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A  Biographical  Sketch  of  Professor  March, 


rANCIS  ANDREW  MARCH,  Sr.,  was  born  in  the  village  of  Millbury,  Mass., October  25,  1825.  In  his 
boyhood  he  evinced  a  decided  taste  for  literature,  and,  his  ambitions  being  fostered,  he  improved  his  oppor- 
tunities so  well  that  in  1845  he  was  graduated  from  Amherst  College,  which  in  1848  bestowed  upon  him 
the  degree  of  A.  M.  He  entered  upon  the  study  of  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  In  1850,  but  ill  health 
compelled  him  to  give  up  an  excellent  practice,  whereupon  he  turned  to  his  favorite  studies,  philosophy,  language 
and  literature,  in  which  he  very  soon  gained  permanent  fame  among  colleges  and  learned  persons  of  both  Europe 
and  America.  In  1870  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Princeton,  and  In  1871  by  Amherst. 
In  1887  Columbia  honored  him  with  the  degree  of  L.H.D. ,  and  in  1896  he  received  from  Oxford,  England, 
the  title  of  D.C.L.,and  from  Cambridge,  England,  and  also  from  Princeton,  the  same  year,  the  very  distin- 
guished degree  of  Litt.D. 

Professor  March  was  called  to  the  chair  of  English  Language  an'J  Comparative  Philology  of  Lafayette 
College,  in  1857,  which  he  has  ever  since  occupied  despite  offers  from  the  greatest  colleges  of  the  world.  He 
Is  a  pioneer  in  the  study  of  English  Classics  and  English  Literature,  and  is  regarded  as  the  first  authority  living 
on  derivation,  spelling,  definition  and  grammar,  and  as  a  linguist  he  has  had  no  equal  since  tho  death  of  Max 
Muller.  He  was  elected  president  of  the  American  Philological  Association  in  1873,  and  again  in  1896,  and  has 
served  as  president  of  the  Spelling  Reform  Association  since  its  organization  in  1876.  He  succeeded  James 
Russell  Lowell  as  president  of  t;ie  Modem  Language  Association  of  America,  in  1891;  is  Vice-President  of  the 
New  Shakspere  Society,  London,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  Philological  Society,  London,  and  L'Associ- 
ation  Fonetique  de  Professeurs  da  Langues  Vivants,  Paris.  He  is  also  Senator  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  member 
of  the  National  Council  of  Education,  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  and  of  the  American  Antiquarian 
Society,  and  Chairman  of  the  Pennsylvania  Commission  on  Amended  Orthography.  Since  1879  Professor 
March  is  Director  of  American  Readers  for  the  Oxford  (Murray's),  England,  Dictionary,  the  greatest  work 
of  the  kind  ever  undertaken,  and  is  consulting  editor  of  the  Standard  Dictionary. 

Professor  March  Is  the  author  of  many  educational  works  that  are  used  as  text  books  In  the  most 
famous  colleges  of  Europe  and  America.  In  1865  Harpers  published  his  "  Method  of  Philological  Study 
of  the  English  Language,"  and  in  1869  "  A  Parser  and  Analyzer  for  Beginners."  A  year  later  the  same 
publishing  house  brought  out  his  "  Comparative  Grammar  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Language,"  and  his  "Anglo- 
Saxon  Reader."  Professor  March  has  contributed  largely  to  magazines  on  the  subject  of  language,  and  has 
written  numerous  learned  articles  for  leading  encyclopedias.  He  is  also  editor  of  "Latin  Hymns  with  English 
Notes,"  "Eusebius,"  "Tertullian,"  "Athenagoras,"  and  other  classics  published  by  Harpers.  As  an  Encyclo- 
pedist and  Lexicographer,  Professor  March  is  Justly  world-famous,  and  as  a  linguist  and  authority  on  English 
literature  he  Is,  perhaps,  without  a  compeer. 


,w 


A 


Thesaurus  Dictionary 


OF  THE 


English  Language 


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DESIGNED   TO  SUGGEST  IMMEDIATELY  ANY 

DESIRED  WORD  NEEDED  TO  EXPRESS 

EXACTLY  A  GIVEN  IDEA 

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I 

A  Dictionary,  Synonyms,  Antonyms,  Idioms, 
Foreign  Phrases,  Pronunciations,  A  Co- 
pious Correlation  of  Words 


BY 

FRANCIS  ANDREW  MARCH,  LL.D.,L.H.D.,D.C.L.,Litt.D. 

Professor  of  the  English  Language  and  Comparative  Philology  at  Lafayette  College;  Author  of  "A  Comparative  Grammar 
of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Language,"  "Method  of  Philological  Study  of  the  English  Language,"  etc.;  Editor  of  the  "  Douglas 
Series  of  Christian,  Latin  and  Greek  Classics,"  etc.;  Consulting  Editor  of  the  "Standard  Dictionary,"  Director  of 
American  Readers  for  the  Historical  English  Dictionary  of  the  Philological  Society.  England;  President  of  the  American 
Philological  Association,    1873-4,  96-7;  President  of  the  Modern  Language  Association  of  America,  1891-3, 

AND 

FRANCIS   ANDREW   MARCH,  Jr.,   A.M.,  Ph.D. 

Professor  of  English  Literature  at  Lafayette  College;  Assistant  In  English  at  Cornell  University,  1883;  Assistant  in 
Etymologies  upon  the  "  Century    Dictionary,"  Editor  of  Etymologies  upon  the  "Standard  Dictionary,"  etc. 

1910  EDITION 

HISTORICAL    PUBLISHING    COMPANY 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


CtsiUVl* 


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Copyright,      1902, 
Copyright,      1906, 


BY 


James     W.     Buel. 


Entered  at  Stationers' Hall, 
London,  England. 

All  Rights  Resirvtd. 
Patented  March  3/,  /qoj. 

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FOREWORD 


In  London,  1852,  appeared  o  volume  entitled,  "Thesaurus  of  English  Words  and 
Phrases,  Classified  and  Arranged  so  as  to  Facilitate  the  Expression  of  Ideas  and  Assist  in 
Literary  Composition,  by  Peter  Hark  Roget,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S."  It  was  intended  to  supply  a 
collection  of  the  words  and  idiomatic  combinations  of  the  English  language,  "  arranged, 
not  in  alphabetical  order  as  they  ore  in  a  dictionary,  but  according  to  the  ideas  which  they 
express,"  so  that  any  one  who  has  an  idea  may  here  find  the  word  or  words  by  which  it 
may  be  most  fitly  and  aptly  expressed.  This  book  has  been  for  half  a  century  a  familiar 
part  of  the  machinery  used  by  authors,  preachers,  lecturers  and  the  like.  The  number  of 
such  persons  has  lately  increased  rapidly.  Writing  also  fills  a  larger  place  in  our  schemes 
of  education.  The  students  of  our  universities  have  little  time  for  Socratic  dialogue  ;  they 
hand  in  essays  day  by  day,  and  close  their  careers  with  original  theses  as  heavy  as  articles 
in  the  quarterlies.  Observation  of  the  needs  of  the  book-buying  public,  especially  that 
part  of  it  which  has  found  use  for  Roget,  has  led  to  the  thought  that  its  material  may 
be  prepared  and  supplemented  for  a  much  wider  sphere — one  that  comports  better  with 
a  largely  extended  language  and  modernized  form  of  expression. 

The  first  shortcoming  in  Roget  is  that  there  ore  no  definitions  of  the  words  or 
explanations  of  the  phrases.  The  book  is  really  an  index  of  w<>rds  to  be  looked  op  in 
dictionaries  and  cyclopedias,  unless  one  comes  to  it  with  his  mind  thoroughly  stored  with 
words  and  meanings.  Besides  the  single  words  there  are  collected  phrases,  kennings,  and 
longer  familiar  quotations  in  English  and  foreign  languages.  These  are  all  helpful  to  the 
literary  worker.  There  has  been  a  great  accumulation  of  them  in  the  latest  dictionaries,  in 
the  Century,  the  Standard,  and  in  the  Oxford  Dictionary.  The  Standard  has  gone  farthest 
in  the  collection  of  groups  of  words,  giving,  for  example,  groups  of  names  of  apples,  and  coins, 
and  structures,  and  animals.  The  Oxford  prints  the  most  numerous  phrases,  and  adds 
quotations  containing  them  which  exhibit  their  biographies.  The  time  seems  ripe  for  a 
Thesaurus,  bringing  together  groups  of  them,  accompanied  by  concise  definitions  giving  in 
each  group  the  meaning  of  each  word  as  used  in  the  group. 

Then  there  is  difficulty  with  the  machinery  for  finding  any  particular  word  or  phrase. 
Early  vocabularies  often  consist  of  groups  arranged  by  their  ideas.    .That  of  iElfric,  a 


M34814 


tenth  century  Anglo-Saxon  work,  begins  with  formers'  tools  all  in  a  heap;  then  come  ecclesi- 
astical matters,  then  political,  then  diseases,  then  wild  beasts,  insects,  vessels,  a  room  and  its 
contents,  and  so  on.  Nothing  could  be  done  with  the  materials  of  the  Oxford  Dictionary,  or 
the  Century,  or  Standard,  on  any  such  plan.  Dictionaries  are  sometimes  arranged  according 
to  a  philological  system.  Ettmiiller's  Anglo-Saxon  Dictionary  has  the  words  classified  under 
their  roots,  and  the  roots  and  words  arranged  according  to  the  scientific  order  of  the  sounds. 
The  beginner  has  to  moster  this  order  of  sounds,  and  then  to  guess  under  what  root  his  word 
belongs — or  rather  under  what  root  Ettmiiller  thinks  it  belongs.  He  has,  in  fact,  to  learn  the 
language  to  its  depths  before  he  can  use  the  dictionary. 

Roget's  arrangement  is  primarily  one  of  nameoble  objects.  "It  is  impossible  we 
should  thoroughly  understand  the  nature  of  the  signs  unless  we  first  properly  consider  and 
arrange  the  things  signified,"  is  his  motto,  taken  from  Home  Tooke's  "  Diversions  of 
Purley."  He  classifies  nameables,  after  the  manner  of  the  English  psychologists,  into  matter, 
mind  (intellect,  volition,  affections),  space  and  abstract  relations,  and  divides  and  subdivides 
these  until  he  makes  out  an  even  thousand  divisions,  and  into  these  he  puts  all  the  words.  In 
order  to  find  any  word  it  was  necessary  to  think  out  in  which  subdivision  its  idea  belongs. 
This  is  worse  than  Ettmiiller.  It  was  necessary  to  add  a  verbal  index,  alphabetically 
arranged,  with  references  to  the  groups  by  number.  It  is  not  easy,  indeed,  to  find  o  word 
ofter  you  know  the  number  of  its  group,  for  the  group  may  contain  hundreds  of  words  in  no 
manageable  order. 

The  machinery  of  a  serviceable  dictionary  is  found  in  the  alphabet.  The  invention  of 
alphabetic  writing  has  been  often  pronounced  the  most  important  ever  made.  It  is  not  the 
least  of  its  benefits  to  mankind  that  it  affords  the  means  of  making  knowledge  accessible. 
Every  one  knows  the  letters  of  the  alphabet.  If  all  thoughts  are  arranged  under  their  words, 
and  the  words  arranged  in  alphabetic  order,  any  one  can  find  off-hand  any  of  the  million  tacts 
and  thoughts  which  are  stored  in  the  dictionary.  The  use  of  the  simple  alphabetic  order  is 
almost  as  important  an  invention  as  the  representation  of  words  by  single  signs  of  their 
elementary  sounds. 

The  material  of  this  Thesaurus  has  been  brought  to  alphabetic  order.  Our  publisher 
suggested  that  it  be  called  a  THESAURUS  DICTIONARY,  believing  that  the  word 
"Thesaurus"  will  easily  assume  the  meaning  of  groups,  and  "Dictionary"  that  of  alphabetic 
arrangement. 

In  using  the  THESAURUS  DICTIONARY,  look  up  any  word  connected  with  your  sub- 
ject in  its  alphabetic  place  in  the  vocabulary  list  in  larger  black  type,  exactly  as  in  a  com- 
mon dictionary.  Anger,  for  example,  is  found  thus  on  page  45.  It  is  there  briefly  defined  as 
a  violent  passion,  and  two  groups  to  which  it  belongs  are  then  mentioned  in  small  capitals, 
Excitability-Inexcitability  and  Favorite-Anger.  To  study  the  first  group  turn 
to  excitability-inexcitability  in  its  alphabetical  place  in  the  general  vocabulary, 
page  372.  There,  under  this  heading,  are  two  parallel  columns,  the  left-hand  for  excita- 
bility, the  right  for  inexcitability,  each  running  on  for  a  couple  of  pages  and  bringing 


together  some  one  hundred  and  fifty  words  and  phrases.  These  ore  divided  into  nouns, 
verbs,  verbal  phrases,  adjectives,  etc.,  arranged  in  alphabetic  order.  The  first  column 
contains  all  words  and  phrases  naturally  associated  according  to  the  laws  of  similarity, 
contiguity  and  comprehension, — synonyms  and  the  like;  the  second  column  contains  a  similar 
group  related  to  the  first  column  according  to  the  law  of  contrast,— antonyms,  polar  opposites, 
and  the  like.  By  means  of  cross-references,  other  groups  of  associated  meaning  are 
brought  to  the  attention. 

A  large  collection  of  groups  like  these,  printed  without  alphabetic  order  and  without 
definitions,  notes  or  comments,  constitutes  the  Thesaurus  of  Roget  or  the  Dictionnaire  Ide'o- 
logique  of  Robertson.  It  is  obvious  that  this  is  really  an  index  of  words  to  be  studied  in  other 
dictionaries,  unless  the  student  be  thoroughly  stored  beforehand  with  words  and  meanings. 

An  attempt  has  been  made  in  this  volume  to  give  the  less  accomplished  student 
further  help  in  his  handling  of  the  groups,  and  his  use  of  them  for  original  work.  In 
the  first  place  the  words  and  phrases  are  defined.  The  dictionaries  try  first  to  state, 
with  exactness  and  clearness,  the  thought  for  which  each  word  stands.  The  student  of  lit- 
erature or  oratory  knows  that  putting  together  these  dictionary  definitions  does  not  give  the 
full  force  of  the  great  passages.  When  words  are  idiomatically  put  together,  the  combination 
is  not  agglutinative;  relations  between  the  words  appear,  and  the  result  is  not  a  mechanical 
compound,  but  chemical,  or,  rather,  vital,  especially  when  the  melody  of  the  voice  is  added. 

The  definition  is  an  idea,  a  solid  intellectual  center;  the  emotions  which  have  been  felt 
with  it  rise  in  memory  with  it,  and  give  it  an  aureole,  a  halo,  a  nimbus,  a  glory,  spheres  of 
radiance.  A  word  is  thus  a  living  power,  with  an  individuality  embodied  in  its  root  and 
affixes.  It  has  a  history;  it  has  a  character  derived  from  its  history.  Every  familiar  phrase  in 
which  it  occurs,  every  great  passage  in  literature  in  which  it  is  found,  every  great  occasion  with 
which  it  is  associated,  every  honored  name  with  which  it  is  connected  adds  to  its  charm. 
Every  happy  phrase  in  Gray's  "  Elegy  in  a  Country  Churchyard "  adds  to  the  charm 
of  every  other.  Every  resonant  word  in  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  or  in  Webster's 
Speech  for  Liberty  and  Union,  has  new  power,  and  when  the  great  orator  repeats  the  magic 
words  of  Milton  and  Shakespeare  he  redoubles  their  harmonies.  Every  kind  of  favorable 
influence  combines  to  strengthen  and  beautify  the  moving  idiom  of  our  English  Bible. 

In  order  to  aid  workers  in  literature  to  perceive  and  enjoy  these  associations,  the  defi- 
nitions here  given  are  often  turned  so  as  to  suggest  the  original  thought  of  the  word,  the 
beginning  of  its  history,  especially  if  it  is  derived  from  the  name  of  some  person  or  place  worthy 
of  renown.  In  the  group  of  words  we  have  mentioned  under  Excitability  ore  Quixo- 
tism, chivalry  run  mad  in  amiable  madness,  as  in  "  Don  Quixote  "  of  Cervantes ;  Agony, 
like  that  of  a  wrestler  in  the  Olympic  games;  Patience  on  a  morfument,  defined  as 
"  smiling  at  grief,"  and  given  its  Shakespearian  grace  by  reference  to  "  Twelfth  Night " 
ii,  4.  There  is  Stoicism,  dignifying  the  "Stoic  of  the  Woods,  the  man  without  a  tear," 
in  Campbell's  "Gertrude  of  Wyoming,"  and  there  are  Chaucer's  "making  a  virtue  of 
necessity;"  Inextinguishable  laughter  of  the  gods,  from  Homer,  "Iliad  I,  268"; 
Volcanic,    like    the   chimney   of    the   forge   of    Vulcan;    the   Bible's    itching    ears; 


Shakespeare's  itching  palm;  Mens  aequa  in  arduis,  "equanimity  in  difficolUes," 
the  trait  of  Warren  Hastings  recorded  on  his  portrait  at  Calcutta. 

In  the  reign  of  Qaeen  Anne  Englishmen  spoke  of  living  in  theAugostan  age  of  the  Eng- 
lish language  j  they  thought  it  had  reached  perfection,  and  they  wanted  a  dictionary  that 
should  record  the  words  then  in  use  and  be  a  standard  for  future  generations.  Dr.  Johnson's 
great  dictionary  was  widely  accepted  as  soch  a  standard.  Authors  of  eminence  were  careful 
not  to  use  any  word  not  in  Johnson.  Critics  pounced  upon  every  writer  who  strayed  from  the 
standard.  Slang  was  deadly  sin.  The  golden  age  was  to  be  kept  pure  from  it  forever. 
There  are  still  survivors  of  this  period.  Not  long  ago  the  "  Sunday  School  Times "  sent 
out  an  inquiry  about  tireless  and  some  eminent  authors  answered  that  they  had  thought 
it  good,  but  since  it  was  not  in  Worcester  or  Webster,  they  would  not  use  it. 

Bet  we  have  changed  all  that.  We  see  that  a  language  most  change  with  each  genera- 
tion. If  it  is  to  live  it  most  be  sopplied  with  a  constant  inflow  of  new  words,  of  which  a  vital 
port  comes  from  the  feeling  and  imagination  of  persons  who  otter  themselves  in  slang.  A 
living  language  is  a  lake  from  which  there  is  a  constant  flow  of  words  to  the  ocean  of  oblivion, 
and  which  has  a  constant  supply  from  the  fountain  of  popular  talk. 

During  the  last  half  century  more  new  words  and  phrases  have  poured  into  the 
,£nglish  language  than  in  any  century  before;  new  arts  and  new  sciences  have  swollen 
the  inflow.  In  this  volume  many  new  words  will  be  found  added  to  the  old  groups, 
and  a  nomber  of  new  groups  have  been  gathered,  chiefly  words  of  the  expanding  sciences, 
soch  as  biology,  chemistry,  and  electricity.  These  we  cordially  commend  to  the  atten- 
tion and  use  of  all  students. 

Those  who  may  find  expressions  which  they  recognize  as  living  slang  worthy  of 
longer  life,  we  advise  to  use  it  with  some  token,  as  Lord  Bacon  does,  when  he  says,  "  It 
is  a  doll  thing  to  tire,  and,  as  we  say  now,  to  Jade  anything  too  for." 


^d^JjJUrds 


PREFACE 


To  the  making  of  books  there  is  no  limit,  but  like  the  great  numbers  of  fish  in  the  sea,  it  is 
the  comparatively  few  that  are  worth  the  taking.  The  most  valuable  are  those  that  give  us  the 
most  useful  information,  and  such  as  we  have  most  frequently  to  consult.  An  encyclopedia  is 
extremely  valuable,  but  it  is  not  so  necessary  for  reference  as  a  dictionary,  nor  is  any  other  book 
so  beneficial  for  serving  our  daily  needs.  To  live  without  a  dictionary  is  to  be  deprived  of  the 
means  of  understanding  what  we  read,  and,  very  often,  what  we  hear.  It  is,  indeed,  the  indis- 
pensable requisite  of  every  home. 

Professor  March's  Thesaurus  Dictionary  is  a  work  produced  by  the  most  famous,  because  the 
most  learned,  lexicographer  not  only  of  America,  but  of  the  world.  The  service  which  Webster 
performed,  in  giving  us  a  good  American  Dictionary,  which  has  served  to  enlarge  our  vocabulary 
and  thereby  the  better  qualify  us  to  express  our  thoughts,  is  one  that  entitles  his  memory  to  un- 
fading praise.     But  great  as  was  Webster's  work,  for  the  benefits  named,  that  of  Professor  March 

is  a  distinct  and  no  less  important  step  forward  in  helpful- 
ness to  a  knowledge  of  the  English  Language,  for  his  dic- 
tionary not  only  prints  definitions,  but  the  chief  purpose  of 


EMBARRASSMENTS  OF  AN  INADE- 
QUATE VOCABULART 


his  Thesaurus  is  to  enable  those  who  use  it  for  reference  to  have  at  their  command  the  exact  words 
required  to  definitely  and  forcibly  express  any  idea  they  may  wish  to  convey.  What  man  or 
woman,  however  learned  or  experienced,  has  mastered  all,  or  more  than  a  small  fraction,  of  the 
words  that  make  up  the  total  of  the  English  language?  It  is  not  difficult  to  imagine  with  what 
veneration  the  world  would  hold  a  person  who  is  able  to  properly  use,  at  will,  every  word  printed 
in  unabridged  dictionaries. 

We  observe  the  small  child  trying  to  express  its  thoughts,  or  longings,  and  smile  at  its  use  of 
inapt  terms  and  its  frequent  repetitions.  The  child  has  as  yet  learned  the  use  of  only  a  few  words, 
and  this  small  vocabulary  renders  it  necessary  to  make  one  word  serve  several  meanings.  The 
very  little  knowledge  that  the  child  manifests  is  comparative  only,  for  we  as  often  see  men  of  good 
intelligence,  and  of  education  as  well,  who,  for  lack  of  an  adequate  vocabulary  halt,  repeat  and 
stumble,  and  make  use  of  words  that  have  small  relevancy,  in  an  effort  to  express  an  idea,  or  describe 
a  fact  or  thing. 

But  the  difficulty  of  always  recalling,  or  knowing  the  right  word  needed  to  convey  exactly  our 
thoughts,  is  one  which  even  the  most  fluent  speakers  and  the  most  lucid  writers  encounter  with  such 
frequency  that  search  for  the  one  word  particularly  desired  for  the  occasion  occupies  so  much  of 
their  time  that  their  minds  are  kept  upon  a  great  strain;  or,  as  Richard  Le  Gallienne  has  de- 
clared, "the  search  often  becomes  something  like  a  tragedy."  Indeed,  it  is  said  that  Flaubert,  one 
of  the  most  exact  of  French  writers,  sacrificed  his  life  in  the  ardent  pursuit  of  particular  words. 

The  difficulty  of  selecting  proper  words  in  attempts  to  precisely  convey  our  thoughts  to  others 
comes  from  inadequacy  on  the  one  hand,  and-  exaggeration  on  the  other.  Ordinarily,  we  may  be 
able  to  make  ourselves  understood,  even  with  a  limited  vocabulary,  but  it  very  frequently  happens, 
even  to  the  most  scholarly,  that  words  are  needed  for  uses  and  situations  both  subtle  and  complex, 
and  then  it  is  that  deficiency  in  word  knowledge  becomes  a  matter  of  intense  irritation. 


The  English  language  is  so  rich  that  for  every  fact  and  feeling  there  is  an  exact  word ;  a  word 
in  shape,  size,  color,  and  sound,  that  absolutely  and  uniquely  embodies  the  fact  and  feeling  one 
desires  to  express.  In  short,  the  "unique,"  or  exact  word,  is  the  very  philosopher's  stone  of  litera- 
ture, and  thus  it  is  that  the  search  for  it  is  a  life-time  pursuit,  followed  with  persistency  and  a 
sense  of  profound  annoyance,  by  all  who  write  or  speak. 

But  the  scholarly  writer,  who  has  more  frequent  occasion  to  employ  unusual  words,  and 
therefore  has  need  for  the  larger  vocabulary,  finds  it  quite  as  difficult  to  express  himself  as  does 
the  ordinary  business  man,  mechanic,  farmer,  or  pupil.  Indeed,  as  our  professions  and  pursuits 
modify  our  educational  requirements,  all  persons  in  the  range  between  the  most  highly  cultured 
and  the  least  educated,  find  equal  difficulty  in  recalling,  on  the  moment,  appropriate  words  neces- 
sary to  express  ideas  with  definiteness. 

For  more  than  four  centuries,  as  several  cumbersome  compilations  of  old  lexicographers 
show,  efforts  have  been  made  to  produce  a  book  that  would  give  immediate  use  of  a  comprehensive 
vocabulary,  but  all  such  works  of  dictionary-makers  were  failures,  so  complete  as  to  be  of  little 
or  no  more  use  than  the  crude  dictionaries  of  the  times  themselves.  It  must  be  apparent  that  such 
a  book,  for  great  usefulness,  must  not  only  contain  an  unabridged  collection  of  related  words,  in 
alphabetical  arrangement,  but  also  the  definition  and  pronunciation  of  each  word,  so  that  when 
found  its  proper  use  is  at  once  determined,  without  need  of  referring  to  a  dictionary  for  an  ex- 
planation of  the  meaning.  All  the  objections  to  previous  compilations  are  removed  by  Professor 
F.  A.  March's  "Thesaurus  Dictionary  of  the  English  Language,"  and  besides  making  his  work  a 
very  marvel  of  word  gathering,  he  has  added  many  relevant  features  which  serve  to  justify  the 
claim  that,  for  its  purposes,  no  book  ever  before  published  exceeds  it  in  practical  value  and  real  im- 
portance. 

The  production  of  a  dictionary  is  an  enterprise  that  necessarily  involves  an  enormous  expendi- 
ture of  money,  and  the  employment  of  the  best  talent  obtain- 
able. But  the  compilation  of  a  Thesaurus  Dictionary  is  a 
superlative  work  of  importance  and  complexity,  which  requires 


PRACTICAL  USEFULNESS  OF  THE 
THESAURUS 


the  very  highest  order  of  learning  and  the  most  critical  accuracy  in  its  several  features  of  spelling, 
pronunciation,  concise  definition,  and  shades  of  difference  in  the  signification  of  related,  or  so-called 
synonymous  terms.  These  attentions  are  extremely  necessary,  as  every  one  n  ust  appreciate, 
but  infinitely  more  exhaustive  and  critical  is  the  labor  of  bringing  together  into  close  and  alpha- 
betical association,  for  prompt  reference,  all  the  words  of  the  English  language  in  their  respective 
relationships  of  significance. 

Webster's  Dictionary  provides  a  means  whereby  we  may  quickly  ascertain  the  meaning  of 
any  word  in  our  language.  Professor  March's  Thesaurus  gives  the  same  knowledge,  but  in  addition 
thereto  it  enables  any  one  to  reclaim  a  word  forgotten ;  to  recover  and  correctly  use  a  word  needed 
to  convey  exactly  an  idea.  Every  day  you  are  vexed  by  vain  efforts  to  recall  a  word,  which 
you  may  know  exists,  that  will  definitely,  precisely,  express  an  idea  which  you  wish  to  convey. 
Everybody  is  troubled  in  the  same  way.  Well,  by  the  quick  aid  of  the  Thesaurus  Dictionary 
you  can  promptly  find  the  needed  word,  quite  as  easy  as  it  is  to  find  the  definition  of  a  given 
word  in  Webster's.  More  than  this  even,  this  Thesaurus  will  suggest  a  word  which  you  may  re- 
quire; to  find  any  term  it  is  necessary  merely  to  refer  to  a  simple  word  that  has  some  relation,  in 
significance,  to  the  idea  sought  to  be  conveyed,  whereupon  you  are  directed,  by  reference  words, 
printed  in  small  capital  letters,  to  the  captions  under  which  will  be  found  all  the  words  that 
have  any  affinity  to  the  subject  in  mind.  This  is  accomplished  by  a  practical  system  of 
alphabetic  grouping  of  all  words  of  our  language  according  to  their  relationships  in  meaning. 

Or,  to  explain  more  lucidly,  a  word  is  taken;  for  example,  let  the  word  be  " Good"  or  "  Good- 
ness," page  460.  We  turn  to  this  word  in  its  alphabetical  arrangement,  just  as  in  any  dictionary, 
and  there  we  find  it  given,  with  definition,  but  immediately  following  we  find  also  every  important 
word  in  our  language  that  has  any  relationship  to  "Goodness."  And  besides  the  words  and  defi- 
nitions  under  the  caption  "Goodness"  we  find  also  the  foreign  phrases — all  phonetically  pro 

vi 


nounced — that  one  is  liable  to  meet  with  in  reading  upon  a  subject  allied  to  "Goodness."  More- 
over, it  will  be  noticed  that  in  the  column  directly  opposite  the  caption  word  is  "Badness,"  or  the 
antithesis  of  "Goodness,"  and  under  that  term  will  be  found  every  important  word  in  our  language 
that  is  associated  with  evil,  together  also  with  the  foreign  phrases  applicable  thereto. 

Thus  it  will  be  observed  that  to  facilitate  the  search  for  particular  words  needed,  this  system 
of  grouping  all  related  terms  is  perfected  by  printing  all  words  alphabetically,  and  also  by  placing 
the  positive  term  with  its  negative  in  parallel  columns.  Thus,  in  the  example  given,  Goodness 
is  the  caption  word  of  one  column,  with  all  its  kindred  terms  following,  while  in  the  opposite  parallel 
column,  appears  the  antithetical  caption,  Badness,  with  its  related  terms.  We  will  find  the 
same  category  of  words  of  related  significance  if  we  refer  to  any  word  that  has  affinity  in  meaning 
for  either  "good"  or  "bad." 

Any  word  followed  up  in  the  Thesaurus  will  serve  to  illustrate  how  this  great  service  is  per- 
formed, and,  for  a  specific  example,  let  us  take  the  positive  and  negative  terms,  "Faith-Misgiving," 
page  389,  and  three  pages  following.  Here  you  will  find,  under  this  caption,  every  word,  synonym 
and  its  opposite,  that  has  any  relationship,  in  significance,  to  these  two  terms,  a  list  which  com- 
prises 350  words  and  phrases.  This  list  is  multiplied  by  following  the  correlated  divisions  under 
such  captions  as  "Godliness-Ungodliness,"  page  454;  "Bigotry-Apostasy,"  page  106;  "Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty," page  1123;  "Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,"  page  739;  "Credulousness- Skepticism," 
page  241;  "Theology,"  page  1058;  "Sanguineness-Hopelessness,"  page  933;  "Observance-Non-Observ- 
ance,"  page  719,  etc.  Similarly  there  is  a  complete  list  of  all  kindred  words  pertaining  to  the 
subjects:  "Beauty-Ugliness,"  page  92;  "Creation-Destruction,"  page  237;  "Affluence-Penury," 
page  27;  "Astronomy,"  page  76,  etc.  It  will  be  noticed  also  that  while  all  associated  words  are 
given  alphabetically,  each  one  is  concisely  defined  so  as  to  show  clearly  the  different  shades  of 
meaning.     Besides  this,  you  will  find   incorporated  in  the  extensive  category  of  related  terms, 

many  foreign  phrases  duly  translated,  and  that  the  grammati- 
cal analysis  throughout  is  complete.  The  same  systematic  and 
exhaustive  collection  of  kindred  words  and  phrases  will  be  found 


SYSTEMATIC  GROUPIHG  AlfD 
WORD  ANALYSIS 


if  we  examine  other  terms. 

It  is  the  man  or  woman  who  has  the  largest  command  of  language  that  is  able  to  express  an 
idea  with  the  greatest  force  and  clearness.  Those  who  have  a  copious  vocabulary  are  the  ones 
who  speak  most  eloquently  and  write  most  graphically.  The  Thesaurus  Dictionary  is,  of  course, 
of  most  pronounced  value  to  professional  people,  the  author,  journalist,  lawyer,  minister,  public 
speakers,  teachers;  in  short,  to  those  who  write  most;  but  its  usefulness  to  all  classes  is  exceed- 
ingly great.  All  men  and  women,  as  well  as  all  boys  and  girls,  are  trying  to  increase  their  knowl- 
edge, for  the  more  we  know,  either  by  study  or  experience,  the  better  qualified  we  become  to 
deal  with  practical  affairs  of  life. 

Students  need  the  Thesaurus  Dictionary  more  than  they  do  any  other  book;  not  because  it 
is  a  working  dictionary,  but  especially  because  it  enables  them  to  write  and  to  speak  with  precision, 
accuracy  and  elegance.  It  qualifies  them,  without  study,  to  prepare  essays,  to  handle  subjects, 
to  make  themselves  prime  factors  in  public  life ;  this  service  it  performs  by  enlarging  their  vocabu- 
lary, by  making  them  masters  of  the  language,  and  by  suggesting  ideas  that  lie  crystallized  in 
words.  It  is  likewise  an  inspiration,  encouraging  to  loftiest  efforts,  for  the  student  who  once 
becomes  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  authorship  is  pretty  certain  to  develop  into  a  person  of  marked 
influence  and  prominent  importance. 

The  man  or  woman  who  writes  for  the  press,  or  who  speaks  in  public,  will  find  the  Thesaurus 
Dictionary  an  aid  of  inestimable  value.  Consultation  of  its  vocabulary  lists  of  related  terms, 
in  the  search  for  a  word  required  to  express  exactly  a  given  idea,  not  only  results  in  finding  the 
definite  term  desired,  but  also  in  suggesting  new  ideas,  for  it  very  often  happens  to  writers  that  a 
sudden  calling  to  mind  of  a  specially  significant  word  leads  to  a  fresh  line  of  thought  or  may  even 
modify  preconceived  opinions. 


No  other  book  is  such  a  stimulus  to  the  child  at  school,  and  no  other  confers  so  many  distinct 
benefits.  When  a  pupil  is  required  by  its  teacher  to  prepare  a  composition,  embarrassment  is  great 
because  the  child  has  few  ideas  and  a  knowledge  of  few  words  with  which  to  express  them.  By 
the  aid  of  the  Thesaurus  these  obstacles  to  composition  are  immediately  removed,  for  a  subject 
being  given  by  its  teacher,  the  child  may  turn  to  a  word  related  to  the  subject,  under 
which  it  will  find  at  once  every  word,  with  definition,  that  appertains  in  anywise  to  the  subject 
and  by  so  doing  it  acquires  a  copious  vocabulary  for  its  purpose,  as  well  also  many  new  ideas  that 
are  suggested  by  the  information  thus  obtained.  There  is  no  subject,  whether  simple,  profound, 
technical;  whether  it  concerns  the  animal,  the  vegetable,  or  the  mineral  kingdoms;  whether  it 
touches  upon  science,  social  problems,  political  economy,  faith,  doctrine,  home-life,  marriage, 
affection,  agriculture,  mechanics,  war,  history,  poetry,  school, — in  short  it  matters  not  what  the  sub- 
ject may  be,  by  consulting  this  Thesaurus  the  child  obtains,  almost  at  a  glance,  all  the  words,  and 
very  much  of  the  information,  that  is  needed  to  write  about  it  intelligently.  At  the  same  time 
the  child  also  learns  how  to  construct  its  sentences  grammatically.  This  acquisition  of  a  large 
vocabulary  will  influence  a  majority  of  children  to  aspire  to  authorship,  and  inevitably  lead  to 
investigation  and  scholarship,  an  important  consideration. 

They  are  few  who  understand  the  grammar  of  our  language.  One  may  have  an  extensive 
vocabulary  and  yet  be  unable  to  write  or  speak  correctly.  The  Thesaurus  Dictionary  not  only 
affords  the  means  of  choosing  the  right  word  at  the  right  time,  and  of  giving  complete  mastery  of 
every  term  in  our  language  for  immediate  use,  but  it  also  presents  the  words,  names  the  parts  of 

speech,  gives  concise  definitions  in  every  case,  prints  all  the 
synonyms  and  their  opposites,  and  shows  all  words  and 
phrases  in  their  grammatical  relationships. 


MASTERY  OF  VOCABULARY  AND 
GRAMMAR 


The  English  language  is  a  rapidly  growing  one.  Dr.  Johnson's  Dictionary  contained  nearly  one 
hundred  thousand  words,  whereas  to-day  the  largest  dictionary  has  three  hundred  thousand  words. 
This  rapid  increase  is  due  to  the  incorporation  of  slang  words,  progress  and  discoveries  in  science,  and 
coinages  by  the  ignorant  no  less  than  by  the  learned.  The  Thesaurus  Dictionary,  being  the  very 
latest  compilation,  contains  all  the  recent  additions,  including  terms  used  in  electricity,  radiography, 
automobiling,  telephony,  science,  signaling,  commerce,  political  economy,  questions  of  the  day; 
in  fact,  of  every  acquisition,  in  science,  society,  business  and  government;  and  in  giving  the  defini- 
tions of  terms  it  imparts  most  instructive  information. 

Every  reader  is  almost  constantly  meeting  with  words  or  phrases  of  foreign  speech,  of  which 
neither  translation  nor  pronunciation  is  given.  This  is  a  matter  of  intense  annoyance  to  persons 
who  cannot  translate  for  themselves,  as  the  use  of  such  interjections  often  destroys  the  sense  of 
connection  in  the  reading.  In  the  Thesaurus  Dictionary  you  will  find  all  such  words  and  phrases, 
in  French,  German,  Spanish,  Italian,  Latin,  Greek,  not  only  fully  translated  but  also  phonetically, 
hence   most  exactly,  pronounced. 

The  Thesaurus  Dictionary  of  the  English  Language  is  presented  by  the  publishers 
with  the  sincere  belief  that  its  uniqueness  will  commend  it  no  less  than  the  real  practical  value  it 
will  be  found  to  afford  all  who  consult  its  pages.  Expense  has  not  been  spared  in  the  prepara- 
tion, either  in  the  compilation  or  mechanical  production,  because  so  great  a  conception  as  the  work 
embodies  is  worthy  the  most  perfect  realization. 

THE    PUBLISHERS. 


vtii 


A    Key   to    Egyptian    Characters 


The  Rosetta  Stone  contains  a  decree 

that  is  written  in  three  totally  different 
styles  of  characters,  namely,  hieroglyphic, 
demotic  and  Greek;  the  first  was  used 
by  the  priesthood  and  by  learned  Egyp- 
tians, the  second  was  the  form  of  writ- 
ing employed  by  the  common  people, 
while  the  Greek  was  used  upon  this 
occasion  to  communicate  the  decree  to 
foreigners.  It  was  by  comparing  the 
hieroglyphic  and  demotic,  which  could  not 
at  the  time  be  read,  with  the  Greek,  which 
was  well  known,  that  Champollion  dis- 
covered the  key  to  hieroglyphic  writing. 


THE  ROSETTA  STONE. 

During  Napoleon's  campaign  in  Egypt,  1790..  Boussard    a  French  officer  found  - 
Rosetta,  a  basalt  stele,  which  was  found  to  contain  a  decree  of   Ptolemy  V.  Epiphs 
supplied  the  key  for  the  decipherments  of  the  ancient  monuments  of  Egypt 


I  Fort  St.  Julien.  four  miles  from  the  village  of 
s  in  hieroglyphic,  demotic  and  Greek,  which 


THE  EVOLUTION  OF  WRITING 

The  means  of  communicating  desires,  ideas,  information  by  one  person  to  another,  and  espe- 
cially the  means  of  transmitting  such  expressions  between  individuals,  constitute  one  of  the  most, 
probably  the  very  most,  interesting  phase  of  race  development.  Speech,  no  doubt,  came 
naturally,  even  as  feeling  and  desire,  but  writing  was  bora  of  necessity,  or,  rather,  invented  to 
meet  an  indispensable  need.  The  evolution  of  writing,  from  crude  symbolism,  and  pictorial  repre- 
sentation of  objects,  used  by  the  earliest  peoples,  is  almost  obtrusively,  persistently,  interesting  to  all 
intelligent  persons,  for  the  advance  of  civilization,  with  all  that  it  implies,  is  not  more  certainly 
and  objectively  shown  than  by  the  written  records  graven  on  stone,  scratched  on  bone,  impressed 
in  bricks,  painted  on  papyrus,  and  traced  on  scrolls,  that  bestrew  the  path  of  the  millenniums  of 
human  existence.  Some  of  the  very  antique  examples  of  writing  are  here  exhibited,  and  the  few 
illustrations  printed  serve  admirably  to  show  the  gradual  advance  made  in  the  improved  means 
devised  for  communicating  commands,  recording  facts,  and  expressing  sentiments, 


THE  ROSETTA  STONE 

Nothing  is  left  of  Egyptian  buildings  except  their  graves  and  temples.  These,  by  their  inscrip- 
tions, were  destined  to  revive  interest  in  the  ancient  civilization  of  Egypt.  The  knowledge  of  the 
writings  and  speech  of  ancient  Egypt  had  long  ago  been  entirely  forgotten.  It  was  left  to  the 
nineteenth  century  to  find  the  key  for  deciphering  the  old  Egyptian  hieroglyphic  writings. 

France  deserves  especiai  mention  as  having  been  the  first  to  show  an  interest  in  this  study,  and 
it  is  to  a  Frenchman  that  we  owe  the  first  attempt  at  a  scientific  study  of  the  subject.  The  capital 
of  France,  too,  was  the  first  seat  devoted  to  the  pursuit  of  these  studies  under  the  leadership  of 
Francois  Champollion,  the  founder  of  the  science,  and  his  successors,  Emmanuel  de  Rouge1  and 
G.  Maspero. 

The  era  of  scientific  investigation  of  Egyptian  affairs  begins  with  Napoleon  Bonaparte  and 
Francois  Champollion.  Leibnitz,  the  famous  German  philosopher,  v/as  the  first  to  arouse  the 
interest  of  Louis  XIV.  by  a  memoir  on  Egypt,  which  Napoleon  is  said  to  have  found  in  the  royal 
Archives    and  made  use  of  in  his  Egyptian  expedition.     He  set  sail  on  the  19th  of  May,  1798, 

accompanied  by  a  number  of  learned  men.     The  results  of  the 


DISCOVERY  OF  THE  KEY  TO 
EGYPTIAN  WRITING 


scientific  investigations  were  published  in  a  work  of  thirty-six 
volumes,  twelve  volumes  of  illustrations,  and  twenty-four  of 
text,  entitled  "Description  de  l'Egypte,  ou  recueil  des  observa- 
tions et  des  recherches  pendant  l'expedition  de  l'armee  Francaise."  This  gave  a  great  impetus  to 
Egyptian  studies.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  with  this  work,  and  with  the  investigations  conducted 
in  connection  with  the  discovery  of  the  famous  Rosetta  stone  during  the  same  expedition  by  a 
French  engineer  in  1799,  begins  the  scientific  study  of  a  branch  of  learning  leading  with  certain 
aim  to  a  complete  explanation  of  Egyptian  antiquity. 

A  great  deal  of  matter  is  found  concerning  Egypt  in  ancient  and  mediaeval  literature — Greek, 
Christian,  and  Arabic,  but  it  is  of  no  scientific  value.  As  far  as  the  eighteenth  century  no  one 
succeeded  in  deciphering  any  of  the  hieroglyphic  writings.  Attempts  were  made  and  scholars 
varied  to  such  an  extent  that  while  one  maintained  that  a  certain  inscription  dealt  with  Christian 
mysteries,  another  insisted  that  the  subject  matter  was  moral  and  political  maxims,  a  third  made 
it  a  festal  calendar,  and  a  fourth  regarded  it  as  a  treatise  on  the  magnet  and  use  of  the  compass. 
At  this  point  came  the  discovery  of  the  Rosetta  stone,  now  in  the  British  Museum. 

ix 


This  stone  of  dark  basalt,  now  very  badly  broken  at  both  ends,  must  have  had  the  same  form 
as  that  most  commonly  employed  in  stones  set  up  in  honor  of  gods  and  kings  as  well  as  in  memorials 
set  up  in  temples  and  graves.  (A  restoration  of  the  form  of  the  Rosetta  stone  in  this  wise  is  given 
in  Eduard  Meyer's  "Geschichte  des  alten  Egyptens,"  I:  page  284.)  On  this  stone  a  decree  of  the 
priests  was  published  in  the  reign  of  Ptolemy  Epiphanes,  which  announced  that  the  Egyptian 
priesthood  resolved  to  thank  the  young  king  for  the  numerous  benefits  bestowed  by  him  upon  the 
land,  and  especially  upon  the  Egyptian  temples,  and  they  ordered  all  divine  honors  to  be  paid  him 
and  his  statues,  which  were  to  be  set  up  next  to  those  of  the  chief  divinity  in  all  temples  of  the  first, 
second  and  third  rank.  This  decree  was  composed  in  hieroglyphic  signs,  and  in  the  so-called 
demotic,  enchoric  or  epistolographic  script  of  the  common  people,  and  a  Greek  translation  was 
added.  That  the  contents  of  the  three  different  writings  are  the  same  is  proved  from  the  conclusion 
of  the  Greek  text  which  clearly  reads  [that  the  decree  shall  be  engraved  on  a  stele  of]  hard  stone  in 
the  sacred  writing,  in  the  enchoric  and  Greek  writing,  and  be  set  up  in  every  temple  of  the  first, 
second  [and  third  rank  next  to  the  statue  of  the  king,  the  ever-living].  (The  words  in  the  above 
passage  enclosed  in  square  brackets  are  broken  off  the  stone,  but  they  can  with  certainty  be  supplied 
from  the  hieroglyphic  and  demotic  text  which  can  now  be  read.) 

TRANSLA  TION  OF  THE  GREEK  TEXT 

In  the  reign  of  the  young  king  who  received  the  kingdom  from  his  father,  lord  of  diadems, 
greatly  glorious,  who  has  established  Egypt,  and  pious  toward  the  gods  is  superior  to  his  enemies, 
who  has  set  right  the  life  of  men,  lord  of  feasts  of  thirty  years,  like  Hephaestus  the  great  king,  like 
the  Sun  the  great  king  of  both  the  upper  and  lower  countries,  offspring  of  the  gods  Philopators, 
whom  Hephaestus  approved,  to  whom  the  Sun  gave  victory,  the  living  image  of  Zeus,  son  of  the 
Sun,  Ptolemy  the  ever-living,  beloved  of  Phtha;  in  the  ninth  year:  Aetus,  the  son  of  Aetus,  being 
priest  of  Alexander,  of  the  gods  Soters,  of  the  gods  Adelphi,  of  the  gods  Evergetae,  of  the  gods 
Philopators,  and  of  the  god  Epiphanes  Eucharistus ;  the  athlophorus  of  Berenice  Evergetes  being 
Pyrrah,  daughter  of  Philinus;  the  canephorus  of  Arsinoe  Philadelphus,  Areia,  daughter  of  Diogenes; 
the  priestess  of  Arsinoe  Philopator  being  Irene,  daughter  of  Ptolsmy ;  of  the  month  Xandicus,  the 
fourth,  but  according  to  the  Egyptians,  the  eighteenth  of  Mechir-Decree. 

The  chief  priests  and  prophets,  and  those  who  enter  the  sanctuary  for  the  arraying  of  the  gods, 
and  the  pterophorae,  and  sacred  scribes,  and  all  the  other  priests  who  were  come  from  the  temples 
throughout  the  land  to  Memphis,  into  the  presence  of  the  kings,  for  the  ceremonial  of  the  reception, 
by  Ptolemy  the  ever-living,  beloved  of  Phtha,  god  Epiphanes  Eucharistus  of  the  crown  which  he 

received  from  his  father,  being  gathered  together  in  the  temple 


THE  DECREE  OF 
PTOLEMY  V.  EPIPHANES 


at  Memphis  on  the  day  aforesaid,  decreed,  Since  that  King 
Ptolemy,  the  ever-living,  beloved  of  Phtha,  god  Epiphanes 
Eucharistus,  offspring  of  King  Ptolemy  and  Queen  Arsinoe, 
gods  Philopators,  has  in  many  things  benefited  the  temples  and  those  connected  with  them  and 
all  those  living  under  his  sway,  that  being  a  god,  born  of  a  god,  and  a  goddess,  like  Horus  the  son 
of  Isis  and  Osiris,  of  a  liberal  disposition  towards  the  gods,  he  has  dedicated  to  the  temples  reve- 
nues both  of  money  and  provisions  and  has  undergone  great  expenses  in  order  to  bring  back 
Egypt  to  quietness,  and  to  establish  religious  observances;  with  all  the  means  in  his  power  he  has 
shown  kindness ;  of  the  taxes  and  imposts  existing  in  Egypt  some  he  has  taken  away  entirely,  and 
others  he  has  lightened,  that  the  people  and  all  others  might  be  in  prosperity  under  his  rule;  the 
crown  debts  which  those  in  Egypt  and  in  the  rest  of  his  kingdom  owed,  being  very  considerable, 
he  has  remitted  to  all,  and  those  shut  up  in  prison  for  such  debts,  and  those  lying  under 
accusation  for  a  long  time,  he  released  from  the  claims  against  them;  also  he  commanded 
the  revenues  of  the  temples  and  the  contributions  of  provisions  and  money  made  to  them 
yearly;  and  in  like  manner  the  just  portions  of  the  goods  from  the  vineyards  and  gardens,  and 
what  else  belonged  to  the  gods  in  the  time  of  his  father,   should  remain  upon  the  same   basis; 


■ 


Al 


INSCRIPTION  ON  THE  SARCOPHAGUS   OF   ESMUNAZAR, 

KING  OF  SIDON 


On  the  2otn  of  February,  1855,  Mr.  Peretie,  Chancellor  of  the  French  Consulate  at  Beyrouth,  Palestine, 
having  undertaken  excavations  on  a  piece  of  ground  twenty-five  minutes'  walk  south  of  Sayda,  the  ancient  Sidon, 
was  informed  that  his  agent  had  unearthed  there  a  coffin  of  black  basalt,  near  a  rock  against  which  it  rested. 
Besides  the  sarcophagus,  a  tooth,  a  piece  of  bone,  and  later  a  human  jaw,  were  found  in  the  rubbish.  The 
sarcophagus  itself  was  of  that  Egyptian  form  peculiar  to  mummy  cases,  i.  e.,  oblong,  like  a  body  wrapped 
up  to  the  neck  in  thick  bands,  whose  head,  cut  out  with  broad  head-dress  and  straight  plaited  beard,  alone  remains 
uncovered,  wearing  a  rich  broad  chain  in  relief,  at  each  extremity  of  which  is  a  head  of  a  sacred  hawk,  such  as  one 
often  sees  on  the  neck  of  Egyptian  mummies.  But  instead  of  being  adorned  with  hieroglyphics  the  sarcophagus 
discovered  by  Peretie  bears  along  its  whole  height  an  inscription  in  twenty-two  lines,  written  in  Phoenician  char- 
acters, well  preserved  and  written  with  especial  care  to  avoid  confusing  letters  somewhat  similar  in  form.  As  in 
most  Phoenician  inscriptions  the  words  are  not  separated,  and  this  continuity  is  the  only  real  obstacle  to  a  certain 
translation. 

The  dimensions  of  the  coffin  are  2  m.  45  cm.  by  1  m.  40  cm.,  (about  8  feet  2  in.  by  4  feet  4  in.)  and  the 
inscription  which  covers  it  occupies  a  square  of  84  cm.  on  each  side.  Another  inscription  is  found  around  the 
head  of  the  body  at  the  exterior  extremity  of  the  sarcophagus  which  is,  however,  simply  a  reproduction  of  a  part 
of  the  first  inscription. 

The  inscription  is  that  of  King  Esmunazar  of  Sidon,  and  is  the  most  important  Phoenician  inscription  yet 
found.  Whereas  the  Phoenician  inscriptions  found  hitherto  were  in  the  Phoenician  colonies,  this  one  belonged  to 
the  mother  country.  Its  importance  lies  not  only  in  the  fact  that  it  definitely  proves  the  Phoenician  language  to 
have  been  almost  identical  with  the  Hebrew,  but  it  also,  more  than  any  other,  gives  us  an  insight  into  the  religious 
views  of  the  Phoenicians  and  the  political  institutions  of  Sidon. 

It  is  a  funeral  inscription  in  which  Esmunazar,  King  of  Sidon,  about  572  B.  C,  adjures  all  persons,  under 
pain  of  eternal  damnation,  not  to  disturb  his  "bed  of  rest." 


TRANSLATION 

In  the  month  of  Bui  (October),  in  the  fourteenth  year  of  his  reign — of  King  Esmunazar,  King  of  the 
Sidonians,  son  of  King  Tebnet,  King  of  the  Sidonians — spoke  King  Esmunazar,  King  of  the  Sidonians,  as  follows: 
I  have  been  taken  away  before  my  time,  a  small  number  of  days  old.  With  this  my  highness  is  at  an  end.  I  lie 
dead  in  this  coffin  and  in  this  grave  in  the  place  which  I  have  built.  I  adjure  every  royal  person  and  every  man — 
that  he  open  not  this  bed  of  rest,  or  search  in  it  precious  things,  for  there  lie  no  precious  things  in  it;  that  he 
remove  not  my  sarcophagus,  or  put  me  into  another  bed  of  rest.  Even  if  people  induce  you  listen  not  to  them; 
for  every  royal  person  and  every  man  who  opens  the  lid  of  this  coffin  or  who  takes  my  coffin  away  or  who  removes 
:ne  who  am  in  this  coffin — may  he  have  no  funeral  bed  among  the  shades;  may  they  be  buried  in  no  grave;  may  they 
leave  after  them  neither  sons  nor  posterity.  May  the.  holy  gods  deliver  them  to  a  violent  ruler,  who  shall  have 
power  over  them  to  destroy  them.  Concerning  same  royal  person  or  (private)  man  who  opens  the  lid  of  this 
funeral  bed,  or  who  removes  this  coffin;  and  concerning  the  offspring  of  same  royal  person  or  (private)  people — - 
may  they  have  neither  root  below,  nor  fruit  above,  nor  form  in  life  under  the  sun.  Yea,  I,  deserving  of  pity, 
have  been  taken  away  before  my  time,  of  a  limited  number  of  days.  Now  my  highness  with  this  is  at  an  end.  I  am 
dead.  Namely  I,  Esmunazar,  King  of  the  Sidonians,  son  of  Tebnet,  King  of  the  Sidonians,  grandson  of  Esmu- 
nazar, King  of  the  Sidonians,  and  my  mother  Amaastart,  Priestess  of  our  Lady  Astarte,  the  queen  daughter  of 
King  Esmunazar,  King  of  the  Sidonians — we  who  have  built  the  temples  of  the  gods,  the  temple  of  Astarte  in 
Sidon,  land  of  the  sea,  and  have  given  a  dwelling  to  Astarte  as  the  highest  person;  and  it  was  we  who  have 
built  a  temple  for  Esmun  near  the  source,  the  spring  of  Idll  in  the  mountains,  and  have  given  him  a  habitation 
as  the  highest  person ;  and  it  was  we  who  built  (again)  temples  for  the  gods  of  the  Sidonians  in  Sidon,  city  of  the 
sea — a  temple  of  Baal  Sidon  and  a  temple  of  Astarte  of  the  name  of  Baal.  And  further: — the  Lord  of  Kings 
gave  us  Dor  and  Joppa — the  lordly  lands  of  grain,  which  lie  in  the  field  of  Saron,  in  recompense  for  a  great  tribute 
which  I  have  offered ;  and  we  added  them  to  the  domain  of  the  land  to  belong  to  the  Sidonians  forever. 

I  adjure,  every  royal  person  and  every  (private)  man,  neither  to  open  the  lid,  nor  to  tear  off  the  lid  nor  to 
remove  me  who  am  in  the  funeral  bed,  nor  to  remove  my  sarcophagus,  in  order  that  those  holy  gods  may  not 
deliver  them  up,  so  that  the  same  royal  person  or  (private)  man  and  their  posterity  be  destroyed  forever. 


SARCOPHAGUS  OF  THE  KING  OF  SIDON 

The  inscription  on  the  sarcophagus  of  King  Esmunazar  is  translated  into 
English  and  appears,  with  description  of  the  coffin  in  which  the  royal  remains  were 
found,  on  the  accompanying  tissue  title-page.  Observe,  that  while  the  sarcopha- 
gus is  distinctively  Egyptian,  the  inscription  is  Phoenician,  thus  marking  tho 
affinity  of  the  two  races  and  illustrating,  in  a  way  the  evolution,  in  writing,  of  the 
latter  from  the  former. 


- 


-    *  I 


HOW  HE  SUBDUED  THE 
ENEMIES  OF  EGYPT 


he  commanded  also  concerning  the  priests  that  they  should  give  nothing  more  for  graduation  fee 
than  was  imposed  up  to  the  first  year  in  his  father's  reign ;  he  released  also  those  of  the  sacred  tribes 
of  the  voyage  yearly  down  to  Alexandria,  also  he  ordered  the  collection  of  naval  supplies  not  to  be 
made ;  of  the  contribution  of  fine  linen  cloth  made  in  the  temples  for  the  royal  palace,  he  remitted 
two-thirds;  what  had  been  neglected  in  former  times  he  restored  to  proper  order,  taking  care  that 
what  was  accustomed  should  be  performed  for  the  gods  as  was  fitting;  likewise  also  he  allotted 
justice  to  all  as  Hermes  the  twice  great;  he  ordered  also  that  those  who  returned,  both  of  the  soldiers 
and  others  of  the  opposition  in  the  times  of  the  disturbance,  on  coming  back  be  kept  in  possession 
of  their  property;  he  took  care  also  that  there  should  go  out  forces,  of  horse  and  foot  and  ships, 
against  those  invading  Egypt  both  by  sea  and  land,  undergoing  great  expenses,  both  of  money  and 
provisions,  that  the  temples  and  all  the  people  of  Egypt  might  be  in  safety;  being  present  also  at 
Lycopolis  in  Busiris,  which  had  been  taken  and  fortified  against  a  siege  by  a  very  abundant  supply 
of  arms  and  all  other  munition,  since  for  a  long  time  the  rebellion  had  existed  among  those  impious 
ones  gathered  there,  who  had  done  to  the  temples  and  the  inhabitants  of  Egypt  much  evil,  and 
laying  siege  to  it,  he  surrounded  it  with  embankments  and  ditches  and  walls  very  remarkable;  the 
great  rise  which  the  Nile  made  in  the  eighth  year  (and  it  was  accustomed  to  flood  the  plains),  he 
restrained  at  many  places,  securing  the  mouths  of  the  canals,  expending  on  these  of  money  no 
small  amount,  and  stationing  horse  and  foot  soldiers  to  guard  them;  in  a  little  time  he  took  the 
city  by  storm,  and  all  the  impious  in  it  he  destroyed  as  Hermes,  and  Horus  the  son  of  Isis  and 

Osiris,  overpowered  those  who  in  the  same  parts  had  revolted 
in  former  times;  the  ringleaders  also  of  the  revolters  in  his 
father's  reign  who  had  troubled  the  country  and  outraged  the 
temples,  being  at  Memphis  the  avenger  of  his  father  and  of 
his  own  crown,  all  these  he  punished  justly,  at  the  time  when  he  was  there  for  his  performance 
of  the  rites  proper  for  the  reception  of  the  crown :  he  remitted  also  the  debts  owed  in  the 
temples  to  the  palace  up  to  the  eighth  year,  amounting  to  no  small  quantity  of  provisions 
and  money;  likewise  also  the  value  of  the  linen  cloths  due  which  had  not  been  given  in  to 
the  palace;  and,  of  those  which  had  been  given  in,  the  replacement  of  such  as  differed  from  the 
pattern  up  to  the  same  date;  he  released  the  temples  also  of  the  appointed  artaba  per  aroura 
of  the  sacred  land,  and  in  like  manner  as  to  the  ceramium  per  aroura  of  the  vineyards ;  to  Apis 
and  Mneris  he  made  many  gifts,  as  also  to  the  other  sacred  animals  of  Egypt,  having  much 
better  care  than  the  kings  before  him  for  what  belonged  to  them  in  all  respects,  and  giving  bounti- 
fully and  nobly  what  was  proper  for  their  funerals  with  the  dues  for  the  support  of  their  respective 
worships  with  sacrifices  and  panagyries  and  the  other  usual  rites.  The  prerogatives  of  the  temples 
and  of  Egypt  he  has  carefully  kept  upon  the  same  basis  agreeably  to  the  laws ;  he  has  adorned  the 
Apieum  with  costly  works  expending  upon  it  of  gold  and  silver  and  precious  stones  no  small  amount, 
and  has  founded  temples  and  shrines  and  altars;  what  had  need  of  repair  he  restored,  having  the 
disposition  of  a  beneficent  god  in  what  concerns  the  divinity;  learning  by  means  of  additional 
enquiry  their  state  he  has  restored  the  most  honored  of  the  temples;  in  return  for  which  the  gods 
have  given  him  health,  victory,  strength,  and  all  other  good  things,  the  kingdom  being  assured  to 
him  and  his  children  to  all  time. 

With  good  fortune:  It  has  seemed  good  to  the  priests  of  all  the  temples  of  the  land  to  decree 
to  augment  greatly  all  honors  now  paid  to  the  ever-living  King  Ptolemy,  beloved  of  Phtha,  god 
Epiphanes  Eucharistus,  and  likewise  those  of  his  ancestors  the  gods  Philopators  and  of  his  ancestors 
gods  Evergetae  and  of  the  gods  Adelphi,  and  those  of  the  gods  Soters,  to  erect  of  the  ever-living 
King  Ptolemy,  god  Epiphanes  Eucharistus,  an  image  in  each  temple  in  the  most  conspicuous  place; 
which  shall  be  entitled  "  Ptolemy  the  defender  of  Egypt,"  near  which  shall  stand  the  god  to  whom 
the  temple  belongs,  presenting  to  him  a  conquering  weapon,  which  arrangements  will  be  made  in 
the  manner  of  the  Egyptians;  also  for  the  priests  to  perform  a  service  before  these  images  three 
times  each  day,  and  put  on  them  the  sacred  adorning,  and  perform  the  other  accustomed  rites, 
as  to  the  other  gods  in  the  panagyries  of  Egypt ;  to  set  up  for  King  Ptolemy,  god  Epiphanes  Eucha- 


ristus,  offspring  of  King  Ptolemy  and  Queen  Arsinoe,  god6  Philopators,  a  statue  and  a  shrine,  both 
gilded  in  each  of  the  temples,  and  to  place  this  in  the  sanctuaries  with  the  other  shrines,  and  in  the 
great  panagyries  in  which  processions  of  the  shrines  take  place,  for  the  shrine  of  the  god  Epiphanes 
Eucharistus  to  go  out  with  them ;  that  it  may  be  well  marked  both  now  and  for  future  time,  to  place 
upon  the  shrine  the  ten  golden  ornaments  of  the  king  to  which  shall  be  affixed  an  asp,  similar  to 
the  adorning  of  asp-like  ornaments  which  are  upon  the  other  shrines  in  the  midst  of  which  shall  be 
the  crown  called  "  Schent"  which  he  wore  when  he  entered  the  temple  at  Memphis  for  the  perform- 
ance in  it  of  the  rites  proper  for  the  assumption  of  the  crown ;  to  place  upon  the  platform  of  the 
ornaments  about  the  aforesaid  crown  ten  golden  phylacteries  on  which  shall  be  written  "this  is 

(the  shrine)  of  the   king  who  made  illustrious  both  the  upper 


0RD3R  FOR  PERIODICALLY 

CELEBRATING 

THE  KING'S  VICTORIES 


country  and  the  lower;"  and  since  the  thirtieth  of  Mesore  in 
which  the  birthday  festivities  of  the  king  are  celebrated,  and 
in  like  manner  the  seventeenth  of  Mechir,  in  which  he  received 
the  kingdom  from  his  father,  have  been  named  after  him  in 
the  temples,  which  certainly  are  harbingers  of  much  good  to  all,  to  celebrate  these  days  (the 
seventeenth  and  thirtieth)  feasts  and  panagyries  in  the  temples  of  Egypt  monthly,  and  to  per- 
form in  them  sacrifices  and  libations  and  what  else  is  proper,  as  in  the  other  panagyries;  to 
give  the  usual  public  notices  to  all  for  what  is  to  be  offered  in  the  temples;  to  celebrate  a  feast  and 
a  panagyry  to  the  ever-living  and  beloved  of  Phtha,  King  Ptolemy,  god  Epiphanes  Eucharistus, 
each  year  in  the  temples  throughout  the  land,  from  the  new  moon  of  the  Thoth  for  five  days,  in 
which  also  they  shall  wear  garlands,  performing  sacrifices  and  libations  and  what  else  is  proper; 
to  call  the  priests  of  the  temples  of  the  land,  also  priests  of  the  god  Epiphanes  Eucharistus,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  other  names  which  they  had  from  the  gods  whom  they  serve,  and  to  inscribe  on  all  their 
documents  and  on,  the  seal-rings  on  their  hands  their  priesthood  to  him;  that  it  be  lawful  to  the 
rest,  private  person  to  celebrate  the  feast  and  set  up  the  aforesaid  shrine  having  it  in  their  houses, 
performing  what  is  right  in  the  feasts  both  monthly  and  yearly,  in  order  that  it  may  be  known  why 
the  people  of  Egypt  magnify  and  honor  the  god  Epiphanes  Eucharistus  the  king  as  is  just,  to  write 
this  decree  upon  a  column  of  hard  stone  in  sacred  and  enchorial  and  Greek  letters  and  place  it  in 
each  of  the  temples  of  the  first,  second  and  third  order  near  the  image  of  the  ever-living  king. 


GUDEA,  KING  OF  SHIRPURLA 

The  statues  of  Gudea  belong  to  the  monuments  of  Telloh  discovered  by  excavations  conducted 
under  the  superintendence  of  Ernest  de  Sarzec,  French  consul  at  Bagdad,  1877-1882.  It  is  of 
Gudea  that  the  larger  and  more  important  part  of  the  monuments  of  Telloh  preserve  the  memory: 
eight  statues,  two  large  cylinders  of  clay,  and  hundreds  of  fragments  or  small  texts — now  in  the 
Louvre.  Gudea  was  king  of  Shirpurla,  the  modern  Telloh,  in  Southern  Babylonia,  about  B.  C.  3 100. 
This  statue — one  of  eight — is  designated  B,  and  is  covered  all  around  with  cuneiform  inscriptions. 
The  plate  represents  the  right  profile  of  the  statue,  with  part  of  the  inscription.  The  translation 
of  the  whole  is  as  follows : 

In  the  temple  of  the  god  Nin-girsu,  his  king,  the  statue  of  Gudea,  the  patesi  of  Shirpurla,  who 

'the  temple  Eninnu  has  constructed:    1  qa  of  fermented  liquor,  1  qa  of  food,  half  a  qa  of 

half  a  qa  of  .  .  .  .  such  are  the  offerings  which  it  institutes. 
As  for  the  patesi  who  shall  revoke  them,  who  the  orders  of  the 
god  Nin-girsu  shall  transgress,  let  the  offerings  instituted  by 
him  in  the  temple  of  the  god  Nin-girsu  be  revoked!  Let  the 
commands  of  his  mouth  be  annulled! 

To  the  god  Nin-girsu,  the  powerful  warrior  of  the  god  Ellilla,  Gudea  the  architect  (?)  the  patesi 
of  Shirpurla,  the  shepherd  chosen  by  the  unchangeable  will  of  the  god  Nin-girsu,  regarded  with  a 

■H 


TRANSLATION  OF  THE 
CUNEIFORM  INSCRIPTION 


A  Very  Ancient  Cuneiform 
Inscription 


Next  to  the  hieroglyphic  characters 
peculiar  to  Egypt,  the  cuneiform  style  of 
writing  is  probably  the  most  ancient,  of 
which  any  decipherable  specimens  have 
been  found.  The  inscription  on  the  statue 
of  Gudea,  one  of  the  Kings  of  Southern 
Babylonia,  is  a  splendid  example  of  the 
characters  used  by  the  ancient  and  power- 
ful Babylonians,  who  arrived  at  a  consider- 
able state  of  civilization  and  literary 
culture  more  than  five  thousand  years  ago, 
which  carries  us  back,  according  to  Bible 
chronology,  to  almost  the  time  of  Noah. 


STATUE  OF  GUDEA,  KING  OF  SHIRPURLA. 

Gudea  was  a  king  of  Southern  Babylonia,  about  B.C.  3100,  and  the  cuneiform  inscription  on  his  statue  is  there- 
fore one  of  the  oldest  that  has  been  discovered.  The  inscription,  which  is  of  great  length,  appeals  to  the  gods  of 
Babylonia,  as  witnesses  to  the  justice  of  Gudea's  rulership. 


f 


■ 
■ 

■   1 
■ 

'  ■ 

1 

favorable  eye  by  the  goddess  Nina,  dowered  with  power  by  the  god  Nindara,  covered  with  renown 
by  the  goddess  Bau,  the  offspring  of  the  goddess  Gutumdug,  dowered  with  sovereignty  and  the 
sceptre  supreme  by  the  god  Galalim,  proclaimed  afar  among  living  creatures  by  the  god  Dunshaga, 
whose  primacy  has  been  firmly  founded  by  the  god  Ningish-zida  his  god.  After  that  the  god  Nin- 
girsu  had  turned  towards  his  city  a  favorable  gaze  (and)  Gudea  had  chosen  as  the  faithful  shepherd 
of  the  country  (and)  among  the  divisions  (?)  of  men  had  established  his  power,  then  he  purified  the 
city  and  cleansed  it ;  he  has  laid  the  foundations  (of  a  temple)  and  deposited  the  foundation-cylinder. 
The  adorers  of  the  demons  (?),  the  evokers  of  spirits  (?),  the  necromancers  (?),  the  prophetesses 
of  divine  decrees  (?)  he  has  banished  from  the  city.  Whoever  has  not  departed  obediently,  has 
been  expelled  perforce  by  the  warriors.  The  temple  of  the  god  Nin-girsu  in  all  respects  in  a  pure 
place  he  has  constructed.  No  tomb  has  been  destroyed  (?),  no  sepulchral  urn  has  been  broken  (?), 
no  son  has  ill-treated  his  mother.  The  ministers,  the  judges,  the  doctors,  the  chiefs,  during  the 
execution  of  this  work  have  worn  garments  of  ....(?).  During  all  the  time  (of  its  construction) 
in  the  cemetery  of  the  city  no  ditch  has  been  excavated  (?);  no  corpse  has  been  interred  (?).  The 
Kalu  (a  class  of  priests)  has  performed  his  funeral  music  or  uttered  his  lamentations;  the  female 
mourner  has  not  caused  her  lamentations  to  be  heard.  On  the  territory  of  Shirpurla  a  man  at 
variance  (with  his  neighbor)  to  the  place  of  oath  (court  of  justice)  has  taken  no  one;  a  brigand 
has  entered  the  house  of  no  one.     For  the  god  Nin-girsu  his  king  (Gudea)  has  made  the  dedicatory 

inscriptions    ( ?) ;     his   temple    Eninnu    which    illuminates    the 


THE  TEMPLES  CONSTRUCTED 
BY  GUDEA 


darkness  (?),  he  has  constructed  and  reinstated.  In  the 
interior  (of  the  temple)  his  favorite  Gigunu  of  cedar  wood  he 
has  constructed  for  him.  After  that  the  temple  of  the  god 
Nin-girsu  he  has  had  constructed,  the  god  Nin-girsu,  the  king  beloved  by  him,  from  the  sea  of 
the  Highlands  (Elam)  to  the  lower  sea  has  forcefully  opened  (the  ways)  for  him.  In  Amanum, 
the  mountain  of  Cedars,  [joists]  of  cedar,  whosr  [length]  was  seventy  spans,  [and  joists]  of  cedar 
whose  [length  was]  50  spans,  [and  joists]  of  box  (?)  whose  length  was  25  spans,  he  has  caused  to 
be  cut;  from  this  mountain  he  has  caused  them  to  be  brought.  The  ....  he  has  made. 
The  ....  he  has  made.  The  ....  he  has  made.  The  ....  he  has  made.  As  for  the 
cedars  (some)  to  form  great  gates  he  has  employed;  with  brilliant  ornaments  he  has 
enriched  them  ( ?)  and  in  the  temple  Eninnu  he  has  placed  them.  (Others)  in  his  sanctuary 
E-magh-ki-a-sig-de-da  he  has  used  as  beams.  Near  the  city  of  Ursu,  in  the  mountains  of  Ibla 
joists  of  Zabanum  trees,  of  great  shaku  trees,  of  tulubum  trees,  and  of  gin  trees,  he  has  caused  to 
be  cut;  in  the  temple  of  Eninnu  he  has  caused  them  to  be  used  as  beams.  From  Shamanum  in 
the  mountains  of  Menua,  from  Susalla  (?)  in  the  mountains  of  Martu,  nagal  stones  he  has  caused 
to  be  brought;  in  slabs  he  has  caused  them  to  be  cut;  the  Holy  of  Holies  in  the  temple  Eninnu, 
he  has  constructed  of  them.  From  Tidanum  in  the  mountains  of  Martu  shirgal-ghabbia  stones 
he  has  caused  to  be  conveyed;  in  the  form  of  urpadda  he  has  caused  them  to  be  cut;  to  (receive) 
the  bars  of  the  gates  in  the  temple  he  has  arranged  them.  From  the  country  of  Kagal-adda-ki 
in  the  mountains  of  Kimash  I  caused  copper  to  be  taken,  to  make  the  arm  (?)  from  which  one 
escapes  not  he  has  employed  it.  From  the  country  of  Melughgha  kala  trees  he  has  imported;  he 
has  caused  to  be  made.  From  Kilzanim  he  has  imported;  to  make  the  arm  (?)....  he  has 
employed  it.  Gold-dust  from  the  mountains  of  Ghaghum  he  has  imported;  for  the  fabrication 
of  the  arm  (?)  .  .  .he  has  utilized  it.  Gold-dust  from  the  mountains  of  Melughgha  he  has  im- 
ported, to  make  the  Emartu  he  has  employed  it.  Lidri  (?)  he  has  imported.  From  the  country 
of  Gubin,  the  land  of  the  ghaluku  trees,  ghaluku  wood  he  has  imported;  to  make  pillars  he  has 
employed  it.  From  the  country  of  Madga  in  the  mountains  of  the  river  Gurruda  bitumen  (?) 
he  has  imported;  the  platform  of  the  temple  Eninnu  he  has  constructed.  Imghaum  he  has  im- 
ported. From  the  mountains  of  Barsip  nalua  stones  in  large  boats  he  caused  to  be  brought;  the 
foundation  of  the  temple  Eninnu  he  has  encircled  with  them.  By  arms  the  city  of  Anshan  in 
the  country  of  Elam  he  has  conquered;  its  spoils  to  the  god  Nin-girsu  in  the  temple  Eninnu  he 
has  consecrated.     Gudea,  the  patesi  of  Shirpurla,  after  that  the  temple  Eninnu  to  the  god  Nin- 

•      1    '    ttii 


GUDEA  EXTOLS  HIS  RULE 
AS  ONE  OF  EXACT  JUSTICE 


girsu  he  had  constructed,  has  built  an  edifice :  a  pillared  ( ?)  temple  no  patesi  for  the  god  Nin-girsu 
had  constructed;  he  has  constructed  it  for  him.  He  has  written  there  his  name;  he  has  made 
dedicatory  inscriptions  (?).  The  orders  of  the  mouth  of  the  god  Nin-girsu  he  has  faithfully  exe- 
cuted. From  the  mountains  of  the  country  of  Magan  a  hard  stone  he  has  imported.  For  his 
statue  he  has  caused  it  to  be  cut.  "O  my  king,  whose  temple  I  have  built,  may  life  be  my  recom- 
pense!" By  this  name  he  has  named  (the  statue),  and  in  the  temple  Eninnu  he  has  erected  it. 
Gudea  unto  the  statue  has  given  command:  "To  the  statue  of  my  king  speak!"  After  that  the 
temple  Eninnu,  his  favorite  temple  I  had  constructed,  I  have  remitted  penalties,  I  have  given 
presents.     During  seven  days  obeisance  has  not  been  exacted;    the  female  slave  has  been  made 

the  equal  of  her  mistress;  the  male  slave  has  been  made 
the  equal  of  his  master;  in  my  city  the  chief  of  his  subject 
has  been  made  the  equal.  All  that  is  evil  from  this  temple 
I  have  removed.  Over  the  commands  of  the  goddess  Nina 
and  the  god  Nin-girsu  I  have  carefully  watched.  A  fault  (?)  the  rich  man  has  not  com- 
mitted; all  that  he  has  desired  (?)  the  strong  man  has  not  done.  The  house  where  there 
was  no  son,  it  is  its  daughter,  who  new  offerings  (?)  has  consecrated;  for  the  statue  of 
the  god  before  the  mouth  she  has  placed  them.  Of  this  statue,  neither  in  silver  nor  in 
alabaster  nor  in  copper  nor  in  tin  nor  in  bronze  let  any  one  undertake  the  execution !  Let 
it  be  of  hard  stone !  let  a  sacristy  be  established,  and  of  all  that  shall  be  brought  there  let  nothing 
be  destroyed!  The  statue  which  is  before  thee,  0  god  Nin-girsu,  the  statue  of  Gudea,  the  patesi 
of  Shirpurla,  who  the  temple  Eninnu  of  the  god  Nin-girsu  has  constructed,  whosoever  from  the 
temple  Eninnu  shall  remove  (or)  its  inscription  shall  efface ;  whosoever  shall  break  it,  on  the  fortu- 
nate day  of  the  commencement  of  the  year,  whoever  in  the  place  of  my  god,  his  god — and  it  is 
Nin-girsu  who  is  my  king — in  the  country  shall  invoke;  (whoever)  my  judgments  shall  transgress, 
my  gifts  shall  revoke ;  whoever  in  the  recitation  of  my  prayers  shall  suppress  my  name  and  insert 
his  own ;  (whoever)  of  the  Holy  of  Holies  of  the  god  Nin-girsu,  my  king,  shall  abandon  the  service  ( ?) 
and  shall  not  keep  it  (ever)  before  his  eyes ; — from  the  most  distant  days,  of  all  men  of  noble  race ; 
of  the  patesis  of  Shirpurla  who  the  temple  Eninnu  of  the  god  Nin-girsu,  my  king  have  constructed, 
and  who  have  made  dedicatory  inscriptions  (?),  the  words  of  their  mouth  let  no  one  change  nor 
trangress  their  judgments!  Of  Gudea,  the  patesi  of  Shirpurla,  whoever  shall  change  his  words 
or  transgress  his  judgments,  may  the  god  Anna,  may  the  god  Ellilla,  may  the  goddess  Nin-gharsagt 
may  the  god  Enki,  whose  word  is  unchangeable;  may  the  god  Enzu,  whose  name  none  pronounces; 

may  the  god  Nin-girsu,  the  king  of  weapons;  may  the  goddess 


THE  KING'S  ANATHEMA 

AGAINST  DESPOILERS  OF  HIS 

TOMB 


Nina,  the  mistress  of  interpretations;  may  the  god  Nindara,  the 
royal  warrior;  may  the  mother  of  Shirpurla,  the  august  goddess 
Gatumdug;  may  the  goddess  Bau,  the  lady,  the  elder  daughter 
of  Anna;  may  the  goddess  Ninni,  the  lady  of  battles;  may  the 
god  Babbar,  the  king  of  abundance  ( ?) ;  may  the  god  Pasag,  the  masterworkman  of  men ;  may 
the  god  Galalima,  may  the  god  Dunshagana,  may  the  goddess  Nin-marki,  the  eldest  daughter 
of  the  goddess  Nina;  may  the  goddess  Duzi-abzu,  the  mistress  of  Kinunir-ki;  may  my  god 
Nin-gishzida,  change  his  destiny!  Like  an  ox,  may  he  be  slain  in  the  midst  of  his  prosperity! 
Like  a  wild  bull  may  he  be  felled  in  the  plenitude  of  his  strength!  As  for  his  throne,  may  those 
even  whom  he  has  reduced  to  captivity  overthrow  it  in  the  dust!  To  efface  its  traces  (?),  even 
of  its  memory  (?),  may  they  apply  their  care!  his  name,  in  the  temple  of  his  god  may  they  efface 
from  the  tablets!  May  his  god  for  the  ruin  of  the  country  have  no  look  (of  pity)!  May  he  ravage 
it  with  rains  from  heaven!  May  he  ravage  it  with  the  waters  of  the  earth!  May  he  become  a 
man  without  a  name !  May  his  princely  race  be  reduced  to  subjection !  May  this  man,  like  every 
man  who  has  acted  evilly  towards  his  chief,  afar,  under  the  vault  of  heaven,  in  no  city  whatsoever 
find  a  habitation!  Of  the  champion  of  the  gods,  the  Lord  Nin-girsu,  the  greatness  may  the  people 
proclaiml 

ziT 


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ma 


HITTITE    INSCRIPTIONS 


"A  considerable  number  of  Hittite  monuments  have  been  found,  which  help  us  to  a  clearer  understanding 
of  the  history  of  this  people  than  we  could  get  from  Biblical,  Egyptian,  and  cuneiform  data  alone.  At  Carchemish 
and  Hamath  have  been  unearthed  remains  of  sculptures  accompanied  by  inscriptions,  and  elsewhere  in  this 
region,  as  at  Zenjirli,  there  are  abundant  traces  of  Hittite  art.  Thanks  to  the  researches  of  Jensen,  it  may  now 
be  regarded  as  certain  that  the  inscriptions  cover  the  period  1200-800  B.  C.  It  is  fair  to  presume  that  the  lan- 
guage of  all  the  so-called  Hittite  inscriptions  is  the  same,  although  it  may  be  added  that  several  styles  of  Hittite 
characters  may  be  distinguished,  some  being  pictorial,  others  branching  off  into  conventional  forms,  with  a  strong 
tendency  towards  becoming  linear.  The  decipherment  of  the  Hittite  inscriptions  which  would  throw  so  much 
needed  light  on  the  ethnic  problems  is  now  being  vigorously  prosecuted.  After  several  attempts  on  the  part  of 
Sayce,  Peiser,  and  Halevy,  which  constituted  an  opening  wedge,  Jensen  has  recently  struck  a  new  path  which  gives 
promise  of  leading,  ere  long,  to  a  satisfactory  solution  of  the  mystery.  He  has  identified  ideographs  and  sign 
groups  for  the  names  of  countries  and  gods,  some  of  which  appear  to  be  established  beyond  reasonable  doubt. 
So  far  as  Jensen's  decipherment  has  gone,  the  inscriptions— some  thirty  in  all — contain  little  beyond  the  names 
and  titles  of  rulers,  lands,  and  gods,  with  brief  indication  of  conquests.  The  Hittite  script  appears  to  have  been 
taken  over  from  the  Egyptian  hieroglyphics,  though  it  seems  also  certain  that  it  contains  elements  which  are 
either  original  or  derived  from  some  source  that  is  still  unknown.  " 

The  plate  represents  one  of  the  stones  found  in  Jerabis,  or  Carchemish.  These  stones  are  now  in  the  British 
Museum,  and  we  are  indebted  for  them  to  George  Smith  and  Consul  Henderson.  They  arc  among  the  best 
specimens  of  Hittite  inscriptions  yet  found.  According  to  Jensen,  their  date  is  between  950  and  750  B.  C.  There 
are  four  columns  of  inscription  on  the  stone,  only  two  of  which  are  represented  in  the  fac-simile. 

Following  is  an  attempt  made  by  Peter  Jensen  to  decipher  the  inscription : 

I  am  -[  ]-z-s  (name)  of  Carchemish  the  powerful,  the  king,  the  king,  the  P,  the  prince  of  the  land,  the  priest- 
king  (?)  the  ....  z-T one  of  the  land,  of  Carchemish,  the  powerful,  the  king one  of  the  land 

of  Carchemish,  the  powerful,  of  the  king,  ,   ...  ot  a  ....  a  ...  .  son  .   .   . 


HIMYARITIC    INSCRIPTION    OF    HADAKAN 

Himyaritic  or  Sabaean  is  a  name  applied  to  the  former  people  of  southwestern  Arabia,  or  Yemen,  and  to  the 
remains  of  their  civilization,  consisting  of  extensive  ruins,  with  numerous  inscriptions  (the  oldest  from  long 
before  our  era).     The  language  belongs  to  the  Arabic  division  of  the  West  Semitic  group,  and  has  its  in 
relative  in  the  idiom  of  the  central  and  north  Arabian  Bedouins,  r;  a  literary  language  by  Mohammed, 

but  especially  is  the  Ethiopic  nearly  related  to  it. 

The  present  inscription  was  found  by  Eduard  Glaser  (who  made  four  journeys  to  the  East  in  the  years  1885-86, 
1887-88,  and  1892-04  [?]  and  brought  back  over  a  thousand  inscriptions)  in  Yemen,  South  Arabia,  in  a  village 
called  Hadakan,  near  an  estate  now  called  Bait  Mukbil  Dugaish.  The  stone  is  kept  in  the  royal  museum  of 
Berlin.  It  is  92  om.. (origin ally  94  cm.,  about  2  feet  6  in.)  wide  and  41  cm.  high  (about  14  in).  When  found  it 
was  walled  into  a  recent  building,  and  when  taken  out  the  left  edge  and  lower  part  were  gone.  Eight  lines  are 
almost  complete  and  a  few  obliterated  traces  of  the  ninth. 

It  is  a  dedicatory  inscription  in  which  the  devotee  declares  that  he  dedicates  to  Talab  his  own  person  and 
his  children  and  all  his  possessions.  The  reason  for  his  action  was  probably  contained  in  that  part  of  the  inscrip- 
tion which  is  missing. 

TRAXSLATIO.X 

Juhain  du  bin,  son  of  Jasmail,  son  of  Sumhukarib,  king  of  the  tribe  of  Sama,  dedicated  to  Talab  at  Zabjan 
his  own  person  and  his  sons  Zaid  and  Zaidil  and  all  his  children  and  his  personal  property,  and  his  castle  Jand 
and  his  estates  Talik,  and  all  his  possessions  and  the  possessions  of  his  father  Jasmail,  and  the  possessions  and 
the  pastures  and  the  coastland  and  the  castles  and  the  estates  of  the  heritage  of  the  ancestor  of  both  of  them — 
Sumhuafaq,  son  of  Sumhujafa,  king  of  the  tribe  of  Sama,  together  with  the  precinct*  and  the  city;  and  his  pasture 
land  Naman  which  has  been  cultivated  and  presented  to  Juhain  by  the  Amu  (a  priestly  officer  [?]  )  of  Bakr  and 
Hauffatt  and  Himmatatt  and  Hautaratt  and  by  the  Amu  of  Hautaratt  and  ArriusafaCj  and  Juhain  and  Amm 
Sama  and  Gan  and  Zirr  and  their  brothers,  the  sons  of  Rviban;  and  his  land  Sumhuali  in  the  neighborhood  of 
the  Wady  of  Hadakan  which  was  acquired  and  founded  by  the  Amu  of  Atnmsafaq,  son  of  Sariw,  prince  of  Jursim; 
and  his  land  Dat-Daah  and  the  sacred  houses  which  he  built  there,  with  the  gifts  given  by  his  fathers  and  his 
uncles,  the  princes  of  Juhajbib,  to  whom  they  had  Seen  presented  by  the  kings  of  Marjab  and  the  tribe  Sama — 
namely  the  battlefield  (?)  of  the  land  Du-Daah;  and  by  means  of  the  gifts  presented  to  him  by  Karibail  Watar, 
king  of  Saba,  and  by  means  of  the  gifts  and  presents  which  the  tribe  Sama  presented  to  him,  and  by  means  of 
the  gifts  and  thankofferings  which  were  made  by  Jatakarib  son  of  Parahel.  son  of  Tuhafri  of  Ahranan,  and  his 
lar.d  Hais 


SPECIMEN  OF  HITTITE  PICTURE  WRITING. 

The  Hittite  race,  or  tribe,  has  been  an  unsolved  problem  with 
ethnologists — whence  they  came,  whither  departed, — the  most  we 
have  been  able  to  learn  being  derived  from  the  Scriptures.  The 
illustration  above  shows  part  of  a  monument  found  in  Arabia,  par- 
ticularly described  and  the  inscription  deciphered  in  the  accom- 
panying tissue  title-page. 


HIMYARITIC  INSCRIPTIONS.        U  N 

The  example  of  Himyaritic  inscription  exhibited  above  is  of 
particular  interest  to  students  of  language  development  in  that  it 
represents,  apparently,  a  transition  from  Ethiopic  to  Astatic  charac- 
ter writing,  probably  five  hundred  or  more  years  before  the 
Christian  era.  See  description  and  decipherment  on  the 
title-page  herewith. 


i  i;  U 


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12.  University  of  Chicago    .    .   .  Founded  1891 

13.  University  of  California  .    .  Founded  1868 

14.  Washington  and  Lee  Univ.  .  Founded  1782 

15.  Leland  Stanford  University  Founded  1891 

16.  Johns  Hopkins  University    .  Founded  1876 

17.  University  of  Wisconsin    .   .  Founded  1848 

18.  University  of   Minnesota  .    .  Founded  1868 

19.  University  of  Nebraska     .    .  Founded  1869 

20.  Northwestern  University     .  Founded  1851 

21.  Brown  University Founded  1764 

22.  Syracuse  University     ....  Founded  1870 


\  0  .VI 

,1.1/.  l> 


— » 


Seals  of  Colleges  and  Universities. 

M 

PLATE  3. 

23.  Annapolis  Naval  Academy   .   .  Establishea  1845 

24.  Wesleyan   University Founded  183 1 

25.  West  Point  Military  Academy  Established  1802 
26  Dartmouth   College Founded  1770 

27.  Lafayette  College Founded  1832 

28.  Toronto  University Founded  1829 

29.  Amherst  College Founded  1821 

30.  Williams  College Founded  1793 

31.  Vassar  College Founded  1861 

32.  Lehigh  University Founded  1865 

33.  Smith  College Founded  1871 


m 


is 


ill 

t       *  FOUNDED  BY/ 


■,  e  m  i-  u 
/,  I  l'i  i,  o  *,  I  J  i,  & 


■ 

Fraternity  Badges 

of  Colle 

"    1 

ges  and  Societies. 

j* 

PLATE  4. 

i. 

Clio. 

24.  Tau  Beta  Pi. 

2. 

Skull  and  Bones. 

25.  Phi  Beta  Kappa. 

3- 

Scroll  and  Key. 

26.  Kappa  Alpha. 

4- 

Wolf's  Head. 

27.  Chi  Psi. 

5- 

Pi  Eta. 

28.  Theta  Nu  Epsilon. 

6. 

Wig. 

29.  Phi  Nu  Theta. 

7< 

Sigma  Nu. 

30.  Alpha  Sigma  Chi. 

8. 

Alpha  Tau  Omega. 

31.  Delta  Tau  Delta. 

9- 

Kappa  Alpha. 

32.  Kappa  Kappa  Kappa. 

IO. 

Beta  Theta  Phi. 

33.  Alpha  Delta  Phi. 

ii. 

Sigma  Alpha  Epsilon. 

34.  Delta  Psi. 

12. 

Delta  Kappa  Epsilon 

35.  Chi  Phi. 

'3- 

Sigma  Phi. 

36.  Theta  Delta  Chi. 

14- 

Delta  Phi.- 

37.  Pi  Beta  Phi. 

»S- 

Zeta  Psi. 

38.  Kappa  Alpha  Theta. 

16. 

Psi  Upsilon. 

39.  Phi  Delta  Phi. 

17- 

Phi  Gamma  Delta. 

40.  Beta  Theta  Phi. 

18. 

Phi  Kappa  Sigma. 

41.  Delta  Delta  Delta. 

19. 

Mystical  Seven. 

42.  Delta  Gamma. 

20. 

Phi  Delta  Theta. 

43.  Kappa  Kappa  Gamma. 

IX. 

Phi  Kappa  Psi. 

44.  Alpha  Phi. 

22. 

Phi  Zeta  Mu. 

45.  Gamma  Phi  Beta. 

*Z- 

Sigma  Chi. 

• 

'•,  0  .VI  I',  u 

/.  I  li  I 


HOW  TO  USE  THE  THESAURUS 


AND 


A  KEY  TO  PRONUNCIATION 


XV 


HOW  TO   USE  THE  THESAURUS. 

To  the  vast  majority,  the  use  of  this  Thesaurus  Dictionary  of  the  English  Language  presents  no  mors 
difficulties,  for  lack  of  understanding  the  plan  adopted,  than  does  any  dictionary;  but  as  its  purpose  is  not 
limited  to  defining  words,  its  wider  sphere  and  usefulness  being  to  suggest  particular  words  or  phrases  as 
they  may  be  required  to  definitely  express  a  given  idea,  a  brief  explanation  of  how  its  fullest  benefits  may 
be  obtained  is  appropriate. 

All  vocabulary  words  are  printed  in  brevier  black  face  type;  all  definitions  thereof  appear  in  brevier 
lower  case  Roman.  The  reference  words  are  printed  in  brevier  small  caps,  under  which  heads  the  person 
consulting  the  dictionary  must  look  to  find  any  particular  word  desired.  Thus,  for  example,  take  any  word 
in  the  vocabulary,  there  will  be  found  immediately  following  the  definition,  words  printed  in  small  caps, 
which  are  the  reference  words.  These  words  must  be  looked  up  in  their  alphabetical  position  in  the  vocabulary, 
and  under  them  will  be  found  groups  containing  the  word  examined  and  words  of  related  significance  Phrases 
and  idioms  are  printed  in  black  face  type;  foreign  phrases  appear  in  brevier  italics,  and  their  phonetic  pronun- 
ciation, is  parentheses,  are  in  brevier  lower  case  Roman.  The  foreign  languages  are  indicated  thus  [F.], 
meaning  French;  [It.],  Italian;  [G.J,  German;  [Sp.],  Spanish;  [L],  Latin;  [Gr.],  Greek.  Those  translations  which 
appear  in  the  vocabulary  proper  are  printed  in  brevier  lower  case  Roman.  Captions,  to  which  the  references 
direct,  appear  in  capital  letters,  with  positive  and  negative  terms  compounded,  under  which  appear  all  asso- 
ciated words,  printed  in  nonpareil  black  face  type,  and  the  definitions  in  nonpareil  lower  case  Roman.  The 
analysis  of  words,  and  their  grammatical  relationships,  are  printed  under  in  nonpareil  small  caps.  Captions, 
denoting  parts  of  speech  and  their  relationship,  are  in  italics.  By  observing  these  explanations  no  difficulty 
will  ever  be  encountered  in  using  the  Thesaurus,  or  in  obtaining  the  information  which  it  is  intended  to  supply. 

THIS  LINE  IS  CAPITAL  LETTERS,  USED  IN  CAPTIONS. 

This  line  is  brevier  small  caps.     (Used  for  reference  words.) 

This  line  is  brevier  lower  case  Roman.     (Used  for  definitions.) 

This  line  is  brevier  black  face  type.     (Used  for  vocabulary  words.) 

This  line  is  nonpareil  small  caps.   (For  captions  of  synonyms.) 

This  line  is  nonpareil  lower  case  Roman.     (For  definitions  of  synonyms  ) 

This  line  is  italics.     (For  foreign  words  and  grammatical  designations  ) 

This  line  is  nonpareil  black  face  type.     (For  associated  words.) 
Two  words  used  with  hyphen  are  compounded. 


A  KEY  TO   PRONUNCIATION. 


The  English  words  printed  in  this  Thesaurus  are  easily  pronounced  by  any  one  giving  attention  to  the  accent 
marks  at  the  end  of  syllables.  The  single  accent  mark — thus,  ' — indicates  the  primary  inflection,  or  the  syllable 
upon  which  the  greater  stress  must  be  laid.  The  double  accent  mark — thus,  " — shows  the  secondary  inflection, 
directing  that  some  stress  shall  be  laid,  but  less  than  that  indicated  by  the  primary  accent. 

The  pronunciation  of  all  foreign  phrases  is  found  in  parentheses  following.  Note  well  these  indications. 
Wherever  the  phonetic  a  is  found,  it  is  to  be  pronounced  as  in  sofa,  partake;  where  the  phonetic  v  occurs, 
it  indicates  such  a  sound  as  u  in  cup.  The  diphthong  ai  is  sounded  as  ai  in  aisle  and  i  in  pine;  au  as  ou  in  the 
word  house.  When  iu  appears,  it  equals  the  sound  in  mute.  The  phonetic  letter  H  equals  the  German  sound 
in  the  word  ach;  the  inverted  period  placed  beside  the  letter  n,  in  any  French  word,  gives  it  a  broad,  nasal 
sound.  Thus,  bon'  is  pronounced  somewhat  like  ong,  in  song,  except  that  the  g  is  silent;  zh  should  generally  be 
sounded  as  an  aspirate,  as  g  in  mirage  (mirazh'). 

Respellings  for  pronunciation  have  been  given  for  all  foreign  words  and  phrases  at  their  vocabulary  places 
in  this  dictionary. 

The  Latin  words  have  been  pronounced  according  to  the  English  method. 

English  words  have  been  divided  into  syllables  and  the  accented  syllables  marked. 

In  the  respellings  the  ordinary  Roman  types  have  been  used  so  far  as  possible. 

Instead  of  using  diacritics  for  peculiar  sounds  of  a  and  u.the  standard  types  of  the  American  Philological 
Association  have  "been  adopted. 

The  letters  b,  d,  f,  h,  j,  k,  1,  m,  n,  o,  p,  q,  r,  t,  v,  w,  have  been  used  with  their  ordinary  normal  values. 

The  following  letters  have  been  used  with  values  as  indicated : 


a 

as  in  far. 

a 

as  in  cat. 

c 

as  in  car. 

e 

as  in  met. 

1 

as  in  th£y. 

f 

as  in  gun. 

as  in  din. 

1 

as  in  machine 

H 

as  ch  in  G.  ach. 

li- 

as tt  in  F.  bon- 

s 

as  in  this. 

u 
u 
u 

X 

as  in  cap. 
as  in  rule. 
as  in  G.  jiber 
as  in  bo*. 

y 

z 

as  in  canvon. 
as  in  zebra. 

ai 
au 
au 

as  in  aisle. 
as  ou  in  house 
as  in  author. 

ch 

dh 
iu 

ng 


as  in  church. 
as  th  in  thou. 
as  u  in  mute, 
as  in  sing. 


£ 


iu=cw  as  in  guit. 
sh  as  in  she. 

th  as  in  thin. 

zh  as  g  in  mirage. 


Thesaurus  Dictionary 

OF  THE 

ENGLISH  LANGUAGE. 


A 


Ai .     Excellent.     Goodness-Badness. 

A.  B.     Able-bodied  seaman.     Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

a  bene  placito  [It.]  (a  be-ne  pla-chi'-to) .  At  pleasure. 
Volition-Obligation. 

a  bis  ou  a  blanc  [F.]  (a  bis  u  a  bknv) .  In  one  way  or 
another;  "by  hook  or  by  crook;"  at  all  hazards. 
Craft-Artlessness,  Determination-Vacillation. 

a  bon  droit  [F.l  (a  bon'  drwa).  With  justice.  Right- 
Wrong. 

a  bon  marchi  [F.]  (a  bon'  mar-shS') .  At  a  good  bargain, 
cheap.    Costliness-Cheapness,  Price-Discount. 

a  capite  ad  calcem  [L.]  (6  cap'-i-ti  ad  cal'-sem).  From 
head  to  heel.     Entirety-Deficiency. 

a  compie  [F.i  (a  con't).    On  account.    Credit-Debt. 

a  convert  [F.]  (a  cu-var').  Undercover.  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Security-Insecurity. 

a  fond  [F.]  (a  fon').  To  the  bottom.  Entirety- 
Deficiency. 

a  forjait  [F.]  (a  for-fe').     By  contract.     Contract. 

a  fortiori  [L.]  (S  for-shi-o'-rai) .  With  stronger  reason. 
Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

a  I'americaine  [F.]  (a  la-me-ri-kfin') .  In  the  American 
style.     Society-Ludicrousness. 

a  I'anglaise  [F.]  (a  lan'-glez').     In  the   English  style. 

SoCIETY-LuDICROUSNIiSS. 

a  outrance  [F.]  (a  u-trans').  To  the  utmost.  En- 
tirety-Deficiency. 

a  plomb  [F.]  (a  plon').  Perpendicularly.  Erectness- 
Flatness. 

tlpropos[F.]  (apro-po').  To  the  point.  Connection- 
Independence,  Harmony-Discord,  Opportune- 
ness-Unsuitableness,  Propriety-Impropriety. 

a  propos  de  bottes  [F.]  (a  pro-po'  de  bot).  Not  to  the 
purpose.     Connection-Independence. 

a  se  [L.]  (e  si) .  From  itself.  Connection-Independ- 
ence. 

d  temps,  tout  vient  pour  qui  soit  attendre  [F.]  (a  tan',  tu 
vi-an'-  pur  ki  swat  at-tan'dr').  Everything  comes  in 
time  to  him  who  knows  how  to  wait.  Earliness- 
Lateness,  Persistence-Whim. 

ab  actu  ad  posse  valet  consecutio  [L.]  (ab  ac'-tiuad  pos'-st 
vfi'-let  con-si-kiu'-shi-o).  From  what  has  been  to 
what  may  be.     Ratiocination-Instinct. 

cb  alio  exspectes,  alleri  quod  feceris  [L.]  (ab  e'-li-o  ex- 
pec'-tiz,  al'-ter-ai  quod  fes'-er-is).  Expect  to  receive 
such  treatment  as  you  have  given.  Reprisal- 
.  Resistance. 

ab  extra  [L.]  (ab  ex'-tra).  From  without.  Outside- 
Inside. 

ab  inconvenienti  [L.]  (ab  in-con-vi-ni-en'-tai) .  From 
the  inconvenience  involved.     Difficulty-Facility. 


From  the  beginning 
Outside- 


ab  initio  [L.]   (ab  in-ish'-i-o) . 
Beginning-End. 

ab  intra  [L.]    (ab   in'-tra).     From   within. 
Inside. 

ab  origine  [L.]  ab  o-rij'-i-ni) .  From  the  origin.  Be- 
ginning-End. 

ab  ovo  [L]  (ab  o'-vo).  From  the  egg.  Beginning- 
End. 

ab  ovo  usque  ad  mala  [L.]  (ab  o'-vo  us'-qut  ad  mS'-la). 
From  egg  to  apples.     Entirety-Deficiency. 

ab  uno  disce  omnes  [L]  (ab  yu'-no  dis'-st  om'-niz). 
From  one  learn  all.     Uniformity-Diversity. 

ab'-a-cist.     A  calculator.     Numbering. 

a-back'.  Backward.  Anteriority-Posteriority; 
take  aback,  Expectation-Surprise. 

ab'-a-cus.  Calculating  frame,  the  top  member  of  a 
capital.     Architecture,  Numbering. 

A-bad'-don.  Apollyon.  Angel-Satan,  Heaven- 
Hell. 

a-baft'.  Toward  the  stern.  Anteriority-Posterior- 
ity. 

ab-a'-li-en-ate.     To  transfer.     Alienation. 

ab-a"-li-en-a'-tion.     A  transfer.     Alienation. 

a-ban'-don.  To  give  up.  Arrival-Departure,  Keei-- 
ing-Relinquishment,  Quest-Abandonment,  Socia- 
bility-Privacy; abandon  hope,  Sanguineness- 
Hopelessness. 

a-ban-don'.  Ease  of  manner.  Activity-Indolence, 
Craft-Artlessness. 

a-ban'-doned.  Depraved.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness, Sociability-Privacy,  Virtue-Vice. 

a-ban'-don-ment.  Desertion.  Giving-Receiving. 
Quest-Relinquishment. 

a-bas'.     A  Persian  coin.     Values. 

a-base'.  To  degrade.  Elevation-Depression,  Self- 
respect-Humbleness. 

a-base'-ment.  Humiliation.  Elevation-Depre* 
sion,  Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit. 

a-bash'.  To  disconcert.  Sanguineness-Timidity, 
Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

a-bashed'.     Disconcerted.    Selfrespect-Humblenfss. 

a-bate'.  To  diminish.  Costliness-Cheapness,  In- 
crease-Decrease. 

a-bate'-ment.  A  reduction.  Costliness-Cheapness, 
Increase-Decrease. 

ab'-a-tis.  An  obstruction  of  felled  trees.  Attack- 
Defense. 

a"-bat-toir\     A  slaughter  house.     Life-Killing. 

ab'-ba.     Father.     Parentage-Progeny. 

ab'-ba-cy.     Jurisdiction  of  an  abbot.     Church. 


In  parenthesis:  far,  cat;  met,  they;  din,  machine;  cup,  rule,  G.  iiber  (iu  nearly) ;  canyon;  aisle;  au  =  hottse; 
author ;  iu  =  mwte ;  c  =  k ;  church ;  dh  —  'kou ;  go ;  h  =  G.  ach;  F.  bon'  =  nearly  sowg;  quit ;  zh  =  mirage. 


ABBATIAL. 


ABORTIVE. 


ab-ba'-tial.     Like  an  abbey.     Church. 

ab-bat'-ic-al.     Like  an  abbey.     Church. 

abbe  [F.]  (a-be').     An  abbot.     Ministry-Laity. 

ab'-bess.  Lady  superior  of  a  nunnery.    Ministry- Laity. 

ab'-bey.  A  monastery  or  nunnery.  Architecture, 
Fane. 

ab'-bot.     Superior  of  an  abbey.     Ministry-Laity. 

ab-bre'-vi-ate.  To  shorten.  Digest,  Length-Short- 
ness. 

ab-bre"-vi-a'-tion.  An  abridgment.  Digest,  Length- 
Shortness. 

ab-bre'-vi-a-ture.  A  shortening.  Digest,  Length- 
Shortness. 

A-B-C.  The  alphabet.  Beginning-End,  Education- 
Mis.tea,ching,  Letter.  , 

ab'-dal.  ;  A  Mohammedan,  devotee.  Ministry-Laity, 
Orthgsoxv-Heterodoccy. 

ab'-di-cant.,  One.wbo  abdicates.    Commission-Retire- 

;  '  KPKK  ■..[      .    .".  !  ,-.   ' 

,LV-^i-c^tfi.._  5"6  witJidr{iijl"-ft-oni.    Commission-Retire- 
ment, Rule-License. 

ab"-di-ca'-tion.  A  giving  up.  Commission-Retire- 
ment, Rule-License. 

ab'-di-to-ry.     Place     for    concealing    anything.     Dis- 

CLOSURE-HlDINGPLACE. 

ab-dom'-i-nal.    Pertaining  to  the  abdomen.    Anatomy. 

ab-duce'.     To  lead  away.     Attraction-Repulsion. 

ab-du'-cent.  Drawing  away.  Attraction-Repul- 
sion. 

ab-duct'.  To  carry  away  wrongfully.  Attraction- 
Repulsion,  Taking-Restitution,  Theft. 

ab-duc'-fion.  A  carrying  away.  Attraction-Repul- 
sion, Taking-Restitution. 

ab-duc'-tive.  Carrying  away.  Attraction-Repulsion. 

a"-be-ce-da'-ri-an.  Learner  or  teacher  of  the  alphabet. 
Instructor-Pupil,  Letter. 

a"-be-ce'-da-ry.  An  A-B-C  book;  pertaining  to  letters. 
School,  Letter. 

abends  wird  der  Faille  fleissig  [G.]  (a'-bents  virt  der 
Fau'-le  flais'-siH).  In  the  evening  the  lazy  man 
becomes  diligent.     Activity-Indolence. 

ab-er'-rance.  A  departing  from  the  correct  way.  Aim- 
Aberration. 

ab-er'-rant.  Wandering.  Aim-Aberration,  Concen- 
tration-Radiation, Conventionality-Unconven- 
tionality,  Truth-Error. 

ab"-er-ra'-tion.  Deviation  from  a  course.  Aim-Aber- 
ration, Concentratjon-Radiation,  Convention- 
ality-Unconventionality,  Deviation,  Saneness- 

LUNACY. 

a-bet'.     To  encourage.     Obstruction-Help. 

a-bet'-tor.     One  who  abets.     Antagonist-Assistant. 

a-bey'-ance.  Temporary  inaction.  Discontinuance- 
Continuance,  Earliness-Lateness,  Entity-Non- 
entity, Expectation-Surprise  ;  in  abeyance,  Vigor- 
Inertia. 

a-bey'-ant.  In  a  state  of  suspension.  Expectation- 
Surprise. 

ab-hor'.  To  hate  extremely.  Desire-Distaste,  Love- 
Hate. 

ab-hor'-rence.     Detestation.     Desire-Distaste. 

ab-hor'-rent.  Hateful.  Love-Hate,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness. 

a-bide'.  To  remain.  Discontinuance-Continuance, 
Emotion,  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Expecta- 
tion-Surprise, Lastingness-Transientness,  Muta- 
tion-Permanence, Presence-Absence;  abide  by, 
Assent-Dissent,  Observance-Nonobservance; 
not  abide,  Desire-Dislike. 

a-bi'-ding.     Enduring.     Lastingness-Transientness. 

ab'-i-gail.     A  lady's  maid.     Chief-Underling. 

a-bil'-i-ty.  Power.  Might-Impotence,  Mind-Imbe- 
cility, Skill-Unskilfulness;  to  the  best  of  one's 
abilities.  Toil-Relaxation. 


ab"-i-o-gen'-e-sis.  Production  of  living  from  non-living 
matter.     Biology,  Creation-Destruction. 

ab'-ject.  Despicable.  Presumption-Obsequiousness, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Uprightness-Dishonesty; 
abject  fear,  Bravery-Cowardice,  Sanguineness- 
Timidity. 

ab-jec'-tion.   Humiliation.    Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

ab'-ject"-ness.      Meanness.      Reputation-Discredit. 

ab-junc'-tion.  Separation  by  means  of  a  joint.  Union- 
Disunion. 

ab"-ju-ra'-tion.  Renunciation.  Assertion-Denial, 
Bigotry-Apostasy,  Commission-Retirement. 

ab-jure'.  To  renounce  under  oath.  Commission-Ab- 
rogation, Persistence-Whim. 

ab-jure'-ment.     Renouncing.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

ab-la'-tion.  Removal.  Addition-Subtraction,  Tak- 
ing-Restitution. 

ab'-la-tive.  The  ablative  case.  Grammar-Solecis»5 
Noun. 

a-blaze'.     On  fire.     Heat-Cold,  Light-Darkness. 

a'-ble.  Having  sufficient  power.  Might-Impotence, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  able  seaman,  Wayfarer- 
Seafarer. 

a'-ble-bod"-ied.     Robust.     Strength-Weakness. 

ab'-le-gate.  A  special  papal  envoy.  Deputy,  Estab- 
lishment-Removal. 

a'-ble-ness.    State  of  being  able.    Might-Impotence. 

ab'-lep-sy.     Blindness.     Sight-Blindness. 

ab-lude'.     To  differ.     Variation. 

ab-lu'-tion.     A  cleansing.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

ab"-ne-ga'-tion.  Denial.  Assertion-Denial,  Mod- 
eration-Selfindulgence,  Proffer-Refusal;  self- 
abnegation,  Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

ab-nor'-mal.  Unnatural.  Conventionality-Uncon- 
ventionality;  abnormal  mind,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

abnormis  sapiens  [L.]  (ab-nor'-mis  se'-pi-enz).  An 
unusually  wise  man.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

ab-nor'-mi-ty.      Monstrosity.      Conventionality-Un- 

CONVENTIONALITY. 

ab-nor'-mous.        Unnatural.        Conventionality-Un- 

CONVENTIONALITY. 

a-board'.  Upon.  Conveyance-Vessel,  Presence- 
Absence;  go  aboard,  Arrival-Departure. 

a-bode'.  A  dwelling.  Dweller-Habitation,  Ex- 
tension-Place, Prophecy;  take  up  one's  abode, 
Dweller-Habitation,  Establishment-Removal, 
Mutability-Stability,  Presence-Absence. 

a-bode'-ment.     An  omen.     Prophecy. 

a-bo'-ding.     An  omen.     Prophecy. 

abois,  aux  [F.]  (a-bwa',  oz).  At  bay.  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Life-Death,  Security-Insecurity. 

a-bol'-ish.  To  do  away  with.  Petition-Expostulation. 

a-bol'-ish-ment.  Abolition.  Petition-Expostulation. 

ab"-o-li'-tion.  Extinction.  Creation-Destruction, 
Petition-Expostulation. 

a-bom'-i-na-ble.  Very  hateful.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Goodness-Badness,  Love-Hate. 

a-bom'-i-nate.  To  detest.  Desire-Dislike,  Love- 
Hate. 

a-born"-i-na'-tion.  Something  disliked.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Desire-Distaste,  Goodness-Badness, 
Love-Hate. 

a-bord'.     To  approach.     Politeness-Impoliteness. 

ab"-o-rig'-i-nal.  Native.  Beginning-End,  Causb- 
Effect. 

ab"-o-rig'-i-nes.  Original  inhabitants.  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

a-bort'.     To  miscarry.     Success-Failure. 

a-bor'-tion.  Act  of  bringing  forth  prematurely. 
Preparation-Nonpreparation,   Success-Failure. 

a-bor'-tive.  Brought  forth  prematurely.  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation, Success-Failure,  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness;  abortive  attempt,  Success- 
Failure;  abortive  efforts,  Success-Failure. 


ABOUND. 


ABSTAIN. 


a-bound'.     To  be  plentiful.     Enough. 

a-bout'.  Around ;  nearly ;  at  the  point.  Connection- 
Independence,  Environment-Interposition,  Mag- 
nitude-Smallness,  Remoteness-Nearness;  be 
about,  Occupation;  beat  about,  Midcourse- 
Circuit;  come  about,  Betterment-Deterioration; 
get  about,  Publicity,  Renovation-Relapse;  going 
about,  Tidings-Mystery;  not  know  what  one  is 
about,  Skill-U.nskilfulness;  put  about,  Advance- 
Retrogression;  round  about,  Aim-Aberration, 
Circuition;  send  about  one's  business,  Commission- 
Abrogation;  set  about,  Enterprise;  stir  about, 
Activity-Indolence;  turn  about.  Reversal;  what 
it  is  about,  Conception-Theme;  what  one  is  about, 
Occupation;  about  it  and  about  it,  Terseness- 
Prolixity;  about  to,  Future-Past;  about  to  be, 
Occurrence-Destiny. 

a-bove'.  Overhead.  Exposure-Hidingplace;  above 
all,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Supremacy- 
Subordinacy;  above  board,  Craft-Artlessness, 
Manifestation-Latency,  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty; above  comprehension,  Clearness-Obscurity; 
above  ground,  Life-Death;  above  the  mark,  Su- 
premacy-Subordinacy;  above  par,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Magnitude-Smallness;  above  praise,  Virtue- 
Vice;  above  price,  Costliness-Cheapness;  above 
stairs,  Height-Lowness;  above  suspicion,  Inno- 
"  cencf.-Guilt;  above  water,  Security-Insecurity. 

a-bove'-men'-tioned.  Referred  to  before.  Antece- 
dence-Sequence, Precedence-Succession,  Re- 
currence. 

ab"-ra-ca-dab'-ra.  Nonsensical  words.  Devotion- 
Charm. 

ab-rade'.  To  wear  away.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Friability. 

A'-bra-ham,  sham.  Feign  sickness.  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

ab-rase'.     To  rub  off.     Friction-Lubrication. 

ab-ra'-sion.  Wearing  away.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Friability,  Friction-Lubrication. 

a-breast'.  Side  by  side.  Laterality-Contraposi- 
tion. 

abr£g£  [F.]  (a-brf-zW).  Abridged.  Abridgment-Di- 
gest. 

ab-rep'-tion.  Snatching  away.  Taking-Restitu- 
tion. 

abri,  tente  d'  [F.]  (a-bri',  tant  d').  Shelter  tent. 
Cover-Lining. 

a-bridge'.  To  shorten.  Increase-Decrease,  Length- 
Shortness;  abridge  in  writing,  Digest,  Terseness- 
Prolixity. 

a-bridged'.     Shortened.     Digest. 

a-bridg'-ment.  A  condensed  form.  Digest,  Increase- 
Decrease,  Length-Shortness,  Terseness-Pro- 
lixity. 

a-broach'.     On  tap.     Readiness-Reluctance. 

a-broad'.  At  a  great  distance.  Certainty-Uncer- 
tainty, Constituent-Alien,  Remoteness-Near- 
ness; get  abroad,  Publicity. 

ab'-ro-gate.  To  annul.  Commission-Abrogation, 
Commission-Retirement. 

ab'-ro-ga-ted.  Annulled.  Commission-Abrogation, 
Commission-Retirement. 

ab"-ro-ga'-tion.  Repeal.  Commission-Abrogation, 
Quest-Relinquishment. 

ab-rupt'.  Sudden.  Elegance-Suddenness,  Eter- 
nity-Instantaneity,  Parallelism-Inclination, 
Turbulence-Calmness.  • 

ab-rup'-tion.  A  sudden  breaking  off.  Union-Dis- 
union. 

ab-rupt'-ly.     Suddenly.     Eternity-Instantaneity. 

ab'-scess.    An  inflammatory  tumor.   Health-Sickness. 

ab-scind'.  To  cut  off.  Addition-Subtraction,  Un- 
ion-Disunion. 


ab-scis'-sa.  An  element  of  reference  in  the  location  of 
a  point.     Mensuration. 

ab-scis'-sion.  Act  of  cutting  off.  Addition-Sub- 
traction, Union-Disunion. 

ab-scond'.  To  depart  secretly.  Arrival-Departure, 
Quest-Evasion. 

ab'-sence.  Withdrawal  from  a  place.  Entity-Non- 
entity, Holding-Exemption,  Plurality-Zero, 
Presence-Absence;  absence  of  choice,  Choice- 
Neutrality;  absence  of  elasticity,  Elasticity-In- 
elasticity; absence  of  intellect,  Mind-Imbecility; 
absence  of  mind,  Heed-Disregard;  absence  of  mo- 
tive, Motive-Caprice;  absence  of  preparation, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation;  absence  of  solidity, 
Solidity-Rarity;  absence  of  voice,  Vocalization- 
Muteness. 

absence  d'esprit  [F.]  (ab-sans'  des-pri').  Absence  of 
mind.     Heed-Disregard,  Reflection-Vacancy. 

absens  haeres  non  erit  [L.]  (ab-senz'  hi'-riz  non  i'-rit). 
The  absent  man  will  not  be  heir.     Remembrance- 

FORGETFULNESS. 

ab'-sent.  Being  away;  absent-minded.  Heed-Disre- 
gard, Presence-Absence,  Reflection-Vacancy. 

ab-sent'  oneself.     To  withdraw.     Presence-Absence. 

ab-sen-tee'.     One  who  is  absent.     Presence-Absence. 

ab"-sen-tee'-ism.  Practice  of  being  absent.  Pres- 
ence-Absence. 

ab"-sent-mind'-ed.     Abstracted.     Heed-Disregard. 

ab'-sinth.  A  bitter,  greenish  liquor.  Redness- 
Greenness.  .     ' 

ab'-so-lute.  Independent;  unqualified;  despotic.  As- 
sertion-Denial, Certainty-Uncertainty,  Choice- 
Neutrality,  Dominance-Impotence,  Dueness- 
Undueness,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Entity-Non- 
entity, Harshness-Mildness,  Heed-Disregard, 
Liberty-Subjection,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Mind- 
Imbecility,  Motive-Caprice,  Presence-Absence; 
absolute  interest,  Property;  make  absolute, 
Decision-Misjudgment,  Evidence-Counterevi- 
dence. 

ab'-so-lute  ad-ver'-sa-tive.  A  conjunction  expressing 
contrariety  or  opposition.     Particle. 

ab'-so-lute-ly.     Completely.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

ab'-so-lute-ness.  State  of  being  absolute.  Rule- 
License,  Tyranny-Anarchy. 

ab"-so-lu'-tion.  Remission  of  sin.  Duty-Immunity, 
Exculpation-Conviction,  Pardon-Vindictive- 
ness,  Release-Restraint. 

ab'-so-lu"-tism.  Unlimited  authority.  Harshness- 
Mildness,  Tyranny-Anarchy. 

ab-solv'-a-ble.  Capable  of  being  acquitted.  Atone- 
ment. 

ab-solve'.  To  set  free.  Atonement,  Duty-Immunity, 
excu'.pation-conviction,  pardon-vlndictive- 
ness,  Jealousy-Envy,  Release-Restraint. 

ab'-so-nant.  Unreasonable.  Melody-Dissonance, 
Ratiocination-Casuistry. 

ab'-so-nous.    Discordant.    Ratiocination-Casuistry. 

ab-sorb'.  To  take  into.  Admission-Expulsion, 
Chemistry,  Composition-Resolution,  Excitation, 
Use-Disuse;  absorb  the  mind,  Heed-Disregard; 
absorb  the  soul,  Excitation. 

ab-sorbed'.    Taken  into;  engrossed.    Heed-Disregard. 

ab-sorb'-ent.  Tending  to  absorb.  Admission-Expul- 
sion. 

ab-sorb'-ing.     Tending  to  draw  in.     Emotion,  Need. 

ab-sorp'-tion.  Act  of  absorbing.  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Biology,  Composition-Resolution,  Heed- 
Disregard. 

ab-sorp'-tive.  Tending  to  absorb.  Admission-Expul- 
sion. 

ab-squat'-u-late.     To  run  away.     Quest-Evasion. 

ab-stain'.  To  refrain.  Moderation-Selfindulgence, 
Quest-Evasion,  Use-Disuse;  abstain  from  action, 


ABSTAIN. 


ACCLIMATIZATION. 


Action-Passiveness;  abstain  from  voting,  Choice- 
Neutrality. 
»b-stain'-er.     One  who  abstains.     Moderation-Self- 
indulgence,  Teetotalism-Intemperance. 
ab-ste'-mi-ous.       Sparing.       Moderation-Selfindul- 
gence. 

ab-ste'-mi-ous-ness.  State  of  being  sparing.  Self- 
indulgence-Voluptuary. 

ab-sten'-tion.     A  refraining.     Quest-Evasion. 

ab-sterge'.     To  make  clean.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

ab-ster'-sion.     A  cleansing.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

ab-ster'-sive.  Having  cleansing  qualities.  Remedy- 
Bane. 

ab'-sti-nence.  Self-denial.  Moderation-Selfindul- 
gence,  Quest-Evasion,  Use-Disuse;  abstinence 
from  action,  Action-Passiveness,  Use-Disuse; 
abstinence  from  voting,  Choice-Neutrality;  total 
abstinence,  Austerity,  Moderation-Selfindul- 
gence,  Use-Disuse. 

ab'-sti-nent.  Continent.  Moderation-Selfindul- 
gence. 

ab-stract'.  To  take  away.  Digest,  Taking-Resti- 
tution, Terseness-Prolixity,  Theft,  Union- 
Disunion;  abstract  idea,  Conception-Theme; 
abstract  oneself,  Heed-Disregard,  abstract  noun, 
Noun;  abstract  thought,  Heed-Disregard,  Reflec- 
tion-Vacancy; in  the  abstract,  Connection-Inde- 
pendence, Solitude-Company,  Union-Disunion. 

ab-stract'-ed.     Separated.     Heed-Disregard. 

ab-stract'-ed-ly.     Heedlessly.     Union-Disunion. 

ab-stract'-ed-ness.     Heedlessness.     Union-Disunion. 

ab-strac'-tion.  A  separating;  a  taking.  Addition- 
Subtraction,  Heed-Disregard,  Reflection-Va- 
cancy, Taking-Restitution,  Theft,  Union-Dis- 
union. 

ab-struse'.     Hidden.     Clearness-Obscurity. 

ab-surd'.  Opposed  to  truth.  Adage-Nonsense, 
Possibility-Impossibility. 

ab-surd'-i-ty.  A  contradiction  of  sound  reason. 
Adage-Nonsense,  Society-Ludicrousness,  Pos- 
sibility-Impossibility. 

ab-surd'-ness.  State  of  being  absurd.  Adage-Non- 
sense. 

A-bu'-na.  The  head  of  the  Abyssinian  Church.  Chief- 
Underling,  Ministry-Laity. 

a-bun'-dance.     Plenty.     Enough. 

a-bun'-dant.  Plentiful.  Enough,  Entirety-Defi- 
ciency, Magnitude-Smallness. 

abundanti cautcla ,  ex[L.]  (ab-un-dan'-tai  cau-ti'-la,  ex). 
From  abundant  caution.     Security-Insecurity. 

a-bun'-dant-ly.     Plentifully.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

a-burst'.     In  a  bursting  condition.     Excess-Lack. 

a-buse'.  To  put  to  a  bad  use.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Charitableness-Curse,  Goodness-Badness,  Puri- 
ty-Impurity, Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Use-Dis- 
use; abuse  of  language,  Word-Neology;  abuse  of 
terms,  Interpretation-Misinterpretation,  Word- 
Neology. 

a-buse'-ful.    Full  of  abuse.    Usefulness-Uselessness. 

a-bu'-sive.  Hurtful;  improper.  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement, Approval-Disapproval,  Charitable- 
ness-Menace, Politeness-Impoliteness. 

a-but'.  To  touch  end  to  end.  Interspace-Contact, 
Suspension-Support. 

a-but'-ment.  A  supporting  structure.  Attack-De- 
fense, Interspace-Contact,  Suspension-Sup- 
port. 

a-by'.  To  pay  the  penalty  for.  Emotion,  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability,  Mutation-Permanence. 

a-bysm'.     A  chasm.     Interspace-Contact. 

a-bys'-mal.     Deep.     Deepness-Shallowness. 

a-byss'.  A  bottomless  gulf.  Extension-Inexten- 
sion,  Heaven-Hell,  Interspace-Contact. 

A.  C.  [L.anle].     Before  Christ.     Duration-Nearness. 


ac"-a-dem'-ic.      Classical.      Education-Misteaching, 

School. 
ac"-a-dem'-ic-al.     Scholarly.     Purity-Crudeness. 
a-cad"-e-mi'-cian.         A     member     of     an     academy. 
Scholar-Dunce;  Royal  Academician,  Artist. 

a-cad'-e-mist.     An  academician.     Scholar-Dunce. 

a-cad'-e-my.     A  place  of  instruction.     School. 

a-can'-thus.  A  plant.  Architecture.  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement. 

acari&lre  [F.]  (a-ca-ri-atr') .  Crabbed.  Favorite- 
Quarrelsomeness. 

a-cat"-a-lec'-tic.     Not  defective.     Poetry. 

a-cat'-a-lep-sy.  The  inconceivability  of  things.  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt. 

accedas  ad  curiam  [L.]  (ac-si'das  ad  kiu'-ri-am) .  You 
may  go  to  court.     Litigation,  Tribunal. 

ac-cede'.     To  agree  to.     Assent-Dissent,  Consent. 

ac-cel'-er-ate.  To  quicken.  Earliness-Lateness, 
Hurry-Leisure,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness. 

ac-cel"-er-a'-tion.  A  quickening.  Hurry-Leisure, 
Swiftness-Slowness. 

ac-cen'-sion.    Act  of  setting  fire  to.    Heating-Cooling. 

ac'-cent.  Stress  of  voice  on  a  particular  syllable. 
Rhetoric,  Sound-Silence,  Vocalization-Mute- 
ness; broken  accent,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

ac-cen'-tu-ate.  To  pronounce  with  an  accent.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Vocalization-Mute- 
ness. 

ac-cen"-tu-a'-tion.  Act  of  accentuating.  Poetry- 
Prose,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

ac-cept'.  To  take  when  offered.  Assent-Dissent, 
Consent,  Giving-Receiving,  Taking-Restitu- 
tion. 

accepta  [L.]  (ac-sep'ta).  Receipts.  Accounts,  Se- 
curity. 

ac-cept'-a-ble.  Pleasing.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Propriety-Impropriety. 

ac-cept'-ance.  Act  of  accepting.  Assent-Dissent, 
Consent,  Giving-Receiving,  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation,  Security. 

ac"-cep-ta'-tion.  Accepted  meaning.  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation,  Meaning-Jargon. 

ac-cep'-tion.  Favoritism.  Interpretation-Misin- 
terpretation. 

ac'-cess.  A  coming  near.  Approach-Withdrawal; 
easy  of  access,  Difficulty-Facility;  means  of 
access,  Way. 

ac-ces'-si-ble.  Capable  of  being  reached.  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Possibility-Impossibility. 

ac-ces'-sion.  Increase.  Addition-Subtraction,  Com- 
mission-Abrogation, Consent,  Increase-De- 
crease, Rule-License. 

ac-ces'-so-ry.  Additional;  aiding.  Addition-Sub- 
traction, Antagonist-Assistant,  Increment- 
Remnant,  Obstruction-Help,  Solitude-Com- 
pany. 

acciaccaiura  [It.]  (at-chac-ca-tu'-ra).  A  grace  note  in 
music.     Melody-Dissonance. 

ac'-ci-dence.     Rudiments.     Grammar-Solecism. 

ac'-ci-dent.  Event;  chance;  disaster.  Good-Evil, 
Occurrence-Destiny,  Rationale-Luck,  Welfare- 
Misfortune;  fatal  accident,  Life-Killing. 

ac"-ci-den'-tal.  Unexpected.  Purpose-Luck,  Ra- 
tionale-Luck, Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 

ac"-ci-den'-tal-ly.  Casually.  Subjectiveness-Objec- 
tiveness. 

ac'-ci-dents,  trust  to  the  chapter  of.    Purpose-Luck. 

ac-cip'-i-ent.     A  receiver.     Giving-Receiving. 

ac-claim'.     Applause.     Approval- Disapproval. 

ac"-cla-ma'-tion.  Shout  of  assent.  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Assent-Dissent. 

ac-cli"-ma-ti-za'-tion.  An  habituating.  Habit-Desue- 
tude. 


ACCLIMATIZE. 


ACCOUNT. 


ac-cli'-ma-tize.  To  adapt  to  a  new  climate.  Domes- 
tication-Agriculture, Habit-Desuetude. 

ac-cliv'-i-ty.  An  upward  slope.  Ascent-Descent, 
Parallelism-Inclination. 

ac-cli'-vous.  Sloping  upward.  Parallelism-Incli- 
nation. 

ac-cloy'.     To  fill  full.     Excess-Lack. 

ac"-co-lade'.  Salutation  of  knighthood.  Politeness- 
Impoliteness. 

ac-com'-mo-date.  To  oblige;  furnish.  Equality- 
Inequality,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Giving-Re- 
ceiving,  Harmony-Discord,  Loan-Borrowing, 
Obstruction-Help;  accommodate  oneself  to,  Con- 
■  ventionality-Unconventionality;  accommodate 
with,  Giving-Receiving,  Loan-Borrowing. 

ac-com'-mo-da"-ting.  Obliging.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

ac-com"-mo-da'-tion.  Adjustment.  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation, Keeping-Relinquishment,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help. 

ac-com'-pa-ni-ment.  Something  added.  Addition- 
Subtraction,  Increment-Remnant,  Music,  Soli- 
tude-Company. 

ac-com'-pa-nist.     One  who  accompanies.     Musician. 

ac-com'-pa-ny.  To  go  with.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Coexistence,  Musician,  Solitude-Company. 

ac-com'-pa-ny-ing.    Going  with.    Solitude-Company. 

accompli,  fail  [F.]  (ac-con'-pli',  fet).  An  accomplished 
deed.     Completion-Noncompletion. 

ac-com'-plice.     An  associate.    Antagonist-Assistant. 

ac-com'-plish.  To  carry  out.  Completion-Noncom- 
pletion,Creation-Destruction,  Success-Failure  ; 
accomplish  with  difficulty,  Difficulty-Facility. 

ac-com'-plished.  Carried  out.  Scholar-Dunce,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness. 

ac-com'-plish-ment.  Completion.  Anything  that  per- 
fects. Completion-Noncompletion,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

ac-compts'.     Accounts.     Accounts. 

ac-cord\  To  grant;  harmony.  Assent-Dissent,  Giv- 
ing-Receiving, Harmony-Discord,  Leave-Pro- 
hibition, Melody-Dissonance,  Uniformity-Diver- 
sity, Variance-Accord;  in  accord,  Harmony-Dis- 
cord; of  one's  own  accord,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

ac-cord'-ance.  Agreement.  Assent-Dissent,  Giving- 
Receiving,  Harmony-Discord,  Leave-Prohibi- 
tion, Uniformity-Diversity;  accordance  with 
reality,  Nature-Art;  accordance  with  truth, 
Nature-Art;  in  accordance,  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality;  in  accordance  with,  Har- 
mony-Discord. 

ac-cord'-ant.  Harmonious.  Harmony-Discord;  he 
accordant,  Harmony-Discord;  render  accordant, 
Harmony-Discord. 

ac-cord'-ing.  Agreeing.  According  as,  Modification; 
according  to,  Evidence-Counterevidence;  accord- 
ing to  circumstances,  Condition-Situation;  accord- 
ing to  every  reasonable  expectation,  Likelihood- 
Unlikelihood;  according  to  law,  Law-Lawless- 
ness; according  to  regulation,  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality;  according  to  rule,  Con  ven- 
tionality-Unconventionality; according  to  this 
occasion,  Condition-Situation. 

ac-cord'-ing-ly.  Suitably.  Condition  -  Situation, 
Ratiocination-Instinct. 

ac-cor'-di-on.  A  musical  wind-instrument.  Musical 
Instruments. 

ac-cor'-di-on-ist.  A  player  on  the  accordion.  Musician. 

ac-cost'.     To  address.     Address-Response. 

ac-cou-cheur'  (cu-shur).  An  assistant  at  childbirth. 
Instrumentality,  Remedy-Bane. 

ac-count'.  A  reckoning.  Account,  Accounts,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Credit-Debt,  Decision- 
Misjudgment,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Number- 
ing,    Record,     Reputation-Discredit;      call     to 


account,  Approval-Disapproval;  find  one's  account 
in,  Success-Failure,  Usefulness-Uselessness; 
make  no  account  of,  Overvaluation-Undervalua- 
tion; not  account  for,  Clearness-Obscurity;  on 
account  of,  Motive-Caprice,  Obstruction-Help, 
Purpose-Luck,  Rationale-Luck;  on  no  account, 
Assertion-Denial,  Leave-Prohibition,  Proffer- 
Refusal;  send  to  one's  account,  Life-Killing, 
take  into  account,  Heed-Disregard,  Modification; 
small  account,  Consequence-Insignificance;  to 
one's  account,  Property;  turn  to  account,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Gain-Loss,  Success-Fail- 
ure, Use-Disuse;  account  as,  Faith-Misgiving; 
account  for,  Interpretation-Misinterpretation, 
Rationale-Luck;  account  with,  Exchange,  Set- 
tlement-Default. 

ACCOUNT. 

Account.     A  written  or  spoken  record. 

Adventures.     Hazardous  events  in  a  man's  life. 

Ana.     A  collection  of  sayings  and  anecdotes. 

Anecdotes.     Short  stories. 

Annals.     Narrative  of  events  divided  into  periods. 

Apologue.      Narrative  of  events  to  bnr.p  out  some  moral  truth. 

Autobiography.     A  story  of  one's  own  life  by  himself. 

Biography.     The  story  of  a  person's  life. 

Chronography.     History,  record. 

Circumstantial  account.     An  account  giving  many  details. 

Confessions.     Facts  relative  to  the  life  of  a  person. 

Delineation.     Representing  by  drawing  bold  outlines. 

Description.     An  account;  a  word  portrayal. 

Detailed  account.     A  description  giving  minute  details. 

Essay.     A  composition  on  a  subject  less  formal  than  a  treatise. 

Expose"  [F.].     Statement;  account;  outline. 

Fable.     A  fictitious  story  written  to  teach  some  moral. 

Fairy  tale.     A  recital  of  the  deeds  of  a  fairy;  an  invented  story. 

Fortunes.     Events  which  befall  a  person  during  his  life. 

Historiette.     An  historical  treatise  on  a  small  scale. 

Historiography.     The  writing  of  historic  treatises;  histories. 

History.     A  written  record  of  events. 

Journal.     An  account  of  daily  events. 

Legend.     A  traditional  story. 

Memoir.     A  short  biography;  reminiscences;  something  memorable. 

Memorial.  A  token  or  monument  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of 
some  one  or  something. 

Minute  account.     A  record  in  full. 

Monograph.     An  essay  upon  a  definite  thing  or  special  class. 

Narration.  The  act  of  recounting  the  particulars  of  an  event  or 
series  of  events  in  the  order  of  occurrence. 

Narrative.     A  logical  account  of  the  successive  events  of  something. 

Necrology.     A  record  of  deaths. 

Nursery  tale.     A  story,  or  tale,  for  children. 

Parable.     A  religious  allegory,  like  the  parables  of  Christ. 

Particulars.     A  record  in  full. 

Personal  narration.     A  description  about  some  particular  person. 

Recital.     An  account  given  in  detail. 

Record.     Official  proceedings  entered  in  a  book. 

Rehearsal.  A  narration;  a  repeating  of  some  performance  to  be 
rendered  during  some  theatrical  season. 

Relation.     A  telling;  a  recital. 

Report.     A  recountal  of  events. 

Romance.     A  story  of  adventure  or  chivalry. 

Sketch.     A  rough  outline ;  a  general  delineation. 

Specification.     An  account  where  every  detail  is  specified. 

Statement.     A  setting  forth  of  certain  opinions. 

Statement  of  facts.  Ground  upon  which  evidence  is  to  be  consid- 
ered. 

Story.     A  tale;  a  history;  a  record. 

Summary  of  facts.     An  epitome ;  a  collection  of  the  main  points. 

Tale.     A  story;  an  account;  statement. 

Thesis.  A  subject  prescribed  to  a  student  to  write  before  granting 
him  a  degree. 

Tradition.  The  handing  down  from  one  generation  to  another  by 
word  of  mouth  of  the  customs,  deeds,  attainments,  etc.,  of  a  people 

Treatise.     A  formal  essay;  a  composition  on  a  particular  subject. 

Work  of  fiction.     A  novel;  a  book  of  fiction. 

Account — Associated  Nouns. 

Biographer.     One  who  writes  biographies. 
Clio.     The  muse  of  history. 


ACCOUNT.  . 


ACCROACH. 


Fabulist.     A  writer  of  fables ;  one  who  falsifies. 
Guide  book.     A  book  of  information  for  travelers  and  tourists- 
Historian.     A  recorder  and  interpreter  of  events. 
Historic  muse.     See  Clio. 
Minerva  Press.     The  press  in  London  which  printed  a  jreat  many 

trashy  novels  in  the  eighteenth  century. 
Novelist.     A  writer  of  fiction. 
Relator.     One  who  recounts;  narrator. 

Account —  Verbs. 
Characterize.     To  set  forth  traits  or  well-known  marks. 
Descend  to  details,  descend  to  particulars.    To  give  descriptions  in  full. 
Describe.     To  depict;  delineate. 
Draw  a  picture.     To  bring  out  the  features  of  something  with  pencil 

and  brush. 
Enter  into  particulars.     See  Descend  to  particulars. 
Fight  one's  battles  over  again.     Recall  old  adventures. 
Give  an  account  of.     To  describe ;  to  tell  about. 
Make  a  report.     To  give  a  full  account  of;  usually,  written 
Narrate.     To  tell;  to  recount. 
Particularize.     Mention  details. 
Picture.     To    paint;  to    set    forth    in    bold    relief. 
Portray.     See  Delineation. 
Recapitulate.     To  repeat;  to  give  a  summary  of. 
Recite.     Rehearse;  rej*eat. 
Recount.     Relate;  to  tell. 
Rehearse.     To  go  over  again;  to  relate. 
Relate.     To  narrate;  to  report. 
Render  an  account  of.     To  give  a  true  report. 
Report.     Give  an  account ;  to  tell  the  facts. 
Set  forth.     See  Assertion 
Sum  up.     To  make  a  summary. 
Unfold  a  tale.     To  relate  a  tale ;  to  unravel  a  story . 

Account — Adjectives. 

Anecdotic.     See  Nouns. 
Described.     See  Verbs. 
Descriptive.     Narrative;  pictorial. 
Epic.     A  recital  of  heroic  exploi  s. 
Graphic.     Very  clear  and  pronounced. 
Historic.     A  part  of  history. 
Legendary.     Based  on  tradition. 
Narrative.     See  Account. 
Storied.     Connected  with  history. 
Suggestive.     Incidents  which  call  forth  others. 
Traditional.     Not  authentic",  based  on  legends. 
Traditionary.     Traditional. 

Ac  coun  t — Phrase. 

Furor  scribendi  [L.].     Rage  for  writing. 

ac-count'-a-ble.  Responsible.  Accounts,  Duty- 
Immunity. 

ac-count'-a-ble-ness.    Responsibility.  Duty-Immunity. 

ac-count'-ant.  One  skilled  in  accounts.  Accounts, 
Treasurer. 

ac-count'-ant  gen'-er-al.  Chief  accountant.  Treas- 
urer. 

ac-count'-ing.     Reckoning.     Accounts. 

ac-counts'.     Records.     Accounts,  Money. 

ACCOUNTS. 

Accompts.     Accounts. 

Account.     Record  of  debits,  credits,  etc. 

Account  current.     A  running  account. 

Accounts.     Record  of  business  transactions. 

Account  settled.     An  account  closed  and  verified. 

Balance  sheet.     A  sheet  of  paper  on  which  the  balance   is  put  for 

inspection. 
Bill.     An  orderly  statement  of  small  business  transactions. 
Budget.     A  financial  statement  put  before  a  legislature. 
Cash  account.     An  account  of  ready  money. 
Compte  rendu  [F.].     A  returned  account. 
Debtor  and  creditor  account.     An  account  in  which  debts  and  credits 

are  exhibited. 
Money  matters.     Financial  statements  or  affairs. 
Reckoning.     An  account  stated;  a  score. 
Running  account.     An  open  account. 
Score.     A  bill 

Statistics.     Classified  facts.     See  Numbering. 
Trial  balance.     In  double-entry  bookkeeping,  a  final  statement  of 

all  balances  in  the  ledger  accounts. 


Accounts — Agency. 

Accountant.     One  who  keeps  or  makes  accounts. 
Accounting  party.     One  who  is  required  to  make  an  account. 
Actuary.     A  calculating  officer  in  an  insurance  company. 
Auditor.     One  who  examines  accounts. 
Bookkeeper.     One  who  keeps  account  books. 
Financier.     One  skilledin  finance.     See  Treasurer. 

Accounts — Means . 

Account  books.     Books  in  which  accounts  are  kept. 

Books.     A  general  name  for  all  account  books. 

Cash  books.     Books  in  which  cash  transactions  are  recorded. 

Day  book.     A  journal  of  every  item  of  daily  business. 

Journal.     A  register  of  daily  transactions. 

Ledger.     Principal  account  book. 

Pass  book.     A  small  book  in  which  credits  are  kept. 

Accounts — Associated  Nouns. 

Accepta  [L.].     Receipts. 

Acquit  [F.].     Discharge  from  debt. 

Audit.     An  examination  of  an  account  by  proper  persons. 

Balance.     An  excess  of  credit  over  debtor  side,  or  vice  versa. 

Bookkeeping.     The  method  by  which  accounts  are  kept. 

Commercial  arithmetic.     The  science  of  mercantile  transactions. 

Double  entry.     A  special  method  of  keeping  accounts. 

Finance.     The  science  of  the  proper  management  of  monetary  affairs 

Monetary  arithmetic.     Arithmetic  of  finance. 

Accounts — Verbs. 

Audit.     To  adjust  an  account. 

Balance  accounts.     To  make  debit  and  credit  sides  of  an  account 

equal . 
Book.     Record  in  an  account  book. 
Bring  to  book.     Put  a  transaction  in  a  book. 
Carry  over.     To  transfer  an  account  from  one  book  to  another  of 

from  one  page  to  another. 
Cast  up  accounts.     To  compute  accounts. 
Cook  an  account.     To  tamper  with  an  account. 
Credit      To  enter  upon  credit  side  of  accounts. 
Debit.     To  enter  upon  debit  side  of  accounts. 
Doctor  an  account.     To  falsify  an  account. 
Enter.     To  put  on  record;  to  enroll. 
Falsify  an  account.     To  make  an  account  false. 
Garble  an  account.     To  mutilate  an  account. 
Keep  an  account.     To  record  accounts  in  a  book. 
Make  accounts  square.     To  make  the  accounts  even . 
Make  up  accounts.     Compute  accounts. 
Post.      To  transfer  accounts  from  journal  to  ledger. 
Settle  accounts.     To  balance  or  pay  an  account. 
Square  an  account.     To  make  an  account  balance. 
Surcharge  and  falsify.     To  shov\an  item  in  an  account  omitted  o* 

wrong. 
Take  stock.     Take  an  account  of  merchandise. 
Tax.     To  lay  a  burden  upon;  to  assess. 
Wind  up  accounts.     To  close  accounts. 

Accounts — Adjectives. 

Accountable.     Capable  of  being  accounted. 

Accounting.     Computing;  reckoning  up. 

Monetary.     Of  or  pertaining  to  money  or  finance.     See  Money. 

ac-coup'-le.     To  join.     Union-Disunion. 

ac-cou  -ter.  To  furnish.  Dress-Undress,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation. 

ac-cou'-ter-ment.  Trappings.  Dress,  Undress,  In- 
struments, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

ac-coy'.     To  soothe.     Turbulence-Calmness. 

ac-cred'-it.     To  give  authority  to.     Artist,  Credit 
Debt,     Reputation-Discredit,       Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

ac-cred'-it-ed.  Believed.  Credit-Debt,  Faith-Mis- 
giving, Habit-Desuetude;  accredited  to,  Com  mis* 
sion-Abrogation,  Representative. 

ac-cre'-tion.  Growth.  Biology,  Cohesion-Looseness, 
Enlargement-Diminution,  Increase-Decrease. 

ac-crim"-i-na'-tion.  Accusation.  J  usti  fic  ation* 
Charge. 

ac-croach'.     To  usurp.     Taking-Restitution. 


ACCRUAL. 


ACQUEST. 


ac-cru'-al.     Increase.     Increase-Decrease. 

ac-crue'.  To  accumulate.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Cause-Effect,  Gain-Loss,  Giving-Receiving, 
Outlay-Income. 

ac-crust'.     To  become  hard.     Hardness-Softness. 

ac"-cu-ba'-tion.     Reclin;ng.     Erectness-Flatness. 

accueil  [F.]  (ac-cu-iy).  Reception.  Politeness-Im- 
politeness. 

ac-cum'-bent.     Lying  down.     Erectness-Flatness. 

ac-cu'-mu-late.  To  collect.  Excess-Lack,  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Store. 

ac-cu"-mu-la'-tion.  Excess-Lack,  Gathering-Scat- 
tering, Store. 

ac'-cu-ra-cy.  Exactness.  Carefulness-Carelessness, 
Truth-Error. 

ac'-cu-rate.  Exact.  Carefulness-Carelessness, 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Truth-Error. 

ac-curse'.     Doom  to  evil.     Charitableness-Curse. 

ac -cursed'.  Miserable.  Goodness-Badness,  Pleasure- 
Pain,  Virtue-Vice. 

ac-cu'-sa-ble.     Blameworthy.    Justification-Charge. 

accusare  nemo  se  debet  [L.]  (ac-kiu-ze'-ri  ni'-mo  si  di'- 
bet).    No  one  is  bound  to  accuse  himself .   Litigation. 

ac"-cu-sa'-tion.  A  charge  of  crime.  Justification- 
Charge,  Litigation. 

ac-cu'-sa-tive.  The  case  of  nouns  which  denotes  the 
object  of  a  transitive  verb.     Noun. 

ac-cu'-sa-to-ry.     Accusing.     Justification-Charge. 

ac-cuse'.  To  charge  with  wrong-doing.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Exculpation-Conviction,  Justifi- 
cation-Charge, Litigation.       ,  • 

ac-cused'.     Charged.     Justification-Charge. 

ac-cus'-er.    One  who  accuses.    Justification-Charge. 

ac-cus'-ing.     Charging.     Justification-Charc,3. 

ac-cus'-tom.     To  make  wonted.     Habit-Desuetude. 

ac-cus'-tom-a-ry.     Habitual.     Habit-Desuetude. 

ac-cus'-tomed.     Habituated.     Habit-Desuetude. 

ace.  A  minute  portion.  Magnitude-Smallness.  Sol- 
itude-Company; within  an  ace,  Remoteness-Near- 
ness. 

A-cel'-da-ma.  Place  of  bloody  associations.  Life- 
Killing,  Lists. 

a-cerb'.     Harsh;  sharp.     Sweetness- Acidity. 

ac'-er-bate.  Embittered.  Alleviation-Aggravation, 
Betterment-Deterioration. 

a-cerb'-ic.     Severe.     Austerity. 

a-cerb'-i-ty.  Bitterness.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Favorite-Quarrelsomeness,  Palatable- 
ness-Unpalatableness,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

acerrima  proximorum  odia[h.]  (a-ser'-ri-ma  prox-i-mo'- 
rum  o'-di-a).  Fiercest  the  hatred  of  those  nearest 
kin.     Love-Hate. 

a-cer'-vate.  Massed  together.  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing. 

acervatim  [L.]  (a-ser-v6-tim) .  In  heaps.  Excess- 
Lack.  Gathering-Scattering,  Multiplicity-Pau- 
city. 

ac"-er-va'-tion.     Amassing.     Gathering-Scattering. 

a-ces'-cent.     Tart.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

a-cet'-ic.     Sour.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

ac'-e-tone.     An  inflammable  liquid.     Chemistry. 

ac'-e-tous.     Sour.     Chemistry,  Sweetness-Acidity. 

ac'-et-yl-ene".     An  illuminating  gas.     Chemistry. 

acharne  [F.]  (a-shar-ne') .  Ravenous.  Favorite- 
Anger. 

icharnement  [F.]  (a-sharn-man'').  Bloodthirstiness. 
Favorite- Anger. 

Achates,  fidus  [L.]  (a-ke'-tiz,  fai'-dus) .  Faithful  Achates; 
trusty  friend.     Friend-Foe,  Uprightness-Rogue. 

ache.  A  pain.  Pleasure-Pain,  Sensuality-Suf- 
fering. 

Ach'-e-ron,  pit  of.     Hell.     Heaven-Hell. 

Acheronta,  fiectere  si  nequeo  superos, — movebo  [L.l 
(ak"-er-on'-ta,    flec'-ter-i  sai   ni'-qui-o  siu'-per-os, — 


mo-vi'-bo) .  If  I  fail  to  move  the  powers  above,  I 
will  move  Acheron.     Success-Failure. 

Acherontis  pabulum  [L,]  (ak-er-on'-tis  pab'-yu-hrm) . 
Food  for  Acheron.     Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

a-chiev'-a-ble.  Capable  of  being  done.  Possibility- 
Impossibility. 

a-chieve'.  To  accomplish.  Action-Passiveness,  Be- 
ginning-End, Completion-Noncompletion,  Crea- 
tion-Destruction. 

a-chieve'-ment.  A  successful  action.  Action-Pas- 
siveness, Bravery-Cowardice,  Completion-Non- 
completion, Creation-Destruction,  Mark-Oblit- 
eration. 

Ach"-il-le'-an.  Invulnerable;  wrathful.  Favorite- 
Quarrelsomeness,  Security-Insecurity. 

A-chil'-les,  heel  of  (-kil'-) .  A  vulnerable  part.  Secu- 
rity-Insecurity. 

a'-ching.  Suffering  pain.  Pleasure-Pain,  Sensual- 
ity-Suffering; aching  heart,  Pleasure-Pain. 

ach"-ro-mat'-ic.     Colorless.     Color-Achromatism. 

a-chro'-ma-tism.  Quality  of  being  colorless.  Color- 
Achromatism. 

a-chro'-ma-tize.  To  make  achromatic.  Color-Achro- 
matism. 

a-cic'-u-lar.     Sharp-pointed.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

ac'-id.  A  sour  substance.  Chemistry,  Sweetness- 
Acidity. 

a-cid'-i-fy.     To  make  acid.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

a-cid'-i-ty.     State  of  being  acid.    Sweetness-Acidity. 

a-cid'-u-late.     To  embitter.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

a-cid'-u-la"-ted.     Made  acid.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

a-cid'-u-lous.     Subacid.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

acieria  errando  [Sp.]  (a-thi-er'-to.  er-ran'-do).  He 
blunders  into  the  right.  Adept-Bungler,  Pur- 
pose-Luck. 

ac'-i-form.     Needle-shaped.     Sharpness-Bluntness.   • 

ac-knowl'-edge.  To  admit.  Assent-Dissent,  Asser- 
tion-Denial, Consent,  Evidence-Counterevi- 
dence,  Exposure-Hidingplace,  Investigation- 
Answer,  Observance-Nonobservance,  Recom- 
pense-Punition,  Repentance-Obduracy,  Sagac- 
ity-Incapacity, Settlement-Default,  Thank- 
fulness-Thanklessness. 

ac-knowl'-edged.     Admitted.     Habit-Desuetude. 

ac-knowl'-edg-ment.  Avowal;  recognition;  an  official 
declaration.  Assent-Dissent,  Assertion-Denial, 
Consent,  Exposure-Hidingplace,  Investigation- 
Answer,  '  Observance-Nonobservance,  Recom- 
pense-Punition,  Repentance-Obduracy,  Settle- 
ment-Default, Thankfulness-Thanklf.ssness. 

ac'-me.  The  highest  point.  Top-Bottom;  acme  of 
perfection,  Faultlessness-Faultiness. 

a-col'-o-gy.     Medical  science.     Remedy-Bane. 

a-col'-o-thyst.     An  attendant.     Ministry-Laity. 

ac'-o-lyte.     An  attendant.     Ministry-Laity. 

ac'-o-lyth.     A  Catholic  priest.     Ministry-Laity. 

a-co'-mi-a.     Baldness.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

ac'-o-nite.     A  medicinal  plant.     Remedy-Bane. 

a-cous'-tic.  Pertaining  to  hearing.  Hearing-Deaf- 
ness; acoustic  organs.  Hearing-Deafness. 

a-cous'-tics.     Science  of  sound.     Sound-Silence. 

ac-quaint'.  To  make  familiar.  Acquaint  oneself 
with,  Education-Misteaching,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy;  acquaint  with,  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

ac-quaint'-ance.  Knowledge  of  any  person  or  thing. 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Friend-Foe,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance; make  acquaintance  with,  Amity- 
Hostility. 

ac-quaint'-ed.     Informed.     Sociability-Privacy. 

ac-quaint'-ed  with.     Known  to.     Amity-Hostility. 

ac-quaint'-ing.  Making  familiar.  Enlightening- 
Secrecy. 

ac-quest'.  Property  acquired  in  any  way  except  by 
inheritance.     Property. 


ACQUIESCE. 


ACTING. 


ac  -qui-esce'.      To  submit.      Assent-Dissent,    Con- 
sent,   Excitability-Inexcitability. 
ac"-qui-es'-cence.  Submission.  Assent-Dissent,  Con- 
sent. 
ac"-qui-es'-cent.     Yielding.     Assent-Dissent. 
ac-quire'.    To  obtain.    Creation-Destruction,  Gain- 
Loss,    Outlay-Income;     acquire    a   habit,    Habit- 
Desuetude  ;  acquire  learning,  Education-Learning. 
ac-quire'-ment.     Attainment.     Education-Learning, 

Knowledge-Ignorance,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 
ac"-qui-si'-tion.      Anything  gained.      Gain-Loss,  Giv- 
ing-Receiving,  Knowledge-Ignorance. 
ac-quis'-i-tive.     Able  to  acquire.     Gain-Loss. 
ac-quit'.      To  free  from.      Exculpation-Conviction, 
Innocence-Guilt,  Justification-Charge,  Pardon- 
Vindictiveness,  Release-Restraint;    acquit  one- 
self, Conduct,  Settlement-Default;  acquit  oneself 
of  a  debt,  Settlement-Default;  acquit  oneself  of 
a  duty,   Duty-Dereliction;    acquit    oneself  of  an 
obligation,  Observance-Nonobservance. 
acquit  [F.]  (ac-ki').      Discharge.      Accounts,  Credit- 
Debt. 
ac-quit'-tal.     Discharge.      Duty-Immunity,  Exculpa- 
tion-Conviction,      Observance-Nonobservance, 
Release-Restraint. 
ac-quit'-tance.      Release.       Observance-Nonobserv- 
ance, Security,  Settlement-Default. 
ac-quit'-ted.     Freed.     Exculpation-Conviction. 
a'-cre-age.     Area  in  acres.     Extension-District. 
a'-cres.   Measure  of  land.    Extension-District,  Meas- 
ure, Ocean-Land,  Property. 
A'-cres,  Bob.     Character    in    The  Rivals;   a  coward. 

Bravery-Cowardice. 
ac'-rid.     Of  a  burning  taste.     Palatableness-Unpal- 

atableness,  Pungency. 
ac"-ri-mo'-ni-ous.    Sarcastic ;  bitter.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,    Favorite-Anger,   Palatableness- 
Unpalatableness,  Presumption-Obsequiousness, 
Pungency. 
ac'-ri-mo-ny.     Sharpness  of  speech  or  temper.     Char- 
itableness-Curse,  Favorite-Anger,   Love-Hate, 
Order,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Vigor-Inertia. 
ac'-ri-tude.     Bitterness.     Pungency,  Vigor-Inertia. 
ac"-ro-a-mat'-ic.    Esoteric.     Knowledge-Ignorance. 
ac'-ro-a-mat"-ism.     Quality  of  being  oral.     Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance. 
ac'-ro-bat.     A  performer  of  gymnastic  feats.     Acting, 

Adept-Bungler,  Strength-Weakness,  Wag. 
Ac-rop'-o-lis.     The  citadel  of  an  ancient  Greek  city. 

Dweller-Habitation. 
a-cross'.  Over.  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Crossing. 
ac"-ro-te'-ri-um.     An   ornament   of  whatever  nature 

forming  the  apex  of  a  building.     Architecture. 
a-cros'-tic.       A  composition.        Letter,   Wittiness- 

Dulness. 
act.        To   perform.        Acting,   Action-Passiveness, 
Agency,       Delineation-Caricature,     Imitation- 
Originality,  Precept;  act  a  part,  Acting,  Mana- 
ger, Society-Affectation,  Truthfulness-False- 
hood;  act    as    president,    President-Member;   act 
one's  part,  Duty-Dereliction,  Occupation;  act  the 
tyrant,  Tyranny- Anarchy;  act  upon,  Action-Pas- 
siveness,   Agency,    Motive-Caprice;    act    up    to, 
Observance-Nonobservance;  act  well  one's  part, 
Virtue- Vice;  act  without  authority,  Rule-License; 
in  the  act,  Action- Passiveness,  Innocence-Guilt. 
act'-drop".     A  curtain.     Acting. 
ac'-ted  upon.     Passive.     Agency. 
act'-ing.     Performing.     Acting,  Action-Passiveness, 
Occupation,  Representative. 

ACTING. 

Acting.     The  performance  of  a  dramatic  part. 
Dramaturgy.     The  art  of  composing  and  presenting  a  play. 


Histrionic  art.     The  art  of  dramatic  representation. 

Theatricals.     Dramatic  performances. 

The  drama.     Theatrical  composition. 

The  play.     The  performance  of  a  dramatic  composition. 

The  stage.     The  place  of  dramatic  performance;  hence,  the  drama 

The  theater.     The  drama. 

Acting — Forms  of  Dramatic  Representation. 

After-piece,  a  farce  after  a  play;  ballet  [P.],  a  spectacular  dance; 
burlesque,  a  dramatic  travesty,  burletta  [It.],  a  comic  opera- 
charade,  an  enigma  represented  dramatically;  comidie  drame  [F.]', 
a  dramatic  comedy,  comtdie  larmoyante  [F.],  apathetic  comedy;' 
comedietta  [It.],  a  short  comedy;  comedy,  an  amusing  drama; 
divertissement  [F.],  an  entr'acte;  drama,  a  composition  for  th< 
stage;  drame  [F.];  duologue,  a  dialogue ;  exode,  the  last  part  of  £ 
drama;  extravaganza  [It.],  a  drama  wildly  irregular;  fantocinni 
[It.],  dramatic  representations  with  puppets  as  actors;  fan*, 
short  extravagant  comedy;  five-act  play,  long  play;  harle- 
quinade, pantomime;  interlude,  comedy  performed  between  the 
acts  of  moralities;  lever  de  rideau  [F.],  a  curtain  raiser;  light 
comedy,  low  comedy,  farcical  comedy;  masque,  an  allegorical 
play;  melodrama,  melodrame,  a  drama  containing  sensational 
incidents;  miracle  play,  religious  drama;  monodrame,  drama 
for  single  performer;  monologue,  a  dramatic  soliloquy,  moral- 
ity, allegorical  play;  mystery,  rude  religious  drama;  opera, 
musical  drama;  Optra  bouffe  [F.],  farcical  comic  opera;  pantomime, 
dumb  show;  piece,  a  play;  play,  dramatic  composition;  proverbe 
[F.],  a  short  comedy  with  a  proverb  for  its  title;  Punch-  and 
Judy,  puppet  show;  sensation  drama,  sensational  play;  spectacle 
[F.].  a  play;  stage  play,  play  for  stage;  acting;  tragedy,  drama 
representing  terrible  emotions;  tragi-comedy,  a  drama  where 
comic  and  tragic  scenes  are  mingled;  trilogy,  a  group  of  three 
dramas;  vaudeville,  variety  show. 

Acting — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Acrobat.     One  who  practises  gymnastic  feats. 

Acting  manager.     The  officiating  manager  of  a  dramatic  company. 
Actor.     One  who  takes  a  dramatic  part. 
Amoroso  [It.].     A  lover  in  a  drama. 
Artiste   [F.].     A  high-class  actor. 


Ballet-dancer. 
Ballet-girl. 


One  who  dances  in  the  ballet. 


.Buffo  [It.], 1   ,    . 

Buffoon.      J  A  clown;  a  jester. 


Call-boy.     A  boy  who  calls  actors  to  the  stage. 

Chorus  singer.     One  who  sings  in  a  chorus. 

Clown.     A  jester  in  a  theater  or  circus. 

Columbine.     The  mistress  of  Harlequin  in  pantomimes. 

Comedian.     An  actor  or  writer  of  comedy. 

Company.  ^  A  number  of  players  united  for  dramatic  performances. 

Contortionist.     One  who  twists  and  contorts  his  body  for  a  show. 

Coryphee.     A  female  premier  dancer,  leader  of  a  ballet. 

Costumier  [F.].     One  who  prepares  costumes  for  the  theaters. 

Danseuse.     A  female  ballet-dancer. 

Debutant,  m.;  debutante,  i.  [F.].     A  person  who  makes  his  or  her 

first  public  appearance. 
Dramatic  author.     The  writer  of  a  dramatic  composition. 
Dramatic  writer.     One  who  writes  concerning  the  drama. 
Dramatist.     One  who  writes  dramas. 

Entrepreneur  [F.].     The  proprietor  of  a  dramatic  entertainment. 
Farceur  [F.].     A  comic  actor. 
Figurante  [F.].     A  ballet  dancer. 
First  tragedian.     The  leading  tragic  actor. 
General  utility.     An  actor  used  for  any  part. 
Genteel  comedian.     An  actor  of  refined  comedy. 
Grimacier  [F.].     One  who  makes  grimaces  or  wry  faces 

Guiser     i  ^ne  w^°  p'ays  'n  a  masquerade. 

Gysart.     A  mummer. 

Harlequin.     A  fancifully  dressed  character  in  pantomime. 

Heavy  father.     An  actor  playing  the  part  of  a  dignified  fathc. 

Impresario  [It.].     One  who  manages  an  opera  company. 

Ingenue  [F.].     An  actress  who  fills  the  role  of  an  artless  character. 

Jack  Pudding.     A  buffoon. 

J eune  premier  [F.].     The  leading  young  gentleman. 

Jeune  veuve  [F.].     Young  widow. 

Light  comedian.     An  actor  of  light  comedy. 

Low  comedian.     An  actor  of  low  comedy. 

Machinist.     One  who  attends  to  the  machinery  of  the  stage. 

Manager.     One  who  conducts  a  dramatic  company  or  theater 

Masque.     One  who  wears  a  masque :  an  actor. 

Mime  or  Mimer.     An  actor  in  a  mimic  play. 

Mimeographer.     A  writer  of  mimic  plays 

Mountebank.     A  charlatan. 


ACTING. 


ACTING. 


Mummer.     A  masked  buffoon. 

Mute.     One  whose  part  in  a  play  consists  only  of  dumb  show. 

Pantaloon.     A  ridiculous  character  in  Italian  comedy. 

Pantomimist.     An  actor  in  a  dumb  show. 

Performer.     One  who  shows  skill  in  dramatic  art. 

Player.     A  dramatic  actor. 

Playwright,  play-writer.     One  who  writes  plays. 

Posture-master.    A  teacher  or  maker  of  artificial  postures  of  the  body. 

Prima  donna  [It.].     The  leading  female  singer  in  an  opera. 

Prompter.   One  who  prompts  the  actors  when  they  forget  their  lines. 

Property-man.     One  in  charge  of  portable  articles  used  in  plays. 

Protagonist.     Leading  actor  in  Greek  dramas 

Pukinella,  Pulcinello  [It.],  Punch,  Punchinello.  The  hero  in  a 
puppet  show. 

Soubrette.  An  actress  who  plays  the  part  of  a  pert,  mischievous 
lady's-maid. 

Stage-carpenter.  The  man  who  docs  the  carpentry  work  for  putting 
plays  on  the  stage. 

Stage- manager.  One  who  superintends  the  production  and  perform- 
ance of  a  play. 

Stage-player.     An  actor  on  a  stage. 

Stager.     An  actor;  a  stage-horse . 

Star.     A  brilliant  and  distinguished  actor. 

Strolling-player.     An  itinerant  actor. 

Super  Supernumerary.  A  person  employed  in  addition  to  the  regu- 
lar number  of  actors,  but  who  has  no  speaking  part. 

Thespian.    An  actor. 

Tragedian.    A  tragic  actor. 

Tragedienne  [F.].     A  tragic  actress. 

Tumbler.     One  who  plays  the  tricks  of  an  acrobat  or  contortionist. 

Walking  gentleman.  An  actor  filling  parts  requiring  a  gentlemanly 
appearance. 

Acting — Associated  Nouns. 

Act.     A  part  of  a  drama. 

Act-drop.     The  curtain  drop  at  the  end  of  an  act. 

Buffoonery.     The  practises  and  art  of  a  buffoon ;  low  drollery. 

Character.     A  part  assumed  in  a  play. 

Curtain.     The  movable  screen  in  a  theater  concealing  the  stage. 

Dramatis  persona  [L.].     The  characters  of  a  drama. 

Drop-scene.     A  painted  picture  dropped  in  front  of  the  stage. 

Epilogue.     A  speech  or  poem  recited  to  the  audience  by  an  actor 

after  a  play. 
Flat.     The  half  of  a  scene. 
Flies.     The  galleries  running  along  the  side  of  a  stage  where  the 

scene  ropes  are  worked. 
Floats.     A  mechanical  contrivance  for  elevating  performers  above 

the  stage. 
Foot-lights.     A  row  of  lights  in  front  of  and  level  with  the  stage  to 

light  it  up. 
Gag.     An  interpolation  in  his  part  introduced  by  an  actor  himself. 
Gesture.     See  Sign. 
Impersonation.     See  Delineation. 
Induction.     The  preface  of  a  play. 

Introduction.     The  part  of  a  play  which  precedes  the  main  part. 
Jeu  de  thidtre  [F.].     A  stage  trick. 
Libretto  [It.].     The  words  of  an  opera. 
Marionettes  [F.].     Puppets  moved  by  strings. 
Mezzanine  floor.     A  stage. 
Mise  en  scene  [F.].     The  putting  on  the  stage. 
Orchestra.     The  band  which  furnishes  music  for  a  theater. 
Part.     Character  assigned  to  an  actor  in  a  play. 
Performance.     The  exhibition  of  character  on  the  stage. 
Prologue.     The  speech  or  poem  spoken  before  the  beginning  of  a  dra- 
matic performance. 
Proscenium.      The  part  in  a  theater  from  the  drop-curtain  to  the 

orchestra. 
Repertoire  [F.].     A  list  of  performances  which  a  dramatic  company 

can  render. 
Representation.     A  dramatic  performance. 
Role   [F.].     A  character  taken  by  an  actor. 
Scene.     A  stage;  the  imaginary  place  wherein  the  action  of  a  play 

occurs. 
Screen.     A   partition    concealing   the    stage   from    the   audience. 
Side-scene.     A  minor  scene  at  the  side  of  the  stage. 
Stage.     The  raised  platform  on  which  a  theatrical  performance  takes 

place. 
Stage-business.     The  calling  of  the  stage,  engaged  in  for  a  profession. 
Staging.     Prepare  3  a  piece  for  stage  presentation. 
Tableau.     A  pictur.  scene  in  which  the  players  remain  silent. 
Theatrical  costume.     Form  of  dress  used  in  a  theatrical  performance. 
Theatrical  properties.     The  requisite  goods  for  the  presentation  of  a 

drama. 
Transformation  scene.     A  gorgeous  scene  at  the  conclusion  of  the 


burlesque  of  a  pantomime,  in  which  the  principal  characters  are 
supposedly  transformed  into  the  leading  actors  in  the  following 
harlequinade. 

Trap.     A  door  in  the  floor  of  a  stage. 

Wing.     One  of  the  sides  of  the  stage,  or  a  piece  of  scenery  for  the  side. 

Acting— Nouns  of  Place. 

Amphitheater.  A  theater  built  around  an  open  space,  with  rising 
tiers  of  seats. 

Auditorium.     A  building  arranged  for  audiences. 

Auditory.     A  place  for  hearing. 

Balcony.     The  seating  part  of  a  theater  first  below  the  gallery. 

Boxes.     Enclosed  places  in  a  theater  furnished  with  seats. 

Circus.  A  place  of  amusement  where  feats  of  horsemanship  and 
acrobatic  tricks  form  the  chief  display. 

Coulisses  [F.].     Spaces  included  between  the  side  scenes  on  a  stage 

Dress  circle.     Seating  part  of  a  theater  back  of  the  parquet. 

Front  of  the  house.     The  forepart  of  the  theater. 

Gallery.     The  topmost  seats  in  a  theater. 

Green-room.  A  room  near  the  stage  to  which  the  actors  retire  be- 
tween their  parts. 

Hippodrome.  An  ancient  racecourse;  also  applied  to  a  modern 
circus. 

Music-hall.     A  building  devoted  to  musical  entertainments. 

Opera-house.  A  theater  where  operas  or  musical  dramas  are  ren- 
dered. 

Parquet  or  Pit.  Seating  part  of  a  theater  on  the  floor  next  to  the 
orchestra. 

Playhouse.     House  devoted  to  the  playing  of  dramas. 

Stalls  or  Fauteuils.    Theater  seats  separated  from  the  others. 

Theater.     A  building  adapted  to  dramatic  representations. 

Acting — Figurative  Expressions 

Buskin.     A  high  shoe  worn  by  tragic  actors;  hence,  used  figuratively 

to  express  the  tragic  drama. 
Cothurnus  [L.].     Buskin;  hence,  tragedy. 
Melpomene  and  Thalia.     The  Grecian  muses  of  tragedy  and  comedy, 

figuratively  used  for  tragic  and  comic  drama. 
Roscius.     Roman  comedian ;  hence,  an  actor. 
Sock.     A  shoe  worn  by  ancient  comedians;  hence,  used  figuratively 

for  comedy   as   distinguished   from   the   buskin   or  tragedy. 
The  boards.     Figurative  expression  for  the  stage  of  a  theater. 
Thespis.     A  leader  of  the  early  Greek  drama. 

Acting — Verbs. 

Act     To  carry  out  a  dramatic  part. 

Act  a  part,  come  out.     To  make  a  stage  debmt. 

Enact.     To  represent  as  in  a  play. 

Gag.     To  introduce  a  gag.     See  Associated  Nouns. 

Go  through  a  part,  mimic.     See  Imitate. 

Perform.     To  act  out,  as  on  a  stage. 

Perform  a  part,  personate.     See  Delineation. 

Play  a  part,  put  on  the  stage. 

Rant.     To  declaim  boisterously. 

Rehearse.     To  practise  a  play. 

Spout.     To  utter  or  act  for  effect. 

Star  it.     To  take  the  part  of  a  star.     See  Associated  Nouns. 

"Strut  and  fret  one's  hour  upon  a  stage.**      From  As  You  Like  It 

wherein  Shakespeare  likens  life  to  a  part  played  on  a  stage. 
Tread  the  boards,  tread  the  stage.     The  profession  of  an  actor. 

Acting — Adjectives. 

Buskined.     Wearing  buskins,  pertaining  to  tragedy. 

Comic.     Provoking  mirth. 

Dramatic.     Pertaining  to  representation  on  the  stage. 

Farcical.     Belonging  to  a  farce  or  burlesque. 

Histrionic.     Pertaining  to  the  stage. 

Melodramatic.     Pertaining  to  a  melodrama,  a  romantic  play  full  of 

startling  incidents. 
Operatic.     Pertaining  to  the  musical  form  of  the  drama. 
Scenic.     Dramatic;  theatrical. 
Stagey.     Pertaining  to  the  stage;  theatrical. 
Theatric,   theatrical.     Of   the   nature   of   dramatic    representation 

befitting  the  stage. 
Tragic.    Pertaining  to  tragedy. 
Tragi-comic.    Partly  tragic  and  partly  comic. 

Acting — Adverbial  Phrases. 

Before  the  floats;  before  an  audience;  behind  the  scenes;  on  the 
boards:  on  the  stage. 


ACTING  CORPORAL. 


10 


ACTION— PASSIVENESS. 


act'-ing  cor'-po-ral.     A    military    officer.     Chief-Un- 
derling. 

ac-tin'-ic.     Pertaining  to  radiation   of  light  or  heat. 
Light-Darkness. 

ac'-tin-ism.     Chemical  effect  of  light.     Light-Dark- 
ness. 


ac"-ti-nom'-e-ter.  Instrument  for  measuring  radiation. 
Optical  Instruments. 

ac'-tion.  Exertion  of  power.  Action-Passiveness, 
Agency,  Litigation,  Strife-Peace;  line  of  action, 
Conduct;  putin  action,  Use-Disuse;  suit  the  action 
to  the  word,  Sign;  thick  of  the  action,  Activity- 
Indolence. 


ACTION— PASSIVENESS. 


Achievement.     A  successful  actipn. 

Act.     That  which  is  done  or  doing. 

Action.     Exertion  of  power  or  force  in  doing  something 

Actor.     One  who  acts,  or  takes  part  in  any  affair.     See  Agent. 

Agency.     The  faculty  of  exerting  power.     See  Agency. 

Blow.     A  sudden  or  forcible  act  or  effort. 

Bout.     As  much  of  an  action  as  is  performed  at  one  time. 

Business.  That  which  one  has  to  do  or  should  do.  See  Occupa- 
tion. 

Coup  d'itat  [F.].     A  violent  measure  of  state  in  public  affairs. 

Coup  de  main  [F.].     A  sudden  effort. 

Dealings.     Methods  of  business. 

Deed.     That  which  is  done  or  effected  by  a  responsible  agent. 

Doing.     An  action,  good  or  bad.     See  Verbs. 

Doings.     Behavior;  conduct. 

Evolution.  The  prescribed  movement  of  a  body  of  troops,  or  a  vessel 
or  fleet. 

Execution.     A  carrying  into  effect  or  to  completion. 

Exercise.     Activity  for  the  benefit  or  training  of  body  or  mind. 

Exercitation.     Practise;  use. 

Exploit.     A  deed  of  renown. 

Feat.     An  act  displaying  skill,  endurance,  or  daring. 

Gest.     A  deed,  or  an  action. 

Handicraft.  The  application  of  skill  and  expertness  in  working  with 
the  hands. 

Handiwork.     Work  done  by  the  hands. 

Job.     A  piece  of  work  done,  or  to  be  done,  as  a  whole. 

Labor.  Physical  or  mental  action  for  some  useful  or  desired  end. 
See  Toil. 

Maneuver.     A  movement  or  change  of  position. 

Measure.     A  specific  act  or  course. 

Move.     An  act  in  the  carrying  out  of  a  plan. 

Movement.     A  series  of  actions  tending  toward  some  end. 

Operation.     A  mode  of  action. 

Overt  act.     An  open  or  manifest  act. 

Passage.     The  act  of  going  from  point  to  point. 

Performance.     Anything  done  or  completed. 

Perpetration.     A  doing,  commonly  used  of  doing  something  wrong. 

Praxis  [Gr.].     Exercise  or  discipline  for  a  specific  purpose. 

Procedure.  An  act  performed ,  the  manner  of  moving  forward.  See 
Way. 

Proceeding.     An  act,  or  course  of  action. 

Step.  A  single  action  or  proceeding  regarded  as  leading  to  some- 
thing. 

Stitch.     Space  passed  over  at  any  one  time. 

Stroke.     A  powerful  or  sudden  effort  by  which  something  is  done. 

Stroke  of  policy.  A  masterly  effort;  a  successful  attempt.  See  De- 
sign. 

Touch.     Any  slight  or  delicate  effort. 

Tour  de  force  [F.].     A  feat  of  strength  or  skill.     See  Pomp. 

Transaction.     The  doing  or  performing  of  any  business. 

Work.      Exertion  of  strength  or  faculties. 

Workmanship.     The  execution  or  manner  of  making  anything. 

Action — Verbs. 

Achieve      To  bring  something  difficult  to  a  successful  conclusion. 

Act.     To  produce  movement  or  effect. 

Act  a  part  in.     To  carry  out  or  fulfil  with  others. 

Act  upon.     To  take  action. 

Be  an  actor.     To  be  one  who  takes  part  in  any  work.     See  Agent. 

Be  a  participant  in,  be  a  party  to.     To  have  a  part  or  share  of. 

Bear  a  hand.     To  give  aid. 

Be  at  work.     To  be  using  one's  powers  mentally  or  physically. 

Be  in  action.     To  put  forth  power. 

Carry  into  execution.     To  finish.     See  Completion. 

Commit.     To  perform. 

Do.     To  bring  to  accomplishment. 

Employ  oneself.     To  have  one's  powers  engaged. 

Enact.     To  carry  out  in  action. 

Execute.     To  perform  or  accomplish  something. 

Exercise.     To  employ  actively  in  order  to  train  or  develop. 

Have  a  finger  in  the  pie,  have  a  hand  in.     To  take  part  in  some  y.^k. 


Abstinence  from  action.     Voluntary  forbearance  from  labor. 

Conservative  policy.     A  settled  method  opposed  to  change. 

Dolce  jar  niente  [It.].     Sweet  idleness. 

Fabian  policy.     A  course  of  action  avoiding  a  decisive  contest. 

Idle  hours.     Time  not  turned  to  appropriate  use. 

Inaction.     Idleness;  rest. 

Inactivity.     Want  of  energy.     See  Activity-Indolence. 

Inoccupation.     Want  of  any  work  to  engage  the  time  and  attention. 

Neglect.  Failure  to  do  or  use  anything.  See  Neglect,  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness. 

Non-interference.     Not  taking  part  in  the  business  of  another. 

Passiveness.     Tendency  to  remain  in  a  given  state  of  motion  or  rest. 

Quiescence.     State  of  repose.     See  Movement-Rest. 

Rest.     Freedom  from  motion  or  labor.     See  Toil-Relaxation. 

Sinecure.  Any  office  or  position  which  involves  little  or  no  active 
service. 

Time  hanging  on  one's  hands.     Time  unemployed. 

Want  of  occupation.     Without  work  or  employment. 

Passiveness — Verbal  Expressions. 

Abstain  from  doing;  beguile  the  time;  be  inactive;  bide  one's  time; 
cool  one's  heels;  desist;  destroy;  do  away  with;  do  nothing;  fill 
up  the  time;  fold  one's  arms;  fold  one's  hands,  have  nothing  to 
do;  keep  oneself  from  doing;  keep  quiet;  kick  one's  heels;  laisstr 
aller  [F.],  let  alone;  laisser  jaire  IF.],  suffer  to  have  its  own  way; 
leave  alone;  let  alone;  let  be;  let  it  have  its  way;  let  pass;  let  things 
take  their  course;  let  well  alone;  lie  by;  lie  fallow;  lie  idle;  lie  in 
ordinary;  lie  in  wait;  lie  on  the  shelf;  lie  to;  lie  upon  one's  oars; 
live  and  let  live;  not  act;  not  attempt;  not  do;  not  lift  a  finger; 
not  lift  a  foot;  not  lift  a  peg;  not  move;  not  stir;  pass  the  time; 
pause;  quieta  non  movere  [L.],  to  be  at  rest;  refrain;  relax; 
remit  one's  efforts;  rest  and  be  thankful;  rest  upon  one's  oars; 
slug;  spare;  stand  aloof;  stare  super  antiquas  vias  [L.],  to  remain 
unchanged;  stop;  take  down;  take  time;  take  to  pieces;  talk 
against  time;  tide  it  over;  undo;  wait;  waste  time;  while  away  the 
tedious  hours;  while  away  the  time;  whistle  for  want  of  thought 

Passiveness — Adjectives. 

Disoeuvri  [F.].     Unemployed;  idle. 

Fallow.     Untilled;  neglected. 

Not  doing,  not  done.     See  Verbs. 

Out  of  employ.     Without  work. 

Out  of  work.     Idle. 

Passive.     Not  active,  but  acted  upon. 

Undone.     Not  worked  upon ;  neglected. 

Unemployed.     Not  engaged  to  work. 

Unoccupied.     Not  working. 

Passiveness — Adverbs. 

At  a  stand.     Unable  to  move. 
Les  bras  croisis  [F.].     With  folded  hands. 
Pour  passer  le  temps  [F.].     To  pass  away  the  time. 
Re  infecta  [L.].     The  business  being  unfinished. 

With  folded  arms,  with  the  hands  behind  one's  back,  with  the  hands 
in  the  pockets.     Figurative  expressions  for  idleness. 

Passiveness — Interactions. 

Bands  off!  so  let  it  be!  stop! 

Passiveness — Phrase. 
Cunctando  restituit  rem  I.L.],     He  restored  the  state  by  delaying. 


ACTION— Verbs— Continued. 
Have  In  hand.     To  have  in  one's  power  or  control.     See  Business 
Ilave  to  do  with.     To  make  use  of. 
Inflict.     To  cause  or  produce  by  striking. 

Labor.     To  strive  to  accomplish  some  purpose  or  work.     See  Toil. 
Lend  a  hand,  lift  a  finger.     To  help,  or  give  assistance. 


ACTION. 


IX 


ACTIVITY— INDOLENCE. 


ACTION—  Verbs— Continued. 


Mix  oneself  up  with.  To  take  a  part  in  when  not  wanted.  See  Med- 
dle. 

Officiate.     To  act  as  an  officer. 

Operate.     To  put  in  action  and  supervise  the  working  of. 

Participate  in.     To  have  a  part  in. 

Perform,-     To  bring  to  completion. 

Perform  a  part  in.     To  do  a  part  of  a  work. 

Perpetrate.     To  do  or  carry  through. 

Play.     Action  without  special  aim  or  for  amusement. 

Play  a  part  in.     To  be  one  of  many  engaged  in  a  work. 

Ply  one's  task.     To  work  with  steadiness. 

Practise.  To  perform  repeatedly  and  systematically  by  way  of 
training. 

Prosecute.     To  follow  up  with  a  view  to  attain  or  accomplish. 


Pull  an  oar.     To  give  aid. 

Pursue  a  course.     To  endeavor  persistently  to  attain  or  gain. 
Put  in  practise.     To  perform. 
Put  oneself  in  motion.     To  begin  to  work. 
Run  in  a  race.     To  take  part  in  a  work. 

Shape  one's  course.     To  mark  out  one's  actions.     See  Conduct. 
Stretch  forth  one's  hand.     To  give  aid  or  help  to. 
Strike  a  blow.     To  be  active  in  any  occasion  of  employing  force. 
Take  action.     To  begin  to  d6  something. 
Take  a  part  in.     To  be  engaged  with  others  in  any  work- 
Take  in  hand.     To  attempt  or  undertake.     See  Undertaking. 
Take  steps.     To  busy  oneself  with. 
Transact.     To  carry  through  work. 
Work.     To  put  forth  effort  for  the  attainment  of  an  object. 


Act  ion — A  djectives. 


Acting.     Doing. 

Doing.     Carrying  out  in  action.     See  Verbs.  • 

In  action.     At  work. 


Flagrante  delicto  [L.].     (Taken)  in  the  flagrant  fault. 


Fm're  sans  dire  [F.].    To  act  withou*-  talking. 
Fare,  foe  [LJ.     Speak  do. 


In  harness.     In  active  duty. 

In  operation.     In  effect.     See  Agency. 


Act  io  n — A  dverbs . 


In  the  act,  in  the  midst  of,  in  the  thick  of,  red-handed,  while  one*' 
hand  is  in. 


Act  i  o  n — Phrases . 


Fronte  capitlata,  post  est  otcasto  calva  [L.]. 
she  has  hair  in  front,  is  bald  behind. 


Opportunity,  thougo 


ac'-tion-a-ble.  Affording  cause  for  lawsuit  Law- 
Lawlessness. 

actions,  les  belles,  .cackles  sont  les  plus  estimables  [F.] 
(le  bel  ac-si-on',  ca-she'  son*  le  pliiz  es-ti-mabl') . 
Beautiful  acts  hidden  are  the  most  worthy  of  praise. 
Approval-Disapproval. 


act'-ive.  Agile.  Activity-Indolence,  Swiftness- 
Slowness,  Vigor-Inertia;  active  service,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation; active  thought,  Heed-Disre- 
gard; active  voice,  Verb. 

act'-ive-ly.     Briskly.     Activity-Indolence. 

ac-tiv'-i-ty.  Exertion  of  energy.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Vigor-Inertia. 


ACTIVITY— INDOLENCE. 


Abandon.     Careless  and  easy  activity. 

Activity.     The  state  of  being  active,  nimble  or  brisk. 

Ado.     Unnecessary  activity. 

Agility.     Activity  in  the  movement  of  the  limbs. 

Alacrity.     A  cheerful,  joyful  activity,  or  promptitude. 

Animation.     Liveliness  of  the  mind. 

Ardor.     Eagerness  of  passion,  great  activity. 

Assiduity.     Faithful   careful  activity. 

Assiduousness.     Unremitted  effort.     See  Adjectives. 

Bother.     Having  annoying  activity;  annoyance. 

Briskness.     Quick,  sprightly  activity. 

Bustle.     A  stimulated  activity. 

Dabbling.     Activity  in  a  slight  and  careless  way. 

Dash.     Spirited  movement. 

Despatch.     Hasty,  prompt  execution;  expedition, 

Devotion.     Zealous  activity  especially  in  religion. 

tion. 
Diligence. 
Dispatch. 
Drudgery. 
Eagerness. 


Se«  Determina- 


See  Persevering. 


Assiduous  activity. 
See  Despatch. 

Wearisome  work;  disgusting  activity.     See  Toil. 
Anxious  to  do;  excited  by  desire. 
Earnestness.     A  permanent  desire  in  the  pursuit  of  good. 
Empressement  [F.].     Eagerness,  forwardness. 
Energy.     Readiness  for  action. 

Exertion.     Act  of  putting  in  motion,  or  mental  activity.     See  Toil. 
Expedition.     Quickness  in  action. 
Fidget.     Nervous  movements. 
Fidgetiness.     Quality  of  being  fidgety. 
Flurry.     Sudden  activity,  a  flutter.     See  Hurry. 
Fuss.     Unnecessary  activity  about  small  things. 
Haste.     Quickness  of  movement.     See  Hurry. 
Industry.     Earnest  activity. 
Insomnium  [L.].     Sleeplessness;  vigilance. 

Intentness.     The  quality  of  having  the  mind  firmly  fixed  on  one  pur- 
pose. 
Interference.     Activity  in  taking  part  in  the  concerns  of  others. 
Intermeddling.     Interfering  improperly  in  the  affairs  of  others. 
Interposition.     A  friendly  mediation  in  the  affairs  of  others. 
Intrigue.     A  seeking  of  an  end  by  sinister  ways. 
Life.     Animation,  spirit,  vim. 

Liveliness.     Continuous  feeling  of  life  and  vigor.     See  Adjectives. 
Nimbleness.     The  quality  of  being  very  active. 
Officiousness.     Impertinently  meddling  in  the  affairs  of  others. 


Dawdling.     Aimless,  trifling  action.     See  Verbs. 

Drowsiness.     Disposition  to  sleep  or  inactivity.     See  Adjectives. 

Dulness.     Slowness  of  understanding;  stupidity.     See  Adjectives. 

Heaviness.     The  quality  of  being  heavy  or  depressed. 

Idleness.     The  state  of  being  inactive. 

Inaction.     Cessation  from  action.     See  Action-Passiveness. 

Inactivity.     Want  of  action. 

Indiligence.     Want  of  diligence. 

Indolence.     An  indisposition  to  labor. 

Inertness.     Absence  of  activity.     See  Vigor-Inertia. 

Languor.     Condition  in  which  there  is  no  disposition  to  exertion. 

Lentor.     Slowness,  delay. 

Lethargy.     A  state  of  inaction  or  dulness. 

Lull.    Cessation  from  activity.    See  Continuance-Discontinuancb, 

Nodding.     Lacking  in  care  or  diligence.     See  Verbs. 

Obstinacy.     Perseverance  in  one's  own  way.     See  Bigotry. 

Oscitancy.     Act  of  gaping,  sluggishness. 

Oscitation.     See  Oscitancy. 

Pandiculation.  A  stiffening  of  trunk  and  extremities,  as  in  sleep 
or  fatigue. 

Pottering.     Walking  sluggishly;  trifling. 

Procrastination.     Habit  of  delaying.     See  Earliness-Lateness. 

Quiescence.     A  state  of  repose,  or  inactivity.    See  Movement-Rest. 

Relaxation.  Remission  from  active  duty.  See  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness. 

Remissness.     Act  of  being  careless  in  matters.     See  Adjectives. 

Rust.     Any  addition  or  change  coming  from  degeneration. 

Rustiness.     State  of  being  rusty. 

Seenitv     *  1  Slowness,  dulness.        , 
Sloth.     Strong  indisposition  to  inactivity. 

Sluggishness.     State  of  being  inactive.     See  Swiftness-Slowness. 
Somnolence.     Inclination  to  sleepiness. 

Stupor.      Great    inactivity    of    the    senses.      See    Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 
Torpescence.    State  of  becoming  torpid. 
Torpidity.     State  of  being  torpid. 
Torpor.     State  in  which  power  of  exertion  is  lost. 

Indolence — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Afternoon  farmer;  dawdle;  do-little;  dormouse;  droil;  drone;  dummy; 
jarniant  [F.}S  fruges  consumere  natus  [L.\  born  to  consume  fruits' 
idler;   laggard;  lazzaronc   [It.];  loafer;  lotus  eater;  lounger;  luV 


ACTIVITY. 


12 


ACTIVITY— INDOLENCE. 


ACTIVITY—  INDOLENCE— Continued. 


Painstaking.     Diligent  and  faithful  in  the  performance  of  duty. 

Perfervidum  ingen4um  [L.].     Very  eager  nature. 

Perseverance.     Persistence  in  purpose.     See  Persistence. 

Pervigilium  [L.].     A  watching  all  night. 

Pottering.     Being  active  to  little  purpose. 

Promptitude.    Acting  upon  the  moment. 

Punctuality.     Done  at  a  precise  time.     See  Earliness. 

Quickness.     Quality  of  being  quick.     See  Adjectives. 

Racketing.     An  indulgence  in  boisterous  pleasures. 

Restlessness.     The  quality  of  being  eager  for  change. 

Sedulity.     The  quality  of  being  persevering  in  effort. 

Sleeplessness.     Insomnia;  vigilance. 

Smartness      Quickness  in  action  or  thought. 

Spirit.     Energy;  vivacity. 

Stir.     Activity  in  anything;  public  excitement. 

Tampering  with.     Meddling  with. 

Velocity.     Rapid  motion,  celerity.     See  Swiftness. 

Vigilance.     "Watchfulness.     See  Carefulness. 

Vigour.     Vital  strength ;  natural  force.     See  Vigor. 

Wakefulness.     Constant  activity. 

Zeal.     Fervor  in  the  pursuit  of  any  object. 

Activity — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Blade;  busy  bee;  busybody;  devotee;  enthusiast;  housewife;  inter- 
meddler;  intriguer;  meddler;  new  broom;  pickthank;  sharp 
fellow;  zealot. 

Activity — Phrases. 

Battle  of  life;  busy  hum  of  men;  great  doings;  habits  of  business; 
many  irons  in  the  fire;  no  sinecure;  plenty  to  do;  press  of  business; 
thick  of  the  action. 

Activity — Verbs. 

Agitate.     Stir  up  greatly. 

Bestir.     Arouse  into  action. 

Bustle.     Be  very  active  and  noisy. 

Fuss      Be  active  in  small  matters. 

Hasten.     Move  swiftly. 

Interfere.     Meddle  in  the  concerns  of  others. 

Intermeddle.     Be  active  in  the  affairs  of  others. 

Interpose.     Place  oneself  between  persons  at  variance 

Intrigue.     Effect  a  purpose  by  stratagem. 

Meddle.     Interfere. 

Moil.     Labor  hard. 

Obtrude.     Thrust  in  without  permission. 

Outdo.     Excel. 

Overact.     Act  too  well. 

Overdo.     Do  too  well. 

Overlay      Cover  completely. 

Persist.  Continue  with  determination  in  any  course.  See  Deter- 
mination. 

Plod.     Keep  at  a  thing. 

Push.     Press  onward. 

Rise.     Get  up. 

Speed.     Cause  to  move  with  haste. 

Stir.     Move. 

Toil.     Labor.     See  Toil. 

Activity—  Verbal  Phrases. 

Arouse  oneself;  be  about;  be  active;  be  busy;  bestir  oneself;  busy 
oneself  in;  dash  off;  do  one's  best;  do  wonders;  elbow  one's  way; 
fight  one's  way;  get  up  early;  go  ahead;  go  all  lengths;  have  a 
finger  in  the  pie;  have  a  hand  in;  have  all  one's  eyes  about  one; 
have  much  on  one's  hands;  have  one's  fling;  have  one's  hands  full; 
have  other  fish  to  fry;  have  other  things  to  do;  improve  the  shining 
hour;  keep  moving;  keep  the  pot  boiling;  keep  up  the  ball;  kick 
up  a  dust;  kill  two  birds  with  one  stone;  lay  about  one;  look 
sharp;  lose  no  time;  make  a  fuss;  make  a  push;  make  a  stir; 
make  haste;  make  progress  (see  Advance);  make  short  work  of; 
make  the  most;  make  the  most  of  one's  time;  mix  oneself  up  with; 
not  have  a  moment  that  one  can  call  his  own;  not  have  a  moment 
to  spare;  not  lose  a  moment;  not  suffer  the  grass  to  grow  under 
one's  feet;  overshoot  the  mark;  peg  away;  poke  one's  nose  in; 
push  forward;  put  in  one's  oar;  raise  a  dust;  rouse  oneself;  run 
riot;  run  the  round  of;  seize  the  opportunity  (see  Opportune- 
ness); steal  a  march;  stick  at  nothing;  stir  about;  stir  one's 
stumps;  take  an  active  part;  take  pains;  tamper  with;  thrust 
one's  nose  in;  trouble  one's  head  about;  work  wonders. 
Activity — Adjectives. 

Active.     Having  activity,  quick  in  movement. 

Afoot.     On  foot. 

Agile.     Having  power  of  quick  movement  of  body. 

Agoing.     In  movement. 

Alert.     Active  in  watchfulness. 

Alive.     In  a  state  of  operation  or  activity. 


bard;    lubber;   marmot;    mopus;   opium  eater;   sleeping  partner; 

slow  coach;  slug;  sluggard;  slumberer;  truant  (see  Evasion)  ;  waiter 

on  Providence. 

Indolence — Cause 
Lullaby.  A  song  that  causes  sleep  or  rest. 
Sedative.     A    medicine    that    allays    pain    and    gives    rest.     Se« 

Turbulence-Calmness. 
Torpedo.     A  numbfish. 

Indolence — Accompaniment. 
Balmy  sleep;   coma;   doze;   dream;   dull  work;   ecstasts  LL.],  trance; 
forty  winks;    heavy  eyelids;    heavy  sleep;    hibernation,  wintering 
in  a  secluded  place  and  torpid  state;  nap;  siesta;  sleep;  slumber; 
snooze;  snore;   sound  sleep;   trance;   wink  of  sleep. 
Indolence — Associated  Nouns. 

Hypnology.     Science  of  sleep. 

Hypnotism.     Art  of  producing  sleep  by  artificial  means,  of  producing 

a  suspension  of  activity. 
Indolence,  Castle  of.    Figurative  expression  for  a  place  to  take  one's 

ease;  a  poem  by  Thomson. 
Morpheus.     The  god  of  dreams. 

Indolence — Verbs. 

Dabble.     Play  in  water;  trifle. 

Dawdle.     Trifle  away  time. 

Dilly-dally.     Take  matters  easily. 

LJoze.     Sleep  lightly. 

Drawl.     Speak  with  a  slow,  lazy  utterance. 

Dream.     Let  the  mind  wander. 

Droil.     Work  slowly. 

Drowse.     Be  inclined  to  sleep. 

Faddle.     Trifle. 

Fiddle-faddle.     Talk  foolishly. 

Flag.     Stop  by  a  flag. 

Fribble .     Walk  with  tottering  step ;  fritter. 

Hibernate .     Go  into  a  comatose  state  during  winter. 

Lag.     Move  slowly. 

Languish.     Be  dull  and  inactive. 

Loaf.     Spend  time  idly. 

Loiter.     Delay,  or  linger  behind. 

Loll.     Lie  at  ease;  act  lazily. 

Lounge.     Lie  about  carelessly. 

Mitigate .     Make  less  severe ;  alleviate. 

Nap.     Take  a  short  sleep. 

Nod.     Incline  the  head. 

Oversleep.     Sleep  too  long. 

Peddle.  Carry  goods  for  sale  from  house  to  house;  do  an  insignifi- 
cant business. 

Piddle.     Occupy  oneself  with  trifles. 

Potter.     Work  without  spirit. 

Putter.     Trifle. 

Relax.     Render  languid. 

Slouch.     Move  awkwardly. 

Sluggardize.     Make  a  sluggard. 

Slumber.     Sleep. 

Snooze.     Sleep  for  short  time. 

Snore.     Make  a  rough  noise  during  sleep. 

Vegetate.     Live  an  idle  life. 

Yawn.     Open  the  mouth;  gape. 

Indolence — Verbal  Phrases. 

Be  asleep;  be  inactive;  burn  daylight;  close  the  eyes;  consume  time; 
do  nothing  (see  Action-Passiveness)  ;  drop  asleep;  dropoff;  eat 
the  bread  of  idleness;  expend  itself;  fall  asleep;  fritter  away  time; 
get  sleepy;  go  off  to  sleep;  go  to  bed;  go  to  sleep;  hang  back; 
hang  fire;  idle  away  time;  kill  time;  lead  an  easy  life;  let  the 
grass  grow  under  one's  feet;  loll  in  the  lap  of  indolence;  loll  in  the 
lap  of  luxury;  lose  time;  move  slowly  (see  Swiftness-Slowness); 
render  idle  (see  Adjectives) ;  seal  up  the  eyelids;  seal  up  the  eyes; 
settle  off  to  sleep;  sleep  at  one's  post;  sleep  heavily;  sleep  like  a 
dormouse;  sleep  like  a  log;  sleep  like  a  top;  sleep  soundly;  spend 
time;  spend  time  in;  swim  in  the  stream;  take  a  nap  (see  Nouns) ; 
take  it  easy;  take  one's  time;  take  things  as  they  come;  take  time 
in;  trifle  away  time;  turn  in;  waste  time;  waste  the  precious  hours; 
weigh  down  the  eyelids. 

Indole  n  ce — A  djectives. 

Asleep.     In  sleep. 

Balmy.     Soft,  soothing. 

Comatose.     In  the  state  of  coma. 

Dead  asleep.     In  a  deep  sleep. 

Dilatory.     Delaying,  lingering. 

Dormant.     Inactive. 


ACTIVITY. 


13 


ACTIVITY— INDOLENCE 


ACTIVITY— INDOLENCE— Continued. 


ACTIVITY—  Adjectives— Continued. 

Alive  and  frisking.     Alive  and  active. 

Animated.     Full  of  vital  activity. 

Assiduous.     Unremitting  in  activity  or  effort. 

Astir.     On  the  move. 

At  caii.     Liable  to  be  required  at  any  time. 

At  work,  awake.     Come  out  of  sleep,  vigilant. 

Brisk.'    Having  life,  vivacity,  or  spirit. 

Brisk  as  a  bee.    Active. 

Brisk  as  a  lark.     Very  brisk. 

Broad  awake.     Fully  awake. 

Business-like.     Requiring  attention  and  assiduity. 

Bustling.     Excitedly  stirring  about. 

Busy.     Active  at  anything. 

Busy  as  a  hen  with  one  chicken.  \ 

Busy  as  a  bee.  >  Continuous  in  application  and  effort. 

Diligent.  ) 

Eager.     Keenly  desirous  to  obtain  or  perform  something. 

Enterprising.     Having  boldness  and  ability  in  business. 

EventfuL     Full  of  important  events,  hence  full  of  life  and  activity. 

Expeditious.     Accomplished  with  speed. 

Fast.     Moving  rapidly,  quick.     See  Swiftness. 

Forward.     Eager  to  presumptuousness. 

Frisky.  •  Inclined  to  playful  activity. 

Full  of  business,  hard-working,  hard  at  it,  hard  at  work.   Vigorously 

working.     See  Toil. 
Fussy.     Taking  active  interest  in  trivial  things. 

Indefatigable.     Incapable  ot  being  exhausted.    See  Determination. 
Industrious.     Working  with  diligence. 
In  earnest,  in  harness.     At  work. 
In  full  swing.     In  active  operation. 

Intent.     Having  the  mind  directed  to  an  object.     See  Heed, 
Intrigant  [F.].     Meddling. 
Light-footed.     Quick  on  the  feet. 
Lively.     Full  of  vivacity  and  animation. 
Meddlesome.     Given  to  meddling 
Meddling.     Participating   without   permission   in    the   concerns   of 

others.     See  Verbs. 
Never  tired.     Never  experiencing  fatigue. 
Nimble.     Active  in  body. 

Nimble  as  a  squirrel,  nimble-footed.     Quick-footed. 
Notable.     Worthy  of  observation. 
Occupied.     Employed  in  an  exclusive  manner. 
Officious.     Unduly  participating  in  others'  concerns. 
On  duty,  on  foot,  on  one's  legs.    Ready. 
On  the  alert.     See  Carefulness. 
Overofficious.     Too  officious. 
Painstaking.     Diligent  and  careful  in  labor. 
Plodding.     Laboriously  toiling. 
Pottering.     Working  unspiritedly. 
Pushing.     To  advance  with  energy. 

Quick  as  a  lamplighter.}  Characterized  by  life  or  speed. 

Resolute.     Hainvg  a  steadfast  purpose.     See  Determination. 

Restless.  )  ,T  ,.  , 

Restless  as  a  hyena./  Never  restmg'  eager  £or  vanet>' 

Sedulous.     Constant  and  persevering  in  effort. 

Sharp.     Keen  and  eager;  active. 

Smart.     Quick  in  thought  or  action. 

Spirited.     Having  spirit  or  vim. 

Spry.     Inclined  to  quick  movement;  nimble 

Stirring.     Moving  vigorously. 

Strenuous.     Zealous  in  anything;  ardently  eager. 

Tripping.     Moving  lightly  and  nimbly. 

Unsleeping.     Not  sleeping. 

Unwearied.     Not  wearied  or  fatigued. 

Up  and  doing,  up  and  stirring.     Active  and  brisk. 

Up  to  one's  ears  in.     Deeply  engrossed  in. 

Vivacious.    Full  of  life  and  activity. 

Wide  awake.     Perfectly  awake.     See  Sagacity. 

Work  a  day.     A  week  day. 

Working.     Toiling. 

Zealot1  ,     Earnest  in  a  cause. 

Activity — Adverbs. 

Actively.     In  an  active  manner.     See  Adjectives, 

Featly.     Nimbly  and  dexterously. 

Fidgety.     Nervously  active. 

Full  tilt.     With  full  force . 

In  mediis  rebus  [L.].     In  the  midst  of  affairs. 

With  haste.     With  speed.     See  Hurry. 


INDOLENCE— Adjectives— Continued. 

Dozy.     Inclined  to  doze. 

Dreamy.     In  a  state  of  reverie. 

Dronish.     Like  a  drone;  doing  nothing:. 

Drony.     Like  a  drone. 

Drowsy.     Disposed  to  sleep. 

Dull.     Not  sharp,  not  animated. 

Exanimate.     Not  animated. 

Fast  asleep.     In  a  state  of  slumber. 

Fiddle  faddle.     Bustling  about  trifles. 

Flagging.     Bringing  to  a  stop  by  waving  a  flag. 

Heavy.     Dull,  inactive. 

Heavy  with  sleep.     Overcome  by  sleep. 

Hypnotic.     Pertaining  to  hypnotism. 

Idle.     Not  active. 

Inactive.     Wanting  activity. 

In  a  sound  sleep.     Completely  asleep.. 

Indolent.     Lazy  by  habit. 

Inert.     Devoid  of  the  power  of  moving. 

In  the  arms  of  Morpheus.  \  .  . 

In  the  lap  of  Morpheus.     J  A^leeP- 

Lackadaisical.     Languid  and  half-hearted. 

Laggard.     Falling  behind. 

Lagging.     Inclined  to  move  slowly.     See  Verbs. 

Languid.     Becoming  spiritless. 

Lazy.     Indisposed  to  work. 

Lazy  as  Lud  lam's  dog. 

Leaden.     Like  lead,  heavy,  dull. 

Lethargical.  }  Bein£ in  a  lethargy  or  a  drowse. 

Listless.     Without  active  interest. 

Lumpish.     Like  a  lump,  inert. 

Lusk.     Lazy. 

Maudlin.     Weak  and  foolish  *,  weeping  drunk.     [St.  Magdalen.) 

Motionless.     Without  motion.     See  Movement-Rest. 

Napping.     Inclined  to  take  short  sleeps. 

Pottering.     Moving  without  spirit.     See  Verbs. 

Remiss.     Careless  in  performance  of  duty. 

Rusty.     Affected  with  rust,  impaired  by  inactivity. 

Sedative.     Soothing  in  effects.     See  Turbulence-Calmness 

ShiUy    shally.     In    an    irresolute    manner.     See    Determination. 

Vacillation. 
Slack.     Relaxed  and  careless  in  activity. 
Sleepful.     Full  of  sleep. 
Sleeping.     See  Verbs. 
Sleepy.     Inclined  to  sleep. 
Slothful.     Inclined  to  indolence. 

Slow.     Having  little  speed.     See  Swiftness-Slowness. 
Sluggish.     Inclined  not  to  move,  lazy. 
Somniferous.     Bringing  sleep. 
Somnific.     Causing  sleep. 
Somnolent.     Inclined  to  sleep. 
Soporiferous.     Tending  to  cause  sleep. 
Soporific.     Producing  sleep. 
Soporous.     Causing  sleep. 
Sound  as  a  top.     Asleep. 

Sound  asleep.     Completely  overcome  by  sleep. 
Soulless.     Without  a  soul,  spiritless. 
Supine.     Lying  on  the  back,  careless,  indolent. 
Torpescent.     Becoming  torpid. 
Torpid.     In  a  comatose  state. 
Unawakened.     Not  roused  from  sleep,  not  active. 
Unbusied.     Not  occupied  at  anything. 

Unoccupied.     Not  possessing  time  of.     See  Action-Passiveness. 
Unwaked.     Not  stirred  from  sleep. 

Indolencb — Adverbs. 
At  leisure.     See  Hurry-Leisurb. 
Inactively-     See  Adjectives. 

Indolence — Phras*. 
The  eyes  begin  to  draw  straws. 


ACTIVITY— Continued. 
Act  i  v  i  t  y — A  dverbs. 
With  Efe  and  spirit,  with  might  and  main.     See  Toil. 
With  wings. 

Activity — Interjections. 
Age  quod  agis!  [L.].     Beware  what  you  dol 

Be  alive!  be  sharp!  go  ahead!  keep  moving  1  look  alive  I  look  sharp! 
move  on!  push  on!  stir  your  stumps! 


ACTIVITY. 


14 


ADAGE— NONSENSE. 


ACTIVITY—  Phrases—  Continued. 

Abends  wird  der  Faule  fieissig  [G.].     In  the  evening  the  lazy  man  Nee  mora  nee  requies  [L.].     Neither  delay  nor  rest.     [Virgil,  Georges, 

becomes  diligent.  in,  no.] 

Carpe  diem   [L.].     Seize  your  opportunity.     See  Opportuneness.  No  sooner  said  than  done.     See  Earliness. 

Catch  a  weasel  asleep.  /Julia  dies  sine  linea  [L.J.     Not  a  day  without  a  line.     [Pliny,  Nat. 

Dictum  ac  factum  [L.].    No  sooner  said  than  done.    [Terence,  Andrea,  Hist.  35.] 

2,  3,  7.3  The  plot  thickens.     Matters  become  interesting. 

"Veni,viditvici  [L.].    I  came, saw,  conquered.    [Suetonius,  Ccesar,  37.] 


act'-or.  One  who  performs  or  plays  a  part.  Acting, 
Action-Passiveness,  Agent,  Gull-Deceiver,  So- 
ciety-Affectation. 

acts.  Records;  deeds.  Mark-Obliteration,  Reve- 
lation-Pseudore  velation. 

ac'-tu-al.  Real.  Entity-Nonentity,  Sameness-Con- 
trast, Time. 

ac'-tu-al-ism.  The  doctrine  that  all  existence  is  active. 
Entity-Nonentity. 

ac"-tu-al'-ity.     Realism.     Entity-Nonentity. 

ac'-tu-al-ly.  In  reality.  Entity-Nonentity,  Truth- 
Error. 

ac'-tu-a-ry.    A  clerk.    Accounts. 

ac'-tu-ate.     To  move  to  action.     Motive-Caprice. 

actum  est  [L.]  (ac'-tum  est).  It  is  done.  Comple- 
tion-Noncompletion. 

actum  ne  agas  [L.]  (ac'-tum  ni  e'-gas).  Do  not  do 
what  is  done.     Usefulness-Uselessness. 

actus  me  invito  factus,  non  est  tneus  actus  [L.]  (ac'-tus 
mi  in-vai-to  fac'-tus,  non  est  mi' -us  ac'-tus).  An  act 
I  do  against  my  will  is  not  my  act.  Volition-Obli- 
gation. 

a-cu'-i-ty.    Sharpness.    Sharpness-Bluntness. 

a-cu'-le-ate.    Prickly.    Sharpness-Bluntness. 

a-cu'-le-a"-ted.    Made  sharp.    Sharpness-Bluntness. 

a-cu'-men.     Mental  quickness.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

a-cu'-m   na"-ted.     Pointed.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

a-cu"-mi-na'-tion.  Act  of  sharpening.  Sharpness- 
Bluntness. 

a-cu'-mi-nous.  Possessing  keenness  of  intellect.  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity. 


ac"-u-punc'-ture.  Pricking  with  a  needle.  Aperture- 
Closure. 

a-cute'.  Keen.  Craft-Artlessness,  Emotion,  Feel- 
ing -  Insensibility,  Pleasurableness  -  Painful- 
ness,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Sharpness-Blunt- 
ness, Turbulence-Calmness,  Vigor-Inertia; 
acute  angle,  Angularity;  acute  ear,  Hearing-Deaf- 
ness; acute  note,  Cacophany. 

a-cute'-ly.  In  an  acute  degree.  Magnitude-Smallt 
ness. 

a-cute'-ness.     Discernment.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

acu  tetigisti  rem  [L.]  (e'-kiu  tet-i-jis'-tai  rem).  You 
have  touched  it  with  a  needle.  Differentiation- 
Indiscrimination,  Truth-Error. 

A.  D.  Abbreviation  for  Anno  Domini.  Duration- 
Neverness. 

a-da'-ga.     An  Asiatic  parrying  weapon.     Weapon. 

ad'-age.     Well-known  saying.     Adage-Nonsense. 

ad  astra  per  aspera  [L.]  (ad  as'-tra  per  as'-per-ra).  To 
the  stars  through  difficulties.    Difficulty-Facility. 

ad  captandum  [L.]  (ad  cap-tan'-dum) .  Big  sounding. 
Society- Affectation. 

ad  hominem  [L.]  (ad  hom'-i-nem).  To  the  man.  Uni- 
versality-Particularity. 

ad  infinitum  [L.]  (ad  in-fi-nai'-tum) .  Indefinite.  In- 
finity. 

ad  instar  [L.]  (ad  in'-star).  After  the  fashion.  Con- 
vention ality-Unconventionality. 

ad  interim  [L.]  (ad  in'-ter-im).  Meanwhile.  Dura- 
tion-Neverness. 

adrem[L.]  (ad  rem).  To  the  point.  Harmony-Discord. 


ADAGE— NONSENSE. 


Adage.  A  brief  saying  that  has  obtained  credit  or  force  by  long 
usage. 

Aphorism.     A  brief  statement  of  speculative  or  scientific  truth. 

Apophthegm.)  A  terse,  instructive  saying  regarding  practical  mat- 
Apothegm,      j      ters. 

Axiom.     Any  proposition  that  men  universally  accept  as  true. 

By-word.  A  phrase  or  sentence  that  has  become  an  object  of  deri- 
sion or  mockery. 

Conclusion.     See  Decision. 

Dictum.  A  statement  of  some  person  or  school,  on  whom  it  depends 
for  authority. 

Formula.  A  fixed  form  of  words  used  as  a  guide  for  thought  or 
action. 

Maxim.     A  brief  statement  of  some  practical  principle  or  proposition. 

Moral.     The  lesson  taught  by  a  fable  or  the  like. 

Mot  [P.].     A  witty  saying. 

Motto.  An  expressive  word  or  pithy  saying  expressing  some  guiding 
principle. 

Phylactery.  A  strip  of  parchment  inscribed  with  passages  of  Scrip- 
ture setting  forth  guides  to  right  living. 

Principia  [L.].     Principles. 

Principle.     A  rule  for  action. 

Protasis  [Gr.].     A  short  introduction  of  an  exposition  of  the  subject. 

Proverb.  A  brief  saying  condensing  in  witty  or  striking  form  the 
wisdom  of  experience. 

Reflection.     See  Conception. 

Saw.     A  saying  that  is  old,  but  worn  and  tiresome. 

Saying.  A  statement  current  among  common  people,  deriving  its 
authority  from  its  manifest  truth  or  good  sense. 

Scholium.  A  remark  or  observation  joined  to  a  demonstration  or 
reasoning. 

Sentence.     A  short  saying  usually  containing  moral  instruction. 

Theorem.     A  proposition  that  is  demonstrably  true. 

Truism.     A  self-evident  or  unquestionable  statement. 

Word.     Any  brief  remark  or  phrase  of  no  particular  significance. 


Absurdity.     )  Anything  which  is  contrary  to  the  first  principles  of 

Absurdness.  /      reasoning.     See  Adjectives. 

Alogy.     Unreasonableness  of  behavior. 

Amphigouri  [F.].     Idle  or  foolish  talk. 

Anticlimax.     Any  speech  which  produces  a  ridiculous  effect. 

Bathos.     Descent  in  speaking  which  is  ridiculous. 

Blunder.      Mistake  or  error  resulting  from  carelessness. 

Boittade   [F.].     Any  action  or  saying   destitute   of  ordinary  good 

sense. 
Bull.     A  verbal  blunder,  containing  a  laughable  incongruity  of  ideas. 
Escapade.     Any  act  which  breaks  the  rules  of  propriety. 
Exaggeration.     See  Gull-Hyperbole. 
Extravagance.     Vain  use  of  words. 
Farce.     Empty  show  of  words. 
Farrago.     See  Regularity-Irregularity. 
Fustian.     Bombast  or  use  of  high-sounding  words. 
Galimathias  [F.].     Speech  that  is  so  rapid,  confused,  or  disguised  as 

to  be  unintelligible. 
Hibernicism.     An  Irish  idiom  or  peculiarity  of  speech. 
Imbecility.     Foolishness   growing   out    of   mental   feebleness.     See 

Sagacity-Incapacity. 
Inconsistency.     Self-contradiction. 
Irishism.     See  Hibernicism. 
Jargon.     Confused  or  unintelligible  speech. 
Macaronic.     Jumbled  speech. 
Monkey  trick.     A  mischievous  prank. 
Moonshine.     Speech  without  reality. 
Muddle.     Confusion  of  speech. 
Mummery .     Buffoonery . 

Nonsense.     An  act  worthy  only  to  be  laughed  at. 
Paradox.     Anything  which  appears  contradictory,  yet  may  be  true 
Pun.     A  play  on  words. 

Rhapsody.     A  disconnected  series  of  sentences. 
Romance.     Imaginative  habit  of  mind. 
Sciomachy.     An  imaginary  combat  with  words. 


ADAGE. 


15 


ADDITION— SUBTRACTION. 


ADAGE— NONSENSE— Continued. 


Adage — Associate  Phrases. 


Admitted  maxim;  common  saying;  commonplace  saying;  golden 
rule  (see  Precept);  hackneyed  saying;  profession  of  faith  (see 
Faith)  ;  received  maxim;  sage  maxim;  trite  saying;  true  saying: 
wise  maxim. 

Adage — Adjectives. 

Aphoristic,  Containing  short,  pithy  statements. 

Axiomatic.  Self-evident. 

Phylacteric.  Pertaining  to  phylacteries. 

Proverbial.  Well  known. 

Adage — Phrases. 
As  the  saying  is;  as  they  say. 


NONSENSE — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Senseless.     Meaningless. 
Sophistical.     False. 
Unmeaning.     Unintelligible. 

Nonsense — Interjections. 
Fiddle-de-dee  1     Pho!     Pish! 

Nonsense — Phrases. 

Credat    Judmus    Apella    [L.].     Let    Apella,  the  superstitious  Jew, 

believe  it.     [Horace,  Satires,  I,  v,  ioo.J 
In  the  name  of  the  Prophet — figsl    [Horace  Smith,    Jahnsoris  Ghost.] 
Tell  it  to  the  marines. 
Without  rhyme  or  reason. 


Sell.     A  deceitful  speech. 
Slip-slop.     A  weak  discourse. 
Sophism.     See  Ratiocination-Instinct. 
Stuff.     Trashy  language. 

StultUo^u611"" }  Talk  that  is  contrary to  Practical  good  sense. 

Tomfoolery.     Trifling  talk. 

Twaddle.     Silly  talk. 

Vagary.     A  wandering  of  thoughts  or  speech. 

Verbal  quibble.     A  dispute  about  trifles. 

Nonsense — Verbs. 

Anemolia  bazein  [Gr.].     To  talk  words  of  wind. 

Battre  la  campagne  [F .].     To  beat  about  the  bush ;  to  speak  wildly 

Be  absurd.     To  be  unreasonable. 

Parler  a  tort  et  a  trovers  [F.].     To  speak  disconnectedly. 

Play  the  fool.     To  act  contrary  to  good  common  sense. 

Talk  nonsense.     To  utter  words  without  any  sense  or  meaning. 

Nonsense — Adjectives. 

Absurd.     Contrary  to  good  reasoning. 

Egregious.     Greatly  exceeding,  usually  in  a  bad  sense/ 

Extravagant.     Immoderate. 

Foolish.     Wanting  in  judgment. 

Inconsistent.     Self-contradictory. 

Macaronic.     Jumbled. 

Nonsensical.     Of  no  importance. 

Preposterous.     Impracticable. 

Punning.     Using  a  word  in  two  senses. 

Quibbling.     Evading  the  point  and  speaking  trifles. 

Ridiculous.     Laughable  and  comical. 

{Continued  on  Column  i .) 


a-da-gio.    Slow.    Music,  Swiftness-Slowness.' 

Ad'-am.     The  first  man,     Virtue-Vice. 

ad'-a-mant.  A  hard  mineral.  Hardness-Softness, 
Strength-Weakness. 

ad"-a-man-te'-an.     Very  hard.     Hardness-Softness. 

ad"-a-man'-tine.  Impenetrably  hard.  Hardness- 
Softness,  Strength-Weakness. 

ad"-a-man-tine'-ness.  State  of  being  hard.  Hard- 
ness-Softness. 

a-dapt'.  To  adjust.  Equality-Inequality,  Harmony- 
Discord;  adapt  oneself  to,  Conventionality-Un- 
conventionality. 

a-dapt'-a-ble.  Capable  of  being  adapted.  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness. 

ad"-ap-ta'-tion.  Act  of  being  adapted.  Harmony- 
Discord. 

a-dapt'-ed.     Suited.     Harmony-Discord. 


add.     To  join  together.     Addition-Subtraction,  In^ 

crease-Decrease,  Number. 
add'-ed.     Joined  to.     Addition-Subtraction. 
ad-den'-dum.     An  addition.      Addition-Subtraction, 

Increment-Remnant. 
adde  parvum   parvo,  magnus  acervus  erit  [L.]  (ad'-dl 

par'-vum  par'-vo,  mag'-nus  a-ser'-vus  i'-rit).     Add  a 

little  to  little,  a  great  pile  will  be.     Addition. 
ad'-der.     A  viper.     Benefactor-Evildoer. 
ad-dict'.     To  give  oneself  up  to.     Habit-Desuetude. 
ad-dict'-ed.     Devoted  to.     Habit-Desuetude. 
ad-dic'-tion.     Bent.     Habit-Desuetude. 
ad-dit'-a-ment.     A  thing  added.     Addition-Subtrac- 

tion,  Increment-Remnant. 
ad-di'-tion.     Act  of  uniting.     Addition-Subtraction, 

Increment-Remnant. 


ADDITION— SUBTRACTION. 


Accession.     An  addition:  augmentation. 

Accompaniment.     Anything  that  attends  or  goes  with. 

Addendum.     Something  to  be  added. 

Additament.     A  thing  added. 

Addition.     Act  of  giving  an  increase  to  something. 

Adjection.     The  addition. 

Annexation.     The  act  of  connecting;  union. 

Increase.     An  addition. 

Increment.     That  which  is  added. 

Insertion.     Act  of  putting  in  or  together. 

Interposition.     Act. of  interceding  or  coming  together      See  En- 
vironment-Interposition. 

Junction.      Union  of  two  or  more  things. 

Reinforcement.     An  increase  of  strength. 

Superaddition.     An  addition  to  an  addition. 

Superfetation.     An  unusual  additional  growth. 

Superjunction.     Act  of  joining  or  adding  to. 

Superposition.     The  laying  of  one  thing  on  another. 

Supplement.     An  addition  that  remedies  a  defect,  or  makes  com- 
plete. 

Addition — Verbs. 

Accrue.     To  accumulate  naturally. 

Add.     To  give  an  increase  to. 

Advene.     To  come  in  addition;  to  be  added 

Affix.     To  fasten  or  join  to. 


Ablation.     A  taking  away. 

Abrasion.     A  wearing  away. 

Abscission.     A  cutting  away. 

Abstraction.     A  withdrawal;  removal;  absent-mindedness. 

Amputation.     The  cutting  off  of  a  part. 

Curtailment.     Lessening;  reduction.     See  Length-Shortness. 

Decrease.     A  becoming  less,  diminution.     See  1ncrease-Decksas» 

Deduction.     A  drawing  away  from. 

Detruncation.     A  cutting  off;  a  lopping. 

Garbling.     Act  of  mutilating. 

Minuend.     The  number  from  which  another  is  to  be  taken. 

Mutilation.     Deprivation  of  an  essential  part. 

Recision.     The  cutting  off. 

Removal.     Moving  away;  displacement. 

Retrenchment.     A  cutting  down ;  curtailment. 

Subduction.     Taking  part  from  whole;  a  subtraction. 

Sublation.     A  removal. 

Subtraction.     Act  of  deducting;  deduction. 

Subtrahend.     That  which  is  subtracted. 

Subtraction — Verbs. 

Abrade.     To  rub  away;  wear  off . 
Abscind.     To  sever. 
Amputate.     To  cut  off  a  part ;  maim. 
Bate.     To  lessen. 


ADDITION. 


16 


ADDRESS— RESPONSE. 


ADDITION— SUBTRACTION— Continued. 


Annex.     To  join  to;  bind;  unite. 

Append.     To  hang  to;  add  as  supplemental. 

Augment.     To  increase  in  size;  enlarge;  add. 

Become  added.     To  come  into  a  state  of  addition. 

Clap  on.     To  quickly  put  in  addition. 

Ingraft.     To  insert  as  a  part  of;  incorporate. 

Insert.     To  put  in  as  supplementary  or  remedial. 

Introduce.     To  bring  or  put  in.     See  Environment-Interposition. 

Reinforce.     To  give  an  addition  of  force  and  strength. 

Saddle  on.     To  fix  a  load  upon ;  encumber  with  an  addition. 

Saddle  with.     See  Saddle  on. 

Sprinkle.     To  add  to  by  scattering  over. 

Subjoin.     To  add  at  the  end. 

Superadd.     Add  to  an  addition. 

Superpose.     To  put  over  another. 

Supervene.     To  come  as  additional. 

Swell  the  ranks  of.     To  add  to  by  recruits 

Tack  to.     To  add  by  affixing  slightly. 

Tag.     To  join  closely. 

Addition — Adjectives. 

Accessory.     Additional. 

Added.     Brought  together  to  make  a  whole.     See  Verbs. 

Additional.     Supplemental;  in  the  way  of  an  addition. 

Additive.     Allowing  to  be  added. 

Adjectitious.     Added  to. 

Extra.     Beyond  what  is  due. 
Subjunctive.     Joined  at  the  end. 
Supplement.     Supplying  a  deficiency. 
Supplemental.     Added  to  supply  a  defect. 
Supplementary.     Serving  as  a  supplement. 
Suppletory.     Supplying  deficiencies. 

Ad  d  i  t  10  n — Particles. 

Along  with;  also;  and;  and  also;  and  else;  and  so  forth;  and  so  on; 
as  well  as;  besides;  conjointly;  coupled;  else;  extra;  further; 
furthermore;  in  addition;  in  conjunction  with;  including;  inclusive; 
into  the  bargain;  item;  jointly;  likewise;  more;  moreover;  over 
and  above;  plus;  to  boot;  together  with;  too;  with;  withal. 


Castrate.     To  cut  out;  remove  anything. 

Curtail.     To  cut  off  from;  lessen. 

Decimate.     To  destroy  the  tenth  one;  kill  many. 

Deduce.     To  draw  off  as  a  conclusion;  infer. 

Deduct.     To  take  away;  subtract. 

Detract.     To  lessen  in  value;  derogate. 

Detruncate.     To  lop  off  a  part. 

Diminish.     To  lessen;  abridge.     See  Increase-Decrease. 

Eliminate.     To  take  away  entirely. 

Excise.     To  cut  out;  remove. 

File.     To  wear  away  with  a  file. 

Garble.     To  select  certain  parts;  mutilate. 

Geld.     To  castrate. 

Mutilate.     To  remove  a  part;  maim. 

Pare.     To  lessen  by  peeling. 

Prune.     To  diminish  by  cutting  away  a  little. 

Remove.     To  take  away;  go  away. 

Retrench.     To  limit. 

Scrape.     To  remove  with  a  rough  instrument. 

Subduct.     To  remove. 

Subtract.     To  take  from. 

Thin.     To  diminish  gradually  and  become  thin. 

Withdraw.     To  draw  apart;  separate. 

Subtraction — Verbal  Phrases. 
Cut  away;  cut  off;  cut  out;  deprive  of;  take  away;  take  from 

Subtraction — Adjectives. 

Subtracted.     Taken  away  from.     See  Verbs. 
Subtractive.     Having  power  to  subtract. 

Subtraction — Particles. 

Except;  excepting;  exclusive  of;  in  deduction;  less;  minus;  save: 
save  and  except;  short  of;  with  a  reservation;  without;  with  the 
exception. 


Addition — Phrases. 

Adde  parvum  parvo,  magnus  acervus  erit  [L.]. 
a  great  pile  will  be. 


Add  a  little  to  little. 


ADDITION— Phrases—  Continued. 

Au  reste  [F.].     As  for  the  rest;  besides. 

Cum  multis  aliis    [L.].     With  many  other  things. 

Et  cetera  [L.].     And  other  things. 


ad-di'-tion-al.  Supplementary.  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion, Increment-Remnant,      t 

ad'-di-tive.  That  which  may  be  added.  Addition- 
Subtraction. 

ad'-dle.  Spoiled.  Completion  -  Noncompletion, 
Fertility-Sterility,  Success-Failure;    addle  the 

WitS,   S  VNENESS-LUNACY. 


ad'-dle-head" .     A  stupid  person.     Sage-Fool. 

ad'-dle-head"-ed.    Dull-witted.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

ad'-dle-pate".     A  dunce.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

ad-dress'.  To  direct  spoken  words  to.  Address- 
Response,  Petition-Expostulation,  Sign,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness;   address  card,  Sign. 


ADDRESS— RESPONSE, 


Address.     A  sneaking  to. 

Allocution.     A  formal  address. 

Alloquy.     A  speaking  to  another. 

Apostrophe.     A  sudden  breaking  out  in  address. 

Appeal.     An  address  to  the  feelings. 

Audience.     An  interview  generally  public.     See  Conversation 

Dialogism.     A  feigned  conversation. 

Interpellation.     A  questioning. 

Invocation.     An  address  to  a  superior  being. 

Salutation.     An  address  of  welcome. 

Speech.     A  formal  talk.     See  Speech. 

Word  in  the  ear.     A  word  in  private. 

Address — Nouns  of  Place. 

Auditory.     An  auditorium. 

Platform.     A  place  where  addresses  are  made. 


Response.     See  Investigation-Answer. 


Address — Verbs. 


Accost.     To  address  first. 
Address.     To  speak  to. 


ADDRESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Apostrophize.     To  appeal  suddenly. 

Halloo.     To  shout  loudly. 

Hail.     To  address;  call  after. 

Invoke.     To  call  on  a  superior  being. 

Lecture.     To  address  in  a  formal  manner.     See  Speech 

Salute.     To  make  an  address  of  welcome. 

Address — Verbal  Phrases. 

Appeal  to;  call  to;  make  up  to;  speak  to;  take  aside;  take  by  the 
button;  talk  to  in  private. 

Ad  d  r  ess — Interjections. 
Halloo!  heyl  hist!  soho! 


ADDRESSES. 


17 


ADHERING. 


ad-dress'-es.     Devoted  attention.     Blandishment. 
ad-duce'.     To     bring     forward.     Attraction-Repul- 
sion, EVIDENCE-COUNTEREVIDENCE. 

ad-du'-cent.  Drawing  together.  Attraction-Repul- 
sion. 

ad-duc'-tion.  The  act  of  adducing.  Attraction- 
Repulsion. 

pd-duct'-ive.     Adducing.     Attraction-Repulsion. 


a-deem'.     To  take  away.     Taking-Restitution. 

a-demp'-tion.  Satisfaction  of  a  legacy.  Takino- 
Restitution. 

ad"-en-og'-ra-phy.  A  treatise  on  the  glands.  Tex- 
ture. 

ad"-en-ol'-o-gy.     A  branch  of  anatomy.     Texture. 

a-dept'.  One  fully  skilled  in  any  art.  Adbpt- 
Bungler. 


ADEPT— BUNGLER. 


.icrobat.     One  skilled  in  gymnastics. 

Adept.     One  especially  skilled  in  anything. 

Admirable  Crichton.     A  Scotchman  remarkable  for  his  precocious* 

ness. 
Chef  de  cuistne  [F .].     A  head  cook. 
Clean  hand.     One  who  does  work  skilfully  and  neatly. 
Conjurer.     A  sleight  of  hand  performer.     See  Gull-Deceiver. 
Connoisseur  [F.].     A  critical  judge.     See  Scholar. 
Crack  shot.     An  especially  skilful  shooter;    hence,  one  skilled  in 

anything. 
Cracksman.     One  especially  proficient  in  anything;  burglar. 
Cunning  blade.     An  expert  swordsman;  hence,  an  expert  in  any- 
thing. 
Cunning  fellow.  1  Qne         dall    skiIfuL 
cunning  man.     J 
Dab.     A  skilful  person. 
Dead  shot.     A  shooter  whose  shot  always  causes  death;  hence,  an 

accurate  person. 
Experienced  eye.     A  trained  eye;  a  trained  person. 
Experienced  hand.     One  who  has  attained  skill  in  anything  by  long 

practise. 
Expert.     One  having  skill  and  dexterity  either  from  education  or 

experience. 
First  fiddle.      The  most  skilful  worker  or  leader  of  a  body  of  men. 
Funambulist.     A  rope-walker. 
Genius.     One  capable  of  original  work. 
Good  hand.     A  skilful  worker. 
Good  shot.     A  sure  shooter. 

Jack  of  all  trades.  One  who  is  fitted  for  different  kinds  of  work. 
Jobber.     A  middle  man;  an  intriguer. 

Man  of  business.  One  who  goes  about  his  work  without  trifling. 
Man  of  the  world.  One  versed  in  the  tricks  and  practises  of  men. 
Marksman.     An  expert  shot. 

Master.     A  person  thoroughly  competent  in  his  work. 
Master  hand.     An  expert  workman. 
Master   head,  j 

Master  mind.  /-The  leader  of  men. 
Master  spirit. ) 

Medallist.     One  who  has  been  rewarded  for  special  skill  in  his  work. 
Nice  hand.     One  who  does  his  work  neatly  and  accurately. 
Old  campaigner.     An  experienced  worker. 
Old  file.     A  shrewd,  deep,  or  artful  person. 
Old  hand.     ) 

Old  soldier.  >A  worker  of  large  experience. 
Old  stager.  ' 
Pantologist.     An  expert  whose  knowledge  comprehends  summarily 

all  departments  of  human  knowledge. 
Picked  man.     One  chosen  for  his  special  skill. 
Politician.     A  crafty  or  artful  person. 

oraC!!Se!!  !ye\«   1  An  experienced  worker. 
Practised  hand. )  ^ 

Prima  donna  [It.].     The  leading  lady. 

Prize  man.     One  who  is  rewarded  for  his  work. 

Prodigy    i  learning.     A  person  whose  knowledge  is  unusually  wide. 

Proficient.     One  who  has  attained  great  skill  in  any  art. 

Protagonist.     The  leading  actor  in  the  Greek  drama. 

Rope  dancer.     An  expert  rope-walker. 


Awkward  squad.     Untrained  soldiers. 

Bad  hand.     Weak,  unskilful  tool. 

Bad  shot.     An  awkward  person. 

Blanc-bec  [F.].     A  greenhorn. 

Blunderer.     One  who  blunders  or  acts  clumsily. 

Blunderhead.     A  stupid  fellow. 

Botcher.     One  who  makes  a  botch. 

Bungler.     An  awkward  fellow. 

Butter-fingers.     One  who  awkwardly  drops  what  he  ought  to  hold. 

Clod.     A  dull  fellow. 

Duffer.     An  awkward,  worthless  person. 

Flat.     A  dunce;  a  dull  fellow. 

Fumbler.     One  who  handles  anything  clumsily. 

Greenhorn.     An  inexperienced  person. 

Gull.     See  Gull-Deceiver. 

Land  lubber.     A  raw,  awkward  person  on  board  a  vessel. 

Looby.     An  unskilful  person. 

Lubber.     A  heavy,  awkward,  clumsy  person. 

Marplot.     One  who  frustrates  a  plan  by  his  interference. 

Muff.     A  bungler. 

No  conjurer.     A  clumsy  person. 

Novice.     An  untried  person. 

Poor  hand.)  .  ,        . 

Poor  shot.  iA  Angler. 

Quack.     See  Gull-Deceiver. 
Slattern.     A  woman  careless  in  dress. 
Sloven.     A  man  who  is  careless  in  dress. 
Slow  coach.    A  stupid  fellow. 
Stick.     One  who  is  stupid. 
Swab.     A  lubber  or  clumsy  fellow. 
Trapes.     A  slattern ;  a  tramp. 
Yokel.     A  countryman. 

Bungler — Figurative  Expressions. 

Ass  in  lion's  skin;  fair  weather  sailor;  fish  out  of  water;  freshwater 
sailor;  horse-marine;  jackdaw  in  peacock's  feathers;  lord  of 
misrule. 

Bungler — Phrases. 

Acierta  errando  [Sp.l.     He  blunders  into  the  right. 

Aliquis  in  omnibus,  nullus  in  singulis  [L.].     Dabbler  in  all  things, 

good  -or  nothing  in  each  particular  thing. 
Bis  peccare  in  hello  turn  licet  [L.].     To  blunder  twice  in  war  is  not 

permitted. 
He  will  never  set  the  Thames  on  fire. 
//  n'a  pas  invents  la  poudre  [F.].     He  did  not  invent  gunpowder. 


ADEPT— Continued. 

Strategist.  1  One  who  displays  skill  and  forethought  in  carrying  out 

Tactician.  J      his  plans. 

Top  sawyer.     One  who  stands  above  the  timber  in  a  saw-pit;    a 

superior. 
Veteran.     An  experienced  person. 
Wizard.     One  who  seems  to  use  magic  in  his  work. 


ad'-e-qua-cy.  State  of  being  adequate.  Enough, 
Usefulness- Uselessness. 

ad'-e-quate.  Fully  sufficient.  Enough,  Might-Im- 
potence, Usefulness-Uselessness;  adequate  ad- 
versative, Particle. 

a"-des-pot'-ic.      Not  despotic.     Rule-License. 

ad-here  .  To  stick  to.  Cohesion-Looseness.  Inter- 
space-Contact; adhere  like  Dejani'ra's  shirt, 
Cohesion-Looseness;       adhere    to,    Habit-Desue- 


tude, Persistence-Whim;  adhere  to  an  obligation, 
Observance-Nonobservance;  adhere  to  a  duty, 
Duty-Dereliction. 

ad-her'-ence.     Adhesion.     Cohesion-Looseness. 

ad-her'-ent.  One  devoted  to  a  party,  person  or 
principle.     Antagonist-Assistant. 

ad-her'-er.  One  who  stands  by  a  principle.  Patriot- 
ism-Treason. 

ad-her'-ing.     Sticking.     Cohesion-Looseness. 


ADHESIVE. 


18 


ADMISSION— EXCLUSION. 


ad-he'-sive.  Sticky.  Cohesion-Looseness,  Viscidity- 
Foam. 

ad-he'-sive-ness.  State  of  being  adhesive.  Cohesion- 
Looseness,  Viscidity-Foam. 

ad-hib'-it.     To  apply.     Use-Disuse. 

ad"-hi-bi'-tion.     An  admitting.     Use-Disuse. 

ad"-hor-ta'-tion.    Attempt  to  arouse  or  incite.    Advice. 

ad"-i-aph'-a-nous.  Opaque.  Diaphaneity-Opaque- 
ness. 

a-dieu'.     Farewell.     Arrival-Departure,  Gain-Loss. 

ad'-i-po-cere.  A  light-colored  fatty  substance.  Pulpi- 
ness-Oil. 

ad'-i-pose".     Fatty.     Pulpiness-Oiliness. 

ad'-it.  A  passage.  Aperture-Closure,  Water- 
course-Airpipe,  Way. 

ad-ja'-cent.     Adjoining.     Remoteness-Nearness. 

ad-jec'-tion.     Addition.     Addition-Subtraction. 

ad"-jec-ti'-ti-ous.      Added.      Addition-Subtraction. 

ad'-jec-tive.  A  part  of  speech  used  to  describe  or 
define  a  noun.  Adjective,  Increment-Remnant; 
adjective  pronoun,  Pronoun;  adjective  verb,  Verb; 
cardinal  adjective,  Adjective;  common  adjective, 
Adjective;  compound  adjective,  Adjective;  defin- 
itive adjective,  Adjective;  descriptive  adjective, 
Adjective;  indefinite  numeral  adjective,  Adjective; 
indefinite  quantitative  adjective,  Adjective;  multi- 
plicative adjective,  Adjective;  numeral  adjective, 
Adjective;  ordinal  adjective,  Adjective;  parti- 
cipial adjective,  Adjective;  partitive  adjective, 
Adjective;  pronominal  adjective,  Adjective;  proper 
adjective,  Adjective. 

ADJECTIVE. 
Adjective.     Word  used  to  describe  or  define  a  noun. 

Adjective — Kinds. 

Article.     Adjective  serving  to  reduce  a  noun,  from  a  general  to  a 
particular  signification. 

Definite  article.     One  pointing  out  some  definite  object. 
Indefinite  article.     One  pointing  out  one  object  but  not  which  one. 
The  definite  article  is  the,  the  indefinite  a  or  an.     A  is  used 
before  a  consonant  sound,  an  before  a  vowel  sound. 
Common  adjective.     One  not  derived  from  a  proper  name.   . 
Compound  adjective.     One  made  up  of  two  or  more  words. 
Definitive  adjective.     One  that  defines  or  limits  the  meaning  of  a 

noun. 
Descriptive  adjective.     One  expressing  some  quality  or  condition  of 

a  noun. 
Numeral  adjective.     One  expressing  number. 

Cardinal.     One  answering  the  question  "How  many?"  as    one, 

two,  etc. 
Indefinite    numeral.      One   expressing  number  indefinitely;    as, 

many,  jew,  etc. 
Indefinite    quantitative.      One    expressing   quantity   indefinitely, 

as,  great,  little,  etc. 
Multiplicative.     One  answering  the  question  "How  many  fold?" 

as,  single,  double,  etc. 
Ordinal.      One  which  answers  the  question  "Which  one?"    as, 

first,  second,  etc. 
Partitive.     One  denoting  a  part,  as,  half,  third,  etc. 
Participial  adjective.     One  that  has  the  form  of  a  participle. 
Pronominal  adjective.     One  that  may  be  used  either  as  a  pronoun 

or  an  adjective.     See  Pronoun. 
Proper  adjective.     One  derived  from  a  proper  name. 

Adjective — Associated  Words. 

Comparative.     The  form  expressing  the  greater  or  less  degree  of  a 

quality. 
Comparison.     Change  of  adjectives  to  denote  variation  of  quality. 
Positive.     The  simple  form  of  an  adjective. 
Superlative.     The  form  expressing  the  greatest  or  least  degree  of  a 

quality. 


ad-join'.     To     border     upon.     Interspace-Contact, 

Remoteness-Nearness. 
ad-journ'.     To  put  off  to  another  day.     Earliness- 

Lateness,  President-Member. 
ad-journ'-ment.     Postponement.         Earliness-Late- 

NESS. 

ad-judge'.  To  award.  Decision-Misjudgment, 
Judge,  Litigation. 

ad-ju'-di-cate.  To  try  and  decide.  Decision-Mis- 
judgment. 

ad-ju"-di-ca'-tion.    Decision.    Decision-Misjudgment 

ad-junct'.  Something  joined  to.  Antagonist-As- 
sistant, Increment-Remnant,  Obstruction-Help, 
Solitude-Company. 

ad"-ju-ra'-tion.  A  charging  under  oath.  Assertion- 
Denial. 

ad-jure'.  To  invoke  earnestly.  Assertion-Denial, 
Engagement-Release,    Petition-Expostulation. 

ad-just'.  To  cause  to  fit;  settle.  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation, Harmony-Discord,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation;    adjust  differences,  Composition 

ad-just'-ment.  Arrangement.  Fighting-Concilia 
tion,  Harmony-Discord,    Preparation-Nonprep- 

ARATION. 

ad'-ju-tage.  A  spout  or  tube.  Aperture-Closure, 
Watercourse-Airpipe. 

ad'-ju-tant.  A  military  staff-officer.  Antagonist- 
Assistant,  Chief-Underling. 

ad-meas'-ure-ment.  Act  of  measuring.  Mensura- 
tion. 

ad-min'-is-ter.  To  have  the  charge  of.  Management, 
Rule-License;  administer  correction,  Recompense- 
Punition;  administer  oath,  Engagement-Release; 
administer  sacrament,  Ceremonial;  administer  to, 
Giving-Receiving,  Obstruction-Help. 

ad-min"-is-tra'-tion.  Management.  Management; 
administration  of  justice,  Judicature. 

ad-min'-is-tra"-tive.  Executive.  Judicature,  Rule- 
License. 

ad'-mi-ra-ble.  Worthy  of  admiration.  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Virtue-Vice. 

ad'-mi-ra-ble  Crichton.     A  clever  Scotchman.     Adept. 

ad'-mi-ral.  A  naval  officer  of  highest  rank.  Chief- 
Underling. 

ad'-mi-ral-ty.  Naval  department;  court  of  admi- 
ralty.    Tribunal. 

admirari,  nil  [L.]  (ad-mi-re'-rai ,  nil).  To  wonder  at 
nothing.     Astonishment-Expectance. 

ad-mi-ra'-tion.  An  emotion  of  wonder  and  pleasure. 
Approval-Disapproval,  Astonishment-Expect- 
ance, Love-Hate,  Regard-Disrespect. 

ad-mire'.  To  be  pleased.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Astonishment-Expectance. 

ad-mired'  dis-or'-der.  Wondered  at.  Regularity-Ir- 
regularity. 

ad-mir'-er.     A  lover.     Love-Hate. 

ad-mis'-si-ble.  Worthy  of  admittance.  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Harmony- 
Discord;  admissible  in  society,  Society-Ludi- 
crousness. 

ad-mis"-si-bil'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  admissible. 
Harmony-Discord. 

ad-mis'-sion.  (i)  Act  of  admitting.  Admission-Exclu- 
sion, Admission-Expulsion,  Assent-Dissent,  Evi- 
dence-Counterevidence,  Giving-Receiving,  In- 
clusion-Omission, Leave-Prohibition. 

ad-mis'-sion.  (2)  A  conceding.  Admission-Exclusion, 
Admission-Expulsion,  Assent-Dissent,  Evidence- 
Counterevidence,  Giving-Receiving,  Inclusion- 
Omission,  Leave-Prohibition. 


ADMISSION— EXCLUSION 


Admission.     The  act  of  admitting,  or  the  state  of  being  admitted. 
Composition.     See  Inclusion. 


Exclusion,  etc. 
debarment. 


The  act  of  excluding  or  the  state  of  being  excluded' 
See  Inclusion-Omission. 


ADMISSION. 


19 


ADMISSION— EXPULSION. 


ADM  ISSION— Continued. 


Comprehension.     The  act  of  including  or  taking  in  ideas,  facts,  etc. 
Inclusion.     The  act  of  enclosing  or  comprising;  the  state  of  being 
enclosed. 


Reception.     The  act  of  admitting  or  welcoming;  the  state  of  being 
received. 


Admit.     To  suffer  to  enter;  allow  to  be  included. 
Arrange  under.     To  include  in  proper  order  under. 
Arrange  with.     To  include  in  proper  order  with. 
Be  included  in,  etc.     To  be  enclosed  or  comprised  in 
Belong  to.     To  appertain  to;  be  included  in. 
Come  under.     To  be  included  under. 
Comprehend.     To  include  ideas,  facts,  etc. 
Comprise.     To  include  and  consist  of 
Contain.     To  include  and  hold. 
Embrace.     To  include  in  the  arms. 
Enclose,  etc.     See  Confinement. 
Enumerate  among.     To  count  or  include  among. 
Fall  under.     To  come  under  or  within. 

Congeneric.     Included  under  the  same  genus  or  kind. 
Congenerous.     Belonging  to  the  same  genus  or  kind. 
Included,  etc.     Comprised;  enclosed.     See  Verbs. 


Admission — Verbs. 

Include.     To  enclose;  comprise. 

Merge  in.     To  be  sunk  or  lost  in. 

Number  among.     To  reckon  as  one  of. 

Pertain  to.     To  belong  to;  to  be  included  in. 

Place  under.     To  include  under. 

Place  with.     To  include  with. 

Range  under.     To  include  in  rows  under. 

Range  with.     To  include  in  rows  with. 

Receive.     To  accept;  contain;  hold. 

Reckon  among.     To  include  among. 

Refer  to.     To  assign  to;  include  under. 

Take  into  account.     To  take  into  consideration. 


Admission — Adjectives. 

Including,  etc.     Comprising;  enclosing. 
Inclusive.     Comprising;   embracing. 
Of  the  same  class,  etc.     See  Division. 


See  Verbs. 


Admission — Phrases. 

A  maximis  ad  minima  LL.].     From  the  greatest  to  the  least. 
Et  cetera  [L.].     And  so  on. 

ADMISSION 


Et  hoc  genus  omne  [L.]. 
EXPULSION. 


And  everything  of  this  kind. 


Absorption.     Drawing  in  slowly,  as  through  pores. 

Admission.     The  act  of  admitting ;  permission  to  enter. 

Admittance.     See  Admission. 

Drinking.     Act  of  taking  liquid  into  the  stomach. 

Eating.     Act  of  taking  food  into  the  body. 

Entree  [P.].     The  act  or  right  of  entering. 

Imbibition.     The  act  of  absorbing  or  drinking  in. 

Immission.     The  act  of  injecting. 

Importation.     The  act  of  bringing  from  one  country  into  another. 

Ingestion.     Taking  in,  as  into  the  stomach. 

Ingurgitation.     The  act  of  swallowing  greedily  or  immoderately. 

Inhalation.     Taking  in  the  breath;  inspiration. 

Insertion.     The  act  of  putting  or  placing  in  or  among. 

Interjection.     A  sudden  throwing  in. 

Introduction.     The  act  of  bringing  into  notice  or  making  acquainted. 

Intromission.     The  act  of  permitting  to  enter. 

Reception.     The  act  of  admitting  or  welcoming. 

Sucking.     Drawing  in. 

Suction.     The  act  of  causing  to  be  drawn  inbythe  forceof  &  vacuum. 

Admission — Verbs. 
Absorb.     To  draw  in  slowly  as  through  pores. 
Admit.     To  permit  to  enter;  receive. 
Bring  in.     To  introduce . 
Drink.     To  take  in  a  liquid,  usually  through  the  mouth;  more  rapid 

action  than  imbibing.     See  Nutriment. 
Eat.     To  take  in  nourishment  or  food. 
Engorge.     To  swallow  greedily. 
Engulf.     To  swallow  up  as  in  a  gulf. 
Give  admittance  to.     To  give  the  right  of  entering. 
Give  entrance  to.     To  permit  to  enter. 
Give  the  entree.     See  Nouns. 

Gulp.     To  swallow  greedily  and  in  large  quantities. 
Imbibe.     To  take  in  a  liquid;  drink. 
Import.     To  bring  from  one  country  into  another. 
Ingurgitate.     To  swallow  greedily. 
Inhale.     To  draw  in  the  breath. 

Introduce.   To  bring  into  the  presence  of  and  make  known  to;  bring  in. 
Intromit.     To  admit;  allow  to  enter. 
Let  in.     To  permit  to  enter;  insert. 
Open  the  door  to.     To  receive  kindly;  welcome. 
Readmit.     To  admit  again. 

Reabsorb.     To  absorb  again  what  has  formerly  been  given  out. 
Receive.     To  welcome  on  their  first  arrival;  said  mostly  of  persons 
Resorb.     To  reabsorb. 
Snuff  up.     To  draw  in  through  the  nose. 
Suck  in.     To  draw  in  by  suction. 
Swallow.     I'o  receive  into  the  stomach  through  the  gullet. 

Admission — Adjectives. 
Absorbent.     Tending  to  drink  in  or  suck  up. 
Absorptive.     That  which  takes  in  and  incorporates. 
Admissible.     Worthy  or  capable  of  being  entertained;  allowable. 
Admitted.     Allowed  to  enter ;  received. 

Admitting.     Granting  or  ready  to  grant  the  privilege  of  entering. 
Entrant.     Admitting. 


Clearage.     The  act  of  removing  anything 

Clearance.     The  act  of  clearing. 

Deportation.     The  act  of  exiling. 

Discharge.     The  act  or  process  of  relieving  of  a  charge  or  load. 

Dislodgment.     The  act  of  driving  from  a  place  of  rest. 

Drainage.     The  act  of  drawing  off  slowly,  as  a  liquid. 

Effusion.     The  act  or  process  of  pouring  forth  unrestrainedly. 

Egestion.     The  act  of  casting  forth  or  voiding. 

Ejection.     The  act  of  casting  forth  hurriedly,  usually  with  violence. 

Emesis.     Vomiting. 

Emission.     The  act  of  sending  forth  or  giving  out,  as  sound  or  light. 

Eructation.     The  act  of  throwing  off  wind  from  the  stomach  or  of 

gaseous  or  solid  matter  from  a  volcano. 
Evacuation.     The  act  of  making  empty. 
Eviction.     The  act  of  dispossessing  by  means  of  some  legal  title  or 

proceedings. 
Expulsion.     The  act  of  driving  away  by  force  or  authority. 
Extrusion.     The  act  of  forcing  or  thrusting  out,  as  of  fused  matter 

through  fissures. 
Rejection.     The  act  of  rejecting. 
Relegation.     The  act  of  sending  off  into  some  obscure  position  or 

into  exile. 
Ructation.     See  Eructation. 

Tapping.     The  act  of  drawing  off  a  liquid  by  removing  the  tap. 
Trajection.     The  act  of  casting  forth  or  over,  usually  with  force. 
Vomition.     The  act  of  ejecting  from  the  stomach. 

Expulsion — Denotations. 
A  driving  out  of  the  country.     See   Recompense- 


Banishment. 

PUNITION. 

Blood-letting. 
Paracentesis. 
Phlebotomy. 
Venesection. 


The  act  of  drawing  blood  from,  especially  in  surgery. 
In  medicine  the  operation  of  drawing  off  fluid. 
The  operation  of  letting  blood  by  opening  a  vein. 
The  operation  of  opening  a  vein  for  drawing  off  blood. 

Expulsion — Associated  Words. 

Extradition.  The  delivering  up  by  one  government  to  another  of 
any  person  who  is  a  fugitive  from  justice. 

Rogue's  march.  Music  played  in  derision  of  a  person  when  he  is  ex- 
pelled or  driven  away  in  disgrace. 

Expulsion — Verbs. 
Averruncate.     To  ward  off;  avert. 
Bail  out.     To  release  a  person  from  custody  by  giving  security  for 

his  appearance. 
Bale  out.     To  empty  of  water,  as  a  boat. 
Banish.     To  compel  to  leave  a  country  by  authority  of  political 

decree  or  judicial  sentence;  exile.     See  Exculpation-Punition. 
Belch.     To  send  forth  violently. 
Belch  out.     To  vent  with  vehemence. 
Be  let  out.     To  permit  to  depart. 
Blow.     To  drive  a  current  of  air  out,  as  through  a  tube,  or  to  impel 

by  means  of  a  current  of  air.     See  River-Wind. 
Bow  out.     To  accompany  separation  with  a  a  slight  bow. 
Break  bulk.     To  begin  to  unload. 
Breathe.     To  inhale  and  exhale  air  from  the  lungs;  respire 


ADMISSION— EXPULSION. 


20 


ADMISSION— EXPULSION. 


Bring  up.     To  cause  to  advance,  as  an  army 
Broach.     To  introduce  for  discussion. 


Brush  away.)  ~ 
Brush  off.      J101 


Bundle  out.     To  dismiss;  to  send  away. 

Cast  adrift.     To  throw  overboard. 

Cast  up.     To  throw  up  or  raise. 

Chasser  [F.].     To  pursue;  drive  out;  banish 

Clean  out.     To  remove  dirt  or  impurities. 

Clear  away.     To  remove  out  of  the  way. 

Clear  decks.     To  prepare  a  man-of-war  for  action. 

Clear  off.     See  Clear  away. 

Clear  out.     To  remove;  betake  oneself  away. 

Clear  the  throat.     To  remove  any  impediment  to  the  speech. 

Cut.     To  sever;  remove  by  incision. 

Depopulate.     To  drive  out  the  inhabitants,  as  in  war. 

Deport.     To  send  away  forcibly,  as  to  a  penal  colony ;  banish. 

Despatch.     To  act  with  promptness;  send  in  haste,  as  a  messenger. 

Detrude.     To  thrust  down  forcibly. 

Disbowel.     To  take  out  the  bowels  of. 

Discard.     To  throw  aside  as  worthless. 

Discharge.     To  send  forth  by  propulsive  force. 

Disembowel.     To  remove  the  bowels; eviscerate. 

Disgorge.     To  throw  out  from ;  eject. 

Dislodge.     To  force  out  from  a  place  of  rest  or  defense. 

Dispatch.     See  Despatch. 

Dispeople.     See  Depopulate. 

Do  away  with.     To  dispose  of. 

Drain.     To  draw  off  slowly,  as  a  liquid. 

Drain  to  the  dregs.     To  draw  off  to  the  last  drop 

Draw  off.     To  withdraw;  drain  some  fluid. 

Drivel.     To  have  spittle  flow  from  the  mouth. 

Eftuse.     To  pour  forth  unrestrainedly. 

Eject.     To  thrust  out  with  violence  or  indignity. 

Eliminate.     To  get  rid  of  as  superfluous  or  unnecessary. 

Embowel.     To  eviscerate;  rend. 

Emit.     To  send  out  or  give  forth  as  sound  or  light. 

Empty.     To  remove  all  the  contents;  make  void. 

Eructate.     To  eject  with  noise. 

Evacuate.     To  eject  by  any  of  the  excretory  passages. 

Evict.     To  dispossess  by  some  legal  title  or  proceedings. 

Eviscerate.     To  remove  the  entrails. 

Excern.     To  excrete. 

Excrete.     To  separate  and  discharge  waste  matter  from  any  animal 
body. 

Exhale.     To  send  out  the  breath  from  the  lungs. 

Expectorate.     To  discharge  matter  from  the  throat  and  lungs  by 
coughing  and  spitting. 

Expel.      To  drive  out  summarily,  usually  with  violence  and  dis- 
grace. 

Expend.     To  pay  out  or  use,  as  time  or  money. 

Extravasate.     To  permit  or  cause  to  flow  out  of  the  proper  vessels,  as 
blood  out  of  arteries. 

Extrude.     To  force  or  thrust  out,  as  fused  matter  through  fissures 

Get  out.     To  draw  forth  or  disengage;  betake  oneself  away. 

Get  rid  of.     To  dispose  of ;  extricate  oneself  from. 

Give  exit  to.     To  permit  to  leave ;  grant  a  way  of  departure. 

Give  out.     To  send  out;  publish  or  report. 

Give  the  sack  to.     To  discharge,  as  a  servant;  to  jilt,  as  a  lover. 

Give  vent  to.     To  give  expression  or  utterance  to;  to  pour  forth   as 
anger  or  tears. 

Gut.     To  eviscerate;  destroy  the  contents  of . 

Hawk.     To  discharge  phlegm  from  the  throat  by  a  forced  cough. 

Heck.     To  heave,  as  in  the  act  of  vomiting. 

Lade  out.     To  dip  out  with  a  ladle  or  dipper. 

Let  blood.     To  draw  blood  by  opening  a  vein. 

Let  out.     To  extend,  as  a  cord;  release  or  permit  to  escape,  as  a  pris- 
oner. 

Make  a  clean  sweep  of.     To  clear  away  everything. 

Ooze.     To  flow  gently,  as  through  pores  or  small  openings. 

Open  the  flood-gates.     To  turn  on  a  great  flow  or  flood  of  water 

Open  the  sluices.     See  Open  the  flood-gates. 

Oust.     To  turn  out  by  force  or  legal  process. 

Pack  off.     To  go  off  or  be  sent  off  peremptorily  or  in  haste. 

Perspire.  '  To  excrete  fluids  and  waste  matter  through  the  pores  of 
the  skin . 

Pour  forth.     See  Pour  out. 

Pour  out.     To  cause  to  flow  freely,  as  a  liquid. 
Puke.     To  eject  from  the  stomach. 
Purge.     To  cleanse  from  impurities. 


EXPULSION— Verbs— Continued. 
Push  aside,  ■* 
Push  away.    I  _    . 
Push  off.        f  Re***- 
Push  out.      J 

Reject.     To  cast  away  as  worthless. 
Relegate.     To  send  off.  to  consign. 
Retch.     To  strain  as  in  vomiting. 
Root  out.     To  tear  up  by  the  roots. 
Root  up.     See  Root  out. 

Secern.     To  secrete  or  separate  in  the  animal  body. 
Secrete.     To  separate  from  the  blood  or  sap  and  form  new  substances 

as  saliva  or  gum. 
Send  about  one's  business. 

Send  adrift.     To  give  to  the  mercy  of  wind  and  wave. 
Send  away.     To  dismiss. 
Send  away  with  a  flea  in  the  ear.     To  send  one  away  after  saving  told 

him  some  secret  or  given  him  some  warning  or  rebuke. 
Send  off.     To  dismiss  or  despatch. 

Send  packing.     To  discharge  a  person  without  ceremony. 
Send  to  Coventry.     To  send  to  some  imaginary  place  of  social  banish- 
ment; exclude  from  social  intercourse  on  account  of  some-  ungen- 
tlemanly  conduct. 
Send  to  Jericho.     To  send  to  some  remote  and  out-of-the-way  place. 
Send  to  the  right-about.     To  send  in  the  opposite  direction;  reject. 
Shake  off.     To  throw  to  one  side. 
Shed.     To  lose  or  cast  off  something. 
Shovel  away.     To  remove  with  a  shovel. 
Shovel  out.     See  Shovel  away. 
Show  the  door  to.     To  point  one  to  the  door. 
Slabber.     To  drop  liquid  food  from  the  mouth  in  eating. 
Slaver.     To  permit  saliva  to  flow  from  the  mouth  in  eating,  as  a 

horse. 
Slop.     To  cause  to  overflow. 

Spend.     To  use  or  waste  that  which  is  valuable,  as  time  or  money. 
Spew.     To  cast  forth. 
Spill.     To  allow  or  cause  to  overflow. 
Spit.     To  discharge  mucus  or  phlegm  from  the  mouth. 
Splutter.     To  speak  or  act  hastily  and  confusedly. 
Sputter.     To  scatter  saliva  in  speaking. 
Spurt.     To  cause  a  liquid  to  flow  out  in  a  jet.  * 

Squirt.     To  cause  to  issue  in  a  sudden  jet. 
Strike  off  the  roll.     To  erase  the  name  from  the  list  of  members.     See 

Commission-Abrogation. 
Suck.     To  draw  in  by  forming  a  vacuum,  as  by  the  acticn  of  moutb 

and  tongue. 
Suck  off.     Remove  by  suction. 
Sweep  away,  "i 
Sweep  off.      /-To  remove. 
Sweep  out.    J 

Tap.     To  draw  off  liquid  by  opening  or  removing  the  tap. 
Throw  aside.     To  dispense  with  as  useless. 
Throw  away.     To  cast  from. 
Throw  off.     To  unload  or  get  rid  of. 
Throw  out.     To  reject,  as  part  of  an  account. 
Throw  overboard.     To  cast  from  a  ship  into  the  water. 
Turn  adrift.     To  unmoor  and  let  float. 
Turn  away.     To  reject,  as  an  offer. 
Turn  off.     To  send  away  or  dismiss,  as  a  servant. 
Turn  on  the  tap.     To  cause  or  permit  liquid  to  flow  by  opening  the 

tap. 
Turn  out.     To  put  out. 
Turn  out  head  and  shoulders.     To  go  into  a  thing  with  force  and 

violence. 
Turn  out  neck  and  crop.     To  go  into  a  thing  all  at  once,  ir*  a  summary 

manner. 
Turn  out  neck  and  heels.     See  Turn  out  neck  and  croi». 
Turn  out  of  house  and  home.     To  drive  out  of  one's  place  of  abode. 
Unearth.     To  dig  up  from  the  earth. 
Unhouse.     To  drive  jrom  one's  house  or  habitation. 
Unkennel.     To  drive  out  from  a  kennel  or  retreat. 
Unlade.     To  unload. 
Unload.     To  remove  a  load. 
Unpack.     To  remove  the  contents  of. 
Unpeople.     To  depopulate. 
Unship.     To  unload  from  a  ship. 
Void.     To  quit;  leave. 

Vomit.     To  eject  the  contents  of  the  stomach. 
Weed  out.     To  remove  the  weeds,  as  from  a  garden. 
Whisk  away.     To  brush  away  with  a  light,  rapid  motion 
Whisk  off.     To  brush  off,  as  dust  from  a  table. 


Emitting,  etc.     See  Verbs, 


Expulsion — Adjectives. 

Emitted,  etc. 


See  Verbs. 


ADMISSION— EXPULSION. 


21 


ADULATION— DISPARAGEMENT. 


EXPULSION— Continued. 

Expulsion — Interjections. 

Aroynt!     A  vaunt  1    Away!    Away  with!  Be  gone!    Be  off!    Get  along!    Get  along  with  you!    Getaway!    Get  you  gone!    Go!    Go  about 
your  business!    Goalong!    Goalong  with  you!    Goaway!    Goyourway!    Off  with  you! 


ad-mit'.  To  allow  to  go  in.  Admission-Exclusion, 
Admission-Expulsion,  Assent-Dissent,  Consent, 

ExPOSURE-HlDINGPLACE,       GlVING-RECEIVING,       In- 

clusion-Omission,  Leave-Prohibition;  admit  ex- 
ceptions, Modification;  admit  of,  Possibility-Im- 
possibility 

ad-mit'- tance.     Entrance.     Entrance-Exit. 

ad-mit'-ted.  Accepted.  Habit-Desuetude;  ad- 
mitted maxim,  etc.,  Adage-Nonsense. 

ad-mit'-ting.  Allowing  to  enter.  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Modification. 

ad-mix'-ture.    A  mixture.    Mixture-Homogeneity. 

ad-mon'-ish.  To  warn.  Advice,  Approval-Disap- 
proval, "Warning. 

ad"-mo-ni'-tion.    Reprimand.    Advice,  Warning. 

ad-mon'-i-tive.    Admonitory.    Advice,  Warning. 

ad-mon'-i-to-ry.    Serving  to  warn.     Warning. 

eiio'.  Bustle.  Activity-Indolence,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Toil-Relaxation;  make  much  ado  about, 
Consequence-Insignificance;  much  ado  about 
tithing,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Overvalu- 
ation-Undervaluation, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

ad"-o-les'-cence.  Period  from  childhood  to  manhood. 
Manhood. 

ad"-o-les'-cent.     Pertaining  to  youth.     Manhood. 

A-do'-nis.  A  mythological  youth.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness. 

ad'-o-nize.  To  dandify.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

a-dopt'.  To  take  as  one's  own.  Choice-Neutrality, 
Establishment-Removal;  adopt  a  cause,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help; adopt  a  course,  Conduct;  adopt  an 
opinion,  Faith-Misgiving. 


a-dopt'-ed.    Accepted.     Godliness-Ungodliness. 

a-dopt"-i-bil'-i-ty.  Capability  of  being  assumed. 
Faith-Misgiving. 

a-dop'-tion.  Act  of  adopting.  Choice-Neutrality, 
Godliness-Ungodliness. 

a-dor'-a-ble.     Lovable.     Love-Hate. 

ad"-o-ra'-tion.  Reverential  love.  Devotion-Idol- 
atry, Love-Hate. 

a-dore'.  To  worship.  Devotion  Idolatry,  Love- 
Hate. 

a-dor'-er.     A  lover.     Love-Hate. 

adorer  le  veau  d'or  [F.]  (a-do-re'  le  vo  dor).  To  wor- 
ship the  golden  calf.     Devotion-Idolatry. 

a-dorn'.  To  decorate.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

a-dorn'-ment.  An  ornament.  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement. 

a-down'.     Downward.     Height-Lowness. 

a-drift'.  Drifting.  Certainty-Doubt,  Connection- 
Independence,  Gathering-Scattering,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness,  Union-Disunion;  go  adrift,  Aim- 
Aberration;  turn  adrift,  Commission-Abrogation, 
Gathering-Scattering,  Release-Restraint. 

a-droit'.     Expert.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

a-droit'-ness.     Expertness.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

ad"-sci-ti'-tious.  Supplemental.         Addition-Sub- 

traction, Commission-Abrogation,  Subjective- 
ness-Objectiveness. 

adscriptus  glebes  [L.]  (ad-scrip'-tus  gli'-bi) .  Bound  to 
the  soil.     Chief-Underling. 

ad'-sum  [L.].     I  am  present.      Answer  to  a  roll-call. 

ad"-u-la'-tion.        Flatterv.        Adulation-Disparage- 


ADULATION— DISPARAGEMENT. 


Adulation.     Servile  flattery. 
Blandiloquence.     Language  of  compliment. 
Blandishment.      Caressing  speech  or  actions  to  win  the  heart. 
Blarney.     Smooth,  wheedling  flattery. 

Bunkumb6'  }  Bombastic  sP«ech  for  political  effect. 

Butter.     Flattery. 

Cajolery.     Act  of  duping  by  deceitful  flattery. 

Captation.     Obtaining  favor  or  applause  by  flattery  or  address. 

Coquetry.     Vain  trifling  in  love. 

Euphemism.     An  expression  less  offensive  than  one  more  directly 

expressive  of  the  thought. 
Fawning.     Cringing  flattery  in  hope  of  favor. 
Flattery.     Undue  or  insincere  compliment. 
Flummery.     Empty  compliment. 
Flunkyism.     A  worshiper  of  rank  or  wealth. 
Gloze.     Flattery. 
Honeyed  words.      Sweet  flattery. 
Incense.     Complimentary  language. 
Lip  homage.    )  «  .     .  . 

Mouth  honor .  /  Empty  or  lnslncere  hon°r- 
Placebo.     A  prescription  by  a  physician,  given  to  please  rather  than 

to  cure. 
Rosewater.      Smooth  talk. 

Snobbishness.     Aping  of  gentility  by  a  vulgar  person. 
Soft  sawder/ 


Soft  soap. 


Blarney;  flattery. 


Sycophancy.     Base,  servile  flattery. 

Taffy.     Flattery;  soft  praises. 

Toad  eating.      Sycophancy. 

Tuft  hutting.      Flattery  upon  persons  of  position  in  hope  of  gain. 

Unctuo  u^ness.     Quality  of  being  extremely  bland  or  suave. 

Voice  of  the  charmer.     Flattering  voice. 

Wheedling.     Persuasion  by  flattering  words. 


Aspersion.     Circulation  of  false  and  injurious  charges. 

Backbiting.     Speaking  secretly  to  one's  injury. 

Calumny.     Invention  and  propagation  of  evil  reports. 

Chronique  scandaleuse  [F.].     Chronicle  of  scandals. 

Criticism.     Harsh  or  unfavorable  judgment.     See  Approval-Dis-. 

APPROVAL. 

Cynicism.     Contempt  for  others'  doings  and  opinions. 

Defamation.     Injury  to  reputation  by  aspersions,  etc. 

Depreciation.     Lessening  the  estimation  of. 

Detraction.  Lessening  of  reputation  by  insinuation  of  base  mo- 
tives. 

Detractor.     One  who  finds  fault  with  or  defames  another. 

Disparagement.     Injury  done  by  speaking  Slightingly  of. 

Envenomed  tongue.     Bitter,  hostile  speech. 

Evil-speaking.     Harmful  talk. 

Invective.     Harsh  and  reproachful  accusations. 

Lampoon.     Personal,  written  satire. 

Libel.     Written  defamation. 

Obloquy.     Censorious,  abusive,  and  reproachful  language. 

Obtrectation.     Act  of  calumniating. 

Pasquinade.     A  short  satirical  publication. 

Personality.     Disparaging  remark  about  a  person. 

Sarcasm.     Sharp,  scornful  language. 

Scandal.     Defamatory  talk,  heedlessly  or  maliciously  uttered. 

Scandalum  magnatum  [L.].  Scandal  concerning  those  of  rank  o» 
dignity. 

Scurrility.     Foul  or  obscene  language. 

Skit.     A  brief  satire. 

Slander.     Spoken  defamation. 

SpretcB  injuria  jorma;  [L.J.     Wrong  done  to  slighted  beauty. 

Traducement.  Odious  misrepresentation  of  one's  conduct  or  char- 
acter. 

Vilification.  Words  intended  co  make  a  person  or  thing  seem  vile  in 
another's  eyes. 


ADULATION. 


22 


ADULTERY. 


ADULATION— DISPARAGEMENT— Continued. 


Auulation — Verbs, 

Beplaster.     Thoroughly  plaster. 

Beslaver.     Thoroughly  slaver. 

Beslubber.     Thoroughly  slubber. 

Bespatter.     Thoroughly  spatter. 

Butter.     To  flatter. 

Cajole.     To  dupe  by  deceitful  flattery. 

Coax.     To  seek  to  persuade  by  fondling  or  flattery. 

Cog.     To  cheat,  as  with  loaded  dice. 

Collogue.     To  use  flattery  and  deceit. 

Coquet.     To  trifle  vainly  in  love. 

Court.     To  seek  to  obtain  by  assiduous  attentions. 

Creep  into  the  good  graces  of.     To  get  into  favor  by  flattery  or 

cajolery. 
Curry  favor  with.     To  seek  favor  with  by  adulation  or  attentions. 
Earwig.     To  gain  favor  by  telling  tales  about  others. 
Exaggerate.     To  enlarge  upon  the  truth. 

Fawn  upon.  1  To  flatter  cringingly  in  hope  of  favor. 

Flatter.     To  give  undue  or  insincere  compliment. 

Fool  to  the  top  of  one's  bent.     To  fool  shamelessly 

Gild  the  pill.     To  gloze. 

Glaver.     To  wheedle. 

Gloze.     To  gloss  over  with  specious  representation. 

Hang  on  the  sleeve  of.     To  be  a  sycophant. 

Humor.     To  gratify  by  yielding  to  some  one's  inclinations. 

Lay  it  on  thick.     To  flatter  extravagantly. 

Lay  the  flattering  unction  to  one's  soul.     To  use  flattery. 

Lick  the  dust.     To  cringe. 

Make  things  pleasant.     To  gloss  over. 

Overestimate.     To  value  too  highly. 

Overpraise.     To  praise  beyond  just  due. 

Pand  r  to"  i  ^°  cater  to  t^ie  wisnes  of. 

Pay  court  to.     To  court.     See  Court. 

Pet.     To  fondle  and  indulge. 

Praise  to  the  skies.     To  praise  lavishly. 

Puff.     To  praise  unduly. 

Slaver.     To  flatter. 

Soothe.     To  calm  with  soft  words. 

Truckle  to.     To  curry  favor  with  servility. 

Wheedle.     To  persuade  with  flattering  words. 

Adulation — Adjectives 

Adulatory.     Servilely  flattering. 

Blandiloquent.     In  the  language  of  compliment. 

Courtierlike.  \  ,r 

Courtierly.     /  Ve^  courteous. 

Fair-spoken.     Bland  in  speech. 

Fine.     Nice,  artful,  subtle. 

Flattering.     Praising  unduly  or  insincerely 

Fulsome.     Offensive  from  excess  of  praise. 

Honeyed.     Sweetly  flattering. 

Honey-mouthed.     Having  a  flattering  mouth. 

Mealy-mouthed.     Euphemistic. 

Oily.     Deceitfully  affable  in  speech  or  manners. 

Plausible.     Apparently  right. 

Servile.     Meanly  obsequious. 

Smooth.     Suave,  often  deceitfully. 

Smooth-tongued.      Deceitfully  pleasing  in  speech. 

Soapy.     Using  flattery. 

Specious.     Appearing  well  at  first  sight,  but  really  unsound. 

Sycophantic.     Like  a  sycophant,  servile  in  flattery. 

Unctuous.     Extremely  bland  or  suave. 

Adulation — Adverbial  Phrase, 

Ad  captandum  [L.].     To  attract  or  please. 


Disparagement — Noun  of  Agent. 
Detractor.     Adefamer;  slanderer. 

Disparagement — Verbs. 

Anathematize.     To  pronounce  a  curse  against. 

Asperse.     To  bespatter  with  injurious  charges. 

Avile.     To  vilify. 

Backbite.     To  speak  evil  behind  one's  back. 

Bear  false  witness  against.   To  tell  lies,  especially  before  a  magistrate. 

Besmirch.     To  dim  the  reputation  of. 

Bespatter.     To  cover  with  slander  or  reproaches. 

Blacken.     To  defame;  viiify. 

Blow  upon.     To  taint;  discredit. 

Brand.     To  stamp  with  infamy. 

Calumniate.     To  invent  and  spread  evil  reports. 

Cast  aspersions.     To  censure  harshly  and  falsely. 

Criticize.     To  judge  harshly  or  unfavorably. 

Cry  down.     To  depreciate ;  decry. 

Decry.     To  disparage  loudly. 

Defame.     To  injure  reputation  by  evil  or  false  reports  concerning. 

Depreciate.     To  lessen  the  estimation  of. 

Derogate.     To  lessen  by  taking  away  a  part;  to  disparage. 

Detract.     To  lessen  reputation  by  insinuation  of  base  motives. 

Dip  the  pen  into  gall.     To  write  bitterly. 

Disparage.     To  injure  by  speaking  slightingly  of. 

Fling  dirt.     To  use  abusive  language. 

Give  a  dog  a  bad  name.  Calumniate. 

Lampoon.     To  indulge  in  written,  personal  satire. 

Libel.     To  defame  in  writing. 

Malign.     To  speak  great  evil  of,  especially  falsely 

Pick  a  hole  in  one's  coat.     To  find  fault  with. 

Pull  to  pieces.     To  criticize  unsparingly. 

Run  down.     To  attempt  to  depreciate  one  in  the  estimation  of  others 

Slander.     To  utter  malicious  reports  about. 

Sneer  at.     To  speak  of  in  scornful  contempt. 

Speak  ill  of  behind  one's  back.     Slander. 

Traduce.     To  odiously  misrepresent  one's  conduct  or  character. 

View  in  a  bad  light.     To  think  unfavorably  of. 

Vilify.     To  attempt  to  make  one  seem  vile  in  others'  eyes. 

Vilipend.     To  speak  of  dispaiagingly. 

Disparagement — Adjectives. 
Abusive.     Coarse  and  rude  in  reproach. 

Calumnious,    i  Containing  a  false,  malicious  report  or  accusation. 
Cynical.     Contemptuous  of  others'  doings  and  opinions. 
Defamatory.     Tending  to  bring  disrepute  upon. 
Derogatory.     Taking  away  a  part,  as  from  dignity. 
Detracting,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Detractory.     Tending  to  lessen  estimation  of. 
Disparaging.     Tending  to  injure  by  unfavorable  comparison. 
Foul-mouthed.} 

Foul-spoken,     >  Using  obscene  and  abusive  language. 
Foul-tongued .  ) 

Libelous.     Containing  anything  damaging  to  character. 
Sarcastic.     Exhibiting  contemptuous  language. 
Sardonic.     Having  a  forced,  sneering  laugh  or  smile. 
Satirical.     Containing  irony. 
Scurrile.      i  ^  ...  . 

Scurrilous.  I  Gross  or  ViIe  in  speech* 
Slanderous.     Containing  false  tales  or  reports. 

Disparagement — Phrases. 

Assent  with  civil  leer;    damn  with  faint  praise;    without  sneering, 
others  teach  to  sneer. 


ad'-u-la" -tor.    A  flatterer.    Flatterer-Defamer. 

ad'-u-la-to-ry.  Flattering.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment. 

A-dul'-lam.  A  Biblical  cave.  Cave  of  Adullam,  Con- 
tentedness- Discontentment,  Quest- Evasion, 
Regret. 

a-dult'.     A  fully  developed  person.     Manhood. 

a-dul'-ter-ate.  To  make  impure.  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Mixture-Homogeneity. 


a-dul'-ter-a"-ted.     Corrupted.    Truthfulness-Fraud. 

a-dul"-ter-a'-tion.  Condition  of  being  adulterated. 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Mixture-Homoge- 
neity. 

a-dul'-ter-er.  A  man  guilty  of  adultery.  Purity- 
Rake. 

a-dul'-ter-ess.     A  female  adulterer.     Purity-Rake. 

a-dul'-ter-ous.     Illicit.     Purity-Impurity. 

a-dul'-ter-y.     Unchastity.     Purity-Impurity. 


ADULTNESS. 


23 


ADVANCE— RETROGRESSION. 


a-dult'-ness.     State  of  being  an  adult.     Manhood. 

ad-um'-brate.  To  overshadow.  Delineation-Cari- 
cature, Light-Darkness,  Trope. 

ad-um-bra'-tion.  A  shadow.  Copy-Model,  Light- 
Darkness,  Manifestation-Latency,  Trope. 

ad-un'-ci-ty.     Condition  of    being  hook-shaped.     An- 


gularity. 
ad-un'-cous. 

a-dus'-tion. 
Cooling. 


Hook-shaped.     Angularity. 
Process  of  drying  or  burning.     Heating- 


ad-vance'.  To  move  forward.  Assertion-Denial, 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Increase-Decrease, 
Loan-Borrowing,  Obstruction-Help,  Period- 
Progress,  Success-Failure;  advance  against,  At- 
tack-Defense; advance  of  learning,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance;  in  advance,  Anteriority-Posterior- 
ity, Leading-Following,  Loan-Borrowing,  Pre- 
cedence-Succession; in  advance  of,  Supremacy- 
Subordinacy;  in  advance  of  one's  age,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 


ADVANCE— RETROGRESSION. 


progress. 


progress. 
See  Bbtter- 


Advance.     The  act  of  moving  forward  or  proposing; 

Advancement.     Forwarding;  promotion. 

Advancing.     Progression.     See  Verbs. 

Flood-tide.     The  rising  tide. 

Headway.     Forward  motion,  particularly  of  a  vessel 

Improvement.     Advancement  in  desirable  qualities. 

MBNT. 

March.     Onward  progress.     See  Traveling. 

Ongoing.     The  act  of  going  forward;  progress. 

Progress.     A  moving  or  going  forward;  an  advance. 

Progression.       Motion    forward    or    onward;    a    proceeding    in    a 

course. 
Progressiveness.     The  quality  of  being  progressive. 
Rise.     Ascent;  advance  as  in  rank,  prosperity,  or  importance. 

Advance — Verbs. 

Advance.  To  move  forward;  further;  proceed. 

Distance.  To  leave  behind  in  a  race;  greatly  to  excel. 

Proceed.  To  go  forward;  continue  in  progress. 

Progress.  To  continue  onward  in  course  of  action  or  development. 

Advance — Verbal  Expressions. 

Carve  one's  way;  come  ahead;  come  forward;  come  forwards;  come 
on;  edge  one's  way;  elbow  one's  way;  force  one's  way;  gain 
ground;  get  ahead;  get  along;  get  forward;  get  forwards;  get  on; 
get  over  the  ground ;  go  ahead;  go  forward;  go  forwards;  goon; 
go  with  the  stream;  hold  on  one's  course;  jog  on;  keep  one's 
course;  make  advances;  make  head;  make  headway;  make  one's 
way;  make  progress;  make  rapid  strides  (see  Swiftness);  make 
strides;  make  up  leeway,  make  up  for  time  lost;  make  way;  move 
ahead;  move  forward;  move  forwards;  move  on;  pass  ahead; 
pass  forward;  pass  forwards;  pass  on;  press  ahead;  press  forward ; 
press  forwards;  press  on;  press  onwards;  push  ahead;  push  for- 
ward; push  forwards;  push  on;  push  one's  way;  rub  on,  go  on 
with  difficulty;   shoot  ahead;    step  forward;   wagon;   work  one's 


way. 


Advance — Adjectives. 


Advanced.     Moved  forward;  promoted;  furthered. 
Advancing,  etc.     Progressing;  improving.     See  Verbs 
Ebbless.     Not  flowing  back. 
Profluent.     Flowing  forward. 
Progressive.     Advancing. 

Advance — Adverbs. 

Ahead.     In  advance. 

En  route  for.     On  the  way  to. 

Forth.     Forward  in  place,  time,  or  order. 

Forward.     Onward ;   ahead. 

In  mid  progress.      Half  achieved. 

In  progress.     Advancing. 

In  transitu  [L.].     On  the  passage.     See  Transfer. 

On.     With  unbroken  advance;  forward. 

On  one's  way  to. 

On  the  high  road  to. 

On  the  road  to. 

On  the  way  to. 

Onward.     In  the  direction  of  progress;  forward. 

Under  way.     In  motion,  as  a  ship. 

Advance — Phrases. 

Boutez  en  avant  [F .].     Push  forward. 

Vestigia    nulla   retrorsum    [L.J.      No   footsteps  backward  (At 
mouth  of  the  lion's  den).     [Horace.] 


In  the  act  of  going. 


the 


Backsliding.     Falling  back  into  sin  or  error;  abandonment  of  faith 

or  duty. 
Backwater.     Water  set,  thrown  or  held  back. 
Countermarch.      A    return    march;     any    reversal    of   conduct    or 

method. 
Counter-motion.     Motion  in  a  contrary  direction. 
Counter-movement.     Movement  in  opposition  to  another. 
Crab-like  motion.     Motion  backward. 
Deterioration.     The  process  of  growing  worse,  or  the  state  of  having 

grown  worse.     See  Betterment-Deterioration. 
Ebb.     The  reflux  of  tide-water  to  the  ocean. 
Fall.     The  act,  process  or  result  of  dropping  from  a  higher  to  a  lower 

place  or  position. 
Recess.     A  place  or  space  left  depressed  in  the  thickness  of  a  wall 

a  time  of  cessation  from  employment. 
Recession.     Withdrawal.     See  Withdrawal. 
Recidivation.     A  falling  back;  a  backsliding. 
Reculade  [F.].     Falling  back. 
Reflection.    The  act  of  turning  back,  or  the  state  of  being  turned  back; 

the  turning  in  of  the  mind  upon  itself.     See  Impetus-Reaction. 
Refluence.     A  flowing  back. 
Reflux.     A  flowing  back;  ebb. 
Regress.     Passage  back;  return. 

Regression.     The  act  of  moving  back  or  returning;  retrogression. 
Regurgitation.     The  act  of  rushing  back  or  of  swallowing  again. 
Remigration.     Migration  back  to  the  place  from  which  one  came. 
Resilience.     The  act,  power  or  result  of  springing  back  to  a  former 

position. 
Retirement.     The  act  of  retiring  or  withdrawing;  the  state  of  being 

retired. 
Retreat.     The  act  of  retreating,  as  an  army  before  an  enemy;  retire- 
ment. 
Retroaction.     A  reverse  action. 
Retrocession.     Going  or  moving  backward. 
Retrogradation.     The  act  or  result  of  going,  moving,  or  tending 

backward. 
Retrogression.     A  going  or  moving  backward;  degeneration. 
Return.     The  act,  process  or  result  of  turning  backward. 
Tergiversation.     Evasion  of  a  point,  as  by  subterfuge;  inconstancy. 
Turning  point.     See  Conversion-Reversion. 
Veering.     Direction  to  a  different  course. 
Withdrawal.     The  act  of  withdrawing;  retraction. 

Retrogression — Verbs. 

Back.     To  reverse  the  action  of;  move  rearward. 

Countermarch.     To  march  back. 

Double.     To  turn  and  go  back  on  the  same  or  a  parallel  track. 

Ebb.     To  flow  back  towards  the  ocean,  as  the  tide;  decline. 

Jib.     To  move  restively  sidewise  or  backwards. 

Rebound.     To  bound  back.     See  Impetus-Reaction. 

Recede.     To  move  back;  withdraw. 

Regrade.     To  retire;  go  back. 

Regurgitate.     To  throw  or  pour  back;  surge  or  be  poured  back. 

Retire.     To  separate  or  withdraw;  remove. 

Retreat.     To  withdraw  from  a  position;  go  into  retirement. 

Retrocede.     To  give  back ;  restore  ownership,  possession,  or  control  o£ 

Retrograde.     To  move,  or  cause  to  move,  backward. 

Return.     To  put,  carry,  or  send  back*  turn  or  direct  backward. 

Revert.     To  reverse;  comeback. 

Shrink.     To  draw  back;  recoil. 

Shy.     To  start  suddenly  aside. 

Turn.     To  change,  alter  or  vary  in  nature,  form  or  aspect;  rotate  or 

cause  to  rotate. 
Veer.     To  turn  to  another  course;  change  direction,  as  the  wind. 
Wheel.     To  perform  or  cause  to  perform  a  circular  movement;  take 

a  new  direction. 
Withdraw.     To  draw  or  take  away ;  take  back. 


ADVANCE— RETROGRESSION. 


24 


ADVICE. 


RETROGRESSION— Continued. 

Retrogression — Verbal  Expressions. 

Back  out,  retreat  or  withdraw;  back  water,  reverse  the  action  of  the 
oars,  paddle,  or  propeller,  so  as  to  force  the  ship  backward;  beat 
a  retreat;  come  back;  dance  the  back  step;  draw  back;  drop 
astern,  be  left  behind;  fall  astern,  move  or  be  driven  backward; 
fallback;  get  back;  go  back;  go  home;  hark  back,  go  back  for  a 


fresh  start;  lose  ground;  put  about,  change  the  course  of ,  as  a  ship; 
put  back;  retrace  one's  steps;  run  back;  sound  a  retreat;  turn; 
turn  back;  turn  one's  back  upon,  leave;  [turn  round;  turn  tail, 
run  away;  turn  upon  one's  heel;  veer;  veer  round,  direct  to  a 
different  course,  as  a  vessel. 


Retrogression — Adjectives. 


Crab-like.     Moving  backward. 

Reactionary.     Tending  toward  a  former  or  opposite  state,  etc.     See 

Impetus-Reaction. 
Receding.     Withdrawing,  as  from  aclaim;  movingback.     See  Verbs. 
Recidivous.     Liable  to  backslide. 
Reflex.     Turned  or  thrown  backward;  bent  back. 


Refluent.     Flowing  or  rushing  back. 

Regressive.     Passing  back;  retroactive. 

Resilient.     Having  the  quality  of  resilience. 

Retrograde.     Going,  moving,  or  tending  backward ;  declining  ;<ward 

a  worse  state  of  character. 
Retrogressive.     Going  or  moving  backward;  declining. 


Retrogression — Adverbs. 


Back.     To  or  toward  the  rear;  behind. 
Backwards.     To  the  rear;  into  time  past. 


As  you  were.     In  original  condition. 


Reflexively.     Bending  or  turned  backwards. 

To  the  right  about.     Toward  the  opposite  point  or  quarter. 


Retrogression — Phrases. 


Revenons  a  nos  moutons  [F.].     Let  us  return  to  our  sheep;   ht  us 
return  to  our  subject. 


ad-vanced'.  Before.  Advance-Retrogression;  ad- 
vanced guard,  Anteriority-Posteriority;  advanced 
in  life,  Infancy-Age;  advanced  work,  Attack-De- 
fense. 

ad-vance'-ment.  Promotion.  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Betterment-Deterioration. 

ad-van'-ces.  Anything  supplied.  Make  advances, 
Proffer-Refusal,  Treasury. 

ad-vanc'-ing.  Approaching.  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Yellowness-Purple. 

ad-van'-tage.  Anything  favorable  to  suqcess.  Good- 
Evil,  Supremacy-Subordinacy;  advantage  over, 
Success-Failure;  dressed  to  advantage,  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement; find  one's  advantage  in, 
Usefulness-Uselessness;  gain  an  advantage,  Gain- 
Loss,  Success-Failure;  mechanical  advantage,  In- 
strument; set  off  to  advantage,  Betterment-De- 
terioration; take  advantage  of,  Skill-Unskil- 
fulness,  Use-Disuse. 

ad"-van-ta'-geous.  Favorable.  Gain-Loss,  Good- 
ness-Badness, Usefulness-Uselessness. 

ad-vene'.     To  come  to.     Addition-Subtraction. 

ad'-vent.  Arrival.  Approach-Withdrawal,  Arri- 
val-Departure, Future-Past,  Occurrence-Des- 
tiny. 

Ad'-vent.     The  coming  of  Christ.     Ceremonial. 

ad"-ven-ti'-tious.  Incidental.  Condition-Situation, 
Rationale-Luck,  Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 

ad-ven'-ture.  A  remarkable  experience.  Occur- 
rence-Destiny, Quest-Evasion,  Rationale-Luck, 
Security-Insecurity,  Venture. 

ad-ven'-tur-er.  One  who  engages  in  dangerous  under- 
takings. Gentility-Democracy,  Purpose-Luck, 
Recklessness-Caution,  Trial,  Wayfarer-Sea- 
farer. 

ad-ven'-tures.     Experiences.     Account. 

ad-ven'-tur-ous.  Venturesome.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Recklessness-Caution. 

ad'-verb.  A  part  of  speech  which  defines  or  limits  a 
verb.     Particle  ;  adverbial  pronoun,  Pronoun. 

ad"-ver-sa'-ri-a.     A  commonplace-book.     Mark. 

ad'-ver-sa-ry.     An  opposing  party.     Antagonist-As- 


sistant. 
ad-ver'-sa-tive 

Particle. 
ad'-verse.     In 


opposition. 
rence,     Desire-Distaste 
Readiness-Reluctance  ; 
nist-Assistant;    adverse 

TION. 


Conjunction     expressing     opposition. 


Antagonism-Concur- 

Welfare-Misfortune, 

adverse    party,   Antago- 

fate,    Volition-Obliga- 


ad-ver'-si-ty.  Misfortune.  Good-Evil,  Welfare-Mis- 
fortune. 

ad-vert'.     To  turn  to.     Heed-Disregard. 

ad-vert'-ence.     Notice.     Heed-Disregard. 

ad-vert'-en-cy.     Attentiveness.     Heed-Disregard. 

ad'-ver-tise".     To  make  known  publicly.     Publicity. 

ad"-ver-tise'-ment.  A  public  notice.  Publicity, 
Sign. 

ad-vice'.  Counsel.  Advice,  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy, Motive-Dehortation,  Tidings-Mysterv 

ADVICE. 

Adhortation.     Advice. 

Admonition.     Friendly  counseling  or  warning.     See  Warning. 

Advice.     A  speaking  to  in  reference  to  some  act  or  course. 

Advocacy.     The  act  of  pleading  for,  defending  of. 

Charge.     An  instruction;  advice  to. 

Conference.     The  act  of  advising  together. 

Consultation.     The  act  of  consulting,  of  deliberating. 

Council.     Act  of  deliberating. 

Exhortation.     Earnest  advice  to  well  doing.     See  Motive. 

Expostulation.     Counseling  against  a  certain  course. 

Guidance.     The  act  of  guiding  or  directing.     See  Management. 

Hortatory.     Giving  or  containing  advice. 

Injunction.     Authoritative  advice. 

Instruction.     The  act  of  teaching,  of  directing. 

Obtestation.     The  act  of  supplicating  not  to  do  a  certain  thin^. 

Pourparler  [F.].     A  parleying. 

Recommendation.     The  act  of  counseling  on  a  certain  course. 

Reference.     The  act  of  directing  for  a  testimonial. 

Referment.     The  act  of  referring. 

Submonition.     Suggestion. 

Suggestion.     Act  of  bringing  up  for  consideration. 

Advice — Nouns  of  Instrument. 

Chart.     A  guiding  map;  a  tabulated  sheet.     See  Enlightenment: 

Guide.     Something  that  serves  to  direct. 

Manual.     A  small  book  often  containing  instructions 

Advice — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Adviser.     One  who  gives  advice. 

Arbiter.     A  judge  between  contestants.     See  Judge. 

Archiater.     The  chief  physician.    [Used  in  Europe.] 

Council.     A  body  of  men  which  gives  advice. 

Councilor.     A  member  of  council. 

Counselor.     One  who  gives  advice. 

Leech.     A  doctor. 

Mentor.     A  wise  and  elderly  guide. 

Monitor.     A  warner,  a  cautioner. 

Physician.     One  who  advises  on  bodily  ailments. 

Prompter.     One  who  incites;  one  who  suggests  what  follows. 

Senator.     A  member  of  the  more  stable  of  the  legislative  assembEaa 

of  states. 
Teacher.     One  who  instructs  or  educates.     See  Instructor. 


ADVICE. 


25 


ADYNAMIC. 


ADVICE— Continued. 

Ad  v  i  c  e — Figurative. 

Magnus   Apollo    [L.].      Great  Apollo;    the  god  of  prophecy  and 

advice. 
Nestor.     A  faithful  and  wise  counselor  in  the  Iliad. 


A  word  to  the  wise. 


Advice — Phrase. 


Advice — Verbs. 


Admonish.     To  advise  in  a  friendly  way.     See  Warning. 

Advise.     To  commend  or  condemn  a  given  course. 

Advise  with.     To  ask  advice  of. 

Advocate.     To  defend  publicly. 

Be  advised  by.     Accept  advice. 

Be  closeted  with.     To  be  granted  a  private  interview. 

Call.     To  assemble  for  a  purpose. 

Call  in.     To  invite  together. 

Call  upon.     Invite  to  speak. 

Charge.     To  lay  upon;  instruct. 

Compare  notes.      Compare  information. 

Confer,     "o  enter  into  a  consultation  with. 

Consult.      To  receive  advice  from. 

Consult  together.      To  interchange  advice. 

Counsel.      To  give  advice  to. 

Deliberate       To  weigh  in  the  mind. 

Dictate.      Co  enjoin  positively. 

Entree.     To  put  into  effect;  urge  forcibly. 

i"ioin.     To  charge  ;  advise  strongly. 

Exhort.     To  warn  against  a  certain  course.     See  Motive. 

Expostulate.     To  earnestly  warn  against.     See  Motive-Dehorta- 

tion. 
Follow  advice.     To  act  upon  advice. 

Sive  advice.  ~\ 

jive  a  piece  of  advice.  f  To  advise. 

Give  counsel.  J 

Have  at  one's  elbow.     To  have  within  easy  reach. 

Hold  a  council.    Confer. 

Instruct.     To  impart  knowledge  and  directions. 

Lay  heads  togather.     To  consider  in  union. 

Prescribe.     To  lay  out  beforehand;  direct. 

Prompt.     To  incite  to  activity;  point  to  the  next. 

Recommend.     To  give  a  favorable  opinion  of;  advise. 

Refer  to.    Mention. 

Submonish.     To  suggest. 

Suggest.     To  bring  to  the  notice  of. 

n  ike  advice.     Accept  counsel. 

.ake  one's  cue  from.     To  get  a  hint  from. 

Advice — Adjectives. 

Admonitory.     Serving  to  warn  or  reprove.     See  "Warning. 
Dehortatory.     Fitted  to  dissuade.     See  Motive-Dehortation. 
Hortatory.     Fitted  to  encourage  in  a  given  course.     See  Motive. 
Recommendatory.     Having  a  recommendation. 


Go  tot 


Advice — Interjection. 


Advice — Phrases. 


Verbum  sat  sapienti  fL.].     A  word  to  the  wise  is  sufficient 
Vive  memor  leti  [L.].     Live  mindful  of  death. 

ad-vi'-sa-ble.      Expedient.     Propriety-Impropriety. 

ad-vise'.  To  give  counsel  to.  Advice,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Prophecy;  advise  with  one's  pillow, 
Reflection- Vacancy. 

ad-vised'.  Prudent.  Predetermination-Impulse, 
Purpose-Luck;  better  advised,  Betterment-De- 
terioration. 

ad-vi'-sed^y.  Not  hastily.  Predetermination-Im- 
pulse, Purpose-Luck. 

ad-vi'-ser.     One  who  advises.     Advice,  Manager. 

ad'-vo-ca-cy.  Pleading.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Motive- Dehortation,  Obstruction-Help. 

ad'-_ro-cate.  One  who  pleads  the  cause  of  another. 
Advice,  Advocate,  Antagonist-Assistant,  Friend- 
Foe,  Justification-Charge,  Motive-Caprice,  Ob- 
struction-Help; the  Advocate,  Divinity. 


ADVOCATE. 

Advocate.     One  who  pleads  for  another  before  a  judicial  tribunal 

or  court. 
Attorney.     One  who  is  legally  appointed  by  another  to  transact  busi- 
ness for  him. 
Bar.     The  entire  body  oi  lawyers. 
Barrister.  )  „         ,  .... 

Barrhter-at-lawi  0ne  who  Practlses  in  the  courts. 
Bencher.     A  member  of  the  bar  holding  a  place  in  one  of  the  govern- 
ing bodies; 
Civilian.     One  learned  in  Roman  or  civil  law. 

Conveyancer.     One  whose  business  is  to  transfer  titles  to  property. 
Counsel.     One  who  gives  advice  in  legal  matters. 
Counselor.     One  who  manages  a  cause  for  a  client  or  gives  legal  ad* 

vice. 
Cursitor.     A  clerk  in  the  Court  of  Chancery. 
Equity  draftsman.     A  lawyer  who  drafts  equity  pleadings. 
Inner  bar.     The  body  of  senior  barristers. 
Judge.     The  officer  who  presides  over  a  court,     gee  Judge. 
Junior  bar.     The  body  of  barristers  who  occupy  a  place  beyond  the 

crown's  counsel. 
Jurisconsult.     A  man  learned  in  the  law,  who  gives  legal  advice. 
Jurist.     One  learned  in  the  law;  a  judge. 
K.  C.     Abbreviation  for  King's  Counsel. 
King's  Counsel.     A  barrister  appointed  by  the  crown  to  plead  its 

causes. 
Lawmong'er.     One  who  practises  law  as  if  it  were  a- trade. 
Lawyer.     A  general  term  for  persons  versed  in  the  law  and  em- 
ployed to  plead  The  cause  of  clients. 
Leader.     The  principal  attorney  in  a  case. 
Legal  adviser.     One  who  gives  advice  on  law  matters 
Legal  profession.     The  body  of  lawyers. 
Legist.     A  writer  on  law. 

Notary.  j  A  public  officer  who  has  a  seal  and  is  empowered  \9 

Notary  public.  )      note  protests,  certify  deeds,  etc. 
Outer  bar.     The  body  of  junior  barristers. 
Pettifogger.     A  lawyer  who  uses  short  or  dishonest  methods. 
Pleader.     One  who  advocates  the  cause  of  another. 
Proctor.     An  officer  employed  in  admiralty  and  ecclesiastical  causes. 
Publicist.     A  writer  on  law. 
Pundit.     One  versed  in  the  laws  of  the  Hindus. 
Q.  C.     Abbreviation  for  Queen's  Counsel. 
Queen's  Counsel.     A  barrister  appointed  by  the  crown  to  plead  its 

causes,  and  not  permitted  afterwards  to  plead  against  it. 
Scrivener.     One  who  draws  up  deeds,  contracts,  etc. 
Sergeant-at-law.     The  nighest  rank  at  the  common  law  bar. 
Special  pleader.     An  expert  in  the  drawing  of  pleadings. 
Tubman.     One  of  the  two  most  experienced  barristers  in  the  Court  of 

Exchequer. 
Writer  to  the  signet.     A  judicial  officer  who  prepares  writs,  warrants, 
etc. 

Advocate — Figurative  Nouns. 

Gentlemen  of  the  long  robe.     The  legal  profession. 
Limb  of  the  law.     A  lawyer. 
Silk  gown.     The  legal  profession. 

Advocate—  Verbs. 

Be  called  to  the  bar.  )  ™    ,       «...»». .  ■  .    .«  .     ,. 

Be  called  within  the  bar.  J  To  **  admltted  to  the  rank  of  barrister. 

Call  within  the"  bar.  1 To  admit  **  a  member  of  the  legal  profession. 

Plead.     To  argue  in  defense  of  one. 

Practise  at  the  bar.         1  ™  .     ,  , 

Practise  within  the  bar.  /  To  exercIse  law  as  a  Passion. 

Take  silk.     To  become  king's  or  queen's  counsel. 

Advocate — Adjectives. 

At  the  bar.     Before  court. 

Forensic.     Belonging  to  courts,  legal  proceedings,  etc 

Learned  in  the  law.  Versed  in  law. 

Advocate — Phrases 
Banco  regis  [L.].     On  the  king's  bench. 

ad"-vo-ca'-tion.     A  pleading.     Pretext. 
ad-vou'-tress.     An  adulteress.     Purity-Rake. 
ad-vou'-try.     Adultery.     Purity-Impurity. 
ad-vow'-son .     Patron  age .     Church. 
ad"-y-nam'-ic.    Lacking  physical  strength.    Strength- 
Weakness. 


ADYNAMY. 


26 


AFFECTIONS. 


a-dyn'-a-my.  Lack  of  strength.  Strength-Weak- 
ness. 

adytum  [L.]  (ad'-i-tum) .  A  secret  shrine.  Con- 
tents-Receiver, ExPOSURE-HlDINGPLACE,  PROPH- 
ECY. 

adze.      A  hand-cutting  tool.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

ad'-zooks.  Exclamation  of  wonder.  Astonishment- 
Expectance. 

ae'-dile.     A  Roman  magistrate.     Judicature. 

ae'-gis.     A  shield.     Attack-Defense. 

aegrescit    medendo    [L.]    (i-gres'-sit    mi-den'-do).      He 
;     grows  worse  by  the  remedy.     Betterment-Dete- 
rioration. 

ae'-on.     An  'age  of  the  universe.     Divinity. 

aeq'uam  servare  mentem  [L.]  (i'-quam  ser-ve'-rt  men'- 
tem).  To  keep  a  well-balanced  mind.  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability. 

aequitas  sequitur  legem  [L.]  (eq'-ui-tas  seq'-ui-ter 
li'-gem).     Equity  follows  law.     Law-Lawlessness. 

aequo  animo  [L.]  (i'-quo  an'-i-mo).  With  unmoved 
feelings.  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy. 

aere  perennius  [L.]  (i'-ri  per-en'-ni-us) .  More  lasting 
than  bronze.     Reputation-Discredit. 

a-e'-ri-al.  Atmospheric.  Height-Lowness,  Liquid- 
Gas,  Water-Air;  aerial  navigator,  Wayfarer- 
Seafarer. 

a'-er-ie.  Nest  of  a  bird  of  prey.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion,  Height-Lowness. 

a'-er-i-form.     Airy.     Liquid-Gas,  Water-Air. 

a"-er-o-dy-nam'-ics.  Science  of  gaseous  bodies. 
Liquid-Gas,  River-Wind. 

a"-er-og'-ra-phy.     A  treatise  on  air.     Water-Air. 

a'-er-o-lite.  A  mass  from  celestial  space.  Astron- 
omy, Universe. 

a"-er-ol'-o-gy.  Science  of  the  atmosphere.  Water- 
Air. 

a'-er-o-man"-cy.  Forecasting  changes  in  weather; 
divination  by  appearances  in  the  air.     Prophecy. 

a"-er-om'-e-ter.  Instrument  for  measuring  density  of 
gases.     Water-Air. 

a'.er-o-naut.  One  who  navigates  the  air.  Water- 
Air,  Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

a"_er-o-naut'-ics.  Treatment  of  air  navigation.  Trav- 
eling-Navigation, Water-Air. 

a'-er-o-scopel  An  air  microscopic  instrument.  Water- 
Air. 

a'-er-o-stat.     A  balloon.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

a"-er-o-stat'ic.  Pertaining  to  aerostatics.  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

a"-er-c-stat'-ics.  Science  of  mechanical  properties  of 
air.     Liquid-Gas,  Traveling-Navigation. 

a"-er-o-sta'-tion.  Ballooning.  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion, Water-Air.  ...  .  ,T  -. 

aes  alienum  debitorem  leve,  gravius  immicum  facit  [L.J 
(tz  e-li-i'-num  deb-i-to'rem  li'-v-i,  gre'-vi-us  in-i-mai'- 
cum  fe'-sit).  A  light  sum  owed  makes  a  debtor, 
one  too  heavy  an  enemy.     Credit-Debt. 

.32s"-cu-la'-pi-us.  The  god  of  medicine.  Remedy- 
Bane. 

JE-sop'.     Author  of  fables.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

ses-thet'-ic.  Artistic.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Feeling- 
Insensibility,  Taste-Vulgarity.  . 

aetas,  dum  loquimur  fugerit  invidia  [L.],  (t  -tas,  dum 
loq'-ui-mur  fiu'-ji-rit  in-vid'-i-a) .  While  we  talk 
envious  time  has  been  flying.  Lastingness-Tran- 
sientness.  , 

aeternum  servans  sub  pectore  vulnus  [L.J  (l-ter-num 
ser'-vans  sub  pec'-to-ri  vul'-nus) .  Keeping  an  ever- 
lasting wound  in  the  heart.     Pardon-Vindictive- 

NESS.  „ 

ae"-tl-ol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  efficient  causes.   Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Rationale-Luck. 
a-far\     At  a  distance.     Remoteness-Nearness. 


af"-fa-bil'-i-ty.  Courtesy  of  manner.  Politeness^ 
Impoliteness,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

af'-fa-ble.  Courteous.  Politeness-Impoliteness, 
Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

af-fair'.  Anything  done.  Conception-Theme,  Occu- 
pation, Occurrence-Destiny,  Strife-Peace;  affair 
of  honor,  Strife-Peace. 

affaires,  charge' d  [F.]  (af-fer',  shar-zhed") .  A  diplo- 
matic agent.     Consignee. 

affaires,  les — font  les  hommes  [F.]  (af-fer',  lez — fon" 
lez  om).  Experience  of  affairs  makes  men.  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Sagacity-Incapacity. 

af-fairs'.     Business.     Occupation. 

af-fect'.  To  put  on.  Connection-Independence, 
Desire-Distaste,  Excitation,  Inclination,  Love- 
Hate,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

af'-fec-ta'-tion.     Display.     Society-Affectation. 

af-feet'-ed.  (i)  Acted  upon.  Affected  with,  Emotion, 
Health-Sickness. 

af-fect'-ed.  (2)  Pretended;  loved.  Affections,  Purity- 
Crudeness,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

af-fect"-i-bu'-i-ty.  Quality  of  being  affected.  Sensi- 
tiveness-Apathy. 

af-fect'-ing.  Acting  upon  the  feelings.  Pleasur- 
ableness-Painfulness. 

af-fec'-tion.  Love.  Amity-Hostility,  Emotion, 
Love-Hate. 

af-fec'-tion-ate.     Loving.     Love-Hate. 

af-fec'-tions.  Natural  tendency  of  feeling.  Affec- 
tions. 

AFFECTIONS. 

Affections.     Mental  feelings  toward  some  object. 

Bent.  A  decided  and  fixed  tendency  of  the  mind  towards  a  particu. 
lar  mode  of  action. 

Bias.     A  leaning  of  the  mind. 

Cast  of  mind.     A  characteristic  inclination. 

Character.  The  sum  of  qualities  by  which  a  person  is  distinguished 
from  others;  strength  of  mind. 

Diathesis  [Gr.].     Particular  disposition  or  habit  of  body,  good  or  bad. 

Disposition.  Tendency  to  any  action  or  state,  resulting  from'  natu- 
ral constitution. 

Frame  of  mind.     Particular  state  of  the  mind. 

Frame  of  soul.     Manifestation  of  the  moral  nature. 

Furore  [It.].     An  overmastering  passion  or  mania  for  anything. 

Grain.     Natural  temper. 

Habit  of  mind.  The  state  of  mind,  either  natural  or  acquired,  re. 
garded  as  firmly  retained. 

Humor.     State  of  mind,  whether  habitual  or  temporary. 

Idiosyncrasy.  A  peculiarity  of  mental  constitution  or  tempera- 
ment. .  . 

Master  passion.  Any  emotion  or  senUment  in  a  state  of  controlling 
activity. 

Mettle.     Spirit,  especially  as  regards  honor,  courage,  fortitude,  etc. 

Mood.'    Temporary  state  of  the  mind  as  regards  passion  or  feeling. 

Natural  turn  of  mind.     Inherent  mental  disposition. 

Nature.     Inherent  or  essential  qualities  or  attributes. 

Passion.  The  state  of  the  mind  when  it  is  powerfully  acted  upon  and 
influenced  by  something  external  to  itself. 

Pervading  spirit.     Controlling  temper  or  mental  condition. 

Predilection.  A  previous  liking,  a  prepossession  of  the  mind  for 
something. 

Predisposition.     Previous  inclination,  or  tendency. 

Proclivity.     Facility,  inclination. 

Proneness.     Inclination  of  mind  or  temper. 

Propendency.  ^ 

Propensedness.      A  leaning  or  bent  of  mind. 

Propension.         1 

Propensity.        ' 

Qualities.     Acquired  traits. 

Ruling  passion.     See  Master  passion. 

Spirit      The  state  of  temper  or  mind  as  governing  the  actions. 

Sympathy.  The  quality  of  being  affected  by  the  state  or  condition 
of  another.     See  Love. 

Temper.  The  constitution  of  the  mind,  particularly  with  regard  ta 
the  passions  and  affections. 

Temperament.  The  peculiar  physical  and  mental  character  of  an 
individual. 

Tone.     Characteristic  tendency. 


AFFECTIONS. 


27 


AFFLUENCE— PENURY. 


■  See  Nouns. 


AFFECTIONS— Continued, 
Turn.  -J 

Turn  of  mind.  >  A  particular  disposition  or  cast  of  genius. 
Vein.  i 

Affections — Figurative  Expressions. 
Back-bone;  bosom;    breast;  cockles  of  one's  heart;  heart;  heart  of 
hearts;  heart's  blood;  heart's  core;  heart's  strings;  inmost  heart; 
inmost  soul;  inner  man;  penetralis  mentis  [L.],  secret   recesses  of 
the  mind;  secret  and  inmost  recesses  of  the  heart;  soul. 
Affections — Verbs. 

Be  affected.     To  have  the  mind  influenced.     See  Adjectives. 

Bt  of  a  character.    To   have    particular  or  peculiar   qualities.     See 

Nouns. 
Breathe.     To  show  cr  express  one's  affections  or  feelings. 
Have  affections. 
Possess  affections.] 

Affections — Adjectives. 
Affected.     Regarded  with  affection;  beloved. 
Attempered .     Regulated . 
Cast.     Formed. 

Characterized.     Distinguished  by  peculiar  marks  or  traits. 
Deep-rooted.     Firmly  implanted. 
Disposed.     Inclined. 
Eaten  up  with.     Of  deep  affection. 
Formed.     Modeled  by  discipline. 
Framed.     Regulated. 
Having  a  bias.     See  Nouns. 
Imbued  with.     Impressed. 
Inborn.     Implanted  by  nature. 
Inbred.     Bred  within. 

Inclined.     Having  a  tendency  or  leaning  toward. 
Ineffaceable.     Incapable  of  being  blotted  out. 
Ingrained.     Worked  into  the  mental  or  moral  constitution  of. 
Inveterate.     Fixed  and  settled  by  long  continuance. 
Molded.     Given  a  certain  training. 
Pathoscopic.     Indicative  of  the  passions. 

Affections — Adverbs. 
At  heart.     Deeply  felt. 

Heart  and  soul.     With  all  one  s  might.     See  Emotion. 
In  one's  heart.     In  one's  thought  or  feelings.     See  Nouns. 


af-fec'-tor.     One  who  pretends. 

QUIOUSNESS. 


Presumption-Obse 


afjettitoso  [It.]  (af-fet-tu-o'-zo).    Soft  in  music.    Music. 

af-fi'-ance.     Pledge  of  faith.     Engagement-Release, 

Matrimony-Celibacy,       Sanguineness-Hopeless- 

NESS. 

af-fi'-anced.  Engaged  to  be  married.  Engagement- 
Release,  Love-Hate,  Matrimony-Celibacy. 

af-fiche't     A  poster.     Publicity. 

af-ficher'.     One  who  posts.     Publicity. 

af"-fi-da'-tion.     Act  of  promising.     Contract. 

af"-fi-da'-vit.  A  sworn  declaration.  Assertion-De- 
nial, Litigation,  Mark-Obliteration. 

af-fil'-i-a"-ted.  Associated.  Connection-Independ. 
ence,  Relationship. 

af-fir'-i-a'-tion.     Relationship.  Connection-Inde- 

pendence, Rationale-Luck.,  Relationship. 

af-fin'-i-ty.  Connection.  Connection-Independence, 
Likeness-Unlikeness. 

af-firm'.  To  declare  positively.  Assent-Dissent, 
Assertion-Denial. 

af-firm'-ance.  Affirmation.  Assent-Dissent,  Asser- 
tion-Denial. 

af"-fir-ma'-tion.     A    declaration.  Assent-Dissent, 

Assertion-Denial. 

af-firm'-a-tive.  Positive.  Assent-Dissent,  Asser- 
tion-Denial. 

af-firm'-a-tive-ly.  In  an  affirmative  side.  Assent- 
Dissent. 

af-fix'.  To  join.  Addition-Subtraction,  Increment- 
Remnant,  Letter,  Union-Disunion. 

af-fla'-tion.     A  breathing  on.     River-Wind. 

af-fla'-tus.         Spiritual      inspiration.         Revelation- 

PSEUDOREVELATION,   RlVER-WlND. 

af-flict'.  To  oppress  with  suffering.  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness;  afflict  with  illness,  Health- 
Sickness. 

af-flic'-tion.  Distress.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion,  Pleasure-Pain,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

af'-flu-ence.  Wealth.  Affluence-Penury,  Enough, 
Welfare-Misfortune. 


AFFLUENCE— PENURY. 


Affluence.     An  abundant  supply  of  worldly  goods. 

Competence,  etc.     Sufficiency;  enough  property  for  a  comfortable 

livelihood.     See  Enough 
Easy  circumstances.     Moderate  condition  in  regard  to  worldly  estate. 
Fortune.     Estate;  possessions;  great  wealth. 

Good  circumstances.     Very  good  condition  in  regard  to  property,  etc. 
Handsome  fortune.     Ample  or  large  possessions. 
Independence.     Sufficient  means  or  wealth  to  support  oneself. 
Opulence.     State  of  being  rich  or  wealthy. 
Riches.    Abundance  of  whatever  is  precious. 
Solvency.     The  condition  of  being  able  to  pay  all  just  debts. 
Wealth.     An  extraordinary  abundance  of  this  world's  goods;  large 

possessions. 

Affluence — Associated  Nouns. 

Alimony,  sum  allowed  to  a  woman  who  is  separated  from  her  hus- 
band, capital;  command  of  money;  dowry,  property  which  a 
woman  brings  to  her  husband  on  marriage;  earnings,  that  which  is 
earned;  income,  etc.  (see  Outlay-Income)  ,  livelihood;  lucre; 
maintenance;  means;  money;  pelf,  wealth,  generally  in  an  ill- 
sense,  property,  etc.  (see  Property);  provision;  resources;  round 
sum,  etc.  (see  Treasure-Substance). 

Affluence — Figurative  Nouns. 

Crcesus;  Danae;  Dives;  El  Dorado  [Sp.],  any  country  of  great 
wealth  in  precious  metals;  embarras  de  richesses  [F.],  over- 
supply,  filthy  lucre;  full  purse;  Golconda;  heavy  purse;  loaves 
and  fishes,  items  of  personal  gain  or  advantage,  long  purse;  mam- 
mon, riches,  generally  in  an  ill  sense  Midas;  mine  of  wealth;  mint 
of  money;  nabob,  any  European  who  has  amassed  wealth  in  the 
East.  Pactolus;  Plutus;  Potosi,  town  famous  for  silve"  mines; 
©urse  of  Fortunatus;  Timon  of  Athens;  well-lined  purse. 

Affluence — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Capitalist.     One  possessinc  large  means  to  engage  in  extensive  busi- 
ness undertakings. 


Expressions   denoting   poor  financial 
standing. 


Bad  circumstances. 
Embarrassed  circumstances. 
Needy  circumstances. 
Poor  circumstances. 
Reduced  circumstances. 
Straitened  circumstances. 
Destitution.     Lack  of  the  comforts,  and  in  part  even  of  the  neces- 
saries of  life. 
Difficulties.     Embarrassment  chiefly  in  money  affairs. 
Distress.     Painful  lack  of  what  is  useful  or  desirable. 
Impecuniosity.     State  of  being  habitually  without  money 
Indigence.     Lack  of  ordinary  means  of  subsistence. 
Lack.     Deficiency;  inadequate  supply. 

Narrow  means.)  t,  .         .  .         .    .       ,  __ 

„.      .  r  Expressions  denoting  a  low  state  of  resources. 

Slender  means  J        ^  6 

Necessity.     Condition  of  being  in  want. 

Need.      Pressing  occasion  for  something,  absence  of  means  of  action. 

Neediness.     State  of  being  needy. 

Pauperism.     State  of  being  thrown  upon  public  charity  for  support. 

Penury.     Continuous  cramping  poverty. 

Poverty.      Lack  of  property  or  adequate  means  of  support. 

Privation.     Deprived  or  destitute  of  something. 

Straits.     Narrow  or  restricted  condition. 

Want.     Being  without  that  which  is  a  comfort,  or  an  object  of  our 

desire. 

Penury — Associated  Nouns. 

Beggary;  insolvency,  etc.  (see  Settlement-Default);  loss  of 
fortune;  mendicancy;   mendicity. 

Penury — Figurative  Nouns. 

Beggarly  account  of  empty  boxes;  broken  fortune;  empty  pocket; 
empty  purse;  hand  to  mouth  existence;  light  purse;  low  water; 
res  augustcs  domi  [L  ],  narrow  cirumstancss  at  home;  poverty 
wolf  at  the  door;  poor  as  a  church  mouse 


AFFLUENCE. 


28 


AFFLUENCE— PENURY. 


AFFLUENCE — PENURY — Continued. 


Man  of  substance.     One  who  has  great  material  possessions. 
Millionaire.     One  who  has  a  million  of  money ;  a  very  rich  man. 
Moneyed  man.     One  who  is  rich  in  money. 
Rich  man.     One  who  has  large  possessions. 
Warm  man.     One  who  is  well  off  as  to  property. 

Affluence — Nouns  of  Result. 
Plutocracy.     A  government  in  which  the  wealthy  classes  rule. 
Timocracy.     A  government  in  which  honors  are  distributed  accord- 
ing to  a  rating  of  property. 

Affluence — Verbs. 
Afford.     To  be  able  to  bear  expenses;  have  sufficient  means  for. 
Become  rich,  etc.     To  come  to  a  state  of  wealth  or  means.     See  Ad- 
jectives. 
Be  rich,  etc.     To  be  wealthy,  have  ample  means.     See  Adjechves. 
Command  a  sum.     To  have  at  one's  disposal  a  sum  of  money. 
Command  money.     To  have  control  of  money. 
Enrich.     To  make  rich ;  increase  the  wealth  of. 
Feather  one's  nest.     To  amass  money,  especially  from  holding  an 

office  or  place. 
Fill  one's  pocket,  etc.     To  collect  and  store  as  much  wealth  as  pos- 
sible.    See  Treasury. 
Hold  one's  head  above  water.     To  survive  a  financial  crisis. 
Imburse.     To  supply  with  money. 
Make  a  fortune.     To  become  rich ;  amass  wealth. 
Make  both  ends  meet.     To  make  the  income  pay  the  expenses. 
Make  money,  etc.     To  earn  or  gain  money.     See  Gain. 
Roll  in  wealth.     To  be  exceedingly  rich. 

Wallow  in  riches.  1  To  be  exceed;ngiy  wealthy  and  avaricious. 
Wallow  in  wealth.  > 

Well  afford.     To  be  in  good  financial  condition. 

Worship  Mammon.  1  To  devote  one's  time  and  energies  to  the 

Worship  the  Golden  Calf .  J       accumulation  of  riches. 

Affluence — Adjectives. 
Affluent.     Rich  in  worldly  goods;  abounding  in  wealth. 
All  straight.     Having  money  affairs  in  good  condition. 
Flush.     Abundantly  furnished  with  money. 
Flush  of  cash.     \ 

Flush  of  money.  ^Possessing  plenty  of  ready  money. 
Flush  of  tin.        > 
In  cash.  ~) 

In  full  feather.  [■  Having  a  supply  of  money  on  hand. 
In  funds.  J 

Made  of  money.     Plenteously  supplied  with  money. 
Moneyed,  j  r^  in  money. 
Monied.    > 

Opulent.     Having  large  means;  rich. 
Out  of  debt.     Freed  from  all  encumbrances. 
Pecunious.     Having  abundance  of  money;  wealthy. 
Provided  for.     Taken  care  of,  financially,  beforehand. 
Rich.     Possessing  abundant  means  to  supply  wants. 
Rich  as  a  Jew.      I  £xpress;ons  signifying  enormous  wealth. 
Rich  as  Croesus,  i 

Rolling  in  riches    |  Exceedi     ly  wealthy. 
Rolling  in  wealth. ) 

Solvent.     Able  to  liquidate  all  just  debts. 
Warm.     Easy  and  safe  in  money  matters. 
Wealthy.     Having  greater  means  than  the  generality  of  men. 
Well  off.     Thriving;  prosperous. 

Well  provided  for.     Generously  taken  care  of  beforehand. 
Well  to  do.     Easy  in  circumstances. 
Worth  much.     Well  supplied  with  worldly  goods. 

Affluence — Phrases. 
Magna    servitus   est   magna   forluna   [L.].     Great   fortune  is  great 

slavery.  . 

Mas  vale  saber  que  haber  LSp.].     Wisdom  is  better  than  wealth. 
One's  ship  coming  in.     When  one  becomes  wealthy. 
Vera  prosperity  e  non  aver  necessita  lit.].    True  wealth  is  to  have  no 

want. 
Wie   gewonnen,  so  zerronnen  [G.]. 
light  go.  


Penury — Nouns  of  Agent. 


As  won,  so  flown;  light  come, 


PENURY — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 
Under  hatches.     In  a  state  of  depression  or  poverty. 
Unmoneyed.     Not  having  money. 
Unportioned.     Not  endowed  with  portion  or  fortune. 
Without  a  rap.     Moneyless ;  extremely  poor. 

Penury — Phrases. 
A  pobreza  no  hay  verguenza  [Sp.].     Poverty  has  no  shame. 
In  forma  pauperis  [L.].     As  a  poor  man. 
Zonam  perdidit  [L.].     He  is  in  desperate  circumstances. 


Beggar.     One  who  is  poor  and  asks  charity. 

Mendicant.     A  begging  friar  of  a  Roman  Catholic  religious  order. 
Mumper.     A  begging  impostor. 
Pauper.     One  supported  or  assisted  by  charity. 
Pauvre  diable  [F.].     Poor  devil;  fellow;  wretch. 
Poor  man.     One  lacking  material  riches  or  goods. 
Starveling.     An   animal   or   plant   weakened   from  want  of   nutri. 
ment. 

Penury — Verbs. 

Beg  one's  bread.     To  ask  or  supplicate  in  charity. 
Be  poor,  etc.     To  be  destitute  of  property.     See  Adjectives. 
Bring  to  the  parish.     To  be  dependent  upon  charity  for  livelihood. 
Come  upon  the  parish.     To  be  supported  by  the  parish. 
Fleece.     To  fraudently  deprive  of  money  or  property. 
Go  down  in  the  world.     To  become  poorer  and  poorer. 
Go  to  the  dogs.     To  leave  the  path  of  rectitude;  to  fail  financially. 
Go  to  wrack  and  ruin.     To  fall  into  decay;  be  brought  to  poverty. 
Have  seen  better  days.     To  have  once  been  in  a  state  of  prosperity. 
Impoverish.     To  reduce  to  poverty;  make  poor. 
Lack.     To  be  deficient  in ;  be  destitute  of. 

Live  from  hand  to  mouth.    To  continue  in  an  unsettled  financial  state. 
Not  have  a  penny.  I  To  be  poor;   be  without   money. 

Not  have  a  shot  in  one's  locker.  >      See  Money. 

Pauperize.     To  reduce  to  a  condition  of  being  supported  by  charity. 
Reduce.     To  bring  to  an  inferior  condition. 

Reduce  to  poverty.     To  make  poor;  be  without  means  of  support. 
Render  poor,  etc      To  cause  to  be  or  become  poor.     See  Adjectives. 
Ruin.     To  bring  to  poverty. 

Run  into  debt,  etc.     To  come  or  get  into  a  state  of  debt.     See  Credit- 
Debt. 
Starve.     To  suffer  extreme  want. 

Tirer  le  diable  par  la  queue  [F.].    To  be  hard  put  to  it  for  a  livelihood. 
Want.      To  be  without  comforts  or  objects  of  desire. 

Penury — Adjectives. 
Badly  off.     Unfortunately  situated ;  not  well  off. 
Barefooted.     Having  the  feet  bare ;  poor. 
Beggarly.     Miserably  poor;  mean. 

Bereaved.     Made  destitute,  as  by  the  death  of  a  relative. 
Bereft.     Deprived  of  something,  as  of  hope  and  strength. 
Destitute.     Lacking  comforts  or  necessaries  of  life. 
Distressed.     Painfully  lacking  what  is  useful  or  desirable. 
Dowerless.     Without  a  dowry. 
Embarrassed.     Involved  in  pecuniary  difficulties. 
Fleeced.     Robbed  or  plundered. 
Fortuneless.     Without  a  fortune ;  luckless. 
Hard  up.     In  want  of  money;  needy. 
Ill  off.     See  Badly  off. 
Impecunious.     Without  money;  poor. 
Indigent.     Without  the  means  of  subsistence. 
Insolvent,  etc.     Unable  to  pay  debts.     See  Not  paying. 
Involved,  etc.     Entangled  financially.     See  In  debt. 
In  want.     Very  destitute  in  means  of  subsistence;  needy. 
Moneyless.     Without  money. 
Necessitous.     Pressed  with  poverty;  very  needy. 
Needy.     Very  poor;  lacking  the  means  of  living. 
Not  worth  a  rap,  etc.     Of  little  account  or  value.     See  Money. 
Out  at  elbows.  "| 

Out  at  heels.     J-  In  a  poverty-stricken  condition. 
Out  at  pocket.  J 

Out  of  money.     Destitute  of  money ;  lacking  funds. 
Penniless.     Without  money. 
Pinched.     In  a  starved  or  distressed  condition. 
Poor.     Having  small  means. 
Poor  as  a  church  mouse.") 

Poor  as  a  rat.  r  Destitute  of  material  riches  or  goods. 

Poor  as  Job.  J 

Poorly  off.     See  Badly  off. 
Poverty  stricken.     Suffering  from  poverty. 
Put  to  one;S  last  shifts.!  Qn  the  ]ast  resources. 
Put  to  one  s  shifts.         J 

Qui  n'a  pas  le  sou  [F.].     One  who  has  not  a  cent. 
Reduced.     Sec  Verbs. 
Seedy.     Poor;  shabbily  dressed. 
Short  of  cash,      j  without  or  neaI]y  without  money. 
Short  of  money.  1 

Straitened.     Pressed  with  poverty  or  other  necessity. 
Stripped.     Made  destitute-  divested  of  possessions. 
Unable  to  keep  the  wolf  from  the  door      Incapable  of  supplying  wants. 
Unable  to  make  both  ends  meet.     Not  able  to  make  income  cove* 
expenses. 

{Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


AFFLUENT. 


29 


AGENCY. 


af'-flu-ent.  A  tributary.  Affluence-Penury,  Ap- 
proach-Withdrawal, Enough,  River-Wind. 

af'-flux".  Act  of  flowing  to  a  point.  Approach- 
Withdrawal. 

af-ford'.  To  have  means  for.  Affluence-Penury, 
Giving -Receiving,  Outlay -Income,  Price- 
Discount;   afford  aid,  etc.,  Obstruction-Help. 

af-fran'-chise.  To  liberate.  Liberty-Subjection, 
Release-Restraint. 

af-fran'-chise-  ment.  Liberation.  Liberty-Subjec- 
tion, Release-Restraint. 

af-fray'.    A  public  fight.    Strife-Peace. 

af-fray'-ment.     Public  fighting.     Strife-Peace. 

af-freet'.     A  devil.     Jove-Fiend. 

af-fric'-tion.     Friction.     Friction-Lubrication. 

af-fright'.     Great  fear.     Sanguineness-Timidity. 

af-fright'-ment.    Great  fear.    Sanguineness-Timidity. 

af-front'.  To  insult  openly.  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence, Favorite-Anger,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Regard-Disrespect;  affront  danger, 
Bravery-Cowardice.  . 

af-fuse'.     To  pour.     Water-Air. 

af-fy'.  To  promise  in  marriage.  Matrimony-Celi- 
bacy. 

a-field'.     On  the  field.     Presence-Absence. 

a-float'.  Floating.  Conveyance-Vessel,  Entity- 
Nonentity,  Mutability-Stability,  Occurrence- 
Destiny,  Ocean-Land,  Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration,  Tidings-Mystery,  Traveling-Navigation; 
keep  oneself  afloat,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

a-foot  .     In  progress.     Activity-Indolence,  Occupa 
tion,  Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

a-fore'.     Before.     Antecedence-Sequence. 

a-fore'-named" .  Named  before.  Antecedence-Se- 
quence. 

a-fore'-said".  Said  before.  Antecedence-Sequence, 
Precedence-Succession,  Recurrence. 

a-fore'-thought".  Premeditation.  Predetermina- 
tion-Impulse. 

a-fraid'.  Filled  with  fear.  Sanguineness-Timidity; 
afraid  to  say,  Certainty-Doubt;  be  afraid,  Deter- 
mination-Vacillation. 

a-fresh'.     Anew.     Novelty-Antiquity,  Recurrence. 

Af'-ric  heat.     Great  heat.     Heat-Cold. 

af'-rite.     An  evil  genie.     Jove-Fiend. 

aft.     Toward  the  stern.     Anteriority-Posteriority. 

aft'-er.  Behind.  Antecedence-Sequence,  Ante- 
riority-Posteriority, Leading-Following,  Op- 
portuneness-Unsuitableness,  Precedence-Suc- 
cession, Quest-Evasion;  after  all,  Compensation, 
Modification,  Ratiocination-Instinct;  after 
time,  Earliness-Lateness,  Future-Past;  be  after, 
Purpose-Luck,  Quest-Evasion;  go  after,  Leading- 
Following. 

aft'-er-ac"-cep-ta'-tion.  After  meaning.  Meaning- 
Jargon. 

aft'-er-age.     Future  time.    Novelty-Antiquity. 

aft'-er-clap" .  An  unexpected  stroke.  Expectation- 
Surprise. 

aft'-er-course" .  A  later  course.  Predecessor-Con- 
tinuation. 

aft'-er-din"-ner.  Made  or  occurring  after  dinner. 
Antecedence-Sequence. 

aft'-er-glow" .  A  glow  in  the  western  sky  after  sunset. 
Increment-Remnant. 

af t'-er-life" .     The  future  life.    Occurrence-Destiny. 

aft"-er-noon'.  Day  between  noon  and  sunset.  Morn- 
ing-Evening. 

aft"-er-noon'  far'-mer.  A  lazy  person.  Activity- 
Indolence. 

aft'-er-noon"  par'-ty.    A  party.    Sociability-Privacy. 

aft'-er -part".  That  which  follows.  Anteriority- 
Posteriority,  Predecessor-Continuation. 

aft'-er-piece".     A  sequel.     Acting. 


aft'-er-taste".  Lingering  taste  in  the  mouth.  Savor- 
Tastelessness. 

aft'-er-thought".  A  more  deliberate  thought.  Big- 
otry-Apostasy, Mind-Imbecility,  Remembrance- 
forgetfulness. 

aft'-er-time".  Future.  Earliness-Lateness,  Future- 
Past. 

aft'-er-wards.  At  a  later  time.  Antecedence- 
Sequence. 

a'-ga.     Lower  Turkish   noble.     Chief-Underling. 

agacerie  [F.]  (a-gas-ri').  Enticement.  Motive-Ca- 
price. 

a-gain'.  At  another  time.  Doubling-Halving,  Re- 
currence; again  and  again,  Frequency-Rarity, 
Recurrence;  come  again,  Periodicity-Regular- 
ity; fall  off  again,  Renovation-Relapse;  live  again, 
Renovation-Relapse. 

a-gainst'.  In  opposition  to.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Laterality-Contraposition,  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation;  against  one's  expectation,  Ex- 
pectation-Surprise; against  one's  will,  Coercion; 
against  one's  wishes,  Readiness-Reluctance; 
against  the  grain,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  De- 
sire-Distaste, Difficulty-Facility,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness;  against  the  stream,  Antago- 
nism-Concurrence, Difficulty-Facility;  against 
the  time  when,  Prevision;  chances  against,  Likeli- 
hood-Unlikelihood; declaim  against,  Approval- 
Disapproval;  false  witness  against,  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement; go  against,  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence; raise  one's  voice  against,  Assent-Dissent; 
set  against,  Love-Hate;  set  one's  face  against,  An- 
tagonism-Concurrence, Approval-Disapproval, 
Proffer-Refusal;  stand  up  against,  Reprisal- 
Resistance. 

ag'-a-mist.  One  who  opposes  marriage.  Matrimony- 
Celibacy. 

a-gape'.  Gaping.  Astonishment-Expectance,  Ex 
pectation-Surprise,       Inquisitiveness-Indiffer- 

ENCE. 

ag'-a-pe.  The  love-feast  of  the  primitive  Christians. 
Ceremonial. 

Ag"-a-pem'-o-ne.  A  religious  community.  Love- 
Hate,  Pleasure-Pain. 

ag'-ate.  A  variety  of  quartz.  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement. 

age.  A  period  of  time.  Duration-Neverness,  In- 
fancy-Age, Lastingness-Transientness,  Nov- 
elty-Antiquity, Period-Progress,  Time;  from 
age  to  age,  Eternity-Instantaneity;  of  age,  Man- 
hood. 

a'-ged.     Old.     Infancy-Age. 

a'-gen-cy.  Active  power.  Action-Passiveness, 
Agency,  Commission-Abrogation,  Instrumental- 
ity, Management,  Use-Disuse. 

AGENCY. 

Action.     Effect  of  power  exerted  on  one  body  by  another.     See 

Action. 
Agency.     The  means  or  mode  of  action. 
Causation.     The  act  or  power  by  which  an  effect  is  produced.     See 

Cause. 
Exercise.     Employment  in  the  proper  mode  of  activity. 
Force.     Capacity  of  exercising  an  influence  or  producing  an  effect. 
Function.     Any  specific  power  of  acting  or  operating  that  belongs 

to  an  agent. 
Home  stroke.     A  well  aimed  blow. 

Influence.     Controlling  power  quietly  exerted.     See  Dominance. 
Instrumentality.     Anything  used  as  a  means  or  an  agency.     See 

Instrumentality. 
Inter-action.     Mutual  or  reciprocal  action  or  influence. 
Inter-working.     Act  of  working  in  together. 

Maintaining  power.     The  power  or  force  which  supports  or  keeps  up 
Maintenance.     That  which  supports  or  defends. 
Modus  operandi  [L.].     Manner  of  operation. 
Office.     A  special  duty,  trust,  or  charge. 


AGENCY. 


30 


AGGLOMERATE. 


on.  -v 

».    } 


To  bring  into  action ;  to  work. 


AGENCY— Continued. 

Operation.     Method  of  working. 
Play.     Liberty  of  action. 

Quickening  power.     The  act  or  agent  which  imparts  energy  or  move- 
ment to. 
Strain.     Extreme  tension;  a  violent  effort. 
Swing.     Swaying  motion;  free  course. 
Work.  ■  Exertion  of  strength  or  faculties. 
Working.     Act  of  laboring. 

Agency — Verbs. 
Act.     To  exert  power. 
Act  upon.     To  produce  an  effect  upon. 

Be  in  action,  etc.     To  be  exerting  one's  strength.     See  Adjectives, 
Bring  into  operation,  y 
Bring  into  play. 
Bring  to  bear  upon. 
Come  into  operation. J 

Have  play.         1  To  have  freedom  of  action. 

Maintain.     To  support  or  keep  up. 

Operate.     To  exert  power  or  strength,  physical  or  mechanical 

Perform.     To  bring  to  completion. 

Play.     To  put  in  action  or  motion. 

Quicken.     To  make  lively  or  active. 

Strain.     Overexert. 

Strike.     To  deliver  a  quick  blow  or  thrust. 

Support.     To  bear  by  being  under. 

Sustain.     To  keep  from  falling. 

Take  effect.     To  accomplish  an  aim. 

Work.     To  exert  oneself  for  a  purpose. 

Agency — Adjectives. 

Acted  upon.     Having  some  power  exerted  upon 

Acting.     Operating  in  any  way.     See  Action. 

At  work.     Laboring. 

Effectual.     Capable  of  bringing  about  a  result. 

Efficacious.     Powerful  to  produce  the  effect  intended. 

Efficient.     Marked  by  energetic  and  useful  activity. 

In  action.     Engaged  in  work. 

In  exercise.     Using  physical  or  mechanical  powers. 

In  force.     Driving;  compelling. 

In  operation.     Exerting  power. 

In  play.     Into  use. 

On  foot.     Doing. 

Operative.     Having  the  power  of  acting. 

Practical.     Capable  of  being  turned  to  use  or  account. 

Wrought  upon.     Having  power  acting  upon. 

Agency — Adverbs. 


Oc- 


By  means  of.     See  Means. 
By  the  agency  of.     See  Nouns 
Through.     See  Instrumentality. 


agenda  [L.]  (a-gen'-da) .     A  program  of  business, 
cupation;  list  of  agenda,  Design. 

agendum  [L.]  (a-gen'-dum).  A  thing  to  be  done.  Oc- 
cupation. 

a'-gent.  One  who  has  power  to  act.  Agent,  Cause- 
Effect,  Consignee;  anesthetic  agent,  Feeling-In- 
sensibility. 

AGENT. 

Actor.     One  who  does  anything  in  any  way;  a  stage  player. 

Agent.     One  who  has  the  power  to  act;  one  who  acts. 

Architect.     One  who  constructs  fine  buildings. 

Artificer.     One  who  fashions. 

Artisan.     A  skilled  mechanical  worker. 

Artist.     One  who  is  skilled  in  fine  arts. 

Baker.     One  who  bakes. 

Blacksmith      A  smith  who  works  in  iron 

Bricklayer.     One  who  puts  bricks  in  place. 

Builder.     One  who  puts  together. 

Cabinet-maker.     One  who  makes  furniture. 

Carpenter.     One  skilled  in  handling  and  constructing. 

Chargeship.      Office  of  a  charge  d'affaires. 

Charwoman.     A  woman  who  works  by  the  day. 

Cordwainer.     A  worker  in  cordwain. 

Coworker.     One  who  works  with  another 

Craftsman.     One  who  has  manual  skill,  or  belongs  to  a  trade. 

Day  laborer.     Laborer  by  day. 


Demiurgus.     Creator  of  the  universe. 

Doer.     One  who  acts. 

Dramatis  Personae.     The  persons  of  the  play. 

Drudge.     One  who  works  hard  at  servile  tasks. 

Engineer.     One  who  runs  an  engine. 

Executor.     One  who  carries  through,  especially  the  provisions  of  a 

will. 
Executrix.     A  female  executor. 
Factotum.      An  agent  who  does  all  sorts  of  work. 
Fag,     One  who  does  menial  service. 
Farrier.     A  shoer  of  horses. 
Forger.     One  who  shapes  metal. 
Glazier.     Fitter  of  window-panes. 
Hack.     A  drudge. 
Hand.     A  laborer. 
Handicraft  man.     An  artisan. 

Hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of  water.     Humble  workers. 
Journeyman.     One  who  has  m.astered  his  trade. 

Laboring  man.  }  0ne  who  toils  or  labors* 

Machinist.     One  versed  in  construction  of  machines. 

Maker.     One  who  makes. 

Man.     Used  of  men  who  are  employed. 

Manufacturer.     One  engaged  in  the  production  of  material  objects. 

Mason.     One  whose  business  is  in  stone. 

Mechanic.     One  skilled  in  mechanic  arts. 

Mechanician.     One  who  understands  machines. 

Milkman.     One  who  sells  milk  from  door  to  door. 

Miller.     One  who  tends  a  mill,  particularly  a  grist-mill. 

Minister.     An  agent,  especially  in  religion.     See  Instrumentality 

Navvy.     One  engaged  in  constructing  canals,  etc. 

Needle-woman.     One  who  uses  a  needle. 

Operative.     A  person  who  works  in  a  mill  or  factory. 

Operator.     One  who  looks  after  the  working  of  any  industry. 

Particeps  criminis  [L.].     A  partner  in  crime. 

Participator  in.     One  who  has  a  word  or  part  in. 

Party  to.     One  interested  in. 

Performer.     One  who  carries  through  anything  to  completion. 

Perpetrator.     One  who  carries  through,  in  a  bad  sense. 

Practitioner.     One  who  practises. 

Printer.     One  who  sets  type,  or  prints. 

Puppet-man.     A  puppet-player. 

Purveyor.     One  who  provides  victuals. 

Quarryman,     One  who  owns,  operates,  or  works  in  a  quarry. 

Rag-man.     One  who  buys  rags. 

Representative.     One  who  represents  another.     See  Consignee.    Se>' 

Deputy. 
Sail-maker.     One  who  makes  sails. 
Seamstress.     A  woman  skilled  in  sewing. 
Servant.     A  domestic  laborer.     See  Underling. 
Servant  of  all  work.     One  who  does  odd  jobs. 
Smith.     One  who  shapes  metal. 
Stager.     Actor. 

Tailor.     One  who  makes  and  fits  clothes. 
Tanner.     One  whose  occupation  is  to  tan  hides. 
Wheelwright.     One  who  makes  and  repairs  wheeled  vehicles. 
Worker.     One  who  does  something. 
Workingman.     A  workman. 
Workman.     A  man  who  works. 
Workwoman.     A  woman  who  works. 
Wright.     One  engaged  in  mechanical  operations. 

Agent — Figurative  Nouns 

Ant.     An  insect,  the  symbol  of  industry. 

Bee.     An  insect  that  produces  honey;  a  symbol  of  industry. 

Laboring  oar.     A  helper. 

Mere  tool.     A  low  worker. 

Vulcan.     God  of  the  forge. 

Agent — Phrases. 

Faber  est  quisque  fortunes  sute  [L.].      Every  man  is  the  artificer  o! 

his  own  fortune. 
Quorum  pars  magna  fui  [L.].     Of  which  I  have  been  a  great  part. 

a'-gent-ship".  Office  of  an  agent.  Commission-Ab- 
rogation. 

age  quod  agts  [L.]  (e'-ji  quod  e'-jis).  Do  what  you  do. 
Activity-Indolence. 

a'-ges.  Long  period  of  time.  Ages  ago,  Future-Past; 
for  ages,  Lastingness-Transientness. 

ag-glom'-er-ate.  Gathered  into  a  mass.  Cohesion- 
Looseness,  Gathering-Scattering. 


AGGLOMERATION. 


31 


AGITATION. 


ag-glom"-er-a'-tion.  A  mass.  Cohesion-Looseness, 
Gathering-Scattering. 

ag-glu'-ti-nate.  To  stick  together.  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness. 

ag-glu"-ti-na'-tion.    Adhesion.    Cohesion-Looseness. 

ag'-gran-dize.     To  make  greater.  Enlargement- 

Diminution,  Increase-Decrease,  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

ag'-gran-dize"-ment.  Exaltation.  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Increase-Decrease,  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

ag'-gra-va-ble.  Tending  to  aggravate.  Alleviation- 
Aggravation. 

ag'-gra-vate.  To  add  weight  to ;  to  anger.  Alleviation- 
Aggravation,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Fa- 
vorite-Anger, Gull-Hyperbole,  Increase-De- 
crease, Turbulence-Calmness. 

ag'-gra-va"-ted.  Increased.  Alleviation-Aggrava- 
tion. 

ag'-gra-va"-ting.  Irritating.  Alleviation-Aggrava- 
tion, Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

ag"-gra-va'-tion.  Act  of  aggravating,  Alleviation- 
Aggravation,  Gull-Hyperbole,  Increase-De- 
crease. 

ag'-gre-gate.  To  bring  together.  Gathering-Scat- 
tering, Whole-Part. 

ag"-gre-ga'-tion.    Assemblage.    Cohesion-Looseness. 

ag-gres'-sion.  An  unprovoked  attack.  Attack-De- 
fense. 

ag-grieve'.  To  cause  sorrow  to.  Goodness-Badness, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

ag-group'.  To  form  a  group.  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing. 

a-ghast'.  Struck  with  terror.  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance, Expectation-Surprise,  Sanguineness- 
Timidity. 

ag'-ile.  Active.  Activity-Indolence,  Swiftness- 
Slowness. 

a-gil'-i-ty.     Nimbleness.     Activity-Indolence. 

ag'-i-o.     Exchange  premium.     Price-Discount. 

ag'-i-o-tage.     Brokerage.     Exchange. 

ag'-i-tate.  To  excite.  Activity-Indolence,  Agita- 
tion, Excitation,  Investigation-Answer;  agitate 
a  question,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

ag'-i-ta"-ted.  Excited.  Agitation,  Mutability- 
Stability. 

ag"-i-ta'-tion.  Act  of  exciting.  Activity-Indolence, 
Agitation,  Emotion,  Excitability-Inexcitabil- 
ity,  Excitation,  Investigation-Answer,  Muta- 
bility-Stability, Vigor-Inertia;  in  agitation, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

AGITATION. 

Agitation.     Disturbance  of  mind  which'  shows  itself  by  physical 

excitement ;  state  of  being  moved  with  violence  or  irregular  action. 
Bustle.     Noisy  stir. 

Cahotage  [F.].     A  jolting;  as  the  jolting  of  a  car. 
Commotion.     A  very  violent  agitation. 
Convulsion.     Any  violent  irregular  motion;   an  abnormal  muscular 

contraction  of  the  body. 
Jance.     A   series   of    rhythmic   concerted   movements   and   steps, 

usually  to  time  marked  by  music. 
Disquiet.     An  unsettled  or  disturbed  condition. 
Disturbance.     A  public  tumult. 
Ebullition.     A  violent  bursting  forth;    the  bubbling  of  a  boiling 

liquid. 
Effervescence.     Irrepressible  excitement  or  emotion;    a  bubbling 

caused  otherwise  than  by  boiling. 
Epilepsy.     A  nervous  disease  characterized  by  fits  and  convulsive 

movements  of  the  muscles. 
Ferment.     Internal  motion  or  emotion. 
Fermentation.     A  state  of  agitation  or  excitement,  as  of  the  intellect 

or  the  feelings. 
Fits.     A  stroke  of  disease  which  causes  convulsions;   an  impulsive 

and  irregular  action. 
Flutter.     A  quick  and  irregular  motion. 


Fuss.     Unnecessary  or  annoying  activity  about  trifling  matters. 
Ground  swell.     A  broad,  deep  rolling  of  the  sea,  due  to  a  distant 

storm. 
Heavy  sea.     A  sea  in  which  the  waves  run  high. 
Hubbub.     A  noisy  disorder. 
Hurly-burly.     Tumult  and  uproar. 

Jactitation.}  Atossin«  about- 

Jar.     A  trembling  or  shaking,  as  from  a  sudden  shock. 

Jerk.     A  short,  sharp  pull  or  twitch. 

Jog.      A  slow,  jolting  motion. 

Jolt.     A  sudden  movement  or  shock. 

Megrims.     A  sudden  attack  of  sickness  in  a  horse,  which  causes 

un  con  sciousness . 
Palpitation.     A  rapid  beating  or  throbbing. 
Perturbation.     A  disturbance  or  irregular  motion,  produced  by  some 

force  additional  to  that  which  causes  regular  motion. 
Quaver.     A  rapid  and  tremulous  vibration. 
Quiver.     A  slight  trembling  motion. 
Racket.     Confused,  clattering  noise. 

Restlessness.     Unquietness;  uneasiness.     See  Mutability. 
Ripple.     A  slight  curling  motion. 
Rout,     A  disorderly  flight. 
Shake.     A  short  and  rapid  motion. 
Shock.     A  sudden  and  violent  motion  caused  by  dashing  against 

something. 
Shuffling.     An  awkward,  clumsy  movement.     See  Verbs, 
Spasm.     Any  sudden  or  convulsive  action. 
Staggers.     A  disease  causing  unsteady,  reeling  movements. 
Stir.     General  or  public  excitement. 
Storm.     A  great  whirling  motion  of  the  air. 
Subsultus.     Convulsive  muscular  twitching. 
Succussion.     A  shaking. 

Tempest.     A  violent  commotion  or  agitation. 
Throb.     A  rapid  and  strong  beating. 
Throe.     A  struggling  caused  by  pain. 
Tremor.     A  shivering  or  shaking. 

Trepidation.     An  involuntary  trembling  caused  by  terror  or  fear. 
Tumult.     Commotion  or  agitation  of  a  multitude. 
Tumultuation.     Irregular  or  disorderly  motion. 
Turbulence.     A  violent  agitation  or  commotion. 
Turmoil.     Confused  motion. 
Twitter.     A  light  tremulous  motion. 
Vortex.     A  rotating  or  whirling  motion. 
Whirlpool.     A  place  in  a  body  of  water  where  the  water  moves  round 

in  a  circle  causing  a  depression  into  which  objects  are  drawn ;   a 

disturbance  caused  by  the  meeting  of  two  currents. 
Whirlwind.     A  funnel-shaped  column  of  air  with  a  circular,  spiral 

motion;  a  great  disturbance.     See  River-Wind. 

Agitation — Verbs. 

Agitate.     To  disturb  or  shake  irregularly. 

Bandy.     To  pass  akmg  or  knock  back  and  forth. 

Be  agitated.     Be  disturbed  or  excited. 

Beat.     To  dash  or  strike  against. 

Be  the  sport  of  the  winds  and  waves.     To  be  tossed  to  and  fro  without 

a  purpose. 
Bicker.     To  strike  repeatedly;  wrangle. 
Bob.     Move  up  and  down. 
Boil.     To  bubble  up. 

Boil  over.     To  be  so  violently  agitated  as  to  run  over. 
Brandish.     Raise  and  move  in  various  directions. 
Bubble.     To  form  globules  of  air  or  gas. 
Bubble  up.     To  begin  to  boil. 
Buffet.     To  strike  with  a  hand. 
Bustle.     To  stir  about  actively  or  excitedly. 
Churn.     To  stir  or  mix  up. 

Convulse.     To  cause  to  have  contraction  of  muscles. 
Curvet.     To  prance. 

Dance.     To  cause  to  move  lightly  up  or  down. 
Disturb.     To  rouse  from  repose,  rest. 
Drive  from  post  to  pillar  and  from  pillar  to  post.     To  drive  backward 

and  forward. 
Effervesce.     To  give  up  bubbles  of  gas. 
Ferment.      To  be  excited  into  sensible  internal  motion. 
Flap.     To  move  rapidly  to  and  fro. 
Flicker.     To  be  unsteady  or  wavering. 
Flitter.     To  scatter;  flutter. 
Flop.     To  move  looselv. 

Flounce.     To  move  about  with  an  impatient  movement. 
Flounder.     To  stumble  or  struggle. 

Flourish.     To  swing,  fling,  or  toss  about  while  holding  in  +he  hand- 
Foam.     To  froth. 


AGITATION. 


32 


AID. 


AGITATION— Verbs— Continue  d. 

Go  pit-a-pat.     Move  with  light,  quick  steps  or  pulsations. 

Hitch.     To  move  with  a  jerking  motion. 

Hustle.     To  shake  or  shuffle  together  in  confusion. 

Jerk.     To  move  with  short,  sharp  pulls. 

Jog.     To  move  with  a  slow,  trotting  motion. 

Joggle.     To  shake  slightly  with  irregular  motion. 

Jolt.     To  move  up  and  down  with  a  jarring  movement. 

Jostle.     To  shake  slightly. 

Jounce.     Jolt. 

Jump  about.     To  move  by  springs  or  bounds. 

Jump  like  a  parched  pea.     To  move  quickly  and  unexpectedly. 

Keep  between  hawk  and  buzzard.     To  move  from  one  dangerous 

place  to  another. 
Move  from  post  to  pillar  and  from  pillar  to  post.     To  move  to  and  fro. 
Palpitate.     To  beat  violently. 
Prance.     To  spring  or  bound,  as  a  horse. 
Quake.     To  be  agitated  with  quick,  short,  repeated  motions 
Quaver.     To  have  a  tremulous  motion. 
Quiver.     To  be  agitated  with  a  fluttering  motion. 
Reel.     To  stagger  or  sway  in  walking. 

Reel  to  and  fro  like  a  drunken  man.     To  sway  from  side  to  side. 
Shake.     To  move  rapidly  and  shortly  to  and  fro  or  up  and  down. 
Shake  like  an  aspen  leaf.     To  tremble. 

Shake  to  its  center.     To  shake  violently  or  through  and  through. 
Shake  to  its  foundations.     To  shake  thoroughly. 
Shake  up.     To  stir  with  a  violent  motion. 
Shamble.     To  walk  with  a  shuffling  or  unsteady  gait. 
Shiver.     To  tremble,  as  with  cold  or  fear. 

Shuffle.     To  move  along  with  difficulty,  listlessly,  or  awkwardly. 
Simmer.     To  boil  gently. 

Stagger.     To  move  unsteadily  to  one  side  and  the  other. 
Stir.     To  cause  to  move. 

Stumble.     To  move  unsteadily  or  in  a  blundering  manner. 
Sway.     To  incline,  bend,  or  swing. 
Throb.     To  vibrate  in  any  way. 
Toss.     To  throw  up  with  the  hand. 
Toss  about.     To  throw  oneself  from  side  to  side. 
Totter.     To  waver,  as  if  about  to  fall. 
Tremble.     To  have  a  slight  irregular  vibratory  motion. 
Tremble  like  an  aspen  leaf.     To  tremble  violently. 
Tumble.     To  move  in  a  careless  or  headlong  manner. 
Twine.     To  wind  in  curves. 
Twitter.     To  be  excited  or  agitated. 
Vellicate.     To  cause  to  twitch  or  contract  convulsively. 
Wag.     To  move  lightly  and  quickly  one  way  and  the  other. 
Waggle.     To  cause  to  move  in  short,  quick  movements. 
Wallop.     To  flog;  waddle. 
Whip.     To  excite ;  to  strike  with  a  rod. 
Whisk.     A  light  sweeping  movement. 
Wield.     To  use  with  full  effect. 
Wriggle.     To  move  with  short  turns  and  twists. 
Wriggle  like  an  eel.     To  squirm. 
Writhe.     To  twist  with  violence. 

Agitation — Adjectives. 

Agitated.      Disturbed. 

All  of  a  twitter.     Highly  excited. 

Convulsive.     Spasmodic. 

Desultory.      Changeable. 

Giddy-paced.     Moving  irregularly. 

Restless.      Unquiet. 

Saltatory.      Moving  abruptly  or  by  leaps. 

Shaking.     Vibrating.     See  Verbs. 

Shambling.      Unsteady. 

Subsultory.      Bounding. 

Tremulous.     Trembling. 

Unquiet.     Without  rest. 

Agitation — Adverbs. 

By  fits  and  starts.     Irregularly. 
Hop,  skip  and  jump.     Carelessly. 
In  convulsions.     By  starts. 
In  fits.     Unstably. 
Per  saltum  [L.].     By  leaps. 
Subsultorily.     Bounding. 

Agitation — Phrases. 
Tempete  dans  un  verre  d'eau  [F.].     Tempest  in  a  glass  of  water. 


ag'-let.    An  ornamental  pendant. 

CATURE. 


Delineation-Cari- 


ag'-nate.    Related  ori  the  father's  side.    Relationship. 

ag-na'-tion.  Relationship  on  father's  side.  Relation- 
ship. 

ag-ni'-tion.    Recognition.    Consent. 

ag-nize'.     To  acknowledge.     Consent. 

ag-no'-men.    An  additional  name.    Name-Misnomer. 

agnus  Dei  [L.]  (ag'-nus  Di'-ai).  The  Lamb  of  God 
Ceremonial,  Devotion-Charm. 

a-go'.     Gone  past.     Future-Past. 

a-gog'.  Excited  with  curiosity.  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance, Desire-Distaste,  Expectation-Sur- 
prise. 

a-go'-ing.  In  motion.  Activity-Indolence;  set 
agoing,  Obstruction-Help. 

ag'-o-nism.    Contention  for  a  prize.    Strife-Peace. 

ag'-o-nize.  To  cause  pain.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

ag'-o-ni"-zing.  Suffering  agony.  Excitability-In- 
excitability,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

ag'-o-ny.  Intense  suffering.  Pleasure-Pain,  Sensu- 
ality-Suffering; agony  of  death,  Life-Death; 
agony  of  excitement,  Excitability-Inexcitability. 

a-gram'-ma-tist.     An  ignorant  man.    Scholar-Dunce. 

a-gra'-ri-an.  Pertaining  to  land.  Domestication- 
Agriculture. 

a-gree'.  To  be  of  one  mind.  Assent-Dissent,  Com- 
position, Consent,  Contract,  Cooperation-Op- 
position, Harmony-Discord,  Variance-Accord; 
agree  in  opinion,  Assent-Dissent;  agree  with, 
Healthiness-Unhealthiness. 

a-gree'-a-ble.  Pleasurable.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness, Sensuality-Suffering,  Welfare-Mis- 
fortune. 

a-gree'-a-ble-ness.  Pleasurableness.  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness. 

a-gree'-a-bly.  Pleasingly.  Agreeably  to,  Convention- 
ale y-Unconventionality. 

a-gree'-ing.  Being  of  one  mind.  Harmony-Discord, 
Variance-Accord. 

a-gree'-ment.  Mutual  assent.  Assent-Dissent,  Com- 
position, Consent,  Contract,  Cooperation-Op- 
position, Harmony-Discord,  Likeness-Unlike- 
ness,  Variance-Accord,  Uniformity-Diversity. 

a-gres'-tic.     Rural.     Domestication-Agriculture. 

ag'-ri-cul"-tor.  A  farmer.  Domestication-Agricul- 
ture. 

ag"-ri-cul'-tur-al..  Rustic.  Domestication-Agricul- 
ture. 

ag'-ri-cul"-ture.  Cultivation  of  soil.  Domestication- 
Agriculture. 

ag"-ri-cul'-tur-ist.  A  farmer.  Domestication-Agri- 
culture. 

ag-ron'-o-my.  Scientific  husbandry.  Domestication- 
Agriculture. 

a-ground'.  Stranded.  Difficulty-Facility,  Muta- 
bility-Stability, Success-Failure. 

a'-gue-fit".     A  fever.     Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

aguets,  aux  [F.]  (a-ge',  oz).  On  the  watch.  Expec- 
tation-Surprise, Exposure-Hidingplace. 

a'-gu-ish.     Chilly.     Heat-Cold. 

a-ha'.  Exclamation  of  joy.  Jubilation-Lamenta- 
tion. 

a-head'.  In  front.  Advance-Retrogression,  Ante- 
riority-Posteriority, Leading-Following;  go 
ahead,  Advance-Retrogression;  rock  ahead, 
Refuge-Pitfall,  Security-Insecurity;  shoot 
ahead,  Activity-Indolence,  Transcursion-Short- 
coming. 

ah  me.  Exclamation  of  grief.  Jubilation-Lamenta- 
tion. 

Ah'-ri-man.     Evil  deity.     Jove-Fiend. 

Ah'-ri-man"-es     [Gr.].     Ahriman.     Angel-Satan. 

aid.  Help.  Charitableness-Malevolence,  Instru- 
mentality,   Means.    Obstruction-Help,    Suspen- 


AID. 


33 


AIM— ABERRATION. 


sion-Support;  by  the  aid  of,  Instrumentality, 
Means,  Obstruction-Help. 

aide'-de-camp" .  A  staff  officer.  Antagonist-Assist- 
ant, Chief-Underling. 

aide-toi,  le  del  t'aidera  [F.]  (ed-twa/,  le  si-el'  ted-e-ra'). 
Help  yourself  and  Heaven  will  help  you.  Toil- 
Relaxation. 

aid'-ing.     Helping.     Obstruction-Help. 

aid'-less.     Helpless.     Strength-Weakness. 

ai-grette'.  Tuft  of  feathers.  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement. 

ai-guille'.  A  rocky  mountain-summit.  Sharpness- 
Bluntness. 


aiguille,  chercher  une — dans  une  botte  de  join  [F.] 
(egwiy',  shAr-she' un-dan"z  un  bot  de  fwan).  "To 
look  for  a  needle  in  a  haystack."  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Possibility-Impossibility,  Usefulness- 
Uselessness. 

ai'-gu-let.  An  ornamental  pendant.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement. 

ail.    To  be  ill.    Health-Sickness,  Pleasure- Pain. 

ail'-ing.     Being  somewhat  ill.     Health-Sickness. 

ail'-ment.    Slight  sickness.    Health-Sickness. 

aim.  To  direct.  Aim-Aberration,  Purpose-Luck; 
aim  a  blow  at,  Attack-Defense;  aim  at,  Purpose- 
Luck,  Quest-Evasion. 


AIM— ABERRATION. 


Alignment.     Arrangement  in  a  straight  line. 

Aim.     Line  of  direction;  design. 

Bearing.    The  direction  of  a  point  as  determined  by  the  compass  on 

a  ship. 
Bending.     Deflection. 

Collimation.     The  act  of  rendering  parallel  to  a  given  straight  line. 
Course.     Line  of  motion. 
Dip.     Inclination;  change  of  angle. 

Direction.     The  trend  of  a  line  as  determined  by  its  extremities. 
Drift.     The  course  along  which  anything  moves. 
Incidence.     The  course  of  a  body  in  relation  to  a  surface  on  which  it 

falls. 
Line.     A  route;  course. 
Set.     Direction  of,  as  of  wind  and  current. 
Steerage.     The  course  in  which  the  ship  is  kept. 
Tack.     Fastening  down  the  corners  of  certain  sails  in  passing  from 

one  point  to  another;  hence,  the  course  of  sailing. 
Tendency.     See  Inclination. 
Tenor.     A  settled  manner  of  progress;  direction. 
Trend.     Inclination;  tendency. 

Aim — Associated  Nouns. 

Azimuth  the  arc  of  the  horizon  which  a  vertical  plane  passing 
through  a  heavenly  body  makes  with  the  meridian  of  the  place  of 
observation;  cardinal  points;  line  of  collimation;  path;  point  of 
the  compass;  quarter,  any  special  place  or  direction;  range, 
space  through  which  anything  moves;  road;  rhumb,  one  of  the 
thirty-two  points  on  a  compass. 

Aim — Points  of  Direction. 

East;  east  by  north;  east  by  south;  east-northeast;  east-southeast; 
north;  north  by  east;  north  by  west;  northeast;  northeast  by  east; 
northeast  by  north;  north-northeast;  north-northwest;  northwest; 
northwest  by  north;  northwest  by  south;  south;  south  by  east; 
south  by  west;  southeast;  southeast  by  east;  southeast  by  south; 
southwest;  southwest  by  south;  southwest  by  west;  south-south- 
east; south-southwest;  west;  west  by  north;  west  by  south;  west- 
northwest;  west-southwest. 

Aim —  Verbs. 

Aim  at.     To  point  in  the  direction  of. 

Align  one's  march.     To  lay  out  a  plan  or  course  to  follow. 

Ascertain  one's  aim.  ^ 

Ascertain  one's  course.      >To  find  out  where  one  is  going. 

Ascertain  one's  direction. ) 

Be  bound  for.     Have  one's  course  determined. 

Bend.     To  turn  from  its  first  direction. 

Bend  one's  course.     To  turn. 

Bend  one's  steps  towards.     To  go  in  a  direction. 

Bend  towards.     To  cause  to  go  in  a  direction. 

Box  the  compass.     To  recite  in  consecutive  order  the  thirty-two 

points  of  the  compass. 
Conduct  to.     To  lead  to. 

Determine.     To  make  up  one's  mind  about  some  course. 
Dip.     Incline. 

Direct  one's  course.     To  turn  to;  to  regulate;  to  plan. 
Easter.     Shift  to  the  east. 

Go  straight  to  the  point.     To  take  the  shortest  way. 
Go  to.     To  reach ;  to  go  in  the  direction  of. 
Hold  a  course.   I  „        ..  ..  .  , 

Keep  a  course    '  Keep  the  same  llne-  Patn.  road,  route. 
Keep  hold.     To  continue  holding. 

Level  ai.     To  take  aim ;  to  place  in  a  perfectly  horizontal  position. 
Make  for.     To  set  out  for;  to  go  toward. 
March  on.     Travel  in  some  direction. 

3 


Aberrance.     A  wandering  from  the  right  way. 

Aberration.     Wandering  from  the  truth. 

Declination.     Deviation;  departure. 

Deflection.     The  act  of  turning  aside. 

Deflexure.     The  state  of  bending  away  from. 

Detour.     See  Midcourse-Circuit. 

Deviation.     Going  out  of  the  way. 

Digression.     Turning  aside  from  the  right  path. 

Divergence.     See  Concentration -Radiation. 

Diversion.     Pastime*  amusement.     A  rest  from  work. 

Evagation.     Wandering  about ;  excursion. 

Flection.     A  turning,  as  of  the  eye. 

Obliquation.     Turning  to  one  side,  as  the  eyes. 

Refraction.     Bending  the  rays  of  light  in  passing  from  a  denser  to  a 

rarer  medium,  or  vice  versa. 
Sweep.     A  long  movement. 
Vagrancy.     State  of  wandering  about. 
Wandering.     Going  out  of  the  way. 
Warp.     A  twisting  from  the  right  course. 

Aberration — Denotations. 

Bypaths  and  crooked  ways ;  knight's  move  at  chess;   zigzag. 

Aberration — Verbs. 

Alter  one's  course.     To  change  one's  direction. 
'  Bear  off.     To  steer  away. 

Bend.     To  twist  away  from  its  former  course. 

Crook.     To  turn;  to  curve. 

Deflect.     To  turn  aside  from  a  horizontal  or  right  position. 

Depart  from.     To  leave ;  to  go  in  a  different  direction. 

Deviate.     Turn  aside. 

Digress.     To  go  out  of  the  way;  to  touch  upon  some  side  topics. 

Diverge.     See  Concentration-Radiation. 

Divert  from  its  course.     To  turn  aside  from  its  fixed  course,  business 
or  occupation. 

Dodge.     To  escape  by  evading  the  point  at  issue. 

Draw  aside.     To  pull  away;  to  withdraw. 

Drift.     To  float;  to  go  any  direction. 

Ease  off.     To  slacken  the  rope  to  let  the  ship  slowly  change  her 
direction. 

Face  about.     To  turn  the  face  completely  around. 

Face  to  the  right  about.     To  turn  the  face  completely  to  the  right. 

Fly  off  at  a  tangent.     To  fly  off  at  right  angles  to  the  radius  of  a  cir- 
cle; to  drop  the  main  subject. 

Go  adrift.     To  float  helplessly  along  in  any  direction. 

Go  astray.     To  wander  away  from  known  paths. 

Glance  off.     To  bound  to  a  side ;  to  fail  to  do  injury. 

Go  out  of  one's  way.     See  Circuit. 

Heel.     To  tip  or  lean  to  one  side. 

Intervert.     To  turn  to  another  course  or  way. 

Lose  one's  way.     Fail  to  know  which  direction  to  go. 

Make  way  for.     To  go  out  of  the  way;  to  open  up  a  passage. 

Meander,     To  wind ;  to  twist ;  to  turn  at  random. 

Put  on  a  new  scent.     Direct  In  a  different  wav 

Ramble.     To  roam  carelessly,  without  any  definite  point  in  view. 

Rove.     To  wander  about  in  a  heedless  manner. 

Shift.     To  move  from  place  to  place. 

Shunt.     To  switch  off.  like  a  train  of  cars. 

Shy.     To  jump  to  a  side  suddenly. 

Sidle.     To  move  sideways,  putting  one  side  ahead. 

Steer  clear  of.     To  go  out  of  the  way ;  to  avoid. 

Step  aside.     To  make  room  for  passage  by  getting  out  of  the  way. 

Straggle.     To  roam  in  bypaths ;  to  wander  out  of  the  way. 

Stray.     To  lose  one's  course. 


AIM— ABERRATION, 


34 


ALABASTER. 


AIM— ABERRATION— Continued. 


AIM — Verbs — Continued. 


March  on  a  point.     To  go  to  some  definite  place. 

Point  at.     Aim  at. 

Point  to.     Direct  attention  to. 

See  which  way  the  wind  blows.      Determine   the  direction  of   the 

wind. 
Shape  one's  course.     Outline  a  way  for  oneself. 
S'orienter  [F.].     To  find  one's  bearings. 
Steer  one's  course.     To  be  one's  own  pilot. 
Take  aim.     To  direct  the  eye  or  weapon. 
Tend  towards.     To  go  in  a  direction. 
Trend.     Incline. 
Verge.     Come  near. 

Aim — Adjectives. 

Aligned  with.     Put  in  the  rank,  line. 
Bound  for.     Going  in  some  particular  direction. 
Direct.     In  a  straight  line. 
Directed.     See  Verbs. 
Directed  towards.     See  Verbs. 
Easterly.     Tending  toward  the  east. 
North,  etc.       "| 

Northerly,  etc.  V  See  Points  of  Direction. 
Northern,  etc.  ) 

Point  towards.     To  direct  one's  attention  to  something. 
Straight.     Not  crooked;  keeping  in  the  same  path. 
Straightforward.     Upright;  not  deviating. 
Undeviating.     Not  going  out  of  the  way. 

Unswerving.     Unflinching;  carrying  out  one's  plans  without  fear  or 
trembling. 

Aim — Adverbs. 

As  the  crow  flies.     In  a  direct'  line. 

Before  the  wind.     In  the  direction  of  the  wind. 

By  the  way.     Branching  off,  but  connected  with  the  main  point. 

Directly.     Straightway. 

KEf'}  »-***••*■ 

En  avant  [F.].     Forward. 

From  the  four  winds.     From  north,  east,  south,  west. 

Full  tilt  at.     Straight  ahead. 

Hither.     This  way;  this  direction. 

In  the  wind*s  eye.     Directly  towards  the  point  from  which  the  wind 

blows. 
Near  the  wind.     Close  to  the  wind. 
Point  blank.     Straight  off;  flatly. 
Quaquaversum.     Facing  all  uirections;  all  sides. 
Straight.     Direct. 
Thither.     To  that  place  or  result. 
Through.     From  end  to  end. 


ABERRATION— Verbs— Continued. 
Swerve.     To  turn  aside  from  a  fixed  rule   law  or  custom;  to  deviate 

from  a  straight  line. 
Tralineate.     To  stray;  to  wander. 
Trend.     To  tend  in  a  different  direction ;  deviate. 
Turn.     Change  front;  revolve. 

Turn  a  corner.     To  go  around  a  corner;  to  take  a  different  course. 
Turn  aside.     Togo  out  of  the  way;  to  leave  the  right  path. 
Turn  away  from.     To  leave ;  desert ;  to  take  another  direction. 
Twist.     To  turn  from  its  former  course. 
Veer.     To  change  direction  of  a  ship  as  the  wind  changes. 
Wabble.     See  Vibration. 

Wander.     To  rove;  to  roam;  to  go  about  aimlessly. 
Warp.     To  twist  from  its  proper  course. 
Wheel.     To  turn  about;  to  change  direction. 
Wheel  about.     To  take  a  new  direction. 
Yaw.     To  steer  wildly  or  out  of  the  right  course. 

*  Aberration — Adjectives. 

Aberrant.     Wandering  from  the  right  course. 
Circuitous.     Roundabout;  indirect. 
Crablike.     Moving  sideways. 

Desultory.     Jumping  from  one  thing  to  another,  like  a  circus  rider. 
Deviating.     Varying. 

Devious.     Straying;  wandering;  leaving  the  path  of  rectitude. 
Discursive.     Passing  from  one  thing  to  another;  rambling. 
Errant.     Wandering;  wayward. 
Erratic.     Wandering;  rambling  in  thought. 
Excursive.     Roving. 

Indirect.     Not  straight  to  the  point;  roundabout. 
Rambling.     Roving;  discursive. 
Stray.     Straying;  irregular. 

Undirected.     Not  guided ;  not  knowing  the  way. 
Vagrant.     Wandering;  erring. 
Zigzag.     Going  from  side  to  side,  at  angles. 

Aberration — Adverbs. 
All  manner  of  ways;  astray  from;  circuitously  (see  Circuitous); 
like  the  move  of  a  knight  on  a  chessboard;  obliquely;  sideling; 
to  the  right  about;  wide  of  the  mark. 


AIM — Adverbs — Continued. 
Towards.     In  the  direction  of. 
Versus.     Against. 
Via.     By  way  of. 

AlM~Phrases. 
In  a  direct  line — for, — to, — with;  in  a  line  with;  in  a  straight  line — 
for, — to, — with;   in  all  directions;  in  all  manner  of  ways;   on  the 
road  to;  on  the  high  road  to. 


aimable,  faire  I'  [F.]  (e-ma'bl,  fer  1").  To  do  the  amiable. 
Love-Hate. 

aimer  tperdument  [F.]  (e-me'  S-peY-du-man-').  To  love 
to  distraction.     Love-Hate. 

aim'-less.  Without  purpose.  Motive-Caprice,  Pur- 
pose-Luck. 

air.  The  atmosphere.  Appearance-Disappearance, 
Beginning-End,  Chemistry,  Heaviness-Light- 
ness, Liquid-Gas,  Music,  River-Wind,  Society- 
Ludicrousness,  Substance-Nullity,  Water-Air, 
Weariness-Refreshment;  beat  the  air,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness;  fill  the  air,  Loudness-Faint- 
ness;  fine  air,  Healthiness-Unhealthiness;  fish 
in  the  air,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  fowls  of  the 
air,  Fauna-Flora;  rend  the  air,  Loudness-Faint- 
ness;   take  air,  Publicity. 

air'-bal-loon".  A  balloon  for  aerial  navigation.  Con- 
veyance-Vessel. 

air'-built".     Fanciful.     Fancy. 

air'-drawn".     Imaginary.     Fancy. 

air'-gun".    A  gun  fired  by  compressed  air.    Weapon. 

air'-ing.  Exposure  to  the  air.  Traveling-Navigation. 

air'-pipe".  Pipe  for  carrying  air.  Aperture-Closure, 
Entrance-Exit,  Watercourse-Airpipe. 

air'-pump".  A  pump  for  exhausting  air.  River- 
Wind. 

airs.      Affectation.      Conceit-Diffidence,    Presump- 


tion-Obsequiousness, Selfrespect-Humbleness, 
Society-Affectation. 

air'-tight".     Excluding  the  air.     Aperture-Closure. 

air'-tube".    An  air  pipe.    Watercourse-Airpipe. 

air'-ward.     Upward.     Height-Lowness. 

air'-y.  Visionary.  Appearance-Disappearance,  Be- 
ginning -  End,  Consequence  -  Insignificance, 
Heaviness-Lightness,  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion.  Liquid-Gas,  Music,  River-Wind,  Society- 
Ludicrousness,  Substance-Nullity,  Water-Air, 
Weariness-Refreshment;  airy  hopes,  Sanguine- 
ness-Hopelessness;  give  to  airy  nothing  a  local 
habitation  and  a  name,  Fancy. 

aisle.  A  passageway.  Aperture-Closure,  Fane, 
Way. 

ait.     A  little  island.     Swamp-Island. 

a-jar'.  Slightly  opened.  Aperture-Closure,  Vari- 
ance-Accord. 

a-jee'.     Distorted.    Parallelism-Inclination. 

aj'-u-tage.  A  tube  or  nozzle.  Aperture-Closure, 
Watercourse-Airpipe. 

a-kim'-bo.  Bent.  Angularity;  stand  akimbo,  De- 
fiance. 

a-kin'.  Related  by  blood.  Consanguinity,  Like- 
ness-Unlikeness. 

al'-a-bas"-ter.  A  white  gypsum.  Whiteness-Black- 
ness. 


ALACK. 


35 


ALIBI. 


a-lack'.  Exclamation  of  sorrow.  Jubilation-Lam- 
entation. 

a-lac'-ri-ty.  Willingness.  Activity-Indolence,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection,  Readiness-Reluctance  ; 
want  of  alacrity,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

A-lad'-din's  lamp.     A  magic  lamp.     Devotion-Charm. 

a-larm'.  Emotion  of  fear.  Alarm,  Sanguineness- 
Timidity,  Security-Insecurity,  Sign,  Warning; 
cause  for  alarm,  Security-Insecurity;  give  an 
alarm,  Alarm,  Sign. 

ALARM— Nouns. 

Alarm.     Any  sound  or  information  to  give  notice  of  approaching 

danger;  a  call  to  arms. 
Alarum.     An  alarming  sound. 
Alarm  bell.     A  bell  that  gives  notice  of  danger. 
AUrte  [P.J.     Notice  of  danger. 
Beat  of  drum.     A  succession  of  strokes,  varied  in  different  ways,  to 

give  notice  of  danger. 
Blue  lights.     A  night  signal  of  danger  at  sea. 
Bugaboo.     Anything  imaginary  that  causes  needless  fright. 
Bugbear.     Something  used  to  excite  needless  fear. 
Cry  of  wolf.     A  needless  alarm. 

Danger  signal.     A  mark  or  sign  that  points  out  some  impending  evil. 
False  alarm.     Unjustified  warning. 
Fire-cross.     An  ancient  signal  in  Scotland  for  the  nation  to  take 

arms,  consisting  of  two  firebrands  in  the  fashion  of  a  cross  and 

fixed  upon  a  spear. 
Fog  horn.     A  horn  that  gives  warning  of  danger  in  thick  weather. 
Fog  signal.     A  contrivance  that  sounds  an  alarm,  where  the  visible 

signals  would  be  hidden  in  thick  weather. 
Head  light.     A  light  in  front  of  a  locomotive  to  aid  the  engineer. 
Hue  and  cry.     A  written  proclamation  issued  on  the  escape  of  a  felon 

from  prison,  requiring  all  persons  to  aid  in  retaking  him. 
Lamm.     Alarum. 
Hote  of  alarm.     A  sound  of  danger. 

Red  flag.     A  flag  of  a  red  color  displayed  as  a  signal  of  danger. 
Red  light.     A  warning  signal  of  danger. 

Signal  of  distress.     A  sign  made  by  persons  in  danger  for  relief. 
Sound  of  trumpet.     A  danger  signal  sounded  by  a  trumpet. 
Tocsin.     A  ringing  of  a  bell  for  the  purpose  of  alarm. 
War  cry.     A  cry  or  signal  used  in  war. 

War  whoop.     A  war  cry,  especially  that  of  the  American  Indian. 
Yellow  flag.     A  quarantine  flag;  a  flag  carried  on  a  vessel  to  denote 

that  an  infectious  disease  is  on  board. 

Alarm — Verbs. 

Alarm.     To  give  notice  of  approaching  danger. 

Battre  la  generate  [F.J.     The  tattoo;  a  signal  at  9  p.  m.  to  repair  to 

quarters  or  tents. 
Beat  an  alarm,  etc.     See  Nouns. 
Cry  wolf.     To  excite  needless  alarm. 
Give  an  alarm.     See  Nouns. 
Raise  an  alarm.     See  Nouns. 
Ring  the  tocsin.     See  Nouns. 
Sound  an  alarm.     See  Nouns. 
Warn,  etc.     To  give  notice  of  approaching  or  probable  danger.     See 

Warning. 

Alarm — Adjectives. 
Alarming, etc.     See  Verb s. 

Alarm — Interjection. 
Sauve  qui  peut  [F.]I     Save  himself  who  canl 

a-larm'-ing.  Feeling  fear.  Alarm,  Security-Inse- 
curity. 

a-larm'-ist.  One  who  needlessly  excites  alarm.  Bra- 
very-Cowardice, Sanguineness-Timidity. 

a-lar'-um.  An  alarming  sound.  Alarm,  Sign,  Warn- 
ing. 

a-las'.  Exclamation  of  pain  or  sorrow.  Jubilation- 
Lamentation. 

alb.     A  priest's  garment.     Vestments. 

al'-ba.     A  priest's  garment.     Vestments. 

al-be'-do.  The  brightness  of  a  reflecting  surface. 
Astronomy. 

al"-be'-it.     Even  though.     Compensation. 


al"-bi-fi-ca'-tion.  Act  of  whitening.  Whiteness- 
Blackness. 

Al"-bi-gen'-sis.  An  old  sect  of  religious  reformers. 
Austerity,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

al-bi'-no.  An  abnormally  white  person.  Sight-Dim- 
s:  jhtedness. 

al'-bum.  A  photograph  book.  Digest,  Missive- 
Publication. 

al-bu'-men.  The  white  of  an  egg.  Organization- 
Inorganization,  Viscidity-Foam. 

al-bu'-min-ous.  Pertaining  to  albumer.  Viscidity- 
Foam. 

al-ca'-ic.     A  Grecian  meter.     Poetry-Prose. 

al-caid'.     A  jailer.     Chief-Underling. 

al-cal'-de.     A  Spanish  magistrate.     Chief-Underling. 

al'-che-my.  The  chemistry  of  the  middle  ages.  Con- 
version-Reversion. 

al'-cc-hol.  The  intoxicating  principle  of  wines  and 
liquors.     Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

al"-co-hol'-ic.  Pertaining  to  alcohol.  Teetotalism- 
Intemperance. 

al'-co-hol-ism.  A  disease  produced  by  alcohol.  Tee- 
totalism-Intemperance. 

Al"-co-ran'.        The      Koran.       Revelation-Pseudo- 

REVELATION. 

al'-cove.  A  covered  recess.  Contents-Receiver, 
Convexity-Concavity. 

Al-deb'-a-ran.  The  principal  star  in  the  constellation 
Taurus.     Luminary-Shade 

al'-der-man.  A  municipal  legislator.  Chief-Under- 
ling, President-Member. 

ale.     A  beverage.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

alea,  jacta  est  [L.]  (e'-li-a,  jac"-ta  est).  The  die  has 
been  cast.     Volition-Obligation. 

A-lec'-to.  A  mythological  goddess,  avenger  of  iniquity. 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

a-lec'-tro-man"-cy.  Divination  by  a  cock  picking  up 
grains.     Prophecy. 

ale'-house.  A  place  where  ale  is  sold.  Dweller- 
Habitation;  go  to  the  alehouse,  Teetotalism-In- 
temperance. 

a-lem'-bic.  A  distilling  apparatus.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Conversion-Reversion,  Oven-Refrigera- 
tor, Workshop. 

alentours  [F.]  (al-car  turO.  The  grounds  around. 
Remoteness-Nearness. 

a-lert'.  Watchful.  Activity-Indolence,  Careful-* 
ness-Carelessness. 

alerte  [F.]  (a-lert).     Take  care.     Alarm. 

a-lert'-ness.  Watchfulness.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness. 

a-leu'-ro-man-cy.  Divination  by  means  of  meal  or 
flour.     Prophecy. 

Al"-ex-an'-drine.  Pertaining  to  Alexandria.  Poetry- 
Prose,  Simplicity-Floridness. 

a-lex"-i-phar'-mic.    Antidotal.     Remedy-Bane. 

a-lex"-i-ter'-ic.  A  preventive  against  contagion. 
Remedy-Bane. 

al'-ge-bra-     A  branch  of  mathematics.     Numbering. 

al"-ge-bra'-ic.     Pertaining  to  algebra.     Numbering. 

al'-gid.     Chilly.     Heat-Cold. 

al-gol'-o-gy.     A  branch  of  botany.     Zoology-Botany. 

Al-gon'-kin.  One  of  the  Algonkian  families  of  North- 
American  Indians.     Geology. 

al'-go-rithm.  The  decimal  system  of  numeration. 
Numbering. 

al"-gua-zil'.     A  Spanish  constable.     Judicature. 

alguazil,  cada  uno  tiene  su  [Sp.]  (al-gwa-thil'  ca'-da 
u'-no  ti-en'-e  su).  Everybody  has  his  governor. 
Chief-Underling,  Rule-License. 

Al"-ham-bra'-ic.  Like  the  Alhambra  in  style.  Archi- 
tecture. 

a'-li-as.     Otherwise  called.     Name-Misnomer. 

al'-i-bi.     Elsewhere.     Presence-Absence 


ALIEN. 


36 


ALLECTATION. 


a'-Iien.  Foreign.  Alienation,  Connection-Inde- 
pendence, Constituent-Alien,  Godliness-Dis- 
belief. 

a'-lien-a-ble.    Capable  of  being  alienated.    Alienation. 

a'-lien-ate.  To  cause  to  turn  away.  Alienation, 
Amity-Hostility,  Love-Hate. 

a'-lien-a"-ted.     Estranged.     Amity-Hostility. 

a"-lien-a'-tion.  Deprivation  of  mental  power.  Alien- 
ation, Amity-Hostility,  Love-Hate;  mental  alien- 
ation, Saneness-Lunacy. 

ALIENATION. 

Abalienation.  The  transfer  of  the  property  title  from  one  to  the  other. 

Alienation.     The  act  of  transference. 

Assignment.     A  transfer  of  property  by  writi.ig. 

Bargain  and  sale.     A  species  of  land  conveyance. 

Barter,  etc.    An  exchange  of  goods.     See  Exchange. 

Conveyance.     The  act  by  which  the  title  to  property  is  transferred. 

Conveyancing.  The  act  of  drawing  writings  for  the  transference  of 
property. 

Devise.     The  transference  of  the  crown  or  an  estate. 

Enfeoffment.     The  act  of  giving  a  fief,  or  right  in  land. 

Exchange.  The  act  of  giving  or  taking  one  thing  in  return  for 
another.     See  Commutation-Permutation. 

Lease  and  release.  A  mode  of  conveyance  of  freehold  estates  form- 
erly common  in  England  and  New  York. 

Limitation.     A  settling  of  an  estate  by  specific  rules. 

Substitution.  The  act  of  putting  one  person  or  thing  in  place  of 
another.     See  Commutation. 

Transfer.     The  act  of  transferring  or  state  of  being  transferred. 

Alienation — Associated  Nouns. 
Reversion;  shifting  trust;  shifting  use;  succession. 

Alienation — Verbs. 
Abaliehate.") 

Alien.  >To  transfer  to  another. 

Alienate.      ) 

Assign.     To  transfer  in  behalf  of  another. 
Change  from  one  to  another. 
Change  hands.     To  change  owners. 
Come  into  possession,  etc.     See  Gain. 
Consign.     To  transfer;  commit. 
Convey.     To  transfer  to  another. 
Devolve.     To  transfer;  transmit. 
Disinherit.     To  alienate  an  inheritance. 
Dispossess.     To  transfer  possession. 
Exchange.     To  give  in  return  for  something. 
Grant,  etc.     To  transfer  by  deed,  etc.     See  Giving. 
Hand.  •) 

Hand  down.  f  To  transmit  as  with  the  hand. 
Hand  over.  J 

Make  over.     To  transfer  the  title  of. 
Negotiate.     To  transfer  for  a  valuable  consideration. 
Pass.     To  transfer  from  one  person  to  another. 
Substitute.     To  transfer  in  the  place  of  another  person  or  thing. 
Succeed.     To  follow,  or  come  immediately  after. 
Transfer.     To  make  over  to  another;  to  remove  from  one  person  or 

place  to  another. 
Transmit.     To  hand  down ;  to  transfer. 

Alienation — Adjectives. 

Alienable.     Capable  of  being  alienated  or  transferred. 
Negotiable.     That  may  be  negotiated.     See  Verbs. 

Alienation — Phrase. 

Estate  coming  into  possession.  A  present  right  or  interest  in  lands 
not  in  possession  but  which  may  by  possibility  vest  in  possession 
in  some  future  time. 


aU6rU  [F.]  (a-li-e-ne') .    Mad.    Saneness-Lunacy. 

alieni  appetens  [L.]  (e-li-i'-nai  ap'-pi-tenz) .  Greedy  of 
other  people's  possessions  Desire-Distaste,  Par- 
don-Envy, Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

a-light'.  To  get  down;  on  fire.  Arrival-Departure, 
Ascent-Descent,  Heat-Cold,  Movement-Rest. 

a-lign'.     To  form  in  line.     Aim-Aberration. 

a-lign'-ment.      Formation  ia  line.     Aim-Aberration. 


a-like'.  Having  resemblance.  Likeness-Unlike- 
ness,  Synonym-Antonym;  share  and  share  alike. 
Participation. 

al'-i-ment.    Food.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

al"-i-men'-ta-ry'.  Nutritious.  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion, Remedy-Bane. 

al"-i-men-ta'-tion.  Maintenance.  Obstruction- 
Help. 

al'-i-mo-ny.  Means  of  living.  Affluence-Penury, 
Outlay-Income,  Property. 

al'-i-quot.  Dividing  without  a  remainder.  Number, 
Whole-Part. 

aliter  visum  diis  [L.]  (al'-i-ter  vai'-sum  dai'-is).  The 
gods  have  judged  otherwise.  Volition-Obliga- 
tion. 

a-live'.  Having  life.  Activity-Indolence,  Life- 
Death,  Sagacity-Incapacity;  alive  to,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Heed-Disregard,  Knowledge-Ig- 
norance, Sensitiveness-Apathy,  Skill-Unskil- 
fulness;  keep  alive,  Discontinuance-Continu- 
ance, Life-Death;  keep  the  memory  alive,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

al'-ka-hest.  An  imaginary  chemical  liquid.  Elas- 
ticity-Inelasticity. 

al'-ka-li.  A  caustic  substance  which  neutralizes  acids. 
Chemistry. 

all.  The  entire  number;  altogether.  Entirety-De- 
ficiency, Universality-Particularity,  Whole- 
Part;  all  absorbing,  Consequence-Insignificance; 
all  agog,  Astonishment-Expectation,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Expectation-Surprise;  all  along,  Dura- 
tion-Neverness;  all  along  of,  Cause-Effect;  all  at 
once,  Eternity-Instantaneity,  Hurry-Leisure; 
all  but,  Magnitude-Smallness;  all  colors,  Varie- 
gation; all  considered,  Decision-Misjudgment, 
Mind-Imbecility;  all  day  long,  Lastingness-Tran- 
sientness;  all  fours,  Difficulty-Facility,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness; all  hail,  Arrival-Depar- 
ture, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Regard-Disre- 
spect, Reputation-Discredit,  Solemnization;  all 
hands,  Universality-Particularity;  all  in  all, 
Whole-Part;  all  in  good  time,  Occurrence- 
Destiny,  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness;  all  in 
one's  power,  Toil-Relaxation;  all  manner  of,  Uni- 
formity -  Diversity,  Uniformity  -  Multiformity, 
Variation;  all  of  a  heap,  Gathering-Scattering; 
all  one,  Equality-Inequality,  Unconcern;  all  over, 
Beginning-End,  Creation-Destruction,  Exten- 
sion-Inextension,  Universality-Particularity  ; 
all  powerful,  Divinity,  Strength-Weakness;  all 
right,  Right-Wrong;  all  searching,  Investigation- 
Answer;  all  sorts,  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Uni- 
formity -  Diversity,  Uniformity  -  Multiformity; 
all  talk,  Substance-Nullity;  all  the  time,  Dura- 
tion-Neverness;  all  the  world  and  his  wife,  Univer- 
sality-Particularity; all  things  to  all  men,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness; all  together,  Whole-Part;  all 
ways,  Aim-Aberration,  Proportion-Deformity; 
at  ail  events,  Compensation,  Determination- 
Vacillation,  Modification,  Truth-Error;  at  all 
points,  Entirety-Deficiency;  at  all  times,  Fre- 
quency-Rarity; in  all  ages,  Eternity-Instan- 
taneity; in  all  directions,  Aim-Aberration;  in  all 
quarters,  Extension-Inextension;  in  all  respects, 
Entirety-Deficiency,  Truth-Error;  cf  all  work, 
Chief-Underling,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  on  all 
hands,  Assent-Dissent;  on  all  sides,  Environment- 
Interposition;  with  all  one's  might,  Toil-Relaxa- 
tion; with  all  respect,  Regard-Disrespect. 

Al'-lah.     God.     Jove-Fiend. 

al-lay'.  To  relieve.  Alleviation-Aggravation, 
Fighting-Conciliation,  Turbulence-Calmness; 
allay  excitability,  Excitability-Inexcitability 

al"-lec-ta'-tion.     An  enticing.     Motive-Caprice. 


ALLECTIVE. 


37 


ALLEVIATION— AGGRAVATION. 


al-lect'-ive.     Enticing.     Motive-Caprice. 
al"-le-ga'-tion.     The  act  of  alleging.     Assertion-De- 
nial, Pretext. 
al-lege'.      To   assert  to  be  true.     Assertion-Denial, 

EVIDENCE-COUNTEREVIDENCE,  PRETEXT. 

al-le'-giance.  Obligation  of  fidelity.  Duty-Derelic- 
tion,  Insubordination-Obedience. 

al"-le-gor'-ic-al.     Figurative.     Rhetoric,  Trope. 

al'-le-go-rize.     To  use  an  allegory.    Trope. 

al'-le-go-ry.  A  figurative  description.  Comparison, 
Rhetoric,  Trope. 

allegresse  [F.]  (al-e-gres') .  Light-heartedness.  Light- 
he  artedn  ess-Dejection. 


allegretto  [It.]  (ul-le-gret'-to) .  Slower  than  allegro. 
Music. 

allegro  [It.]  (al-le'-gro) .  Lively;  brisk  time.  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection,  Music 

al"-le-lu'-jah.    Shout  of  praise.    Devotion-Idolatry. 

allemande  [F.]  (al-maird').  A  German  dance.  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 

aller  h  tdtons  [F.]  (a-le'  ata-torr').  To  go  a  groping. 
Trial. 

al-le'-vi-ate.  To  relieve.  Alleviation-Aggravation, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

al-le"-vi-a'-tion.  Partial  relief.  Alleviation-Aggra- 
vation, Turbulence-Calmness. 


ALLEVIATION— AGGRAVATION. 


Alleviation,  etc.     That  which  lessens  pain  or  burdens.     See  Verbs, 
Comfort.     Relief  from  sorrow  or  distress. 
Consolation.     The  lessening  of  unhappiness.     See  Verbs, 
Deliverance.     Release. 

Encouragement,  etc.     Inspiration  of  heart,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Mitigation.     The  act  or  process  of  mitigating.     See  Verbs. 
Refreshment.     Restoration  of  vigor. 

Relief.     The  partial  removal  of  any  physical  or  mental  want  or  dis- 
tress. 
Softening.     See  Verbs, 

Solace.     Comfort  given  in  time  of  trouble  or  anxiety. 
Soothing.     See  Verbs. 

Alleviation — Nouns  of  Cause, 

Cushion.     A  bag  of  soft  elastic  material  used  to  sit  or  lie  on. 

Easement.     That  which  gives  ease  or  relief. 

Lenitive.     Anything  that  allays  passion  or  relieves  pain. 

Lullaby.     A  song  sung  to  lull  babes  to  rest. 

Palliative.     That  which  eases  without  curing. 

Restorative.     Anything  which  restores  the  health  and  vigor. 

Alleviation — Figurative  Expression. 

Crumbs  of  comfort. 

Alleviation —  Verbs. 

Allay.     To  relieve  the  intensity  of,  as  a  fever. 

Alleviate.     Literally,  to  lighten  the  burden  of;  to  make  easier,  as 

pain  or  suffering. 
Assuage.     To  calm  that  which  is  violent,  as  the  feelings. 
Bear  up.     To  keep  up  the  strength  and  spirits  of. 
Be  relieved,  etc.     See  Relieve. 

Breathe  more  freely.     To  be  less  excited  or  in  less  distress. 
Cheer.     To  comfort  or  encourage. 
Cheer  the  heart.     See  Cheer. 
Comfort.     To  give  cheer  and  encouragement  in  time  of  trouble  or 

distress. 
Console.     To  give  sympathy  in  time  of  great  sorrow  or  grief. 
Cure.     To  restore  to  health  and  soundness. 
Disburden.     To  remove  the  burden;  to  alleviate. 
Draw  a  long  breath.     To  take  a  sigh  of  relief. 

Drv  the  tears  i  ^0  com^ort  until  the  tears  cease  to  flow. 

Ease.     To  render  relief. 

Encourage.     To  give  hope  and  encourage;  to  cheer. 

Foment.     To  relieve  by  treating  with  hot  water  or  poultices. 

Give  comfort.     See  Nouns. 

Gladden  the  heart.     To  cheer  and  encourage. 

Lay  the  flattering  unction  to  one's  soul.     To  cheer  the  mind  by  words 

of  comfort  and  encouragement. 
Mitigate.     To  alleviate. 

Palliate.     To  try  to  extenuate  or  partially  excuse  by  artful  means. 
Pat  on  the  back.     To  encourage. 
Poultice.     To  relieve  by  treating  with  poultices. 
Pour  balm  into.     To  relieve  by  soothing  medicine  or  comforting 

words. 
Pour  oil  on.     To  allay  excitement  or  pain. 
Refresh.     To  give  new  vigor  or  strength. 

Relieve.     To  free  wholly  or  in  part  from  any  trouble  or  distress. 
Remedy.     To  remove  any  disorder. 
Salve.     To  ease;  to  give  temporary  relief. 
Set  at  ease.      Make  comfortable. 
Smooth  the  ruffled  brow  of  care.     To  quiet  the  mind  disturbed  by 

anxiety  and  trouble. 
Soften.  1™       ^     . 

Soften  down.iTomitlgate- 


Aggravation.     The  act  of  making  worse. 

Exacerbation.     Increased  severity  or  violence  of  a  disease. 

Exaggeration.     The  act  of  carrying  beyond  reasonable  bounds. 

Exasperation.     State  of  provocation  with  unrestrained  anger. 

Heightening.     Intensifying. 

Overestimation.     Act  of  valuing  too  highly. 

Aggravation —  Verbs. 

Acerbate.     To  embitter;  toirritate. 

Add  fuel  to  the  fire.    \  To  give  additional  cause,  as  of  provocation 

Add  fuel  to  the  flame.  J       in  anger. 

Aggravate.     To  make  worse;  used  only  of  that  which  is  already  bad, 

as  a  fever  or  anger. 
Embitter.     To  intensify  or  make  worse  what  is  already  bad,  as  a 

feud. 
Envenom.     To  poison  with  venom ;  to  render  hostile  or  bitter. 
Exacerbate.     To  intensify  what  has  already  been  rendered  sour  or 

bitter. 
Exasperate.     To  make  exceedingly  angry. 
Fan  the  flame.     To  increase  the  intensity  of  by  giving  additional 

cause. 
Go  from  bad  to  worse.     Intensify  what  is  bad. 
Heighten.     To  intensify  or  increase;  used  both  of  good  and  bad 

things. 
Render  worse.     To  make  worse. 
Sour.     To  make  morose  and  disagreeable. 

Aggravation — Adjectives. 
Aggravable,     Inclined  to  aggravate. 
Aggravated,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Aggravating,  etc .     Annoying;  causing  irritation,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Unrelieved.     Without  reHef;  no  better. 
Worse.     More  evil. 

Aggravation — Adverbs. 

From  bad  to  worse.     From  evil  to  a  more  evil  state. 

Out  of  the  frying-pan  into  the  fire.     Usually  said  of  one  who,  in  try* 

ing  to  better  his  condition,  gets  into  a  worse  one. 
Worse  and  worse.     Continuing  to  go  from  bad  to  worse. 


Aggravation — Interjections, 


So  much  the  worse  I 


ALLEVIATION— Verbs— Continued. 

Stupe.     To  foment. 

Take  comfort.     To  be  comforted. 

Take  off  a  load  of  care.  To  relieve  the  mind  of  something  that 
troubles. 

Temper  the  wind  to  the  shorn  lamb.  To  prevent  troubles  from  be- 
coming too  great. 

*...      ,.     ,       '  (  To  console  or  comfort. 
Wipe  the  tears.  J 

Alleviation — Adjectives. 

Anodyne.     Having  the  power  of  allaying  pain. 
Assuaging.     See  Verbs. 
Assuasive.     Tending  to  soothe. 
Balmy.     Refreshing  or  healing  like  balm. 
Balsamic.     Soothing  like  balsam. 
Consolatory.     Inclined  to  give  comfort. 
Curative.     Possessing  the  power  to  cure. 
Lenitive.     Tending  to  allay  or  relieve. 
Palliative.     Giving  temporary  relief. 
Soothing.     Tending  to  quiet  and  calm. 


ALLEY. 


38 


ALSO. 


al'-ley.  A  passageway.  Aperture-Closure,  City- 
Country,  Dweller-Habitation,  Way. 

al-li'-ance.  Combination  or  union.  Antagonism- 
Concurrence,  Association,  Connection-Inde- 
pendence, Cooperation-Opposition,  Relation- 
ship, Variance-Accord. 

al-lied'.  United.  Allied  to,  Connection-Independ- 
ence, Likeness-Unlikeness,  Relationship,  Vari- 
ance-Accord. 

al"-li-ga'-tion.  Act  of  tying  together.  Union-Dis- 
union. 

al-lign'.    To  form  in  line.    Aim-Aberration. 

al-lign'-ment.    Formation  in  a  line.     Aim-Aberration. 

al-lit"-er-a'-tion.  Successive  recurrence  of  the  same 
initial  sound  or  letter.  Likeness-Unlikeness,  Sim- 
plicity-Floridness. 

al-lit'-er-a-tive.  Marked  by  alliteration.  Simplicity- 
Floridness. 

all'-ness.    Completeness.    Entirety-Deficiency. 
.  al"-lo-ca'-tion.     Apportionment.     Organization-Dis- 
organization. 

al"-lo-cu'-tion.  A  formal  address.  Address-Re- 
sponse, Speech-Inarticulateness. 

al-lo'-di-al.  Absolutely  owned.  Liberty-Subjection, 
Property. 

al-lo'-di-um.  Estate  in  lands  held  in  fee  simple. 
Liberty-Subjection,  Property. 

al-lop'-a-thy.  A  system  of  medical  treatment.  Remedy- 
Bane. 

al'-lo-quy.  Act  of  speaking  to  another.  Address- 
Response. 

al-lof.  To  distribute  by  authority.  Assignment, 
Organization-Disorganization,  Dueness-Undue- 
ness. 

al-lot'-ment.  Distribution.  Assignment,  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization. 

al-low'.     To  permit.     Assent-Dissent,  Consent,  Ex- 

POSURE-HlDINGPLACE,     GiVING-RECEIVING,      LeAVE- 

Prohibition,  Modification,  Price-Discount;  allow 
to  have  one's  own  way,  Harshness-Mildness,  Par- 
don-Vindictiveness. 

al-lo  w'-a-ble .  Permissible.  Dueness-Undueness, 
Giving-Receiving,  Leave-Prohibition. 

al-low'-ance.  A  portion  or  amount  granted.  Assign- 
ment, Giving-Receiving,  Modification,  Price- 
Discount,  Recompense-Punition;  make  allowance 
for,  Evidence-Counterevidence,  Justification- 
Charge,  Pardon-Vindictiveness;  with  grains  of 
allowance,   Faith-Misgiving,  Modification. 

al-lowed'.  Permitted.  Dueness-Undueness,  Giving- 
Receiving. 

al-loy'.  Compound  of  metals;  reduce  the  purity  of. 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Chemistry,  Mixture- 
Homogeneity. 

al-loy'-age.  The  act  of  alloying.  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity. 

all'-si"-ded.  Developed  in  every  direction.  Entirety- 
Deficiency. 

al-lude'.  To  refer  to  indirectly.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Hypothesis,  Manifestation-Latency, 
Meaning-Jargon,  Trope. 

al-lure'.  To  attract.  Desire-Distaste,  Motive- 
Caprice,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

al-lure'- ment.     Enticement.     Desire-Distaste. 

al-lur'-ing.  Tempting.  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness. 

al-lu'-sion.  A  suggestion.  Ambiguity,  Meaning- 
Jargon,  Manifestation-Secrecy. 

al-lu'-sive.  Suggestive.  Ambiguity,  Connection- 
Independence,  Meaning-Jargon,  Manifestation- 
Secrecy,  Trope. 

al-lu'-vi-al.  Of  earthy  material  deposited  by  floods. 
Erectness-Flatness,    Gulf-Plain,    Ocean-Land. 

al-lu'-vi-on.    Flood  deposits.    Ocean-Land. 


al-lu'-vi-um.  Deposits  of  earthy  matter  in  rivers. 
Cleanness  -  Filthiness,  Increment  -  Remnant, 
Ocean-Land. 

al-ly'.  A  friendly  associate.  Antagonist-Assistant, 
Friend-Foe,  Obstruction-Help. 

al'-ma  ma'-ter.  Institution  where  one  has  been  edu- 
cated.    School. 

al'-ma-nac.  Calendar  of  days,  weeks,  months,  etc. 
Chronology-Anachronism,  Mark-Obliteration. 

al'-ma-nack.     Calendar.     Mark-Obliteration. 

al-might'-i-ness.     All  powerful.     Might-Impotence. 

al-might'-y.  Boundless  in  power.  Might-Impo- 
tence. 

Al-might'-y.     God.     The  Almighty.     Divinity. 

al'-mon-er.  Official  dispenser  of  alms.  Ministry- 
Laity,  Treasurer. 

al'-most.  Very  nearly.  Faultlessness-Faultiness, 
Magnitude-Smallness;  almost  all,  Whole-Part; 
almost  immediately,  Earliness-Lateness. 

alms.  Charitable  offerings.  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence, Devotion-Idolatry, Giving-Receiving. 

alms'-giv"-ing.     Charity.     Giving-Receiving. 

alms'-man.  One  supported  by  charity.  Giving-Re- 
ceiving. 

al"-mu-can'-tar.     A  parallel  of  altitude.     Astronomy. 

Al-nas'-char.  A  character  in  the  Arabian  Nights. 
Alnaschar's  dream,  Fancy,  Sanguineness-Hopf- 
lessness. 

al'-oes.  A  medicine  of  bitter  taste.  Palatableness- 
Unpalatableness. 

a-loft'.     Above.     Height-Lowness. 

al'-o-gy.     Senselessness.     Adage-Nonsense. 

a-lone'.  Apart  from  others.  Obstruction-Help, 
Solitude-Company;  let  alone,  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion, COMPLETION-NONCOMPLETION,  CONVENTION- 
ALITY -  Uncon  ventionality,  Liberty  -  Subjection, 
Quest-Evasion,    Use-Disuse. 

a-long'.  Onward;  in  company.  Along  of,  Cause- 
Effect;  along  with,  Addition-Subtraction,  In- 
strumentality, Solitude-Company;  get  along,  Ad- 
vance-Retrogression, Movement-Rest;  go  along, 
Admission-Expulsion,  Arrival-Departure;  go 
along  with,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Assent- 
Dissent,  Cooperation-Opposition. 

a-long'-side.  Close  to  the  side.  Laterality-Contra- 
position,  Parallelism-Inclination,  Remoteness- 
Nearness. 

a-loof.  At  a  distance.  Height-Lowness,  Remote- 
ness-Nearness, Sociability-Privacy;  stand  aloof, 
Activity-Indolence,  Proffer-Refusal,  Reck- 
lessness-Caution. 

a-loud'.  Noisy.  Loudness-Faintness;  think  aloud, 
Conversation-Monologue,  Craft-Artlessness. 

al'-pen-stock".  A  long,  pointed  staff  for  mountain 
climbing.     Suspension-Support. 

al'-pha.  The  first  letter  in  the  Greek  alphabet.  Be- 
ginning-End; alpha  and  omega,  Whole-Part. 

al'-pha-bet.  A  series  of  symbols  indicating  sounds. 
Beginning-End,  Letter. 

al"-pha-bet-a'-ri-an.  One  learning  the  alphabet.  In- 
structor-Pupil. 

al"-pha-bet'-ic-al.     Relating  to  the  alphabet.     Letter 

al-phit'-o-man"-cy.  Divination  with  barley-mea'.. 
Prophecy. 

Al'-pine.     Pertaining  to  the  Alps.     Height-Lowness. 

Al'-pine  Club.  Organization  of  mountain-climbers. 
Ascent-Descent,  Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

Alps.    Lofty  mountains  of  Europe.     Height-Lowness. 

al-read'-y.  Beforehand.  Antecedence-Sequence, 
Future-Past,  Time. 

Al-sa'-tian.  Pertaining  to  Alsatia;  an  adventurer. 
Theft,  Virtue-Vice. 

Al-sa'-ti-an  den.     Debtor's  den.     Virtue-Vice. 

al'-so.     In  addition.     Addition-Subtraction. 


ALTAR. 


39 


AMBIGUITY. 


al'-tar.  A  place  devoted  to  prayer.  Fane,  Matri- 
mony-Celibacy. 

al'-ter.  To  change.  Mutation-Permanence;  alter 
one's  course,  Aim-Aberration;  alter  the  case,  Evi- 

DENCE-COUNTEREVIDENCE. 

al'-ter-a-ble.  Capable  of  being  changed.  Mutability- 
Stability. 

alteram  partem,  audire  [L.]  (al'-ter-am  par'-tem, 
au-dai'-ri).      To    hear   the   other  side.      Evidence- 

COUNTEREVIDENCE,    RlGHT-WRONG. 

al'-ter-ant.  Any  medicine  that  changes.  Remedy- 
Bane. 

al'-ter-a-tive.  Tending  to  change.  Commutation- 
Permutation,  Remedy-Bane. 

al"- '  3r-ca'-tion.     A  quarrel.     Variance-Accord. 

al'-tered.  Changed.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Weariness-Refreshment;  altered  for  the  worse, 
Betterment-Deterioration. 

alter  egj  [L.]  (al'-ter  i'-go).  A  second  self.  Antago- 
nist-Assistant, Friend-Foe,  Likeness-Unlike- 
ness,  Representative,  Sameness-Contrast. 

al'-ter-nate.  To  do  by  turns;  one  acting  in  place  of 
another.  Continuity-Interruption,  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation, Interdependence,  Mutability- 
Stability,  Periodicity-Irregularity,  Prece- 
dence-Succession, Vibration. 

al-ter'-nate-ly.  In  alternation.  Periodicity-Irregu- 
larity. 

al'-ter-nate"-ness.  State  of  being  alternate.  Perio- 
dicity-Irregularity. 

al'-ter-na"-ting.  Changing.  Determination-Vacil- 
lation, Mutability-Stability. 

al"-ter-na'-tion.  Occurrence  in  turn;  permutation. 
Continuity-Interruption,  Conversion-Rever- 
sion, Deviation,  Mutability-Stability,  Perio- 
dicity-Irregularity, Vibration. 

al-ter'-na-tive.  Something  that  may  be  chosen  or  done 
instead  of  something  else.  Choice-Neutrality, 
Commutation-Permutation,  Design,  Mutation- 
Permanence. 

al-ter'-na-tive"-ness.  State  of  being  alternative.  Pe- 
riodicity-Irregularity. 

al-ter'-ni-ty.  Counterchange  of  vowels.  Periodicity- 
Irregularity. 

al-though'.  Granting  that.  Compensation,  Cooper- 
ation-Opposition, Modification. 

al-til'-o-quence.     Bombast.     Simplicity-Floridness. 

al-til'-o-quent.     Bombastic.      Simplicity-Floridness. 

al-tim'-e-try.  Measurement  of  elevation.  Angular- 
ity, Height-Lowness,  Mensuration. 

al'-ti-tude.  Elevation  above.  Height-Lowness; 
altitude  and  azimuth,  Mensuration. 

al'-to.     The  lowest  female  voice.     Cacophany. 

al"-tc-geth'-er.  Entirely.  Entirety-Deficiency, 
Whole-Part. 

alto-rilievo  [It.]  (al"-to— rt-lye'-vo) .  Carved  work  in 
which  the  carving  stands  out  very  prominently. 
Convexity-Concavity,  Sculpture. 

al'-tru-ism.  Devotion  to  the  interest  of  others. 
Charitableness-Malevolence. 

al'-um.     A  chemical  compound.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

a-lum'-nus.     A  graduate.     Instructor-Pupil. 

al'-ve-o-lar.     Full  of  cells.     Convexity-Concavity. 

al-ve'-c-lus.  A  small  cavity  or  socket.  Convexity- 
Concavity. 

al'-ways.  Through  all  time.  Duration-Neverness, 
Eternity-Instantaneity,  Habit-Desuetude,  Uni- 
formity-Diversity, Universality-Particularity. 

A.  M.  Ante  Meridiem;  before  noon.  Morning-Eve- 
ning. 

am"-a-bil'-i-ty.  Amiability;  lovableness.  Pleasur- 
ableness-Painfulness,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

a-main'.  With  full  strength;  quickly.  Hurry-Lei- 
sure, Turbulence-Calmness. 


a-mal'-gam.  An  alloy  of  mercury  with  a  metal.  Com- 
position-Resolution, Mixture-Homogeneity. 

a-mal'-ga-mate.  To  unite  a  metal  in  an  alloy  with 
mercury.  Composition-Resolution,  Mixture- 
Homogeneity. 

a-mal"-ga-ma'-tion.  A  union.  Composition-Resolu- 
tion. 

Am"-al-thae'-a.  The  nurse  of  Zeus.  Amalthsea's  horn, 
EnDugh. 

amantes,  amentes  [L.]  (a-man'-tiz,  a-men'-tiz).  Lovers, 
lunatics.     Love-Hate. 

amantiunt  irce  [L.]  (a-man'-shi-um  ai'-ri).  Lovers' 
quarrels.     Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

a-man"-u-en'-sis.  A  secretary.  Recorder,  Writing- 
Printing. 

am"-a-ran'-thine.  Unfading,  like  the  amaranth  flower. 
Eternity-Instantaneity. 

amari  aliquid  [L.]  (a-me'-rai  al'-i-quid).  To  love  the 
other  thing.  Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Good- 
ness-Badness, Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

a-mar'-i-tude.    Bitterness.    Sweetness-Acidity. 

a-mass'.  To  collect  a  great  quantity  of.  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Store,  Whole-Part. 

am"-a-teur' .  One  who  does  for  the  love  of  doing. 
Desire-Distaste,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

am'-a-tive-ness.  Sexuality.  Moderation-Selfin- 
dulgence. 

am'-a-to-ry.    Designed  to  excite  love.    Love-Hate. 

am"-au-ro'-sis.    Loss  of  sight.    Sight-Blindness. 

a-maze'.  To  bewilder  with  surprise.  Astonishment- 
Expectance. 

a-ma'-zed-ness.  Astonishment.  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance. 

a-maze'-ment.    Wonder.   Astonishment-Expectance. 

a-ma'-zing-ly.    Wonderfully.    Magnitude-Smallness. 

Am'-a-zon.  A  race  of  female  warriors.  Belligerent, 
Bravery-Cowardice. 

am-ba'-ges.  A  winding  path;  ambiguity.  Circle- 
Winding,  MlDCOURSE-ClRCUIT,  TERSENESS-PROLIX- 
ITY. 

am-ba'-gious.  Characterized  by  roundabout  methods. 
Terseness-Prolixity. 

am-bas'-sa-dor.  A  person  of  the  highest  diplomatic 
rank.      Consignee,  Messenger. 

am'-ber.  A  fossilized  vegetable  resin.  Pulpiness- 
Rosin;  amber-color,  Yellowness-Purple. 

am'-ber-gris.     A  gray,  waxy  matter.     Pulpiness-Oil. 

am"-bi-dex'-ter.  One  who  uses  both  hands  equally 
well;  a  double-dealer.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Right- 
Left,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

am"-bi-dex-ter'-ity.  Duplicity.  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness. 

am"-bi-dex'-tral.    Ambidextrous.    Right-Left. 

am"-bi-dex'-trous.  Double-dealing.  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy. 

am"-bi-dex'-trous-ness.  Duplicity.  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness. 

am'-bi-ent.  Anything  that  encompasses.  Environ- 
ment-Interposition. 

ambigu  [F.]  (an-bi-gu').  A  feast.  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity. 

ambiguas  spargere  voces  [L.]  (am-big'-yu-as  spar'-ge- 
rivo'-siz).  To  spread  doubtful  rumors.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Conversation-Monologue,  Craft-Art- 
lessness,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

am"-bi-gu'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  obscure  of 
uncertain.  Ambiguity,  Certainty-Doubt,  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity, Perspicuity-Obscurity. 

AMBIGUITY. 

Ambiguity.     Obscurity  of  meaning. 

Ambiloquy.     Doubtful  language. 

Amphibology.!  Double  meaning  arising  from  a  doubtful  construe* 

Amphiboly,     i       tion  in  the  sentence. 


AMBIGUITY. 


40 


AMITY— HOSTILITY. 


Double  entendre  [F.].     Double  meaning. 
Double  meaning.     Doubtfulness  of  expression. 

Equivocalness.  I  Uncertainty  of  meaning    arising  from  a  doubtful 
Equivocation,  i       meaning  of  an  expression. 
Equivoque  [F.].     Equivocation. 

Homonymy.  The  state  of  having  sameness  of  sound  and  difference 
of  meaning. 

Ambiguity — Denotations. 

Anagram.  An  expression  formed  from  the  letters  of  another  expres- 
sion. 

Calembour  [F.l.     Pun. 

Conundrum.  A  riddle  in  which  some  fancied  likeness  between 
things  is  to  be  found.     See  Mystery. 

Homonym.  A  word  having  the  same  sound  as  another,  but  a  differ- 
ent meaning. 

Paragram.     A  pun. 

Pun.     Use  of  word  of  two  meanings. 

Quibble.     Tricky  avoidance  of  the  real  meaning  of  a  word. 

Sphinx.     A  person  who  uses  ambiguous  language.     [Greek  myth.] 

Ambiguity — Associated  Words. 

Delphic  oracle,  a  famous  Greek  oracle  brought  into  disrepute  by  the 
ambiguity  of  its  declarations  on  several  important  occasions; 
mental  reservation,  a  reservation  unexpressed;  sphinx,  a  myth- 
ological monster,  a  mysterious  person;  white  lie,  an  unimportant 
lie ;  word-play,  the  application  of  various  meanings  to  words. 

Ambiguity — Verbs. 
Be  equivocal.     See  Adjectives. 
Equivocate,  etc.     To  use  expressions  from  which  two  meanings  may 

be  taken,  etc.     See  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 
Have  two  meanings.     See  Meaning. 

Ambiguity — Adjectives. 
Ambiguous.     Obscure  in  meaning. 
Amphibolous.     Pertaining  to  amphiboly. 
Double-tongued.     Lying. 

Equivocal.     Having  two  meanings,  each  of  which  may  be  taken. 
Homonymous.     Similar  in  sound,  but  different  in  meaning. 

am-big'-u-ous.  Obscure  in  meaning.  Ambiguity, 
Certainty-Doubt,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Perspi- 
cuity-Obscurity. 

am-bil'-o-quy.  Use  of  ambiguous  language.  Ambi- 
guity. 

am'-bit.    A  boundary.    Outline. 

am-bi'-tion.  Inordinate  desire  for  anything.  Desire- 
Distaste,  Purpose-Luck. 

am-bi'-tious.    Eager.    Desire-Distaste. 

am'-ble.  To  walk  with  a  careless  pace.  Swiftness- 
Slowness,  Traveling-Navigation. 

am'-bo.  The  pulpit  of  the  early  church.  Fane, 
School. 

ambo  [L.]  (am'-bo).  Both.  Arcades  ambo  [L.]  (Ar-ke'- 
diz  am'-bo).  Both  Arcadians.  Friend-Foe,  Good 
Man-Bad  Man,  Likeness-Unlikeness. 

am-bro'-sia.  The  food  of  the  gods.  Nutriment- 
Excretion,  Palatableness-Unpalatableness. 

am-bro'-sial.  Divinely  sweet.  Palatableness-Un- 
palatableness, Perfume-Stench. 

am'-bu-lance.  A  wagon  for  conveying  the  sick.  Con- 
veyance-Vessel, Remedy-Bane. 

am"-bu-la'-tion.  Act  of  walking  about.  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

am'-bu-la-to-ry.  Pertaining  to  walking.  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

am"-bus-cade'.  A  hiding-place.  Disclosure-Hiding- 
place. 

am'-bush.  A  concealed  place;  to  waylay.  Disclosure- 
Hidingplace,  Refuge-Pitfall,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud;  lie  in  ambush,  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

am-bus'-tion.    A  burn  or  scald.    Heating-Cooling. 

&me  [F.]  (am).     Soul,     ame  damnSe  [F.]  (am  da-ne'), 


a  hireling;  Antagonist-Assistant,  Chief-Under- 
ling, Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness, ame  de  boue  [F.]  (am  de  bu),  a  base 
soul;  Good  Man-Bad  Man.  ame  qui  vive  [F.]  (am 
ki  viv),  a  living  soul;  Plurality-Zero,  Presence- 
Absence. 

a-meer'.  The  ruler  of  Afghanistan.  Gentility-De- 
mocracy. 

a-me'-lio-rate.  To  make  more  endurable.  Better- 
ment-Deterioration. 

a-me"-lio-ra'-tion.  Betterment.  Betterment-Dete- 
rioration. 

a"-men'.  So  be  it.  Assent-Dissent,  Contentedness- 
Dicontentment,  Yielding. 

a-me'-na-ble.  Liable  to  be  called  to  account.  Duty- 
Dereliction. 

a-mend'.  To  change  for  the  better.  Betterment- 
Deterioration. 

amende  honorable  [F.]  (a-mamd'  o-no-rabl').  Public 
penance.    Atonement. 

a-mend'-ment.  Change  for  the  better.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  President-Member. 

a-mends'.  Satisfaction.  Atonement,  Compensation, 
Recompense-Punition. 

a-men'-i-ty.  Agreeableness.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

a-men'-ti-a.    Idiocy.    Saneness-Lunacy. 

a-merce'.  To  punish  by  a  fine.   Recompense-It  ^.jalty. 

A-mer'-i-ca.  A  national  hymn  of  the  United  States. 
Patriotism-Treason. 

A-mer'-i-can-Ea'-gle.  The  national  emblem  of  the 
United  States.    Patriotism-Treason. 

A-mer'-i-can-ism.  Peculiar  to  the  United  States. 
Word-Neology. 

am'-e-thyst.  A  variety  of  quartz  of  purple  color. 
Embellishment-  Disfigurement,  Yellowness- 
Purple. 

a"-mi-a-bil'-i-ty.  Lovableness.  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence, Politeness-Impoliteness. 

a'-mi-a-ble.  Lovable.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Love-Hate,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

am'-i-ca-ble.  Peaceable.  Amity-Hostility,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help. 

am'-i-ca-bly.    Friendly.    Amity-Hostility. 

am'-i-cal.     Friendly.    Amity-Hostility. 

am'-ice.    A  monk's  hood  and  cape.    Vestments. 

amici  probantur  rebus  adversis  [L.]  (a-mai'-sai  pro-ban'- 
tur  ri'-bus  ad-veri-sis) .  Friends  are  tested  by  adver- 
sity.   Friend-Foe,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

amicus  [L.]  (a-mai'-cus),  a  friend.  Amicus  curice 
[L.]  (a-mai'-cus  kiu'-ri-i),  an  adviser  without  per- 
sonal interest  in  the  case,  Enlightenment-Secrecy; 
amicus  humani  generis  [L.]  (a-mai'-cus  hiu-me'-nai 
jen'-e-ris),  a  friend  of  the  human  race,  Humanita- 
rianism-Misanthropy;  amicus  usque  ad  aras  [L.] 
(a-mai'-cus  us'-qui  ad  e'-ras),  a  friend  even  to  the 
altars,  Friend-Foe. 

a-mid'.     In  the  midst  of.    -Mixture-Homogeneity. 

a-midst'.  In  the  center  of.  Environment-Inter- 
position, Mixture-Homogeneity. 

a-miss'.  Out  of  order;  faulty.  Good-Evil;  uime 
amiss,  Harmony-Discord,  Opportuneness-Unsuit- 
ableness,  Propriety-Impropriety;  do  amiss,  Vir- 
tue-Vice; go  amiss,  Success-Failure;  nothing 
comes  amiss,  Contentedness-Discontentment, 
Sensitiveness-Apathy;  take  amiss,  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Favorite-Anger. 

am'-i-ty.  Friendly  or  peaceful  relations.  Amity- 
Hostility,  Strife-Peace,  Variance-Accord. 


amity— hostility. 

Knowledge    of   a   person    resulting   from    personal 
See  Love. 


Acquaintance 

contact. 
Affection,  etc.     Strong  and  tender  attachment 


Alienation. 

Animosity, 

Anger. 


The  act  of  estranging, 
etc.     Active    and    vehement   ill-will. 


See   Favorite 


AMITY. 


41 


AMITY. 


AMITY—  HOSTILITY— Continued. 


Amity.     Mutual  good-will. 

Ardent  friendship.     Strong  and  warm  brotherly  feeling. 

Bosom  friendship.     Deep-seated  and  intimate  friendship. 

Brotherhood.     Close    and    indestructible    friendship,    as    that    of 
brothers. 

Confraternity.     Brotherhood  in  a  religious  sense. 

Cordial  friendship.     Hearty  friendship. 

Cordiality.     Warmth  of  feeling. 

Devoted  friendship.     Zealous  and  ardent  friendship. 

Entente  cordial  [F.].     A  cordial  understanding. 

Familiar  friendship.     Intimate  friendship. 

Familiarity.     The  state  of  knowing  well  from  long  acquaintance. 

Fast  friendship.     Strong  and  lasting  friendship. 

Favoritism.     Unjustifiable  preference  for  one  person  over  another. 

Fellow-feeling.     The  quality  of  sharing  another's  emotions. 
Fellowship.     Friendly  intercourse. 
Firm  friendship.     Steadfast  and  enduring  friendship. 
Fraternity.     The  proper  affection  of  brothers  for  each  other. 
Fraternization.     The  act  of  bringing  into  brotherly  relations. 
Friendliness.     The  state  of  regarding  others  with  favor. 
Friendship.     Attachment  resulting  from  mutual  respect. 
Good  understanding.     Friendly  relations. 
Good-will,  etc.     Kindly  feeling.     See  Charitableness. 
Harmony,  etc.     Agreement  in  sentiment  and  feeling.     See  Accord. 
Intercourse.     Connection  by  friendly  dealings. 
Intimacy.     Close  or  confidential  friendship. 
Intimate  friendship.     Close  or  confidential  friendship. 
Introduction.     The  act  of  causing  to  become  acquainted. 
Knowledge  of.     Acquaintance  with. 
Lasting  friendship.     Enduring  friendship. 

Peace,  etc.     A  state  of  unity  of  feeling  or  interest.     See  Strife- 
Peace. 
Rapprochement  [F.].     The  act  of  restoring  to  friendship. 
Response.     A  sympathetic  action. 
Sincere  friendship.     True  friendship. 

Sodality.     A  fellowship  for  devotional  or  charitable  purposes. 
Stanch  friendship.     Faithful  friendship. 
Sympathy.     Feeling  corresponding  to  what  another  feels. 
Tried  friendship.     Friendship  which  has  been  put  to  the  test  and 

stood  it. 
Warm  friendship.     Earnest  and  fervent  friendship. 
Welcomeness.     The  state  of  being  gladly  received. 

Amity — Verbs. 

Be  acquainted  with,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Bear  good-will,  etc.     See  Charitableness. 
Become  friendly,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Befriend.     To  aid  in  a  friendly  way.     See  Obstruction-Help. 
Be  friendly,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Be  friends,  etc.     See  Friend. 
Be  introduced  to.     To  become  acquainted  with. 
Break  the  ice.     To  open  the  way  to  acquaintanceship. 
Embrace.     To  hug. 

Extend  the  right  hand  of  fellowship.)  ~     ,       t  .      ,  .  . 
Extend  the  right  hand  of  friendship  J  Profess  fnen<ishlP- 
Fraternize.     To  bring  into  brotherly  relations. 
Gain  the  friendship  of.     Become  a  friend. 
Get  into  favor.     Become  a  favorite. 
Have  a  leaning  to.     To  favor  somewhat. 
Have  dealings  with.     Be  associated  with. 
Have  the  ear  of.     To  have  the  favorable  attention  of. 
Hold  communication  with.     Have  intercourse  with. 
Hold  out  the  right  hand  of  fellowship. 
Hold  out  the  right  hand  of  friendship. 
Introduce  to.     To  make  acquainted  with. 
Keep  company  with,  etc.     See  Sociability. 
Know.     To  be  acquainted  with. 

Love.     To  regard  with  strong  and  tender  affection.     See  Love. 
Make  acquaintance  with.     Become  acquainted. 
Make  friends  with,  etc.     See  Friend. 
Make  much  of.     To  regard  highly. 

Meet  half-way.     To  concede  something  in  becoming  conciliated. 
Pick  acquaintance  with.     To  seek  to  become  friendly. 
Receive  with  open  arms.     To  receive  with  affection. 
Scrape  acquaintance  with.     To  intrude  oneself  into  a  person's  ac- 
quaintance. 
Set  one's  horses  together.     To  fraternize. 
Shake  hands  with.     Give  hands  as  a  salute. 
Sympathize  with.     To  share  the  feelings  of  another. 
Take  in  good  part.     To  receive  in  a  friendly  manner. 
Throw  oneself  into  the  arms  of.     Become  very  intimate  readily. 


Discord,  etc.     Variance  or  strife,  etc.     See  Variance. 
Dislike,  etc.     A  sftght  degree  of  hatred.     See  Desire-Distaste. 
Enmity.     The  state  of  cherishing  resentment  towards  another. 
Estrangement.     The  act  of  turning  from  friendliness  to  hostility. 
Hate,  etc.     Intense  dislike  combined  with  ill-will.    See  LovE-HATr 

Heartburning.     Secret  hate. 

Hostility.     The  state  of  being  actively  inimical. 

Malevolence,  etc.     The  state  of  having  an  evil  disposition  toward: 
others,  etc.     See  Charitableness-Malevolence. 

Unfriendliness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Hostility — Verbs. 

Alienate.     To  withdraw  love  or  affection  from. 

Bear  malice,  etc.     To  have  a  disposition  to  injure.     See  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence. 

Be  inimical,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Estrange.     To  be  or  become  less  intimate  in  friendship. 

Fall  out.     To  become  hostile  from  a  disagreement. 

Harden  the  heart.     To  become  indifferent  in  friendship  to  another. 

Hold  at  arm's  length.)  ,T  .  .     ,  ,  .      „        .  , 

Keep  at  arm's  length.)  Not  to  **  ^^  fnendV  ™th- 

Take  umbrage,  etc.     To  feel  injured  because  of  envy.     See  Favo» 
ite-Anger, 

Hostility — Adjectives. 

AUenated.     Having  love  or  affection  withdrawn  from. 

At  daggers  drawn.     At  enmity  with  each  other. 

At  enmity.     Cherishing  resentment. 

At  open  war  with.     Hostile  to. 

At  variance.     Disagreeing  in  opinion. 

Cold-hearted.     Lacking  sympathy. 

Cool.     Lacking  cordiality. 

Disaffected.     Filled  with  discontent. 

Estranged.     On  less  intimate  terms  than  formerly. 

Hostile.     Actively  inimical. 

In  bad  odor  with.     Out  of  favor  with. 

Inimical.     Hating  others. 

Irreconcilable.     Not  to  be  recalled  from  a  state  of  hostility. 

Not  on  speaking  terms.     Not  friendly. 

On  bad  terms.     Unfriendly. 

Unfriendly.     Not  kind  or  favorable. 

Up  in  arms  against.     Actively  hostile  to. 

AMITY — Continued. 

Am  it  y— A  djectives. 

Acquainted.     Familiar  or  conversant  with. 

Amicable.     Showing  good-will. 

Amical.     Of  or  pertaining  to  friends. 

At  home  with.     Intimate. 

Brotherly.     Showing  friendship  like  brothers. 

Cordial.     Having  warmth  of  heart  or  feeling. 

Familiar.     Well  acquainted. 

Fraternal.     Friendly;  in  a  manner  befitting  a  brother. 

Free  and  easy.     Friendly  without  formality. 

Friends  with.     Very  friendly. 

Hail  fellow  well  met.     On  very  familiar  or  cordial  terms. 

Hand  and  glove.     Very  intimate. 

Hand  in  hand  with.     Closely  associated. 

Hearty.     Proceeding  from  the  heart. 

In  one's  good  books.  1  ^  ,  . 

-  ,  .  r  ravored  by  someone. 

In  ones  good  graces.  J 

Intimate.     Closely  connected  by  friendship. 

Neighborly.     Disposed  to  be  sociable. 

On  amicable -footing, — terms.     On  a  mutual  footing  of  good-will. 

On  familiar-footing, — terms.     On  terms  of  familiarity.    See  Familiar 

On  friendly-footing,— terms.     On  terms  befitting  friendship. 

On  good-footing, — terms.     On  a  favorable  footing. 

On  intimate -footing, — terms.     On  terms  of  close  companionship. 

On  speaking  terms.     Friendly  enough  to  speak. 

On  visiting  terms.     Friendly  enough  to  interchange  visits. 

Sympathetic.     Having  a  fellow-feeling  for  another. 

Thick.     Closely  associated. 

Unhostile.     Not  unfriendly. 

Warm-hearted.     Sympathetic  and  cordial. 

Welcome.     Received  in  a  friendly  manner. 

Well-affected.     Influenced  in  a  good  manner. 

Well  at  home.     Thoroughly  familiar. 

Well  with.     On  good  terms. 

Am  it  y — A  dverbs. 

Amicably,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Arm  in  arm.     In  an  intimate  manner. 

Sans  ceremonie  [F,].     Without  ceremony;  in  a  sociable  manner 

With  open  arms.     Cordially. 


AMMONIUM. 


42 


ANALYZE. 


am-mo'-ni-um.     A  volatile  alkali.     Chemistry. 

amor  [L.]  (e'-mor).  Love.  Love-Hate.  amor 
nummi  [L.]  (e'-mor  num'mai),  love  of  the  dollar, 
Extravagance- Avarice;  amor  patrice-  [L.]  (e'-mor 
pe'-tri-i),  love  of  country,  Humanitarianism- 
Misanthropy,  Patriotism-Treason;  ducit  amor 
patrice  [L.]  (du'-sit  e'-mor  pe'-tri-i),  love  of  coun- 
try leads  me,  Humanitarianism-Misanthropy; 
omnia  vincit  amor  [L.]  (om'-ni-a  vin'-sit  e'-mor), 
love  conquers  all  things,  Love-Hate,  Success- 
Failure;  vincet  amor  patrice  [L.]  (vin'-set  e'-mor 
pe'-tri-i),  love  of  country  will  conquer,  Humani- 
tarianism-Misanthropy. 

amore  [It.]  (a-mo'-re).  Love.  Con  amore  [It.]  (con 
a-mo'-re),  with  love,   Emotion,  Love-Hate. 

am"-mu-ni'-tion.  Anything  used  in  the  discharge  of 
firearms.     Materials,  Weapon. 

am'-nes-ty.  An  act  of  pardon.  Fighting-Concilia- 
tion, Pardon- Vindictiveness. 

amnis  [L.]  (am'-nis).  River.  Rusticus  expectat  dum 
amnis  defluat  [L.]  (rus'-ti-cus  ex-pec'-tat  dum  am'-nis 
def'-lu-at) .  The  rustic  waits  for  the  river  to  flow  by. 
Sanguin  en  ess-Hopelessness. 

a-mong'.  In  the  midst  of.  Environment-Inter- 
position, Mixture-Homogeneity. 

a-mongst'.  In  the  midst  of.  Environment-Inter- 
position, Mixture-Homogeneity. 

amoroso  [It.]  (a-mo-ro'-so) .  Tender.  Acting,  Love- 
Hate. 

am'-o-rous.     Ardent  in  affection.     Love-Hate. 

a-mor'-phism.  Quality  of  being  without  shape.  Form- 
Formlessness. 

a-mor'-phous.    Unshapen.    Conventionality-Uncon 

VENTIONALITY,    FORM-FORMLESSNESS,    MINERALOGY. 

a-mor"-ti-za'-tion.  Giving  of  lands  to  a  corporation. 
Giving-Receiving. 

a-mo'-tion.     A  removal.     Transfer. 

a-mount7.  The  sum  total.  Money,  Price-Discount, 
Quantity-Measure;  amount  to,  Equality-In- 
equality, Numbering;  gross  amount,  Whole- 
Part,  Equality-Inequality. 

amour  [F.]  (a-mu'r).  A  love  affair.  Love-Hate, 
Purity-Impurity  ;  amour propre  [F.]  (a-mur'  pro'-pr) . 
Self-love,  Conceit-Diffidence. 

am"-ou-rette'.  A  pretty  love  affair.  Love-Hate, 
Purity-Impurity. 

am-pere'.  The  unit  of  electric-current  strength. 
Electricity. 

am-phib'-i-ous.  Living  both  on  land  and  in  water. 
Con  ventionality-Uncon  VENTIONALITY. 

am"-phi-bol'-o-gy.  A  sentence  ambiguous  in  construc- 
tion.    Ambiguity. 

am-phib'-o-lous.    Ambiguous.    Ambiguity. 

am-phib'-o-ly.     Ambiguity. 

am-phic"-ty-on'-ic .  Pertaining  to  the  Grecian  coun- 
cils.    Amphictyonic  council,  Council. 

amphigouri  [F.]  (cur-fi-gu-ri').  Nonsense.  Adage- 
Nonsense. 

am"-phi-pro '-style .  An  edifice  with  columns  in  front 
and  behind,  but  not  on  the  sides.     Architecture. 

am"-phi-the'-a-ter.  An  arena,  or  place  of  public  con- 
test; range  of  vision.  Acting,  Architecture, 
Lists,  School,  Sight-Blindness. 

am-phit'-ry-on.     A  host.     Friend-Foe. 

am'-pho-ra.  An  earthenware  jar.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

am'-ple.  Of  large  capacity;  sufficient.  Breadth- 
Narrowness,  Extension-Inextension,  Great- 
ness-Littleness, Magnitude-Smallness. 

am"-pli-fi-ca'-tion.  Elaboration.  Rhetoric,  Terse- 
ness-Prolixity. 

am'-pli-fy.  To  enlarge.  Enlargement-Diminution, 
Gull-Hyperbole,  Terseness-Prolixity. 

am'-pli-tude .    Greatness  of  extent.    Breadth-Narrow- 


ness, Enough,  Greatness-Littleness,  Quantity- 
Measure. 

am"-pli-tu'-din-ous.  Great  in  extent.  Greatness- 
Littleness. 

am'-ply.     Largely.     Enough. 

am'-pu-tate.     To  cut  off.    Addition-Subtraction. 

am"-pu-ta'-tion.  A  cutting  off.  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion. 

am'-u-let.     A   charm.      Devotion-Charm. 

amusare  [It.]  (a-mu-za'-re).  To  please.  Per  amusare 
la  bocca  (per  a-mu-za'-re  la  boc-ca) .  To  please  the 
mouth.      Palatableness-Unpalatableness. 

a-muse'.  To  please.  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

a-mused'.     Pleased.     Entertainment- Weariness. 

a-muse'-ment.  Enjoyment.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Pleasure-Pain;  place  of  amusement,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness. 

a-mus'-ing.  Entertaining.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

amus-sis  [L.]  (a-mus'-sis) .  A  rule  or"  level.  ad 
amussim  [L.]  (ad  a-mus'-sim).  According  to  rule. 
Truth-Error. 

am"-y-la'-ceous.    Starchy.    Viscidity-Foam. 

an.    One;  and  if.    Hypothesis. 

an'-a.     Scraps  of  literature.     Account. 

An"-a-bap'-tism.  A  religious  rite.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

An"-a-bap'-tist.  A  religious  sect  in  Germany.  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

an-ach'-ro-nism.  An  error  in  assigning  the  date  of  an 
event.  Chronology-Anachronism,  Opportune- 
ness-Unsuitableness. 

an"-a-co-lu'-thon.  Lack  of  grammatical  symmetry  in 
a  sentence.     Continuity-Interruption,  Rhetoric. 

an"-a-con'-da.  A  huge  tropical  serpent.  Benefactor- 
Evildoer. 

an-ac"-re-on'-tic.    Amatory  verse.     Poetry-Prose. 

an"-a-cru'-sis.  An  unemphatic  introductory  syllable 
in  lyric  verse.     Poetry-Prose. 

an'-a-glyph.  An  ornament  in  relief.  Delineation- 
Caricature,  Sculpture. 

an"-a-glyp'-tic.    Ornamental.    Sculpture. 

an"-a-go'-ge.  Spiritual  significance.  Manifestation- 
Latency,  Trope. 

an"-a-gog'-ic-al.    Mystical.    Trope. 

an'-a-gram.  The  letters  of  a  word  transposed  so  as  to 
make  a  different  word.  Ambiguity,  Letter,  Tid- 
ings-Mystery, WlTTINESS-DuLNESS. 

an"-a-gram-mat'-i-cism.  A  letter  or  word  transposed 
to  make  a  different  word.     Letter. 

an"-a-lec'-ta.  A  selection  from  a  literary  work.   Digest. 

an"-a-lec'-tic.    Composed  of  selections.     Digest. 

an"-a-lep'-tic.  Restorative  to  strength.  Remedy- 
Bane. 

an"-a-log'-ic-al.     Figurative.     Likeness-Unlikeness. 

an"-a-log-ic'-al-ness.  Similarity.  Likeness-Unlike- 
ness. 

a-nal'-o-gous.     Related.     Likeness-Unlikeness. 

an'-a-logue.  Anything  analogous.  Likeness-Unlike- 
ness. 

a-nal'-o-gy.  Similarity  of  properties  or  relations. 
Connection-Independence,  Likeness-Unlike- 
ness, Rhetoric. 

an-al'-y-sis.  Resolution  into  parts.  Composition- 
Resolution,  Digest,  Investigation-Answer, 
Numbering,  Organization-Disorganization,  Ra- 
tiocination-Instinct, Trial. 

an'-a-lyst.  One  who  analyzes.  Investigation-An- 
swer, Trial. 

an"-a-lyt'-ic.  Proceeding  by  analysis.  Investiga- 
tion-Answer, Mixture-Homogeneity. 

an'-a-lyze.  To  make  an  analysis.  Investigation. 
Answer,  Mixture-Homogeneity. 


ANALYZER. 


43 


ANATOMY. 


an'-a-ly"-zer.    One  who  analyzes.    Trial. 

an"-a-mor'-pho-sis.  A  distorted  representation  of  an 
object,  so  made  that  when  viewed  through  an  instru- 
ment a  correct  image  is  obtained.  Delineation- 
Caricature,  Proportion-Deformity,  Sight-Dim- 
sightedness. 

ananke  [Gr.]  (an-an*'-ke).  Necessity.  Volition-Obli- 
gation. 

an'-a-pest.  A  metrical  foot.  Poetry-Prose,  Rhet- 
oric. 

an"-a-pes'-tic.    Composed  of  anapests.     Rhetoric. 

an-ar'-chic.  Opposed  to  government.  Tyranny- 
Anarchy. 

an-ar'-chic-al.  Lawless.  Regularity-Irregularity, 
Rule-License,  Tyranny- Anarchy. 

an'-arch-ism.  Disbelief  in  government.  Regularity- 
Irregularity,  Tyranny-Anarchy. 

an'-arch-ist.  An  advocate  of  anarchy.  Benefactor- 
Evildoer,  Insubordination-Obedience,  Tyr- 
anny-Anarchy. 

an"-arch-is'-tic.     Hatred  for  law.    Tyranny-Anarchy. 

an'-arch-y.  Disregard  of  government.  Regularity- 
Irregularity,  Rule-License,  Tyranny-Anarchy. 

an"-a-stat'-ic.  In  relief.  Anastatic  printing.  En- 
graving. 

a-nas"-to-mo'-sis.  A  union  or  running  together. 
Crossing,  Union-Disunion. 

a-nas'-tro-phe,  a-nas'-tro-phy.  Inversion  of  the  natural 
order  of  words.      Reversal. 

a-nath'-e-ma.  A  formal  ban  or  curse.  Charitable- 
ness-Curse. 

a-nath'-e-ma- tize.  To  pronounce  a  curse  against. 
Adulation  -  Disparagement,  Approval-  Disap- 
proval, Charitableness-Curse. 

an"-a-tom'-ic.    Structural.    Texture. 

an"-a-tom'-ic-al .    Structural .    Te  xtu  re  . 

a-nat'-o-mize.  To  dissect  a  body  for  examination. 
Investigation-Answer,  Union-Disunion. 

a-nat'-o-my.  Science  of  the  structure  of  organisms. 
Anatomy,  Biology,  Breadth-Narrowness,  Or- 
ganization-Inorganization,  Texture,  Union-Dis- 
union, Zoology-Botany;  comparative  anatomy, 
Zoology-Botany. 

ANATOMY. 

Anatomy — Associated  Nouns. 

Abdomen.     Cavity  of  the  belly . 

Alimentary  canal.     Channel  extending  from  the  mouth  to  the  anus. 

Ankle.     The  joint  connecting  the  foot  and  the  leg. 

Antihelix.     The  curved  elevation  of  the  cartilage  of  the  ear,  within 

or  in  front  of  the  helix. 
Antitragus.     A  prominence  on  the  lower  posterior  portion  of  the 

concha  of  the  external  ear,  opposite  the  tragus. 
Aorta.     Great  artery  that  carries  blood  from  heart  to  the  body. 
Arm.     The  upper  limb  of  the  human  body,  from  shoulder  to  hand. 
Artery.     A  tube  that  carries  blood  from  the  heart. 
Biceps.     A  muscle  with  two  heads  or  origins. 
Bladder.     A  membranous  sac  for  holding  the  urine. 
Blood.     The  red  nourishing  fluid  that  circulates  in  animals. 
Blood-vessel.     A  tubular  canal  in  which  blood  circulates,  either  an 

artery,  a  vein,  or  a  capillary. 
Bone.     A  hard,   dense,  porous  structure  forming  the  skeleton   of 

vertebrate  animals. 
Ccecum.     The  blind  gut,  open  at  one  end,  connected  with  the  large 

intestine,  beyond  the  entrance  of  the  small  intestine. 
Canthus.     The  corner  where  the  upper  and  under  eyelids  meet  on 

each  side  of  the  eye. 
Capillary.     A  hair-like  vein  or  nerve. 
Carotid.     An  artery  by  which  blood  is  carried  from  the  aorta  to  the 

head. 
Carpus.     The  wrist. 
Cerebellum.     Organ  of  the  central  nervous  system  ;  posterior  part  of 

the  brain 
Cerebrum.     Seat  of  thought  or  will ;  anterior  part  of  the  brain. 
Chin.     The  central  and  anterior  part  of  the  lower  jaw. 
Choroid  coat.     The  highly  pigmented  membrane  which  lines  ths 

sclerotic  coat  of  the  eye. 


Clavicle.     The  collar-bone. 

Coccyx.     Caudal,  or  tail  end  of  the  spine. 

Cochlea.     One  of  the  passages  of  the  internal  ear. 

Colon.     The  large  intestine . 

Concha.     Deepest  hollow  of  the  external  ear;  one  of  the  thin  sheii 

like  structures  in  the  cavity  of  the  nose. 
Cornea.     The  anterior  transparent  part  of  the  outer  coat  of  the  eye 
Duodenum.      Small  intestine  connected  with  the  stomach. 
Ear.     The  organ  of  hearing. 
Elbow.     The  joint  at  the  bend  of  the  arm. 
Esophagus.     The  membranous  tube  through  which  food  passes  from 

the  pharynx  to  the  stomach. - 
Eustachian  tube.     A  canal  connecting  the  pharynx  with  the  middle 

ear. 
Eye.     The  organ  of  sight. 
Face.     The  anterior  portion  of  the  head. 
Femur.     The  long  bone  that  forms  the  skeleton  of  the  thigh. 
Fetus.     The  young  in  the  womb  or  in  the  egg. 
Fibula.     The  outer  of  the  two  bones  of  the  lower  leg. 
Finger.     One  of  the  terminal  members  of  the  hand. 
Flesh.     Portion  of  an  animal  body  that  consists  of  the  softer  tissues. 
Foot.     The  part  below  the  ankle  in  man  or  other  vertebrates. 
Forehead.     Upper  part  of  the  face,  between  the  eyes  and  the  hair 
Ganglion.     An  aggregation  of  nerve  cells ;  a  nerve  center. 
Gland.     An  organ  by  means  of  which  constituents  are  removed  from 

the  blood,  either  as  a  specific  secretion  or  as  an  excretion. 
Hair.     One  of  the  filamentous  structures  that  grow  from  the  skin 

or  outer  covering  of  a  mammal;  any  mass  of  such  filaments. 
Hand.     The  part  of  the  fore  limb  that  is  attached  to  the  lower 

extremity  of  the  forearm. 
Heart.     The  central  organ  of  the  vascular  system  of  animals,  a 

hollow  structure  of  muscles  that  propels  the  blood  by  alternate 

contractions  and  dilatations. 
Helix.     The  recurved  border  of  the  external  ear. 
Hip.     The  lateral  part  of  the  body  between  the  brim  of  the  pelvis 

and  the  free  part  of  the  thigh. 
Humerus.     The  bone  of  the  upper  arm. 
Ileum.     The  lower  three-fifths  of  the  small  intestine. 
Iris.     The  curtain  across  the  aqueous  chamberof  the  eye. 
Jaw.    One  of  the  two  structures  forming  the  framework  of  the  mouth. 
Jugular.     One  of  the  large  veins  of  the  neck. 
Kidney.     One  of  the  glandular  organs  that  secrete  urine. 
Knee.     The  joint  between  the  thigh  and  the  leg. 
Leg.     The  part  of  the  lower  limb  between  knee  and  ankle. 
Liver.     A  large  glandular  organ  in  the  upper  part  of  the  body. 
Lobe.     A  protuberance  or  projecting  part,  as  of  the  ear. 
Lung.     Either  of  the   two  organs  for  the  aeration  of  the  blood 

situated  in  the  thorax  on  each  side  of  the  heart. 
Lymphatic.     An  absorbent  vessel  carrying  lymph  to  the  veins. 
Maxilla.     One  of  the  jaw  bones. 
Medulla.     The  marrow  of  long  bones. 
Meibomian  glands.     The  slender  sebaceous  glands  of  the  eyelids, 

which  discharge,  through   minute  orifices  in  the  edges  of  the  lido, 

a  fatty  secretion  serving  to  lubricate  the  adjacent  parts. 
Metacarpus.  Part  of  the  hand  between  wrist  and  fingers. 
Muscle.     An  organ  composed  of  contractile  fibers  by  the  action  of 

which  bodily  movement  is  effected. 
Nail.     A  thin  horny  plate  or  scale  on  the  end  of  a  finger  or  toe. 
Neck.     Part  of  an  animal  which  connects  the  head  with  the  trunk. 
Nerve.     A  cord-Hke  structure  composed  of  delicate  filaments  by 

which  sensations  or  stimulative  impulses  are  transmitted  to  and 

from  the  brain  and  other  organs. 
Nervous   system.     The    specialized    coordinating   apparatus   which 

endows  animals  with  sensation  and  volition. 
Nose.     That  part  of  the  face  of  an  animal  containing  the  nostrils 

and  the  organ  of  smell. 
Occiput.     Lower  back  part  of  the  head. 
Optic  nerve.     The  special  nerve  of  vision. 
Ovary.     Gland  of  the  female  essential  to  generation. 
Pancreas.     A  gland  connecting  with  the  alimentary  canal. 
Patella.     Kneecap. 
Pelvis.     The  part  of  the  skeleton  that  forms  a  bony  girdle  by  which 

the  lower  or  hinder  limbs  are  joined  to  the  body. 
Peritoneum.     The  serous  membrane  lining  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 
Phalanges.     The  bones  of  the  hand  or  foot,  beyond  the  metacarpus. 
Pharynx.     The  alimentary  canal  between  the  mouth  and  esophagus. 
Prostate.     A  gland  in  front  of  the  bladder  and  joins  the  urethra. 
Pubis.     The  ventral  and  anterior  of  the  three  principal  bones  com- 
posing either  half  of  the  pelvis. 
Pupil.     The  round  opening  in  the  iris  of  the  eye. 
Radius.     That  one  of  the  two  long  bones  of  the  forearm  that  is  on 

the  same  side  as  the  thumb. 
Retina.     The  inner  coat  of  the  eye,  containing  the  nervous  appa- 
ratus essential  to  vision. 


ANATOMY. 


44 


ANGEL  -SATAN. 


Rib.     One  of  the  bones  attached  to  the  spine  encircling  the  body- 
cavity. 
Sacrum.     A  composite  bone  formed  by  the  union  of  the  vertebrae 

between  the  lumbar  and  caudal  regions,  constituting  the  dorsal 

part  of  the  pelvis 
Scaphoid  fossa.     The  groove  between  the  helix  and  the  antihelix. 
Scapula.     The  shoulder-blade 
Sclerotic  coat.     The  dense  white  membrane  which  with  the  cornea 

in  front  forms  the  outer  coating  of  the  eye  around  the  iris. 
Scrotum.     The  pouch  that  contains  the  testes. 
Spine.     The  vertebral  column  of  the  back. 
Spleen.     A  ductless,  gland-like  organ  lying  below  the  stomach  ,  the 

melt 
Sternum.     The  breast-bone. 
Stomach.     Vessel  in  which  the  food  is  digested. 
Tarsus.     The  ankle. 
Temple.     The  region  on  each  side  of  the  head  in  front  of  the  ear  and 

above  the  cheek-bone. 
Testes.     The  testicles ;  male  organs  of  generation. 
Thorax.    The  part  of  *he  body  between  the  neck  and  the  abdomen. 
Thumb.     The  short  thick  digit  on  the  radial  side  of  the  hand. 
Tibia.     The  inner  one  of  the  two  bones  that  constitute  the  skeleton 

of  the  leg  below  the  knee. 
Toe.     One  of  the  digits  of  a  foot  of  a  quadruped  or  a  biped. 
Tongue.     Organ  of  taste  and  speech. 
Tooth.     A  small  bone  attached  to  the  jaw  for  chewing. 
Tragus.      Prominence  in  front  of  the  opening  of  the  ear. 
Trunk.     The   body   as   distinguished  from  its  appendages — limbs, 

neck,  head,  etc. 
Tympanum.     The  middle  ear;  the  ear  drum. 
Ulna.     In  vertebrates  above  fishes,  that  one  of  the  two  long  bones 

of  the  forearm,  or  corresponding  portion  of  the  fore  limb,  that  is 

on  the  same  side  as  the  little  finger. 
Ureter.     Duct  that  conveys  urine  from  the  kidneys. 
Urethra.     Canal  discharging  the  urine 
Vein.     One  of  the  muscular  tubular  vessels  that  convey  blood  to 

the  heart. 
Vermiform  appendix.     A  blind  process  of  the  caecum. 
Vertebra.     One  of  the  segments  of  the  spine. 
Windpipe.     The  tube  for  carrying  air  to  and  from  the  lungs. 
Wrist.     The  part  of  the  arm  immediately  joining  the  hand. 
Zonule  of  Zinn.     The  suspensory  ligament  of  the  crystalline  lens  of 

the  eye.  * 

Anatomy — Verbs. 
Breathe.     To  inhale  and  exhale  air. 

Circulate.     To  move  by  a  circuit  back  to  the  starting  point. 
Diffuse.     To  expand;  to  cause  to  flow. 

Digest.     To  prepare  in  the  stomach  for  conversion  into  the  blood. 
Exhale.     To  force  air  out  of  the  lungs. 
Inhale.     To  take  into  the  lungs,  as  air. 
Perspire.     To  sweat 

Respire.     To  take  breath  again;  to  breathe  in  and  out. 
Transfuse.     To  transfer,  as  blood,  from  the  veins  or  arteries  of  one 

animal  to  those  of  another. 

Anatomy — Adjectives. 
Abdominal.     Of,  or  pertaining  to  the  abHomen. 
Axillary.     Pertaining  to  the  arm-pit. 
Brachial.     Belonging  to  the  arm. 
Celiac.     Pertaining  to  the  belly. 
Cervical.     Belonging  to  the  neck. 
Cubital.     Pertaining  to  the  ulna. 
Ectad.     Toward  the  outside  or  surface. 
Ectal.     Situated  near  the  surface. 
Epigastric.     Pertaining    to    the    upper   and    anterior   part    of    the 

abdomen. 
Femoral.     Belonging  to  the  thigh. 
Frontal.     Belonging  to  the  forehead. 
Hypochondriac.      Pertaining  to  the  hypochondria. 
Hypogastric.     Relating  to  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen. 
Iliac.     Pertaining  to  the  third  division  of  the  lesser  intestine. 
Intercostal.     Lying  between  the  ribs 
Lumbar.     Pertaining  to,  or  near  the  loins. 
Mesial.     Middle. 

Muscular.     Pertaining  to  the  muscles. 
Pancreatic.      Pertaining  to  the  pancreas. 

Parietal.     Pertaining  to  the  bones  of  the  upper  part  of  the  skull. 
Pedal.     Relating  to  the  foot. 


Pulmonary,     Pertaining  to  the  lungs. 
Radial.     Pertaining  to  the  radius 
Sciatic.     Pertaining  to  the  hip. 
Temporal.      Pertaining  to  the  temples. 
Tibial.     Pertaining  to  the  tibia. 
Umbilical.     Of,  or  relating  to  the  navel. 
Venal.     Pertaining  to  the  veins. 
Vertebral.     Pertaining  to  a  vertebra;  spinal. 


an"-a-trip'-tic.  Using  friction  as  a  remedy  for  disease. 
Friction-Lubrication. 

an-ces'-tral.  Inherited  from  an  ancestor.  Future- 
Past,  Infancy-Age,  Novelty-Antiquity. 

an'-ces-try.  One's  ancestors  collectively.  Future- 
Past,  Parentage-Progeny. 

an'-chor.  An  implement  that  retains  a  ship  in  a  par- 
ticular station;  to  become  fixed.  Connective, 
Establishment-Removal,  Movement-Rest,  Ref- 
uge-Pitfall, Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  at 
anchor,  Establishment-Removal,  Movement- 
Rest,  Mutability-Stability,  Security-Insecur- 
ity; cast  anchor,  Arrival-Departure,  Establish- 
ment-Removal; sheet  anchor,  Means,  Refuge- 
Pitfall,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

an'-chor-age.  A  place  suitable  for  anchoring  a  vessel. 
Arrival-Departure,  Dweller-Habitation,  Es- 
tablishment-Removal, Refuge-Pitfall. 

an'-chored.     Firmly  fixed.     Mutability-Stability. 

an'-cho-ret,  an'-cho-rite.  A  recluse.  Austerity, 
Sociability-Privacy. 

an"-chy-lo'-sis.  Growing  together  of  two  bones. 
Mutability-Stability. 

an'-cient.  Of  great  age;  an  ensign  or  flag.  Novelty- 
Antiquity,  Sign;  ancient  times,  Future-Past. 

an'-cil-la-ry.    Serving  as  an  aid.     Obstruction-Help. 

andante  [It.]  (an-dan'-te) .  Moving  moderately.  Music. 

and'-i"-ron.  Metallic  support  for  wood  in  an  open  fire- 
place.   Oven-Refrigerator. 

An'-drew,  Mer'-ry.    A  buffoon.    Wag. 

an-drog'-y-nal.  Hermaphrodite.  ConventionaliTy- 
Unconventionality. 

an-drog'-y-nous.  Uniting  the  characteristics  of  both 
sexes.    Conventionality-Unconventionality. 

an'-ec-dote.    A  short  story.    Account. 

an"-ec-dot'-ic    Relating  to  a  story.    Account. 

an-ele'.    To  anoint.    Godliness-Ungodliness. 

an"-e-mog'-ra-phy.  The  art  of  recording  the  velocity 
and  direction  of  winds.     River- Wind. 

an"-e-mom'-e-ter.  A  wind-measuring  instrument. 
River-Wind. 

anemolia  bazein  [Gr.]  (a-ne-mo'-li-a  bad'-zain).  To 
talk  words  of  wind.     Adage-Nonsense. 

a-nent'.     Opposite.     Connection-Independence. 

anerithmon  gelasma  [Gr.]  (a-ne'-rith-mon  gel'-as-ma). 
The  many-twinkling  smile  of  ocean.    River-Wind. 

an'-e-roid.  Not  containing  or  using  a  fluid.  Water- 
Air. 

an"-es-the'-si-a.  Loss  of  sensation.  Feeling-In- 
sensibility. 

an"-es-thet'-ic.  Insensible.  Feeling-Insensibility, 
Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

a-new'.  Again;  in  a  new  manner.  Novelty-Antiq- 
uity, Recurrence. 

an-frac"-tu-os'-i-ty.    Winding.    Circle-Winding. 

an'-gel.  A  spiritual  being;  a  person  of  angelic  qualities. 
Angel-Satan,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Love-Hate; 
fallen  angel,  Angel-Satan,  Good  Man-Bad  Man; 
guardian  angel,  Antagonist-Assistant,  Benefac- 
tor-Evildoer, Security-Insecurity. 


ANGEL— SATAN. 


Angel.     A  heavenly  being  superior  to  man  in  power  and  knowledge. 
Archangel.     A  chief  angel. 

Cherub.     One  of  the  second  order  of  angels;    representation  of  a 
beautiful  child  with  wings. 


Abaddon.     The  destroying  angel  of  hell. 

Ahrimanes.     The  evil  principle  in  Persian  theology. 

Apollyon.     The  destroyer. 

Beelzebub.     The  prince  of  fallen  angels;  a  god  of  the  Philistines 


ANGEL— SATAN. 


45 


ANGULARITY. 


ANGEL— SATAN— Continued. 


Cherubim.      Plural  of  cherub. 

Heavenly  host.     The  multitude  of  beings  who  inhabit  heaven. 
Host  of  heaven.      Angels  and  archangels. 
Madonna.     The  Virgin  Mary. 

Ministering  spirit.      Beings  having  the  power  to  aid ,  an  angel 
Morning  Star.      Figurative  for  angel. 
Sai.i.t.     One  of  the  sanctified  beings  in  heaven. 

Sen.  jh.     One  of  the  order  of  angels  ranking  next  above  the  cherubim. 
Seraphim.     Plural  of  seraph. 

Sens  of  God.     Angels;    more  often  simply  human  beings  enjoying 
special  Divine  favor. 

Angel — Adjectives. 


Angelic. 
Seraphic. 


Of  or  pertaining  to  angels. 
Having  the  nature  or  character  of  a  seraph. 


SATAN — Nouns  of  Character — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Devilship.     State  or  office  of  the  devil. 
Manicheism.     The  doctrine  of  two  supreme  beings. 
Satanism.     Disposition  of  Satan. 
The  cloven  foot.     A  devilish  character. 

Satan — Adjectives. 
Devilish.  Having  the  qualities  of  the  devil. 
Diabolic.  Pertaining  to  the  devil ;  satanic. 
Hell-born.     Born  of  hell. 

Infernal.     Pertaining  to  the  lower  regions  or  hell. 
Satanic.     Having  the  qualities  of  Satan;  devilish. 


Belial.     Any  reckless  person;  the  devil. 

Demon.     An  evil  spirit.     See  Fiend. 

Devil.     Ruler  of  hell. 

Fallen  angels.     Angels  hurled  from  heaven  with  Satan. 

Inhabitants  of  Pandemonium.     The  satanic  hosts. 

Lucifer.     The  morning  star;  Satan. 

Sammael.     A  demon  in  rabbinical  mythology. 

Satan.     The  chief  of  bad  spirits. 

Tempter.     One  who  entices  to  wrong. 

The  author  of  evil.      1^^,. 

The  common  enemy.  J 

The  devil  incarnate.      The  devil  in  the  flesh;    the  devil   having  % 

human  body. 
The  arch  fiend.     Satan. 
The  evil  spirit.     The  devil. 
The  foul  fiend.     An  evil  spirit. 
The  wicked  one.     The  devil. 
Zammiel.     See  Sammael. 

Satan — Figurative  Nouns, 
Old  Gooseberry;  old  Harry;  old  Horny;  old  Nick;  old  Scratch;  the 
deuce;  the  dickens;  the  old  serpent;   the  prince  of  darkness;  the 
prince  of  the  devils;  the  prince  of  the  powers  of  the  air;  the  prince 
of  the  world;  the  powers  of  darkness;  the  rulers  of  darkness. 


Satan — Nouns  of  Character 
:  quality  of  Satan. 
(Continued  on  Column  i  ) 


D'aboli  m  i      Characteristic  quality  of  Satan. 


an-gel'-ic.  Having  the  nature  of  an  angel.  Angel- 
Satan,  Virtue-Vice. 

an'-gels.  Heavenly  guardians.  Angels  and  ministers 
of  grace  defend  us,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

an'-ger.  Violent  passion.  Excitability-In excita- 
bility, Favorite-Anger. 

an"-gi-og'-ra-phy.  A  treatise  upon  the  vascular  system. 
Texture. 

an"-gi-ol'-o-gy.     Treatise  upon  lymphatics.    Texture. 

an'-gle.  An  opening  between  two  intersecting  lines; 
to  try  shyly  or  artfully  to  get.  Angularity,  Trial; 
at  an  angle,  Parallelism-Inclination. 

An'-gli-can-ism.  The  practise  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land.    Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

an'-gling.     Fishing  with  a  rod.     Quest-Evasion. 

an'-gri-ly.  In  an  angry  manner.  Favorite-Anger, 
Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

an'-gry.  Inflamed.  Favorite-Anger,  Favorite- 
Quarrelsomeness;  angry  mood,  Favorite-Anger. 

anguille  [F.]  (an*-gwiy').  An  eel.  rompre  Vanguille  ait 
genou  (ron'pr  lenr-gwiy'  o  zhe-nu').  To  break  an 
eel  across  the  knee.  Might-Impotence,  Possibility- 
Impossibility. 

an-guM'-li-form.  Having  the  appearance  of  an  eel. 
Circle-Winding,  Lamina-Fiber. 

unguis  [L.]  (air'-gwis).  A  snake,  anguis  in  herba 
(an"'-gwis  in  her'-ba).  A  snake  in  the  grass,  Refuge- 
Pitfall. 

an'-guish.  Mental  distress.  Pleasure-Pain,  Sensu- 
ality-Suffering. 

an'-gu-lar.  Having  an  angle.  Angularity;  angular 
velocity,  Movement-Rest. 

an"-gu-lar'-i-ty.     Irregular.     Angularity. 

ANGULARITY. 

Aduncity.     Inward  curvature .  hookedness 

Angle.     The  figure  made  by  two  lines  which  meet  at  a  point  called 

the  vertex.  . 

Angularity.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  angular  or  sharp-cornered. 
Angularness.     The  quality  of  being  angular. 
Bend.     Deflection  from  a  straight  line,  a  crook  or  curve. 
Bifurcation.     A  forking  or  separation  into  two  branches 
Corner.     Point  formed  by  intersecting  surfaces. 
Crotch,      Point  of  division 
Cusp      One  of  the  horns  of  the  crescent  moon.     That  point  of  a 

curved  line  where  the  generating  point  stops  and  moves  hackwara. 


Fold,  etc.     See  Plicaturb. 

Fork.     The  place  where  a  division  or  divergence  occurs;  a  crotch. 

Obliquity,  etc.     Deviation  from  a  perpendicular  or  from  a  right  line 

by    any   angle   except   a   right   angle,    etc.     See    Parallelism* 

Inclination. 

Angularity — Denotations. 

Ankle;  crane,  a  hoisting-machine,  a  siphon,  crutch;  elbow;  fluke, 
the  part  of  an  anchor  which  catches  hold  on  the  bottom  groin; 
knee ;  knuckle;  niche,  a  recess,  as  in  a  wall,  nook  oriel,  a  window 
projecting  outward  from  a  wall  and  resting  on  a  bracket,  recess; 
scythe,  sickle;  zigzag. 

Angularity — Scientific  Terms. 

Acute  angle.     An  angle  less  than  a  right  angle. 

Altimetry.     The  art  of  measuring  vertical  angular  elevations. 

Angle  of  45°.     Half  a  right  angle. 

Angular  distance.     The  angle  made  at  a  given  point  by  lines  drawn 

to  it  from  two  objects. 
Angular  elevation.     In  gunnery,  the  angle  which  the  axis  of  the  gun 

makes  with  the  horizon. 
Angular  measurement.     Measurement  in  angles. 
Angular  velocity.     The  rate  at  which  an  angle  increases. 
Clinometer.     An  instrument  for  measuring  angular  inclination. 
Cotangent.     A  trigonometric  function. 
Cube.     A  solid  body  bounded  by  six  equal  square  sides. 
Decagon.     A  plane  figure  with  ten  angles  and  ten  sides. 
Diamond.     A  figure  bounded  by  four  equal  straight  sides  and  having 

two  of  its  interior  angles  acute  and  two  obtuse. 
Dichotomy.     Separation  into  two  parts  or  branches;  forking. 
Dodecahedron.     A  solid  having  twelve  plane  faces. 
Goniometer.     An  instrument  for  measuring  angles. 
Goniometry.     The  art  of  measuring  angles. 

Graphometer.     Instrument  used  by  surveyors  in  measuring  angles. 
Heptagon.     A  plane  figure  having  seven  angles  and  seven  sides. 
Hexagon.     A  plane  figure  having  six  angles  and  six  sides. 
Hexahedron,     A  solid  bounded  by  six  plane  faces 
Icosahedron.     A  solid  bounded  by  twenty  plane  faces. 
Lozenge.     A  parallelogram  having  its  four  sides  equal  and  with  two 

of  its  interior  angles  acute  and  two  obtuse. 
Miter.     The  junction  of  two  bodies  upon  a  line  bisecting  the  angle 

of  junction,  as  at  the  corner  of  a  picture  frame. 
Obtuse  angle.     An  angle  greater  than  a  right  angle. 
Octagon.     A  plane  figure  having  eight  angles  and  eight  sides. 
Octahedron.     A  solid  bounded  by  eight  plane  faces. 
Octant.     Eighth  of  a  circle. 

Parallelogram.     A  quadrilateral  whose  opposite  sides  are  parallel. 
Parallelopiped.     A  prism  bounded  by  six  faces,  all  parallelograms. 
Pentagon.     A  plane  figure  having  five  angles  and  five  sides. 
Pentahedron.     A  solid  bounded  by  five  plane  faces 


ANGULARITY. 


46 


ANIMATION. 


Platonic  bodies.     Five  geometrical  solids,  the  regular  tetrahedron, 

the  cube,  the  octahedron,  the  dodecahedron  and  the  icosahedron. 
Polygon.     A  plane  figure  having  many  angles  and  sides 
Prism.     A  solid  whose  bases  are  any  similar,  equal  and  parallel 

plane  figures,  and  whose  lateral  faces  are  parallelograms. 
Pyramid.     A  solid  whose  base  is  a  polygon  and  whose  lateral  faces 

are  triangles  meeting  at  a  point  called  the  vertex. 
Quadrangle.     A  plane  figure  having  four  angles  and  four  sides. 
Quadrant.     An  arc  of  ninety  degrees.    - 
Quadrature.     The  relative  position  of  two  heavenly  bodies  distant 

from  each  other  ninety  degrees  as  viewed  from  the  center  of  a 

third  body. 
Quadrilateral.     A  plane  figure  bounded  by  four  straight  lines  and 

having  four  angles. 
Rectangle.     A  parallelogram  having  four  right  angles. 
Reentering  angle.     An  angle  in  a  fortification,  the  vertex  of  which 

is  turned  towards  the  protected  place. 
Rhomb.     A  parallelogram  having  equal  sides  and  oblique  angles. 
Rhomboid.     A  parallelogram  having  its  opposite  sides  equal,  but 

containing  no  right  angle. 
Right  angle*  etc.     An  angle  whose  sides  are  perpendicular  to  each 

other,  etc.     See  Erectness. 
Salient  angle.     An  angle  in  a  fortification,  the  point  of  which  is 

turned  away  from  the  protected  place. 
Sextant.     An  arc  of  sixty  degrees.     An  instrument  for  measuring 

angular  distances 
Spherical  angle.     An  angle  made  by  the  intersection  of  two  great 

circles,  which  mutually  cut  each  either  on  the  surface  of  a  globe. 
Square      A  figure  with  four  equal  sides  and  four  right  angles. 
Tetrahedron.     A  solid  bounded  by  four  triangles. 
Theodolite.     An    instrument    used    for   measuring   horizontal    and 

vertical  angles. 
Triangle.     Plane  figure  having  three  sides  and  three  angles. 
Trigon,     A  triangle;   the  triangle  of  reference  employed  in  trilinear 

coordinates. 
Trigonometry.     The  branch  of  mathematics  that  treats  of  the  rela- 
tions of  the  sides  and  angles  of  triangles. 
Wedge.     A  right  triangular  prism  with  one  very  acute  angle. 

Angularity — Verbs. 

Bend.     Deflect  from  a  straight  line. 
Bifurcate.     Separate  into  two  branches. 
Crinkle.     Form  wrinkles,  bends  or  folds. 
Fork.     Separate  into  diverging  parts. 

Angularity — Adjectives. 

Aduncous.     Bent  like  a  hook;  hooked. 

Akimbo.     Having  the  hands  on  the  hips  and  the  elbows  bent  sharply 

outward . 
Angular.     Having  an  angle  or  angles;  measured  by  an  angle. 
Aquiline.     Hooked;  curving. 
Bent.     Turned  from  a  straight  line. 
Bifurcate .     Forked . 

Crinkled.     Formed  with  folds,  ridges  or  wrinkles. 
Crooked.     Having  angles;  not  straight. 
Cubical.     Having  the  shape  or  properties  of  a  cube. 
Cuneiform.     Wedge -shaped. 

Dovetailed.     Interlocked  by  wedge-shaped  tenons  and  spaceg. 
Falcated.     Sickle-shaped;    scythe-shaped. 
Falciform.     Falcate ;  having  the  shape  of  a  scythe  or  sickle. 
Forked.     Divided  into  diverging  parts  like  a  fork. 
Furcated.     Forked. 


Fusiform,     Spindle-shaped;  tapering  at  each  end. 

Geniculated.     Having  knee-like  joints. 

Jagged.     Having  ragged  edges  or  notches. 

Kimbo.     Crooked;  bent. 

Knock-kneed.     Having  the  knees  bent  inward. 

Multilateral.     Having  many  sides  and  consequently  many  angles. 

Oblique,  etc.     Neither  parallel  to,  nor  at  right  angles  from  the  base 

Polygonal,  etc.     Having  many  angles,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Pyramidal.     Of  or  like  a  pyramid. 

Quadrangular.     Having  four  angles. 

Quadrilateral.     Formed  by  four  sides  and  having  four  angles. 

Rectangular.     Having  one  or  more  right  angles. 

Rhomboidal.     Having  the  shape  of  a  rhomboid. 

Scalene.     Having  no  two  sides  equal,  said  of  triangles. 

Serrated.     Notched  along  the  edge  like  a  saw. 

Square.     Having  four  right  angles  and  four  equal  sides. 

Triangular.     Having  three  angles  and  three  sides;    bounded  by  a 

triangle. 
Trigonal.     Having  three  angles;  three-cornered. 
Trilateral.     Having  three  sides. 
Uncinated.     Hooked. 

Wedge-shaped.     Having  the  shape  of  a  wedge. 
Zigzag.     Having  short  turns  or  angles  alternating  in  a  series  from 

side  to  side. 


an'-gu-lar-ness.    State  of  being  angular.    Angularity. 

angitsta  res  domt  [L.]  (an-gus'-ta  riz  do'-mai).  In 
difficult  circumstances.     Affluence-Penury. 

an"-gus-ta'-tion.  Contraction.  Breadth-Narrow- 
ness. 

an"-he-la'-tion.  Shortness  of  breath.  Weariness- 
Refreshment. 

an-hy'-drous.     Waterless.      Dampness-Dryness. 

an'-ile.  Like  an  old  woman.  Infancy-Age,  Sagacity 
Incapacity. 

an'-i-line.  A  colorless  oily  compound.  Aniline  dyes, 
Yellowness-Purple. 

a-nil'-i-ty.  Old-womanishness.  Infancy-Age,  Si- 
gacity-Incapacity. 

an"-i-mad-ver'-sion.  Criticism.  Approval-Disap- 
proval. 

an"-i-mad-vert\  To  observe;  to  censure.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Heed-Disregard,  Reflection-Va- 
cancy. 

an'-i-mal.  A  sentient  living  being;  pertaining  to  an 
animal.  Fauna-Flora;  animal  cries,  Cry-Ulula- 
tion;  animal  economy,  Life-Death;  animal  grati- 
fication, Sensuality-Suffering;  animal  life,  Ani- 
mality-Vegetability;  animal  physiology,  Zoology- 
Botany;  animal  spirits,  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 

TION. 

an"-i-mar-cule.     An  animal  of  microscopic  smallness. 

Fauna-Flora,  Greatness-Littleness,  Magnitude- 

Smallness. 
an'-i-mal-ism.     State  of  mere  animals.     Moderation- 

Selfindulgence. 
an"-i-mal'-i-ty.      Nature  of  an   animal.      Animality- 

Vegetability. 


ANIMALITY— VEGETABILITY. 


Animality.     The  nature  or  state  of  an  animal. 

Ammalization.     The   act   of  endowing  with   the   properties  of  an 

animal 
Animal  life.     The  potential  force,  or  principle  by  which  the  organs 

of  animals  are  started  and  continued  in  the  performance  of  their 

functions. 
Animation.     The  act  of  giving  life  or  spirit. 
Breath.     Air  inhaled  or  exhaled  during  respiration. 
Flesh.     The  softer  tissues  of  an  animal  body. 
Flesh  and  blood.      Animal  nature. 

Physique  IF.]      The  physical  structure  of  persons  or  animals. 
Strength.     Physical  vigor.     See  Strength. 


Vegetable  life.     The  principle  by  which  plant  organs  are  started  and 

continued  in  their  functions. 
Vegetability.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  vegetable. 
Vegetation.     The  act  of  growing  as  a  plant  does. 

Vegetability — Adjectives. 
Lush.     Full  of  juice. 
Rank.     Luxuriant  in  growth. 


ANIMALITY— Continued. 

Animaltty — Adjective. 
Fleshly.     Pertaining  to  the  animal  nature ;  corporeal;  carnal. 


an"-i-mal-i-za'-tion.     Act   of  making  animals.     Ani- 

mality-Vegetability. 
an'-i-mate.     To  impart  life  to.     Excitation,  Light- 

heartedness-Dejection,  Motive-Capricis. 


an'-i-ma"-ted.  Enlivened.  Activity-Indolence,  Life- 
Death,  Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

an"-i-ma'-tion.  State  of  possessing  life;  liveliness  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence,   Animality-Vegetability,    Ex- 


ANIMATION. 


47 


ANTAGONISM— CONCURRENCE. 


citation,  Life-Death,  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion;  suspended  animation,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

anitno,  ex  [L.]  (an'-i-mo,  ex).  Readily.  Readiness- 
Reluctance. 

animo,  quo  [L.]  (an'-i-mo,  quo).  With  what  intention. 
Purpose-Luck. 

an"-i-mos'-i-ty.  Hatred.  Amity-Hostility,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Favorite-Anger,  Love-Hate. 

an'-i-mus.  The  animating  thought.  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Purpose-Luck,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

an'-i-on.  The  electro-negative  constituent  of  a  decom- 
posed substance,  appearing  at  the  anode.  Electric- 
ity. 

an'-kle.  Joint  connecting  the  foot  and  leg.  Anatomy, 
Angularity;  ankle-deep,  Deepness-Shallowness. 

an'-klet.  An  ornamental  ring  for  the  ankle.  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement. 

an'-nal-ist.  A  historian.  Chronology-Anachronism, 
Recorder. 

an'-nals.  Record  of  events.  Account,  Chronology- 
Anachronism,  Mark-Obliteration. 

an-neal'.    To  reduce  the  brittleness  of.    Preparation- 

NON  PREPARATION. 

an-nex'.  To  join.  Addition-Subtraction,  Union- 
Disunion. 

an"-nex-a'-tion.  An  adding  to.  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion, Union-Disunion. 

annexe  [F.]  (an-nex').  That  which  is  added.  Incre- 
ment-Remnant. 

an-nex'-ion.    Construct  relation.    Union-Disunion. 

an-ni'-hi-late.  To  put  out  of  existence.  Creation- 
Destruction,  Substance-Nullity. 

an-ni"-hi-la'-ted.    Destroyed.    Substance-Nullity. 

an-ni"-hi-la'-tion.  Destruction.  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Substance-Nullity. 

an"-ni-ver'-sa-ry.  Annual  celebration  of  some  event. 
Periodicity-Irregularity. 

anno  [L.]  (an'-no).  In  the  year.  Duration-Never- 
ness. 

an'-no-tate.  To  supply  with  comments.  Interpreta- 
tion-Misinterpretation. 

an"-no-ta'-tion .  Act  of  making  notes;  comments.  In- 
terpretation-Misinterpretation, Sign. 

an'-nc-ta"-tor.    A  commentator.    Interpreter. 

an-not'-to.  A  yellowish-red  dye.  Redness-Green- 
ness. 

an-nounce'.  To  proclaim  publicly.  Assertion-De- 
nial, Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Prophecy,  Pub- 
licity. 

an-nounce'-ment.  Publication.  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy, Prevision,  Publicity. 

an-noy'.  To  be  troublesome  to.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Goodness-Badness,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness. 

an-noy'-ance.  That  which  causes  trouble.  Goodness- 
Badness,  Love-Hate,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness,  Pleasure-Pain;  source  of  annoyance,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness. 

an'-nu-al.  Yearly;  a  book  issued  yearly.  Fauna- 
Flora,  Missive-Publication,  Periodicity-Irregu- 
larity. 

an-nu'-i-ty.    An  annual  income.    Outlay-Income. 

an-nul'.  To  render  void.  Commission-Abrogation, 
Creation-Destruction. 


an-nul'-ment.  A  making  void.  Commission-Abroga- 
tion. 

an'-nu-lar.    Ring-shaped.    Circle-Winding. 

an'-nu-let.  A  small  ring.  Architecture,  Circle- 
Winding. 

an'-nu-lus.    A  ring.    Circle-Winding. 

an-nun'-ci-ate.  To  make  known  publicly.  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy. 

an-nun'-ci-a'-tion.  A  proclamation.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 

annus  magnus  [L.]  (an'-nus  mag'-nus).  The  time  in 
which  the  constellations  return  to  the  same  place. 
Period-Progress. 

an'-ode.  The  positive  voltaic  pole  of  a  galvanic  battery. 
Electricity. 

an'-o-dyne.  Anything  that  relieves  pain,  or  calms  the 
feelings.  Alleviation-Aggravation,  Remedy- 
Bane,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

an-oint'.  To  pour  oil  upon  in  sign  of  consecration. 
Cover-Lining,  Friction-Lubrication,  Pulpiness- 
Oiliness. 

an-oint'-ed.  A  consecrated  person.  Chief-Under- 
ling, Divinity. 

an-oint'-ment.    Consecration.    Friction-Lubrication, 

PuLPINESS-OlLINESS. 

a-nom"-a-lis'-tic.  Irregular.  Astronomy,  Conven- 
tion ality-Unconventionality. 

a-nom'-a-lous.  Exceptional.  Conventionality-Un- 
conventionality,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

a-nom'-a-lous-ness.  State  of  being  anomalous.  Con- 
vention ality-Unconventionality. 

a-nom'-a-ly.  Irregularity.  Astronomy,  Convention- 
ale y-Unconventionality,  Regularity-Irregu- 
larity. 

a-non'.    Soon.    Earliness-Lateness. 

a-non'-y-mous.  Not  disclosing  a  name.  Name-Mis- 
nomer. 

an'-o-rex-y.    Loss  of  appetite.    Desire-Distaste. 

an-oth'-er.  Not  the  same.  Recurrence,  Variation; 
another  time,  Time;  go  upon  another  tack,  Bigotry- 
Apostasy;  tell  another  story,  Evidence-Counter- 

EVIDENCE. 

an'-swer.  To  make  reply  to.  Gain-Loss,  Interpre- 
tation-Misinterpretation, Investigation-An- 
swer, Litigation,  Proof-Disproof,  Success-Fail- 
ure; answer  for,  Credit-Debt,  Engagement- 
Release,  Representative  ;  answer  one's  turn,  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness;  answer  the  helm,  Insubordi- 
nation-Obedience; answer  the  purpose,  Success- 
Failure';  answer  to,  Connection-Independence; 
I'll  answer  for  it,  Assertion-Denial;  require  an 
answer,  Investigation-Answer. 

an'-swer-a-ble.  Liable  to  be  called  to  account.  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Credit-Debt,  Duty-Dere- 
liction. 

an'-swer-ing.    Replying.    Investigation-Answer. 

ant.    An  insect.    Agent. 

an'-tae.  Pilasters  opposite  one  another.  Architec- 
ture.. 

An-tae'-us.  A  mythological  giant.  Greatness- 
Littleness,  Strength-Weakness. 

an-tag'-o-nism.  Mutual  opposition.  Antagonism- 
Concurrence,  Cooperation-Opposition,  Same- 
ness-Contrast. 


ANTAGONISM— CONCURRENCE. 


Absence  of  aid.     Lack  of  help.     See  Obstruction-Help. 
Antagonism.     Opposition  of  action. 
Clashing.     Opposition  of  views,  interests,  or  purposes. 
Collision.     A  state  of  opposition. 
Competition.     Common  strife  for  the  same  object. 
Conflict.     A  strife  for  the  mastery. 
Contravention.     A  meeting  in  the  way  of  opposition. 
Counteraction.     Action  in  opposition.     See  Cooperation-Opposi- 
tion. 


Alliance.     A  union  or  connection  of  interests. 
A  long  pull,  a  strong  pull  and  a  pull  all  together. 
Association.     State  of  being  united  for  a  common  purpose. 
Clanship.     State  of  being  united  together  as  a  clan. 
Coadjutancy.  >Jointhel 
Coadjuvancy.  J 

Coagency.     State  of  working  together. 

Coalition.     A  voluntary  union  for  the  support  of  some  common 
policy  or  action. 


ANTAGONISM. 


48 


ANTAGONISM. 


ANTAGONISM—  CONCURRENCE— Continued. 


Counterplot.     A  plot  or  artifice  opposed  to  another. 

Crossfire.     Lines  of  fire  from  two  or  more  points;  hence,  a  dangerous 

obstruction. 
Emulation.     Zealous  rivalry. 
Head  wind.     A  contrary  or  opposing  wind;  hence,  an  obstruction 

or  hindrance. 
Hindrance.     Anything  that  prevents  movement  or  action. 
Impugnation.     Act  of  attacking  by  words  or  arguments. 
Opposition.     An  attempt  to  check,  restrain  or  defeat. 
Oppugnancy.     Act  of  being  in  conflict  with. 
Oppugnation.     Opposition. 
Ra^e.     A  trial  of  speed,  strength,  etc. 
Resistance.     Act  of  opposing  or  striving  against. 
Restraint.     See  Release-Restraint. 
Rivalry.     The  state  of  being  in  competition  with. 
Two  of  a  trade.     Rivals. 
Undercurrent.     A  hidden  obstruction,  or  secret  antagonism. 

Antagonism — Verbs. 

Antagonize.     To  contend  or  struggle  with. 

Belie.     To  contradict. 

Breast.     To  encounter  or  oppose. 

Confront.     To  stand  up  against. 

Contradict.     To  deny  or  oppose  in  speech. 

Contravene.     To  obstruct  or  prevent  action. 

Control,  etc.     To  hold  in  power  or  check.     See  Release-Restraint. 

Counteract.     To  work  in  opposition. 

Countermine.     To  obstruct  the  work  of  another  secretly. 

Counterwork.     To  work  against. 

Disfavor.     To  disapprove. 

Emulate.     To  strive  to  excel.     See  Strife. 

Encounter.     To  come  against  face  to  face. 

Face.     To  meet  for  the  purpose  of  stopping. 

Hinder.     To  prevent  movement  or  action. 

Oppose.     To  act  against. 

Oppugn.     To  fight  against. 

Overthwart.     To  cross;  to  oppose. 

Rival.     To  strive  with  another  to  excel. 

Stem.     To  resist  or  make  progress  against. 

Thwart.     To  run  counter  to. 

Withstand.     To  stand  against.     See  Reprisal-Resistance. 

Antagonism — Verbal  Expressions. 

Beat  against;  be  at  cross  purposes;  beat  up  against;  breast  the  cur- 
rent; breast  the  flood;  breast  the  tide;  buffet  the  waves;  come  in 
conflict  with;  contend  against;  contend  with;  cope  with;  do  battle 
against;  do  battle  with;  fall  foul  of;  fly  in  the  face  of;  go  against; 
go  dead  against;  grapple  with;  kick  against;  kick  against  the  pricks; 
make  a  dead  set;  make  a  stand  against;  make  head  against;  mili- 
tate against;  pit  against;  pitch  against;  play  at  cross  purposes; 
raise  one's  voice  against;  run  against;  run  counter  to;  set  against; 
set  at  naught;  set  oneself  against;  set  one's  face  against;  slam  the 
door  in  one's  face;  slap  in  the  face;  spoil  one's  trade;  stem  the 
current;  stem  the  flood;  stem  the  tide;  turn  one's  back  upon; 
vote  against. 

Antagonism — Adjectives. 

Adverse.     Opposed  or  opposing. 

Antagonistic.     Working  against  each  other. 

At  daggers  drawn.     In  hostile  state. 

At  issue.     In  dispute. 

At  variance.     Not  in  agreement. 

At  war  with.     Contending  against. 

Competitive.     Characterized  by  rivalry. 

Contrary.     In  opposition  to.     See  Sameness-Contrast. 

Cross.     Adverse  to. 

Emulous.     Eager  to  excel  another. 

Front  to  front.     Directly  opposing. 

Hostile.     Showing  the  disposition  of  an  enemy. 

In  hostile  array.     Ready  for  combat. 

Inimical.     At  enmity  with. 

OPPOsed.   |  Worki       against.     See  Verbs. 

Opposing.  J  **  ^ 

Resistant.    In  an  oDposing  manner.    See  Reprisal-Resistance. 

Unfavorable.     Contrary;  discouraging. 

Unfriendly.     Not  adapted  to  promote  or  support  any  object. 

Unpropitious.     Not  favorable. 

Up  in  arms.     In  active  opposition, 

With  crossed  bayonets.     In  conflict. 

Antagonism — Particles,  Phrases 

Across.     Over  against. 
Against.     In  opposition  to 


Coefiiciency.     The  cooperation  of  two  or  more  parties  or  forces  for 

the  attainment  of  some  end. 
Colleagueship.     Partnership  in  office. 

Collusion.     Secret  cooperation  for  some  fraudulent  purpose. 
Combination.     A  union.     See  Composition. 
Complicity.     State  of  being  an  accomplice. 
Concert.     Combination  of  forces  or  powers. 
Concord,  etc.     Union  of  feeling.     See  Variance-Accord. 
Concurrence.     Agreement  or  consent,  implying  aid  or  contribution 
Confederation,  etc .     A  combination  for  mutual  advantage  or  benefit 

See  Association.     A  league  among  states. 
Cooperation.     Act  of  working  together  to  accomplish  some  end. 
Copartnership.     State  of  having  a  joint  interest  in  anything. 
Esprit  de  corps  [F.].     The  common  spirit  pervading  the  members  of 

an  association. 
Freemasonry.     The  practises  of  Freemasons. 
Joint  stock.      Held  in  company. 
Log  rolling.     A  joining  together  of  politicians  to  promote  each 

other's  schemes. 
Participation.     Act  of  sharing  in  common  with  others. 
Partizanship.     Feelings  or  conduct  appropriate  to  a  partizan. 
Party  spirit.     The  spirit  or  temper  which  binds  men  together  is 

support  of  a  common  cause. 
Unanimity.     Quality  of  being  of  one  mind.     See  Assent. 
Union,  etc.     A  cooperation.     See  Union. 

Concurrence — Verbs. 

Collude.     To  work  together  secretly. 

Combine.     To  unite  for  the  attainment  of  a  common  object. 
Concert.     To  act  together  or  agree. 
Concur.     To  agree. 

Conduce.     To  help  to  bring  about.     See  Cooperation. 
Confederate.     To  associate  or  unite;  to  league  together. 
Conspire.     To  work  together  secretly,  usually  for  some  evil  purpose. 
Cooperate.     To  work  together  for  some  common  purpose. 
Fraternize.     To  unite  in  fellowship;  to  act  as  brothers. 
Participate.     To  take  part  in. 

Second,  etc.     To  attend  for  the  purpose  of  assisting.     See  Obstruct 
tion-Help. 

Concurrence — Verbal  Expressions. 

Act  in  concert;  band  together;  be  a  party  to;  bear  part  in;  be  banded 
together;  be  in  league  with;  be  in  the  same  boat;  cast  in  one's  lot 
with;  cling  to  one  another;  club  together;  come  into  the  views  of; 
come  to;  draw  together;  enter  into  partnership;  espouse  a  cause; 
espouse  a  quarrel;  follow  the  lead  of;  go  along;  go  hand  in  hand; 
hang  together;  have  a  finger  in  the  pie;  have  a  hand  in  the  pie; 
hold  together;  hunt  in  couples;  join  forces;  join  hands;  join  part- 
nership with;  keep  together;  lay  one's  heads  together;  league 
together;  lend  oneself  to;  make  common  cause  with;  mix  oneself 
up  with;  pass  ovei  to;  play  into  the  hands  of;  play  the  game  of; 
pull  together;  put  shoulder  to  shoulder;  rally  round;  row  in  the 
same  boat;  sail  in  the  same  boat;  sail  on  the  same  tack;  side  with; 
stand  shoulder  to  shoulder;  strike  in  with;  take  part  in;  take  part 
with;  take  sides  with;  take  the  part  of;  understand  one  another 
unite  one's  efforts;  unite  with. 

Concurrence — Adjectives. 

Cooperating,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Favorable  to,  etc.     See  Obstruction-Help. 

In  cooperation,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

In  league,  etc.     See  Association. 

Unopposed,  etc.     See  Antagonism. 

Concurrence — Adverbs. 

As  one  man,  etc.     Unanimously.     See  Assent. 
Shoulder  to  shoulder.     In  union  of  power. 


ANTAGONISM — Particles.  Phrases — Continued. 


See  Verbs 


Against  the  current. 
Against  the  grain. 
Against  the  stream. 
Against  the  tide. 
Against  the  wind. 
At  cross  purposes.     See  Verbs. 
Athwart*     Lying  across  one's  path. 
Counter  to.     In  opposition  to- 
Even.     Yet. 


ANTAGONISM. 


49 


ANTAGONIZE. 


ANTAGONISM— Particles,  Phrases— Continued. 


In  conflict  with. 

*  |  Notwithstanding, 


Against  the  strongest  opposition. 


In  despite 

In  spite. 

In  spite  of  one's  teeth 

In  the  face  of. 

In  the  teeth  of. 

In  the  way  of. 

Overthwart.     Over  against. 

Antagonism 
Nitor  in  adversum  [h.%     I  struggle  against  adverse  circumstances. 


Per  contra  [L.].     Contrary  to. 

Quand  tn$me  [F.].     Notwithstanding. 

Though.     Notwithstanding  that. 

Versus  [L.].     Against. 

Where  the  shoe  pinches. 

With  a  head  wind. 

With  a  wind  ahead. 

With  the  wind  in  one's  teeth. 

-Phrase. 


an-tag'-o-nist.     One  who  contends  against  another.     Antagonist-Assistant. 


ANTAGONIST— ASSISTANT. 


Adversary.     One  who  is  turned  against  another  with  the  design  to 

oppose  or  resist. 
Adverse  party.     A  person  acting  against  or  in  a  contrary  direction 

to  another. 
Antagonist.     One  who  contends  with  another  in  combat. 
Assailant.     One  who  attacks  or  assaults. 
Brangler.     A  quarrelsome  person. 
Brawler.     One  who  quarrels  noisily  and  outrageously. 
Comoetitor.     One  who  strives  with  another  in  order  to  excel. 
Demagogue.     One  who  opposes  prevailing  rule  to  win  popular  favor. 
Disputant.     One  who  argues  in  opposition  to. 
Enemy.     One  who  hates,  and  desires  or  attempts  the  injury  of 

another.     See  Friend. 
Fenian.     A  member  of  a  secret  Irish  organization  having  for  its  aim 

the  overthrow  of  English  rule  in  Ireland;  hence,  a  plotter  against 

existing  rule. 
Jacobin.     One  of  a  society  of  violent  agitators  in  France,  during  the 

revolution  of  1789;  hence,  a  plotter  against  existing  government. 
Malcontent.     A  discontented  subject  of  a  government. 
Obstructive.     One  who  opposes  or  delays. 
Opponent.     One  who  opposes  in  an  argument  or  combat. 
Opposition.     A  party  opposed  to  a  party  in  power. 
Oppositionist.     One  who  belongs  to  an  opposition  party. 
Reactionist.     One  who  opposes  and  seeks  to  undo  political  progress. 
Rival.     One  striving  to  reach  or  attain  something  which  another  is 

attempting  to  obtain. 
Wrangler.     One  who  disputes  noisily  and  angrily:  an  honor-man  at 

a  university. 


ASSISTANT— Continued  from  Column  2. 
Upholder.     One  who  sustains  or  defends  a  person  or  cause. 
Votary.     One  who  is  devoted  or  consecrated  to  a  special  service. 

Assistant — Associated  Nouns. 

Alter  ego  [L.].     Another  self;  hence,  a  very  dear  friend. 

Ante  damnte  [F  ].     An  instrument  or  tool  of  another  person. 

Candle-holder.  One  who  holds  a  candle;  hence,  an  assistant  of 
little  importance. 

Catspaw.  One  who  is  used  by  another  as  an  instrument  to  accom- 
plish his  purpose. 

Dens  ex  machina  [L.].  A  god  let  down  by  a  machine;  an  inter- 
ference. 

Fidus  Acliates  [L.].     Faithful  Achates;  hence,  a  devoted  friend. 

Guardian  angel.  The  deity  that  watches  over  a  person;  hence,  a 
protector. 

Jackal.  An  animal  supposed  to  kill  game  for  other  animals;  hence, 
one  who  does  work  for  another's  advantage. 

Jack  at  a  pinch.  A  person  who  takes  the  place  of  another  in  an 
emergency. 

Particeps  criminis  [L.J.     A  companion  in  crime. 

Puppet.  A  figure  moved  by  a  wire  in  a  play;  hence,  one  controlled 
in  his  actions  by  the  will  of  another. 

Right  hand.     A  necessary  assistant. 

Satellite.  A  secondary  planet  which  revolves  about  another;  hence, 
an  attendant  attached  to  a  person  of  power. 

Tool.  An  instrument;  hence,  a  person  used  as  an  instrument  by 
another  person. 

Tutelary  genius.  A  protective  spirit;  hence,  a  person  who  protects 
or  defends  another. 

an-tag"-o-nis'-tic.      Opposed.      Antagonism-Concur- 
rence,  Cooperation-Opposition,    Sameness-C  n- 
trast. 
4 


Abettor.  One  who  incites  or  encourages  to  an  act  without  taking 
part  in  its  accomplishment. 

Accessory.  One  who  accompanies  as  a  subordinate,  or  aids  in  a 
secondary  way. 

Accessory  after  the  fact.  A  person  who  knowing  a  crime  to  have 
been  committed  receives  or  assists  the  criminal. 

Accomplice.     One  who  cooperates  or  helps,  especially  in  wrongdoing. 

Adherent.     One  who  is  attached  to  or  follows  a  person  or  party. 

Adjunct.  A  person  associated  with  another  person  in  an  auxiliary 
or  subordinate  relation. 

Adjutant.     An  officer  who  assists  a  commander. 

Adjuvant.     A  helper. 

Advocate.     One  who  pleads  the  cause  of  another. 

Aide-de-camp.     An  officer  who  serves  a  general. 

Ally.  A  person  connected  with  another  in  some  relation  of  help- 
fulness. 

Assistant.     One  regularly  associated  with  another  as  a  helper. 

Associate.     One  who  is  joined  with  another  in  business,  etc. 

Auxiliary.     One  who  aids  or  helps. 

Backer.     One  who  upholds  by  aid  of  money  or  influence. 

Bottle-holder.     One  who  attends  a  pugilist  in  a  prize  fight. 

Champion.     One  who  defends  or  upholds  any  person  or  cause. 

Clerk.     A  hired  assistant  in  an  office. 

Coadjutor.     An  associate  in  action. 

Coadjutrix.     A  female  assistant. 

Collaborator.  One  who  is  associated  with  another,  especially  In 
literary  or  scientific  pursuits. 

Colleague.  An  associate  in  a  board,  commission,  or  professional 
employment. 

Complice.     See  Accomplice. 

Confederate.  One  who  is  united  with  others  in  a  league  or  agree- 
ment. 

Confidant.     One  to  whom  secrets  are  entrusted. 

Confrere  [F.].     A  fellow-member  of  an  organization. 

Cooperator.     One  who  aids  or  works  with  another. 

Friend,  etc.     See  Friend. 

Friend  at  court.     A  friend  who  has  influence. 

Friend  in  need. 

Handmaid.     A  female  servant. 

Help.  -1 

Helper.  (  One  who  gives  help  or  aid ;  one  hired  to  do  the  work 

Helping  hand,  f      of  another. 

Helpmate.         J 

Marshal.     An  officer  who  assists  a  commander. 

Mate.     A  companion  or  associate. 

Mediator.     Any  agent  that  stands  or  goes  between. 

Midwife.     A  woman  who  assists  at  childbirth. 

Pal.     An  associate  in  crime. 

Partizan.  A  person  blindly  or  passionately  attached  to  a  person  or 
party. 

Partner.     An  associate  in  business. 

Patron.     One  who  protects  or  supports  a  person. 

Recruit.     One  who  has  recently  enlisted  in  a  cause. 

Seconder.     An  attendant  who  supports  or  aids  another. 

Secretary.  One  who  attends  to  correspondence  or  does  writing  fof 
another. 

S    tarv      i  ^n  adherent  or  supporter  of  a  particular  sect  or  school. 

Servant,  etc.     See  Chief-Underling. 

(Continued  on  Column  1.) 

an-tag'-o-nize.      To    oppose.      Antagonism-Concur- 
rence,   Cooperation-Opposition,    Sameness-Con 
trast. 


ANTARCTIC. 


50 


ANTERIORIT  I—  POSTERIORITY 


ant-arc'-tic. 

POSITION. 


Opposed  to  arctic.    Laterality-Contra- 


an"-te~ce'-dence.    Act  of  going  before.    Antecedence' 
Sequence,  Precedence-Succession. 


ANTECEDENCE— SEQUENCE. 


Antecedence.     The  state  of  going  before  in  time. 

Anteriority.     The  state  of  being  prior  in  time. 

Precedence.     The  state  of  being  before. 

Precession,  etc.     The  act  of  going  before,  etc.     See  Leading. 

Preexistence.     Existence  prior  to  something. 

Priority.     The  condition  of  being  antecedent. 

The  past,  etc.     See  Future-Past. 

Antecedence — Associated  Words. 

Precursor.     One  who  goes  before. 

Premises.     The  first  two  propositions  of  a  syllogism. 

Antecedence — Verbs. 

Anticipate.     To  take  beforehand;  to  foresee. 

Be  beforehand,  eta.     See  Earliness. 

Come  before. 

Dawn.     To  begin  to  grow  light. 

Forerun.     To  go  in  advance  of. 

Forestall.     To  anticipate. 

Gain  the  start.  "| 

Go  before,  etc.  >See  Leading. 

Have  the  start  J 

Precede.     To  go  before. 

Preexist.     To  exist  previous  to  something  else. 

Presage,  etc.     To  foreknow,  etc.     See  Prophecy. 

Steal  a  march  upon.     To  get  ahead  of. 

Antecedence — Adjectives. 

Above-mentioned.     Spoken  of  before. 

Aforesaid.     Said  before. 

Antecedent.     Going  before  in  time. 

Anterior.     Prior  in  time. 

Before-mentioned.     Named  before. 

Foregoing.     Coming  before. 

Former.     Going  before  in  time. 

Introductory,  etc.     Serving  to  introduce,  etc.     See  Predecessor. 

Precedent.     Going  before. 

Preceding.     See  Verbs. 

Preexistent.     Existing  before  something  else. 

Preexisting.     See  Verbs. 

Previous.     Taking  place  before  something  else. 

Prior.     Preceding  in  time. 

Said.     Previously  mentioned. 

Antecedence — Adverbs. 
Afore.     Before. 
Already.     Previously. 
Before.     In  advance. 
Beforehand.     By  way  of  preparation. 
Before  now. 
Before  then. 

Earlier.     More  timely;  before. 
Ere.     Earlier  or  sooner  than. 
Ere  now.     Before  now. 
Ere  then.     Before  then. 
Erewhile.     Some  time  ago. 

an"-te-ce'-den-cy.  Precedence.  Precedence-Succes- 
sion. 

an"-te-ce'-dent.  Occurring  or  going  before.  Antece- 
dence-Sequence; Precedence-Succession,  Pred- 
ecessor-Continuation. 

an'-te-cham"-ber.  A  waiting  room.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. . 

ante  Christum  [L.]  (an'-ti  kris'-tum).  Before  Christ. 
Duration-Neverness. 

an'-te-date.  An  earlier  date.  Chronology-Anach- 
ronism. 

an"-te-di-lu'-vi-an.  Before  the  flood.  Novelty- 
Antiquity. 


Following,  etc.     Act  of  coming  after.     See  Leading-Following. 

Futurity,  etc.    Time  to  come,  etc.     See  Future. 

Posteriority.     State  of  being  later. 

Remainder.     That  which  is  left  over. 

Reversion.     A  return  to  or  toward  some  former  state  or  condition. 

Sequel,   etc.     A   following   part,    continuation,   etc.     See    Predr 

cessor-Continuation. 
Sequence.     The  state  of  following;  that  which  follows  as  a  result 
Subsequence.     The  state  of  following. 
Succession.     The  act  of  succeeding  or  following  in  order. 
Successor.     One  who  or  that  which  succeeds  or  follows  a  predecessor. 
Supervention.     The  act  or  state  of  following  close  upon  something. 

Sequence — Verbs. 
Come  after. 
Follow,  etc.     To  succeed  in  order  or  in  time      See  Leading-FoL' 

lowing. 
Follow  after. 
Go  after. 

Step  into  the  shoes  of.     To  take  the  place  of. 
Succeed.     To  follow  in  proper  order- 
Supervene.     To  follow  closely  upon. 

Sequence — Adjectives. 
After.     Later  in  time. 
After-dinner.     Post-prandial. 
Following.     See  Verbs. 

Future,  etc.     Pertaining  to  time  to  come,  etc.     See  Future. 
Later.     Longer  delayed. 

Poltdiluvian.}  Happening  since  Noah's  flood. 

Posterior.     Later  in  time  or  place. 

Posthumous.     Born  after  the  father's  death;    published  after  thi 

death  of  the  author. 
Postliminious.     Done  subsequently. 
Postnate.     Subsequent. 

Subsequent.     Coming  after  in  time  or  in  order  of  place. 
Succeeding.     See  Verbs. 

Sequence — Adverbs. 

After;  after  a  time;  after  a  while;  afterwards;  at  a  later  period;  at  a 
subsequent  period;  close  upon;  eftsoons;  from  that  moment; 
from  that  time;  in  the  process  of  time;  in  the  sequel;  later;  next; 
since;  subsequently;  thereafter;  thereupon;  upon  which. 


ANTECEDENCE— Adverbs— Continued. 

On  the  eve  of.     Just  before. 
Previously.     See  Adjectives. 
Prior  to.     Before. 
Theretofore.     Up  to  that  time. 
Yet.     Until  now. 

Antecebence — Phrase. 

Prior  tempore,  prior  jure  [L.].  First  in  time,  first  in  right,  'first 
come,  first  served." 

an'-te-lope.  An  animal  allied  to  the  deer  and  goat. 
Swiftness-Slowness. 

an"-te-mun'-dane.  Occurring  before  the  existence  of 
the  world.    Novelty-Antiquity. 

an-ten'-na.  An  appendage  of  the  head  of  an  insect. 
Touch. 

an"-te-po-si'-tion.  The  placing  of  a  word  before  an- 
other.   Precedence-Succession. 

an-te'-ri-or.  Earlier;  before.  Antecedence-Sequence, 
Anteriority-Posteriority,  Precedence-Succes- 
sion; anterior  to  reason,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

an-te"-ri-or'-i-ty.  Precedence  in  time,  order,  or  place. 
Antecedence-Sequence,  Anteriority-Posterior- 
ity, Precedence-Succession. 


ANTERIORITY— POSTERIORITY. 

Anteriority.     The  state  or  condition   of  preceding  in  time  or  in 

situation. 
Face.     Side  of  an  object  presented  to  view. 
Fore.     That  which  is  in  front 


After-part.     That  which  forms  the  back  of  anything. 
Back.     Part  of  an  object  turned  away  from  its  front. 
Background.     The  part  of  a  scene  which  is  behind  the  principal 
object  of  a  picture. 


ANTERIORITY. 


51 


ANTHROPOPHAG1ST. 


ANTERIORITY— POSTERIORITY— Continued. 


Forepart.     The  part  most  advanced,  or  first  in  time  or  place 

Front.     The  surface  which  seems  to  look  out  or  be  directed  forward. 

Frontage.     Extent  of  front. 

Anteriority — Denotations. 

Advanced  guard.     A  body#of  troops  which  precedes  the  march  of  the 

main  body. 
Beak.     Anything  projecting  or  ending  in  a  point,  as  the  bill  of  a  bird. 
Bow.     The  forward  part  of  a  ship. 
Brow.     The  forehead. 
Countenance.     The  face 

Tji-v"  [  A  projecting,  circular  part  of  anything. 

Facade.     The  front  of  a  building. 

Fascia.     A  band  about  a  column  or  pillar. 

Foreground.     The  part  of  a  scene  represented  which  is  nearest  to 

the  spectator. 
Forehead.     The  front  part  of  the  head. 
Forerank.     The  first  rank. 
Frontispiece.      An  ornamental  picture  fronting  the  first  page  of  a 

book. 
Frontrank.     The  first  rank. 
Mug.     A  slang  expression  for  face. 
Obverse.     One  side  of  a  medal. 
Outpost.     A  guard  in  front  of  an  army. 
Phiz.     The  face 
Physiognomy.     The  outline  of  features. 

Prow'  f  ^ne  *ore  part  °^  a  S*"P* 

Rostrum.     The  beak  or  head  of  a  ship. 

Stem.     A  piece  of  timber  to.  which  the  two  sides  of  a  ship  are  united 

at  the  fore. 
Van.     The  advance  of  a  moving  body. 
Vanguard.     An  advanced  body  of  troops. 
Visage.     The  face. 

Anteriority — Associated  Word. 

Metoposcopy.  The  study  of  the  features  of  -a  person  to  discover 
character. 

Anteriority — Verbs. 

Confront.     To  stand  face  to  face. 
Face.     To  meet  front  to  front. 
Front,     To  have  the  front  towards. 

Anteriority — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  in  front;  bend  forwards;  come  to  the  fore;  come  to  the  front; 
go  to  the  front;  stand  in  front;  stand  in  the  face  of. 

Anteriority — Adjectives. 

Anterior.     Preceding  in  time  or  place. 

Fore.     At  the  front. 

Frontal.     Pertaining  to  the  front;  usually  of  the  head. 

Anteriority — Adverbs. 

Ahead;  before;  before  one's  eyes;  before  one's  face;  face  to  face; 
foremost;  headmost;  in  advance;  in  the  front;  in  the  foreground; 
in  the  lee  of;  in  the  van;  right  ahead. 

Anteriority — Phrases. 

Front  a  front  [F.].      Front  to  front. 
Vis-a-vis  (F.].     Face  to  face. 


Backside.     The  hinder  part. 

Posteriority.     State  of  being  in  the  rear  or  behind. 

Rear.     The  last  part  of  an  object. 

Reverse.     The  back  or  rear  as  distinguished  from  the  front. 

Posteriority — Denotations. 

Breech.     Part  of  a  gun  or  cannon  behind  the  closed  end  of  the  bore. 

Buttock.     The  posterior  and  lower  part  of  the  body. 

Chine.     The  back,  or  back-bone  of  an  animal. 

Croup.     Portion  of  a  horse's  back  behind  the  saddle. 

Crupper.     The  croup. 

Dorsal  region.     The  back. 

Dorsum.     The  back. 

Heel.     The  posterior  part  of  the  foot. 

Heel-piece.     Part  of  a  stocking  which  encloses  the  heel. 

Loins.     Part  of  the  body  between  the  lower  rib  and  the  hip-bone 

Lumbar  region.     The  region  of  the  loins. 

Nape.     The  back  of  the  neck. 

Occiput.     The  lower  back  part  of  the  head. 

Other  side  of  the  shield. 

Poop.     The  stern  of  a  vessel. 

Posteriors.     The  hinder  parts  of  men  and  animals. 

Rear  rank  "  I  ^e  ^ast  part  °^  a  niart:nmB  hody. 

Rump.     The  hinder  parts  of  an  animal. 

Scut.     A  short  tail. 

Stern.     The  back  part  of  a  ship 

Tail.     The  hindermost  part  of  an  animal. 

Train.     That  which  is  drawn  along  behind. 

Wake.     Course  over  which  anything  has  passed. 

Posteriority — Verbal  Phrases. 

Be  behind;  be  in  the  rear;  bend  backwards;  bring  up  the  rear;  fall 
astern. 

Posteriority — Adjectives 

After.     Coming  behind. 

Back.     Behind. 

Caudal.     Pertaining  to  the  tail  of  an  animal. 

Dorsal.     Of.  or  pertaining  to  the  beck. 

Hinder  i  Fer*aining  to  the  rear  part. 

Hindermost.  )  Farth__t  b     k 
Hindmost.     J*artnest  back- 
Lumbar.     Pertaining  to  the  loins. 
Posterior.     Back  or  behind. 
Postern.     Rear 
Rear.     Behind. 

Posteriority— Adverbs. 
Aback.     Backwards. 
Abaft.     At  the  stern  of  a  ship. 
Aft.     In  the  direction  of  the  otern. 
After.     Coming  behind. 
Astern.     Behind  the  stern. 
Behind.     To  the  rear  of. 
Rearward.     Toward  the  back. 
Sternmost.     Farthest  behind. 

Posteriority — Adverbial  Expressions. 

At  the  back  of;  at  the  heels  of;  at  the  tail  of,  back  to  back;  behind 
one's  back;  in  the  background;  in  the  rear. 

Posteriority — Phrase 

Ogni  medaglia  ha  il  suo  rovescio  [It.].     Every  medal  has  its  reverse. 


an'-te-room.     A  waiting-room.     Contents-Receiver. 

an"-te-vert' .    To  tip  forward.    Obstruction-Help. 

an'-them.  A  musical  composition.  Devotion-Idola- 
try. 

an-the'-mi-on.  The  honeysuckle  pattern  in  decorative 
designs.     Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

an-thol'-o-gy.  A  collection  of  extracts  from  various 
authors.     Digest.  Poetry-Prose. 

an'-thra-cite.     Hard  mineral  coal.    Combustible. 

an-throp'-ic.    Human.    Male-Female. 

an"-thropog'-e-ny.     The  science  of  man.     Humanity. 

an"-thro-pog'-ra-phy.  Descriptive  anthropology-.  Eth- 
nology, Humanity. 


an'-thro-poid .    Manlike.    Humanity. 

an"-thro-po-log'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  man  in  any  aspect. 
Ethnology. 

an"-thro-pol'-o-gist.  A  student  of  anthropology.  Eth- 
nology. 

an"-thro-pol-o-gy.  The  science  of  man.  Ethnology, 
Humanity,  Zoology-Botany.  , 

an'-thro-po-man"-cy.  Divination  by  inspection  of 
human  entrails.    Prophecy. 

an"-thro-poph'-a-gi .  Eater  of  human  flesh.  Bene- 
factor-Evildoer. 

an"-thro-poph'-a-gist.  A  cannibal.  Benefactor-Evil- 
doer. 


ANTHROPOPHOBIA. 


52 


APATHETIC. 


an"-thro-po-pho'-bi-a.  Unreasonable  aversion  to  so- 
ciety.   Sociability-Privacy. 

an"-thro-pos'-co-py.  Art  of  determining  a  man's  char- 
acter from  physical  features.     Prophecy. 

an"-thro-pos'-o-phy.  Wisdom  about  man.  Eth- 
nology, Humanity. 

an'-tic.    A  funny  action.  Entertainment-Weariness. 

aniichambre  [F.]  (an'-ti-shan'br').  An  antechamber. 
jaire  aniichambre  (fer  an'-ti-shcuvbr').  To  dance 
attendance.     Earliness-Lateness. 

An'-ti-christ.  A  false  Christ.  Orthodoxy-Heter- 
odoxy. 

an"-ti-chris'-tian.  Opposed  to  Christ  or  Christianity. 
Godliness-Disbelief,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

an"-ti-chris"-ti-an'-i-ty.  Anything  antichristian.  God- 
liness-Disbelief. 

an-tich'-ro-nism.  Deviation  from  the  true  order  of 
time.    Chronology-Anachronism. 

an-tic'-i-pate.  To  foresee;  to  look  forward  to;  to  act 
sooner  than.  Antecedence-Sequence,  Chro- 
nology-Anachronism, Earliness-Lateness,  Ex- 
pectation-Surprise, Future-Past,  Preparation- 
Non preparation,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

an-tic"-i-pa'-tion.  Act  of  anticipating.  Chronology- 
Anachronism,  Earliness-Lateness,  Expectation- 
Surprise,  Preparation-Nonpreparation,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness. 

an-tic'-i-pa-to-ry.  Anticipating.  Earliness-Lateness. 

an"-ti-cli'-max.  A  sudden  descent;  decrease  in  the 
importance  of  what  is  said.  Adage-Nonsense, 
Increase-Decrease,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

an-ti-cli'-nal.  Forming  a  bend  with  the  convex  side 
upward.    Parallelism-Inclination. 

an"-ti-cline'.  Strata  dipping  in  opposite  directions. 
Geology. 

an'-ti-dote.  Anything  that  will  counteract  the  effects 
of  poison.    Remedy-Bane. 

an"-ti-grop'-e-los.  Water-proof  leggings.  Dress- 
Undress. 

an'-ti-he"-lix .  The  round  ridge  of  the  inner  ear. 
Anatomy. 

an"-ti-log'-a-rithm.  The  number  corresponding  to  a 
given  logarithm.     Number. 

an-til'-o-gy.  Self-contradiction.  Ratiocination- 
Casuistry. 

an'-ti-mo-ny.  A  silver-white  metallic  element,  largely 
used  in  medicine.    Remedy-Bane. 

an"-ti-no'-mi-an.  Pertaining  to  the  doctrine  that  faith 
frees  the  man  from  the  claims  of  the  moral  law. 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

an-tin'-o-my.  Self-contradiction  in  law.  Law-Law- 
lessness. 

An-tin'-o-us.  A  part  of  the  constellation  Aquila,  named 
after  a  handsome  page  of  the  Emperor  Hadrian. 
Beauty-Ugliness. 

an"-ti-par'-al-lel.  Parallel  but  running  in  opposite 
directions.     Parallelism-Inclination. 

an-tip'-a-thy.  Aversion  or  dislike.  Desire-Distaste, 
Love-Hate. 

ar.'-ti-phon.  An  alternation  of  responses,  generally 
musical.  Devotion-Idolatry,  Investigation- 
Answer,  Music. 

an-tiph'-o-ny.  An  alternating  anthem.  Investiga- 
tion-Answer. 

an-tiph'-ra-sis.    Irony.    Word-Neology. 

an-tip'-o-dal.   Opposed.   Laterality-Contraposition. 

an-tip"-o-de'-an.    Antipodal.    Sameness-Contrast. 

an-tip'-o-des.  A  place  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  earth ; 
exactly  opposite.  Laterality-Contraposition, 
Remoteness-Nearness,  Sameness-Contrast. 

an"-ti-qua'-ri-an.  A  student  of  antiquities.  Future- 
Past,  Scholar-Dunce. 

an"-ti-qua'-ri-an-ism.  The  tastes  or  pursuits  of  the 
antiquary.     Future-Past. 


an'-ti-qua-ry.  A  student  of  antiquity  from  a  particular 
point  of  view.  Future-Past,  Recorder,  Scholar- 
Dunce. 

anliquas  vias,  super  siare  [L.]  (an-tai'-quas  vai'-as, 
siu'-per  ste'-ri).  To  stand  in  the  old  ways.  Con- 
servation, Habit-Desuetude. 

an'-ti-qua"-ted.    Out  of  date.    Infancy-Age. 

an-tique'.    Old.    Novelty-Antiquity. 

an-tique'-ness.    Oldness.    Future-Past. 

an-tiq'-ui-ty.  Ancient  times.  Future-Past,  Novelty- 
Antiquity. 

an-ti-scrip'-tur-al.  Opposed  to  the  principles  or  doc- 
trines of  Scripture.    Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

an"-ti-sep'-tic.  Anything  that  destroys  the  growth  of 
putrefactive  organs.     Remedy-Bane. 

an-ti-so'-cial.    Averse  to  society.     Humanitarianism- 

MlSANTHROPY. 

an'-ti-spast.  A  metrical  foot  consisting  of  an  iambus 
and  a  trochee.     Poetry-Prose.     < 

an-tis'-tro-phe.  The  lines  of  an  ode  sung  by  a  chorus 
in  returning  from  left  to  right.  Poetry-Prose, 
Rhetoric 

an-tith'-e-sis.  A  figure  of  speech  in  which  contrasted 
words  are  balanced  against  each  other.  Purity- 
Crudeness,  Rhetoric,  Sameness-Contrast.  Sim- 
plicity-Floridness,  Synonym-Antonym,  Vigor- 
Weakness. 

an"-ti-thet'-ic-al.  Strongly  contrasted.  Sameness- 
Contrast,  Simplicity-Floridness,  Vigor-Weak- 
ness. 

an-tit'-ra-gus .  A  prominence  on  the  external  ear. 
Anatomy. 

an'-ti-type.    The  original  of  the  type.    Copy-Model. 

ant'-ler.  A  sharp  branched  outgrowth  on  the  head  of 
a  deer.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

ant"-on-o-ma'-si-a.  The  substitution  of  a  title  for  a 
proper  name.     Name-Misnomer,  Trope. 

an'-tc-nym.     A  counter-term.     Synonym-Antonym. 

an'-vil.  An  iron  block,  on  which  metals  are  ham- 
mered. Suspension-Support;  on  the  anvil,  Occu- 
pation, Preparation-Nonpreparatjon,  Purpose- 
Luck. 

anx-i'-e-ty.  Distress  of  mind.  Desire-Distaste, 
Pleasure-Pain,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

anx'-ious.  Distressed.  Desire-Distaste;  anxious  ex- 
pectation, Expectation-Surprise. 

an'-y.  One;  portion  of;  some  of  whatever  kind. 
Choice-Neutrality,  Quantity-Measure,  Whole- 
Part;  at  any  price,  Determination-Vacillation, 
Persistence-Whim  ;  at  any  rate,  Certainty-Doubt, 
Compensation,  Determination-Vacillation, 
Truth-Error  ;  at  any  time,  Time. 

an'-y-bod"-y.  Any  person  whatever.  Universality- 
Particularity. 

an'-y-how".  In  any  way  whatever;  indifferently. 
Carefulness-Carelessness,  Way. 

an'-y-thing.  A  matter  of  any  sort.  For  anything  one 
knows,  Knowledge-Ignorance. 

a'-c-rist.  Without  any  limitation  of  time.  Period- 
Progress,  Time;  aorist  tense,  Verb. 

a"-o-ris'-tic.  Relating  to  the  aorist.  Period-Prog- 
ress, Time. 

a-or'-ta.  The  great  artery  of  the  body.  Water- 
course-Airpipe. 

a-pace'.  Fast;  soon.  Earliness-Lateness,  Hurry- 
Leisure,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

a-part'.  Aside  by  itself.  Remoteness-Nearness, 
Solitude-Company,  Union-Disunion;  set  apart, 
Store;  wide  apart,  Remoteness-Nearness. 

a-part'-ment.  A  room  or  portion  of  an  interior.  Con- 
tents-Receiver, apartments  to   let. 

ap"-a-thet'-ic.    Impassive.  Sagacity-Incapacity, 

Sensitiveness-Apathy. 


APATHY. 


53 


APERTURE. 


ap'-a-thy.     Insensibility  to  emotion.     Sensitiveness-  a-pe'-ri-ent. 

Apathy,  Unconcern.  a-per'-tion. 

ape.    To  imitate  absurdly.    Imitation-Originality,  a-pert'-ness. 

A-pell'-es.    A  famous  Greek  painter.    Artist.  ap'-er-ture. 
apergu    [F.]  (a-per-su').     An  estimate  at  sight.   Digest. 

APERTURE— CLOSURE . 


A  laxative.    Aperture-Closure. 
An  aperture.    Aperture-Closure. 
That  which  opens.    Groove. 
An  opening.    Aperture-Closure. 


Adit.     An  opening  into  a  mine. 

Adjutage.     An  opening  of  a  tube  through  which  water  is  discharged. 

Airpipe.     A  pipe 'for  the  passage  of  air 

Aisle.     A  passage  into  which  the  pews  of  a  church  open. 

Ajutage.     See  Adjutage. 

Alley.     An  opening  er  passage  in  a  garden,  park  or  city 

Aperture.     An  opening. 

Arcade.     An  arched  or  covered  passageway. 

Blind  orifice.     An  opening  closed  at  one  end. 

Bore.     An  opening  made  by  boring;  the  cylindrical  cavity  of  a  gun. 

Caliber.     The  diameter  of  a  round  or  cylindrical  opening. 

Canal.     An  artificial  channel  for  navigation. 

Casement.     A  window. 

Channel.     An  opening  where  a  stream  of  water  runs. 

Chasm.     A  breach  or  opening  in  the  earth. 

Chimney.     A  flue  of  brick  or  stone  through  which  smoke  passes. 

Colander.     A  kitchen  utensil  with  the  bottom  perforated  with  little 

holes  for  straining  liquids. 
Cribble.     A  coarse  sieve  or  screen. 
Cullender.     A  strainer. 

T>  nr    a     i  ^'I1  entrance  way  into  a  house  or  a  room. 

Embouchure  [F.].     The  mouth  of  a  cannon. 

Embrasure.     An  opening  in  a  wall  through  which  cannon  are  pointed. 

Eye.     A  hole  through  anything  to  receive  a  rope,  shaft,  etc. 

Eyelet.     A  small  hole  to  receive  a  cord  or  fastener,  in  a  garment. 

Eye  of  a  needle.     The  hole,  through  the  head  of  a  needle  to  receive 

the  thread. 
Fan  light.     A  fan  window. 
Fistula.     An  abnormal  opening  in  the  body  caused  by  a  diseased 

condition. 
Flue.     An  enclosed  passageway  for  directing  a  current  of  air. 
Foramen.  A  small  opening  or  orifice  for  performing  organic  functions. 
Funnel.     A  passage  for  a  fluid  or  flowing  substance. 
Gallery.     A  long  and  narrow  passage  for  walking. 
Gangway.     A  passage  or  way  into  any  enclosed  place. 
Gate.     An  opening  or  passage  in  a  wall  or  fence;  a  frame  closing  it. 
Gateway.     See  Gatb. 

Glade.     An  open  passage  through  a  wood. 

Gullet.  The  tube  or  opening  by  which  food  is  carried  to  the  stomach. 
Gully.  A  channel  or  hollow  worn  in  the  earth  by  a  current  of  water. 
Gut.     A  narrow  passage  through  which  water  flows. 

H  .  .  '         [■  An  opening  in  the  deck  of  a  ship. 

Hole.     An  opening  through  a  solid  body. 

Honeycomb.     The  wax  of  bees  perforated  with  small  cells. 

Inlet.     An  opening  by  which  an  enclosed  place  may  be  entered. 

Keyhole.     A  hole  in  a  door  or  lock  for  receiving  a  key. 

Lattice.     A  screen  or  other  open  work  made  by  crossing  laths. 

Light.     A  window. 

Loophole.     A  small  opening  in  the  walls  of  a  fortification. 

Lych-gate.     A  covered  gate  at  a  church  through  which  the  corpse 

is  carried. 
Main.     A  duct  or  pipe. 
Mine.     A  subterranean  cavity  or  passage. 
Mouse  hole.     An  opening  through  which  mice  pass 
Mouth.      The  opening  in  the  face. 
Muzzle.     The  mouth  of  a  thing. 
Nozzle.     The  outlet  of  a  hose  or  pipe. 
Opening.     A  hole  or  aperture. 
Orifice.     The  mouth  of  a  tube  or  pipe. 
Ostiary.     The  mouth  of  a  river. 
Outlet.     The  opening  by  which  anything  is  let  out. 
Passage.     Channel  or  course  through  which  one  passes. 
Path.     A  way  or  course  in  which  anything  moves. 
Peephole.     A  hole  or  crevice  through  which  one  may  peep  without 

being  discovered. 
Perforation.     A  hole  made  by  boring  or  piercing. 
Pigeon-hole.     A  small  compartment  in  a  desk. 
Pinhole.     A  hole  made  by  a  pin. 
Pipe.     A  tube  for  leading  water. 
Pit.     A  subterranean  cavity. 
Porch.     A  covered  and  enclosed  entrance. 
Pore.     An  opening  or  gland  in  the  skin. 
Portal.     A  way  of  entrance  or  exit. 


Blind  alley.     A  passage  closed  at  one  end. 

Blind  corner.     Turn  from  which  there  is  no  opening. 

Blockade.     A  shutting  up. 

Caecum.     A  cavity  open  only  at  one  end;  the  blind  gut. 

Closure.     That  which  closes  or  shuts. 

Constipation.     A  shutting  up  of  the  bowels. 

Contraction.     Act  of  shrinking  or  closing. 

Cul  de  sac  [F.].     A  blind  alley. 

Imperf oration.     The  act  of  closing  as  not  to  permit  anything  to  pass 

through. 
Impermeability.     The  quality  of  not  permitting  passage  through. 
Imperviousness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Infarction.     Act  of  stuffing  or  filling  up. 
Obstipation.     Act  of  stuffing. 

Obstruction.     Anything  which  hinders  a  passage  through. 
Occlusion.     Act  of  shutting  up. 
Shutting  up.     A  closing.     See  Verbs. 
Stopper.     That  which  closes  or  stops.     See  Stopper. 

Closure — Verbs. 

Bar.     To  close  an  opening  or  entrance. 

Blockade.     To  shut  off. 

Bolt.     To  shut  by  means  of  a  bar. 

Choke.     To  obstruct  the  passage  of. 

Clinch.     To  close  as  with  a  nail. 

Close.     To  shut. 

Cram.     To  push  into  by  force. 

Dam.     To  stop  the  flow  of  water. 

Obstruct,  etc.     To  hinder.     See  Obstruction. 

Occlude.     To  close  up  a  passage. 

Plug.     To  insert  a  plug  in  an  opening. 

Plumb.     To  close  with  lead. 

Seal.     To  close  tightly. 

Stop.     To  prevent  from  passing. 

Throttle.     To  prevent  the  passage  of  breath. 

Trap.     To  shut  as  in  a  trap. 

Closure — Verbal  Expressions. 
Block  up;  bung  up;  button  up;  cork  up;  dam  up;  fill  up;  shut  up; 
stop  up;  stuff  up;  put  to  the  door;  ram  down;  shut  the  door. 

Closure — Adjectives. 

Airtight.     Closed  so  that  air  cannot  enter 

Cascal.     Pertaining  to  the  caecum. 

Closed,  etc.     Shut.     See  Verbs. 

Hermetically  sealed.     Closed  as  to  make  airtight 

Impassable.     Not  to  be  passed  through. 

Impenetrable.     Not  to  be  passed  through. 

Imperforate.     Without  holes. 

iSperSous!6'}  Not  P8™^"*  a  Passage. 

Imporous.     Without  pores  or  holes. 

Invious.     Without  a  way  or  passage. 

Operculated.     Having  a  lid  or  cover. 

Pathless.     Unopened. 

Shut.     Closed. 

Snug.     Closely  covered. 

Tight.     Closed. 

Unopened.     Closed. 

TJnpassable.     Not  permitting  a  passage. 

TJnpierced.     Without  holes  through. 

Untrodden.     Without  a  way. 

Unventilated.     Closed  that  air  cannot  pass  through 

Watertight.     Impervious  to  water. 

Wayless.     Pathless. 


APERTURE— Continued. 

Porthole.     An  opening  in  a  ship's  side. 

Postern.     A  gate  in  a  fortification. 

Puncture.     An  opening  made  by  a  sharp  tool. 

Riddle.     A  coarse  sieve. 

Screen.     A  long,  coarse  sieve. 

Shaft.     An  opening  or  passage  into  a  mine. 


APERTURE. 


54 


APIARY. 


APERTURE— Continued. 


Sieve.     A  utensil  with  a  perforated  bottom. 

Skylight.     An  opening  in  a  roof. 

Sucker.     A  pipe  through  which  anything  is  drawn. 

Tap.     A  hole  or  pipe  through  which  liquor  is  drawn. 

Thoroughfare.     A  passage  through. 

Throat.     The  passage  from  the  mouth  to  the  gullet. 

Trapdoor.     An  opening  in  a  roof  or  floor. 

Tube.     An  opening  through  which  anything  flows. 

Tubule.     A  small  tube. 

Tunnel.     A  subterranean  passage. 


Vent.     A  passage  tor  air  or  any  fluid. 

Vessel.     Any  tube  or  canal. 

Vista.     A  passage  between  intervening  objects. 

Vomitory.     A  principal  door  of  a  large  ancient  building 

Waterpipe.     A  passage  for  water. 

Way.     Any  walk  or  passage. 

Weasand.     The  windpipe. 

Wicket.     A  small  gate. 

Window.     An  opening  in  the  wall  of  a  building. 

Wizen.     The  windpipe. 


Acupuncture.     Act  of  pricking  with  a  needle. 

Apertion.     Act  of  opening. 

Apertness.     State  of  being  open. 

Dehiscence.     The  act  of  gaping. 

Empalement.     Act  of  thrusting  a  sharpened  stake  into 

Hiation.     Act  of  gaping. 

Oscitancy.     Act  of  yawning. 

Pandiculation.     Act  of  spreading  out. 

Patefaction.     The  act  of  opening. 


Aperturb — Nouns  of  Action  and  Quality. 

Penetration.     Act  of  making  an  opening  in. 
Perforation.     Act  of  boring  or  piercing  through. 
Pertusion.     Act  of  piercing  with  a  pointed  instrument. 
Piercing.     Act  of  making  a  hole  in.     See  Verbs. 

p -,„cnls<.  f  The  quality  of  being  porous,  or  full  of  holes. 

Puncture.     The  act  of  piercing. 

Terebration.     The  act  of  boring. 

Yawning.     Act  of  opening  wide  or  of  gaping. 


Aperture — Nouns  of  Instrument. 


"Key.     An  instrument  by  which  a  lock  is  opened. 
Master-key.     A  key  adapted  to  open  several  different  locks. 


Opener.     Any  instrument  which  unlocks  or  opens. 
Passe-partout   [F.].     A  master-key. 


Aperture — Verbs. 


Bilge.     To  stave  in  the  bottom  of. 

Bore.     To  make  a  hole  by  boring. 

Cut  a  passage  through. 

Cut  open. 

Drill.     To  pierce  or  bore  through. 

Empierce.     To  pierce. 

Enfilade.     To  pierce  with  shot. 

Fly  open. 

Gape.     To  open  the  mouth  wide. 

Gore.     To  pierce  with  a  sharp  instrument. 

Impale.     To  thrust  a  sharp  stake  through. 

Lance.     To  pierce  with  a  lance. 

Lay  open. 

Make  room  for. 

Make  way  for. 

Mine. 

Ope. 

Open. 

Perforate.     To  make  holes  through. 

Pierce.     To  make  an  opening  in. 

Pink.     To  stab  with  a  pointed  weapon. 


To  open  a  passage. 
To  dig  a  passage  or  cavity. 
To  make  passage  possible. 


See  Convexity-Concavity. 


Prick.     To  pierce  with  a  fine  sharp  point. 

Punch.     To  perforate  with  an  instrument  by  pressure  or  by  a  blow 

Puncture.     To  make  a  hole  with  a  sharp-pointed  instrument. 

Riddle.     To  make  full  of  holes. 

Rip  open.     To  tear. 

Spear.     To  pierce  with  a  spear. 

Spike.     To  pierce  with  a  spike. 

Spit.     To  pierce  as  on  a  spit. 

Stab.     To  pierce  with  a  sharp  instrument. 

Stave  in.     To  fracture  by  a  blow  from  the  outside. 

Stick.     To  thrust  through. 

Tap.     To  make  a  hole  in  a  cask. 

Throw  open. 

Transfix.     To  pierce  with  a  pointed  weapon. 

Transpierce.     To  penetrate. 

Tunnel.     To  make  an  underground  passage. 

Unclose.     To  open. 

Uncover.     To  lay  open. 

Unrip.     To  tear  apart. 

Yawn.     To  open  the  mouth  wide. 


Aperture — Adjectives. 


Ajar.     Open. 

Aperient.     Tending  to  open  the  bowels. 

Cannular.     Tube  shaped. 

Cribiform.      Pierced  with  small  holes. 

Fistulous.     Hollow. 

Follicular.     In  the  form  of  small  tubes. 

Foiaminous.      In  the  shape  of  a  foramina. 

Gaping.     Displaying  an  opening. 

Honey-combed.      Full  of  cells  or  openings. 

Infundibular.      Funnel  shaped. 

Open.     Not  closed ;  permitting  something  to  pass  through. 

Opening,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Oscitant.      Yawning  or  gaping. 

Patent.     Open. 

Perforate,     Full  of  holes. 

Aperture — Interjection. 

Open  sesame  1     A  charm  used  to  open  a  door  in  the  Arabian  Nights'  tale,  "  Ali  Baba  and  the  Forty  Thieves." 


Perforated.     Pierced  with  holes.     See  Verbs. 
Permeable.     Capable  of  allowing  liquids  to  pass  through. 
Pervious.     Capable  of  being  passed  through. 
Porous.     Full  of  holes. 
Riddled.      Pierced  with  holes. 

Tubuklus.}  Having  a  tube-Uke  form-       * 

Tubulated.     Provided  with  tubes 

Unclosed.     Open. 

Unstopped.     Not  closed. 

Vascular.     Having  vessels. 

Vesicular.     Like  a  cell. 

Wide  open. 

Yawning.     Standing  wide  open. 


a'-pex.  The  pointed  or  highest  point.  Astronomy, 
Top-Bottom. 

aph-e'-li-on.  The  point  in  a  planet's  orbit  farthest 
from  the  sun.  Astronomy,  Remoteness-Near- 
ness. 

aph-er'-e-sis.  The  dropping  of  an  unaccented  syllable 
or  a  letter  from  the  beginning  of  a  word.    Rhetoric. 

a-pho'-ni-a.  Loss  of  voice.  Vocalization-Mute- 
ness. 


aph'-o-nous.  Not  representing  a  sound.  Vocaliza- 
tion-Muteness. 

aph'-o-ny.    Loss  of  voice.    Vocalization-Muteness. 

aph'-o-rism.  A  brief  statement  of  scientific  matters 
AdaCe-Nonsense. 

aph"-o-ris'-tic.  Pertaining  to  an  aphorism.  Adage- 
Nonsense. 

a'-pi-a-ry.  Place  where  bees  are  kept.  Domestica- 
tion-Agriculture. 


APICIUS. 


55 


APPEARANCE— DISAPPEARANCE. 


A-pi'cius.    A  Roman  epicure.     Fasting-Gluttgny. 

a-piece'.  Foreachone.   Universality-Particularity. 

a'-pish.    Like  an  ape.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

ap"-la-nat'-ic.  Free  from  spherical  chromatic  aberra- 
tion.    Color-Achromatism. 

a-plomb'.  Self-possession;  erectness.  Assent-Dis- 
sent, Determination-Vacillation,  Mutability- 
Stability. 

A-poc'-a-lypse.  The  revelation  to  the  Apostle  John. 
Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

a-poc"-a-lyp'-tic.  Relating  to  Revelations.  Revela- 
tion-Pseudorevelation. 

a-poc'-o-pe.  A  cutting  off  of  the  last  letter  or  syllable 
of  a  word.     Rhetoric. 

A-poc'-ry-pha.  Fourteen  books  in  the  Vulgate  and 
Septuagint  versions  of  the  Bible.  Revelation- 
Pseudorevelation. 

A-poc'-ry-phal.  Not  canonical.  Certainty-Doubt, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Truth-Error. 

ap"-o-dic'-tic.    Indisputable.    Proof-Disproof. 

ap"-o-dic'-tic-al.-    Indisputable.     Proof-Disproof. 

ap"-o-dix'-is.  Absolute  demonstration.  Proof-Dis- 
proof. 

ap'-o-gee.  That  point  of  the  moon's  orbit  which  is 
most  distant  from  the  earth.     Astronomy. 

ap'-o-graph.    A  transcript  or  facsimile.     Copy-Model. 

A-pol'-lo.  The  god  of  the  sun  and  of  music;  a  statue 
of  the  god  Apollo,  the  most  perfect  representation 
of  the  human  form.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Luminary- 
Shade,  Musician,  Universe. 

Apollo  magnus  [L.]  (a-pol'-lo  mag'-nus).  Great  Apollo. 
Advice,  Sage-Fool. 

A-pol'-lyon.    The  destroyer,  Abaddon.    Angel-Satan. 

a-pol"-c-get'-ic.  Like  an  apology.  Justification- 
Charge. 

a-pol'-o-gist.    A  defender.    Justification-Charge. 

a-pol'-o-gize.  To  offer  an  excuse.  Atonement,  Justi- 
fication-Charge. 

ap'-o-logue.  A  fable  or  moral  tale.  Account,  Educa- 
tion-Misteaching,  Trope. 

a-pol'-o-gy.  A  disclaimer  of  intentional  offense. 
Atonement,  Justification-Charge,  Pretext,  Re- 
pentance-Obduracy. 

ap'-o-phthegm.  [Approved  spelling  in  England.]  A 
terse  pointed  saying;  An  apothegm.  Adage-Non- 
sense. 

a-poph'-y-sis .  An  outgrowth  or  protuberance.  Con- 
vexity-Concavity. 

ap'-o-plex-y.  A  stroke  of  paralysis  or  loss  of  power  of 
motion.     Might-Impotence. 

ap"-o-si-o-pe'-sis.  A  figure  in  which  the  speaker  leaves 
a  sentence  incomplete.     Rhetoric. 

a-pps'-ta-sy.  Departure  from  one's  faith  or  religion. 
Bigotry-Apostasy,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

a-pos'-tate.    A  renegade.     Patriotism-Treason. 

a-pos'-ta-tize.    To  forsake  a  faith.    Bigotry-Apostasy. 

a-pos'-tle.  A  follower  of  Christ;  a  messenger.  In- 
structor-Pupil, Revelation-Pseudorevelation  ; 
Apostles'  Creed,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

APPEARANCE— 
Air.     Appearance. 

Appearance.     A  coming  in  sight;  the  look  of  a  person ;  show. 
Aspect.     Appearance  to  eye  or  mind ;  look. 
Contour.     The  outline  of  anything. 
Coup  d'ieil  [F.].     A  glance  of  the  eye. 
Display.     Opening  uf  anything  to  the  view. 
Exposure.     A  placing  out  in  view. 
Expression.     Act  of  representing;  external  aspect. 
Face  of  the  thing.     The  outside  appearance. 
Feature.     Appearance  of  any  part  of  the  place;  the  aspect. 
Guise.      External  appearance. 
Insignia.     Some   distinguishing  marks;    a  badge,    as  of  office   or 

honor.     See  Sign. 
Lineament.     Marks  on  the  face. 


a-pos'-tle-ship.     Office  of  Apostle.     Church. 

ap'os-tol'-ic.  Pertaining  to  an  apostle.  Church, 
Revelation-Pseudorevelation;  apostolic  church, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy;  apostolic  see,  Church. 

ap"-os-tol'-ic-al.  Of  the  apostles.  Revelation- 
Pseudorevelation. 

a-pos'-trc-phe.  A  figure  of  speech.  Address-Re- 
sponse, Conversation-Monologue,  Petition-Ex- 
postulation, Rhetoric. 

a-pos'-tro-phize.  To  speak  in  apostrophes.  Conver- 
sation-Monologue. 

a-poth'-e-ca-ry.  A  druggist.  Remedy-Bane;  apothe- 
cary's weight,  Heaviness-Lightness. 

ap'-o-thegm.  A  truth  strikingly  expressed  in  a  few 
words.    Adage-Nonsense. 

ap"-o-the'-o-sis.  Deification.  Devotion-Idolatry, 
Heaven-Hell,  Renewal. 

ap'-o-zem.  A  medicated  infusion.  Heating-Cooling, 
Liquefaction- Volatilization. 

ap-pal'.  To  terrify.  Pleasurableness-Painfulness, 
Sanguineness-Timidity. 

ap-pal'-ling.  Horrifying.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness. 

ap'-pa-nage.  A  dependent  territory.  Giving-Receiv- 
ing,  Property. 

ap"-pa-ra'-tus.  A  machine  for  a  special  purpose.  In- 
strument. 

apparatus  belli  [L.]  (ap"-pa-re'-tus  bel'-lai).  Material 
of  war.     Weapon. 

ap-par'-el.     Garments.     Dress-Undress. 

ap-par'-ent.  Clearly  perceived.  Appearance-Disap- 
pearance, Likelihood-Unlikelihood,  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency, Visibility-Invisibility;  heir  ap- 
parent, Possessor. 

ap"-pa-ri'-tion.  A  ghost.  Jove-Fiend,  Sight-Dim- 
sightedness. 

ap-par'-i-tor.  An  official  who  served  the  orders  of  a 
magistrate.     Messenger. 

ap-peach'.    To  accuse.    Justification-Charge. 

ap-peach'-ment.    Accusation.    Justification-Charge. 

ap-peal'.  An  earnest  request;  resort  to  higher  power  or 
final  means;  carrying  a  case  from  a  lower  to  a  higher 
court.  Address-Response,  Petition-Expostula- 
tion; appeal  from  Philip  drunk  to  Philip  sober,  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration; appeal  motion,  Litiga- 
tion; appeal  to,  Address-Response,  Evidence- 
Counterevidence,  Petition-  Expostulation; 
appeal  to  arms,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Strife- 
Peace  ;  appeal  to  for,  Dueness-Undueness  ;  court  of 
appeals,  Council,  Tribunal. 

ap-pear'.  To  come  into  view.  Appearance-Disap- 
pearance, Manifestation-Latency,  Visibility- 
Invisibility;  appear  for,  Representative;  appear 
in  print,  Writing-Printing. 

ap-pear'-ance.  Act  of  coming  into  view.  Appearance- 
Disappearance;  Visibility-Invisibility;  make 
one's  appearance,  Arrival-Departure;  to  all  ap- 
pearance, Appearance-Disappearance,  Likeli- 
hood-Unlikelihood. 

DISAPPEARANCE. 

Departure.     Act  of  going  away,  withdrawal. 
Disappearance.     Going  out  of  sight,  hidden  from  the  senses. 
Dissolving  views.     Magic  lantern  views  that  are  made  to  gradually 

sink  away. 
Eclipse.     Hiding  from  view  by  something  coming  between. 
Evanescence.     A  slow  disappearance  from  view. 
Exit.     A  going  out. 
Fading.     Losing  its  color. 
Occultation.     A  covering  from  view. 
Vanishing  point.     The  point  of  disappearance. 

Disappearance — Verbs, 
Avaunt.     Depart. 
Begone.     See  Adjectives. 


APPEARANCE. 


56 


APPETITE. 


APPEARANCE—DISAPPEARANCE— Continued. 


Lines.     Limits  of  figures,  outlines. 

Look.     The  act  of  looking;  general  air  of  face. 

Lookout.     An  act  of  looking  for  or  watching. 

Outline.     The  contour;  the  boundary. 

Outlook.     The  aspect. 

Outside.     The  external  part;  the  exterior.     See  Outside. 

Pageant.     An  imposing  show. 

Pageantry.     Spectacles;  pompous  shows.     See  Pomp. 

Perspective.     A  distant  view. 

Phase.     An  appearance  of  things  to  anyone. 

Phasis.     Same  as  phase. 

Phenomenon.     An  appearance. 

Premonstration.     A  showing  beforehand. 

Presence.     State  of  being  present. 

Profile.     The  outline  of  face. 

Prospect.     A  looking  forward;  view. 

Scene.     An  assemblage  of  objects  brought  to  view. 

Seeming.     An  appearance. 

Shape.     Anything  having  form;  an  appearance.     See  Form. 

Show.     An  exhibition;  a  setting  forth. 

Sight.     The  act  of  seeing;  a  spectacle. 

Species.     Visible  appearance. 

Spectacle.     Something  that  is  put  up  for  show. 

Tournure  [F '.].     Shape;  figure. 

Trait.     A  singular  feature,  as  of  character. 

View.     The  act  of  looking  closely  and  carefully. 

Vista.     A  view  through  intervening  objects. 

Appearance — Associated  Nouns. 

Bird's-eye  view;  carriage;  cast;  cast  of  countenance;  color;  com- 
plexion; cosmorama;  countenance;  coup  de  theatre  [P.];  de- 
meanor; diorama;  dissolving  views;  face;  gallanty-show ;  geo- 
rama;  image;  jeu  de  the'atre  [F.];  landscape;  light;  magic  lantern; 
mien;  mise  en  scene  [F.];  ombres  chinoises  [F."|;  panorama;  peep- 
show;  phantasm;  phantasmagoria ;  phantom  (see  Dimsighted- 
ness);  phiz;  physiognomy;  picture;  point  of  view;  port;  raree 
show;  scenery;  tableau;  visage. 

Appearance- 
Cut  of  one's  jib. 
First  blush. 
Rising  of  the  curtain. 


-Figurative  Nouns. 


Appearance — Scientific  Noun. 
Metoposcopy.     Science  of  physiognomy. 

Appearance — Verbs, 

Appear.     To  come  to  view,  to  be  evident  itself  to  the  senses. 
Assume  the  appearance.     To  take  upon  oneself  appearance,  to  affect 

the  appearance. 
Bear  the  appearance.     To  maintain  the  appearance. 
Become  visible.     To  be  apparent. 

Be  visible.     To  be  evident  to  the  senses.     See  Visibility. 
Carry  the  appearance. 
Cut  a  figure.     To  make  an  exhibition. 
Exhibit  the  appearance. 
Figure.     To  be  noted  and  conspicuous. 
Have  the  appearance. 

Look.     To  discern  that  to  which  the  eyes  are  directed. 
Look  like.     To  resemble. 
Present  the  appearance  of. 
Present  to  the  view. 
Seem.     To  be  manifest  on  reflection. 


DISAPPEARANCE— Verbs— Continued, 
Disappear.     To  withdraw  from  view. 

Dissolve.     To  separate  into  its  parts,  to  waste  away,  to  disappear. 
Efface.     To  make  disappear.     See  Mark-Obliteration. 
Fade.     To  slowly  experience  an  effacement  of. 
Go. 

Go  off  the  stage.     To  disappear  from  active  life. 
Leave  no  track.     To  disappear  entirely. 
"Leave  not  a  rack  behind."      To  disappear  completely.     [Tempest 

IV,  i.] 
Lose  sight  of.     To  vanish. 
Melt  away.     To  disappear  slowly. 
Pass  away.     To  go  away. 
Retire  from  sight.     To  disappear. 
Suffer  an  eclipse.      )_   ,  ..*.,. 

Undergo  an  eclipse.  J  To  **  put  out  of  Sl*ht- 
Vanish.     To  fade  away. 

Disappearance — Adjectives 

Disappearing.     See  Verbs. 
Evanescent.     Passing  away  by  degrees. 
Gone.     Moved  away. 
Lost.     Not  to  be  found,  wasted. 

Lost  to  v£w.7  disappeared,  vanished. 
Missing.     Lost  to  sight. 

Disappearance — Interjections. 

Avaunt.     See  Injection-Ejection. 
Disappear  1 
Vanish  1 


APPEARANCE— Verbs— Continued. 

Show.     Put  forth  into  view.     See  Manifestation. 
Take  on  the  appearance  of. 
Take  the  appearance. 
Wear  the  appearance. 

Appearance — Adjectives 

Apparent.     Manifest  to  the  senses. 

On  view.     Visible. 

Ostensible.     Presented  as  real  or  true,  avowed. 

Seeming.     Apparent  to  the  mind  on  reflection. 

Appearance — Adverbs. 

Apparently.     In  a  seeming  manner. 

As  it  seems.     Apparently. 

At  first  sight.     On  the  first  view. 

At  the  first  blush.     At  the  first  appearance. 

In  the  eyes  of.     In  the  mental  view  of. 

On  the  face  of.     On  external  appearance. 

Ostensibly.     Affectedly,  professedly. 

Prima  facie  [L.].     On  the  first  view. 

Seemingly.     In  a  seeming  way. 

To  all  appearance,  j  As  f     as  we  can 

To  all  seeming.      J 

To  the  eye.     To  the  view. 

Appearance — Phrase. 
Editio  princeps  [L.].     First  edition. 


ap-pear'-ances.  Aspect  of  the  circumstances.  Keep  up 
appearances,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

ap-pease'.  To  soothe.  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

ap-pel'-lant.    One  who  appeals.    Dueness-Undueness. 

ap-pel'-late.  Having  jurisdiction  of  appeals.  Tribunal. 

ap"-pel-la'-tion .  The  name  or  title  by  which  a  person 
or  thing  is  called.     Name-Misnomer. 

ap-pend'.  To  add  or  attach.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Precedence-Succession,  Suspension-Support. 

ap-pend'-age.  Anything  added.  Increment-Rem- 
nant, Predecessor-Continuation. 

ap-pen"-di-ci'-tis.  Inflammation  of  the  vermiform 
appendix  of  the  caecum.     Remedy-Bane. 


ap-pen'-dix.  Supplementary  matter  placed  at  the  end 
of  a  book.     Predecessor-Continuation. 

ap"-per-cep'-tion.  Self-consciousness.  Conception- 
Theme. 

ap"-per-tain'.  To  pertain  or  belong  to.  Connection- 
Independence,  Constituent-Alien,  Holding-Ex- 
emption, Property. 

ap'-pe-tence.     Strong  craving.     Desire-Distastf,. 

ap'-pe-ten-cy.     Strong  desire.     Desire-Distaste. 

ap'-pe-ti-ble.  Exciting  the  appetite.  Desire-Dis- 
taste. 

ap'-pe-tite.  Physical  craving  or  desire.  Desire-Dis» 
taste;  tickle  the  appetite,  Palatableness-Unpala 

TABLENESS. 


APPETITUS. 


57 


APPROACH— WITHDRAWAL. 


appetitus  rationi  obediant  [L.]  (ap"-pi-tai'-tus  re-shi- 
o'-nai  o-bi'-di-ant) .  Let  the  appetites  obey  the 
reason.     Moderation-Selfindulgence. 

ap'-pe-tize.     To  give  relish.     Desire-Distaste. 

ap'-pe-ti"-zing.  Giving  relish.  Desire-Distaste, 
Excitation',  Palatableness-Unpalatableness, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

ap-plaud'.  To  express  approval  of.  Approval-Dis- 
approval. 

ap-plaud'-ing.  Expressing  approval.  Approval-Dis- 
approval. » 

ap'-pl3.  Apple  of  discord.  Variance-Accord;  apple 
off  another  tree,  Variation;  apple  of  one's  eye, 
Favorite-Anger,  Goodness-Badness,  Love-Hate; 
apple-pie  order,  Regularity-Irregularity;  golden 
apple,  Motive-Caprice;  how  we  apples  swim,  Con- 
ceit-Diffidence. 

ap'-ple-green".  The  color  of  apples.  Redness-Green- 
ness. 

ap-pli'-ance.  Act  of  putting  to  use ;  anything  by  which 
something  is  done.  Use-Disuse;  appliances,  In- 
strument-Means. 

ap"-pli-ca-bil'-i-ty.  Fitness.  Harmony-Discord,  Pro- 
priety-Impropriety, Usefulness-Uselessness. 

ap'-pli-ca-ble.  Fitting.  Harmony-Discord,  Pro- 
priety-Impropriety, Usefulness-Uselessness. 

ap'-pli-cant.     A  candidate.     Petitioner. 

ap"-pli-ca'-tion.  The  fixing  of  the  attention  closely; 
employment  of  principles;  a  demand.  Heed-Disre- 
gard, Petition-Expostulation,  Reflection-Va- 
cancy, Trope,  Use-Disuse. 

ap-plied'  chem'-is-try.  Chemistry  of  practise.  Chem- 
istry. 

ap-ply'.  To  bring  into  contact  with  something.  Trope, 
Use-Disuse;  apply  a  match,  Heating-Cooling; 
apply  a  remedy,  Remedy-Bane;  apply  the  match  to  a 
train,  Beginning-End;  apply  the  mind,  Heed-Dis- 
regard. 

appoggiato  [It.]  (ap"-po-ja'-to) .  Prolonged.  Melody- 
Dissonance. 

appoggiatura  [It.]  (ap-poj"-a-tu'-ra).  An  extra  note 
or  musical  ornament.    Melody-Dissonance. 

ap-point'.     To  designate.    Assignment,  Order. 

ap-point'-ing.      Assigning.     Assignment. 

ap-point'- ment.  A  being  chosen  to  fill  an  office;  a 
meeting  or  time  of  meeting.  Assignment,  Com- 
mission-Abrogation, Order,  Sociability-Privacy. 


ap-point'-ments.     Furnishings.     Instrument. 

ap-por'-tion.  To  divide  equitably.  Assignment, 
Gathering-Scattering,  Organization-Disorgan- 
ization, Union-Disunion. 

ap-por'-tion-ing.     Dividing.     Assignment. 

ap-por'-tion-ment.  A  just  division.  Assignment, 
Gathering-Scattering,  Organization-Disorgan- 
ization. 

ap'-po-site.     Suitable ;  fit ;  well-adapted. 

ap"-pc-si'-tion.  Relation  between  two  or  more  nouns; 
act  of  placing  side  by  side  or  in  contact.  Harmony- 
Discord,  Interspace-Contact,  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation. 

ap-praise'.  To  estimate  the  value  of.  Mensuration, 
Price-Discount. 

ap-praise'-ment.  Estimation.  Mensuration,  Price- 
Discount. 

ap-pre'-ci-ate .  To  be  fully  aware  of  the  importance  of; 
to  increase  in  value.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Decision-Misjudgment,  Knowledge-Ignorance, 
Mensuration,  Mind-Imbecility,  Reflection-Va- 
cancy, Taste-Vulgarity. 

ap-pre"-ci-a'-tion.  True  estimation.  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Decision-Misjudgment,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance. 

ap"-pre-hend'.  To  grasp  with  the  understanding;  to 
arrest.  Faith-Misgiving,  Knowledge-Ignorance, 
Litigation,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

ap"-pre-hen'-sion.  The  result  of  grasping  mentally; 
seizure  of  a  person.  Conception-Theme,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Litigation,  Sagacity-Incapac- 
ity, Sanguineness-Timidity,  Taking-Restitu- 
tion. 

ap-pren'-tice.  One  serving  to  learn  a  trade;  to  bind 
oneself  as  an  apprentice.  Instructor-Pupil;  ap- 
prentice oneself,  Enterprise. 

ap-pren'-tice-ship.  Method  of  learning  of  an  apprentice. 
Education-Misteaching. 

appris.  Us  n'ont  rien  . .  .  ,ni  rien  oublti  [F.]  (il  non'  ri-an'' 
a-pri',  ni  ri-an''  u-bli-e').  They  have  learned  noth- 
ing and  forgotten  nothing.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

ap-prize'.  To  warn.  Enlightenment-Secrecy;  ap- 
prized of,  Knowledge-Ignorance. 

ap-proach'.  To  come  near  in  time,  place,  degree  or 
quality.  Approach-Withdrawal,  Future-Past, 
Occurrence-Destiny,  Remoteness-Nearness, 
Way;   approaching  time,  Future-Past. 


APPROACH— WITH  DRAWAL. 


Access.     A  coming  to,  admission. 

Advent.     A  coming  of  something  important.     See  Future. 

Afflux.     A  flowing  to. 

Affluxion.      Act  of  flowing  to. 

Approach.      A  coming  nearer. 

Appropinquation.     The  act  of  bringing  near. 

Approximation.     Act  of  causing  to  approach  without  exactly  coming 

together. 
Appulse.      A  driving  toward. 
Pursuit.     A  following  up  close.     See  Quest. 

Approach — Verbs. 
Approach.     To  come  to  or  near. 

Approximate.     To  make  come  near  but  not  to  coincide. 
Bear  up.      To  tend  toward. 
Come   near. 

Come  to  close  quarters.     To  engage  at  short  range,  to  come  together. 
Draw  near. 

Drift.      To  float  slowly  toward. 
Gain  upon.      To  be  approaching  nearer. 
Get  near. 
Go  near. 

Hug  the   land.  \  „    ,  , 

Hug  the   shore./  To  keep  close  to' 
Make   the   land.     To  come  to  destined  place. 
Make   up  to.     To  approach. 
Move    towards. 


Departure.     A  going  away.     See  Arrival-Departure. 

Flight.     The  act  of  flying  or  moving  swiftly.     See  Quest-Evasion. 

Recession.     An  act  of  moving  away. 

Recoil.     A  shrinking  back,  a  quick  rebound. 

Retirement.     Withdrawal  from  one's  associations. 

Retreat.     A  going  away  from,  a  withdrawal. 

Retrocession.    A  moving  backward.    See  Advance-Retrogression. 

Withdrawal.     A  drawing  or  taking  back. 

Withdrawal — Verbs. 

Come  away.     Withdraw. 
Depart.     See  Arrival-Departure. 
Drift  away.     To  move  away  slowly. 
Fall  back.     Retreat. 
Get  away.     Escape. 

Go.     Move  from  one  place  to  the  other. 
Go  away.     "1 
Move  from.  ^Withdraw. 
Move  off.      ) 

Recede.     To  move  away,  to  withdraw. 
Remove.     To  change  from  one  station  to  another. 
Retreat.     To  move  back  and  away  from  a  given  place.     See  Ad- 
vance-Retrogression. 
Retire.     To  separate  oneself  from. 
Runaway.     To  run  off.     See  Quest-Evasion. 
Sheer  off.     To  move  aside. 
Shrink.     To  draw  back  as  if  in  terror. 


APPROACH. 


58 


APPROVAL— DISAPPROVAL. 


APPROACH— WITHDRAWAL— Continued. 


APPROACH— Verbs— Continued. 
Wear.     To  make  come  near  or  close ;  to  move  toward. 
Pursue.     To  follow  close  after.     See  Quest. 
Set  in  towards.     To  start  after. 
Tread  on  the  heels  of.     To  follow  very  closely. 

Approach — Adjectives. 
Affluent.     Flowing  to. 

Approaching.     Coming  toward;  nearing.     See  Verbs. 
Approximative.     Coming  to  without  coinciding. 
imminent.     Jutting  towards.     See  Occurrence. 
Impending.     Hanging  over. 


WITHDRAWAL— Verbs— Continued. 
Shunt.     To  shun. 
Stand  aside.     Move  apart. 
Withdraw.     To  draw  away;  retire. 

Withdrawal — Adjectives. 
Removing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 


On  the  road. 


Approach — Adverb. 


Coming    nearer.      Approach-With- 


Approval-Disap- 
Reputation-Dis- 


Ap- 


ap-proach'-ing. 

drawal. 
ap-pro-ba'-tion.      Commendation. 

proval,      Regard-Disrespect, 

credit. 
ap"-pro-pin-qua'-tion.      Act    of    coming    near. 

proach-Withdrawal. 
ap-pro'-pri-ate.     Suitable  for  the  purpose;  to  take  for 


APPROACH— Continued. 
Approach — Interjections. 
Approach;  come;  come  here;  come  hither;  here. 

one's  own  use.  Assignment,  Harmony-Discord, 
Propriety  -  Impropriety,  Taking  -  Restitution, 
Theft,  Universality-Particularity. 

ap-pro"-pri-a'-tion.  Anything  set  apart  for  special  use. 
Assignment,  Taking-Restitution,  Theft. 

ap-prov'-al.  Sanction.  Approval-Disapproval,  As- 
sent-Dissent, Consent. 


APPROVAL— DISAPPROVAL 


Acclaim.     A  shout  of  applause  or  approval. 

Acclamation.  A  shout,  usually  by  a  multitude,  of  applause  or  ap- 
proval. 

Account.     Importance;  estimation. 

Admiration.     Wonder  and  approbation. 

Advocacy.     Approbation  and  support  or  vindication. 

Applause.     Any  expression  of  approval. 

Appreciation.     Approbation  and  just  valuation  or  estimation. 

Approbation.  The  act  of  commending  or  regarding  as  worthy, 
proper  or  right. 

Approval     The  act  of  approving;  sanction. 

Approvement     Approbation. 

Benediction.     Solemn  invocation  of  the  divine  approval  or  blessing. 

Benison.     Blessing;  benediction. 

Blessing.     Divine  favor;  benediction. 

Cheer.     A  shout  of  approbation  or  applause. 

Commendation.     Approbation;  praise. 

Credit.  Reliance  on  the  truth  of  a  statement  or  on  the  sincerity  of  a 
person. 

Ehge  [F.].     Eulogy;  praise. 

Encomium.     Formal  expression  of  great  approval  or  praise. 

Esteem.     High  regard  and  approval. 

Estimation.     Favorable  opinion ;  regard. 

Eulogium.     Spoken  or  written  praise  of  a  person's  life  or  character. 

Eulogy.     See  Eulogium. 

Homage.     Reverential  regard ;  deference. 

Kydos  [Gr.].     Renown;  glory. 

Laud.     High  praise  or  commendation. 

Laudation.     The  act  of  lauding  or  praising;  high  commendation. 

Love.  Strong  attachment  induced  by  that  which  excites  delight  or 
admiration,  etc.     See  Love. 

Panegyric.     A  formal  and  elaborate  encomium ;  laudation. 

Plaudit.     An  expression  of  applause. 

Popularity.     The  state  of  being  esteemed  or  approved  by  the  people. 

Praise.     Approbation  expressed. 

Regard.     Respect;  esteem;  reverence. 

Repute,  etc.     Estimation;  honor,  etc.     See  Reputation'. 

Sanction.     Authoritative  approbation;  ratification. 

Approval — Associated  Nouns. 

Chorus  of  applause;  clap;  clapping;  clapping  of  hands;  golden 
opinions ;  good  opinion ;  good  word ;  hero  worship ;  hosannah ; 
meed  of  praise;  nod  of  approbation;  paean,  an  ancient  Greek  hymn 
in  honor  of  Apollo,  any  joyful  song;  peal  of  applause;  Prytaneum, 
a  public  hall  at  Athens  where  hospitality  was  officially  extended 
to  distinguished  citizens  and  strangers;  shout  of  applause;  thun- 
ders of  applause;  tribute  of  praise. 

Approval — Verbs. 

Acclamate.     Shout  in  order  to  show  approval. 

Admire.     Wonder  and  approve. 

Applaud.      Express  approval  by  some  sign  that  may  be  heard  or  seen. 

Appreciate.      Esteem  highly  and  adequately. 


Abuse.     Expression  of  disapproval  prompted  by  anger,  and  in  harsh 

and  unseemly  words. 
Admonition.     A  gentle  or  friendly  counseling  against  fault  or  error. 
Animadversion.     Remarks  by  way  of  criticism  and  censure  from  one 

having  authority  over. 
Blacklist.     A  number  of  persons  to  be  regarded  with  suspicion. 
Blame.     Censure. 
Castigation.      Severe  criticism. 

Censoriousness.     Implication  or  expression  of  censure. 
Censure.     The  act  of  finding  fault  with  and  condemning  as  wrong. 
Chiding.     A  personal  rebuke  from  one  having  little  authority  over. 
Condemnation.     The  act  of  pronouncing  to  be  wrong  or  guilty. 
Contumely.     Expression     of    disapproval    by    showing    rudeness, 

haughtiness  and  contempt  toward. 
Correction.     The  act  of  reproving  or  punishing  habitual  faults. 
Criticism.     A  critical  judgment  passed  or  expressed. 
Denunciation.     A  public  accusation  of  fault  or  wrong. 
Depreciation.     An  attempt  to  represent  as  of  little  value  or  claim  to 

esteem. 
Detraction.     Act  of  taking  away  from  the  good  name  or  reputation  of 

another. 
Disapprobation.     An  unfavorable  opinion,  whether  held  in  the  mind 

or  expressed. 
Disapproval     Unfavorable  judgment. 
Discommendation.     Censure  or  ill  favor. 
Disesteem.     Low  estimation,  inclining  to  dislike. 
Dislike.     A  feeling  of  positive  and  permanent  aversion.     See  Desire- 
Distaste. 
Disparagement.     Lowering  in  rank  or  estimation. 
Displacency.     Envious  displeasure. 
Dispraise.     Dishonor;  blame. 
Disvaluation.     A  lowering  of  reputation. 
Exception.     Objection  or  cause  of  offense. 
Execration.     A  curse  dictated  by  violent  feelings  of  hatred. 
Expostulation.     Reasoning  with  a  person  against  some  impropriety 

of  conduct. 
Exprobation.     An  offensive  accusation. 
Fie.     A  word  which  expresses  dislike. 
Hypercriticism.     Unjust  severity  or  rigor  of  criticism.      See  Desire- 

Particularness. 
Improbation.     Expression  of  disapproval. 
Increpation.     A  chiding;  rebuke. 
Innuendo.     A  remote  allusion,  usually  derogatory  to  a  person  not 

named. 
Insinuation.     A  hint  or  suggestion  of  disapproval  or  fault. 
Jobation.     A  long,  tedious  reproof. 

Objection.     Anything  expressed  or  presented  in  opposition. 
Objurgation.     A  reproof. 

Obloquy.     Language  that  casts  contempt  on  men  or  their  actions. 
Odium.     Quality  that  provokes  hatred. 
Ostracism.     Exclusion  from  society. 
Rebuke.     A  strong  and  authoritative  expression  of  disapproval  tot 

some  wrong  committed. 
Reflection.     Reproach  cast  upon  a  person. 


APPROVAL. 


59 


APPROVAL— DISAPPROVAL. 


APPROVAL— DISAPPROVAL— Continued. 


APPROVAL— Verbs— Continued. 
Approve.     Commend ;  regard  as  right  or  proper. 
Bepraise.     Praise  greatly. 

Bless.     Praise ;  invoke  God's  approval  and  favor  upon. 
Cheer.     Applaud  with  cheers. 
Clap.     Applaud  by  clapping  the  hands. 
Commend.     Approve  or  express  approval;  praise. 
Compliment.     Express  admiration,  commendation  or  approval. 
Countenance.     Look  upon  with  approval. 
Encore.     Call  for  the  repetition  of,  as  of  an  approved  performance. 

Indorse  *J  ^ve  sancti°n  or  approval  to;  put  your  name  on  the  back. 
Esteem.     Regard  as  worthy  or  excellent. 
Eulogize,     Praise  in  speech  or  writing. 
Exalt.     Highly  honor;  magnify. 
Extol.     Commend  in  the  highest  terms. 

Flatter,  etc.     Praise  or  approve  unduly  or  obsequiously.     See  Adu- 
lation. 
Glorify.     Make  glorious;  exalt  to  a  state  of  glory. 
Hail.     Greet  approvingly.  J 

Honor.     Regard  with  high  esteem  or  respect. 
Laud.     Praise  in  word,  or  in  word  and  song. 
Like,  etc.     Incline  approvingly  toward,  etc.     See  Love. 
Magnify.     Glorify;  extol. 

Panegyrize.     Pronounce  an  elaborate  eulogy  upon. 
Praise.     Express  approval  of.    * 
Prize.     Esteem  highly. 
Puff.     Praise  unduly,  flatter. 

Recommend.     Commend  to  the  favorable  treatment  of  another. 
Sanction.     Approve  authoritatively. 
SwelL     Puff  up. 

Uphold.     Give  approval  to;  regard  with  approval. 
Value.     Prize;  esteem  highly. 

Laudari  a  laudato  viro  [L.].     To  be  praised  by  a  man  who  is  praised. 
Proner  [P.].     Cry  up;  extol. 

Approval — Verbal  Expressions. 

Applaud  to  the  echo;  applaud  to  the  very  echo;  be  in  favor  of;  be  in 
favor  with;  be  in  high  favor  with;  be  praised,  etc.;  chant  the 
praises  of;  cheer  to  the  echo;  cheer  to  the  very  echo;  clap  on  the 
back;  clap  the  hands;  cry  up;  deserve  praise,  etc.  (see  sub  Noun); 
do  credit  to;  do  justice  to;  extol  to  the  skies;  find  favor  with;  gain 
credit;  give  a  blessing  to;  give  credit;  hail  with  satisfaction;  have 
a  good  word  for;  hold  in  esteem;  hold  up;  keep  in  countenance; 
look  up  to;  make  much  of;  mark  with  a  white  mark;  mark  with 
a  white  stone;  pass  muster,  pass  through  an  inspection  without 
censure;  pat  on  the  back;  pay  a  tribute;  receive  honorable  men- 
tion; recommend  itself;  redound  the  praises  of;  redound  to  the 
credit  of;  redound  to  the  honor  of;  redound  to  the  praise  of;  ring 
with  the  praises  of;  say  a  good  word  for;  set  great  store  by;  set 
great  store  on;  sing  praises  to;  sing  the  praises  of;  sound  the 
praises  of;  speak  highly  of;  speak  in  high  terms  of;  speak  well  of; 
stand  up  for;  stand  well  in  the  opinion  of;  stick  up  for;  think  good; 
think  highly  of;  think  much  of;  think  well  of;  win  golden  opinions; 
wish  Godspeed. 

Approval — Adjectives. 

Approved.     Commended;  sanctioned. 

Approving,  etc.     Commending,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Benedictory.      Expressing  good  wishes. 

Beyond  all  praise.     Above  all  praise. 

Commendable.     Creditable;  worthy  of  approval. 

Commendatory.      Expressing  approbation. 

Complimentary.      Expressing  admiration,  approbation,  or  the  like. 

Creditable.     Deserving  or  reflecting  credit  or  approbation. 

Deserving  praise,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Encomiastic.      Bestowing  praise  or  high  approval. 

Estimable.      Deserving  good  opinion  or  approval. 

Eulogistic.      Bestowing  high  praise. 

Good,  etc.  Having  physical  or  moral  qualities  that  may  be  ap- 
proved, etc.     See  Goodness. 

In  favor.     Favored;  approved. 

In  favor  of.     On  the  side  of;  approving. 

Ingoododor.     In  favor;  approved. 

In  high  esteem,  etc.  Respected;  highly  approved,  etc.  See  Re- 
gard. 

In  high  power.  Dominant,  as  a  political  party,  and  hence  approved 
by  the  majority. 

Laudatory.     Praising;  eulogizing. 

Lavish  of  praise.     Bestowing  praise  extravagantly. 


Remonstrance.     Earnest  presentation  of  reasons  in  opposition  to 

something. 
Reprehension.     A  calm,  just,  but  severe  disapproval  of  an  act. 
Reprimand.     Official  censure  by  a  superior  to  an  inferior. 
Reproach.     An  open  and  violent  censure,  with  deep  feeling  of  griei  or 

anger. 
Reprobation.     Strong  personal  disapproval. 

Reproof.     An  expression  of  blame  or  censure  expressed  to  the  face. 
Sarcasm.     A  keen,  reproachful  expression  uttered  with  some  degree 

of  scorn  or  contempt. 
Scolding.     A  harsh,  rude  and  boisterous  rebuke. 
Stricture.     A  touch  of  adverse  criticism. 

Upbraiding.     Charge    of    something    wrong    or    disgraceful. 
Vituperation.     A  severe  and  abusive  censure. 

Disapproval — Associated  Nouns. 
Bad  compliment;  bad  language  (see  Charitableness  -  Curse)  ; 
bitter  words;  black  look;  blow  up;  carping;  catcall;  cavil, 
clamor;  coup  de  bee  [F.],  blow  of  the  beak;  curtain  lecture; 
cutting  words;  diatribe,  a  strain  of  railing  or  abusive  language; 
dressing;  evil-speaking;  frown;  hard  words;  hiss;  hissing;  hit; 
home  thrust;  hue  and  cry;  jeremiad,  a  tale  of  disappointment  or 
complaint;  jeremiade  (see  Jeremiad) ;  lecture;  left-handed  com- 
pliment; outcry;  personality;  philippic;  poor  compliment;  rap  on 
the  knuckles;  rating;  sardonic  grin;  sardonic  laugh;  satire; 
scowl;  set  down;  sibilation;  slap;  slap  on  the  face;  sneer,  etc. 
(see  Regard-Scorn)  ;  taunt,  etc.  (see  Regard  -Disrespect); 
thunderation;  tirade;   trimming;  wigging. 

Disapproval — Verbs. 

Abuse.     To  treat  with  rude  and  reproachful  language. 

Accuse.     To  charge  with  a  crime  or  offense.     See  Justification- 
Charge. 

Admonish.     To  reprove  of  a  fault,  gently  or  kindly. 

Anathematize.     To  condemn  publicly  as  something  accursed. 

Avile.     To  lower  in  esteem  or  reputation. 

Backbite.     To  speak  evil  of  one  absent. 

Bespatter.     To  spread  foul  reports  or  false  and  injurious  charges. 

Blame.     To  find  fault  with. 

Brand.     To  mark  as  criminal  or  infamous. 

Castigate.     To  punish  with  blows. 

Cavil.     To  find  fault  without  good  reason. 

Censure.     To  find  fault  with  and  condemn  as  wrong. 

Chastise.     To  inflict  pain  upon  for  the  purpose  of  punishment  or 
reformation. 

Chide.     To  scold. 

Clamor.     To  complain  and  make  troublesome  demands. 

Clapperclaw.     To  abuse  with  the  tongue. 

Condemn.     To  declare  the  guilt  of. 

Correct.      To  reprove  or  punish  for  faults  or  moral  weaknesses. 

Criticize.     To  judge  severely. 

Decry.     To  declare  faulty,  mean  or  worthless. 

Defame.     To  harm  or  destroy  the  good  fame  or  reputation  of.     See 
Adulation-Disparagement. 

Denounce.     To  point  out  as  deserving  of  censure  or  punishment. 

Deprecate.     To  disapprove  of  strongly. 

Depreciate.     To  represent  as  of  little  claim  to  honor  or  esteem. 

Disapprove.     To  pass  unfavorable  judgment  upon. 

Discommend.     To  put  out  of  the  favor  of  any  one. 

Dislike.     To  regard  with  some  hatred  and  displeasure.     See  Desire 
Distaste. 

Disparage.     To  lower  in  rank  or  estimation  by  actions  or  words. 

Dispraise.     To  withdraw  praise  or  honor  from. 

Disvalue.     To  rob  of  real  worth  or  merit. 

Execrate.     To  protest  against  as  unholy  or  detestable.     See  Chari- 
tableness-Curse. 

Expose.     To  lay  open  to  public  inspection,  as  something  criminal  or 
shameful. 

Expostulate.     To  reason  earnestly  with  a  person  on  some  impro- 
priety of  conduct. 

Exprobate.     To  charge  as  shameful  or  disgraceful. 

Fronder  [F.].     To  cast  disfavor  upon. 

Impeach.     To  call  in  question  and  bring  discredit  upon, 

Improbate.     To  disapprove  of. 

Impugn.     To  attack  by  words  or  arguments? 

Insinuate.     To  hint  at  something  derogatory  to  one's  reputation. 

Jaw.     To  scold  or  clamor. 

Lament.     To  express  or  feel  sorrow  for.     See  Lamentation. 

Lampoon.     To  subject  to  abusive  ridicule  expressed  in  writing. 

Lash.     To  censure  with  severity. 

Lecture.     To  reprove  formally  and  with  authority. 

Mob.     To  crowd  about  and  attack  or  annoy. 


APPROVAL. 


60 


APPROVAL— DISAPPROVAL. 


APPROVAL—  DISAPPROVAL— Continued. 


APPROVAL — Adjectives — Continued. 
Lost  in  admiration.     Occupied  with  admiring  so  as  to  be  insensible  to 

external  things. 
Meritorious.     Praiseworthy;  deserving  high  approval. 
Of  estimation.     Commendable;  estimable. 
Panegyrical     Praising  elaborately. 
Plausible.     Calculated  to  win  approval  or  confidence. 
Popular.     Approved  by  the  people. 

Praised,  etc.     Commended  and  approved,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Praiseworthy.     Worthy  of  commendation  and  approval. 
Uncensured     Exempt  from  blame. 
Uncritical.     Approving  without  judgment. 

Unimpeachable.     Blameless;  free  from  stain  or  fault;  approved. 
Unimpeached.     Not  called  in  question;  not  discredited. 
Worthy  of  praise,  etc.    Worthy  of  commendation  and  approval,  etc. 

See  Nouns. 

Approval — Ad-verbs. 

To  admiration.     Admirably. 

Well,  etc.     In  a  commendable  manner,  etc.     See  Good. 

With  credit.     Creditably;  with  approval. 

With  three  times  three.     With  three  cheers  thrice  repeated. 

App  ro  v  a  l — Interject  ions . 

Bis/  [L.],  twicel  bravissimol  [It.],  very  well  done;  bravo!  [It.],  well 
done!  encore!  [F.],  once  more!  esto  perpetua  [L.j,  let  it  last  for- 
ever; euge!  [L.],  bravo;  ewiva!  [It.],  hurrah;  Godspeed!  hear, 
hear !  long  life  to !  may  you  never  be  less !  may  your  shadow  never 
be  less!  one  cheer  more!  optime!  [L.j  very  well;  quite  right;  so 
far  so  good;  that's  right;  valete  ac  plaudite  [L.J,  farewell  and 
applaud;  viva!  [L.],  live;  well  done. 

Approval — Phrases. 

En  mauvaise  odeur  [F.].     In  bad  odor. 

Les    belles  actions   cache'es  sont  les  plus  estimables  [F.].     Beautiful 

acts  hidden  are  the  most  worthy  of  praise. 
Tacent,  satis  laudant  [L.j.     They  are  silent,  they  give  enough  praise. 
Vivat  respublica  !  [L.].     Long  live  the  republic. 
Vivat  rex  !  [L.j.     Long  live  the  king. 


DISAPPROVAL — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  :i. 

Clamorous.     Complaining  in  noisy  language. 

Condemnatory.     Containing  censure. 

Critical.     Inclined  to  criticize  or  find  fault. 

Cutting.     Severe;  sarcastic. 

Cynical.     Given  to  sneering  at  rectitude  and  the  conduct  of  life  by 

moral  principles. 
Damnatory.     Expressing  the  highest  condemnation. 
Defamatory.     Injurious  to  reputation.     See  sub  Detraction. 
Denunciatory.     Accusing;  threatening. 
Disapproved.     Regarded  with  disfavor. 
Disapproving,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Disparaging.     Undervaluing. 
Dry.     Severe,  grave  or  hard;  withering. 
Exceptionable.     Objectionable. 
Exploded.     Rejected  with  open  contempt.    - 
Fastidious.     Difficult  to  please.     See  Desire-Particularness. 
Grudging  praise.     Praising  with  envy. 
Hard  upon.     Severe. 

Hypercritical.     Unreasonably  or  unjustly  critical. 
In  bad  odor.     Out  of  all  favor. 
Not  to  be  thought  of. 
Objurgatory.     Expressing  reproof. 
Reprehensible.     Worthy  of  blame 
Reproachful.     Abusive. 
Sarcastic.     Scornfully  severe. 
Sardonic.     Derisive;  mocking. 
Scandalized.     Disgraced. 
Severe.     Very  strict  in  judgment. 
Sharp.     Cutting  in  language. 
Sparing  of  praise.     Not  giving  full  credit 
To  blame.     Guilty. 
Trenchant.     Keen;  biting. 
Unapproved.     Unfavorable. 
Unbewailed.     Not  mourned  for. 
Unblest.     Accursed. 

Uncommendable.     Not  worthy  of  praise. 
Unlamented.     Unwept  for. 


DISAPPROVAL— Verbs— Continued. 

Objurgate.     To  rebuke  severely. 

Ostracize.     To  cast  out  from  social,  political,  or  private  favor. 

Overhaul.     To  examine  thoroughly  with  a  view  to  correction. 

Rate.     To  scold  or  censure  violently. 

Rebuke.     To  restrain  by  expression  of  disapproval. 

Recriminate.     To  return  one  charge  or  accusation  with  another. 

Remonstrate.     To  present  and  urge  reasons  in  opposition  to  an  act, 
measure,  or  any  course  of  proceeding. 

Reprehend.     To  make  charge  of  fault  against. 

Reprimand.     To  reprove  publicly  and  officially. 

Reproach.     To  bring  disgrace  or  shame  upon. 

Reprobate.     To  disapprove  with  marks  of  extreme  dislike. 

Reprove.     To  chide  to  the  face  as  blameworthy. 

Revile.     To  address  or  abuse  with  mean  and  disgraceful  language. 

Revolt.     To  be  disgusted,  shocked  or  grossly  offended  with. 

Satirize.     To  censure  with  keenness. 

Scandalize.     To  bring  shame  or  disgrace  upon. 

Scold.     To  chide  with  rudeness  or  clamor. 

Shock.     To  strike  with  horror  or  disgust. 

Snub.     To  treat  with  contempt  or  neglect. 

Stigmatize.  t   To  set  a  mark  of  disgrace  upon. 

Taunt.     To  jeer  at  with  insulting  words.     See  Regard-Disrespect. 

Trim.     To  rebuke. 

Trounce.     To  punish  or  beat  severely. 

Twit.     To  vex  by  reminding  of  a  fault. 

Upbraid.     To  charge  with  something  wrong  or  disgraceful. 

Vilify.     To  degrade  or  debase  by  false  report. 

Vilipend.     To  slight,  to  value  lightly. 

Vituperate.     To  overwhelm  with  wordy  abuse. 

Disapproval — Verbal  Expressions. 

Abuse  like  a  pickpocket;  animadvert  upon;  bark  at;  be  censorious* 
etc.  (see  sub  Adjective);  bend  the  brows;  be  outspoken;  be  scan- 
dalized at;  be  under  a  cloud;  blowup;  bring  a  hornet's  nest  about 
one *s  ears;  bring  over  the  coals;  bring  to  account;  bring  to  book; 
bringtoorder;  call  by  hard  names;  callby  ugly  names;  callnames; 
call  over  the  coals;  call  to  account;  call  to  order;  carp  at;  casta 
slur  upon;  cast  blame  upon;  cast  reflection  upon;  cast  reproach 
upon;  come  under  the  ferule;  cry  down;  cry  out  against;  cry 
shame  upon;  cut  up;  damn  with  faint  praise;  declare  against; 
draw  up  a  round  robin,  to  draw  up  a  written  remonstrance,  the 
signatures  to  which  are  made  in  a  circle  so  as  not  to  indicate  who 
signed  first;  excite  disapprobation;  exclaim  against;  fall  foul  of; 
find  fault  with;  forfeit  one's  good  opinion;  frown  down;  frown 
upon;  fulminate  against;  get  a  bad  name;  give  a  rap  on  the 
knuckles;  give  it  one;  give  it  one  finely;  give  one  a  lick  with  the 
rough  side  of  the  tongue;  give  one  a  wipe;  glance  at;  have  a  fling 
at;  have  a  snap  at;  have  to  answer  for;  have  words  with;  hint  a 
fault  and  hesitate  dislike;  hold  up  to  execration;  hold  up  to  repro- 
bation; incur  blame;  inveigh  against;  knit  the  brows;  laver  la 
tete  [F.],  to  rate  a  person;  lay  blame  upon;  load  with  reproaches; 
look  askance;  look  black  upon ;  look  grave;  look  with  an  evil  eye; 
make  a  fuss  about;  make  a  wry  face  at;  make  a  wry  mouth  at; 
nibble  at;  nil  admirari  [L.],  to  wonder  at  nothing;  not  speak  well 
of;  not  to  be  able  to  say  much  for;  object  to;  pass  censure  on; 
peck  at;  pick  a  hole;  pick  a  hole  in  one's  coat;  pick  holes;  pick  to 
pieces;  pluck  a  crow  with;  point  at;  protest  against;  pull  to  pieces; 
pull  up;  rail  at;  rail  in  good  set  terms;  raise  a  hue  and  cry  against; 
raise  one's  voice  against;  read  a  lecture  to;  read  a  lesson  to;  reflect 
upon;  rundown;  scoff  at;  set  down;  set  one*s  face  against;  shake  ' 
the  head  at;  show  up;  shrug  the  shoulders;  sign  a  round  robin 
(see  Draw  up  a  round  robin);  snap  one  up;  sneer  at  (see 
Regard-Scorn);  speak  daggers;  speak  ill  of;  stand  corrected; 
take  blame;  take  down;  take  exception;  take  exception  to;  take 
to  task;  take  up;  think  ill  of ;  throw  a  stone  at;  throw  a  stone  in 
one's  garden;  turn  up  the  nose  (see  Regard-Scorn);  view  with 
dark  eyes;  view  with  disfavor;  view  with  jaundiced  eyes. 

Disapproval — Adjectives. 
Abusive.     Prone  to  ill  treat  by  coarse,  insulting  words. 
Answerable.     Obliged  to  account  for. 
At  a  discount.     Poorly  esteemed. 
Bad.     Unfavorable  or  offensive.     See  sub  Badnes3. 
Biting.     Cutting  or  sarcastic. 
Blameworthy.     Deserving  blame. 
Blown  upon.     Brought  into  discredit. 
Captious.     Apt  to  catch  at  faults. 
Carping.     Fault-finding. 

Censorious.     Severe  in  making  remarks  on  others. 
Chid.     Scolded.     See  Verbs. 

(Continued on  Column  i.) 


APPROACH— DISAPPROVAL. 


61 


ARCADE. 


DISAPPROVAL— Adjectives— Continued. 


Unpitied.     Mercilest. 

Vicious.     Spiteful. 

Vituperative.     Characterized  by  abuse. 


Weighed  in  the  balance  and  found  wanting.     Unapproved. 
Withering.     Blighted. 
Worthy  of  blame. 


Reproachfully,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 


Disapproval — Adverbs. 

With  a  wry  face. 

Disapproval — Interjections. 

Away  with!  comet  fie!  fie  for  shame!  fie  upon  it!   forbid  it  Heaven  1  O  the  manners!  out  on  you!  out  upon  it!   'sdeath!  God's  death; 

God  forbid!  Heaven  forbid !  it  is  too  bad!  it  will  never  do !  it  won't  shame!  tell  it  not  in  Gath  I  tut  I 

do!   marry  come  up!  oh!  O  temporal  O  mores  I  [L.].  O  the  times! 


ap-prove'.     To  commend.     Approval-Disapproval. 

ap-proved'.     Sanctioned.     Approval-Disapproval. 

ap-prove'-ment.  Commendation.  Approval-Disap- 
proval. 

ap-prov'-ing.    Commending.    Approval-Disapproval. 

ap-prox'-i-mate .  Near  in  position,  time,  or  character; 
to  come  close  to.  Approach-Withdrawal,  Con- 
nection -  Independence,  Likeness  -  Unlikeness, 
Numbering,  Remoteness-Nearness. 

ap-prox"-i-ma'-tion.  A  bringing  near.  Approach- 
Withdrawal,  Connection-Independence,  Like- 
ness-Unlikeness,  Numbering. 

ap-prox'-i-ma-tive.  Approximate.  Approach-With- 
drawal, Connection-Independence. 

ap'-pulse.  Approach  of  one  body  towards  another. 
Approach- Withdrawal,  Concentration-Radia- 
tion, Impetus-Reaction,  Interspace-Contact. 

ap-pur'-te-nance.  A  minor  thing  joined  to  a  principal 
one.    Constituent-Alien,  Property,  Whole-Part. 

ap-pur'-te-nant .  Belonging  to  something  more  impor- 
tant.   Connection-Independence. 

apres  nous  le  deluge  [F.]  (a-pre'  nu  le  de-luzh').  After 
us  the  deluge.     Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

a'-pri-cot.  A  peach-like  fruit  of  a  yellow  color.  Apricot 
color,  Blueness-Orange. 

A'-pril.  Fourth  month  of  the  year.  April  fool,  Gull- 
Deceiver,  Society-Laughingstock;  April  showers, 
Mutability-Stability;  make  an  April  fool  of, 
Truthfulness-Fraud,  Regard-Disrespect. 

a'-pron.  An  article  of  clothing.  Attack-Defense, 
Dress-Undress,  Vestments. 

a"-pro-pos'.  Suited  to  the  occasion;  by  the  way. 
Connection  -  Independence,  Harmony  -  Discord, 
Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

a'-pro-type.    Close  type.    Writing-Printing. 

apse.    The  bishop's  seat  in  ancient  churches.    Fane. 

ap'-si-des.  A  point  of  an  electric  orbit  which  is  nearest 
to  or  farthest  from  the  center  of  attraction.  Astron- 
omy. 

apt.  Liable;  naturally  gifted.  Education-Misteach- 
ing,  Harmony-Discord,  Inclination,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness. 

apt'-i-tude.  Quickness  of  understanding.  Harmony- 
Discord,  Inclination,  Readiness-Reluctance, 
Skill-Unskilfulness. 

apt-ness.  Quickness.  Education-Misteaching,  Har- 
mony-Discord, Inclination,  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness. 

a"-qua-ma-rine' .  A  bluish-green  color.  Mineralogy, 
Redness-Greenness. 

a-qua'-ri-um.  A  place  for  keeping  aquatic  animals. 
Domestication-Agriculture. 

A-qua'-ri-us.  The  eleventh  sign  of  the  zodiac.  Water- 
bearer,  Astronomy,  River-Wind. 

a-quat'-ic.     Pertaining  to  water.    Water-Air. 

a-quat'-ics.  Aquatic  sports.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Traveling-Navigation. 

a"-qua-tin'-ta.    A  kind  of  engraving.    Engraving. 

aq'-ue-duct.  A  water-conduit.  Watercourse-Air- 
pipe. 

a'-que-ous.     Watery.     Water-Air. 


aquila  non  capit  muscas  [L.]  (aq'-ui-la  non  kfi'-pit 
mus'-kas).  An  eagle  does  not  catch  flies.  Likeli- 
hood-Unlikelihood. 

aq'-ui-line.    Hooked  like  a  beak.     Angularity. 

A.  R.  Anno  Regni.  In  the  year  of  the  reign.  Dura- 
tion-Neverness. 

Ar'-ab.  An  Arabian;  a  wanderer;  an  Arabian  horse. 
Conveyer,  Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

a-ra'-ba.     An  ox-cart.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

ar"-a-besque' .  Fanciful  ornamentation.  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement. 

A-ra'-bi-an.  Pertaining  to  Arabia.  Arabian  Nights, 
Fancy;  Arabian  perfumes,  Perfume-Stench. 

ar'-a-ble.  Fit  for  cultivation.  Domestication-Agri- 
culture. 

ar'-bi-ter.  A  judge.  Advice,  Decision-Misjudgment, 
Judge,  Manager. 

arbiter  bibendi  [L.]  (ar'-bi-ter  bi-ben'-dai) .  Toast- 
master.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

arbiter  elegantiarum  [L.]  (ar'-bi-ter  el-i-gan"-shi-e'- 
rum).  A  polished  judge.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness,  Society-Ludicrousness,   Taste-Vulgarity. 

ar-bit'-ra-ment.  Decision  oi  an  arbitrator.  Decision- 
Misjudgment;  arbitrament  of  the  sword,  Fighting- 
Conciliation. 

ar'-bi-tra-ri-ness.  State  of  not  being  fixed  by  law. 
Law-Lawlessness,  Tyranny-Anarchy. 

ar'-bi-tra-ry.  Done  at  pleasure;  tyrannical.  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Connection-Independence,  Conven- 
tion ality-Uncon  ventionai.it  y,  Harshness-Mild- 
ness, Law-Lawlessness,  Persistence-Whim,  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness, Rule-License;  arbi- 
trary power,  Harshness-Mildness. 

ar'-bi-trate.  To  settle  by  arbitration.  Decision-Mis- 
judgment, Mediation. 

ar"-bi-tra'-tion.  A  hearing  and  decision  by  arbitrators. 
Decision-Misjudgment,  Judge,  Mediation;  court 
of  arbitration,  Tribunal;  submit  to  arbitration,  Com- 
position. 

ar'-bi-tra"-tor.  An  arbiter.  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment. 

arbitrium,  ad  [L.]  (ar-bit'-ri-um,  ad).  According  to  the 
will  or  judgment.     Volition-Obligation. 

arbitrium,  hberum  [L.]  (ar-bit'-ri-um,  lib'-er-um). 
Free  will.     Volition-Obligation. 

ar'-bor.  A  bower  or  summer  house;  principal  shaft  of 
a  machine.  City-Country,  Contents-Receiver, 
Dweller  -  Habitation,  Entertainment  -Weari- 
ness, Revolution-Evolution,  Suspension-Sup- 
port. 

ar'-bor-a-ry.     Pertaining  to  trees.     Fauna-Flora. 

ar-bo'-re-al.    Relating  to  trees.    Fauna-Flora. 

ar"-bo-res'-cence.  The  state  of  being  tree-like.  Pro- 
portion-Deformity. 

ar"-bo-res'-cent.  Tree-like.  Fauna-Flora,  Propor- 
tion-Deformity, Smoothness-Roughness. 

ar'-bor-i-cul"-ture.  Cultivation  of  trees.  Domestica- 
tion-Agriculture. 

ar'-bor-i-form.    Tree-like.    Proportion-Deformity. 

arc.    A  bow.    Curvature-Rectilinearity. 

ar-cade'.     Vaulted  passageway  or  street.     Aperture- 


ARCADE. 


G2 


ARCHITECTURE. 


Closure,  Architecture,  Curvature-Rectiline- 
arity,  Dweller-Habitation. 

Arcades  ambo  [L.]  (ar-ke'-dez  am'-bo).  Arcadians 
both.  Friend-Foe,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Uni- 
formity-Diversity. 

Ar-ca'-di-a.  A  place  where  rustic  simplicity  and 
content  prevails.  City-Country,  Heaven-Hell, 
Pleasure-Pain. 

Ar-ca'-di-an.  Rustic  or  pastoral.  City-Country, 
Craft-Artlessness,  Innocence-Guilt. 

ar-ca'-num,    A  secret  or  mystery.    Tidings-Mystery. 

arch.  A  bow-like  curve,  structure,  or  object;  sly; 
most  important.  Architecture,  Convexity-Con- 
cavity,    Craft-Artlessness,     Curvation-Recti- 

LINEARITY,  MaGNITUDE-SmALLNESS,  SAGACITY-lNCA- 

pacity,  Suspension-Support;  triumphal  arch,  Sol- 
emnization, Trophy;  arch  over,  Curvation-Recti- 
linearity. 

Ar-chae'-an.  Pertaining  to  the  oldest  period  in  geo- 
logical history.     Geology. 

ar"-chae-o-log'-ic-al.  Versed  in  antiquity.  Future- 
Past. 

ar"-chae-ol'-o-gist.  One  who  investigates  ancient  relics 
and  remains.    Future-Past,  Scholar-Dunce. 

ar"-chse-ol'-o-gy.  Study  of  man  through  ancient 
records  and  remains.     Future-Past. 

ar-cha'-ic.  Belonging  to  a  former  period.  Novelty- 
Antiquity,  Word-Neology. 

ar'-cha-ism.  Anything  archaic.  Future-Past,  Word- 
Neology. 

arch"-an'-gel .    An  angel  of  high  rank.    Angel-Satan. 

axch"-bish'-op.  The  chief  bishop  of  a  province.  Min- 
istry-Laity. 

arch"-bish'-op-ric.    Office  of  an  archbishop.    Church. 

arch"-dea'-con.  A  high  church  officer.  Ministry- 
Laity. 

arch"-duke'.    Son  of  an  emperor.    Chief-Underling. 

ar"-che-bi-o'-sis.  Abiogenesis.  Creation-Destruc- 
tion. 

arched.     Bowed  in  a  curve.    Convexity-Concavity. 

arch"-e-gen'-e-sis.  First  creation.  Creation-De- 
struction. 

arch'-er.  One  who  uses  bow  and  arrow.  Belligerent, 
Push-Pull. 

arch'-er-y.  Art  of  shooting  with  a  bow.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Push-Pull;  archery  ground, 
Entertainment-Weariness. 

Arch'-es,  Court  of.  An  English  ecclesiastical  court  of 
appeal.     Church-Tribunal. 

ar'-che-type.    A  model.    Copy-Model. 

ar-che'-us.     The  soul  of  the  world.     Life-Death. 

arch'-fiend".     The  devil.     Angel-Satan. 

ar"-chi-a'-ter.     A  chief  physician.     Advice. 

ar"-chi-e-pis'-co-pa-cy.  Rule  of  an  archbishop.  Church. 

ar"-chi-e-pis'-co-pal.  Pertaining  to  an  archbishop. 
Church. 

ar"-chi-per-a-go.  A  collection  of  islands.  Swamp- 
Island. 

ar'-chi-tect.  One  who  plans  something.  Agent, 
Maker-Destroyer. 

ar'-chi-tec"-ture.  Science  of  designing  and  construct- 
ing buildings.  Creation-Destruction,  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement, Nature-Art,  Organ- 
ization-Disorganization, Texture. 

ARCHITECTURE 

Aichitecture.  The  science  and  art  of  designing  and  constructing 
buildings  or  other  structures .  a  style  or  system  of  building 

Architecture— Associated  Nouns. 

Abacus-  A  tablet,  panel  or  compartment  in  ornamented  or  mosaic 
work 

Abbey.  The  buildings  of  a  monastery  or  nunnery,  a  place  of  wor- 
ship 


Acanthus.      A  conventionalized  representation  of  the  acanthus  leaf. 

Acroterium.     A  small  pedestal. 

Alhambra.     The  palace  of  the  Moorish  kings  a*  Granada. 

Amphiprostyle.  A  temple  having  columns  at  each  end  but  not  at  the 
sides 

Amphitheater.  An  edifice  of  elliptical  shape,  constructed  about  a 
central  open  space,  with  tiers  of  seats  sloping  upward  and  back- 
ward. 

Annulet.     A  small  projecting  molding. 

Anta.     A  pier  produced  by  thickening  a  wall  at  its  termination. 

Antefix.     An  ornament  at  the  eaves,  or  fixed  upon  a  frieze. 

Arcade.     A  vaulted  passageway. 

Arch.  Any  structure  supported  at  the  sides  or  ends  only,  and 
formed  of  distinct  pieces  no  one  of  which  spans  the  opening. 

Arris.  An  external  angle;  the  sharp  ridge  between  two  channels  of 
a  Doric  column. 

Astragal.  A  molding  surrounding  the  top  of  a  column  in  the  form 
of  a  ring. 

Atlantes.     Male  human  figures,  used  in  place  of  columns  or  pilasters. 

Balcony.  A  balustraded  platform  projecting  from  a  wall;  a  tier  of 
seats  in  a  theater. 

Baldachin.     A  canopy  of  rich  stuff,  or  of  stone  or  metal. 

Baluster.     A  small  pillar,  one  of  a  series  supporting  a  hand-rail. 

Balustrade.  A  railing  formed  of  a  range  of  balusters  supporting  a 
hand-rail. 

Bartizan.     A  turret,  with  loopholes,  ju.tting  out  from  a  wall. 

Base.     The  lowest  or  supporting  part. 

Bastion.     A  projecting  work  having  two  faces  and  two  flanks. 

Battlement.  A  parapet  having  in  its  upper  line  a  range  of  indenta- 
tions. 

Bay  window.  A  window-structure  of  angular  plan,  projecting  out- 
ward from  a  wall  and  reaching  to  the  ground. 

Bema.  That  part  of  an  early  Christian  church  which  was  reserved 
for  the  higher  clergy. 

Billet.     An  ornament  in  Norman  work. 

Bossage.  Rustic  work,  consisting  of  stones  which  seem  to  advance 
beyond  the  level  of  the  building. 

Bracket.  A  piece  projecting  from  a  vertical  surface,  so  as  to  support 
shelf,  mirror,  coping,  etc. 

Bucrania.     Sculptured  ornaments. 

Buttress.     Any  support  or  prop. 

Canopy.     A  covering  suspended  over  a  Jirone.  shrine,  bed,  etc. 

Cantilever.     A  heavy  bracket  supporting  a  cornice  or  balcony. 

Capital.     The  upper  member  of  a  column,  pillar,  pier,  or  pilaster. 

Caryatid.     A  draped  female  figure  supporting  an  entablature. 

Catherine-wheel  window.     A  rose  T  indow  or  wheel  window. 

Chaptrel.     An  impost. 

Chevrons.     Rafters,  in  a  gable  roof,  that  meet  at  the  ridge. 

Cinquefoil.     A  five-cusped  ornament  or  window 

Clustered  column.  A  column  which  is  composed,  or  appears  to  be 
composed,  of  several  columns  collected  together. 

Column.  A  vertical  shaft,  usually  cylindrical  and  having  both  a 
base  and  a  capital,  designed  to  support  an  entablature,  balcony, 
etc. 

Composite  capital.  A  capital  belonging  to  an  order  composed  of 
Ionic  grafted  upon  the  Corinthian. 

Composite  order.  An  order  which  is  composed  of  the  Ionic  order 
grafted  upon  the  Corinthian. 

Console.     A  corbel. 

Corbel.  One  of  a  series  of  brackets,  often  ornamental,  projecting 
from  the  face  of  a  wall,  the  basket-shaped  cushion  of  the  Corinth- 
ian capital. 

Corinthian  order.  The  most  ornamental  of  the  three  orders  of  archi- 
tecture used  by  the  Greeks. 

Cornice.  Ornamental  molding,  as  one  running  around  the  walls  of  a 
room  close  to  the  ceiling. 

Crenelated  molding.  A  kind  of  indented  molding  used  in  Normaa 
buildings. 

Crocket.  A  projecting  ornament  usually  terminating  in  a  floral 
curve  or  roll. 

Cupola.     A  doma. 

Curb-roof.  A  roof  having  two  sets  of  rafters,  the  upper  ones  having 
much  less  inclination  than  the  lower. 

Cyma  recta.     A  cyma,  hollow  in  its  upper  part  and  swelling  below. 

Cyma  reverse.  A  cyma  swelling  out  on  the  upper  part  and  hollow 
below 

Dome.     A  roof  in  the  form  of  a  half  globe. 

Doric  capital.     A  capital  of  the  simplest  order  known  to  the  Greeks. 

Doric  order.  The  oldest  and  simplest  of  the  three  orders  of  archi- 
tecture used  by  the  Greeks. 

Dormer  window.  A  window  pierced  in  a  roof,  and  so  set  as  to  be 
vertical  while  the  roof  slopes  away  from  it. 

Eaves.     The  projecting  edge  of  a  roof,  serving  to  shed  rain-water. 


ARCHITECTURE. 


63 


ARE. 


Eavings.      Eaves. 

Ecfteum.  Bell-shaped  vase  used  as  a  sounding-hoard  in  Greek  theaters. 

Echinus.     The  cushion  of  the  capital  of  a  Doric  column. 

Engaged  column.  A  column  engaged  in  a  wall,  so  that  only  a  part 
of  its  circumference  projects  from  it. 

Festoon.     Ornamental  carving  hanging  in  a  curve  between  two  points. 

Finial.     An  ornament  at  the  apex  of  a  spire,  pinnacle  or  the  like. 

Flying  buttress.  A  contrivance  for  taking  up  the  thrust  of  a  roof  or 
vault  which  cannot  be  supported  by  ordinary  buttresses. 

Foils.     Leaf-like  divisions  in  architectural  ornamentation. 

Foliations.      Decorations  with  foliated  tracery. 

Fret.     Ornamental  work  in  relief,  done  by  carving  or  embossing. 

Frieze.     Flat  part  under  the  cornice  of  a  column. 

Gable.  The  triangular  end  of  a  wall,  above  the  level  of  the  eaves; 
the  entire  end  wall  of  a  building. 

Gargoyle.  A  spout  projecting  from  the  roof  gutter  of  a  building, 
often  carved  grotesquely. 

Groined  arch.     An  arch  built  with  groins. 

Groins.     Angular  curve  formed  by  the  intersection  of  two  arches. 

Guilloche.  An  ornament  in  the  form  of  two  or  more  bands  or  strings 
twisted  over  each  other  in  a  continued  series,  leaving  circular  open- 
ings, which  are  filled  with  round  ornaments. 

Guttae      Drop-like  ornaments. 

Hammer-beam  roof.  A  roof  so  formed  as  not  to  have  a  tiebeam  at 
the  top  of  the  wall. 

Hance.  That  part  of  an  elliptical  or  many-centered  arch  which  has 
the  shorter  radius  and  immediately  adjoins  the  impost. 

Haunch.     The  shoulder  of  an  arch. 

Helices.     Figures  like  the  tendrils  of  a  vine. 

Hip-knob.  An  ornament  at  the  intersection  of  the  hip  rafters  and 
the  ridge. 

Hip-roof.  A  roof  rising  directly  from  the  wall-plate  on  all  sides  and 
so  having  no  gable. 

Impost.     The  plane  from  which  an  arch  springs. 

Interlacing  arches.  Arches,  usually  circular,  so  constructed  that 
their  archi  volts  intersect  and  seem  to  be  interlaced. 

Inverted  arches.     Arches  placed  with  crown  downward. 

Ionic  order.  An  order  of  architecture  invented  by  the  Greeks,  the 
distinguishing  feature  of  which  is  a  capital  with  spiral  volutes. 

Keystone.  The  central  or  topmost  stone  of  an  arch,  which  com- 
pletes it  and  locks  its  members  together. 

King-post.  A  single  vertical  strut  supporting  the  apex  of  a  triangu- 
lar truss  and  itself  supported  by  a  cross-beam. 

Lancet-window.     An  acutely  pointed  window. 

Lattice-window.  Openwork  formed  by  crossing  or  interlacing  strips 
or  bars,  which  cover  a  window. 

Lattice-work.  Any  work  of  wood  or  metal,  made  by  crossing  laths, 
or  thin  strips,  and  forming  a  network. 

Lean-to.  A  building  having  a  single-pitched  roof,  with  its  apex 
against  an  adjoining  wall  or  building. 

Leaves.     Hinged  or  sliding  parts,  as  of  a  door,  table,  etc. 

Linen-scroll.     An  ornament  for  filling  panels. 

Lintel.     The  horizontal  top  piece  of  a  doorway. 

Loggia.  A  covered  gallery  or  portico,  having  a  colonnade  on  one  or 
more  sides,  open  to  the  air;  a  large  ornamental  window. 

Lotus.     An  ornament  much  used  in  Egyptian  architecture. 

Louver- window.  A  lantern-like  cupola  or  turret  on  the  roof  of  a 
medieval  dwelling. 

Lozenge- window.  A  window  made  of  lozenge -shaped  panes  set 
diagonally. 

Lunette.     Opening  in  a  concave  ceiling  to  admit  light. 

Machicolation.  An  opening  between  a  wall  and  a  parapet  to  per- 
mit missiles  or  boiling  liquids  to  be  dropped  upon  an  enemy. 

Metope.  A  square  slab,  sculptured  or  plain,  between  triglyphs  in  a 
Doric  frieze. 

Minaret.  A  slender  tower  characteristic  of  mosques,  built  of  several 
stories,  each  surrounded  by  a  balcony. 

Modillion.     An  ornamental  bracket. 

Moorish  capital.  The  capital  in  the  style  of  architecture  developed 
by  the  Moors  in  the  later  Middle  Ages. 

Moresque.  The  Moresque  style  of  architecture  or  decoration,  con- 
sisting of  interfacings,  relief,  etc.,  highly  colored  and  gilded. 

Mullion.  A  division -piece  between  the  lights  of  windows,  or  the 
bays  or  panels  in  wainscoting. 

MultifoiL  An  ornamental  foliation  consisting  of  more  than  five  divi- 
sions or  foils. 

Mutule.  One  of  a  series  of  rectangular  impending  blocks  under  a 
Done  corona,  with  dependent  drop-like  ornaments  called  gutta;. 

Nave.     The  main  body  of  a  church,  between  the  aisles. 

Niche.     A  recess  in  a  wall,  as  for  a  statue. 

Oriel.     A  window  resting  on  a  bracket  or  corbel. 

Ovolo.      A  convex  molding. 

Patera.  A  circular  ornament,  resembling  a  dish,  aften  worked  m 
relief  on  friezes,  and  the  like. 


Pavilion.     A  movable  or  open  structure  for  temporary  shelter,  cniu. 

tainment,  or  dwelling. 
Pedestal.     A  base  or  support,  as  for  a  column  or  statue. 
Pediment.     A  triangular  member  having  a  small  altitude  compared 

with  its  base,  framed  in  by  a  cornice,  and  surmounting  a  portico. 
Pendant.     A  hanging  ornament  on  roofs  ceilings,  etc. 
Pentastyle.     A  portico  having  five  columns. 
Pent  roof.     A  roof  having  only  one  slope  or  pitch. 
Peristyle.     A  system  of  columns  surrounding  a  building  or  an  inter- 
nal court. 
Pilaster.     A  right-angled  columnar  projection  from  a  pier  or  wall 
Pinnacle.     A  small  turret  or  tall  ornament,  usually  tapering,  as  on  a 

parapet. 
Quoin.     A  large  square  ashlar  or  stone  at  the  angle  of  a  wall;  e 

wedge-shaped  stone  of  an  arch. 
Roman  Doric.     Roman  modification  of  the  Doric  order  of  architec- 
ture. 
Scroll.     Any  spiral  line  used  as  an  ornament. 
Soffit.     The  under  side  of  a  staircase,  entablature  lintel,  archwav,  or 

cornice. 
Spandrel    The  triangular  space  between  the  shoulder  of  an  arch  and 

the  rectangular  figure  formed  by  the  moldings,  etc.,  over  it. 
Spire.     The  tapering  or  pyramidal  roof  of  a  tower    the  tapering  part 

of  a  steeple. 
Stall.     A  partially  enclosed  seat,  as  in  the  orchestra  of  a  theater;  a 

compartment  in  which  a  horse  or  bovine  animal  is  confined  and  fed. 
Steeple.     A  lofty  structure  rising  above  the  roof  of  a  church:  usually 

a  tower  surmounted  with  a  spire. 
Straight  arch.     A  form  of  arch  in  which  the  intrados  is  straight. 
Tower.     A  structure  larger  than  a  pinnacle  and  less  tapering  than  a 

steeple. 
Tracery.     Ornamental  stonework  formed  of  ramifying  lines. 
Trefoil.     An   architectural   ornament  resembling   the   three-leaved 

clover. 
Triforium.      Open  gnllery  in  the  wall  above  the  arches  of  the  nave. 
Triglyph.      A  grooved  tablet  in  the  frieze  of  the  Doric  order. 
Tubular  bridge.     A  bridge  in  the  form  of  a  hollow  trunk,  made  of 

iron  plates  riveted  together. 
Turnstile.     A  frame  in  the  form  of  a  horizontal  X    pivoted  on  an 

upright  post,  to  turn  as  people  pass  through  it. 
Turret.     A  small  tower. 

Tuscan  capital.     A  capital  of  the  Tuscan  order  of  architecture. 
Tuscan  order.     One  of  the  five  orders  of  architecture.     It  admits  of 

no  ornaments. 
Veranda.     An  open  portico  or  gallery  extending  along  one  or  more 

sides  of  a  building. 
Volute.     A  spiral  ornament  characteristic  of  Ionic  and  Corinthian 

capitals;  a  scroll. 

Architecture — Adjective. 
Inclave.     Shaped  like  a  series  of  dovetails. 

ar'-chi-trave .     A  chief  beam.     Top-Bottom. 

ar'-chive.  A  depositary  for  documents;  a  document. 
Mark-Obliteration. 

arch'-lute.  A  large  double-necked  lute.  Musical  In- 
struments. 

arch'-ness.     Roguishness.     Craft-Artlessness. 

ar'-chon.  A  chief  magistrate.  Chief-Underling, 
Judge,  President-Member.  Representative. 

arch'-trai"-tor.  The  chief  criminal.  Uprightness- 
Rogue. 

arc-lights.     Large  electric  lights.     Electricity. 

arc'-tic.  Cold;  near  the  north  pole.  Heat-Cold, 
Later  ality-Contraposition. 

ar'-cu-ate.    Arc-like.    Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

ar"-cu-a'-tion.  Curvature.  Curvation-Rectiline- 
arity. 

ar'-dent.  Passionate;  flashing.  Desire-Distaste, 
Emotion,  Heat-Cold,  Love-Hate;  ardent  expecta- 
tion, Expectation-Surprise;  ardent  imagination, 
Fancy. 

ardet  proximus  [L.]  (ar'-det  prox'-i-mus).  The  next 
house  burns.  Refuge-Pitfall,  Security-Inse- 
curity. 

ar'-dor.  Intensity  of  passion;  eagerness.  Activity- 
Indolence,  Desire-Distaste,  Emotion. 

ar'-du-ous.  Involving  great  labor.  Difficulty- 
Facility. 

are.     A  land  measure  of  the  metric  system.    Measure. 


AREA. 


64 


ARMS. 


a'-re-a.    Extent,  of  surface.    Extension-Inextension. 

ar"-e-fac'-tion.    A  drying  up.    Dampness-Dryness. 

a-re'-na.  Place  in  which  exhibitions  are  held;  sphere 
of  action.  Extension-District,  Extension-Inex- 
tension, Lists,  Sight-Blindness. 

ar"-e-na'-ceous.    Sandy.    Friability. 

ar"-e-na'-ri-ous.     Sandy.     Friability. 

ar'-e-nose.     Full  of  sand.     Friability. 

a-re'-o-la.  Small  spaces  marked  out  by  veins  on  leaves. 
Circle- Winding. 

a-re'-c-lar .  Containing  a  network  of  small  interspaces. 
Crossing. 

ar"-e-om'-e-ter.  Instrument  for  measuring  specific 
gravity.     Solidity-Rarity. 

Ar-e-op'-a-gus.  The  high  court  of  ancient  Greece. 
Tribunal. 

a-rete'.  An  abrupt  mountain  spur.  Sharpness- 
Bluntness. 

ar"-e-tol'-o-gy.  Science  of  virtue.  Duty-Dereliction. 

Ar'-gand.  Inventor  of  a  lighting  system.  Argand 
lamp,  Luminary-Shade. 

ar'-gent.    Silvery.    Whiteness-Blackness. 

argent  comptar.t  [F.]  (ar-zhan''  con'-tan'').  Ready 
money.     Money. 

ar'-gen-tine.  Silver-coated.  Values,  Whiteness- 
Blackness. 

ar"-gil-la'-ceous.    Clayey.    Hardness-Softness. 

ar'-go-sy.  A  richly  laden  ship  of  commerce.  Convey- 
ance-Vessel. 

ar'-got.     Slang.     Word-Neology. 

ar'-gue.  To  urge  reasons  for  or  against.  Evidence- 
Counterevidence,  Ratiocination-Instinct,  Sign. 

ar'-gu-er.  One  who  discusses.  Ratiocination-Casu- 
istry. 

ar'-gu-ment.  A  reason  offered  for  or  against.  Con- 
ception-Theme, Meaning-Jargon,  Ratiocination- 
Instinct;  have  the  best  of  an  argument,  Proof- 
Disproof. 

ar"-gu-men-ta'-tion.  Debate.  Ratiocination-Casu- 
istry. 

ar"-gu-men'-ta-tive.  Consisting  of  argument.  Rati- 
ocination-Casuistry. 

argumentum  ad  crumenam  [L.]  (ar-giu-men'-tum  ad 
kriu-mi'-nam) .    Argument  to  the  purse.    Money. 

argumentum  ad  hominem  [L.]  (ar-giu-men'-tum  ad 
hom'-i-nem) .  Argument  from  an  opponent's  own 
position.     Justification-Charge. 

argumentum  ad  verecundiam  [L.]  (ar-giu-men'-tum  ad 
ver-i-cun'-di-am) .  Argument  from  authority.  Repu- 
tation-Discredit, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

argumentum  baculinum  [L.]  (ar-giu-men'-tum  bak-yu- 
lai'-num).  Appeal  to  physical  force.  Coercion, 
Law-Lawlessness,  Recompense-Punition. 

ar'-gus.  A  hundred-eyed  giant.  Sight-Blindness; 
argus-eyed,  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Sight- 
Blindness. 

ar-gute'.    Quick  or  sharp.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

a'-ri-a.    An  air  or  melody.     Music. 

A'-ri-an-ism.  A  doctrine  that  denies  the  consubstan- 
tial  nature  of  the  Trinity.  Orthodoxy-Heter- 
odoxy. 

ar'-id.  Parched  with  heat;  without  interest.  Damp- 
ness-Dryness, Entertainment-Weariness,  Fer- 
tility-Sterility. 

A'-ri  el.  One  of  the  chief  angels;  the  inner  satellite  of 
Uianus.  Astronomy,  Jove-Fiend,  Messenger, 
Swiftness-Slowness,  Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

A'-ri-es.     A  constellation  in  the  zodiac.    Astronomy. 

a"-ri-e-ta'-tion.  Act  of  butting  like  a  ram.  Impetus- 
Reaction. 

a"-ri-et'-ta.     A  short  melody.     Music 

a-right'.     Correctly.     Good-Evil. 

Ar'-i-man.  The  evil  deity.  Angel-Satan,  Jove- 
Fiend. 


a"-ri-o-la'-tion.    Act  of  foretelling.    Prophecy. 

arts  et  focis,  pro  [L.]  (e'-ris  et  fo'-sis,  pro).  For  our 
altars  and  firesides.  Attack-Defense,  Humani- 
tarianism-Misanthropy. 

a-rise'.  To  come  into  existence;  to  get  up  from  lying 
down;  to  move  to  a  higher  place.  Ascent-Descent, 
Beginning-End,  Entity-Nonentity,  Occurrence- 
Destiny.  Visibility-Invisibility;  arise  from, 
Cause-Effect. 

Ar'-is-tarch"-us.  A  learned  critic  of  Alexandria. 
Taste-Vulgarity. 

ar'-is-tar"-chy.     Rule  by  the  best.    Rule-License. 

Ar"-is-ti'-des.  An  Athenian  statesman  called  "the 
Just."     Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

ar"-is-toc'-ra-cy.  Hereditary  nobility.  Gentility- 
Democracy,  Rule-License. 

ar"-is-to-crat'-ic.  Pertaining  to  an  aristocracy.  Gen- 
tility-Democracy, Rule-License. 

ariston  metron  [Gr.]  (a'-ris-ton  met'-ron) .  The  golden 
mean.  Midcourse-Circuit,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

Ar"-is-to-te'-li-an.  A  disciple  of  Aristotle.  Rati- 
ocination-Instinct. 

ar'-ith-man"-cy.    Divination  by  numbers.     Prophecy. 

a-rith'-me-tic.  Science  of  numbers.  Nature-Art, 
Numbering. 

ar"-ith-met'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  arithmetic.  Number- 
ing. 

a-rith"-me-ti'-cian.  One  skilled  in  arithmetic.  Num- 
bering. 

ark.  A  large  floating  vessel.  Dweller-Habitation, 
Refuge-Pitfall. 

arm.  Part  of  the  body;  to  furnish  with  means; 
strength.  Anatomy,  Fighting-Conciliation,  In- 
strument, Might-Impotence,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation,  Provision-Waste,  Weapon,  Whole- 
Part;  armchair,  Suspension-Support;  arm  in  arm, 
Amity-Hostility,  Sociability-Privacy,  Solitude- 
Company;  arm  of  the  law,  Law-Lawlessness;  arm 
of  the  sea,  Gulf-Plain;  in  the  arms  of  Morpheus, 
Activity-Indolence;  make  a  long  arm,  Length- 
Shortness,  Taking-Restitution. 

ar-ma'-da.    A  fleet  of  warships.    Belligerent. 

Ar-ma-ged'-don.  Plain  of  Esdraelon,  famous  as  a 
battlefield.     Strife-Peace. 

ar'-ma-ment.  War  equipment.  Preparation-Non- 
preparation,  Weapon. 

ar'-ma-ture.  Means  of  defense;  a  piece  of  soft  iron 
joining  the  poles  of  a  magnet.  Electricity, 
Weapon. 

armed.  Prepared  for  war.  Attack-Defense;  armed 
at  all  points,  attack-Defense,  Preparation-Non- 
preparati^n'  armed  force,  Belligerent;  armed 
with  pat»ence,  Excitability-Inexcitability. 

ar'-mi-ger.  A  knight's  armor-bearer.  Gentility- 
Democracy. 

ar-mig'-er-ent.    An  armor-bearer.    Belligerent. 

ar-mig'-er-ous.  Entitled  to  heraldic  arms.  Fighting- 
Conciliation. 

ar'-mil-la-ry.  Consisting  of  rings.  Armillary  sphere, 
Astronomy,  Mensuration. 

ar'-mis-tice.  Temporary  cessation  of  hostilities.  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation. 

arm'-less.     Without  arms.     Might-Impotence. 

arm'-let.  A  band  worn  on  the  arm ;  an  arm  of  the  sea. 
Circle- Winding,  Gulf-Plain. 

ar'-mor.  Defensive  covering.  Attack-Defense, 
Weapon. 

ar-mo'-ri-al.     Relating  to  heraldry.     Sign. 

ar'-mor-y.     Place  for  storing  arms.     Store,  Weapon. 

arms.  Weapons;  deeds  done  in  battle;  mark  of  dis- 
tinction. Fighting-Conciliation,  Instrument, 
Sign,  Title,  Weapon;  clash  of  arms,  Strife-Peace; 
deeds  of  arms,      Strife-Peace;   in  arms.  Infant- 


ARMS. 


65 


ARRIVAL— DEPARTURE. 


Veteran;  throw  oneself  into  the  arms  of,  Amity- 
Hostility,  Refuge-Pitfall;  under  arms,  Fighting- 
Conciliation;  up  in  arms,  Activity-Indolence, 
Amity-Hostility,  Favorite-Anger,  Reprisal-Re- 
sistance, Variance- Accord;  with  arms  akimbo, 
Defiance;  with  folded  arms,  Activity-Indolence. 

arm's  length.  At  a  distance.  At  arm's  length,  Re- 
moteness-Nearness; keep  at  arm's  length,  Amity- 
Hostility,  Attack-Defense,  Attraction-Repul- 
sion, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Sociability-Pri- 
vacy. 

Arm'-strong.  Inventor  of  a  gun.  Armstrong  gun, 
Weapon. 

ar'-my.  A.  large  organized  body  of  men.  Belliger- 
ent, Gathering-Scattering,  Multiplicity-Pau- 
city. 

a-ro'-ma.    Fragrance.    Perfume-Stench. 

ar"-o-mat'-ic.     Having  an  aroma.     Perfume-Stench. 

ar"-o-mat'-ic  se'-ri-es.  A  scries  of  compounds  derived 
from  benzene.    Chemistry. 

a-round'.  On  all  sides  of.  Environment-Interposi- 
tion; lie  around,  Environment-Interposition, 
Outside-Inside. 

a-rouse'.  To  stir  up.  Excitation,  Motive-Caprice; 
arouse  oneself,  Activity-Indolence. 

a-roynt'.  To  begone  out  of  the  way.  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Charitableness-Curse. 

ar'-que-bus.     A  fifteenth  century  musket.     Weapon. 

ar"-que-bus-ade'.  A  discharge  from  an  arquebus. 
Remedy-Bane. 

ar-raign'.  To  call  into  court.  Justification-Charge, 
Litigation. 

ar-raign'-ment.  Accusation.  Justification-Charge, 
Litigation. 

ar-range'.  To  put  in  order;  to  agree  on  terms.  Com- 
position, Design,  Organization-Disorganization; 
arrange  in  a  series,  Continuity-Interruption; 
arrange  itself,  Regularity-Irregularity;  arrange 


matters,  Fighting-Conciliation;  arrange  music, 
Musician;  arrange  under,  Admission-Exclusion; 
arrange  with  creditors,  Settlement-Default. 

ar-ranged'.  Put  in  order.  Organization-Disorgani- 
zation, Regularity-Irregularity. 

ar-range'-ment.  Order.  Composition,  Design,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation, Organization-  Disorganiza- 
tion, Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Regularity- 
Irregularity,  Settlement-Default;  temporary 
arrangement,  Lastingness-Transientness. 

ar'-rant.  Notoriously  bad.  Goodness-Badness,  Mag- 
nitude-Smallness,  Manifestation-Latency,  Pub- 
licity, Reputation-Discredit,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

ar'-ras.  A  fabric  woven  with  figures.  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement. 

ar-ray'.  Regular  order;  display;  clothing;  collective 
body.  Continuity-Interruption,  Dress-Undress, 
Embellishment-Disfigu-rement,  Gathering-Scat- 
tering, Multiplicity-Paucity,  Pomp,  Prepara- 
tion -  Nonpreparation,  Regularity  -  Irregular- 
ity; battle  array,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

ar-rear'.  Back;  a  debt.  In  arrear,  Credit-Debt,  En- 
tirety-Deficiency, Settlement-Default. 

ar-rears'.    Debts.    Credit-Debt. 

arrectis  auribus  [L.]  (ar-rek'-tis  au'-ri-bus).  With  ears 
pricked  up.  Expectation-Surprise,  Hearing- 
Deafness. 

ar-rest'.  To  stop;  to  take  into  custody;  to  fix  the 
attention.  Discontinuance-Continuance,  Litiga- 
tion, Release-Restraint;  arrest  the  attention, 
Heed-Disregard. 

ar"-res-ta'-tion.     An  arrest.     Release-Restraint. 

arriire  pensie  [F.]  (ar-ri-ar'  pan'-se').  Mental  reserva- 
tion. Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Motive-Caprice, 
Predecessor-Continuation,  Purpose-Luck. 

ar'-ris.    An  external  angle.    Architecture. 

ar-ri'-val.    Coming  to  anything.    Arrival-Departure. 


ARRIVAL— DEPARTURE. 


Advent.     An  important  arrival ;  a  coming. 

Arrival.     Act  of  reaching  a  place  from  a  distance. 

Caller.     One  who  makes  a  visit. 

Completion.     End  of  a  journey.     See  Completion. 

Debarkation.     Act  of  coming  ashore  from  a  vessel. 

Destination.     Place  set  for  the  end  of  a  journey. 

Disembarkation.     The  act  of  coming  from  on  board  a  vessel. 

Encounter.     A  hostile  meeting. 

Landing.     A  bringing  on  shore. 

Meeting.     A  coming  together. 

Reception.     The  act  of  being  received  or  met. 

Recursion.     The  act  of  coming  back. 

Remigration.     Going  back  to  the  place  from  which  one  came. 

Rencounter.     Sudden  hostile  collision. 

Return.     Coming  back  to  the  same  place. 

Vin  d'homieur  [F.].     Wine  offered  to  a  newly  arrived  guest. 

Visitant.     One  who  pays  a  visit. 

Welcome.     A  greeting  upon  arrival. 

Arrival — Nouns  of  Place. 

Anchorage;    goal;    halting  ground;    halting  place;    harbor;    haven; 
home;  landing  place;  landing  stage;  port;  resting  place;  terminus. 

Arrival — Verbs. 

Alight.     To  descend,  as  from  horseback. 

Arrive.     To  reach  a  point  started  for. 

Attain.     To  come  to  a  place  by  effort. 

Be  in  at  the  death.     To  have  arrived  at  the  end. 

Bounce  upon.  j.  Tq  arrfve  un  tedl 

Burst  upon.     J 

Cast  anchor.     Tc  drop  an  anchor  to  keep  a  ship  at  rest. 

Come.     To  complete  a  movement  toward  a  place 

Come  across.     To  meet. 

Come  at.     To  arrive. 

Come  back.     To  return. 

Come  home.     To  return  to  one's  house  or  family 

Come  in.     To  enter.     See  Entrance. 


Decampment.     Departure  from  a  camp. 

Decession.     A  going  away.  • 

Departure.     Removal  from  a  place. 

Embarkation.     Going  on  board  a  vessel  to  depart. 

Exit.     A  departure,  as  from  the  stage  after  performing  a  part. 

Exodus.     A  large  migration  from  a  place. 

Flight.     A  hasty  departure  to  escape  danger  or  expected  evil, 

Hegira.    The  flight -of  Mohammed  from  Mecca,  September  13,  622 

A  D.;  any  flight  or  exodus. 
Outset.     Beginning  of  a  journey. 
Removal.     Going  from  one  place  to  another. 
Start.     Commencement  of  a  journey. 

Departure — Denotations, 

Adieu;     conge";    farewell;    good-bye;     leave  taking;     stirrup-cup,  a 
parting  cup  taken  after  mounting;  valediction. 

Departure — Nouns  of  Place. 
Place  of  departure;   place  of  embarkation;   point  of  departure;   point 
of  embarkation;    port  of  embarkation;    starting-point;    starting- 
post. 

Departure — Verbs 

Aoanoon.      to  cast  or  drive  out. 

Abscond.     To  depart  secretly  and  hide.     See  Quest-Evasion. 

Be  gone.     To  be  away. 

Be  off.     To  start  away. 

Bid  good-bye.     See  Nouns. 

Cut  one's  stick.     To  run  away. 

Debouch.     To  march  from  a  wood  into  open  ground. 

Decamp.     To  move  away  from  a  camping  ground,  usually  by  night 

or  secretly. 
Depart.     To  go  away. 

Disappear.     To  get  out  of  sight.     See  Appearance-Disappearance. 
Embark.     To  go  on  shipboard  to  depart. 
Evacuate.     To  withdraw  from. 
Flit.     To  move  rapidly  from  place  to  place. 
Fly.     To  run  away  from. 


ARRIVAL. 


66 


ARS. 


ARRIVAL— DEPARTURE— Continued. 


ARRIVAL— Verbs — Continued. 
Come  in  contact.     To  meet. 
Come  to.     To  reach. 
Come  to  hand.     To  arrive. 
Come  upon.     To  befall. 
Come  up  to.     To  meet. 
Come  up  with.     To  catch  up  with. 
Complete.     To  end  a  journey.     See  sub  Completion. 

Disembark,  J  To  com*  from  on  board  a  ^P- 

Dismount.     To  come  down  from  on  horseback. 

Drop  in.     To  visit  casually. 

Encounter.     To  meet;  come  upon  unexpectedly. 

Fetch.     To  go  and  bring. 

Get  back.    I  ,r 

Get  home./ Toreturn- 

Get  to.     To  arrive. 

Get  to  one's  journey's  end. 

Go  ashore.     To  come  from  on  shipboard. 

Hit.     To  meet  unexpectedly. 

Join.     To  meet  with. 

Land.     To  end  a  journey  by  water. 

Light.     To  dismount. 

Light  upon.     To  meet. 

Make.     To  complete. 

Make  one's  appearance.     To  arrive. 

Make  the  land.     To  come  to  shore. 

Meet.     To  come  into  the  presence  of. 

Overtake.     To  catch  up  with. 

Pitch  one's  tent.     To  stop  or  rest. 

Pitch  upon.   "| 

Plump  upon.  >To  meet  suddenly. 

Pop  upon.      ) 

pSlinio.}ToIand- 

Reach.     To  come  to  a  point  journeyed  to. 

Rejoin.     To  meet  again. 

Rencounter.     To  meet  in  a  hostile  manner. 

Return.     To  come  back  from  whence  one  started. 

Sit  down.     To  stop;  to  rest.     See  Establishment. 

Visit.     To  go  or  come  to  see. 

Arrival — Adjectives. 
Arriving,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Homeward-bound.     Returning  to  one's  home  or  family. 

Arrival — Adverbs, 
Here.     At  this  place. 
Hither.     To  this  place. 

Arrival — Interjections. 
All  hail!  good  dayl  good  morrowl  hail!  welcome! 


DEPARTURE— Continued  from  Column  2. 
Departure — Interjections. 
Adieu!  au  revoir!  begonel  farewell!  fare  you  well!  God  bless  youl 
God  speed  you!  good-bye!  good  dayl 

De  p  a  rtu  r  e — Phrases . 
Au  plaisir  de  vous  revoir  [F.].     Till  I  have  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you 

again;  adieu;  auf  wiedersehen. 
Bon  voyage  [F.].     Prosperous  voyage  to  you. 
Gluckliche  Reise  [G.].     Prosperous  journey  to  you. 
Vive,  valeque  [L.J.     Life  and  health  to  you!  farewell! 


DEPARTURE— Verbs— Continued 
Fly  away.     To  move  or  go  suddenly. 
Get  off.     To  start. 
Get  under  way.     To  start  a  journey. 
Go.     To  depart. 

Go  aboard.     To  get  on  ship  to  depart. 
Go  along.     Be  otf. 
Go  away.     To  depart. 
Go  forth.     To  go  away. 
Go  from  home. 
Go  off.     To  depart. 

Go  off  the  stage.     To  retire  from  sight  or  notice. 
Go  on  board.     To  be  ready  to  depart. 
Go  one's  way.     To  proceed  on  one's  journey. 
Go  to  sea.     To  make  a  journey  by  sea. 
Hoist  blue  peter.     To  raise  the  blue  flag  to  recall  boat*. 
Issue.     To  go  forth. 
Leave  a  place.     To  depart. 
Make  one's  exit.     To  take  one's  departure. 
March  off.     To  leave  a  place. 
March  out.     To  depart. 
Move  off.     To  go  from  land. 
Pack  off.     To  go  with  one's  belongings. 
Put  off.     To  depart  from. 
Put  to  sea.     To  begin  a  voyage. 
Quit.     Leave. 

Remove.     To  go  from  one  place  to  another. 
Retire.     To  go  backwards. 
Sail.     To  go  on  a  voyage. 
Sally.     To  rush  or  burst  forth. 
Sally  forth.     Rush  out  suddenly. 
Say  good-bye.     To  give  greeting  upon  departure. 
Set  forward .     To  go  on . 
Set  off.     To  begin  to  go. 
Set  out.     To  leave. 
Set  sail.     To  begin  a  voyage. 
Spring.     To  hasten  away. 

Start*  off.  i  To  he^n  to  go  away- 

Strike  tents.     To  take  down  tents;  to  begin  a  march. 

Take  flight.     To  run  away  from  impending  danger. 

Take  leave.     To  depart  from. 

Take  one's  departure.)  „,    . 

Take  oneself  off.  J  To  leave' 

Take  wing.     To  hasten  away. 

Vacate.     To  depart  from  a  place. 

Walk  one's  chalks.     To  be  sent  away. 

Weigh  anchor.     To  start  on  a  voyage. 

Whip1  offay'/Todeparthurried,y- 

Wing  one's  flight.     To  leave  hurriedly  and  unknown. 

Withdraw.     To  leave ;  retire. 

Departure — Adjectives. 
Departing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Outward  bound.     Going  away  from. 
Valedictory.     Suitable  for  an  occasion  of  leave  taking. 

Departure — Adverbs. 
Hence.     From  here. 
On  the  move.     Departing. 
On  the  wing.     Fleeing. 
Thence.     From  that  place 
Whence.     From  wnat  place. 
With  a  foot  in  the  stirrup.     Ready  to  depart. 

{Continued  on  Column  i.) 


ar-rive'.  To  reach  the  end;  to  occur.  Arrival-Depar- 
ture,     COMPLETION-NONCOMPLETION,    DlSCONTINU- 

ance-Continuance,  Occurrence-Destiny;  arrive 
at  a  conclusion,  Decision-Misjudgment;  arrive  at 
the  truth,  Discovery. 

ar-ri'-ving.     Reaching  a  place.    Arrival-Departure. 

ar'-ro-gance.  Haughtiness.  Harshness-Mildness, 
Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

ar'-ro-gant.  Excessively  proud;  haughty.  Conceit- 
Diffidence,  Harshness-Mildness,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

ar'-ro-gate.  To  demand  or  claim  without  reason. 
Completion  -  Noncompletion,     Dueness  -  Undue- 


ness,    Presumption-Obsequiousness;   arrogate   to 

oneself,  Dueness-Undueness. 
arrondissement  [F.]  (a-ron'-dis-man-').     Subdivision  of 

a  French  department.     Extension-District. 
ar-ro'-sion.    A  gnawing.    Friction-Lubrication. 
ar'-row.     A  missile  shot  from  a  bow.      Push-Pull, 

Swiftness-Slowness,  Weapon. 
ar'-row-head".       Sharp-pointed    head    of    an    arrow; 

shaped     like     an     arrow.     Sharpness-Bluntness, 

Writing-Printing. 
ar'-row-head"-ed.    Shaped  like  an  arrow.    Sharpness- 
Bluntness. 
ars  artium  omnium  conservatrix  [L.]   (arz  ar'-shi-um 


ARS. 


67 


ASAFETIDA. 


om'-ni-um  con-ser-vS'-trix) .     The  art  preservative 
of  all  arts.     Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Writing- 
Printing. 
ars  celare  arlem  [L.]  (arz  sel-S'-rl  ar'-tem).     Art  con- 
sists in  hiding  art.     Skill-Unskilpulness. 
ar'-se-nal.     A  place  of  deposit  for  arms.     Store. 
ar'-se-nic.     A  non-metallic  poisonous  element.     Rem- 
edy-Bane. 
ar'-son.     Malicious  burning  of  property.     Heating- 
Cooling. 
art.     Practical  application  of  knowledge;  embodiment 
of  beautiful  thought  in  visible  forms;   mastery  in 
works  of  taste.    Craft-Artlessness,  Delineation- 
Caricature,  Nature-Art,  Occupation,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness;  fine  art,  Taste-Vulgarity;  work  of 
art,  Beauty-Ugliness,  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

ar'-ter-y.  A  channel ;  a  blood-vessel.  Watercourse- 
Airpipe,  Way. 

artes,  hoe  libi  ervnt  [L.]  (ar'-tiz,  hi  tib'-i  i'-runt). 
These  shall  be  your  methods.     Way. 

artes  honorabit  [L.]  (ar'-tiz  hon-or-e'-bit) .  He  will 
honor  the  arts.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

ar-te'-sian  well.  A  well  in  which  the  water  pressure 
forces  the  water  up.     Gulf-Plain. 

art'-ful.  Cunning;  deceitful.  Craft-Artlessness, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood;  artful  dodge,  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

art'-ful-ness.  State  of  being  artful.  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

ar'-ti-choke.  A  thistle-like  plant,  part  of  which  is 
edible.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

ar'-ti-cle.  A  particular  object;  a  brief  composition;  a 
point  of  doctrine;  an  adjective  that  limits  a  noun. 
Adjective,  Essay,  Materiality-Spirituality, 
Merchandise,  Missive-Publication,  Substance- 
Nullity,  Whole-Part;  definite  article,  Adjective; 
indefinite  article,  Adjective. 

ar'-ti-cled  clerk.  A  servant  bound  by  agreement. 
Instructor-Pupil. 

ar'-ti-cles.  Complete  terms  of  religious  belief.  Terms; 
articles  of  agreement,  Terms;  articles  of  faith,  The- 
ology; Thirty-nine  Articles,  Orthodoxy-Heter- 
odoxy. 

ar-tic'-u-late.     Clear.     Vocalization-Muteness. 

ar-tic"-u-la'-tion.  Distinct  utterance;  act  of  joining. 
Union-Disunion,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

articulo,  in  [L.]  (ar-tic'-yu-lo,  in).  In  a  moment. 
Life-Death,  Lastingness-Transientness. 

ar'-ti-fice.    Cunning.    Craft-Artlessness,  Design. 

ar-tif'-i-cer.    A  mechanic.    Agent,  Labor-Capital. 

ar"-ti-fi'-cial.  Manufactured;  crafty.  Craft-Artless- 
ness, Nature-Art,  Purity-Crudeness,  Simplicity- 
Floridness,  Society-Affectation,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud;  artificial  language,  Purity-Crudeness. 

ar"-ti-fi"-ci-al'-i-ty.  No  genuineness  or  naturalness. 
Craft-Artlessness. 

ar-til'-ler-y.  Heavy  cannon.  Belligerent,  Loud- 
ness-Faintness,  Weapon. 

ar-til'-ler-y-man.  One  who  works  artillery.  Bel- 
ligerent. 

ar'-ti-san.  A  trained  workman.  Agent,  Labor- 
Capital. 

artisan,  chacun  est  I'  .  .  .  de  sa  fortune  [F.]  (sha-cinV'  6 
lar-ti-zan''  de  sa  for- tun').  Every  man  is  the  archi- 
tect of  his  own  fortune.  Success-Failure,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune. 

art'-ist.  An  adept  in  a  fine  art.  Agent,  Artist, 
Design. 

ARTIST. 

Artist.      Any  one  who  is  skilful  in  the  fine  arts,  especially  painting 

and  sculpture. 
Carver.     One  skilled  in  chiseling  wood  into  figures. 


Chaser.     An  engraver. 

Coach  painter.     One  adept  in  painting  wagons. 

Copyist.  One  who  reproduces  that  which  has  been  created,  t>T  imi- 
tating it. 

Designer.     One  who  creates  artistic  designs. 

Draftsman.     One  who  makes  a  draft  or  sketch. 

Drawer.     One  who  delineates  with  a  pencil. 

Enameler.     One  who  is  skilled  in  putting  on  enamel. 

Enamelist.     Same  as  enameler. 

Engraver.     An  artist  who  cuts  into  the  surface  of  materials. 

Figurisie  [F.].     A  representer. 

Flower  painter.     A  painter  who  paints  flowers  only. 

Historical  painter.     A  painter  who  depicts  historical  scenes. 

Landscape  painter.     A  painter  who  represents  natural  scenery. 

Limner.     One  who  draws  or  paints. 

Marine  painter.     A  painter  of  sea-pictures. 

Miniature  painter.     A  painter  of  small  pictures. 

Modeler.     One  who  makes  a  pattern. 

Painter.     An  artist  who  decorates  or  represents  with  colors. 

Portrait  painter.  One  who  makes  a  specialty  of  depicting  the  pec 
traits  of  men. 

Scene  painter.     A  landscape  painter. 

Sculptor.     An  artist  in  wood,  marble,  etc. 

Sign  painter.  A  painter  of  boards,  etc.,  for  indicating  places  of  busi- 
ness. 

Sketcher.  One  who  makes  a  hasty  and  incomplete  outline  or  draw- 
ing. 

Statuary.     A  maker  of  statues.  . 

Artist — Denotations. 
Apelles;  Phidias;  Praxiteles;  Royal  Academician. 

ar-tiste'  [F.]  (ar-tist') .  A  professional  dancer  or  singer. 
Acting,  Musician. 

ar-tis-tic.  Correctly  and  tastefully  executed.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Nature-Art,  Purity-Crudeness,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness,  Taste-Vulgarity;  artistic  lan- 
guage, Purity-Crudeness. 

ar-tis'-tic-al.     Conformable  to  art.    Beauty-Ugliness. 

ar-tis'-tic-al-ly.  In  an  artistic  manner.  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness. 

ariium  baccalaureus  [L.]  (ar'-shi-um  bac-ca-lau'-ri-us) . 
Bachelor  of  arts.     Scholar-Dunce. 

artium  magister  [L.]  (ar'-shi-um  ma-jis'-ter) .  Master 
of  arts.     Scholar-Dunce. 

art'-less.  Without  deceit;  simple.  Craft-Artless- 
ness, Nature-Art. 

art'-less-ness.  Without  craft  or  deceit.  Craft-Art- 
lessness. 

arundo  lethalis  lateri  haeret  [L.]  (a-nm'-do  leth-A'-Iis 
lat'-er-ai  hl-ret) .  The  fatal  arrow  clings  fast  in  her 
side.     Pleasure-Pain. 

a-rus'-pex,  a-rus'-pice.     A  soothsayer.     Soothsayer 

a-rus'-pi-cy.     Divination.     Prophecy. 

Ar'-yan.  One  of  the  primitive  peoples  of  Central  Asia. 
Ethnology. 

as.  Like;  thus;  because;  while;  a  Roman  coin. 
Motive-Caprice,  Values;  as  broad  as  long,  Equal- 
ity-Inequality; as  can  be,  Entirety-Deficiency; 
as  good  as,  Equality-Inequality;  as  if,  Hypoth- 
esis, Likeness-Unlikeness;  as  it  may  be,  Con- 
dition-Situation, Occurrence-Destiny,  Ration- 
ale-Luck; as  it  were,  Likeness-Unlikeness, 
Trope;  as  little  as  may  be,  Magnitude-Smallness; 
as  much  again,  Doubling-Halving;  as  soon  as, 
Coexistence;  as  the  world  wags,  Occurrence- 
Destiny;  as  they  say,  Adage-Nonsense,  Tidings- 
Mystery;  as  things  are,  Condition-Situation;  as 
things  go,  Habit-Desuetudb,  Occurrence-Des- 
tiny; as  to,  Connection-Independence;  as  usual, 
Conventionality  -  Unconventionality,  Habit- 
Desuetude;  as  well  as,  Addition-Subtraction;  as 
you  were,  Advance-Retrogression,  Renovation- 
Relapse. 
as-a-fet'-i-da.  The  juice  of  a  plant  of  the  family 
Ferula,  which  is  used  in  medicine.  Palatableness- 
Unpalatableness,  Remedy-Bane. 


ASCEND. 


68 


ASCERTAINED. 


as-cend'.  To  go  upward.  Ascent-Descent,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Increase-Decrease. 

as-cend'-an-cy.  Superiority  in  power  or  rank.  Domi- 
nance-Impotence, Might-Impotence,  Success- 
Failure. 

as-cend'-ant.  Dominant.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Dominance-Impotence,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit, Rule-License,  Success-Failure;  lord  of 
the  ascendant,  Chief-Underling;  one's  star  in  the 
ascendant,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

ASCENT- 

Ascension.     The  act  of  moving  upward. 

Ascent.     The  act  of  rising. 

Leap.     The  act  of  springing  clear  of  the  ground,  with  the  feet.     See 

Spring. 
Rise.      Distance  through  which  anything  goes  upward. 
Rising.     Act  of  moving  upward.     See  Verbs. 
Upgrowth.     The  process  or  result  of  growing  up. 

Ascent — Denotations. 

Acclivity;   Alpine  Club;   flight  of  steps;   flight  of  stairs;   hill;   ladder; 
Jark;  ratlines;  rocket;  sky-rocket;  skylark. 

Ascent — Verbs. 

Arise.     To  come  up  from  a  lower  to  a  higher  position. 

Ascend.     To  go  up;  to  climb. 

Aspire.     To  seek  to  attain  something  high. 

Clamber.     To  go  upward  with  difficulty,  or  with  hands  and  feet.  l 

Climb.     To  ascend  with  much  labor. 

Escalade.     To  mount  by  means  of  ladders. 

Float.     To  move  on  the  surface  of  a  fluid. 

Get  *P.lTorise. 

Go  up.  ) 

Hover.     To  oe  suspended  in  the  air  above  something. 

Leap.     To  spring  clear  of  the  ground,  with  the  feet.     See  Spring 

Mount.     To  get  up  on  anything,  as  a  platform,  or  horse. 

Plane.     To  cut  off  parts  that  are  higher  than  others. 

Ramp.     To  creep  up. 

Rise.     To  go  from  a  lower  position  to  a  higher. 

Scale.     To  climb  by  a  ladder. 

Scale  the  heights.      To  fight  one's  way  upward. 

Scramble.     To  climb  with  hands  and  knees. 

Shoot  up.     To  rise  suddenly. 

Soar.     To  mount  upward,  as  on  wings. 

Spire.     To  shoot  up  in  a  spire. 

Spring  up.     To  rise  hurriedly. 

Start  up.     To  rise  unexpectedly. 

Surge.     To  rise  high  and  roll. 

Surmount.     To  rise  higher  than  something  else. 

Swim.     To  float  on  the  top  of  the  water. 

Tower.     To  overtop. 

Uprise.     To  appear  from  below  the  horizon ;  to  rise  to  one's  feet. 

Work  one's  way  up.     To  struggle  upward  with  great  effort. 

Ascent — Adjectives. 

Buoyant.     Tending  to  rise  or  float. 

Rising,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Scandent.     Climbing. 

Superfluitant,     Floating  above  or  on  the  surface. 

Supernatant.     Swimming. 

Ascent — Adverbs. 
Uphill.     Ascending. 


DESCENT — Continued  from  Column  2. 
Descent — Adjectives. 
Deciduous.     Falling  off  at  a  certain  season. 
Decurrent.      Extending  downward. 
Decursive.      Running  down. 
Descendent.      Falling- 
Descending,  etc.      See  Verbs. 
Labent.     Sliding;  gliding. 
Nodding  to  its  fall.     Having  the  top  bent  forward. 

Descent — Adverbs. 
Downhill.      Sloping. 
Downward.     From  a  higher  place  to  a  lower. 

as"-cer-tain'.     To   learn    with    certainty. 
Misjudgment,  Mutability-Stability. 


as-cend'-ing.  Moving  upwards.  Parallelism-Incli- 
nation. 

as-cen'-sion.  Act  of  rising;  a  vapor.  Ascent-De- 
scent, Betterment-Deterioration,  Heating- 
Cooling,  Increase-Decrease. 

as-cent'.  Act  of  ascending  in  space;  an  upward  slope. 
Ascent-Descent,  Betterment-Deterioration,  In- 
crease-Decrease, Parallelism-Inclination,  Rep- 
utation-Discredit. 

DESCENT. 

Cadence.     Act  or  state  of  declining  or  sinking. 

Cropper.     A  fall  on  one's  head  when  riding  at  full  speed. 

Culbute  [F.].     A  somerset. 

Declension.     A  downward  sloping. 

Declination.     Act  or  state  of  bending  downward. 

Descension.     The  act  of  going  downward. 

Descent.     Change  of  place  from  higher  to  lower. 

Downfall.     A  sudden  descent. 

Fall.     A  descent  by  the  force  of  gravity. 

Falling.     A  sinking  or  dropping. 

Fate  of  Icarus.     A  fall  while  soaring  too  high. 

Lapse.     A  passing  downward  smoothly  and  gradually 

Lurch.     A  sudden  falling. 

Stumble.     A  fall  in  walking  or  running. 

Subsidence.     A  sinking. 

Tilt.     A  leaning  to  one  side. 

Titubation.     The  act  of  stumbling,  rocking  or  rolling. 

Trip.     A  loss  of  footing  or  balance  causing  a  fall. 

Descent — Denotations. 

Avalanche;  debacle,  a  breaking  or  bursting  forth  of  water;  declivity; 

dip;  landslip;  hill. 

Descent — Verbs. 
Alight.     To  spring  down,  as  from  on  horseback. 
Come  down.     To  descend. 
Come  down  a  cropper.      To  fall  on  the  head  while  going  at  full 

speed. 
Come  down  a  peg.     To  descend  a  short  distance. 
Decline.     To  bend  downward. 
Descend.     To  pass  from  a  higher  to  a  lower  part  of. 
Dismount.     To  bring  down  from  an  elevation. 
Droop.     To  hang  bending  downward. 
Drop.     To  cause  to  fall  in  one  portion. 
Dropdown.     To  fall. 
Fall.     To  descend  gradually  or  suddenly. 
Fall  prostrate.     To  fall  at  full  length. 
Get  down. 
Go  down. 

Gravitate.     To  tend  in  any  direction  or  toward  any  object* 
Let  fall. 

Light.     To  fall  upon. 
Lurch.     To  roll  or  sway  suddenly. 
Pitch.     To  decline  or  slope. 

Plump  down.     To  drop  or  fall  suddenly  or  heavily,  like  lead. 
Precipitate  oneself.     To  throw  oneself  downward.  - 
Set.     To  sink  out  of  sight. 
Settle.     To  sink  gradually. 
Sink.     To  descend  lower  and  lower. 
Slide.     To  move  down  gradually. 
Slip.     To  move  downward  smoothly  and  quickly. 
Sprawl.     To  move,  when  lying  down. 
Stoop.     To  bend  the  upward  part  of  the  body  downward  and  for 

ward. 
Stumble.     To  fall  while  walking  or  running. 
Swag.     To  sink  down  by  its  weight. 
Swoon.     To  fall  on  at  once  and  seize. 
Tilt.     To  lower  one  end  and  raise  the  other. 
Titubate.     To  stumble. 
Topple.     To  pitch  or  tumble  down. 
Topple  down.)  SeeToppL 
Topple  over.  > 
Trip.     To  cause  to  stumble. 
Tumble.     To  fall  suddenly  and  violently. 

Tumble  down.  I  c     ■*_-«  „ 

f  See  Iumble. 

(Continued  on  Column  1.) 


Tumble  over. 


Decisiov- 


as"-cer-tained' .      Made    certain. 
Knowledge-Ignorance. 


Certainty-Doubt, 


ASCETIC. 


69 


ASSENT— DISSENT. 


as-cet'-jc.     Practising  asceticism.     Austerity. 
as-cet'-i-cism.     Practise  of  the  life  of  a  recluse.    Aus- 
terity. 

as"-ci-ti'-tious.  Added  from  without.  Addition-Sub- 
traction, Entity-Nonentity,  Subjectiveness-Ob- 
jectiveness. 

as-cribe'.     To  refer,  as  to  a  cause  or  source.      Ra- 
tionale-Luck. 
as-crip'-tion.    Act  of  ascribing.     Rationale-Luck. 

ash.  Remains  of  an  organic  substance  that  has  been 
burned.  Heating  -  Cooling;  ash- colored,  Gray- 
Brown. 

a-shame'.  To  cause  shame.  Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness. 

a-shamed'.  Feeling  shame.  Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness. 

ash'-en.    Resembling  ashes  in  color.    Gray-Brown. 

ash'-es.  Dust;  mortal  remains  of  the  dead;  deathly 
pallor.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Life-Corpse;  lay  in 
ashes,  Creation-Destruction  ;  pale  as  ashes,  Color- 
Achromatism,  Sanguineness-Timidity;  rise  from 
one's  ashes,  Renovation-Relapse. 

a-shore'.  On  the  shore.  Ocean-Land;  go  ashore, 
Arrival-Departure,  Ocean-Land. 

Ash  Wednesday.  The  first  day  of  Lent.  Periodicity- 
Irregularity. 

ash'-y.     Like  ashes.    Color-Achromatism. 

A'-sian  mys'-ter-y.  Mystery  of  an  Asian  character. 
Tidings-Mystery. 

a-side'.  To  one  side;  away  from  thought;  apart. 
Conversation  -  Monologue,  Enlightenment  -  Se- 
crecy, Laterality-Contra.'i  sition,  Loudness- 
Faintness;  say  aside,  Conversation-Monologue; 
set  aside,  Assertion-Denial,  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Choice-Rejection,  Commission-Abro- 
gation, Establishment-Removal,  Keeping-Re- 
linquishment,  Use-Disuse;  step  aside,  Aim-Aber- 
ration. 

as'-i-nine.  Ass-like;  stupid.  Conveyer,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 

asininus  ad  lyram  [L.]  (as"-i-nai'-nus  ad  lai'-ram) .  Ass 
at  the  lyre.     Harmony-Discord. 

ask.  To  make  a  request  or  petition  for.  Exchange, 
Investigation-Answer,  Petition-Expostulation, 
Price-Discount;  ask  leave,  Leave-Prohibition. 

a-skance'.  With  a  side  or  indirect  glance  or  meaning. 
Parallelism-Inclination;  eye  askance,  Sanguine- 
ness-Timidity; look  askance,  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Assent-Dissent,  Desire-Distaste,  Sight- 
Blindness,  Sight-Dimsightedness. 

asked  ia  church.  Engaged  to  be  married.  Matri- 
mony-Celibacy. 

ask'-ing.  Making  a  petition.  Petition-Expostula- 
tion. 

a-skew'.  In  a  twisted  position  or  manner.  Paral- 
lelism-Inclination, Proportion-Deformity. 

a-slant'.  Across  in  a  slanting  direction.  Parallel- 
ism-Inclination. 

a-sleep'.      In  a  state  of  sleep.     Activity-Indolence. 

As"-mo-de'-us.     A  destructive  demon.     Jove-Fiend. 

a-so'-ma-tous.  Without  body.  Materiality-Spir- 
ituality. 

asp.  A  venomous  serpent.  Benefactor-Evildoer, 
Fauna-Flora. 

As-pa'-si-a.  The  mistress  of  Pericles  of  Athens. 
Purity-Rake. 

ASSENT- 

Acceptance.     An  agreeing  to  terms  or  proposals  by  which  a  party  is 

bound. 
Acclamation.     A  shout  of  favor  or  assent. 
Accord.     Agreement  of  opinion,  will,  or  action. 
Accordance.     Agreement  or  conformity. 

Acknowledgment.     A  declaration  or  avowal  of  one's  own  act. 

Acquiescence.     A  silent  or  passive  agreement  or  submission. 


as'-pect.  Peculiar  feature;  appearance.  Appearance- 
Disappearance,  Condition-Situation,  Position, 
Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 

as'-pects.  Appearances.  Subjectiveness-Objective- 
ness. 

asp'-en  leaf.  Leaf  of  the  poplar  tree.  Shake  like  an 
aspen  leaf,  Agitation,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

as-per'-i-ty.  Harshness;  roughness.  Favorite-Anger, 
Favorite -Quarrelsomeness,  Politeness -Impo- 
liteness, Smoothness-Roughness. 

as'-per-ous.    Harsh.    Smoothness-Roughness. 

as-perse'.     To  slander.     Adulation-Disparagement. 

as-per'-sion.  Baptism  by  sprinkling.  Adulation- 
Disparagement,  Ceremonial. 

as'-phalt.  Mineral  pitch.  Pulpiness-Rosin,  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness. 

as-phyx'-i-a.    Suffocation.    Life-Death. 

as-phyx'-i-ate.    To  suffocate.    Life-Death. 

as'-pir'-ant.  One  who  seeks  earnestly.  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Petitioner.. 

as'-pi-rate.  To  utter  with  a  breathing.  Vocaliza- 
tion-Muteness. 

as"-pi-ra'-tion.  Exalted  desire.  Desire-Distaste, 
Devotion-Idolatry,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

as-pire'.  To  have  an  earnest  desire  for.  Ascent-De- 
scent, Desire-Distaste,  Devotion-Idolatry,  Pur- 
pose-Luck, Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

ass.  An  equine  quadruped.  Conveyer,  Sage-Fo'ol; 
ass  between  two  bundles  of  hay,  Determination- 
Vacillation;  ass  in  lion's  skin,  Adept-Bungler, 
Gull-Deceiver;  ass's  bridge,  Clearness-Obscu- 
rity ;  make  an  ass  of,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

as"-sa-foet'-i-da.  A  drug  of  an  offensive  odor;  asa- 
fetida.     Perfume-Stench. 

as'-sa-gai.    A  spear.    Weapon. 

as-sail'.  To  attack  violently.  Attack-Defense, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

as-sail'-ant.  One  who  attacks.  Antagonist-Assist- 
ant, Attack-Defense,  Belligerent. 

as-sas'-sin.  One  who  kills  secretly.  Life-Killing, 
Tyranny-Anarchy. 

as-sas'-sin-ate.  To  kill  treacherously.  Life-Killing, 
Tyranny-Anarchy. 

as-sas"-sin-a'-tion.  Killing.  Life-Killing,  Tyranny- 
Anarchy. 

as-sault'.  A  violent  attack.  Attack-Defense; 
assault  and  battery,  Attack-Defense;  take  by 
assault,  Taking-Restitution. 

as-say'.     To  try.     Trial. 

as-say'-ing.  Analyzing  an  ore  to  find  its  ingredients. 
Chemistry. 

as'-se-guai.     A  light  spear.     Weapon. 

as-sem'-blage.  Association.  Concentration-Radi- 
ation, Gathering-Scattering. 

as-sem'-bled.    Convened.    Gathering-Scattering. 

as-sem'-bly.  A  gathering  together.  Council,  Gath- 
ering-Scattering, Ministry-Laity,  Sociability- 
Privacy,  Union-Disunion. 

as-sem'-bly-man.  A  member  of  a  legislative  assembly. 
President-Member. 

as-sem'-bly  room.  A  gathering  place.  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

as-sent'.  Agreement.  Assent-Dissent,  Consent, 
Contentedness  -  Discontentment,  Faith  -  Misgiv- 
ing, Readiness-Reluctance,  Variance-Accord. 

DISSENT. 

Cavilling.     Picking  flaws;  frivolous  dissenting. 

Contradiction,  etc.     Denial  of  the  truth  of  a  statement;  gainsaying. 

See  Assertion-Denial. 
Difference  of  opinion.     Disagreement  in  belief  or  judgment;  dissent. 
Disaffection.     Discontent;  alienation;  disloyalty. 
Discontent,  etc.     Dissatisfaction ;  uneasiness.     See  Contentedness. 

Discontentment 


ASSENT. 


70 


ASSENT— DISSENT. 


Admission.     The  granting  of  an   argument  or  position  not  fully- 
proved . 
Affirmance.  1  .      ,  ,    .  . 

Affirmation,  J      solemn  declaration  m  place  of  a  judicial  oath. 

Agreement.  Harmony  of  opinion,  statement,  or  action.  See  Har- 
mony. 

Approval.     A  favorable  opinion . 

Assent.     Act  of  the  mind  in  admitting  or  agreeing  to  anything. 

Assentment.     Act  of  agreeing  with. 

Avowal.     An  open  declaration. 

Chorus.  The  simultaneous  joining  of  a  company  in  any  noisy 
demonstration. 

Common  consent.     Public  approval. 

Concord.  1    .     .  - 

Concordance.  J  A  state  of  agreement  or  harmony. 

Concurrence.     Agreement  of  opinion.     See  Cooperation. 

Confession.     Acknowledgment  of  a  matter  pertaining  to  oneself. 

Confession  of  faith.     A  formula  containing  the  articles  of  belief. 

Confirmation.  That  which  gives  new  strength  to  a  statement  or 
belief. 

Consent.  Voluntary  agreement  with  what  is  done  or  proposed  by 
another.     See  Consent. 

Cooperation.     Concurrent  effort  or  labor.     See  Cooperation. 

Corroboration.     To  confirm  or  declare  the  truth  of. 

Current  belief.     General  acceptance  of  a  fact  or  assertion  as  true. 

Current  opinion.  The  judgment  of  a  community  in  regard  to  any 
point  of  knowledge  or  action. 

Endorsement.     Sanction  or  approval.     See  Mark. 

Nod.     A  motion  of  the  head  giving  assent. 

Popular  belief.  Common  assent  to  anything  without  immediate  per- 
sonal knowledge. 

Popular  opinion.     Public  or  common  judgment. 

Public  opinion.  Notion  or  conviction  of  the  people,  founded  upon 
probable  evidence. 

Ratification.     Approval  or  sanction  of  an  act. 

Recognition.     Knowledge  confessed  or  avowed 

Unanimity.     The  state  of  being  of  one  mind. 

Visa  [L.].     An  endorsement  on  a  passport. 

Vox  populi  [L.].     The  voice  of  the  people. 

Assent — Verbs. 

Accede.     To  agree  or  assent  to  a  proposal  or  a  view. 

Accept.     To  receive  with  a  consenting  mind. 

Accord.     To  bring  to  an  agreement. 

Acknowledge.     To  own  or  recognize  in  a  particular  character. 

Acquiesce.     To  consent  by  silence,  or  by  omitting  to  object. 

Admit.     To  concede  as  true. 

Affirm.     To  confirm  ;  to  declare  positively. 

Agree.     To  come  to  one  mind  concerning.     See  Harmony 

Allow.     To  approve  of. 

Approve.     To  think  well  of. 

Assent.     To  express  one's  agreement. 

Avow.     To  acknowledge  and  justify. 

Coincide.     To  correspond  exactly. 

Concede.     To  yield  or  suffer  to  pass. 

Concur.     To  unite  or  agree  in  action  or  opinion. 

Confess.     To  acknowledge  oneself  to  be  guilty  of. 

Confirm.     To  strengthen  by  approval. 

Consent.     To  agree  in  opinion  or  sentiment. 

Corroborate.     To  make  more  certain.     See  sub  Evidence 

Countersign.     To  sign  in  order  to  attest  the  authenticity  of  a  writing 

Echo.     To  repeat  with  assent. 

Endorse.!  ™ 

T  dor       i    ^°&ive  one  s  name  or  support  to. 

Own.     To  admit  to  be  true. 

Permit.     To  allow  or  suffer  to  be  done.     See  Leave. 
Ratify.     To  give  sanction  to  something  done  by  an  agent. 
Receive.     To  take  into  mind  by  assent  to. 
Reciprocate.     To  give  and  receive  mutually. 
Recognize.     To  allow  that  one  knows. 

Assent — Verbal  Expressions. 

Abide  by;  agree  in  opinion;  be  at  one  with;  be  in  every  mouth;  be 
in  the  fashion;  chime  in  with;  close  with;  come  round  to;  come 
to  an  agreement;  come  to  an  understanding;  come  to  terms;  con- 
form to;  defer  to;  enter  into  one's  views;  give  assent;  give  one's 
voice  for;  go  along  with;  go  with;  go  with  the  stream;  join  in 
the  chorus;  lend  oneself  to;  nod  assent;  say  amen  to;  say  aye  to; 
say  ditto  to;  say  yes  to;  strike  in  with;  swim  with  the  stream; 
vote  for;  yield  assent. 

Ass  E  nt — A  djectives . 

Acquiescent.     Disposed  to  submit  quietly. 

Affirmative.     See  Assertion. 


Discordance,  etc.  State  of  disagreeing;  lack  of  harmony,  etc.  See 
Harmony-Discord. 

Dissension,  etc.  Angry  or  violent  disageement  in  opinion,  etc.  See 
Variance. 

Dissent.  Disagreement  in  opinion;  separation  from  an  established 
church. 

Diversity  of  opinion.     Unlikeness  or  variety  of  opinion. 

Non-compliance,  etc.  Failure  to  conform  or  acquiesce,  etc.  See 
Proffer-Refusal. 

Non-conformity,  etc.  Failure  to  conform  or  agree;  refusal  to  adhere 
to  the  established  church.     See  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

Protest.     Solemn  or  formal  dissent  or  objection. 

Protestantism.  The  principles  and  system  of  doctrines  of  the  Prot- 
estant churches,  dissenting  from  the  authority  of  the  pope. 

Recantation,  etc.  The  act  of  withdrawing,  as  a  former  statement,  or 
disavowing  an  opinion  previously  held,  etc.  See  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy. 

Recusancy.  Persistent  n  on -conformity  to  authoritative  commands; 
refusal  to  conform  to  the  Church  of  England. 

Schism.  Division  of  a  church  into  factions  because  of  dissenting 
opinions. 

Secession,  etc.  Withdrawal  from  union  or  fellowship,  etc.  See 
Quest-Abandonment. 

Dissent — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Dissenter.  One  who  disagees;  one  who  refuses  conformity  to  an 
established  church. 

Dissentient.     A  dissenter;  one  who  disagrees. 

Non-content.     One  who  votes  negatively. 

Non-juror.  A  Scotch  or  English  clergyman  who  refused  to  swear  alle- 
giance. 

Protestant.  Any  Christian  who  stands  opposed  to  Roman  Catholi- 
cism. 

Recusant.  One  who  obstinately  refuses  to  conform  to  authoritative 
commands;  a  n  on -conformist. 

Schismatic.  One  who  causes  or  takes  part  in  a  schism;  one  who  dis- 
sents from  an  established  church  because  of  difference  of  opinion. 

Dissent — Verbs. 

Call  in  question,  etc.  Doubt;  disagree  with;  challenge,  etc.  See 
Faith-Misgiving. 

Cavil.     Object  frivolously;  pick  flaws. 

Contradict,  etc.  Deny;  be  inconsistent  with.  See  Assertion- 
Denial. 

Demur.     Bring  forward  objections  or  difficulties ;  take  exception. 

Differ  in  opinion.     Disagee;  dissent. 

Differ  toto  ca-lo.     Differ  by  the  whole  heaven ;  be  entirely  different. 

Disagree.     Differ;  hold  discordant  views. 

Dissent.  Disagree  in  opinion;  refuse  adherence  to  an  established 
church. 

Have  no  notion  of.     Refuse. 

Look  askance.  {„  ,      .,,     ,.    ,  .  ,.  , 

Look  askant,    J  Re^ard  Wlth  disdain  or  distrust. 

Protest.     Dissent  formally  or  solemnly. 

Raise  one's  voice  against.     Object  to  or  protest  against  by  speech. 

Recant,  etc.  Retract,  as  a  former  statement;  renounce  an  opinion 
previously  held.     See  Bigotry-Apostasy. 

Refuse  assent.     "Withhold  approval;  dissent. 

Refuse  to  admit.     Decline  to  acknowledge  the  truth  of;  disagree. 

Repudiate.     Disavow;  renounce;  refuse  to  acknowledge  and  pay. 

Revolt  at.     Dissent  with  disgust  or  offense. 

Revolt  from  the  idea.  Be  disgusted,  shocked,  or  offended  with  the 
idea. 

Say  no,  etc.     See  Assertion-Denial. 

Secede.     Withdraw  from  fellowship,  communion,  or  confederation . 

Shake  the  head.  Dissent  by  moving  the  head  on  its  axis  from  side  to 
side. 

Shrug  the  shoulders.  Raise  up  the  shoulders  in  order  to  express  dis- 
like, doubt,  etc. 

Dissent — Adjectives. 

Denominational.     Sectarian ;  characterized  by  different  opinions. 
Discontented,  etc.     Dissatisfied,  etc.     See  Contentedness-Discon- 

tentment. 
Dissentient.     Dissenting;  withholding  approval. 
Dissenting,  etc.     Disagreeing;  refusing  adherence,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Dissident.     Differing;  dissenting. 

Extorted.     Obtained  violently  from  an  unwilling  person. 
Negative,  etc.     Characterized  by  contradiction  or  dissent,  etc.     See 

Assertion-Denial. 
Non-content.     Dissatisfied. 
Non-juring.     Refusing  to  swear  allegiance. 
Out  of  the  question.     Not  worthy  of  thought  or  consideration. 
Protestant.     Protesting;  formally  dissenting. 


ASSENT. 


71 


ASSERTION— DENIAL. 


ASSENT—  DISSENT— Continued. 


ASSENT — Adjectives — Continued. 
Agreed.     Of  the  same  mind. 

Agreed  nem.  con.     No  one  speaking  in  opposition. 
Agreed  on  all  hands.     Unanimous. 
Assenting.     Admitting  or  agreeing  to  anything. 
At  one  with.     Agreed. 

Carried  by  acclamation.     Passed  by  a  shout  »f  approval. 
Carried  nem.  con.     Carried  without  opposition. 
Content.     Agreeing  without  examination. 
Of  one  accord.         ~| 
Of  one  mind.  >  Unanimous. 

Of  the  same  mind. ) 

Unanimous.     Agreeing  in  opinion  or  determination. 
Unchallenged.     Left  to  pass  without  examination. 
Uncontradicted.     Without  assertion  to  the  contrary. 
Uncontroverted.     Undisputed. 
Unquestioned.      Not  doubted. 

Willing,  etc  Received  of  choice,  or  without  reluctance.  See  Readi- 
ness. 

Assent — Adverbs. 

Affirmatively.     Positively. 
Amen.     So  be  it. 
As  one  man.     All  together. 
Assuredly.     Certainly. 

Be  it  so. 

By  common  consent.     See  Nouns. 

Certainly.     Without  doubt  or  question. 

Certes.     In  truth. 

Doubtless,     Fixed  in  judgment. 

Even  so.     Just  so. 

Exactly.     Strictly  according  to  rule. 

Ex  concesso  [L.].     From  what  has  been  conceded. 

Good.     Expression  of  approval. 

Granted.     Admitted  as  true. 

In  chorus.     Acting  together. 

Indeed.     Truly;  denoting  concession. 

In  the  affirmative.     Positively,  as  opposed  to  negatively. 

Just  so. 

Nem.  con.  [L.].     Abbreviation  iornemine  contradicente . 

Nemine  contradicente  [h.].     No  one  speaking  in  opposition. 

Nemine  dissentiente  [L.].     Without  a  dissenting  voice. 

No  doubt.  I  q      . 

Of  course,  i     u     y' 

On  all  hands.  I  AM  .        .« 

One  and  all.   i  m  t°8**«- 

Precisely.      ~| 

So  be  it.         ^Exactly. 

So  let  it  be.) 

That's  just  it  |  ^^ 

Thou  hast  said  it.  J 

To  a  man.     All  together. 

assentt,  gli  hanno  torto  [It.]  (as-sen'-ti,  yi  an'-no 
tor-to).  The  absent  are  in  the  wrong.  Justifica- 
tion-Charge, 


DISSENT— Adjectives — Continued. 
Recusant.     Obstinately  refusing  conformity. 
Schismatic.     Of  or  pertaining  to  schism  or  dissent. 
Sectarian.     Devotedly  attached  to  the  tenets  of  a  denomination; 

dissenting  from  all  but  one  sect. 
Unacknowledged.     Not  confessed  or  avowed. 
Unavowed.     Not  openly  acknowledged. 

Unconsenting,  etc.     Not  agreeing,  etc.     See  Proffer-Refusal. 
Unconverted.     Not  agreeing  with  the  Christian  religion;  not  changed 

in  opinion. 
Unconvinced.    Not  persuaded  by  argument;  unsatisfied  by  evidence. 
Unwilling,  etc.     See  Readiness-Reluctance. 

Dissent — Adverbs. 
At  issue  with.     Dissenting  from ;  disputed. 
At  variance  with.     In  disagreement  with;  in  a  condition  of  dissen* 

sion. 
No,  etc.     See  Assertion-Denial. 
Under  protest.     With  formal  and  solemn  dissent. 

Dissent — Interjections. 
God  forbid!     1*11  be  hanged  if;  never  tell  me;   not  for  the  world; 
pardon  me;  your  humble  servant. 

Dissent — Phrases. 
II  s'en  faut  bien  [F.].     It  is  far  from  it. 
Many  men  many  minds.     Diversity  of  opinion. 
Quot  homines  tot  sentential  [L.].     Many  men  many  minds, 
Tant  s'en  faut  [F.].     So  far  from  it. 


ASSENT— Adverbs— Continued. 

To  be  sure.     Certainly. 

—     . '   |  Expressions  of  assent. 

Unanimously.     Of  one  mind. 
Una  voce  [L.].     With  one  voice. 
Unquestionably.     Undisputed. 

Well' and  good.  )Justso- 

Willingly,  etc.     Of  one's  own  accord.     See  Readiness. 

With  one  accord.  ^ 

With  one  consent.  >See  Nouns. 

With  one  voice.     J 

Without  a  dissentient  voice.     Unanimously. 

Yea  ) 

Y     '  |  Affirmative  adverbs. 

As  s  e  n  t — Phrases. 

Avec  plaisir  [F.].     With  pleasure. 

Chi  tace  accousente  [It.].     Silence  gives  consent. 

Es  korakas  [Gr.J.     To  the  crows. 

as-sert'.  To  state  positively  or  plainly.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Dueness-Undueness. 

as-ser'-tion.  Positive  or  definite  statement.  Asser- 
tion-Denial. 


ASSERTION— DENIAL. 


I 


Acknowledgment.      Avowal     of     an     obligation;    confession.     See 

Assent. 
Adjuration.     An  impressive  appeal  or  charge. 
Affidavit.     A  written  declaration  under  oath. 
Affirmance.     The  act  of  openly  declaring. 
Affirmation.     The  act  of  declaring  true;   an  assertion. 
Allegation.     Act  of  strongly  declaring. 

Assertion.     The  making  of  a  statement  as  a  conviction  of  the  mind. 
Asseveration.     Emphatic  affirmation. 
Assurance.     Declaration  intended  to  dispel  doubt. 
Averment.     Strong  statement  of  the  truth. 
Avouchment.     A  declaration  that  the  maker  will  stand  by. 
"Dogmatism.     Unyielding;  positive  assertion.     See  Certainty. 
Declaration.     An  open,  formal  expression  of  facts,  etc. 
Deposition.     Written  testimony  sworn  to.     See  Mark. 
Dictum.     An  authoritative  statement. 
Emphasis.     The  act  of  bringing  out  forcibly. 

Ipse  dixit  [L.].     He  himself  has  said  it.     Incontestable  statement. 
'*ath.     A  solemn  appeal  to  God  in  support  of  the  truth  of  a  declara- 

*i«n. 


Abjuration.  Renouncing  upon  oath. 
Abnegation.  A  denial,  a  renouncing. 
Confutation.     The  act  of  refuting,  of   successfully    denying.      See 

Proof-Disproof. 
Contradiction.     Denial  of  another's  assertion. 
Contravention.     Opposition  to  the  operation,  as  of  a  law. 
Denial.     The  act  of  refusing  to  grant  or  admit,  non-compliance. 
Disavowal.     Refusing  to  own,  repudiation. 
Disclaimer.     A  denying  of  any  responsibility,  etc. 
Emphatic  contradiction.     Positive  denial. 
Emphatic  denial.     Absolute  refusal  to  accept  or  to  admit. 
Flat  contradiction,  j  Q  d  absolute  denial  or  contradiction. 

Flat  denial.  > 

Prohibition.     The  act  of  forbidding  or  disallowing.     See   Leave* 

Prohibition. 
Protest.     A  public  objecting  to. 
Nf  gation.     Opposed  to  affirmation,  a  denial. 
Qualification.     A  partial  negation.     See  Modification. 
Recusation.     Persistent  refusal  to  conform  to  established  order. 
Recusancy.     Obstinacy  in  refusal.     See  Assent-Dissent. 


ASSERTION. 


72 


ASSERTION. 


ASS  ERTIO  N— DENI  XL—Continued. 


Observation.     A  casual  remark . 

Position.     The  act  of  laying  down,  as  a  principle,  fact,  etc. 

Predication.     A  statement  of  a  principle  belonging  to  something. 

Profession.     A  declaration  of  any  kind  as  of  faith,  etc. 

Protest.     A  solemn  declaration  or  objection. 

Protestation.     Act  of  proclaiming  or  objecting  to  a  thing. 

Remark.     A  brief  statement  without  much  thought. 

Saying.     A  common  remark  often  repeated. 

Sentence.     A  group  of  words  making  sense. 

Statement.     A  declaration  of  things. 

Swearing.     Solemn  affirmation  upon  oath. 

Voice.     An  expression  of  judgment  or  preference. 

Vote.     A  formal  expression  of  preference. 

Voter.     One  who  casts  a  vote  on  a  question. 

Word.     A  brief  remark. 

Assertion — Noun  of  Agency. 

Dogmatist.      One  who  clings  tenaciously  to  an  opinion  or  declaration. 

Assertion — Verbs. 

Acknowledge.     To  avow,  confess.     See  Assent. 
Adjure.     To  put  to  one's  oath.     See  Engagement. 
Advance.     To  put  forward  as  one's  opinion. 
Affirm.     To  make  a  statement  firm;  to  declare  positively. 
Allege.     To  declare,  to  aver. 

Announce.     To  give  public  notice  of;  to  declare.     See  Enlighten- 
ment. 
Assert.     To  affirm  boldly. 
Assert  positively. 
Assert  roundly. 

Asseverate.     To  aver  strongly. 
Assure.     To  make  safe  against  doubts. 
Attest.     To  declare  true.     See  Evidence. 
Aver.     To  assert  that  something  is  true. 
Avouch.     To  declare  in  favor  of. 
Avow.     To  acknowledge  openly. 
Be  sworn. 

Broach.     To  introduce  a  subject  for  the  first  time. 
Call  Heaven  to  witness.     To  affirm  solemnly. 
Certify.     To  make  certain ;  to  make  declaration  of  the  truth  of. 
Contend.     To  hold  to  a  statement. 
Declare.     To  make  an  open  statement. 
Depone.     To  testify. 
Depose.     To  bear  witness  to  under  oath. 
Dogmatize.     To  make  positive,  arrogant  statements. 
Emphasize.     To  utter  with  force. 

Have  one's  say.     To  give  one's  opinion  and  carry  his  point. 
Have  the  last  word. 
Hold  out.     Stick  to. 

Insist  upon.     To  assert  emphatically;  to  demand  forcibly. 
Kiss  the  book.     To  take  the  oath. 
Lay  down.     To  assert  vigorously. 
Lay  down  the  law. 

Lay  stress  upon.     To  subjoin  great  importance  to. 
Maintain.     To  affirm  as  a  doctrine,  etc. 
Make  an  affidavit. 
Make  an  assertion.     See  Nouns. 
Make  (take)  one's  oath. 
Predicate.     To  (affirm  one  thing  of  another. 
Pretend.     To  claim,  profess. 
Profess.     To  announce  publicly. 
Pronounce.     To  declare. 
Propjse.     To  place  before. 
Propound.     To  formally  propose. 
Protest.     To  assert  emphatically. 
Put  forth. 
Put  forward. 
Put  in  an  affidavit. 
Raise  one's  voice .     To  attest,  proclaim. 
Rap  out.     To  speak  out  suddenly. 
Reaffirm.     To  affirm  again. 
Reassert.     To  assert  again. 
Repeat.     To  say  over  again. 
Say. 

Set  forth .     To  declare . 
State.     To  set  out  clearly. 
Swear.     To  affirm  on  oath. 

Swear  by.  . 

Swear  by  bell,  book  and  candle. 
Swear  till  one  is  all  blue. 
Swear  till  one  is  black  in  the  face. 


Refusal.     A  declining  to  comply  or  accept.     See  Proffer-Refusal. 

Repudiation.  Refusal  to  have  anything  to  do  with.  See  Choice- 
Rejection. 

Retraction.  The  act  or  state  of  being  retracted.  See  Bigotry- 
Apostasy. 

Denial — Verbs. 

Belie.     To  make  out  false,  to  contradict. 

Bring  in  question.     To  throw  doubt  upon.     See  Faith-Misgiving. 

Call  in  question. 

Contradict.     To  deny  the  truth  of. 

Contravene.     To  oppose  the  operation  of. 

Controvert.     To  deny  and  to  sustain  the  denial  by  arguments. 

Deny.     To  affirm  that  such  and  such  are  untrue,  to  disown. 

Deny  emphatically. 

Deny  entirely. 

Deny  flatly. 

Deny  peremptorily. 

Deny  wholly. 

Disaffirm.     Not  to  affirm  or  declare. 

Disavow.     To  refuse  to  own  or  acknowledge. 

Disclaim.     Not  to  claim. 

Disown.     To  decline  to  own ;  to  disavow. 

Dispute.     To  contend  in  argument ;  to  question  the  truth  of. 

Gainsay.     To  say  against;  to  deny. 

Give  the  lie  to.     To  call  a  liar;  to  brand  as  a  liar. 

Ignore.  To  decline  to  have  any  relations  with.  See  Carefulness- 
Carelessness. 

Impugn.     To  assail  with  arguments;  to  contradict. 

Join  issue  upon.     To  enter  into  a  debate. 

Negative.     To  prove  or  declare  untrue. 

Qualify.     To  negative  partially.     See  Modification. 

Rebut.     To  contradict  with  argument.     See  Proof-Disproof. 

Recant.     To  take  back  a  former  statement. 

Refuse.     To  decline,  to  deny.     See  Proffer-Refusal. 

Repudiate.  To  refuse  to  have  anything  to  do  with,  to  discard.  See 
Choice-Rejection. 

Revoke.  To  declare  void,  to  reverse.  See  Commission-Abroga- 
tion. 

Set  aside. 

Shake  the  head.     To  call  in  question. 

Traverse.     To  make  a  formal  denial. 

Denial — Adjectives. 
At  issue  upon.     In  controversy. 
Contradictory.     Affirming  the  opposite. 
Denied.     Declared  untrue.     See  Verbs. 
Denying.     Declaring  untrue.     See  Verbs. 
Negative.     Opposed  to  positive. 
Negatory.     Belonging  to  negation. 
Recusant.     Obstinately  declining  to  conform.    See  Assent-Dissent. 

Denial — Adverbial  Expressions. 
By  no  manner  of;  by  no  means;  far  from  it;  in  no  respect;  nay; 
negatively;  no;  no  such  thing;  not;  not  a  bit;  not  a  jot;  not  at  all; 
not  a  whit;  nothing  of  the  kind;  nothing  of  the  sort;  not  in  the  least; 
not  so;  nowise;  on  no  account;  quite  the  contrary;  tant  s'en  jaut 
[F.],  so  far  from  it ;  tout  au  contraire  [F.],  on  the  contrary. 

Denial — Phrases. 
X  know  better. 

Non  kmc  in  ja:dera  [L.].     Not  in  these  compacts. 
There  never  was  a  greater  mistake. 


ASSERTION— Verbs— Continued. 

Take  one's  Bible  oath.     To  take  a  very  solemn  oath. 

Take  one's  stand  upon.     To  emphatically  affirm. 

Vitam  impendere  vero  [L.].     To  risk  one's  life  for  the  truth. 

Vouch.     To  certify  to  the  truth  of. 

Vow.     To  make  a  solemn  promise. 

Warrant.     To  declare  confidently. 

Assertion — Adjectives. 
Absolute.     Authoritative,  peremptory. 
Amrmatory.     Having  affirmation. 
Asserting.     Stating  positively.     See  Verbs. 
Broad.     Plain,  open,  clear. 
Categorical.     Without  condition,  absolute. 
Certain.     Plain,  evident,  open.     See  Certainty. 
Confident.     Being  bold,  self-reliant. 
Decided.     Having  decision,  resolute. 


ASSERTION. 


73 


ASSIZE. 


ASSERTION— Adjectives— Continued. 


Declaratory.     Making  an  affirmation. 

Definitive.     Final,  conclusive. 

Distinct.     Open,  clear. 

Dogmatic.     Having  positive  beliefs. 

Emphatic.     Having  force  or  emphasis. 

Explicit.     Plainly  expressed.     See  Manifestation. 

Express.     Declared  with  distinctness. 

Flat.     Unqualified,  positive. 

Formal.     Done  according  to  form. 

Marked.     Distinguished  by  a  mark. 

Peremptory.     Positive  in  opinion,  absolute. 


Affirmatively,  in  an  affirmative  manner  (see  Adjectives)*,  be  assured 
(see  Faith);  by  George;  by  jingo;  by  Jove;  by  my  troth;  egad,  by 
God;  ex  cathedra  [L.],  with  authority;  forsooth;  give  me  leave 
to  say;  I  assure  you;  I'd  have  you  to  know;  i'  faith;  I'll  answer 
for  it;  I'll  be  bound;  I'll  engage  for  it;  I'll  take  my  oath;  I'll  ven- 
ture to  say;  I'll  warrant;  I'll  warrant  you;  I  must  say;  in  all  con- 


Pointed.     Having  sharpness  or  point. 

Positive.     That  which  may  be  asserted. 

Predicable.     Capable  of  predication. 

Predicatory.     Able  to  be  affirmed  as  a  quality. 

Pronunciative.     Dogmatical. 

Round.     Unqualified,  full 

Soi-disant  [F.].     Pretended. 

Solemn.     Having  gravity,  done  formally. 

Trenchant.     Keen,  biting. 

Unre traded.     Not  taken  back ;  still  affirmed. 

Assertion — Adverbial  Expressions. 

science;  in  sober  earnest;  in  sober  sadness;  in  sober  truth;  in  tht 
affirmative;  joking  apart;  let  me  tell  you;  marry;  not  to  mince 
the  matter;  of  a  truth;  perdie;  sadly;  seriously;  so  hslp  me  God; 
take  my  honor;  take  my  oath;  troth;  truly;  upon  my  word;  upon 
oath;  why;  with  emphasis;  without  fear  of  contradiction;  yes  (see 
Assent)  ;  you  may  be  sure. 


Dixi  TL-X     I  have  said  it. 


Assertion — Phrases. 

Quoth  he.     Said  he. 


as-sess'.     To  fix  the  amount  of  tax.     Decision-Mis- 

judgment,  Mensuration,  Price-Discount. 
as-sess'-ment.     Apportionment  of  taxes.      Decision- 

MlSJUDGMENT,  MENSURATION,  PRICE-DlSCOUNT. 

as-sess'-or.  An  officer  who  levies  taxes;  an  associate 
judge.     Judge. 

as -sets.  Property  of  an  insolvent  debtor.  Money, 
Property. 

as-sev'-er-ate.  To  declare  positively.  Assertion- 
Denial. 

as-sev"-er-a'-tion.  Emphatic  declaration.  Asser- 
tion-Denial. 

as"-si-du'-i-ty.  Close  application.  Activity-Indo- 
lence. 

as-sid'-u-ous.  Devoted  or  constant.  Activity-Indo- 
lence. 

as-sid'-u-ous-ness.  Habits  of  close  application.  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence. 

as'-si-fy.    To  make  an  ass  of.    Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

as-sign'.  To  setapart  for  a  particular  use.  Alienation, 
Assignment,  Commission-Abrogation,  Giving-Re- 
ceiving  ;  assign  as  a  duty,  Duty-Dereliction  ; 
assign  as  cause,  Rationale-Luck;  assign  places, 
Organization  -Disorganization. 

as'-sig-nat.  Promissory  note  of  the  French  revolu- 
tionary government  in  1789.     Money. 

as"-sig-na'-tion.  Appointment;  a  meeting  place. 
Sociability-Privacy;  place  of  assignation,  Gather- 
ingplace. 

as"-sign-ee'.    A  trustee.     Giving-Receiving. 

as-sign'-ment.  Appointment;  transfer  of  property. 
Assignment,  Commission-Abrogation,  Giving-Re- 
ceiving. 

ASSIGNMENT. 

Allotment.  Anything  set  apart  for  a  special  use  or  to  a  distinct  per- 
son. 

Allowance.     A  share  or  portion  of  anything  granted. 

Appointment.  Designation  of  a  person  to  hold  an  office  or  discharge 
trust. 

Apportionment.     A  dividing  into  just  shares  or  parts. 

Appropriation.     Application  for  a  special  use  or  purpose. 

Assignment.     A  grant  for  a  particular  purpose. 

Consignment.     Goods  sent  to  an  agent  at  one  time. 

Contingent.     That  which  falls  to  one  in  a  division. 

Deal.     A  part  or  portion. 

Dispensation.     That  which  is  dealt  out  or  appointed. 

Distribution.     Arrangement  into  parts. 

Dividend.     A  sum  of  money  to  be  divided  or  distributed.     ' 

Division.     The  portion  separated  or  set  apart  from  another. 

Dole.     That  which  is  dealt  out. 

Dose.     The  quantity  of  medicine  given  at  one  time. 

Lot.     A  part  which  falls  to  one  by  chance. 


Measure.     The  quantity  determined  by  measuring. 

Meed.     That  which  is  bestowed  upon  one  in  consideration  of  merit. 

Mess.      A  quantity  of  food  set  on  a  table  at  one  time. 

Modicum  [L.].     A  small  quantity. 

Partition.     A  part  divided  off. 

Pittance.     A  meager  portion,  quantity,  or  allowance. 

Portion.     A  part  considered  by  itself. 

Proportion.     The  part  one  receives  when  the  whole  is  distributed  b> 

rule. 
Quantum  [L.].     A  definite  portion. 
Quota.     A  proportional  part  or  share. 
Ratio.     A  fixed  relation  of  quantity,  or  degree. 
Ration.     A  fixed  daily  allowance  of  provisions. 
Repartition.     An  additional  separation  into  parts. 
Share.     The  part  belonging  to  one  of  anything  owned  by  a  number 

Assignment — Verbs. 

Allot.     To  parcel  into  parts. 

Apportion.     To  divide  and  assign  in  just  proportion. 

Billet.     To  quarter  or  place  in  lodgings. 

Carve.     To  cut  into  parts  for  sharing. 

Cast.     To  fix  or  distribute. 

Deal.     To  give  in  portions. 

Detail,     To  appoint  for  a  particular  service. 

Dispense.     To  give  out  in  portions. 

Distribute.     To  divide  among  several  or  many. 

Divide,    fTo  part. 

Dole  out.     To  give  out  in  small  portions. 

Mete.     To  allot  by  quantity  or  capacity. 

Parcel  out.     To  divide  and  distribute  by  parts. 

Portion  out.     To  endow  with  a  portion  or  inheritance. 

Share.     To  receive  a  portion. 

Assignment — Adjectives, 

Apportioning,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Respective.     Relating  to  particular  persons  or  things,  each  to  each. 

Assignment — Adverbs. 
Each  to  each.     Considered  separately  from  everything  else. 
Respectively.     Referred  to  each  in  order. 

as-sim'-i-late'.  To  make  like,  or  transform  into  the 
same  substance.  Conversion-Reversion,  Har- 
mony-Discord, Imitation-Originality,  Likeness- 
Unlikeness,  Uniformity-Diversity. 

as-sim"-i-la'-tion.  A  transformation  into  the  same  sub- 
stance. Biology,  Conversion-Reversion,  Har- 
mony-Discord, Imitation-Originality. 

as-sist'.    To  help.     Obstruction-Help. 

as-sis'-tance.      Help.    Obstruction-Help. 

as-sist'-ant.  One  who  helps  another.  Antagonist 
Assistant. 

as-sist'-er.     One  who  is  present.     Presence-Absence 

as-size'.  Session  of  a  court;  to  fix  the  weight  of 
Mensuration,  Tribunal  ;  justice  of  assize,  Judge. 


ASSOCIATE. 


74 


ASSUMING. 


as-so'-ci-ate.  To  bring  together;  one  very  much  in 
the  company  of  a  person.  Antagonist-Assistant, 
Association,  Connection-Independence,  Friend- 
Foe,  Gathering-Scattering,  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity, Solitude-Company,  Union-Disunion; 
associate  with,  W  .xture-Homogeneity,  Sociabil- 
ity-Privacy, Solitude-Company. 

as-so'-ci-a-ted.  Joined  to.  Connection-Independ- 
ence. 

as-so"-ci-a'-tion.  Connection  or  relation.  Antag- 
onism-Concurrence, Antagonist-Assistant,  As- 
sociation, Connection-Independence,  Friend- 
Foe,  Gathering-Scattering,  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity, Solitude-Company,  Union-Disunion; 
association  of  ideas,  Hypothesis,  Mind-Imbecility, 
Ratiocination-Instinct,  Reflection-Vacancy. 

ASSOCIATION. 

Association.     A  body  of  persons  united  for  a  common  purpose. 

Band.  A  body  of  men  associated  for  the  execution  of  a  specific 
object. 

Body.     A  group  of  persons  considered  as  a  whole. 

Brigue.     A  cabal;  a  faction. 

Brotherhood.  A  number  of  men  united  by  some  fraternal  bond  or 
vow. 

Cabal.     A  factious,  intriguing  body  of  men. 

Camarilla  [It.].     An  irresponsible  company  of  advisers. 

Camorra  [It.].  A  secret  society  of  Italy  and  Naples,  organized  in 
the  nineteenth  century,  to  watch  the  course  of  political  events. 

Circle.     A  company  bound  together  by  a  common  tie. 

Clan.  A  body  of  persons  of  the  same  descent  having  a  tribal  society. 
See  Parentage. 

Clique.  An  exclusive  circle  of  persons,  generally  associated  for  a  bad 
purpose. 

Club.     An  association  of  persons  for  social  purposes. 

Combination.  A  joining  together  of  a  number  for  effecting  a  pur- 
pose. 

Community.  A  number  of  persons  having  a  common  interest; 
society  in  general;  a  corporate  body. 

Confederation.     The  act  of  joining  together;  a  league  of  states. 

Confederacy.     A  number  of  states  in  league. 

Confraternity.     A  body  of  men  joined  together  for  a  common  end. 

Coterie.     A  circle  of  persons  meeting  together  for  a  certain  purpose. 

Crew.  A  body  of  men  associated  for  a  specific  work;  the  seamen  of 
one  vessel;  any  gang. 

Denomination.     A  group  of  persons  having  a  common  name. 

Dramatis  persona  [L.].     The  characters  of  a  play. 

Faction.  A  combination  of  politicians  within  a  party  acting  for  their 
own  interest ,  in  opposition  to  the  government  or  general  good. 

Familistery.  A  community  in  which  many  persons  uni%  as  one 
family. 

Family.     A  group  of  persons  united  by  consanguinity  or  ties  of  blood. 

Federation.     A  league  of  persons  or  of  states. 

Fellowship.     A  body  of  associated  persons  as  companions. 

Fraternity.  A  body  of  men  associated  together  in  a  friendly  manner 
for  some  purpose. 

Freemasonry.  Institutions  of  Freemasons,  a  secret  organization  for 
promotion  of  social  intercourse  and  mutual  assistance. 

Free-soiler.     An  advocate  for  the  non-extension  of  slavery. 

Gang.     A  number  in  company  acting  together. 

Horde.     An  irregular  company,  said  generally  of  barbarous  nomads. 

Incorporation.     Act  of  incorporating. 

Institute.     A  society  generally  of  literary  or  philosophical  men. 

Institution.     A  corporate  body  for  a  public  purpose. 

Junto.     A  secret  council  of  men  for  political  purposes. 

Knot.     A  cluster,  a  group  of  men. 
.   League.     A  union  of  persons,  or  states  for  effecting  an  end. 

Locofoco.     A  name  formerly  given  to  a  part  of  the  Democratic  party. 

Luddite.  A  member  of  a  riotous  gang  which  for  six  years  (1811-17) 
tried  to  keep  labor-saving  machines  out  of  England. 

Party.  A  body  of  persons  opposed  in  opinion  or  policy  to  another 
body;  a  number  of  persons  associated. 

Phalanx.     Any  closely  knit  body  of  men. 

Posse.  A  number  of  men  selected  by  the  sheriff  to  assist  in  the  main- 
tenance of  order. 

Ring.  A  combination  of  persons  generally  for  corrupt  political  pur- 
poses or  mercenary  ends. 

Set.  A  number  of  persons  of  same  rank,  profession,  tastes,  or 
thought. 

Sid^.     A  party,  a  clique. 


Sisterhood.     A  company  of  women  associated  together  in  common 

bonds  0*.  friendship. 
Society.     Any  body  of  persons  united  by  any  tie. 
Sodality.     A  brotherhood. 
Staff.     A  body  of  persons  attached  to  a  commander-in-chief  of  an 

army. 
Trade  union.     A  combination  of  workmen  for  bettering  their  social 

and  economic  condition. 
Union.     A  combination  or  association  of  any  kind. 

Association — Denotations. 

Alliance,  an  agreement  between  parties;  bund  [G.],  a  league,  espe- 
cially said  of  the  German  Confederation;  coalition;  defensive  alii 
ance;  Knight  Templar;  Kuklux;  offensive  alliarce;  party  spirit; 
solidarity,  a  solid  union  of  interests  or  feeling;  Tammany;  Tory; 
verein  [G.],  a  voluntary  union  of  persons  for  a  definite  end;  Whig; 
zollverein  [G.],  a  union  in  respect  to  trade  and  customs. 

Ass  oc  1  a  t  1  on — Place . 
Casino.     A  place  for  assemblage,  etc. 

Association — Verbs. 
Associate.     To  join  together  in  a  common  enterprise.     See  Gather. 

IHG. 

Cement  a  party.  To  join  its  parts  firmly  together,  to  make  it  coop- 
erate together. 

Club  together.  To  join  together  in  a  common  end.  See  Concur- 
rence. 

Enleague.     To  unite  in  a  league. 

Form  a  party.     To  join  together  into  a  party.     See  Nouns. 

Join.     To  bring  together,  to  associate. 

Unite.     To  join,  to  bring  together  into  a  whole. 

Association — Adjectives. 

Banded  together.     United  together  as  in  a  band. 

Bonded  together.     Held  together  as  with  bonds. 

Confederated.     Leagued  together  in  a  common  end. 

Embattled.     Marshaled  in  battle  array. 

Federative.     Leagued  together. 

In  alliance  (see  Nouns)  ;  in  league;  in  partnership. 

Joint.     United,  working  together. 

Linked  together.     Associated  together  as  if  with  links. 

Association — Adverbs. 
En  masse  [F.],  in  mass;  hand  in  hand;  shoulder  to  shoulder;  side  by 
side. 

as-soil'.    To  set  free.    Exculpation-Conviction. 

as'-so- nance.  Correspondence  in  sound.  Melody- 
Dissonance,  Poetry-Prose. 

as'-so-nant.  Corresponding  in  sound.  Melody-Dis- 
sonance. 

as-sort'.  To  distribute  into  classes.  Organization- 
Disorganization. 

as-sort'-ment.  Classification.  Division,  Gathering- 
Scattering. 

as-suage'.  To  allay  or  soothe.  Alleviation-Aggra- 
vation, Turbulence-Calmness. 

as-suage'-ment.  Abatement.  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

as-sua'-ging.     Soothing.     Alleviation-Aggravation. 

as-sua'-sive.     Soothing.     Alleviation- Aggravation. 

as"-su-e-fac'-tion.     Habituation.     Habit-Desuetude. 

as'-su-e-tude.  State  of  being  accustomed  to.  Habit- 
Desuetude. 

as-sume'.  To  undertake;  to  take  for  granted;  to  put 
on  deceitfully.  Dueness-Undueness,  Faith-Mis- 
giving, Hypothesis,  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness, Taking-Restitution,  Truthfulness-False- 
hood; assume  a  character,  Delineation-Carica- 
ture ;  assume  a  form,  Conversion-Reversion  ; 
assume  authority,  Rule-License;  assume  com- 
mand, Order,  Rule-License;  assume  the  offensive, 
Attack-Defense. 

as-sumed'.     Taken  for  granted.  Hypothesis;  as- 

sumed name,  Name-Misnomer. 

as-su'-ming.  Being  presumptuous.  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness. 


ASSUMPTION. 


75 


ASTONISHMENT. 


as-sump'-tion.  Taken  for  granted;  arrogance.  Con- 
version-Reversion, Dueness-Undueness,  Faith- 
Misgiving,  Harshness-Mildness,  Hypothesis, 
Presumption  -  Obsequiousness,  Sanguineness- 
Hopelessness,  Taking-Restitution,  Truthful- 
ness-Falsehood. 

as-sur'-ance.  Confidence;  boldness;  evidence  of  the 
transfer  of  property.  Assertion  -  Denial,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Conceit-Diffidence,  Engagement- 
Release,  Faith-Misgiving,  Hypothesis,  Presump- 
tion -  Obsequiousness,  Rationale  -  Luck,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness,  Security;  make  assur- 
ance doubly  sure,  Certainty- Doubt,  Reckless- 
ness-Caution, Security-Insecurity. 

as-sure'.  To  give  confidence  to.  Assertion-Denial, 
Engagement- Release,  Faith-Misgiving,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness,  Security. 

as-sur'-ed-ly.    Without  doubt.    Assent-Dissent. 

a-stat'-ic.  In  neutral  equilibrium.  Heaviness-Light- 
ness. 

as'-ter-isk.  A  star  used  to  indicate  in  writing  or  print- 
ing.    Sign. 

a-stern'.  Behind  the  ship.  Anteriority-Posterior- 
ity; fall  astern,  Advance-Retrogression. 


as'-ter-oid.    A  small  planet.    Astronomy,  Universe. 

As'-ter-oth.  Female  counterpart  of  Baal.  Jove- 
Fiend. 

as"-the-ni'-a.  General  debility.  Strength-Weak- 
ness. 

as-then'-ic.  One  generally  weak.  Strength  Weak 
ness. 

as'*-tig-mat'-ic.  Relating  to  astigmatism.  Sight-Dim- 
sightedness. 

a-stig'-ma-tism.  An  optical  defect.  Sight-Dim- 
sightedness. 

a-stir'.  In  full  activity.  Activity-Indolence,  Ex- 
citation; set  astir,  Excitation. 

a-ston'-ish.  To  affect  with  wonder  or  surprise. 
Astonishment-Expectance,  Expectation-Sur- 
prise. 

a-ston'-ished  at  no'-thing.  Cool-headed.  Astonish- 
ment-Expectance. 

a-ston'-ish-ing.    Surprising.    Magnitude-Smallness. 

a-ston'-ish-ing-ly.  Surprisingly.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness. 

a-ston'-ish-ment.  Amazement.  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance. 


Admiration.  Wonder  mingled  with  pleasing  emotions;  it  includes 
delight  and  regard. 

Amazedness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  amazed.     See  Adjectives. 

Amazement.  Pleasing  or  painful  wonderment,  especially  affecting 
the  intellect. 

Astonishment.  Momentary  overwhelming  of  the  mind  by  that 
which  is  beyond  expectation,  affecting  the  emotions  especially. 

Awe.  Yielding  of  the  mind  to  something  grand  in  character  or 
formidable  in  power. 

Bewilderment.     State  of  being  led  into  perplexity  or  confusion. 

Fascination.  An  unseen,  but  powerful  influence  over  the  affections 
or  passions. 

Flabberga station.     The  state  of  being  astonished. 

Marvel.  Something  so  out  of  the  ordinary  as  to  seem  nearly  or  quite 
incredible. 

Sensation.  Mental  impression  resulting  from  internal  or  external 
stimulus,  especially  a  powerful  one. 

Stound.  Confusion  of  mind  from  sudden  fear  or  other  passion;  con- 
sternation. 

Stupefaction.     State  of  insensibility;  stolid  state;  dulness. 

Stupor.  Condition  of  the  body  in  which  the  senses  and  faculties  are 
suspended  or  greatly  dulled. 

Surprise,  etc.  The  act  of  coming  upon  unawares,  or  of  taking  sud- 
denly.    See  Expectation-Surprise. 

Wonder.  Surprise  caused  by  something  new,  strange,  or  unexpected, 
which  at  the  time  appears  inexplicable. 

Wonderment.     Surprise ;  astonishment. 

Astonishment — Denotation. 

Note  of  admiration. 

Astonishment — Scientific  Noun. 

Thaumaturgy.     The  art  of  performing  something  wonderful. 
Astonishment — Verbs. 

Admire.     To  look  upon  with  regard  and  delight. 

Amaze.     To  confound  with  terror  or  wonder. 

Astonish.     To  confound  with  surprise ;  affect  the  emotions  strongly. 

Astound.     To  strike  dumb  with  amazement. 

Baffle  description.     To  foil  or  frustrate  all  attempts  at  description. 

Beggar  description.     To  outdo  or  exhaust  description. 

Be  surprised,  etc.  To  be  taken  unaware;  to  be  struck  with  wonder. 
See  Adjectives. 

Bewilder.     To  confuse  or  perplex;  daze. 

Be  wonderful.  To  be  able  to  excite  awe  or  high  admiration.  See 
Adjectives . 

Confound.  To  throw  into  consternation;  perplex  with  terror  or  sur- 
prise. 

Dazzle.     To  excite  admiration  by  any  showy  quality. 

Dumfounder.  i  Tostrikedumb;  confound**  confuse. 
Electrify.     To  excite  suddenly;  surprise  with  some  brilliant  effect. 
Fascinate.     To  influence  the  passions  or  affections  in  an  uncontrol- 
lable manner. 


ASTONISHMENT— EXPECTANCE. 

Expectance.     Act  or  state  of  expecting.     See  Expectation. 

Expectance — Phrase. 
Nine  days'  wonder.     Something  that  excites  public  wonder  for  a  few 


days. 

Expectance — Verbs. 
Expect.     To  look  for;  wait  for.     See  Expectation. 
Make  nothing  of.     To  pay  no  attention  to. 
Nil  admirari  [L.].     To  be  surprised  at  nothing. 
Not  be  surprised.     To  take  things  calmly. 
Not  wonder.     Not  to  be  affected  with  surprise  or  admiration. 

See  Astonishment. 

Expectance — Adjectives. 
Astonished  at  nothing.     Immovable. 

Blasi  t_F.].     Sated  with  pleasure;  used  up.      See  Entertainment- 
Weariness.  „. 
Common.     Often  met  with;  customary. 
Expected,  etc.     Looked  for;  anticipated.     See  Verbs. 
Expecting,  etc.     Looking  forward  to ;  waiting  for.     See  Verbs. 
Foreseen.     Seen  or  known  beforehand. 
Ordinary.     Customary;  usual.     See  Habit. 
Unamazed.     Not  confounded  or  bewildered. 


Expectance- 
No  wonder  1  of  course! 


-Interjections. 


ASTONISHMENT— Verbs— Continued. 

Flabbergast.     To  astonish;  strike  with  wonder. 

Gape.  To  open  the  mouth,  as  indicative  of  wonder,  surprise,  or  tht 
like. 

Gloar.     To  squint;  stare. 

Hold  one's  breath.     To  be  overcome  with  awe. 

Look  blank,  etc.  To  have  a  stupid  bewildered  appearance,  arising 
from  an  unpleasant  announcement .  See  Ex pectatio n-Dis ap- 
pointment. 

Look  aghast.     To  appear  stupefied  with  sudden  fright. 

Make  one's  hair  stand  on  end.     To  strike  with  horror;  *righten. 

Make  one  stare.     To  compel  one  to  gaze  in  wonderment. 

Make  one's  tongue  cleave  to  the  roof  of  one's  mouth.  To  make 
speechless  by  frightening. 

Marvel.     To  wonder  at  or  about. 

Not  be  able  to  account  for,  etc.     To  be  perplexed.     See  Clearness 
Obscurity. 

Not  believe  one's  ears.     ^  XT  .  „.       .        .  ,     f  _ 

w   ,   ,    ,.  ,  f  Not    credit    certain     strange,    wondertul 

Not  believe  ones  eyes.      V       , 

w  .   ,    ,.  ,  i       phenomena. 

Not  believe  ones  senses.  / 

Not  know  whether  one  stands  on  one's  head  or  on  one's  heels.     To  be 

bewildered;  be  confounded. 

Open  one's  eyes.     To  look  in  amazement. 

Open  one's  mouth.     To  gape  out  of  wonder  or  surprise 

Petrify.     To  fix  in  dumb  amazement. 


ASTONISHMENT. 


76 


ASTRONOMY. 


ASTONISHMENT— Verbs— Continued. 


Rub  one's  eyes.     To  be  perplexed  or  confounded. 

Stagger.     To  shock;  overcome,  as  with  surprise. 

Stagger  belief.     To  cause  to  doubt  or  hesitate. 

Stand  aghast.     To  be  struck  with  horror. 

Stand  agog.     To  be  excited  with  expectation. 

Stare.     To  gaze  in  wonder,  surprise,  horror,  etc. 

Start.  To  make  a  sudden  motion  of  the  body,  caused  by  any  sudden 
feeling  or  emotion. 

Startle.     To  excite  by  sudden  alarm  or  surprise. 

Strike.     To  impress  strongly. 

Strike  dumb.     To  greatly  astonish ;  confound. 

Strike  with  awe.     To  impress  with  great  fear,  dread,  or  reverence  for. 

Strike  with  wonder.  To  be  affected  with  surprise  or  slight  astonish- 
ment. 


Stun.     To  render  helpless  from  astonishment. 

Stupefy.     To  dull  the  senses  or  faculties;  deaden. 

Surprise.  To  confuse  by  presenting  something  suddenly  to  the  view 
of  the  mind. 

Take  away  one's  breath.     To  startle;  surprise  suddenly. 

Take  by  surprise.  To  come  upon  unexpectedly.  See  Expecta- 
tion-Surprise. 

Throw  on  one's  beam  ends.     To  greatly  surprise ;  confound. 

Tomber  des  nues  [F.].     To  fall  from  the  clouds;  surprise. 

Turn  the  head.  To  look  for  something  to  which  attention  is  sud- 
denly called. 

Turn  up  one's  eyes.     To  be  greatly  astonished. 

Wonder.     To  be  affected  by  surprise. 


Astonishment — Adjectives. 


Agape.     Having  the  mouth  wide  open,  as  in  wonder  or  expectation. 

Aghast.     Stupefied  with  sudden  fright  or  horror. 

All  agog.     All  eager. 

Awe-struck.     Impressed  01  struck  with  solemn  dread. 

Breathless.     Out  of  breath;  intense  or  eager. 

Inconceivable.      That  cannot  be  imagined ;  incomprehensible. 

Incredible.     Impossible  to  be  believed. 

Indescribable.     That  cannot  be  described. 

Ineffable.     Incapable  of  being  expressed  in  words. 

Inexpressible .     U nspeakable ;  unutterable . 

Inimaginable.      Incapable  of  being  imagined. 

Like  a  duck  in  thunder.     Struck  with  consternation. 

Lost  in  amazement.    ')  a 

Lost  in  astonishment.  >  Extremely  amazed. 

Lost  in  wonder.  J 

Marvelous.      Exciting  wonder  or  some  degree  of  surprise. 

Miraculous.  Manifesting  power  beyond  the  forces  of  nature;  super- 
natural. 

Monstrous.     Out  of  the  common  course  of  nature. 

Moon-struck.     Amazed  or  confounded. 

Mysterious,  etc.  Not  revealed  or  explained.  See  Clearness-Ob- 
scurity. 

Open-mouthed.     Gaping,  as  in  wonder  or  surprise. 


Overwhelming.     Irresistible;  over-powering. 

Passing  strange.     Exceedingly  strange 

Planet-struck.     Confounded. 

Prodigious.     Out  of  or  above  the  ordinary;  excessive. 

Spell-bound.     Arrested  by  a  spell  or  charm. 

Stupendous.     Overcoming  >by  its  vastness;  amazing. 

Strange,  etc.     Causing  surprise;  exciting  curiosity.     See  Conven- 

tionality-Unconventionality. 
Striking,  etc.     Impressive;  surprising.     See  Verbs. 
Surprised,  etc.     Confounded;  confused.     See  Verbs. 
Surprising,  etc.     Of  a  nature  to  excite  wonder  or  astonishment.   See 

Verbs. 
Thunder-struck.     Shocked  by  surprise. 
Unable  to  believe  one's  senses.     Perplexed;  dumfounded. 
Unexpected,  etc.     Coming  without  warning;  taken  by  surprise.     Se* 

Expectation-Surprise. 
Unheard  of.     Unparalleled;  unprecedented. 
Unimaginable.     See  Inimaginable. 
Unspeakable.     Beyond  the  power  of  speech. 
Unutterable.     Too  great  for  verbal  expression ;  inexpressible. 
Wonderful.     Having  qualities  that  excite  wonder  or  admiration. 
Wonder-working.     Accomplishing  wonders. 
Wondrous.     Such  as  may  excite  surprise  and  astonishment. 


Astonishment — Adverbs. 


Fearfully.      In  a  manner  to  impress  fear  or  awe. 

For  a  wonder. 

In  the  name  of  wonder. 

Mirabile  diciu  [L.].     Wonderful  to  tell. 
MirabUe  visu  [L.].     Wonderful  to  be  seen. 


Strange  to  say.     Wonderful  to  relate. 
To  one's  great  surprise.     Very  unexpectedly. 

With  gaping  mouth;  with  open  eyes;  with  upturned  eyes;  with  won- 
der, etc.     See  Nouns.     In  a  surprised  or  astonished  manner. 


Astonishment — Interjections. 


Adzooksl  bless  my  heart!  bless  us!  can  such  things  be!  dear  me  I 
gad  sol  God  bless  me!  good  gracious!  good  heavens!  good  lack! 
goodness  gracious!  gracious  goodness!  halloo!  Heaven  bless  the 
mark!  Heaven  save  the  mark!  Heavens  and  earth  I  hem!  hey 
dayl    hoity-toity!    how  now?    humph!    indeed!    lack-a-daisy!    lo, 


and  behold!  mercy  on  us!  my  goodness!  my  stars!  Oh!  odzookensl 
O  gemini  [L.]!  only  think!  really!  'sdeath!  strong!  surely!  well 
a  day!  what?  what  do  you  say  to  that?  what  in  the  world?  what 
on  earth?  where  am  I?  who  would  have  thought  it?  etc.  (see 
Expectation-Surprise);  you  don't  say  so?  zounds! 


Astonishment — Phrases. 


Nous  verrons  [F.].     We  shall  see. 

One's  hair  standing  on  end.     Fright,  fear,  horror. 


Vox  faucibus  ha-sit  [L.].      The  voice  stuck  in  the  throat;  speech- 
less. 


a-stound'.  To  stun  with  wonder.  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Excitation,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

astra,  sic  itur  ad  [L.]  (as'-tra,  sic  ai'-tur  ad).  Thus 
the  journey  to  the  stars.  Life-Death,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit. 

a-strad'-dle.    Astride.    Suspension-Support. 

As-trae'-a.      Goddess  of  justice.      Right-Wrong. 

as'-tra-gal.  A  molding  in  the  form  of  a  string  of  beads. 
Architecture,  Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

as'-tral.  Starry.  Universe;  astral  influence,  Voli- 
tion-Obligation. 

a-stray'.  Away  from  the  right  path.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Truth-Error;  go  astray,  Aim-Aberration, 
Virtue-Vice. 

as-tric'-tion.  Act  of  binding  close  together.  Union- 
Disunion. 

a-stride'.  With  one  leg  on  each  side.  Suspension- 
Support. 

as-trin'-gen-cy.  Binding  together.  Enlargement- 
Diminution. 


as-trin'-gent.  Having  power  to  contract  or  draw 
together,  as  an  acid.     Enlargement-Diminution. 

as'-tro-labe.  An  instrument  for  obtaining  the  altitudes 
of  stars.     Mensuration. 

as-tror-o-gy.     Star-divination.     Prophecy. 

as-tron'-o-mer.  An  observer  of  the  stars.  Uni* 
verse. 

as-tron'-o-my.  Science  of  the  heavenly  bodies.  As- 
tronomy, Nature-Art,  Universe. 

ASTRONOMY. 

Astronomy.  The  science  that  treats  of  the  heavenly  bodies,  theif 
motions,  magnitudes,  distances,  and  physical  constitutions. 

Astronomy — Associated  Nouns. 

Aerolite.     A  mass  falling  on  the  earth  from  celestial  space.    • 
Albedo.     The  ratio  which  the  light  reflected  from  an  unpolished  sur 

face  bears  to  the  total  light  falling  upon  that  surface. 
Almucantar.     A  small  circle  of  the  celestial  sphere  drawn  parallel  to 

the  horizon. 


ASTRONOMY. 


77 


ASTRONOMY. 


Anomaly.  The  angular  distance  of  a  planet  from  its  perihelion,  as 
seen  from  the  sun;  the  angle  measuring  apparent  irregularities  in 
the  motion  of  a  planet. 

Apex.  That  point  of  the  heavens  towards  which  the  earth  is  moving 
in  its  orbit. 

Aphelion.     The  point  in  an  orbit,  as  of  a  planet,  farthest  from  the  sun. 

Apogee.     That  point  in  the  moon's  orbit  farthest  from  the  earth. 

Apsides.  Points  of  eccentric  orbits  nearest  to  or  farthest  away  from 
the  center  of  attraction. 

Aquarius.     The  eleventh  sign  of  the  zodiac;  the  Water-bearer. 

Ariel.     A  satellite  of  Uranus. 

Aries.  The  first  of  the  twelve  signs  of  the  zodiac,  which  the  sun 
enters  at  the  vernal  equinox.     A  constellation  west  of  Taurus. 

Armillary  sphere.  An  ancient  astronomical  machine  designed  to 
represent  the  positions  of  the  important  circles  of  the  celestial 
sphere. 

Asteroids.  A  group  of  small  planets  between  Mars  and  Jupiter  of 
which  about  340  have  been  discovered. 

Azimuth.  The  arc  of  the  horizon  that  a  vertical  plane  passing 
through  a  heavenly  body  makes  with  the  meridian  of  the  place  of 
observation. 

Binary  star.  A  double  star  whose  members,  iiave  a  revolution  round 
their  common  center  of  gravity. 

Bode's  law.  An  empirical  formula  supposed  to  express  approxi- 
mately the  distances  of  the  planets  from  the  sun  in  terms  of  the 
distance  from  the  sun  of  the  innermost  two. 

Calendar.  A  system  of  fixing  the  order,  length  and  subdivisions  of 
years  and  months  so  as  to  define  the  dates  of  events ;  an  almanac . 

Cancer.  The  fourth  sign  of  the  zodiac  which  the  sun  enters  at  the 
summer  solstice. 

Capricornus.  The  tenth  sign  of  the  zodiac  which  the  sun  enters  at 
the  winter  solstice. 

Celestial  latitude.  Angular  distance  of  a  heavenly  body  from  the 
ecliptic. 

Celestial  longitude.  The  distance  in  degrees,  reckoned  from  the 
vernal  equinox,  on  the  ecliptic,  to  a  circle  at  right  angles  to  the 
ecliptic  passing  through  the  heavenly  body  whose  longitude  is 
designated. 

Chromosphere.  A  layer  of  incandescent  red  gas  surrounding  the 
sun  and  resting  on  its  luminous  envelope. 

Collimation.     The  act  of  adjusting  the  line  of  sight,  as  of  a  telescope. 

Comet.  A  heavenly  body,  consisting  of  a  coma  surrounding  a  star- 
like  nucleus,  with  a  nebulous  train. 

Constellation.  An  arbitrary  assemblage  or  group  of  stars,  or  the 
portion  of  the  heavens  occupied  by  such  a  group. 

Corona.     A  luminous  circle  around  one  of  the  heavenly  bodies. 

Declination.     Angular  distance  from  the  celestial  equator. 

Deimos.     A  satellite  of  Mars. 

Earth.     The  globe  on  which  we  dwell,  considered  as  a  whole. 

Eclipse.  The  obscuration  of  a  heavenly  body  by  its  entering  the 
shadow  of  another  body,  as  when  the  moon  enters  the  shadow  of 
the  earth,  or  by  the  intervention  of  another  heavenly  body. 

Ecliptic.     The  apparent  path  of  the  sun  around  the  celestial  sphere. 

Elongation.     The  angular  distance  of  a  planet  from  the  sun. 

Epicycle.  In  ancient  astronomy,  a  circle  whose  center  was  con- 
ceived to  move  around  the  earth  in  a  larger  circle  called  the  defer- 
ent, while  a  planet  moved  around  its  circumference. 

Faculse.     Groups  of  small  shining  spots  on  the  surface  of  the  sin. 

Galaxy.     The  milky  way. 

Gemination.      Doubling  of  a  star. 

Gibbous  phase.     Phase  of  the  moon  between  half-moon  and  full-moon. 

Helium.  A  chemical  element  first  believed  to  exist  in  the  sun  be- 
cause of  certain  lines  in  the  solar  spectrum,  now  found  existing  on 
the  earth. 

Hour-angle.  The  angle  at  the  pole  between  the  hour-circle  of  a 
given  body  and  the  celestial  meridian. 

Hour-circle.  A  great  circle  of  the  celestial  sphere  which  passes 
through  the  poles. 

Hyperion.     A  satellite  of  Saturn. 

Iapetus.     The  remotest  satellite  of  Saturn. 

Julian  calendar.     The  calendar  adjusted  by  Julius  Caesar,  in  which 
the  year  was  made  to  consist  of  365  days,  each  fourth  year  having 
366  days. 
Jupiter.     Largest  planet  of  the  solar  system 
Leo.      A  northern  constellation  east  of  Cancer;  the  Lion,  the  fifth 

sign  of  the  zodiac. 
Libra.      The  Balance;  the  seventh  sign  of  the  zodiac  which  the  sun 

enters  at  the  autumnal  equinox  in  September. 
Libration.     A  real  or  apparent  libratory  motion,  like  that  of  a  bal- 
ance before  coming  to  rest. 
Limb.     The  border  or  edge  of  the  disk  of  a  heavenly  body,  especially 

of  the  sun  and  moon. 
Mars.     A  planet  conspicuous  for  its  red  light. 
Mercury.     A  planet  that  is  nearest  the  sun. 


Meteorite.     A  mass  of  stone  or  iron  that  has  fallen  upon  the  earth 

from  space . 
Micrometer.      An   instrument   for   measuring   very   small   angles   or 

dimensions. 
Milky  way.      A  luminous  band  encircling  the,  heavens  composed  of 

distant  stars  and  nebulae. 
Moon.     A  celestial  body  that  revolves  around  the  earth  once  in  a 
little  less  than  27  days  8  hours,  and  accompanies  it  in  its  annual 
revolutions  around  the  sun;  a  satellite  of  any  planet. 
Mural  circle.     A  graduated  circle,  in  the  plane  of  the  meridian, 
attached  permanently  to  a  perpendicular  wall;  used  for  measuring 
arcs  of  the  meridian. 
Nebula.     Any  luminous  cloud-like  object  in  the  sky,  as  a  distant  star- 
cluster. 
Neptune.     The  most  remote  planet  of  the  solar  system,  distant  from 

the  sun  about  2,760,000,000  miles. 
Occupation.     The  hiding  of  a  heavenly  body  from  sight  by  the  inter- 
vention of  some  other  of  the  heavenly  bodies. 
Opposition.     Aspect  of  heavenly  bodies  when  1800  apart. 
Orbit.     The  path  in  space  along  which  a  heavenly  body  moves  about 

its  center  of  attraction. 
Orrery.     A    philosophical    apparatus    for    exhibiting    the    relative 

motions  and  positions  of  the  members  of  the  solar  system. 
Parallax.     Such  difference  of  position,  as  of  a  star,  as  would  appear 
if  the  object  were  viewed  from  two  points,  as  from  the  earth's 
center  and  from  a  point  of  observation  on  its  surface. 
Perigee.     Point  in  the  orbit  of  the  moon  nearest  the  earth. 
Perihelion.     Point  in  the  orbit  of  a  planet  nearest  the  sun. 
Perturbation.     A  disturbance  in  the  regular  elliptic  or  other  motion 
of  a  heavenly  body,  produced  by  some  force  additional  to  that 
which  causes  its  regular  motion. 
Phases.     The  appearances  or  forms  presented  periodically  by  the 

moon  and  planets. 
Pisces.     The  twelfth  sign  of  the  zodiac;  a  constellation. 
Planets.     Celestial  bodies  that  revolve  around  the  sun. 
Precession  of  the   equinoxes.     The  slow  backward  motion   of  the 

equinoctial  points  along  the  ecliptic,  at  the  rate  of  50.1"  annually. 
Prime  vertical.     The  vertical  circle  of  the  celestial  sphere,  which  is 

perpendicular  to  the  celestial  meridian.  , 

Principal  constellations.      Orion,  Cassieopea,  Great  Bear,   Pleides. 

Leo,  Southern  Cross. 
Pyrheliometer.     An  instrument  for  measuring  the  direct  heating 

effect  of  the  sun's  rays. 
Right  ascension.     Angle  made  at  the  celestial  pole  between  the  hour 

circle  of  a  given  star  and  the  hour  circle  of  the  vernal  equinox. 
Sagittarius.     The  ninth  of  the  twelve  signs  of  the  zodiac;  a  zodiacal 

constellation. 
Satellite.     A  secondary  planet  which  1  evolves  about  another  planet. 
Saturn.     One  of  the  planets  of  the  solar  system,  next  in  magnitude  to 

Jupiter,  nearly  880,000,000  miles  from  the  sun. 
Scorpion.     A  sign  and  constellation. 

Shooting  stars.  Star-like,  luminous  meteors  that,  appearing  sud- 
denly, dart  quickly  across  some  portion  of  the  sky  and  then  as  sud- 
denly disappear. 
Solar  prominences.  Certain  rose-colored  masses  on  the  limb  of  the 
sun  which  are  seen  to  extend  beyond  the  edge  of  the  moon  at  the 
time  of  a  solar  eclipse. 
Solar  system.     Group  of  celestial  bodies,  including  the  planets,  that 

revolve  round  the  sun. 
Solstice.  The  point  in  the  ecliptic  at  which  the  sun  is  farthest  from 
the  equator,  north  or  south,  namely,  the  first  point  of  the  sign 
Cancer  and  the  first  point  of  the  sign  Capricorn,  the  former  being 
the  summer  solstice,  the  latter  the  winter  solstice  in  northern  lati- 
tudes;— so  called  because  the  sun  apparently  stands  still  in  its 
northward  or  southward  motion. 
Spectroscope.     An  optical  instrument  for  forming  and  analyzing  the 

spectra  of  the  rays  emitted  by  bodies  or  substances. 
Spring  equinox.     Time  when  the  sun  crosses  the  equator  moving 

northward.     The  southward  crossing  is  the  autumnal  equinox. 
Star.     A  celestial  body  so  distant  as  to  appear  like  a  luminous  point: 
in  common  usage  including  the  planets,  but  in  astronomy  limited 
to  the  fixed  stars. 
Sun.     The  luminous  orb  the  light  of  which  constitutes  day,  and  its 

absence  night. 
Syzygy.     The  point  of  an  orbit,  as  of  the  moon,  at  which  it  is  in  con- 
junction or  opposition. 
Taurus.     The  Bull:  the  second  in  order  of  the  twelve  signs  of  the 
zodiac.     A  zodiacal  constellation,  containing  the  clusters  called 
the  Pleiades  and  the  Hyades. 
Telescope.     An  optical  instrument  used  in  viewing  distant  objects. 
Uranus.     One  of  the  primary  planets,  36,000  miles  in  diameter 
Venus.     A  planet  nearly  the  size  of  the  earth,  also  called  morning 
and  evening  star. 


ASTRONOMY. 


78 


ATONEMENT. 


Terminator.     The  dividing  line  between  the  illuminated  and  the  un- 

illuminated  part  of  the  moon. 
Tide.     The  alternate  rising  and  falling  of  the  waters  of  the  ocean,  and 

of  rivers,  bays,  etc.,  connected  therewith. 
Transit.     The  passage  of  a  heavenly  body  over  the  meridian  of  a 

place  or  through  the  field  of  a  telescope ;  the  passage  of  a  smaller 

body  across  the  disk  of  the  larger. 
Uranolite.  A  meteorite  or  aerolite. 
Ursa  Major.     A  conspicuous  constellation  near  the  north  pole.     It 

contains  the  stars  which  form  the  Dipper  or  Charles's  Wain. 
Variable  stars.     Fixed  stars  which  vary  in  their  brightness,  usually  in 

more  or  less  uniform  periods. 
Venus.     One  of  the  planets,  the  second  in  order  from  the  sun,  its 

orbit  lying  between  that  of  Mercury  and  that  of  the  earth. 
Vernal  equinox.     The  point  where  the  sun  crosses  the  equator  going 

northward. 
Vulcan.     A  planet,  supposed  by  Leverrier  to  exist  between  Mercury 

and  the  sun,  to  account  for  certain  unexplained  perturbations  of 

Mercury. 
Winter.     The   season   of  the   year  in  which  the  sun  shines  most 

obliquely  upon  any  region. 
Zenith.     The  point  in  the  celestial  sphere  directly  overhead. 
Zodiac.     An  imaginary  belt  in  the  heavens,  i6°  to  i8°  broad,  in  the 

middle  of  which  is  the  ecliptic,  or  sun's  patn. 

Astronomy — Adjectives, 

Anomalistic.     Pertaining  to  the  anomaly  or  angular  distance  of  a 

planet  from  its  perihelion. 
Circumpolar.     About  the  pole. 
Geocentric.     Relating  to  the  earth  as  a  center. 
Orbital.     Belonging  or  pertaining  to  an  orbit- 
Planetary.     Pertaining  to  the  planets. 
Sidereal.     Measured  by  the  apparent  motion  of  the  stars. 
Solar.     Pertaining  to  the  sun. 
Telescopic.     Pertaining  to  a  telescope;  small. 
Tidal.     Pertaining  to  tides. 
Zodiacal.      Pertaining  to  the  zodiac . 

as-tute'.  Shrewd.  Craft-Artlessness,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 

a-sun'-der.  Apart.  Remoteness-Nearness,  Union- 
Disunion;  asunder  as  poles,  Laterality-Contra- 
position. 

a-sy'-lum.  A  place  of  refuge.  Attack-Defense, 
Refuge-Pitfall. 

as'-ym-ptote.  A  line  tangent  to  a  curve  at  infinity. 
Concentration-Radiation. 

as"-ym-ptot'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  an  asymptote.  Con- 
centration-Radiation. 

at.         In   the   place;   near;  in  pursuit   of.  At    one, 

Atonement,  Divinity.  Recompense  -  Punition; 
be  at,  Purpose-Luck;  up  and  at  them,  Attack-De- 
fense. 

at'-a-ghan.     A  weapon  of  war.     Weapon. 

a"-te-lier\  A  workshop;  a  studio.  Painting,  Work- 
shop. 

ath"-a-na'-si-a.      Immortality.      Eiernity-Instanta- 

NEITY. 

Ath"-a-na'-sian  Creed.  A  creed  of  the  Early  Church, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

ath'-a-nor.  An  alchemist's  furnace.  Oven-Refriger- 
ator. 

a'-the-ism.  Denial  of  the  existence  of  God.  Godli- 
ness-Disbelief, Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

&.'-the-ist.  A  holder  of  atheism.  Godliness-Dis- 
belief. 

a"-the-is'-tic-al.  Relating  to  atheism.  Godliness- 
Disbelief. 

ath'-el-ing.     A  young  noble.     Gentility-Democracy. 

A-the'-ni-an.  Marked  by  culture.  Purity-Crude- 
ness. 

a-thirst'.     Thirsty.     Desire-Distaste. 

ath'-lete.  One  trained  in  physical  exercise.  Bellig- 
erent, Strength-Weakness. 

ath-let'-ic.  Strong;  pertaining  to  sports.  Strength- 
Weakness;  athletic  sports,  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Strife-Peace. 


ath-let'-i-cism.  State  of  being  athletic.  Strength- 
Weakness. 

ath-let'-ics.  Athletic  exercises  collectively.  Strength- 
Weakness. 

a-thwart'.  Across  the  course  of;  against.  Antago- 
nism-Concurrence, Crossing,  Parallelism-Incli- 
nation. 

At"-lan-te'-an.  Pertaining  to  Atlas.  Strength- 
Weakness. 

at-lan'-tes.  Male  human  figures  used  as  columns. 
Architecture. 

At-lan'-tis.     A  mythical  island.     Fancy. 

At'-las.  A  mythological  giant;  a  volume  of  maps. 
Delineation-Caricature,  Strength-Weakness, 
Suspension-Support. 

at'-mos-phere.  The  air.  Chemistry,  Environment- 
Interposition,  Water-Air. 

at"-mos-pher'-ic.  Pertaining  to  the  air  or  like  the  air. 
Blueness-Orange;  atmospheric  blue,  Blueness- 
Orange. 

a-toU'.     A  ring-shaped  coral  island.     Swamp-Island. 

at'-om.  A  small  particle.  Chemistry,  Extension- 
Inextension,  Greatness-Littleness,  Magnitude- 
Smaulness. 

a-tom'-ic.  Relating  to  atoms.  Greatness-Little- 
ness. 

at'-oms.  Small  particles.  Crush  to  atoms,  Creation- 
Destruction. 

at-one'-ment.  Satisfaction  for  wrong.  Atonement, 
Divinity,  Recompense-Punition,  Taking-Resti- 
tution. 

ATONEMENT. 

Amends.     A  satisfaction  for  crimes,  a  compensation. 

Amende  honorable  [F.j.     A  full  apology. 

Apology.     An  excuse  for  an  act,  a  justification. 

Atonement.     Something  done  by  way  of  reparation  tor  sin  or  an 

injury. 
Burnt  offering.     An  offering  burnt  on  an  altar  as  an  expiation  for  sin. 
Compensation.     Payment  for  something.     See  Compensation. 
Composition.     A  settlement  of  a  debt,  etc. 

Compromise.     An  arrangement  by  which  a  debt,  etc.,  is  settled. 
Conciliation.     Act  of  gaining  over,  of  winning. 
Expiation.     Act  of  making  satisfaction  by  suffering. 
Fasting.     Abstinence  from  meat  on  religious  grounds. 
Flagellation.     Whipping  of  oneself  in  expiation  of  sins  or  injuries 

wrought. 
Lustration.     The  act  of  purifying. 
Maceration.     A  making  lean  by  fasting. 
Peace  offering.     Same  as  burnt  offering. 
Penance.     Voluntary  pain  as  an  act  of  atonement. 
Propitiation.     Act  of  conciliating  or  appeasing. 
Purgation.     Act  of  cleansing,  of  vindicating. 
Quittance.     Release  from  a  debt  or  obligation. 
Quits.     Discharge  from  an  obligation. 

Reclamation.     Restoration  to  former  state  or  better  condition. 
Redemption.     Act  of  delivering. 
Reparation.     The  making  amends;  reimbursement. 
Sackcloth  and  ashes.     A  Jewish  custom  of  expressing  sorrow  for  sin; 

a  self-abasement. 
Sacrifice.     The  act  of  offering  to  the  Deity  as  an  atonement. 
Shrift.     Confession  and  absolution. 
Satisfaction.     The  act  of  making  amends  or  atonement. 
Sin  offering.     An  offering  as  atonement  for  sin. 
White  sheet.     See  Verbs. 

Atonement — Associated  Nouns. 

Purgatory.     A  place  where  sinful  souls  are  absolved  from  their  sins 

by  suffering. 
Scapegoat.     A  person  who  bears  the  blame  for  others. 

Atonement — Verbs. 

Absolve.     To  free  from  the  penalty  of  sin. 

Apologize.     To  ask  pardon  for;  to  make  verbal  amends. 

Atone.         I  ,p    make  amends,  or  make  reparation. 
Atone  for.) 

Beg  pardon.     To  request  earnestly  a  pardon. 
Come  down  on  one's  knees.     To  bend  in  respect. 
Do  penance.     To  undergo  suffering  on  account  of  sin. 


ATONEMENT. 


79 


ATTACK— DEFENSE. 


Expiate.     To  atone  for  by  suffering 

Fail  down  on  one's  knees. 

Fall  down  on  one's  marrow  bones. 

Faire  I' amende  honorable  [F.].     To  make  full  satisfaction. 

Give  satisfaction. 

Make  amends.     Make  satisfaction. 

Make  good.     To  indemnify. 

Make  matters  up.     To  be  reconciled. 

Pay  the  penalty .  I  To  pay  a  fine  or  Penalty  f or  an  offense- 

Propitiate.     To  conciliate,  to  win  over. 

Purge.     To  cleanse. 

Ransom.     To  redeem  by  payment  of  money. 

Reclaim.     To  make  better  or  put  back  in  former  state. 

Redeem.     To  recover,  to  deliver  as  from  sin. 

Repair.     To  make  amends,  to  restore. 

Repent  in  sackcloth  and  ashes.     To  repent  earnestly. 

Set  one's  house  in  order.     Make  preparation  for  the  future. 

Shrive.     To  receive  absolution  from  a  priest. 

Stand  in  a  white  sheet.     To  indicate  repentance. 

Atonement — Adjectives. 
Absorbable .     Capable  of  being  freed  from  the  penalty  of  guilt. 
Expiatory.      Having  character  of  an  expiation 
Piacular.     Atoning. 
Piaculous.     See  Piacular. 
Propitiatory.     Pertaining  to  propitiation. 
Sacrificial.     Of  a  sacrifice,  pertaining  to  a  sacrifice. 
Sacrificiatory.     Offering  sacrifice. 


Atonement — Phrase. 
Crux,  fidei  coticula  [L.].     The  cross  is  the  touchstone  of  faith. 

at'-o-ny.  Want  of  tone;  want  of  power.  Strength- 
Weakness. 

at"-ra-bU'-ious.  Melancholy.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection. 

at"-ra-men'-tous.  Of  the  nature  of  ink.  Whiteness- 
Blackness. 

a'-tri-um.     A  court  or  hall.     Dweller-Habitation. 

a-tro'-cious.     Extremely  heinous.     Virtue-Vice. 

a-troc'-i-ty.  Cruelty;  wickedness.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Innocence-Guilt,  Virtue-Vice. 

at'-ro-phy.  To  cause  to  waste  away.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Biology,  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion, Health-Sickness. 

at-tach'.  To  connect;  to  hold  for  court.  Litigation, 
Love-Hate,  Union-Disunion;  attach  importance  to, 
Consequence-Insignificance. 

at"-ta-che'.  One  attached  to  the  suite  of  another;  a 
diplomatic  officer.     Chief-Underling,  Consignee. 

at-tached'.     Added.     Love-Hate. 

at-tach'-ment.     Adherence.     Union-Disunion. 

at-tack'.  To  make  an  onset  against;  to  affect.  At- 
tack-Defense, Health-Sickness. 


ATTACK— DEFENSE. 


Aggression.     The  first  act  of  injury,  or  first  act  leading  to  a  war. 
Aggressor.     One  who  begins  a  quarrel  or  hostility. 
Assailant.     One  who  injures  or  makes  an  attack  upon  another. 
Assault.     A  violent  attempt  with  force  or  violence  to  do  hurt  to 

another. 
Assault  and  battery.     The  crime  of  violently  attacking  and  beating  a 

man. 
Attack.     The  act  of  falling  upon  with  force  or  violence. 
Balistaria.     An  ancient  weapon. 
Base  of  operations.     A  point  for  which  supplies  are  drawn  for  an 

attacking  army. 
Battue  [P.].     Killing    of   game  driven  to   the  sportsman;   wanton 

slaughter. 
Billy.     A  policeman's  club.  .  ■ 

Boarding.     The  act  of  entering  a  ship  by  force  in  combat. 
Bombardment.     An  attack  upon  a  fortified  place  with  shot  or  shells. 
Broadside.     A  discharge  of  all  the  guns  on  one  side  of  a  ship  at  the 

same  time. 
Camisade  [P.].     A  night  attack. 

Cannonade.     An  attack  with  large  guns,  lasting  some  time. 
Carte  and  tierce.     Positions  in  fencing. 
Charge.     The  act  of  rushing  suddenly  upon  an  enemy. 
Coup  de  bee  [P.].     A  quick,  sharp  blow,  as  with  a  beak. 
Coup  de  main  [P.],     A  sudden  and  unexpected  movement  or  attack 
Cross  fire.     Lines  of  fire  from  two  or  more  points  crossing  each  other. 
Cut.     A  wound  made  with  a  weapon  like  a  sword. 
Dead  set  at.     A  determined  and  continuing  attack. 
Devastation.     A  laying  waste. 

Dragonnade  [F.].     A  rapid  and  devastating  incursion. 
Eboulement  [P.].     Crumbling  of  a  fortress  wall. 
Echelon.     Arrangement  of  troops  in  a  step-like  formation. 
Escalade.     An  attack  upon  a  fortified  place,  in  which  ladders  are 

used  to  pass  a  ditch  or  mount  a  rampart. 
Estrapade  [P.].     The  action  of  a  horse,  when,  to  get  rid  of  his  rider, 

he  rears,  p  unges,  and  kicks  furiously. 
Feu  d'enfer  [F.].     A  hellish  fire. 

File  fire.     The  firing  of  each  file  independently  of  others. 
Fire.     Discharge  of  firearms. 

Foray.     A  sudden  or  irregular  incursion  in  border  warfare. 
Fusillade   [F.].      A  simultaneous  discharge  of  firearms. 
Home  thrust.     A  well  directed  or  effective  thrust. 
Incursion.      A  hostile  entrance  into  a  territory. 

Inroad.     The  entrance  of  an  enemy  into  a  country  with  a  hostile  pur- 
pose. 
Invader.     One  who  enters  with  a  view  to  conquest  or  plunder. 
Invasion.     A  warlike  entrance  into  the  domains  of  another. 
Investment.     The  act  of  surrounding  or  blocking  up  a  town  by  an 

armed  force. 
Irruption.     A  sudden  violent  rushing  into  a  place. 
Jacquerie   [P.].     A  revolt  of  peasants;  so  called  from  the  revolt  of 

French  peasants  against  the  nobles  in  1358. 
Kick.     A  blow  with  the  foot. 


Coverture.     Concealment. 

Defense.     Protection  from  violence  or  danger. 

Guard.     Security  against  injury  or  attack. 

Guardianship.     The  office  of  guardian ;  protection;  care 

Preservation.     The  act  of  keeping  from  destruction  or  injury.     S*a 

Conservation. 
Propugnation.     The  act  of  contending  or  fighting  for. 
Protection.     The  act  of  shielding  from  loss,  injury,  or  annoyance. 
Rain  proof.     Protected  from  rain. 

Resistance.     Exertion  of  force  against  force.     See  sub  Resistance.* 
Self-defense.     The  act  of  protecting  one's  own  person,  property,  o* 

reputation.. 
Self-preservation.     Defense  of  oneself  from  destruction  cr  injury. 
Shielding.     To  cover  from  danger.     See  Verbs. 
"Ward.     State  of  being  under  guardianship. 

Defense — Means  of  Defense. 

Abatis.    "J  A  means  of  defense  formed  by  felled  trees,  the  ends  of 
Abattis.   >■     whose  branches  are  sharpened  and  directed  toward  the 
Abbatis.  )      enemy. 
Abutment.     A  part  of  a  wall  or  fortification  which  projects  beyond 

any  other  part. 
Advanced  work.    A  fortification  built  beyond  the  usual  military  lines, 
.flsgis.     The  shield  of  Minerva;  a  shield  or  protective  armor. 
Apron.     An  article  of  dress  to  keep  the  clothes  clean,  to  defend  them 

from  injury. 
Armor.     A  covering  worn  to  protect  one's  person  in  battle. 
Asylum.     A  place  of  refuge  and  protection. 
Bank.     A  ridge  or  mound-like  formation  used  as  a  fortification. 
Banquette  [F.j.     A  raised  way  running  along  the  inside  of  a  parapet, 

on  which  soldiers  stand  when  firing. 

arpacan.    ^  tower  or  advanced  work  defending  a  castle  or  a  city. 

Barbican.  ) 

Barracoon.     An  enclosure  where  slaves  or  prisoners  are  quartered. 

Barricade.  A  hasty  fortification  made  of  anything  that  will  obstruct 
the  enemy.  • 

Barrier.     A  wooden  work  or  stockade,  made  in  a  narrow  way. 

Bastion.  A  work  projecting  from  the  main  enclosure  of  a  fortifica- 
tion. 

Battlement.  The  solid  upright  part  of  a  parapet  in  ancient  fortifica- 
tions. 

Bearskin.     A  cap  made  of  bearskin,  especially  worn  by  soldiers. 

Boom.  A  chain  cable,  or  line  of  spars,  extended  across  a  river  to 
obstruct  navigation. 

Breastplate.    A  plate  of  metal  covering  the  breast,  as  defensive  armor. 

Breastwork.  A  defensive  work  of  moderate  height,  hastily  thrown 
up. 

Buckler.     A  shield  worn  on  one  arm. 

Buffer.  A  pad  or  cushion  at  the  end  of  a  fender  which  receives  th* 
blow. 

Bulwark.     Any  means  of  defense  or  protection. 

Buttress.     A  structure  built  against  a  wall  to  strengthen  it. 


ATTACK. 


80 


ATTACK— DEFENSE. 


ATTACK—  DEFENSE— Continued, 


Lunge.     A  sudden  thrust  or  pass,  as  with  a  sword. 

Obsession.     The  act  of  besieging. 

Offense.     An  assault  or  attack. 

Onset.     A  rushing  or  setting  upon. 

Onslaught.     A  furious  or  murderous  attack. 

Outbreak.     A  rising  in  arms. 

Pass.     A  movement  in  fencing. 

Passado   [Sp.].     A  thrust,  as  with  a  sword. 

Platoon  fire.  Discharge  of  the  arms  of  half  a  company  of  soldiers,  at 
the  same  time. 

Point  of  attack.  The  place  against  which  the  strength  of  an  attack- 
ing force  is  directed. 

Punch.     A  blow  with  the  fist. 

Raid.     A  sudden  or  rapid  invasion  by  a  cavalry  force. 

Raking  fire.  Scouring  with  shot  or  shell  in  the  direction  of  the 
length. 

Razzia  [P.].     A  plundering  and  destructive  incursion. 

Ruade  [F.].     A  kick. 

i^ar51-}  An  attack. 

Sally.  A  rush  of  troops  from  a  besieged  place  to  attack  the  be- 
siegers. 

Sharp  shooting.     A  shooting  with  great  precision  and  effect. 

Siege.  The  sitting  of  an  army  around  a  fortified  place  to  compel  the 
garrison  to  surrender. 

Sortie  [F.].  The  sudden  issuing  of  troops  from  a  besieged  place  to 
attack  the  besiegers. 

Storm.        J  An  attempt  to  take  a  fortified  place  by  scaling  the  walls. 

Storming.  I      forcing  the  gates,  etc. 

Thrust.     A  stab,  or  sword  wound. 

Volley.     The  simultaneous  discharge  of  a  number  of  small  arms 

Volley  of  grape.      Discharge  of  cannon  shot. 

Attack — Verbs. 

Assail.     To  attack  with  violence  or  in  a  hostile  manner. 
Assault.     To  make  an  attack  upon  by  a  sudden  rush  of  armed  men. 
Attack.     To  fall  upon  with  force. 
Bait.     To  provoke  or  worry. 
Bayonet.     To  stab. 

Beleaguer.     To  surround  with  an  army  so  as  to  cut  off  escape. 
Beset.     To  attack  on  all  sides. 
Besiege.     To  surround  with  armed  forces. 
Board.     To  enter  a  ship  by  force  in  battle. 
Bombard.     To  attack  with  heavy  artillery. 
Butt.     To  strike  against  with  the  head. 
Charge.     To  rush  upon. 
Harry.     To  strip  or  lay  waste. 
Impugn.     To  attack  by  words  or  arguments. 
Invade.     To  enter  with  a  view  to  conquest  or  plunder. 
Invest.     To  hem  in  with  troops. 
Kick.     To  strike  a  blow  with  the  foot. 
Lapidate.     To  stone. 

Mine.     To  dig  a  passage  under  anything  to  overthrew  it  by  ex- 
plosives. 
Pelt.     To  throw  missiles. 
Pepper.     To  shower  shot  or  blows  upon. 
Sap.     To  advance  by  secretly  undermining. 
Shell.     To  bombard. 
Stone.     To  beat  or  kill  with  stones. 
Storm.      To  attack  by  scaling  walls,  ramparts,  etc. 
Strike.      To  hit  with  some  force.     See  Impetus. 
Whip.     To  defeat  in  battle;  see  sub  Punish. 

Attack — Verbal  Expressions. 

Adrance  against;  aim  a  blow  at;  assume  the  offensive;  attack  tooth 
and  nail;  bear  down  upon;  become  the  aggressor;  be  down  upon; 
be  hard  upon;  be  the  aggressor;  break  a  lance  with;  bring  to  bay; 
close  with;  come  on;  come  to  close  quarters;  cut  and  thrust;  dash 
at;  deal  a  blow  at;  draw  the  sword;  drive  one  hard;  enter  the 
lists;  fall  foul  of;  fall  upon;  fetch  one  a  blow;  fetch  one  a  kick; 
fire  a  red-hot  shot;  fire  a  shot  at;  fire  at;  fire  upon;  fire  a  volley; 
fly  at;  give  one  a  blow;  give  one  a  kick;  have  a  cut  at;  have  a 
fling  at;  have  a  shot  at;  have  a  shy  at;  have  at;  hurl  against; 
hurl  at;  hurl  at  the  head  of;  launch  out  against;  lay  about  one; 
lay  siege  to;  let  fly  at;  let  off  a  gun  at;  let  out  at;  level  at;  lift  a 
hand  against;  make  a  dash  at;  make  a  pass  at;  make  a  rush  at; 
make  a  set  at;  make  a  thrust  at;  march  against;  inarch  upon; 
open  fire;  open  the  trenches;  pitch  into;  plant  a  battery;  poke  at; 
pop  at;  pounce  upon;  pour  a  broadside  into;  press  one  hard ;  ride 
full  tilt  against;  run  amuck;  run  at;  run  a  tilt  at;  run  down; 
scale  the  walls;   set  upon;  shoot  at;   show  fight;  slap  in  the  face; 


DEFENSE — Means  of  Defense — Continuea. 

Capitol.     A  government  house. 

Carapace.     The  thick  shell  which  covers  the  back  of  the  turt>,  etc. 

Casemate.     A  bomb-proof  enclosure. 

Casque.     A  piece  of  armor  for  the  head  and  neck. 

Castle.     A  fortified  residence. 

Cavin.     A  natural  hollow  forming  a  means  of  defense. 

Chevaux  de  jrise  [F.J.  A  piece  of  timber  covered  with  iron-pointed 
spikes  or  spears,  used  to  impede  the  advance  of  cavalry. 

Cir  cum  valla  tion.  A  line  of  field  works  around  a  besieged  place  cr 
the  besieging  army,  to  protect  the  besiegers  from  an  attack  with- 
out, or  complete  the  blockade. 

Citadel.     A  fortress  commanding  a  city  and  its  fortifications. 

Coat  of  mail.     A  defensive  garment  of  chain  mail. 

Contravallation .  Field  works  built  by  besiegers  to  secure  them  selves 
and  check  sallies  of  the  enemy. 

Corner  stone.  A  stone  which  lies  at  the  corner  of  two  walls  and 
unites  them. 

Counterscarp.     The  exterior  wall  or  slope  of  a  ditch. 

Csako  [Hung.].     A  military  cap. 

Cuirass.  A  piece  of  defensive  armor  covering  the  body  from  the 
neck  to  the  girdle. 

Curtain.  That  part  of  a  fortification  which  is  between  two  bastions 
or  two  gates. 

Dead  wall.     A  wall  unbroken  by  windows  or  other  openings. 

Dike.     An  embankment  for  protection  against  overflowing  water. 

Ditch.     A  trench  to  prevent  approach  to  a  town  or  fortress. 

Donjon.     The  chief  tower  of  ancient  fortifications. 

Dyke.     See  Dike. 

Earthwork.     Any  construction  of  earth  for  attack  or  defense. 

Embankment.  A  structure  of  earth  to  prevent  water  from  over- 
flowing. 

Escarp.     The  side  of  a  ditch  next  the  parapet. 

Fastness.     A  secure  retreat. 

Fence.     An  enclosing  structure  intended  to  prevent  intrusion. 

Fender.     Any  shield  or  screen  which  protects,  as  from  fire,  shock,  etc. 

Field  work.  A  temporary  fortification  thrown  up  by  an  army  in  the 
field. 

Fort.     A  strong  or  fortified  place. 

_        .         j  A  small  fortification  or  outwork. 

Fortification.     A  work  built  to  defend  a  place  against  attack. 

Fortress.     A  large  and  permanent  fortification. 

Fosse.     A  ditch  or  moat. 

Gauntlet.     A  glove  to  defend  the  hand  from  wounds. 

Glacis.     That  slope  of  way  which  inclines  from  the  covered  way  t« 

the  open  country. 
Habergeon.     A  short  coat  of  mail. 

Haha.     A  fence,  wall,  or  ditch  not  visible  until  one  is  close  upon  it. 
Hauberk.     A  long  coat  of  mail. 
Helmet.     A  defensive  covering  for  the  head. 
Hold.     A  fortified  place. 
Horn  work.     An  outwork  composed  of  two  half  bastions  joined  by  a 

curtain  and  wings. 
Intrenchment.     Any  defensive  work  consisting  of  at  least  a  trench  or 

ditch  and  a  parapet. 
Keep.     The  strongest  part  of  a  castle  or  fortification. 
Lines.     Dispositions  made  to  cover  extended  positions,  and  present- 
ing a  front  in  but  one  direction  to  an  enemy. 
Loophole.     An  opening  in  walls  or  ship  sides  through  which  small 

arms  may  be  discharged. 
Lorication.     A  covering  of  scales  or  plates. 
Machicolation.     An  opening  in  the  floor  for  shooting  or  dropping 

missiles  upon  an  enemy. 
Mail.     A  flexible  fabric  made  of  metal  rings,  used  for  defensive  armor. 
Mantelet.     A  shield. 

Mantlet.     A  musket-proof  shield  of  rope,  wood,  or  metal. 
Martello  tower.     A  stone  building  usually  erected  on  the  seacoast, 

with  a  gun  on  the  summit,  to  be  fired  in  any  direction. 
Mask.     A  screen  for  a  battery. 
Moat.     A  deep  trench  around  a  fortified  place,  sometimes  filled  with 

water. 
Mole.     A  wall  to  protect  a  harbor  from  the  violence  of  the  waves. 
Mound.     An  artificial  hill  or  elevation  of  earth  used  as  a  fortification. 
Muniment.     A  place  or  means  of  defense. 

Munition.     Whatever  materials  are  used  in  war  for  offense  or  defense 
Out  work.     A  minor  defense  constructed  beyond  the  main  body  of  a 

work. 
Pah.     A  kind  of  stockaded  intrenchment. 

Paling.     A  fence  formed  with  pales  or  pickets.     See  Enclosure. 
Palisade.     A  fence  made  of  sharp  stakes. 
Panoply.     A  full  set  of  armor. 


ATTACK. 


81 


ATTEMPT. 


ATTACK—  DEFENSE— Continued. 


ATTACK — Verbal  Expressions — Continued. 
spring  a  mine;  strike  at;  strike  at  the  root  of;  strike  home;  strike 
the  first  blow ;  take  the  offensive ;  take  up  the  cudgels ;  throw  a  stone ; 
throw  stones  at;  throw  the  first  stone ;  thrust  at;  tilt  at. 

Att  ac  k — A  djectives . 
Aggressive.     Disposed  to  attack  unjustly. 
Attacking,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Obsidional.     Pertaining  to  a  siege. 
Offensive.     Making  the  first  attack. 
Up  in  arms.     In  a  state  of  hostility. 

Attack — Adverbial  Phrase. 
On  the  offensive.     Tending  to  make  the  first  attack. 

Attack — Interjection. 
MUp  and  at  them!" 


Garde  royale  [F.J. 


Attack- 
Rqyal  guard. 


-Phrase. 


DEFENSE — Verbs — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Propugn.     To  contend  in  another's  behalf. 
Repel.     To  resist  or  oppose  effectually. 
Screen.     To  protect  by  hiding. 
Shield.     To  cover  from  danger. 
Shroud.     To  protect  completely. 

Defense — Verbal  Expressions. 
Act  on  the  defensive;  bear  harmless;  bear  the  brunt;  beat  off;  fall 
back  upon;  fence  around  (see  Circumscription);  give  a  warm 
reception  to;  guard  against;  hold  at  bay;  hold  one's  own;  keep  at 
arm's  length;  keep  at  bay;  keep  off ;  maintain  one's  ground;  put 
to  flight;  show  fight;  stand  by;  stand  in  the  gap;  stand  one's 
ground;  stand  on  the  defensive;  stand  the  brunt;  take  care  of  (see 
Carefulness);  ward  off. 

Defense — Adjectives. 

Armed.     Furnished  with  weapons. 

A'med  at  all  points.     Completely  armed. 

Armed  cap-a-pie.     Armed  from  head  to  foot. 

Ball  proof.     Invulnerable  by  balls. 

Casemated.     Furnished  with  a  bomb-proof  covering. 

Castellated.     Built  in  the  style  of  a  castle. 

Defended*  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Defending,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Defensive.     Serving  to  protect  or  defend. 

Iron-clad.     Protected  or  covered  with  iron. 

Iron-plated.     Covered  with  iron. 

Loopholed.     Provided  with  loopholes. 

Ma  chi  co  la  ted.     Having   holes    through    the    floor    for    dtsdynvinu 

weapons. 
Mural.     Resembling  a  wall. 
Panoplied.     Dressed  in  complete  armor. 
Proof  against.     Able  to  resist. 
To  the  teeth.     In  open  opposition. 

Defense — Adverbs. 
At  bay.     Obliged  to  face  an  enemy,  when  escape  has  become  impos- 
sible. 
Defensively.     Resisting  attack. 
In  defense.     In  behalf  of. 

On  the  defence. }  *^™-  *■  opposition  to  attacking. 

Pro  oris  et  focis  [L.].     For  our  altars  and  firesides. 


No  su*render! 


Defense — Interjection. 


Defense — Phrases. 


Defence,  not  defiance. 

Dieu  defend  l^  droit  [F.].     God  defend  the  right. 

Fidei  defensor   [L.].     Defender  of  the  faith. 

at-tack'-ing .     Assailing.     Attack-Defense. 

at'-ta-ghan.    A  Turkish  sword.    Weapon. 

at-tain'.  Arrive  at;  to  gain.  Arrival-Departure, 
Success-Failure;  attain  majority,  Manhood. 

at-tain'-a-ble.  Practicable.  Possibility-Impossi- 
bility. 

at-tain'-der.  The  extinction  of  all  civil  rights  for  a 
capital  offense.     Faultlessness-Faultiness. 


DEFENSE — Means  of  Defense — Continuea. 
Parapet.     A  wall  or  elevation  of  earth  for  covering  soldiers  from  an 

enemy's  fire. 
Peel  house.     A  small  tower,  fort,  or  castle. 
Pickel-haube  [Ger.].     A  headpiece  or  helmet. 
Rampart.     A  broad  embankment  of  earth,  upon  which  a  parapet  is 

raised. 
Rath.     A  hill  or  mound 
Ravelin.     A  detached  fortification  with  two   embankments  which 

make  a  salient  angle. 
Redan.     A  work  having  two  parapets  whose  faces  unite  so  as  to  form 

a  salient  angle  toward  the  enemy. 
Redoubt.     A  small,  roughly  constructed  fort,  used  in  fortifying  tops 

of  hills  and  passes. 
Safeguard.     A  convoy  or  guard  to  protect  a  traveler  or  property. 

See  sub  Safety. 
Sally  port.     An  underground  passage  connecting  the  inner  and  outer 

works  of  a  fortification. 
Scarp.     The  slope  of  a  ditch  nearest  the  parapet 
Sconce.     A  fortification  or  work  of  defense. 
Screen.     Anything  that  protects  from  danger  or  injury. 
Shako.     A  military  cap. 

Shield.     A  broad  piece  of  defensive  armor  carried  on  the  arm . 
Shore.     A  prop  placed  as  a  brace  or  support  against  the  side  of  a 

building  or  other  structure.     See  sub  Support. 
Stoccado  [It.].     A  stockade. 
Stockade.     A  line  of  stout  timbers  with  loopholes,  to  form  a  defensive 

fortification. 
Stronghold.     A  place  of  security. 

Sunk  fence.     A  ditch  or  fence  sunk  in  the  ground  to  impede  the  ad- 
vance of  troops. 
Thimble.     A  cover  for  the  end  of  the  finger  for  protection  in  sewing. 
Tower.     A  projection  from  a  line  of  wall,  and  higher  than  the  rest  of 

the  wall. 
Tower  of  strength.     A  stronghold  or  fortification. 
Truncheon.     A  military  staff  of  command.     See  Weapon. 
Vallum  [L.].     A  wall. 
Vambrace.     Armor  for  the  forearm. 
Vanfoss.     A  ditch  around  part  of  a  fort. 

Vinea.     A  shed  used  by  the  Romans  to  defend  them  in  besieging. 
Wall.     A  work  for  defense. 
Wooden  walls.     The  old  ships  of  war. 

Defense — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Body  guard.     A  guard  to  protect  or  defend  the  person. 

Champion.  One  who  contended  in  single  combat  in  behalf  of  an- 
other's rights  and  honor.  < 

Defender.     One  who  shields  or  protects  from  danger  or  injury . 

Garrison.     A  body  of  troops  stationed  in  a  fort  or  fortified  town. 

Guardian.  One  to  whom  any  person  or  thing  is  committed  for  pro- 
tection or  preservation.    See  Security. 

Knight-errant.  A  knight  vrho  traveled  in  search  of  adventures,  and 
defended  the  weak  and  helpless. 

Paladin.     A  distinguished  knight. 

Picket.  A  detached  body  of  troops  serving  to  guard  an  army  against 
surprise. 

Piquet.     See  Picket. 

Propugner.     A  defender. 

Protector.     One  who  defends  or  shields  from  injury  or  oppression. 
Defense — Verbs. 

Defend.     To  repel  danger  or  harm  from, 

Engarrison.     To  protect  by  a  garrison. 

Fence.     To  guard  oneself  against  attack. 

Fend.     To  act  on  the  defensive,  or  in  opposition. 

Forfend.     To  prevent  the  approach  of. 

Guard.     To  secure  against  surprise,  attack,  or  injury.    See  Security. 

Hinder.     To  oppose  obstacles  or  impediments.     See  Obstruction. 

Hold.     To  retain  possession  of,  or  authority  over. 

Intrench.     To  surround  with  fortifications. 

Parry.     To  turn  a  blow  aside. 

(Continued  on  Column  1.) 

at-tain'-ment.  Accomplishment.  Education-Learn- 
ing, Knowledge-Ignorance,  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness. 

at'-tar.     Oil  of  roses.     Perfume-Stench. 

at-tem'-per.  To  soothe;  to  moderate  by  mixture. 
Mixture-Homogeneity,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

at-tem'-pered.     Made  less  harsh.     Affections. 

at-tempt'.     A  trial  or  effort.     Venture;  attempt  im- 


ATTEMPT. 


82 


ATTRIBUTION. 


possibilities,     Possibility-Impossibility;    vain    at- 
tempt, Success-Failure. 

at-tend'.  To  be  with;  to  take  care  of;  to  give  heed;  to 
serve.  Chief-Underling,  Heed-Disregard,  Lead- 
ing-Following, Obstruction-Help,  Presence- 
Absence. 

at-tend'-ance.  A  retinue,  act  of  attending.  Pres- 
ence-Absence. 

at-tend'-ance.  A  waiting  upon.  Dance  attendance  on, 
Leading  -  Following,  Politeness  -  Impoliteness, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

at-tend'-ant.  A  follower.  Chief-Underling,  Lead- 
ing-Following, Solitude-Company. 

at-ten'-tion.  Direction  of  mental  powers  to  any  spe- 
cific object.  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Heed- 
Disregard,  Regard-Disrespect;  attract  attention, 
Pomp;  call  attention  to,  Sign;  call  to  attention,  Heed- 
Disregard;  pay  attentions  to,  Politeness-Impo- 
liteness; pay  one's  attentions  to,  Blandishment. 

at-ten'-tive.     Observant.     Heed-Disregard. 

at-ten'-u-ate.  Made  thin  or  slender.  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Friability,  Increase-Decrease. 

at-ten'-u-a"-ted.  Made  narrow.  Breadth-Narrow- 
ness. 

at-ten"-u-a'-tion.  A  weakening.  Enlarg  ement- 
Diminution,  Friability. 

at-test'.  To  certify  as  accurate.  Assertion-Denial, 
Engagement  -  Release,  Evidence  -  Counterevi  - 
dence,  Sign. 

at"-tes-ta'-tion.  Act  of  attesting.  Evidence-Coun- 
terevidence,  Sign. 

at-test'-ed.     Witnessed.     Attested  copy,  Security. 


at'-tic.  Room  next  the  roof;  classic;  witty.  Con- 
tents-Receiver, Purity-Crudeness,  Taste-Vul- 
garity, Top-Bottom,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

At'-ti-cism.  Elegant  expression.  Wittiness-Dul- 
ness. 

At'-til-a.  A  king  of  the  Huns,  called  the  "  Scourge  of 
God."     Benefactor-Evildoer. 

at-tire'.     Garments.     Dress-Undress. 

at'-ti-tude.  Physical  position;  settled  purpose  or 
opinion.  Condition-Situation,  Form-Formless- 
ness, Position.  \ 

at"-ti-tu"-di-na'-ri-an.  One  who  studies  and  practises" 
attitudes.     Pomp. 

at"-ti-tu'-di-nize.  To  pose  for  effect.  Society-Affec- 
tation. 

at-tol'-lent.     Lifting.     Elevation-Depression. 

at-tor'-ney.  A  person  acting  for  another;  a  lawyer. 
Advocate,  Consignee;  power  of  attorney,  Commis- 
sion-Abrogation. 

at-tract'.  To  draw  to;  to  affect  favorably.  Attrac- 
tion-Repulsion, Desire-Distaste,  Love-Hate, 
Motive-Caprice,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness; 
attract  the  attention,  Heed-Disregard,  Visibility- 
Invisibility. 

at-tract"-a-bil'-i-ty.  Attraction.  Motive-Caprice, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

at-tract'-ing.    Drawing  to  itself.     Attraction-Repul 

SION. 

at-trac'-tion.  Act  of  attracting;  attractive  power 
Attraction-Repulsion,  Desire-Distaste,  Love- 
Hate,  Might-Impotence,  Motive-Caprice,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness. 


ATTRACTION— REPULSION. 


Adduction.  The  action  by  which  the  parts  of  a  body  are  drawn 
towards  its  axis. 

Attraction.  An  invisible  power  in  a  body  by  which  it  draws  any- 
thing to  itself. 

Attraction  of  gravitation.  The  tendency  of  every  particle  of  matter 
in  the  universe  towards  every  other  particle. 

Attractiveness.   Having  the  power  or  quality  of  drawing  towards  itself. 

Drawing  to.     The  act  of  pulling  towards  or  attracting. 

Gravity.  The  tendency  of  a  mass  of  matter  towards  the  center  of  at- 
traction 

Magnetism.  That  quality  or  agency  by  virtue  of  which  certain 
bodies  are  productive  of  magnetic  force  or  susceptible  to  its  action. 

Pulling  towards. 

Attraction — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Loadstar.     A  guiding  star;  the  polestar. 

Loadstone.     A  magnetic  iron  ore. 

Magnet.  A  bar  or  mass  of  steel  to  which  the  properties  of  a  magnet 
have  been  imparted. 

Siderite.     Formerly  magnetic  iron  ore,  or  loadstone. 

Attraction — Verbs. 
Adduce.     To  bring  forward. 
Attract.     To  cause  to  be  drawn  to. 
Drag  towards. 
Draw  towards. 
Pull  towards. 

Attr  actio  n — A  djectives. 

AdductivV.  I  Drawing  or  binding  t0gether- 
Attracting,  etc.      See  Verbs. 
Attractive.     Having  the  quality  of  attracting. 
Attrahent.      Drawing  to  or  towards  something. 

at-tract'-ive.  Having  the  power  to  attract;  pleasing. 
Attraction-Repulsion,  Beauty-Ugliness,  De- 
sire-Distaste, Love -Hate,  Motive -Caprice, 
Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness. 

at-tract'-ive-ness.  Condition  of  being  attractive.  At- 
traction-Repulsion, Love-Hate,  Motive-Caprice, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

at'-tra-hent.  Drawing  towards.  Attraction-Repul- 
sion. 


Abduction.     The  act  of  drawing  apart. 
Driving  forth,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Repulse.     A  driving  back. 
Repulsion.     The  act  of  being  driven  back. 

Repulsion — Verbs, 

Abduce.     To  draw  to  a  different  part. 

Abduct.     To  take  away  by  force. 

Chase.     To  drive  by  following. 

Dispel.     To  drive  away  by  scattering. 

Drive  from.     See  Impetus. 

Push  from.     To  drive  away  by  steady  pressure. 

Repel.     To  act  with  force  in  opposition  to  force. 

Retrude.     To  thrust  back. 

Send  away.  1  To  cause  to  go  in  any  manner. 

Send  off.      i 

Repulsion — Adjectives. 

Abducent.     Drawing  away  from  a  common  center. 
Abductive.     Carrying  away. 
Repellent.     Driving  back  by  force. 
Repelling,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Repulsive.     Resisting. 

Repulsion — Phrases. 

Give  the  cold  shoulder. 

Keep  at  arm's  length. 

Send  away  with  a  flea  in  one's  ear. 

Turn  one's  back  upon.     Turn  the  cold  shoulder. 

at-trib'-u-ta-ble.  Capable  of  being  attributed.  Ra- 
tionale-Luck. 

at'-tri-bute.  A  quality;  that  which  is  inherent  in  a  per- 
son or  thing.  Might-Impotence;  attributes  of  the 
Deity,  Divinity. 

at-trib'-u-ted.    Ascribed.    Rationale-Luck. 

at-trib'-uteto.     Ascribe  to,  Rationale-Luck. 

at"-tri-bu'-tion.  Act  of  ascribing  as  a  property  or 
quality.     Rationale-Luck. 


ATTRITE. 


83 


AUSTERITY. 


at-trite'.     Worn  down.     Friability.        , 

at-tri'-tion.  Act  of  rubbing  away.  Friction-Lubri- 
cation. 

attroupement  [F.]  (at-trup-mcnr').  A  riotous  assem- 
bly.    Gathering-Scattering. 

at-tune.  To  adjust  as  a  musical  instrument.  Music, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

at-tuned'.  Accustomed.  Attuned  to,  Habit-Desue- 
tude. 

au'-burn.    Reddish-brown.     Gray-Brown. 

A.  U.  C.  Ab  Urbe  CondilA  [L.]  From  the  city's 
(Rome)  construction.     Duration-Neverness. 

auc'-tion.     A  public  sale.      Buying-Sale. 

auc"-tion-eer'.  One  who  conducts  a  sale.  Buying- 
Sale,  Consignee. 

auctor  pretiosa  facit  [L.]  auc'-tor  pri-shi-o'-sa  fe'-sit). 
The  giver  adds  value  to  the  gift.     Giving-Receiv- 

ING. 

au-da'-cious.     Bold.     Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

au-dac'-i-ty.  Boldness;  impudence.  Bravery-Cow- 
ardice, Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Reckless- 
ness-Caution. 

audacter  et  sincere  [L.]  (au-dac'-ter  et  sin-si'-ri). 
Boldly  and  sincerely.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

au  disespoir  [F.]  (o  de-zes-pwar') .  In  despair. 
Lightheartedness  -  Dejection,  Sanguineness  - 
Timidity. 

au"-di-bil'-i-ty.  State  of  being  audible.  Hearing- 
Deafness,  Sound-Silence. 

au'-di-ble.  Capable  of  being  heard.  Sound-Silence; 
become  audible,  Hearing-Deafness;  scarcely  audi- 
ble, Loudness-Faintness. 

au'-di-ence.  An  assembly  of  hearers;  a  hearing. 
Conversation  -  Monologue,  Hearing  -  Deafness  ; 
before  an  audience,  Acting. 

audire  alteram  partem  [L.]  (au-dai'-ri  al'-ter-am 
par'-tem).  To  hear  the  other  side.  Evidence- 
Counterevidence,  Right-Wrong,  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

au'-dit.  To  examine,  as  accounts.  Accounts,  Inves- 
tigation-Answer, Numbering. 

au'-di-tor.  One  who  examines  accounts;  a  listener. 
Accounts,  Hearing-Deafness. 

au"-di-to'-ri-um.  A  place  for  speaking.  Acting, 
Address-Response. 

au'-di-to-ry.  Pertaining  to  hearing;  an  audience  room. 
Acting,  Hearing-Deafness;  auditory  apparatus, 
Hearing-Deafness. 

au  fait  [F.]  (o  i€).  Up  to  the  mark;  well  taught. 
Skill-Unskilfulness. 

aufgeschoben  ist  nicht  aufgehoben  [G.]  (auf'-ge-sho'- 
ben  ist  niHt  auf'-ge-ho'-ben) .  Later  on  is  not  fore- 
gone.    Quest-Abandonment. 

au  fond  [F.]  (ofoir).  At  the  bottom ;  fundamentally. 
Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 

Au-ge'-an.  Like  the  stables  of  Augeas;  very  filthy. 
Augean  stable,  Cleanness-Filthiness  ;  Augean  task, 
Difficulty-Facility. 

au'-ger.  An  instrument  for  boring.  Perforater- 
Stopper. 

aught.  Any  part,  even  the  smallest.  Whole-Part; 
for  aught  one  cares,  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Unconcern;  for  aught  one  knows,  Hypothesis, 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Rationale-Luck. 

aug-menf.  To  enlarge  or  increase.  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Increase-Decrease,  Increment- 
Remnant. 

aug"-men-ta'-tion.  An  enlargement.  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Increase-Decrease,  Increment- 
Remnant. 

au'-gur.  A  soothsayer;  to  betoken.  Prophecy,  Sooth- 
sayer; augur  well,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

au'-gu-rate.     Foretell.     Prophecy. 

au"-gu-ra'-tion.     Augury.     Prophecy. 


au-gu'-ri-al       Pertaining  to  auguries.     Prophecy. 

au'-gu-rous.     Relating  to  auguries.      Prophecy. 

au'-gu-ry.     Foretelling  by  signs  or  omens.     Parent. 

au-gust'.  Venerable;  dignified.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

Au'-gus-tin.  An  Augustinian  monk.  Ministry- 
Laity. 

aunt.    Sister  of  one's  father  or  mother.     Relationship. 

au'-ra.  A  light  breeze;  sensation  as  of  a  light  vapor 
passing  over  the  body.  River-Wind,  Tingling- 
Numbness. 

aurea  mediocrilas  [L.]  (au'-ri-a  mi-di-oc'-ri-tas') .  The 
golden  mean.     Midcourse-Circuit. 

au'-re-ate.     Golden.     Yellowness-Purple. 

au-re'-o-la.  Circlet  of  light  about  the  head  of  a  divine 
being.     Light-Darkness. 

au'-re-ole.  Radiance  around  a  body;  to  surround  with 
an  aureola.     R.eputation-Discredit. 

au-re'-o-lin.     Cobalt  yellow.     Yellowness-Purple. 

au'-ri-cle.     External  ear.     Hearing-Deafness. 

au-ric'-u-lar.  Pertaining  to  the  ear;  confidential. 
Enlightenment  -  Secrecy,  Hearing  -  Deafness; 
auricular  confession,  Ceremonial. 

auri  sacra  fames  [L.]  (au'-rai  se'-cra  fe'-miz).  Ac- 
cursed greed  of  gold.     Extravagance-Avarice. 

au-rist'.  One  who  treats  affections  of  the  ear.  Rem- 
edy-Bane. 

au-ro'-ra.  A  phenomenon  of  the  upper  atmosphere; 
dawn.  Dimness,  Light-Darkness,  Luminary- 
Shade,  Morning-Evening  ;  aurora  borealis,  northern 
lights,  Luminary-Shade. 

aus"-cul-ta'-tion.    A  listening.    Hearing-Deafness. 

aus'-pi-cal.     Auguring.     Prophecy. 

aus'-pice.     An  omen  or  sign.     Portent. 

aus'-pi-ces.  Protection  or  favoring.  Dominance-Im- 
potence, Prophecy,  Security-Insecurity;  under 
the  auspices  of,  Rule-License. 

aus-pi'-cious.  Conducive  to  good  fortune.  Oppor- 
tuneness-Unsuitableness,  Prophecy,  Sanguine- 
ness-Hopelessness, Welfare-Misfortune. 

auspicium  melioris  cevi  [L.]  (au-spish'-i-um  mi-li-o'-ris 
i'-vai).     Augury  of  a  happier  time.     Portent. 

aussitSt  dit,  aussitot  fait  [F.]  (o-si-to'  di,  o-si-to'  fe). 
"No  sooner  said  than  done."      Completion-Non- 

COMPLETION. 

aus-tere'.    Severe.    Austerity,  Harshness-Mildness, 

Politeness-Impoliteness. 
aus-ter'-i-ty.     Rigor    in    conduct;    severe    simplicity, 
sour.    Austerity,  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Harsh- 
ness -  Mildness,     Palatableness  -  Unpalatable- 
ness,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 
AUSTERITY. 
Asceticism.     Belief  in  excessive  austerity,  the  state  of  excessive  self- 
denial. 
Austerity.     Severity  and  sternness  in  conduct. 
Cynicism.     The  state  of  being  cynical,  of  sneering  at  moral  upright-  . 

ness. 
Fasting.     Total  or  partial  abstinence  from  food  on  religious  grounds. 

See  Fasting. 
Flagellation.     Whipping  oneself  as  a  part  of  religious  duty. 
Maceration.     Making  lean  and  thin  by  fasting. 
Martyrdom.     The  condition  of  a  martyr,  or  of  one  who  suffers  for  his 

beliefs. 
Mortification.     The  act  or  state  of  mortifying,  or  the  death  of  a  part 

of  the  body. 
Nephalism.     Total  abstinence  from  intoxicants. 
Penance.     Suffering  or  punishment  as  an  atonement  of  sin.     See 

Atonement. 
Puritanism.     The  state  of  being  a  Puritan,  or  excessively  severe  in 

conduct 
Sabbatarianism.     Asceticism  in  the  observance  of  the  Sabbath. 
Total  abstinence.     Refusal  to  have  anything  to  do  with,  as  liquor,  et* 

Austerity — Nouns  of  Agency. 
Anchoret.     One  who  retires  from  the  world  to  practise  religion 
Anchorite.     See  Anchoret, 
Ascetic.     One  who  practises  asceticism. 


AUSTERITY. 


84 


AVERNI. 


AUSTERITY— Nouns  of  Agency— Continued. 

Cynic.     One  who  holds  in  contempt  all  virtues. 

Essene.     One  of  a  sect  of  ascetic  Jews. 

Heauton  timoroumenos  [Gr.].  The  Self -tormentor,  name  of  a  play  by 
Menander. 

Hermit.  One  who  leaves  the  world  and  lives  for  religious  contem- 
plation.    See  Sociability. 

Martyr.     One  who  suffers  for  his  beliefs. 

Puritan.     One  who  is  very  strict  in  conduct. 

Sabbatarian.     One  who  strictly  observes  the  Jewish  Sabbath. 
Austerity — Figurative  Nouns. 

Sackcloth  and  ashes.     Penance  for  sin ,  self-abasement. 
Austerity — Adjectives. 

Acerbic.     Rigidly  exact  and  stern. 

Ascetic.     Given  to  severe  self-denial. 

Austere.     Severe;  grave;  stern 

Cynical.     Inclined  to  moral  skepticism. 

Over-religious.     Excessively  religious. 

Puritanical.     Rigid. 

Austerlitz,  voila  le  soleil  d' —  [F.]  (au-ster-litz',  vwa-la' 
le  so-ley'  d).  Behold  the  sun  of  Austerlitz.  Repu- 
tation-Discredit, Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

aus'-tral.    Southern.     Laterality-Contraposition. 

aus'-tro-man"-cy.  Divination  by  observation  of  the 
wind.     Prophecy. 

au-then'-tic.  Credible.  Certainty-Doubt,  Truth- 
Error. 

au-then'-ti-cate.  To  certify.  Evidence-Counter- 
,  evidence. 

au-then"-ti-ca'-tion.  Confirmation.  Evidence-Coun- 
terevidence,  Security. 

au"-then-tic'-i-ty.  State  of  being  authoritative.  Truth- 
Error. 

au'-thor.  A  creator;  a  writer.  Cause-Effect,  Maker- 
Destroyer,  Missive-Publication;  author  of  our 
being,  Divinity;  author  of  evil,  Angel-Satan;  dra- 
matic author,  Acting. 

au-thor'-i-ta-tive.  Duly  sanctioned.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Order. 

au-thor'-i-ta-tive-ness.  Possession  of  power.  Rule- 
License. 

au-thor'-i-ties.     Rulers.    Chief-Underling. 

au-thor'-i-ty.  Right  to  command  and  enforce  obedi- 
ence; that  appealed  to  in  support  of  an  opinion. 
Dominance-Impotence,  Dueness-Undueness,  En- 
lightenment -  Secrecy,  Evidence  -  Counterevi- 
dence,  Leave-Prohibition,  Might-Impotence, 
Rule-License,  Sage-Fool;  -do  upon  one's  own 
authority,  Volition-Obligation;  ensign  of  author- 
ity, Manager,  Scepter;  person  in  authority,  Chief- 
Undreling,  Rule-License. 

au"-thor-i-za'-tion.     Legal  sanction.     Prohibition. 

au'-thor-ize.  To  empower.  Commission-Abrogation, 
Dueness-Undueness,  Leave-Prohibition,  Rule- 
License. 

au'-thor-ized.  Endowed  with  authority.  Commission- 
Retirement,  Dueness-Undueness. 

au'-thor-ship.  Quality  or  function  of  an  author. 
Creation-Destruction,  Style,  Writing-Printing. 

au"-to-bi-og'-ra-phy.  Story  of  one's  own  life.  Ac- 
count. 

au-toch'-tho-nes.    Aborigines.    Dweller-Habitation. 

au-toch'-thon-ous.    Native.    Dweller-Habitation. 

au-toc'-ra-cy.  Rule  of  an  autocrat.  Harshness- 
Mildness,  Rule-License,  Tyranny-Anarchy. 

au'-to-crat.  A  supreme  unrestricted  ruler.  Chief- 
Underling,  Tyranny-Anarchy. 

au"-to-crat'-ic .  Having  absolute  power.  Rule- 
License,  Volition-Obligation. 

auto  da  je  [Pg.]  (au'-to  da  f§).  An  act  of  faith:  bon- 
fire.   Heating-Cooling,  Recompense-Punition. 

au'-to-graph.  One's  own  signature.  Sign,  Writing- 
Printing. 

au-tog'-ra-phy.  Autographs  collectively  considered. 
Sign. 


Au-tol'-y-cus.  A  famous  thief  of  my thology.  Dealer, 
Robber. 

au"-to-ma'-ni-ac.  One  who  has  worked  himself  into 
insanity.      Saneness-Maniac. 

au"-tc-tnat'-ic.  Acting  from  itself.  Volition-Obli- 
gation. 

au-tom'-a-ton.  An  automatic  machine.  Volition- 
Obligation. 

au"-to-mo'-biie.  A  self-acting  or  self-regulating  road 
wagon. 

au-ton'-o-my.  Self-government.  Liberty-Subjec- 
tion, Rule-License. 

au'-top-sy.  Examination  of  a  body  after  death.  Life- 
Funeral,  Sight-Blindness. 

au-top'-tic-al.  Seen  with  one's  own  eyes.  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency, Visibility-Invisibility. 

au'-to-type.  Photograph  process  of  printing.  En- 
graving. 

au'-tumn.  Third  season  of  the  year.  Morning- 
Evening. 

au-tum'-nal.  Relating  to  autumn.    Morning-Evening. 

aux-il'-i-a-ry.  One  who  or  that  which  helps.  Antago- 
nist-Assistant, Benefactor-Evildoer,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help; auxiliary  forces,  Belligerent. 

a-vail'.  To  serve;  to  use  for  a  purpose.  Success- 
Failure,  Use-Disuse,  Usefulness-Uselessness; 
avail  oneself  of,  Use-Disuse;  of  no  avail,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness. 

a-vail'-a-ble.     Usable.     Usefulness-Uselessness. 

av'-a-lanche".  A  fall  of  snow  down  a  mountain  side; 
anything  sudden  and  overwhelming.  Ascent-De- 
scent, Excess-Lack. 

avaler  les  couleuvres  [F.]  (a-va-le'  le  cu-luvr').  To 
swallow  the  snakes.  To  bear  an  affront.  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness, Yielding. 

avant-coureur  [F.]  (a-vcuv'  cu-rur').  Forerunner. 
Predecessor-Continuation,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation. 

avant-propos  [F.]  (a- van-'  pro-po').  Preface.  Prede- 
cessor-Continuation. 

av'-a-rice.  Passion  for  riches.  Extravagance-Ava- 
rice. 

av-a-ri'-cious.  Greedy  of  gain.  Extravagance-Ava- 
rice. 

a-vast'.  Stop.  Discontinuance-Continuance,  Leave- 
Prohibition,  Movement-Rest,  Quest-Abandon- 
ment. 

av'^a-tari.  Descent  of  the  deity  into  incarnate  exist- 
ence. Devotion-Idolatry,  Divinity,  Mutation- 
Permanence. 

a-vaunt'.  Dismissal.  Admission-Expulsion,  Appear- 
ance-Disappearance. 

a'-ve.  Hail.  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

a-venge'.  To  take  satisfaction  for.  Pardon-Vindic- 
tiveness. 

a-venge'-ance.    Vengeance.     Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

a-venge'-ment.  Retaliation.  Pardon-Vindictive- 
ness. 

a-ven'-ger.  One  who  avenges.  Pardon-Vindictive- 
ness. 

a-veng'-ing.  Taking  revenge.  Pardon-Vindictive- 
ness. 

av'-e-nue.  A  street;  approach  to  a  residence.  City- 
Country,  Domestication-Agriculture,  Way. 

a-ver'.    To  assert  as  a  fact.    Assertion-Denial. 

av'-er-age.  Arithmetical  mean;  moderate  character. 
Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Medium;  average  cir- 
cumstances, Mediocrity  ;  take  an  average,  Mensura- 
tion. 

a-ver'-ment.     Affirmation.    Assertion-Denial. 

Averni,  facilis  descensus  [L.]  (a-ver'-nai,  fas'-i-lis 
de-sen'-sus) .  Easy  is  the  descent  to  the  lower  world. 
Parallelism-Inclination,  Security-Insecurity. 


AVERNUS. 


85 


AZYGOUS. 


A-ver'-nus.     The  infernal  regions.     Heaven-Hell. 

av"-er-run'-cate.  To  ward  off.  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Injection-Ejection. 

av"-er-sa'-tion.    Aversion.    Assertion-Denial. 

a-verse'.  Moved  by  dislike  or  repugnance.  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance. 

a-verse'-ness.     Dislike.     Readiness-Reluctance. 

a-ver'-sion.  Opposition  or  dislike.  Desire-Distaste, 
Love-Hate. 

a-vert'.  To  turn  aside.  Obstruction-Help;  avert 
the  eyes,  Sight-Blindness. 

a'-vi-a-ry.  A  place  where  birds  are  kept.  Domesti- 
cation-Agriculture. 

avibus,  bonis  [L.]  (av'-i-bus,  bo'-nis).  Under  good 
auspices.     Security-Insecurity. 

av'-id.     Eager.     Desire-Distaste. 

a-vid'-i-ty.  Strong  desire.  Desire-Distaste,  Ex- 
travagance-Avarice. 

a-vile'.  To  make  vile.  Adulation-Disparagement, 
Approval-Disapproval. 

avi  nunteranlur  avorum  [L.]  (e'-vai  niu-mer-an'-tur 
u-vor'-um) .  Ancestors  of  ancestors  are  counted  unto 
me.     Parentage-Progeny. 

avise  la  fin  [F.]  (a- viz'  la  fan').  Weigh  well  the  end. 
Prevision. 

a-vi'-so.    A  despatch  boat.    Tidings-Mystery. 

av"-o-ca'-tion.  That  -v\hich  takes  one  from  his  regular 
calling.    Occupation. 

a-void'.  To  shun.  Desire-Distaste,  Readiness-Re- 
luctance. 

a-void'-ance.    Act  of  shunning.     Quest-Evasion. 

a-void'-less.  Inevitable.  Certainty-Doubt,  Voli- 
tion-Obligation. 

av"-oir-du-pois'.  A  system  of  weights.  Heaviness- 
Lightness. 

av"-o-la'-tion.  Act  of  flying  away.  Escape,  Quest- 
Evasion. 

a-vouch'.    To  declare  openly.    Assertion-Denial. 

a-vouch'-al.    A  declaring.    Assertion-Denial. 

a-vouch'-ment.     Declaration.     Assertion-Denial. 

a-vow'.  To  acknowledge  or  declare  frankly.  Assent- 
Dissent,  Assertion-Denial,  Exposure-Hiding- 
place. 

a-vul'-sion.  A  forcible  separation.  Injection-Ejec- 
tion, Union-Disunion. 

a-wait'.  To  wait  for.  Earliness-Lateness,  Expec- 
tation-Surprise, Future-Past,  Occurrence-Des- 
tiny. 

a-wake'.  To  cease  from  sleep;  to  call  into  action;  to 
be  awake.  Activity-Indolence,  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Heed-Disregard,  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity. 

a-wa'-ken.  To  arouse  from  sleep;  to  stir  up;  to  stir 
up  interest.  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Excitation; 
awaken  the  attention,  Heed-Disregard;  awaken  the 
memory,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

a-ward'.     To  decide  to  be  rightly  due.    Decision-Mis- 

JUDGMENT,  GlVING-RECEIVING. 

a-ware'.  Having  knowledge  of.  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance. 

a-way'.  Absent;  at  a  distance;  apart.  Admission-Ex- 
pulsion, Presence-Absence,  Remoteness-Near- 
ness; away  from,  Connection-Independence;  away 
with,  Admission-Expulsion,  Approval-Disappro- 
val, Commission-Abrogation,  Keeping-Relin- 
quishment,  Regard-Scorn;  break  away,  Quest- 


Evasion;  do  away  with,  Action-Passiveness,  Com- 
mission-Abrogation; fly  away,  Arrival-Depar- 
ture; get  away,  Escape;  move  away,  Approach- 
Withdrawal,  Escape;  take  away  from,  Taking- 
Restitution;  throw  away,  Admission-Expulsion, 
Choice  -  Rejection,  Keeping  -  Relinquishment, 
Provision-Waste. 

awe.  Dread  mingled  with  reverence.  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Regard-Disrespect,  Sanguineness- 
Timidity. 

awe'-in-spir"-ing.  Stupefying.  Sanguineness-Timid- 
ity. 

awe'-less.  Fearless.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness, Regard-Disrespect. 

aw'-ful.  Terrible;  very  great.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness.Sanguineness-timidity;  awful  silence,  Sound- 
Silence. 

a-while'.    For  a  short  time.    Lastingness-Transient- 

NESS. 

awk'-ward.  Ungraceful;  clumsy.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness,  Propriety-Impropriety,  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness,  Society-Ludicrousness,  Taste-Vulgarity; 
awkward  squad,  Adept-Bungler. 

awk'-ward-n<>ss.  Clumsiness.  Difficulty-Facility, 
Taste-Vulgarity. 

a.wl.  A  shoemaker's  tool  for  boring.  Perforater- 
Stopper. 

awn'-ing.  A  covering  or  shelter  from  the  sun.  Cover- 
Lining,  Luminary-Shade. 

a-wry'.  Out  of  proper  form;  evil.  Good-Evil,  Paral- 
lelism-Inclination, Proportion-Deformity. 

axe.  An  edge-tool  for  cutting.  Impetus-Reaction, 
Recompense  -  Scourge,  Sharpness  - Bluntness, 
Weapon. 

ax'-i-al.     Pertaining  to  an  axis.    Center. 

ax'-il-la-ry.    Pertaining  to  the  axilla.    Anatomy. 

ax'-i-no-man"-cy.  Divination  by  means  of  an  axe 
Prophecy. 

ax'-i-om.     A  self-evident  truth.    Adage-Nonsense. 

ax'-i-o-mat'-ic.  Self-evident.  Adage-Nonsense,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt. 

ax'-is.  A  line  or  support  on  which  something  rotates. 
Center,  Revolution-Evolution,  Suspension-Sup- 
port. 

ax'-le.  A  cross-bar  on  which  anything  turns.  Revo- 
lution-Evolution, Suspension-Support;  wheel 
and  axle,  Instrument. 

ax'-le-tree".    An  axle  of  wood.    Suspension-Support". 

ay.     Yes.     Assent-Dissent. 

a'-yah.  A  nurse;  a  lady's-maid.  Chief-Underling, 
Guard-Prison. 

aye.     Always;  yes.     Assent-Dissent,  Eternity-In- 

STANTANEITY. 

az'-i-muth.  An  astronomical  arc.  Aim-Aberration, 
Astronomy,  Erectness-Flatness,  Mensuration; 
azimuth  circle,  Erectness-Flatness. 

a-zo'-ic.     Without  organic  life.     Organization-Inor- 

GANIZATION. 

az-ote'.  An  did  name  for  nitrogen,  which  does  not 
support  life.     Remedy-Bane. 

a-zot'-ic.  Unable  to  support  life.  Healthiness-Un- 
healthiness. 

az'-ure.     A  clear  blue.     Blueness-Orange. 

az'-y-gous.  Occurring  singly.  Center,  Solitude- 
Company. 


BAAL. 


86 


BACKSTAIRS. 


B 


Ba'-al.  A  Semitic  sun-god.  Devotion-Idolatry, 
Jove-Fiend,  Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

bab'-ble.  Senseless  sound.  Conversation-Mono- 
logue, Loudness-Faintness,  Meaning-Jargon, 
River-Wind,  Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

bab'-ble-ment.  Idle  talk.  Talkativeness-Taciturn- 
ity. 

bab'-bler.  An  idle  talker.  Sage-Fool,  Talkative- 
ness-Taciturnity. 

bab'-bling.     Senseless  talk.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

babe.  An  infant.  Infant-Veteran;  innocent  as  the 
babe  unborn,  Innocence-Guilt. 

Iba'-bel.  Confusion  of  sounds.  Language,  Melody- 
Dissonance,  Regularity-Irregularity,  Talka- 
tiveness-Taciturnity, Word-Neology. 

Ua'-bism.  The  principles  and  practises  of  the  Babi. 
Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

Ba'-bist.  One  who  believes  in  the  principles  of  the  Babi. 
Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

bab-oon'.     A  large  ape.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

ba'-by.  A  very  young  child.  Infant- Veteran,  Sage- 
Fool;  baby  linen,  Dress-Undress. 

ba'-by— farm".  A  place  where  babies  are  nursed  and 
brought  up.     Dweller-Habitation. 

ba'-by-hood.  Infancy.  Infancy-Age,  Sagacity-In- 
capacity. 

ba'-by-ish.  Like  an  infant.  Infant-Veteran,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity. 

bac"-ca-lau'-re-ate .     The  degree  of  bachelor.     School.' 

bac"-ca-rat.  A  gambling  card  game.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 

bac'-chal.     A  drunken  reveler.     Teetotalism-Intem- 

PERANCE. 

bac'-cha-nal.     A   drunken  reveler.      Teetotalism-In- 

TEMPERANCE. 

bac"-cha-na'-li-a.     Drunken  orgies.     Teetotalism-In- 

TEMPERANCE. 

bac"-cha-na'-lian.  A  drunken  reveler.  Teetotalism- 
Intemperance. 

bac'-cha-nals .  Drunken  revelry.  Teetotalism-In- 
temperance. 

bac'-chante.  A  priestess  of  Bacchus.  Teetotalism- 
Intemperance. 

Bac'-chus.  The  god  of  wine.  Teetotalism-Intem- 
perance;  devotee  to  Bacchus,  Teetotalism-Intem- 
perance. 

bach'-e-lor.  An  unmarried  man.  Matrimony-Celibacy. 

bach'-e-lor-hood.  The  bachelor's  degree.  Matrimony- 
Celibacy. 

bach'-e-lor-ship.  The  condition  of  being  a  bachelor. 
Matrimony-Celibacy. 

back.  A  portion  of  the  body;  the  part  opposite  the 
front.  Advance-Retrogression,  Anteriority- 
Posteriority,  Convexity-Concavity,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help; back  out,  Advance-Retrogression; 
back  to  back,  Anteriority-Posteriority;  back  up, 
Obstruction-Help,  Suspension-Support;  behind 
one's  back,  Anteriority-Posteriority,  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy, Manifestation-Latency;  carry 
one's  thoughts  back,  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness;  come  back,  Arrival-Departure;  fall  back, 
Renovation-Relapse;  give  back,  Taking-Resti- 
tution; go  back,  Advance-Retrogression;  go  back 
from,  Observance-Nonobservance;  have  at  one's 
back,     Suspension-Support;    hold    back,     Quest- 


Evasion;  keep  back,  Store;  look  back,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness;  on  one's  back,  Erectness- 
Flatness,  Might-Impotence,  Success-Failure; 
pat  on  the  back,  Alleviation-Aggravation,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Bravery-Cowardice,  Mo- 
tive-Caprice; pay  back,  Reprisal-Resistance;  put 
back,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Renovation- 
Relapse;  put  one's  back  up,  Favorite-Anger;  send 
back,  Proffer-Refusal;  set  one's  back  up,  Self- 
respect-Humbleness;  set  one's  back  against  the 
wall,  Determination-Vacillation;  some  time  back, 
Future-Past;  spring  back,  Elasticity-Inelas- 
ticity, Impetus-Reaction;  take  back  again,  Tak- 
ing-Restitution; trace  back,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness;  turn  back,  Advance-Retrogression; 
turn  one's  back,  Advance-Retrogression,  Quest- 
Evasion;  turn  one's  back  upon,  Advance-Retro- 
gression, Antagonism-Concurrence,  Attraction- 
Repulsion,  Heed-Disregard,  Politeness-Impo- 
liteness, Quest-Evasion,  Regard-Disregard,  Re- 
gard-Scorn, Sociability-Privacy. 

back'-bite".  Calumniate  secretly.  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement, Approval-Disapproval;  Sir  Benja- 
min Backbite,  Flatterer-Defamer. 

back'-bi"-ter.  A  base  traducer.  Flatterer-De- 
famer. 

back'-bone".  The  spine;  firmness.  Affections, 
Bravery-Cowardice,  Center,  Persistence-Whim, 
Subjectiveness-Objectiveness,  Suspension-Sup- 
port; game  to  the  backbone,  Determination- 
Vacillation. 

back'-cast".     Thrown  back.     Welfare-Misfortune. 

back'-door".     Rear  entrance  or  exit.     Method. 

back'-down".     Retraction.     Yielding. 

back'-er.     A  supporter.     Antagonist-Assistant. 

back'-friend".     A  secret  foe.     Friend-Foe. 

back"-gam'-mon.  A  game.  Entertainment- Weari- 
ness. 

back'-ground" .  Ground  in  the  rear.  Anteriority- 
Posteriority,  Remoteness-Nearness;  in  the  back- 
ground, Anteriority-Posteriority,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Manifestation-Latency,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit; keep  in  the  background,  Conceit- 
Diffidence,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Sociabil- 
ity-Privacy; put  one  in  the  background,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit; throw  into  the  background,  Care- 
fulness-Carelessness. 

back'-log".  A  large  log  placed  at  the  back  of  the  fire 
in  an  open  fireplace.     Oven-Refrigerator. 

back'-plate" .  A  piece  of  armor  which  covers  the  back. 
Weapon. 

back'-set".     To  replow  land.     Renovation-Relapse. 

back'-set"-tler.  One  who  inhabits  the  back-settle- 
ments of  a  country.     Dweller-Habitation. 

back'-shish.     A  gratuity.     Giving-Receiving. 

back'-side".  The  back  part.  Anteriority-Posteri- 
ority. 

back-sli'-der.  An  apostate.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Pa- 
triotism-Treason. 

back-sli'-ding.  Apostatizing.  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Bigotry-Apostasy,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy, 
Renovation-Relapse,  Virtue-Vice. 

back'-stairs" .  Private  stairs.  Exposure-Hiding- 
place,  Method;  backstairs  influence,  Craft-Art- 
lessness. 


BACKWARD. 


87 


BALCONY. 


back'-ward.  Directed  to  the  rear;  late;  reluctant. 
Advance  -  Retrogression,  Earliness  -  Lateness, 
Readiness-Reluctance. 

back"-war-da'-tion.  The  premium  paid  for  delaying 
the  delivery  of  stock.    Price-Discount. 

back'-ward-ness.  Reluctancy.  Desire-Distaste, 
Readiness-Reluctance. 

liack'- wards.  Towards  the  rear.  Advance-Retro- 
gression; bend  backwards,  Elasticity-Inelas- 
ticity; bend  backwards  and  forwards,  Commutation- 
Permutation,  Vibration. 

back'-wa"-ter.  Water  held  or  forced  back.  Advance- 
Retrogression. 

iDack'-woods".  Sparsely  settled  districts.  City-Coun- 
try. 

back'-woods"-man.  A  frontiersman.  Domestication- 
Agriculture,  Dweller-Habitation. 

ba'-con.  Cured  hog's  flesh.  Buttered  upon  bacon, 
Excess-Lack;  save  one's  bacon,  Conservation, 
Security-Insecurity. 

Ba-co'-ni-an  meth'-od.  Induction.  Investigation- 
Answer. 

bac-te'-ri-a.  Microbes.  Biology,  Greatness-Little- 
ness. 

baculinum  argumentum  [L.]  (bac-yu-lai'-num  ar-giu- 
men'-tum).  Club  law.  Coercion,  Law-Lawless- 
ness, Recompense-Punition. 

bad.  Wicked;  worthless.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Cleanness-Filthiness,  Good-Evil,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Perfume-Stench,  Right-Wrong;  bad  blood, 
Charitableness-Malevolence,  Love-Hate;  bad 
business,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  bad  case, 
Ratiocination-Instinct;  bad  chance,  Likelihood- 
Unlikelihood;  bad  debt,  Credit-Debt;  bad  fairy, 
Jove-Fiend;  bad  faith,  Observance-Nonobserv- 
ance,  Uprightness-Dishonesty;  bad  grace,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness; bad  habit,  Habit-Desuetude; 
bad  hand,  Adept-Bungler,  Writing-Printing;  bad 
humor,  Contentedness-  Discontentment,  Favor- 
ite-Anger, Favorite -Quarrelsomeness,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection;  bad  intent,  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence; bad  job,  Good-Evil,  Sanguine- 
ness-Hopelessness, Skilfulness-Unskilpulness; 
bad  joke,  Taste-Vulgarity;  bad  language,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Charitableness-Curse;  bad 
luck,  Welfare-Misfortune;  bad  man,  Good  Man- 
Bad  Man,  Uprightness-Rogue;  bad  name,  Adula- 
tion-Disparagement, Approval-Disapproval.  Rep- 
utation-Discredit; bad  odor,  Perfume-Stench; 
bad  repute,  Reputation-Discredit;  bad  smell,  Per- 
fume-Stench; bad  spirit,  Jove-Fiend;  bad  spirits, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection;  bad  taste,  Taste- 
Vulgarity;  bad  temper,  Favorite-Anger,  Favor- 
ite- Quarrelsomeness,  Favorite  -Moroseness  ; 
bad  time  of  it,  Pleasure-Pain;  bad  turn,  Chari- 
tableness-Malevolence, Good-Evil;  bad  woman, 
Good  Man-Bad  Man;  from  bad  to  worse,  Allevia- 
tion-Aggravation; go  bad,  Betterment-Deterio- 
ration, Cleanness-Filthiness;  in  bad  odor,  Amity- 
Hostility;  in  a  bad  way,  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Health -Sickness,  Security -Insecurity, 
Welfare-Misfortune;  not  a  bad  idea,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity;  on  bad  terms,  Amity-Hostility,  Vari- 
-nce-Accord;  put  a  bad  construction  on,  Interpre- 
iation-Misinterpretation;  take  in  bad  part,  Con- 
tentedness -  Discontentment,  Favorite  -  Anger; 
view  in  a  bad  light,  Adulation-Disparagement. 

badaud  [F.]  (ba-do').     An  idler.     Sage-Fool. 

badge.  A  mark  of  distinction.  Sign;  badge  of  author- 
ity, Scepter;  badge  of  infamy,  Reputation-Dis- 
rsdit;  badge  of  slavery,  Chief-Underling;  Badge 
A  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  Patriotism- 
's ason  ;  Badge  of  the  Order  of  St.  Andrew,  Patriot- 
ism-Treason;   Badge    of   the  Order  of  St.  Patrick, 


Patriotism-Treason;  Badge  of  the  Order  of  the 
Golden  Fleece,  Patriotism-Treason;  Badge  of  the 
Order  of  the  Thistle,  Patriotism-Treason. 

badg'-er.  A  burrowing  mammal;  to  worry.  Pleasur- 
ableness-Painfulness;  badger  dog,  Fauna-Flora. 

ba"-di-nage'.     Banter.    Society-Derision,  Wittiness- 

DULNESS. 

bad  lands.     Waste  area.     Geology. 

bad'-ly.  Wickedly.  Goodness-Badness;  badly  off, 
Affluence-Penury,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

bad'-ness.  The  state  of  being  bad.  Good-Evil,  Good- 
ness-Badness. 

baf'-fle.  To  frustrate.  Obstruction-Help,  Success- 
Failure;  baffle  description,  Astonishment-Expec- 
tance, Conventionality-Unconventionality. 

baf'-fle-ment.     Frustration.    Obstruction-Help. 

baf'-fler.  One  who  or  that  which  baffles.  Obstruc- 
tion-Help. 

bag.  A  sack;  to  secure.  Establishment-Removal, 
Gain-Loss,  Receiver, Taking-Restitution, Theft; 
bag  and  baggage,  Property. 

bag"-a-telle'.  A  trifle:  a  kind  of  game.  Consequence- 
Insignificance;  Entertainment- Weariness. 

bag'-gage.  Luggage;  a  strumpet.  Materials,  Prop- 
erty, Purity-Rake. 

bag'-ga-la.  A  two-masted  Arabian  trading-vessel. 
Conveyance-Vessel,  Conveyer. 

bag'"gy-     Ill-fitting;  loose.     Cohesion-Looseness. 

bag'-man.    A  traveling  salesman.    Consignee. 

bagn'-io.    A  brothel.     Purity-Impurity. 

bag'-pipe.  A  musical  wind-instrument.  Musical  In- 
struments. 

bah.     A  contemptuous  exclamation.      Regard-Scorn. 

bail.  Surety.  Security;  go  bail,  Credit-Debt;  leg- 
bail,  Quest-Evasion. 

bail'-a-ble.   Admittingofbail.   Credit-Debt, Security. 

bai'-liff.  An  officer.  Chief-Underling,  Consignee, 
Judicature,  Manager. 

bail'-i-wick.  The  limits  of  a  bailiff's  authority.  Judi- 
cature. 

bai-ram'.  A  Turkish  festival.  Ceremonial,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 

bairn.    A  child.    Infant-Veteran. 

bait.  A  lure.  Attack-Defense,  Giving-Receiv- 
ing,  Motive -Caprice,  Nutriment- Excretion, 
Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness,  Truthfulness  - 
Fraud,  Weariness-Refreshment;  swallow  the  bait, 
Gull-Deceiver,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

bake.     To  dry  and  harden.     Heating-Cooling. 

bake'-house.  A  house  for  baking.  Oven-Refrigerator. 

ba'-ker.  One  who  bakes,  especially  one  who  bakes  bread. 
Agent,  Chief-Underling,  Heating-Cooling. 

ba'-ker's-dozen.     Thirteen.     Five-Quinquesection. 

ba'-ker-y.  A  place  where  different  foods  are  baked. 
Oven-Refrigerator. 

bak'-ing-heat.  Theheatrequiredinbaking.  Heat-Cold. 

bal  [F.]  (bal).  An  assembly  for  dancing.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 

balais  [F.]  (ba-16).  The  rosy-red  ruby  yarn.  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement. 

bal'-ance.  Equipoise.  Accounts,  Comparison,  Com- 
pensation, Determination-Vacillation,  Equal- 
ity-Inequality, Heaviness-Lightness,  Incre- 
ment-Remnant, Medium,  Money,  Numbering;  bal- 
ance accounts  with,  Settlement-Default;  in  the 
balance,  Certainty-Doubt;  off  one's  balance,  De- 
termination-Vacillation, Success-Failure;  the 
mind  losing  its  balance,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

bal'-anced.  Equipoised.  Mutability-Stability,  Pro- 
portion-Deformity; balanced  sentence,  Rhetoric 

bal-bu'-ci-nate.  To  stammer.  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness. 

bal'-co-ny.  A  raised  porch.  Architecture,  Con- 
vexity-Concavity. 


BALD. 


88 


BANSHEE. 


bald.  Unadorned.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Dress-Un- 
dress, Embellishment-Simplicity,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Force-Weakness. 

bal'-da-chin.  1  An  altar  canopy.   Ar- 

baldachino  [It.]  (bal-da-ki'-no).  J    chitecture,  Fane. 

bal'-der-dash.     Nonsense.     Meaning-Jargon. 

bald'-head".  One  whose  head  is  bald.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Entirety-Deficiency,  Smoothness-Rough- 
ness. 

bald'-ness.    The  state  of  being  bald.    Beauty-Ugliness. 

bal'-dric.     A  girdle.     Circle-Winding,  Outline. 

bale.  Sorrow;  package.  Admission-Expulsion,  Con- 
tents-Receiver, Gathering -Scattering,  Good- 
Evil,  Measure. 

bale'-ful.     Sorrowful.     Goodness-Badness. 

bal'-is-ter.     A  cross-bow.     Weapon. 

bal"-is-tra'-ri-a.  A  loophole  through  which  cross- 
bowmen  fire.    Attack-Defense. 

ba-lize'.     A  sea-mark.     Sign. 

balk.  Thwart.  Expectation-Disappointment,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

ball.  A  sphere;  a  game;  dance.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Push-Pull,  Roundness,  Sociability- 
Privacy,  Weapon;  ball  at  one's  feet,  Rule-License, 
Success-Failure;  ball  dress,  Pomp;  keep  up  the  ball, 
Activity  -  Indolence,  Discontinuance  -  Continu- 
ance. 

bal'-lad.    A  song.    Music,  Poetry-Prose. 

bal'-lad-mon'-ger.  A  poetaster.  'Music,  Poetry- 
Prose. 

bal'-lad-ry.     Ballad  poetry.     Music,  PoetHsY-Prose. 

bal'-la-rag.    To  threaten.  Charitableness-Menace. 

bal'-last.  Heavy  material  placed  in  the  hold  of  a  vessel 
to  steady  it.  Compensation,  Heaviness-Light- 
ness, Sagacity-Incapacity;  without  ballast,  Reck- 
lessness-Caution, Virtue-Vice. 

bal'-let.  A  dance.  Acting,  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness; ballet-girl,  Acting. 

bal'-let-dan'-cer.     A  dancer.     Acting. 

bal-lis'-tics.  The  science  of  projectiles.  Fighting- 
Conciliation,  Push-Pull.  Weapon. 

bal-loon'.  A  bag  to  fill  with  gas  and  rise  in  the  air. 
Conveyance-Vessel,  Traveling-Navigation. 

bal-loon'-ist.     An  aeronaut.     Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

bal-loon'-ry.  The  science  of  ballooning.  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

ballot.     Vote.     Choice-Neutrality. 

ball'-proof.  Capable  of  resisting  balls  from  firearms. 
Attack-Defense. 

ball'-room.  Adancehall.   Entertainment-Weariness. 

balm.  A  remedy.  Alleviation-Aggravation,  Per- 
fume-Stench, Remedy-Bane,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

bal-mor'-al.     A  boot.     Dress-Undress. 

balm'-y.  Soothing.  Activity-Indolence,  Perfume- 
Stench. 

bal'-ne-al.    Pertaining  to  a  bath.    Water-Air. 

bal-ne-a'-tion.     Bathing.     Water-Air. 

balourdise  [F.]  (ba-lur-diz') .  Blunder.  Adept- 
Bungler. 

bal-sam.     A  tree.     Remedy-Bane. 

bal"-sam-a'-tion.  The  process  of  embalming.  Rem- 
edy-Bane. 

bal-sam' -ic.  Like  balsam.  Alleviation-Aggrava- 
tion, Remedy-Bane. 

bal '-us- trade.  A  row  of  balusters.  Architecture, 
Enclosure,  Suspension-Support. 

bam.     To  cheat.     Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

bam-bi'-no.    A  child.    Infant-Veteran. 

bam-boo'-zle.  To  deceive.  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

ban.  A  decree.  Charitableness-Curse;  ban  with 
bell,  book,  and  candle,  Ceremonial;  under  the  ban, 
Charitableness-Menace,  Leave-Prohibition. 


banco  regis  [L.]  (ban'-co  ri'-jis) .  On  the  king's  bench. 
Advocate. 

band.  A  stripe;  party;  ring.  Association,  Circle- 
Winding,  Connective,  Gathering-Scattering, 
Lamina-Fiber,  Music,  Musical  Instruments,  Musi- 
cian, Outline,  Release-Prison;  band  of  hope, 
Teetotalism-Intemperance;  band  together,  An- 
tagonism-Concurrence; band  with,  Strife-Peace. 

band'-age.  A  strip  of  cloth.  Connective,  Cover- 
Lining,  Release-Prison,  Remedy-Bane,  Suspen- 
sion-Support, Union-Disunion;  the  eyes  bandaged, 
Sight-Blindness. 

ban-dan'-na.  A  large,  bright-colored  handkerchief. 
Cleanness-Filthiness,  Material. 

band'-box".     A  hat  box.     Contents-Receiver. 

band'-ed  to-geth'-er.  United.  Association,  Coopera- 
tion-Opposition, Variance-Accord. 

ban'-dit.     An  outlaw.     Robber. 

band'-mas"-ter.  The  leader  of  a  musical  band.  Chief- 
Underling,  Musician. 

ban'-dog".  A  fierce  dog.  Security-Insecurity, 
Warning. 

band'-rol.     A  pennant.     Sign. 

bands.  Linen  strips  worn  with  certain  clerical  gar- 
ments.    Vestments. 

bandurria  [Sp.]  (ban-dur'-ri-a) .  A  Spanish  musical 
instrument.     Musical  Instruments. 

ban'-dy.  To  exchange;  contend.  Agitation,  Com- 
mutation-Permutation, Curvature-Rectilinear- 
ity;  bandy  about,  Publicity;  bandy  legged,  Propor- 
tion-Deformity; bandy  words,  Conversation- 
Monologue,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

bane.  Ruin.  Good-Evil,  Goodness-Badness,  Remedy- 
Bane. 

bane'-ful.  Ruinous.  Goodness-Badness,  Remedy- 
Bane. 

bang.  A  heavy  blow.  Crash-Drumming,  Impetus- 
Reaction,  Reward-Punition. 

ban'-ish.  Expel.  Admission-Expulsion,  Inclusion- 
Omission,  Reward-Punition,  Sociability-Privacy. 

ban'-ished.     Exiled.     Sociability-Privacy. 

ban'-ish-ment.  Exile.  Admission-Expulsion,  Re- 
ward-Punition, Sociability-Privacy. 

ban'-is-ter.    Baluster.    Suspension-Support. 

ban'-jo.    A  string-instrument.    Musical  Instruments. 

bank.  The  margin  of  a  river;  a  money  depository. 
Attack-Defense,  City-Country,  Labor-Capital, 
Ocean-Land,  Parallelism-Inclination,  Refuge- 
Pitfall,  Store,  Treasury;  bank  holiday,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness; Bank  of  England,  Labor- 
Capital;  bank  up,  Conservation;  sea  bank,  Ocean- 
Land. 

bank'-er.  One  who  conducts  a  bank.  Dealer, 
Treasurer. 

bank'-note.     Paper  money  issued  by  a  bank.     Money. 

batis'-rupt.     Insolvent.     Settlement-Default. 

bank'-rupt-cy.  Insolvency.  Settlement-Default, 
Success-Failure. 

banlieue  [F.]  (ban''-li-u") .  Outskirts.  Environment- 
Interposition,  Remoteness-Nearness. 

ban'-ner.  A  standard.  Sign  :  enlist  under  the  banners 
of,  Obstruction-Help;  raise  one's  banner,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation. 

ban'-ner-et.    A  little  banner.    Gentility-Democracy, 

SlSN. 

ban'-ne-rol.     A  little  flag.     Sign. 

banns.  Formal  announcement  of  intended  marriage. 
Forbid  the  banns,  Leave-Prohibition;  publish  the 
banns,  Matrimony-Celibacy,  Petition-Expostula- 
tion. 

ban'-quet.  A  feast.  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

ban"-quette\    A  foot-path  in  a  fort.    Attack-Defense. 

ban'-shee.     A  goblin.     Jove-Fiend. 


BANTAM. 


BASE. 


ban'-tam.     A  braggart.     Brawler. 

ban'-ter.     Ridicule.     Society-Derision,     Wittiness- 

Dulness. 
ban'-ter-er.     One  who  banters.     Brawler. 
bant'-ling.     A  child.      Interdependence,  Parentage- 
Progeny, 
baa'-yan.     The  Indian    fig-tree.     Excess-Lack;   ban- 
yan day,  Fasting-Gluttony. 
bap'-tism.     A  religious  ceremony.  Ceremonial,  Name- 

Misnomer. 
bap-tis'-mal.     Pertaining  to  baptism.     Ceremonial. 
Bap'-tist.     One  who  accepts  no  baptism  but  immersion. 

Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 
bap'-tis-ter-y.     A  place  for  baptizing.     Fane. 
bap'-tize.    To  christen.    Ceremonial,  Name-Misnomer. 
bar.     A  bolt;  court  of  justice;  liquor-counter.     Advo- 
cate, Aperture-Closure,  Enclosure,  Inclusion- 
Omission,      Leave-Prohibition,      Length-Short- 
ness,  Melody -Dissonance,    Obstruction -Help, 
Release-Prison,  Suspension-Support,  Tribunal; 
bar  sinister,  Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Law-Law- 
lessness, Reputation-Discredit. 

baragouin  [F.]  (bar"-a-gwan-/) .  Gibberish.  Mean- 
ing-Jargon. 

barb.  A  backward-projecting  point.  Conveyer, 
Sharpness-Bluntness;  barb  the  dart,  Pleasur- 
ableness-Painfulness. 

bar'-ba-can.     A  gun-hole  in  a  fort.     Attack-Defense. 

Bar"-ba-resque'.  Pertaining  to  Barbary.  Gentility- 
Democracy. 

bar-ba'-ri-an.  Uncivilized.  Benefactor-Evildoer, 
Gentility-Democracy. 

bar-bar'-ic.  Cruel.  Gentility-Democracy,  Taste- 
Vulgarity. 

bar'-ba-rism.  The  middle  state  of  civilization.  Gen- 
tility-Democracy, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Pur- 
ity-Crudeness,  Taste-Vulgarity,  Word-Neolgy. 

bar-bar'-i-ty.  Inhumanity.  Gentility-Democracy, 
Purity-Crudeness. 

bar'-ba-rize.  To  make  barbarous.  Gentility-Democ- 
racy. 

bar'-ba-rous.  Rude.  Charitableness-Malevolence, 
Form-Formlessness,  Gentility-Democracy,  Pur- 
ity-Crudeness. 

bar'-ba-rous-ness.    Rudeness.    Gentility-Democracy. 

barbed.    Having  barbs.    Sharpness-Bluntness. 

bar'-bi-can.    An  outwork.    Attack-Defense. 

barbouillage  [F.]  (bar-bui-yazh') .  Scribble.  "Writ- 
ing-Printing. 

bar'-con.     A  boat  or  barge.     Conveyance- Vessel. 

bard.    A  poet.    Musician,  Poetry-Prose. 

bare.  Uncovered;  empty.  Dress-Undress,  Excess- 
Lack,  Exposure-Hidingplace,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness,  Manifestation-Latency  ;  bare  bone, Breadth- 
Narrowness;  bare  faced,  Presumption-Obsequi- 
ousness; bare  foot,  Affluence-Penury,  Dress- 
Undress;  bare  headed,  Regard-Disrespect;  bare 
possibility,  Likelihood-Unlikelihood;  bare  suppo- 
sition, Hypothesis;  scud  under  bare  poles,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility. 

bare'-ness.    Nakedness.     Dress-Undress. 

bar'-gain.  Contract.  Contract,  Costliness-Cheap- 
ness, Exchange;  bargain  for,  Expectation-Sur- 
prise; bargain  and  sale,  Alienation,  Exchange; 
into  the  bargain,  Addition-Subtraction. 

barge.    A  boat.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

bar-gee'.    A  boatman.    Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

barge'-mas"-ter.  The  owner  or  manager  of  a  barge. 
Chief-Underling. 

bar'-ghest".     A  goblin.      Tove-Fiend. 

bar'-i-tone.    Deep-toned.   Resonance-Nonresonance. 

bark.  A  short  cry  made  by  a  dog  or  fox;  a  boat;  cover 
of  a  tree.  Conveyance- Vessel,  Cover-Lining, 
Cry-Ululatign,  Mixture-Homogeneity;  bark  at, 


Charitableness  -  Menace,  Uprightness  -  Dishon- 
esty; bark  worse  than  bite,  Presumption-Obsequi- 
ousness; more  bark  than  bite,  Charitableness- 
Curse. 

bar'-kan-tine.     A  sea-vessel.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

bark'-bound".  Having  a  hard  bark  which  stops  the 
growth  of  the  tree.     Release-Restraint. 

bar'-keep"-er.  One  who  serves  liquor  over  a  bar. 
Chief-Underling. 

bar'-ley-corn.  A  grain  of  barley.  Greatness-Lit- 
tleness. 

Bar'-ley-corn,  Sir  John.  A  personification  of  liquors. 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

barm.  Yeast.  Heaviness-Lightness,  Viscidity-Foam. 

bar'-mas"-ter.     A  local  judge  among  miners.     Judge. 

Bar'-me-cide.  Unreal;  one  who  gives  an  imaginary 
feast.     Fasting-Gluttony. 

bar'-mote.  An  English  court  having  jurisdiction  over 
controversies  concerning  groves,  and  the  affairs  of 
miners.     Tribunal. 

barn.    A  stable;  a  grain-house.    Dweller-Habitation. 

bar'-na-cles.    Spectacles.    Optical-Instruments. 

barn'-door-fowl".   Any  domestic  fowl.   Fauna-Flora. 

ba-rom'-e-ter.  A  weather-gage.  Mensuration,  Water- 
Air;  consult  the  barometer,  Trial. 

bar'-on.  Title  of  nobility.  Gentility-Democracy, 
Matrimony-Celibacy  ;  baron  of  the  exchange,  J  udge  ; 
court  baron,  Tribunal. 

bar'-on-et.  Next  lower  in  rank  to  a  baron.  Gentil- 
ity-Democracy. 

bar'-on-et-cy.  The  rank  of  a  baronet.  Gentility- 
Democracy. 

ba-ro'-ni-al.  Relating  to  a  barony.  Selfrespect- 
Humbleness. 

bar'-on-ry.     The  estate  of  a  baron.     Property. 

baroque  [F.]  (ba-roc')-  Outlandish.  Society  -  Ludi- 
crousness. 

bar'-o-scope.    A  kind  of  barometer.    Water-Air. 

ba-rouche'.    A  carriage.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

barque.     A  boat.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

bar'-rack.     A  soldier  lodge.     Dweller-Habitation. 

bar-ra-coon'.     A  slave  pen.     Attack-Defense. 

bar'-ra-try.  Fraud  committed  by  mariners.  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

barred.     Closed.     Crossing,  Variegation. 

bar'-rel.  A  cask.  Contents-Receiver,  Roundness; 
barrel  organ,  Musical  Instruments. 

bar'-ren.     Unfruitful.     Fertility-Sterility. 

bar'-ren-ness.     Unfruitfulness.      Fertility-Sterility. 

bar-ri-cade' .  A  fortification.  Attack-Defense,  En- 
closure, Obstruction-Help,  Release-Prison. 

bar'-ri-er.  A  defense.  Attack-Defense,  Enclosure, 
Obstruction-Help,  Release-Prison. 

bar'-ring.  Except ;  keeping  out.  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion, Conventionality-Unconventionality,  In- 
clusion-Omission, Obstruction-Help;  barring  out, 
Insubordination  -  Obedience,  Reprisal  -  Resist- 
ance. 

bar'-ris-ter.  A  lawyer.  Advocate;  revising  barrister, 
Judge. 

bar'-row.  A  mound;  hand-carriage.  Conveyance- 
Vessel,  Funeral,  Height-Lowness. 

bar'-tend"-er.     A  barkeeper.     Chief-Underling. 

bar'-ter.  To  exchange.  Alienation,  Commutation- 
Permutation,  Exchange, Interdependence. 

bar'-ti-zan.     A  turret.     Architecture. 

bar'-way".     A  way  closed  by  bars.     Entrance-Exit. 

bar'-y-tone.  Amalevoice.  Resonance-Nonresonance. 

bas'-bleu  [F.]  (ba"-blu').  A  literary  woman.  Schol- 
ar-Dunce, Society-Affectation. 

base.  Mean;  the  bottom.  Architecture,  Bravery- 
Cowardice,  Gentility-Democracy,  Goodness- 
Badness,  Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit,    Suspension-Support,     Top-Bot- 


BASE. 


90 


BAY. 


tom,  Uprightness-Dishonesty,  Virtue-Vice;  base 
bcrn,  Gentility-Democracy;  base  coin,  Money; 
baseminded,  Uprightness-Dishonesty;  base  note, 
Resonance-Nonresonance;  base  of  operation, 
Attack-Defense,  Design,  Musical  Instruments. 

base'-ball".     A  game.     Entertainment- Weariness. 

bas'-e-lard.     A  dagger.     Weapon. 

base'-ness.  Turpitude.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Repu- 
tation-Discredit, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

based.  Supported.  Based  on.  Evidence-Coun- 
terevidence. 

base'-less.  Without  foundation.  Entity-Nonentity, 
Substance-Nullity. 

base'-ment.  Cellar.  Contents-Receiver,  Height- 
Lowness,  Top-Bottom. 

ba-shaw'.  A  Turkish  ruler.  Chief-Underling, 
Harshness-Mildness. 

bash'-ful.     Shy.     Conceit-Diffidence. 

bashi-bazouk  [Turk.]  (bash"-i-ba-zuk') .  A  skirmisher. 
Belligerent. 

ba-sil'-i-ca.     A  church.     Fane. 

bas'-i-lisk.  A  fabulous  serpent.  Good  man-Bad  man, 
Rule-License,  Sight-Blindness,  Weapon. 

ba'-sin.  A  small  vessel  to  hold  water.  Contents- 
Receiver,  Convexity-Concavity,  Dweller-Hab- 
itation, Geology,  Gulf-Lake. 

ba'-sis.  Foundation.  Preparation-Nonpreparation, 
Suspension-Support,  Top-Bottom. 

bask.  To  lie  in  warmth.  Heat-Cold,  Pleasure-Pain, 
Sensuality-Suffering,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

bas'-ket.  A  receptacle  made  of  twigs.  Contents- 
Receiver;  basket  of,  Contents-Receiver. 

bas'-re-lief".  Sculpture,  whose  figures  extend  only  a 
little  above  the  base.  Convexity-Concavity, 
Sculpture. 

bass.  Low;  deep  musical  note.  Music,  Musical  In- 
struments, Resonance-Nonresonance. 

bass'-drum".  A  musical  instrument.  Musical  In- 
struments. 

bas'-set-horn.  A  kind  of  clarionet.  Musical  In- 
struments. 

bas'-si-net.  A  basket  resembling  and  used  for  a  cradle. 
Contents-Receiver. 

bas-soon'.  A  musical  wind-instrument.  2«1usical  In- 
struments. 

basso— prof  undo  [It.]  (bas'-so-pro-f  un'-do) .  The  lowest 
bass.     Resonance-Nonresonance. 

basso— rilievo  [It.]  (bas'-so— ri-lye'-vo) .  Bas-relief.  Con- 
vexity-Concavity, Sculpture. 

bass'-vi"-ol.  A  stringed  instrument  resembling  a  vio- 
lin, used  for  playing  a  bass  part.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

bas'-tard.  A  spurious  child;  base.  Dueness-Undue- 
ness,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

baste.     To   beat;    sew.     Impetus-Reaction,    Recom- 

PENSE-PUNITION. 

Bas-tile'.   An  ancient  prison  in  Paris.    Release-Prison. 
bas-ti-na'-do.     A  beating  with  a  stick.     Recompense- 

PUNITION. 

bast'-ion.  A  mound  of  earth  extending  out  from  a 
rampart.     Attack-Defense. 

bas-ton'.     Molding.     Architecture. 

bat.     A.  club.     Impetus-Reaction,  Weapon. 

batch.  Quantity  of  anything  made  at  one  time. 
Gathering-Scattering,  Quantity-Measure. 

bate.  Lessen.  Addition-Subtraction,  Increase- 
Decrease,  Price-Discount. 

ba-teau'.  A  long  light  river-boat.  Conveyance-Vessel. 

bated-breath.  Low.  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Ex- 
pectation-Surprise, Humbleness,  Loudness- 
Faintness,Self-respect,Vocalization-Muteness. 

bath.  Act  of  bathing.  Injection-Ejection,  Water- 
Air;  bath-room,  Contents-Receiver;  warm-bath, 
Oven-Refrigerator. 


bath'-chair.     A    hand-chair    for    invalids.     Convkv- 

ance-Vessel. 

bathe.  To  wash  in  a  bath.  Injection-Ejection, 
Spring-Dive,  Water-Air. 

ba-thom'-e-ter.  An  instrument  for  taking  deep-sea 
soundings.     Mensuration. 

ba'-thos.  Anticlimax.  Adage-Nonsense,  Society- 
Ludicrousness. 

bat'-man.  A  man  in  charge  of  a  horse  carrying  heavy 
military  baggage.     Provision- Waste. 

ba-ton'.    A  staff.    Impetus-Reaction,  Scepter. 

bat'-ta.    Extrapay  to  troops.     Recompense-Punition. 

bat-tal'-ia.     Order  of  battle.     Belligerent. 

bat-tal'-ion.     A  division  of  an  army.     Belligerent. 

bat'-ten.     To  feast.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

bat'-ter.  Dough;  to  beat  down.  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Impetus-Reaction. 

bat'-ter-ed.  Beaten.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Weariness-Refreshment. 

batterie  de  cuisine  [F.]  (bat-ri'  de  cwi-zin').  Kitchen 
utensils.     Fasting-Gluttony. 

bat'-ter-ing-ram.  An  engine  for  battering  down  walls. 
Impetus-Reaction,  Weapon. 

bat'-ter-ing-train.     A  train  of  siege-guns.     Weapon. 

bat'-ter-y.  A  raised  work  for  cannon.  Belligerent, 
Electricity,  Weapon;  floating  battery,  Belliger- 
ent; plant  a  battery,  Attack-Defense. 

bat'-tle.  A  fight.  Fighting-Conciliation,  Strife- 
Peace  ;  battle  array,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Organ- 
ization-Disorganization, Preparation-Nonprep- 
aration ;battle-ax,WEAPON;  battle-cry,  Sign;  battle- 
field, Lists;  battle-ground,  Lists, Variance-Accord; 
battle-ship,  Belligerent;  battle  with,  Antagonism- 
Concurrence,  Fighting-Conciliation;  half  the 
battle,  Consequence- Insignificance,  Success- 
Failure;   win  the  battle,  Success-Failure. 

bat'-tle-dore"-and-shut'-tle-cock".  A  flat  bat ;  a  game. 
Commutation  -  Permutation,  Entertainment - 
Weariness. 

bat'-tle-ment.  An  indented  parapet.  Architecture, 
Attack-Defense,  Indentation. 

bat-tol'-o-gize.     To  repeat.     Recurrence. 

bat-tol'-o-gy.  Repetition.  Recurrence,  Terseness- 
Prolixity. 

baitre  la  campagne  [F.]  (batr  la  can'-pany').  To  beat 
the  bush.  Adage-Nonsense,  Excitability-Inex- 
citability,  Terseness-Prolixity. 

baitre  la  gtnerale  [F.]  (batr  la  zhe-nS-ral') .  To  beat 
the  general.     Alarm. 

battre  I'eau  avec  un  baton  [F.]  (batr  lo  a-vec'  un" 
ba-ton'') .     To  beat  the  water  with  a  stick.     Useful- 

NESS-USELESSNESS. 

baitre  le  jer  sur  I'enclume  [F.]  (batr  le  far  sur  Ian* 
cliim') .  To  beat  the  iron  on  the  anvil.  Opportune 
ness-Unsuitableness. 

battre,  ne  que  d'une  aile  [F.]  (batr,  ne  ke  dun  el) .  The 
affair  is  in  a  bad  way.     Activity-Indolence. 

battre,  se  contre  des  moulins  [F.]  (batr,  se  con'tr  da 
mu-lan'').  To  fight  against  bugbears.  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness. 

battue  [F.]  (ba-tu').  The  driving  of  game  from  cover 
Attack-Defense,  Quest-Evasion. 

bau'-ble.  A  trinket.  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Entertainment-Weariness. 

ba-var"-dage'.  Idle  chatter.  Meaning-Jargon, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

bawd.     A  procuress.     Purity-Rake. 

bawd'-y-house".  A  house  of  ill-repute.  Purity-Im- 
purity. 

bawl.     Wail.     Cry-Ululation. 

bawn.     An  enclosure.     Dweller-Habitation. 

bay.  An  inlet ;  to  bark.  Convexity-Concavity,  Cry- 
Ululation,  Gray-Brown,  Gulf-Lake;  at  bay 
Attack-Defense;  Difficulty-Facility,  Reprisal- 


BAY. 


91 


BEATIFIC. 


Resistance,  Security-Insecurity;  bay  the  moon, 
Cry-Ululation,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  bring 
to  bay,  Attack-Defense. 

ba"-ya-dere' .  A  dancing  girl  of  Hindustan.  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 

bay'-ard.      A  hand-barrow;  ahorse.     Conveyer. 

bayer  aux  corneilles  [F.]  (be-ye' o  cor-neiy') .  To  gape 
at  the  crowd.     Reflection-Vacancy. 

bay'-o-net.  A  dagger-like  weapon  attached  to  a  gun. 
Attack-Defense,  Life-Killing,  Weapon;  at  the 
point  of  the  bayonet,  Coercion,  Fighting-Concili- 
ation, Harshness-Mildness,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness; crossed  bayonets,  Antagonism-Concurrence. 

bays.     A  cloth.     Trophy-Title. 

bay  win'-dow.      Projecting  window.     Architecture. 

ba-zaar'.     A  fancy  fair.     Market. 

B.  C.     Before  Christ.      Duration-Neverness. 

be.  Exist.  Entity-Nonentity;  be  all  and  end  all, 
Consequence  -  Insignificance,  Purpose- Luck, 
Whole-Part;  be  it  so,  Assent-Dissent,  Consent; 
be  off,  Admissiqn-Expulsion,  Arrival-Departure, 
Observance-Nonobservance,  Quest-Evasion;  be 
that  as  it  may,  Compensation. 

beach.     A  sandy  shore.     Ocean-Land. 

bea'-con.     A  signal  fire.     Sign,  Warning. 

bead.     A  perforated  ball.     Roundness. 

bead'-house".  A  pay-hospital  or  almshouse.  Dwel- 
ler-Habitation. 

bea'-dle.  A  court  officer;  petty  town  official.  Clergy- 
Laity,  Judicature,  Perforator-Stopper. 

bea'-dle-dom.      Petty  officialism.     Rule-License. 

bead' -roll".  A  rosary.  Devotion-Idolatry,  Ministry- 
Laity,  Record. 

beads.  A  rosary.  Tell  one's  beads,  Ceremonial,  Wor- 
ship-Idolatry. 

beads'-man.  A  resident  of  an  almshouse.  Chief- 
Underling,  Ministry-Laity. 

beads'- wom"-an.    An  almswoman.    Chief-Underling. 

bea'-gle.     A  hound.     Fauna-Flora. 

beak.  The  bill  of  a  bird;  prow  of  a  ship.  Anteriority- 
Posteriority,  Convexity-Concavity,  Judge. 

beak'-er.  A  wide-mouthed  goblet;  a  chemical  vessel. 
Chemistry,  Contents-Receiver. 

beam.  Ray  of  light;  a  bar;  to  shine.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Heaviness-Lightness,  Light-Darkness,  Sus- 
pension-Support ;  on  beam  ends,  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance, Erectness-Flatness,  Laterality-Con- 
traposition,  Might-Impotence,  Success-Failure. 

beam'-ing.  Shining.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Light-Dark- 
ness. 

beam'-y.     Radiant.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

bear.  Sustain;  produce;  suffer;  press.  Emotion,  Ex- 
citability -  Inexcitability,  Possibility  -  Impossi- 
bility, Suspension-Support,  Transfer;  bear  a 
hand,  Action-Passiveness;  bear  a  sense,  Meaning- 
Jargon;  bear  away,  Taking-Restitution;  bear 
away  the  bell,  Goodness-Badness,  Success-Fail- 
ure; bear  company,  Duality;  bear  down,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness; bear  down  upon,  Attack-De- 
fense; bear  false  witness,  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Truthfulness-Falsehood;  bear  fruit,  Crea- 
tion-Destruction, Success-Failure,  Usefulness- 
Uselessness,  Welfare-Misfortune;  bear  hard 
upon,  Goodness-Badness;  bear  harmless,  Attack- 
Defense;  bear  ill,  Excitability-Inexcitability; 
bear  off,  Aim-Aberration,  Taking-Restitution; 
bear  on,  Suspension-Support;  bear  out,  Evidence- 
Counterevidence,  Justification-Charge;  bear 
pain,  Pleasure-Pain;  bear  the  brunt,  Attack-De- 
fense, Difficulty-Facility,  Excitability-Inex- 
citability; bear  the  burden,  Occupation;  bear  the 
palm,  Supremacy-Subordinacy;  bear  through,  Ob- 
struction-Help; bear  up,  Alleviation-Aggrava- 
tion.   Approach-Withdrawal,    Bravery-Coward- 


ice, Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Persistence- 
Whim;  bear  up  against,  Bravery-Cowardice,  Re- 
prisal-Resistance; bear  upon,  Connection-Inde- 
pendence, Dominance-Impotence,  Harmony-Dis- 
cord; bear  with,  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Harshness-Mildness,  Leave-Prohibition,  Par- 
don-Vindictiveness;  bring  to  bear,  Use-Disuse; 
more  than  flesh  and  blood  can  bear,  Excitation; 
unable  to  bear,  Desire-Distaste,  Excitability- 
Inexcitability. 

bear.  A  wild  beast ;  depressor  of  stocks.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence, Labor-Capital,  Politeness- 
Impoliteness;  bear-garden,  Lists,  Regularity- 
Irregularity,  Variance-Accord;  bear-leader,  In- 
structor-Pupil; bear-pit,  Domestication-Agri- 
culture; bearskin,  Dress-Undress;  had  it  been  a 
bear  it  would  have  bitten  you,  Heed-Disregard. 

bear'-a-ble.     Tolerable.     Faultlessness-Faultiness. 

beard.  The  hair  on  a  man's  face;  to  meet  face  to  face. 
Bravery-Cowardice,  Defiance,  Lamina-Fiber, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Siiarpness-Blunt- 
ness,  Smoothness-Roughness;  pluck  by  the  beard, 
Regard-Disrespect. 

beard'-less.     Without  a  beard.     Infancy-Age. 

bear'-er.     Carrier.     Conveyer. 

bear'-ing.  Endurance;  deportment;  connection;  appli- 
cation. Aim-Aberration,  Conduct,  Connection- 
Independence,  Meaning-Jargon,  Suspension-Sup- 
port; bearing-rein,  Release-Prison. 

bear'-ings.  General  tendency;  mien;  producing.  Con- 
dition-Situation, Position,  Sign. 

bear'-ish.    Surly.    Favorite-Moroseness. 

bear'-ish-ness.    Roughness.    Favorite-Moroseness. 

beast.  An  animal;  a  brutal  person.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Fauna-Flora,  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness; beast  of  burden,  Agent,  Conveyer. 

beast-ly.     Brutish.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

beat.  Strike;  excel;  surpass;  throb.  Agitation, 
Crash-Drumming,  Extension-District,  Friabil- 
ity, Impetus-Reaction,  Occupation,  Periodicity- 
Irregularity,  Recompense-Punition,  Success- 
Failure,  Supremacy-Subordinacy,  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming,  Way,  Vibration;  beat  about,  Mid- 
course-Circuit,  Trial  ;  beat  about  the  bush,  Mid- 
course-Circuit,  Ratiocination-Instinct,  Terse- 
ness-Prolixity, Trial,  Truthfulness-Falsehood; 
beat  against,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Coopera- 
tion-Opposition; beat  a  retreat,  Advance-Ret- 
rogression, Quest- Evasion,  Yielding;  beat 
down,  Creation-Destruction,  Exchange,  Ex- 
travagance-Avarice, Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness; beat  into,  Education-Misteaching;  beat  of 
drum,  Alarm,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Musician, 
Order,  Pomp,  Publicity;  beat  off,  Attack-De- 
fense; beat  one's  breast,  Jubilation-Lamentation; 
beat  the  air,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  beat  time, 
Chronology-Anachronism,  Musician;  beat  up,  Vis- 
cidity-Foam; beat  up  against,  Antagonism-Con- 
currence; beat  up  for,  Provision-Waste;  beat  up 
for  recruits,  Obstruction-Help,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation;  beat  up  one's  quarters,  Investigation- 
Answer,  Sociability-Privacy;  without  beat  of  drum, 
Conceit-Diffidence,  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

beat'-en- track" .  Usual  course.  PIabit-Desuetude, 
Way;  leave  the  beaten  track,  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality;  tread  the  beaten  track,  Con- 
vention ality-Unconventionality. 

beati  [L.]  (bi-e'-tai).  The  happy,  medium  tenuere 
beaii  [L.]  mi'-di-um  ten-yu-i'-ri  bi-e'-tai) .  The  happy 
hold  the  middle  course.  Medium,  Midcourse-Cir- 
cuit. 

be-at'-ic.     Ecstatic.     Pleasure-Pain. 

be"-a-tif'-ic  Blissful.  Heaven-Hell,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness. 


BEATIFICATION. 


92 


BEAUTY— UGLINESS. 


6e-at"-i-fi-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  blessing.  Godliness- 
Ungodliness. 

be-at'-i-fied.    Made  happy.     Emotion. 

beat-'ing  high,  the  heart.     Excited.     Excitation. 

be-at'-i-tude.    Supreme  felicity.    Pleasure-Pain. 

beau  [F.]  (bo).  A  lover;  a  fop.  Love-Hate,  Male- 
Female,  Society-Dandy. 

beau' -cat ch"-er.  A  small  flat  curl  worn  by  women  on 
the  temple.  Circle-Winding,  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement. 

beau"-i-de'«al.  Highest  type  of  beauty  or  excellence. 
BbaUi /-Ugliness,  Faultlessness-Faultiness. 


beau  monde  [F.]  (bo  mon'd).  The  fashionable  world. 
Society-Ludicrousness. 

beau'-te-ous.    Lovely.    Beauty-Ugliness. 

beau'-ti-fied.  Adorned.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment,  Simplicity-Floridness. 

beau'-ti-ful.  Lovely.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Propor- 
tion-Deformity. 

beau'-ti-fy.  To  adorn.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Embel* 
lishment-Disfigurement. 

beau'-ti-fy"-ing.     Adorning.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

beau'-ti-less.     without  beauty.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

beau'-ty.     Loveliness.     Beauty-Ugliness. 


BEAUTY— UGLINESS. 


Beauty.     That  quality  of  objects  that  appeals  to  and  gratifies  the 

esthetic  faculty. 
Beauty  unadorned.     Native  beauty  without  decorations. 
Belle  toumure   [F.].     Beautiful  form. 
Bloom.     A  state  of  development  into  beauty. 
Brilliancy.     Glitter. 

Callesthetics.     The  science  of  the  perception  of  beauty. 
Charm.     The  power  to  p/ease  or  allure. 

Comeliness.     Quality  of  being  pleasing  in  person  or  manner. 
Concinnity.     Internal  fitness  of  parts. 

Decoration,  etc.     External  embellishment.     See  Embellishment. 
Delicacy.     State  of  being  delicate. 
Elegance.     State  of  being  elegant. 
Fairness.     The  quality  of  being  fair. 
Form.     Outward  appearance. 
Gloss.     Brightness  of  surface. 

Good  looks!  '  Quality  of  beine  Phasing  in  appearance. 

Gorgeousness.     State  of  being  gorgeous. 

Grace.     Beauty  or  harmony  of  attitude;  ease  or  elegance  of  speech. 

Je  ne  sais  quoi   [F.].     I  know  not  what;  indefinable  charm. 

he  beau  ideal    [P  ].     The  ideal  of  beauty. 

Magnificence.     State  of  being  magnificent  or  grand  in  appearance. 

Pleasurableness.     State  or  quality  of  giving  pleasure.     See  Pleasur- 

ABLENESS. 

Polish.     Refinement  of  manners. 
Pulchritude.     Physical  beauty  or  charm. 
Radiance.     Quality  of  being  radiant  or  brilliant. 
Refinement.     Delicacy  of  manners;  freedom  from  coarseness. 
Splendor.     Pomp;  magnificence. 
Style.     Mode  of  action  approved  as  elegant. 
Sublimification.     Act  of  making  sublime  or  beautiful. 
Sublimity.     State  of  being  sublime 

Symmetry,  etc.     Mutual  adaptation  or  correspondence  of  parts,  etc. 
See  Proportion. 

Beauty — Denotations. 

Adonis.     A  youth  beloved  of  Venus  for  his  beauty. 

Antinous.     Favorite  of  the  Emperor  Hadrian. 

Apollo.     One  of  the  great  gods  of  the  Greeks,  whose  figure  is  regarded 
as  the  most  perfect  representation  of  youthful  manhood. 

Bijou  [F.].     A  jewel. 

Butterfly.     An  insect  having  beautifully  colored  wings. 

Cupid.     The  god  of  love,  represented  as  a  beautiful  winged  boy. 

Flower.     A  plant  bearing  beautifully  colored  blossoms. 

F»ow*ret  gay.     A  colored  flower. 

Flower    f.     The  best  or  choicest  of. 

Garden      A  place  where  flowers  are  cultivated. 

Hebe.     The  goddess  of  youth. 

Houri.     One  of  the  beautiful  damsels  who,  according  to  the  Moslem 
faith,  dwell  in  paradise. 

Hyperion.     The  sun-god,  th»  incarnation  of  ligh*.  and  beauty. 

Jewel.     Anything  beautiful  or  precious. 

Lily.     A  beautiful  snow-white  flower. 

narcissus.     A  youth  fabled  to  have  fallen  in  love  with  his  own  reflec- 
tion and  changed  into  the  flower  of  the  same  name. 

Peacock.     A  fowl  noted  for  its  brilliant  plumage. 

Peri.     A  fairy  or  elf. 

Pink  of.     The  most  beautiful  part  of. 

Rose.     A  variety  of  beautifully  colored  flowers. 

Th6  beautiful.     The  ideal  of  beauty. 

The  Graces.     Three  goddesses  embodying  grace,  beauty,  and  joy. 

Venus.     Goddess  of  love  and  beauty. 

Work  of  art.     A  masterpiece  of  beauty. 

Beauty — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Beautifying.     The  act  of  making  beautiful. 

Calisthenics.     The  scie\ce  of  oodiV  exercise  for  the  promotion  of 
beauty  and  strength 


Acomia.     Absence  of  hair. 

Deformity.     Having  an  unnatural  form. 

Disfigurement,  etc.     See  Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

Distortion.  State  of  being  twisted  out  of  the  right  shape.  See 
Proportion-Deformity. 

Forbidding  aspect.     Repulsive  appearance 

Forbidding  countenance.     Unpleasant  or  repulsive  appearance 

Hanging  look.  A  look  which  should  bespeak  the  halter  for  its  pos- 
sessor. 

Inconcinnity.     Lack  of  internal  fitness.     . 

Inelegance.     Lack  of  grace  or  refinement. 

Squalor,  etc.  The  state  of  being  filthy,  etc  See  Cleanness- 
Filthiness, 

Ugliness.     The  quality  of  being  ugly  or  unsightly. 

Vinegar  aspect.    A  sour  look. 

Want  of  symmetry. 

Wry  face.     A  distorted  expression. 

Ugliness — Denotations- 
JEsop.     The  writer  of  ^sop's  fables,  said  to  have  been  ugly  and 

misshapen 
Baboon.     An  ugly  species  of  monkey. 
Caliban.     An  uncouth  monster  in  Shakespeare's  Tempest 
Eyesore.     Anything  ugly  or  repulsive  in  appearance. 
Figure.     The  appearance  that  a  person  or  his  conduct  makes 
Fright.     Anything  very  repulsive  in  appearance. 
Hag,     An  ugly  old  woman. 
Harridan.     An  ill-tempered  old  woman. 
Monster.     Anything  hideous. 
Object.     Anything  that  attracts  attention  on  account  of  its  unusuai 

appearance. 
Satyr.     An  ugly  woodland  deity  of  the  Greeks. 

Scarecrow.     An  object  set  up  to  frighten  birds  from  growing  crops 
Sight.     Something  strange  or  remarkable 
Specter.     A  phantom  of  the  dead. 
Toad.     An  ugly  amphibious  animal. 
Witch.     An  ugly,  malignant  old  woman. 

Ugliness — Verbs 
Be  ugly,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Blemish.     To  mar.    See  Betterment-Deterioration 
Deface.     To  mar  the  external  appearance. 

jy  Jr^    '  | To  change  for  the  worse  the  figure 

Distort.     To  twist  out  of  shape. 

Grin  horrible  a  ghastly  smile.     [Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  ii,  846.} 

Look  ill.     To  be  displeasing  to  the  sight;  to  look  sick. 

Make  faces.     Grimace. 

Render  ugly.      Disfigure. 

Soil,     To  make  dirty. 

Ugliness — Adjectives. 
Awkward.     Lacking  grace  in  bearing. 
Bald.     Devoid  of  hair. 
Beautiless.     Lacking  beauty. 
Cadaverous.     Looking  like  a  human  corpse. 
Clumsy.     Devoid  of  grace  or  dexterity. 

Crooked,  etc.     Not  straight,  etc.     See  Proportion-Deformitt 
Curtailed  of  its  fair  proportions. 
Death-like.     Looking  like  death. 

Dingy,  etc.     Dusky  in  color,  etc.     See  Color-Achromatism. 
Discolored.     Changed  in  color. 

Disfigured,  etc.     Marred  as  to  figure,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Dumpy,  etc.     Short  and  thick,  etc.    See  Length -Shortness. 
Evil-favored.     Not  having  a  good  appearance. 
Forbidding.     Repulsive  in  appearance. 
Foul,  etc.     Loathsome  to  the  senses,  etc.     See  Cleanness-Filth*. 

NESS. 

Frightful.     Causing  alarm. 


BEAUTY. 


93 


UGLINESS. 


BEAUTY— UGLINESS— Continued 


BEAUTY— Nouns  op  Cause — Continued. 

Landscape  gardening.     The  art  of  laying  out  grounds  so  as  to  produce 

an  artistic  effect. 

Beauty — Verbs. 
Beam.     To  give  forth  rays  of  light. 
Beautify.     To  make  beautiful. 
Be  beautiful.     See  Adjectives. 

Become  one.     To  look  well  on  a  person.     See  Harmony. 
Bloom.     Tq  display  health  and  vigor. 
Burnish.     To  make  smooth  and  bright. 

Gild     To  heighten  the  beauty  of.     See  Simplicity-Floridnbss 
Grace.     To  honor  by  an  act  of  favor. 
Polish.     To  rub  off  the  coarseness. 
Render  beautiful. 
Set  off.     To  adorn. 
Set  out.     To  embellish. 
Shine.     To  appear  bright. 
Snatch  a  grace  beyond  the  reach  of  art.     [Pope,  Essay  on  Criticism, 

i.  152.] 

Beauty — Adjectives. 
/Esthetic.     Relating  to  beauty      See  Esthetic. 
A  t'  r"  al  1  ^n  accoro^  with  the  rules  of  art. 
Attractive,  etc.     Having  power  to  attract,  etc.     See  Motive. 
Beaming.     Giving  forth  light. 
Beamy.     Radiant. 
Beauteous.     Full  of  beauty. 
Beautiful.     Possessing  great  beauty. 

Becoming,  etc.     Fitting;  suitable  to,  etc.     See  Harmony 
Blooming.     Having  beauty  and  vigor. 
Bonny.     Possessing  homelike  beauty. 
Bright-eyed.     Having  brilliant  eyes;  hence  beautiful. 
Brilliant.     Resplendent  with  luster. 
Cherry-cheeked.      Having  red  cheeks. 
Comely.     Handsome. 
Curious.     Skilfully  wrought. 
Dainty.     Of  delicate  structure. 
Dapper.     Trim  in  appearance. 
Dazzling.     Exciting  admiration  by  display. 
Delicate.     Of  refined  and  gentle  nature. 
Elegant.     Having  acquired  grace  and  beauty. 

Enchanting.     Having  power  to  fascinate.     See  Pleasurableness. 
Esthetic.     Relating  to  beauty;  artistic. 
Fair.     Agreeable  to  the  sight. 
Fait  a  peindre  [F.].     Picturesque. 
Fine.     Finished;  hence  beautiful. 
Fit  to  be  seen.      Pleasing  or  fitted  to  the  sight. 
Gimp.     Smart. 
Glossy.     Smooth  and  bright. 
Glowing.     Shining  with  intense  heat. 
Good  looking.     Handsome. 
Goodly.     Of  agreeable  appearance. 
Gorgeous.     Making  a  great  show. 
Graceful.     Exhibiting  beauty  of  action. 
Grand.     Imposing  on  account  of  vastness 
Handsome.     Admirable;   pleasing  in  appearance. 
Harmonious.     Symmetrical.     See  Color. 
In  full  bloom.     At  the  height  of  beauty. 

y a  .  \'    \  Of  an  affected  manner. 

Jimp.      Handsome. 

Lovely.     Inspiring  love. 

Magnificent.     Of  imposing  appearance. 

Natty.     Neat. 

Neat.     Free  from  disorder. 

Not  amiss.      Pretty  fair. 

Ornamental.     Serving  to  ornament. 

Passable.     Fairly  good  looking. 

Personable.     Having  a  handsome  person. 

Pictorial.      Like  a  picture. 

Picturesque.      Having  the  kind  of  beauty  that  is  pleasing  in  a  picture, 

Pretty.     Possessing  delicate  or  diminutive  beauty. 

Proper.     Of  a  correct  or  becoming  appearance. 

Quaint.     Curiously  fashioned. 

Refined.     Having  a  delicate  polish. 

Resplendent.      Refulgent  with  bright  luster. 

Rich.     Highly  endowed  with  beauty. 

Rosy.     Like  a  rose  in  color. 

Rosy-cheeked.      Ruddy. 

Ruddy.      Reddish  in  color,  indicating  health. 

Seemly.     Becoming  in  appearance. 

Shapely.     Having  a  good  form. 


UGLINESS— Adjectives — Continued. 

Gaudy,  etc.     Showy,  etc.     See  Color. 

Gaunt,  etc.      Emaciated   in   looks,    etc.      See    Bheadi ii -Narrow 

ness. 
Gawky.     Ungainly  in  appearance. 
Ghastly.     Having  a  ghost-like  appearance. 
Ghost-like.     Resembling  a  ghost. 
Graceless.     Lacking  grace. 
Grim.     Having  a  forbidding  aspect. 
Grim-faced.      \  ,.  .  ,   ,       ,,  . 

Grira-visaged.  I  Ugly  and  dreadfuI- 
Grisly.     Frightful;  fear-inspiring. 
Gross.     Not  refined. 
Gruesome.     Horrid. 
Haggard.     Having  wasted  features. 
Hard-favored.     Not  good  looking. 
Hard-featured.     Possessing  unattractive  features. 
Hard-visaged.     Having  a  harsh  expression. 
Hideous.     Frightful  to  look  upon. 

Homely,  etc.     Not  handsome.     See  Embellishment-Simplicity. 
Horrible.     Exciting  fear  or  dreads 
Horrid.     Fitted  to  awaken  horror. 

HulkyI!g'}Clumsy- 

Ill-favored.     Lacking  beauty. 

Ill-looking.     Ugly. 

Ill-made.     Not  well  formecV. 

Ill-proportioned.     In  bad  proportion. 

Ill-shaped.     Poorly  shaped. 

Inartistic.     Not  according  to  the  standards  of  art. 

Inelegant.     Not  elegant. 

Lumbering.     Clumsy. 

Lumping.     Possessing  great  bulk. 

Lumpish.     Lacking  in  motive  power. 

Misproportioned.     Out  of  proportion. 

Misshapen.     Badly  formed. 

Monstrous.     Of  extraordinary  ugliness. 

Not  fit  to  be  seen. 

Odious.     Exciting  disgust. 

Ordinary.     Undistinguished  for  beauty. 

Plain.     Devoid  of  adornment. 

Repellent.     Tending  to  repel. 

Repulsive.     Exciting  dislike,  disgust,  horror,  etc. 

Rickety.     Shaky;  tottering. 

Rough.     Void  of  refinement;  rude. 

Rude.     Lacking  polish,  refinement  cr  delicacy. 

Rugged.     Unkempt;  disordered. 

Seemless.     Not  becoming. 

Shapeless,  etc.     Void  of  regular  form,  etc.     See  Form-Formles* 

NESS. 

Shocking,  etc.     Very  repulsive,  etc.     See  Pleasurableness-Pain- 

fulness. 
Sightless.     Repulsive  to  the  eye. 
Slouching.     Having  an  ungainly  manner. 
Squalid.     Loathsome  to  the  sight  on  account  of  filth. 
Stiff.     Starched,  constrained. 
Ugly.     Not  beautiful. 
Ugly  as  a  dead  monkey.  ] 
Ugly  as  a  scarecrow.         I  «   .  .         . 

Ugly  as  a  toad.  Extremely  ugly. 

Ugly  as  sin. 

Unbeauteous.     Not  beauteous. 

Unbeautiful.     Lacking  beauty. 

Uncanny.     Devoid  of  pleasing  qualities. 

Uncomely.     Not  comely. 

Uncouth.     Characterized  by  awkwardness. 

Ungainly.     Lacking  dexterity  or  skill. 

Ungraceful.     Not  graceful. 

Unlovely.     Exciting  dislike. 

Unornamental.     Not  ornamental. 

Unprepossessing.     Not  inviting  favor  or  confidence. 

Unseemly.     Not  becoming. 

Unshapely.     Having  a  bad  form. 

Unsightly.     Not  pleasing  to  the  sight. 

Unwieldy.     Not  easily  managed  on  account  of  bulk. 

Ugliness — Phrases. 

Monstrum  horrendum,  informet  ingens,  cui  lumen  ademptum  f_L  &  A 
horrid  monster,  ill-formed,  gigantic,  blind.  [Virgil,  JEneid\  til 
658.] 

Spret&  injuria  jormm  [L.].     The  insult  of  slighted  beauty. 


BEAUTY. 


94 


BEFOUL. 


BEAUTY — Adjectives — Continued. 


Shining.     Conspicuous  for  pleasing  qualities. 

Showy.     Of  an  appearance  that  attracts  attention. 

Sightly.     Pleasing  to  look  upon. 

Sleek.     Smooth;  glossy. 

Smart.     Sprucely  dressed;  showy. 

Sparkling.     Very  bright. 

Specious.     Pleasing  to  the  view. 

Splendid.     Of  an  imposing  appearance. 

Spotless,  etc.     Without  blemish,  etc.     See  Faultlessness. 

Spruce.     Neat  and  trim  in  appearance. 

Sublime.     Awe-inspiring  and  elevating. 

Superb.     Possessing  impressive  beauty. 

Symmetrical,  etc.     Having  symmetry,  etc.     See  Proportion. 

Vedi  Napoli,  e  pot  muori  [It.].     See  Naples,  and  die. 


Tidy.     Distinguished  by  neatness. 

Tight.     Neat. 

Tricksy.     Crafty;  artful. 

Trim.     Nicely  adjusted. 

Undefaced.     Not  marred. 

TJndeformed.     Of  a  good  form. 

Unspotted.      Without  spot  or  blemish. 

Well-composed.     Of  good  carriage. 

Well-favured.     Endowed  with  beauty. 

Well-formed.     Having  a  good  form. 

Well-grouped.     Nicely  arranged. 

Well-proportioned.     Having  a  symmetrical  form. 

Well-varied.     Presenting  a  pleasing  diversity. 


Beauty — Phrase. 


bea'-ver.  A  small  rat-like  animal;  a  hat  made  of  its 
fur.     Dress-Undress. 

be-calm'.     To  make  still.     Movement-Rest. 

be-calmed'.    Stilled.    Movement-Rest. 

be-cause'.  For;  since.  Cause-Effect,  Investiga- 
tion-Answer, Motive-Caprice,  Ratiocination- 
Instinct,  Rationale-Luck. 

be-chance'.    Happen.    Occurrence-Destiny. 

beck.  A  brook;  nod.  Order,  River-Wind,  Sign;  at 
one's  beck,  Insubordination-Obedience,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help. 

beck'-on.  To  notify  by  nod.  Motive-Caprice,  Order, 
Sign.  . 

be-cloud'.  Darken.  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Light- 
Darkness. 

be-come'.  Be  worthy  of;  grace;  grow  to  be.  Conver- 
sion, Duty-Dereliction,  Harmony-Discord;  be- 
come of,  Occurrence-Destiny. 

be-com'-ing.  Beginning  to  be;  appropriate.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Dueness-Undueness,  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement,  Harmony-Discord,  Propriety- 
Impropriety. 

be-crip'-ple.     Make  lame.     Might-Impotence. 

bed.  A  couch  to  sleep  on;  the  bottom  of  a  stream;  a 
layer;  a  foundation.  Contents-Receiver,  Domes- 
tication-Agriculture, Lamina-Fiber,  Matri- 
mony-Celibacy ^Suspension-Support;  bedchamber, 
Contents-Receiver;  bedfellow,  Friend-Foe;  bed- 
gown, Dress-Undress;  bedmaker,  Chief-Under- 
ling; bedmate,  Friend-Foe;  bed  of  down,  Toil- 
Relaxation;  bed  of  roses,  Sensuality-Suffering, 
Welfare-Misfortune  ;  bedquilt,  Cover-Lining  ;  bed- 
ridden, Health  -  Sickness  ;  bedroom,  Contents- 
R.eceiver;  bed-sore,  Remedy-Bane;  bedstead,  Sus- 
pension-Support; bedtime,  Morning -Evening; 
brought  to  bed,  Creation-Destruction;  death-bed, 
Life-Death;  go  to  bed,  Activity-Indolence, 
Movement-Rest;  keep  one's  bed,  Health-Sickness; 
put  to  bed  with  a  shovel,  Life-Funeral;  smooth 
the  bed  of  death,  Obstruction-Help. 

be-dark'-en.     Make  dark.     Light-Darkness. 

be-daub'.  Soil.  Cleanness-Filthiness, Cover-Lining. 

be-daz'-zle.     Confuse.     Light-Darkness. 

bed'-ding.  The  furnishings  for  a  bed.  Suspension- 
Support. 

be-deck'.     Adorn.     Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

be'-del.     A  beadle.     Judicature. 

bedes'-man.  A  resident  of  an  almshouse.  Chief- 
Underling,  Ministry-Laity. 

be-dev'-il.  Bewilder;  bewitch.  Devotion-Magic,  Or- 
ganization-Disorganization. 

be-dev'-il-ment.    Witchcraft.     Devotion-Magic. 

be-dew'.     To  moisten.     Dampness-Dryness. 

be-digr*.     Adom.      Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

be-dim'.     Darken.     Dimness,  Light-Darkness. 

be-diz'-en.  Adorn  with  tawdry  splendor.  Color- 
Achromatism,  Embellishment-  Disfigurement, 
Taste-Vulgarity. 


be-diz'-ened.     Dressed  out.     Taste-Vulgarity. 

bed'-lam.  A  frenzied  crowd;  madhouse.  Bedlam  broke 
loose,  Regularity-Irregularity;  candidate  for  Bed- 
lam, Saneness-Maniac. 

bed'-lam-ite.     A  lunatic.     Saneness-Maniac. 

Bed'-ou-in.     A  nomadic  Arab;  vagabond.     Robber. 

be'-dwarf.  Make  smaller.  Enlargement- Diminu- 
tion. 

bee.  A  four-winged  insect.  Agent;  bee  in  a  bottle, 
Crash-Drumming;  bee  in  one's  bonnet,  Saneness- 
Lunacy;  beeswax,  Viscidity-Foam;  swarm  like  bees. 
Multiplicity-Paucity. 

beef.  The  flesh  of  any  adult  bovine  animal.  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion. 

beef'-eat"-er.  A  yeoman  of  the  British  sovereign's 
guard.     Belligerent. 

beef'-head"-ed.    Thick-headed.   Sagacity-Incapacity. 

beef-steak".  A  slice  of  beef  broiled  or  ready  for 
broiling.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

beef'-wit"-ted.     Heavy-witted.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

beef'-y.     Fat;  heavy.     Heaviness-Lightness. 

Be-el'-ze-bub.     The  devil.     Angel-Satan. 

beer.     An  intoxicant.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

beer'-y.     Like  beer.     Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

beet.  The  root  of  a  biennial  herb.  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

bee'-tle.  Any  coleopterous  insect;  to  jut  out.  Con- 
vexity-Concavity, Height-Lowness;  beetle  head, 
Sage-Fool;  blind  as  a  beetle,  Sight-Blindness; 
Colorado  beetle,  Benefactor-Evildoer. 

bee'-tling.     Jutting.     Height-Lowness. 

be-fall'.     Happen.     Occurrence-Destiny. 

be-fit'.  Become;  be  suitable  for.  Dueness-Undue- 
ness, Duty-Dereliction,  Harmony-Discord,  Pro- 
priety-Impropriety. 

be-fit'-ting.  Suitable.  Dueness-Undueness,  Pro- 
priety-Impropriety. 

be-fog'.  To  obscure;  bewilder.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 

be-fool'.  Gull;  outwit.  Saneness-Lunacy,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

be-fooled'.     Victimized.     Success-Failure. 

be-fore'.  In  front  of;  prior  to;  in  preference  to.  Ante- 
cedence -  Sequence,  Anteriority  -  Posteriority, 
Choice-Neutrality,  Leading-Following,  Pre- 
cedence-Succession, Presence-Absence;  before 
Christ,  Duration-Neverness;  before  long,  Earli- 
ness-Lateness;  before  mentioned,  Antecedence- 
Sequence,  Precedence-Succession;  before^  now, 
Future-Past;  before  one's  eyes,  Manifestation- 
Latency,  Visibility-Invisibility  ;  before  one's  time, 
Earliness-Lateness;  set  before  one,  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency. 

be-fore'-hand".  In  advance;  in  easy  circumstances. 
Antecedence  -  Sequence,  Earliness  -  Lateness*, 
Prevision;  resolve  beforehand,  Predetermination- 
Impulse. 

be-foul'.     Render  impure.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 


BEFRIEND. 


95 


BEGINNING— END. 


be-friend'.  To  help;  to  treat  as  a  friend.  Amity* 
Hostility,  Obstruction-Help. 

be'-iud"-dle.  To  become  confused,  as  from  liquor. 
Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

beg.  A  Turkish  governor  of  a  town;  to  entreat;  to 
ask  alms.  Chief-Underling,  Petition-Expostu- 
lation; beg  leave,  Leave-Prohibition,  Petition- 
Expostulation;  beg  one's  bread,  Petition-Expos- 
tulation; beg  one's  life,  Compassion-Ruthless- 
ness;  beg  pardon,  Atonement,  Pardon-Vindictive- 
ness,  Repentance-Obduracy;  beg  the  question, 
to  assume  an  answer  without  proof  in  debate, 
Ratiocination-Instinct. 

be-get'.     Generate.     Creation-Destruction. 

beg'-gar.  One  who  asks  alms.  Affluence-Penury, 
Gentility-Democracy,  Petitioner,  Reputation- 
Discredit;  beggar  description,  to  be  indescribable, 
Astonishment-Expectance,  Conventionality-Un- 
conventionality;  beggar  my  neighbor,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness; sturdy  beggar,  Robber. 


beg'-gared.  Bankrupt.  Affluence-Penury,  Settle 
ment-Default. 

beg'-gar-ly.  Mean;  poor.  Affluence-Penury,  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Gentility-Democracy, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit; beggarly  account  of  empty  boxes,  Afflu- 
ence-Penury, Excess-Lack. 

beg'-gar-y.     Penury.     Affluence-Penury. 

beg'-ging.      Asking   earnestly.     Petition-Expostula- 
tion; begging  letter,  Petition-Expostulation;  go 
a  begging,  Excess-Lack,  Liberty-Subjection,  Pe- 
tition-Expostulation,    Proffer-Refusal,     Use 
fulness-uselessness. 

be-gilt'.  Made  yellow  like  gold.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement. 

be-gin'.  Commence.  Beginning-End,  Enterprise; 
begin  again,  Recurrence. 

be-gin'-ner.  A  founder;  a  novice.  Beginning-End, 
Instructor-Pupil. 

be-gin'-ning.  Origin;  the  first  part;  source.  Begin- 
ning-End. 


3EGINNING— END. 


Beginning.     Something  begun ;  a  start. 
Border.     The  outer  edge.     See  Border. 
Commencement.     The  first  existence. 
Dtbut  [P.].     The  first  attempt. 
Elements.     The  first  principles  in  any  study. 
Entrance.     The  act  of  entering  upon  or  beginning. 
Entry.     The  act  of  beginning. 
First  blush.      First  thought. 
First  glance.     First  look. 
First  impression.     First  effect  on  the  senses. 
First  move.     First  attempt. 
First  sight.      First  glance. 
First  stage.      Beginning. 
Fresh  start.     New  attempt. 
Genesis.     The  act  of  originating. 
Germ.     The  first  source  of  anything.     See  Cause. 
Head.     Set  division   n  a  discourse;  title. 
Heading.     A  caption,  title  or  the  like. 
Inauguration.      The  act  of  formally  setting  in  operation. 
Inception.     The  act  of  commencing. 
Inchoation.     The  act  or  state  of  beginning. 
Incipience.      Inception. 
Initiative.     The  first  move. 
Introduction.      The  act  of  introducing. 
New  departure.      Unusual  course. 
Onset.     A  commencement. 
Opening.     The  beginning. 
Origin.     The  commencement  of  anything. 
Outbreak.     A  sudden  bursting  forth. 
Outset.     A  starting. 
Rise.     The  act  of  originating. 
Rudiment.     The  first  principle  of  anything. 
Rudiments.     First  principles. 
Skirt.     The  border  or  edge. 

Source.  That  from  which  something  emanates 
Start.  The  act  of  going  forth ;  the  beginning. 
Beginning — Denotations. 
ABC.  The  first  three  letters  of  the  alphabet. 
Alpha.  The  first  letter  of  the  Greek  alphabet. 
Alphabet.  The  simplest  rudiments. 
Birth.     The  beginning  of  life. 

Brunt.     The  utmost  violence,  marking  the  beginning  of  destruction. 
Bud.      A  small  growth  containing  the  rudiments  of  future  leaves. 
Chops.     The  land  on  each  side  of  the  mouth  of  a  river. 
Grammar.     The  elementary  pr'nciples  of  a  science. 
Infancy.     The  earliest  period  of  life. 
Initial.     The  first  letter  of  a  word. 
Inlet.     The  beginning  or  opening  of  a  passage. 
Lips.     The  fleshy  folds  which  surround  the  orifice  of  the  mouth. 
Mouth.     The  beginning  of  the  alimentary  canal. 
Nativity.     Birth. 

Orifice.     An  opening  into  a  passage. 
Outlines.      The  lines  which  mark  the  outer  limits. 
Porch.     A  covered  entrance  to  a  building. 
Portal.     An  opening  or  gate. 
Portico.     An  entrance  to  a  building. 
Postern.     A  small  door  or  gate. 


Break  up.     The  ending  or  separation,  as  of  an  assembly. 
Close.     The  ending. 

Commencement  de  la  fin  [F.].     The  beginning  of  the  end. 
Conclusion.     The  final  part. 
Consummation.     The  state  of  being  finished. 
Desinence.     The  closing. 
Destination.     The  end  aimed  at. 
Determination.     Bringing  to  a  close. 
End.     The  termination  or  close. 
End  of  all  things. 

Expiration.     The  act  or  state  of  expiring. 
Expiry.     A  coming  to  a  close. 
Extreme.     The  ultimate  part. 
Extremity.     The  most  remote  point  or  part. 
Finale.     The  end  or  termination. 
Finality.     The  state  of  being  at  an  end. 
Finis  [L.].     The  end  or  close. 

Finish,  etc.     The  concluding  part,  etc.     See  Completion. 
Last.     The  close. 
Last  stage.     The  concluding  part. 
Limit.     That  which  sets  a  bound. 
Termination.     The  act  of  closing. 
Terminus  [L.].     The  close  or  termination. 

Turning  point.     The  critical  or  decisive  point  at  which  a  change  ia 
effected. 

End — Denotations . 
Bonne  bouche  [F.].     A  final  good  taste;  a  tidbit. 
Butt  end.     The  large  end,  or  last  part. 
Coup  de  grace  [F.].     The  finishing  stroke. 
Crack  of  doom.     Judgment  day. 
Day  of  Judgment.     The  end  of  the  world. 
Denouement  [F.].     The  outcome. 
Death.     See  Life-Death. 
Doom.     Final  judgment. 
Fag-end.     The  end  of  the  poorer  quality. 
Fall  of  the  curtain.     The  end  of  an  act;  end  of  life. 
Fate.     The  final  lot. 
Gable  end.     The  end  wall  of  a  building. 
Goal.     End  or  aim  of  work  or  effort. 
Nib.     Sharp  end  of  a  pen. 
Omega.     Last  letter  of  the  Greek  alphabet. 
Period.     The  point  marking  the  end  of  a  sentence. 
Peroration.     Final  part  of  an  oration. 
Point.     The  sharp  end. 
Tag.     The  close  of  an  actor's  speech. 
Tail.     See  Anteriority-Posteriority. 
Tail-end.     The  last  part. 
Tip.     The  end  piece  or  part. 

End — Noun  of  Agent. 
Death  blow.     A  blow  that  brings  life  to  an  end. 

End — Verbs. 
Achieve.     To  bring  to  a  successful  close.     See  Completion 
Be  all  over.  •  To  be  finished. 
Bring  to  an  end.     See  Nouns. 
Close.     To  bring  to  a  completion. 
Come,  to  a  close.     See  Nouns. 


BEGINNING. 


96 


BEGINNING— END. 


BEGINNING— END— Continued, 


BEGINNING — Denotations— Continued. 

Pfopylon.     An  entrance  to  a  building. 

Starting-point.     See  Arrival-Departure. 

Title-page.     The  first  page  of  a  book. 

Threshold.     The  place  or  point  of  entering  or  beginning. 

Van,  etc.     See  Anteriority. 

Vestibule.     A  place  of  opening. 

Wicket.     A  small  gate. 

Beginning — Phrases. 

Narrow  end  of  the  wedge. 

Thin  end  of  the  wedge. 

Beginning — Figurative  Nouns. 

Cradle.     The  earliest  period  of  life. 

Dawn.     See  Morning. 

Egg.     That  which  contains  the  germ. 

Embarkation.     Act  of  beginning  a  voyage. 

Le  premier  pas  [F.].     The  first  step. 

Rising  of  the  curtain.     The  beginning  of  an  act  or  scene. 

Beginning — Verbs. 

Air.     To  expose  for  the  sake  of  notice. 

Apply  the  match  to  a  train.     To  start  work  or  put  in  motion. 

Arise.     To  begin  to  exist;  to  spring  up. 

Begin.     To  start;  to  commence. 

Begin  ab  ovo.     To  begin  from  the  egg  or  the  beginning. 

Begin  again.     Begin  anew. 

Begin  at  the  beginning.     Begin  at  the  starting-point. 

Begin  de  novo.     Begin  anew. 

Break  cover.     To  come  out  of  concealment. 

Burst  forth.     To  emerge  suddenly. 

Break  ground.     To  begin  a  foundation  for  a  building. 

Break  out.     To  force  out  by  breaking. 

Break  the  ice.     To  master  the  difficulties  of  the  first  intercourse 

between  strangers. 

Broach.     To  bring  to  notice  for  the  first  time. 

Come  into  existence.  I  •»     . 

„  i  7*  77  ..    r  Begin  existence. 

Come  into  the  world.  J 

Commence.     To  make  a  start. 

Conceive.     To  think  out. 

Crop  up.     To  show  itself  above  the  surface. 

Cross  the  Rubicon.     To  take  the  decisive  step. 

Cut  the  first  turf.     Start. 

Dawn.     To  start  to  expand. 

Embark  in.     To  adventure  upon. 

Enter.     To  pass  in. 

Enter  upon.     To  engage  in. 

Found.     To  establish  or  lay  the  foundation  of.     See  Cause. 

Head.     To  take  the  lead. 

Handsel.    To  do  for  the  first  time  with  a  view  to  a  fortunate  outcome. 

Inaugurate.     To  make  a  formal  beginning. 

Initiate.     To  make  a  start. 

Launch.     To  start  anything  going,  as  a  ship. 

Lay  the  fust  stone.      Begin  building,  etc. 

Lay  the  foundations.     See  Preparation. 

Lead  off.     To  make  the  beginning. 

Lead  the  way.     To  act  as  a  guide  by  going  first. 

Make  a  beginning.  ) 

Make  a  fresh  start.  V  Begin. 

Make  a  start.  ) 

Make  one's  dtbut.  To  take  the  first  step  or  enter  upon  something 
for  the  first  time. 

Open.     To  commence. 

Open  fire.         \  nTW1 

Open  the  ball.  J  0pen" 

Open  the  door  to.  j  G-ve  opportunity. 

Open  up.  i 

Originate.     To  cause  to  exist. 

Pass  the  Rubicon.     To  take  the  decisive  step. 

Recommence.     To  begin  again. 

Resume.     To  take  up  again. 

Rise.     To  make  a  beginning. 

Set  about.     To  begin. 

Set  abroach.     To  tap. 

Set  agoing.     To  start. 

Set  in.     To  commence. 

Set  on  foot.     To  start  going. 

Set  out.  To  begin  something,  as  a  journey  or  career.  See  Arri- 
val-Departure . 

Set  the  ball  in  motion.     To  make  the  start. 

Set  to  work.     To  begin  work. 

Set  up.     To  begin  or  found. 


END — Verbs — Continued. 
Conclude.     To  bring  to  a  finish. 
Determine.     To  make  an  end. 
Die.     To  cease  to  live. 
Draw  to  a  close.     See  Nouns. 
End.     To  close  or  finish. 
Expire.     To  end  life. 
Finish.     To  come  to  an  end. 
Get  through.     To  complete. 
Have  run  its  course.     To  come  to  a  close. 
Make  an  end  of.     Finish. 
Pass  away.     To  expire. 
Put  an  end  to.     Close. 
Run  out.     To  come  to  an  end. 
Shut  up  shop.     To  quit  business. 
Terminate.     To  end. 

End — A  djectives . 
At  an  end.      Finished. 
Caudal.     Pertaining  to  the  tail. 
Conclusive.     Marking  the  close. 
Conterminable.     Ending  at  the  same  time  or  place. 
Conterminate.     Having  the  same  limits. 
Conterminous.     Having  common  bounds. 
Crowning,  etc.     Marking  the  end.     See  Completion. 
Decided.     Not  admitting  of  question. 
Definite.     Having  fixed  limits. 
Ended.     See  Verbs. 
Ending.     See  Verbs. 
Final.     Marking  the  end  or  close. 
Fresh.     Recently  produced;  marked  by  newness. 
Hindermost.     Furthest  back. 
Last.     Coming  after  all  the  rest. 
Last  but  one.     Penultimate. 
Last  but  two,  etc.    Antepenultimate,  etc. 
Over.     Finished  or  ended. 
Penultimate.     The  last  but  one. 
Played  out.     Completely  used  up. 
Rear,  etc.     Being  in  the  hind  part.     See  Anteriority-Poster* 

ority. 
Set  at  rest.     Quieted;  satisfied. 
Settled.     Determined  upon ;  fixed. 
Terminal.     Marking  the  end  or  terminus. 
Ultimate.     Last. 
Unbegun.     Not  begun. 
Uncommenced.     Not  started.         * 

End — Adverbs. 
At  the  last.     Finally. 
Finally,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
In  fine.     To  sum  up. 
Once  for  all.     To  settle  definitely. 

En  d — Phrases . 
Dimidium  iacti,  qui  capit,  habet    [L.].     What's  well  begun  is  half 

done. 
En  toute  chose  il  faut  considtrer  le  fin  [F.].     In  everything  one  must 

consider  the  end. 
Finem  respice  [L.].     Regard  the  end. 
Ullimus  Romanorum  [L.].     Last  of  the  Romans. 


BEGINNING— Verbs— Continued 

Shuffle  the  cards.     To  start  in. 

Spring  up.     To  begin  to  make  an  appearance 

Stand  at  the  head.  I  T       , 

Stand  first.  J1*1"1- 

Stand  for.     To  stand  in  place  of. 

Start  afresh.     Begin  anew. 

Take  birth.     To  have  its  origin. 

Take  its  rise.     To  have  its  beginning. 

Take  the  first  step.     Begin. 

Take  the  initiative.     To  make  a  beginning. 

Take  the  lead.     To  make  the  start. 

Undertake,  etc.     To  set  about  anything,  etc.     See  Entbkprisb 

Usher  in.     To  introduce. 

Ventilate.     To  give  publicity  to;  to  air. 

Beginning — Adjectives. 
Aboriginal.     Indigenous  to  the  soil. 
Beginning.     See  Verbs. 
Begun.     See  Verbs. 
Embryonic.     In  the  embryo. 
First,     Having  the  foremost  place. 
Foremost.     Of  the  first  rank. 


BEGINNING. 


BELLICOSE. 


BEGINNING- 


Inaugural.     Pertaining  to  an  inauguration. 
Inceptive.     Marking  the  beginning. 
Inchoate.     Just  commenced. 
Inchoative.     Just  begun. 
Incipient.     Coming  into  existence 
Initial.     Marking  tne  beginning. 
Initiative.      Relating  to  initiation. 
Initiatory.     Suited  to  introduce. 
Introductory.     Acting  as  an  introduction. 

Ab  incunabilis  [L.].     From  the  cradle. 
Hb  initio  [L.].     From  the  beginning. 
iib  origine  [L.[|.     From  the  origin. 
Ab  ovo  [L.].     From  the  egg. 
At  the  beginning.     At  the  starting-point. 
First.     Having  priority  in  time  or  place. 
First  and  foremost.     At  the  head. 
From  its  birth.     From  its  beginning. 

be-gird'.  Surround.  Confinement,  Environment- 
Interposition. 

beg'-ler-beg.  The  governor-general  of  a  Turkish  prov- 
ince.    Chief-Underling. 

be-gone'.  Depart.  Admission-Expulsion,  Arri- 
val-Departure, Commission-Abrogation;  begone 
dull  care,  Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

be-grease'.  To  soil  with  grease.  Cleanness-Filtiu- 
ness,  Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

be-grime'.    Make  foul.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

be-grudge'.  To  envy  one  the  possession  of.  Extrav- 
agance-Avarice, Proffer-Refusal,  Readiness- 
Reluctance. 

be-guile'.  Delude.  Contentedness-Discontent- 
ment,  Truth-Error,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  be- 
guile the  time,  Action-Passiveness,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 

be'-gum.  An  East  India  princess.  Gentility-Democ- 
racy. 

be-gun'.     Commenced.     Beginning-End. 

be-half.  Advantage;  interest;  matter.  Good-Evil, 
Obstruction-Help;  in  behalf  of,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Representation. 

be-have'.  Be  good.  Conduct,  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness, Society-Ludicrousness. 

be-ha'-vior.  Deportment.  Conduct;  on  one's  good 
behavior,  Virtue-Vice. 

be-head'.  Decapitate.  Life-Killing,  Recompense- 
Punition. 

be-he'-moth.  In  the  Bible,  a  monstrous  beast. 
Greatness-Littleness. 

be-hest'.     A  command.     Order. 

be-hind'.  At  the  back  of;  inferior  to;  at  the  rear.  An- 
teriority-Posteriority, Leading-Following,  Pre- 
cedence-Succession; behind  one's  back,  Pres- 
ence-Absence; behind  the  age,  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance, Novelty -Antiquity;  behind  the  scenes, 
Acting,  Cause-Effect,  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Manifestation-Latency, 
Visibility-Invisibility;  behind  time,  Earliness- 
Lateness;  speak  ill  of  behind  one's  back,  Adulation- 
Disparagement. 

be-hind'-hand".  Late.  Earliness-Lateness,  Settle- 
ment-Default, Transcursion-Shortcoming,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune. 

be-hold'.  To  look  at.  Heed-Disregard,  Onlooker, 
Sight-Blindness. 

be-hold'-en.  Indebted.  Duty-Dereliction,  Thank- 
fulness-Thanklessness. 

be-hold'-er.     A  spectator.     Onlooker. 

be-hoof.     That  which  benefits  one.     Good-Evil. 

be-hoove'.     To  be  right  for.     Duty-Dereliction. 

be-'ing.  Existing;  entity.  Entity-Nonentity,  Sub- 
stance-Nullity; created  being,  Fauna-Flora; 
human  being,  Humanity;  time  being,  Duration- 
Neverness. 


-Adjectives — Continued. 

Just  begun.     Begun  now. 
Leading.     Having  the  foremost  place. 
Maiden.     Initiative. 
Nascent.     Beginning  to  exist. 
Natal.     Dating  from  one's  birth. 

Primeval,  etc.     Dating  from  the  first  ages,  etc.     See  Novelty- 
Antiquity. 
Primogenial.     First  born. 
Rudimental.     Relating  to  the  rudiments 

Beginning — Adverbs. 

From  the  beginning.     From  the  first. 

Imprimis  [L.].     First. 

In  embryo.     In  the  incipient  state. 

In  its  infancy.     In  the  start. 

In  limine  [L.].     At  the  threshold. 

In  the  beginning.     In  the  first  place. 

In  the  bud.     In  the  inceptive  state. 

In  the  first  place.     Leading  off. 

Bel.  One  of  the  chief  gods  of  the  Babylonians.  Jove  ■ 
Fiend. 

be-la'-bor.  Thrash.  Impetus-Reaction,  Recompense- 
Punition. 

be-la'-ted.  Benighted;  made  tardy.  Earliness-Late- 
ness, Knowledge-Ignorance. 

be-lay'.  To  surround.  Obstruction-Help,  Union-Dis- 
jnion. 

belch.  To  emit  wind  from  the  stomach.  Admission- 
Expulsion. 

bel'-dam.     A  hag.     Benefactor-Evildoer. 

bel'-dame.     A  hag.     Turbulence-Calmness. 

be-lea'-guer.     Besiege.     Attack-Defense. 

bel"-es-prit'.     A  clever  talker  or  writer.     Wag. 

bel'-fry.     A  bell-tower.     Fane. 

Be'-lial.  The  devil;  the  old  Hebrew  personification  of 
lawlessness.  Angel-Satan,  Jove-Fiend;  sons  of 
Belial,  Godliness-Ungodliness. 

be-lie'.  Contradict.  Antagonism-Concurrence,  As- 
sertion-Denial, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

be-lief.  Probable  knowledge.  Faith-Misgiving,  God- 
liness-Ungodliness; easy  of  belief,  Likelihood- 
Unlikelihood;  hug  a  belief,  Bigotry-Apostasy. 

be-lieve'.  To  credit.  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Hy- 
pothesis; believe  who  may,  Faith-Misgiving;  not 
believe  one's  senses,  Astonishment-Expectance; 
reason  to  believe,  Likelihood-Unlikelihood. 

be-lieved'.     Credited.     Faith-Misgiving. 

be-liev'-er.  One  who  believes;  an  adherent  to  some 
particular  church  sect.  Godliness-Ungodliness; 
true  believer,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

be-liev'-ing.  Pious;  crediting.  Faith-Misgiving, 
Godliness-Ungodliness. 

be-like'.    Probably.    Likelihood-Unlikelihood. 

Belisario,  date  obolum  [L.]  (Bel-i-se'-ri-o,  de'-ti  ob'-o- 
lum).  Give  a  penny  to  Belisarius.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence. 

bell.  A  hollow  metallic  instrument  which  rings  when 
struck.  Musical  Instruments,  Sign;  alarm  bell, 
Alarm;  bear  away  the  bell,  Goodness-Badness' 
Reputation-Discredit,  Success-Failure;  bell, 
book,  and  candle,  Assertion-Denial,  Ceremonial, 
Charitableness-Curse,  Devotion-Charm;  bell 
shape,  Convexity-Concavity,  Roundness;  bell  the 
cat,  Bravery-Cowardice;  cracked  bell,  Resonance- 
Nonresonance;  passing  bell,  Life-Funeral. 

bel"-la-don'-na.  A  poisonous  herb  used  in  medicine 
Remedy-Bane. 

belle  [F.]  (bel).      A  reigning  beauty.     Male-Female. 

belle  etoile,  a  la  [F.]  (bel  6-two.l',  a  la).  In  the  open 
air.     Outside-Inside,  Water-Air. 

belles-lettres  [F.]  (bel-letr').  Polite  literature.  Lan« 
guage. 

belli  casus  [L.]  (bel'-kti  ke'-sus) .  A  cause  of  war.  Ex 
citation. 

bel'-li-cose".  Inclined  to  war.  Fighting,  Strife-Peace. 


BELLIED. 


98 


BELLIGERENT. 


bel'-lied.     Having  a  belly.     Convexity-Concavity. 
bel-lig'-er-ent.     One  engaged  in  war.     Belligerent, 
Fighting-Conciliation,  Strife-Peace. 

BELLIGERENT. 

Amazon.     A  female  warrior. 

Archer.     One  skilled  in  the  use  of  the  bow  and  arrow. 

Armigerent.     One  next  in  degree  to  a  knight. 

Artilleryman.  A  man  who  manages  or  assists  in  managing  a  large 
gun  in  firing. 

Assailant.     One  who  first  attacks  another. 

Athlete.  Any  one  trained  to  contend  in  exercises  requiring  great 
physical  agility  and  strength. 

Bashi-basouk  [Turk.].     An  irregular  Turkish  volunteer. 

Beefeater.     One  of  the  yeomen  of  the  guard  in  England. 

Belligerent.  A  nation  or  person  recognized  as  rightfully  engaged  in 
war. 

Bludgeon-man.     One  who  uses  the  bludgeon. 

Bombardier.     An  artilleryman. 

Bowman.     One  skilled  in  the  use  of  the  bow. 

Boxer.     A  pugilist;  a  Chinese  rebel. 

Bruiser.     A  boxer;  a  pugilist. 

Bully.     A  blustering,  tyrannical  fellow. 

Cadet.     A  young  man  in  training  for  military  or  naval  service. 

Campaigner.     An  old  soldier. 

Cannoneer.     A  man  who  manages  or  fires  cannon. 

Carbineer.     A  soldier  armed  with  a  carbine . 

Champion.     The  foremost  in  espousing  a  cause. 

Charger.     A  steed. 

Chasseur  [F.].     Light  infantry  soldier. 

Combatant.     One  who  engages  in  a  contest  of  violence. 

Competitor.  One  of  a  number  contending  for  a  prize  or  something 
desirable. 

Conscript,  One  taken  by  lot  or  compulsorily  enrolled  to  serve  as  a 
soldier. 

Controversialist.  One  who  draws  out  an  argument  and  disputes  it 
point  by  point. 

Coolie.  A  laborer  transported  from  the  East  Indies,  China,  or 
Japan,  for  service  in  some  other  country. 

Corrival.     A  fellow  rival . 

Cossack.  A  member  of  the  race  inhabiting  the  lower  Don  and  Dnie- 
per, Eastern  Russia,  etc.;  military  horsemen. 

Croat.     An  irregular  soldier,  generally  from  Croatia. 

Cuirassier  [F.].     A  soldier  armed  with  a  cuirass. 

Destrier  [F.].     A  war-horse. 

Disputant.     One  who  argues  in  opposition  to  another. 

Dragoon.     A  cavalryman. 

Duelist.     One  who  fights  in  single  combat. 

Engineer.     An  engine  driver. 

Ensign.     A  commissioned  officer  of  the  lowest  grade  in  the  navy, 

Fencible.     A  soldier  enlisted  for  home  service  only. 

Fighter.     One  who  fights ;  a  combatant. 

Fighting-cock.     A  cock  trained  to  fight. 

Fighting-man.     Combatant. 

Fire-eater.     A  quarrelsome  person  who  seeks  affrays. 

Food  for  powder.     Soldier. 

Foot-soldier.     A  soldier  who  serves  on  foot. 

Franc-tireur  [F.].     French  rifleman 

Fusileer.     A  soldier  armed  with  a  fusil. 

Game-cock.     The  male  game  fowl. 

Gendarme  [F.].     Man  at  arms;  policeman. 

Gladiator.  One  who  fought  with  weapons  in  public;  one  who  en- 
gages in  any  fierce  combat  or  controversy. 

Grenadier.  A  member  of  a  special  regiment  or  corps ;  a  member  of  a 
regiment  composed  of  men  of  great  stature. 

Guardsman.     A  member  of  any  military  body  called  Guards. 

Guerilla  condottiere  [It.].     An  irregular  soldiery. 

Gunner.     One  who  works  a  gun,  whether  on  land  or  sea. 

Hackster.     A  bully;  a  ruffian. 

Halberdier.     One  who  is  armed  with  a  halberd. 

Heavy  dragoon.     A  heavily  armed  cavalryman. 

Heavyweight.  The  heaviest  of  the  classes  into  which  contestants 
are  divided. 

Horse  soldier.     A  cavalryman. 

Hussar.     One  of  the  light  cavalry  of  European  armies. 

Infantryman.     A  foot  soldier. 

Irregular.     A  soldier  not  in  regular  service. 

Janizary.  A  member  of  an  unruly  military  force  which  for  several 
centuries  furnished  the  body-guard  of  the  sultans  of  Turkey. 

Lancer.     A  cavalry  soldier  carrying  a  lance  as  a  weapon. 

K:^tF.].}Amembero£aieBion- 

Light  dragoon,     A  light  armed  cavalryman 


Litigant.     One  who  is  engaged  in  a  lawsuit. 

Mamaluke. )  One  of  a  celebrated  cavalry  corps  of  Egypt.  (Thirteenth 

Mameluke,  i      century  to  1 81 1 .) 

Man-at-arms.     A  soldier  fully  armed. 

Man-of-war's  man,  etc.  Qne  who  fights  on  an  armed  vessel  belong- 
ing to  a  navy  or  military  marine.     See  Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

Marine.     Soldier  serving  on  a  war- vessel. 

Matross.     A  gunner  or  gunner's  mate. 

Mercenary.     A  hired  soldier  in  foreign  service. 

Military  man.     Soldier. 

Mosstrooper.  One  of  a  class  of  bandits  that  formerly  infested  the 
border  country  between  England  and  Scotland. 

Musketeer.     A  soldier  armed  with  a  musket. 

Myrmidon.  One  of  a  warlike  people  of  ancient  Thessaly;  a  petty 
officer  of  the  law. 

Officer.  One  appointed  to  some  office  in  the  army  or  navy.   See  Chief. 

Paladin.  Any  one  of  the  twelve  peers  of  Charlemagne;  a  paragon  of 
knighthood. 

Pandour.     A  Hungarian  foot-soldier;  any  inhuman  soldier. 

Peon.     A  foot-soldier. 

Picket.  A  guard  on  the  outskirts  of  a  camp  to  warn  against  the 
enemy's  approach. 

Pikeman.     A  soldier  armed  with  a  pike. 

Piquet.     A  picket. 

Polemic.     One  who  writes  in  support  of  any  doctrine,  opinion,  etc. 

Private.     A  common  soldier. 

Private  soldier.     A  private. 

Prize-fighter.     One  who  fights  publicly  for  a  reward. 

Pugilist.     A  professional  prize-fighter. 

Rajpoot  [Hind.].     A  Hindu  of  the  military  caste. 

Recruit.     A  newly  enrolled  soldier  or  sailor. 

Redcoat.     A  British  soldier. 

Rifleman.     A  soldier  armed  with  a  rifle. 

Rival.     A  competitor. 

Rough.     A  coarse  bully. 

Sabreur  [F.].     Slasher. 

Sapper.     A  soldier  employed  in  making  .trenches. 

Sapper  and  miner. 

Sepoy.  A  native  East-Indian  soldier  equipped  and  disciplined  in 
European  style. 

Sharpshooter.     One  skilled  with  the  rifle. 

Skirmisher.     A  soldier  assigned  to  skirmish  duty. 

Soldier.     A  person  engaged  in  military  service. 

c     ,  .    '  \  One  of  a  native  Algerine  corps  in  the  French  service. 

Spearman.     One  who  is  armed  with  a  spear. 

Standard-bearer.  One  who  carries  the  flag,  ensign,  or  banner  of  an 
army. 

Subaltern.     A  military  officer  ranking  below  a  captain. 

Swashbuckler.     A  swaggering,  boastful  fellow. 

Swordsman.     One  who  is  skilful  with  or  armed  with  a  sword. 

Tommy  Atkins.     Nickname  of  the  English  soldier. 

Trooper.     A  cavalryman. 

Uhlan.     One  of  a  certain  description  of  militia  among  the  Tartars. 

Veteran.     An  old  soldier. 

Voltigeur  [F.].  One  of  a  picked  company  of  irregular  riflemen  in 
each  regiment. 

War-horse.     The  horse  of  a  cavalry  soldier;  a  charger. 

Warrior.     A  soldier;  a  champion. 

Wrestler.     One  skilled  in  wrestling. 

Yager.  In  the  German  army,  one  belonging  to  a  body  of  light  in- 
fantry armed  with  rifles. 

Zouave.  One  of  an  active  and  hardy  body  of  soldiers  in  the  French 
service,  originally  Arabs,  but  now  composed  of  Frenchmen  who 
wear  the  Arab  dress. 

Belligerent — Collective  Nouns 
Armada.     A  fleet  of  war-ships. 
£myd  f°rCe-}  A  body  of  fighting  men. 

Artillery.     The  men  of  the  artillery  branch  of  an  army. 

Battalia.     A  body  of  soldiers  on  the  march. 

Battalion.     A  body  of  troops  in  battle  array. 

Battery.     A  company  or  division  of  artillery. 

Brigade.     A  body  of  troops  consisting  of  two  or  more  regiments. 

Cavalry.     The  military  force  which  serves  on  horseback. 

Cloud  of  skirmishers.     A  body  of  men  sent  ahead  to  cover  the  movf 

ments  of  an  army. 
Cohort.     The  tenth  part  of  a  legion. 
Column.     The  division  of  an  army. 
Company.     Subdivision  of  a  regiment  of  troops. 
Corps.     An  organized  division  of  an  army. 
Corps  d'armie  [F.].     A  corps  organized  as  an  army  in  itself. 
Detachment.     A  body  of  troops  or  part  of  a  fleet. 


BELLIGERENT. 


99 


B  EM  ASK. 


Division.     Two  or  more  brigades  of  soldiers. 

Draft.     Force  of  soldiers  drawn  by  conscription. 
File.     A  row  of  soldiers  arranged  one  behind  the  other. 
Fleet.      A  lumber  of  war-vessels. 
Flotilla.     A  fleet  of  small  vessels. 
Flying  column.     A  light-armed  column  of  troops. 
Forces.      Bodies  of  troops. 

Garrison.      A  body  of  soldiers  in  a  fortified  place. 
Guard.     A  small  detachment  of  troops. 
Guards.      Soldiers. 
Horse.     Cavalry. 
Horse  and  foot.      Mixed  troops. 
Horse  artillery.      Artillery  drawn  by  horses. 
Hosts.     Armies. 

Household  troops.     Troops  appointed  to  attend  a  sovereign. 
Infantry.     Foot-soldiers. 
Landstttrm  [G.].      Final  reserves. 
Landwehr  [G.].     Militia. 

Legio  J.   A  body  of  foot-soldiers  numbering  from  four  to  six  thousand. 
Levy.     A  body  of  troops. 

Life  guards.     A  body  of  select  troops  attending  a  prince. 
Light  horse.      Light-armed  cavalry. 
Light  infantry.      Light-armed  foot-soldiers. 
Line  of  battle.      Regular  infantry  of  an  army. 
Military.     Whole  body  of  soldiers. 
Militia.     The  whole  military  force  of  a  nation. 
Mounted  rifles.      Mounted  troops  armed  with  rifles. 
National  guard.      A  body  of  militia,  or  local  military  organization. 
Naval  forces.      Ships  of  war. 
Navy.     A  fleet  of  ships. 
Phalanx.     A  body  of  troops  in  close  array. 
Platoon.      Half  a  company  of  soldiers. 

Posse  comitatus  [L.J.     The  force  which  a  sheriff  may  call  to  his  assist- 
ance 
Rank.     A  row  of  soldiers. 

Rank  and  file.      Whole  body  of  common  soldiers. 
Raw  levies.     New  soldiers. 
Regiment.     Ten  companies  of  soldiers. 
Regulars.      The  standing  army. 

Reserve  forces.      A  body  of  troops  kept  for  an  exigency. 
Reserves.     See  Reserve  forces. 
Rifles.     Light-armed  infantry. 
Sabaoth.     The  hosts. 
Section.     A  part  of  an  army. 
Soldiery.     A  body  of  soldiers. 
Squad.     A  body  of  troops  assembled  for  drill. 

Squadron.     A  body  of  cavalry  comprising  two  companies  of  troops. 
Standing  army.     A  permanent  military  force. 
Subdivision.     A  part  of  a  division  of  troops. 
The  army.     The  entire  fighting  force. 
The  fancy.      Sporting  characters  taken  collectively. 
The  line.     Troops  in  battle  array. 
Trainband.     The  London  militia. 
Troops.     Soldiers. 

Troops  of  the  line.     The  fighting  soldiery. 

Volunteers.     Soldiers  who  enter  the  military  service  voluntarily. 
Wing.      Part  of  an  army. 
Wooden  walls.      Wooden  war-ships. 
Yeoman  of  the  guard.  K,  ,  ■__:««_«.. 

Yeomanrv  J  Volunteer  cavalry  liable  to  service. 

Belligerent — Naval  Terms. 

Battle-ship.     The  heaviest  armorftd  and  armed  man-of-war. 

Bomb-vessel.  A  small  ketch  or  vessel,  very  strongly  built,  on  which 
mortars  are  mounted  to  be  used  in  naval  bombardments. 

Catamaran.  A  kind  of  /af*«  or  float,  consisting  of  two  or  more  logs  or 
pieces  of  wood  lashtd  *ogether,  and  moved  by  paddles  or  sails. 

Corvette.      Same  *u  skup  of  war. 

Cruiser,     A  sw;ft,  light  armored,  heavily-armed  sbip  for  cruising. 

First-rat*.     A  war  vessel  of  the  highest  grade. 

Flag-ship.  The  vessel  which  carries  the  commanding  officer  of  a  fleet 
or  squadron  and  flies  his  distinctive  flag  or  pennant. 

Floating  battery.  A  battery  erected  on  rafts  or  the  hulls  of  ships, 
chiefly  for  the  defense  of  a  coast  or  the  bombardment  of  a  place. 

Frigate.    A  steam  war-vessel  of  high  speed  and  great  fighting  capacity. 

Guard-ship.  The  ship  on  guard-duty  for  the  day;  a  ship  of  war  sta- 
tioned in  a  harbor  for  its  protection. 

Gunboat.      A  war-ship  of  light  draft,  carrying  heavy  guns. 

Ironclad.      A  war-vessel  sh'.athed  with  armor. 

Line-of-battle  ship.     See  Sh**  of  the  line. 

Man-of-war.  An  armed  vessel  belonging  to  a  navy  or  military 
marine. 

Monitor.      An  ironclad  si'tin^  very  low  in  the  water  and  having  a  flat 


deck,  sharp  stern,  and  one  or  more  rotating  deck-turrets  carrying 

heavy  guns. 
Privateer.     A  vessel  owned  and  officered  by  private  persons,  but 

carrying  on  maritime  war  under  a  commission  from  a  belligerent 

state. 
Ram.      A  war-vessel  constructed  for  ramming. 
Ship  of  the  line.     A  ship  of  war  large  enough  to  have  a  place  in  the 

line  of  battle. 
Sloop  of  war.     Any  war-vessel  larger  than  a  gunboat  and  carrying 

guns  on  one  deck  only. 
Store-ship.     A  vessel  used  to  carry  naval  stores  fora  fleet,  garrison  or 

the  like. 
Submarine  boat.     A  vessel  capable  of  traveling  under  water. 
Tender.     A  vessel  employed  to  attend  other  vessels,  to  supply  them 

with  provisions  and  other  stores,  to  convey  intelligence,  or  the  like. 
Torpedo-boat.     A  small,  swift  vessel  designed  to  attack  by  launch- 
ing torpedoes. 
Transport.     A  vessel  in  government  employ  for  transporting  troops, 

military  supplies,  etc. 
Troop-ship.     A  vessel  built  or  fitted  for  the  conveyance  of  troops. 
Turret-ship.    An  ironclad  vessel  with  low  sides,  on  which  heavy  guns 

are  mounted  within  one  or  more  iron  turrets,  which  may  be  rotated. 
Belligerent — Phrases. 
Garde  nationale  [FJ.     National  guard. 
Garde  royale  [P.J.     Royal  guard. 
Hotel  des  Invalides  [F.].     Hospital  for  invalids,  i.  e.,  invalid  soldiers. 

bell'-ing.  The  cry  of  rutting  deer;  baying  of  fox 
hounds.     Cry-Ululation. 

bell'-man.     A  town  crier.     Messenger. 

bell'-mef-al.    Alloy  used  for  making  bells.  Materials. 

hello  flagrante  [L.]  (bcl'-lo  fle-gran'-ti) .  During  hos- 
tilities.    Fighting-Conciliation. 

Bel-lo'-na.  The  goddess  of  war.  Fighting-Concili- 
ation. 

bel'-low.  A  loud,  hollow  noise.  Cry-Ululation,1 
Jubilation-Lamentation,  Loudness-Faintness. 

bel'-lows.  An  instrument  for  sending  air  through  & 
tube.     River-Wind,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

bells.  Metallic  vessels  which  ring  when  struck.  Peal  of 
bells,  Crash-Drumming. 

bell '-sh ape ' .     Like  a  bell  in  form.     Roundness. 

bell' -shaped'.  Having  the  shape  of  a  bell.  Convexity- 
Concavity,  Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Round- 
ness. 

bell'-weth/'-er.  The  wether  that  leads  a  flock  of  sheep. 
Manager,  Predecessor-Continuation. 

bel'-l} .  The  abdomen.  Convexity-Concavity,  Out- 
side-Inside; bellyful,  Entirety-Deficiency;  belly 
fod,  Fasting-Gluttony;  belly  timber,  Nutriment* 
Ixcretion.  i 

ber-o-man"-cy.    Divination  by  arrows.     Prophecy, 

be-long'.  To  be  the  property  of;  to  adhere  to.  Ad- 
mission-Exclusion, Connection-Independence  . 
Constituent-Alien,  Duty-Dereliction,  Holding- 
Exemption,  Might-Impotence,  Property. 

be-long'-ings.     What  one  has  about  him.     Property. 

be-lov'-ed.     Dear  to.     Love-Hate. 

be-low'.  Under  in  time  or  place;  inferior.  Below  its 
full  strength,  Faultlessness-Faultiness  ;  below 
par,  Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Gentility-De- 
mocracy, Goodness-Badness,  Height-Lowness, 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Price-Discount,  Suprem- 
acy-Subordinacy;  below  stairs,  Height-Lowness; 
below  the  mark,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Suprem- 
acy-Subordinacy  ;  here  below,  Universe. 

belt.  A  band;  girdle.  Circle-Winding,  Gulf-Lake, 
Outline;  swimming  belt,  Refuge-Pitfall. 

belt'-ed.    Having  a  mark  like  a  belt.     Circle-Winding. 

Be'-lus.  One  of  the  chief  gods  of  the  Babylonians. 
Jove-Fiend. 

bel"-ve-dere' .  A  pavilion  on  the  top  of  a  house. 
Sight-Blindness. 

be'-ma.     Sanctuary.     Architecture. 

be-mask'.  Cover  with  a  mask.  Enlightenments- 
Secrecy. 


BEMINGLE. 


100 


BENEFACTOR— EVILDOER. 


be-min'-gle.  To  blend  thoroughly.  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity. 

be-mire'.  To  sink  in  the  mire.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness. 

be-moan'.  To  express  pity  for.  Jubilation-Lamen- 
tation. 

he-mused'.    Stupefied.    Heed-Disregard. 

bench.  A  seat;  a  judge's  seat;  a  body  of  judges. 
Council,  Suspension-Support,  Tribunal;  king's 
bench,  Release-Prison. 

bench'-er.  A  senior  member  of  the  English  bar. 
Advocate. 

bend.  To  deflect;  submit;  apply  closely.  Aim-Aber- 
ration, Angularity,  Circuition,  Curvation- 
Rectilinearity,  Elevation-Depression,  Hard- 
ness-Softness, Parallelism-Inclination,  Yield- 
ing; bend  backwards,  Anteriority-Posteriority; 
bend  one's  course,  Aim-Aberration;  bend  one's  look 
upon,  Sight-Blindness;  bend  one's  steps,  Quest- 
Evasion;  bend  over,  Convexity-Concavity;  bend 
sinister,  Reputation-Discredit;  bend  the  bow, 
Toil-Relaxation;  bend  the  brows,  Approval-Dis- 
approval;   bend    the    knee,    Devotion-Idolatry, 


Elevation-Depression,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 
Presumption  -  Obsequiousness,  Regard  -  Disre- 
spect, Selfrespect-Humbleness,  Yielding;  bend 
the  mind,  Heed-Disregard,  Reflection-Vacancy; 
bend  to,  Inclination;  bend  to  one's  will,  Rule- 
License;  bend  to  rules,  Conventionality-Uncon- 
ventionality;  bend  towards,  Aim-Aberration. 

be-neath'.  Under;  below.  Height-Lowness;  beneath 
notice,  Consequence-Insignificance;  beneath  one, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

ben'-e-dict  [Shakespeare].  A  newly  married  man. 
Matrimony-Celibacy. 

Ben'-e-dict  Ar'-nold.  American  traitor.  Patriotism- 
Treason. 

ben"-e-dic'-tine.  Pertaining  to  St.  Benedict  or  his 
order.     Ministry-Laity. 

ben"-e-dic'-tion.  Blessing.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Devotion-Idolatry,  Thankfulness-Thankless- 
ness;  nuptial  benediction,  Matrimony-Celibacy. 

ben"-e-dic'-to-ry.     Blessing.    Approval-Disapproval. 

ben"-e-fac'-tion.    Charitable  gift.    Giving-Receiving. 

ben"-e-fac'-tor.  One  who  confers  a  benefit.  Bene- 
factor-Evildoer, Good  Man-Bad  Man. 


BENEFACTOR— EVILDOER. 


Auxiliary, etc.    One  who  gives  help ,  etc .   See  Antagonist-Assistant. 

Benefactor.     One  who  gives  friendly  help. 

Benefactress.     A  female  benefactor. 

Good  genius.     A  good  spirit  supposed  to  be  attached  to  a  person  to 

influence  their  actions  and  fortunes  for  the  good. 
Good  Samaritan  [Bible].     One  given  to  doing  acts  of  charity. 
Guardian  angel.     The  particular  spirit  believed  to  have  charge  over 

a  person  from  birth. 
Paler  pair  us  [L.].     The  father  of  his  country. 
Salt  of  the  earth,  etc.  [Bible].    Those  who  shall  purify  the  earth.  See 

Good  Man. 
Savior.     One  who  saves  from  destruction. 
Tutelary  saint.     A  canonized  person  invested  with  the  guardianship 

of  a  person  or  thing. 


EVILDOER — Denotations — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Cockatrice.     A  fabled  serpent,  whose  look  and  breath  were  fatal. 

Colorado  beetle.     A  beetle  which  destroys  potato  plants. 

Eumenides.     The  Furies. 

Frankenstein's  monster.  A  fabled  monster,  constructed  by  Frank- 
enstein, which  destroyed  its  author. 

Furies.     Greek  goddesses,  the  avengers  of  iniquities. 

Gerfalcon.     A  large  species  of  Arctic  falcon. 

Ghoul.     An  imaginary  being  supposed  to  feed  on  human  beings. 

Gorilla.     A  very  large  species  of  ape. 

Gyrfalcon.     See  Gerfalcon. 

Harpy.  A  fabulous  monster  with  the  face  of  a  woman  and  the  body 
of  a  vulture. 

Hell-hound.     Fabulous  guardians  of  hell. 

Hornet.     A  large  strong  wasp. 

Hyena.     A  large  carnivorous  animal. 

Jezebel.     A  cruel  queen  of  Israel. 

Locust.     A  large  insect,  which  preys  upon  growing  crops. 

Mohawk,  t  A  member  of  a  band  of  ruffians  who  infested  the  streets  of 

Mohock.  J  London  in  the  time  of  Addison . 

Monster.     Any  large  and  fierce  animal. 

Ogre.     A  hideous  giant  fabled  to  feed  on  human  beings. 

Rattlesnake.     A  snake  whose  bite  is  poisonous. 

Savage.     A  wild  or  uncivilized  person. 

Scorpion.     A  stinging  species  of  lizards. 

Serpent.     A  snake. 

Siren.  One  of  the  three  sea-nymphs,  said  to  allure  passers  by  to 
destruction  by  sweet  singing. 

Tiger.     A  fierce  animal. 

Torpedo.     An  explosive  cap. 

Vampire.     A  ghost  that  sucks  blood. 

Viper.     A  venomous  snake. 

Vultrre.     A  carnivorous  bird 

Wild  beast.     A  dangerous  wild  animal. 

Wireworm.     A  species  of  beetles. 

Evildoer — Phrase, 
Famum  habet  m  cornu  [L  ].     He  has  hay  on  his  horn;  hence,  is  dan- 
gerous. 


Anarchist.     One  who  seeks  to  overthrow  all  civil  authority. 

^thJo^ph^fus.'  I  °ne  who  eats  lmman  flesh;  a  cannib^- 

Barbarian.     One  devoid  of  pity. 

Beldam.     An  ugly  old  woman. 

Blood  sucker.     A  hard  master. 

Bludgeon-man.     Man  with  a  bludgeon  or  short  stick. 

Brute.     An  animal  devoid  of  human  reason. 

Bully.     A  quarrelsome  overbearing  fellow. 

Butcher.     One  causing  needless  loss  of  life. 

Caitiff.     A  wicked  wretch. 

Cannibal.     One  who  eats  human  flesh. 

Communist.     An  advocate  of  equalizing  social  conditions. 

Cut  throat,  etc.     A  murderer.     See  Life-Killing. 

Dangerous  classes.     Ruffian. 

Demon  in  human  shape.     Unscrupulous  scoundrel. 

Desperado .     A  man  without  regard  for  law  or  life . 

Destroyer.     One  who  destroys. 

Devil  incarnate.     One  given  to  all  manner  of  wickedness. 

Evildoer.     Criminal. 

Evilworker.     Worker  of  wickedness. 

Fiend.     A  very  wicked  person. 

Firebrand.     A  person  causing  mischief. 

Hag.     An  ugly  old  woman. 

Hangman.     One  whose  business  it  is  to  hang  people. 

Hellhag.     A  hag  fit  for  hell. 

Iconoclast.     One  who  assails  cherished  beliefs. 

Incendiary.     One  who  maliciously  destroys  property  by  fire. 

Marplot.     One  who  by  meddling  frustrates  a  plan. 

Mischief  maker.    Causer  of  trouble. 

Oppressor.     One  who  oppresses. 

*°"gh-   [A  brutal  fellow. 
Ruffian.  > 

Scourge  of  the  human  race.     (Attila.) 

Semibarbarian.     One  half  civilized. 

Snake  in  the  grass.      An  evildoer  who  seeks  to  conceal  his  real  char 

acter;  a  copperhead. 
Terrorist.     A  partizan  to  the  Reign  of  Terror  in  France. 
Thief,  etc.     One  who  steals,  etc.     See  Robber* 
Tyrant.     One  exercising  unlawful  authority,  especially  cruelly. 
Ugly  customer.     A  disagreeable  person,  especially  to  fight. 
Vandal.     One  who  wilfully  mutilates  that  which  is  beautiful  or  artis 

tic. 
Wrongdoer,  etc.     See  Bad  Man. 

Evildoer — Denotations. 
Adder.     A  serpent 

Anaconda.     A  large  South  American  snake. 
Asp.     A  poisonous  serpent. 

Attila.     A  king  of  the  Huns,  called  "the  Scourge  of  God." 
Bane.     That  which  destroys  life.     See  Remedy-Bane. 
Blood-hound.     A  large  dog  used  for  tracking  criminals. 
Canker-worm.     A  moth  which  destroys  fruit  trees. 
Cobra.     A  large  poisonous  snake. 

(Continued  on  Column  i.» 


BENEFACTRESS. 


101 


BESTE/A)." 


ben"-e-fac'-tress.  A  female  benefactor.  Benefactor- 
Evildoer. 

ben'-e-fice.    A  church  living.    Church. 

be-nef'-i-cence.  Active  goodness.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Goodness-Badness. 

be-nef'-i-cent.  Delighting  in  good  works.  Chari- 
tableness-Malevolence, Goodness-Badness. 

ben"-e-fi'-cial.  Helpful.  Good-Evil,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness; beneficial  interest,  Property. 

ben"-e-fi'-cial-ly.  Advantageously.  Goodness-Bad- 
ness. 

ben"-e-fi'-cia-ry.  One  who  holds  a  benefice;  one  bene- 
fited by  another.  Giving-Receiving.  Holder,  Min- 
istry-Laity. 

ben'-e-fit.  Advantage;  favor  bestowed.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence, Gain-Loss,  Good-Evil,  Good- 
ness-Badness, Obstruction-Help,  Property,  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness;  reap  the  benefit  of,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Success-Failure,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness. 

ben'-e-fits.  Favors.  Benefits  forgot,  Thankfulness- 
Thanklessness. 

bene,  quamdiu  se  gesserit  [L.]  (bi'-ni,  quam'-dai-yiu  si 
jes'-ser-it) .  During  good  behavior.  Duty-Dere- 
liction. 

beneplacito,  a  vostro  [It.]  (be-ne-pla-chi'-to,  a  vos'-tro) . 
At  your  pleasure;  as  you  will.  Volition-Obliga- 
tion. 

be-nev'-o-lence.  Disposition  to  do  good.  Chari- 
tableness-Malevolence, Good  Man-Bad  Man, 
Love-Hate,  Price-Discount;  universal  benevo- 
lence, Humanitarianism-Misanthropy. 

be-nev'-o-lent.  Charitable.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence. 

Ben"-gal'.  A  division  of  India.  Bengal  heat,  Heat- 
Cold. 

be-night'-ed.  Ignorant.  Knowledge -Ignorance, 
Light-Darkness. 

be-nign'.    Kind.    Healthiness-Unhealthiness. 

be-nig'-nant.  Gracious.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence. 

ije-nig'-ni-ty.  Kindliness.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence. 

ben'-i-son.     A  blessing.     Approval-Disapproval. 

Ben'-ja-min.  A  corruption  used  only  in  compounds. 
Benjamin's  mess,  Supremacy-Subordinacy,  Whole- 
Part. 

ben'-shie.     A  fairy  visitant.     Jove-Fiend. 

bent.  Curve;  tendency.  Affections,  Angularity, 
Desire-Distaste,  Inclination,  Readiness-Re- 
luctance; bent  on,  Desire-Distaste,  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation, Purpose-Luck,  Readiness-Re- 
luctance; fool  to  the  top  of  one's  bent,  Society- 
Derision. 

Ben'-tham-ite.  Philanthropist.  Humanitarianism- 
Misanthropy. 

ben  trovato  [It.]  (ben  tro-va'-to).  Well  found.  Fancy, 
Likelihood-Unlikelihood,  Truthfulness- Fabri- 
cation, Wittiness-Dulness. 

be-numb'.  Deaden.  Heating-Cooling,  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy, Sensuality-Suffering. 

be-plas'-ter.  Cover  with  plaster.  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement. 

be-praise'.     Commend.     Approval-Disapproval. 

be-queath'.    Give  by  will.     Giving-Receiving. 

be-quest'.    A  legacy  left  by  will.    Giving-Receiving. 

be-reave'.     Despoil.     Taking-Restitution. 

be-reave'-ment.  A  grievous  loss.  Gain-Loss,  Life- 
Death,  Taking-Restitution. 

be-reft'.  Deprived  of.  Affluence-Penury,  Gain- 
Loss,  Property;  bereft  of  reason,  Saneness- 
Lunacy.  • 

berg.     An  iceberg.     Heat-Cold. 

ber'-ga-mot.    A  kind  of  pear;  snuff.    Perfume-Stench. 


ber'-lin.  A  four-wheeled  carriage.  Conveyance" 
Vessel. 

ber-ret'-ta.    A  cardinal's  red  cap.    Dress-Undress. 

berth.  A  bed  in  a  vessel;  an  office.  Dweller-Habi- 
tation, Occupation,  Suspension-Support. 

ber'-yl.  A  greenish  mineral  or  gem.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement,  Redness-Greenness. 

be-seech'.  To  entreat.  Devotion-Idolatry,  Peti- 
tion-Expostulation. 

be-seem'.     Befit.     Duty-Dereliction. 

be-set'.  To  shut  in  on  all  sides.  Attack-Defense 
Environment-Interposition, Leading-Following, 
Petition-Expostulation,  Pleasurablenes^- Pain- 
fulness;  beset  with  difficulties,  Difficulty-Fa- 
cility. 

be-set'-ting.  Constantly  troubling.  Habit-Desue- 
tude, Universality-Particularity;  besetting  sin, 
Virtue-Vice. 

be-shrew'.     To  wish  ill  to.     Charitableness-Curse. 

be-side'.  At  the  side;  except.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Laterality-Contraposition, 
Remoteness-Nearness;  beside  oneself,  Excitation, 
Saneness-Lunacy;  beside  the  mark,  Connection- 
Independence,  Truth-Error. 

be-sides'.     Over  and  above.     Addition-Subtraction. 

be-siege'.  To  lay  siege  to.  Attack-Defense,  Peti- 
tion-Expostulation. 

besique  [F.]  (be-zic').  A  game  of  cards.  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 

be-slav'-er.  Bespatter;  sully.  Adulation-Dispar- 
agement. 

be-slime'.    Cover  with  slime.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

be-slub'-ber.     Bedaub.     Adulation-Disparagement. 

be-smear'.  To  soil.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Cover- 
Lining. 

be-smirch'.    To  defile.    Adulation-Disparagement. 

be'-som.    A  drab;  broom.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

be-sot'-ted.  Stupefied  in  mind  or  morals.  Decision- 
Misjudgment. 

be-span'-gle.  To  adorn  with  spangles.  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement. 

be-spat'-ter.  To  soil  by  spattering.  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement, Approval-Disapproval,  Cleanness- 
Filthiness. 

be-speak'.  To  ask  for  in  advance.  Commission-Ab- 
rogation,  Earliness-Lateness,   Evidence-Coun- 

TEREVIDENCE,     MeANING-JaRGON,    PeTITION-ExPOS- 

tulation,  Recklessness-Caution. 

be-speck'-le.     To  cover  with  specks.     Variegation. 

be-spot'.     To  cover  with  spots.     Variegation. 

be-sprin'-kle.  To  scatter  over.  Mixture-Homoge- 
neity, Variegation. 

Bes'-se-mer.     A  kind  of  steel.     Chemistry. 

best.  First  rate;  most  desirable.  Faultlessness- 
Faultiness,  Goodness-Badness;  all  for  the  best, 
Contentedness-Discontentment,Good-Evil,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness,  Welfare-Misfortune; 
best  bib  and  tucker,  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment, Pomp,  Preparation-Nonpreparation;  best 
intentions,  Charitableness-Malevolence;  best  is 
the  best,  Goodness-Badness;  best  part,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness,  Whole-Part;  do  one's  best,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Carefulness-Carelessness, 
Toil-Relaxation,  Venture;  have  the  best  of  it, 
Success-Failure;  make  the  best  of  it,  Composition, 
Excitability  -  Inexcitability,  Overvaluation  - 
Undervaluation,  Sanguineness  -  Hopelessness, 
Use-Disuse,  Yielding;  make  the  best  of  one's  time, 
Hurry-Leisure;  to  the  best  of  one's  belief,  Faith- 
Misgiving. 

Beste  ist  gut  genug,  das  [G.]  (bes'-te  ist  gut  ge-mm'. 
das).  The  best  is  good  enough.  Enough,  Fault 
lessness-Faultiness. 

be-stead'.     Help.     Usefulness-Uselessness. 


BESTIAL. 


102 


BETTERMENT— DETERIORATION. 


bes'-tial.  Pertaining  to  beasts;  brutish.  Purity-Im- 
purity. 

be-stir'.  To  move  quickly.  Bestir  oneself,  Activity- 
Indolence,  Hurry-Leisure,  Toil-Relaxation. 

be-stow7.  To  confer.  Giving-Receiving;  bestow  one's 
hand,  Matrimony-Celibacy;  bestow  thought,  Re- 
flection-Vacancy. 

be-stow'-al.     Gift.     Giving-Receiving. 

be-strad'-dle.    To  stand  over.     Suspension-Support. 

be-stride'.  To  get  or  sit  upon  astride.  Height-Low- 
ness,  Suspension-Support. 

bet.     A  wager.     Purpose-Luck. 

be-take'.  To  have  recourse  to.  Betake  oneself  to. 
Enterprise,  Occupation,  Traveling-Navigation, 
Use-Disuse. 

bete,  pas  si  [F.]  (bet,  pa  si).  Not  such  a  fool.  Sagac- 
ity-Incapacity. 

bete  noire  [F.]  (betnwar).  A  black  beast;  a  bugbear. 
Love-Hate,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

beth'-el.     A  seaman's  chapel.     Fane. 

be-think'.  Consider.  Mind-Imbecility,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness. 

be-thrall  .  To  enthrall.  Liberty -Subjection,  Re- 
lease-Restraint. 

be-tide'.     To  befall.     Occurrence-Destiny. 

be-times'.     Seasonably.     Earliness-Lateness. 

be-to'-ken.  To  signify.  Evidence-Counterevidence, 
Prophecy,  Sign. 

be-tray'.     To  deliver  up  to  an  enemy;  mislead.     Ex- 

POSURE-HlDINGPLACE,  PaTRIOTISM-TrEASON.TrUTH- 


fulness-Fraud,  Uprightness-Dishonesty;  betray 
itself,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

be-tray'-al.  Act  of  betraying.  Patriotism-Treason, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

be-tray'-er.  One  who  betrays.  Patriotism-Treason, 
Uprightness-Rogue. 

be-trim'.    Array.    Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

be-troth'.  To  engage  to  marry.  Engagement-Re- 
lease, Matrimony-Celibacy. 

be-troth'-al.  Engagement  to  marry.  Engagement- 
Release. 

be-trothed'.     Engaged  to  marry.     Love-Hate. 

be-troth'-ment.  Mutual  marriage  contract.  Engage- 
ment-Release. 

bet'-ter.  Preferable;  superior.  Engraving,  Gull- 
Deceiver;  better  half,  Matrimony-Celibacy;  better 
sort,  Gentility-Democracy;  for  better  for  worse, 
Choice-Neutrality,  Matrimony-Celibacy;  get  bet- 
ter, Betterment-Deterioration,  Health-Sick- 
ness,  Renovation-Relapse,  Weariness-Refresh- 
ment; get  the  better  of,  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Renovation-Relapse,  Success-Failure; 
only  better  than  nothing,  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness;  seen  better  days,  Affluence-Penury,  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration, Welfare-Misfortune  ; 
think  better  of,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Re- 
pentance-Obduracy. 

bet'-ter-ment.  Improvement.  Betterment-Deterj- 
oration. 


BETTERMENT— DETERIORATION. 


Advance.     Progress;  improvement.     See  Advance. 
Advancement.     The  act  of  advancing  and  improving. 
Amelioration.     The  act  of  improving  or  of  growing  better;  the  state 

of  being  improved . 
Amendment.     The  act  of  changing  for  the  better  by  removing  errors 

or  defects. 
Ascent,  etc.     See  Ascent. 
Betterment.     The  act  of  moving  or  causing  to  move  from  one  degree 

of  excellence  to  a  higher. 
Civilization.     National  improvement  or  culture. 
Correction.     The  removal  of  errors  or  evils ;  the  act  of  setting  right . 
Cultivation.     The  act  of  tilling  the  soil  with  a  view  to  improving  it ; 

improvement  in  mental,  moral,  or  physical  condition. 
Culture.     The  result  of  cultivating ;  refinement  in  manners  or  speech ; 

improvement  in  mental  or  moral  condition. 
Elaboration.     The  act  of  working  out  anything  into  detailed  com- 
pleteness by  successive  operations. 
Elevation.     An  uplifting.     See  Elevation. 
Emendation.     The  improvement  of  a  document  by  the  removal  of 

errors  or  corruptions. 
Improvement.     The  act  of  advancing  toward  what  is  better. 
Increase.     A  growing  larger  or  greater.     See  Increase. 
Melioration.     The  act  of  improving  or  of  making  more  tolerable ;  the 

state  of  being  improved. 
Mend.     The  condition  or  course  of  repairing,  reforming,  or  helping. 
Mending.etc.     Repairing,  reforming  or  helping,  etc.     See  Verbs, 
Preferment.     The  state  of  being  advanced. 
Promotion.     The  act  of  advancing  or  promoting. 
Purification.     The  act  of  purifying.     See  Cleanness. 
Radical  reform.     Fundamental  or  thoroughgoing  reform. 
Recovery,  etc.     Restoration,  as  from  sickness.     See  Renovation. 
Refinement.     Personal  cultivation;  fineness  or  delicacy  of  thought, 

taste,  etc. 
Reform.     Amendment  of  what  is  evil  or  defective. 
Reformation.     The  act  of  changing  from  wose  to  better,  or  the  state 

of  being  improved . 
Repair,  etc.     Restoration  after  decay,  injury,  wasting  away,  etc.  See 

Renovation. 
Revise.     A  revision. 
Revision.     The  act  of  revising  or  reexamining  for  correction. 

Betterment — Denotations. 

March  of  intellect.     Intellectual  improvement. 

New  edition.     A  publication  issued  after  its  former  publication. 

Second  thought.     More  mature  and  deliberate  thought. 


Adulteration.     The  act  of  making  impure  by  mixing  with  other 

baser  ingredients',  the  state  of  being  adulterated. 
Alloy.     Combination  of  metals,  resulting  in  their  depreciation. 
Atrophy.     Wasting  away  or  emaciation  of  the  body  or  any  part  of 

the  body. 
Blight.     Decay  mildew. 
Caducity.     Weakness  of  old  age. 
Collapse.     Extreme  dejection  of  the  vital  powers. 
Contamination.     The  act  of  making  impure  or  defiling  by  contact 

with  something  baser. 
Corrosion.     The  act  of  gradually  wearing  away. 
Corruption.     The  act  of  putrefying  or  causing  to  become  putrid: 

pollution;  deterioration. 
Damage.     Injury  to  person,  property,  or  fame. 
Debasement.     The  act  of  degrading  or  the  state  of  being  degraded; 

deterioration. 

t.  '  f  A  process  of  declining;  deterioration. 

Decaaency.  J 

Decay.     Gradual  decline  toward  dissolution;    corruption;    deteri- 
oration. 
Declension.     Decline;  deterioration. 

Declination.     The  act  or  state  of  declining  or  deteriorating. 
Decline.     Deterioration;  tendency  to  a  worse  condition. 
Decrease.     A  becoming  less;  decay.     See  Increase-Decrease. 
Decrepitude.     The  state  of  being  enfeebled  by  old  age. 
Defedation.     The  act  of  polluting. 
Degeneracy.     The  state  of  having  become  inferior  to  the  normal 

condition. 
Degenerateness.     Degeneracy. 
Degeneration.     The  act  or  state  of  deteriorating. 
Degradation.     The  act  of  debasing ;  the  state  of  being  debased. 
Dttabrement  [F.]      Ruin;  decay.     See  Creation-Destruction. 
Delaceration.     lrie  act  of  tearing  to  pieces. 
Demoralization.     The  act  of  debasing  the  morals  of;   the  state  of 

being  debased  in  morals. 
Depravation.     The  act  of  corrupting,  especially  in  morals;  the  state 

of  being  corrupted  or  deteriorated. 
Depravement.     Depravity. 
Depravity.     The    state    of   being   depraved,   or  generally    bad    in 

character.     See  Virtue-Vice. 
Deterioration.     The  act  or  process  of  growing  worse,  or  the  state  of 

having  grown  worse. 
Detriment.     Something  that  causes  loss  or  injury;  injury. 
Dilapidation.     The  process  of  falling  into  ruin  or  decay. 
Discoloration.     The  act  of  altering  the  natural  color  of;  the  state  of 

being  discolored. 


BETTERMENT. 


103 


BETTERMENT— DETERIORATION. 


BETTERMENT— DETERIORATION— Continued. 


Betterment — Nouns  oj  Cause,  etc. 

Linus  labor  [L.j|.  The  labor  of  the  file;  the  polishing  of  a  literary- 
composition. 

Radical.  One  who  advocates  extreme  measures  of  change  in  social 
institutions  with  a  view  to  improvement. 

Reformer.     One  who  counsels  or  works  for  reform . 

Betterment — Verbs. 

Advance.     Progress;  improve.     See  Advance. 

Ameliorate.     Improve  or  make  better. 

Amend.     Change  or  correct  in  order  to  improve. 

Appeal  from  Philip  drunk  to  Philip  sober.     [Valerius  Maximus,  vi,  2.] 

Ascend.     Move  upward.     See  Ascent. 

Be  better,  etc.     Be  improved,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Become  better.      Improve. 

Be  improved  by.     Be  made  better  by. 

Better.     To  improve  the  condition  of. 

Bolster  up.  To  improve  the  condition  of  by  propping  up  or  encour- 
aging. 

Bring  forward.     Promote;  advance. 

Bring  on.     Cause  to  begin. 

Brighten  up.     Improve  by  polishing. 

Brush  up.     Improve;  cleanse. 

Come  about.     Change;  improve. 

Cook.     To  improve  food,  by  the  agency  of  fire  or  heat. 

Correct.     To  better  by  removing  faults  or  errors;  to  set  straight. 

Cultivate.  Better  the  soil  by  tillage;  improve  physical,  mental,  or 
moral  condition. 

Doctor,  etc.  Improve  by  applying  remedies  or  by  repairing,  etc. 
See  Remedy. 

Elaborate.     Improve  by  working  out  into  details. 

Enhance.     Better  by  increasing  value  or  attractiveness. 

Enrich.     Improve  by  adorning  or  fertilizing. 

Fatten.  Make  cattle  ready  for  slaughter  by  feeding;  better  the  soil 
by  enriching. 

Forward.     Promote;  further. 

Foster,  etc.     Aid;  encourage.     See  Obstruction-Help. 

Fructify.     Make  fruitful. 

Furbish  up.     Improve  by  brightening. 

Get  better.     Improve. 

Improve.     Advance  toward  the  better. 

Improve  upon.     Better  by  amendments  to  or  changes  in. 

Increase,  etc.     Grow  larger  or  greater,  etc.     See  Increase. 

Infuse  new  blood  into.     Figurative  for  give  life  and  strength  to. 

Invigorate.     Improve  by  strengthening. 

Lessen,  etc.,  an  evil.     See  Increase-Decrease. 

Make  capital  out  of.  Augment  one's  power  or  influence  by  taking 
advantage  of  anything. 

Make  corrections.     Correct. 

Make  good  use  of.     Use  to  the  best  advantage. 

Make  improvements,  etc.     Improve,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Make  the  most  of.     Value  highly;  use  completely. 

Mature.     Develop  to  completion. 

Meliorate.     Improve;  better. 

Mellow.     To  make  mellow,  as  fruit;  make  perfect. 

Mend.     Repair;  set  right;  improve. 

Mitigate.     Make  less  harsh;  soften. 

New  model.     Give  a  new  and  improved  form  to. 

Palliate.     Cloak;  extenuate. 

Pick  up.     Gradually  improve. 

Place  to  good  account.     Make  good  use  of. 

Polish.  Make  smooth;  make  polite;  better  by  removing  roughness 
and  rudeness. 

Profit  by.     Gain  or  improve  by. 

Promote.     Advance;  forward. 

Prune.     Improve  by  cutting  off,  as  branches. 

Purify,  etc.     Make  clear"  free  from  sin;  etc.     See  Cleanness. 

Put  in  order,  etc.     See  Organization. 

Raise  one's  head.      Figurative  for  improve. 

Rally.     Reunite:  restore;  revive. 

Reap  the  benefit  of.     Receive  the  reward  of. 

Recover.  Regain  a  former  state  or  condition;  restore  See  Reno- 
vation 

Recruit.     Furnish  with  fresh  supplies. 

Rectify.     Set  right;  amend. 

Refine  upon.     Improve  in  whatever  constitutes1  excellence. 

Reform.     Change  from  worse  to  better;  improve. 

Refresh .     Rei  n  vigorate . 

Relieve.     Alleviate;  lighten. 

Remodel.     Change  the  form  so  as  to  improve. 

Render  better.     Improve. 

Reorganize.     Organize  anew  with  a  view  to  improvement. 


Disorganization.     The  act  of  throwing  into  disorder. 

Erosion.     The  act  of  wearing  away,  or  the  state  of  being  worn  away. 

Falling  off,  etc.     Decadence,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Havoc.     General  destruction. 

Impairment.     The  state  of  growing  worse  or  being  deteriorated. 

Injury.     Any  wrong  or  hurt  done  to  a  person  or  thing. 

Inquination.     Pollution. 

Loss.     Damage;  detriment;  injury. 

Marasmus.     Wasting  away  of  flesh  when  there  is  apparently  no 
disease. 

Moldiness.     The  state  of  being  covered  with  any  fungous  growth. 

Oxidation.     The  act  of  combining  a  compound  with  oxygen. 

Outrage.     Excessive  injury;    wanton  mischief  done  to  any  person 
or  thing. 

Perversion.     Deterioration  from  truth  or  right 

Poisoning.     Destroying  with  poison;  corrupting. 

Pollution.     Deterioration  from  cleanness  or  purity. 

Prostitution.     The  state  of  being  devoted  to  lewdness;  deterioration 
from  chastity. 

Recession.     Retrocession ;     retrogression.      See     Approach  -  With- 
drawal. 

Retrogradation,  etc.     Deterioration,  etc.    See  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion. 

Retrogression.     A  going  back;  deterioration;  degeneration. 

Rottenness.     The  quality  of  being  decayed. 

Scath.     Injury;  harm;  damage. 

Venenation.      Poisoning. 

Vitiation.     Depravation;  corruption. 

Deterioration — Figurative  Nouns. 

Dry-rot.     The  decay  of  timber;  corruption  of  character. 

Ebb.     The  falling  of  the  tide;  hence,  a  decreasing. 

Honeycomb.     The  wax  which  encloses  the  honey. 

Magni  nominis  umbra  [L.].    [Lucan,  Pharsalia,  i,  135  I    The  shadow 
of  a  great  name. 

Mere  wreck.     Utter  worthlessness. 

Moth  and  rust.     Anything  which  causes  destruction.     [Bible.] 

Ravages  of  time.     Wear  and  use  caused  by  age. 

Wane.     The  lessening  of  the  moon;  hence,  a  lessening. 

Wear  and  tear.     Destruction  by  use. 

Wreck.     A  destruction. 

Deterioration — Nouns  oj  Cause. 

Blight.     That  which  blasts  one's  plans  or  hopes. 

Canker.     An  ulcer  producing  corrosion ;  a  disease  peculiar  to  tree*, 
which  corrupts  the  bark  and  causes  it  to  fall  off 

Inroad.     A  hostile  attack  producing  disorganization. 

Leaven.     Any  substance  which  produces  fermentation. 

Ravage.     A  violent  action  causing  ruin  or  destruction. 

Deterioration — Verbs. 
Acerbate.     To  make  worse  by  souring. 

Adulterate.     To  deteriorate  by  mixing  with  baser  ingredients. 
Aggravate.     Make  worse  or  less  tolerable. 
Alloy.     Form  into  an  alloy;  debase;  deteriorate. 
Become    deteriorated,  etc.     Become    worse    in    quality,    etc      See 

Adjectives. 
Become  worse.     Deteriorate. 

Be  deteriorated,  etc.     Be  worse  in  quality,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Be  the  worse  for.     Become  less  good  for. 
Be  worse.     Be  less  good. 

Blemish.     To  make  worse  by  deforming  or  defaming. 
Blight.     Blast;  mar;  ruin. 

Break.     Divide  into  parts  by  violence;  destroy  the  utility  of. 
Breakdown.     Fail;  fail  in  health. 
Break  up.     Separate  into  parts;  scatter 
Brutalize.     Make  or  become  beastly  or  inhuman. 
Canker.     Corrode;  corrupt;  deteriorate;  eat  as  a  canker. 
Contaminate.     Pollute  by  contact. 
Corrode.     Wear  away  gradually ;  impair 
Corrupt.     Deprave;  make  false:  make  worthless. 
Crack.     Deteriorate  the  value  by  splitting. 
Cripple.     Disable;  render  less  useful.  , 

Crumble.     Deteriorate  by  falling  into  small  pieces. 
Damage.     Harm;  injure. 

Damnify,  etc.     Injure;  hurt;  damage.     See  Goodness-Badness. 
Deal  a  blow  to.     Injure;  harm. 
Debase.     Degrade ;   depreciate. 

Debauch.     To  make  or  become  deteriorated  in  morals 
Decay.     Become  rotten;  deteriorate. 
Decimate.     Destroy  a  large  part  of;  a  tenth  of. 
Decline.     Diminish;  decay  ;  deteriorate. 
Deface.     Mar  the  face  of ;  disfigure. 


BETTERMENT. 


104 


BETTERMENT— DETERIORATION. 


BETTERMENT— DETERIORATION— Continued. 


BETTERMENT— Vubs— Continued. 
Repair,  etc.     Restore  after  decay,  injury,  etc.     See  Renovation. 
Review.     Examine  to  find  the  defects  or  excellences  of. 
Revise.     Improve  by  changes  and  corrections. 
Ripen.     Mature;  perfect. 
Rub  up.      Refresh  one's  memory. 
Setoff  to  advantage.     Adorn;  embellish. 
Sow  one's  wild  oats.     To  live  a  wild,  reckless  life. 
Take  a  favorable  turn.     Improve. 
Think  better  of.     Improve  one's  opinion  of. 
Touch  up.     Improve  by  touches. 

Turn  over  a  new  leaf.     Change  radically  one's  way  of  living. 
Turn  the  corner.     Begin  to  improve. 
Turn  to  best  account.) 
Turn  to  good.  >  Make  profitable. 

Turn  to  right.  ) 

Vamp  up.     Patch;  repair. 

View  in  a  new  light.     Consider  from  a  new  standpoint. 
Warm  up.     Improve  in  ardor;  become  animated. 

Betterment — Adjectives. 
All  the  better  for.     Much  improved  for. 
Better.     Preferable;  improved  in  health. 
Better  advised.     Better  informed. 
Better  for.     Improved  for. 
Better  off.     In  a  better  condition. 
Corrigible.     That  may  be  set  right  or  amended. 
Emendatory.      Relating  to  improvement. 
Improvable.     That  may  be  improved. 
Improved,  etc.     Bettered,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Improving,  etc .     Growing  better ;  turning  to  best  account. 
Progressive.     Improving. 

Reformatory.     Tending  to  produce  a  change  from  worse  to  better. 
Remedial,  etc.     Corrective ;  affording  a  remedy.     See  Remedy. 
Reparatory,  etc      Amending  defects,  etc.     See  Renovation. 

B  ett  erm  ent — A  dverbs . 
Ad  melius  inquirendum  [L.].     After  more  thorough  investigation. 
On  better  advice.     After  receiving  further  information. 
On  consideration.     After  considering. 
On  reconsideration.     After  reconsidering. 
On  second  thoughts.     After  thinking  the  matter  over. 

Betterment — Phrase. 
Urbem  lateritiam  invenit,  marmoream  reliquit   [L.].      He  found  the 
city  brick,  he  (Augustus  Caesar)  left  it  marble. 


DETERIORATION— Verbs— Continued  from  Column  2. 

Prejudice.      Impair;  injure. 

Prostitute.     Apply  to  low  or  unworthy  purposes. 

Put  back.     Delay;  retard. 

Rankle.     Fester  or  produce  festering;  inflame.. 

Ravage.     Lay  waste;  devastate;  despoil. 

Render  vicious,  etc.     See  Virtue-Vice. 

Retrograde.  Go  backward;  become  worse.  See  Advance-Retro- 
gression. 

Rot.     Corrupt;  decay;  decompose. 

Run  to  seed.  Use  up  vitality  in  producing  seed;  figurative  of  to  lose 
vital  force. 

Run  to  waste.     Become' spoiled,  useless  or  exhausted. 

Rust.  To  contract  or  become  affected  with  rust;  become  useless 
from  neglect  or  inaction. 

Sap.     Undermine ;  weaken ;  destroy  the  foundation  of. 

Sap  the  foundations  of.     Subvert  by  destroying  the  foundation  of. 

Scathe.     Harm  severely;  blast. 

Scotck.     Cut  slightly;  chip. 

Shake.     Weaken;  render  infirm. 

Shend.     Injure;  spoil;  degrade. 

Shrivel.     Wither.     See  Enlargement-Diminution. 

Sophisticate.     Make  impure;  adulterate. 

Spoil.     Destroy  the  usefulness  or  value  of ;  decay. 

Spring  a  leak.     Begin  to  leak. 

Stab.     Pierce  with  a  pointed  instrument,  as  a  dagger;  wound. 

Stain,  etc.     See  Uncleanness. 

Start.     Draw  away  the  contents  of;  become  dislocated. 

Surbate.     To  bruise;  to  fatigue. 

Swale.     To  waste  away  by  melting;  singe. 

Sweal.     Scorch;  swale;  singe. 

Taint.     Corrupt;  infect;  sully. 

Tamper  with.     Meddle  with  so  as  to  injure. 

Totter.     Waver. 

Totter  to  its  fall.     Stagger,  threatening  to  fall. 


DETERIORATION— Verbs— Continued. 
Defile.     Make  impure;  pollute. 
Deflower.     Take  away  the  purity  of. 
Degenerate.     Become  worse;  deteriorate. 
Degrade.     Debase;  degenerate. 
Demoralize.     Deteriorate  in  morals. 
Denaturalize.     Make  unnatural;  deprive  of  citizenship. 
Deprave.     Make  bad  or  worse,  especially  in  morals. 
Despoil.     Deprive  of  by  force ;  pillage. 
Destroy.     Ruin;  lay  waste.     See  Creation-Destruction. 
Deteriorate.     Make  or  become  worse;  degenerate. 
Die      Lose  life;  expire.     See  Life-Death. 

Dilapidate.     Deteriorate  like  a  stone  wall;  decay;  fall  into rul>. 
Discolor.     Change  the  natural  color  of;  put  a  false  color  on. 
Disfigure.     Injure  the  form  of;  make  worse  in  appearance. 
Dismantle.     Divest  of  furniture  and  equipments. 
Dismast.     Take  away  the  mast  or  masts  of. 
Disorganize.     Throw  into  disorder;  disarrange. 
Do  one's  worst.     Put  forth  one's  worst  efforts. 
Droop.     Let  hang  down;  sink  from  lack  of  vigor  or  spirit;  decline 
Ebb.     Fail;  decline;  recede,  as  the  tide. 
Embase.     Degrade ;   deteriorate. 
Embitter.     Make  bitter,  sad,  morose. 
Empoison.     Make  bitter;  injure;  deteriorate. 
Envenom.     Poison;  embitter. 
Erode.     Eat  away;  corrode. 
Ezulcerate.     Corrode. 

Fade.     Become  indistinct;  lose  color,  spirit,  vigor. 
Fall  into  decay.     Become  corrupt;  deteriorate. 
"Fall  into  the  sear  and  yellow  leaf.'*     Wither.    [Macbeth,  V,  *.) 
Fall  off .     Deteriorate;  depreciate. 
Gnaw.     Waste  away  little  by  little ;  corrode. 
Gnaw  at  the  root  of.     Eat  away  the  root  by  slow  degreet. 
Go  bad.     Go  astray. 
Go  down,  etc.     See  Ascent-Descent. 
Go  down  hill.     Get  worse  and  worse. 
Go  farther  and  fare  worse.     Go  from  bad  to  worse. 
Go  off.     Deteriorate;  decline. 
Go  on  from  bad  to  worse.     Deteriorate. 
Go  to  decay.     Become  corrupt;  deteriorate- 
Hamstring.     Disable  by  cutting  the  ten-Ions  of  the  knee;   hence 

incapacitate . 
Harm.     Wrong;  injure;  damage. 

Have  seen  better  days.     Be  in  a  deteriorated  condition. 
Hit  between  wind  and  water.     Injure  at  *>•"  load  line,  the  danger-lir* 

of  a  ship. 
Hough.     Disable;  hamstring.  * 

Hurt.     Harm;  injure. 
Impair.     Lessen  in  value  or  quantity. 
Infect.     Corrupt;  communicate  infectious  Matter  to. 
Injure.     Harm;  damage. 
Inquinate.     Pollute;  befoul. 

Jump  out  of  the  frying  pan  into  the  fire.     G*"l-Vjm  bad  to  wont- 
Knock  down.     Overthrow  by  a  blow. 
Labefy.     Impair;  weaken. 
Lame.     Make  lame. 

Lapse.     Deteriorate  in  moral  conduct;  slip  from  **»•  H«S1  . 
Leaven.     Ferment  by  the  action  of  leaven",  vitiaU.. 
Maim.     Disable;  impair. 

Mangle.     Mutilate;  make  a  blundering  job  of. 
Mar.     Impair;  injure. 
Mine.     To.ruin  gradually  and  secretly. 
Molder.     To  crumble  or  waste  away. 
Mutilate.     Disfigure;  maim. 
Overrun.     Ravage;  infest. 

Perish.     Die;  decay.     See  Creation-Destruction. 
Pervert.     Corrupt;  turn  from  its  proper  use. 
Pierce.     Penetrate;  make  an  opening  into. 
Pillage.     Plunder;  strip.     See  Theft. 
Play  havoc  among.     Spread  destruction  among. 
Play  havoc  with.     Lay  waste;  destroy. 
Play  sad  havoc  among. 
Play  sad  havoc  with. 

Play  the  deuce  among.     Euphemistic  for  play  the  devil  among. 
Play  the  deuce  with.     Euphemistic  for  play  the  devil  with. 
Play  the  mischief  among.  I  r»    _     u  u  *».        -A  , 

Play  the  mischief  with       J  Do  much  harm :  throw  mto  dlsordeI 
Play  the  very  devil  among.)  T    .  , 

Play  the  very  devil  with.     J  InJure  e*tre™ly. 
Poison.     Administer  poison  to;  corrupt;  prejudice. 
Pollute.     Corrupt;  defile. 

(Continued  on  Column  1.) 


BETTERMENT— DETERIORATION. 


105 


BEYOND. 


DETERIORATION— Verbs—  Continued, 


Undermine.     To  ruin  secretly  or  stealthily. 

Vitiate.     Impair;  contaminate. 

Wane,  etc.     Decline  gradually.     See  Increase-Decrease. 

Warp.     Turn  from  its  true  path ;  deviate. 

Waste.     Use  unnecessarily ;  squander;  make  desolate. 


Weaken.     Enfeeble;  lessen  in  strength .     See  Strength-Weakness 
Wear  away.     Impair  or  destroy  gradually;  consume. 
Wear  out.     Make  useless;  consume  the  strength  of. 
Wither.     Deteriorate  for  want  of  moisture;  blight;  languish 
Wound.     Hurt  with  violence;  cause  grief  to. 


Deterioration — Adjectives. 


All  the  worse  for.     Injured  on  account  of. 

Altered.     Changed. 

Altered  for  the  worse.     Changed  so  as  to  be  worse  than  before. 

At  a  low  ebb.     In  a  low  condition. 

Battered.     Beaten  so  as  to  be  bruised  or  deteriorated. 

Blighted.     Blasted;  marred. 

Broken  down.     Enfeebled;  dilapidated. 

Cankered.     Affected  with  canker;  ill-natured. 

Crumbling.     Falling  into  decay  or  ruin ;  deteriorating. 

Decayed,  etc.     Deteriorated  as  to  physical  or  social  condition;  rot* 

ten,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Deciduous.     Falling  off;  subject  to  be  shed  periodically. 

Decrepif."}^01110^*'  enfeebled- 

Degenerate.     Deteriorated  in  worth  or  goodness. 

Deleterious,  etc.     Hurtful;  pernicious.     See  Goodness-Badness. 

Depraved,  etc.     Morally  corrupt.     See  Virtue-Vice. 

Deteriorated,  etc.     Having  become  worse,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Dilapidated.     Decayed;  partially  ruined. 

Discolored.     Altered  in  color;  stained. 

Done  for.     Tired  out;  destroyed. 

Done  up.     Exhausted. 

Effete.     Not  able  to  produce  any  longer;  exhausted;  sterile. 

Faded.     Deteriorated  in  color,  freshness  or  brightness. 

Far  gone.     Very  much  deteriorated. 

Fatigued.     Worn  out;  tired.     See  Entertainment- Weariness. 

Fit  for  the  dust  hole.     Valueless;  useless. 

Fit  for  the  waste-paper  basket.     Valueless;  useless. 

Imperfect.     Defective.     See  Faultlessness-Fatjltiness. 

In  a  bad  way.     Badly  situated. 

Injured,  etc.     Damaged;  hurt;  harmed.     See  Verbs. 

Mildewed.     Tainted  with  mildew. 

Moldering.     Crumbling  into  small  pieces. 

Moldy.     Covered  over  with  or  containing  mold. 

Moss-grown.     Grown  over  with  moss. 

Moth-eaten.     Eaten  by  moths. 

Nodding  to  its  fall.     See  Creation-Destruction. 

On  one*s  last  legs.     On  the  brink  of  ruin. 

On  the  decline.     Declining;  deteriorating. 

On  the  wane.     Decreasing. 

Out  of  repair.     In  bad  condition . 

Out  of  tune.     Discordant;  inharmonious. 

Deterioration — Phrases. 
Aegrescit  medendo  [L.].     The  remedy  is  worse  than  the  disease.  Out  of  the  frying  pan  into  the  fire. 


Passi  [F.].     Faded. 

Past  cure,  etc.     See  Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

Past  work,  etc.     See  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

Reduced.     Diminished  in  size,  value,  etc. 

Reduced  to  a  skeleton.     Fleshless;  emaciated. 

Retrograde,       Declining  toward  a  worse  state.     See  Advance  ^B 

TROGRESSION. 

Rotten.     Decomposed  naturally;  putrid. 

Rusty.     Covered  with  rust;  deteriorated  from  disuse. 

Second-hand.     Not  new;  of  inferior  grade. 

Seedy.     Like  a  plant  run  to  seed;  shabby. 

Shabby.     Ragged;  paltry;  despicable. 

Shaken.     Injured,  as  by  a  shock. 

Spoiling,  etc.     Corrupting,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Spotted.     Stained  with  spots. 

Sprung.     Strained,  cracked,  so  as  to  be  useless. 

Stale.     Deteriorated  from  standing. 

Tabid.     Deteriorated  gradually  by  the  complaint  called  tabes. 

Tainted.     Deteriorated  by  being  imbued  with  something  odiotia 

harmful  or  poisonous. 
Time-worn.     Worn  out  or  deteriorated  by  time. 
Tottering,  etc.     See  Security-Insecurity. 
The  worse  for.     Impaired  by. 

The  worse  for  wear.     Impaired  or  deteriorated  by  wear. 
Threadbare.     Worn  out  to  the  threads. 
Undermined.     Secretly  deteriorated. 
Unimproved,  etc.     See  Betterment. 
Used  up.     Consumed;  exhausted. 
Wasted.     Needlessly  deteriorated. 

Weather-beaten.     Deteriorated  by  exposure  to  the  weather. 
Weathered.     Worn  away  by  exposure  to  the  atmosphere. 
Wilted.     Deteriorated  by  exposure  to  heat. 
Withering.     Tending  to  fade  or  wilt. 
Worm-eaten.     Deteriorated  by  being  eaten  by  worms. 
Worn.     Deteriorated;  impaired. 
Worn  out.     Wholly  deteriorated. 
Worn  to  a  shadow. 

Worn  to  racs         '     ^  Expressions  denoting  degrees  of  deterioration 
Worn  to  the  stump. 
Worse.     Less  good. 


bet'-ting.     Laying  as  a  wager.     Purpose-Luck. 

bet'-ting-house".    Place  for  gambling.    Purpose-Luck. 

bet'- ting-ring".  Place  for  staking  money.  Purpose- 
Luck. 

be-tween'.  In  the  middle.  Environment-Interposi- 
tion; between  ourselves,  Enlightenment-Secrecy; 
between  two  fires,  Security-Insecurity;  far  be- 
tween, "like  angels'  visits,"  [Campbell],  Environ- 
ment-Interposition; vibrate  between  two  extremes, 
Mutability-Stability. 

be-twixf.     Between.     Environment-Interposition. 

bev'-el.     Slanting.     Parallelism-Inclination. 

be'-ver.  A  lunch  between  meals.  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion. 

bev'-er-age.     Drink.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

be-vue'.     Error.     Success-Failure. 

bev'-y.  A  flock  of  birds.  Gathering-Scattering, 
Multiplicity-Paucity. 

be-wail'.  To  lament.  Contentedness-Regret, 
Jubilation-Lamentation. 

be-ware'.     To  be  cautious.     Warning. 

be-wil'-der.  Puzzle.  Astonishment-Expectance, 
Certainty-Doubt,  Heed-Disregard. 

be-wil'-der-ment.  Entanglement.  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Certainty- 
Doubt. 


From  bad  to  worse. 

be-witch'.  Charm.  Devotion-Magic,  Love-Hate, 
Motive-Caprice,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

be-witch'-ery.    Fascination.    Devotion-Magic. 

be-witch'-ing.  Charming.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness. 

bey.    A  Turkish  governor.    Chief-Underling. 

be-yond/.  On  the  further  side;  surpassing.  Remote- 
ness-Nearness, Supremacy-Subordinacy;  beyond 
compare,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Supremacy-Sub- 
ordinacy; beyond  control,  Possibility-Impossi- 
bility; beyond  expression,  Magnitude-Smallness; 
beyond  hope,  Success-Failure,  Welfare-Misfor- 
tune; beyond  measure,  Excess-Lack;  beyond  one's 
depth,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Deepness-Shallow- 
ness,  Vigor-Inertia;  beyond  oneys  grasp,  Possi- 
bility-Impossibility; beyond  possibility,  Possi- 
bility-Impossibility; beyond  praise,  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Virtue- 
Vice;  beyond  price,  Costliness-Cheapness;  beyond 
question,  Certainty-Doubt;  beyond  reason,  Possi- 
bility-Impossibility; beyond  remedy,  Sanguine- 
ness-Hopelessness; beyond  seas,  Constituent- 
Alien;  beyond  the  mark,  Excess-Lack,  Transcur- 
sion-Shortcoming;  go  beyond,  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming. 


BIAS. 


106 


BIGOTRY— APOSTASY. 


61 -as.     Weight  on  one  side;  partiality.     Affection, 
Decision-Misjudoment,    Inclination,    Parallel- 
ism-Inclination, Sagacity-Incapacity. 
bib.     A  cloth  worn  under  the  chin;  tipple.     Dress- 
_  Undress,  Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

bi-ba'-cious.  Given  to  drinking.  Teetotalism-In- 
temperance. 

bib'-ber.  An  habitual  drinker.  Jubilation-Lamen- 
tation, Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

bib'-ble-bab"-ble.  Prating.  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity. 

bibendum  est  nunc  [L.]  (bi-ben'-dum  est  nunc).  Now 
is  the  time  for  drinking.  Teetotalism-Intem- 
perance. 

Bi'-ble.  The  sacred  Scriptures.  Assertion-Denial, 
_  Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

bib'-lic-al.  Pertaining  to  the  Bible.  Revelation- 
Pseudo-revelation. 

bib"-li-og'-ra-phy.  A  history  of  books.  Missive- 
Publication. 

bib"-li-ol'-a-try.  Book  worship.  Devotion-Idolatry, 
_  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

bib"-li-ol'-o-gy .  Biblical  literature ;  a  treatise  on  books. 
Missive-Publication. 

bib'-li-o-man"-cy.  Divination  by  Bible  verses.  Proph- 
ecy. 

bib"-lio-ma'-ni-a.  Book  madness.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance. 

bib"-lio-ma'-ni-ac.  One  who  has  a  rage  for  possessing 
old  books.    Scholar-Dunce. 

bib'-li-o-pole.   •  A   bookseller.      Missive-Publication. 

bib"-li-op'-o-list.    A  bookseller.    Missive-Publication. 

bib"-li-o-the'-ca.     A  library.     Missive-Publication. 

tib'-u-lous.     Apt   to   drink.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

bice.     A  blue  or  green  pigment.     Blueness-Orange. 

bi'-cen-ten"-ni-al.  A  fiftieth  anniversary.  Periodic- 
ity-Irregularity. 

bi'-ceps.     A  muscle  of  the  arm.     Anatomy. 

bick'-er.  A  petty  dispute.  Agitation,  Variance- 
Accord. 

bi-col'-or.     Two  colors.     Variegation. 

bi-con'-ju-gate.    Half  conjugate.    Doubling-Halving. 

bi-cus'-pid.     Double-pointed.     Doubling-Halving. 

bi'-cy-cle.  A  two-wheeled  vehicle.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

bid.  To  offer;  to  command.  Order,  Proffer-Rb- 
fusal;  bid  a  long  farewell,  Quest-Abandonment; 
bid  defiance,  Defiance;  bid  fair,  Inclination,  Like- 
lihood-Unlikelihood, Prophecy,  Sanguineness- 
Hopelessness;  bid  for,  Exchange,  Petition-Ex- 
postulation, Proffer-Refusal,  Purpose-Luck, 
bid  the  banns,  Matrimony-Celibacy. 

bid'-der.     One  who  bids.     Petitioner. 

bide.  To  dwell.  Earliness-Lateness,  Excitability- 
Inexcitability,  Mutation-Psrmanence;  bide  one's 
time,   Expectation-Disappointment,  Action-Pas- 


siveness,  Earliness-Lateness,  Expectation-Sur- 
prise. 

bi-det'.    A  small  horse.    Conveyer. 

bien  perdu,  bien  connu  [F.]  (bi-an-'  per-dii',  bi-an-' 
con-nti') .  Blessing  flown  is  blessing  known.  Oppor- 
tuneness-Unsuitableness. 

bien  sans  peine,  nul  [F.]  (bi-an''  son-  pen,  nul).  No 
good    without    pain.      Pleasurableness-Painful- 

NESS. 

bi-en'-ni-al.  Occurring  every  two  years.  Fauna 
_  Flora,  Periodicity-Irregularity. 

bien"-se-ance'.  Decorum.  Politeness-Impoliteness 
Society-Ludicrousness. 

bier.     A  coffin.     Life-Funeral. 

bi-fa'-cial.    Double-faced.     Doubling-Halving. 

bi-fa'-ri-ous.  Living  on  two  substances.  Doubling- 
Halving. 

bi'-fid.     Two  cleft.     Doubling-Halving. 

bi'-fold.     Two-fold.     Doubling-Halving. 

bi'-form.    Two-form.     Doubling-Halving. 

bi-form'-i-ty.     Doubleness  of  form.     Duality. 

bi-fur'-cate.  Two-forked.  Angularity,  Doubling- 
Halving. 

bi-fur'-ca-ted.   Having  two  forks.  Doubling-Halving. 

bi-fur-ca'-tion.  Division  into  two  branches.  Cover- 
Lining,  Doubling-Halving. 

bi-fur'-cous.     Forked.     Doubling-Halving. 

big.  Large;  fruitful.  Enlargement-Diminution, 
Greatness-Littleness,  Magnitude-Smallness; 
big  sounding,  Loudness-Faintness,  Simplicity- 
Floridness,  Society-Affectation;  big  swoln,  En- 
largement-Diminution; big  with,  Creation-De- 
struction ;  big  with  the  fate  of,  Prophecy  ;  look  big, 
Defiancl,  Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Self- 
respect-Humbleness;  talk  big,  Amity-Hostility, 
Charitableness-Menace,  Presumption-Obsequi- 
ousness. 

big'-a-mist.  One  guilty  of  bigamy.  Matrimony- 
Celibacy. 

big'-a-my.  The  crime  of  having  two  wives  or  hus- 
bands at  once.     Matrimony-Celibacy. 

big'-gin.     A  little  pitcher.     Contents-Receiver. 

bight.     A  small  bay;  the  coil  of  a  rope.    Gulf-Lake. 

big'-ness.     Largeness.     Greatness-Littleness. 

big'-ot.  One  unreasonably  devoted  to  a  party  or  creed. 
Bigotry-Apostasy,  Certainty-Doubt,  Decision- 
Misjudgment,  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy, Patriotism-Treason. 

big'-ot-ed.  Stubbornly  attached  to  a  cause  or  creed. 
Bigotry-Apostasy,  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Or- 
ganization-Disorganization, Orthodoxy-Heter* 
odoxy. 

big'-ot-ry.  Obstinate  attachment  to  a  cause  or  creed. 
Bigotry -Apostasy,  Credulousness- Skepticism, 
Godliness-Ungodliness,  Organization-Disorgan- 
ization, Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 


BIGOTRY— APOSTASY. 


Bigotry      Obstinate  and  unreasonable  attachment  to  a  cause  or 

creed. 
Contumacy.     Proud,  insolent  defiance  of  authority. 
Dogmatism.     Uncompromising  or  arrogant  assertion. 
Fanaticism.     Extravagant  or  irrational  zeal. 
Immovability.      Unchangeableness. 
Indocility.     Unteachableness. 
Infatuation.     Extravagant  or  irrational  passion. 
Inflexibility.     Unyielding  stiffness ;  obstinacy.     See  Hardness. 
Intolerance.     Illiberality ;  bigotry. 
Monomania.     Unreasonable  pursuit  of  one  idea. 
Obduracy.     Stubbornness. 
Obduration.     Obstinacy. 

Obstinacy.     Unreasonable  adherence  to  an  opinion. 
Obstinateness.       Persistent     and     unreasonable      resolution.      Sea 

Adjectives. 


Abjuration.     Solemn  rejection  or  repudiation. 

Abjurement.     Renunciation. 

Afterthought.     Reflection  after  an  act. 

Apostasy.     Desertion  of  one's  faith,  principles,  or  par'" 

Backsliding.     Falling  back  into  sin  or  error. 

Change  of  intention.     Alteration  of  intention. 

Change  of  mind.     Alteration  of  mind. 

Change  of  purpose.     Alteration  of  purpose. 

Coquetry.     Trifling  in  love. 

Defection.     Abandoning   of    a    person    or   cause    to    which  »ne  it 

bound  by  duty  or  allegiance.     See  Abandonmbni 
Disavowal.     Denial  of  anything.     See  Denial. 
Going  over,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Palinode.     An  ode  retracting  a  former  one ;  retractjor 
Palinody.     See  Palinode. 
Recantation.     Disavowal  of  an  opinion  previously  hebi 


BIGOTRY. 


107 


B IGOTRY— APOSTASY. 


BIGOTRY— APOSTASY— Continued. 


Opiniativeness. \  Determination  to  express  one's  opinions  regardless 

Opinlatry.  I      of  others. 

Perseverance.     Persistence  in  purpose  and  effort. 

Pervicacity.  t  ,-.,    A. 

Pervicacy.     /Obstinacy. 

Resolution.     Steadiness  and  firmness. 
Self-will.     Stubbornness ;  obstinacy. 
Tenacity.     Stubbornness ;  adhesiveness. 
Zealotry.     Immoderate  parrizanship. 

Bigotry — Associated  Nouns. 
Blind  side      A  nature  which  is  unable  to  heed  or  endure  the  opinions 

of  others,  or  the  approach  of  danger. 
Dogged  resolution.     Sullen  or  obstinate  determination. 
Fixed  idea.     Determination  regarding. 
Mule.     An  animal  noted  for  its  stubbornness;   hence,  a  stubborn 

person. 
Old  school.     A  member  of  a  class  of  persons  opposed  to  change  in 

ideas. 
Ruling  passion.     An  influence  or  power  which  controls  or  regulates 

one's  thoughts  or  deeds.     "  Strong  in  death  "  [Pope]. 
Bigotry — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Bigot.     Unreasonable  devotee  of  a  party  or  creed. 
Dogmatist.     One  who  asserts  positively  without  proof. 
Enthusiast.     One  who  imagines  himself  filled  with  some  particular 

revelation;  a  zealot. 
Fanatic.     One  filled  with  unreasonable  zeal. 

Opinfonator.  }  0ne  who  is  doSSed  in  his  own  opinion. 

Opiuionationist.)  ,-*         .     .  ..    ,  .    ,. 

ODinionist  /       e  ls  conceited ln  "1S  own  opinions. 

Stickler.     An  obstinate  contender. 
Zealot.     An  immoderate  partizan. 

Bigotry — Verbs. 
Be  obstinate,  etc .     See  A  djectives. 

Be  wedded  to  an  opinion.     To  be  obstinate  in  an  opinion. 
Die  hard.     Not  to  give  up  easily. 

Fight  against  destiny.     To  fight  against  what  cannot  be  overcome. 
Fly  in  the  face  of  facts.     To  be  unreasonably  opinionated. 
Have  one's  own  way.     To  be  stubborn,     See  Volition. 
Have  the  last  word.     To  insist  on  anything  with  great  zeal. 
Hug  a  belief.     To  insist  irrationally  upon  a  belief  or  doctrine. 
Insist  on  having  the  last  word.     Argue  to  the  end. 
Not  to  yield  an  inch.      Not  to  give  way. 
Opiniate.     To  persist. 

Persist.     To  adhere  firmly  to  an  opinion.     See  Persistence. 
Stand  out.     To  continue  in  opposition. 
Stickle.     To  contend  about  matters  of  slight  importance. 
Take  no  denial.     Persist. 

B  i  go  try  — A  djectives . 
Arbitrary.      Despotic;  fixed;  obstinate. 
Bigoted.     Obstinat*  and  unreasonable. 
Case-hardened.     Made  callous  to  outside  influences. 
Contumacious.      Rebellious;  stubborn. 
Cross-grained.      Perverse;  hard  to  persuade. 
Deaf  to  advice.     Stubborn. 
Dogged.     Obdurate;  persistent  like  a  dog. 
Dogmatic.     Arrogant;  positively  sure. 
EntStS  [F.].     Obstinate;  headstrong. 
Hard-mouthed.      Having  a  hard  mouth  like  a  horse;  therefore  not 

easily  controlled. 
Headstrong.     Insisting  upon  one's  own  way;  stubborn. 
Heady.     Headstrong. 

Hidebound.      Narrow  minded;  fixed  in  one's  opinions. 
Immovable.      Not  to  be  moved. 
Impersuasible.      Not  to  be  persuaded. 
Impervious.      Impenetrable. 

Impervious  to  reason.     Unreasonable;  stubborn. 
Impracticable.    Difficult  to  get  along  with,  unreasonable,  headstrong. 
Incorrigible       Not  to  be  corrected. 

Inert.     Without  the  power  to  move;  slow.     See  Vigor-Inertia. 
Infatuated.     Unreasonably  filled  with  a  desire  for  something. 
Inflexible.     Not  to  be  turned  from  an  opinion.     See  Hardness. 
Intractable.      Unruly,  not  easily  controlled. 
Mulish.     Like  a  mule  in  stubbornness. 
Not  to  be  moved.     Intractable. 
Obdurate.     Inexorable,  unyielding. 
Obstinate.       Irrationally  persistent  in  one's  opinions. 
Obstinate  as  a  mule.     Stubborn  as  a  mule. 
Perverse.     Unreasonable;  wilfully  intractable. 
Pervicacious.     Very  obstinate  or  stubborn. 


Redintegratio  amoris  [L.j.     Renewal  of  love. 

Renunciation.     Formal  rejection  or  declination. 

Repentance.     Sorrow    for    something    one    has    done    or    omitted 

to  do.     See  Repentance. 
Retractation.)  The  act  of  recalling  something  which  has  been  done 
Retraction.    /      or  said. 
Reversal.     The  act  of  turning  back. 

Revokemen't.  J  The  act  of  callin£  Dack  a  thing  granted. 
Tergiversation.     Fickleness;  the  act  of  turning  back. 
Vacillation.      Irresolution;     unsteadiness    of     opinion.      See    De- 
termination-Vacillation. 
Withdrawal.     The  act  of  taking  back  an  assertion. 

Apostasy — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Ambidexter.     A  double-dealer. 

Apostate.     One  who  has  fallen  away  from  his  faith  or  belief. 

Backslider.     One  who  has  returned  to  his  former  evil  practises. 

Convert.     One  who  has  been  turned  from  his  old  belief. 

Deserter.     One  who  forsakes  a  duty,  party,  cause,  or  friend,  or 

any  one  to  whom  he  owes  service. 
Janus.     A  Latin  deity  represented  with  two  faces  looking  in  opposite 

directions;  hence,  a  deceiver. 
Pervert.     One  who  has  turned  to  error,  especially  in  religion. 
Proselyte.     A  convert  to  some  religion  or  religious  sect. 
Rat.     One  who  deserts  his  party  or  associates. 
Renegade.     One  faithless  to  principle  or  party. 

Time-pleaser.  1  One  who  complies  with  prevailing  opinions  whatever 
Time-server.   i      they  may  be. 
Timist.     A  time-server. 
Trimmer.     A  time-server. 
Turncoat.    [  .  ,       , 

Turntippet.  /  A  rene&ade !  deserter. 
Vicar  of  Bray.    Rev.  Simon  Alleyn,  or  one  like  him.    He  wa/  Vicar 

through    four   reigns    (Henry  VIII — Elizabeth),  papist  twice, 

Protestant  twice. 
Weathercock.  Fickle,  inconstant  person.  SeeMuTABiLiTY-STABiLiTY. 

Apostasy — Verbs. 

Abjure.     Renounce  upon  oath. 

Apostatize.     Forsake  one's  faith. 

Back  out  of.     Retreat  from  an  opinion  or  position. 

Blow  hot  and  cold.     To  appear  to  be  in   favor  of  both  side*  of  a 
question,  be  inconsistent. 

Box  the  compass.    To  go  over  the  points  of  the  compass  in  ord«r  and 
backwards. 

Change  from  one  side  to  another. 

Change  one's — intention, — mind, — note, — purpose. 

Change  sides.      Change  one's  party. 

Come  back  to  one's  first  love.     To  return   to  one's  first  opinions. 

Come, — over, — round — to  an  opinion. 

Coquet.     To  trifle  with. 

Draw  in  one's  horns.     To  restrain  one's  ardor. 

Eat  one's  words.     Retract. 

Eat  the  leek.     [Welsh.]     To  retract. 

Flinch.     To  retreat  in  time  of  danger. 

Forswear.     To  renounce,  repudiate. 

Go  over  from  one  side  to  another. 

Go  to  the  right  about.     To  change  one's  opinion. 

Go  upon  another  tack.     To  follow  another  belief. 

Hold  with  the  hare,  but  run  with  the  bounds.     To  wish  to  serve  both 
sides;  be  inconsistent;  be  undecided. 

Nager  entre  deux  eaux  [F.].     Swim  between  two  waters;  be  unde- 
cided. 

Pass  from  one  side  to  another. 

Play  fast  and  loose.     To  try  to  serve  both  sides  of  a  question. 

Rat.     To  desert  one's  party,  as  rats  a  falling  house. 

Recall.     To  revoke. 

Recant.     To  withdraw  from  a  former  opinion. 

Renounce.     To  forswear;  refuse  to  acknowledge. 

Rescind.     To  cancel;  repeal.     See  Commission-Abrogation. 

Retrace  one's  steps.     To  go  back;  retract. 

Retract.     To  withdraw  from  an  opinion.  < 

Return  to  one's  first  love.     Return  to  one's  first  opinion. 

Revoke.     To  make  void  by  repealing. 

Shift  one's  ground.     To  vacillate. 

Shuffle.     To  change  one's  position;  shift  one's  ground. 

Skip  from  one  side  to  another.     To  change  one's  position  or  idea 
upon  a  subject. 


BIGOTRY. 


108 


BIOLOGY. 


BIGOTRY— APOSTASY— Continued. 


Recalcitrant;  stubborn. 


BIGOTRY — Adjectives — Continued. 

Pig-headed.     Stupidly  obstinate. 

Positive.     Certain  of  one's  opinions. 

Prejudiced.     Biased. 

Prepossessed.     Biased;  prejudiced. 

Refractory.     Not  easy  to  control. 

Restiff .  1  , 

Restive./  ' 

Resty.     Restive. 

Self-willed.      Headstrong;  stubborn. 

Stiff-backed,  -hearted,  -necked.     Not  easily  bent,  stubborn. 

Stubborn.     Inflexible;   opinionated. 

Sulky.     Morose;   sullen. 

Sullen.     Untractable ;   obstinate. 

Tenacious.     Holding  fast  to. 

Unaffected.     Not  to  be  moved  in  the  feelings. 

Unchangeable.      Not  to  be  turned  away  from  one'g  opinion*. 

Uninfluenced.      Not  influenced. 

Unmoved.     Not  moved. 

Unpersuadable.      Not  to  be  persuaded. 

Unruly.     Not  to  be  governed. 

Untractable.     Not  easily  ruled. 

Unyielding.     Not  giving  way. 

Wayward.      Disobedient. 

Wilful.     Determined  to  have  one's  own  way. 

Bigotry — Adverbs. 
Stubbornly;    in  an  obstinate  manner,  etc. 


See 


Obstinately,  etc. 

Adjectives. 

B  igotry — Phrases. 
Us  n'ontrien  appris  ni  rien  oublii  [F.].     They  have  learned  nothing 

and  forgotten  nothing. 
Non  possumus  [L.].     We  cannot. 
Ho  surrender.     Not  to  give  up. 


APOSTASY— Verbs—  Continued. 

Swallow  the  leek.     Retract. 

Swerve.     To  turn  from  any  course  or  principle. 

Think  better  of  it.     To  hold  in  greater  esteem. 

Trim.     To  regulate  one's  conduct  by  the  popular  will. 

Turn  a  pirouette.     To  turn  a  somersault;  change  sides  completely. 

Turn  around.     Change  about. 

Turn  over  a  new  leaf,  etc.  To  repent,  etc.  See  Repentance-Ob- 
duracy. 

Unsay.     To  retract  what  one  has  said. 

Veer  around.     Wheel  about. 

Wait  to  see  how  the — cat  jumps, — wind  blows.  To  bide  one 's  time 
in  making  a  decision. 

Wheel  around.     To  change  entirely  in  one's  opinions. 

Withdraw  from.     To  retract. 

Apostasy — Adjectives. 

Ambidextrous.     Two-sided,  double-faced,  with  two  right  hands. 

Changeful.     Given  to  alteration.     See  Mutability. 

Coquetting,  etc.     Trifling,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Ductile.     Easily  led. 

Irresolute.  Indecisive;  hesitating.  See  Determination -Vacil- 
lation. 

Reactionary.  Pertaining  to  the  tendency  to  return  to  a  formei 
state. 

Revocatory.     Rescinding. 

Slippery  as  an  eel.     Ready  to  use  evasions. 

Time-serving.     Servile ;  complying  with  ruling  powers. 

Trimming.     Fluctuating 


Apostasy — Phrase. 
"A  change  came  o*er  the  spirit  of  my  dream.' 


[Byron.] 


big'-wig".  A  person  of  importance.  Gentility-Com- 
monalty, Sage-Fool,  Scholar-Dunce. 

bi"-jou'.  A  jewel.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement, Goodness-Badness. 

bil'-an-der.  A  small  two-masted  vessel.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

bi-lat'-er-al.  Two-sided.  Doubling-Halving,  Later- 
ality-Contraposition. 

bil'-bo.     A  sword;  a  fetter.     Weapon. 

bil'-boes.  Fetters.  Release-Prison;  put  into  bilboes, 
Release-Restraint. 

bile.     A  liquor  secreted  by  the  liver.  Favorite-Anger. 

bilge.  To  cause  to  bulge ;  the  flat  part  of  a  ship's  bot- 
tom. Aperture-Closure,  Convexity-Concavity, 
Top-Bottom;   bilge-water,     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

bil'-ious.  Suffering  from  disordered  condition  of  the 
liver.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

bilk.  Cheat.  Expectation-Disappointment,  Theft, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

bill.  Beak  of  a  bird;  an  account  of  debt.  Accounts, 
Design,  Litigation,  Missive-Publication,  Money, 
Price-Discount,  Publicity,  Record,  Security, 
Sharpness-Bluntness,  Sign,  Weapon;  bill  and  coo, 
Blandishment;  bill  of  exchange,  Money,  Security; 
bill  of  fare,  Design,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Rec- 
ord; bill  of  indictment,  Justification-Charge;  bill 
of  sale,  Security;  bills  of  mortality,  Life-Death; 
true  bill,  Litigation. 

bil'-let.     Ornament.     Architecture. 

bil'-let.  To  quarter  soldiers.  Assignment,  Estap- 
lishment-Removal,  Sign. 

billet  [F.]  (bil-e).    A  letter.    Missive-Publication. 

billet-doux  [F. ]  (bil"-e-du') .  A  brief  love-letter.  Bland- 
ishment, Missive-Publication. 

bill'-head".  A  heading  on  paper  used  for  making  out 
bills.     Sign. 

bill'-hook".     A  hook  forbills.    Sharpness-Bluntness. 

bil'-liard.  A  game.  Billiard-ball,  Roundness;  bil- 
liard -  room,  Contents  -  Receiver  ;  billiard  -  table, 
Er  ectness-Flatness. 


bil'-liards.    A  game.    Entertainment-Weariness. 

bil'-lings-gate" .  [A  gate  of  London  by  the  fish-market.] 
Vulgar  language.  Charitableness-Curse,  Word- 
Neology. 

bil'-lion.  •  According  to  the  English,  a  million  millions; 
to  the  French,  a  thousand  millions.  Five-Quinque- 
section. 

bil'-low.     A  great  wave.     River-Wind,    Ocean-Land. 

bil'-ly.     A  short  club.     Attack-Defense,  Weapon. 

bil'-ly-cock.     A  felt  hat.     Dress-Undress. 

bil'-ly-goat.     A  he-goat.     Male-Female. 

bin.     A  box  for  holding.     Contents-Receiver. 

bi'-na-ry.    Double.    Duality;  binary  stars,  Astronomy. 

bind.  To  tie;  to  confine.  Coercion,  Cover-Lining, 
Duty-Dereliction,  Terms,  Union-Disunion;  bind 
hand  and  foot,  Release-Restraint;  bind  oneself, 
Engagement-Release;  bind  over,  Coercion;  bind 

.   up  wounds,  Renovation-Relapse. 

bine.     A  climbing  stem  of  a  plant.     Fauna-Flora. 

bin-oc'-u-lar.    Having  two  eyes.   Optical  Instruments. 

bi-no'-mi-al.     Having  two  names.     Duality. 

bi"-o-gen'-e-sis.  The  doctrine  that  life  is  generated 
from  living  beings  only.  Biology,  Creation-De- 
struction. 

bi-og"-ra-pher.     Writer  of  lives.    Account,  Recorder. 

bi-og'-ra-phy.  A  history  of  one's  life  and  character. 
Account. 

bi-ol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  life.  Biology,  Life- 
Death,  Organization-Disorganization. 

BIOLOGY. 
Biology — Associated  Words 

Abiogenesis.     Spontaneous  generation. 

Absorption.     The  taking  up  of  food  into  the  circulation. 

Accretion.     The  growing  together  of  parts  normally  separate. 

Anatomy.     Science  of  the  structure  of  organisms. 

Antherozoid.     Male  fecundating  body  in  lowest  plant  life. 

Assimilation.     The  changing  of  digested  nutriment  into  the  tissues 

and  fluids  of  the  body. 
Atrophy.     Stoppage  of  the  growth  of  an  organ 
Bacteria.     Microscopic  organisms,  some  of  which  cause  diseases. 


BIOLOGY. 


109 


BIWEEKLY. 


Biogenesis.     Generation  of  life  from  living  beings. 

Cell.  Smallest  element  of  an  organized  body  manifesting  independ- 
ent activity. 

Conjugation.     Union  of  cells  or  individuals  for  reproduction. 

Digestion.  The  process  of  changing  food  so  that  it  can  be  assimi- 
lated by  the  body. 

Embryo.      The  undeveloped  germ  of  an  organism. 

Excretion.      The  process  of  getting  rid  of  waste  matter  in  the  body. 

Fermentation..  Decomposition  of  an  organic  compound  caused  by 
living  organisms. 

Fertilization.      Process  of  the  male  element  combining  with  the  female. 

Function.      The  action  of  an  organ  of  the  body. 

Gemination.      Duplication. 

Germination.      The  sprouting  of  a  seed.  etc. 

Hermaphrodite.  An  individual  having  the  generative  organs  of 
both  sexes. 

Heterogamy.     Alternating  of  sexual  and  parthenogenetic  generation. 

Histology.      Microscopic  anatomy. 

Ingestion.     Act  of  taking  into  the  stomach. 

Larva.  The  state  of  an  animal  in  which  a  metamorphosis  takes 
place  before  assuming  the  mature  form. 

Metabolism.      Process  of  building  and  destruction  of  cells. 

Metamorphosis.      Change  in  form. 

Metoganesis.      The  production  of  sexes  by  nonsexual  means. 

Molecule.     Smallest  part  of  a  substance  that  can  exist  separately. 

Monad.     A  primary   element,  changeless  and  indivisible. 

Mo.iogenesis.     The  opposite  of  metogenesis. 

Morphology.     Science  of  organic  forms. 

Nutrition  Process  of  promoting  growth  and  replenishing  the  waste 
matter  in  living  organisms. 

Ontogeny.      History  of  the  development  of  the  individual 

Oogenesis.     Origin  and  development  of  the  ovum. 

Ovary.     Organ  of  the  female  producing  parts  essential  for  generation. 

Ovum.   The  cell  in  an  ovary  from  which  a  new  individual  is  produced. 

Oxidation.     The  process  of  uniting  something  with  oxygen. 

Parthenogenesis.  Production  without  the  intervention  of  the  male 
element. 

Phylogeny.      History  of  the  development  of  a  species. 

Physiology.     Science  of  the  functions  of  the  organs  of  the  body. 

Polymorphism.  The  condition  of  several  forms  of  structure  eMsting 
in  the  same  species. 

Protoplasm.      Sjmi-liquid  forming  the  principal  portion  of  a  cell. 

Protozoa.  A  primary  division,  consisting  of  organisms  of  a  single 
ceU. 

Putrefaction.      Decaying  of  animal  or  vegetable  matter. 

Reproduction.  The  process  of  an  animal  or  plant  producing  another 
of  its  kind. 

Secretion.  The  process  of  taking  from  the  blood  or  sap  materials 
which  are  changed  into  new  substances. 

Spermary.     Generative  gland  of  the  male. 

Spermatozoon.      Essential  fertilizing  element  of  the  male. 

Sterilization.      Process  of  destroying  bacteria;   rendering  barren. 

Teratology.      Seiente  of  abnormal  growths. 

bip'-a-rous.      Twin-like.      Duality. 

bi-par'-tite.      Two  parted.     Doubling-Halving. 

bi"-par-ti'-tion.      Result    of   division    into   two   parts. 

Doubling-Halving. 
bi"-plic'-i-ty.      Doubleness.     Duality. 
bi-quai'-rate.      A    fourth    power.     Quadruplication- 

QuADRISECTION. 

birch.  A  tree.  Exculpation-Punition;  birch  rod, 
Recompense-Scourge. 

bird.  A  feathered  flying  animal.  A  little  bird  told  me, 
Enlightenment-Secrecy;  bird  in  hand,  Holding- 
Exemption,  Keeping-Relinquishment;  bird  of  ill 
oiian,  Portent,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness, 
Warning;  bird  of  passage,  Wayfarek-Seafarer; 
bird's-eye  view,  Appearance-Disappearance,  Sight- 
Blindness;  birds  of  a  feather,  Likeness-Unlike- 
ness;  kill  two  birds  with  one  stone,  Activity-Indo- 
lence; the  bird  has  flown,  Escape,  Presence-Ab- 
sence. 

biri'-cag3.      Domestication-Agriculture. 

bird'-line".  A  bird  bait.  Connective,  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud. 

bi-ret'-ta.      Red  cap  worn  by  a  cardinal.     Vestments. 

bir'-la-y.      Local  custom.      Law-Lawlessness. 

birr.     To  make  a  whirring  noise.     Sound-Silence. 

bir'-rus.      A  hooded  storm-cloak.     Dress-Undress. 


birth.  The  act  of  being  born.  Beginning-End, 
Creation  -  Destruction,  Gentility-Commonalty, 
Parentage  -  Progeny  ;  birthday-suit,  Dress -Un- 
dress; birthplace,  Cause-Effect;  birthright,  Due- 
ness-Undueness. 

birth'-day".  The  anniversary  of  one's  birth.  Perio- 
dicity-Irregularity. • 

birth'-mark".  A  spot  or  stain  on  the  body  from  birth. 
Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

bis.    Twice.    Approval-Disapproval,  Recurrence. 

biscuits,  s'embarquer  sans  [F.]  (bis-cwi',  san'-bar-ke' 
san).     To  go  to  sea  without  biscuit.     Preparation- 

NONPREPARATION. 

bise.     A  cold  northerly  wind.     River-Wind. 

bi-sect'.     Divide  into  two  parts.     Doubling-Halving. 

bi-sec'-ted.     Two-fold  division.     Doubling-Halving. 

bi-sec'-tion.  The  act  of  bisecting.  Doubling-Halv- 
ing, Middle. 

bish'-op.  The  head  of  a  diocese.  Ministry-Laity, 
Nutriment-Excretion;  bishop's  palace,  Fane; 
bishop's  purple,  Yellowness-Purple. 

bish'-op-dom.     Episcopate.     Church. 

bish'-op-ric.  A  diocese;  the  office  of  a  bishop. 
Church. 

bis'-muth.     Kind  of  metal.     Chemistry. 

bisque.     Biscuit.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

bis-sex'-tile  year.     Leap-year.     Astronomy. 

bis'-tou-ry.  A  knife  used  in  surgery.  Sharpness- 
Bluntness. 

bis'-tre.     A  brown  pigment.     Gray-Brown. 

bi-sul'-cate.     Two-grooved.     Groove. 

bi-sul'-cous.     Two-furrowed.     Groove. 

bit.  A  tool  for  boring;  a  check;  a  small  quantity. 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Release-Prison,  Whole- 
Part;  bit  between  the  teeth,  Reprisal-Resistance; 
bit  by  bit,  Quantity-Measure,  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness, Universality-Particularity,  Whole-Part. 

bitch.  A  she-dog.  Male-Female,  Purity-Rake, 
Skill-Unskilfulness,  Success-Failure. 

bite.  To  seize  with  the  teeth;  a  morsel  of  food;  to 
cheat.  Engraving,  Gull-Deceiver,  Heating- 
Cooling,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Sensuality-Suffering,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud; bite  in,  Engraving,  Groove;  bite 
the  dust,  Success-Failure,  Yielding;  bite  the 
thumb,  Favorite-Anger.  Regard-Disrespect. 

bi'-ter.  One  who  bites.  Biter  bit,  Reprisal-Resist- 
ance. 

bi'-ting.  Keen;  nipping.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Heat-Cold,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Po- 
liteness-Impoliteness, Pungency. 

bit'-ten.     Wounded  with  the  teeth.     Love-Hate. 

bit'-ter.  Poignant;  sharp.  Charitableness-Malev- 
olence, Favorite-Anger,  Heat-Cold,  Love-Hate, 
Palatableness-Unpalatableness,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Pun- 
gency; bitter  pill,  Love-Hate,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Welfare-Misfortune;  bitter  words, 
Approval-Disapproval. 

bit'-ter-ly.  In  a  bitter  manner.  Heat-Cold,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness. 

bit'-ter- ness .  Sharpness;  deep  resentment.  Content- 
edness-Regret,  Favorite-Anger,  Love-Hate, 
Pleasure-Pain. 

bit'-ter-sweet".  A  plant  whose  root  has  at  first  a  bitter 
taste  and  afterwards  a  sweet  one.  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness. 

bi-tu'-men.    Mineral  pitch.    Pulpiness-Rosin. 

bi-tu'-mi-nous.  Containingbitumen.  Pulpiness-Rosin 

biv'-ouac.  The  night-watch  of  an  army.  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Establishment-Removal,  Movement- 
Rest,  Warning. 

bi-week'-ly.  Once  in  two  weeks.  Periodicity-Irreg- 
ularity. 


BIZARRE. 


110 


BLANDISHMENT. 


bi-zarre'.      Fantastic.     Conventionality-Unconven- 

TIONALITY,  SOCIETY-LUDICROUSNESS. 

blab.     To  tell  a  secret.     Exposure-Hidingplace. 

blab'-ber.    To  prattle.    Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

black.  Destitute  of  color;  a  negro.  Light-Dark- 
ness, Whiteness-Blackness,  Virtue-Vice;  black 
and  blue,  Exculpation-Punition;  black  and  white, 

COLOR-ACHROMATISM,         LlGHT-DARKNESS,         MaRK- 

Obliteration,  Writing-Printing;  black  art,  Devo- 
tion-Magic;  black  book,  Justification-Charge; 
black  eagle,  Patriotism-Treason;  black  eye,  Excul- 
pation-Punition; black  flag,  Fighting-Concili- 
ation; black  hole,  Gathering-Scattering,  Re- 
lease-Prison; black  in  the  face,  Assertion-Denial, 
Emotion,  Excitation;  black  lead,  Printing;  black 
letter,  Novelty-Antiquity,  Word-Neology,  Writ- 
ing-Printing; black  looks,  Approval-Disapproval, 
Fa vorite-Moroseness,  Politeness-Impoliteness  ; 
blackmail,  Plunder, Recompense-Punition, Theft; 
black  sheep,  Good  Man-Bad  Man;  black  spots  in  the 
horizon,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  black  swan, 
Conventionality-Unconventionality;  look  black, 
Contentedness-Discontentment,  Emotion,  Fa- 
vorite-Anger; prove  the  black  is  white,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct. 

black'-a-moor.  A  negro.  Whiteness-Blackness; 
wash  a  blackamoor  white,  Possibility-Impossibil- 
ity, Usefulness-Uselessness. 

black'-ball".  To  reject  by  voting.  Inclusion-Omis- 
sion, Sociability-Privacy. 

black'-ber"-ry.  The  fruit  of  certain  species  of  Rubus. 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

black'-board".  A  large  slate  used  for  writing  upon  with 
chalk.  School,  Smoothness-Roughness,  Writing- 
Printing. 

black'-browed".  Gloomy;  threatening.  Charitable- 
ness-Menace, Fa  vorite-Moroseness. 

black'-coat".     A  clergyman.     Ministry-Laity. 

black'-death".  An  Oriental  plague.  Health-Sick- 
ness. 

black'-en.  To  make  black;  to  defame.  Adulation- 
Disparagement,  Whiteness-Blackness. 

black'-guard.  A  low  fellow.  Good  Man-Bad  Man, 
Politeness-Impoliteness,  Taste-Vulgarity,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty, Uprightness-Rogue. 

black'-guard-ism.  The  conduct  of  a  blackguard. 
Politeness-Impoliteness. 

black'-leg.     A  sharper.     Robber. 

black'-list".  A  list  of  defaulters.  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Labor-Capital. 

black'-mouthed" .  Using  foul  language.  Flatterer- 
Defamer. 

black'-ness.  Darkness;  without  color.  Light-Dark- 
ness, Whiteness-Blackness. 

black'-smith".     A  smith  who  works  in  iron.     Agent. 

blad'-der.  A  vessel  in  the  body  containing  some  liquid. 
Contents-Receiver. 

blade .  The  cutting  part  of  an  instrument ;  a  dull  fellow. 
Activity-Indolence,  Adept-Bungler,  Instru- 
ment, Male-Female,  Sharpness-Bluntness,  So- 
ciety-Dandy, Weapon. 

blague.  To  tell  lies  in  jest.  Bragging,  Truthful- 
ness-Falsehood. 

blain.  A  sore.  Convexity-Concavity,  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement. 

blame.  To  censure;  to  find  fault  with.  Approval- 
Disapproval;  lay  blame  on,  Appro val-Disappro- 
v.'l,  Justification-Charge;  take  blame,  Approval- 
Disapproval. 

blame-less.     Innocent.     Innocence-Guilt. 

blame'-wor"-thy.  Culpable.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Innocence-Guilt,  Virtue-Vice. 

blanc-bec  [F.]  (bkur-bec').  A  greenhorn.  Adept- 
Bungler. 


blanch.  To  whiten;  evade.  Color-Achromatism, 
Whiteness-Blackness. 

blanched.     Made  white.     Whiteness-Blackness. 

blanc"-mange' .  A  jelly-like  substance  used  in  cooking. 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

bland.  Gentle.  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness. 

blan-dil'-c-quence.  Language  of  courtesy.  Adula- 
tion-Disparagement. 

blan-dil'-o-quent.  Flattering.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment. 

blan'-di-ment.     Enticement.     Blandishment. 

blan'-dish-ment.  Soothing;  nattering.  Adul'.tion- 
Disparagement,  Blandishment,  Motive-Caprice. 

BLANDISHMENT 

Addresses.     Loving  attention. 

Blandiment.     Blandishment. 

Blandishment.     The  use  of  flattery  and  caresses  to  win  the  heart. 

Buss.     Kiss. 

Caress.     Expression  of  tender  feelings  by  words  and  actions. 

Caterwauling.     Making  of  cries,  the  blandishment  of  cats. 

Coquetry.     Art  and  practise  of  making  oneself  noticed  and  admired. 

Courtship.     Attendance  on  a  lady  for  her  love. 

Dalliance.     Fondling. 

Deosculation.     A  kissing. 

Embrace.     A  holding  in  the  arms. 

Endearment.     Acts  expressive  of  affection. 

llpanchetnent  [F.].     An  overflowing  of  feeling. 

FUrtfn'011'  1  Pretended  love-making.     See  Verbs. 

Fondling.     Tender  feeling  expressed  by  action. 

Gallantry.     Courteous  attention  on  the  ladies. 

Honeymoon.     Short  period  after  marriage. 

Kiss.     A  pressing  of  the  lips  on  something,  with  a  slight  sound. 

Osculation.     A  kissing. 

Salute.     An  indication  of  respect  on  meeting. 

Serenading.     Music  or  noise  made  at  night,  especially  at  the  place  of 

a  marriage. 
Smack.     A  loud  kiss. 
Suit.     Courtship. 

Valentine.     A  sweetheart  chosen  on  St.  Valentine's  day. 
Wooing.     Love-making,  especially  with  promises  and  vows. 

Blandishment — Associated  Words. 

Billet-doux  [F.].     A  love-letter. 

Love-letter.     A  letter  written  by  a  lover. 

Love-tale.     A  love-story. 

Love-token.     An  article  given  by  a  lover  as  a  mark  of  esteem. 

Plighted-love.     Love  as  a  pledge  for  marriage. 

Strephon  and  Chloe.     Lovers  in  Sidney's  Arcadia. 

True-lovers'  knot.    An  ornament  given  to  be  worn  in  token  of  love. 

Blandishment — Verbs. 

Buss.     To  kiss  loudly. 

Caress.     To  express  love  for  by  words  and  actions. 

Cherish.     To  care  for 

Clasp.     To  hold  tightly. 

Coax.     To  persuade  in  a  childish  or  trivial  way. 

Cocker.     To  indulge. 

Cockle.     To  treat  like  a  baby. 

Coddle.     To  pamper. 

Coquet.     To  try  to  attract  notice  and  admirers. 

Cosset.     To  pet. 

Court.     Make  love  to. 

Cuddle.     To  hold  in  close  embrace. 

Dally.     To  play  at  caresses. 

Dandle.     To  toss  up  and  down  in  the  arms. 

Embrace.     To  hold  in  the  arms. 

Flirt.     To  love  insincerely. 

Fondle.     To  play  with. 

Foster.     To  nurture  or  encourage. 

Galavant.  j  Tq  bout  with  women. 

Gallivant.  * 

Hug.     To  embrace  tightly. 

Kiss.     To  press  the  lips  upon  and  make  a  slight  noise. 

Nestle.     To  lie  up  close  to. 

Nuzzle.     To  snuggle  as  a  babe  on  its  mother's  boeom. 

Ogle.     To  look  at  in  a  coquettish  manner. 

Pat.     To  hit  lightly  in  a  friendly  manner. 

Pet.     To  stroke  with  a  show  of  affection. 

Philander.     To  trifle  at  courtship. 


BLANDISHMENT. 


Ill 


BLOATED  BONDHOLDER. 


BLANDISHMENT— Verbs— Continued. 

Propose.     To  make  an  offer  of  marriage. 

Salute.     To  give  a  friendly  greeting. 

Serenade.     To  make  music  or  big  noise  at  a  marriage. 

Smack.     To  kiss  loudly. 

Spoon.     To  make  a  show  of  loving. 

Toy.     To  trifle. 

Wheedle.     To  coax  by  artful  and  dishonest  means. 

Woo.     To  make  love  by  promises  and  vows. 

Blandishment — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  sweet  upon;  bill  and  coo;  blow  a  kiss,  to  kiss  the  fingers  and  blow 
toward  the  person ;  cast  sheep's  eyes  on,  to  ogle ;  chuck  under  the 
chin;  die  for;  faire  les  yeux  doux  [F.],  to  ogle;  fall  in  love  with; 
have  an  offer;  look  sweet  upon;  make  an  offer;  make  love;  make 
much  of;  make  of;  pat  on  the  cheek;  pat  on  the  head;  pay  one's 
addresses  to;  pay  one's  attentions  to;  pay  one's  court  to,  to  make 
love  to;  plight  one's  faith;  plight  one's  troth,  to  promise  oneself 
in  marriage;  pop  the  question,  make  an  offer  of  marriage;  set  one's 
cap  at,  to  seek  to  make  love  to;  smile  upon;  win  the  affections 
(see  Love). 

Blandishment — Adjectives. 

Caressed.     Treated  in  a  caressing  manner 

Caressing.     Showing  affection  by  words  and  actions. 

Spoony.     Addicted  to  spooning. 

Love-sick,  "  sighing  like  furnace"  [Shakespeare],     In  love. 

blank.  Empty;  a  void  space.  Entity-Nonentity, 
Substance-Nullity;  blank  cartridge,  Might-Impo- 
tence; look  blank,  Astonishment-Expectance, 
Contentedn  ess-Discontentment,  Expectation- 
Disappointment;  point  blank,  Simplicity-Florid- 
ness. 

blan'-ket.  A  woolen  covering  for  a  bed.  Cover- 
Lining,  Heating-Cooling;  toss  in  a  blanket,  Re- 
gard-Disrespect; wet  blanket,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

blare.     A  roar.     Cry-Ululation. 

blar'-ney.     To  flatter.     Adulation-Disparagement. 

bla"-se'.  Sated  with  pleasure.  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance, Desire- Repletion,  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

blas-pheme'.  To  speak  irreverently  of  God.  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness. 

blas-phe'-mer.  Profane  speaker.  Godliness-Ungod- 
liness. 

blas'-phe-mous.  Impious;  irreverent.  Godliness- 
Ungodliness. 

blas'-phe-my.  Profane  speaking  of  God.  Godliness- 
Ungodliness. 

blast.  A  gust  of  wind;  explosion  of  powder.  Chari- 
tableness-Curse, Creation-Destruction,  Loud- 
ness-Faintness,  River-Wind,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness, Welfare-Misfortune. 

blast'-fur"-nace.     Smelter.     Chemistry. 

bla'-tant.  Loud.  Cry-Ululation,  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity. 

blath'-er-skite.  A  blustering  fellow.  Talkativeness- 
Taciturmity. 

blat'-ter.     Clatter.     Cry-Ululation. 

blaze.  To  flame;  to  publish.  Excitation,  Heat- 
Cold,  Light-Darkness;  blaze  abroad,  Publicity. 

bla'-zing.     Glowing.     Luminary-Shade. 

bla'-zon.  Proclaim;  a  coat  of  arms.  Pomp,  Pub- 
licity, Reputation-Discredit. 

ble,  manger  son,  en  herbe  [F.]  (ble,  man'-zhe'  son-,  an' 
arb).  To  anticipate  one's  revenues.  Extrava- 
gance-Avarice. 

bleach.  Whiten.  Color-Achromatism,  Whiteness- 
Blackness. 

bleak.     Exposed;  cold.     Heat-Cold. 

blear.  To  dim.  Sight-Dimsightedness,  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud. 

blear'-eyed.    Weak-sighted.     Sight-Dimsightedness. 

bleat.     The  cry  of  a  sheep.     Cry-Ululation. 

bleb.     A  blister.     Convexity-Concavity. 


bleed.  To  let  blood.  Costliness-Cheapness,  Out- 
lay-Income., Pleasure-Pain,  Remedy-Bane,  Sen- 
suality-Suffering; bleed  freely,  Generosity-Fru- 
gality; make  the  heart  bleed,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

bleed'-ing.  Losing  blood.  Nutriment-Excretion 
Remedy-Bane;  bleeding  heart,  Pleasure-Pain. 

blem'-ish.  To  mar.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Embellishment-Disfigurement, 
Faultlessness-Faultiness. 

blench.  Flinch.  Quest-Evasion,  Sanguineness- 
Timidity. 

blend.  Mingle.  Composition-Resolution,  Mixture- 
Homogeneity. 

blend'-ing.    Combining.    Composition-Resolution. 

bless.  To  make  happy;  to  invoke  a  blessing  upon. 
Approval-Disapproval,  Devotion-Idolatry,  Di- 
vinity, Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  bless  my 
heart,  Astonishment-Expectance;  bless  one's  stars, 
Jubilation-Lamentation,  Thankfulness-Thank- 
lessness. 

bless'-ed.  Beatified.  ,  Pleasure-Pain;  abode  of  the 
blessed,  Heaven-Hell. 

bless'-ed-ness.  Happiness.  Single  blessedness,  un- 
married state,  Approval-Disapproval,  Good-Evil. 

bless'-ings.     Divine  favors.     Welfare-Misfortune. 

blest.  Beatified.  Pleasure-Pain;  blest  with,  Hold- 
ing-Exemption. 

blet'-on-ism.  The  power  to  discover  underground 
springs  by  sensation.     Prophecy. 

blight.  To  blast;  to  ruin.  Betterment-Deterior- 
ation, Welfare-Misfortune;  blight  hope,  Ex- 
pectation-Disappointment. 

blight'-ed.     Blasted.     Betterment-Deterioration. 

blind.  Destitute  of  sight;  a  shade.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,      ExPOSURE-HlDINGPLACE,      HEED-DlSRE- 

gard,  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Luminary-Shade, 
Pretext,  Sensitiveness-Apathy,  Sight-Blind- 
ness, Truthfulness-Fraud,  Volition-Obligation; 
blind  alley,  Aperture-Closure;  blind  bargain,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Purpose-Luck,  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion; blind  hookey,  Entertainment-Weariness; 
blind  lead  the  blind,  Teaching-Misteaching;  blind 
man's  buff,  Entertainment-Weariness;  blind 
man's  holiday,  Light-Darkness;  blind  of  one  eye, 
Sight-Dimsightedness;  blind  side,  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy, Credulousness-Skepticism,  Decision-Mis- 
judgment  ;  blind  the  eyes,  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Gull-Hyperbole;  blind  to  one's  own  merits,  Con- 
ceit-Diffidence. 

blind'-ed.  Shut  off  from  view.  Color-Achromatism, 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Sight-Blindness. 

blind'-fold".  Having  the  eyes  bandaged.  Color- 
Achromatism,  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Sight- 
Blindness,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

blind'-ness.  Ignorance;  want  of  sight.  Sight-Blind- 
ness. 

blink.  To  wink.  Carefulness-Carelessness,  De- 
termination-Vacillation, Quest-Evasion,  Sight- 
Dimsightedness  ;  blink  at,  Sight-Blindness. 

blink'-ard.     One  who  blinks.     Sight-Dimsightedness. 

blink'-er.  A  blind  for  horses.  Exposure-Hiding- 
place,  Sight-Dimsightedness. 

bliss.    Blessedness.    Heaven-Hell,  Pleasure-Pain. 

bliss'-ful.     Supremely  happy.     Pleasure-Pain. 

blis'-ter.  A  thin  bladder  on  the  skin.  Convexity- 
Concavity. 

blithe.     Gay.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

blithe'-some.  Cheerful.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion. 

bloat'-ed.  Puffed;  swelled.  Convexity-Concavity, 
Enlargement-Diminution,  Proportion-Deform- 
ity; bloated  with  pride,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

bloat'-ed  bond'-hold"-er.    Capitalist.    Capital-Labor. 


BLOATER. 


112 


BLUENESS-ORANGE. 


bloat'  er.     A  cured  herring.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

block.  A  mass  of  wood,  etc. ;  to  hinder.  •  Greatness- 
Littleness,  Hardness-Softness,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Sage-Pool,  Solidity-Rarity,  Suspension- 
Support,  Recompense-Scourge;  block  of  buildings, 
Dweller-Habitation;  block  out,  Form-Formless- 
ness, Recompense-Penalty;  block  printing,  Writ- 
ing-Printing; block  up,  Aperture-Closure,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Preparation-Nonpreparation  ; 
bring  to  the  block,  Exculpation-Puniti'on;  cut 
blocks  with  a  razor,  Provision-Waste  ;  wood  block, 
Engraving. 

block-ade'.  Closure  of  a  city  to  take  it.  Aperture- 
Closure,  Obstruction-Help,  Release-Restraint. 

biock'-head.     A  stupid  fellow.     Sage-Fool. 

block'-ish.     Stupid.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

blonde.  A  fair  person.  Color-Achromatism.White- 
ness-Blackness. 

blood.  Kindred;  a  red  fluid  which  circulates  in  ani- 
mals. Anatomy,  Gentility-Democracy,  Life- 
Killing,  Liquid-Gas,  Relationship,  Society- 
Dandy;  blood  boil,  Excitabjlity-Inexcitability, 
Excitation;  blood  for  blood,  Pardon-Vindictive- 
ness;  blood-heat,  Heat-Cold;  blood-horse,  Con- 
veyer; blood-hound,  Benefactor- Evildoer, 
Fauna-Flora;  blood-letting,  Admission-Expulsion, 
Remedy -Bane;  blood-money,  Price -Discount; 
blood-red,  Redness -Greenness;  blood  run  cold, 
Pleasurableness-Pain  fulness,  Sanguineness- 
Timidity;  blood-stained,  Life-Killing;  blood-sucker, 
Benefactor-Evildoer;  bloodthirsty,  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence, Life-Killing;  blood  up,  Ex- 
citation, Favorite-Anger;  dye  with  blood,  Harsh- 
ness-Mildness; hands  in  blood,  Charitableness- 
Malevolence;  in  the  blood,  Subjectiveness-Ob- 
jectiveness;  life-blood,  Life-Death;  new  blood, 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Excitation;  spill 
blood,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

blood'-less.  Without  blood  or  color.  Innocence- 
Guilt,  Strife-Peace. 

blood'-shed".  The  shedding  of  blood.  Fighting- 
Conciliation,  Life-Killing. 

blood'-shot".  Suffused  with  blood.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement. 

blood'-stroke".  The  loss  of  sensation  resulting  from 
hemorrhage.     Health-Sickness. 

blood'-ves"-sel.     Tubes  carrying  blood.     Anatomy. 

blood'-y.  Stained  with  blood.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Life-Kill- 
ing. 

blood'-y-flux".     Dysentery.     Health-Sickness. 

blood'-y-mind'-ed.  Cruel.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence. 

bloom.  Blossom;  the  flush  on  the  cheek.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Blueness-Orange,  Health-Sickness, 
Infancy-Age,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

bloom'-ing.     Blossoming.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

blos'-som.  A  flower.  Fauna-Flora,  Welfare-Mis- 
fortune. 

blot.  To  spot;  disgrace;  obscure.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness, Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Innocence- 
Guilt,  Mark -Obliteration,  Reputation -Dis- 
credit, Truth-Error,  Whiteness-Blackness;  blot 
out,  Creation-Destruction,  Mark-Obliteration. 

blotch.  A  spot  or  blot.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 


blot'-ter.     A    sheet    of    blotting-paper.     Cleanness 
Filthiness. 

blouse.    A  loose  outer  garment.    Dress-Undress. 

blow.  A  stroke;  to  make  a  current  of  air.  Action- 
Passiveness,  Admission-Expulsion,  Exculpation- 
Punition,  Expectation-Disappointment,  Expec- 
tation-Surprise, Good-Evil,  Impetus-Reaction, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Pleasure-Pain, 
River-Wind,  Stream,  Success-Failure,  Weari- 
ness-Refreshment, Welfare-Misfortune;  blow  a 
kiss,  Blandishment;  blow  down,  Creation-De- 
struction; blow  for  blow,  Reprisal-Resistance; 
blow-hole,  Watercourse- Airpipe;  blow  hot  and 
cold,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Determination-Vacilla- 
tion, Persistence-Whim,  Ratiocination-Instinct, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood;  blow  off,  Gathering- 
Scattering;  blow  one's  brains  out,  Life-Killing; 
blow  out,  Creation-Destruction,  Fasting-Glut- 
tony, Light- Darkness,  Nutriment-Excretion; 
blow  over,  Future-Past;  blow-pipe,  River-Wind, 
Watercourse-Airpipe;  blow  the  coals,  Excitation; 
blow  the  fire,  Heating-Cooling;  blow  the  horn, 
Musician;  blow  the  trumpet,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit; blow  up,  Adulation-Disparagement,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Creation-Destruction,  En- 
largement-Diminution, Excitation,  River- Wind, 
Turbulence-Calmness;  come  to  blows,  Fighting- 
Conciliation,  Strife-Peace;  deal  a  blow  at, 
Attack-Defense;  deal  a  blow  to,  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Exculpation-Punition;  death- 
blow, Life-Death,  Life-Killing. 

blown.  Swollen;  exhausted;  stale.  Selfrespect- 
Humbleness,  Weariness;  blown  upon,  Adulation- 
Disparagement,  Approval-Disapproval,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit; storm  blown  over,  Security-Inse- 
curity, Strife-Peace. 

blow'-pipe".  Tube  for  blowing  air  through.  Chemistry. 

blowzed.  Fat  and  high  colored.  Redness-Green- 
ness. 

blowz'-y.  Red-faced.  Enlargement-Diminution, 
Redness-Greenness. 

blub'-ber.  Mar;  weep.  Jubilation-Lamentation, 
Pulpiness-Rosin. 

blu'-cher.    A  half  boot.    Blucher  boot,  Dress-Undress. 

bludg'-eon.  A  club  used  as  a  weapon.  Weapon; 
bludgeon-man,  Belligerent,  Benefactor-Evil- 
doer. 

blue.  One  of  the  primary  colors.  Blueness-Orange, 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Water-Air;  blue  and  red, 
Yellowness-Purple;  blue  and  yellow,  Redness- 
Greenness;  blue-book,  Mark-Obliteration,  Rec- 
ord; blue  devils,  Lightheartedness-  Dejection; 
blue-jacket,WAYFARER-SEAFARER;  blue-light,  Alarm, 
Sign;  blue-peter,  Arrival-Departure,  Sign;  blue 
ribbon,  Title;  blue-ruin,  Teetotalism-Intemper- 
ance;  blue-stocking,  Scholar-Dunce,  Society- 
Affectation;  bit  of  blue,  Sanguineness-Hopeless- 
ness;  look  blue,  Contentedness-Discontentment, 
Emotion,  Expectation-Disappointment,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit; swear  till  all's  blue,  Assertion- 
Denial;  true-blue,  Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

Blue'-beard".  A  cruel  husband.  Matrimony-Celi- 
bacy, Purity-Rake. 

blue-ness.  The  state  of  being  blue.  Bluenbss- 
Orange. 


BLUENESS-ORANGE. 


Bice.     A  pale  blue  pigment. 

Bloom.     Freshness  in  hue. 

Blue.     One  of  the  seven  prismatic  colors ;  color  resembling  that  of  the 

clear  sky. 
Blueness.     The  state  of  being  blue . 
Bluishness.     The  quality  of  being  somewhat  blue. 


Cadmium.     An  intense  yellow  or  orange  color. 

Flame  color,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Gold.     A  color  like  that  of  gold. 

Mars  orange.     An  artificial  iron  ocher. 

Ocher.     An  earthy  iron  ore  of  an  orange  color  used  as  a  pigment 

Or.     Orange  or  gold  color. 


BLUENESS. 


113 


BOCAGE. 


BLUE  NESS— ORANGE— Continued. 


.  ndigo.     One  of  the  seven  prismatic  colors;  a  deep  blue. 

Prussian  blue.     A  dark  blue  pigment  with  a  coppery  luster. 

Smalt.     A  deep  blue  pigment. 

Syenite  blue.     A  blue  like  Syenite. 

Ultramarine.     A  blue  pigment. 

Watchet.     A  pale  or  light  blue. 

Zaffer.     A  blue  pigment. 

Blueness — Associated  Nouns. 

~  '        f  Blue  minerals  used  in  making  blue  compounds. 

Cyanogen. ) 

Garter-blue.     The  color  of  the  badge  of  the  Knights  of  the  Garter. 

Lapis  lazuli  [L.].     An  aluminous  mineral  of  rich  blue  color. 

Opal.     A  silica  stone  of  a  milky  appearance. 

Sapphire.     A  blue  mineral. 

Turquoise.     A  blue  mineral. 

Blueness — Adjectives . 

Atmospheric.     Resembling  the  atmosphere  in  color. 

Azure.     Having  a  sky-blue  color. 

Blue .     Having  a  color  resembling  that  of  the  clear  sky. 

Bluish.     Rather  blue. 

Cerulean.     Sky-colored. 

Cold.     Having  a  bluish  effect. 

Opalescent,     A  pearly  light,  reflecting  a  play  of  opaline  colors.  - 


Orange.     One  of  the  seven  prismatic  colors;  the  color  resembling 

that  of  an  orange. 
Red  and  yellow.     The  two  co^<   s  which  make  orange  when  mixed 

Orange — Verbs. 
Gi'd.     To  cover  with  an  orange  or  gold  color. 
Warm.     To  give  an  orange  or  reddish  color  to. 

Orange — Adjectives. 
Apricot-colored,     Having  the  color  of  an  apricot  or  an  orange  color. 
Brass-colored.     Of  the  color  of  brass. 
Copper-colored.     Like  copper  in  color. 
Flame-colored.     Having  the  color  of  a  flame  of  fire. 
Glowing.     Exhibiting  a  strong  bright  color. 
Hot.     Having  a  warm  or  yellowish  red  color. 
Ocherous.     Resembling  ocher  in  color. 
Orange.     Of  the  color  of  an  orange  or  reddish  yellow. 
Orange-colored.     Possessing  the  co.cr  of  an  orange. 
Warm.     Yellowish  red. 


BLUENESS— Adjectives — Continued. 
Sky-blue.     Of  the  color  of  the  sky. 
Sky-colored.     Having  the  color  of  the  sky. 
Sky-dyed.     Sky-colored. 


blu'-ish.     Somewhat  blue.     Blueness-Orange. 

blu'-ish-ness.  Small  degree  of  blue  color.  Blueness- 
Orange. 

blue'-lights.     Signal  lights.     Alarm. 

bluff.  Steep;  bold;  blunt.  Height-Lowness,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness, Presumption-Obsequiousness, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

blun'-der.  To  mistake.  Adage-Nonsense,  Adept- 
Bungler,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Success-Fail- 
ure, Truth-Error. 

blun'-der-buss.     A  shotgun.     Weapon. 

blun'-der-head".     A  stupid  person.     Adept-Bungler. 

blun'-der-head"-ed.     Stupid.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

blunt.  Dull;  rude  in  manner;  to  weaken.  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Feeling-Insensibility,  Money,  Mo- 
tive-Dehortation,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity, Sensitiveness-Apathy,  Sharp- 
ness-Bluntness,  Strength-Weakness,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness, Vigor-Inertia;  blunt  tool,  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness;  blunt-witted,  Sagacity-In- 
capacity. 

blunt'-ness.     Dulness.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

blur.  A  blot;  to  partly  obscure.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness,  Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit. 

blurred.     Blotted.     Visibility-Invisibility. 

blurt.  To  utter  abruptly.  Blurt  out,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace,  Speech-Inarticulateness. 

blush.  To  redden  in  the  face.  Conceit-Diffidence, 
Emotion,  Redness-Greenness,  Selfrespect-Hum- 
bleness;  at  first  blush,  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Manifestation-Latency,  Sight-Blindness; 
put  to  the  blush,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness, Reputation-Credit, 
Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

blush'-ing.  Coloring  in  the  face.  Redness-Greenness; 
blushing  honors  [Shakesp.];  Conceit-Diffidence, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

blus'-ter.  To  talk  noisily;  to  blow.  Charitableness- 
Menace,  Defiance,  Presumption-Obsequiousness, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

blus'-ter-er.  One  who  talks  noisily.  Brawler,  Brag- 
ging. 

blus'-ter-ing.  Talking  noisily;  blowing.  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness,  River- Wind,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

Blut  und  Eisen  [G]  (blut  unt  ai'-zen).    Blood  and  iron. 
Liquid-Gas,  Strength-Weakness. 
8 


bo.  An  exclamation.  Not  say  "  bo "  to  a  goose, 
Bravery-Cowardice. 

bo'-a.  A  serpent;  a  woman's  fur  tippet.  Dress- 
Undress. 

boar.    The  wild  hog.    Fauna-Flora,  Male-Female. 

board.  A  piece  of  timber;  food;  a  council.  Attack- 
Defense,  Council,  Hardness-Softness,  Lamina- 
Fiber,  Manager,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Sus- 
pension-Support, Tribunal;  board  school,  School; 
festive  board,  Sociability-Privacy;  go  by  the  board, 
Creation-Destruction,  Might-Impotence;  go  on 
board,  Arrival-Departure;  onboard,  Conveyance- 
Vessel,  Presence-Absence;  preside  at  the  board, 
Management. 

board'-ing.    Going  or  board  a  ship.    Attack-Defense. 

board'-ing-school".  Where  scholars  are  instructed  and 
lodged.     School. 

boards.     A  stage.     Acting,  Lists. 

boast.  Brag.  Bragging,  Conceit-Diffidence,  Pride- 
Humbleness,  Society-Affectation;  not  so  much 
to  boast  of,  Faultlessness-Faultiness. 

boast'-er.     One  who  boasts.     Bragging,  Brawler. 

boast'-ing.  Bragging.  Bragging,  Society-Affecta- 
tion. 

boast'-ful.     Proud.     Bragging. 

boa'-ston.     A  game.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

boat.  A  small  open  vessel.  Conveyance-Vessel; 
row  in  the  same  boat,  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Solitude-Company. 

boat'-ing.  Traveling  in  a  boat.  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion. 

boat'-man.  One  who  manages  a  boat.  Wayfarer- 
Seafarer. 

boat'-swain.  An  officer  in  charge  of  a  ship's  boats, 
rigging,  etc.     Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

bob.  A  plummet ;  a  grapple ;  a  cork  on  a  line.  Agita- 
tion, Elevation-Depression,  Spring-Dive,  Vibra- 
tion; bob  a  curtsy,  Politeness-Impoliteness;  bob 
for,  Trial. 

bob'-a-dil.  A  blustering  braggart.  Captain  Bobadii, 
Brawler. 

bob-bin.     A  kind  of  spool.     Revolution-Evolution. 

bob'-bing.     A  fuel.     Combustible. 

bob'-bish.  Hearty.  Health-Sickness  ;  bobbish  pretty, 
Health-Sickness. 

bob'-tailed".  Having  the  tail  cut  short.  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement. 

bocage  [F.]  (bo-cazh').    A  grove.    Fauna-Flora. 


BOCCA. 


114 


BONESET. 


hocca,  per  amusare  la  [It.]  (boc'-ca,  per  a-mu-za'-re  la). 
To  delight  the  lips.  Palatableness-Unpalatable- 
ness. 

bod'-ice.     A  corset.     Dress-Undress. 

bode.     To  predict.     Prophecy. 

bode'-ment.     An  omen.     Prophecy. 

Bode's  law.     A  law  of  the  planets.     Astronomy. 

bod'-i-ly.  In  person;  wholly.  Materiality-Spiritu- 
ality, Substance-Nullity,  Whole-Part;  bodily 
enjoyment,  Sensuality-Suffering;  bodily  fear,  San- 
guineness-Timidity;  bodily  pain,  Sensuality-Suf- 
fering. 

bod'-kin.  A  large  needle;  a  long  hairpin.  Environ- 
ment-Interposition, Perforator-Stopper. 

bod'-y.  A  person;  mass;  corporation;  system.  Associa- 
tion, Gathering-Scattering,  Humanity,  Materi- 
ality-Spirituality, Substance-Nullity,  Whole- 
Part;  body  and  blood  of  Christ,  Godliness-Ungod- 
liness; body  clothes,  Dress-Undress;  body  color, 
Painting;  body  forth,  Delineation-Caricature; 
body-guard,  Attack-Defense,  Guard-Prisoner; 
body  of  doctrine,  Knowledge-Ignorance;  body  of 
water,  River-Wind;  body  politic,  Humanity,  Rule- 
License;  in  a  body,  Solitude-Company;  keep  body 
and  soul  together,  Health-Sickness,  Life-Death. 

Bce-o'-tian.  Pertaining  to  Bceotia;  sluggish.  Gen- 
tility-Democracy, Sagacity-Incapacity,  Sage- 
Fool,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

bog.  A  fen  or  morass.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Swamp-Island;  bog  trotter,  Gentility-Democracy. 

bog'-gart.     A  goblin.     Jove-Fiend. 

bog'-gle.  Doubt;  hesitate;  shy.  Determination- 
Vacillation,  Difficulty-Facility,  Skill-Unskil- 
fulness 

bog'-gy.     Full  of  bogs.     Swamp-Island. 

bo -gie.     A  goblin.     Jove-Fiend. 

bo'-gle.     A  goblin.     Jove-Fiend. 

bo'-gus.     Sham.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

bo'-gy.     A  goblin.     Jove-Fiend. 

Bo-he'-mi-an.     A  vagabond.    Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

boil.  To  bubble  from  heat.  Agitation,  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability,  Excitation,  Favorite- 
Anger,  Health-Sickness,  Heat-Cold,  Heating- 
Cooling,  Turbulence-Calmness,  Viscidity-Foam. 

boil'-ing.     State  of  ebullition.     Heating-Cooling. 

boil'-er.  A  cylindrical  vessel  used  in  cooking.  Oven- 
Refrigerator. 

bois'-ter-ous.  Noisy.  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Hurry-Leisure,  River-Wind,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

bold.  Brave.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Force-Weakness;  bold  faced,  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness; bold  push,  Venture;  bold 
relief,  Visibility-Invisibility;  bold  stroke,  Brav- 
ery-Cowardice, Design,  Success-Failure;  make 
bold  with,  Politeness-Impoliteness;  show  a  bold 
front,  Bravery-Cowardice,  Defiance. 

bold'-ness.  Courage.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Force- 
Weakness. 

bole.     The  stem  of  a  tree.     Whole-Part. 

bo-le'-ro.  A  Spanish  dance.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

Bol'-i-var.     Bolivian  coin.     Values. 

bol'-ster.  A  long  underpillow.  Betterment-Dete- 
rioration, Convexity-Concavity,  Obstruction- 
Help;  bolster  up,  Justification-Charge. 

bolt.  To  fasten;  to  dart;  a  bar  for  a  door;  lightning. 
Aperture-Closure,  Connective,  Escape,  Fasting- 
Gluttony,  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Nutriment- 
Excretion,  Obstruction-Help, Push-Pull,  Quest- 
Evasion,  Release-Prison,  Swiftness-Slowness, 
Union-Disunion;  bolt  food,  Fasting-Gluttony, 
Nutriment-Excretion;  bolt  in,  Release-Re- 
straint; bolt  the  door,   Leave-Prohibition;  bolt 


upright,  Erectness-Flatness;  thunderbolt,  Phe- 
nomenon, Weapon. 

bolt'-head".  A  chemist's  vessel.   Contents-Receiver. 

bo'-lus.  A  large  pill.  Nutriment-Excretion,  Rem- 
edy-Bane. 

bomb.  An  explosive  shell.  Weapon;  bomb-vessel,  Bel- 
ligerent. 

bom-bard'.  To  attack  with  bombs.  Attack-De- 
fense. 

bom"-bar-dier'.  One  who  has  charge  of  mortars. 
Belligerent. 

bom-bard'-ment.  Assault  with  shot  or  shell.  Attack- 
Defense. 

bom-bar'-don.  A  wind  instrument.  Musical  In- 
struments. 

bom'-bast.  Cotton  padding  ;  extravagant  language. 
Bragging,  Rhetoric,  Meaning-Jargon,  Simplic- 
ity-Floridness,     Society-Ludicrousness. 

Bom-bas'-tes  Fu-ri-o'-so.  A  burlesque  opera  by  William 
Barnes  Rhodes,  produced  in  1790.     Brawler. 

bom-bas'-tic.  Inflated.  Gull-Hyperbole,  Simplic- 
ity-Floridness,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

bom"-bi-la'-tion.    A  humming.    Loudness-Faintness. 

bon  augure,  de  [F.]  (bon-  o-gur',  de).  Of  good  omen. 
Sanguineness-Timidity. 

bon  diable  [F.]  (bon-  di-abl').  A  good-natured  fellow. 
Wag. 

bon  enfant  [F.]  (bon-  an--fan-').  A  good  fellow.  Soci- 
ability-Pri  vacy. 

bon  gr£  mal  gr£  [F.]  (bon-  gre  mal  gre).  Willing  or 
unwilling.     Volition-Obligation. 

bon  mot  [F.]  (bon-  mo).     A  witty  expression.     Witti- 

NESS-DULNESS. 

bon  naturel  [F.]  (bon-  na-tu-rel').  A  good-natured 
fellow.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

bon  ton  [F.]  (bon-  ton-).  Good  manners.  Society- 
Ludicrousness. 

bon  vivant  [F.]  (bon-  vi-van-').  A  boon  companion. 
Fasting-Gluttony. 

bona  fide  [L.]  (bo'-na  f ai'-di) .  In  good  faith.  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

bona  roba  [It.]  (bo'-no.  ro'-ba).  A  mistress.  Purity- 
Rake. 

bo-nan'-za.  A  lucky  operation.  Excess-Lack,  Giving- 
Receiving. 

bon'-bon".     A  candy.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

bond.  A  band;  a  written  obligation  to  pay  money. 
Connective,  Contract,  Dueness-Undue-ness,  Giv- 
ing-Receiving,  Money,  Release-Prison,  Secur- 
ity; bond  of  union,  Connection-Independence, 
Connective. 

bond'-age.     Servitude.     Liberty-Subjection. 

bond'-ed.  Secured  by  bonds.  Bonded  together,  As- 
sociation. 

bond'-hold"-er.  One  owning  bonds.  Labor-Capital; 
bloated  bondholder,  Labor-Capital. 

bond'-maid".     A  female  servant.     Chief-Underling. 

bonds.  Fetters.  Release-Prison;  bonds  of  harmony, 
Variance-Accord;  in  bonds,  Chief-Underling; 
tear  asunder  one's  bonds,  Release-Restraint. 

bonds'-man.     A  slave.     Chief-Ljnderling. 

bone.  The  solid  framework  of  the  body;  a  pair  of 
clappers.  Anatomy,  Hardness-Softness,  Life- 
Corpse,  Musical  Instruments,  Solidity-Rarity; 
bone  of  contention,  Strife-Peace,  Variance-Ac- 
cord; bone  to  pick,  Difficulty-Facility,  Investi- 
gation-Answer, Variance-Accord;  break  no  bones, 
Goodness-Badness;  bred  in  the  bone,  Subjective- 
ness-Objectiveness;  make  no  bones,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Readiness-Reluctance-  one  bone  and 
one  flesh,  Matrimony-Celibacy. 

bone'-black".     Animal  black.     Chemistry. 

bone'-house".     A  dead  house.     Life-Funeral. 

bone'-set".     A  bitter  tonic.     Remedy-Bane. 


BONFIRE. 


115 


BORDER-LAND. 


bon'-fire".  A  triumphal  fire.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Heat-Cold,  Solemnization;  make  a  bonfire 
of,  Heating-Cooling. 

bon"-ho-mie'.  Good  fellowship.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

Bon-homme  [F.]  (bon-om').  A  religious  order.  Min- 
istry-Laity. 

bon'-i-face.     An  innkeeper.     Friend-Foe. 

bonne  [F.]  (bon).  A  nursemaid.  Chief-Underling, 
Guard-Prisoner. 

bonne,  a  la  .  .  .  heure  [F.]  (a  la  bon  ur).  In  good  time. 
Contentedness-Discontentment,  Readiness-Re- 
luctance. 

bonne  bouche  [F.]  (bon  bush').  A  good  mouth,  a  tid- 
bit; the   best    for  last.     Beginning-End. 

bonne,  de  .  .  .  volonte  [F.]  (de  bon  vo-lon-te').  With 
good  will.     Readiness-Reluctance. 

bon'-net.  A  covering  for  the  head.  Dress-Un- 
dress. 

bon-ny.  Merry ;  handsome.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Light- 
he  arte  dness-Dejection. 

bono,  cui  [L.]  (bo' -no,  cwai).  Of  what  good  is  it? 
Purpose-Luck,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

bono,  pro  .  .  .  publico  [L.]  (pro  bo'-no  pub'-li-co).  For 
the  public  good.  Humanitarianism-Misanthropy, 
Usefulness-Uselessness. 

bonum  magnum  [L.]  (bo'-num  mag'-num).  A  great 
good.     Good-Evil. 

bo-nus.  An  extra  payment.  Excess-Lack,  Giving- 
Receiving,  Outlay-Income. 

bo'-ny.     Hard.      Hardness-Softness. 

bonze.     A  Buddhist  monk.     Ministry-Laity. 

boo'-by.     A  dunce.      Sage-Fool. 

Boo'-dhism.      Buddhism.    Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

Boo'-dhist.      Buddhist.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

book.  A  volume;  printed  matter.  Accounts,  Mark- 
Obliteration,  Missive-Publication,  Record;  at 
one's  books,  Teaching- Learning;  book  learning, 
Knowledge-Ignorance;  book  of  fate,  Volition- 
Obligation;  bring  to  book,  Accounts,  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Evidence;  mind  one's  books,  Teach- 
ing-Learning; school  book,  School;  without  book, 
Remembrance-  Forgetfulness. 

book'-case".      A  case  for  books.     Contents-Receiver. 

booksd.      About  to  die.      Life-Death. 

book'-ing.  Registering  in  a  book.  Mark-Oblitera- 
tion. 

book'-ish.      Studious.      Knowledge-Ignorance. 

book'-keep"-er.      Accountant.     Recorder. 

book'-keep"-ing.  The  art  of  keeping  accounts.  Ac- 
counts. 

book'-learn"-ing.  Knowledge  from  books.  Missive- 
Publication. 

book'-less.     Unscholarly.     Scholar-Dunce. 

book'-let.      Little  book      Missive-Publication. 

book'-mak"-ing.  The  art  of  compiling  books.  Ration- 
ale-Luck. 

book'-sell"-er.  One  who  sells  books.  Missive-Pub- 
lication. 

book'-worm.      A  close  student.     Scholar-Dunce. 

boom.  A  hollow  roar;  to  promote.  Attack-De- 
fense, Impetus- Reaction,  Loudness-Faintness' 
Obstruction-Help,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Suspen- 
sion-Support,  Traveling-Navigation. 

boom'-er-ang.  A  missile  weapon  of  Australia.  Im- 
petus-Reaction, Weapon. 

boom'-ing.  Roaring  like  distant  guns.  Impetus- 
Reaction. 

boon.  A  gift.  Giving-Receiving,  Good-Evil;  boon 
companion,  Friend-Foe;  beg  a  boon,  Petition. 

boor.      An  ill-bred  fellow.     Gentility-Democracy. 

boor'-ish.  Clownish.  Politeness-Impoliteness, Taste- 
Vulgarity 

boost.     To  raise  from  beneath.     Push-Pull. 


boot.  A  covering  for  the  foot  and  leg.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver,  Dress-Undress,  Recompense-Scourge. 

boot.  To  benefit;  an  addition.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Good-Evil;  to  boot,  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion; what  boots  it?  Consequence-Insignificance. 

boot'-ed.  Having  boots  on;  ready.  Booted  and 
spu-Ted,  Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

booth.  A  stall  in  a  fair,  market,  etc.  Dweller-Hab- 
itation, Market. 

boot'-less.  Useless.  Success-Failure,  Usefulness- 
Uselessness. 

boots.     An  inn  servant;  coverings  for  foot  and  leg. 
Gentility-Democracy. 

boo'-ty.     Plunder.     Plunder. 

booze.  To  drink  to  excess.  Teetotalism-Intemper- 
ance. 

booz'-y.     Tipsy.     Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

bo"-peep'.  The  game  of  peek'-a-boo.  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Sight-Blindness. 

bor'-del.    A  bawdy-house.    Purity-Impurity. 

bor'-der.  Adjoin;  an  edge;  to  adorn  with  a  border. 
Beginning-End,  Border,  Domestication-Agri- 
culture, Embellishment  -  Disfigurement,  En- 
vironment-Interposition; border  upon,  Inter- 
space-Contact, Remoteness-Nearness. 

BORDER. 

Border.     Strip  or  stripe  just  inside  or  surrounding  the  edge. 

Brim.     The  top  of  the  side  of  a  containing  vessel. 

Brink.     Edge  of  a  precipice  or  deep  place. 

Brow.     The  upper  part  of  a  hill. 

Edge.     Line  marking  the  termination  of  a  surface. 

Marge.     Margin. 

Margin.     Border  of  a  book  or  of  a  piece  of  water. 

Rim .     Edge  of  a  vessel . 

Skirt.     The  outer  part,  as  of  a  city. 

Verge.     Extreme  border  of  a  place. 

Border — Denotations, 
„.  aps "  |  The  fleshy  parts  about  the  jaws ;  the  jaws. 

Coast.     The  land  bordering  upon  the  ocean. 

Door.     An  opening  in  the  wall  of  a  house  or  of  an  apartment. 

Edging.     That  which  forms  an  edge  or  border. 

Flange.     A  surrounding  rim  for  strength,  or  for  a  guide. 

Flounce.     An  ornamental  appendage  about  the  skirt  of  a  woman's 

dress. 
Frame.     The  skeleton  of  a  structure ;  an  open  structure  for  enclosing 

or  supporting  things. 
Frill.     A  border  secured  at  one  edge,  and  left  free  at  the  other. 
Fringe.     An  ornamental  appendage  to  the  border  of  a  piece  of  stuff. 
Furbelow.     A  flounce  on  a  woman's  garment. 
Hem.     The  edge  or  border  of  a  garment. 
Jaws.     The  framework  of  the  mouth . 
List.     A  strip  forming  the  woven  border  of  cloth. 
Mouth.     The  aperture  between  the  jaws. 
Porch.     An  entrance  to  a  building. 
Portal.     A  doorway. 
Selvedge.     The  woven  edge  of  cloth . 
Skirting.     The  border  of  a  woman's  skirt. 
Threshold.     The  border  or  entrance. 
Trimming.     An  ornamental  bordering. 
Valance.     Hanging  drapery  of  a  couch  or  window. 
Welt.     A  hem,  border  or  fringe. 

Border — Adjectives. 

Border.     Lying  on  the  edge. 

Labial.     Having  edges  or  lips. 

Labiated.     Provided  with  edges  or  lips. 

Marginal.     Pertaining  to  the  margin. 

Marginated.     Provided  with  margins. 

Skirting.     Lying  close  to,  running  along  the  edge  of. 

bor'-der-er.  One  dwelling  on  the  border.  Remote- 
ness-Nearness. 

bor'-der-land".  Land  on  the  border.  Interspacb- 
Contact,  Remoteness-Nearness. 


BORE. 


116 


BOUNDARY. 


bore.  To  perforate;  a  tiresome  affair.  Aperture- 
Closure,  Breadth-Narrowness,  Desire-Reple- 
tion,   Entertainment-Weariness,   Pleasurable- 

NESS-PaINFULNES?.    PlEASURE-PaIN,     RlVER-WlND. 

bo'-re-al.  Northern;  pertaining  to  Boreas.  Heat- 
Cold,  Laterality-Contraposition. 

Bo'-re-as.     The  north  wind .     River- Wind. 

bor'-er.  One  who  or  that  which  bores.  Perforator- 
Stopper. 

borgnes,  au  royaume  des  aveugles  les  .  .  .  sont  rois  [F.l 
(o  rwa-yom'  dez  a-vugl'  le  borny  son-  rwa).  In 
the  country  of  the  blind  the  one-eyed  are  kings. 
Chiep-Unberling,  Consequence-Insignificance. 

Borgen  macht  Sorgen  [G.]  (bor'-Hen  maHt  sor'-Hen). 
Borrowing  makes  sorrowing.      Loan-Borrowing. 

born.  Brought  into  being.  Born  so,  Subjective- 
ness-Objectiveness;  born  under  a  lucky  star,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune; born  under  an  evil  star,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune. 

borne.  Supported;  carried.  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility;  borne  down,  Lightheartedness-  Dejec- 
tion, Success-Failure. 

borne'  [F.]  (bor-ne').  Narrow-minded.  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity. 

bor-nouse'.  A  garment  of  Arab  origin.  Dress-Un- 
dress. 

bor'-ough.  An  incorporated  town  that  is  not  a  city. 
City-Country,  Dweller-Habitation. 

bor'-row.  To  take  from  another  as  a  loan..  Credit- 
Debt,  Loan  -  Borrowing  ;  borrow  of  Peter  to  pay 
Paul,  Commutation-Permutation,  Loan-Borrow- 
ing, Theft. 

bor'-rowed.  Loaned.  Borrowed  plumes,  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud, Loan-Borrowing. 

bor'-row-er.     One  who  borrows.     Credit-Debt. 

bor'-row-ing.  The  act  of  obtaining  loans.  Loan-Bor- 
rowing. 

bosh.  Folly.  Consequence-Insignificance,  Mean- 
ing-Jargon, Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

bos'-om.  The  breast.  Affections,  Outside-Inside, 
Sagacity-Incapacity;  bosom-friend,  Friend-Foe; 
bosom  of  one's  family,  Outside-Inside  ;  in  the  bosom 
of,  Confinement. 

boss.     A  knob.     Convexity-Concavity. 

boss'-age.  Stone  projecting  from  a  wall.  Architec- 
ture. 

bossed.     Worked  in  relief.     Convexity-Concavity. 

boss'-ism.  Political  party  management  by  bosses. 
Presumption-Obsequiousness, Tyranny-Anarchy. 

boss'-y.  Decorated  with  bosses.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity. 

bos'-ton.  A  game  of  cards.  Entertainment- Weari- 
ness. 

bo-tan'-ic.  Pertaining  to  botany.  Botanic  garden, 
Zoology-Botany. 

bo-tan'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  botany.  Zoology-Bot- 
any. 

bot'-a-nist.     One  versed  in  botany.    Zoology-Botany. 

bot'-a-nize.     Study  plants.     Zoology-Botany. 

bot'-a-no-man"-cy.    Divination  by  plants.     Prophecy. 

bot'-a-ny.  Science  of  plants.  Fauna-Flora,  Organ- 
ization-Inorganization,  Zoology-Botany. 

botch.  Ill -finished  work.  Renovation  -  Relapse, 
Skill-Unskilfulness,  Success-Failure. 

botch'-er.     A  bungler.     Adept-Bungler. 

botch'-er-y.  Bungling  work.  Skill-Unskilfulness, 
Truth-Error. 

both.  The  two.  Burn  the  candle  at  both  ends, 
Excess-Lack;  butter  one's  bread  on  both  sides, 
Excess-Lack;  listen  with  both  ears,  Hearing-Deaf- 
ness. 

hoth'-er.  To  annoy.  Activity-Indolence,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Difficulty- Facility,  Pleasur- 
ableness-Painfulness,  Pleasure-Pain. 


both"-er-a'-tion.    Annoyance.    Pleasure-Pain. 
both'-er-ing.    Annoving.    Pleasurableness-Painful- 

NESS. 

both'-y.  A  hut  for  laborers;  a  cottage.  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

bot'-tle.  A  narrow  mouthed  vessel  for  liquids.  Con- 
servation, Contents-Receiver;  bee  in  a  bottle, 
Crash-Drumming;  bottle-green,  Redness -Green- 
ness; bottle-holder,  Antagonist-Assistant,  Medi- 
ation, Turbulence-Calmness;  bottle  up,  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy, Release-Restraint,  Remem 
brance-Forgetfulness;  crack  a  bottle,  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion; pass  the  bottle,  Teetotalism 
Intemperance;  smelling-bottle,  Perfume-Stench. 

bot'-tom.  The  base; 'the  keel  of  a  ship;  endurance. 
Bravery-Cowardice,  Convexity-Concavity,  Con- 
veyance-Vessel, Persistence-Whim,  Suspension- 
Support,  Top-Bottom;  at  bottom,  Subjectiveness- 
Objectiveness;  at  the  bottom  of,  Cause-Effect; 
bottom  upwards,  Reversal;  from  the  bottom  of  one's 
heart,  Emotion,  Truthfulness-Falsehood;  go  to 
the  bottom,  Spring-Dive;  probe  to  the  bottom,  In- 
vestigation-Answer. 

bot'-tom-less.  Having  no  bottom.  Deepness-Shal- 
lowness;  angel  of  the  bottomless  pit,  Angel-Satan; 
bottomless  pit,  Deepness-Shallowness,  Heaven- 
Hell. 

bouche,  bonne  [F.]  (bush,  bon-).  The  best  taste.  Be- 
ginning-End, Palatableness-Unpalatableness, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Sensuality-Suf- 
fering, Store. 

bouche  a  feu  [F.]   (bushafu).     Cannon.     Weapon. 

bou'-der-ie.    Pouting.    Favorite-Moroseness. 

bou'-doir".  A  lady's  private  reception-room.  Con- 
tents-Receiver. 

boufje,  opera  [F.]  (buf,  op-e-ra').  A  farcical  comic 
operetta.     Acting. 

bouge.     The  bulge  of  a  cask.     Convexity-Concavity. 

bough.  A  large  branch  of  a  tree.  Curvation-Recti- 
linearity,  Fauna-Flora,  Whole-Part. 

bought.     Bending.     Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

bou'-gie.     A  surgical  instrument.     Luminary-Shade. 

boul'-der.     A  large  stone.     Roundness. 

bou'-le-vards.  Broad  city  avenues.  City,  Environ- 
ment-Interposition. 

boule-verse'.     Overthrow.     Excitation. 

boule-verse'-ment.  A  revolution.  Creation-De- 
struction, Excitation,  Revolution. 

boule-ver'-ser.     Revolutionist.     Excitation. 

bounce.  A  sudden  leap;  a  lie;  a  boast.  Bragging, 
Presumption  -  Obsequiousness,  Spring  -  Dive, 
Truthfulness-Fabrication,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness; bounce  upon,  Arrival-Departure,  Expecta- 
tion-Disappointment. 

boun'-cing.     Large.     Greatness-Littleness. 

bound.  Jump;  confined;  limit.  Confinement,  En- 
gagement-Release, Spring-Dive,  Swiftness- 
Slowness;  bound  back,  Impetus-Reaction;  bound 
by,  Duty-Immunity;  bound  for,  Aim-Aberration, 
Purpose-Luck;  bound  to,  Duty-Immunity,  En- 
gagement-Release; I'll  be  bound,  Assertion-De- 
nial. 

bound'-a-ry.     A  limiting  or  dividing  line.     Boundary. 

BOUNDARY. 

Boundary.     That  which  indicates  or  fixes  a  limit,  or  extent,  or  marks 

abound. 
Boundary  line.     See  Boundary. 
Confine.     A  common  boundary. 

Enclave.     A  territory  within  another,  but  independent  o£  it. 
Flood-gate.     Agate  which  limits  the  flow  of  water. 
Frontier.     The  boundary  of  a  country  or  of  civilization. 
Hedgerow.     A  fence  or  boundary  made  of  hedge. 
Kerb-stone.     The  boundary  of  a  pavement. 


BOUNDARY. 


117 


BRACHIAL. 


Landmark,     A  mark  which  indicates  the  extent  of  territory. 

limit.     That  which  limits  or  bounds. 

Line  of  cir  cum  valla  tion.     A  surrounding  boundary. 

Line  of  demarcation.     A  boundary  or  limit  of  extent  of  territory. 

Marches.     Territorial  borders  or  frontiers 

Ne  plus  ultra  [L.].     No  more  beyond;  hence,  the  limit. 

Pale.     An  enclosure. 

Pillars  of   Hercules.     Two  hills,  between  which  are  the  Straits  of 

Gibraltar,  thrown  up  by  Hercules  to  mark  the  limit  of  his  labors, 

and  of  the  world. 
Precinct.     A  place  marked  by  fixed  lines 
Rubicon.     A  small  river  separating  Gaul  from  Italy,  the  crossing  of 

which  by  Cassar  began  his  conquest  of  Italy. 
Sluice.     A  channel  for  water. 
Stint.     A  definite  amount,  as  of  work. 
Termination.     The  end  or  limit. 
Terminus.     The  end. 
Verge.     A  border  or  limit. 

Boundary — Adjectives. 

Definite.     With  fixed  limits. 
Conterminable.  I  „.,,.  ..  ,.    .. 

Conterminate.    J  Wlth  the  same  llmIts- 


Frontier.      Pertaining  to  the  limits  of  a  country. 
Terminal.     Pertaining  to  a  boundary. 

Boundary — Adverbs. 

Thus  far.     To  this  extent 

Thus  far  and  no  further.     To  this  extent  only. 

bound'-en.    Binding.     Bounden  duty,  Duty-Immunity. 

bound'-less.  Unlimited.  Extension-District,  In- 
finity. 

bounds.  Limits;  springs.  Bounds  of  possibility,  Pos- 
sibility-Impossibility; keep  within  bounds,  Leave- 
Prohibition,  Release-Restraint,  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

boun'-te-ous.     Plentiful.      Generosity-Frugality. 

boun'-te-ous-ness.  Munificence.  Generosity-Fru- 
gality. 

boun'-ti-ful.  Free  in  giving.  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence, Generosity-Frugality. 

boun'-ti-ful-ness.  Liberality  in  the  bestowment  of 
gifts.     Generosity-Frugality. 

boun'-ty.  Plenty.  Generosity-Frugality,  Giving- 
Receiving,  Obstruction-Help. 

bou'-quet.  A  bunch  of  flowers.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement,  Perfume-Stench. 

bour-geois'.  A  kind  of  type;  a  Frenchman  of  middle 
rank.     Gentility-Democracy,  Writing-Printing. 

bour'-geon.  Sprout,  as  a  branch.  Enlargement- 
Diminution. 

bourn.     A  limit.     Boundary. 

bourse.     A  money-market.     City-Country,  Money. 

bouse.  To  drink  to  excess.  Teetotalism-Intemper- 
ance. 

bout.  A  contest.  Action-Passiveness,  Entertain- 
ment -  Weariness,  Periodicity  -  Irregularity, 
Strife-Peace;  drinking  bout,  Moderation,  Self- 
indulgence. 

bou-tade'.  An  outbreak  of  speech.  Adage-Nonsense, 
Persistence- Whim. 

bout  de  son  latin,  au  [F.]  (bu  de  son-  la- tan',  o).  At 
the  end  of  his  Latin.  Difficulty-Facility,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Ratiocination-Instinct. 

bout  du  compte,  au  [F.]  (bu  dti  cont,  o).  Finally. 
Ratiocination-Instinc  . 

boulez  en  avant  [F.]  (bu-tez'  an'  a-van').  Push  for- 
ward. Activity-Indolence,  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Order. 

bove  majori  discit  arare  minor,  a  [L.]  (bo'-vi  ma-jo'-rai 
dis'-sit  a-re'-ri  mai'-nor,  e).  From  the  older  ox  the 
younger  learns  to  plow.  Education-Learning, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

bo'- vine.  Ox-like.  Fauna-Flora,  Sagacity-Incapac- 
ity. 


bow.  To  incline;  the  prow  of  a  ship ;  a  weapon;  a  fid- 
dlestick. Anteriority-Posteriority,  Convexity- 
Concavity,  Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Eleva- 
tion-Depression, Embellishment-Disfigurement, 
Musical  Instruments,  Politeness-Impoliteness, 
Presumption  -  Obsequiousness,  Regard  -  Disre- 
spect, Weapon;  bend  the  bow,  Elevation-Depres- 
sion, Toil-Relaxation  ;  bow  down,  Devotion-Idol- 
atry; bow  out,  Admission-Expulsion;  bow  submis- 
sion, Yielding. 

Bow'-bells".  The  bells  of  St.  Mary-le-Bow,  in  the 
central  part  of  London,  in  Cockneydom.  Born 
within  sound  of  Bow-bells,  Gentility-Democracy. 

bowed.  Bent.  Bowed  down,  Convexity -Concav- 
ity, Curvature-Rectilinearity,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

bow'-el-less.    Merciless.    Compassion-Ruthlessness. 

bow'-els.  The  intestines.  Outside-Inside;  bowels 
of  compassion,  Compassion-Ruthlessness;  bowels 
of  the  earth,  Deepness-Shallowness. 

bow'-er.  A  cottage;  an  arbor.  Contents-Receiver, 
Country,  Dweller-Habitation;  bowers  of  bliss, 
Heaven-Hell. 

bow'-ie-knife".  A  hunting  knife,  15  inches  by  1%, 
worn  as  a  weapon  by  Colonel  J.  Bowie,  of  Texas. 
Weapon. 

bowl.  A  concave  vessel ;  a  ball  for  rolling  on  level  sur- 
faces. Contents -Receiver,  Revolution;  bowl 
along,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion; flowing  bowl,  Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

bowl'-der.     A  large  stone.     Roundness. 

bow'-legged".  Crooked-legged.  Curvature-Recti- 
linearity, Proportion-Deformity. 

bowl'-ing-green" .  A  lawn  for  playing  at  bowls.  Erect- 
ness-Flatness,  Form-Formlessness. 

bowls.  A  game.  Entertainment-Weariness,  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness. 

bow'-man".    An  archer.     Belligerent,  Push-Pull. 

bow'-shot".  The  distance  an  arrow  can  be  shot  from  a 
bow.     Remoteness-Nearness. 

bow'-string".  A  string  for  a  bow;  a  Turkish  punish- 
ment. Exculpation-Punition,  Life-Killing,  Rec- 
ompense-Scourge. 

bow'-wow".     The  bark  of  a  dog.     Cry-Ululation. 

box.  A  case;  blow  on  the  ear.  Acting,  Contents- 
Receiver,  Dweller-Habitation,  Strife-Peace;; 
box  the  compass,  Aim-Aberration,  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy, Revolution-Evolution;  box  the  ear,  Favor- 
ite-Anger, Recompense-Punition;  box  up,  Re- 
lease-Restraint; horse  box,  Conveyance-Vessel; 
musical  box,  Musical  Instruments;  wrong  box, 
Difficulty-Facility,     Right-Wrong,     Skill-Ux- 

SKILFULNESS,  TrUTH-ErROR. 

box'-er.     A  pugilist.     Belligerent. 

box'-ing.     Pugilism.     Strife-Peace. 

boy.     A  male  child.    Infant-Veteran,  Male-Female. 

boy'-cott.  Refraining  from  intercourse,  as  with  Capt. 
Boycott,  A.  D.  1880,  an  Irish  landlord.  Labor-Cap- 
ital. 

boy'-ar.    An  aristocrat.     Gentility-Democracy. 

boy'-hood.     State  of  a  boy.      Infancy-Age. 

boy'-ish.     Like  a  boy.     Infant-Veteran. 

brab'-ble.  To  squabble.  Strife-Peace,  Variance- 
Accord. 

brab'-bler.  A  squabbler.  Favorite-Quarrelsome- 
ness. 

brace.  That  which  holds;  a  pair;  a  strut.  Connec- 
tive, Duality,  Melody-Dissonance,  Strength- 
Weakness,  Union-Disunion,  Weariness-Re- 
freshment. 

brace'-let.  A  wrist  ornament.  Circle-Winding,  Em- 
bellishment-Disfigurement. 

brach'-i-al.  Belonging  to  the  arm.  Anatomy,  In- 
strument. 


BRACHYGRAPHY. 


118 


BRAIN. 


bra-chyg'-ra-phy.    Stenography.    Writing-Printing. 

bra'-cing.  Invigorating.  Healthiness-Unhealthi- 
ness,  Weariness-Refreshment. 

brack'-en.    Fern.    Fauna-Flora. 

brack'-et.  A  support.  Architecture,  Connective, 
Duality,  Suspension-Support,  Union-Disunion. 

brack'-ish.     Saltish.     Pungency. 

brad.     A  thin  nail.     Connective. 

brad'-awl".  An  awl  to  make  holes  for  inserting  brads. 
Perforator-Stopper. 

Brad'-shaw.  A  guide-book  to  English  railways.  Trav- 
eling-Navigation. 

brae.     A  hillside.     Height-Lowness. 

brag.  Boast;  a  game  of  cards.  Bragging,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 

brag"-ga-do'-cio.     A  braggart.     Bragging. 

brag'-gard-ism.     Boastfulness.     Bragging. 

brag'-gart.     A  boaster.     Bragging,  Brawler. 

brag'-ging.     Boasting.     Bragging. 

BRAGGING. 

m 
Ulague.     Pretentious  falsehood. 
Boast.     The  act  of  boasting;  bragging. 
Boasting.     Ostentatious  speaking  or  display. 
Bombast.     High-sounding  language. 
Bounce.     Audacious  boasting. 
Brag.     Showy  pretense. 

Braggardism.     The  act  of  boasting  or  bragging. 
Bravado.     Boastful  conduct. 

{Anything  said  to  gain  public  applause.  It  comes  from 
a  remark  made  by  a  Congressman  from  North  Caro- 
lina that  he  was  talking  "Only  for  Buncombe,"  a 
county  in  his  congressional  district. 

Chauvinism.  Very  showy  and  exaggerated  patriotism.  From  N. 
Chauvin,  a  soldier  of  Napoleon. 

Crake.     Boasting;  a  boast. 

Exaggeration,  etc.  The  act  of  overstating  the  truth.  See  Gull- 
Hyperbole. 

Exultation.     The  act  of  excessive  rejoicing. 

Fanf aronnade.     A  blustering  speech  or  style ;  vain  boasting. 

Fine  talking.     Boastful  speech. 

Flourish.     An  ostentatious  display  of  words  and  figures. 

Flourish. of  trumpets.     Great  rejoicing. 

Gasconade.     Boasting;  bragging  like  Gascons. 

donation.     Boasting. 

Glorification.     The  act  of  making  glorious. 

Jactancy.     A  bragging 

Jactitation.  A  false  assertion  repeated  to  the  prejudice  of  another's 
rights. 

Magniloquence.     Bombastic  discourse. 

Much  cry  and  little  wool.  Much  noise  but  little  product,  as  when 
one  shears  the  swine. 

Pretense.     False  show. 

Pretension.     An  assumed  right 

Puff.     An  empty  expression  of  praise. 

Puffery.     The  bestowment  of  interested  public  commendation. 

Rodomontade.  Like  Rodomonte  in  Orlando  Furioso.  Vainglo- 
rious boasting. 

Tall  talk.     Bragging. 

Teratology.     Affected  sublimity. 

Triumph,  etc.     Exultation  for  success,  etc.     See  Solemnization. 

Vanity,  etc.     Idle  show,  etc.     See  Conceit. 

Vaporing.     Idle  boasting. 

Vaunt.     Ostentatious  display. 

Venditation.     Showy  display. 

Vox  et  prceterea  nihil  [L.j.     Voice  and  nothing  else. 

Bragging — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Blusterer.     A  noisy  swaggerer.     See  Brawler. 

Boaster.     One  who  boasts;  a  braggart. 

Braggadocio.     A  braggart;  a  boaster. 

Braggart.     A  boaster. 

Brutum  fulmen  [L.].     A  harmless  thunderbolt. 

Charlatan.     An  impostor. 

Fanfaron  [F.].     A  bully. 

Foxy  Quiller.      Bragging  comic  detective. 

Heroics.     Poems  which  celebrate  the  deeds  of  heroes. 

Jackpudding.     A  buffoon. 

Pretender.     One  who  lays  claim  or  asserts  a  title  to  something. 


Puppy,  etc.     A  conceited  and  impertinent  person      See  Society 

Dandy. 
Soi-disant  [F.].     A  pretender. 
Trumpeter.     One  who  proclaims,  publishes,  or  denounces 

Bragging — Verbs 
Ballarag.     To  boast. 

Boast.    To  speak  vaingloriously,  especially  of  oneself  or  one's  belong- 
ings. 
Brag.     To  speak  boastfully. 

Chuckle.     To  laugh  in  an  exulting  or  derisive  manner. 
Crack  I 
Crake'  i^°  ta^  boastfully;  to  crack  up,  as  a  whip. 

Crow  over.     To  exult  triumphantly  over,  like  a  game-cock. 

Exult.     To  rejoice  triumphantly;  to  leap  up. 

Faire  claquer  son  fouet    [F.].     To  crack  a  whip;  hence,  to  make  a 

noise  in  the  world. 
Halloo  before  one  is  out  of  the  wood.     To  shout  before  one  is  out  of 

danger. 
Make  a  boast  of.1  ~     ,. 
Mak;ameritofJExu,tover- 
Neigh.     To  utter  a  cry  like  a  horse ;  to  scoff  or  jeer. 
Puff.     To  flatter  or  to  praise  excessively;  to  blow  up,  as  a  bladder, 
Se  faire  valoir  IF.].     To  maintain  one's  dignity. 
Show  off.     To  make  a  display  of  oneself. 
Sing  Jo  triumphe.     To  sing  as  Roman  soldiers  at  a  triumph. 
Strut.     To  walk  about  with  affected  dignity. 
Swagger.     To  bluster  or  boast  noisily. 
Take  merit  to  oneself.     Assume  credit. 

Talk  big.     To  brag;  to  speak  great  [Bacon,  Essay  on  Friendship^, 
Throw  up  one's  cap.     To  exult  exceedingly  p  as  over  a  victory. 
Triumph.     To  gain  a  victory ;  to  celebrate  a  victory. 
Trumpet.     To  proclaim  abroad. 

Vapor.     To  indulge  in  idle  talk ;  to  boast ;  to  blow  off  steam. 
Vaunt.     To  make  an  ostentatious  display  of;  to  display  with  vanity. 

Bragging — Adjectives. 

Boastful.     Disposed  to  boast. 

Boasting.     See  Verbs. 

Braggart.     Boastful. 

Cock-a-hoop.     Exulting. 

Elate.     Puffed  up  by  success. 

Elated.     Filled  with  exultation. 

Exultant.     Given  to  rejoicing. 

Flaming.     Very  ardent. 

Flushed.     Glowing  with  excitement. 

Flushed  with  victory. 

Gasconading.     Inclined  to  brag  or  boast  like  a  Gascon. 

In  high  feather.     Exulting  in  spirit. 

Jubilant.     Shouting  songs  of  triumph . 

Magniloquent.     Speaking  in  a  pompous  style. 

On  stilts.     Elevated  as  if  on  stilts,  hence  pompous. 

Pretentious.     Inclined  to  claim  more  than  is  one's  due. 

Soi-disant.  [F.]  Self-styled. 

Stilted.     Bombastic. 

Thrasonic.     Pertaining  to  Thraso,  a  braggart  soldier  in  TerencVi 

Eunuch,  hence  boastful. 
Triumphant.     Exultant  over  victory. 
Vainglorious.     Possessed  of  empty  pride.     See  Conceit. 
Vaunted.     See  Verbs. 

Bragging — Adverbs. 

Vaunringly,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Bragging — Phrases. 

Cur&    leves    loquuntur,    ingentes    stupent    [L.].      Trivial     anxieties 

talk,  great  ones  stand  mute. 
Facta  non  verba  [L.].     Deeds,  not  words. 
"  Let  the  galled  jade  wince."     [Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  III,  «.] 

Brah'-ma.     The  Hindu  Supreme  Creator.    Jove-Fiend. 

Brah'-man.  A  member  of  the  first  caste  of  India.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

Brah'-mln.  A  member  of  the  first  cast'e  of  India. 
Ministry-Laity,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

Brah-min'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  the  doctrines  of  the 
Brahmins.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

braid.  To  plait;  sort  of  lace.  Connective,  Crossing, 
Union-Disunion,  Variegation. 

brain.  The  understanding;  to  kill.  Life-Killing; 
Mind-Imbecility,  Sagacity-Incapacity;  blow  one's 


BRAIN. 


119 


BRAVERY— COWARDICE. 


brains  out,  Life-Killing;  coinage  of  the  brain, 
Fancy;  suck  one's  brains,  Investigation-Answer; 
rack  one's  brains,  Fancy,  Mind-Imbecility. 

brain'-less.     Witless.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

brain'-pan".     The  skull.     Mind-Imbecility. 

brain'-sick".    Mentally  disordered.     Heed-Disregard. 

brain'-work".     Mental  labor.     Reflection-Vacancy. 

brake.  A  fern;  a  harrow.  Fauna-Flora,  Release- 
Prison. 

bram'-ble.  A  prickly  shrub.  Remedy-Bane,  Sharp- 
ness-Bluntness. 

bran.     Husk.     Friability. 

bran'-card.     A  horse-litter.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

branch.  A  bough;  a  department.  Fauna-Flora, 
Parentage-Progeny,  Whole-Part;  branch  off, 
Concentration  -  Radiation,  Doubling  -  Halving  ; 
branch  out,  Doubling-Halving,  Terseness-Pro- 
lixity. 

branch'-ing.  The  act  of  sending  forth  branches.  Pro- 
portion-Deformity. 

brand.  A  mark;  a  sword;  a  disgrace;  a  kind.  Adula- 
tion -  Disparagement,  Approval-  Disapproval, 
Combustible,  Heating-Cooling,  Luminary-Shade, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Sign,  Weapon;  brand  of 
discord,  Variance-Accord;  brand  new,  Novelty- 
Antiquity;  brand  with  reproach,  Justification- 
Charge. 


bran'-dish.     Flourish.     Agitation,  Pomp,  Vibration. 

bran'-gle.     Brawl.     Variance-Accord. 

bran'-gler.     A  wrangler.     Antagonist-Assistant. 

brank.     To  restrain.     Recompense-Scourge. 

bran'-ny.     Like  bran.     Friability. 

bras  croises,  les  [F.]  (bra  crwa-ze',  le).  With  hands 
folded.     Action-Passiveness. 

bras  ouverls,  a  [F.]  (braz  u-var' ,  a) .  With  open  arms. 
Politeness-Impoliteness. 

brash.  A  transient  attack  of  sickness.  Health- 
Sickness. 

bra'-sier.     A  brass-worker.     Oven-Refrigerator. 

brass.  An  alloy  of  copper  and  zinc ;  boldness.  Brag- 
ging; brass  band,  Musical  Instruments;  brass- 
colored,  Blueness-Orange;  brass  farthing,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance; bold  as  brass,  Bravery- 
Cowardice. 

brat.  A  contemptuous  name  for  a  child.  Infant- 
Veteran. 

brat'-ling.     An  infant.     Infant-Veteran. 

bra-va'-do.     A  brag.     Bragging. 

brave.  Fearless;  bold;  to  dare.  Bravery-Coward- 
ice, Defiance,  Emotion,  Excitability-Inexcita. 
bility,  Health-Sickness;  brave  a  thousand  years 
[Campbell,  Ye  Mariners  of  England],  Lastingness^ 
Transientness. 

bra'-ver-y.     Courage.     Bravery-Cowardice. 


BRAVERY— COWARDICE. 


Audacity.     Excessive  tendency  to  venture. 

Backbone.      Firmness. 

Boldness,  etc .     Readiness  to  meet  danger,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Bottom.     Power  of  endurance.     See  Persistence. 

Bravery.  Sustained  energy  of  soul  in  the  presence  of  living  or  active 
opponents. 

Bulldog  courage.      Determination;  persistence. 

Chivalry.     Conduct  becoming  a  knight. 

Confidence.     Trust  in  oneself  or  another. 

Contempt  of  danger.      Recklessness. 

Courage.  Calm  and  persistent  bravery  in  the  presence  of  moral  as 
well  as  physical  dangers ;  a  stout  heart. 

Daring.     Eagerness  to  encounter  dangers. 

Dash.     Animation. 

Defiance  of  danger.      Utter  recklessness. 

Face.     Effrontery. 

Firmness.     Persistence  in  an  opinion  or  position.     See  Defiance. 

Fortitude.     Firmness  of  mind  in  resisting  dangers  and  sufferings. 

Gallantry.     Spirited  and  adventurous  courage  with  gaiety. 

Game.     Gallantry;  the  spirit  of  a  game-cock. 

Hardihood.     Boldness,  united  with  firmness  and  constancy  of  mind. 

Heart.     Spirit . 

Heart  of  grace.      Courageousness. 

Heart  of  oak.      Courage,  valor. 

Heroism.     The  courage  of  a  hero  or  demigod. 

Intrepidity.  The  quality  of  sustaining  the  most  extreme  and  appall- 
ing dangers  unmoved. 

£anuness.}C™-irt-^ 

Mettle.     Ardor.      The  metal  of  which  a  warrior  is  made. 

Nerve.     Fearlessness. 

Pluck.     Spirit;  indomitable  resolution. 

Prowess.     Bravery  combined  with  skili. 

Rashness,  etc.     Undue  haste  in  action,  etc.     See  Recklessness. 

Resoluteness.      Firmness  in  purpose. 

Resolution,     j  Confidence  in  oneself. 

Self-reliance.  > 

Spirit.     Vivacity ;  nerve,  heart,  pluck,  stomach  for  a  fight. 

Spunk.     Spirit,  or  p  uck;  touchwood;  tinder. 

Valor.     Quality  shown  by  refusing  to  yield  and  fly 

Virtue.     Moral  excellence ;  in  early  Rome,  pluck. 

Bravery — Agents. 

Amazon.      One  of  a  fabulous  race  of  female  warriors  in  Scythia. 

Bulldog.  A  fierce  dog  noted  for  its  persistence;  hence,  a  deter- 
mined person. 

Bully.      A  fellow,  more  insolent  than  courageous. 

Demigod.     A  fabulous  hero,  the  offspring  of  a  deity  and  a  mortal. 

Fighting-cock.  A  male  fowl  kept  for  fighting;  hence,  a  quarrelsome 
person . 


Baseness.     Dishonorableness. 

Co       AY  1  State  or  quality  of  being  fearful.     See  Adjectives- 

Dastardness.  I  „  ,- 

Dastardly.      J  Base  cowardice. 

Effeminacy.     Womanish  delicacy  or  softness. 

Fear.     Feeling  aroused  by  the  expectation  of  danger.     See  San- 

GUINENESS-TlMIDITY. 

Funk.     Cowardly  fright. 
Poltroonery.     Mean-spirited  cowardliness. 
Pusillanimity.     Lack  of  firmness  of  heart. 

Timidity.     Disposition  of  being  afraid  of  offending  others,  or  experi 
encing  ill  from  them. 

Co  w  A  rd  i  c  e — Denotations. 

Alarmist.     A  person  who  is  always  on  the  lookout  for  danger. 

Coistrel.     A  coward. 

Coward.     A  person  who  lacks  courage. 

Dastard.     A  person  who  does  mean ,  cowardly  acts. 

Midget.     A  person  who  does  small,  low  deeds. 

Milksop.     An  effeminate  person. 

Pessimist.     A  person  who  sees  danger  and  evil  in  all  change. 

Poltroon.     A  base,  cowardly  person. 

Recreant.     One  who  has  failed  or  proved  false  to  a  trust. 

Runagate.     See  Quest-Evasion. 

Sneak.     A  person  who  does  stealthy,  mean  deeds. 

Terrorist.     A  person  who  finds  cause  of  alarm  in  small  deeds. 

Cowardice — Figurative  Terms. 
Bob  Acres.     Boasting  coward.     [Sheridan's  Rivals.] 
Dunghill-cock.     Cock  of  ordinary  breed. 
Jerry  Sneak.     The  type  of  a  foolish,  but  good-hearted,  hen-pecked 

husband.     [Foote's  Mayor  of  Garratt.] 
One  that  cannot  say  "  Bo*'  to  a  goose.     A  very  timid  person. 
Shycock.     An  easily  frightened  person. 
White-liver.     A  coward. 

Cowardice  —  Verbs. 

Be  a  coward,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Be  cowardly,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Cower.     To  bend  in  fear  or  shame. 

Flinch.     To  shrink  from  danger. 

Funk.     Flinch. 

Quail,  etc .     To  tremble  from  fear  in  the  presence  of  danger,  etc.    Se» 

Sanguineness-Timidity. 
Run  away,  etc.     See  Quest-Evasion. 
Show  the  white  feather.     Act  like  a  coward. 
Shy.     To  act  timidly. 
Skulk.     To  hide  or  move  about  so  as  not  to  be  seen. 


BRAVERY. 


120 


BRAVERY. 


BRAVERY— COWARDICE— Continued. 


BRAVERY— Agents— Continued. 

Fire-eater.     See  Recklessness. 

Game-cock.     Sec  Fighting-cock. 

Hector.     The  Trojan  hero  of  the  Trojan  war. 

Lion.     The  king  of  beasts;  hence,  a  brave  man. 

Man.     A  strong,  courageous  person. 

Man  of  mettle.     A  brave,  determined  person. ' 

Panther.     A  fierce  wild  animal ;  hence,  a  persistent  fighter. 

Tiger.     A  wild  animal ;  hence ,  a  fierce  person . 

Bravery — Associated  Words. 
Achievement.     A  deed  accomplished  by  great  bravery. 
Bold  stroke.     A  deed  requiring  courage. 
Exploit.     A  remarkable  achievement. 
Feat.     A  notable  deed. 

Heroic  deed. )  *»  act  worthy  of  a  hero* 

Bravery — Verbs. 

Beard.     To  oppose  openly. 
Be  courageous.     To  be  brave.     See  Adjectives. 
Brave.     To  resist  with  bravery. 
Cheer.     To  urge  on. 

Dare.     To  call  directly  or  indirectly  to  combat. 

Defy.      To  hold  of  little  worth  that  which  opposes.      See  Defi- 
ance. 
Embolden.     To  make  bold. 
Encourage.     To  give  courage;  to  hearten. 
Face.     To  resist  boldly. 
Fire.     To  arouse  spirit. 
Inspirit.     To  infuse  spirit  in. 
Make  bold.     To  put  on  a  show  of  bravery. 
Meet.     To  combat  with. 

Nerve.     To  summon  all  one's  self-control  and  courage  together. 
Rally.     To  restore  animation  in. 
Reassure.     To  restore  courage  to. 
Stand.     To  resist  without  yielding. 
Venture.     To  dare  in  a  hazardous  manner. 

Bravery — Verbal  Expressions. 

Affront  danger,  confront  danger;  beard  the  lion  in  his  den,  to  venture 
or  provoke  an  open  combat  against  great  odds;  bear  up,  to  stand; 
bear  up  against;  be  courageous  (see  Adjectives);  bell  the  cat, 
to  discuss  a  venture  which  none  are  brave  enough  to  undertake; 
brave  danger;  come  to  the  scratch,  to  show  the  required  or  ex- 
pected amount  of  bravery;  come  up  to  the  scratch;  confront  dan- 
ger; defy  danger;  despise  danger;  face  danger;  front  danger;  give 
courage;  go  through  fire  and  water,  to  brave  any  danger;  hold  out, 
etc.  (see  Persistence);  hold  up  one's  head,  to  be  fearless;  infuse 
courage;  inspire  courage;  keep  in  countenance,  to  appear  undis- 
turbed; look  boldly  in  the  face;  look  danger  in  the  face;  look  full 
in  the  face;  look  in  the  face;  make  a  man  of,  to  develop  manly 
qualities  in;  make  bold,  to  venture;  march  up  to  the  cannon's 
mouth,  to  walk  into  danger  unflinchingly;  meet  in  front;  mock 
danger;  muster  courage;  nerve  oneself;  pat  on  the  back,  to  en- 
courage, or  to  praise;  pluck  up  courage;  pluck  up  heart  of  grace, 
to  revive  one's  spirits;  present  a  bold  front,  put  a  bold  face  upon, 
to  act  in  a  bold  and  fearless  manner;  put  upon  one's  mettle,  to  call 
forth  one's  utmost  endurance;  raise  a  rallying  cry;  run  the  gaunt- 
let, pass  through  dangerous  experiences;  screw  up  one's  courage 
to  the  sticking  place;  show  a  bold  front;  show  fight;  stand  against; 
stand  fire,  sustain  an  attack;  stand  to  one's  guns,  be  firm; 
summon  up  courage;  take  courage;  take  heart,  take  heart  of  grace, 
to  revive  one's  courage;  take  the  bull  by  the  horns,  to  meet  a  dan- 
ger boldly. 

Bravery — Adjectives* 

Adventurous.     Inclined  to  hazard  life  in  adventures. 

Audacious.     Impudently  bold  or  daring. 

Aweless.     Not  affected  by  awe. 

Bold.     Ready  to  meet  danger. 

Brave.     Not  losing  heart  in  the  face  of  living  or  actfve  opponents. 

Chivalrous.     Acting  like  a  knight. 

Confident.     Trusting  in  oneself  or  others. 

Courageous.     Calmiy  and  persistently  brave  in  moral  and  physical 

dangers. 
Daring.     Anxious  for  adventures. 
Dashing.     Spirit** . 
Dauntless.     Not  easily  daunted . 

Determined,  etc.     Not  wavering  etc.     See  Determination 
Dogged.     Stubbornly  persistent. 


COWARDICE— Verbs— Continued. 
Slink.      To  steal  away  quietly. 

Sneak.     To  hide  or  steal  away  in  a  cowardly  manner. 
Turn  tail.     Flee. 

Cowardice — Adjectives. 

Base.     Dishonorable  in  dealing  with  others. 

Coward.     \  T      .  . 

Cowardly./  1-ackm&  in  courage  to  meet  danger. 

Craven.     Meanly  seeking  to  escape  danger  by  begging  off. 

Dastard.     )_,      ,  ,,      .... 

Dastardly.  J  *earfully  shrinking  from  danger. 

Dunghill.     Of  low  birth,  or  of  little  worth. 

Effeminate.     Weak -hearted. 

Fearful.     Constantly  looking  for  ill  to  befall  one. 

Frightened.      Paralyzed  with   sudden    fear.      See   Sanguineness 

Timidity. 
Milksop.     Effeminate. 
Recreant.     Unfaithful  to  a  pledge. 
Shy.     Distrustful. 
Skittish.     Easily  frightened. 

Sneaking.     Keeping  out  of  view  because  of  cowardice. 
Soft.     Not  determined ;  yielding  easily. 
Spiritless.     Lacking  spirit. 

Timid.     Fearing  to  offend  or  receive  offense  from  others. 
Timorous.     Lacking  in  moral  firmness. 
Unmanned.     Deprived  of  one's  nerve  or  courage. 
Unsoldier-like.     Cowardly. 

Cowardice — Adjective  Expressions. 

Chicken-hearted,  faint-hearted,  cowardly;  in  face  a  lion  but  in  heart 
a  deer,  apparently  bold,  but  really  cowardly;  infirm  of  purpose 
(see  Determination-Vacillation);  lily-livered;  milk-livered; 
pigeon-hearted;  smock-faced;  unable  to  say  "Bo"  to  a  goose;  weak- 
hearted;  weak-minded;  white-livered. 

Cowardice — Interjections. 

Devil  take  the  hindmost! 

Sauve  qui  peut  [F.].     Save  himself  who  can. 

Cowardice — Phrases. 

Ante   tubam  trepidat    [L.].     He  trembles  even  before  the  trumpet 

sounds. 
Audendo   magnus    tegiiur   timor  [L.].     Great  fear  is  covered  by  a 

show  of  daring. 
Canes    timidi    vekementius    latrant    quam    mordent    [L/J.       Cowardly 

dogs  bark  more  fiercely  than  they  bite. 
One's  courage  oozing  out.     Losing  one's  courage  slowly.     [Sheridan's 

Rivals.] 


BRAVERY — Adjectives — Continued,, 

Doughty.     Brave. 

Dreadless.     Not  affected  with  dread. 

Enterprising.     Acting  with  a  calculated  boldness. 

Fearless.     Not  affected  with  fear. 

Fierce.     Showing  a  cruel  disposition. 

Firm.     Fixed.     See  Mutability-Stability. 

Gallant.     Displaying  gallantry. 

Hardy.     Able  to  endure. 

Heroic.     Of  a  hero. 

Indomitable.     Unconquerable.     See  Persistence. 

Intrepid.     Calm  in  the  face  of  the  greatest  dangers. 

Lion-hearted.     Very  brave. 

Lion-like .     Bold  as  a  lion . 

Manful.     Displaying  valor  and  prowess. 

Manly.     Becoming  a  man. 

Mettlesome.     Courageous. 

Penthesilean.     Brave,  like  Penthesilea. 

Plucky.     Possessing  spirit. 

Pugnacious,  etc.     Inclined  to  fight,  etc.     See  sub  Stripe. 

Reassured .     Encouraged . 

Resolute.     Uninfluenced  by  the  consequences  of  his  own  actioe 

Savage.     Rejoicing  in  the  pain  of  others. 

Self-reliant.     Trusting  in  one's  own  abilities. 

Soldierly.     Acting  like  a  soldier      See  Fighting. 

Spirited.     Possessing  ardor. 

Spiritful.     Spirited. 

Stout.     Firm,  resolute. 


BRAVERY. 


121 


BREADTH— NARROWNESS. 


BRAVERY— Adjectives—  Continued. 


Unabashed.     Not  confused. 

Unalarmed.     Not  alarmed. 

Unappalled.     Not  appalled. 

Unapprehensive.     Not  expecting  something  fearful  or  evil. 

Unawed.     Not  affected  with  awe. 

Unblenched.     Not  having  shown  fear  by  paleness  of  the  face. 

Unblenching.     Not  betraying  fear  by  whiteness  of  the  face. 

Undaunted.     Fearless. 


Undismayed.     Not  frightened. 
Undreaded.     Fearless. 
Unfeared.     Not  frightened. 
Unshrinking.     Not  shrinking. 

,,  .        *     \  Unyielding  in  the  face  of  danger. 
Vaiorous.)  ° 

Venturesome.  1 


Venturous. 


Risky. 


Bravery — Adjective  Expressions. 


Bold  as  a  lion;  bold  as  brass;  bold-spirited;  heart  of  oak,  brave;  high- 
mettled;  high-spirited;  iron-hearted, unmoved  by  fear;  one's  blood 
being  up;  stout-hearted;  strong-minded;  upon  one's  mettle,  having 


all  one's  spirits  aroused ;  up  to,  required  of  some  one  to  show  ability, 
power,  etc.;  up  to  the  scratch,  ready  to  enter  a  contest. 


B  ra  VERY — Phrases. 


Audacter  et  sincere  [L.].     Bravely  and  sincerely. 
Courage  sans  peur  [F.].     Courage  without  fear. 
Fortes  fortuna  adjuvat  [L.].     Fortune  favors  the  brave. 
II  a  le  courage  de  ses  convictions  [F.j.      He  has  the  courage  of  his 
convictions. 


bravissimo  [It.]  (bra-vis'-si-mo).  Superlative  of  bravo, 
brave.     Approval-Disapproval. 

bravo  [It.]  (bra'-vo).  A  bandit;  well  done!  Appro- 
val-Disapproval, Life-Killing,  Recxxessness- 
Caution. 

bra-vu'-ra.     A  passage  that  requires  dash.     Music. 

brawl.  A  noisy  quarrel;  revel.  Cry-Ululation,  En- 
tertainment-Weariness, Variance-Accord. 

brawl'-er.  A  noisy  fellow.  Antagonist-Assistant, 
Brawler,  Insubordination-Obedience. 

BRAWLER. 

Blusterer.     One  who  blusters  or  is  characterized  by  noisy  violence. 

Braggart.     One  who  indulges  in  boasting.     See  Bragging. 

Brawler.     One  who  becomes  involved  in  noisy  quarrels. 

Bully.     A  threatening,  quarrelsome  fellow. 

Dare-devil.     A  very  reckless  person. 

Desperado.     A  man  of  a  reckless,  desperate  character. 

Doctrinaire.     A  propounder  of  dogmatic  theories. 

Dogmatist.      A  bold  propounder  of  principles. 

Drawcansir.     A  braggart.     [Buckingham's  Rehearsal.] 

Fanfaron  [F.].     A  blusterer;  a  bully. 

Fire-eater.     A  daring  fellow  always  ready  for  a  fight. 

Fury.     A  violent  woman.     See  Turbulence. 

Hackster.     A  bravo. 

Jackanapes.     A  conceited  fellow. 

Jack-in-office.     An  insulting  fellow  in  office. 

Malapert.     A  bold,  saucy  person;  pert. 

Minx.     A  bold  or  lewd  girl. 

Mohawk.  One  of  a  group  of  ruffians  who  formerly  infested  the 
streets  of  London  like  Indians.     [The  Spectator,  171a.] 

Prig.      A  conceited  fellow. 

Puppy,  etc.  A  contemptible,  impertinent  fellow,  etc.  See  Society- 
Dandy. 

Rodomonte.     A  braggart.     [Orlando  Furioso,  by  Ariosto  ] 

Roisterer.     A  turbulent  fellow. 

Rough.     "A  coarse  fellow;  a  bully. 

Rowdy.     A  ruffian. 

Saucebox.     An  insolent  person. 

Swaggerer.     One  who  brags  noisily;  a  blusterer. 

Swashbuckler.     A  blusterer  or  boastful  fellow. 

Terrorist.  An  advocate  of  terrorism ;  an  agent  of  the  revolutionary 
tribunal  during  the  French  Revolution. 

Vaporer.     A  braggart 

Brawler — Denotations. 

Bantam-cock.     A  small  fighting  cock;  hence,  a  fighting  person. 
Bombastes  Furioso.     The  hero   of  W.  B.  Rhodes'  farce  Bombastes 
Furioso;  a  burlesque  of  Orlando  Furioso. 


Omne  solum  forti  patria  [L.].     Every  soil  is  fatherland  to  the  brave 

man. 
One's  blood  being  up.     Roused. 

Virtus  ariete  fortwr  [L.].     Valor  is  stronger  than  the  battering-ram. 
Virtus  millia  scuta  [L.].     Valor  is  a  thousand  shields. 
Virtus  vincit  invidiam  [L.].     Virtue  prevails  over  envy. 

Captain  Bobadil.     A  character  in  Ben  Jonson's  Every  Man  in  His 

Humor. 
Chrononhotonthologos.      The  hero  of  a  tragedy  of  the  same  name 

produced  by  Henry  Carey,  burlesque  of  Fielding's  Tom  Thumb. 
Hector.     The  bravest  of  the  Trojan  warriors  in  Homer's  Iliad. 
Parolles.     A  boastful  coward  in  Shakespeare's  All's  Well  that  End* 

Well. 
Sir  Lucius  OTrigger.     A  fortune-hunting  Irishman  in  Sheridan's 

comedy  The  Rivals. 
Sir  Oracle.     A  title  used  by  Gratiano  in  Shakespeare's  Merchant  0} 

Venice  to  ridicule  those  who  affect  wisdom. 
Thraso.     A  braggart  soldier  in  Terence's  Eunuch. 

B  r  a  w  l  e  r — Phrase. 

Canes  timidi  vehementius  latrant  quam  mordent  [L.].  Cowardly 
dogs  bark  more  fiercely  than  they  bite.     [Q.  Curtius  Rufus.] 

brawn'-y.  Strong,  muscular.  Greatness-Littleness, 
Strength-Weakness. 

bray.     Grind;  cry.     Cry-Ululation,  Friability. 

Bray.  A  parish  in  Berkshire,  England.  Vicar  of 
Bray,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Presumption-Obsequi- 
ousness. 

bra'-zen.     Bold.     Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

breach.  A  break;  quarrel.  Dueness-Undueness,  In- 
terspace-Contact, Union-Disunion,  Variance- 
Accord;  breach  of  faith,  Uprightness-Dishonesty; 
breach  of  law,  Conventionality-Unconventional- 
ity,  Law-Lawlessness;  breach  of  the  peace,  Vari- 
ance-Accord; custom  honored  in  the  breach  [Shake- 
speare, Hamlet,  I,  iv],    Habit-Desuetude. 

breach'-load-er.     A  gun.     Weapon. 

bread.  Food  made  of  flour  or  meal.  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion; beg  bread,  Petition-Expostulation,  Un- 
selfishness-Selfishness; bread  of  idleness,  Activ- 
ity-Indolence; bread  of  life,  Divinity,  Godliness- 
Ungodliness;  bread  upon  the  waters,  Provision- 
Waste;  quarrel  with  bread  and  butter,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness. 

bread'-bas"-ket .  A  tray  for  carrying  bread.  Con- 
tents-Receiver. 

bread'-fruit".  The  fruit  of  an  African  tree.  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion. 

bread'-stuff".  Material  for  bread.  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion. 

bread'-win"-ner.     Producer.     Labor-Capital. 

breadth.  Broadness.  Breadth-Narrowness,  Light- 
Darkness. 


BREADTH— NARROWNESS. 


Amplitude.     Greatness  of  extent  or  surface. 

Bore.     The  size  of  a  hole  or  the  interior  diameter  of  a  gun-barrel 

or  rifle-barrel. 
Breadth.     The  distance  from  one  side  of  a  thing  to  the  other;  width. 


Angustation.     The  act  of  narrowing. 
Closeness.     The  state  of  being  close  or  narrow. 
Coarctation.     Restriction  to  a  narrow  space. 
Constriction.     The  act  of  contracting. 


BREADTH. 


122 


BREAK. 


BREADTH— NARROWNESS— Continued. 


Caliber.     Diameter  of  a  cylindrical  body,  as  of  a  gun-barrel. 

Corpulence.     Excessive  fleshiness.     See  Greatness. 

Crassitude.     Thickness^. 

Diameter.  The  length  of  a  straight  line  through  the  center  of  a 
plane  figure  or  solid,  terminated  at  the  boundary  thereof. 

Dilation.  The  state  of  being  expanded  or  enlarged.  See  En- 
largement. 

Latitude.  Distance  from  side  to  side;  specifically,  distance  north  or 
south  from  the  equator. 

Radius.     A  semidiameter. 

Superficial  extent.     The  measure  of  surface. 

Thickness.     The  quality  of  being  thick. 

Width.     Distance  from  side  to  side ;  the  state  of  being  wide. 

Breadth — Verbs. 

Be  broad,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Became  broad,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Expand.     To  widen  out;  to  enlarge.     See  Enlargement. 

Render  broad,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Thicken.     To  render  thick. 

Widen.     To  make  wide;  to  increase  in  breadth. 

Breadth — Adjectives. 

Ample.     Large ;  making  a  full  supply  for  every  want. 

Broad.     Extended  from  side  to  side ;  wide. 

Discous.     Like  a  disk  or  flat  circular  plate. 

Dumpy.     Short  and  thick. 

Extended.     Stretched  out  in  length  and  breadth. 

Fanlike.     Shaped  like  a  fan. 

Outspread.     Expanded. 

Outstretched.     Spread  out ;  extended  outside  of  or  beyond. 

Squab.     Fat;  bulky. 

Squat.     Short  and  thick,  like  an  animal  sitting  on  its  hams  or  heels. 

Thick.  Having  a  great  extent  or  depth  from  one  surface  to  its  oppo- 
site. 

Thick  as  a  rope.     Not  very  thick;  comparatively  thin. 

Thickset.     Having  a  short,  stout  body. 

Wide.  Having  great  extent  between  the  sides",  greatly  extended 
every  way. 

Wide  as  a  church  door.     [Romeo  and  Juliet,  III,  f] 


NARROWNESS — Adjectives — Continued  jrom  Column  2. 

Lean  as  a  rake.     [Chaucer,  Prolog.  Canterbury  Tales.ft 

Macilent.     Lean;  emaciated. 

Marcid.     Lean;  thin. 

Meager.     Deficient  in  flesh ;  thin. 

Narrow.     Of  little  distance  from  side  to  side. 

Rawboned.     With  but  little  flesh  on  the  bones. 

Scant.     Meager;  less  than  is  needed  for  the  purpose 

Scanty.     Lacking  in  extent;  narrow;  small. 

Shriveled.     Drawn  into  wrinkles;  shrunken. 

Skinny.     Wanting  in  flesh. 

Slender.     Narrow  in  proportion  to  the  length  or  height. 

Slender  as  a  thread.     Very  slender. 

Slight-made.     Slim  or  slender. 

Slim.     Thin  in  proportion  to  the  length  or  height. 

Spare.     Lean;  lacking  flesh. 

Starved.     Reduced  in  flesh  by  hunger. 

Starveling.     Lean ;  emaciated  with  want. 

Tabid.     Affected  by  a  progressive  wasting  away  of  the  body. 

Taper.     Gradually  narrowed  toward  the  end. 

Thin.     Of  little  thickness  or  distance  from  one  surface  to  its  opposite. 

Thin  as  a  lath.  \ 

Thin  as  a  wafer.  ^Extremely  thin. 

Thin  as  a  whipping-post,  j^ 

Threadlike,  etc.     Thin  like  a  thread,  etc.     See  Lamina-Fiber. 

TJnexpanded.      Not  spread  out  or  diffused. 

Weedy.     Like  a  weed,  espial1  v  of  a  rank  but  weakly  growth. 

Worn  to  a  shadow.     Thin. 

break.  To  rend;  drawn;  become  bankrupt;  to  fall  out. 
Commission-Abrogation,  Continuity-Interrup- 
tion, Conveyance-Vessel,  Duty-Dereliction, 
Education-Misteaching,  Entirety-Deficiency, 
Exposure  -  Hidingplace,  Interspace  -  Contact, 
Mutation-Permanence,  Observance-Nonobserv- 
ance,  Settlement-Default,  Toughness-Brittle- 
ness,  Union-Disunion,  Whole-Part;  apply  the 
break,  Swiftness-Slowness;  break  a  habit,  Habit- 


Contraction.      The    state    of    being    drawn    together    or  lessened 

See  Enlargement-Diminution. 
Emaciation.     The  state  of  being  greatly  reduced  in  flesh. 
Exiguity.     Thinness.     See  Greatness-Littleness. 
Exility.     Smallness;  slenderness. 
Macilency.     Leanness. 

Marcor.     A  withering  or  wasting  away  of  flesh ;  emaciation. 
Mere  skin  and  bones.     State  of  being  extremely  thin  or  wasted  away. 
Narrowing.     The  act  of  making  or  becoming  less  wide  or  extended. 
Narrowness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Stricture.     Contraction  of  a  duct  or  channel. 

Tapering.     The  state  of  becoming  gradually  small  toward  one  end. 
Tenuity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  thin. 
Thinness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Narrowness — De         ions. 

Anatomy.     A  skeleton. 

Finger's  breadth.     The  width  of  a  finger. 

Ghant  [Hind.].     A  mountain  pass. 

Hair's  breadth.     The  thickness  of  a  hair. 

Hour-glass.     An  instrument  for  measuring  the  interval  of  an  hour. 

Isthmus.     A  narrow  neck  of  land  connecting  two  larger  divisions  of. 

land. 
Lantern-jaws.     Long  thin  jaws;  hence,  a  thin  visage. 
Line.     That  which  has  length,  but  not  breadth  or  thickness. 
Middle.     The  waist. 
Neck.     A  narrow  portion  of  land. 
Pass.     A  narrow  valley. 
Ravine.     A  narrow  pass.     See  Interspace. 
Ridge.     A  raised  line  or  strip  of  ground. 
Shadow.     A  reflected  image. 

Shaving.     A  thin  slice  or  strip  shaved  off  with  a  plane. 
Skeleton.     The  framework  of  the  body. 
Slip.     A  slender  piece.     See  Lamina-Fiber. 
Spindleshanks.     A  person  with  slim  legs. 
Streak.     A  line  or  long  mark. 
Strip.     A  narrow,  long  piece. 

Thread-paper.     Thin  paper  used  in  wrapping  up  thread. 
Vein.     A  narrow  mass  of  rock  or  mineral. 
Waist.     A  girdle  or  belt  for  the  waist. 
Wasp.     An  insect  having  a  long,  slender  body. 

Narrowness — Verbs. 

Be  narrow,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Contract,  etc.     To  draw  together  or  lessen  in  extent.     See  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution. 
Narrow.     To  make  less  wide  or  to  restrict. 
Render  narrow,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Taper.     To  become  smaller  toward  one  end. 

Narrowness — Adjectives. 
Attenuated.     Made  thin  or  rare. 

Barebone.     So  thin  or  lean  that  the  bones  show  their  forms. 
C  lose .     Narrow ;  closely  confined . 
Contracted,  etc.     Drawn  together  or  lessened,  etc.     See  Enlarge* 

ment-Diminution. 
Delicate.     Slight  or  slender. 
Emaciated.     Wasted  away  in  flesh. 
Extenuated.     Drawn  out  or  made  thin. 
Fine.     Notcoarse;  thin.     ' 
Finespun.     Drawn  out  to  a  fine  thread. 
Gaunt.     Lean;  wasting. 
Hatchet-faced.     Having  a  sharp  visage. 
Herring-gutted.     Thin  in  the  waist. 
Incapacious.     Narrow;  small. 
Lank.     Slender;  poorly  filled  out. 
Lanky.     Somewhat  lank  or  thin. 
Lantern- jawed.     Thin-jawed  or  thin-visaged. 
Lean.     Lacking  flesh ;  thin. 

{Continued  on  Column  1.) 

Desuetude  ;  break  a  lance,  Attack-Defense,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation; break  a  law,  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality;  break  away,  Quest-Evasion; 
break  bread,  Nutriment-Excretion;  break  bulk, 
Admission-Expulsion;  break  down,  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Creation-Destruction,  Success- 
Failure,  Transcursion-Shortcoming;  break  forth, 
Entrance-Exit;  break  ground,  Beginning-End; 
break  in,  Domestication-Agriculture,  Education- 


BREAK. 


123 


BRIDESMAID. 


M.ISTEACHING,      ENTRANCE-EXIT,      LlBERTY-SuBJEC- 

tion;  break  in  upon,  Continuity-Interruption, 
Entrance-Exit,  Obstruction-Help,  Opportune- 
ness-Unsuitableness,  Organization-Disorgani- 
zation; break  loose,  Escape,  Release-Restraint; 
break  no  bones,  Goodness-Badness;  break  of,  Reno- 
vation-Relapse; break  of  day,  Dimness,  Morning- 
Evening;  break  off,  Commission-Abrogation,  Dis- 
continuance-Permanence, Quest-Abandonment  ; 
break  the  circuit,  Electricity;  break  one's  neck, 
Life -Death,  Might- Impotence;  break  on  the 
wheel,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Punition- 
Penalty,  Recompense,  Sensuality -Suffering; 
break  out,  Beginning-End,  Excitability-Inex- 
citability,  Health-Sickness,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness; break  Priscian's  head,  Grammar-Solecism; 
break  prison,  Release-Restraint;  break  short, 
Toughness-Brittleness;  break  silence,  Speech- 
Inarticulateness;  break  the  heart,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness, 
Pleasure -Pain,  break  the  ice,  Amity -Hostility; 
break  the  neck  of,  Enterprise,  Success-Failure; 
break  the  peace,  Strife-Peace,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness; break  the  ranks,  Organization-Disorganiza- 
tion; break  the  teeth,  Purity-Crudeness;  break  the 
thread,  Continuity-Interruption;  break  through 
the  clouds,  Exposure-Hidingplace,  Visibility-In- 
visibility; break  through  a  custom,  Habit-Desue- 
tude; break  up,  Beginning-End,  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Composition-Resolution,  Creation- 
Destruction,  Revolution,  Union-Disunion; 
break  up  of  the  system,  Health-Sickness,  Life- 
Death,  Security-Insecurity;  break  with,  Vari- 
ance-Accord; break  with  the  past,  Revolution; 
break  word,  Truthfulness-Fraud,  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

break'-er.  A  trainer;  wave.  River-Wind,  Swamp- 
Island,  Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

break'-ers.  Huge  waves.  Refuge-Pitfall,  River- 
Wind;  breakers  ahead,  Security-Insecurity;  sur- 
rounded by  breakers,  Difficulty-Facility. 

break'-fast.  The  morning  meal.  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion. 

break'-neck".  A  steep  place;  rash.  Parallelism- 
Inclination,  Recklessness-Caution. 

break'- wa"-ter.  A  wall  to  break  the  force  of  waves. 
Obstruction-Help,  Refuge-Pitfall. 

breast.  The  chest;  to  meet.  Affections,  Antagonism- 
Concurrence,  Convexity-Concavity,  Mind-Imbe- 
cility, Outside-Inside;  at  the  breast,  Infant- 
Veteran;  breast  high,  Height-Lowness;  breast  the 
current,  Reprisal-Resistance;  in  the  breast  of, 
Purpose-Luck. 

breast'-plate".  Armor  for  the  breast.  Attack-De- 
fense. 

breast'- work" .  A  low  parapet  for  defense.  Attack- 
Defense. 

breath.  Air  inhaled  or  exhaled;  life;  breeze.  Ani- 
mality-Vegetability,  Eternity-Instantaneity, 
Life-Death,  Loudness-Faintness,  River-Wind; 
breath  of  new-mcwn  hay,  City-Country  ;  hold  breath, 
Astonishment  -  Expectance,  Expectation  -  Sur- 
prise, Movement-Rest;  in  the  same  breath,  Coex- 
istence, Eternity-Instantaneity;  not  a  breath  of 
air,  Heat-Cold,  Movement-Rest;  out  of  breath, 
Weariness-Refreshment;  shortness  of  breath, 
Weariness-Refreshment;  take  away  one's  breath, 
Astonishment-Expectance,  Expectation-Sur- 
prise, Sanguineness-Timidity;  take  breath,  Move- 
ment-Rest, Weariness-Refreshment;  with  bated 
breath,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

breathe.  To  respire;  to  utter  softly.  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Anatomy,  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Entity-Nonentity,    Evidence-Counterevidence, 


Exposure-Hidingplace,  Meaning-Jargon,  Lifb- 
Death,  Loudness-Faintness,  River -Wind, 
Speech-Inarticulateness,  Vocalization-Mute- 
ness, Weariness-Refreshment;  breathe  freely,  Al- 
leviation-Aggravation, Pleasure-Pain;  breathe 
one's  last,  Life-Death;  not  breathe  a  word,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy. 

breath'-ing.  Respiring.  Life-Death;  breathing  time, 
Fighting-Conciliation,  Toil-Relaxation. 

breath'-less.  Out  of  breath;  exhausted.  Astonish- 
ment-Expectance, Desire-Distaste,  Emotion, 
Heed-Disregard,  Hurry-Leisure,  Sanguineness- 
Timidity,  Vocalization-Muteness,  Weariness- 
Refreshment;  breathless  attention,  Inquisitive- 
ness-Indifference;  breathless  expectation,  Expec- 
tation-Surprise; breathless  impatience,  Desire- 
Distaste;  breathless  speed,  Hurry-Leisure. 

breech.  The  hinder  part  of  anything.  Anteriority- 
Posteriority. 

breech'-es.  A  man's  garment.  Breeches  maker,  Dress- 
Undress;  breeches  pocket,  Contents-Receiver, 
Money;  wear  the  breeches,  Rule-License. 

breed.  To  hatch;  instruct.  Creation-Destruction, 
Division,  Domestication-Agriculture,  Educa- 
tion-Miste aching,  Parentage-Progeny. 

breed'-ing.  Training.  Domestication-Agriculture, 
Politeness- Impoliteness,      Society -Ludicrous- 

NESS. 

breeze.  A  slight  wind.  River-Wind,  Variance- 
Accord. 

breez'-y.     Airy.     River-Wind. 

breth'-ren.  Formal  plural  of  brother.  Ministry-Laity. 

breve.     A  note  in  music.     Melody-Dissonance. 

bre-vet'.  A  commission  giving  an  officer  rank  above 
his  pay.  Commission-Abrogation,  Leave-Prohibi- 
tion, Order;  brevet  rank,  Reputation-Discredit. 

brevet  d' invention  [F.]  (bre-ve'  dan'-vcuv-si-on').  A 
patent.     Leave-Prchibition. 

bre'-vi-a-ry.  The  prayer-book  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church.     Ceremonial. 

bre-vier'.   A  small  printing  letter.   Writing-Printing. 

brev'-i-ty.  Shortness.  Length-Shortness,  Terse- 
ness-Prolixity. 

brew.  Mingle;  to  make  beer.  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

brew'-ing.  A  preparing  of  liquor;  impending.  Oc- 
currence -  Destiny,  Preparation  -  Nonprepara- 
tion;  storm  brewing,  Security-Insecurity. 

bri'-ar.  A  prickly  plant.  Remedy-Bane,  Sharpness- 
Bluntness. 

Bri-a'-re-an.     Many-handed.     Multiplicity-Paucity. 

bri'-ar-y.     Full  of  briars.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

bribe.  To  corrupt  by  gifts.  Giving-Receiving, 
Motive-Caprice,  Outlay-Income,  Proffer-Re- 
fusal, Recompense-Punition,  Uniformity-Multi- 
formity. 

bri'-ber-y.  The  act  of  giving  bribes.  Buying- 
Sale. 

brick.    A  block  of  burned  clay.     Good  Man-Bad  Man, 

HARDNESS-StlFTNESS,  HeATING-CoOLING,  MATERI- 
ALS, Uprightness-Dishonesty;  brick  color,  Red- 
ness-Greenness ;  make  bricks  without  straw,  Possi- 
bility-Impossibility. 

brick'-bat".  A  fragment  of  a  brick.  Push-Pull, 
Weapon. 

brick'-lay"-er.     One  who  lays  bricks.     Agent. 

bri'-dal.     Nuptial.     Matrimony-Celibacy. 

bride.  A  newly  married  woman.  Matrimony-Celi- 
bacy. 

bride'-groom".  A  newly  married  man.  Matrimony- 
Celibacy. 

brides'-maid".  A  young  unmarried  woman  who 
attends  a  bride  at  her  wedding.  Matrimony- 
Celibacy. 


BRIDESMAN. 


124 


BROADSHEET. 


brides'-man".  A  male  friend  who  attends  upon  a 
bridegroom  and  bride  at  their  wedding.  Matrimony- 
Celibacy. 

Bride'-well.     A  lockup.     Release-Prison. 

bridge.  A  structure  carrying  a  road  over  some  im- 
passable place.  Connective,  Way;  bridge  over, 
Composition-Resolution,  Difficulty-Facility, 
Fighting-Conciliation,  Union-Disunion. 

bri'-dle.  A  part  of  a  hors  's  harness.  Pride-Humble- 
ness, Release-Restraint,  Sensuality-Suffering; 
bridle  one's  tongue,  Recklessness-Caution,  Talk- 
ativeness-Taciturnity; bridle-road,  Way;  bridle 
up,  Favorite-Anger. 

brief.  Short.  Account,  Digest,  Lastingness-Tran- 
sientness,  Length-Shortness,  Terseness-Pro- 
lixity. 

brief'-ly.  Shortly;  in  a  few  words.  Earliness-L/te- 
ness,  Lastingness-Transientness,  Terseness- 
Prolixity. 

brig.     A  vessel  of  two  masts.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

bri-gade'.    A  division  of  troops.     Belligerent. 

bri-gade'-ma"-jor.  An  officer  appointed  by  the  briga- 
dier-general to  assist  him  in  his  duties.  Chief- 
TJnderling. 

brig"-a-dier' .  The  commanding  officer  of  a  brigade. 
Chief-Underling. 

brig'-and.     A  lawless  fellow.     Robber. 

brig'-and-age.     Robbery.     Theft. 

brig'-an-tine.  A  two-masted  vessel.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

bright.  Clear;  witty;  intelligent;  promising.  Color- 
Achromatism,  Light-Darkness,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection,  Reputation-Discredit,  S  ^gacity- 
Incapacity,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  bright 
days,  Welfare-Misfortune;  bright-eyed,  Beauty- 
Ugliness;  bright  prospect,  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness, Timidity;  bright  side,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness;  bright  thought,  Design,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity,  Wittiness-Dulness;  look  at  the  bright 
side,  Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Sanguineness- 
Hopelessness. 

bright'-en.  To  make  bright.  Brighten  up,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Light-Darkness,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection. 

bright'-ness.     Clearness;  brilliancy.    Light-Darkness. 

brigue.     To  contend.     Association,  Strife-Peace. 

brillcr  par  son  absence  [F.]  (bri-ye'  par  son-  ab-sans'). 
To  be  conspicuous  by  one's  absence.  Presence- 
Absence. 

bril'-lian-cy.  Great  brightness.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Light-Darkness. 

bril'-liant.  Shining;  a  gem;  good.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Reputation-Discredit;  brilliant  idea,  Witti- 
ness-Dulness. 

brim.  Rim ;  to  be  full  of .  Border;  brim  over,  Excess- 
Lack. 

brim'-ful".     Full  to  the  top.     Entirety-Deficiency. 

brim'-mer.  A  brimming  glass,  as  of  wine.  Entirety- 
Deficiency. 

brim'-ming.    Full  to  the  brim.    Entirety-Deficiency. 

brim'-stone.    Sulphur.    Combustible. 

brin'-ded.     Brindle.     Variegation. 

brin'-dled.     Spotted.     Variegation. 

brine.  The  ocean;  salt-water.  Ocean-Land,  Pun- 
gency. 

bring.  To  convey  to;  persuade;  to  produce  an  increase. 
Bring  about,  Cause-Effect,  Completion-Noncom- 
pletion;  bring  back,  Taking-Restitution;  bring 
back  to  the  memory,  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness;  bring  forth,  Creation-Destruction,  Mani- 
festation-Latency; bring  forward,  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Education-Misteaching,  Evi- 
dence -  Counterevidence,        Manifestation  -  La  - 


tency;  bring  gray  hair  to  the  grave,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Welfare-Misfortune;  bring 
grist  to  the  mill,  Gain-Loss,  Usefulness-Usei.kss- 
ness;  bring  home,  Gain-Loss;  bring  home  to,  Evi-- 
dence-Counterevidence,  Faith-Misgiving,  Justi- 
fication-Charge, Rationale-Luck;  bring  in,  Ad- 
mission-Expulsion, Outlay-Income,  Price-Dis- 
count; bring  in  a  verdict,  Decision-Misjudgment; 
bring  in  its  train,  Solitude-Company;  bring  in  ques- 
tion, Faith-Misgiving,  Investigation-Answer; 
bring  into  being,  Creation-Destruction;  bring  into 
play,  Use-Disuse;  bring  low,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit; bring  off,  Rescue;  bring  out,  Discovery, 
Manifestation-Latency,  Writing-Printing;  bring 
over,  Faith-Misgiving;  bring  round,  Faith-Mis- 
giving, Motive-Caprice,  Renovation-Relapse; 
bring  to,  Buying-Sale,  Conversion-Reversion, 
Movement-Rest;  bring  to  a  crisis,  Persistence- 
Whim;  bring  to  bear  upon,  Agency,  Connection- 
Independence,  Use-Disuse;  bring  to  life,  Life- 
Death;  bring  to  light,  Discovery,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace,  Manifestation-Latency;  bring  to 
maturity,  Completion-Noncompletion,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation;  bring  to  mind,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness;  bring  to  perfection,  Enter- 
prise; bring  to  a  point,  Gatheringplace;  bring  to 
terms,  Fighting-Conciliation;  bring  to  trial,  Liti- 
gation; bring  together,  Gathering-Scattering; 
bring  under  one's  notice,  Heed-Disregard;  bring 
up,  Admission-Expulsion,  Creation-Destruction, 
Education-Misteaching;  bring  up  the  rear,  An- 
teriority-Posteriority; bring  word,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy. ' 

brink.  Edge.  Brink  of  the  grave,  Life-Death;  on  the 
brink,  Future-Past,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Re- 
moteness-Nearness. 

bri'-ny.     Full  of  salt.     Pungency. 

brisk.  Active;  gay.  Activity-Indolence,  Lasting- 
ness-Transientness, Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion, Vigor-Inertia. 

bris'-tle.  A  short,  stiff  hair.  Bristle  up,  Convexity- 
Concavity,  Favorite-Anger,  Sharpness-Blunt- 
ness;  bristle  with,  Enough,  Excess-Lack;  bristle 
with  arms,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

bris'-tling.  Becoming  like  bristles.  Sharpness-Blunt- 
ness. 

Brit'-ish.  Pertaining  to  Great  Britain  and  its  people. 
Dweller-Habitation;  British  lion,  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation, Patriotism-Treason. 

Brit'-on.  British.  True  Briton,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

brit'-tle.     Fragile.     Toughness-Brittleness. 

brit'-tle-ness.      Friability.      Toughness-Brittleness. 

britz'-ska.     A  long  carriage.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

broach.  To  utter;  pierce;  a  tapering  tool.  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Assertion-Denial,  Beginning-End, 
Cause-Effect,  Publicity. 

broad.  Wide;  ample;  gross.  Assjjrtion-Denial, 
Breadth-Narrowness,  Gulf-Plain,  Purity-Im- 
purity, Universality  -  Particularity;  broad  ac- 
cent, Vocalization-Muteness;  broad  awake,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Carefulness -Carelessness; 
broad  daylight,  Light-Darkness,  Manifestation- 
Latency;  broad  farce,  Wittiness-Dulness;  broad 
grin,  Jubilation-Lamentation;  broad  highway, 
Way;  broad  hint,  Enlightenment-Secrecy;  broad 
meaning,  Meaning-Jargon. 

broad'-cast.  Widely  spread.  Gathering-Scattering; 
sow  broadcast,  Extravagance-Avarice. 

Broad  Church.  The  liberal  wing  of  any  Church.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

broad'-heart"-ed.  Generous.  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence. 

broad'-sheet".      A  newspaper.      Missive-Publication 


BROAD-SHOULDERED. 


125 


BRYANITE. 


broad'-shoul"-dered.  Wide  across  the  shoulders. 
Strength- Weakness. 

broad'-side.  A  discharge  of  all  the  guns  on  one  side  of  a 
ship;  a  paper  printed  on  only  one  side.  Attack- 
Defense,  Laterality-Contraposition,  Publicity. 

broad'-sword" .  A  sword  with  a  broad  blade  and  a  cut- 
ting edge.     Weapon. 

Brob"-ding-nag'-i-an.     [Swift,  Gulliver's  Travels.'] 
Gigantic.     Greatness-Littleness. 

bro-cade'.     A  fabric  woven  with  raised  figures.     Em- 

BELLISHMENT-D  SFIGUREMENT. 

brocatelle  [F.]  (broc-a-tel') .  A  yellow  variegated 
marble.     Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

bro-chure'.    A  short  pamphlet.    Missive-Publication. 

Brock'-en.  A  mountain  in  Germany.  Specter  of  the 
Brocken,  Sight-Dimsightedness. 

broder[F.]  (bro-de').    To  embellish.    Gull-Hyperbole. 

brogue.  A  boot;  a  dialect.  Dress-Undress,  Word- 
Neology,  Speech-Inarticulateness. 

broi'-der-y.  Embroidery.  ■  Embellishment-Disfig- 
urement. 

broil.  A  noisy  quarrel;  to  cook  over  the  coals.  Heat- 
Cold,  Heating-Cooling,  Strife-Peace,  Variance- 
Accord. 

bro'-ken.  Torn  apart;  humbled;  ruined;  rough. 
Continuity-Interruption,  Strength-Weakness; 
broken  down,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection,  Success-Failure;  broken 
English,  Word-Neology;  broken  fortune,  Afflu- 
ence-Penury, Welfare-Misfortune;  broken  heart, 
Lightheartedness  -  Dejection,  Pleasure  -  Pain, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  broken  meat,  Use- 
fulness- Uselessness;  broken  reed,  Security-In- 
security; broken  voice,  Speech-Inarticulateness, 
Vocalization-Muteness;  broken  winded,  Health- 
Sickness,  Weariness. 

bro'-ker.     An  agent.     Consignee,  Dealer. 

bro'-ker-age.  The  business  of  a  broker;  his  fee.  Price- 
Discount. 

bro'-ker-y.     The  business  of  a  broker.     Exchange. 

bron'-chi-a.  The  air-passages  of  the  lungs.  Water- 
course-Airpipe. 

bron'-chus.  One  of  the  divisions  of  the  trachea. 
Watercourse-Airpipe. 

bronze.  A  compound  of  copper  and  tin.  Gray- 
Brown,  Sculpture. 

brooch.  A  breastpin.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

brood.  Offspring;  sitting  on  eggs.  Multiplicity- 
Paucity,  Parentage-Progeny;  brood  over,  Light- 
he  artedness-Dejection,    Reflection-Vacancy. 

brood'-ing.  Hatching  eggs.  Preparation-Nonprep- 
aration. 

brook.  A  small  stream;  bear.  Excitability-Inex- 
citability,  River-Wind. 

brook'-let.     A  small  brook.     River-Wind. 

broom.  A  brush  for  sweeping.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness. 

broth.     Thin  soup.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

broth'-el.     A  bawdy  house.     Purity-Impurity. 

broth'-er  A  son  of  the  same  parents;  a  companion. 
Equality-Inequality,  Likeness-Unlikeness,  Re- 
lationship. 

broth'-er-hood.  Union.  Amity-Hostility,  Associa- 
tion, Gathering-Scattering,  Likeness-Unlike- 
ness, Relationship. 

Broth'-er  Jon'-a-than.  [Biblical.]  Washington's  name 
for  Jonathan  Trumbull,  Gov.  of  Connecticut;  a 
Yankee;  the  American  people.  Patriotism-Treason. 

broth'-er-ly.  Affectionate;  kind.  Amity-Hostility, 
Charitableness-Malevolence,  Love-Hate. 

brough'-am.     A  light  carriage.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

brought.  Past  tense  of  bring.  Brought  to  bed,  Cre- 
ation-Destruction. 


brouillerie    [F.]     (brui-ye-ri') .     Disagreement.      Vari- 

ANCE-ACCORD. 

brouillon  [F.]  (brut-yon')-     Blundering.     Design. 

brow.     The     forehead;  an     edge.     Anteriority-Pos 
teriority,  Border,  Top-Bottom. 

brow'-beat".  To  bully.  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness, Regard-Disrespect,  Sanguineness-Timid- 
ity;  brow-beaten,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

brown.  A  dark  olo  .  Gray-Brown;  brown  Bess, 
Weapon;  brown  study,  Heed-Disregard,  Reflec 
tion-Vacancy. 

Brown.  A  family  name.  Brown,  Jones  and  Robinson, 
Gentility-Democracy. 

Brown'-i-an.  Pertaining  to  the  Scotch  botanist,  Dr. 
Robert  Brown.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

brown'-ie.     A  household  spirit.     Jove-Fiend. 

browse.     To  graze.      Nutriment-Excretion. 

bru'-in.     A  bear.     Politeness-Impoliteness. 

bruise.  To  crush;  to  injure  with  blows.  Friability, 
Goodness-Badness,  Purpose-Luck. 

bruis'-er.     A  pugilist.     Belligerent. 

bruit.  A  loud  noise;  to  noise  abroad.  Publicity, 
Tidings-Mystery. 

bru'-mal.     Wintry.     Heat-Cold. 

brum'-ma-gem.     A  sham.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

bru-nette'.  A  woman  of  dark  complexion.  Gray- 
Brown. 

brunt.  Shock;  an  assault.  Continuity-Interrup- 
tion, Impetus-Reaction;  bear  the  brunt,  Attack- 
Defense,  Difficulty-Facility,  Emotion,  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability. 

brush.  An  instrument  to  brush  with;  thicket;  a  fight. 
Cleanness-Filthiness,  Painting,  Smoothness- 
Roughness,  Strife-Peace,  Swiftness-Slowness; 
brush  away,  Admission-Expulsion,  Commission- 
Abrogation;  brush  up,  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Preparation-Nonpreparation;  paint-brush, 
Painting. 

brush'-wood.  A  thicket  of  small  trees.  Fauna- 
Flora. 

brusque.  Rough;  blunt  in  manners.  Hurry-Lei- 
sure, Politeness -Impoliteness,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

brusquerie  [F.]  (briis-ke-ri') .  Abruptness.  Hurry- 
Leisure,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

brus'-tle.     To  rustle.     Crash-Drumming. 

bru'-tal.  Inhuman;  vulgar.  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Taste-Vul- 
garity. 

bru-tal'-i-ty.  Savageness.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Mind-Imbecility,  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness, Taste-Vulgarity,  Virtue-Vice. 

bru'-tal-ize.  To  make  brutal ;  corrupt.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Sensitiveness-Apathy,  Virtue- 
Vice. 

brute.  A  beast;  cruel;  coarse.  Benefactor-Evil- 
doer, Fauna-Flora,  Politeness-Impoliteness; 
brute  force,  Coercion,  Harshness-Mildness,  Law- 
Lawlessness,  Mind-Imbecility,  Strength-Weak* 
ness,  Turbulence-Calmness;  brute  matter,  Mate- 
riality-Spirituality,    Organization-Inorganiza- 

TION. 

Brute,  et  tu  [L.]  (Bru'-ti,  et  tiu).  Thou  too,  Brutus. 
Thankfulness-Thanklessness. 

bru'-ti-fy.     Brutalize.     Politeness-Impoliteness. 

bru'-tish.  Stupid;  cruel.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Gentility-Democracy,  Moderation-Self- 
indulgence,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

brutum  fulmen  [L.]  (bru'-tum  ful'-men).  A  harmless 
thunderbolt.  Bragging,  Might-Impotence,  Rule- 
License,  Success-Failure. 

Bry'-an-ite.  "A  Bible  Christian."  [Founded  by  Wm. 
O'Bryan,  a  Cornishman,  1815.]  Orthodoxy-Heter- 
odoxy. 


BUBBLE. 


126 


BUNCOMBE. 


buo-ble.  A  small  bladder  of  water;  a  cheat;  to  rise 
in  bubbles.  Agitation,  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Greatness-Littleness,  Heaviness-Light- 
ness, Lastingness-Transientness,  River-Wind, 
Substance-Nullity,  Truth-Error,  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud, Viscidity-Foam;  bubble  burst,  Expec- 
tation-Disappointment, Success-Failure,  Trans- 
cursion-Shortcoming;  bubble  reputation,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit; bubble  up,  Agitation. 

bub'-bling.     Forming  bubbles.     Viscidity-Foam. 

buc"-ca-neer'.     A  pirate.     Robber,  Theft. 

buc"-ca-neer'-ing.     Pirating.     Robber. 

buc"-ca-nier'.     A  pirare.     Robber. 

Bu-ceph'-a-lus.  Alexander's,  favorite  horse.  Con- 
veyer. 

buck.     The  male  of  deer,  goats,  etc.;  a  fop.     Clean- 

NESS-FlLTHINESS,  FAUNA-FLORA,  MaLE-FeMALE,  So- 

ciety-Dandy,  Spring-Dive  ;  buck  basket,  Contents- 
Receiver;  buck  jump,  Spring-Plunge. 

buck'-et.  A  vessel  for  carrying  water.  Drop  bucket 
in  empty  well,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  kick  the 
bucket,  Life-Death;  like  buckets  in  a  well,  Vibra- 
tion. 

buck'-le.  An  instrument  for  fastening  straps;  a  curl. 
Circle-Winding,  Connective,  Union-Disunion; 
buckle  on  one's  armor,  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion;  buckle  to,  Persistence-Whim,  Toil-Relaxa- 
tion; buckle  with,  Strife-Peace. 

tmck'-led.     Fastened  with  buckles.    Circle-Winding. 

buck'-ler.     A  shield.     Attack-Defense. 

buck'-ram.  Haughty;  stiffness  of  manners.  Self- 
respect-Humbleness,  Society-Affectation;  men 
in  buckram,  Gull-Hyperbole. 

bu-col'-ic.  Pertaining  to  shepherds;  a  pastoral  poem. 
City-Country,  Domestication-Agriculture,  Po- 
etry. 

bu-cra'-ni-a.     Ornaments.     Architecture. 

bud.  An  undeveloped  flower;  to  graft;  expand.  Be- 
ginning-End, Cause-Effect,  Enlargement-Dimi- 
nution, Injection-Ejection;  bud  from,  Cause- 
Effect. 

Bud'-dha.  A  religious  teacher.  Jove-Fiend,  Reve- 
latio^j-Pseudorevelation. 

Bud'-dhism.  The  Hindu  religion,  widely  prevalent  in 
Asia.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

Bud'-dhist.  One  who  accepts  the  teachings  of  Bud- 
dhism.    Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

bud'-ding.     The  beginning.     Infancy-Age. 

budge.     To  move.     Movement-Rest. 

budg'-et.  A  bag;  a  financial  statement;  a  store.  Ac- 
counts, Contents-Receiver,  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing, Store  ;  budget  of  news,  Tidings-Mystery. 

buff.  A  light  yellowish  color.  Redness-Greenness; 
native  buff,  Dress-Undress. 

buff'-er.  A  non-concussion  apparatus.  Attack-De- 
fense, Obstruction-Help. 

buf'-fet.  Thump;  to  struggle  against.  Agitation, 
Favorite-Anger,  Good-Evil,  Goodness-Badness, 
Impetus-Reaction,  Recompense-Punition;  buffet 
the  waves,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Difficulty- 
Facility. 

buf-fef .     A  cupboard.     Contents-Receiver. 

buffo  [It.]    (buf'-fo).     A  comic  actor.     Acting. 

buf-foon'.  A  clown.  Acting,  Society-Laughing- 
stock, Wag. 

buf-foon'-er-y.  Jests.  Acting,  Entertainment- 
Weariness,      Society -Derision,     Society -Ludi- 

CROUSNESS,    WlTTINESS-DuLNESS. 

bug.     An  insect  of  many  species.     Cleanness-Filthi- 

ness. 
bug'-a-boo".       A    specter.       Alarm,    Sanguineness- 

Timidity. 
bug'-bear.     A  frightful  object.     Alarm,  Fancy,  San- 

guineness-Timidity. 


bug'-gy.     A  light  carriage.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

bu'-gle.  A  horn.  Fighting-Conciliation,  Musicai 
Instruments;  bugle  call,  Order,  Sign. 

build.  Construct.  Creation-Destruction,  Form- 
Formlessness;  build  up,  Inclusion-Omission;  build 
upon,  Faith-Misgiving;  build  upon  a  rock,  Muta- 
bility-Stability. 

build'-er.     An  architect.     Agent. 

build'-ings.  Edifices  for  any  use.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

built.     Erected.     Built  on,  Top-Bottom. 

bulb.  A  round  root;  to  swell.  Convexity-Concav- 
ity, Enlargement-Diminution,  Roundness. 

bulb'-ous.  Having  or  growing  from  bulbs.  Convex- 
ity-Concavity, Enlargement-Diminution,  Round- 
ness. 

bulge.     A  swelling.     Convexity-Concavity. 

bulk.  Size;  mass.  Greatness-Littleness,  Whole- 
Part. 

bulk'-head".  A  partition  in  a  ship.  Obstruction- 
Help. 

bulk'-y.     Large;  unwieldy.     Greatness-Littleness. 

bull.  The  male  of  cattle;  the  pope's  edict;  stock- 
dealer.  Adage-Nonsense,  Grammar-Solecism,  In- 
crease-Decrease, Labor-Capital,  Male-Female, 
Order,  Truth-Error;  bull  in  a  china  shop,  Regu- 
larity-Irregularity; take  the  bull  by  the  horns, 
Bravery  -  Cowardice,  Determination  -Vacilla- 
tion. 

Bull.  A  family  name.  John  Bull,  a  typical  English- 
man. [Arbuthnot,  Satire,  1712.]  Dweller-Habi- 
tation. 

bull'-calf .     A  dull,  stupid  fellow.     Sage-Fool. 

bull'-dog.  A  ferocious  dog.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Determination-Vacillation,  Fauna-Flora,  Per- 
sistence-Whim. 

bul'-let.     A  ball  for  a  gun.     Roundness,  Weapon. 

bul'-le-tin.  An  official  report.  Missive-Publication, 
Tidings-Mystery. 

bull'-fight.  A  fight  in  an  arena  between  men  and 
bulls.     Strife-Peace. 

bull'-head.     Stubborn.     Sage-Fool. 

bul'-lion.     Uncoined  gold  or  silver.     Money. 

bull's'-eye.  The  center  of  a  target ;  a  policeman's  lan- 
tern.    Center,  Luminary-Shade,  Purpose-Luck. 

bul'-ly.  A  noisy  fellow;  to  terrorize.  Belligerent, 
Benefactor  -  Evildoer,  Bravery  -  Cowardice, 
Brawler,  Charitableness-Menace,  City-Coun- 
try, Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Harshness-Mildness, 
Presumption  -  Obsequiousness,  Recklessness  - 
Caution,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

bul'-rush".  A  large  rush  growing  in  damp  places.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance. 

bul'-wark.    A  fortification.    Attack-Defense. 

bum-bail'-iff.     A  sheriff's  deputy/'  Judicature. 

bum'-ble-dom.  Extravagant  authority  shown  by 
petty  officials.     Judicature,  Rule-License. 

bum'-boat".     A  clumsy  boat.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

bump.  To  strike;  an  extension.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Impetus-Reaction. 

bump'-er.  A  cup  or  glass  filled  to  the  brim.  En- 
tirety-Deficiency. 

bump'-kin.    A  clown;  a  rustic.    Gentility-Democracy. 

bump'-tious.  Self-conceited;  aggressive.  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness, Regard-Scorn,  Selfre- 
spect-Humbleness. 

bunch.  A  hunch;  a  cluster.  Convexity-Concavity, 
Gathering-Scattering. 

bunch'-backed".  Hunchbacked.  Proportion-De- 
formity. 

bun'-combe.  A  district  in  N.  C;  speech  made  for  it 
by  its  Congressman;  political  claptrap;  bombastic 
utterance.  Adulation-Disparagement,  Bragging, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood. 


BUND. 


127 


BUSINESS. 


bund  [  G.  ]  (bun  t) .  A  league ,  especially  of  German  states. 
Association. 

bun'-dle.  A  number  of  things  bound  together;  a 
parcel;  to  dismiss.  Gathering-Scattering,  Meas- 
ure, Traveling-Navigation;  bundle  on,  Hurry- 
Leisure,  Swiftness-Slowness;  bundle  out,  Admis- 
sion-Expulsion. 

bung.  A  stopper  for  a  barrel.  Perforator-Stopper; 
bung  up,  Aperture-Closure. 

bun'-ga-low.  A  one-storied  house.  Dweller-Habi- 
tation. 

bun'-gle.     Work  clumsily.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

bun'-gler.  A  clumsy  person.  Adept-Bungler,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness. 

bun'-gling.     Awkward.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

bun'-ker.     A  chest.     Contents-Receiver. 

bun'-kum.      Buncombe. 

bun'-ting.     A  thin  stuff  used  for  flags.     Sign. 

buoy.  Support;  a  guide  to  ships.  Elevation-De- 
pression,   Heaviness-Lightness,    Sanguineness- 

TlMIDlTY. 

buoy'-an-cy.  Power  to  float  on  or  in  a  liquid  or  gas. 
Elasticity-Inelasticity,  Heaviness-Lightness, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

buoy'-ant.  Floating;  cheerful;  light.  Ascent-De- 
scent, Elasticity-Inelasticity,  Heaviness-Light- 
ness, Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Sanguine- 
ness-Hopelessness. 

bur.  A  prickly  head  of  a  plant;  a  ridge.  Engraving, 
Smoothness-Roughness. 

bur'-den.  A  load;  care;  refrain.  Contents-Receiver, 
Excess-Lack,  Heaviness-Lightness,  Melody-Dis- 
sonance, Obstruction-Help,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness;  Pleasure-Pain,  burden  of  a  song, 
Recurrence;  burden  the  memory,  Remembrance- 
Forgetfulness. 

bur'-den-some.  Grievous.  Goodness-Badness,  Heav- 
iness-Lightness, Obstruction-Help. 

bu'-reau.  A  desk;  office;  a  department  of  business. 
Contents-Receiver,  Market,  Purity-Impurity, 
Tribunal,  Workshop. 

bu-reau'-cra-cy.  Government  by  bureaus.  Rule- 
License. 

bu'-reau-crat.    A  member  of  a  bureaucracy.    Manager. 

burg.     Borough.     City-Country. 

bur'-gee.     Apennant.     Sign. 

bur'-geon.     To  sprout.     Enlargement-Diminution. 

bur'-gess.  A  citizen.  Dweller-Habitation,  Presi- 
dent-Member. 

burgh.  An  incorporated  village.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

burgh'-er.  A  citizen  of  a  burgh.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

burgh'-mote.     The  court  of  a  burgh.     Tribunal. 

bur'-glar.     A  thief.     Robber. 

bur'-gla-ry.     Housebreaking  by  night.     Theft. 

bur'-go-mas"-ter.  A  chief  magistrate.  Chief-Under- 
ling, President-Member. 

bur'-grave.  The  magistrate  of  a  fortified  town.  Chief- 
Underling. 

bur'-i-al.     A  funeral.     Ceremonial,  Life-Funeral. 

bur'-ied.  Interred.  Confinement,  Deepness-Shaj.- 
lowness,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Life-Funer- 
al; buried  in  a  napkin  [Bible],  Carefulness- 
Carelessness;  buried  in  oblivion,  Remembrance- 
Forgetfulness. 

bu'-rin.     An  engraver's  tool.     Engraving. 

burke.  To  murder  by  suffocation.  [An  Irish  murderer, 
1829.]   Life-Killing. 

bur-lesque'.  Laughable  imitation ;  a  dramatic  travesty. 
Acting,  Copy-Model,  Imitation-Originality,  Re- 
gard-Disrespect, Society-Derision,  Society-Lu- 
dicrousness. 

burletta  Tit.]   (bur-let'-ta) .    A  comic  opera.     Acting. 


bur'-ly.     Stout.     Greatness-Littleness. 

burn.  To  destroy  by  heat;  to  be  very  active;  to  be  full 
of  passion.  Discovery,  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility,  Heat-Cold,  Heating-Cooling,  Love-Hate, 
Recompense-Punition.  Remoteness-Nearness, 
River-Wind;  burn  daylight,  Activity-Indolence; 
burn  in,  Heating-Cooling;  burn  one's  fingers,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness;  burn  out,  Heating-Cooling;  burn 
the  candle  at  both  ends,  Extravagance-Avarice, 
Provision-Waste,  Toil-Relaxation;  burn  to,  De- 
sire-Distaste. 

burn'-er.    A  part  of  a  lamp.    Luminary-Shade. 

burn'-ing.  Hot;  passionate.  Desire-Distaste,  Emo- 
tion, Favorite-Anger,  Heating-Cooling;  burning 
pain,  Sensuality-Suffering;  burning  shame,  Repu- 
tation-Discredit; burning  with  curiosity,  Inquisi- 
tiveness-Indifference  , 

bur'-nish.  To  polish.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Light- 
Darkness,  Smoothness-Roughness. 

bur'-nished.    Polished.    Light-Darkness. 

bur'-nish-er.  One  who  burnishes;  a  tool  for  burnishing. 
Smoothness-Roughness. 

bur'-noose.    An  Arabian  garment.    Dress-Undress. 

bur'-nous.    An  Arabian  garment.     Dress-Undress. 

burnt.  Consumed  by  fire;  scorched.  Heating-Cool- 
ing, Redness-Greenness;  burnt  offering,  Atone- 
ment, Devotion-Idolatry. 

burr.     A  rough  guttural  sound.     Cacophony. 

bur'-rock.  A  small  weir  or  dam  in  a  river  to  direct  the 
current  to  fish-traps  at  one  side.  Obstruction- 
Help. 

bur'-row.  Excavate;  a  hole  made  by  animals.  Con- 
vexity-Concavity, Establishment-Removal. 

bur'-sar.     A  treasurer.     Treasurer. 

bur'-sa-ry.     A  treasury.     Treasurer,  Treasury. 

burst.  To  break;  an  explosion;  to  commence.  Crash- 
Drumming,  Eternity-Instantaneity,  Excitabil- 
ity-Inexcitability,  Favorite-Anger,  Toughness- 
Brittleness,  Turbulence-Calmness,  Union-Dis- 
union; bubble  burst,  Completion-Noncompletion, 
Exposure-Hidingplace;  burst  away,  Quest-Eva- 
sion; burst  forth,  Beginning-End,  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Visibility-Invisibility;  burst  in,  En- 
trance-Exit; burst  into  a  flame,  Excitability-In- 
excitability;  burst  into  tears,  Jubilation-Lamen- 
tation; burst  of  anger,  Favorite-Anger;  burst  of 
eloquence,  Speech-Inarticulateness;  burst  of  envy, 
Pardon-Envy;  burst  of  laughter,  Jubilation- 
Lamentation;  burst  out,  Entrance-Exit,  Excita- 
bility -  Inexcitability,  Turbulence  -  Calmness  ; 
burst  upon,  Arrival-Departure,  Expectation- 
Surprise;  burst  with  grief,  Jubilation-Lamenta- 
tion; ready  to  burst,  Excess-Lack,  Excitation. 

bur'-then.  A  load.  Contents-Receiver,  Excess- 
Lack,   Heaviness-Lightness,   Obstruction-Help. 

bur'-y.  To  inter.  Confinement,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Life-Funeral;  bury  one's  talent,  Life- 
Funeral  ;  bury  the  hatchet,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

bus'-by.     A  tall  bushy  fur  cap.     Dress-Undress. 

bush.  A  low  shrub;  a  thicket.  Fauna-Flora,  Gulf- 
Plain,  Whole-Part;  beat  about  the  bush,  Mid- 
course-Circuit,  Terseness-Prolixity. 

bush'-el.  A  dry  measure  of  four  pecks.  Contents- 
Receiver,  Greatness-Littleness,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Multiplicity-Paucity;  hid  under  a 
bushel,  Carefulness-Carelessness;  not  hide  light 
under  a  bushel,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

bush'-fight"-ing.  Fighting  under  the  cover  of  bushes. 
Strife-Peace. 

bush'-ran"-ger.    An  outlaw.     Robber. 

bush'-y.     Overgrown.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

bus'-i-ness.  Occupation ;  traffic.  Conception-Theme, 
Conduct,  Exchange,  Occupation,  Occurrence- 
Destiny,    Quest-Evasion;    full    of    business,    Ac- 


BUSINESS. 


128 


BUYING— SALE. 


TIVity-Indolence;  man  of  business,  Adept-Bun- 
gler, Consignee;  mind  one's  business,  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness, Heed-Disregard,  Inquisitive- 
ness-Indifference;  send  about  one's  business,  Ad- 
mission-Expulsion; stage  business,  Acting. 

bus'-i-ness-like .  Systematic;  practical.  Activity-In- 
dolence, Conduct,  Occupation,  Regularity-Ir- 
regularity, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

bus'-kin.    A  half  boot.    Acting,  Dress-Undress. 

bus'-kined.  Having  the  feet  laced  in  buskins;  tragic. 
Acting. 

buss.  A  small  two-masted  vessel;  a  kiss.  Blandish- 
ment, Conveyance-Vessel,  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness. 

bust.  A  statue  of  the  head  and  shoulders.  Delinea- 
tion-Caricature. 

bus'-tle.  To  stir  quickly.  Activity-Indolence,  Agi- 
tation, Dress-Undress,  Hurry-Leisure,  Vigor- 
Inertia. 

bus'-tling.     Hurrying.     Mutability-Stability. 

bus'-y.  Occupied.  Activity-Indolence,  Occupa- 
tion. 

bus'-y-bod"-y.  A  meddler  with  others'  affairs.  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence. 

but.  Except;  yet;  save,  etc.  Boundary,  Compensa- 
tion, Conventionality-Unconventionality,  Mod- 
ification; but  now,  Time. 

butch'-er.  One  who  slaughters.  Benefactor-Evil- 
doer, Life-Killing. 

butch'-er-y.  Wholesale  slaughter;  a  slaughter  house. 
Like-Killing. 

but'-ler.  A  servant  in  care  of  the  liquors.  Chief- 
Underling. 

butt.  A  limit;  aim;  one  at  whom  fun  is  thrust.  At- 
tack-Defense, Contents-Receiver,  Impetus-Re- 
action, Purpose-Luck,  Society-Laughingstock; 
butt  end,  Beginning-End. 


butte.  A  conspicuous  hill  or  low  mountain  range. 
Height-Lowness,  Geology. 

but'-ter.  A  substance  obtained  from  cream.  Adula- 
tion-Disparagement, Hardness-Softness;  butter 
bread  on  both  sides,  Excess-Lack;  butter  not  melt 
in  mouth,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

but'-tered  side.  Side  covered  with  butter.  Know  on 
which  side  one's  bread  is  buttered,  Skill-Unskil- 
fulness,  Unselfishness-Selfishness;  not  know 
on  which  side  one's  bread  is  buttered,  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness. 

but'-ter-fly".  A  winged  insect.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Determination-Vacillation,  Pomp,  Variegation; 
break  butterfly  on  wheel,  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Provision-Waste. 

but'-ter-y.     Containing  butter.     Store. 

but'-tock.     The  rump.     Anteriority-Posteriority. 

but'-ton.  A  knob  for  fastening.  Connective,  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Convexity-Concavity, 
Greatness-Littleness,  Suspension-Support,  Un- 
ion-Disunion; button  up,  Levelness,  Release- 
Restraint;  button  up  one's  pockets,  Settlement- 
Default;  take  by  the  button,  Address-Response. 

but'-toned  up.     Reserved.     Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

but'-ton-hold"-er.     A  bore.     Entertainment-Weari 

NESS. 

but'-ton-top.     Top   of  a  button;  useless  thing.     Use- 

FULNESS-USELESSNESS. 

but'-tress.     A    support    to    a    wall.      Architecture, 

Attack-Defense,  Suspension-Support. 
but"-y-ra'-ceous.     Buttery.     Pulpiness-Oiliness. 
bux'-om.      Plump;   comely.      Lightheartedness-De- 

JECTION. 

buy.     Purchase.     Buying-Sale.    Buy  a  pig  in  a  poke, 

Purpose-Luck;  buy  and  sell,  Exchange. 
buy'-ing.     Purchasing.     Buying-Sale. 


BUYING— SALE. 


Bribery.  The  crime  or  offense  of  giving,  offering,  or  accepting  any 
gift,  advantage,  or  emolument  used  corruptly  to  influence  a  public 
officer  in  his  official  action,  or  a  private  person  in  the  discharge  of  a 
public  duty. 

Buying.     Acquisition  by  payment  of  a  price  or  value ;  purchasing. 

Coemption.     Buying  the  whole  quantity  of  any  commodity. 

Emption.     The  act  of  buying 

Preemption.     The  act  or  right  of  purchasing  before  others. 

Purchase.  The  act  of  seeking  and  acquiring  property;  buying  for 
money  or  its  equivalent. 

Purchasing.     Obtaining  by  the  payment  of  money  or  its  equivalent. 

Refusal.     The  right  of  taking  in  preference  to  others. 

Shopping.     Visiting  shops  for  the  purchase  of  goods. 

Slave-trade.     The  buying  and  selling  of  slaves. 

Buying — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Buyer.     One  who  buys. 

Client.     One  who  pays  for  advice  from  a  legal  adviser. 

Customer.     One  who  regularly  makes  purchases  of  a  trader. 

Employer.     One  who  keeps  men  at  work  and  pays  them. 

Emptor  [L.].     Buyer. 

Patron.     One  who  protects,  supports,  or  countenances. 

Purchaser.     One  who  purchases. 

Vendee.     The  person  to  whom  a  thing  is  vended  or  sold. 

Buying — Verbs. 

Bribe.     Give  a  bribe  to;  corrupt  with  money  or  other  reward. 
Buy.     Obtain  for  a  price:  purchase. 
Buy  in.     Purchase  stock  in  any  fund  or  partnership. 
Buy  over  the  counter. 
Complete  a  purchase.     Make  a  purchase. 
Go  a  shopping.      Visit  shops  in  order  to  purchase  goods. 
Invest  in.     Make  an  investment 
Keep  in  one's  pay.     Employ. 
Make  a  purchase.     Buy  something. 
Market.     Buy  in  a  market. 

>ay.     Make  due  return  to,  as  for  service  rendered      See  Settle- 
ment 


Auction.     A  public  sale  of  property  to  the  highest  bidder. 
Custom.     A  tariff  or  duty  assessed  by  law.     See  Exchange. 
Disposal.     The  act  of  disposing  of  something  by  gift,  sale,  or  the  like. 
Dutch  auction.     The  public  offer  of  property  at  a  price  beyond  its 

value,  then  gradually  lowering  the  price,  till  some  one  accepts  it  as 

a  purchaser. 
Roup.     A  sale  of  goods  by  auction. 

Sale.     Exchange  of  property  for  money  or  its  equivalent. 
Vendibility.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  vendible  or  salable. 
Vendibleness.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  vendible. 
Vendue.     A  public  sale  at  auction. 
Vent.     Sale;  opportunity  to  sell ;  market. 

Sale — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Auctioneer.     One  who  conducts  a  sale  by  auction. 
Haberdasher.     One  who  sells  small  articles  of  dress,  thread,  pins,  etc 
Merchant.     A  person  who  buys  and  sells  commodities  as  a  busi- 
ness and  for  profit.     See  Dealer. 
Seller.     One  who  sells. 

Vender.     One  who  vends  or  sells;  especially,  a  pedler. 
Vendor.     Same  as  Vender,  the  common  legal  spelling. 

Sale — Verbs. 
Bring  to  market.     Offer  for  sale. 
Bring  to  the  hammer.         I  Put  up  at  auction. 
Bring  under  the  hammer.  J 

Deal  in,  etc.     Buy  and  sell;  furnish,  as  a  retailer.     See  Exchange. 
Dispense.     Deal  out  in  portions. 
Dispose  of.     Part  with;  get  rid  of,  as  for  money. 
Effect  a  sale.     Accomplish  the  sale  of  anything. 
Hawk.     Offer  for  sale  by  outcry  in  the  street;  peddle. 
Let.     Allow  to  be  used  or  occupied  for  a  compensation  ■  rent 
Mortgage,  etc.     Convey  or  make  over  by  mortgage,  etc.'    See  S» 

CURITY. 

Offer.     Tender  or  present  for  acceptance  or  rejection. 
Offer  for  sale.     Offer  to  give  up  for  a  price. 
Put  up  for  sale.     Offer  publicly  for  sale. 
Put  up  to  auction.     Offer  for  sale  at  auction. 


BUYING. 


129 


BYWORD. 


BU  YI NG— SALE—  Continued. 


BUYING— Verbs— Continued. 
Procure.  Come  into  possession  of  by  some  means. 
Purchase.     Obtain  as  one's  own  by  paying,  or  promising  to  pay,  a 

price. 
Rent.     Secure  the  possession  and  use  of  for  a  consideration      See 

Loan-Borrowing. 
Repurchase.     Buy  back  or  again. 
Shop.     Visit  shops  for  the  purpose  of  buying. 

Spend.     Pay  out, as  money,  as  in  making  purchases.     See  Outlay. 
Suborn.     Induce  or  procure  to  commit  perjury. 

Buying  — Adjectives. 
Purchased,  etc.     Bought,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Buying — Phrase. 
Caveat  emptor  [L         Let  the  buyer  beware. 


SALE — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  a. 
Unsalable.     Not  salable;  unmerchantable. 
Vendible.     Capable  of  being  vended  or  sold :  salable. 

Sale — Phrase. 
Chose  qui  plait  est  a  demi  vendue  [F.].     A  thing  that  pleases  is  half 
sold. 


SALE — Verbs — Continued. 


Realize.     Obtain  as  a  profit  or  return. 

Resell.     Sell  over  again. 

Retail.     Sell  in  small  quantities  to  consumers. 

Sell.     Give  up  for  a  price ;  dispose  of  by  sale. 

Sell  by  auction,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Sell  off.     Sell. 

Sell  out.     Dispose  of  wholly  or  entirely. 

Sell  over  the  counter. 

Turn  into  money.     Sell  for  money. 

Undersell.     Sell  cheaper  than. 

Vend.     Transfer  to  another  person  for  a  pecuniary  equivalent ;  sell 

Sa  l  e — A  djectives. 

For  sale.     To  be  bought  or  sold. 

In  the  market.     On  hand ;  for  sale. 

Marketable.    Fit  to  be  offered  for  sale  in  a  market;  salable. 

On  one's  hands.     In  one's  possession,  care  or  management. 

Salable.     That  may  be  sold ;  marketable. 

Unbought.     Not  bought;  not  sold. 

Under  the  hammer.     At  auction. 

Unpurchased.     Unbought ;  not  sold. 

(.Continued  on  Column  i .) 


buzz.  A  low  humming  sound.  Cacophony,  Cry- 
Ululation,  Publicity  Resonance-Sibilation, 
Tidings-Mystery. 

buz'-zard.  A  bird  of  prey.  Sage-Fool;  between 
hawk  and  buzzard,  Agitation,  Pleasure-Pain; 
blind  as  a  buzzard,  Sight-Blindness. 

by.  Near;  through  means  of,  tc.  Instrumentality, 
Laterality-Contraposition;  by  and  by,  Earliness- 
Lateness,  Opportuneness  Unsuitableness;  by 
itself,  Solitude-Company;  by  means  of,  Agency, 
Means;  by  my  tro  h,  etc.,  Assertion-Denial;  by 
no  means,  Magnitude-Smallness;  by  the  card, 
Conventionality-  Unconventionality;  by  the 
hour,  etc.,  Loan-Borrowing;  by  the  way,  Connec- 
tion-Independence, Opportuneness-Unsuitable- 
ness,  Purpose-Luck;  go  by,  Transcursion-Short- 
boming;  have  by  one.  Holding-Exemption,  Pro- 
vision-Waste. 


bye.  Secondary;  good  bye.  God  be  with  you 
Arrival-Departure,  Sociability-Privacy. 

by'-gone.  Past.  Future-Past,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness;  let  bygones  be  bygones,  Pardon-Vin- 

DICTIVENESS. 

by'-law".     A  subordinate  law  or  regulation.     Law- 

Lawlessness. 
by'-name".     A  nickname.     Name-Misnomer. 
by'-path".     An  obscure  way.     Aim-Aberration. 
by'-play".     A  side-show.     Enlightenment-Secrecy, 

Sign. 
byre.     A  cow-stable.     Dweller-Habitation. 
bys'-sus.    A  kind  of  flax.    Smoothness-Roughness. 
by'-stand"-er.     A  looker-on.     Onlooker,  Presence 

Absence,  Remoteness-Nearness. 
by'-way.     A  secluded  way.     Way. 
by'-word".  A  proverb;  a  nickname.  Adage-Nonsense 

Name-Misnomer,  Regard-Scorn,  Word-Neology 


CAB. 


130 


CADI. 


cab.    A  carriage.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

ca-bal'.  Conspiracy  of  leaders.  Association-De- 
sign. 

cab'-a-la.  A  mystic  philosophy.  Devotion-Charm, 
Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

cab'-a-ret.    A  wine-shop.    Dweller-Habitation. 

cab'-bage.     To  pilfer.     Theft. 

cab'-in.  A  small  house.  Contents  -  Receiver, 
Dweller-Habitation. 

cab'-ined,  cribbed,  con-fined'.  Narrowly  restrained. 
Release-Restraint. 

cab'-i-net.  A  council;  a  chest  of  drawers;  a  private 
room.  Contents-Receiver,  Council,  Rule-Li- 
cense, Workshop;  cabinet  picture,  Painting. 

ca'-ble.  A  heavy  rope.  Connective;  slip  cable,  Mes- 
senger, Quest-Evasion. 

cab'-man.  A  cab  driver.  Manager,  Measure,  Way- 
farer-Seafarer. 

ca-boose'.  A  nautical  cooking  place.  Oven-Refrig- 
erator. 

cab"-ri-o-let\   A  one-horse  cab.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

cache.     A  place  for  storing.     Store. 

cachet,  letire  de  [F.]  (ca-she' ,  letr  de) .  A  sealed  letter, 
Release-Restraint. 

ca-chex'-i-a.  1  General  bad  health.     Health-Sickness, 

ca-chex'y.      /      Strength-Weakness. 

cach"-in-na'-tion.  Loud  laughter.  Jubilation-La- 
mentation. 

cack'-le.  A  shrill  cry  of  a  hen;  idle  talk;  a  chuckle. 
Conversation-Monologue,  Cry-Ululation,  Jubi- 
lation-Lamentation,Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

cac"-o-de'-mon.     An  evil  spirit.     Jove-Fiend. 

cacoeihes  [L.]  (ca-co-i'-thiz).  A  bad  habit.  Desire- 
Distaste,  Habit-Desuetude. 

cacoethes  loquendi  [L.]  (ca-co-i'-thiz  lo-quen'-dai) . 
The  habit  of  talking.   Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

cacoethes  scribendi  [L.]  (ca-co-i'-thiz  scri-ben'-dai) . 
The  habit  of  writing.     Writing-Printing. 

cac-og'-ra-phy.      Bad  writing.     Writing-Printing. 

~,ac-oph'-o-nous.  Sounding  harsh.  Cacophony,  Mel- 
ody-Dissonance. 

cac-oph'-o-ny.  Disagreeable  sound,  cacophony,  Mel- 
ody-Dissonance, Purity-Crudeness. 

CACOPHONY. 

Acute  note.     A  shrill  and  piercing  note. 

Alto.     The  lowest  female  voice  or  highest  male 

Cacophony.     A  disagreeable  sound. 

Creak,  etc.     A  prolonged,  sharp  sound  made  by  friction.     See  Verbs- 

Creaking,  etc.     A  succession  of  creaks.     See  Verbs. 

Discord,   etc.     A    combination    of    sounds   not   in   harmony.     See 

Melody -Dissonance. 
Falsetto.     The  high  artificial  tones  of  the  voice, 
High  note.     A  note  high  in  the  musical  scale. 

Roughness.     The  quality  of  being  loud  and  grating  upon  the  ears. 
Sharpness,  etc.     The  quality  of  being  high  in  pitch  and  having  a 

piercing  sound,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Soprano.     The  highest  female  voice. 
Stridor.     A  harsh  grating  sound. 
Tenor.     The  highest  male  voice. 
Treble.     The  highest  of  the  four  parts  of  music. 
Voce  di  testa  [It.].     The  head-voice. 

Cacophony — Noun  of  Agent. 

Penny  trumpet.  Any  instrument  that  makes  a  harsh  disagreeable 
sound. 


Cacophony — Vtrbs. 

Burr.     To  pronounce  with  a  rough  whirring  sound. 

Buzz,  etc.     To  produce  a  shrill  murmuring  sound  like  that  of  bees, 

etc.     See  Resonance-Sibilation. 
Clank.     To  produce  a  harsh  metallic  sound. 
Clink,     To  produce  a  shrill  metallic  sound. 
Creak.     To  produce  a  prolonged  sharp  sound  by  friction. 
Grate.     To  produce  a  harsh  sound  by  rubbing. 
Jangle.     To  produce  discordant  sounds. 
Jar.     To  produce  a  harsh  rattling  sound. 
Pipe.     To  produce  a  shrill  sound. 
Scream,  etc.    To  cry  in  a  shrill  voice,  etc.     See  Cry. 
Twang.     To  produce  a  quick,  sharp  noise ;  a  nasal  twang. 
Yelp,  etc.     To  bark  in  a  sharp,  shrill  tone.     See  Cry-Ululation 

Cacophony — Verbal  Expressions. 

Ecorcker  les  oreilles  [F.],  to  grate  upon  the  ears;  grate  upon  the 
ear;  jar  upon  the  ear;  offend  the  ear;  pierce  the  ears,  pierce  the 
head,  to  sound  shrill  and  penetrating;  set  the  teeth  on  edge,  to 
sound  so  as  to  produce  a  disagreeable  sensation  in  the  teeth; 
split  the  ears,  split  the  head,  to  have  a  piercing  sound. 

Cacophony — Adjectives. 

Acute.     Shrill  and  piercing. 

Cacophonous.     Having  a  disagreeable  sound. 

Coarse.     Loud  and  harsh. 

Cracked.     Harsh  and  imperfect. 

Creaking,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Discordant,    etc.     Sounding    together   out   of  harmony,   etc.     Se« 

Melody-Dissonance. 
Ear-piercing.     Sharp  and  penetrating  in  the  highest  degree. 
Gruff.     Rough  and  repulsive. 
Gram.     Harsh  and  guttural. 

Harsh.     Producing  an  unpleasant  effect  upon  the  ear. 
High.     Relatively  acute. 
Hoarse.      Having  a  rough  grating  sound. 
Horrisonous.     Producing  a  terrible  sound. 
Piercing.     Sharp  and  penetrating. 
Rough.     Loud  and  hoarse. 
Sepulchral.     Grave  and  low. 
Sharp.     Piercing  and  high  in  pitch. 
Shrill.     Intensely  sharp. 
Stridulous.     Harsh  and  grating. 
Trumpet- toned.     Very  loud  and  harsh. 


Ca'-cus,  den  of.     A  robber's  den.     Theft. 

cad.  A  vulgar,  low  fellow.  Chief-Underling,  Gen- 
tility-Democracy, Taste-Vulgarity. 

ca-das'-ter.  A  survey  of  lands.  Mensuration,  Rec- 
ord. 

ca-das'-tral.     Pertaining  to  real  estate.     Record. 

ca-dav'-er-ous.  Resembling  a  corpse.  Beauty-Ug- 
liness, Color-Achromatism,  Life-Corpse. 

cad'-dy.     A  box.     Contents-Receiver. 

cadeau  [F.]  (ca-do').     A  present.     Giving-Receiving. 

ca'-dence.  Modulation  of  voice.  Ascent-Descent, 
Movement-Rest,  Music,  Sound-Silence. 

cadenza  [It.]  (ca-den'-za) .     A  musical  flourish.    Music. 

cader  va  chi  troppo  alto  sale,  a  [It.]  (ca'-der  va  ki  trop'-po 
al'-to  sa'-16,  a) .  He  goes  to  fall  who  climbs  too  high. 
Recklessness-Caution. 

ca-det'.  A  pupil  in  a  military  academy.  Belliger- 
ent, Chief-Underling,  Infant-Veteran. 

cadge.     Act  of  begging.     Petition-Expostulation. 

cadg'-er.  A  huckster,  '  a  beggar.  Dealer,  Peti- 
tioner. 

ca'-di.     A  judge.     Judgb. 


CADMIUM. 


131 


CALL. 


cadit  qucestio  [L.]  (ke'-dit  ques'-ti-o).  The  question 
falls.     Proof-Disproof. 

cad'-mi-um.  A  bluish-white  element.  Yellowness- 
Purple,  Blueness-Orange. 

ca-du'-ce-us.  The  wand  of  Mercury.  Devotion- 
Charm. 

ca-du'-ci-ty.  Tendency  to  fall  off.  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Infancy-Age,  Lastingness-Tran- 
sientness. 

cse'-cal.     Having  an  end  closed.     Aperture-Closure. 

cas'-cum.  Cavity  open  only  at  one  end.  Aperture- 
Closure. 

ccelitus  mihi  vires  [L.]  (si'-lit-us  mai'-hai  vai'-riz). 
My  strength  is  from  heaven.     Strength-Weakness. 

Cae'-sar.     A  Roman  emperor.     Chief-Underling. 

CcBsar,  aut  nullns,  aut  [L.]  (Si'-zar,  aut  nul'-lus,  aut). 
Either  Ctesar  or  nobody.  Desire-Distaste,  Repu- 
tation-Discredit. 

Cas'-sar-ism.     Unrestricted  rule.     Tyranny-Anarchy. 

cae-su'-ra.  A  break  in  a  poetical  foot  or  verse.  Con- 
tinuity-Interruption, Interspace-Contact,  Un- 
ion-Disunion. 

ccetera  desunt  [L.]  (set'-er-u  di'-sunt).  The  remainder 
is  wanting.     Entirety-Deficiency. 

ca"-fe'.     A  coffee-house.     Dweller-Habitation. 

caf'-tan.     A  Turkish  undercoat.     Dress-Undress. 

cag.     Keg.     Contents-Receiver. 

cage.  A  place  of  confinement.  Contents-Receiver, 
Domestication- Agriculture,  Release-Prison, 
Release-Restraint. 

Ca-gli-os'-tro.  An  Italian  impostor.  Devotion-Ma- 
gician, Gull-Deceiver. 

cahotage-  [F.]  (ca-o-tazh') .  Jolting.  Heaviness- 
Lightness. 

Cain.     First  son  of  Adam.     Life-Killing. 

ca-ique'.     A  narrow  boat.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

cairn.     A  heap  of  stones.      Life-Funeral,  Sign. 

cais'-son.  A  military  box;  a  water-tight  box.  Con- 
tents-Receiter. 

cai'-tiff.  A  vile,  wicked  wretch.  Benefactor-Evil- 
doer, Gentility-Democracy,  Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

ca-jole'.     To  dupe.     Motive-Caprice. 

ca-jo'-ler-y.  Deceitful  speech.  Adulation-Dispar- 
agement, Motive-Caprice,  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

ca-jo'-ling.     Duping.     Adulation-Disparagement. 

cake.  A  baked  mass.  Cohesion-Looseness,  Solid- 
ity-Rarity. 

cal'-a-bash.  A  fruit;  a  vessel  made  of  the  fruit.  Con- 
tents-Receiver. 

ca-lam'-i-tous.  Disastrous.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

ca-lam'-i-ty.  A  misfortune.  Good-Evil,  Welfare- 
Misfortune. 

calamo  currente  [L.]  (cal'-a-mo  cur-ren'-ti) .  A  running 
pen,  a  ready  pen.     Writing-Printing. 

ca-lash'.  A  carriage;  a  cap.  Conveyance-Vessel, 
Dress-Undress. 

cal-ced'-o-ny.        Chalcedony.        Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement. 
cal"-ci-na'-tion.     Roasting.     Heating-Cooling. 
cai'-cine.     To  reduce  to  calx  by  heating.     Heating- 
Cooling. 
cal'-ci-trate .     To  kick.     Impetus-Reaction. 
cal"-ci-tra'-tion.    Act  of  kicking.      Impetus-Reaction. 
cal'-cu-late .     To  compute,  to  reckon.     Investigation- 
Answer,    Numbering,    Purpose-Luck;    calculated 
upon,  Faith-Misgiving. 
cal'-cu-la"-ted.     Computed.     Inclination,  Predeter- 
mination-Impulse. 
cal'-cu-la"-ting.      Computing;   forecasting.      Expecta- 
tion-Surprise, Investigation-Answer,  Reckless- 
ness-Caution; calculating  machine,  Numbering. 


cai'-cu-la"-tion.    Computation;  a  forecast.     Expecta- 
tion-Surprise,   Investigation-Answer,    Number- 
ing, Purpose-Luck,  Recklessness-Caution. 
cal'-cu-la"-tor.     One,  or    a    machine,  that  calculates. 

Numbering. 
cal'-cu-lus.     Calculation  by  algebraic  symbols.     Num- 
bering;  calculus  of  differences,   Numbering. 

cal'-dron.  A  boiling  pot.  Contents-Receiver,  Con- 
version-Reversion, Oven-Refrigerator,  Work- 
shop. 

caleche  [F.]  (ca-lesh').  Barouche.  Conveyance-Ves- 
sel. 

cal"-e-fac'-tion.     A  heating.     Heating-Cooling. 

calembour  [F.]  (ca-larr-bur') .     A  pun.     Ambiguity. 

cal'-en-dar.  A  table  of  lengths  of  time.  Astronomy, 
Chronology-Anachronism,  Mark-Obliteration, 
Record. 

calendas  Grcscas  [L.]  (cal-en'-das  gri'-cas).  At  the 
Greek  calends.     Duration-Neverness. 

cal'-en-der.  A  smoothing  machine.  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

cal'-en-ture.  A  tropical  fever.  Fancy,  Health-Sick- 
ness, Saneness-Lunacy. 

calf.     The  young  of  cattle.     Fauna-Flora,  Infant- 
Veteran,  Sage-Fool;  golden  calf,  Devotion-Idola- 
-  try,  Revelation-Pseudore  velation. 

Cal'-i-ban.  A  monster.  [The  Tempest.]  Beauty- 
Ugliness. 

cal'-i-ber.  Internal  diameter  of;  degree  of  mental 
power.  Aperture-Closure,  Breadth-Narrow- 
ness, Quantity-Measure,  Remoteness-Nearness, 
Sagacity-Incapacity. 

cal'-i-co.  Cotton  dress  goods.  Dress-Undress,  Ma- 
terials. 

ca-lid'-i-ty.     Heat.     Heat-Cold. 

ca'-lif.     Caliph.     Chief-Underling. 

cal'-if-ate.     The  office  of  calif.     Rule-License. 

cal-i-ga'-tion.     Darkness.     Light-Darkness. 

ca-lig'-i-nous.     Dark.     Light-Darkness. 

cal'-i-pers.  An  instrument  like  the  compass  for  meas- 
uring diameters.      Instrument,  Mensuration. 

ca'-liph.  A  title  of  the  successors  of  Mohammed. 
Chief-Underling. 

cal"-is-then'-ics.  Art  of  exercise.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Education-Misteaching. 

cal'-i-ver.     A  16th  century  hand  gun.     Weapon. 

calk.  To  make  tight  with  oakum.  Renovation- 
Relapse. 

call.  To  summon;  to  be  called  divinely;  a  visit. 
Church,  Divinity,  Duty-Dereliction,  Innocence- 
Guilt,  Management,  Motive-Caprice,  Name-Mis- 
nomer, Order,  Sign.'Sociability-Privacy;  at  one's 
call,  Activity-Inactivity,  Insubordination-Obe- 
dience; call  attention  to,  Heed-Disregard,  Sign; 
call  for,  Need,  Order,  Petition-Expostulation; 
call  forth,  Excitation,  Use-Disuse;  call  in,  Advice; 
call  in  question,  Assertion-Denial,  Faith-Misgiv- 
ing; call  into  being,  Creation-Destruction;  call 
into  notice,  Manifestation-Latency;  call  into  play, 
Use-Misuse;  call  names,  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Regard-Disrespect;  call  of  duty,  Duty- 
Dereliction;  call  off  the  attention,  Heed-Dispe- 
gard;  call  out,  Cry-Ululation,  Defiance;  call  oviri 
Numbering;  call  to,  Address-Response;  call  to 
account,  Approval-Disapproval,  Duty-Derelic- 
tion; call  to  mind,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness; 
call  to  order,  Order,  President-Member;  call  to  the 
bar,  Advocate;  call  to  the  ministry,  Minister-Laity; 
call  to  witness,  Evidence-Counterevidence;  call 
up,  Excitation,  Motive-Caprice,  Remembrance- 
Forgetfulness;  call  up  from  the  vasty  deep,  Devo- 
tion-Magic; call  upon,  Advice,  Dueness-Undue- 
ness,  Duty-Dereliction,  Motive-Caprice,  Order, 
Petition  -  Expostulation,    Sociability  -  Privacy; 


CALL. 


132 


CANDID. 


call  up  spirits,    Devotion-Magic;   within  call,   Re- 
moteness-Nearness. 
cal'-lant.     A  lad.     Infant-Veteran. 
call'-boy".     A  boy  giving  a  summons.     Acting. 
called,  so.     Called  as  stated.     Name-Misnomer,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 
call'-er.     One  who  pays  a  short  visit  to  a  person.     Ar- 
rival-Departure. 
cal"-les-thet'-ics.     Science  of  the  beautiful.     Beauty- 
Ugliness. 
cal-lid'-i-ty.    Shrewdness.    Skill-Unskilfulness. 
cal-lig'-ra-phy.  Beautiful  writing.    Writing-Printing. 
call'-ing.     Occupation.     Duty-Dereliction,  Occupa- 
tion. 

Cal-li'-o-pe .     A  muse.     Poetry-Prose. 

cal"-lis-then'-ics.  Light  gymnastics  to  promote  grace. 
Beauty-Ugliness. 

cal'-li-thump".  A  noisy  parade  or  serenade.  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness. 

cal-los'-i-ty.      Hardened  skin.     Hardness-Softness. 

•cal'-lous.  Unfeeling;  hardened.  Feeling-Insensi- 
bility, Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

eal'-lous-ness .  State  of  being  callous.  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy. 

cal'-low.  Bare;  youthful.  Dress-Undress,  Infancy- 
Age,  Infant-Veteran. 

calm.  Absence  of  emotion;  of  hurry;  of  turmoil. 
Erectness-Flatness,  Excitability-Inexcitabil- 
ity,  Hurry-Leisure,  Motive-Dehortation,  Move- 
ment-Rest, Strife-Peace,  Turbulence-Calmness  ; 
calm  before  a  storm,  Conversion-Reversion;  calm 
belief,  Faith-Misgiving. 

calm'-ness.  State  of  being  calm.  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

cal'-c-mel.     Chlorid  of  mercury.     Chemistry. 

cal"-o-res'-cence .  The  production  of  brighc  heat-rays 
from  obscure  ones.  Heating-Cooling,  Redness- 
Greenness. 

ca-lor'-ic.      Pertaining  to  heat.     Heat-Cold. 

cal"-o-rif-ic.     Pertaining  to  heat.     Heat-Cold. 

cal"-o-rim'-e-ter.   A  measurer  of  heat.   Thermometer. 

calotte  [F.]  (ca-lot')-  A  skullcap  worn  by  Catholic 
clergy.     Vestments. 

cal'-o-type.  A  method  of  taking  photographic  pic- 
tures.    Painting. 

cal'-o-yer.     A  monk.     Ministry-Laity. 

cal'-u-met.  An  Indian  tobacco-pipe.  Sign;  calumet 
of  peace,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Strife-Peace; 
calumet  of  war,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

ca-lum'-ni-ate.    Defame.    Adulation-Disparagement. 

ca-lum"-ni-a'-tor.  One  who  slanders.  Flatterer- 
Defamer. 

ca-lum'-ni-a-to-ry.  Slanderous.  Adulation-Dispar- 
agement. 

ca-lum'-ni-ous.  Slanderous.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment. 

cal'-um-ny.  False  report.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment 

Cal'-va-ry.      Place  of  Christ's  crucifixion.     Fane. 

Cal'-vin-ism.  System  taught  by  Calvin.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

Cal'-vin-ist.  Follower  of  Calvin.  Orthodoxy-Het- 
erodoxy. 

ca'-lyx.  The  outmost  series  of  leaves  of  a  flower.  Con- 
tents-Receiver. 

cam.     A  rotating  piece.     Instrument. 

camarade  [F.]  (ca-ma-rad') .     Comrade.     Friend-Foe. 

camarilla  [Sp.]  (ca-mar-il'-lya) .  A  body  of  secret  ad- 
visers.     Association. 

camarista  [Sp.]  (ca-mar-is'-ta) .  A  maid  of  honor. 
Chief- Underling. 

cambio  non  e  furto  [It]  (cam'-bi-o  non  6  fur'-to).  Ex- 
change is  no  robbery.     Exchange. 


cam'-bist.  One  who  deals  in  exchange  bills.  Dealer- 
Treasurer. 

cam-boose'.     Same  as  caboose.     Oven-Refrigerator. 

Cam'-bri-an  pe'-ri-od.  Portion  of  geological  history. 
Geology. 

cam'-bric.  A  white  cotton  or  linen  fabric.  Dress- 
Undress,  Materials. 

cam'-el.  A  ruminant  of  Asia  and  Africa.  Conveyer; 
swallow  a  camel,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness. 

cam'-e-o.  A  small  convex  stone  carved  in  relief.  Con- 
vexity-Concavity, Sculpture. 

camera  lucida  [L.]  (cam'-er-a  lu'-si-da).  An  optical  in- 
strument.    Optical  Instruments. 

camera  obscura  [L.]  (cam'-er-a  ob-sciu'-ra) .  An  opti 
cal  instrument.     Optical  Instruments. 

cam'-e-ra-ted.     Arched  over.     Contents-Receiver. 

Camilla  [L.]  (ca-mil'-la).  A  swift-footed  servant  of 
Diana.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

camisade  [F.]  (ca-mi-zad').  A  night  attack  ;  also  a  shirt 
worn  by  soldiers  to  distinguish  comrades  in  the  night- 
time.     Attack-Defense. 

camisole  [F.]  (ca-mi-zol') .  A  short  nightshirt.  Dress- 
Undress. 

camorra  [Sp.]  (ca-mor'-ra) .     A  quarrel.     Association. 

camp.  Quarters  of  a  soldiery ;  a  seat  of  action.  Dwel- 
ler-Habitation,   Establishment-Removal,  Lists. 

campagna  [It.]  (cam-pa'-nya) .  Place;  country.  Ex- 
tension-Inextension,  Gulf-Plain. 

cam-paign'.  Organized  action;  a  series  of  military 
operations.  Conduct,  Fighting-Conciliation, 
Gulf-Plain. 

cam-paign'-er.  One  who  serves  in  a  campaign.  Bel- 
ligerent. 

cam-paign'-ing.  Conducting  a  campaign.  Fighting- 
Conciliation,  Traveling- Navigation. 

cam-pan'-i-form.  Bell-shaped.  Convexity-Concav- 
ity, Roundness. 

cam"-pa-ni'-le.    A  bell-tower.    Hejght-Lowness. 

cam"-pa-nil'-i-form.  Shaped  like  a  campanile.  Round- 
ness. 

cam-pan'-u-la"-ted.    Bell-shaped.     Roundness. 

cam-pes'-tri-an.  Pertaining  to  open  fields.  Gulf- 
Plain. 

cam'-phor.  The  solidified  sap  of  an  East  Indian  tree. 
Pulpiness-Rosin. 

cam'-pus.  The  grounds  of  a  college.  Erectness- 
Flatness,  Gulf-Plain. 

Campus  Martins  [L.]  (cam'-pus  mar'-shi-us).  Place  of 
assembly  of  Romans.     Lists. 

can.  To  put  up  for  conservation ;  a  vessel ;  to  be  able. 
Conservation,  Contents-Receiver,  Might-Impo- 
tence; best  one  can,  Toil-Relaxation. 

ca"-naille'.     Rabble.     Gentility-Commonaltt. 

ca-nal'.  An  artificial  waterway.  Aperture-Closure, 
Watercourse-Airpipe,  Way. 

can"-a-lic'-u-la-ted.    Grooved.     Groove. 

ca-nard'.  A  newspaper  hoax.  Gull-Deceiver,  Tid- 
ings-Mystery. 

ca-na'-ry.     A  singing  bird.     Fauna-Flora. 

can'-can.  An  indecorous  dance.  Conversation- 
Monologue,  Entertainment-Weariness. 

can'-cel.  To  mark  out.  Commission-Abrogation, 
Mark  -  Obliteration,  Observance  -  Nonobserv- 
ance. 

can'-cel-la"-ted.    Latticed-like.    Crossing. 

can-cel'-li.     A  lattice-work.     Contents-Receiver. 

can'-cer.  A  malignant  growth;  a  constellation.  Astron- 
omy, Health-Sickness.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Remedy-Bane. 

can"-de-la'-brum.    A  candlestick.    Luminary-Shade. 

can'-dent.    Heated  to  whiteness.     Heating-Cooling. 

can'-did.     Sincere  in  speech  or  spirit;  white.     Craft- 


CANDIDATE. 


133 


CAPABILITY. 


Artlessness,  Truthfulness-Falsehood,  UPRIGHT- 
NESS-DISHONESTY, WHITENESS-BLACKNESS. 

can'-di-date.  One  who  desires  or  is  nominated  to  an 
office.     Desire-Distaste,  Petitioner. 

can'-di-da-ture.  The  state  of  being  a  candidate. 
Proffer-Refusal. 

can'-died.     Hardened.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

ran'-dle.  A  light-giving  cylinder  of  fat.  Combustible, 
Luminary-Shade;  bargain  by  inch  of  candle,  Con- 
tract; burn  candle  at  both  ends,  Extravagance- 
Avarice,  Toil-Relaxation;  candle-ends,  Gener- 
osity-Frugality, Increment-Remnant;  candle- 
holder,  Antagonist- Assistant;  candle-light,  Dim- 
ness; candlestick,  Luminary-Shade;  hold  candle  to 
the  sun,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  not  fit  to  hold 
a  candle  to,  Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

can'-dor.  Openness;  impartiality.  Craft- Artless- 
ness, Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

can'-dy.    Thickened  sugar.    Solidity-Rarity. 

cane.  A  walking-stick.  Recompense-Punishment, 
Recompense-Scourge,  Weapon. 

ca-nes'-cent.  Becoming  white.  Whiteness-Black- 
ness. 

canes  timidi  vehementius  latrant  quam  mordent  [L.] 
(ke-niz  tim'-i-dai  vi-hi-men'-shi-vs  le'-trant  quam 
mor'-dent) .  Cowardly  dogs  bark  more  fiercely  than 
they  bite.    Bravery-Cowardice,  Brawler. 

can'-hook".  An  instrument  used  for  slinging  barrels. 
Instrument. 

Ca-nic'-u-la.     The  star  Sirius.    Luminary-Shade. 

ca-nic'-u-lar.     Relating  to  Sirius.    Heat-Cold. 

ca-nine'.  Related  to  dogs.  Fauna-Flora;  canine 
appetite,  Desire-Distaste. 

cams  in  prcesepi  [L.]  (ke'-nis  in  pri-si'-pai) .  Dog  in 
the  manger.     Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

can'-is-ter.     A  metal  box.     Contents-Receiver. 

can'-ker.  Any  ulcerous  sore.  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Contentedness-Discontentment, 
Health-Sickness,  Remedy-Bane. 

can'-kered.  Infected  with  canker.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Favorite-Moroseness,  Health- 
Sickness. 

can'-ker-worm.  A  destructive  worm.  Benefactor- 
Evildoer,  Maker-Destroyer,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Remedy-Bane. 

can'-ni-bal.  One  who  eats  human  flesh.  Benefactor- 
Evildoer. 

can'-ni-bal-ism.  State  of  being  a  cannibal.  Virtue- 
Vice. 

can'-non.  A  weapon  of  war.  Impetus-Reaction, 
Lists,  Loudness-Faintness;  cannon's  mouth, 
Bravery-Cowardice,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

can"-non-ade' .  Continued  firing  of  the  cannon. 
Attack-Defense. 

can'-non-ball."  A  ball  shot  from  a  cannon.  Swiftness- 
Slowness. 

can"-non-eer'.     A  gunner.     Belligerent. 

can'-nu-lar.     Tubular.     Aperture-Closure. 

can'-ny.  Shrewd.  Craft-Artlessness,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 

r.a-noe'.  A  small  boat.  Conveyance-Vessel;  paddle 
your  own  canoe,  Liberty-Subjection. 

can'-on.     (i)   Rules  of  a  religious  order;  gorge;  a  mem 
ber  of  a  cathedral.     Ceremonial,  Faith-Misgiving, 
Interspace-Contact,    Law-Lawlessness,    Minis- 
ter-Laity, Music,  Precept. 

can'-on.  (2)  The  inspired  books  of  the  Bible.  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

ca-non'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  the  canon.  Church, 
Conventionality-Unconventionality,  Revela- 
tion-Pseudorevelation. 


ca-non'-ic-als.  Robes  prescribed  by  canon.  Dress- 
Undress,  Vestments. 

ca-non'-i-cate.    Office  of  a  canon.    Church. 

can'-on-ist.  One  skilled  in  canon  law.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy,  Theology. 

can"-on-i-za'-tion.  A  recognizing  as  part  of  the  canons; 
a  regarding  as  a  saint.     Ceremonial. 

can'-on-ize.  To  regard  as  a  saint.  Ceremonial, 
Devotion-Idolatry,  Reputation-Discredit. 

can'-on  law.    Devotion-Idolatry,  Law-Lawlessness 

can'-on-ry.     The  office  of  a  canon.     Church. 

can'-o-py.  A  suspended  covering.  Architecture, 
Cover-Lining;  the  canopy  of  heaven,  Universe. 

canorce  nugcB  [L.]  (can-o'-ri  niu'-ji).  Melodious  trifles. 
Wittiness-Dulness. 

ca-no'-rous.     Melodious.     Melody-Dissonance. 

cant.  Pietistic  talk  ;  an  inclination  ;  any  technical 
phraseology.  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Impetus- 
Reaction,  Name-Misnomer,  Parallelism-Inclina- 
tion, Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Word-Neology. 

can-tan'-ker-ous.  Given  to  wrangling.  Favorite- 
Moroseness,  Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

can-ta'-ta.  A  choral  composition.  Music;  missa  can- 
tata, Ceremonial. 

can"-ta  tri'-ce.     A  female  singer.     Musician. 

can-teen'.  A  soldier's  flask;  a  sutler's  shop.  Contents- 
Receiver,  Dweller-Habitation. 

can'-tcr,  To  cause  to  move  in  a  canter.  Swiftness- 
Slowness,  Traveling-Navigation;  win  at  a  canter, 
Difficulty-Facility. 

can'-ter-bur-y.     A  music  stand.     Contents-Receiver. 

Can'-ter-bur-y  tale.  One  of  the  tales  of  Chaucer. 
Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

can-thar'-i-des.    The  Spanish  fly.    Vigor-Inertia. 

can'-thus.     Corner  of  the  eye.     Anatomy. 

can'-ti-cle,     A  non-metrical  hymn.     Music. 

cant'-ing.  Speaking  affectedly.  Godliness-Ungodli- 
ness, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

can'-tle.     A  piece  broken  off.     Whole-Part. 

cant'-let.  A  small  piece.  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Whole-Part. 

can'-to.     A  part  of  a  large  poem.     Poetry-Prose. 

can'-ton.     A  district.     Extension-District. 

can'-ton-ment.  A  camp  for  troops.  Dweller-Habi- 
tation, Establishment-Removal. 

can'-trap.    A  charm.     Devotion-Charm. 

can'-ty.     Cheerful.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

can'-vas.  A  cloth  for  paintings;  heavy  cloth  used  for 
sails.  Painting,  Traveling-Navigation;  under 
press  of  canvas,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

can'-vass.  Act  of  soliciting;  examination.  Essay, 
Investigation-Answer,  Petition-Expostulation, 
Ratiocination-Instinct. 

can'-vass-er.     One  who  canvasses.     Petitioner. 

can"-zo-net'.    A  short  song.    Music,  Poetry-Prose. 

caout'-chouc.  India-rubber.  Elasticity-Inelastic- 
ity. 

cap.  To  complete;  a  covering;  a  hat;  to  tip;  to  salute; 
to  excel.  Completion-Noncompletion,  Cover- 
Lining,  Dress-Undress,  Height-Lowness,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness, Reprisal-Resistance, Suprem- 
acy-Subordinacy; cap  and  bells,  Wag;  cap  fits, 
Harmony-Discord;  cap  in  hand,  Petition-Expos- 
tulation, Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Regard- 
Disrespect;  cap  of  maintenance,  Scepter;  fling  up 
one's  cap,  Jubilation-Lamentation;  Fortunatus's 
cap,  Devotion-Charm;  set  one's  cap,  Blandish- 
ment, Love-Hate,  Predecessor-Continuation. 

ca"-pa-bil'-i-ty.  Power  of  performing.  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Dominance-Impotence,  Might-Impo- 
tence, Skill-Unskilfulness,  Subjectiveness-Ob- 
jectiveness. 


CAPABLE. 


134 


CARCANET. 


ca'-pa-ble.    Having  ability.    Might-Impotence,  Skill- 

Unskilfulness. 
ca-pa'-cious.  Able  to  receive.  Extension-Inexten- 
sion,  Greatness-Littleness;  capacious  memory, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 
ca-pac'-i-ty.  Power  to  receive.  Greatness-Little- 
ness, Might-Impotence,  Mind-Imbecility,  Occu- 
pation, Sagacity-Incapacity,  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness,  Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 

cap  and  bells,  wear'-er  of.     Fool.     Wag. 

cap-a-pie.  From  head  to  foot.  Entirety-Deficiency; 
armed  cap-a-pie,  Attack-Defense,  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

ca-par'-i-son.    Decorative  trappings.    Dress-Undress. 

cape.  A  sleeveless  garment  or  cloak;  a  headland. 
Convexity-Concavity,  Dress-Undress,  Height- 
Lowness. 

capella,  alia  [It.]  (ca-pel'-la,  al'-la).  Church  music. 
Music. 

ca'-per.  Frolicsomeness.  Jubilation-Lamentation, 
Spring-Dive. 

cap'-ful.  Hatful.  Magnitude-Smallness,  Quantity- 
Measure;  capful  of  wind,  River-Wind. 

ca-pil'-la-ment.     A  hairy  covering.     Lamina-Fiber. 

cap'-il-la-ry.     Hairlike.     Lamina-Fiber. 

ca-pil'-li-form.     Formed  like  a  hair.     Lamina-Fiber. 

cap'-i-tal.  Resources;  a  city;  a  large  letter;  upper  part 
of  a  column.  Affluence-Penury,  Architecture, 
City -Country,  Dweller -Habitation,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Goodness-Badness,  La- 
bor-Capital, Letter,  Money,  Top-Bottom;  capital 
punishment,  Exculpation-Conviction;  make  capi- 
tal out  of,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Gain-Loss, 
Pretext;  print  in  capitals,  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance. 

cap'-i-tal-ist.  An  owner  of  capital.  Affluence- 
Penury,  Labor-Capital. 

cap'-i-tals.   Large  letters.   Letter,  Writing-Printing. 

cap"-i-ta'-tion.     Individual  assessment.     Numbering. 

cap'-i-tol.     Any  state  house.    Attack-Defense. 

ca-nit'-u-lar.  Relating  to  an  ecclesiastical  chapter. 
Church,  Ministry-Laity. 

ca-pit'-u-late.     To  make  terms.    Yielding. 

ca-pit"-u-la'-tion.     Surrender.     Yielding. 

cap'-no-man"-cy.     Divination  by  smoke.     Prophecy. 

ca-poch'.     A  monk's  hood.     Vestments. 

ca'-pon.     A  gelded  cock.     Male-Female. 

ca"-pote'.     A  hooded  cloak.     Dress-Undress. 

cap'-ping.     Saluting.      Politeness-Impoliteness. 

capriccio  [It.]  (ca-prit'-cho) .  A  fantastic  piece  of 
music.     Music,  Persistence-Whim. 

ca-price'.  Any  sudden  change  of  mood.  Persistence- 
Whim;  out  of  caprice,  Motive-Caprice. 

ca-pri'-cious.  Whimsical.  Determination-Vacilla- 
tion, Mutability-Stability,  Periodicity-Irregu- 
larity, Persistence-Whim. 

ea-pri'-cious-ness .  State  of  being  capricious.  Per- 
sistence-Whim. 

Cap'-ri-corn.     Constellation.    Astronomy. 

cap'-ri-ole.  An  upward  leap  by  a  trained  horse. 
Sprivg-Dive. 

cap-size'.    To  upset.     Reversal,  Success-Failure. 

cap-sized'.     Upset.     Success-Failure. 

cap'-stan.  A  ship  apparatus.  Elevation-Depres- 
sion, Instrument. 

cap'-su-lar.  Pertaining  to  a  capsule.  Contents- 
Receiver,  Convexity-Concavity. 

cap'-sule.  A  shallow  dish;  a  seed  vessel.  Contents- 
Receiver,  Covering-Lining. 

cap'-tain.  A  chief  or  head.  Chief-Underling,  Man- 
ager, Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

captandum,  ad  [L.]  (cap-tan'-dum,  ad).  To  attract. 
Adulation- Disparagement,  Affectation,  Rati- 
ocination-Instinct. 


captandum  vulgus,  ad  [L.]  (cap-tan'-dum  vul'-gus,  ad). 
For  attracting  the  rabble.     Pomp. 

cap-ta'-tion.  An  attraction.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment. 

cap'-tion.  The  taking  of  a  person.  Taking-Resti- 
tution. 

cap'-tious.  Apt  to  find  fault.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Favorite-Quarrelsomeness,  Persist- 
ence-Whim. 

cap'-tious-ness.  Troublesomeness.  Politeness-Im- 
politeness.' 

cap'-ti-vate.  To  engage  the  affections.  Keeping- 
Relinquishment,  Love-Hate,  Motive-Dehorta- 
tion,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Release- 
Restraint. 

cap'-ti-va"-ted.     Charmed.     Pleasure-Pain. 

cap'-ti-va"-ting.  Fascinating.  Love-Hate,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness. 

cap'-tive.  Taken  prisoner;  enthralled  by  passion. 
Guard-Prisoner,  Love-Hate;  lead  captive,  Lib- 
erty-Subjection; make  captive,  Release-Re- 
straint. 

cap-tiv'-i-ty.  State  of  being  captive.  Release-Re- 
straint. 

cap'-tor.     One  who  captures.    Taking-Restitution. 

cap'-ture.    The  act  of  capturing.  Taking-Restitution. 

Cap"-u-chin'.    A  Franciscan  friar.    Minister-Laity. 

caput  [L.]  (ke'-put).     Head.     Council. 

caput  mortuum  [L.]  (ke'-put  mori-tiu-um) .  A  dead 
body.      Cleanness-Filthiness,    Usefulness-Use- 

LESSNESS. 

caauet  [F.]  (ca-ke').  Idle  talk.  Talkativeness- 
Taciturnity. 

car.    A  railroad  vehicle.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

car"-a-bi-neer' .     Carbineer.     Belligerent. 

car'-ack.  A  Portuguese  merchantman.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

car'-a-cole.    A  sudden  half-turn.    Spring-Dive. 

car'-a-co"-ler.  One  who  makes  caracoles.  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

caraffe  [F.]  (ca-raf).  A  glass  water-bottle.  Contents- 
Receiver. 

carambole  [F.]  (ca-ran--bol') .  Impact  of  a  cue-ball. 
Impetus-Reaction. 

car'-a-mel.  A  kind  of  sweet  candy.  Sweetness- 
Acidity. 

car'-a-pace.    Hard  case  of  animals.     Attack-Defense. 

car'-at.  A  twenty-fourth  part.  Heaviness-Light- 
ness. 

car'-a-van.  A  camel  train ;  a  company.  Conveyance- 
Vessel,  Traveling-Navigation. 

car"-a-van'-sa-ry.  An  inn  for  caravans.  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

car'-a-vel.    A  fast  galley.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

car'-bine.     A  short  rifle.     Weapon. 

car"-bo-hy'-drate.     A  class  of  chemicals.     Chemistry. 

car'-bon.  A  non-metallic  element.  Chemistry,  Com- 
bustible, Heating-Cooling. 

car-bc-na'-ceous.  Pertaining  to  carbon.  Combusti- 
ble. 

Car"-bc-na'-ro.  A  member  of  a  secret  society  of  Na- 
ples.    Insubordination-Obedience. 

car'-bon-ate.    Salt  of  carbonic  acid.    Chemistry. 

car"-bon-if'-er-ous  pe'-ri-od.  Period  in  geological  his- 
tory.    Geology. 

car'-bon-i-za"-tion.  The  act  of  carbonizing.  Heat- 
ing-Cooling. 

car'-boy.     A  large  glass  bottle.     Contents-Receiver. 

car'-bun"-cle.  A  brilliant,  red  gem;  a  boil.  Convex- 
ity-Concavity, Embellishment-Disfigurement, 
Health-Sickness,  Redness-Greenness. 

car'-ca-net.  An  ornamental  collar.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement. 


CARCASS. 


135 


CAREFULNESS— CARELESSNESS. 


car'-cass.  A  dead  body;  a  bomb.  Life-Corpse, 
Texture,  Weapon. 

car'-cel-age.     Prison-fees.     Recompense-Penalty. 

car"-ci-no'-ma.    A  cancer.    Health-Sickness. 

card.  A  piece  of  pasteboard.  Design,  Organization- 
Disorganization,  Sign;  address  cards,  Sign;  by 
the  cards,  Conventionality-Unconventionality; 
cards  to  play,  Means;  great  cards,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit; house  of  cards,  Toughness-Brittleness; 
leave  a  card,  Sociability-Privacy;  on  the  cards, 
Occurrence- Destiny,  Possibility-Impossibility, 
Vigor-Inertia;  play  one's  best  card,  Toil-Relax- 
ation; play  one's  cards,  Conduct;  play  one's  cards 
well,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  shuffle  the  cards,  Be- 
ginning-End, Mutation-Permanence,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation,  Purpose-Luck;  speak  by 
the  card,  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Phrase, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood;  throw  up  the  cards, 
Commission-Retirement;  ticklish  cards,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility; trump  card,  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Design,  Success-Failure. 

card'-case".  A  case  for  holding  cards.  Contents- 
Receiver. 

car'-di-ac.  Relating  to  the  heart.  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection. 

car-di'-ac-al.  Pertaining  to  the  heart.  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection. 

car'-di-nal.  A  church  dignitary;  a  short,  hooded 
cloak.  Church,  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Dress-Undress,  Goodness-Badness,  Ministry- 
Laity;  cardinal  point,  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance; cardinal  points,  Aim-Aberration;  cardinal 
virtues,  Virtue- Vice. 


car'-di-nal-ate.      Office   of   a   cardinal.      Revelation- 

PSEUDOREVELATldiN. 

car'-di-nal-ship.     Office  of  a  cardinal.     Revelation- 

PSEUDOREVELATION. 

car'-di-o-graph.     An  instrument  for  tracing  the  force  of 

the  action  of  the  heart.     Instrument. 
car'-di-oid.     A  heart-shaped  curve.     Curvation-Rec- 

TILINEARITY. 

cards.     A  game.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

card'-sharp"-er.     A  cheat.     Theft. 

card'-sharp"-ing.    Cheating.    Truthfulness-Fraud. 

care.  Caution;  watchfulness;  anxiety;  ground  of  care; 
solicitude.  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Gener- 
osity -  Frugality,  Occupation,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Pleasure-Pain,  Release-Re- 
straint, Sanguineness-Timidity,  Welfare-Mis- 
fortune; begone  dull  care,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection  ;  care  for,  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Conservation,  Desire-Distaste,  Love-Hate; 
drive  care  away,  Entertainment-Weariness;  for 
aught  one  cares,  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Desire-Distaste;  have  the  care  of,  Management; 
take  care,  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Reckless- 
ness-Caution; take  care  of,  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness. 

ca-reea'.  To  incline;  to  lean  over  to  repair.  Paral- 
lelism-Inclination, Renovation-Relapse. 

ca-reer'.     Procedure;  course.     Conduct,  Occupation 

care'-ful.  Attentive.  Carefulness-Carelessness, 
Generosity-Frugality. 

care'-ful-ly.    With  care.    Carefulness-Carelessness. 

care'-ful-ness.  An  exercise  of  care.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness. 


CAREFULNESS— CARELESSNESS. 


Accuracy,  etc.     See  Truth. 

Alertness,  etc.     See  Activity 

Attention,  etc.     See  Attention. 

Attention  to  detail.     Carefulness  in  small  matters. 

Care.     Solicitous  watchfulness. 

Circumspection,  etc.     See  Recklessness-Caution. 

Eyes  of  Argus.     (Fig.)    Keenness  of  sight.     [He  had  a  hundred  eyes, 

(Greek)  transferred  by  Juno  to  the  peacock's  tail.    Spenser,  Fairy 

Queen,  I,  iv,  17.] 
Forethought.     See  Prevision. 
Heed.     Serious  regard. 
Heedfulness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Uoeil  du  maitre  [F.3.     The  eye  of  the  master. 
Lookout.     An  attentive  watchfulness  for  some  object  or  event. 
Minuteness.     Great  exactness. 
Precaution,  etc.     See  Preparation. 
Prudence,  etc.     See  Recklessness-Caution. 
Scruple,  etc.     See  Uprightness. 
Solicitude.     Anxiety  of  the  mind. 
Surveillance.     Watchful  inspection. 
Tidiness.     See  Cleanness,  Regularity. 
Vigil.     Watchful  care. 
Vigilance.     Guarding  against  danger. 
Watch.     Close  and  constant  attention. 

Watch  and  ward.      Continuous  vigil  for  the  purpose  of  guarding. 
Watchfulness,  etc.      See  Adjectives. 

Carefulness —  ferbs. 

Protect,  etc.     See  Security 

Reck.     To  consider  thoughtfully. 

Watch.     To  guard  with  care  and  attention. 

I 
Carefulness — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  careful,  etc.  (see  Adjectives')',  be  heedful  (see  Adjectives);  do 
one's  best;  have  all  one's  eyes  about  one,  to  be  extremely  watchful; 
have  all  one's  wits  about  one;  have  the  eyes  open,  to  be  on  the 
lookout;  keep  a  good  lookout;  keep  an  eye  upon ;  keep  a  sharp  eye 
upon;  keep  a  sharp  lookout;  keep  in  mind;  keep  in  one's  business; 
keep  in  sight;  keep  in  view;  keep  one's  eyes  open;  keep  watch, 
to  be  on  guard:   keep  watch  and  ward,  to  keep  continuous  vigil; 


Carelessness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Default.     A  failure  to  perform  a  duty. 

Heedlessness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Improvidence,  etc.     See  Preparation-Nonpreparatiow. 

Imprudence.     Lack  of  ordinary  caution. 

Inattention,  etc.     See  Heed-Disregard. 

Inexactness,  etc.     See  Truth-Error. 

Insouciant.     Careless  unconcern. 

Laches.     Neglect  to  do  at  the  proper  time. 

Neglect.     Leaving  a  duty  undone. 

Negligence.     Habitual  non-performance  of  duty. 

Nonchalance  [F.].     Heedlessness.     See  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

Non-completion,  etc.     See  Completion-Noncompletion. 

Omission.     Something  left  undone. 

Paraleipsis.     A  pretended  omission  in  speaking. 

Recklessness,  etc.     See  Recklessness. 

Slovenliness.     See  Filthiness,  Irregularity. 

Supineness,  etc.     See  Activity-Indolence. 

Trifling.     Frivolity. 

Carelessness — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Triflcr.     One  careless  of  his  responsibilities. 

Waiter  on  Providence.     One  who  shirks  his  responsibilities,  trusting 
in  luck  or  fate  to  meet  them  for  him . 

Carelessness — Vtrbs. 

Blink.     To  dodge  one's  duty. 

Cut.     To  ignore  intentionally. 

Disregard.     To  pass  unnoticed. 

Effieurer  [F.].     To  graze;  touch  slightly. 

Forget,  etc.     See  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

Fribble.     To  treat  in  a  trifling  manner. 

Ignore.     To  consider  unworthy  of  attention. 

Jump.     To  pass  over. 

Miss.     To  pass  by. 

Omit.     To  fail  to  treat  or  observe. 

Overlook.     To  fail  to  notice. 

Pretermit.     To  fail  to  give  heed  to. 

Scamp.     To  do  in  a  half-hearted,  stint«d  manner. 

Shelve.     To  put  away  undone. 

Sink.     To  keep  out  of  sight. 

Skim.     To  regard  superficially. 


CAREFULNESS. 


136 


CAREFULNESS— CARELESSNESS. 


CAREFULNESS— CARELESSNESS—  Continued. 


CAREFULNESS— Verbal  Expressions— Continued. 

look  about  one;  look  after,  to  take  solicitous  interest  in;  look 
sharp;  look  to;  look  well  with  one's  eyes,  to  see  for  one's  ownself; 
mind  one's  business;  mind  one's  P's  and  Q's,  to  be  exact  and 
careful;  mount  guard,  to  enter  upon  guard-duty;  pay  attention 
to,  etc.  (see  Heed)  ;  pick  one's  steps,  to  act  with  caution ;  see  after; 
see  to,  to  give  close  attention  to;  set  watch,  to  station  a  guard; 
sleep  with  one  eye  open,  to  sleep  in  anticipation  of  danger;  speak 
by  the  card,  to  speak  from  sure  knowledge;  take  care,  etc.  (see 
Recklessness-Caution);  take  care  of,  to  give  oversight  and 
protection  to;  take  precaution,  etc.  (see  Preparation);  watch 
for,  etc.  (see  Expectation). 

Carefulness — Adjectives. 

Accurate,  etc.     See  Truth. 

Alert,  etc.     See  Activity. 

Argus-eyed.     Sharp-sighted.     See  above. 

Awake.     Not  asleep. 

Broad  awake.     Fully  roused  from  slumber. 

Careful.     Cautious  and  prudent. 

Cavendo  tutus  [L.].     Safe  by  taking  heed.     See  Security. 

Considerate.     Thoughtful  and  forbearing. 

Guarded.     Cautious. 

Heedful.     Regardful  of  advice  and  appearances. 

Painstaking.     Giving  careful  and  scrupulous  attention. 

Particular.     Careful  of  details. 

Provident,  etc.    See  Preparation. 

Prudent,  etc.     See  Recklessness-Caution. 

Regardful.     Closely  attentive. 

Scrupulous.     Cautious  from  cons:ientious  motives. 

Sure-footed.     Not  liable  to  stumble. 

Thoughtful,  etc.     See  Reflection. 

Tidy,  etc.     See  Cleanness,  Regularity. 

Vigilant.     Thoughtfully  watchful. 

Wakeful.     Active. 

Watchful.     Full  of  caution. 

Wide-awake,  etc.     See  Sagacity. 

Wistful.     Contemplative. 

Carefulness — Adjective  Expressions. 

On  one's  guard,  prepared  for  emergencies;  on  the  alert,  active;  on 
the  lookout,  watchful;  on  the  qui  vive,  expectant;  on  the 
watch,  on  guard;  on  the  watch  for;  taking  care,  taking  heed,  etc. 
(see  Verbs). 

Carefulness — Adverbs. 

Carefully,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Gingerly.     Cautiously;  trippingly. 
Thoughtfully,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
With  care. 

Carefulness — Phrases. 

Ni  bebas   agua  que  no  veas  [Sp.].     Look  at  the  water  before  you 

drink. 
Quis   custodiet  ipsos  custodes  T    [L.].     Who  will  guard  the  guards 

themselves  ? 


CARELESSNESS — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 
Onwary.     Careless. 
Unwatchful.     Not  on  the  watch. 
Unweighed.     Not  considered  carefully. 

Carelessness — Adjective  Expressions. 
Buried  in  a  napkin,  laid  aside;  unused  [Bible,  Luke  xix,  20];  hid 
under  a  bushel,  screened  [Bible,  Matthew  v,  15];  off  one's  guard, 
unprepared;    unattended  to;    uncared  for;    unthought  of . 

Carelessness — Adverbs. 
Anyhow.     In  a  haphazard  manner. 
Negligently,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Carelessness — Adverbial  Expressions. 
Hand  over  head;   in  an  unguarded  moment,  etc.  (see  Expectation- 
Surprise)  ;   per  incuriam  [L.],  through  carelessness. 

Carelessness— Interjections 
Let  it  pass      Give  it  not  attention 
Never  mind.     Don't  give  it  a  thought. 
No  matter.     It  is  of  little  consequence 


CARELESSNESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Skip.     To  pass  over  unnoticed. 
Slight.     To  neglect  or  pass  by. 
Slur.     To  pass  over  triflingiy. 
Trifle.     To  treat  as  unimportant. 


Carelessness — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  caught  napping;  be  negligent,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  cast  aside 
to  reject;  connive  at,  to  voluntarily  fail  to  discover  a  wrong;  dc 
by  halves,  to  do  only  half  well;  give  the  go-by  to,  to  shun;  gloss 
over,  to  hide  the  defects  of;  jump  over;  keep  out  of  sight;  lay 
aside,  to  abandon;  leave  a  loose  thread,  to  leave  in  a  slack  con- 
*  dition;  leave  out  of  one's  calculation,  not  to  take  into  consideration; 
leave  out  of  sight,  to  leave  undisclosed;  let  go,  to  desert;  let  pass, 
to  pass  unheeded;  let  slip,  to  lose  by  negligence;  let  the  grass  grow 
under  one's  feet,  to  remain  idle;  lose  sight  of,  to  miss;  miss,  to 
fail  in  an  attempt;  neglect,  to  fail  to  treat  properly,  or  to  leave 
undone;  not  attend  to,  etc.  (see  Heed);  not  mind,  to  give  no 
thought  to;  not  trouble  oneself  about;  not  trouble  oneself  with;  not 
trouble  one's  head  about;  not  trouble  one's  head  with;  pass  by, 
to  leave  untreated;  pass  over,  to  leave  unnoticed;  pay  no  regard 
to;  play  with,  to  treat  in  a  light,  frivolous  manner;  push  aside,  to 
reject;  put  aside;  put  off  one's  guard,  to  deceive  one  by  apparent 
neglect  in  competition,  etc.;  refuse  to  hear;  render  neglectful,  etc. 
(see  Adjectives);  set  aside,  to  leave  unconsidered ;  shut  one's  eyes 
to,  to  ignore;  skim  the  surface;  skip  over;  slight  (see  Regard- 
Scorn);  slipover;  slur  over;  take  a  cursory  view  of  (see  Heed)- 
take  no  account  of,  to  attach  no  importance  to;  take  no  care  of, 
to  neglect  totally;  take  no  note  of;  take  no  notice  of;  take  no 
thought  of;  throw  into  the  background,  to  abandon  as  unworthy 
of  notice;  throw  off  one's  guard,  to  deceive;  trifle  with;  turn  a 
deaf  ear  to,  to  disregard;  wink  at,  to  avoid  noticing. 

Carelessness — Adjectives. 

Abandoned.     Forsaken. 

Careless.     Unconcerned  with  responsibility. 

Heedless.     Inconsiderate;  rash. 

Improvident,  etc.     See  Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

Imprudent.     Lacking  in  proper  regard  for  consequences. 

Inattentive,  etc.     See  Heed-Disregard. 

Incircumspect.     See  Uncircumspect. 

Inconsiderate.     Disregardful. 

Inexact,  etc.     See  Truth-Error. 

Insouciant  [F.].     Heedless,  etc.     See  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

Neglected,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Neglectful.     Shiftless  in  the  performance  of  duty. 

Neglecting,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Negligent.     Given  to  omitting  duty. 

Offhand.     Impromptu. 

Perfunctory.     Done  merely  for  the  sake  of  performing  a  duty. 

Reckless,  etc.     See  Recklessness. 

Remiss.     Slack  in  duty. 

See  Verbs. 

Turned  aside. 

etc.    See   Cleanness-Filthiness,   Regularity-Irregv- 


Shelved. 
Shunted. 
Slovenly, 
larity. 
Supine,  etc.     See  Activity-Indolence. 
Thoughtless.     Characterized  by  want  of  discretion. 
Uncircumspect.     Not  cautious. 
Unexamined.     Not  investigated. 
Unexplored.     Not  searched  through. 
Unguarded.     Left  without  a  guard. 
Unheeded .     Disregarded . 
Unmarked.     Without  a  mark. 
Unmindful.     Not  retaining  in  mind. 
Unmissed.     Not  wanted. 
Unnoted.     Not  recorded. 


Unnoticed. 

Unobserved. 

TJnperceived. 

Unregarded. 

Unremarked 

Unscanned. 

Unsearched. 

Unseen 

Unsifted. 


Not  observed. 
Not  perceived. 
Not  discerned. 
Not  cared  for. 
Not  observed 
Not  scrutinized. 
Not  explored. 
Not  seen. 
Not  analyzed. 


Unstudied.      Natural. 


(Continued  on  Column  x.) 


CARELESS. 


137 


CARTILAGE. 


care'-less.  Without  care;  unconcerned;  easy;  without 
anxiety.  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Desire- 
Unconcern,  Force-Weakness,  Heed-Disregard, 
Quest-Evasion,  Unconcern. 

care'-less-ness.  State  of  being  careless.  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness. 

ca-ress'.     To  fondle.     Blandishment. 

ca-ressed'.     Fondled.     Blandishment. 

ca-res'-sing.     Fondling.     Blandishment. 

car'-et.  A  sign  indicating  omitted  words,  etc.  En- 
tirety-Deficiency, Excess-Lack. 

care'-worn".  Burdened  with  care  or  pain.  Light- 
he  artedness-Dejection,  Pleasure-Pain. 

Ca'-rey's  chick'-en,  Moth'-er.  A  stormy  petrel.  Warn- 
ing. 

car'-go.  Merchandise  taken  on  a  vessel.  Contents- 
Receiver,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Merchandise, 
Property. 

car"-i-ca-tur'-a.  Caricature.  Delineation-Carica- 
ture, Gull-Hyperbole. 

car'-i-ca-ture.  An  exaggerated  imitation  to  produce 
an  absurd  effect.  Copy  -  Model,  Delineation  - 
Caricature,  Derision,  Gull- Hyperbole,  Imita- 
tion-Originality. 

car'-i-ca-tur-ist.    Maker  of  caricatures.     Wag. 

ca'-ri-es.     Decay  of  a  bone.     Health-Sickness. 

car'-i-ole.     A  carriage.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

ca'-ri-ous.     Decayed.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

cark.     To  worry.     Pleasure-Pain. 

cark'-ing.  Causing  worry.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Pleasure-Pain. 

cark'-ing  care.  Wearing  care.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

carle.     A  rustic.     Gentility-Democracy. 

car'-man.     A  truckman.     Manager. 

Car'-mel-ite.  A  friar  of  Mount  Carmel.  Ministry- 
Laity. 

car-min'-a-tive.     A  warming.     Remedy-Bane. 

car'-mine.  A  reddish  pigment.  Redness-Green- 
ness. 

car'-nage.     Bloody  massacre.     Life-Killing. 

car'-nal.  Not  spiritual;  relating  to  bodily  appetites. 
Godliness  -  Disbelief,  Moderation  -  Selfindul  - 
gence,  Purity-Impurity. 

car-nal'-i-ty^      Sensuality. 
gence,  Purity-Impurity. 

car-na'-tion.    A  pink  flower. 

car'-ni-val.    A  gay  festival. 

NESS. 

Car-niv'-o-ra.     A  family  of  mammals.     Fauna-Flora. 

car-niv'-c-rous.  Eating  flesh.  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion. 

car'-ol.  A  song  of  joy;  a  song.  Jubilation-Lamenta- 
tion, Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Music,  Musi- 
cian. 

caro  sposo  [It.]  (ca'-ro  spo'-zo).  Dear  spouse.  Love- 
Hate. 

ca-rou'-sal.  Revelry.  Entertainment- Weariness, 
Moderation-Selfindulgence,  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion. 

ca-rouse'.  A  deep  draft;  a  feast;  to  drink  deeply.  Ad- 
mission-Expulsion, Entertainment- Weariness, 
Moderation  -  Selfindulgence,  Teetotalism  -  In  - 
temperance. 

ca-rous'-er.    Reveler.    Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

carp  at.  To  find  fault  with.  Approval-Disappro- 
val. 

carpe  diem  [L.]  (car'-pi  dai'-em).  Seize  the  oppor- 
tunity. Activity-Indolence,  Opportuneness-Un- 
suitableness. 

car'-pen-ter.     A  builder  with  wood.     Agent. 

carp'-er.     One  who  carps.     Flatterer-Defamer. 

car'-pet.  A  covering  for  floors.  Top-Bottom;  carpet 
knight.    Moderation -Voluptuary,    Presumption- 


Moderation-Selfindul- 

Redness-Greenness. 
Entertainment- We  ari- 


Obsequiousness,  Society-Dandy;  on  the  carpet, 
Conception-Theme,   Design. 

car'-pus.     The  wrist.     Anatomy. 

carre}our[F.]  (car-fur7).     Across  street.     Way. 

car'-riage.  Appearance;  conduct;  a  vehicle.  Appear- 
ance-Disappearance, Conduct,  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Conveyance-Vessel,  Conveyer,  Move- 
ment-Rest, Transfer;  keep  one's  carriage,  Society- 
Ludicrousness. 

car'-ried.  Propelled.  Carried  away  by  passion,  Ex- 
citation; carried  by  acclamation,  Assent-Dissent. 

car'-ri-er.  One  who  carries.  Conveyer;  carrier 
pigeon,  Conveyer,  Messenger. 

car'-ri-on.  Dead  flesh.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Life- 
Corpse. 

car"-ro-nade' .     A  short  ordnance  piece.     Weapon. 

car'-rot-y.  Reddish-yellow;  edible  vegetable.  Red- 
ness-Greenness. 

car'-ry.  To  influence;  conduct;  bear;  transport.  In- 
clination, Motive-Caprice,  Suspension-Support, 
Transfer;  carry  all  before  one,  Success-Failure; 
carry  a  point,  Success-Failure;  carry  by  storm,  Suc- 
cess-Failure; carry  coals,  Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness;  carry  conviction,  Faith-Misgiving;  carry  in 
the  mind,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  carry 
into  execution,  Completion-Noncompletion,  Ob- 
servance-Nonobser vance  ;  carry  matters  with  a 
high  hand,  Tyranny-Anarchy;  carry  off,  Taking- 
Restitution,  Theft;  carry  oneself,  Conduct;  carry 
out,  Completion-Noncompletion,  Conduct;  carry 
over,  Accounts,  Transfer;  carry  through,  Comple- 
tion-Noncompletion, Conduct;  carry  weight,  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Dominance-Impotence, 
Evidence-Counterevidence;  carry  with  a  high 
hand,  Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Rule-Li- 
cense, Selfrespect-Humbleness;  reap  and  carry, 
Gain-Loss. 

car'-ry-ing.    Conveying.    Swiftness-Slowness. 

car'-ry  on.  To  conduct;  to  keep  going;  to  act  badly. 
Action-Passiveness,  Conduct,  Discontinuance- 
Continuance,  Quest-Evasion;  carry  on  an  argu- 
ment, Ratiocination-Instinct;  carry  on  an  inquiry, 
Investigation-Answer;  carry  on  a  trade,  Ex- 
change; carry  on  business,  Occupation;  carry  on 
war,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

cart.  A  heavy,  two-wheeled  vehicle.  Conveyance- 
Vessel;  cart  away,  Establishment-Removal;  cart 
before  the  horse,  Regularity-Irregularity,  Re- 
versal, Skill-Unskilfulness;  cart-horse,  Con- 
veyer; cart-load,  Contents-Receiver,  Magnitude- 
Smallness;  work  like  a  cart-horsr,  Toil-Relaxa- 
tion. 

cart'-age.     The  act  of  carting.     Transfer. 

carte  [F.]  (cart).  A  card  or  paper.  Record;  carte 
blanche  [F.]  (cart  blansh),  blank  paper;  free  leave, 
Generosity-Frugality,  Leave-Prohibition;  carle 
de  visile  [F.]  (cart  de  vi-sit') ,  visiting  card,  Sign; 
carte  du  pays  [F.]  (cart  dii  pe-i')  map  of  the  country, 
Design. 

carte  and  tierce.  Positions  in  fencing.  Attack-De- 
fense. 

car'-tel.  Written  agreement  between  two  govern- 
ments;  a  challenge.  Contract,  Defiance,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation. 

cart'-er.     A  teamster.     Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

cartes  sur  table  [F.]  (cart  sur  tabl).  Acting  openly. 
Manifestation-Latency,  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

Carthago,  delenda  est  [L.]  (car-the'-go,  di-len'-da  est). 
Carthage  must  be  destroyed.  Charitableness- 
Curse. 

Car-thu'-sian.     A  monk.     Ministry-Laity. 

car'-ti-lage.  A  gristle.  Hardness-Softness,  Solid- 
ity-Rarity, Tough  ness-Brittleness. 


CARTILAGINOUS. 


138 


CASTOR. 


car"- ti-lag'-i- nous.  Like  cartilage.  Hardness-Soft- 
ness, Toughness-Brittleness. 

cart'-ing.     Hauling.     Transfer. 

car-tog'-ra-phy.  The  art  of  drawing  charts.  Delin- 
eation-Caricature. 

car-toon'.     A  design  or  drawing.     Painting. 

car-touche'.  An  ornamental  tablet;  a  cartridge  box. 
Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Weapon. 

car'-tridge.      A  charge  for  a  firearm.     Weapon. 

car'-tu-la-ry.  A  collection  of  records.  Constituent- 
Alien,  Mark-Obliteration. 

carve.  To  cut  designs  upon;  to  cut  to  pieces.  Assign- 
ment, Creation-Destruction,  Delineation-Cari- 
cature, Form-Formlessness,  Sculpture,  Union- 
Disunion;  carve  one's  way,  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion. 

car'-vel.     A  caravel.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

carV-er.     One  who  carves.     Artist. 

carv'-ing.     Carved  work.     Sculpture. 

car"-y-at'-id.       \  A  column  in  the  form  of  a  female. 

car"-y-at'-id-es.  J      Suspension-Support. 

casaque,  tourner  [F.]  (ca-sak',  tur-ne').  To  turn  one's 
coat;  change  one's  party.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Mu- 
tation-Permanence. 

cas-cade'.     A  small  waterfall.     River- Wind. 

case  (i).  The  state  of  things;  a  box;  an  action;  a 
binding;  physical  condition.  Conception-Theme, 
Condition-Situation,  Contents-Receiver,  Coun- 
cil, Cover-Lining,  Enclosure,  Health-Sickness, 
Manifestation-Latency,  Ratiocination-Instinct; 
be  the  case,  Entity-Nonentity,  Truth-Error;  case 
in  point,  Conventionality-Unconventionality, 
Harmony-Discord;  in  case,  Condition-Situation, 
Hypothesis,  Occurrence-Destiny;  in  good  case, 
Health-Sickness,  Welfare-Misfortune;  make 
out  a  case,  Dueness-Undueness,  Evidence-Coun- 
terevidence. 

case  (2).     A  grammatical  distinction.     Noun. 

case'-hard"-en.  To  render  insensible  to  outside  influ- 
ences.    Habit-Desuetude,  Strength-Weakness. 

case'-hard"-ened.  Hardened  against  good  influences. 
Feeling-Insensibility,  Persistence-Whim,  Sensi- 
tiveness-Apathy. 

case'-mate.  A  vaulted  chamber.  Attack-Defense, 
Dweller-Habitation. 

case'-ma"-ted.  Furnished  with  casemates.  Attack- 
Defense. 

case'-ment.  The  sash  of  a  window.  Aperture-Clo- 
sure. 

ca-sern'.  A  barrack  for  soldiers.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

cash.  Current  money;  payment;  Chinese  coin.  Money, 
Settlement-Default,  Values;  cash  account,  Ac- 
counts; in  cash,  Affluence-Penury. 

cash'-book".  Book  containing  the  cash  account. 
Treasurer. 

cash-ier'.  To  dismiss;  a  custodian  of  money.  Com- 
mission-Abrogation.    Treasurer. 

cash'-keep"-er.     Cashier.     Treasurer. 

cash'-mere.     A  fine  woolen  dress- fabric.     Dress-Un- 

i    dress. 

ca'-sing.  The  framework  of  a  window.  Cover-Lin- 
ing. 

ca-si'-no.     A  public  resorting  place.     Association. 

cask.  A  barrel-shaped  wooden  vessel.  Contents- 
Receiver,  Measure. 

cas'-ket.     A  small  box  or  chest.     Contents-Receiver. 

casque.  A  helmet.  Attack-Defense,  Dress,  Un- 
dress. 

Cas-san'-dra.  A  Trojan  prophetess.  Soothsayer, 
Warning. 

cas-si'-no.    Casino.    Entertainment-Weariness. 

cas'-sock.  A  long  clerical  coat.  Dress-Undress, 
Vestments. 


cast.  To  throw;  to  form;  to  calculate;  appearance; 
mien.  Affections,  Appearance-Disappearance, 
Assignment,  Choice -Rejection,  Color -Achro- 
matism, Copy-Model,  Design,  Elevation-Depres- 
sion, Exculpation-Conviction,  Form-Formless- 
ness, Gathering-Scattering,  Giving-Receiving, 
Inclination,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Push-Pull, 
Sculpture;  cast  about  for,  Trial;  cast  accounts,  Ac- 
counts; cast  adrift,  Admission-Expulsion,  Commis- 
sion-Abrogation, Gathering-Scattering,  Re- 
lease-Restraint; cast  a  gloom,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection;  cast  a  nativity,  Devotion-Magic, 
Prophecy; cast  anchor,  Arrival-Departure,  Move- 
ment-Rest; cast  a  shade,  Light-Darkness;  cast 
aside,  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Keeping-Re- 
linquishment;  cast  a  slur,  Justification-Charge, 
Reputation-Discredit;  cast  a  spell,  Devotion- 
Magic,  Volition-Obligation;  cast  aspersions,  Adu- 
lation-Disparagement; cast  away,  Choice-Rejec- 
tion, Keeping-Relinquishment,  Provision- Waste, 
Success-Failure;  cast  away  care,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection;  cast  behind  one,  Keeping-Relin- 
quishment, Proffer-Refusal,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness;  cast  dishonor  upon,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit; cast  down,  Elevation-Depression,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection;  cast  eyes  on,  Sight- 
Blindness;  cast  in  a  different  mold,  Reprisal-Re- 
sistance ;  cast  in  one's  lot  with,  Choice-Neutrality; 
cast  in  the  same  mold,  Likeness-Unlikeness;  cast 
iron,  Hardness-Softness;  cast  lots,  Purpose-Luck; 
cast  luster  upon,  Light-Darkness;  cast  of  counte- 
nance, Appearance-Disappearance;  cast  off,  Com- 
mission-Abrogation, Dress-Undress,  Keeping- 
Relinquishment;  cast  off  a  habit,  Habit-Desue- 
tude; cast  off  clothes,  Usefulness-Uselessness; 
cast  of  the  dice,  Rationale-Luck;  cast  of  the  mind, 
Affections;  cast  one's  net,  Trial;  cast  overboard, 
Use-Misuse;  cast  reflection  upon,  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement; cast  the  eyes  back,  Future-Past;  cast 
the  eyes  over,  Heed-Disregard;  cast  the  parts,  Or- 
ganization-Disorganization; cast  the  skin,  Dress- 
Undress;  cast  to  the  dogs,  Creation-Destruction, 
Use-Disuse;  cast  up,  Admission-Expulsion,  Num- 
bering, Occurrence-Destiny;  set  on  a  cast,  Pur- 
pose-Luck. 

cas'-ta-net.  An  instrument  rattled.  Musical  In- 
struments. 

cast'-a-way.  A  reprobate;  one  wrecked.  Good  Man- 
Bad  Man,  Sociability-Privacy. 

caste.  An  hereditary  or  artificial  division.  Division, 
Reputation-Discredit;  lose  caste,  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

cas'-tel-lan.  Keeper  of  a  castle.  Chief-Underling, 
Guard-Prisoner. 

cast'-er.  A  cruet  for  condiments;  a  roller.  Contents- 
Receiver,  Revolution-Evolution. 

cas'-ti-gate.  To  punish  sharply.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Recompense-Punition. 

cas"-ti-ga'-tion.  Whipping.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Recompense-Punition. 

cas'-ti-ga"-tor.    A  punisher.    Flatterer-Defamer. 

cast'-ing  vote.  Deciding  vote.  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment;  casting  weight,  Compensation,  Equality- 
Inequality. 

cas'-tle.  A  strong  fortress;  a  chess  block;  a  habita- 
tion. Attack-Defense,  Commutation-Permuta- 
tion, Dweller-Habitation;  castle  in  the  air,  Fancy, 
Possibility  -  Impossibility,  Sanguineness  -  Hope- 
lessness. 

Cas'-tle  of  In'-do-lence.  A  castle  in  the  land  of  Drowsi- 
ness.    [Thompson.]     Activity-Indolence. 

cast'-ling.    Abortion.    Commutation-Permutation. 

cas'-tor.     A  beaver  hat.     Dress-Undress. 


CASTOR  AND  POLLUX. 


139 


CATHOLIC. 


Cas'-tor  and  Pol'-lux.  Twin  sons  of  Jupiter.  Duality, 
Friend-Foe. 

cas"-tra-me-ta'-tion.  The  laying  out  of  a  camp. 
Dweller-Habitation,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

cas'-trate.  To  remove  the  sexual  organs.  Addition- 
Subtraction,  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Might-Im- 
potence. 

cas'-u-al.  Accidental.  Certainty-Doubt,  Ration- 
ale-Luck. 

cas'-u-al-ly.  Unexpectedly.  Purpose-Luck,  Ration- 
ale-Luck. 

-las'-u-al-ty.  A  chance;  a  fatal  accident.  Good-Evil, 
Life-Killing,  Occurrence-Destiny,  Position, 
Rationale-Luck,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

cas'-u-ist.  An  expert  in  casuistry.  Ratiocination- 
Instinct. 

c.as"-u-is'-tic-al.  Pertaining  to  casuistry.  Duty- 
Dereliction. 

cas'-u-ist-ry.  Sophistical  reasoning.  Duty-Derelic- 
tion, Ratiocination-Casuistry. 

casus  belli  [L.]  (ke'-sus  bel'-lai).  Cause  of  war.  Ex- 
citation, Favorite-Anger,  Variance-Accord. 

casus  foederis  [L.]  (ke'-sus  fed'-er-is).  Cause  of  treaty. 
Contract. 

cat.  A  domestic  animal.  Fauna-Flora,  Recom- 
pense-Scourge, Sight-Blindness;  as  the  cat  jumps, 
Occurrence-Destiny;  cat  and  dog  life,  Variance- 
Accord;  catcall,  Approval-Disapproval,  Musical 
Instruments;  cat  in  pattens,  Conduct;  cat-o'-nine- 
tails, Recompense-Scourge;  cat's  concert,  Melody- 
Dissonance;  cat's  cradle,  Crossing;  cat's  paw,  An- 
tagonist-Assistant, Gull-Deceiver,  Instrumen- 
tality, Use-Disuse;  gib-cat,  Male-Female;  let  cat 
out  of  bag,  Exposure-Hidingplace;  rain  cats  and 
dogs,  River- Wind;  see  how  the  cat  jumps,  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Prevision,  Recklessness-Caution; tom- 
cat, Male-Female. 

cat"-a-chre'-sis.  Misuse  of  a  word;  bad  use  of  meta- 
phors. Interpretation-Misinterpretation, Trope. 

cat"-a-chres'-tic-al.     Far-fetched.     Trope. 

cat'-a-clysm.  A  flood.  Creation-Destruction,  Rev- 
olution, River- Wind. 

cat'-a-comb.  An  underground  burial  gallery.  Life- 
Funeral. 

catadupe  [F.j  (ca-ta-dup') .    A  waterfall.     River- Wind. 

cat'-a-falque.     A  draped  funeral  car.     Life-Funeral. 

cat"-a-lec  -tic.  Lacking  a  syllable  to  complete  a  verse. 
Movement-Rest,  Poetry-Prose. 

cat'-a-lep-sy.  A  sudden  suspension  of  action.  Move- 
ment-Rest. 

cat'-a-logue.  A  list  of  names  with  method.  Organ- 
ization-Disorganization, Record. 

catalogue  raisonne  [F.]  (ca-ta-log'  re-zo-ne').  List  of 
books.     Account,  Record. 

cat-al'-y-sis.  Contact-action.  Composition-Resolu- 
tion. 

cat"-a- ma-ran'.  A  vessel  of  logs  adapted  to  fighting. 
Belligerent,  Conveyance-Vessel. 

cat'-a-plasm.     A  poultice.     Remedy-Bane. 

cat'-a-pult.     A  military  engine.     Push-Pull,  Weapon. 

cat'-a-ract.  A  flood  of  water;  an  affection  of  the  eye. 
River- Wind,  Sight-Blindness,  Sight-Dimsighted- 
ness. 

ca-tarrh'.  An  affection  of  the  nose  and  throat.  Nu- 
triment-Excretion. 

cat-as'-tro-phe.  Calamity.  Completion-Noncomple- 
tion,  Good-Evil,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

cat'-call".     A  shrill  call  or  whistle;  an  instrument  for 

? reducing    thi  •■    sound.     Cry-Ululation,    Musical 
nstruments,  Variance-Accord. 
catch.     To  perceive  clearly;  to  overtake;   that  which 
seizes;  a  snatch;  gain;  a  scrap  of  song.     Clearness- 
Obscurity,   Connective,    Discovery,   Giving-Re- 
ceiving,  Imitation-Originality,   Music,   Taking- 


Restitution,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  by  catches, 
Continuity-Interruption  ;  catch  a  disease,  H  ealtii  - 
Sickness;  catch  a  glimpse,  Sight-Blindness;  catch 
a  likeness,  Delineation-Caricature;  catch  an  idea, 
Sagacity-Incapacity;  catch  a  sound,  Hearing- 
Deafness;  catch  at,  Desire-Distaste,  Readiness- 
Reluctance,  Taking-Restitution;  catch  a  Tartar, 
Gull-Deceiver,  Interspace-Contact,  Reprisal- 
Resistance;  catch  at  a  straw,  Credulousness- 
Skepticism,  Overvaluation  -  Undervaluation, 
Recklessness-Caution,  Sanguineness-Hopeless- 
ness,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  catch  by  surprise,  Ex- 
pectation-Surprise; catch  fire,  Heating-Cooling; 
catch  in  a  trap,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  catch  one's 
death,  Life-Death;  catch  the  attention,  Heed- 
Disregard;  catch  the  breath,  River-Wind;  catch 
the  ear,  Hearing-Deafness;  catch  the  eye,  Visi- 
bility-Invisibility; catch  the  infection,  Emotion, 
Excitation;  catch  tripping,  Discovery;  catch  up, 
Taking-Restitution;  no  great  catch,  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness. 

catch'-ba'-sin.  A  basin  for  catching  coarse  matter 
not  easily  floated  off  in  the  sewer.  Contents- 
Receiver. 

catch'-drain" .  A  drain  made  on  a  slope  to  catch  the 
surface-water.  Contents-Receiver,  Watercourse- 
Airpipe. 

catch'-ing.        Infectious.        Health:ness-Unhealthi- 

NESS. 

catch'-pen"-ny.  Made  to  sell.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Costliness-Cheapness.  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

catch'-poll".    A  bailif.     Judicature. 

catch'-word".     A  popular  word.     Sign. 

cat"-e-chet'-i-cal.  Pertaining  to  questions  and  an- 
swers.    Investigation-Answer. 

cat'-e-chism.  A  collection  of  answers  showing  relig- 
ious truth  or  creed.  Faith -Misgiving,  Investi- 
gation-Answer; church  catechism,  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

cat'-e-chist.  One  who  catechizes.  Investigation- 
Answer. 

cat'-e-chize.  To  instruct  in  the  elements  of  religion. 
Investigation-Answer. 

cat"-e-chu'-men.  A  religious  beginner.  Instructor^ 
Pupil,  Ministry-Laity. 

cat"-e-go-re'-ma.     Predicate.     Division. 

cat"-e-gor'-ic-al.  Absolute.  Assertion-Denial,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Proof-Disproof. 

cat"-e-gor'-ic-al-ly  true.  Unconditionally  true.  Truth- 
Error. 

cat'-e-go"-ry.  Highest  class  to  which  objects  of  knowl- 
edge can  be  reduced.  Condition-Situation,  Divi- 
sion; in  the  same  category,  Connection-Independ- 
ence. 

cat'-e-na-ry.     A  curve.     Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

cat"-e-na'-tion.  A  chain-like  series.  Continuity-In- 
terruption. 

ca'-ter.  To  provide  food  for  entertainments.  Pro- 
vision-Waste. 

ca'-ter-er.     A  purveyor.     Provision-Waste. 

ca'-ter-ess.     A  female  caterer.     Provision-Waste. 

cat'-er-waul.  A  cat-like  cry.  Blandishment.  Cry- 
Ululation,  Melody-Dissonance. 

cat'-er-waul"-ing.     Cat-cry.     Melody-Dissonance. 

cates.     Food;  provisions.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

cat'-gut-scra"-per.     A  violinist.     Musician. 

ca-thar'-tic.     Purgative.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

cathedra,  ex  [L.]  (ca-thi'-dra,  ex).  From  the  chair. 
Assertion-Denial,  Presumption-Obsequiousness, 
Rule-License,  School. 

ca-the'-dral.     A  chief  church  of  a  diocese.     Fane. 

cath'-c-lic.  Not  heretical;  universal  in  reach.  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness,  Universality-Particularity; 


CATHOLICAL. 


140 


CAUSE. 


Catholic  Church,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy;  Roman 
Catholic  Church,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

ca*thol'-ic-al.  Catholic.  Universality-Particular- 
ity. 

Ca-thol'-i-cism.  Orthodox  faith;  liberality  of  senti- 
ment. Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Universality- 
Particularity. 

cath"-o-lic'-i-ty.  Breadth;  acceptance  by  the  whole 
Church.  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Universality- 
Particularity. 

ca-thol'-i-con     A  panacea.    Remedy-Bane. 

Cat'-i-line.  A  Roman  conspirator.  Uprightness- 
Rogue. 

cat'-nip".  An  aromatic  herb  used  as  a  stimulant. 
Odor-Inodorousness,  Remedy-Bane. 

cat-op'-sL.     Clear  sight.     Sight-Blindness. 

cat-op'- tries.  The  science  that  investigates  the  reflec- 
tion of  light.     Light-Darkness. 

ca-top'-tro-man-'-cy.  Divination  by  a  mirror.  Proph- 
ecy. 

cat'-tle.  Bovine  animals.  Conveyer,  Fauna-Flora; 
cattle  truck,  Conveyance-Vessel. 

Cau-ca'-sian,  One  of  the  Indo-European  race.  Eth- 
nology. 

Cau-ca'-sian  mys'-ter-y.  Mystery  of  the  Caucasian 
peoples.     Theology. 


cau'-cus.     A  private  meeting.     Council. 

cau'-dal.  Pertaining  to  the  tail.  Anteriority-Pos 
teriority,  Beginning-End. 

cau'-date.     Having  a  tail.     Suspension-Support. 

cau'-dex.  A  stem.  Suspension-Support,  Top-Bot- 
tom. 

cauf.  A  chest  for  fish.  Domestication- Agricul- 
ture. 

caulk.     To  make  tight.     Renovation-Relapse. 

causa  causans  [L.]  (cau'-za  cau'-zans).  Underlying 
principle.     Cause-Effect. 

caus'-al  con-junc'-tion.  Conjunction  indicating  causal 
relations.     Particle. 

causas,  jelix  qui  potuit  rerum  cognoscere  [L.]  (cau'-zas, 
fi'-lix  quai  pot -iu-it  ri'-rum  cog-nos'-ser-i) .  Happy 
he  who  is  able  to  ascertain  the  causes  of  things 
Cause-Effect. 

cau-sa'-tion.    Act  of  causing.    Agency,  Cause-Effect. 

causa  vera  [L.]  (cau'-za  vi'-ra).  The  real  cause. 
Cause-Effect.  - 

cause.  An  efficient  agent;  a  legal  action.  Cause- 
Effect,  Creation-Destruction,  Litigation; 
caused  by,  Cause-Effect;  final  cause,  Purpose- 
Luck;  take  up  the  cause  of,  Obstruction-Help; 
tell  the  cause  of,  Interpretation-Misinterpreta- 
tion. 


CAUSE— EFFECT. 


Agent.     An  active  power,  or  efficient  cause  of  anything. 

Causa  causans  [L.].     The  causing  cause. 

Causality.     The  active  power  of  a  cause. 

Causation.     The  act  of  producing. 

Cause.     That  which  brings  about  a  result. 

Derivation.     Act  of  drawing  from  or  causing  to  be. 

Final  cause.     See  Purpose. 

Fons  et  origo  [L.].     The  source  and  origin. 

Genesis.     The  act  of  bringing  anything  into  existence. 

Mainspring.     The  making  cause  of  action. 

Occasion.     The  reason  to  be. 

Origin.     That  from  which  anything  first  proceeds. 

Origination.     Primary  production. 

Primum  mobile  [L.].     First  cause  of  motion. 

Production.       Coming  into  existence. 

Proximate,  cause.     An  immediately  preceding  cause. 

Reason.     The  producing  cause. 

Reason  why.     Cause  of  being,  or  acting. 

Remote  cause.     A  cause  far  removed  from  its  result. 

Source.     That  from  which  anything  takes  its  being. 

Spring.     An  active,  producing  power. 

Spring-head .     Source . 

Vera  causa  [L.].     The  true  cause. 

Why  and  wherefore.     The  efficient  reason. 

Cause — Associated  Nouns. 

Author.     One  who  begins,  forms,  or  originates. 

Birthplace.     Environment  or  location  at  the  time  of  being  born. 

Bud.     An  undeveloped  stem  or  branch;  hence,  the  earliest  part  of 

anything. 
Cradle.     An  infant's  bed;  hence,  place  of  origin. 
Descent.     See  Parentage. 
Egg.     That  which  contains  a  germ,  or  origin. 
Element.     The  first  principle  of  a  thing. 
Embryo.     The  germ  of  anything. 
Etymon.     The  root  of  a  word. 
Font.     A  source  or  fountain. 
Foundation,  etc.     See  Suspension-Support. 
Fountain.     The  source  of  a  stream. 

Fountain-head.      Source  of  a  stream;  hence,  an  originating  cause. 
Germ.     The  rudimentary  vital  element. 
Ground.     The  support  or  foundation. 
Groundwork.     That  on  which  anything  is  built. 
Hinge.     The  pivotal  point  on  which  anything  depends  for  its  effect 

or  cause. 
Hotbed.     A  place  or  condition  favoring  rapid  growth. 
Key.     That  which  opens  or  prepares  a  way ;  as  in  a  lock. 
Leaven.     Anything  that  works  a  general  change;  as  in  dough. 
Lever.     That  which  exerts,  or  through  which  one  may  exert,  great 

r*ower. 


Consequence.     A  more  remote  effect. 
Denouement  [F.].     The  unraveling  of  the  plot. 
Derivation.     Act  of  receiving  from  a  source. 
Derivative.     Anything  derived  from  another. 
Development.     The  growth  from  a  cause. 
Effect.     The  immediate  outcome  of  a  cause. 
End.     The  result  or  effect  of  work.     See  Beginning-End. 
Issue.     Outcome. 

Outgrowth.     A  result  or  consequence. 

Result.     The  most  remote  and  comprehensive  outcome  of  any  cause 
or  causes. 


Resistance,!   . 


result. 


Resultant. 

Upshot.     Final  outcome. 

E  f  f  ec  t — Denotations. 

Bud.     The  earliest  growth  of  a  stem  or  branch. 

Creation.     The  act  of  God  in  bringing  the  world  into  existence. 

Creature.     That  which  has  been  created. 

Crop.     Things  produced  or  grown. 

Fabric.     Something  that  has  been  constructed  or  put  together. 

First-fruit.     The  first  outcome,  result,  or  reward  of  anything. 

Firstling.     The  first  born  of  a  flock. 

Fruit.     The  growth  from  the  seed  of  plants. 

Handiwork.     The  result  of  one's  work. 

Harvest.     The  crop. 

Offshoot.     Something  that  branches  off  from  a  parent  stock. 

Offspring.     A  descendant. 

Performance.     The  result  of  work. 

Premises.     First-fruits. 

Work.     Result  achieved  by  labor. 

Effect — Verbal  Expressions, 

Accrue  from,  to  accumulate;  arise  from;  be  due  to, be caused  by;  be 
ovii.g  tu;  be  the  effect  of,  etc.  (see  Nouns) ;  bud  from;  come  from,  to 
have  origin  in ;  come  of,  to  be  derived  from ;  come  out  of;  come  to 
to  aggregate  to;  depend  upon,  t<  rely  upon  for  support  or  existence. 
derive  its  origin  from;  emanate  from,  to  go  out  from;  flow  from 
foil  )w  from;  germinate  from;  grow  from;  hang  upon;  hinge  upon, 
to  be  subject  to  a  governing  principle;  issue  from;  originate  from; 
originate  in;  proceed  from;  result  from;  rise  from;  spring  from,  to 
have  birth  or  origin  in;  sprout  from,  to  develop  from,  as  a  plant; 
sow  the  wind  and  reap  the  whirlwind,  to  suffer  the  consequences  of 
error;  take  its  rise  from,  to  have  its  beginning;  take  the  conse- 
quences, to  assume  responsibility  for  the  outcome ;  turn  upon. 

Effect — A  djectives. 

Derivative.     Not  original. 

Hereditary.     Passing  naturally  from  parent  to  child. 


CAUSE. 


141 


CAVALCADE. 


CAUSE— EFFECT— Continued. 


CAUSE — Associated  Nouns — Continued. 

Nest.     The  habitation  of  a  bird,  prepared  for  rearing  its  young. 

Nidus  [L.].     A  nest. 

Nucleus.     The  germ  or  seed. 

Nursery.     A  place  where  the  growth  of  anything  is  promoted. 

Occasioner.     One  who  or  that  which  causes  anything. 

Pivot.     That  on  which  anything  depends  for  its  cause  or  effect. 

Prime  mover.     The  leader  or  cause  of  anything. 

Principle.     The  source  or  cause  from  which  a  thing  proceeds. 

Radical.     Essential  nature. 

Radix  [L.].     A  root. 

Rationale.     The  logical  basis  of  a  statement. 

Root.     That  from  which  anything  derives  origia 

Rudiment.     The  germ. 

Seed.     That  from  which  a  plant  grows. 

Stirps.     A  source  of  property-descent. 

Stock.     The  main  stem  of  a  tree. 

Tap-root.     The  principal  root  of  a  plant. 

Trunk.     The  main  body  of  a  tree. 

Turning-point.     The  place  or  time  from  which  a  force  or  conduct 

takes  a  different  course. 
Undercurrents.     Silent  or  unseen  sources. 
Well.     A  source  of  water. 
Womb.     The  organ  in  which  young  are  developed. 


Effect — Adjective  Expressions. 


Caused  by,  etc.  (see  Cause)  ;  dependert  upon;  derivable  from;  derived 
from;  due  to;  evolved  from;  owing  to;  resulting  from,  etc.  (sea 
Verbs). 

Effect — Adverbs. 

Consequently.     As  a  natural  result. 
Eventually.     Ultimately;  at  last. 
Naturally.     Following  the  rule  or  law. 
Necessarily.     Inevitably. 
Through.     To  a  termination. 

Effect — Adverbial  Expressions. 

All  along  of,  because  of;  as  a  consequence;  in  consequence,  for  this 
reason;  it  follows  that;  of  course,  as  a  matter  of  common  sequence 
or  necessity. 

Effect — Phrases. 

Cela  va  sans  dire  [P.],  that  goes  without  saying;  thereby  hangs  a 
tale. 


Cause — Verbs. 

Broach.     To  open  primarily. 

Cause.     To  produce;  to  be  the  reason  for  a  result. 

Contribute.     To  participate  in  the  bringing  about  of  a  result. 

Create,  etc.     See  Creation. 

Decide.     To  fix  the  result  of. 

Determine.     To  shape  the  character  of.~ 

Elicit.     To  bring  forth. 

Entail.     To  fix  as  an  inevitable  result  on  a  person  or  thing. 

Evoke.     To  bring  into  play;  to  call  forth. 

Found.     To  set  up;  to  establish. 

Induce.     To  bring  about. 

Institute.     To  begin. 

Kindle.     To  arouse. 

Occasion.     To  move;   to  incite. 

Operate.     To  work  an  effect  upon. 

Originate.     To  bring  into  being. 

Procure.     To  bring  on;  to  manage. 

Produce.    To  bring  forth;  to  cause  to  follow  as  a  natural   conse- 


quence. 
Provoke. 
Set  afloat. 
Set  afoot. 


To  instigate. 
To  put  in  action. 

To  start  in  motion. 
Set  up.     To  begin,  as  something  new. 
Superinduce.     To  bring  on  additionally. 
Suscitate.     To  rouse  into  action  or  being. 

Cause — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  the  cause  of,  be  the  reason  of,  etc.  (see  Nouns);  bring  about,  to 
effect;  bring  on,  to  bring  into  existence;  bring  to  pass,  to  accom- 
plish; conduce  to,  etc.  (see  Inclination);  derive  its  origin  (see 
Cause-Effect);  draw  down;  give  occasion  to;  give  origin  to; 
give  rise  to,  to  occasion;  have  a  common  origin;  have  a  finger  in 
the  pie,  to  be  implicated  in ;  have  a  hand  in  the  pie ;  lay  the  founda- 
tion of;  lie  at  the  root  of;  open  the  door  to;  sow  the  seeds  of, 
to  start;  turn  the  scale,  to  decide  the  result  of. 


CAUSE—  Continued. 

Cause — Adjectives. 

Aboriginal.     Of  or  pertaining  to  the  first. 

Causal.     Productive  of  a  result. 

Caused,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Connate.     Of  common  birth. 

Embryonic.     Rudimentary. 

Embryotic.     In  the  earliest  stage  of  development. 

Germinal.     Of  the  nature  of  a  germ. 

Original.     First  of  its  kind. 

Originated,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Primary.     Earliest. 

Primitive.     Pertaining  to  the  beginning,  or  first  state. 

Primordial.     Of  the  first  order. 

Radical.     Pertaining  to  the  root,  or  foundation. 

Seminal.     Pertaining  to  the  seed,  or  first  development. 

Cause — Adjective  Expressions. 

At  the  bottom  of,  the  chief  cause  of;  having  a  common  origin;  in 
embryo,  in  an  inceptive  state;  in  ovo  [L.],  in  embryo. 

Cause — Adverbial  Expressions. 

Because,  etc.     See  Rationale. 

Behind  tile  scenes.     Familiar  with  the  hidden  cause. 

C  a  u  s  e — Phrases . 

Felix  qui  potuit  rerutn  cognosctre  causas   [L.JJ.      Happy  he  who  is 

able  to  ascertain  the  causes  of  things. 
Last  straw  that  breaks  the  camel's  back.     The  ultimate  cause  of 

defeat  or  downfall. 
Les  dessous  des  cartes  [F.].     The  secrets  of  an  affair. 


caused.     Effected.      Cause-Effect. 

cause'-less.  Groundless;  uncaused.  Purpose-Luck, 
Rationale-Luck. 

causerie  [F.]  (coz-ri')-  Talk.  Conversation-Mono- 
logue. 

cause'-way".     A  raised  road.     Way. 

cau-sid'-ic-al.      Pertaining  to  a  lawsuit.     Judicature. 

caus'-tic.  Sarcastic;  stinging;  corroding.  Charita- 
bleness-Uncharitableness,  Curvation-Recti- 
linearity,  Emotion,  Heating-Cooling,  Pleasura- 
bleness-Painfulness,  Vigor-Inertia. 

caus-tic'-i-ty.     State  of  being  caustic.     Vigor-Inertia. 

cau'-tel.     Caution.     Recklessness-Caution. 

cautela.    ex   abundanti  [L.]   (cau-ti'-la,  ex   ab-un-dan'- 


tai) .  Out  of  abundant  caution.  Security-Inse- 
curity. 

cau"-ter-i-za'-tion.  Process  of  making  callous.  Heat- 
ing-Cooling. 

cau'-ter-ize.     To  sear  by  burning.     Heating-Cooling. 

ca.u'-ter-y.     A  searing  by  caustic.     Heating-Cooling. 

cau'-tion.  Care  to  avoid  misfortune;  a  warning.  Se- 
curity, Warning;  want  of  caution,  Recklessnt^ss- 
Caution. 

cau'-tion-a-ry.     Admonitory.     Warning. 

cau'-tious-ness.     Carefulness.     Warning. 

cav"-al-cade\  A  company  of  riders.  Continuity- 
Interruption,  Traveling-Navigation. 


CAVALIER. 


142 


CENTER. 


cav"-a-lier'.  A  gallant;  haughty;  offhand;  a  lover; 
a  horseman.  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness, Recklessness-Caution,  Re- 
gard-Scorn, Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

cavaliere  servente  [It.]  (ca-va-li-e'-r£  ser-ven'-t6) .  A 
cavalier  servant;  a  lover.  Love-Hate,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness. 

cav'-al-ry.  Troops  trained  for  fighting  on  horseback. 
Belligerent. 

ca"-va-ti'-na.     A  simple  air.     Music. 

cave.  A  natural  cavity  in  the  earth.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Convexity-Concavity,  Dweller-Habita- 
tion, Outside-Inside;  cave  in,  Convexity-Concav- 
ity, Transcursion-Shortcoming,  Yielding;  cave 
of  Adullam,  Contentedness-Discontentment, 
Quest-Abandonment;  cave  of  despair,  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection,  Sanguinen ess-Hopelessness; 
cave  of  Eolus,  River- Wind. 

ca'-ve-at.     A  legal  caution.     Order,  Warning. 

caveat  actor  [L.]  (ke'-ve-at  ac'-tor).  Let  the  doer  be- 
ware.    Warning. 

caveat  emptor  [L.]  (ke'-ve-at  emp'-tor).  Let  the  buyer 
beware.     Buying-Sale,  Contract. 

cav'-en-dish.  A  brand  of  American  tobacco.  Pun- 
gency, Sweetness-Acidity. 

cavendo  tutus  [L.]  (ca-ven'-do  tiu'-tus).  Safe  through 
caution.  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Reckless- 
ness-Caution, Security-Insecurity.  ' 

cave  quid  dicis,  quando,  ct  cui  [L.]  (ke'-vi  quid 
dai'-sis,  quan'-do,  et  kai).  Beware  what  you  say, 
when,  and  to  whom.  Talkativeness-Taciturn- 
ity, Warning. 

cav'-ern.  A  cave.  Contents-Receiver,  Convex- 
ity-Concavity, Dweller-Habitation. 

cav'-ern-ous.  Like  a  cavern.  Convexity-Concav- 
ity, Future-Past. 

cav"-i-are'.  A  condiment.  Condiment,  Pungency; 
caviare  to  the  general,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

cav'-il.  To  raise  objections,  to  be  captious.  Appro- 
val-Disapproval, Assent-Dissent,  Ratiocination- 
Casuistry. 

cav'-il-er.     One  who  cavils.     Flatterer-Defamer. 

cav'-i-ty.     A  hole.     Convexity-Concavity. 

caw.     The  cry  of  a  crow.     Cry-Ululation. 

Cay-enne'.     Red  pepper.     Condiment,  Pungency. 

ca-zique'.     A  prince  or  chief.     Chief-Underling. 

cease.  To  leave  off  action.  Discontinuance-Con- 
tinuance; cease  to  breathe,  Life-Death;  cease  to 
exist,  Entity-Nonentity. 

cease'-less.        Without      stop.        Eternity-Instanta- 

NEITY. 

ce'-ci-ty.     Blindness.     Sight-Blindness. 

ce'-dar.  An  evergreen  tree.  Mark-Obliteration, 
Redness-Greenness,  Strength- Weakness. 

cede.  To  give  up;  to  abandon;  to  admit.  Giving- 
Receiving,  Keeping-Relinquishment,  Yielding. 

ce-dil'-la.  A  mark  under  the  letter  "  c  "  to  give  it  the 
sound  of  "  s."     Mark-Obliteration,  Sign. 

ceil'-ing.  The  overhead  covering  of  a  room.  Cover- 
Lining,  Height-Lowness,  Top-Bottom. 

celare  artem  [L.]  (si  le'-ri  ar'-tem).  To  conceal  art. 
Ars  celare  art?m[L.]  (arz  si-l&'-ri  ar'-tem), the  art  to 
conceal  art,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

celare  fraudem,  fraus  est  [L.]  (si-le'-ri  frau'-dem,  fraus 
est).  It  is  a  fraud  to  conceal  a  fraud.  Deception- 
Fraud,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

cela  va  sans  dire  [F.]  (se-la'  va  san-  dir).  That  is,  a 
matter  of  course.  Cause-Effect,  Conventional- 
ity-Unconventionality,  Melody-  Dissonance, 
Manifestation-Latency. 

cel'-e-brant.  One  who  celebrates.  Devotion-Idol- 
atry. 

cel'-e-brate.     To  observe.     Solemnization. 


cel'-e-bra"-ted.  Observed;  famous.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit, Solemnization. 

cel'-e-bra"-ting.     Observing.     Solemnization. 

cel"-e-bra'-tion.  The  act  of  celebrating.  Ceremo- 
nial, Reputation-Discredit,  Solemnization. 

ce-leb'-ri-ty.  One  who  is  celebrated.  Gentility- 
Democracy,  Reputation-Discredit. 

ce-ler'-i-ty.     Speed.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

ce-les'-tial.  Heavenly.  Divinity,  Heaven-Hell,  Uni- 
verse; celestial  latitude,  Astronomy;  celestial  longi- 
tude, Astronomy. 

ce'-li-ac.     Abdominal.     Anatomy. 

cel'-i-ba-cy.  The  unmarried  state.  Matrimony-Celi- 
bacy. 

cell.  A  small  room,  as  for  a  prisoner;  part  of  a  bat- 
tery. Contents-Receiver,  Convexity-Concavity, 
Dweller-Habitation,  Electricity,  Release- 
Prison,  Sociability-Privacy. 

cel'-lar.  An  underground  room.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

cel'-lar-et.  A  small  cabinet  for  bottles.  Contents- 
Receiver. 

cel'-lu-lar.  Pertaining  to  a  cell.  Contents-Receiver, 
Convexity-Concavity. 

cel'-lule.    Small  cell.    Contents-Receiver. 

cel'-lu-loid.  A  composition  made  in  imitation  of  ivory, 
coral,  etc.     Imitation-Originality,  Materials. 

cel'-lu-lose.     Full  of  small  cells.     Contents-Receiver. 

Celt'-ic.  Pertaining  to  one  of  the  races  of  men.  Eth- 
nology. 

ce-ment'.  An  adhesive  substance;  any  bond  of  union. 
Cohesion-Looseness,  Connective,  Hardness- 
Softness,  Materials. 

ce-ment'-ed.     United.     Variance-Accord. 

cem'-e-ter-y.     A  burial  ground.     Life-Funeral. 

cen'-o-bite.  A  monk.  Ministry-Laity,  Sociability^ 
Privacy. 

cen'-o-taph.     An  empty  tomb.     Life-Funeral. 

cen'-ser.     A  vessel  for  burning  incense.     Ceremonial. 

cen'-sor.  A  critic;  an  official  examiner.  Decision- 
Misjudgment,  Flatterer-Defamer,  Judge. 

cen-so'-ri-ous .    Faultfinding.   Approval-Disapproval. 

cen-so'-ri-ous-ness.  Faultfinding.  Approval-Disap- 
proval. 

cen'-sur-a-ble.    Deserving  censure.    Innocence-Guilt. 

cen'-sure.    To  disapprove.    Approval-Disapproval. 

cen'-sur-er.  One  who  censures.  Flatterer-De- 
famer. 

cen'-sus.  A  numbering  of  the  people.  Numbering, 
Record. 

cen-tare'.     Square  meter.     Measure. 

cen'-taur.  A  monster.  Conventionality-Uncon- 
ventionality. 

cen-ta'-vo.     Mexican  coin.     Values. 

cen"-te-na'-ri-an.  One  a  hundred  years  old.  Infant- 
Veteran. 

cen'-te-na-ry.      Pertaining  to  a  century.     Five-Quin- 

QUESECTION,  PERIODICITY-IRREGULARITY. 

cen-ten'-ni-al.  Hundredth  anniversary.  Convention- 
ality-Unconventionality,  Periodicity-Irregu- 
larity. 

cen'-ter.  The  middle;  a  focal  point.  Center,  Gather- 
ingplace,  Middle;  center  round,  Concentration- 
Radiation,  Gathering-Scattering;  shake  to  its 
center,  Agitation. 

CENTER. 

Axis.  The  line  on  which  something  rotates,  or  about  which  some- 
thing is  symmetrically  arranged. 

Center.  A  point  equidistant  from  the  extremities  of  a  line,  figure,  or 
body. 

Centricalness.     Location  in  the  center. 

Focus.     A  center.     See  Gatheringplace. 

Middle,  etc.     See  Middle. 


CENTER. 


143 


CEREMONIAL 


Center — Denotations. 

Backbone.     The  spine  or  vertebral  column  of  a  person. 

Bull's-eye.     The  central  division  of  a  target. 

Core.     The  central  or  innermost  part  of  a  thing. 

Heart.     The  chief,  or  central  part. 

Hotbed.     The  place  from  which  any  activity  or  growth  arises. 

Kernel.     The  central  part  round  which  other  matter  is  gathered. 

Marrow.     The  interior  substance  of  anything. 

Nave.     The  central  part  of  a  church ;  a  hub. 

Navel.     A  central  part  or  point ;  the  umbilicus. 

Nucleolus.     A  center  of  growth. 

Nucleus.     A  center  of  growth. 

Pith,     The  spongy  substance  in  the  interior  of  stems  or  branches. 

Pole.     Either  of  the  two  points  equidistant  from  every  point  of  a 

circle  of  a  sphere. 
Umbilicus.     The  depression  at  the  middle  of  the  abdomen. 

Center — Associated  Nouns. 

Centrality.     Tendency  toward  the  center. 
Centralization.     Act  or  process  of  reducing  to  a  center. 
Concentration.     Act  of  directing  toward  a  common  center.     See 

Concentration. 
Symmetry.     Due  proportion  of  the  parts  of  a  body  to  each  other. 

Center — Scientific  Terms. 

Buoyancy.     Property  of  floating  on  the  surface. 

Center  of  gravity.     The  balancing  point  in  a  body. 

Center  of  oscillation.  The  point  in  a  body  at  which  if  all  the  mass 
were  concentrated  the  time  of  vacillation  would  continue  the  same 
as  before. 

Center  of  percussion.  That  point  in  a  body  revolving  about  a  fixed 
axis  at  which  it  may  strike  an  obstacle  without  communicating  the 
shock  to  the  axis. 

Center  of  pressure.  That  point  in  a  body  .at  which  the  whole  pres- 
sure may  be  applied  with  the  same  effect  it  would  produce  if  dis- 
tributed. 

Metacenter.  The  point  of  intersection  of  a  vertical  line  through  the 
center  of  gravity  of  the  fluid  displaced  by  a  floating  body. 

Center — Verbs. 

Centralize.     To  make  central. 

Concentrate.     To  bring  to  a  common  central  point. 

Converge,  etc.     See  Concentration. 

Center — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  central;  be  concentric,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  tring  to  a  focus; 
render  central. 

Center — Adjectives. 

Axial.     Around  an  axis  or  center. 

Azygous.     Without  a  fellow;  single. 

Central.     Relating  to  the  middle;  placed  in  the  middle. 

Centrical.     Centrally  located. 

Concentric.     Having  a  common  center. 

Focal.     Pertaining  or  belonging  to  the  central  point  or  focua. 

Homocentric.     Having  the  same  center. 

Middle,  etc.     See  Middle. 

Middlemost.      Nearest  the  middle. 

Umbilical.      Pertaining  to  the  navel ;  hence,  in  the  center. 


Center — Adverbs. 


Centrally, etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Middle.     In  the  central  part. 
Midst.     In  the  center. 


cen-tes'-i-mal.       One  hundredth.       Five-Quinquesec- 

TION. 

cen'-ti-gram.      Small  weight.     Measure. 
cen'-ti-U"-ter.     One   hundredth  of  a  liter.     Measure. 
cen'-ti-me"-ter.     One  hundredth  of  a  meter.    Measure. 
cen'-ti-ped..     Kind  of  worm.     Multiplicity-Paucity. 
cen'-to.      A  musical  medley.     Poetry-Prose. 
cen'-tral.     Pertaining  to  the  center.     Center. 
cen-tral'-i-ty.     The  state  of  being  central.     Center, 
Proportion-Deformity. 


cen"-tral-i-za'-tion.     Act  of  centralizing.     Center. 

cen'-tral-ize.  To  bring  to  a  center.  Composition- 
Resolution,  Center. 

cen'-tral-ly.     In  the  center.     Center. 

cen'-tric-al.     Pertaining  to  the  center.     Center. 

cen'-tric-al-ness.    State  of  being  in  the  center.    Center. 

cen-trif'-u-gal.  Directed  from  the  center.  Concen- 
tration-Radiation. 

cen-trip'-e-tal.  Directed  toward  the  center.  Concen- 
tration-Radiation. 

cen'-tu-ple.  Increased  a  hundredfold.  Five-Quinque- 
section, 

cen-tu'-pli-cate.  To  increase  a  hundredfold.  Five-' 
Quinquesection. 

cen-tu'-ri-al.  Pertaining  to  a  century.  Five-Quinque- 
section. 

cen-tu'-ri-ate.     Pertaining  to  a  century.     Five-Quin- 

QUESECTION. 

cen-tu'-ri-on.  A  captain  of  a  hundred  men.  Chief- 
Underling. 

cen'-tu-ry.  A  hundred  years.  Five-Quinquesection, 
Lastingness-Transientness,  Measure,  Period- 
Progress. 

cer'-am'-ic.  Pertaining  to  pottery.  Heating-Cool- 
ing; ceramic  ware,  Sculpture. 

ce'-rate.  A  compound  used  for  blisters.  Remedy- 
Bane. 

Cer'-be-rus.  A  three-headed  dog.  Perforator- 
Stopper,  Security-Insecurity;  sop  for  Cerberus, 
Motive-Caprice. 

ce'-re-al.     A  grain.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

ce"-re-a'-li-a.     The   cereals.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

cer'-e-bral.     Mental.     Mind-Imbecility. 

cer"-e-bra'-tion.    Brain  action.    Reflection-Vacancy. 

cer'-e-brum.  The  upper  part  of  the  brain.  Mind- 
Imbecility. 

cere'-cloth" .  A  cloth  saturated  with  wax.  Life- 
Funeral. 

cere'-ment.  A  waxed  cloth  used  as  a  winding  sheet. 
Cover-Lining,  Life-Funeral,  Pulpiness-Oil. 

cer"-e-mo'-ni-al.  A  ritual.  Ceremonial,  Politeness- 
Impoliteness,  Pomp,  Vestments. 

CEREMONIAL. 

Ceremonial.  A  system  of  rules  and  forms,  enjoined  by  law,  or  estab- 
lished by  custom  in  religious  worship. 

Ceremonialism.     Adherence  to  or  fondness  for  ceremony. 

Ceremony.     A  formal  rite  or  observance. 

Duty.     Any  service,  business,  or  office. 

Form.     Stated  method;  prescribed  practise;  ceremony. 

Formulary.     Prescribed  form  or  model. 

Litany.     The  form  of  supplication  in  public  worship. 

Observance.     Performance,  as  of  rules,  rites,  and  ceremonies. 

Ordinance.  Observance  commanded;  an  established  rite  or  cere- 
mony. 

Rite.     A  formal  act  or  ceremonial  of  religion  or  other  solemn  duty. 

Ritualism.     Adherence  to  a  prescribed  form  of  divine  service. 

Sacrament.  A  sacred  token  or  ceremony  used  to  impress  an  obliga- 
tion. 

Service.     Public  religious  worship  or  ceremony. 

Solemnity.     A  rite  or  ceremony  performed  with  religious  reverence. 

Ceremonial — Denotations. 

Agape.      The  early  Christian  love-feast. 

Aspersion.     A  sprinkling,  as  of  water  in  a  religious  ceremony. 
Auricular  confession.     Confidential  or  private  confession  to  a  priest. 
Baptism.     A  sacrament  or  rite,  in  which  water  is  made  use  of  to 

acknowledge  consecration  to  Christ 
Baptismal  regeneration.     The  doctrine  that  baptism  is  a  means  of 

being  born  into  a  new  life,  as  brothers  of  Christ. 
Burial.     See  Life-Funeral. 

Canonization.      The  enrolling  of  a  person  in  the  calendar  of  saints. 
Celebration.     The  ceremonial  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 
Christening.     See  Baptism. 
Circumcision.     The  custom  of  cutting  off  tl\e  foreskin  of  human 

males,  as  a  pledge  of  spiritual  purification. 


CEREMONIAL. 


144 


CEREMONIAL. 


Communion.     The  sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 
Confirmation.     The  form  of  full  induction  into  the  church. 

Consecration.     Act  of  setting  apart  to  a  sacred  use. 

Consubstantiation.  The  actual,  substantial  presence  of  the  body  and 
blood  of  Christ  with  the  bread  and  wine  of  the  sacrament. 

Discourse.     A  formal  ceremonious  talk. 

Dry  mass.     A  form  of  mass,  without  consecration. 

Eagle  wood.     A  wood  burned  for  incense. 

Eileton.     The  cloth  on  which  the  eucharistic  elements  are  laid, 

Encenia.     A  church  wake. 

Eucharist.     The  Lord's  Supper. 

Excommunication.  An  ecclesiastical  censure  whereby  the  person 
against  whom  it  is  pronounced  is  cast  out  of  the  communion  of  the 
church. 

Extreme  unction.     The  anointing  of  a  dying  person. 

Farse.     An  addition  to  the  Latin  service. 

Flagellation.     A  scourging. 

High  celebration.     The  ceremonial  of  the  eucharist. 

High  mass.     A  mass  celebrated  with  full  ceremonial. 

Homily.     A  serious  discourse. 

Impanation.  Embodiment  of  the  body  of  Christ  in  the  bread  of  the 
eucharist. 

Imposition  of  hands.     Act  of  blessing. 

Incantation,  etc.  A  form  of  words  sung  in  connection  with  cere- 
monies.    See  Devotion-Charm. 

Introit.     A  psalm  read  or  sung  at  mass. 

Invocation  of  saints.  A  form  of  prayer  in  which  the  blessing  of  the 
saints  is  invoked. 

Laying  on  of  hands.     Act  of  blessing. 

Lecture.     An  expository  sermon. 

Lord's  Supper.     The  sacrament  of  the  communion. 

Low  mass.     Ordinary  form  of  mass  said  by  the  priest  without  music. 

Maceration.     Act  of  expressing  mortification  by  fasting. 

Mass.     A  service  that  includes  the  holy  communion  and  the  liturgy. 

Matrimony.     See  Matrimony. 

Ministration.      Service  or  ministry. 

Missa  cantata  [L.].     A  mass  sung. 

Offertory.  An  anthem  chanted  or  played  during  the  offering  and 
first  part  of  the  mass. 

Ordination.     See  Church. 

Pastoral.     A  letter  from  a  bishop  to  his  diocese. 

Penance.     See  Atonement. 

Preaching.     A  discourse  on  religious  subjects. 

Predication.     Act  of  delivering  sermons. 

Psalmody.  Practise  of  singing  psalms  or  sacred  songs.  See  Devo- 
tion. 

Real  presence.  The  doctrine  that  the  body  of  Christ  is  partaken  of 
in  the  communion. 

Sabbatarianism.  The  doctrine  which  teaches  the  strictest  observ- 
ance of  the  Sabbath,  often  including  the  day  of  the  week  speci- 
fied in  Exodus. 

Sabbatism.     The  keeping  of  the  Sabbath. 

Sermon.     A  public  discourse  by  a  clergyman. 

Seven  sacraments.  Baptism,  confirmation,  the  eucharist,  penance, 
holy  orders,  matrimony,  and  extreme  unction. 

Telling  of  beads.  To  recite  prayers,  checking  them  off  by  the  beads 
of  a  rosary. 

The  holy  sacrament.     The  Lord's  Supper. 

Thurification.     Act  of  burning  incense. 

Transfiguration.     A  festival  commemorating  Christ's  transfiguration. 

Transubstantiation.  The  doctrine  which  teaches  that  the  bread  and 
wine  of  the  eucharist  is  converted  into  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ . 

Viaticum  [L.].     The  communion  given  to  dying  persons. 

Visitation  of  the  sick.     Act  of  visiting. 

Ceremonial — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Ritualist.     One  skilled  in  or  attached  to  a  ritual. 
Sabbatarian.     One  who  keeps  the  Sabbath  holy. 

Ceremonial — Associated  Words. 

Agnus  Dei  LL.].     The  Lamb  of  God. 

Bead-roll.     A  roll  of  prayers. 

Beads.     A  rosary,  hence,  prayers. 

Book  of  Common  Prayer.  Book  of  the  ritual  of  the  Episcopal  Church 

Breviary.     In  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  a  book  containing  the 

daily  offices  which  all  who  are  in  orders  are  bound  to  read. 
Canon.     A  law  or  rule  of  doctrine. 
Censer.     A  vase  or  pan  in  which  incense  is  burned. 
Chrism.     A  consecrated  ointment  of  oil  and  balm  for  baptism,  etc. 
Cross.      The  ensign  of  the  Christian  religion. 
Crucifix.     A  cross,  or  representation  of  a  cross  with  the  figure  of 

Christ  crucified  upon  it. 


Elements.     The  bread  and  wine  used  in  the  eucharist. 

Euchology.     A  formulary  of  prayers. 

Font.  The  vessel  used  in  churches  as  the  repository  of  the  bap- 
tismal water. 

Holy  water.  In  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  salted  water  conse- 
crated by  the  priest  and  used  in  certain  rites  and  ceremonies. 

Host.  In  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  the  consecrated  wafer  repre- 
senting the  body  of  Christ. 

Hymnal.     A  collection  of  hymns,  generally  for  use  in  public  worship, 

Hymn-book.     A  book  containing  a  collection  of  hymns. 

Hymnology.     A  collection  of  hymns. 

Incense.     The  odors  of  spices  and  gums  burned  in  religious  rites. 

Lectionary.     A  book,  or  list  of  lections,  for  reading  ia  divine  service. 

Liturgy.     An  established  formula  for  public  worship. 

Mass-book.  I  The  book  containing  the  service  of  the  mass  for  the  en- 
Missal.         J       tire  year. 

Ordinal.     A  book  containing  the  rubrics  of  the  mass. 

Patera.  A  saucerlike  vessel  of  earthenware  or  metal  used  by  the 
Greeks  and  Romans  in  libations  and  sacrifices. 

Pax.  The  embrace  in  the  sanctuary  at  high  mass  in  Roman  Catholic 
churches. 

Pietas.  A  representation  of  the  dead  Christ  attended  by  the  Virgin 
Mary,  or  by  holy  women  and  angels. 

Pix.     A  box  or  case  containing  the  host. 

Prayer-book.     A  book  containing  devotional  prayers. 

Psalm-book.  A  book  containing  versifications  of  the  Scriptural 
psalms  composed  for  use  in  churches. 

Psalter.  A  psalm-book;  a  rosary  consisting  of  150  beads  in  accord- 
ance with  the  number  of  the  psalms. 

Pyx.     Same  as  pix. 

Relics.     The  body  of  a  deceased  saint  or  martyr. 

Reliquary.     A  depository  in  which  relics  are  kept. 

Ritual.  A  prescribed  form  of  performing  divine  service  in  a  particu- 
lar church  or  communion. 

Rosary.  A  series  of  prayers  arranged  to  be  recited  in  order,  on  beads; 
also  a  string  of  beads  on  which  the  prayers  are  counted. 

Rubric.  The  directions  and  rules  for  the  conduct  of  service,  formerly 
written  or  printed  in  red. 

Sackcloth  and  ashes.  A  mode  of  apparel  formerly  signifying  mourn- 
ing or  penitence. 

Ceremonial — Nouns  of  Time, 

Advent.  The  first  season  of  the  ecclesiastical  year,  including  the 
four  Sundays  immediately  preceding  Christmas. 

Bairam.     The  name  of  two  Mohammedan  festivals. 

Christmas.     The  birthday  of  Christ. 

Easter.     The  day  of  the  resurrection  of  Christ. 

Epiphany.  A  festival  of  the  Christian  Church  celebrated  in  com- 
memoration of  the  manifestation  of  Christ  to  the  Gentiles,  held  the 
twelfth  day  after  Christmas. 

Fast.     A  period  observed  for  religious  fasting. 

Feast.     A  day  or  season  in  commemoration  of  some  great  event. 

Holiday.     A  day  of  exemption  from  labor. 

Holy  week.     The  week  before  Easter. 

Lammas.  A  festival  held  August  1,  in  commemoration  of  the  im- 
prisonment of  the  Apostle  Peter. 

Lent.     A  fast  of  forty  days  before  Easter. 

Martinmas.     Feast  of  St.  Martin,  the  nth  cf  November. 

Michaelmas.     The  feast  of  St.  Michael,  occurring  September  29th. 

Passion  week.     The  week  immediately  preceding  Easter. 

Passover.  A  Jewish  feast  in  commemoration  of  the  passing  over  of 
the  children  of  Israel  when  God  smote  the  eldest  born  of  the  Egyp- 
tians. 

Pentecost.     A  Jewish  festival  occurring  fifty  days  after  the  Passover. 

Ramadan.     The  great  annual  feast  of  the  Mohammedans. 

Ramazan.     See  Ramadan. 

Sabbath .     The  first  day  of  the  week. 

Whitsuntide.     The  time  of  Pentecost. 

Yule.     Christmas. 

Ceremonial — Verbs. 

Anele.     To  anoint;  to  give  extreme  unction  to. 

Baptize.     To  administer  the  sacrament  of  baptism  to. 

Circumcise.     To  cut  off  the  foreskin. 

Communicate.     To  partake  of  the  Lord's  Supper;  to  commune. 

Confirm.     To  administer  the  rites  of  confirmation  to. 

Dip.     To  immerse  for  baptism. 

Excommunicate.     To  put  out  of  communion. 

Lecture.     To  deliver  a  familiar  discourse. 

Minister.     To  perform  service  in  any  office,  sacred  or  secular. 

Officiate.     To  conduct  a  public  service. 

Preach.     To  proclaim  by  public  discourse. 


CEREMONIAL. 


145 


CERTAINTY— DOUBT. 


CEREMONIAL— Verbs— Continued. 

Predicate.     To  preach. 

6ermonize.     To  deliver  a  formal  sermon. 

Sprinkle.     To  baptize  by  the  application  of  a  few  drops  of  water. 

Ceremonial — Verbal  Phrases. 

Administer  extreme  unction;  administer  the  sacrament;  attend  the 
communion;  attend  the  sacrament;  ban  with  bell, book,  and  candle, 
a  solemn  mode  of  excommunication  in  the  Roman  Catholic  Church, 
in  which  the  clergyman  pronounces  the  sentence  of  excommunica- 
tion, the  bell  is  tolled  as  for  the  dead,  the  book  from  which  the 
formula  was  read  is  closed,  and  a  lighted  candle  is  cast  upon  the 
ground;  do  duty;  give  the  communion;  give  the  sacrament;  lay 
hands  on;  partake  of  communion;  partake  of  the  sacrament;  per- 
form service;  receive  the  communion;  receive  the  sacrament;  take 
the  communion;  take  the  sacrament. 


Ceremonial — Adjectives. 

Baptismal.     Of  or  pertaining  to  baptism. 

Ceremonial.     Of,  pertaining  to,  or  characterized  by  outward  form 

and  ceremony. 
Eucharistical.      Pertaining  to  or  of  the  nature  of  the  eucharist. 
Pasrhal.     Of  or  pertaining  to  the  Jewish  Passover  or  the  Christian 

Easter. 
Ritual.     Of,  pertaining  to,  or  consisting  of  a  rite  or  rites. 
Ritualistic      Adhering  or  tending  to  or  favoring  ritualism. 


Ceremo  n  i  a  l — Phrase. 
Eau  benite  de  cour  [F.J.     Holy  water  of  the  court. 


Fondness  of  ceremony.     Vest* 
Regard  -  Disrespect, 


cer'  '-e-mo'-ni-al-ism . 

MENTS. 

cer"-e-mo/-ni-ous.       Formal. 

Vestments. 

cer'-e-mo-ny.  A  formal  act;  observance  of  etiquette. 
Ceremonial,  Pomp. 

ce'-ro-graph.    Wax-engraving.     Engraving. 

ce-rog'-ra-phy.  Engraving  with  wax.  Engraving, 
Writing-Printing. 

ce'-ro-man"-cy.  Divination  by  melted  wax.  Proph* 
ecy. 

ce"-ro-plas'-tic.     Wax-modeling.     Sculpture. 

cer'-tain.  Assured;  indefinite;  fixed;  inevitable.  As- 
sertion-Denial, Certainty-Doubt,  Faith-Mis- 
giving, Plurality-Fraction,  Truth-Error,  Uni- 
versality-Particularity; make  certain  of,  Dis- 
covery; of  a  certain  age,  Infancy-Age;  to  a  certain 
degree,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

cer'-tain-ly.  Without  doubt.  Certainty-Doubt,  As- 
sent-Dissent. 

cer'-tain-ty.  The  quality  of  being  certain.  Certainty- 
Doubt. 


CERTAINTY— DOUBT. 


Assurance.     The  act  of  making  certain;  a  pledge  of  confidence. 

Certainty.     Freedom  from  doubt  or  failure. 

Certitude.     Exemption  from  doubt. 

Dead  certainty.     An  emphatic  reality. 

Dogmatism.     P«sitiveness  in  stating  opinion. 

Fact.     Reality. 

Fait  accompli  [F.].     An  accomplished  fact. 

Infallibility.     The  quality  of  being  incapable  of  error. 

Infallibleness.     See  Adjectives. 

Matter  of  fact.     An  absolute  reality. 

Moral  certainty.     A  probability  so  strong  that  the  possibility  of  the 

opposite  may  be  wholly  disregarded. 
Necessity.     Inevitableness.     See  Volition-Obligation. 
Positive  fact.     An  occurrence  or  existence  undeniable. 
Positiveness.     Certainty.     See  Adjectives. 
Reliability.     Trustworthiness. 
Surety.     The  state  of  being  certain. 

Certainty — Associated  Nouns. 

Bigot.     An  illiberal  adherent  to  a  creed,  or  party. 

Church.     The  whole  body  of  Christian  believers. 

Court  of  final  appeal.     A  court  to  which  a  case  may  be  taken  from  a 

lower  court. 
Doctrinaire.     A  person  who  applies  abstract  principles  to  practical 

concerns. 
Dogmatist.      One  given  to  positive  opinions  and  beliefs. 
Dogmatizer.     See  Dogmatist. 
Gospel.     That  which  is  regarded  as  infallibly  true. 
Ipse  dixit  [L.].     He  said  it;  a  dogmatic  assertion. 
Opinionist.     One  given  to  having  strong  and  unshaken  opinions. 
Pope.     The  head  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. 
Res  judicata  [L.]      A  case  that  has  been  determined. 
Scripture.     Infallible  truth. 
Sir  Oracle.     A  title   used  by  Gratiano  in   the  Merchant  of  Venice, 

ridiculing  those  affecting  wisdom. 
Ultimatum,      The  final  or  only  condition. 


Certainty — Verbs. 

Assure.     To  make  sure. 
Clinch.     To  make  fixed  or  conclusive. 
Decide.     To  bring  to  a  definite  termination. 
Determine.     To  fix  upon;  to  certify. 
Dogmatize,     To  affirm  positively. 
Ensure.     Same  as  Insure. 
Insure.     To  render  secure  or  certain. 
Know.     See  Faith. 
IO 


Acatalepsy.     The  incomprehensibleness  of  things. 

Ambiguity.     See  Ambiguity. 

Bewilderment.     Confused  state  of  mind. 

Contingency.     Complexity. 

Diaporesis.     Doubt  concerning  the  order  of  treating  several  subjects. 

Dilemma.     A  case  in  which  a  choice  between  two  equally  undesirable 

courses  is  necessary. 
Doubt.     Absence  of  certain  knowledge. 
Doubtfulness.     See  Adjectives. 
Dubiety.     Doubtfulness. 
Dubiousness.     The  state  of  being  in  doubt. 
Dubitancy.     Uncertainty. 
Dubitation.     The  act  of  doubting. 

Embarrassment.     Uneasiness  of  mind  caused  by  a  perplexity. 
Fallibility.     Tendency  to  err. 

Hesitation.     Suspense  of  opinion  or  action  because  of  uncertainty. 
Incertitude.     The  state  of  being  doubtful. 
Indetermination.     State  of  being  wavering  in  mind. 
Obscurity,  etc.     See  Light-Darkness. 
Onus  probandi  [L.].     The  burden  of  proving. 
Open  question.     A  question  admitting  of  doubt. 
Perplexity.     State  of  not  being  able  to  determine  an  opinion  or 

course  of  conduct. 
Possibility  upon  possibility.     A  question  admitting  of  many  surmises. 
Precariousness.     The  condition  of  being  subject  to  risk  of  loss. 
Something  or  other.     A  doubtful  thing. 
Suspense.     State  of  indetermination. 
Timidity,  etc.     See  Sanguineness-Timidity. 
Uncertainty.     Lack  of  resolution. 
Vacillation,  etc.     Changeableness  in  opinions  or  conduct,  etc.     Se« 

Determination-Vacillation. 
Vagueness,  etc.     Indefiniteness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Doubt — Figurative  Nouns. 

Blind  bargain.     An  exchange  without  seeing  the  article  received. 

Fog.     Condensed  vapor  which  obscures  the  view;  hence,  perplexity 

Haze.     Anything  that  dims;  hence,  uncertainty. 

Leap  in  the  dark.     Performance  of  an  act  without  foresight. 

Pig  in  a  poke.     A  blind  bargain. 

Doubt— Verts. 

Be  uncertain,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  undefined,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Bewilder.     To  make  unsettled  in  mind. 

Bother.     To  annoy  by  worrying. 

Confound.     To  overwhelm  the  mental  faculties. 

Confuse.     To  make  indistinct  or  unintelligible. 


CERTAINTY. 


146 


CERTAINTY— DOUBT. 


CERTAINTY— DOU  BT— Continued. 


Cbrtainty — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  certain;  be  sure,  etc.  (see  Adjectives) ;  lay  down  the  law,  to  make 
acquainted  with  existing  rules  or  regulations",  "make  assurance 
doubly  sure";  make  sure;  render  certain;  set  at  rest,  to  settle  defi- 
nitely; stand  to  reason,  to  be  consistent  with  truth. 


Certainty — Adjectives. 

Absolute.     Self-determined. 

Ascertained.      Known  or  established  with  certainty. 
Assured,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Authentic.     Genuinely  accurate. 
Authoritative.      Positively  established. 

Avoidless.     Not  to  be  escaped.  * 

Axiomatic.     Self-evident. 

Categorical.     Admitting  no  exceptions  or  doubts. 
Certain.     Admitting  neither  doubt  nor  denial. 
Clear.     Free  from  doubt  or  misgiving.. 
Conclusive.     Not  able  to  be  refuted  or  proved  false. 
Decided.     Settled  as  to  doubt. 

Decisive.     Having  the  power  or  quality  of  deciding. 
Definite.     Certain. 

Determinate.     Having  the  power  of  settling  or  limiting  definitely. 
Doubtless.     Without  doubt. 

Evident.     Easily  manifest  to  both  eye  and  mind. 
Incontestable.     Not  to  be  denied  or  contradicted. 
Incontrovertible.     Too  certain  to  be  disputed. 
Indisputable.     Too  obvious  to  admit  of  contradiction. 
Indubious.     Not  doubtful. 
Indubitable.     Plainly  certain. 
Inevitable.     Not  to  be  evaded  or  resisted. 
Infallible.     Incapable  of  erring. 
Insured,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Irrefutable.     See  Proof. 
Known,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Official.     Derived  from,  or  done  by  the  proper  authority. 
Positive.     Fully  convinced  or  confident. 
Questionless.     Beyond  question. 
Reliable.     Worthy  of  belief  or  dependence. 

Self-evident.     Producing  certainty  or  conviction  from  mere  consid- 
eration. 
Solid.     Worthy  of  credence  or  trust. 

Sure.     Worthy  of  dependence ;  certain  to  meet  expectations. 
Trustworthy.     Meriting  trust  and  confidence. 
Unavoidable.      Not  to  be  escaped. 
Unchangeable.     Fixed  ;n  form  or  substance. 
Uncontested.      Not  denied. 
Undeniable.     Not  to  be  refuted. 
Undisputed.     Not  contradicted. 
Undoubted.     Accepted  without  hesitation  or  doubt. 
Unequivocal.     Admitting  of  but  a  single,  certain  interpretation. 
Unerring.     Accurate. 
Unimpeachable.      Not  to  be  reproached. 
Unmistakable.     Not  doubted. 
Unqualified.      Unconditional;  absolute. 
Unquestionable.      Not  to  be  doubted  or  questioned. 
Unquestioned.      Not  doubted. 
Well  founded.      Clearly  established. 

Certainty — Adjective  Expressions. 

Beyond  a  doubt;  beyond  all  dispute;  beyond  all  question;  beyond 
question;  clear  as  day;  clear  as  the  sun  at  noonday;  past  dispute; 
sure  as  a  gun;  sure  as  death  and  taxes,  sure  as  fate,  inevitable;  to 
be  depended  on;  without  a  doubt;  without  a  shade  or  shadow  of 
doubt;  without  power  of  appeal,  settled  decisively;  without  ques- 
tion. 

Certainty — Adverbs. 

Certainly,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Certes.     Verily. 

Doubtless.     Unquestionably. 

Sure.     Surely. 

Surely, etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Certainty — Adverbial  Expressions. 

A  coup  sur  [F.J,  with  certainty ;  and  no  mistake;  asamatter  of  course; 
at  all  events,  surely;  at  any  rate,  inevitably;  come  what  may;  come 
what    will;    coute-que-coute  [F.],  at  any   price;    couie   au'il  coute 


DOUBT— Verbs— Continued. 

Depend.     To  be  or  remain  uncertain. 

Doubt.     To  be  undecided. 

Embarrass.     To  disconcert. 

Float  in  a  sea  of  doubt.     To  be  in  a  doubtful  state. 

Flounder.     To  stumble  or  waver  in  reasoning. 

Hang  in  the  balance.     To  be  undecided. 

Hesitate.     To  pause  awaiting  decision  or  action. 

Keep  in  suspense.     To  keep  in  doubt. 

Lose  oneself.     To  be  in  a  state  of  suspense  as  to  memory  and  reason. 

Lose  one's  head.     To  become  utterly  confused. 

Lose  the  clew.  I  To  lose  the  thread  leading  from  an  intricacy,  as  that 

Lose  the  clue,  i       of  Daedalus  from  the  labyrinth  of  Crete. 

Lose  the  scent.     To  lose  track  of. 

Miss  one's  way.     Lose  one's  path. 

Moider.     To  distract;  to  confuse. 

Muddle  one's  brains.     To  becloud  the  brain,  as  with  drink. 

Not  know  whether  one  stands  on  one's  head  or  heels. 

Not  know  which  way  to  turn. 

Not  to  know  what  to  make  of,  etc.     See  Clearness-Obscurity. 

Perplex.     To  make  obscure,  or  to  confuse. 

Pose.     To  embarrass  by  puzzling  questions. 

Put  out.     To  disconcert. 

Puzzle.     To  mystify.  » 

Render  uncertain,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Throw  off  the  scent.     To  put  in  a  state  of  uncertainty,  as  a  hunting 

dog. 
Tremble  in  the  balance.     To  be  in  doubt  or  great  danger;  on  waver* 

ing  scales. 
Wonder  whether.     To  be  doubtful  about. 


Dou  bt — A  djectives. 

Abroad.     Uncertain,  as  in  calculation. 

Adrift.     Aimless;  without  occupation. 

Afraid  to  say.     Not  certain  enough  to  say. 

Ambiguous.     Double  in  meaning. 

Apocryphal.     Of  uncertain  authenticity. 

Astray.     Wandering,  as  in  reasoning. 

At  a  loss.     Unable  to  decide. 

At  a  nonplus.     Puzzled. 

At  fault.     Embarrassed. 

At  one's  wit's  end.       Entirely  at  a  loss. 

At  sea.     Ignorant  of  how  to  proceed. 

Casual.     Occurring  without  premeditation. 

Changeable.     See  Mutability. 

Confused.     See  Visibility-Invisibility. 

Contingent.     Dependent  on  unknown  circumstances. 

Contingent  on.     Dependent  on. 

Controvertible .     Deniable . 

Debatable.     Disputable. 

Dependent  on.      Determined  by. 

Dependent  on  circumstances. 

Disorients  [F.].     Having  lost  one's  bearings. 

Distracted.     Unsettled  in  reason. 

Distraught.     Confused. 

Doubtful.     Having  the  character  of  ambiguity. 

Dubious.     Calling  forth  doubt. 

Enigmatic.     Not  easily  solved. 

Equivocal.     Capable  of  equally  appropriate  interpretations. 

Experimental,  etc.     See  Trial. 

Fallible.     Liable  to  err,  or  deceive. 

Hypothetical.     Taken  as  an  unproved  premise  from  which  to  deduct 

proof. 
Ignorant,  etc.     See  Knowledge-Ignorance. 
In  a  cloud.     Not  knowing  how  to  proceed. 
In  a  maze.     In  a  state  of  confusion. 
In  a  state  of  uncertainty.     Doubtful. 
Indecisive.     Not  bringing  to  a  definite  end. 
Indefinite.     Not  established  or  determined. 
Indeterminate.     Not  precise. 
In  question,  etc.     See  Investigation. 
In  suspense.     In  a  state  of  uncertainty. 
Lost.     Bewildered. 
Mystic.     Secret. 
Occasional.        Pertaining   to    or   occurring   at   irregular    times   of 

periods. 
Open  to  discussion.      Debatable. 
Oracular.     Doubtful,  like  lying  oracles. 
Out  of  one's  reckoning.     Wrong  in  calculation. 


CERTAINTY— DOUBT. 


147 


CHAMPAGNE. 


CERTAINTY— DOUBT— Continued 


CERTAINTY — Adverbial  Expressions — Continued 

[F.],  at  any  price;  flagrante  delicto  [L.],  in  the  commission  of  the 
crime;  for  certain;  happen  what  may;  happen  what  will;  if  the 
worst  comes  to  the  worst;  in  truth,  etc.  (see  Truth)  ;  no  doubt;  of 
course;  sink  or  swim;  sure  enough;  to  a  certainty;  to  be  sure;  what- 
ever may  happen ;  without  fail. 

Certainty — Phrases. 
Cela  va  sans  dire  [FJ,  that  goes  without  saying;  dictum  de  dicto  [L.]. 
hearsay  report;  mds  vale  pdjaro  en  mano  que  buttre  volando[Sp.], 
a  sparrow  on  the  hand  is  better  than  a  vulture  on  the  wing ;  para 
todo  hay  remedio  sind  para  la  muerte  [Sp.],  there  is  a  remedy  for 
all  things  except  death;  the  die  is  cast,  the  course  has  been 
decided  upon;  there  is  no  question;  there  is  not  a  shadow  of  doubt 


DOUBT — Continued  from  Column  2. 
Untrustworthy.  Not  worthy  of  trust  or  confidence. 
Vague.     Dim;  unfixed. 

Doubt — Phrases. 
Ambiguas  in  vulgum  spargere  voces  [L.].     To  stir  up  doubt  in  the 

minds  of  the  people. 
Heaven  knows. 

Pendente  lite  [L.]      Pending  the  suit. 
Who  can  tell  I 
Who  shall  decide  when  doctors  disagree? 


DOUBT — Adjectives — Continued. 

Paradoxical.     Seemingly  absurd,  but  possibly  true. 

Perplexing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Precarious.     Not  to  be  relied  upon  for  certainty ;  unsteady. 

Problematical.     Involving  doubt. 

Puzzled,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Questionable.     Liable  to  be  doubted  or  suspected. 

Random,  etc.     See  Purpose-Luck. 

Slippery.     Elusive;  tricky. 

Subject  to.     Liable  to. 

Ticklish.     Not  fixed;  easily  affected. 

Unascertained.     Not  definitely  known. 

Unauthentic.     Not  genuine ;  not  reliable. 

Unauthenticated.     Not  supported  by  sufficient  authority. 

Unauthoritative.     Not  derived  from  creditable  sources. 

Uncertain.     Not  sure  or  definite. 

Unconfirmed.     Not  assured  or  verified. 

Uncounted.     Of  uncertain  number. 

Undecided.     Not  settled  upon. 

Undefinable.      Not  to  be  described. 

Undefined.     Not  clear. 

Undemonstrated.     Not  made  certain. 

Undetermined.     Not  fixed  upon. 

Unreliable.     Not  to  be  depended  upon. 

Unsettled.     Not  steady  or  fixed. 

Untold.     Secret. 

(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


cer'-tes.    Truly.    Assent-Dissent,  Certainty-Doubt. 

cer-tif'-i-cate.     A  writ-'ng  used   as  legal   evidence;   a 

declaration  in  regard  to  qualifications      Evidence- 

COUNTEREVIDENCE,  MaRK-ObLITERATION,  SECURITY. 

cer'-ti-fy.     To  attest;  to  assure.     Assertion-Denial, 

EVIDENCE-COUNTEREVIDENCE. 

cer"-ti-o-ra'-ri.  A  writ  from  a  superior  to  an  inferior 
court.     Litigation. 

cer'-ti-tude.     Confidence.     Certainty-Doubt. 

ce-ru'-le-an.     Sky-blue.     Blueness-Orange. 

cer'-vi-cal.     Pertaining  to  the  neck.    Anatomy. 

cess.  A  hole  of  filth;  a  public  assessment.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Price-Discount. 

ces-sa'-tion.  Discontinuance.  Discontinuance-Con- 
tinuance. 

ces'-sion.  A  surrender.  Giving-Receiving,  Keeping- 
Relinquishment,  Yielding. 

cess'-pool".      A    pit   of  foulness.     Cleanness-Filthi- 

NESS. 

cestui  que  trust  [Law  F.]  (ses-twi'  ke  trust).  One  to 
whom  a  trust  is  made.     Holder. 

ces'-tus.  A  girdle  or  belt.  Circle-Winding,  Connec- 
tive. 

chafe.    To  fret;  to  make  sore;  to  make  warm  by  rub- 
bing.    Contentedness-Discontentment,   Excita 
bilitz-Inexcitability,  Favorite-Anger,  Heating- 
Cooling,    Pleasurableness-Painfulness,   Pleas- 
ure-Pain, Sensuality-Suffering. 

chaff.  Trifles;  banter;  the  envelopes  of  grain.  Conse- 
quence -  Insignificance,  Gentility  -  Democracy, 
Society-Derision;  not  to  be  caught  with  chaff, 
Craft-Artlessness,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  win- 
now chaff  from  the  wheat,  Choice-Neutrality. 

chaf'-fer.    To  haggle.     Exchange. 

cha'-fing.     Annoying.     Excitability-Inexcitability. 

cha'-fing-dish".  A  vessel  for  heating.  Oven-Re- 
frigerator. 

cha-grin'.     Mortification.     Pleasure-Pain. 

cha-grined'.  Mortified.  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility. 

chain.  To  join  with  a  chain;  bonds;  an  ornament; 
unit  of  length.  Connective,  Continuity-Inter- 
ruption, Crossing,  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment, Length-Shortness,  Measure,  Release- 
Prison,  Union-Disunion;  drag  a  chain,  Liberty- 
Subjection,  Obstruction-Help;  drag  a  lengthened 


chain,   Toil-Relaxation;   in  chains,   Guard-Pris- 
oner. 

chain-shot.    Cannon-balls  chained  together.    Weapon. 

chair.  A  single  seat;  a  scat  of  office;  a  presiding  officer; 
a  conveyance.  Conveyance- Vessel,  Management, 
Manager,  President-Member,  Scepter,  School, 
Solemnization,  Suspension-Support;  in  the  chair, 
Management. 

chair'-man.  One  who  presides.  Manager,  Presideijt- 
Member. 

chaise.     A  vehicle.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

chal-ced'-o-ny.  A  waxy  transparent  quartz.  Em- 
bellishment-Disfigurement. 

chal-cog'-ra-phy.  Engraving  on  plates  for  printing. 
Engraving. 

cha"-let'.  Peasant's  cottage.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

chal'-ice.    A  drinking  cup.    Contents-Receiver. 

chalk.  A  white  calcareous  earth.  Painting,  Sign, 
Whiteness-Blackness;  chalk-engraving,  Engrav- 
ing; chalk  out,  Design,  Painting;  not  know  chalk 
from  cheese,  Knowledge-Ignorance. 

chalk'-y.    Resembling  chalk.    Whiteness-Blackness. 

chal'-lenge.  To  claim  as  one's  due;  to  defy;  to  dispute. 
Defiance,  Dueness-Undueness,  Faith-Misgiving, 
Investigation  -Answer,  Justification-Charge; 
challenge  comparison,  Goodness-Badness. 

cham.     A  khan.     Chief-Underling. 

cham'-ber.  A  room;  an  assembly  hall.  Contents- 
Receiver,  Council,  Dweller-Habitation,  Mar- 
ket; sick-chamber,  Health-Sickness. 

cham'-ber-lain.  An  etiquette  official.  Chief-Under- 
ling. 

cham'-ber-maid".  A  woman  who  takes  care  of  bed- 
chambers.    Chief-Underling. 

cha-me'-le-on.  A  lizard  capable  of  changing  colors. 
Variegation. 

cham'-fer.    To  cut  a  channel  in.    Groove. 

cham'-ols.  An  antelope  famed  for  agility.  Spring- 
Dive. 

champ.  To  bite;  to  gnash.  Nutriment-Excretion; 
champ  the  bit,  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Fa- 
vorite-Anger, Insubordination-Obedience. 

cham-pagne'.  A  sparkling  wine.  Liquid-Gas,  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion. 


CHAMPAIGN. 


148 


CHARITABLENESS. 


cham-paign'.    A  flat  piece  of  land.    Gulf-Plain. 

cham-pain' .  A  mark  of  dishonor.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

Champ  de  Mars  [F.]  (shan-  de  marz).  Field  of  Mars. 
Lists. 

champetre,  fete  [F.]  (shan-petr',  fet).  A  rustic  festival. 
Entertainment- Weariness. 

cham'-pi-on.  One  who  fights  in  behalf  of  another; 
a  victor.  Antagonist-Assistant,  Attack-Defense, 
Belligerent,  Patriotism-Treason. 

cham'-pi-on-ship.  Position  of  a  champion.  Obstruc- 
tion-Help. 

Champs  Elys^es  [F.]  (shanz  e-li-ze').  Elysian  fields. 
Heaven-Hell. 

chance.  Fortune;  an  opportunity.  Motive-Caprice, 
Purpose-Luck,  Rationale-Luck;  as  chance  would 
have  it,  Occurrence-Destiny;  one's  chance,  Oc- 
currence-Destiny; chances  against  one,  Security- 
Insecurity;  game  of  chance,  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Purpose-Luck;  small  chance,  Likeli- 
hood-Unlikelihood; stand  a  chance,  Contingency, 
Possibility- Impossibility,  Purpose -Luck,  take 
one's  chance,  Purpose-Luck,  Venture. 

chan'-cel.     A  part  of  a  church.     Fane. 

chan'-cel-lor.  A  keeper  of  the  great  seal;  a  judicial 
officer.  Advocate,  Chief-Underling,  Represen- 
tative; chancellor  of  the  exchequer,  Treasurer. 

chan'-cer-y.  A  court  of  equity.  Chancery  suit,  Earli- 
ness-Lateness  ;  court  of  chancery,  Tribunal. 

chan"-de-lier'.  A  branching  frame  for  lights.  Lumi- 
nary-Shade. 

chandelle,  le  jeu  ne  vaut  pas  la  [F.]  (shan-del',  le  zhu 
ne  vo  pa  la).  The  game  is  not  worth  the 
candle.  Consequence-Insignificance,  Provision- 
Waste. 

chand'-ler.     A  trader.     Dealer. 

change.  An  exchange;  small  coins;  to  alter.  Deter- 
mination-Vacillat.on,  Market,  Money,  Muta- 
tion-Permanence; change  about,  Mutability- 
Stability;  change  color,  Emotion;  change  for,  Com- 
mutation-Permutation; change  hands,  Aliena- 
tion, Commutation-Permutation;  change  of  mind, 
Bigotry-Apostasy;  change  of  opinion,  Faith-Mis- 
giving; interchange,  Commutation-Permutation; 
radical  change,  Revolution;  sudden  change,  Revo- 
lution. 

change'-a-ble.  Unsteady.  Certainty-Doubt,  Muta- 
bility-Stability, Mutation-Permanence. 

change'-a-ble-ness.  Inconstancy;  capability  of  being 
changed.  Determin/tion-Vacillation,  Lasting- 
ness-Transientness,  Mutability-Stability,  Mu- 
tation-Permanence. 

changed.    Altered.     Mutation-Permanence. 

change'-ful.  Full  of  change.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Mutability-Stability. 

change'-ling.  Inconstant.  Commutation-Permuta- 
tion, Sage-Fool. 

chang'-er.     One  who  changes.     Dealer. 

chan'-nol.  A  conduit;  a  groove;  deep  part  of  a 
stream.  Aperture-Closuue,  Groove,  Water- 
course-Air     pipe,  Way. 

chant.  A  song;  a  psalm  chanted.  Devotion-Idol- 
atry, Music,  Musician. 

chant  du  cygne  [F].  (shan1  du  clny).  The  song  of  the 
swan;  the  last  strains  of  an  author.  Life- 
Death. 

chant'-er.     A  singer.     Musician. 

chan'-ti-cleer.     A  cock.     Fauna-Flora. 

chant'-ry.     A  chapel.     Fane. 

cha'-c-man"-cy.     Fortune-telling.     Prophecy. 


cha'-os.     A  state  of  disorder.     Whole-Part. 

chap.  Jaw;  crack;  a  fellow.  Interspace-Contact, 
Male-Female: 

cha-peau'.     A  plumed  hat.     Dress-Undress. 

chap'-el.     A  small  church.     Fane. 

chap'-er-on.    An  attendant.    Security-Insecurity. 

chap'-fal"-len.  Dejected.  Selfrespect-Humble' 
ness. 

chap'-lain.     A  clergyman.     Church,  Ministry-Laity. 

chap'-let.  A  wreath.  Circle-Winding,  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement, Trophy. 

chap'-man.     A  pedler.     Dealer. 

chaps.     Mouth  and  cheeks.     Border. 

chap'-ter.  Division  of  a  book;  the  clergy;  a  society. 
Church,  Conception-Theme,  Council,  Missive- 
Publication,  Whole-Part;  chapter  of  accidents, 
Rationale-Luck;    chapter    and    verse,    Evidence- 

COUNTEREVIDENCE,  TRUTH-ERROR. 

chap'-trel.     Impost.     Architecture. 

char.     To  scorch.     Heating-Cooling. 

char-a-bancs  [F.J  •  (shar-a-ban  ) .  A  long  carriage. 
Conveyance-Vessel. 

char'-ac-ter.  A  person  in  a  play;  reputation;  sign; 
individuality.  Acting,  Affection,  Condition- 
Situation,  Conventionality-Unconventionality, 
Division,  Letter,  Nature-Art,  Subjectiveness- 
Objectiveness. 

char"-ac-ter-is'-tic.  Marking.  Nature-Art,  Sign, 
Subjectiveness  -  Objectiveness,  Universality  - 
Particularity,  Variation. 

char'-ac-ter-ize.  To  describe;  distinguish.  Account, 
Name-Misnomer. 

char'-ac-ter-ized.     Marked  by.     Affections. 

cha-rade'.  An  enigma  represented.  Acting,  Tidings- 
Mystery. 

char'-coal".  A  black  substance  used  for  fuel  and  in 
painting.  Combustible,  Heating-Cooling,  Paint- 
ing, Whiteness-Blackness. 

charge.  An  admonition;  an  attack;  a  position  of  care; 
a  load  of  a  firearm  or  a  battery;  a  care;  instruction; 
an  accusation.  Advice,  Attack-Defense,  Com- 
mission-Abrogation, Contents-Receiver,  Elec- 
tricity, Entirety-Deficiency,  Exchange,  Im- 
petus-Reaction, Justification-Charge,  Manage- 
ment, Occupation,  Order,  Precept,  Price-Dis- 
count, Release-Restraint;  charge  on,  Rationale- 
Luck;  charge  with,  Holding-Exemption;  in  charge, 
Guard-Prisoner;  justifiable  charge,  Justification- 
Charge;  take  charge  of,  Security-Insecurity. 

charge'-a-ble.  Capable  of  being  charged.  Credit- 
Debit;  chargeable  on,  Duty-Immunity. 

chargt  d'affaires  [F.]  (shar-zhe'  daf-far').  A  diplo- 
matic agent.    Consignee. 

char'-ger.  A  war-horse.  Belligerent,  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

char-ge'-ship.  The  office  of  a  chargt  d'affaires.  Agent, 
Chief-Underling,  Occupation. 

Char'-ing  Cross,  pro-claim'  at.  Announce  publicly. 
Publicity. 

char'-i-ot.  A  two-wheeled  vehicle.  Conveyance- 
Vessel;  drag  at  one's  chariot  wheels,  Liberty- 
Subjection. 

char"-i-ot-eer'.     A  chariot  driver.     Manager,  Way 
farer-Seafarer. 

char'-i-ta-ble.  Generous.  Charitableness-Malevo 
lence,  Generosity-Frugality,  Giving-Receiv- 
ing. 

char'-i-ta-ble-ness.  State  of  being  charitable.  Chari- 
tableness-Malevolence. 


CHARITABLENESS.  149  CHARITABLENESS— MALEVOLENCE. 

CHARITABLENESS— MALEVOLENCE. 


Almsgiving.     Gratuitous  relieving  of  the  poor  by  gifts. 

Altruism.     Charitableness  towards  others. 

Amiability.     Pleasantness  of  disposition. 

Beneficence.     Charity  in  action. 

Benevolence.     Desire  for  the  happiness  of  others. 

Benignity.     Kindliness  of  disposition. 

Bonhomie  [F.].     Good  nature. 

Bounty.     Liberality  in  giving. 

Brotherly  love.     Fraternal  affection. 

Charitableness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Charity.     Generosity  to  the  poor. 

Christian  charity.      Charity  of  a  believer  in  Christ. 

Consideration.     Kindly  regard. 

Fellow  feeling.     Sympathy. 

Friendship,  etc.  State  of  sustaining  friendly  relations,  etc.  See 
Amity. 

Generosity.     Nobleness  of  mind. 

God;sgrace.lDivinechari 

God  s  love,    i  J 

Good  feeling.     Friendliness. 

Good  nature.     Mildness  of  temper. 

Goodness  of  heart.     Good  disposition. 

Good-will.     Benevolence. 

Good  wishes.     Desire  for  the  happiness  of  others. 

Humanity.     Disposition  to  relieve  those  in  distress. 

Kindheartedness.     State  of  being  kind-hearted. 

Kindliness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Knidness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Love,  etc.     Kind  feeling,  etc.     See  Love. 

Loving  kindness.     Affectionate  feeling. 

Mercy,  etc.     Inclination  to  relieve  suffering,  etc.     See  Compassion. 

Milk  of  human  kindness.     [Fig.]    Benevolence. 

Philanthropy,  etc.  Readiness  to  do  good  to  all  mankind,  etc.  See 
Humanitarian  ism. 

Sympathy.  Kind  feeling  toward  the  suffering  growing  out  of  similar 
previous  experience. 

Tenderness.     State  of  being  susceptible  of  compassion. 

The  luxury  of  doing  good.      Pleasure  in  benevolence. 

Toleration.  State  of  putting  up  with  opinions  or  beliefs  contrary 
to  our  own. 

Unselfishness,  etc.  State  of  not  being  selfish,  etc.  See  Selfishness- 
Unselfishness. 

Warmth  of  heart.      Benevolence. 

Charitableness — Denotations. 

Acts  of  kindness.     Expression  of  charity. 

A  good  turn.     A  helpful  deed. 

Good  offices.     A  service  performed  for  another. 

Good  treatment.     Kindness. 

Good  works.     Kind  and  helpful  deeds. 

Kind  offices.     See  Good  Offices. 

Kind  treatment.     See  Good  Treatment. 

Charitableness — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Bon  enfant  [F.].     A  good  fellow. 

Good  Samaritan.     One  given  to  deeds  of  kindness.     [Bible.] 

Sympathizer.     One  who  sympathizes. 

Charitableness — Verbs. 

Aid,  etc.     To  render  assistance,  etc.     See  Obstruction-Help. 
Benefit.     To  be  of  use  to. 
Fraternize.     To  treat  as  a  companion. 

Charitableness — Verbal  Expressions. 

Bear  good-will;  be  benevolent,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  be  interested  in; 
be  of  use;  do  a  good  turn;  do  as  you  would  be  done  by;  do  good; 
enter  into  the  feelings  of  others;  feel  an  interest  in;  feel  for;  feel 
interested  in;  give  comfort;  have  one*s  heart  in  the  right  place, 
to  be  generous;  meet  half  way,  to  concede  half  of  the  difference 
in  order  to  make  a  compromise;  regard  with  an  eye  of  favor; 
render  a  service;  smooth  the  bed  of  death,  to  make  one's  last  hours 
pleasant;  sympathize  with,  to  have  a  common  feeling  with;  take 
an  interest  in;  take  in  good  part;  treat  well;  view  with  an  eye  of 
favor;  wish  Godspeed;  wish  well. 

Charitableness — Adjectives. 

Accommodating.     Given  to  doing  kindnesses  or  granting  favors. 
Amiable.     Having  a  pleasing  disposition. 
Beneficent,      Doing  good. 


Acerbity.     Harshness. 

Atrocity.     Extreme  wickedness. 

Bad  blood.     Ill  feeling.  — 

Bad  intent.     Evil  purpose. 

Bad  intention.     Ill  design. 

Barbarity.     State  of  being  brutal  or  uncivilized. 

Brutality.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  like  a  brute. 

Churlishness,    etc.     Rudeness    of    temper,    etc.     See    Politeness- 

Impoliteness. 
Cruelness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Cruelty.     A  disposition  to  inflict  unnecessary  suffering  on  others. 
Despite.     Malicious  hate. 
Diskindness.     State  of  being  unkind. 
Enmity,  etc.     The  quality  of  being  an  enemy,  etc.     See  Amity- 

Hostility. 
Ferity.     State  of  being  wild  or  fierce  in  disposition. 
Ferocity.     Fierceness;  cruelty. 
Gall.     Bitterness  of  feeling. 

Hardness  of  heart.     State  of  being  void  of  sympathy. 
Hate,  etc.     Intense  dislike  or  aversion  coupled  with  a  desire  to  do 

injury,  etc.     See  Love-Hate. 
Heart  of  stone.     Hard-heartedness. 
Ill  blood.     Hatred. 

Ill  nature.     Bad  temper;  peevishness. 
Ill  usage.     Bad  treatment  of  a  person  or  thing. 
Ill  will.     Enmity. 

Immanity.     The  state  of  being  atrocious  or  fierce. 
Incompassionateness,  etc.     State  of  being  void  of  pity,  etc.     See 

COMPASSION-RUTHLESSNESS. 

Inhumanity.     State  of  being  inhumane  or  cruel. 

Intolerance.     Refusal  to  allow  others  to  enjoy  their  rights. 

Malevolence.     A  disposition  to  injure  others. 

Malice.     Active  malevolence. 

Malice  prepense.     Deliberate  purpose  of  doing  evil. 

Maliciousness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Malignity.       Cruel   malevolence ;    love    of  harm    for    the    sake   ol 

doing  it. 
Mordacity.     The  quality  of  being  biting  or  sarcastic. 
Obduracy.     State  of  being  stubbornly  wicked. 
Persecution.     The  act  of  besetting  with  cruelty. 
Rancor.     Bitter  hatred;   spitefulness. 
Rankling.     State  of  inflamed  passion. 
Resentment,  etc.     Anger  excited  by  a  sense  of  personal  injury,  etc. 

See  Favorite-Anger. 
Ruffianism.     Conduct  of  a  ruffian. 
Savagery.     The  state  of  being  savage. 
Spite.     Mean  hatred;  petty  malice. 
Tender  mercies.     Ironical  expression  for  cruelty. 
Torture.     Infliction  of  extreme  bodily  pain. 
Truculence.     Fierceness  of  manners. 
Uncharitable ness,  etc.     See  Adjectives . 

"Unkindest  cut  of  all. "     [Shakespeare. J     Injury  hardest  to  bear. 
Unkindness.     See  Adjectives. 
Venom.     Malice;  spite. 
Virulence.     Bitter  enmity. 

Malevolence — Associated  Words. 

Affront.     See  Regard-Disrespect. 

Bad  turn.     An  evil  or  harmful  deed. 

Cloven  foot.     A  sign  of  a  devilish  character. 

Evil  eye.  An  eye  supposed  to  inflict  injury  by  some  magical  influ- 
ence.   The  eye  of  envy. 

Ill  turn.     A  harmful  act  toward  another. 

Outrage.     An  act  of  violence  or  cruelty. 

Vivisection.  The  cutting  of  an  animal  alive  for  the  purpose  of 
physiological  investigation. 

Malevolence — Verbs. 

Annoy,  etc.     To  disturb  or  vex,  etc.     See  Pleasurableness-Pain- 

fulness. 
Bait.     To  harass  or  worry. 
Disoblige.     To  offend  by  an  unkind  act. 
Dragoon.     To  enforce  submission  by  violent  means- 
Grind.     To  oppress  by  harsh  exactions;  to  bring  to  the  grindstone. 
Harass.     To  tire  one  with  importunity  or  care. 
Harm.     To  do  injury  to. 
Harry.     To  tease  or  worry. 
Haunt.     To  visit  with  a  view  to  injury. 


CHARITABLENESS. 


150 


CHARITABLENESS— MALEVOLENCE. 


-     CHARITABLENESS- 
CHARITABLENESS—  Adjectives— Continued. 


-MALEVOLENCE—  Continued. 

MALEVOLENCE—  Verbs— Continued. 


Benevolent.     Possessing  a  disposition  to  do  good. 
Benignant.     Kind;  helpful  in  influence. 
Bounteous.     Characterized  by  liberality. 
Bountiful.      Liberal  in  giving. 
Broad-hearted.     Generous;  liberal. 

Brotherly.     Having  the  nature  of  a  brother;    hence,  kind,  affec- 
tionate. 
Charitable.     Good  to  the  poor  and  helpless. 
Complacent.     Self  -approved ;  contented. 
Complaisant,  etc.     Anxious  to  please,  etc.     See  Politeness. 
Fatherly.     Having  the  nature  or  disposition  of  a  father 
Fraternal.     Brotherly. 

Friendly,  etc.     Disposed  to  help  or  assist  others,  etc.     See  Amity. 
Good-humored.      Having  a  pleasant  temper. 
Good-natured.      Having  a  disposition  to  please  and  be  pleased. 
Gracious.     Showing  mercy  or  grace. 

Humane.     Disposed  to  treat  man  and  lower  animals  with  kindness. 
Indulgent.     Inclined  to  yield  to  the  desires  of  those  under  our  care. 
Kind.     Desirous  of  the  happiness  of  others. 
-Kind-hearted.     Of  a  sympathetic  nature. 
Kindly.     Sympathetic.  ' 
Large-hearted.     Generous. 
Maternal.      Motherly. 

Merciful,  etc.     Characterized  by  pity,  etc.     See  Compassion. 
Motherly.     Having  the  disposition  of  a  mother;  hence,  tender,  com- 
passionate. 
Obliging.     Given  to  doing  favors. 
Paternal.     Fatherly. 

Sisterly.      Having  the  disposition  of  a  sister. 
Spleenless.      Gentle;  kind. 
Sympathetic.     Given  to  sympathy. 
Sympathizing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Tender-hearted.      Very  sensitive  to  impressions;  affectionate. 
Warm-hearted.      Possessed  of  strong  affection. 
Well-intentioned.      Having  good  purposes. 
Well-meaning.     Of  a  good  intention. 
Well-meant.      Having  had  a  good  intention. 
Well-natured.     Good-natured. 

Charitableness  —Adverbial  Expressions. 
With  a  good  intention;   with  the  best  intentions. 

Charitableness — Interjections. 

Gods-peed.      Success. 
Much  good  may  it  do. 

Charitableness — Phrases. 

Date  obolum  Belisario   [L.],  give  a  penny  to  Belisarius;  de  mortuis 
nil  nisi  bonum  [L.],  of  the  dead  say  nothing  but  good. 


MALEVOLENCE—  Adjectives— Continued  from  Column  2. 

Maleficent.     Causing  harm  or  evil  to  others. 
Malevolent.      Disposed  to  harm  or  injure  others. 
Malicious.     Delighting  in  harming  others  for  its  own  sake. 
Malign.     Evilly  disposed  toward  others. 
Malignant.     Virulently  bent  upon  doing  harm  or  evil. 
Marble-hearted.      Unsympathetic;  stony-hearted. 
Mordacious.      Biting ;   severe. 

Rancorous.     Characterized  by  rancor;  intensely  malignant- 
Relentless,   etc.     Void    of   pity   or  tenderness,   etc.     See   Pardon- 

Vindictiveness. 
Ruthless,  etc.     Having  no  pity,  etc.     See  Compassion-Ruthxess- 

ness. 
Satanic.     Possessed  of  the  qualities  of  Satan. 
Spiteful.      Full  of  spite. 
Stony-hearted .      U  nsympathetic . 
Sullen,    etc.      Habitually    sulky    or   morose,    etc.     See    Favorite- 

Morosenbss. 
Surly.     Crabbed;  rough. 
Tameless.      Not  capable  of  being  tamed. 
Truculent.     Ferocious;  cruel. 
Unamiable.      Not  friendly;  ill-natured. 
Unbenevolent.     Lacking  benevolence 
Unbenign.      Malignant. 
Uncandid.      Not  candid. 


Hound.     To  chase  as  with  hounds. 

Hurt,  etc.     To  inflict  physical  injury,  etc.     See  Pleasure-Pain. 

Ill-treat.     To  use  badly. 

IU-use.     To  mistreat. 

Injure.     To  harm  or  wrong. 

Malign.     To  defame;  to  treat  with  enmity. 

Maltreat.     To  treat  badly. 

Molest.     To  annoy  or  interfere  with. 

Oppress.     To  treat  with  excessive  severity. 

Outrage.     To  treat  with  violence  or  abuse. 

Persecute.        To    continually    annoy,    especially     on     account    of 

religion. 
Tease.     To  annoy  by  impertinent  importunities. 
Worry.     To  vex  with  care  and  anxiety. 
Wrong.     To  treat  unjustly. 

Malevolence — Verbal  Expressions. 

Bear  a  grudge,  etc.;  bear  malice,  etc.;  bear  spleen,  etc.  (see  Nouns): 
be  malevolent,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  betray  the  cloven  foot,  to 
betray  an  evil  purpose;  break  a  butterfly  on  the  wheel;  dip  one's 
hands  in  blood,  to  commit  murder;  do  an  ill  office  to;  do  harm; 
do  one's  worst;  harbor  a  grudge,  harbor  malice,  harbor  spleen,  etc. 
(see  Nouns);  have  no  mercy,  etc.  (see  Compassion-Ruthless- 
ness);  hunt  down,  to  chase;  imbrue  one's  hands  in  blood,  to 
commit  murder;  plant  a  thorn  in  the  breast;  play  the  devil  with, 
to  greatly  injure;  show  the  cloven  foot,  to  betray  an  evil  purpose; 
throw  stones  at,  to  vex  with  slurs;  wreak  one's  malice  on,  to  injure 
maliciously. 

Malevolence — Adjectives 

Acrimonious.     Exhibiting  bitterness  of  temper. 

Atrocious.     Extremely  wicked. 

Barbarous.  Marked  by  coarseness  and  brutality,  especially  of 
speech. 

Bitter.     Severe;  harsh;  cruel. 

Bloodthirsty,  etc.     Anxious  to  shed  blood,  etc.     See  Life-Killing. 

Bloody-minded.     Bloodthirsty,  cruel. 

Brutal.     Having  the  characteristics  of  a  brute. 

Brutish.     Resembling  a  brute;  coarse;  sensual. 

Caustic.     Burning;   sarcastic. 

Churlish,  etc.  Like  a  churl;  hence,  rude,  surly,  etc.  See  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness. 

Cold-blooded.     Unsympathetic. 

Cold-hearted.     Wanting  in  feeling. 

Cruel.     Disposed  to  inflict  pain,  mental  or  physical;  bloody. 

Demoniacal.     Characteristic  of  a  demon ;  devilish. 

Despiteful.     Full  of  hatred  or  malice. 

Devilish.     Possessed  of  the  qualities  of  the  devil. 

Diabolic,      t  Like  the  devil;  *.  e.,  the  prosecutor  of  man  in  the  court 

Diabolical.  J      of  God;  nefarious. 

Disobliging.     Not  disposed  to  oblige  or  do  a  favor. 

Envenomed.     Poisoned  with  hatred  or  malice. 

Evil-disposed,     Inclined  toward  evil. 

Evil-minded.     Wicked;  atrocious. 

Fell.     Cruel;  savage. 

Ferine.     Untamed;  malignant. 

Ferocious.     Savage  or  ravenous  in  disposition. 

Fiendlike  }  Acting  ^^e  a  fiend;*',  e.,  one  hating  mankind. 

Flint-hearted.     Hard-hearted ;  unsympathetic. 

Galling.     Irritating;  vexing. 

Grinding.     Very  oppressing;  pressing  to  the  grindstone. 

Hard  o^heart  i  LackinS  in  feeling;  unsympathetic. 
Harsh.     Abusive;  disagreeable. 
Hellish.     Like  hell;  diabolical. 

Ill-conditioned.     In  bad  or  unfavorable  circumstances. 
Ill-contrived.     Poorly  planned  or  designed. 
Ill-disposed.     Badly  inclined. 
Ill-intentioned.     Having  an  evil  purpose. 
Ill-natured.     Having  a  bad  temper;  surly. 
Incendiary.     Kindling  hate  or  factions. 
Infernal.     Suitable  for  hell  or  its  inhabitants. 
Inhuman,     Void  of  human  qualities;  hence,  brutal,  cruel. 
Void  of  the  feelings  of  humanity. 
Indifferent  to  obligation. 
Provoking  envy. 

(Continued  on  Column  1.) 


Inhumane. 
Inofficious. 
Invidious. 


CHARITABLENESS— MALEVOLENCE. 


151 


CHARITABLENESS— MENACE. 


MALEVOLENCE— Adjectives— Continued. 


Uncharitable.     Wanting  in  charity. 
Unfriendly.     Void  of  kindness  or  benevolence. 
Ungracious.     Not  gracious. 
Unkind.     Lacking  in  sympathy  or  gratitude. 


Unnatural.     Contrary  to  nature. 
Untamed.     Not  tamed. 
Venomous.     Poisonous;  mischievous. 
Virulent.     Very  active  to  do  injury. 


Malevolence — Adjective  Expressions, 
Savage  as  a  bear;  savage  as  a  tiger. 

Malevolence — Adverbs. 
Malevolently,  etc.     See  Adjectives.    With  bad  intent,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

CHARITABLENESS— CURSE. 


Curse. 

Abuse.     Malignant  condemnation. 

Anathema.     A  formal  ecclesiastical  ban  or  curse. 

Ban.     An  edict  of  official  prohibition. 

Commination.     A  denunciation  or  threatening. 

Curse.     Calamity  invoked  or  threatened. 

Cursing.     Act  of  invoking  evil  upon  another.     See  Verbs. 

Denunciation.     Proclamation,  as  of  impending  evil. 

Excommunication.  An  expulsion  from  church  membership  and 
communion. 

Execration.     The  act  of  calling  down  evil  upon  a  person. 

Fulmination.     Censures  or  threats  thundered  against  one. 

Imprecation.     A  prayer  that  a  curse  or  calamity  may  fall  on  any  one. 

Invective,  etc.  Something  uttered  or  written,  intended  to  cast  dis- 
grace, censure,  or  reproach  on  another,  etc.  See  Approval- 
Disapproval. 

Malediction.  An  utterance,  denoting  bitter  reproach,  or  wishes  and 
predictions  of  evil. 

Malison.     A  prayer  invoking  evil  or  injury  upon  any  one. 

Maranatha  (] Aramaic].      The  Lord  hath  come;    used  to    intensify 

ANATHEMA. 

Oath.     A  careless  and  blasphemous  use  of  the  name  of  the  divine 

Being. 
Proscription.     A  dooming  to  death  or  exile;  especially  the  dooming 

of  a  political  enemy. 
Threat.     An  attempt  to  alarm,  with  the  promise  of  something  evil 

or  disagreeable. 

Curse — Denotations. 

Bad  language.     Foul  or  blasphemous  speech. 

Billingsgate.  Vulgar,  abusive  language,  as  of  the  fish-market  near 
Billingsgate. 

Evil  speaking.     Slanderous  language. 

Foul  language.     Abusive,  profane,  or  obscene  talk. 

Profane  swearing.     Vulgar  use  of  holy  names  in  oaths  and  curses. 

Sauce.  Pert  speech,  which  gives  a  sauce  to  one's  good  wit.  [Shake- 
speare. | 

Strong  language.     Speech  characterized  by  violence. 

Unparliamentary  language.     Language  violating  the  rules  of  order. 

Curse — Verbs. 

Accurse.     To  doom  to  misery  or  evil. 

Anathematize.     To  condemn  publicly  as  something  accursed. 


Beshrew.     A  very  mild  form  of  cursing  a  person. 

Curse.     To  desire  evil,  upon  oath  or  in  the  most  solemn  manner. 

Damn.     To  doom  to  punishment  in  the  future  world. 

Denounce.  To  point  out  as  deserving  of  reprehension  or  punish- 
ment. 

Excommunicate.  To  cut  off  from  church  membership  and  com- 
munion. 

Execrate.     To  protest  against  as  unholy  or  detestable. 

Fulminate.  To  thunder  censures  or  denunciations;  especially  men- 
aces or  censures  uttered  by  an  ecclesiastical  authority. 

Imprecate.     To  call  down  by  prayer  something  hurtful  or  calamitous. 

Proscribe.     To  outlaw. 

Scold.     To  rebuke  with  severity. 

Swear         t 

Swear  at  I  ^°  spea^  emphatically;  to  utter  profanity. 

Threaten.     To  inspire  with  fear. 

Curse — Verbal  Expressions. 

Call  down  curses  on  the  head  of,  to  appeal  to  God  for  evil  upon 
any  one;  curse  and  swear,  to  call  upon  God  profanely  for  the  ful- 
filment of  an  evil;  curse  with  bell,  book,  and  candle,  to  excom- 
municate from  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  by  tolling  a  bell,  as 
for  the  dead,  closing  the  book  of  worship  and  extinguishing  a 
candle;  devote  to  destruction,  to  doom  to  destruction  by  vow; 
fall  a  cursing,  to  use  profanity;  hold  up  to  execration,  to  expose 
to  strongest  curses;  swear  like  a  trooper,  to  swear  violently; 
"swore  terribly  in  Flanders"  [to  my  Uncle  Toby,  in  Tristram 
Shandy,  iii,  n,  L.  Sterne];  thunder  at,  to  talk  in  a  harsh  loud 
tone. 

Curse — Interjections. 

Aroynt  I  Begone !  Beshrew  I  Blast  I  Confound  I  Confusion  seize  I 
Curse!  Damn!  Devil  take!  Hang!  Honi  soit !  [F.],  evil  to 
you.  Ill  betide!  Out  upon!  Out  with!  Parbleuf  [F  ],  by  Godl 
Plague  upon!  Ruat  caelum!  [L.],  let  the  heavens  fall!  Wo 
betide!      Wo  to! 

Curs  e — Phrases. 

Delenda  est  Carthago  [L.].     Carthage  must  be  destroyed.       [Cato, 

the  elder,  in  every  speech.] 
More  bark  than  bite.     Empty  threats. 
Thunders  of  the  Vatican.     The  decrees  and  sentences  of  the  Pope. 


CHARITABLENESS— MENACE. 


Menace. 

Abuse.     Coarse,  insulting  language. 

Commination,  etc.     A  divine  threatening  or  denunciation,  etc.     See 

Charitableness -Curse. 
Defiance,  etc.     The  act  of  provoking  an  encounter;  a  challenge,  etc. 

See  Defiance. 
Fulmination.     The  act  of  fulminating  or  thundering  forth  threats. 
Intim*dation.     The  act  of  making  fearful  or  afraid  by  threats. 
Menace.     The  show  of  an  intention  to  do  harm  or  evil. 
Minacity.     Disposition  or  inclination  to  threaten. 
Threat.     The  expressed  determination  to  inflict  evil  or  injury  on 

another 

Menace — Figurative  Expressions. 

Gathering  clouds,  etc.     A  presaging  or  foreboding  of  a  passionate 
outbreak,  etc.     See  Warning. 


Menace — Verbs. 

Bark.     To  make  a  loud,  explosive  noise  with  the  vocal  organs,  such 

as  a  dog  makes;  hence,  to  clamor. 
Bluster.     To  utter  boastful  threats. 

Bully.     To  intimidate  by  threats  and  an  overbearing  manner. 
Defy,  etc.     To  challenge  or  treat  with  contempt,  etc.    See  Defiance. 
Fulminate.     To  utter  or  thunder  forth  threats. 
Gnarl.     To  growl. 

Growl.     To  utter  an  angry  sound ;  to  grumble. 
Intimidate,  etc.     To  make  fearful,  as  by  threats,  etc.     See  Sanguine- 

NESS-TlMIDITY. 

Menace.     To  make  a  show  of  inflicting  injury  or  evil  upon. 

Mutter.     To  utter  in  a  low  voice;  to  growl. 

Snarl.     To  utter  in  a  surly  voice;  to  growl  harshly. 

Threat.     To  threaten 

Threaten.     To  present  the  appearance  of  approaching  evil  or  harm 

Thunder.     To  publish  forth,  as  a  threat  or  a  menace 


CHARITABLENESS— MENACE. 


152 


CHATTY. 


CHARITABLENESS— MENACE— Continued. 
Menace — Verbal  Expressions. 


Clinch  the  fist  at,  double  the  fist  atf  to  defy;  hold  out  in  terrorem  [L.]f 
to  give  as  a  warning;  hold  up  in  terrorem  [L.];  keep  in  terrorem 
[L-l,  to  hold  in  suspense ;  look  daggers,  to  look  fiercely ;  shake  the 


fist  at;  talk  big,  to  speak  in  a  menacing  tone;  use  big  words,  to 

make  boastful  threats. 


Abusive.     Containing  abuse  or  insulting  words. 
Black-browed.     Threatening. 
Comminatory.     Threatening  punishment. 
Defiant,  etc.     Bold;  insolent,  etc.     See  Defiance. 
In  terrorem  [L.].     By  way  of  warning. 
Menacing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 


Under  the  ban.     Forbidden ;  excommunicated. 


At  your  peril  I 
Do  your  worst! 


Menace — Adjectives. 

Minacious.     Threatening. 

Minatory.     Threatening  or  menacing. 

Ominous,  etc.     Presaging  or  foreboding  evil ;  inauspicious,  etc. 

Prophecy. 
Threatening,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Menace— Adjective  Expression. 

Menace — Interjections. 

VtE  victisl  [L.J     Wo  to  the  vanquished. 


See 


char'-i-ty.  Benevolence;  almsgiving;  liberality  in  giv- 
ing.   Charitableness-Malevolence,    Compassion- 

RUTHLESSNESS,     GENEROSITY  -  FRUGALITY,     GlVING- 

Receiving;  charity  that  begins  at  home,  Unsel- 
fishness-Selfishness; Christian  charity,  Chari- 
tableness-Malevolence; cold  as  charity,  Sensi- 
tiveness-Apathy. 

char"-i-var'-i.  A  serenade.  Crash-Drumming,  Loud- 
ness-Faintness., 

char'-la-tan.  A  quack;  a  mountebank.  Bragging, 
Gull-Deceiver,  Scholar-Dunce,  Society-Affec- 
tation, Wag. 

char'-la-tan-ism.  The  practise  of  charlatanry.  Affec- 
tation, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

char'-la-tan-ry.  Quackery.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

Charles's  Wain  [Charlemagne].  The  Great  Bear. 
Universe. 

Char'-ley  [man  of  Charles  I.].  A  night-watchman. 
Guard-Prisoner. 

charm.  Fascination;  spell;  amulet.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Devotion-Charm,  Devotion-Magic,  Love- 
Hate,  Motive-Caprice,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness;  bear  a  charmed  life,  Security-Insecurity, 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

charmed.     Fascinated.     Love-Hate. 

charm'-er.  One  who  charms.  Devotion-Magician; 
not  listen  to  the  voice  of  the  charmer,  Persistence- 
Whim  ;  voice  of  the  charmer,  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment. 

charm'-ing.    Fascinating.    Love-Hate,  Pleasurable- 

"  ness-Painfulness. 

char'-nel-house".  A  depository  for  dead  bones.  Life- 
Funeral. 

chart.  A  map;  a  sheet  showing  facts.  Advice,  De- 
lineation-Caricature,   Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

char'-ter.  The  leasing  of  a  vessel;  an  act  of  incorpora- 
tion; the  writing  of  incorporation.  Commission- 
Abrogation,  Contract,  Dueness-Undueness, 
Law-Lawlessness,  Leave-Prohibition,  Security; 
charter  poll,  Security. 

char'-tered.  Legally  established.  Dueness-Undue- 
ness, Law-Lawlessness;  chartered  libertine,  Pur- 
ity-Rake. 

char'-wom"-an.  A  chore-woman.  Agent,  Chief- 
Underling. 

char'-y.  Frugal;  cautious.  Extravagance-Avarice, 
Generosity-Frugality,  Recklessness-Caution. 

Cha-ryb'-dis.  Fabled  rock  dangerous  to  mariners. 
Revolution-Evolution. 

chase.  Pursuit;  part  of  a  cannon;  ornamentation;  a 
game  preserve.  Attraction-Repulsion,  Convex- 
ity -  Concavity,    Embellishment  -  Disfigurement, 


Fauna-Flora,  Life-Killing,  Quest- Evasion, 
Skill -Unskilfulness;  wild  goose  chase,  Choice- 
Whim,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

cha'-ser.    One  who  chases  or  embosses.    Artist. 

chasm.  A  yawning  hollow.  Aperture-Closure, 
Interspace-Contact. 

chassemaree  [F.]  (shas-ma-re') .  A  fish-boat.  Convey- 
ance-Vessel. 

chasse'-pot.     A  gun.     Weapon. 

chasser  [F.]  (sha-se').  To  pursue.  Admission-Ex- 
pulsion. 

chasser  balancer  [F.]  (sha-s£'  ba-lan--s§').  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation. 

chas"-seur'.    A  light-armed  soldier.     Belligerent. 

chaste.  Pure;  undefiled.  Circle-Winding,  Embel- 
lishment-Simplicity, Purity-Crudeness,  Purity- 
Impurity,  Simplicity-Floridness,  Taste-Vulgar- 
ity. 

cha'-sten.  To  punish;  to  calm.  Recompense-Puni- 
tion,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

cha'-stened.    Subdued.  Excitability-Inexcitability. 

cha'-sten-ing.    Chastisement.    Recompense-Punition. 

chas-tise'.  To  correct;  to  punish.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Recompense-Punition;  chastise  with  scor- 
pions, Harshness-Mildness. 

chas'-tise-ment.   Punishment.  Recompense-Punition. 

chas'-ti-ty.  Purity.  Embellishment-Simplicity,  Pur- 
ity-Impurity. 

chas'-u-ble.     A  sleeveless  mantle.     Vestments. 

chat.     Gossipy  talk.     Conversation-Monologue. 

chateau  [F.]  (sha-to).  A  country  mansion.  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Fancy. 

chateau  en  Espagne  [F.]  (sha-t6  an'  es-pcury').  A 
castle  in  Spain.  Fancy,  Sanguineness-Hopeless- 
ness. 

chat'-e-laine.  A  chain.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

chatoyant  [F.]  (sha-twa-i-an'').  Shot-colored.  Varie- 
gation. 

chat  qui  dort  [F.]  (sha  ki  dor).  The  cat  which  sleeps. 
Refuge-Pitfall,  Warning. 

chat'-tels.  Any  movable  property.  Instrument 
Property. 

chat'-ter.    Idle  prattle.    Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

chat'-ter-box".  An  idle  prattler.  Talkativeness- 
Taciturnity. 

chat'-ter-er.  Prattler.  Conversation-Monolog  je, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

chat'-ter-ing.  Prattling.  Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

chat'-ter-ing  of  the  teeth.    Trembling.    Heat-Cold. 

chat'-ty.  Loquacious;  gossipy.  Conversation-Mono- 
logue, Sociability-Privacy,  Talkativeness-Taci- 


CHAUFFEUR. 


153 


CHEMISTRY. 


chauf-feur'.  One  who  directs  an  automobile.  Man- 
ager. 

chaunt.  Same  as  chant.  Devotion-Idolatry,  Music, 
Musician. 

chausse  [F.]  (shos).    A  stocking.     Dress-Undress. 

chau'-vin-ism.  Extravagant  patriotism.  Bragging, 
Patri  otism-Treason. 

chau"-vin-is'-tic.  Demonstrative  in  patriotism.  Patri- 
otism-Treason. 

chaw'-ba"-con.  A  country  bumpkin.  Gentility- 
Democracy. 

cheap.  Worthless;  of  low  price.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Costliness-Cheapness;  hold  cheap, 
Regard-Scorn. 

cheap'-en.  To  make  cheap.  Exchange,  Extrava- 
gance-Avarice. 

cheap'-ness.  State  of  being  cheap.  Costliness-Cheap- 
ness. 

cheat.  A  fraud;  a  cheater.  Gull-Deceiver,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

check.  Restraint;  a  mark  for  verification;  to  mark  off; 
an  order  for  money ;  a  rebuke ;  curb ;  a  printed  design 
in  squares.  Cooperation-Opposition,  Evidence- 
counterevidence,  mensuration,  money,  motive- 
Dehortation,  Numbering,  Obstruction-Help, 
Refuge-Pitfall,  Release-Restraint,  Sign, 
Swiftness-Slowness,  Trial,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness, Variegation;  check  oneself,  Excitability- 
Inexcitability;  check  the  growth,  Length-Short- 
ness. 

check'-ered.  Divided  into  squares  of  different  colors. 
Variegation. 

check'-ers.     A  game.     Variegation. 

check'-mate" .     To  defeat.     Success-Failure. 

check'-rein".     A  bearing-rein.     Release-Restraint. 

check'-roll".     A  record  of  checks.     Record. 

eheck'-string".  A  check.  Pull  the  checkstring,  Discon- 
tinuance-Continuance. 

cheek.  Side  of  face.  Laterality-Contraposition; 
cheek  by  jowl,  Laterality-Contraposition,  Re- 
moteness-Nearness, Solitude-Company;  cheeks, 
Duality. 

cheep.     A  weak  chirp.     Cry-Ululation. 

cheer.  Entertainment;  state  of  mirth;  applause;  to 
encourage.  Alleviation-Aggravation,  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Bravery-Cowardice,  Cry-Ulula- 
tion, Entertainment-Weariness,  Jubilation- 
Lamentation,  Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Nu- 
triment-Excretion, Obstruction-Help,  Pleas- 
ure-Pain, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Sociability- 
Privacy;  good  cheer,  Fasting-Gluttony,  San- 
ouineness-Hopelessness. 

cheer'-ful.  Joyous.  Contentedness-Discontent, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

cheer'-ful-ly.  In  a  cheerful  manner.  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection. 

cheer'-ful-ness.  State  of  being  cheerful.  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection. 

cheer'-ing.     Encouraging.     Regard-Disrespect,  San- 

GUINENESS-H  OPEL  ESSN  ESS. 

cheer'-less.  Without  hope.  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection, Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Regard- 
Disrespect. 

cheer'-ly.     Cheering.      Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

cheer'-y.    Joyous.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

cheese'-par"-ings.  Miserly;  the  remains.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Generosity-Frugality,  Increment- 
Remnant. 

chef  de  cuisine  [F.]  (shef  de  cwi-zin').  Head  cook. 
Adept-Bungler,  Chief-Underling. 

chef-d'oeuvre  [F.]  (she-duvr').  Masterpiece.  Good- 
ness-Badness, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

chem'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  chemistry.  Chemistry; 
chemical  crystallography,  Mineralogy. 


chemin  de  fleurs  ne  conduit  a  la  gloire,  aucun  [F.] 
(she-man-  de  flur  ne  con'-dwit'  a  la  glwar,  o-cun'). 
There  is  no  pathway  of  flowers  that  leads  to  glory. 
Difficulty-Facility,  Reputation-Discredit. 

chemin  faisant  [F.J  (she-man''  fe-zcur').  In  passing. 
Transfer. 

che-mise'.  A  woman's  undergarment.  Dress-Un- 
dress. 

chem'-ist.    One  skilled  in  chemistry.    Chemistry. 

chem'-is-try.  Science  of  composition  of  substances. 
Chemistry,  Conversion-Reversion;  organic  chem- 
istry, Organization-Inorganization. 

CHEMISTRY. 

Chemistry.  The  science  of  the  composition  of  bodies  and  the  spe- 
cific properties  of  matter. 

Chemistry— Associated  Words. 

Acetone.     Inflammable  liquid  used  in  making  chloroform. 

Acetylene.     A  colorless,  offensive  gas  that  produces  an  intense  light 

Acid.     A  compound  of  hydrogen  with  a  base. 

Air.  Atmosphere,  composed  of  oxygen  and  hydrogen,  surrounding 
the  earth. 

Alkali.  Compound  of  hydrogen  and  oxygen  with  metals  like  sodium ; 
also  a  caustic  base,  such  as  soda,  potash,  ammonia. 

Alloy.     Mixture  of  metals  by  fusion. 

Ammonium.     Hypothetical  alkali  acting  like  sodium. 

Applied  chemistry.  The  study  of  the  application  and  economic  rela- 
tion of  chemistry  to  the  arts. 

Aromatic  series.     Substances  derived  from  benzene. 

Assaying.     The  process  of  making  a  chemical  analysis  of  metals. 

Atmosphere.     The  gases  surrounding  the  earth. 

Atom.     The  smallest  portion  into  which  matter  can  be  divided. 

Beaker.     Cylindrical,  glass  vessel  with  a  flaring  top. 

Bessemer  steel.  Steel  made  by  the  Bessemer  process.  [Henry  Bes- 
semer, English,  1856-58.] 

Bismuth.     One  of  the  metallic  elements. 

Blast-furnace.     Furnace  in  which  heat  is  intensified  by  forcing  in  air. 

Blowpipe.     Tube  through  which  air  is  blown  to  intensify  a  flame. 

Bone-black.     Fine  carbon  made  by  calcining  bones. 

Calomel.     Mercurous  chlorid  used  as  a  purgative. 

Carbohydrate.     Compound  of  carbon  with  hydrogen  and  oxygen. 

Carbon.     Non-metallic  element. 

Carbonate.     Compound  formed  with  carbonic  acid. 

Chemist.     One  versed  in  chemistry. 

C.hemitype.     Method  of  making  maps  in  relief  by  using  chemicals. 

Chemolysis.     Chemical  analysis. 

Chlorid.     Compound  formed  with  chlorin. 

Chlorine.  An  elementary  substance,  forming  the  compound  of 
common  salt.  When  isolated  it  appears  as  a  greenish-yellow  gas, 
exceedingly  offensive  and  poisonous. 

Chloroform.  A  volatile  liquid  formed  by  treating  alcohol  with 
chlorine  and  an  alkali. 

Coagulation  filter.     A  system  of  filtering  water. 

Cobalt.     A  metallic  element  forming  a  blue  pigment. 

Concentration  forces.  Chemical  forces  or  actions  which  reduce  to 
one  bulk  or  mass. 

Condenser.     Appliance  for  cooling  steam. 

Copper.     Reddish  metallic  element. 

Crucible.     Fusing  pot. 

Crystal.  Solid  mathematical  form  assumed  by  homogeneous  sub- 
stances. 

Cyanogen.  A  colorless,  inflammable,  poisonous  gas,  with  peach- 
blossom  odor. 

Dalton's  theory.  The  atomic  theory  of  chemistry  originated  by 
John  Dalton  (1766-1844)- 

Davy's  lamp.     Safety-lamp  invented  by  Sir  Humphrey  Davy  in  1815. 

Dialysis.     Method  of  separating  mixed  substances. 

Dioxide.     An  oxide  containing  two  atoms  of  oxygen. 

Distillation.  Separation  from  a  substance  of  parts  easily  volatilized 
by  heating  the  substance  and  condensing  the  steam. 

Distilled  water. 

Electrochemistry.  The  study  of  chemical  changes  affected  by  elec- 
tricity. 

Evaporation.     Process  of  changing  into  vapor. 

Fertilizer.     Substance  used  to  enrich  the  soil. 

Filter-paper.     Soft  paper  used  for  filtering. 

Flask.     Bottle. 

Flint  glass.     Glass  containing  lead. 

Flux.     Substance  that  promotes  the  fusing  of  metals  or  minerals. 

Fractional  distillation.  The  process  of  redistilling  the  product  of 
previous  distillation. 


CHEMISTRY. 


154 


CHICKEN. 


Gas.     The  aeriform  state  of  matter. 

Glass  tubing.     Pipes  made  of  glass. 

Gold.     Heavy,  yellow,  metallic  element. 

Graduate.     A  graduated  vessel. 

Graham's  law.  The  law  that  "the  velocity  of  the  diffusion  of  gases 
varies  inversely  as  the  square  root  of  their  specific  gravities,"  dis- 
covered by  Thomas  Graham  (1805-1869). 

Graphic  symbols.     Symbols  for  representing  chemical  substances. 

Graphite.     Dark,  metallic  variety  of  carbon. 

Hard  water.     Water  containing  minerals  in  solution. 

Hot  blast.     Hot  air  blown  into  a  smelting-furnace. 

Hydrochloric  acid.     Colorless,  corrosive  gas  easily  soluble  in  water. 

Hydrogen.     A  gaseous  element,  found  in  great  abundance  in  the  air. 

Hydroxid.     Compound  containing  the  hydroxyl  group. 

Hydrosulphite.     A  compound  of  hydrosulfurous  acid  and  a  base. 

Hydroxyl.     A  compound  of  one  atom  of  hydrogen  and  one  of  oxygen. 

Inorganic  chemistry.  The  chemistry  of  metals  and  non-metals  ex- 
cepting carbon. 

Intermittent  sand  filtration.     Method  of  filtering  water. 

Iodin.     Crystalline  element  giving  off  violet  fumes  when  heated. 

Iron.     Common  metallic  element. 

Isocyanid.     A  hydrocarbon  compound  with  cyanogen. 

Lavoisier  (Antoine  Laurent).  French  chemist  (1 743-1794),  founder 
of  modern  chemistry. 

Lead.     Metallic  element. 

Lithium.     Metallic  element,  silver-white,  and  the  lightest  of  metals. 

Mercury.     Bright,  liquid,  metallic  element. 

Metal.     A  substance  that  is  opaque  and  possesses  a  peculiar  luster. 

Molecule.     Smallest  physical  division  of  matter. 

Mortar.     Mixture  of  sand  and  slaked  lime. 

Naphtha.     Light,  colorless,  inflammable  oil  from  bituminous  shale. 

Nickel.     Bright,  hard,  metallic  element 

Nitric  acid.     Colorless  corrosive  liquid. 

Nitrogen.  A  gaseous,  colorless,  non-metallic  element,  comprising 
four-fifths  of  the  atmosphere. 

Organic  chemistry.     The  chemistry  of  the  compounds  of  carbon. 

Oxid.     Compound  of  oxygen. 

Oxygen.  A  gaseous  element  forming  twenty-three  per  cent  (weight) 
of  the  atmosphere. 

Ozone.     Gaseous  element. 

Periodic  law.  Law  suggested  by  Newlands  that  the  properties  of  an 
element  are  a  periodic  function  of  its  atomic  weight. 

Physiological  chemistry.     Chemistry  applied  to  physiology. 

Platinum.     Steel-gray  metallic  element. 

Potable  water.     Drinkable  water. 

Practical  chemistry.     Same  as  Applied  Chemistry. 

Priestley's  apparatus.  Apparatus  used  in  making  oxygen.  [English- 
American,  1733-94.] 

Replacement.  The  operation  of  one  substance  taking  the  place  of 
another  in  a  compound. 

Retort.     Vessel  used  in  distillation. 

Roasting.     Process  of  heating  ores. 

Safety-lamp.     Lamp  used  without  danger  of  explosion  from  gases 

Salt.     Compound  of  a  base  with  an  acid. 

Silica.     Silicon  dioxid  found  as  quartz  and  sand. 

Silver.     White  metallic  element. 

Slag.     Refuse  from  a  blast-furnace. 

Sodium.     Silver-white  alkaline  metallic  element. 

Specific  gravity.     The  comparative  weight  of  unit  volumes. 

Spectroscope.  An  instrument  for  forming  and  analyzing  the  spectra 
of  rays  given  off  by  substances. 

Steel.     Compound  chiefly  of  iron  and  carbon. 

Substitution.     Same  as  Replacement. 

Sugar.  Sweet  crystalline  compound  made  chiefly  from  sugar-beets 
and  sugar-cane. 

Sulfate.     Compound  of  a  base  with  sulfuric  acid. 

Sulfur.     Yellowish,  crystalline,  non-metallic  element. 

Sufuric  acid.  Oily,  colorless,  corrosive  liquid  compounded  of  hydro- 
gen, sulfur,  and  oxygen. 

Test-tube.     Slender  tube  of  glass,  used  in  making  experiments. 

Tin.     White  metallic  malleable  element. 

Tripod.     Stand  having  three  legs. 

Tungsten.     Grayish,  heavy,  metallic  element. 

Water.     Colorless  liquid  compounded  of  hydrogen  and  oxygen. 

Welsbach  lamp.  Gas-lamp  in  which  the  light  is  made  by  the  gas 
heating  a  gauze  made  of  several  elements. 

Zinc.     Grayish  white  metallic  element. 

Zincite.     Zinc  ore. 

Zincolysis.  Decomposition  of  zinc  compounds  by  electrolysis  in 
which  the  action  is  referred  to  the  zinc  element. 

Chemistry — Verbs. 

Absorb.     To  take  up  by  chemical  action. 

Coagulate.     To  change  into  a  curdlike  state  by  chemical  reaction. 


Concentrate.     To  increase  the  strength  of. 

Crystallize.     To  assume  a  solid  and  symmetrical  form. 

Decompose.     To  undergo  dissolution. 

Diffuse.     To  cause  to  flow  out  and  mingle  chemically. 

Displace.     To  remove  one  chemical  element  by  another. 

Distil.     To  extract  by  vaporization  and  condensation. 

Effloresce.     The  act  of  becoming  powdery. 

Electrolyze.     To  resolve  into  chemical  elements  by  electricity. 

Electrotype.     To  make  facsimile  plates  by  an  electrolytic  process. 

Explode.     To  transform  suddenly  into  gas  or  vapor. 

Filter.     To  remove  impurities  by  passing  through  a  porous  substance 

Ignite.     To  set  on  fire. 

Invert.     To  undergo  rearrangement  of  the  molecular  structure. 

Liberate.     To  free  from  chemical  union. 

Oxidize.     To  combine  with  oxygen. 

Replace.     To  substitute  one  element  for  another  in  a  chemical  union. 

Rust.     To  become  affected  with  a  reddish  or  yellowish  oxid. 

Chemistry — Adjectives. 

Acetic.     Pertaining  to  vinegar. 
Ferric.     Pertaining  to  iron. 
Inflammable.     That  can  be  set  on  fire. 
Insoluble.     That  cannot  be  dissolved  in  a  fluid. 
Sulfuric.     Pertaining  to  sulfur. 

chem'-i-type.  Relief  plate  for  a  map  produced  by 
chemical  processes.     Chemistry. 

che-mol'-y-sis.     Chemical  analysis.     Chemistry. 

cheque.     Check.     Money. 

cheq'-uer.      Checker.     Variegation,  Record. 

cheq'-uered.     Diversified.     Mutability-Stability. 

chere  amie[F.]  (sher  a-mi')-  Dear  mistress.  Purity- 
Rake. 

cher'-ish.  To  indulge;  to  support.  Blandishment, 
Love-Hate,  Obstruction-Help,  Patriotism-Trea- 
son; cherish  a  belief,  Faith-Misgiving;  cherish  an 
idea,  Reflection-Vacancy,  Emotion. 

cher'-ry.  A  fruit.  Two  bites  of  a  cherry,  Midcourse- 
Circuit,  Overvaluation-Undervaluation,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness. 

cher'-ry-cheeked.     Red-cheeked.    Beauty-Ugliness. 

cher'-ry-col"-ored.      Reddish.      Redness-Greenness. 

cher'-ub  (pi.  cherubim,  cherubs).  An  angelic  being. 
Angel-Satan. 

Chesh'-ire  cat,  grin  like  a.  To  grin  broadly.  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation. 

chess.     A  game.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

chess'-board".  The  board  for  playing  chess.  Varie- 
gation. 

chest.    A  large  box.    Contents-Receiver,  Treasury 

chest'-nut-col"-or.    A  dark  brown.    Gray-Brown. 

cheval-de-bataille  [F.J  (she-val'  de  ba-tay').  A  war- 
horse.    Conceit-Diffidence,  Design,  Pretext. 

chev-al'-glass.  A  large,  swinging  mirror.  Optical 
Instruments. 

chevalier  d'industrie  [F.]  (she-va-H-6'  dan*-dus-triO . 
A  swindler.     Robber. 

chevaux  de  frise  [F.]  (she-vo'  de  friz).  Obstructing 
spikes.     Attack-Defense,  Sharpness-Bluntness. 

chev'-ron.    A  sign  of  non-commissioned  officers.    Sign. 

chew.  To  grind  with  the  teeth.  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Pungency;  chew  the  cud,  Reflection- 
Vacancy;  chew  tobacco,  Pungency. 

chiar"-os-cu'-ro.  The  lights  and  shades  of  a  picture 
Gray-Brown,  Light-Darkness,  Painting,  White- 
ness-Blackness. 

chic.     Stylish.     Pomp. 

chi-cane'.  Specious  trickery.  Craft-Artlessness, 
Ratiocination-Casuistry,    Truthfulness-Fraud. 

chi-ca'-ner-y.  Scheming.  Ratiocination-Instinct, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

chick'-en.  A  young  fowl.  Fauna-Flora,  Infant- 
Veteran;  reckon  chickens  before  hatched,  Reck- 
lessness-Caution, Sanguineness-Hopelessness; 
tender  as  a  chicken,  Compassion-Ruthlessness, 
Hardness-Softness,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 


CHICKEN-HEARTED. 


155 


CHIEF— UNDERLING. 


chick'-en-heart"-ed.  Cowardly.  Bravery-Cowardice. 
chid.     Rebuked.    Approval-Disapproval. 
chide.     To  scold.     Approval-Disapproval. 
chid'-ing.     Rebuking.     Approval-Disapproval. 


chief.  A  leader.  Chief-Underling,  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  President-Member;  chief  part, 
Magnitude-Smallness  ;  evidence  in  chief,  Evidence- 
Counterevidence. 


CHIEF— UNDERLING. 


Abuna.     Head  of  Abyssinian  Church. 

Acting  corporal.     One  performing  the  duties  of  a  corporal. 

Adjutant.  A  staff  officer,  who  assists  the  colonel  or  commanding 
officer  of  a  regiment  or  garrison. 

Admiral.  A  naval  officer  of  the  highest  rank.  From  Arabic  amir, 
emir. 

Admiralty.  A  department  of  government  having  supreme  charge  of 
naval  affairs. 

Aga.     A  Turkish  noble. 

Aide-de-camp  [F.].  An  officer  who  receives  and  transmits  the  orders 
of  a  general. 

Alcaid.     The  chief  officer  of  a  Spanish  castle  or  fortress;  a  jailer. 

Alcalde  [Sp.].  An  officer  or  magistrate  in  a  Spanish  or  Spanish- 
American  town. 

Alderman.  A  member  of  a  city  legislative  body,  having  also  certain 
judicial  functions. 

Anointed  king.     Legally  crowned  king. 

Archduke.     A  son  of  the  Austrian  emperor. 

Archon.     A  chief  magistrate  in  ancient  Athens. 

Authorities.     The  persons  or  body  exercising  power  or  command. 

Autocrat.  A  supreme  ruler  whose  power  is  unrestricted  and  irre- 
sponsible. 

Bandmaster.     The  leader  of  a  band. 

Bargemaster.     A  master  of  a  barge. 

Bashaw.     An  honorary  title  given  to  persons  of  high  rank  in  Turkey. 

Beg.  I  The  governor  of  a  Turkish  town  or  province;  a  colonel  in  the 

Bey.  >      Turkish  army. 

Beglerbeg.     The  ruler  of  a  province  in  the  Ottoman  empire. 

Brigade-major.  An  officer  appointed  by  a  brigadier  to  assist  in  the 
command  of  a  brigade. 

Brigadier.     An  officer  who  commands  a  brigade  of  soldiers. 

Burgomaster.     The  chief  officer  of  a  municipal  town  in  Holland. 

Burgrave.     One  appointed  to  the  command  of  a  fortress  or  castle. 

Cadet.     A  pupil  in  a  military  or  naval  school. 

Caesar.     A  Roman  emperor;  any  emperor,  or  powerful  ruler. 

Caliph.     The  ruler  of  Turkey. 

Captain.  A  leader;  the  chief  officer  of  a  company  of  soldiers;  an 
officer  entitled  to  command  a  war-ship. 

Cazique.  A  prince  or  chief  among  the  Indian  tribes  of  Mexico  and 
South  America. 

Centurion.     The  captain  of  a  hundred  soldiers  in  the  Roman  army. 

Cham.     A  Tartar  or  Mogul  ruler. 

Chancellor.     A  judicial  officer  of  high  rank. 

Chief.  A  person  highest  in  rank  or  authority;  especially  among  the 
Indian  tribes  of  North  America. 

Chieftain.  The  civil  or  military  head  of  a  clan,  tribe,  army,  or  other 
body  of  men  among  the  Scotch  Highlanders. 

Colonel.     The  highest  officer  of  a  regiment  of  soldiers. 

Color-sergeant.  A  non-commissioned  officer  who  carries  the  flag  of  a 
regiment. 

Commandant.     An  officer  in  charge  of  a  garrison  or  military  post. 

Commander.  A  military  leader;  a  naval  officer  next  below  a  captain 
in  rank. 

Commander-in-chief.     One  holding  supreme  command. 

Commodore.  The  commander  of  a  squadron  or  division  of  a  fleet, 
ranking  between  captain  and  rear  admiral. 

Constable.     A  civil  officer  appointed  to  maintain  the  peace. 

Cornet.     The  lowest  commissioned  cavalry  officer. 

Corporal.  The  lowest  non-commissioned  officer  in  a  company  of  sol- 
diers. 

Corporal  major.     An  officer  who  assists  a  corporal. 

Corregidor  [Sp.].     The  chief  magistrate  of  a  Spanish  town. 

Czar.     The  emperor  of  Russia;  an  absolute  monarch.    [Caesar.] 

Czarina.     The  empress  of  Russia. 

Despot.     An  absolute  monarch;  a  hard  master. 

Dey .     The  ruler  of  Algiers,  Tunis,  or  Tripoli . 

Dictator.  A  person  invested  with  absolute  power,  especially  in  an 
emergency. 

Dcge.     The  elective  chief  magistrate  in  Venice  and  Genoa. 

Drum-major.     The  chief  drummer  of  a  regiment. 

Duchess.  The  wife  or  widow  of  a  duke,  or  a  woman  who  is  the  sove- 
reign of  a  duchy. 

Duke.  An  English  temporal  peer  of  the  highest  rank.  See  Gen- 
tility. 

Elector.  One  of  the  great  princes  who  had  the  right  of  electing  the 
emperc  -  of  Ge-many. 


Abigail.  A  lady's  waiting-maid.  In  The  Sorrowful  Lady,  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher.] 

Adscriptus  glebce  [L.].  Belonging  or  attached  to  the  soil;  hence 
a  servant  who  was  sold  or  exchanged  with  the  land. 

Agent,  etc.     One  who  acts  or  se  ves  for  another,  etc.     See  Con- 

A  SIGNEE. 

Ame  damnie  [F .].     A  hireling. 

Assistant  secretary.     One  who  serves  or  helps  a  secretary. 

Attacks  [F.].     One  attached  to  the  company  or  suite  of  another;  as 

in  a  diplomatic  embassy. 
Attendant.     One  who  waits  upon  or  serves  another. 
Ayah  [Sp.].     A  native  nurse  for  children;  a  lady's-maid. 
Bailiff.     A  deputy  of  a  sheriff. 
Baker.     One  who  bakes  bread. 


52X}°--«*—* 


uor  over  a  bar. 

Beadsman.  I  A  poor  man,  supported  in  an  almshouse,  and  required 

Bedesman.  /      to  pray  for  the  soul  of  its  founder. 

Beadswoman,     An  almswoman. 

Bed-maker      One  who  arranges  a  bed  for  sleeping. 

Bondmaid.     A  female  slave. 

Bondslave.     One  whose  person  and  liberty  are  subject  to  a  master. 

Bondsman.     One  who  is  bound  as  security  for  another;  a  male  slave. 

Bondswoman.     A  female  slave. 

Bonne  [F.].  A  female  servant  charged  with  the  care  of  a  young 
child. 

Butler.  A  servant  whose  principal  business  is  to  take  charge  of  the 
liquors,  plate,  etc. 

Cad.  A  person  who  stands  at  the  door  of  an  omnibus  to  open  and 
shut  it.  and  to  receive  fares",  a  vulgar  fellow. 

Camarista  [Sp.].     Maid  of  honor. 

Castellan.     A  keeper  of  a  castle. 

Chamberlain.  A  palace  official  who  regulates  the  etiquette  of  a 
court. 

Chambermaid.     A  servant  who  has  care  of  bedchambers. 

Chargeship.     Office  of  a  charge  d'affaires. 

Charwoman,  etc.  A  woman  hired  for  odd  work  or  for  single  days, 
etc.     See  Agent. 

CItef  de  cuisine  [F  ].     Head  cook. 

Cinderella.  A  figurative  expression  for  a  kitchen  servant.  [A  beau- 
tiful girl  treated  as  a  kitchen-girl  by  her  elder  sisters,  but  dis- 
closed to  the  prince  in  the  fairy  tale  current  in  many  nations.] 

Clerk.     A  hired  assistant,  who  keeps  records  and  accounts. 

Client.     One  bound  to  another,  and  expected  to  give  service. 

Confidente  [F.].     One  to  whom  one's  secrets  are  entrusted. 

Cook.     A  servant  whose  occupation  is  to  prepare  food  for  the  table. 

Cordon  bleu  [F.].     A  joking  expression  for  a  first-rate  cook. 

Cortege  [F.].     A  train  of  attendants. 

Court.  A  body  of  persons  composing  the  retinue  of  a  sovereign  or 
person  in  authority. 

Creature.  A  person  who  owes  his  rise  and  fortune  to  another;  a 
servile  dependent. 

Cupbearer.  A  servant  whose  duty  is  to  fill  and  hand  the  cups  at  an 
entertainment. 

Dependant.  I  Qne  wnQ  reues  on  another  for  support  or  favor. 

Dependent.  > 

Domestic.     A  hired  household  assistant. 

Donzel.     A  servant  of  a  knight;  a  page. 

Employ^  [F.].     A  workman  in  the  service  of  another. 

Equerry.     A  servant  charged  with  the  care  of  horses. 

Femme  de  chambre  [F.].     A  chambermaid. 

Fillc  de  chambre  [F.].     A  waiting-maid;  a  lady's-maid. 

Flunkey.  A  name  for  a  liveried  servant  or  footman,  used  in  ccs> 
tempt. 

Follower.     An  attendant;  a  dependent  associate. 

Footboy.     A  page;  an  attendant  in  livery. 

Footman.  A  male  servant  whose  duties  are  to  attend  the  door,  the 
carriage,  the  table,  etc. 

Gillie*     A  male  servant  in  the  Scottish  Highlands. 

Groom.     A  man  or  boy  who  has  charge  of  horses  or  the  stable. 

Groom  of  the  chambers.     A  servant  in  the  English  royal  household. 

Gyp.     A  college  servant  at  Cambridge  University. 

Handmaid.     A  female  servant  that  waits  at  hand. 

Hanger  on.  One  that  sticks  to  a  person  or  society  longer  than  he  is 
wanted. 

Helot.     A  bondman  or  serf  of  the  Spartans. 


CHIEF. 


156 


CHIEF— UNDERLING. 


CHIEF— UNDERLING— Continued. 


Emir.  An  independent  prince  or  commander  in  the  Mohammedan 
East. 

Emperor.     The  ruler  of  an  empire. 

Empress.  A  woman  who  rules  an  empire;  the  wife  or  widow  of  an 
emperor. 

Ensign.     The  lowest  commissioned  officer  in  the  navy. 

Etat  major  [FJ.     The  staff  of  an  army. 

Exarch.     A  governor  of  a  province  under  the  Byzantine  Empire. 

Field-marshal.  An  officer  of  the  highest  rank  in  the  armies  of  several 
European  nations. 

Fonctionnaire  [F.].     Public  of  cer. 

General.  An  officer  who  commands  a  body  of  troops  not  less  than  a 
brigade. 

Generalissimo.     A  supreme  military  commander. 

Government,     The  organization  of  power  for  the  control  of  a  state. 

Governor.  One  who  exercises  executive  control.  Pilot  of  the  ship 
of  state. 

Grand  Turk.     The  sultan  of  Turkey. 

Great  mogul.     The  sovereign  of  Hindustan ;  a  lord. 

Hetman  [Pol  J.     The  title  of  the  general  of  the  Cossacks. 

High-priest.     Principal  priest  among  the  Jews. 

Hospodar.     A  title  of  the  emperor  of  Russia. 

Imaum.     A  Mohammedan  prince. 

Imperator  [L.].     Commander  or  ruler;  emperor. 

Inca.     An  ancient  native  Peruvian  emperor  or  chief. 

Infanta.     A  princess  of  the  blood  royal  in  Spain  or  Portugal. 

Jemidar  [Per.  and  Hind.].     An  officer  in  the  native  Indian  army. 

Judge.  A  public  officer  who  is  invested  with  authority  to  hear  and 
determine  cases. 

Kaiser.     The  emperor  of  Germany.     [Caesar.] 

Khan.  An  Eastern  title  of  varying  significance,  from  a  Tartar  sove- 
reign to  any  gentleman. 

Khedive.  The  title  of  the  ruler  of  Egypt  appointed  by  the  sultan  of 
Turkey. 

King.     The  sovereign  male  ruler  of  a  kingdom. 

Knight-marshal.     High  officer  of  the  sovereign's  household. 

Laird,  etc.  The  owner  of  a  landed  estate,  etc.  [Scotch  for  lord.] 
See  Holder. 

Lama.     A  Buddhist  priest. 

Lance-corporal.     An  assistant  to  a  corporal. 

Landamman.     The  chief  magistrate  of  Swiss  cantons. 

Landgrave.     A  German  count. 

Leader,  etc .     One  who  leads  or  conducts,  etc.     See  Manager. 

Liege.     A  lord;  sovereign. 

Liege  lord.     The  lord  to  whom  one  owes  service. 

Lieutenant.  An  officer  next  below  a  captain  in  the  army;  a  naval 
officer,  in  rank  next  below  a  lieutenant-commander. 

Lieutenant- colonel.     An  army  officer  ranking  next  to  a  colonel. 

Lieutenant-general.  An  army  officer  ranking  between  a  major- 
general  and  general. 

Lord.  A  title  of  nobility  in  Great  Britain.  [Loaf-ward,  master  of  a 
family.] 

Lord-mayor.  An  honorary  title  bestowed  upon  the  chief  magistrates 
of  some  English  cities. 

Lord  paramount.     Feudal  king. 

Magistrate.     One  having  public  civil  authority. 

Maharajah.     A  sovereign  prince  in  India. 

Majesty.     A  reigning  monarch. 

Major.     A  military  officer  next  in  rank  above  a  captain. 

Major-general.  A  military  officer,  in  rank  between  a  brigadier  and  a 
lieutenant-general. 

Mandarin.     A  Chinese  civil  or  military  official. 

Marichal  [F.].     A  military  officer  of  high  rank. 

Margrave.     The  governor  of  a  German  march  or  border. 

Margravine.     The  wife  of  a  margrave. 

Marshal.     A  military  officer  of  high  rank. 

Master.  A  male  person  who  has  authority  over  others;  the  com- 
mander of  a  merchant  vessel. 

Mate.     A  petty  naval  officer 

Mayor.     The  chief  magistrate  of  a  city. 

Mayoralty.     The  office  or  term  of  a  mayor. 

Mikado.     The  ruler  of  Japan. 

Mogul.     A  ruler  among  the  Mongolian  tribes. 

Monarch.     An  hereditary  constitutional  sovereign.      [Sole ruler.] 

Nabob.     A  governor  in  India  under  the  old  Mogul  empire. 

Naik.     A  chief;  a  Sepoy  corporal. 

Navarck.     The  commander  of  a  fleet. 

Nawaub.      A  Moslem  ruler  or  viceroy  in  India. 

Nizam.      The  native  sovereigns  of  Hyderabad,  in  India. 

Non-commissioned  officer.  A  subordinate  officer  not  appointed  by 
the  chief  executive  or  supreme  authority  of  a  state. 


Help.     A  domestic  servant,  man  or  woman. 

Henchman.     A  servant  or  follower.     Now  chiefly  used  as  a  political 

term,  denoting  a  subordinate  or  servile  agent. 
Herdman.     A  servant  who  tends  cattle. 
Hireling.     A  person  serving  for  hire;  a  mercenary. 
Hostler.     A  servant  who  has  the  care  of  horses  at  an  inn. 
Housemaid.     A  girl  or  woman  employed  in  doing  housework. 
Jockey.     One  employed  to  ride  horses,  especially  at  races. 
Journeyman.     Formerly,  a  man  hired  by  the  day;    now,  one  who 

has  mastered  a  handicraft  or  trade. 
Kitchen-maid.     A  servant  employed  in  the  kitchen. 
Lackey.     A  male  servant  who  waits  on  a  master. 
Lady  help.     The  servant  of  a  lady. 
Lady's-maid.     A  female  attendant  upon  a  lady. 
Laundress.     A  washerwoman. 

Led  captain.     A  favorite  that  follows  as  if  led  by  a  string. 
Liegeman.     A  vassal  or  bound  person. 
Livery  servant.     A  servant  wearing  a  peculiar  dress  by  which  the 

house  of  his  master  is  distinguished. 
Maid.     A  female  servant. 

Maid  of  all  work.     A  female  servant  who  does  all  manner  of  work. 
Maid-servant.     A  female  servant. 
Majordomo  [L.].     The  steward  of  a  royal  household. 

tut     '  *  f  An  adult  male  servant. 

Man-servant.  > 

Menial.     One  doing  servile  work:  used  generally  in  contempt. 

Mercenary.     A  person  working  or  serving  only  or  chiefly  for  pay. 

Messenger.     A  servant  who  bears  messages. 

Milkmaid.     A  dairymaid. 

Negro.     A  person  of  the  black  race;  a  slave. 

Nurse.     A  female  who  takes  care  of  young  children;    or  a  person 

who  cares  for  the  sick,  wounded,  or  enfeebled. 
Nurse-maid.     A  maid-servant  employed  in  nursing  children. 
Nursery-maid.     A  female  servant  who  has  charge  of  a  place  set  apart 

for  children. 
Odalisque  [Turk.].     A  female  slave  in  an  Eastern  harem. 
Official.     A  subordinate  executive  officer  or  attendant. 
Orderly.     A  servant  who  carries  orders  for  his  superior. 
Ostler      A  form  for  the  word  hostler.     See  sub  Hostler. 
Page.     A  male  attendant,  usually  a  lad. 
Parasite,  etc.     One. who  lives  at  the  expense  of  another,  etc.     See 

Presumption-Obsequiousness. 
Parlor-maid.     A  female  servant  who  receives  visitors. 
Pensionary.  J  Qne  who  jjyes  Qn  the  giftg  or  bounty  of  anotj,er. 

Protege"   [F.].     One  especially  cared  for  by  another  older  or  more 

powerful. 
Puppet.     A  person  slavishly  subject  to  the  will  of  another. 
Retainer.     One  kept  in  the  service  of  a  person  of  rank  or  position. 
Retinue.     A  body  of  servants  attending  a  person  of  rank. 
Ryot.     In  India,  a  tenant  or  tiller  of  the  soil. 
Satellite.     One  who  attends  upon  a  person  in  power. 
Scout.     A  college  servant  at  Oxford  University. 
Scullery-maid.     A  servant  whose  work  is  to  clean  kitchen  utensils. 
Scullion.     A  servant  who  cleans  pots  and  kettles. 
Secretary.     One  who  attends  to  correspondence,  keeps  records,  or 

does  other  writing  for  another. 
Seneschal.     A  servant  who  had  charge  of  feasts  or  ceremonies  in  the 

household  of  a  noble. 
Serf.     A  servant  whose  service  is  attached  to  the  estate  and  is  trans- 
ferred with  it. 
Servant.     A  person  employed  to  labor  for  the  interest  of  another. 
Servant  of  all  work.     A  servant  who  does  all  kinds  of  work,  usually 

household  work. 
Servitor.     One  who  waits  upon  or  serves  another. 
Sizer.     An  undergraduate  in  college   allowed  some  gratuities  for 

some  service  he  performed. 
Slave.     One  whose  person  is  held  as  property.     [The  Slavic  race  fur. 

nished  servants  to  the  Germans.] 
Soubrette  [F.].     A  meddlesome  female  servant. 
Squire.     A  shield -bearer  or  armor-bearer  who  attended  a  knight. 
Staff.     A  body  of  assistants  serving  to  carry  into  effect  the  plans 

of  a  superintendent  or  manager. 
Subaltern.     A  person  of  inferior  rank  or  position. 
Subject.     One  under  the  power  or  authority  of  another. 
Subsidiary.     One  who  contributes  aid  to  another. 
Suite.     A  company  of  attendants  or  followers. 
Swineherd.     A  tender  of  swine. 
Tapster.     A  servant  who  draws  and  serves  liquors. 
Tiger.     A  liveried  groom. 
Train-bearer,     An  attendant  who   holds  the   long  train  of  a  dress 

or  robe. 


CHIEF. 


157 


CHILD. 


CHIEF— UNDERLING— Continued. 


Officer.     One  appointed  to  office  in  an  army;  one  holding  a  civil 

position  or  authority.     See  sub  Jurisdiction. 
Official.     One  holding  a  public  office. 

Oligarch.     One  of  a  few  persons  in  whose  hands  is  the  power  of  gov- 
ernment. 
Padishah.     A  title  of  the  sultan  of  Turkey,  and  of  the  shah  of  Persia. 
Padrone  [It.].     A  protector;  a  patron. 
Palatine.     One  invested  with  royal  rights  and  privileges  within  his 

domains. 
Pasha,     I  An  Ottoman  or  Egyptian  high  civil,  military  or  naval 
Pashaw.  '      officer. 

Person  in  authority.      One  having  power  or  control  over  others. 
Port-admiral.     The  admiral  commanding  at  a  naval  port. 
Portreeve.     The  chief  magistrate  of  a  port  or  maritime  town. 
Potentate.     One  possessed  of  great  power  or  sway. 
Prefect.     An  ecclesiastical  or  civil  officer. 
President.     The  chief  magistrate  of  a  republic. 
Prince.     A  male  descendant  of  a  royal  house. 
Princess.     Wife  of  a  prince ;  female  member  of  a  royal  family. 
Protector.     A  guard ;  one  appointed  as  ruler  of  a  kingdom  during  the 

minority  or  incapacity  of  the  sovereign. 
Provost.     A  person  having  charge  or  authority  over  others. 
Queen.     A  female  sovereign  of  a  kingdom ;  wife  of  a  king. 
Queenhood.     The  state  of  a  queen. 

Rajah.     A  Hindu  prince  or  chief  of  a  tribal  state  in  India. 
Rear  admiral.     A  naval  officer,  in  rank  between  a  commodore  and 

vice-admiral. 
Regent.     One  who  rules  in  the  name  and  place  of  a  sovereign. 
Ruler.     One  who  has  power  or  authority. 
Sachem.     One  of  the  hereditary  chiefs  in  a  tribe  of  North  American 

Indians. 
Sagamore.     Indian  chief  of  secondary  rank. 
Satrap.     A  governor  of  a  province  in  ancient  Persia. 
Scherif.     A  member   of  an  Arab  princely  family  descended  from 

Mohammed. 
Seignior.     A  lord  in  the  countries  of  southern  Europe. 
Seneschal.     A  magistrate  or  military  commander  of  the  Middle  Ages; 

an  official  who  had  charge  of  feasts  and  ceremonies. 
Senior.     One  more  advanced  in  rank  than  others. 
Seraskicr  [Turk.].     A  general  or  commander  of  land  forces  in  the 

Turkish  Empire. 
Sergeant.     A  non-commissioned  officer  in  a  military  company. 
Sergeant-major.     The  highest  non-commissioned  officer  in  a  regi- 
ment. 
Seyyid.     Title  of  the  members  of  the  Koreish  tribe. 
Shah.     The  ruler  of  Persia. 
Sheik.     The  head  of  a  family,  village,  tribe,  or  religious  organization 

in  Mohammedan  countries. 
Sirdar.     A  native  chief  in  Hindustan. 
Skipper.     The  master  of  a  small  trading  or  fishing  vessel . 
Soldan.     Sultan. 

So  phi.     Title  of  the  king  of  Persia. 

Sov  .Teign.     One  who  possesses  supreme  authority  or  exercises  abso- 
lute control. 
Stadtholder.     A  governor  of  a  province  or  town  in  the  Netherlands. 
Staff.     A  body  of  officers  attached  to  a  commander-in-chief  of  an 

army. 
Staff-officer.     An  officer  attached  to  a  commander-in-chief. 
Subaltern.     A  military  officer  ranking  below  a  captain. 
Subhadar.     Governor  of  a  province  in  India. 
Sublieutenant.     An  inferior  or  second  lieutenant. 
Sultan.     A  Mohammedan  ruler;  especially  the  ruler  of  Turkey. 
Sultana.     A  sultan's  wife,  daughter,  or  mother. 
Suzerain.     One  having  superior  authority. 
Syndic.     An  officer  of  the  government  having  different  powers  in 

different  countries. 
TeHe  d'arm^e  [P.].     Head  of  the  army. 
Tatrarch.     The  governor  of  one  part  of  a  country  divided  into  four. 

governments. 
Three-tailed  Bashaw.     The  title  of  the  highest  official  in  a  Turkish 

province,  so  named  from  three  horse-tails  waving  from  a  lance. 


Underling.     A  subordinate;  a  servile  person. 

Undersecretary.     An  assistant  to  the  secretary. 

Understrapper.     An  inferior  agent;  a  petty  fellow. 

Usher.     A  servant  who  has  the  care  of  the  door  of  a  court,  hail 

chamber,  etc. 
Valet.     A  servant  who  attends  on  a  gentleman's  person. 
Valet  de  chambre  [F.].     An  attendant;  a  footman. 
Vassal.     One  who  held  land  of  a  superior  lord  by  a  feudal  tenure;  a 

servant  of  any  kind. 

Villein  i  A  *eu<ial  tenant  of  the  lowest  class;  a  bondman. 
Waiter.     A  servant  in  attendance,  especially  at  a  table. 
Waiting-maid.     A  servant  who  waits  upon  a  lady  as  a  perecnai 

attendant. 
Waitress.     A  female  who  serves  at  the  table. 
Ward.     A  person  under  the  guardianship  of  another. 
Yardman.     Workman  in  a  railroad's  yards. 

Underling — Associated  Words. 

Badge  of  slavery.     A  mark  or  token  of  inferiority. 
Bonds.     Chains  of  a  slave.     See  Release-Prison. 

Underling — Verbs. 
Serve.     To  wait  on. 
Squire.     To  attend  as  an  armor-bearer. 
Tend.     To  be  at  one's  command. 

Underling — Verbal  Expressions. 

Attend  upon.     Wait  upon  as  a  servant. 

Dance  attendance  upon.     To  be  in  waiting  at  the  beck  and  call  of 

another,  with  a  view  to  please  or  gain  favor. 
Hang  on  the  sleeve  of.     To  be  dependent  upon. 
Pin  oneself  upon.     To  follow,  in  order  to  win  favor. 
Wait  upon.     To  attend  as  a  servant. 

Underling — Adjective  Expressions. 
At  one's  call,  liable  to  be  called  to  service  at  any  time;   in  bonds, 
captive,  in  the  state  of  slavery;  in  one's  employ,  at  one's  service; 
in  one's  pay,  serving  for  pay;  in  the  train  of,  among  one's  attend, 
ants. 


CHI  EF— Continued. 


Tsar.     The  title  of  the  ruler  of  Russia.     [Caesar  ] 

Tycoon.     An  old  title  of  the  ruler  of  Japan. 

Tyrant.  One  who  exercises  absolute  or  arbitrary  power  without 
legal  warrant,  whether  ruling  well  or  ill. 

Vaivode.  The  title  of  governors  of  provinces  and  towns  in  Slavonic 
countries. 

Vakeel.     An  Oriental  commissioner  residing  at  the  East-Indian  court. 

Vexillary.     A  standard-bearer. 

Vice-admiral.     A  naval  officer  next  in  rank  to  an  admiral. 

Viceroy.  A  ruler  acting  with  royal  authority  in  the  place  of  a  sove- 
reign. 

Waiwode.     See  Vaivode. 

Warden.     A  chief  officer,  as  in  a  prison ;  a  gate-keeper. 

Waywode.     See  Vaivode. 

Chief — Figurative  Expressions. 

Cock  of  the  roost;  cock  of  the  walk;  crowned  head;  head;  gray  mare; 

lord  of  the  ascendant ;  man  in  office;  mistress;  the  powers  that  be. 

Ch  i  e  f — Phrases. 

Au  royaume  des  aveugles  les  borgnes  sent  rois  [F.]  In  the  king- 
dom of  the  blind  the  one-eyed  are  kings. 

Coda  uno  tiene  su  alguazil  [Sp.].     Everybody  has  his  governor. 

Da  locum  melioribus  [L.].     Give  place  to  your  betters. 

Der  Furst  ist  der  erste  Diener  seines  Staats  [G.].  The  prince  is  the 
first  servant  of  his  state. 

Homme  de  cour  [F.].     Courtier. 


chief -dom.     State  of  being  chief.     Rule-License. 

chief-jus'-tice.  The  presiding  judge.  Judge,  Presi- 
dent-Member. 

chief  -ly.     Especially.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

chief -tain.  The  head  of  a  tribe  or  clan.  Chief-Under- 
ling, Reputation- Discredit. 

chien  et  loup.  entre  [F.]  (shi-an''  £  lu,  antr).  Between 
dog  and  wolf.    Morning-Evening. 


chif  '-fo-nier'.     A  rag-picker.     Gentility-Democracy. 

chifjonni&re  [F.]  (shif-on-ni-ar/) .  A  cabinet.  Con- 
tents-Receiver. 

chi'-gnon.     A  mass  of  hair.     Dress-Undress. 

child.  An  offspring  of  man  and  woman.  Infant- 
Veteran,  Parentage-Progeny,  Sage-Fool;  child 
of  God,  Godliness-Ungodliness;  child's  play,  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Difficulty-Facility. 


CHILDBIRTH. 


158 


CHOICE— NEUTRALITY. 


child'-birth".     Travail.     Creation-Destruction. 

child'-hood.    The  time  of  being  a  child.     Infancy-Age. 

child'-ish.  Like  a  chf'd.  Credulousness-Skepticism, 
Force-Weakness,  Infant-Veteran,  Sagacity-In- 
capacity; childish  treble,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

child'-like".     Like  a  child.     Cry-Ululation. 

chil'-i-ad.     A  thousand.     Five-Quinquesection. 

chill.  Coldness;  a  check  to  ardor,  etc.  Heat-Cold, 
Heating-Cooling,  Motive-Dehortation. 

chill'-i-ness.     Coolness.     Heat-Cold. 

chill'-y.     Cool.     Heating-Cooling. 

Chil-tern  Hun'-dreds,  Accept  the  stew'-ard-ship  of  the. 
To  retire  from  the  English  Parliament.  Commis- 
sion-Retirement. 

chime.  Harmonious  sound;  a  set  of  bells.  Crash- 
Drumming,  Melody-Dissonance,  Recurrence, 
Resonance-Nonresonance  ;  in  chime  with,  Assent- 
Dissent,  Conventionality-Unconventionality, 
Harmony-Discord,  Variance-Accord. 

chi-me'-ra.  An  absurd  fancy.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Fancy. 

chi-merMc-al.     Visionary.     Fancy. 

chi'-ming.     Rhythmical.     Recurrence. 

chim'-ney.  A  passage  for  smoke.  Aperture-Closure, 
Watercourse- Airpipe. 

chin.     Part  of  the  face.     Anatomy. 

chi'-na.     Porcelain.     Heating-Cooling,    Sculpture. 

Chi'-na  to  Pe-ru',  from.  Everywhere.  [Dr.  Johnson.] 
Extension-In  extension. 

chine.  A  piece  of  backbone.  Anteriority-Posteri- 
ority. 

chink.  A  crack;  a  metallic  sound;  money.  Inter- 
space-Contact, Money,  Resonance-Nonreso- 
nance. 

chi  non  s'arrischia  non  guadagna  [It.]  (kinon  sar-risk'- 
i-a  non  gua-da'-nya).  Nothing  venture,  nothing 
have.    Determination-Vacillation,  Venture. 

chip.  A  fragment.  Enlargement-Diminution,  Jubi- 
lation-Lamentation, Ligh  theartedness-Dejec- 
tion,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Union-Disunion, 
Whole-Part;  chip  of  the  old  block,  Copy-Model, 
Likeness-Unlikeness,  Parentage-Progeny. 

chip'-ping.     Chip.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

chi'-rog'-ra-phy.    Style  of  writing.   Writing-Printing. 

cbi-rol'-o-gy.    The  art  of  speaking  by  signs.    Sign. 

chi'-ro-man"-cy.     Palmistry.     Prophecy. 

chirp.    A  short,  cheery  sound.    Cry-Ululation,  Jubi- 


lation-Lamentation, Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion,  Musician. 

chir'-rup.  A  chirp.  Cry-Ululation,  Jubilation- 
Lamentation,  Lightiieartedness-Dejection,  Mu- 
sician. 

chi-rur'-ge-ry.     Surgery.     Remedy-Bane. 

chi-rur'-gic-al.     Surgical.     Remedy-Bane. 

chis'-el.  To  cut  or  engrave.  Creation-Production, 
Form-Formlessness,  Sculpture. 

chit.  A  young  woman.  Greatness-Smallness, 
Infant-Veteran. 

chi  face  accousente  [It.]  (kl  tach'-e  ac-cu-sen'-te). 
Silence  gives  consent.    Assent-Dissent,  Consent. 

chit'-chat".    Small  talk.    Conversation-Monologue. 

chi  t'ha  offcso,  non  ti  perdona  mai  [It.]  (ki  ta  of-fe'-zo, 
non  ti  per-don'-a  ma'-i).  Who  has  wronged  you 
never  forgives  you.     Favorite-Resentment. 

chit'-ter-lings.  Small  intestines  of  a  pig.  Outside- 
Inside. 

chiv'-al-ric.  Pertaining  to  chivalry.  Humanitarian- 
ism-Misanthropy,  Patriotism-Treason. 

chiv'-al-rous.  Gallant.  Fighting-Conciliation,  Un- 
selfishness -  Selfishness,  Uprightness  -  Dishon- 
esty. 

chiv'-al-ry.  Bravery;  a  body  of  warriors;  courtesy; 
honor.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Fighting-Concilia- 
tion, Holding-Exemption,  Humanitarianism-Mis- 
anthropy,  Patriotism-Treason,  Unselfishness- 
Selfishness,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

chla'-mys.    An  ancient  robe.     Dress-Undress. 

chlo'-ral.    An  hypnotic.    Feeling-Insensibility. 

chlo'-rid.     Compound  of  chlorin.     Chemistry. 

chlo'-rc-form.  An  anesthetic  compound.  Feeling- 
Insensibility,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

chlo'-rc-formed.  Subjected  to  chloroform.  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy. 

chlo-rot'-ic.  Pertaining  to  chlorosis.  Health-Sick- 
ness. 

chock'-full".  Quite  full.  Agency,  Entirety-Defi- 
ciency. 

choc'-c-late.  A  brown  beverage.  Gray-Brown, 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

choice.  Select;  precious.  Choice-Neutrality,  Good- 
ness-Badness; absence  of  choice,  Choice-Neutral- 
ity; by  choice,  Choice-Neutrality,  Volition- 
Obligation;  choice  of  words,  Style;  choice  spirits, 
Reputation-Discredit. 


CHOICE— NEUTRALITY. 


Adoption.     Act  of  taking  by  choice. 

Alternative.     An  offer  of  two  things,  one  of  which  may  be  chosen. 

Choice.  Act  of  selecting  or  separating, from  two  or  more  things,  that 
which  is  preferred. 

Cooptation.     The  act  of  choosing. 

Decision.  A  choosing  between  two  sides  of  a  controversy.  See 
Decision. 

Dilemma.     A  difficult  choice. 

Discretion.     Freedom  to  choose  one's  own  judgment.     See  Volition. 

Eclecticism.  Practise  of  choosing  what  is  true  or  excellent  in  doc- 
trines or  opinions  from  various  sources  or  systems. 

Election.     The  act  of  choosing. 

Embarras  de  choix  [F.].      Difficulty  of  choosing.  , 

Excerption.     Act  of  gleaning  or  selecting. 

Gleaning.     Act  of  picking  out  or  choosing. 

Novation.     A  choosing  of  the  new. 

Option.     The  righf  of  choice  or  election. 

Predilection.     Predisposition  to  choose  or  like.     See  Desire. 

Preference.     An  expressed  choice. 

Prelation.     Choosing  or  setting  one  above  another. 

Preoption.     Right  of  first.choice. 

Selection.     Choice  by  preference. 

Voting.     Choice  by  suffrage. 

Choice— AfowMs  of  Means. 

Ballot.     A  paper  that  expresses  a  voter's  choice. 

Cumulative  vote.  A  system  of  voting  which  allows  a  person  as 
many  votes  as  there  are  persons  to  be  voted  for,  and  permits  him 
to  cast  all  these  votes  for  one  person. 


Indecision,  etc.  See  Determination-Vacillation. 
Indifference.  Unconcern;  freedom  from  prejudice. 
Neutrality.     The  state  of  taking  no  part  on  either  side 

Neutrality — Denotations. 

Any.     An  indefinite  part  or  portion. 

First  come,  first  served.     A  dealing  out  without  selection. 

Hobson's  choice.  An  unavoidable  choice.  [Tobias  Hobson,  liv- 
ery-man of  Cambridge,  England,  permitted  his  customers  to  takr 
only  the  horse  nearest  the  door.] 

Necessity,  etc.     See  Volition-Obligation. 

No  choice.     An  unavoidable  selection. 

Not  a  pin  to  choose  from.     See  Equality. 

The  first  that  comes.     A  dealing  out  without  choice. 
Neutrality — Verb. 

Waive.     To  relinquish  a  right  to. 

Neutrality — Verbal  Expressions. 

Abstain  from  voting;    be    neutral,  etc.   (see  Adjectives);    have    I, 
choice;    leave  undecided;    make  a  virtue  of  necessity,  to  seem  to 
do  or  accept  from  principle  or  from  choice  that  which  is  a  necessity, 
not  vote;   refrain  from  voting. 

Neutrality — Adjectives. 

Either,  etc.     See  Choice. 

Indifferent.     Free  from  prejudice;  unconcerned. 

Neuter.     Of  neither  side. 

Neutral.      Taking  no  part  with  either  side. 

Undecided,  etc.     See  Determination-Vacillation. 


CHOICE. 


159 


CHOICE— REJECTION. 


CHOICE — Nouns  of  Means — Continued. 


Electioneering.     A  canvassing  for  votes. 

Plebiscite  [F.j.     A  vote  by  universal  male  suffrage. 

Pkbiscitum  [L.].     The  expression  of  the  choice  of  the  plebeians  of 

Rome. 
Plumper.     A  vote  given  to  one  candidate  only,  when  two  or  more 

are  to  be  voted  for. 


Poll.     The  voting  or  registration  of  votes  at  an  election. 

Scissors  and  paste.     Articles  used  for  preparing  votes  or  ballots. 

Suffrage.     Approval,  as  by  a  vote. 

Voice.     Expression  of  one's  opinion. 

Vote.     An  expression  of  one's  choice. 

Vox  populi   [L.].     The  voice  of  the  people. 


Choice— Nouns  of  Result. 


Cuttings.      Something  obtained  by  cutting. 
Excerpta  [L.].     Things  chosen;  passages  extracted. 


Gleanings.     That  which  is  collected  with  great  labor. 
Pick.     That  which  has  been  chosen  for  excellence. 


Choice — Verbs. 


Adopt.      To  make  one's  own. 

Choose.     To  select  one  thing  rather  than  another. 
Cull.     To  pick  out. 
Decide,  etc.     See  Decision. 
Divide.     To  separate;  to  apportion. 
Elect.     To  choose. 

Embrace.      To  avail  oneself  of.     [To  take  in  the  arms.] 
Espouse.      To  declare  oneself  in  favor  of. 

Fancy,  etc.      To  prefer  because  of  external  appearance,  etc. 
Desire. 


See 


Glean.     To  collect  gradually. 

List,  etc.     See  Volition. 

Mark,  etc.     To  distinguish  by  a  sign,  etc.     See  Sign. 

Poll.     To  cast  a  vote. 

Prefer.     To  place  above  in  estimation. 

Select.     To  choose  with  the  greatest  care. 

Settle.     To  decide. 

Vote.     To  choose  by  suffrage. 

Winnow.     To  separate,  as  chaff  from  grain,  by  a  current  of  air. 


Choice — Verbal  Expressions. 


Be  persuaded.     See  Motive. 

Cast  in  one's  lot  with.     To  share  the  fate  or  fortune  of. 

Commit  oneself  to  a  course.     Pledge. 

Cross  the  Rubicon.      To  take  a  decisive  step  binding  oneself  to  a 

dangerous  course,  as  Caesar  crossed  the  stream. 
Exercise  one's  discretion.     To  choose  for  oneself. 
Exercise  one's  option.      To  use  one's  right  to  choose. 
Fix  upon.      To  determine. 
Have  as  lief.      To  have  as  willingly. 
Have  rather.      To  prefer. 
Hold  out  the  alternative.     Offer  for  choice. 

Hold  up  one's  hand.      To  signify  one's  choice  by  raising  the  hand. 
Indulge  one's  fancy.     Take  what  one  likes. 
Make  choice  of.      To  select  from. 
Make  one's  choice.     Decide. 
Make  up  one's  mind.     See  Determination. 
Mark  out  for.      To  select  for. 
Offer  for  one's  choice. \ 
Offer  the  alternative. 
Pass  the  Rubicon.      To  take  the  decisive  step  which  commits  one  to 

a  hazardous  enterprise,  as  Cassar  crossed  into  Italy. 
Pick.     To  choose  from  several  or  more. 


Present  for  choice. 


Choice- 


Choice,  etc.     See  Goodness. 
Choosing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Chosen,  etc.      See  Verbs. 
Discretional,  etc.     See  Volition. 


Before.      Sooner  than. 

Either.     In  one  of  two  (or  sometimes  more)  cases. 

Optionally.      With  free  choice. 


Pick  and  choose.     Cull. 

Pick  one's  way.     Go  slowly  and  carefully. 

Pick  out.     Select. 

Pick  up.     Select  here  and  there. 

Pitch  upon.     To  settle  upon. 

Present  the  alternative.     Offer  for  choice. 

Put  to  the  vote.     To  ask  a  decision. 

Separate  the  chaff  from  the  wheat.     To  separate  the  bad  from  the 

good;  to  thrash  out. 
Set  apart.     To  separate. 
Set  before.     To  offer  to. 

Sift  the  chaff  from  the  wheat.     Throw  aside  what  is  worthless. 
Single  out.     To  choose;   select. 
Take  a  decided  step.     Decide. 
Take  a  decisive  step.    Settle. 
Take  for  better  or  for  worse.     To  accept  with  all  accompanying 

responsibilities. 
Take  one's  choice.      Choose. 
Take  up.     To  favor. 

Use  one's  discretion.     Use  one's  judgment  in  choosing. 
Use  one's  option.       Choose. 
Winnow  the  chaff  from  the  wheat.     Separate  the  good  from  the  bad. 

■Adjectives. 

Eclectic.     Selecting  at  will  from  the  productions  of  others. 

Optional.     Depending  on  choice. 

Preferential.     Having,  showing,  or  constituting  preference. 


Choice — Adverbs,  Conjunctions. 


Or.      Otherwise. 

Rather.     More  to  one's  liking. 


Choice — Adverbial  Expressions. 

At  pleasure,  etc.  (see  Volition);  at  the  option  of,  at  the  free  choice  of;  by  choice;  by  preference;  either  the  one  or  the  other;  for  one  Is 
money;   in  preference;   once  for  all,  the  last  time;  whether  or  not. 

CHOICE— REJECTION. 


Rejection. 

Exclusion.     The  act  of  thrusting  out,  or  shutting  out. 
Refusal,  etc.     See  Proffer-Refusal. 
Rejection.      The  act  of  casting  from  one. 
Repudiation.      The  act  of  disavowing  or  renouncing. 

Rejection — Verbs. 

Cast.      To  throw  off;  to  throw. 
Decline,  etc.      See  Proffer-Refusal. 
Discard,  etc.     See  Admission-Expulsion 
Disclaim,  etc.      See  Assertion-Denial. 
Except.      To  omit;  to  leave  out. 
Exclude       To  shut  or  thrust  out. 


Pluck.     To  reject  at  examinations  in  English  universities. 
Reject.     To  throw  away ;  to  refuse  to  grant  or  receive. 
Repudiate.     To  disavow;  to  renounce. 
Scout.     To  reject  disdainfully. 
Spin.     To  reject  after  examination. 

Rejection — Verbal  Expressions. 

Cast  away;  cast  overboard;  cast  to  the  dogs,  throw  away;  cast  to  the 
winds;  fling  away;  fling  overboard;  fling  to  the  dogs;  fling  to  the 
winds;  give  up,  to  surrender;  lay  aside;  send  to  the  right  about,  to 
dismiss;  set  aside,  to  leave  out;  set  at  naught,  to  despise;  throw 
away;  throw  overboard;  throw  to  the  dogs;  throw  to  the  winds; 
toss  away;  toss  overboard;  toss  to  the  dogs;  toss  to  the  winds. 


CHOICE— REJECTION. 


160 


CHRONOLOGY— ANACHRONISM. 


Rejectaneous.     Not  chosen  or  received. 
Rejected,  etc.     See  Verbs. 


CHOICE— REJECTION— Continued. 
Rejection — Adjectives. 

Rejectitious.     Implying  or  necessitating  rejection. 


Rejection — Adjective  Expressions. 
Rot  chosen,  3tc    (see  Choice)  ;  not  to  be  thought  of;  out  of  the  question. 

Rejection— Adverbs. 
Neither.     Not  either.  No,  etc.     See  Assertion-Denial. 

Rejection — Adverbial  Expression. 


Neither  the  one  nor  the  other. 


Non  hare  in  faedera  [L.].     Not  into  such  alliances  as  these. 


Rejection — Phrase. 


choir.  A  company  of  singers  in  a  church.  Fane,  Min- 
istry-Laity, Musician. 

choke.  To  obstruct;  to  strangle;  quite.  Aperture- 
Closure,  Excess-Lack,  Life-Death,  Obstruction- 
Help;  choke-full,  Enough,  Entirety-Deficiency. 

chol'-er.     Wrath.     Favorite-Anger. 

chol'-er-ic.     Fiery.     Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

choose.  To  make  a  selection.  Choice-Neutrality; 
do  what  one  chooses,  Liberty-Subjection,  Voli- 
tion-Obligation. 

choos'-ing.    Selecting.    Choice-Whim. 

chop.  To  cut  into  pieces.  Mutation-Permanence, 
Union-Disunion;  chop  logic,  Ratiocination-Casu- 
istry; chop  up,  Length-Shortness. 

chop'-fal"-len.  Chapfallen.  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection. 

chop'-ping.  Cutting  in  pieces.  Greatness-Small- 
ness;  chopping  sea,  River-Wind. 

chops.  A  headland;  jaw.  Beginning-End,  Border, 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

cho'-ral.     Pertaining  to  a  chorus.     Music. 

chord.  Harmonious  combination  of  sounds.  Melody- 
Dissonance. 

cho"-ri-am'-bus.  A  quadrisyllable  foot,  composed  of  a 
choree  and  an  iambus.     Poetry-Prose. 

chor'-is-ter.  Member  of  a  choir.  Ministry-Laity, 
Musician. 

chc-rog'-ra-phy.     The  mapping  of  regions.     Position. 

cho'-roid  coat.     Part  of  the  eye.     Anatomy. 

cho'-rus.  A  body  of  singers  in  opera;  concord;  a  song. 
Assent-Dissent,  Cry-Ululation,  Music,  Musi- 
cian, Variance-Accord. 

chose.  Personal  property.  Chose  in  action,  Prop- 
erty; chose  in  possession,  Holding-Exemption. 

cho'  sen.     Selected.     Choice-Whim. 

chose  qui  plait  est  a  demi  vendue  [F.]  (shoz  ki  plA 
e-ta  de-mi'  vcuv-du').  A  thing  that  pleases  is  half 
sold.      Buying-Sale,     Pleasurableness-Painful- 

NESS. 

chouse.     To  cheat.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

choux  gras,  faire  ses  [F.]  (shu  gra,  f6r  se).  To  delight 
in  a  thing.     Sensuality-Suffering. 

chow'-der.  A  dish  of  clams  or  fish  stewed  with  vege- 
tables, etc.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

chres-tom'-a-thy.     A    collection    of    choice    extracts. 

»    Language. 

chrism.     A  consecrated  ointment.     Ceremonial. 

Christ.  The  Messiah.  Divinity;  Church  of  Christ, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy;  receive  Christ,  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness. 


Christ'-cross"-row'.     The  alphabet.     Letter. 

chris'-ten.  To  name  in  baptism.  Ceremonial,  Namk- 
Misnomer. 

Chris'-ten-dom.  Christians.  Godliness-Ungodliness, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

chris'-ten-ing.     Baptism.     Ceremonial. 

Chris'-tian.  Pertaining  to  Christians.  Godliness-Un- 
godliness, Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy;  Christian 
charity,  Charitableness-Malevolence. 

Chris"- ti-an'-i-ty.  Christian  religion.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

Christ'-mas.  A  church  festival.  Ceremonial,  Peri- 
odicity-Irregularity. 

Christ'-mas-box".  A  Christmas  gift.  Giving-Re- 
ceiving. 

chro-mat'-ic.  Pertaining  to  color.  Color-Achroma- 
tism; chromatic  scale,  Melody-Dissonance. 

chro"-ma-to-pseu"-do-blep'-sis.  Colorblindness.  Sight- 
Dimsightedness. 

chro '-ma-trope.  An  optical  instrument.  Optical  In- 
struments. 

chro"-mo-lith'-o-graph.  A  print  in  colors.  Engrav- 
ing. 

chro"-mc-li-thog'-ra-phy.  Printing  in  colors.  En- 
graving. 

chro'-mc-sphere.  A  layer  of  the  sun.  Astronomy, 
Universe. 

chron'-ic.    Inveterate.    Lastingness-Transientness. 

chron'-i-cle.  A  register  of  events.  Chronology- 
Anachronism,  Mark-Obliteration. 

chron'-i-cler.     One  who  chronicles.     Recorder. 

chron'-o-gram.  Date  written  in  numeral  letters. 
Chronology- Anachronism. 

chron"-o-gram-mat'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  a  chronogiai  p.. 
Chronology-Anachronism. 

chron'-o-graph.  Instrument  for  measuring  time. 
Chronology-Anachronism,  Electricity. 

chro-nog'-ra-pher.  Chronicler.  Chronology-Anach- 
ronism. 

chro-nog'-ra-phy.  The  investigation  of  times.  Ac- 
count, Chronology-Anachronism. 

chro-nol'-c-ger.  Chronologist.  Chronology-Anach- 
ronism. 

chron"-o-log'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  chronology.  Chro- 
nology-Anachronism. 

chrc-nol'-o-gist.  Annalist.  Chronology-Anachro- 
nism. 

chrc-nol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  time.  Chronology- 
Anachronism. 


CHRONOLOGY— ANACHRONISM. 


Chronology.  The  science  which  treats  of  the  measurement  of  time 
by  regular  periods  or  divisions,  and  which  assigns  events  to  their 
proper  dates. 

Chronometry.     The  art  of  computing  time. 

Horology.  The  science  of  time  measurement,  or  the  principles  and 
construction  of  time-measuring  machines. 


Anachronism.     An  error  in  the  computation  of  time. 
Antichronism.     A  departure  from  the  true  order  of  time. 
Anticipation.      Act  of  considering  or  taking  up  before  the  propel 

time. 
Disregard  of  time.     Heedlessness  of  time. 
Intempestivity.     See  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 


CHRONOLOGY. 


161 


CHURCH. 


CHRONOLOGY—  ANACHRONISM—  Continued. 


tforometry.     The  art  or  science  of  measuring  time  by  hours  and 
lesser  divisions 

Style.     A  mode  of  measuring  time  with  regard  to  the  Julian  and  Gre- 
gorian calendars. 

Chronology — Associated  Words. 
Almanac.     A  series  of  tables  giving  the  days  of  the  week  correspond- 
ing to  the  days  of  the  month  throughout  the  year,  and  certain 
astronomical  information. 

Annals.     A  record  of  events  in  their  chronological  order. 

Calendar.     An  almanac. 

Chronicle.     A  register  of  facts  and  events  in  the  order  of  time. 

Chronogram.     The  record  of  a  chronograph . 

Chronograph.      An  instrument  for  recording  intervals  of  time. 

Date.     The  time  assigned  for  some  event. 

Diary.     A  record  of  daily  events. 

Ephemeris.     A  table  showing  the  calculated  positions  of  heavenly 
bodies. 

Epoch.     A  division  of  time. 

Era,     A  space  of  time. 

Journal.     A  daily  record  of  events. 

Register.     A  record  of  events. 

Registry.     See  Register. 

Chronology — Nouns  of  Agency. 

Annalist.     A  writer  of  annals. 

Chronographer.     One  who  writes  a  history. 

Chronologer.  \  One  who  investigates  dates  of  past  events  and  trans- 

ChronologistJ       actions. 

Chronology — Nouns  of  Instrument. 

Chronograph.     An  instrument  for  recording  intervals  of  time. 

Chronometer.     An  instrument  that  measures  time 

Chronoscope.     An  instrument  to  measure  the  duration  of  light  im- 
pressions upon  the  retina. 

Clepsydra.     A  water  clock. 

Clock.     An  instrument  or  machine  for  measuring  time. 

Dial.     A  graduated  circular  plate  upon  which  time  is  indicated  by 
means  of  hands  or  by  the  shadow  of  a  gnomon. 

Gnomon.     The  pin,  whose  shadow  shows  the  hour  on  a  dial. 

Horologe.     An  instrument  which  indicates  the  time  of  day. 

Hour-glass.     An  instrument  which  measures  time  by  hours. 

Pendulum.     A  weighted  rod  that  swings  to  and  fio  to  regulate  the 
movements  of  clocks. 

Repeater.     A  watch  which  strikes  the  hour,  quarter,  and  sometimes 
the  odd  minutes  at  the  touch  of  a  spring. 

Sun-dial.     An  instrument  which  shows  the  time  of  day  by  means  of 
the  shadow  of  a  pin  on  a  plate. 

Timekeeper.     Any  instrument  which  measures  time. 

Timepiece.     A  clock  watch,  or  other  time-measuring  instrument. 

Watch.     A  small  timepiece  conveniently  carried  about  the  person. 


Metachronism.     An  error  in  computing  time  by  dating  an  event  aitei 

its  true  date. 
Misdate .     A  wrong  date 
Neglect  of  time.     Carelessness  about  time. 
Oblivion  of  time.     Forgetfulness  of  time. 
Parachronism.     A  chronological  error,  made  by  dating  an  event 

later. 
Prochronism.     The  antedating  of  an  event 
Prolepsis      The  antedating  of  an  event. 

Anachronism — vero*. 

Antedate.     To  date  before  the  actual  time ;  to  precede  in  order  of 

time. 
Anticipate.     To  do  or  consider  something  before  the  proper  time;  to 

take  before  in  fact  or  in  thought. 
Misdate.     To  date  wrongly. 

Overdate.     To  mark  with  a  date  later  than  the  true  one. 
Postdate.     To  mark  the  date  of  a  writing  later  than  the  actual  one 
Take  no  note  of  time.     [T   Young,  Night  Thoughts,  55.] 

Anachronism — Adjectives . 

Misdated,  etc      See  Verbs. 

Out  of  date.     Not  in  fashion 

Overdue.     Not  appearing  or  occurring  at  the  assigned  time. 

Undated.     Bearing  no  date. 


CHRONOLOGY— Continued. 

Chronology — Verbs. 

Chronicle.  To  record  in  history 
Date.  To  note  or  fix  the  time  of. 
Register.     To  record  for  future  use 

Chronclogy — Verbal  Expressions. 

Bear  date,  to  have  the  date  named  on  the  face  of;  beat  time,  la 
measure  time  by  moving  hand,  etc.,  fix  the  time;  mark  the  time, 
mark  time,  to  move  the  feet  as  if  in  marching,  without  advancing- 
measure  time. 

Chronology — Adjectives. 

Chronogram matical.     Concerning,  or  containing  a  chronogram . 
Chronological.     Containing  a  record  of  events  in  the  order  of  time 

according  to  the  order  of  time. 
Chronometrical.     Pertaining  to,  or  measured  by  a  chronometer 


Chronology — Adverb. 


O'clock.     Of  the  clock. 


chro-nom'-e-ter.  Timepiece.  Chronology-Anachro- 
nism. 

chron"-o-met'-ric.  Pertaining  to  a  chronometer. 
Chronology-Anachronism. 

chro-nom'-e-try.  The  measurement  of  time.  Chro- 
nology-Anachronism. 

chrononhotonthologos.  A  bombastic  person,  from  the 
hero  of  Carey's  burlesque.     Brawler. 

chron'-o-scope.  Chronograph.  Chronology-Anach- 
ronism. 

chrys'-a-lis.    The  pupa  of  an  insect.    Infant-Veteran. 

chrys'-o-lite.  A  vitreous,  olive-green  gem.  Emeel- 
lishment-Disfigurement,  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness. 

chrys-ol'-o-gy.     Science  of  wealth.     Money. 

chub'-by.     Plump.     Greatness-Littleness. 

chub'-by-faced".  Plump-faced.  Greatness-Little- 
ness. 

chub'-faced".    Plump-faced.    Greatness-Littleness. 

chuck.  To  pitch;  a  fowl's  call.  Cry-Ului.ation, 
Push-Pull  ;  chuck  under  the  chin,  Blandishment. 

chuck'-far''-thing.    A  game  of  chance.    Purpose-Luck. 

chuck'-le.  To  cackle;  to  laugh.  Bragging,  Cry-Ulu- 
lation,  Entertainment-Weariness. 

chuff.     A  boor.     Gentility-Democracy. 

chum.     A  dear  companion.     Friend-Foe. 

church.  A  place  of  worship;  an  association  of  wor- 
shipers.    Certainty-Doubt,    Church,    Fane,    Or- 


thodoxy-Heterodoxy;  Church  of  Christ,  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy; dignitaries  of  the  Church,  Minis- 
try-Laity; go  to  church,  Devotion  -  Idolatry- 
Broad  Church,  Orthodoxy  -  Heterodoxy;  Free 
Church,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy;  High  Church, 
Orthodoxy  -  Heterodoxy;  Low  Church,  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

CHURCH. 

Christendom.     The  part  of  the  world  in  which  Christianity  pievails; 

the  whole  body  of  Christians. 
Church.     The  collective  body  of  Christians;  any  body  of  worshiper* 
Churchdom.     The  dominion  or  authority  of  the  Church. 
Ebenezer.     Memorial  of  divine  help.     [Bible,  I  Sam.  vii,  1?  * 
Monachism.     The  system  of  monastic  life. 
Monachy.     Monasticism. 

Monasticism.     The  monastic  life,  system  or  condition. 
Monkhood.     The  character  or  condition  of  a  monk. 
Pale  of  the  Church.     The  boundary  or  limit  of  the  Church . 
Popedom.     The  jurisdiction  of  the  pope. 
Religious  sects,  etc.     Bodies  of  believers  holding  to  particular  creedt 

or  practises,  etc.     See  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 
The  apostolic  see.     The  Church  of  Rome 
The  Vatican.     The  papal  government.      JA  hill  at  Rome,  the  pope'i 

palace  upon  it  J 

Church — Church  Offices  and  Dignities. 

Abbacy.     The  dignity  or  jurisdiction  of  an  abbot 
Advowson.    (Eng  Law)    The  right  ot  presenting  to  a  vacant  benefic* 
or  living  in  the  Church. 


CHURCH. 


162 


CHUT. 


CHURCH — Church  Offices  and  Dignities — Contin-uea. 

Apostleship.     The  office  of  an  apostle. 

Archbishopric.     The  office  and  jurisdiction  of  an  archbishop. 
Archi episcopacy.     The  official  rank  and  rule  of  an  archbishop. 
Benefice.     An  ecclesiastical  living. 
Bishopdom.     The  jurisdiction  of  a  bishop. 
Bishopric.     A  diocese ;  the  office  of  a  bishop. 
Canonicate.     The  office  of  a  canon. 
Canonry.     The  office  or  benefice  of  a  canon. 
Cardinalate.     The  office  or  dignity  of  a  cardinal. 
Cardinalship.     The  condition  or  office  of  a  cardinal. 
Chaplain,  etc.     An  ecclesiastic  who  has  a  chapel,  etc.     See  Ministry- 
Laity. 
Chaplaincy.     The  office  or  station  of  a  chaplain. 
Chaplainship.     The  office  or  business  of  a  chaplain. 

ta  u"     i  The  office  or  ministry  of  a  deacon  or  deaconess. 

DeacunshipJ 

Deanery.     The  office  of  a  dean. 

Diocese.     The  extent  of  a  bishop's  jurisdiction. 

Episcopacy.     Church  government  by  bishops. 

Episcopate.     The  office  of  a  bishop. 

Glebe.     The  land  attached  to  an  ecclesiastical  benefice. 

Incumbency.     The  state  of  holding  a  benefice. 

Living.     A  benefice. 

Pontificate.     The  office  of  the  pope. 

Prebend.     A  stipend  received  from  the  revenues  of  a  cathedral  or 

conventual  church. 

Prebendaryship.     The  office  of  a  prebendary. 

Prelacy.     The  office  of  a  prelate  or  church  government  by  prelates. 

Presbytery.     The  system  of  church  government  by  presbyters. 

Priesthood.     The  office  of  a  priest. 

Primacy.     The  office  or  character  of  a  primate  or  an  archbishop. 

Rectorship.     The  office  or  rank  of  a  rector. 

Se*.     The  jurisdiction  of  a  bishop. 

Stall.     A  seat  in  the  choir  of  a  church  for  one  of  the  officiating  clergy. 

Vicariate.     The  office  or  oversight  of  a  vicar. 

Vicarship.      The  office  of  a  vicar. 

Church — Associated  Words. 
Church  government.     The  policy  or  laws  by  which  the  Church  is 

ruled. 
Clericalism.      The  policy  of  clerical  control  over  education,  marriage 

law,  and  the  like. 
Consecration.      Setting  aside  for  a  sacred  use. 
Ecclesiography.     Church  history. 
Ecclesiologist.      One  versed  in  the  history  of  the  development  of  the 

Church. 
Ecclesiology.      The  department  of  religious  science  that  treats  of  the 

organization  and  development  of  the  Church. 
Episcopalianism.      The  beliefs  or  religious  practises  of  an  Episcopa- 
lian. 
Hierarchy.     A  body  of  ecclesiastical  rulers. 
Holy  orders.      State  of  being  ordained  to  the  ministry. 
Induction.      Installation  of  a  person  into  a  church  living. 
Institution.      Investment  of  a  clergyman  into  his  office. 
Ministry.     The  body  of  ministers  of  the  gospel. 
Odium  theologicum  [L.].     The  hatred  of  theologians. 
Ordination.     Act  of  setting  apart  to  the  Christian  ministry. 
Preferment.     A  superior  ecclesiastical  rank. 
Prelacy.     System  of  church  government  by  prelates  or  bishops. 
Presentation.      Nomination  of  a  person  to  a  church  living. 
Priestcraft.     The  policy  of  the  priesthood ,  especially  when  dictated  by 

selfish  motives. 
Reading  in.     Legal  entrance  upon  the  duties  of  office  in  the  English 

Church. 
Sacerdotalism.      The  character  or  methods  of  the  priesthood. 
Theocracy.      Government  by  the  immediate  direction  of  God. 
Translation.     Act  of  removing  from  one  office  to  another. 
Ultratnontanism.      The   principles  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church, 

maintaining  extreme  views  on  the  supremacy  of  the  pope.     [Held 

beyond  the  Alps.] 

Church — Church  Assemblies. 
Chapter.     An  assembly  of  the  clergy  connected  with  a  cathedral;  a 

bishop's  council. 
Classis.     A  church  council  or  court. 
Conclave.      The  body  of  cardinals  shut  up  in  the  conclave  for  the 

election  of  a  pope. 
CongS  d'ilire   [F.].     Permission  to  elect. 
Consistory.      (R.  C.  Ch.)     An  assembly  of  the  college  of  cardinals  at 

Rome ;    (Eng.  Ch.)  the  spiritual  court  of  a  diocesan  bishop. 
Consistorial  court.      Ecclesiastical  court. 

Convocation.      (Eng.  Ch.)  An  assembly  of  the  clergy,  by  their  repre- 
sentatives, to  consult  on  church  affairs. 


Council,  etc.     An  assembly  of  divines  convened  from  the  whole  bod> 

of  the  Church  to  regulate  matters  of  doctrine  or  discipline,  etc 

See  sub  Council. 
Court  of  Arches.     (Eng.  Ch.)     The  court  of  appeal  of  the  Archbishop 

of  Canterbury. 
Ecclesiastical  courts.     Church  courts. 
Sanhedrin.     The  supreme  council  of  the  Jewish  nation. 
Synod.     An  ecclesiastical  council  to  consult  on  church  matters. 
Vestry.     (Eng.   Ch.)     A   parochial   assembly;  (Prot.   Epis.   Ch.)  * 

body  which  regulates  the  temporal  affairs  of  a  parish. 

Church — Verbs. 
Call.     To  designate  for  a  religious  office ;  to  invite. 
Consecrate.     To  set  apart  or  dedicate  to  the  service  or  worship  o= 

God. 
Induct.     To  bring  in  or  introduce  to  a  benefice  or  office. 
Ordain.     To  invest  with  ministerial  or  sacerdotal  functions. 
Prefer.     To  honor  before  another. 
Present.     To  bestow  upon. 

Take  orders.     To  enter  some  grade  of  the  ministry. 
Take  the  veil.     To  become  a  nun. 
Take  vows.     To  take  an  oath  or  solemn  promise  in  entering  some 

sacred  office. 
Translate.     To  remove,  as  a  bishop,  from  one  see  to  another. 

Church — Adjectives. 

Abbatical. )  BeWing  to  an  abbey-         ' 

Apostolic.  Of  or  pertaining  to  an  apostle,  according  to  the  practises 
and  principles  of  the  apostles. 

Archiepiscopal.     Pertaining  to  the  archbishop. 

Canonical.  Belonging  to,  according  to,  or  derived  from,  the  canons 
or  the  books  of  the  Bible  that  are  held  to  be  inspired. 

Capitular.     Pertaining  to  an  ecclesiastical  chapter. 

Clerical.     Pertaining  to  the  clergy. 

Ecclesiastical.     Relating  to  the  government  or  polity  of  the  Churcn. 

Ecclesiological.     Belonging  to  the  science  or  theory  of  church  build-. 

,   ing  and  decoration. 

Episcopal.  Governed  by  bishops;  pertaining  to  the  Anglican 
Church. 

Episcopalian.      Relating   to  the  Episcopal  Church,  its  polity,  etc. 

Hierarchical.     Pertaining  to  a  hierarchy. 

Ministerial.  Relating  to  or  characteristic  of  a  minister  or  the  minis- 
try. 

Monachal.     Of  or  pertaining  to  monks. 

Monastic.     Pertaining  to  monasteries;  like  monks,  recluse. 

Monkish.     Like  monks,  withdrawn  from  the  world. 

Papal.     Pertaining  to  the  pope  or  the  Roman  Catholic  system. 

Pastoral.     Relating  to  a  pastor  of  a  church  or  his  duties. 

Pontifical.     Pertaining  to  a  pontiff  or  high  priest ;  hence,  to  the  pope. 

Prelatical.     Relating  to  prelates  or  prelacy. 

Presbyterian.     Governed  by  elders. 

Priestly.     Relating  to,  befitting,  a  priest. 

Priest-ridden.     Completely  under  the  domination  cf  priests. 

Sacerdotal.     Of  or  pertaining  to  the  priesthood  or  priests. 

Theocratic.  Pertaining  to  a  theocracy,  administered  directly  by 
God. 

Ultramontane .  Favoring  or  holding  extreme  views  in  regard  to  the 
supremacy  of  the  pope. 

church'-dom.     Collective  body  of  Christians.  Church. 

church'-go"-er.  One  who  goes  regularly  to  church 
Goodness-Badness. 

church'-man.  A  member  of  a  church.  Ministry- 
Laity. 

church'-war"-den.  An  officer  in  a  church.  Ministry- 
Laity. 

church'-yard".  An  enclosure  of  a  church.  Fane,  Life- 
Funeral;  churchyard  cough,  Health-Sickness. 

churl.  Boor.  Extravagance-Avarice,  Gentility- 
Democracy. 

churl'-ish.  Like  a  churl.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Extravagance-Avarice,  Moroseness,  Po- 
liteness-Impoliteness. 

churl'-ish-ness.  Rudeness.  Charitableness-Malev- 
olence, Favorite-Moroseness,  Politeness-Im- 
politeness. 

churn.  To  shake  or  agitate.  Agitation,  Viscidity- 
Foam. 

chut.  Exclamation  of  impatience.  Sound-Silence, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 


CHYLE. 


163 


CIRCLE— WINDING. 


chyle.  The  milky  fluid  contained  in  the  intestines 
during  digestion.  Liquid-Gas,  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion. 

ci-ba'-ri-ous.  Pertaining  to  food.  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion. 

cic'-a-trix.     A  scar.     Mark-Obliteration. 

cicatrix  manet[L.]  (sic'-a-trix  me-net).  The  scar  re- 
mains.    Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

cic"-a-tri-za'-tion.      Formation   of  connective   tissue. 

jiZNOVATION-RELAPSE. 

cic'-a-trize.  To  form  a  cicatrix.  Renovation-Re- 
lapse. 

Cic'-e-ro.  The  Roman  orator.  Speech-Inarticu- 
lateness. 

Cic"-e-ro'-ni-an.    Pertaining  to  Cicero.  Purity-Crude- 

NESS. 

cicerone  [It.]  (chl-che-ro'-ne).  A  guide.  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Interpreter. 

cicisbeo  [It.]  (chi"-chis-b6'-o) .     A  gallant.    Love-Hate. 

cic"-u-ra'-tion.  A  taming.  Domestication-Agricul- 
ture. 

ci'-der.  The  expressed  juice  of  apples.  Liquid-Gas, 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

ci"-de-vant'.     Of  the  past.     Future-Past. 

ci-gar'.     A  roll  of  tobacco  for  smoking.     Pungency. 

cig"-a-rette'.     Little  cigar.     Pungency. 

cigit  [F.]  (si-ji) .     Here  lies.     Life-Funeral. 

cil'-i-a.     Hair.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

cil'-i-a"-ted.     Having  cilia.    Smoothness-Roughness. 

oil'-i-um.     Hair.     Lamina-Fiber. 

cim'-e-ter.     A  sword.     Weapon. 

Cim-me'-ri-an.     Densely  dark.     Light-Darkness. 


cinc'-ture.     A  girdle.     Circle-Winding. 

cin'-der.  Waste;  charred  matter.  Cleanness-Filth- 
iness,  Heating-Cooling. 

Cin"-der-el'-la.      A   heroine   of   a  fairy  tale;     Chieje—- 
Underling,  Gentility-Democracy,  Scepter.    C- « 

cin'-der-wench".     Laboring-woman.     Gentility-De-  " 
mocracy. 

cin'-e-ra-ry.     Relating  to  ashes.     Life-Funeral. 

cin"-e-ra'-tion.  Reduction  to  ashes.  Heating-Cool» 
ing. 

ci-ne'-re-ous.     Ash-colored.     Gray-Brown. 

«*n'-gie.     A  belt.     Outline. 

cin'-na-bar.     A  red  ore.     Redness-Greenness. 

cin'-na-mon.     Brown  aromatic  bark.     Gray-Brown. 

cinque  [F.]  (sank).  The  number  5.  Five-Quinqub- 
section. 

cinque'-foil.     Ornament.     Architecture. 

ci'-pher.  The  character  o;  a  worthless  person.  Let- 
ter, Number,  Numbering,  Plurality-Zero,  Sign, 
Substance -Nullity,  Usefulness-  Uselessness; 
writing  in  cipher,  Writing-Printing. 

Cir'-ce.  An  enchantress.  Devotion-Magician,  Mo- 
tive-Caprice; circean  cup,  Moderation-Selfindul- 
gence,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

cir"-ci-na'-tion.  State  of  being  circinate.  Revolu- 
tion-Evolution. 

cir'-cle.  A  surface  bounded  by  a  curve;  company. 
Association,  Circle-Winding,  Extension-Dis- 
trict; circle  of  acquaintances,  Sociability-Privacy; 
circle  of  sciences,  Knowledge-Ignorance  ;  describe  a 
circle,  Circuition,  Roundness;  great  circle  sailing, 
Midcourse-Circuit. 


CIRCLE— WINDING. 


Circle.     A  plane  figure  bounded  by  a  curved  line  every  point  of 

which  is  equally  distant  from  the  center. 
Circularity.     State  of  forming  a  circle. 

Rotundity,  etc.     Roundness  of  solid  bodies,  etc.     See  Roundness. 
Roundness.     State  of  having  curved  lines  or  surfaces. 

Circle — Denotations, 

Amulet.     A  charm  to  ward  off  diseases,  witchcraft,  etc. 

Annulus  [L.j).     A  ring. 

Areola.     A  halo  surrounding  the  image  of  a  brilliant  body 

Armlet.     An  ornamental  band  worn  on  the  upper  arm. 

Baldric.     An  ornamental  belt  worn  over  the  shoulder  and  across  the 

breast. 
Band.     A  flexible  strip  used  as  an  article  of  dress. 
Belt.     A  band  worn  about  the  waist. 
Bracelet.     A  band  worn  about  the  wrist. 
Cestus.     A  belt  or  girdle. 

Chaplet.     A  band  of  flowers  worn  about  the  head 
Cincture.     Something  bound  about  the  waist. 
Circlet.     A  small  ornamental  ring. 
Collar.     A  band  worn  about  the  neck. 
Cordon.     An  ornamental  lace,  or  ribbon. 
Corona.     A  halo  surrounding  a  bright  body. 
Coronet.     A  small  crown. 

Crown.     A  decorative  circlet  or  covering  for  the  head- 
Cycle.     A  wheel. 

Eye.     A  circular  hole  in  anything. 
Fascia  IL.J.     A  belt. 

Fillet.     An  ornamental  band  worn  about  the  head. 
Garland.     A  circular  band  of  flowers. 
Girdle.     A  belt. 

Hoop.     A  circular  band  of  wood  or  metal. 
Lasso.     A  line  with  a  running  noose  for  capturing  cattle. 
Loop.     A  fold  or  doubling  of  a  string  in  the  form  of  a  ring. 
Necklace.     An  ornament  worn  about  the  neck. 
Noose.     A  loop-. 
Orb.     A  circle. 
Orbit.     A  circular  path. 
Ovule.     The  rudimentary  seed. 
Ring.     An  ornament  worn  about  the  finger. 
Ringlet.     A  small  ring. 
Roundlet.     A  little  circle. 
Rundle.     A  round  or  rung,  as  of  a  ladder. 


Ambages  [L.].     A  winding  or  turning. 

Anfractuosity.     The  state  of  having  windings. 

Circuit.     The  act  of  moving  around. 

Circumvolution.     The  act  of  rolling  round. 

Convolution.     The  act  of  rolling  or  twisting  together. 

Inosculation.     To  wind  about  to  cause  to  become  one. 

Involution.     Act  of  turning  or  winding  about. 

Meandering.     A  winding  course. 

Reticulation,  etc.     State  of  being  netted,  etc.     See  Crossing. 

Sinuation.     A  winding  in  and  out. 

Sinuosity.     The  quality  of  bending  in  and  out. 

Torsion.     The  act  of  turning  or  twisting. 

Tortuosity.     State  of  being  twisted. 

Twist.     A  bending. 

Undulation.     State  of  having  a  wave-like  appearance. 

Winding.     A  turn  or  turning. 


Winding — Denotations. 

Beau-catcher.     A  curl  worn  on  the  temple. 
Buckle.     Abend;  a  curl  of  hair. 
Circumbendibus.     A  roundabout  course  or  method. 
Coil.     A  ring  or  succession  of  rings  formed  by  winding. 
Corkscrew.     A  spirally  twisted  wire,  to  pierce  and  draw  a  cork- 
Curl.     Anything  coiled,  or  spiral. 
Eel.     A  fish  which  twists  and  winds  its  body. 
Escallop.     Semicircular  curves  along  an  edge  for  ornament. 
Helix.     A  wire  in  the  form  of  a  screw-thread. 
Labyrinth.     A  place  of  windings. 
Roll.     Anything  of  a  cylindrical  form. 
Rundle.     A  round  or  rung  of  a  ladder. 
Scallop.  1  s      EscALLOP. 
Scollop. ) 
Serpent.     A  creeping  animal  which  twists  its  body  into  the  shape  of 

rings. 
Spiral.     A  curve  winding  like  a  screw-thread. 
Tendril.     A  young  branch  that  grows  in  the  shape  of  a  ring. 
Twirl.     A  curved  flourish,  as  with  a  pen. 
Volute.     A  spiral  scroll-like  ornament. 
Wave.     A  rising  curve  on  a  surface,  especially  on  the  surface  of  the 

water. 
Windings  and  turnings.      Roundabout  paths. 
Worm.     An  animal  which  is  able  to  twist  its  body  into  rings. 


CIRCLE— WINDING 


164 


CIRCUITION. 


C I RCLE— WI N  DI NG— Continued. 


CIRCLE — Denotations — Continued. 

Sash.     An  ornamental  band  about  the  waist. 

Snood.     A  fillet  worn  about  the  head. 

Wheel.     A  circular  rim  and  hub  connected  by  spokes. 

Wreath.     A  circular  band  of  flowers. 

Zone.     A  portion  of  the  earth's  surface. 

Circle — Mathematical  Terms. 
Circle.     Plane  figure  bounded  by  a  curved  line,  every  point  of  which 

is  equidistant  from  a  point  within  called  the  center;   the  circum- 
ference of  such  a  figure. 
Cycloid.     The  curve  described  by  a  point  in  a  circle  that  rolls  along 

a  straight  line. 
Ellipse.     Plane  curve  such  that  the  sum  of  the  distances  from  any 

point  on  the  curve  to  two  fixed  points  is  constant. 
Ellipsoid.     A  solid,  every  plane  section  of  which  is  an  ellipse  (or  a 

circle) . 
Epicycle.     Circle  rolling  upon  the  external  or  internal  circumference 

of  another  circle. 
.Epicycloid.     Curve  traced  by  a  point  on  the  circumference  of  a  circle 

which  rolls  upon  the  convex  circumference  of  another  circle. 
Oval.     Closed  convex  plane  curve,  larger  in  the  middle  than  at  the 

ends. 
Semicircle.     Half  a  circle. 

Circle — Nouns  of  Instrument. 
Quadrant.     Instrument  provided  with  a  graduated  arc  for  measuring 

altitudes. 
Sector.     Instrument  for  measuring  angles  in  the  heavens. 
Sextant.     Instrument  for  measuring  distance  by  angles. 

Circle — Verbs. 
Describe  a  circle,  etc.     See  Circuition. 
Encircle,  etc.     See  Environment. 
Go  round.     See  Circuition. 
Make  circular,  etc .  \  0       ...    ,, 
Make  round,  etc.     I  ^  Adjectives. 
Round.     To  make  circular. 

Circle — Adjectives. 
Annular.     Pertaining  to,  or  formed  like,  a  ring. 
Belted.     Having  a  belt. 
Circular.     Of,  or  pertaining  to,  a  circle. 
Coroniform.      Having  the  shape  of  a  crown. 
Cycloidal,  etc.     Pertaining  to  a  cycloid,  etc.     See  N»uns. 
Egg-shaped.     Shaped  like  an  egg. 

Fll    f  al  J  Pertaining  or  related  to  an  ellipse. 

Guttiform.      Shaped  like  a  drop. 
Orbicular.     Similar  to  an  orb. 
Oval.     Shaped  like  an  egg. 
Ovate.     Egg-shaped. 
Pear-shaped.      See  Curvation. 
Round.     Having  a  curved  form. 
Rounded.     Made  circular. 
Spherical,  etc.     See  Roundness. 


WINDING — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Vermicular.     Shaped  like,  or  having  the  motion  of,  a  worm. 

Vermiform.     Having  the  shape  of  a  worm. 

Wavy.     Full  of  waves. 

Winding.     Twisting  from  a  straight  line  or  even  surface. 

Wreathy.     Twisted;  spiral. 

Winding — Adverbs. 
In  and  out. 
Round  and  round. 


Winding — Verbs. 
Be  convoluted,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Coil.     To  wind  in  rings. 
Contort.     To  twist  together;  to  writhe. 
Crape.     To  shape  into  ringlets. 
Crimp.     To  form  into  plaits. 
Crisp.     To  form  little  curls  or  ringlets. 
Curl.     To  twist  or  wind  into  ringlets  or  rings. 
Entwine.     To  twist  together. 
Frizz.     To  form  into  small  curls,  as  the  hair. 
Frizzle.     To  curl  the  hair. 
Indent.     To  cut,  leaving  a  toothed  edge. 
Inosculate.     To  run  together;  to  unite,  as  in  kissing. 
Intort.     To  twist;   to  writhe. 
Intwine.     To  twist  into,  or  together. 
Meander.     To  wind  or  turn  round,  as  the  river  Meander. 
Roll.     To  move  by  turning  on  a  surface. 

ScoIIod  1  ^*°  mai"k  or  cut  l^e  ed&e  °f  into  segments  of  circles 

Swirl.     To  form  eddies. 

Twill.     To  weave  so  as  to  produce  diagonal  markings. 

Twine.     To  wind  about. 

Twirl.     To  whirl  or  turn  around  rapidly. 

Twist.     To  wind;  to  turn. 

Turn  and  twist.     Wind  about. 

Undulate.     To  move  with  a  wave-like  motion. 

Wave.     To  move  like  a  wave. 

Wind.     To  turn  about  something  fixed;  to  encircle. 

Wreathe,  etc.     See  Crossing. 

Wring.     To  twist  and  strain  with  violence. 

Wrinkle.     To  make  uneven. 

Winding — Adjectives. 
Anguilliform.     In  the  form  of  an  eel. 
Buckled.     Bent;  curled. 
Circling.     Moving  around. 
Coiled.     Wound  around  in  the  form  of  rings. 
Complicated.     Folded  or  twisted  together. 
Convoluted.     Curved  or  rolled  together. 
Crepe"  [F.].     Curled,  as  the  hair. 

Daedalian.     Artistically  worked,  as  by  mythic  Daedalus  of  Crete. 
Flexous.     Winding;  bending. 
Frizzly.     Curled  or  crisped. 
Helical.     Of,  or  relating  to,  a  helix. 

Intricate.     Having  numerous  windings  and  confused  involutions. 
Involved.     Wound  round;  rolled  up. 
Labyrinthian.     Winding;  perplexed. 
Labyrinthic.     Like  a  labyrinth,  as  that  of  Crete. 
Labyrinthine.     Like  a  labyrinth. 
Mazy.     Confusing  with  turns  and  windings 
Peristaltic.       Contracting  in  successive  circles. 
Perplexed.     Confused. 

Raveled,  etc.     See  Periodicity-Irregularity. 
Serpentiform.     Shaped  like  a  serpent. 
Serpentine.     Having  the  shape  of  a  serpent. 
Sigmoidal.     Curved  in  two  directions. 
Sinuous.     Winding  in  and  out. 
Snake-like.     Like  a  snake. 
Snaky.     Winding  like  a  snake. 
Spiral.     Winding  like  a  screw. 
Tortile.     Twisted;  coiled. 
Tortive.     Wreathed;  twisted. 

Tortuous.     Winding;  bent  in  different  directions. 
Turbinated.     Whirling;  winding. 
Twisted,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

TJndate.     Rising  and  falling  in  waves  towards  the  margin,  as  a  leal 
TJndulatory.     Resembling,  or  pertaining  to,  the  motion  of  waves. 
(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


cir'-clet.     A  small  ring.     Outline. 

cir'-cling.     Surrounding.     Circle-Winding. 

cir'-cuit.  A  circular  space,  a  district.  Circle-Wind- 
ing, Circuition,  Electricity,  Extension-Dis- 
trict, MlDCOURSE-ClRCUIT,  OUTLINE. 

cir"-cu-i'-tion.     A  going  around.     Circuition. 

CIRCUITION. 
Circuit,  etc.     See  Circuit. 
Circuition.     A  going  round. 

Circulation.  Motion  through  or  around  something  back  to  the 
starting  point. 


Circumambulation.     The  act  of  walking  round  or  about. 
Circumnavigation.     The  act  of  sailing  entirely  around. 
Circumvention.     The  act  of  surrounding,  or  getting  around. 
Evolution.     Act  of  unrolling  or  unfolding. 
Turn.     The  act  of  moving  around  or  about,  as  on  a  hinge,  pivot,  04 

center. 
Turning,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Wrench.     A  sudden  and  forcible  turn. 

Circuition — Denotations. 

Coil.     A  ring  or  succession  of  rings  formed  by  winding. 
Corkscrew.     A  spiral-shaped  wire. 


CIRCUITION. 


165 


CIRROSTRATUS. 


'  To  trace  out  a  circle. 


.     .     f  Encircle, 
circle  J 


CIRCUITION— Denotations— Continued. 

Curvet.  A  movement  made  by  a  horse,  by  which  che  four  feet  are 
in  the  air  at  the  same  time. 

Excursion.     A  pleasure  journey. 

Northwest  passage.  The  passage  around  North  America  through 
Bering  Straits. 

Circuition — Verbs. 

Bend.     To  move  out  of  a  straight  line;  to  curve. 

Circulate.     To  move  round  and  return  to  the  same  starting  point. 

Circumambulate.     To  walk  round  about. 

Circumnavigate.     To  sail  round  about. 

Circumvent.     To  surround  entirely ;  to  get  around. 

Describe  a  circle. 

Describe  a  complete  circle. 

Double  a  point.      To  go  round  a  point. 

Go  about.     To  turn  the  head  of  a  ship. 

Go  round.     Encircle. 

Go  the  round.     Make  the  circuit. 

Go  through  1800.     Go  through  a  half  circle. 

Go  through  3600.     Go  round  a  circle. 

Go  to  the  right-about.     To  turn  in  the  opposite  direction. 

Heel.     To  spin  round  on  the  heel. 

Make  a  circle. 

Make  a  complete  circle.. 

Make  a  detour,  etc.     See  Circuit. 

Make  the  round  of.     To  go  the  circuit  of. 

Meander.  To  run,  turn,  or  wind  round,  as  where  "  Meander's  amber 
waves  in  lingering  labyrinths  creep."  IT.  Gray,  Progress  0} 
Poesy,  ii,  3J 

Pass  through  1800.     Pass  through  a  half  circle. 

Pass  through  3600.     Pass  round  a  circle. 

Put  about.     To  change  direction. 

Put  a  girdle  round  about  the  earth.  To  travel  round  the  world. 
[Shakespeare,  Midsummer  Night's  Dream,  II,  i.Q 

Round  a  corner.     To  turn  a  corner. 

Turn.     To  cause  to  revolve;  to  give  another  direction  to. 

Turn  a  corner.     Go  round  a  corner. 

Turn  on  one's  heel.     Wheel  about. 

Turn  round.      Revolve. 

Turn  to  the  right-about.  To  turn  from  the  left  in  an  opposite  direc- 
tion; right-about  face. 

Twirl.     To  revolve  or  be  revolved  rapidly. 

Twist,  etc.     See  Circle-Winding. 

Wheel.     To  go  round  in  a  circuit. 

Whisk.     To  move,  or  cause  to  move  quickly,  lightly,  and  suddenly. 

Wind.     To  turn  round  something  fixed;  to  encircle. 

Circuition — Adjectives. 
Circuitous.     Winding. 
Circumfluent.     Flowing  round. 

Circumforaneous.     Going  from  place  to  place;  strolling  about. 
Turning,  etc.  1  &    Vfrbs 
Winding,  etc. J 


Circuition — Adverb. 


Round  about. 


cir-cu'-i-tous.  Going  around  in  a  circle.  Aim-Aber- 
ration, Circuition;  circuitous  method,  Midcourse- 
Circuit. 

cir-cu'-i-tous-ly.     Indirectly.     Roundness. 

cir'-cu-lar.  Round.  Circle-Winding,  Missive-Pub- 
lication, Publicity;  circular  note,  Credit-Debit. 

cir"-cu-lar'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  circular.  Har- 
mony-Discord. 

cir'-cu-late .  To  move  around.  Anatomy,  Circui- 
tion, Publicity,  Revolution-Evolution. 

cir'-cu-lat"-ing  med'-i-um.     Currency.     Money. 

cir"-cu-la'-tion.  A  passing  round.  Circuition,  Out- 
lay-Income, Publicity,  Revolution-Evolution; 
circulation  in,  Publicity,  Tidings-Mystery. 

cir"-cum-am'-bi-ence .  A  surrounding.  Environ- 
ment-Interposition. 

cir"-cum-am'-bi-ent.  Encompassing.  Environment- 
Interposition. 

cir"-cum-am'-bu-late.  To  walk  around.  Circuition, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

cir"-cum-am"-bu-la'-tion.  A  going  around.  Circui- 
tion. 

cir"-cum-ben'-di-bus.  A  roundabout  course.  Circle- 
Winding. 


cir'-cum-cise.  To  cut  the  foreskin.  Ceremonial, 
Union-Disunion. 

cir"-cum-ci'-sion.  A  Jewish  rite  of  cutting  off  the  pre- 
puce.    Ceremonial. 

cir"-cum-duc'-tion.  A  leading  around.  Mark-Oblit- 
eration. 

cir-cum'-fer-ence.  The  boundary-line  of  a  circle.  Out- 
line. 

cir"-cum-fe-ren'-tial.  Lying  in  the  circumference. 
Environment- Interposition. 

cir-cum'-flu-ent.  Surrounding.  Circuition,  Environ- 
ment-Interposition. 

cir"-cum-fc-ra'-ne-an.  Vagrant.  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion. 

cir"-cum-fo-ra'-ne-ous.  Strolling  about.  Circuition, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

cir"-cum-f use' .  To  pour  around.  Gathering-Scat- 
tering. 

cir"-cum-fu'-sion.  A  pouring  around.  Gathering- 
Scattering. 

cir"-cum-gy-ra'-tion.  Rotation  on  axis.  Revolu- 
tion-Evolution. 

cir"-cum-ja'-cence.  Lying  about.  Environment- 
Interposition,  Outside-Inside. 

cir"-cum-ja'-cent.  Surrounding.  Environment-In- 
terposition. 

cir"-cum-lo-cu'-tion.  Indirect  expression.  Terse- 
ness-Prolixity. 

cir"-cum-loc'-u-to-ry.     Roundabout.     Roundness. 

cir"-cum-nav'-i-gate.  To  sail  around.  Circuition, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

cir"-cum-nav"-i-ga'-tion.  A  sailing  around.  Circu- 
ition, Traveling-Navigation. 

cir"-cum-po'-lar.     Near  a  pole.     Astronomy. 

cir"-cum-ro-ta'-tion.  A  whirling.  Revolution-Evo- 
lution. 

cir"-cum-ro'-ta-to-ry.  Rotatory.  Revolution-Evo- 
lution. 

cir"-cum-scribe' .  To  define.  Confinement,  En- 
largement-Diminution, Leave-Prohibition. 

cir"-cum-scribed'.     Defined.     Confined. 

cir"-cum-scrip'-tion.     Restriction.    Confinement. 

cir"-cum-spec'-tion.  Watchfulness.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Heed-Disregard. 

cir'-cum-stance.  A  condition  of  things.  Condition- 
Situation,  Occurrence-Destiny. 

cir'-cum-stan-ces.  Worldly  estate.  Property;  bad 
circumstances,  Affluence-Penury;  depend  on  cir- 
stances,  Certainty-Doubt;  good  circumstances, 
Affluence-Penury;  under  the  circumstances,  Con- 
dition-Situation. 

cir"-cum-stan'-tial.  Particular;  presumptive.  Con- 
dition-Situation; circumstantial  account,  Account; 
circumstantial  evidence,  Evidence-Counterevi- 
dence,  Likelihood-Unlikelihood. 

cir"-cum-val-la'-tion.  A  throwing  up  of  ramparts. 
Attack-Defense,  Confinement,  Enclosure;  line 
of  circumvallation,  Cover-Lining. 

cir"-cum-vent'.  To  prevent.  Circuition,  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Environment-Interposition,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Success-Failure,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

cir"-cum-ven'-tion.  Stratagem.  Circuition,  Success- 
Failure,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

cir"-cum-vo-lu'-tion.  Convolution.  Circle-Winding, 
Revolution-Evolution. 

cir"-cum-volve' .  To  cause  to  revolve.  Revolution- 
Evolution. 

cir'-cus.  A  place  for  acrobatic  feats.  Acting, 
Dweller-Habitation,  Lists. 

cir"-ro-cu'-mu-lus.  A  form  of  clouds.  Viscidity- 
Foam. 

cir"-ro-stra'-tus.  A  cloud  formation.  Viscidity- 
Foam. 


CIRRUS. 


166 


CIVILIZE. 


cir'-rus.    A  form  of  cloud.     Viscidity-Foam, 

Cis-ter'-cian.     A  monk.     Ministry-Laity. 

cis'-tern.     A  reservoir.     Contents-Receiver,  Store. 

cit.     A  citizen.     Dweller-Habitation. 

cit'-a-del.     A  fortress.     Attack-Defense. 

ci-ta'-tion.     Quotation;    summons.     Evidence-Coun- 

terevidence,  Justification-Charge,   Litigation, 

Order. 
cite.     To  quote;  to  summon.     Conventionality-Un- 


conventionality,  Evidence  *  Counterevidence, 
Justification-Charge,  Litigation,  Order. 

cith'-ern.     A  lute.     Musical  Instruments. 

cit'-i-zen.  A  city  dweller.  Dweller-Habitation. 
citizen  of  the  world,  Humanitarianism-Misan- 
thropy. 

cit'-rine.     Yellow-colored.     Yellowness-Purple. 

city.  An  incorporated  town.  City-Country,  Dweller- 
Habitation. 


CITY— COUNTRY. 


Borough.     An  incorporated  town  or  village. 

Burgh.     A  borough  or  incorporated  town. 

Capital.     The  city  used  as  the  seat  of  government  of  a  nation. 

City.     A  corporate  town. 

Metropolis.     The  chief  city  of  a  kingdom,  state,  or  country. 

Municipality.     A  municipal  district. 

Town.     Any  considerable  collection  of  dwelling-houses. 

City — Associated  Words. 

Alley.     Narrow  street. 

Avenue.     Broad  street  usually  bordered  with  trees. 
Bank.     Institution  which  lends  and  cares  for  money. 
Boulevard.     Pleasure-street. 
Bourse.     Money-market;  exchange. 
Bully.     Quarrelsome  but  generally  cowardly  fellow 
Cockney.     A  Londoner;  his  mother's  darling. 
Crossing.     Place  where  streets  pass  each  other. 
Curbstone.     Row  of  stones  placed  at  the  edge  of  a  sidewalk  or  street. 
Dark  retreat.     Slum. 
Dives.     Disreputable  resorts. 
Esplanade.     Lawn. 

Exchange.     Place  where  business  transactions  are  centered. 
Fire-district.     Section  of  a  city  protected  by  certain  fire -station*. 
Gamin.     Street  Arab. 
Ghetto.  ~  The  Jews'  quarters. 

Gutter.     Channel  at  side  of  street  for  running  off  water. 
Hoodlum.     Street  rowdy. 

Low  neighborhood.     Disreputable  portion  of  a  city. 
Man  about  town.      Man  of  means  and  leisure. 
Pavement.     Hard  surface -covering  for  walks  and  streets. 
Plaza.     Open  square  or  market-place. 
Police  district.     Section  assigned  to  certain  police  officers. 
Precinct.     District  made  with  reference  \o  elections,  policing,  etc. 
Promenade.     Place  for  walking  for  pleasure. 
Public  park.      Pleasure-ground  for  the  public. 
Rowdy.     A  rough. 

Saloon.     Place  where  spirituous  liquors  are  sold.    A  large  hall 
Slums.     Low   filthy  portions  of  a  city. 
Stock  exchange.      Place  where  stocks  are  bought  and  sold. 
Street.     Thoroughfare.     A  paved  Roman  road. 
Street  Arab.     Child  living  on  the  streets. 
Swell.     Very  fashionable  person. 

Tenderloin.     Low  district  in  New  York  City,  between  West  Twenty- 
third  street  and  West  Thirty-fourth  street. 
Tough.     Person  given  to  vice  and  crime. 
Urbanity.     Refinement  and  agreeableness ;  city  manners. 
Ward.     Division  of  a  city  made  for  convenience  of  government. 


City  like. 
Genteel. 
Oppidan. 
Polished. 
Urbane. 


City — Adjectives. 

Having  the  manners  of  a  city  dweller. 
Stylish;   well  bred. 

Relating  to  a  town. 

Refined  and  polite. 
Polite;  suave. 


COUNTRY — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Rustic. 
Rude;   •ountry . 


Rural. 
Rustic. 

cit'-y-like".     Similar  to  a  city.     City-Country. 

civ'-et.     A  perfume.     Perfume-Stench. 

civ'-ic.     Relating  to  a  citizen.     Humanity. 

civ'-ic  crown.  Garland  of  honor  among  the  Romans. 
Trophy. 

civ'-il.  Relating  to  a  citizen;  courteous.  Ministry- 
Laity,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Society-Ludi- 
crousness;  civil  law,  Law-Lawlessness;  civil  war, 
Fighting-Conciliation. 


Arcadia.     Any   place    where   ideal    rustic    simplicity   and   content 

prevail. 
Backwoods.     Wild,  sparsely  settled  districts. 

Country.     With  the  definite  article,  a  rural  region;  outside  the  city. 
Countryside.     A  section  of  country,  or  its  inhabitants. 

Country — Associated  Words. 

Arbor.     Summer-house,  consisting  of  lattice  framework  covered  with 

vines. 
Bower.     Shady  nook. 
Breath  of  new-mown  hay. 
Bucolics.     Pastoral  poems,  as  those  of  Virgil. 
Country  churchyard. 

Countryman.     One  living  in  the  country. 
Country-seat.     Dwelling  in  the  country. 
Countrywoman.     A  woman  living  in  the  country. 
Cottage.     House  in  the  country. 
Curfew.     Bell  rung  at  nightfall,  a  Norman  signal  to  cover  fire. 

"  The  curfew  tolls  the  knell  of  parting  day."     [Gray's  Elegy  in  a 

Country  Churchyard.^ 
Fold.     Place  where  sheep  are  sheltered. 
Forest.     Tract  of  land  covered  with  trees. 
Green  fields  and  pastures  new.     "To-morrow  to  fresh  woods  and 

pastures  new."  [Milton,  Lycidas,  193. D 
Hamlet.  Village.  [A  little  Saxon  home.] 
Landscape.     A  rural  view. 

Lawn.     Plot  of  ground,  usually  around  a  house,  covered  with  grass. 
Lea.     Meadow. 
Little  red  schoolhouse. 

May-day.    First  day  of  May,  the  coronation  day  of  the  May  queen. 
May-pole.     Pole,  decorated,  and  around  which  dancing  took  place 

on  May-day. 
Meadow-land.     Meadow. 
Milkmaid.     Woman  who  milks  cows. 
Old  homestead.     Old  family  abode. 

Old  Oaken  Bucket.     Popular  pastoral  song  written  by  Samuel  Wood- 
worth. 
Orchard.     Plot  of  land  on  which  fruit  is  raised. 
Park.     Tract  of  land  of  natural  or  historic  interest  set  apart  by  the 

government  for  the  enjoyment  of  the  public. 
Pasture.     Ground  on  which  cattle  can  graze. 
Rustic.     Peasant. 
Shepherd.     Keeper  of  sheep. 
Shepherdess.     Female  keeper  of  sheep. 
Swain.     Rustic  gallant. 

T.!l?rp-  }  Small  settlement. 
Village  J 

Village  green.     Grass-land  in  or  near  a  village. 

Vineyard.     Collection  of  grape-vines. 

Woodland.     Land  grown  up  with  trees. 

Yew  tree.     An  evergreen,  often  found  in  British  churchyards.  **  The 

yew  tree's  shade."     [Gray's  Elegy.] 

Country — Adjectives. 
Arcadian.     Ideally  rural  or  simple. 
Bucolic .     Pastoral . 

Country.     Of,  or  pertaining  to,  the  region  outside  a  city. 
Pastoral.     Pertaining  to  the  life  of  shepherds  and  rustics. 

{Continued  on  Column  1 .) 

ci-vil'-ian.  One  who  understands  civil  law;  a  citizea 
Advocate,  Ministry-Laity. 

ci-vil'-i-ty.     Politeness.     Politeness-Impoliteness. 

civ"-i-li-za'-tion.  Refinement;  culture.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Soci- 
ety-Ludicrousness. 

civ'-i-lize.  Make  civilized.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness. 


CIVILIZED. 


167 


CLEANNESS— FILTHINESS. 


kv'-i-Uzed.  Educated  from  the  savage  to  the  cultured 
state.     Politeness-Impoliteness. 

civ'-i-lized  life.   Not  savage.    Society-Ludicrousness. 

civitas  magna,  magna  solitudo  [L.]  (siv'-i-tas  mag'-na, 
mag'-na  sol-i-tiu'-do) .  A  great  city,  a  great  soli- 
tude.    Sociability-Privacy. 

ciV-ism.  Devotion  to  public  weal.  Humanitarian- 
ism-Misanthropy. 

clack.  A  sharp  noise ;  continuous  talk.  Crash-Drum- 
ming, Cry-Ululation,  Talkativeness-Taciturn- 
ity. 

clad.     Clothed.     Dress-Undress. 

claim.  A  right;  a  title;  the  thing  claimed.  Dueness- 
Undueness,  LitIgation,  Order,  Property;  claim 
the  attention,  Heed-Disregard. 

claim'-ant.  One  who  makes  a  claim.  Dueness-Un- 
dueness,  Petitioner. 

claim'-ing.    Demanding.    Dueness-Undueness. 

clair-obscur  [F.]  (clar-ob-scur7) .  Light  and  shade. 
Light-Darkness. 

clair-voy'-ance.    Fortune-telling.    Devotion-Magic. 

clair-voy'-ant.  One  who  practises  clairvoyance.  De- 
votion-Magician. 

clam.     A  bivalve  mollusk.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

clam'-ant.  Calling  for  help.  Cry-Ululation,  Due- 
ness-Undueness. 

clam'-ber.     To  mount.     Ascent-Descent. 

clam'-my.     Damp  and  cold.     Viscidity-Foam. 

clam'-or.  To  make  loud  cries.  Approval-Disappro- 
val, Cry-Ululation,  Jubilation-Lamentation; 
clamor  for,  Petition-Expostulation. 

clam'-or-ous.  Made  with  clamor.  Approval-Dis- 
approval,      ExCITABILITY-IiVEXCITABILITY,      LOUD- 

ness-Faintness. 

clamp.  To  join;  a  fastener.  Connective,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help, Union-Disunion. 

clan.  A  small  tribe.  Association,  Division,  Gath- 
ering-Scattering, Parentage-Progeny. 

clan-des'-tine.  Kept  secret.  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy. 

clang.     Loud  sound.     Loudness-Faintness. 

clan -gor.     Repeated  clanging.     Cacophony. 

clan'-gor-ous.     Noisy.     Loudness-Faintness. 

clan'-nish-ness.  State  of  being  clannish.  Decision- 
Misjudgment. 

clan'-ship.  Union  under  a  chief.  Antagonism-Con- 
currence. 

clap.  To  applaud;  to  strike  together.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Crash-Drumming;  clap  on  the  shoul- 
der, Motive-Caprice;  clap  the  hand,  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Jubilation-Lamentation;  clap  together, 
Union-Disunion;  clap  up,  Release-Restraint; 
thunder  clap,  Phenomenon. 

clap'-per-claw".  To  slap.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Stripe-Peace. 

clap'-ping.  Striking  together.  Approval-Disapproval. 

clap'-trap".  Cheap  artifice.  Pomp,  Ratiocination- 
Instinct,  Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

claqueur  [F.]  (cla-cur').  A  paid  applauder.  Flat- 
terer-Defamer. 

claqueur,  f aire  son  fouet  [F.]  (cla-cur',  fer  son-  fu-e'). 
To  make  a  bustle  in  the  world.     Bragging. 

clar'-ence.     A  carriage.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

clar'-et.     A  red  table-wine.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

clar'-et-col"-or.     Reddish.     Redness-Greenness. 

clar'-i-chord.  Musical  instrument.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

clar'-i-fy.     To  make  clear.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 


clar'-i-net.  A  wooden  musical  instrument.  Musical 
Instruments. 

clar'-i-on.  Trumpet.  Fighting-Conciliation,  Mu- 
sical Instruments. 

clash.  Opposition;  to  strike  together;  inharmonious 
sound.  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Cooperation- 
Opposition,  Crash-Drumming,  Harmony-Discord, 
Impetus-Reaction,  Variance-Accord;  clash  of 
arms,  Strife-Peace. 

clash'-ing.  Interfering.  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Cooperation-Opposition. 

clasp.  To  embrace;  hold  firmly;  a  bond;  a  holding 
close.  Blandishment,  Cohesion-Looseness,  Con- 
nective, Outline,  Remoteness-Nearness.Taking- 
Restitution,  Union-Disunion. 

class.  To  divide;  to  arrange;  a  group  of  students. 
Division,  Organization-Disorganization,  School, 
Teacher-Pupil. 

clas'-sic.  Pertaining  to  Greek  and  Latin  authors;  pure. 
Novelty-Antiquity,  Proportion-Deformity. 

clas'-sic-al.  Classic;  pure;  refined.  Purity-Crude- 
ness,  Taste-Vulgarity;  classical  education,  Educa- 
tion-Learning. 

clas"-si-fi-ca'-tion.  A  grouping.  Organization-Dis- 
organization. 

clas'-sis.  An  ecclesiastical  body.  Church,  Ministry- 
Laity. 

class'-man.  One  of  a  class  in  college;  in  English  uni- 
versities, a  candidate  for  a  degree  who  has  won  an 
honor  on  account  of  his  standing  at  examinations. 
Friend-Foe,  Reputation-Discredit,  Solitude- 
Company. 

class'-mate.  A  member  of  the  same  class.  Friend- 
Foe,  Solitude-Company. 

clat'-ter.  A  rattling  noise.  Crash-Drumming,  Loud- 
ness-Faintness. 

clau'-di-cate.     To  limp.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

clau"-di-ca'-tion.  A  limping.  Success-Failure, 
Swiftness-Slowness. 

clause.  A  portion  of  a  sentence  or  document.  Mis- 
sive-Publication, Terms,  Whole-Part. 

clausis  januis  [L.]  (clau'-zis  jan'-yu-is).  With  closed 
doors.     Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

claus'-tral.     Pertaining  to  a  cloister.     Fane. 

cla'-vate.     Club-shaped.     Convexity-Concavity. 

cla'-va"-ted.     Club-shaped.     Convexity-Concavity. 

clav'-i-chord.    An  early  piano.    Musical  Instruments. 

cla'-vi-er.  A  keyboard  instrument.  Musical  In- 
struments. 

claw.  To  tear.  Giving-Receiving,  Keeping-Re- 
linquishment;  claw  back,  Flatterer-Defamer. 

clay.  Soft  earth;  the  human  body;  earth.  Hardness- 
Softness,  Life-Corpse,  Materials,  Ocean-Land. 

clay'-cold".     Clammy.     Heat-Cold. 

clay'-more".     A  broadsword.     Weapons. 

clean.  Pure;  well-proportioned.  Cleanness-Filth- 
iness, Entirety- Deficiency,  Faultlessness- 
Faultiness;  clean  bill  of  health,  Health-Sickness; 
clean  breast,  Exposure-Hidingplace;  clean  for- 
gotten, Remembrance-Forgetpulness;  clean  hand, 
Adept-Bungler;  clean  out,  Admission-Expulsion; 
clean  sweep,  Revolution;  with  clean  hands,  Inno- 
cence-Guilt, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

cleaned.     Renovated.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

clean'-ing.     Renovating.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

clean'-ly.     Free  from  dirt.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

clean'-ness.  State  of  being  clean.  Cleanness-Filth- 
iness 


CLEANNESS-FILTHINESS. 


Ablution.     Cleaning  by  washing. 

Abstersion.     Cleansing  by  wiping  away. 

Cleaning,  etc.     The  act  of  removing  dirt  from.     See  Verbs. 

Cleanness.     The  state  of  being  free  from  dirt. 


Abomination.     Extremely  loathsome  filthiness. 

Contamination,  etc.     The  state  of  being  made  filthy  by  contact,  etc; 

See  Verbs. 
Defedation.     The  act  of  making  filthy. 


CLEANNESS. 


168 


CLEANNESS— FILTHINESS. 


CLEANNESS— FILTH  INESS—On/tniwd. 


Colature.     The  process  of  cleaning  by  straining. 

Defecation,  etc.     The  act  of  freeing  from  impurities.     See  Verbs . 

Detersion.     Act  of  freeing  from  offensive  or  impure  matter. 

Disinfection.     The  process  of  freeing  from  contagious  matter. 

Drainage.     The  process  of  cleaning  by  a  continuous  flow  of  water. 

Epurgation.     A  making  pure. 

Lavation.     The  process  of  cleansing  by  washing. 

Lustration.     The  ceremony  of  cleansing  by  water. 

Mundation.     The  act  of  cleansing. 

Purgation.     The  act  of  cleansing  from  impurities. 

Purification.     The  process  of  freeing  from  defilement. 

Purity.     The  state  of  being  free  from  defilement. 

Sewerage.     Drainage  or  cleaning  by  means  of  sewers. 

Cleanness — Nouns  of  Agent, 
Bandanna.     A  bright  red  handkerchief. 
Besom.     A  broom  made  out  of  twigs. 
Blotter.     A  sheet  of  absorbent  paper. 
Broom.     A  brush  attached  to  a  long  handle  for  sweeping. 
Cloth.     A  piece  of  clothing  for  mopping  or  drying. 

DoyleV  /  A  small  mat-like  napkin. 

Drugget.     A  coarse  fabric  used  for  table-covers. 

Duster.     Anything  by  which  dust  is  removed. 

Dustman.     One  whose  business  is  the  removal  of  ashes,  etc. 

Filter.     An  apparatus,  or  porous  substance  for  straining  impurities. 

Handkerchief.     A  piece  of  cloth  for  wiping  the  face  or  nose. 

Laundry.     An  establishment  for  washing. 

Laundress.     A  woman  employed  in  a  laundry. 

Lavatory.     An  apartment  for  washing. 

Malkin.     A  cloth  for  cleaning  an  oven. 

Mop.     A  cloth  used  for  cleaning. 

Rake.  An  implement  for  gathering  loose  material,  or  making  a  sur- 
face smooth  or  level. 

Riddle.     A  coarse  sieve. 

Scavenger.     A  street  cleaner. 

Screen.     A  sieve. 

Shovel.  A  flattened  scoop  with  a  handle,  used  to  lift  and  throw  loose 
substances. 

Sieve.     An  apparatus  for  sifting. 

Sponge.     A  substance  used  as  an  absorbent. 

Sudary.     A  handkerchief  for  drying  sweat. 

Swab.     A  mop  for  drying  and  cleaning. 

Sweep.     One  who,  or  that  which,  sweeps. 

Towel.     A  cloth  for  drying  anything  by  wiping. 

Washerwoman.     A  woman  whose  business  it  is  to  wash  clothes. 

Wash-house.     A  place  where  washing  is  done. 

Cleanness — Medical  Terms. 
Cathartic.     A  purgative  medicine. 
Detergent.     A. medicine  that  cleanses  morbid  parts. 
Disinfectant.     A  substance  used  to  destroy  the  germs  of  infectious 

diseases. 
Lotion.     A  wash  for  a  wound. 
Purifier,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Wash.     A  liquid  preparation  for  washing  injured  parts. 

Cl  ea  nn  es  s —  Verbs . 
Absterge.     To  clean  by  wiping. 
Brush.     To  clean  away  with  a  brush. 
Buck.     To  cleanse  in  running  water  by  beating. 
Castrate.     To  purify  from  objectionable  passages,  as  a  book. 
Clarify.     To  free  from  impurities  by  chemical  means. 
Clean.     To  remove  dirt  from 
Cleanse.     To  remove  all  filth.      , 
Clear.     To  make  perceptibly  clean. 
Comb.     To  clean  with  a  comb. 
Defecate.     To  cleanse  by  discharging  impurities. 
Deodorize.     To  clean  so  as  not  to  have  an  odor. 
Depurate.     To  free  from  physical  impurities. 
Despumate.     To  clean  away  impurities  in  scum. 
Deterge.     To  free  from  offending  matter,  as  an  ulcer. 
Disinfect.     To  free  from  contagious  matter. 
Edulcorate.     To  free  from  soluble  acids  or  salts. 
Elutriate.     To  cleanse  by  washing  out. 
Emasculate.     To  purify  from  coarseness,  as  a  book. 
Expurgate.     To  purify  from  what  is  unclean. 

S|?~*t     |  To  purify  by  passing  through  a  porous  substance. 

Flush.     To  purify  by  washing  out  with  a  continuous  flow  of  water. 
Full.     To  purify  by  scouring,  as  cloth  in  a  fulling-mill. 
Fumigate.     To  disinfect  with  smoke. 
Launder.     To  clean  by  washing  and  ironing. 


Defilement.     The  state  of  being  made  filthy. 

Fetor,  etc.    A  filthy  smell,  etc.     See  Perfume-Stench. 

Immundicity.l  tt     i 

Immundity.    i  Uncleanness. 

Impurity.     The  state  of  being  defiled. 

Impurity  of  mind,  etc      See  Purity-Impurity. 

Slovenliness,  etc.  J.  The   state   of    being  careless   in   one's  personal 

Slovenry,  etc.        )      habits,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Soiliness.     Filth. 

Soilure.     The  state  of  having  been  made  unclean  by  filth. 

Squalor.     Filth  resulting  from  improvident  poverty. 

Tainture.}Atraceoffilth- 

Filthiness — Denotations. 

Alluvium.     Deposits  of  sand  and  mud  by  the  currents  of  rivers. 

Ashes.     The  remains  of  a  substance  that  has  been  burned. 

Bilge-water.     Foul  water  that  collects  in  the  bilge  of  a  ship. 

Bug.     An  insect,  usually  living  in  filthy  places. 

Caput  mortuum  [L.].     Dead  head;  worthless  residuum  from  distilla* 
tion. 

Carrion.     Putrefying  flesh. 

Cheese-parings.     Parings  or  cuttings  of  cheese,  sometimes  becoming 
strong  smelling. 

Cinders.     Remains  of  burning. 

Clinker.     A  large  cinder. 

Cobweb.     A  spider's-web,  a  mark  of  filth  or  disuse. 

Compost.     Stable  manure  used  as  a  fertilizer. 

Coprolite.     The  petrified  dung  of  extinct  vertebrates. 

Dandruff,     A  scurf  that  forms  on  the  head  and  comes  off  in  small 
scales. 

Dirt.     Any  foul  or  filthy  substance ;  "  matter  in  the  wrong  place." 

Dish-water.     Water  in  which  dishes  have  been  washed. 

Ditch-water.     Foul  and  ill-smelling  water. 

Draff.     Refuse. 

Dregs.     The  sediment  of  beverages. 

Dross.     Impurity  in  melted  metal. 

Drossiness.     Quality  of  being  dross. 

Dung.     The  excrement  of  animals. 

Dust.     Sweepings  and  refuse  of  housekeeping;  earth  pulverized. 

Excrement.     Refuse  matter  discharged  from  an  animal  body. 

Excreta  [L.].     Excrement.     See  Nutriment-Excretion. 

Exuvice  [L.].     Cast  skins  or  shells  of  animals.  ' 

Fasces  [L.].     Animal  excrement. 

Fecula.     The  washings  of  a  farinaceous  pulp. 

Filth.     Anything  that  soils  or  makes  foul. 

Flea.     An  insect,  parasitic  upon  a  mammal  or  bird. 

Flue.     The  downy  matter  that  is  scraped  from  cloth  or  wool. 

Froth.     Any  foamy  excretion. 

Fur.     The  crust  deposited  by  a  liquid,  as  wine. 

Furfur.     Dandruff. 

Garbage.     Waste  of  any  kind. 

Grime.     That  which  soils,  as  smut  or  soot. 

Grounds.     Particles  that  settle  at  the  bottom  of  a  liquid  preparation. 

Guano.     The  excrement  of  sea-birds. 

Heeltap.     Liquor  left  in  a  glass  after  drinking. 

Hogwash.     Kitchen  refuse,  fed  to  hogs. 

Lees.     Dregs  of  a  liquor. 

Lienteria  [L.].     A  diarrhea  in  which  partially  digested  food  is  passed. 

Louse.     A  small  insect  parasitic  on  and  sucking  the  blood  of  mam- 
mals. 

Manure.     Substance  applied  to  soil  to  render  it  more  fertile,  as  dung, 
decaying  animal  and  vegetable  matter,  etc. 

Mire.     Deep  mud. 

Morphew.     A  scurfy  eruption. 

Mother.     A  film  on  the  surface  of  alcoholic  liquids. 

Muck.     Moist  manure. 

Mud.     Moistened  earth. 

Offal.     Rubbish  or  refuse  of  any  kind. 

Offscourings.     Rejected  matter. 

Offscum.     Refuse  or  scum. 

Ordure.     Offensive  excrement. 

Outscourings.     That  which  is  scoured  or  washed  out. 

Peccant  humor.      Corrupt  and   offensive   matter;   a   sinning   fluid 
among  the  five  fluids  of  the  body.  [Bacon,  Ad.  of  Learning,  I,  52.] 

Precipitate.     A  substance  separated  from  a  solution. 

Pus.     Secretion  from  inflamed  tissues. 

Quagmire.     Soft,  marshy  ground. 

Raff.     Worthless  stuff. 

Recrement.     Superfluous  stuff. 

Residuum.     That  which  remains  after  any  process  of  subtraction 

Riffraff.     Miscellaneous  rubbish. 

Rinsings.     Lees  removed  by  rinsing. 


CLEANNESS. 


169 


FILTHINESS. 


CLEANNESS— FILTKINESS— Continued. 


CLEANNESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Lave.     To  clean  by  washing  with  a  flow  of  water. 

Lixiviate.     To  separate  soluble  from  insoluble  substances  by  washing. 

Mop.     To  clean  by  wiping  with  a  bundle  of   rags  attached   to  a 

handle. 
Mundify.     To  cleanse. 
Pick.     To  clean  by  carefully  gathering  out. 
Purge.     To  cleanse  by  removing  foreign  and  impure  matter. 
Purify.     To  free  from  an  undesirable  admixture. 
Rack.     To  separate  liquor  from  its  sediment. 
Rake.     To  clean  out  searchingly. 

Refine.     To  purify  by  freeing  from  extraneous  matter. 
Rinse.     To  cleanse  for  a  last  time  with  water. 
Scour.     To  clean  by  a  thorough  washing  and  rubbing. 
Scrub.     To  clean  by  hard  washing  and  rubbing. 
Shampoo.     To  lather,  rub  and  wash  the  head.     [Hindus.] 
Sift.     To  clean  out  the  fine  parts  by  means  of  a  sieve. 
Sponge.     To  clean  witha  damp  sponge. 
Strain.     To  purify  a  liquid  of  its  coarse  particles  by  passing  through 

some  porous  substance. 
Swab.     To  clean  with  a  soft  cloth  or  rag. 
Sweep.     To  clean  with  a  broom. 
Ventilate.     To  render  pure  by  admitting  fresh  air. 
Wash.     To  cleanse  with  a  liquid. 
Weed.     To  clean  the  weeds  out  of. 
White-wash.     To  try  to  purify  by  covering  dirt  over  with  a  coat  of 

white;  so  of  soiled  characters. 
Winnow.     To  clean  the  chaff  from  the  grain. 
Wipe.     To  clean  by  rubbing  softly. 
Wring.     To  separate  the  water  from  by  squeezing  or  twisting  tight. 

Cleanness — Verbal  Expressions. 
Be  clean,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  brush  up;  clear  out;   make  a  clean 
sweep  of,  to  clean  out  thoroughly;  render  clean,  etc.  (see  Adjec- 
tives) ;    rout  out,  to  clean  out  by  means  of  a  thorough  search; 
sweep  out. 

Cleanness — Adjectives. 

Clean.     Free  from  dirt. 

Cleaned,  etc.     Freed  from  dirt,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Cleanly.     Disposed  to  be  clean. 

Gimp.     Dressed  in  a  careful  and  cleanly  manner. 

Immaculate.     Perfect  in  purity;  without  spot. 

Kempt.     Arranged  in  good  order. 

Neat.     Marked  by  strict  cleanliness. 

Pure.     Free  from  defilement. 

Spotless.     Free  from  impurity. 

Spruce.     Neat  in  dress. 

Stainless.     Absolutely  pure. 

Tidy.     Marked  by  order  and  cleanness. 

Trim.     Perfect  in  order  and  neatness. 

Uninfected.     Free  from  contagion. 

Unsoiled.     Free  from  defilement. 

Unspotted.     Free  from  blemishes. 

Unstained.     Absolutely  pure. 

Untainted.     Not  made  impure  by  an  admixture  of  foul  matter. 

Cleanness — Adjective  Expressions. 
Clean  as  a  new  penny;  like  a  cat  in  pattens,  awkwardly  and  affectedly 
neat;  sweet  as  a  nut. 

Cleanness — Adverbs. 
Neatly,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Cleanness — Adverbial  Expression. 
Clean  as  a  whistle.     Neatly;  smoothly;  slick  as  a  whistle. 


FILTHINESS — Filthy  Persons — Continued  from  Column  2. 
Dustman.     One  whose  employment  is  to  remove  dirt  and  refuse. 
Malkin.     An  untidy  kitchen-maid. 
Mudlark.     A  person  who  cleans  sewers. 
Scrub.     One  who  lives  meanly. 
Slammerkin.     An  untidy  woman. 
Slattern.     A  woman  of  uncleanly  habits. 
Sloven.     One  negligent  of  neatness  and  order. 
Slut.     A  disgustingly  filthy  woman. 
Sweep.     One  whose  business  is  to  clean  chimneys. 

Filth  1  ness — Verbs. 
Befoul.     To  make  offensive  with  filth. 
Begrease.     To  cover  with  grease. 


FILTHINESS — Denotations — Continued. 

Scoria.     Refuse  of  fused  metals. 

Scum.     Impure  matter  that  rises  on  the  surface  of  liquids  asinboT.  ' 

ing. 
Scurf.     Worthless  or  impure  coating  or  covering. 
Scurfiness.     Condition  of  being  scurfy. 
Sediment.     Matter  that  settles  to  the  bottom  of  a  liquid. 
Settlement.     Sediment. 

Sewage.    Waste  matter  carried  off  in  sewers. 
Sewerage.     Draining  by  sewers. 
Silt.     Fine  earthy  sediment  deposited  by  water. 
Slag.     Refuse  fused  substance  separated  in  the  reduction  of  ores. 
Slime.     A  dirty  and  adhesive  substance. 
Slop.     Waste  and  dirty  water. 
Slosh.     Soft,  sloppy  material. 

Slough.     Dead  irtssue  thrown  off  from  a  diseased  part. 
Sludge.     Muddy  refuse. 
Slush,     Soft,  sloppy  matter. 
Smoke .     A  product  of  burning. 
Smudge.     Paint-pot  scrapings  and  cleanings. 
Smut.     Blackening  made  by  soot. 
Soil.     Foul  matter. 

Soot.     A  black  substance  from  the  smoke  of  wood  or  coal. 
Sordes.     A  discharge  from  an  ulcer. 
Spawn.     The  ova  or  offspring  of  any  animai. 
Sprue.     Dross. 

Suppuration .     Act  of  generating  pus . 
Tartar.     An  incrustation  on  the  teeth. 
Vermin.     Parasitic  insects. 

Filthiness — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Corruption.     Act  of  corrupting  or  making  putrid. 

Decay.     Tendency  toward  corruption  and  rottenness. 

Dry-rot.     A  decay  of  timber. 

Leaven.     Anything  which  makes  a  general  assimilating,  especially  a 

corruption. 
Mildew.     A  growth  on  diseased  or  decaying  substances. 
Mold.     A  growth  on  damp  or  decaying  organic  matter. 
Mucor.     Mold. 

Must.     Anything  foul,  or  sour  and  fetid. 
Putrefaction.     Act  of  putrefying  or  becoming  rotten. 
Putrescence.     State  of  being  putrid  or  rotten. 
Rubigo  [L.].     Rust. 

Filthiness — Nouns  of  Place. 
Augean  stable.     A  type  of  a  very  filthy  and  never  cleaned  stable 

cleansed  by  Hercules    turning  a  river  through  it;  government 

offices  to  be  cleansed  and  occupied. 
Bog.     A  quagmire  filled  with  decayed  vegetable  matter. 
Cess.     Any  receptacle  of  filth. 
Cesspool.     A  drain  to  collect  refuse. 
Cloaca  [L.].     A  sewer. 

Cloacina.     The  purifier.      A  Roman  goddess. 
Colluvies  [L.].     A  collection  of  filth. 

Common  sewer.     A  common  place  for  the  collection  of  refuse. 
Den.     A  squalid  place  of  resort. 
Drain.     A  pipe  for  carrying  off  refuse  matter. 
Dunghill.     A  heap  of  dung. 

Dusthole.     An  opening  through  which  dust  enters. 
Jakes.     A  privy. 
Lair.     A  burial  place. 
Latrine.     A  privy. 
Laystall.     A  place  where  rubbish,  dung,  etc.,  are  deposited. 

££:?•}*«»• 

Pigsty.     A  place  where  pigs  are  kept. 

Privy.     A  backhouse. 

Rookery.     A  breeding  place  of  birds. 

Sewer.     A  drain  for  carrying  off  filth. 

Sink.     A  place  where  refuse  is  collected. 

Sink  of  corruption.     Any  place  filled  with  foul  and  decaying  matter 

Slum.     A  foul  back  street  of  a  city. 

Sough.     A  drain. 

Swamp.     A  place  filled  with  decaying  vegetable  matter. 

Filthiness — Filthy  Persons. 

Beast.     A  filthy  person. 
Dowdy.     A  slovenly  woman. 
Drab.     A  prostitute. 
Draggletail.     An  untidy  person. 

(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


CLEANNESS— FILTHINESS. 


170 


CLEAR. 


FILTHINESS— Verbs— Continued. 


Begrime.     To  soil  thickly  with  dirt. 
Bemire.     To  soil  by  passing  through  very  wet  mud. 
Beslime.     To  daub  with  soft  and  viscid  filth. 
Besmear.     To  defile  the  surface  of  with  any  viscid  substance. 
Blot.     To  make  a  dirty  spot,  or  spots  upon. 
Blur.     To  make  indistinct  by  soiling. 
Contaminate.     To  make  unclean  by  contact. 

Corrupt,  etc.     To  destroy  the  purity  of,  etc.     See  Betterment- 
Deterioration. 
Dabble.     To  dirty  a  little  by  splashing. 
Daub.     To  paint  or  smear  in  a  heedless  manner. 
Debase.     To  lessen  the  purity  of. 
Defile.     To  render  impure. 
Dirt.     To  soil  with  filth. 
Dirty.     To  make  filthy. 
Distain.     To  destroy  the  natural  color  of  with  filth. 

Dra     le* }  To  dirty  by  dragging  in  filth. 

Fester.     To  become  foul  with  matter,  as  a  sore. 
Leaven.     To  spoil  the  character  of  by  inward  working. 
Maculate.     To  impair  the  purity  of ;  to  spot. 
Mold.     To  go  bad  because  of  a  fungous  growth. 
Molder.     To  waste  away  gradually. 
Pollute.     To  render  entirely  foul. 


Putrefy.     To  become  foul  from  decay  with  a  vile  odor 

Rankle.     To  become  inflamed  and  offensive  with  gathered  matter. 

Reek.     To  give  out  foul-smelling  fumes. 

Roil.     To  render  turbid  by  stirring  up  the  sediment. 

Rot.     To  become  foul  by  decomposition. 

Slabber.     To  soil  with  some  liquid. 

Slaver.     To  let  saliva  run  from  the  mouth. 

Slobber.     To  soil  with  some  liquid. 

Slubber.     To  act  in  a  slovenly  manner. 

Smear.     To  dirty  by  spreading  something  sticky  over. 

Smirch.     To  dirty  by  rubbing  with  grime. 

Smoke.     To  give  a  dirty  appearance  to,  by  means  of  smoke. 

Smudge.     To  soil  with  dry  dirt. 

Smutch.     To  make  a  foul  stain  upon. 

Soil.     To  dirty  the  surface  of  by  contact. 

Spatter.     To  soil  by  splashing. 

Splash.     To  soil  by  dashing  water  upon. 

Spot.     To  mark  with  dirt  in  one  place  or  several. 

Stain.     To  discolor  with  foreign  matter. 

Stink,  etc.     To  have  a  filthy  smell,  etc.     See  Perfume-Stench. 

Sully.     To  darken  with  impurity. 

Taint.     To  impregnate  with  foulness. 

Tarnish.     To  destroy  the  purity  of. 


Filthiness — Verbal  Expressions, 
Become  unclean,  etc.  (see  Adjectives)*  be  unclean,  etc.;  cover  with;  to  become  foul  and  inedible,  etc.  (see  Adjectives)*,  wallow  in  the 


cover  with  dust,  etc.  (see  Nouns) ;  drabble  in  the  mud;  go  bad,  etc.. 


mire,  to  roll  about  in  filth. 


Filth  iness — A  djectives. 


Abominable.     Very  loathsome  and  filthy. 

Bad.     Foul  and  inedible. 

Beastly.     Having  foul  habits. 

Bloody.     Smeared  with  blood. 

Carious.     Having  ulcered  and  decayed  bones. 

Coarse.     Vile  in  manners. 

Corrupt.     Spoiled  by  decay. 

Crapulous,  etc.  Diseased  from  overindulgence  in  drink,  etc.  See 
Moderation-Selfindulgence. 

Dirty.     Made  foul  with  dirt. 

Dowdy.     Vulgar  looking. 

Draggletailed.      Dirty  in  personal  appearance. 

Dreggy.     Full  of  grounds. 

Dusty.     Covered  with  fine,  dry  dirt. 

Effete.     Worn  out  by  decay. 

Excrementitious.      Disgustingly  filthy,  like  excrement. 

Fecal.     Pertaining  to  animal  excrement. 

Feculent.     Foul  from  animal  excrement. 

Fetid,  etc.     Giving  out  an  evil  odor,  etc.     Seo  Perfume-Stench. 

Filthy.     Repulsively  foul. 

Flyblown.     Tainted  with  the  eggs  of  flies. 

Foul.     Offensive  to  the  senses. 

Fusty.     Rank  from  moldiness. 

Gory.     Smeared  with  thick  and  clotted  blood. 

Grimy.     Filthy  with  dry  dirt. 

Gross,  etc.  Marked  by  coarseness  and  impurity,  etc.  See  Purity- 
Impurity. 

High.     Slightly  tainted,  as  meat. 

Impetiginous.     Having  a  skin  made  unclean  by  the  running  tetter. 

Impure.     Having  lost  purity. 

Maggoty.     Infested  with  the  larvae  of  flies. 

Mildewed.     Decayed  by  the  action  of  a  kind  of  fungus. 

Moldy.     Covered  with  a  growth  of  minute  fungi. 

Moth-eaten.     Eaten  into  by  moths. 

Mucid.     Dirty  from  a  slimy  mold. 

Musty.     Having  a  rank  smell  due  to  decomposition. 

Nasty.      Nauseous  and  filthy. 

Offensive.     Exciting  a  feeling  of  displeasure. 

Peccant.     Corrupt  and  repulsive  from  disease. 

Filthiness — Adjective  Expressions. 
©one  bad,  grown  foul;  not  to  be  handled  with  kid  gloves,  dirty;  rotten  as  cheese,  rotten  with  a  powerful  stench ; rotten  as  a  pear. 


Purulent.     Filthy  from  the  formation  of  pus. 

Putrefied.     Having  a  filthy  smell  as  a  result  of  decay 

Putrescent.     Beginning  to  putrefy. 

Putrid.     In  a  state  of  decay  with  a  fetid  odor. 

Rancid.     Foul  in  smell  and  taste  from  decay. 

Reasty.     Rancid,  as  salt  meat. 

Reechy.     Reeking,  as    with    sweat  ["reechy  neck,' 

Cor.,  ii,  i ;  "reechy  kisses,"  Hamlet,  iii,  4]. 
Reeky.     Foul  from  smoke. 
Rotten.     Offensive  from  decomposition. 
Rotting,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Rusty.     Dirty  with  rust. 

Scurfy.     Dirty  from  a  scale-like  affection  of  the  skin. 
Slimy.     Dirty  with  wet  filth. 
Slovenly.     Careless  in  one's  personal  habits. 
Sluttish.     Disgustingly  filthy,  like  a  slut. 

Dirty  from  smoke. 

Stained  with  soot  or  smoke. 
Soiled  with  snuff. 

Having  the  surface  dirtied  by  contact. 
Blackened  with  soot. 

Filthy  from  extreme  poverty. 


Shakespeare, 


Smoky. 

Smutty. 

Snuffy. 

Soiled. 

Sooty. 

Squalid. 


Stercoraceous.     Dirty,  like  dung. 

Tainted.     Impregnated  with  foulness. 

Thick.     Dirty  and  muddy,  as  water. 

Touched.     Slightly  affected  with  decay. 

Turbid.     Dirty  from  having  the  sediment  stirred  up. 

Unclean. 

Uncleanly. 

Uncombed. 

Unkempt. 

Unpurified. 

Unscoured. 

Unstrained. 

Unswept. 

Untidy. 

Unwashed. 

Unwiped. 


See  Cleanness, 


cleanse.    To  clean.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

clear.  Pure;  plain;  unmixed;  free  from  fault;  indis- 
putable. Certainty-Doubt,  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness, Clearness-Obscurity,  Diaphaneity-Opaque- 
ness, Difficulty-Facility,  Exculpation-Convic- 
tion, Gain-Loss,  Innocence-Guilt,  Justification- 
Charge,      Light-Darkness,      Manifestation-La- 


tency, Melody-Dissonance,  Mixture-Homoge- 
neity, Release-Restraint,  Settlement-Default, 
Visibility-Invisibility;  clear  articulation,  Vocal- 
ization-Muteness; clear  conscience,  Innocence- 
Guilt;  clear  for  action,  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion;  clear  of,  Remoteness-Nearness;  clear  off, 
Admission-Expulsion,  Settlement-Default;  clear 


CLEAR. 


171 


CLEARNESS— OBSCURITY. 


out,  Admission-Expulsion,  Cleanness-Filthiness; 
clear-sighted,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Sight-Blind- 
ness; clear  sky,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  clear 
stage,  Difficulty-Facility,  Opportuneness-Un- 
suitableness,  Right-Wrong  ;  clear  the  course, 
Transmission  ;  clear  the  ground,  Difficulty-Fa- 
cility ;  clear  the  throat,  Admission-Expulsion  ;  clear 
up,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Interpretation-Mis- 
interpretation, Light-Darkness;  coast  clear, 
Security-Insecurity;  get  clear  off,  Escape;  keep 


of,      Quest-Evasion, 
The    act    of   removing 


Remoteness-Near- 
Admission-Ex- 


clear 

NESS. 

clear'-age. 

PULSION. 

clear'-ance.  Clearage.  Admission-Expulsion,  Ex- 
culpation-Conviction, Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration,  Settlement-Default. 

clear/-head"-ed.    Sagacious.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

clear'-ness.  State  of  being  clear.  Clearness-Ob- 
scurity, Vocalization-Muteness. 


CLEARNESS— OBSCURITY. 


Clearness,  The  quality  or  state  of  being  clear,  intelligible,  or  dis- 
tinct. 

Explicitness,  etc.     Clearness;  directness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Intelligibility.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  intelligible;  perspicuity; 
definiteness. 

Legibility.     The  quality  of  being  legible ;  legibleness. 

Lucidity.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  clear  or  lucid. 

Perspicuity.     Clearness  of  expression  or  thought. 

Phonanta  syneioisi  [Gr.].     A  word  to  the  wise. 

Plain  speaking,  etc.     See  Manifestation. 

Precision,  etc.     Exactness;  accuracy;  definiteness,  etc.     See  Truth. 

Clearness —  Verbs. 
Catch.     Apprehend  or  perceive  clearly. 

Collect.     Gain  by  information  or  observation;  gather  from* premises. 
Comprehend.     Take  into  the  mind ;  understand  clearly  and  fully. 
Elucidate,  etc.    Throw  light  upon;  clear  up,  etc.    See  Interpreta- 
tion. 
Follow.     Keep  up  with;  keep  the  thread  of ,  as  in  thought. 
Grasp.     Seize  intellectually;  comprehend. 
Master.     Comprehend  in  all  its  details. 

Popularize.     Make  clear  and  acceptable  to  the  common  people. 
Simplify.     Make  clear  by  plainer  statement. 
Take.     To  receive  in  thought. 
Understand.     To  have  the  right  idea  of. 

Clearness — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  intelligible,  etc.  (see  Adjectives') ;  clear  up;  come  to  an  understand- 
ing; enter  into  the  ideas  of,  understand;  lie  on  the  surface,  to  be 
clearly  evident;  make  out,  to  find  out;  render  intelligible,  etc.  (see 
Adjectives);  see  daylight,  understand  clearly;  see  one's  way;  see 
with  half  an  eye,  understand  without  any  difficulty;  speak  for 
itself,  require  no  explanation;  speak  volumes,  express  much  and 
clearly  in  few  words;  take  in,  comprehend;  tell  its  own  tale,  speak 
for  itself. 

Clearness — Adjectives. 

Clear.     Distinct;  intelligible. 

Definite,  etc.     Clear  and  known  with  exactness,  etc.     See  Truth. 

Distinct.     Easily  understood;  clear  to  the  mind. 

Explicit.     Plainly  expressed. 

Expressive,  etc.     Full  of  meaning,  etc.     See  Meaning. 

Graphic.     Describing  with  pictorial  effect. 

Illustrative,  etc.  Designed  to  .make  clear  by  means  of  figures,  com- 
parisons, etc.     See  Interpretation. 

Intelligible.     Capable  of  being  understood ;  clear. 

Legible.     That  may  be  read. 

Lucid.     Intellectually  clear. 

Luminous.     Light -bearing,  radiant,  clear. 

Obvious,  etc.     Immediately  evident,  etc.    See  Manifestation. 

Perspicuous.     Translucent;  clear;  luvid. 

Plain.     That  may  be  readily  seen  or    nderstood. 

Popularized.     Made  clear  and  accep.  ible  to  the  common  people. 

Positive.     Openly  and  plainly  expressed;  explicit. 

Recognizable.     Capable  of  being  recognized. 

Transparent.     Easy  to  see  through  or  understand. 

Transpicuous.     Transparent. 

Unambiguous.     Not  ambiguous;  clear;  perspicuous. 

Unconfused.     Not  confused;  distinct. 

Unequivo:al.     Unambiguous;  certain. 

Unmistakable,  etc.     Clear;  plain;  obvious;  etc.     See  Manifestation. 

Clearness — Adjective  Expressions. 
Clear  as  day;  clear  as  noonday;    asily  understood;  easy  to  understand; 
for  the  million;  intelligible  to  the  meanest  capacity,  clear  to  one  of 
the  poorest  intellectual  powers. 

Clearness — Adverbial  Expressions. 
In  plain  English. "| 
In  plain  terms.     > Clearly. 
In  plain  words.    ) 


Ambiguity,  etc.     Lack  of  grammatical  sense,  etc.     See  Ambiguity. 

Doubtful  meaning.     Capable  of  more  than  one  interpretation. 

Imperspicuity.     Lack  of  clearness  of  expression  of  thought. 

Incomprehensibility.  The  quality  of  being  impossible  to  be  fully 
understood. 

Inconceivableness.     Quality  of  being  unimaginable. 

Latency,  etc.  State  of  being  undeveloped,  etc.  See  Manifesta 
tion-Latency. 

Mystification,  etc.  Act  of  making  obscure,  etc.  See  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy. 

Obscuram  per  obscurius  rL.].  Explaining  of  an  obscure  thing  by 
something  more  obscure. 

Obscurity.  Quality  of  being  not  easily  understood:  used  in  reference 
to  subject-matter. 

Perplexity,  etc.  Inability  to  fix  an  opinion,  etc.  See  Regularity- 
Irregularity. 

Spinosity.     State  of  being  full  of  difficulties  or  thorns. 

Transcendentalism.  Obscure  speculation;  climbing  higher  than  the 
evidence  of  the  senses. 

Uncertainty,  etc.  The  quality  of  not  being  certain,  etc.  See  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt. 

Unintelligibility.     Quality  of  not  being  easily  understood. 

Vagueness,  etc.     Lack  of  definiteness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Obscurity — Denotations. 

Dignus  vindice  nodus  [L.J.     A  knot  worthy  to  be  loosened. 

Freemasonry.     The  institutions  and  practises  of  a  secret  association. 

Jargon,  etc.     See  Meaning-Jargon. 

Paradox.     That  which  seems  absurd  but  may  be  true  in  fact. 

Riddle,  etc.     See  Tidings-Mystery. 

Sealed  book.     Anything  which  is  unknown  or  kept  secret. 

Steganography.     Art  of  writing  in  characters  which  are  not  intelligt 

ble  except  to  persons  who  have  the  key;  cryptography;  cipher 

writing. 

Obscurity — Figurative  Nouns. 

Asses'  bridge.     The  fifth  proposition  of  the  first  book  of  Euclid. 

Greek.  ) 

Hebrew.         >  Something  unintelligible  to  the  ignorant. 

High  Dutch.) 

Pons  asinorum  [L.].     The  asses*  bridge. 

Obscurity — Verbs. 

Bemuddle.     To  confuse. 

Conceal,  etc.    To  hide,  etc.     See  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

Confuse,  etc.  To  perplex  the  mind,  etc.  See  Organization-Dis- 
organization. 

Darken,  etc.     To  render  unintelligible.     See  Light-Darkness. 

Lose.     Fail  to  keep. 

Miss.     Fail  to  perceive  or  learn. 

Perplex,  etc.  To  make  difficult  to  form  an  opinion,  etc.  See  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt. 

Wonder,  etc.     Feel  doubt  and  curiosity,  etc.    See  Astonishment. 

Obscurity — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  able  to  make  nothing  of;  be  at  sea,  etc.,  be  confused,  etc.  (see 
Doubt);  be  unintelligible,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  give  it  up,  cease  from 
effort  to  understand  it;  have  a  doubtful  meaning,  be  uncertain, 
be  obscure;  lose  the  clue,  be  confused,  be  unable  to  follow;  not  be 
able  to  account  for;  not  be  able  to  make  either  head  or  tail  of,  be 
unable  to  find  anything  distinct  or  definite  about ;  not  know  what  to 
make  of;  not  understand,  etc.  (see  Clearness)  ;  not  understand  ont 
another;  pass  comprehension,  be  incomprehensible;  play  at  cross 
purposes,  etc.,  misunderstand  or  act  counter  to  one  another  with- 
out intending  it,  etc.  (see  Interpretation-Misinterpretat  oh)' 
render  unintelligible,  etc.  (sec  Adjectives);  require  explanation,  etc 
(see  Interpretation);  see  through  a  glass  darkly  [Bible],  etc.  (set 
Knowledge-Ignorance). 


CLEARNESS. 


172 


CLINKER. 


CLEARNESS— OBSCURITY— Continued. 


Clearness — Phrases. 
A  word  to  the  wise. 

He  that  runs  may  read,  etc.     It  is  so  simple  as  to  be  intelligible  to  any- 
body, etc.    See  Manifestation. 
Id  est  [L.J.     That  is  it. 


OBSCURITY — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Paradoxical.     Seemingly  contradictory. 

Perplexed,  etc.  Confused;  of  a  complicated  character,  etc.  See 
Regularity-Irregularity. 

Puzzling.     Bewildering;  perplexing. 

Recondite.     Secret;  hidden  from  the  mental  view. 

Searchless.     Inscrutable;  impenetrable. 

Transcendental.  Vaguely  and  ambitiously  extravagant  in  specula- 
tion, imagery,  or  diction. 

Unaccountable.     Inexplicable;  strange. 

TJnconceived.     Not  understood. 

Undeciphered.     Undiscovered. 

Undefinable.  Not  capable  of  being  made  clear  or  of  being  defined  by 
a  definition. 

Undetermined.     Not  defined;  indeterminate. 

Undiscernible,  etc.  Not  to  be  seen  through;  obscure,  etc.  See  Visi- 
bility-Invisibility. 

Undiscoverable.     That  cannot  be  discovered  or  found  out. 

Unexplained.     Not  explained. 

Unfathomable.     Incapable  of  being  fathomed  or  sounded. 

Unintelligible.     Not  intelligible;  not  capable  of  being  understood. 

Unknowable.     Incapable  of  being  known. 

Vague.     Hazy;  uncertain;  doubtful. 

Obscurity — Adjective  Expressions. 

Above  comprehension;  as  Greek  to  one,  unintelligible;  beyond  com- 
prehension; beyond  one's  depth,  too  profound  for  one;  clear  as  mud, 
not  clear;  past  comprehension;  seen  through  a  mist,  obscure; 
shrouded  in  mystery, 

clear'-ob-scure".    Chiaroscuro.     Light-Darkness. 

cleav'-age.  A  split.  Geology,  Texture,  Union- 
Disunion. 

cleave.  To  split;  to  remain  fast.  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness, Doubling-Halving,  Union-Disunion. 

cleav'-er.     A  sharp  chopper.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

clef.     A  musical  character.     Melody-Dissonance. 

cleft.  Divided;  crevice.  Doubling-Halving,  Inter- 
space-Contact; in  a  cleft  stick,  Difficulty-Fa- 
cility. 

clem.     To  starve.     Fasting-Gluttony. 

clem'-en-cy.  Mercy.  Compassion  -Ruthlessness, 
Harshness-Mildness. 

clem'-ent.  Mild;  lenient.  Compassion-Ruthlessness, 
Excitability  -  Inexcitability,  Harshness  -  Mild- 
ness. 

clench.  To  grasp  firmly.  Contract,  Keeping-Re- 
linquishment,  Taking-Restitution. 

clepe.    To  name.     Name-Misnomer. 

clep'-sy-dra.  A  water  clock.  Chronology-Anach- 
ronism. 

clere'-sto"-ry.  An  elevated  story  of  a  church.  Con- 
tents-Receiver. 

cler'-gy.     The  ministry.     Ministry-Laity. 

cler'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  the  clergy.  Church;  clerical 
error,  Truth-Error. 

cler'-ic-al-ism.  Control  of  education,  charities,  etc.,  by 
the  clergy.     Church. 

cler'-ic-als.     The  clergy.     Ministry-Laity. 

clerk.  A  secretary;  a  salesman;  a  clergyman;  a  learned 
person.  Antagonist-Assistant,  Chief-Underling, 
Consignee,  Ministry-Laity,  I  ^jrder,  Scholar- 
Dunce,  Writing-Printin.-  ;  articled  clerk,  Instruc- 
tor-Pupil; clerk  of  work,  Man/  >er. 

clerk'-ship.  The  position  of  a  clerk.  Commission- 
Abrogation. 

cle'-ro-man"-cy.  Divination  with  dice  or  beans. 
Prophecy. 


Obscurity — Adjectives. 
Abstruse.     Hard  to  be  understood. 
Ambiguous.     Having  a  double  meaning. 
Crabbed.     Obscure;  perplexing. 
Dark.     Obscure;  mysterious;  hidden. 
Dim.     Indistinct;  obscure. 


Enigmatical./  0bscure:  Piling. 

Hidden,  etc.    Concealed;  secret,  etc.    See  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 

Illegible.     Incapable  of  being  read. 

Impenetrable.     Abstruse. 

Inapprehensible.     Unintelligible;  inconceivable. 

Incognizable.  Incapable  of  being  recognized,  known,  or  distin. 
guished. 

Incommunicable.     Incapable  of  being  communicated. 

Incomprehensible.     Ntc:    able  of  being  understood. 

Inconceivable.     Incapable  &  being  conceived  by  the  mind. 

Inconceptible.     Inconceivable. 

Indefinite,  etc.  Not  explicit;  uncertain,  etc.  See  Visibility-In- 
visibility. 

Inexplicable.     Not  explainable. 

Inexpressible.     Not  capable  of  expression  in  language ;  indescribable. 

Inscrutable.     Unsearchable;  obscure. 

Insoluble.     Not  to  be  solved  or  explained;  inexplicable. 

Insolvable.     Insoluble. 

Latent,  etc.     Hidden;  invisible,  etc.     See  Manifestation-Latency. 

Loose.     Vague;  rambling. 

Misty,  etc.  Lacking  clearness;  obscure,  etc.  See  Djaphansity- 
Opaqueness. 

Muddy.     Confused ;  cloudy  in  mind ;  vague. 

Mysterious.     Involved  in  mystery;  obscure. 

M    t'     1  J  Secret;  dark;  betokening  a  hidden  meaning. 

Nebulous.     Cloudy;  misty;  obscure. 
Obscure.     Abstruse;  indistinct. 
Occult.     Hidden;  mysterious. 

(Continued  on  Column  t .) 

clev'-er.  Gifted;  adroit.  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness;  too  clever  by  half,  Craft-Artless- 
ness. 

clev'-er-ness.    Skilfulness.    Skill-Unskilfulness. 

clew.  Something  that  leads  to  a  solution;  to  coil 
into  a  ball.  Interpretation-Misinterpretation, 
Roundness,  Sign;  seek  a  clew,  Investigation- 
Answer. 

click.     A  short,  sharp  sound.     Crash-Drumming. 

cli'-ent.  Dependent;  a  buyer.  Buying-Sale,  Chief- 
Underling. 

cli'-ent-ship.  The  position  of  a  client.  Liberty- 
Subjection. 

cliff.  A  steep  slope.  Erectness-Flatness,  Height- 
Lowness,  Parallelism-Inclination. 

cli-mac'-ter-ic.  Relating  to  critical  periods.  Infancy- 
Age. 

cli'-mate.  Atmosphere;  region.  Extension-District, 
Water-Air;  fine  climate,  Healthiness-Unhealthi- 

NESS. 

cli"-ma-tol'-o-gy.     Science  of  climate.     Water-Air. 

cli'-max.  Culmination.  Rhetoric,  Supremacy-Sub- 
ordinacy,  Top-Bottom. 

climb.     To  ascend.     Ascent-Descent. 

clime.     Region.     Extension-District. 

cli'-nal.     Inclining.     Parallelism-Inclination. 

clinch.  To  secure  firmly;  to  seize;  a  decisive  argument. 
Aperture-Closure,  Certainty-Doubt,  Comple- 
tion-Noncompletion,  Keeping-Relinquish  ment, 
Taking-Restitution,  Union-Disunion,  Word- 
Neology;  clinch  an  argument,  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness; clinch  the  fist  at,  Charitableness-Menace. 

cling.  To  hold  on  to  anything  firmly;  to  hold  to  an 
opinion.  Cohesion-Looseness,  Persistence-Whim. 

clink.  A  short,  ringing  sound.  Cacophony,  Reso- 
nance-Nonresonance. 

clink'-er.  A  elencher;  a  burnt  mass.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Heating-Cooling. 


CLINOMETER. 


173 


CLUMP. 


cli-nom'-e-ter.  A  measuring  instrument.  Angu- 
larity, Parallelism-Inclination. 

clin'-quant.  Tinseled.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment, Taste- Vulgarity. 

Cli'-o.     A  muse.     Account. 

clip.  To  cut  off.  Length-Shortness;  clip  one's 
words,  Speech-Inarticulateness;  clip  the  wing, 
Leave-Prohibition,  Might-Impotence,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help, Swiftness-Slowness,  Usefulness- 
Uselessness. 

clip'-per.     A  swift  vessel.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

clip'-ping.     That  clipped  off.     Whole-Part. 

clique.     A  clannish  set.     Association,  Council. 

clo-a'-ca.  A  sewer.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Water- 
course-Airpipe. 

cloacina  [L.]  (clo-u-sai'-na) .  The  purifier.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness. 

cloak.  An  outer  garment;  a  pretext.  Dress-Undress, 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Exposure-Hidingplace. 

clock.  A  timepiece.  Chronology-Anachronism; 
clock-work,  Instrument. 

clod.  A  mass  of  earth ;  a  dull  fellow.  Adept-Bungler, 
Greatness-Littleness,  Obstruction-Help.Ocean- 
Land,  Sage-Fool. 

clod'-hop"-per.     A  rustic.     Gentility-Democracy. 

clod'-pate".     Blockhead.     Sage-Fool. 

clod'-pa"-ted.      Being  stupid.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

clod'-poll.     Blockhead.     Sage-Fool. 

clog.  A  shoe;  an  impediment.  Dress-Undress, 
Obstruction-Help. 

clois'-ter.    A  monastery.    Fane,  Release-Restraint. 

clois'-tered.     Living  in  a  cloister.     Fane. 

close.  The  end;  near  together;  to  terminate;  land 
enclosed;  not  open  or  free;  stingy;  stifling;  nearly 
alike;  near;  compact;  with  lips  closed;  terse.  Aper- 
ture-Closure, Beginning-End,  Breadth-Narrow- 
ness, Completion  -  Noncompletion,  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Extension- 
District,  Extravagance-Avarice,  Heat-Cold, 
Likeness-  Unlikeness,  Remoteness -Nearness, 
Solidity- Rarity,  Talkativeness -Taciturnity, 
Terseness-Prolixity,  Union-Disunion;  close  at 
hand,  Future-Past,  Occurrence-Destiny,  Re- 
moteness-Nearness; close  inquiry,  Investigation- 
Answer;  close  in  upon,  Concentration-Radiation; 
close  one's  eyes  to,  Heed-Disregard,  Observance- 
Nonobservance;  close  one's  ranks,  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation;  close  prisoner,  Guard-Prisoner; 
close  quarters,  Approach-Withdrawal,  Attack- 
Defense,  Observance-Nonobservance,  Remote- 
ness-Nearness; close  study,  Heed-Disregard,  Re- 
flection-Vacancy; close  the  eyes,  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Life-Death,  Sight-Blindness;  close  with, 
Assent-Dissent,  Attack- Defense,  Cohesion  - 
Looseness,  Concentration-Radiation,  Consent, 
Interspace-Contact,  Strife-Peace;  closely  packed, 
Gathering-Scattering;  examined  closely  by,  Heed- 
Disregard;  keep  close  with,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Keeping-Relinquishment;  tread  close 
upon,  Leading-Following. 

closed.     Shut.     Aperture-Closure. 

close'-ness.  Tightness;  secrecy.  Breadth-Narrow- 
ness, Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

clos'-et.  A  small  side-room.  Contents-Receiver, 
Exposure-Hidingplace. 

clos'-et-ed  with.  In  session  with.  Advice,  Conversa- 
tion-Monologue. 

close'-tongued".  Secretive.  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity. 

elo'-sure.    A  shutting  up.    Aperture-Closure. 

clot.  A  thick,  viscid  mass.  Ocean-Land,  Solidity- 
Rarity. 

cloth.  A  woven  fabric ;  the  clergy.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness, Ministry-Laity,  Occupation. 


clothe.     To  dress.     Dress-Undress. 

clothes.     Articles   of  wear.      Dress-Undress;   grave- 

clothes,  Life-Funeral. 
clothes'-horse".     A  frame  to  hang  clothes  on.     Sus- 
pension-Support. 
clothes'-press".     A   wardrobe.     Contents-Receiver. 
cloth'-ier.        One     who     sells     clothes.        Dress-Un- 
dress. 
cloth'-ing.       Garments.       Cover-Lining,     Dress-Un- 
dress, Heating-Cooling. 
clot'-pate.     Blockhead.     Sage-Fool. 
clot'-poll.     A  blockhead.     Sage-Fool. 
clot'-ted.    Full  of  clots.    Viscidity-Foam. 
cloud.     Vapor;  whatever  confuses;  a  mass.     Diapha- 
neity-Opaqueness,   Dimness,    Exposure-Hiding- 
place, Gathering-Scattering,  Liquid-Gas,  Lumi- 
nary-Shade,    Multiplicity-Paucity,     Viscidity- 
Foam,   Water-Air,   Welfare-Misfortune;   break 
through  the  cloud,  Visibility-Invisibility;  cloud- 
capped,  Height-Lowness;  cloud  of  dust,  Friability; 
cloud  of  skirmishers,  Belligerent;  cloud  of  smoke, 
Viscidity-Foam;  cloud  of  words,  Terseness-Pro- 
lixity;   clouds    gathering,    Light-Darkness,    Se- 
curity-Insecurity,  Warning;   clouded,   Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy,    Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness,  Variegation,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune;   clouded    perception,    Sagacity- 
Incapacity;  drop  from  the  clouds,   Expectation- 
Surprise;  in  a  cloud,  Certainty-Doubt,  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy;   in    the    clouds,    Fancy,    Heed- 
Disregard,  Height-Lowness;  under  a  cloud,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval. Justification-Charge,  Rep- 
utation-Discredit,    Sociability-Privacy,    Wel- 
fare-Misfortune. 

cloud'-i-ness.     Obscurity.     Viscidity-Foam. 

cloud'-land".     Fancy-land.     Fancy. 

cloud'-less.  Clear;  without  trouble.  Light-Darkness, 
Pleasure-Pain,  Viscidity-Foam. 

cloud'-topped".     Lofty.     Height-Lowness. 

cloud'-touch"-ing.     Lofty.     Height-Lowness. 

cloud-y.  Obscure;  vague.  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness, 
Dimness. 

clough.     A  sluice.     Height-Lowness. 

clo'-ven.     Parted.     Doubling-Halving. 

clo'-venfoot.  Satan.  Angel-Satan,  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Virtue-Vice;  see  the  cloven  foot, 
Discovery;  show  the  cloven  foot,  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

clo'-ver.     A  plant.     Sensuality-Suffering. 

clown.  A  buffoon.  Acting,  Gentility-Democracy, 
Taste-Vulgarity,  Wag. 

clown'-ish.  Coarse.  Gentility-Democracy,  Taste- 
Vulgarity. 

cloy.    To  satiate.    Excess-Lack,  Repletion. 

club.  A  weapon;  a  social  organization.  Association, 
Dweller-Habitation,  Gatheringplace,  Presi- 
dent-Member; Sociability-Privacy,  Weapon;  club 
law,  Coercion,  Law-Lawlessness,  club  together, 
Antagonism-Concurrence,  Association,  Socia- 
bility-Privacy. 

club'-ba-ble.     Sociable.     Sociability-Privacy. 

club'-bism.  Association  in  clubs.  Sociability-Pri- 
vacy. 

club'-foot"-ed.  Having  a  distorted  foot.  Proportion- 
Deformity. 

club'-house".  A  house  occupied  by  a  club.  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

cluck.     The  call  of  a  hen.     Cry-Ululation. 

clue.  Spelling  of  the  figurative  senses  of  Clew.  In- 
vestigation-Answer, Sign;  seek  a  clue,  Investiga- 
tion-Answer. 

clump.  A  compact  group.  Convexity-Concavity, 
Gathering-Scattering;  clump  of  trees,  Fauna- 
Flora. 


CLUMSY. 


174 


CODICIL. 


clum'-sy.  Lacking  ease.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Pro- 
priety-Impropriety, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

Clu'-ri-chaune.  A  fairy  fabled  to  help  housewives. 
Jove-Fiend. 

cliis'-ter.    A  group  or  bunch.    Gathering-Scattering. 

clus'-tered  col'-umn.  Union  of  columns.  Architec- 
ture. 

clutch.  To  seize  eagerly.  Keeping-Relinquishment, 
Taking-Restitution. 

clutch'-es.  Tight  grip.  Keeping-Relinquishment, 
Rule-License;  in  the  clutches  of,  Liberty-Sub- 
jection. 

clut'-ter.    To  clatter.     Crash-Drumming. 

co"-a-cer-va'-tion.  A  gathering.  Gathering-Scat- 
tering. / 

coach.  A  vehicle;  an  instructor.  Conveyance- 
Vessel,  Education-Misteaching,  Instructor- 
Pupil;  coach  painter,  Artist;  coach  road,  Way; 
coach  up,  Education-Learning;  drive  a  coach  and 
six  through,  Law-Lawlessness. 

coach'-house".  Place  for  a  coach.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

coach'-man".  A  driver.  Manager,  Wayfarer-Sea- 
farer. 

co"-ac'-tion.     Joint  action.     Coercion. 

co"-ac'-tive.     Acting  together.     Coercion. 

co-ad'-ju-tan-cy.  Cooperation.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Obstruction-Help. 

co-ad'-ju-tant.  Cooperating.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence. 

co"-ad-ju'-tor.    An  assistant.    Antagonist-Assistant. 

co"-ad-ju'-trix.  Female  assistant.  Antagonist-As- 
sistant. 

co-ad'-ju-van-cy.  Cooperation.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence. 

co-a'-gen-cy.  Coworking.  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Cooperation-Opposition. 

cc-ag'-u-late.  To  curdle.  Chemistry,  Solidity- 
Rarity. 

co-ag"-u-la'-tion.  A  curdling.  Solidity-Rarity;  co- 
agulation niters,  Chemistry. 

co-ag'-u-lum.     A  clot.     Solidity-Rarity. 

coal.  A  combustible  material.  Combustible,  White- 
ness-Blackness; call  over  the  coals,  Approval- 
Disapproval;  carry  coals,  Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness;  carry  coals  to  Newcastle,  Excess-Lack,  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness;  coal  black,  Whiteness- 
Blackness. 

co"-a-lesce'.  To  fuse.  Composition-Resolution, 
Sameness-Contrast. 

co"-a-les'-cence.    Union.    Sameness-Contrast. 

co"-a-les'-cent.     United.     Sameness-Contrast. 

co"-a-les'-cing.     Uniting.     Sameness-Contrast. 

coal'-heav"-er.  One  who  loads  coal.  Work  like  a 
coal-heaver,    Toil-Relaxation. 

co"-a-li'-tion.  A  combination.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Association. 

co"-ap-ta'-tion.    Adjustment.     Harmony-Discord. 

co-arc'-tate.     To  crowd.     Enlargement-Diminution. 

co"-arc-ta'-tion.  Stricture.  Breadth-Narrowness, 
Enlargement-Diminution,  Increase-Decrease, 
Obstruction-Help,  Release-Restraint. 

coarse.  Indelicate;  crude;  vulgar;  harsh  in  sound. 
Cacophony,  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Preparation- 

NONPREPARATION,      PuRITY-lMPURITY,      TaSTE-VuL- 
GARITY. 

coarse' -grained".    Made  of  coarse  particles.    Texture. 

coarse'-ness.  The  state  of  being  coarse.  Taste-Vul- 
garity. 

coast.  The  seashore;  to  sail  along.  Border,  Ocean- 
Land,  Traveling-Navigation. 

coast' -guard".    Customs  agents.    Guard-Prisoner. 

coast'-ing.     Sailing.     Traveling-Sailing. 

coat.     A  garment;  an  outside  layer.     Cover-Lining, 


Dress-Undress,  Lamina-Fiber;  coat  of  arms,  Sign; 
coat  of  mail,  Attack-Defense;  cut  coat  according 
to  cloth,  Generosity-Frugality,  Recklessness- 
Caution,     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

coat'-ing.  Covering.  Cover-Lining,  inner  coating, 
Cover-Lining. 

coax.  To  beg;  to  soothe.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Blandishment,  Motive-Caprice. 

cob.  A  short-legged  horse;  to  beat  on  the  buttocks. 
Conveyer,  Recompense-Punition. 

co'-balt.  A  steel-gray  element.  Blueness-Orange, 
Chemistry. 

cob'-ble.     To  repair.     Renovation-Relapse. 

cob'-bler.  One  who  cobbles.  Dress-Undress,  Reno- 
vation-Relapse. 

cob'-le.     A  fishing-boat.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

co'-bra.  A  venomous  snake.  Benefactor -Evil- 
doer. 

cob'-web".  A  network  of  fine  threads;  a  snare;  any- 
thing flimsy.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Conse- 
quence -  Insignificance,  Heaviness  -  Lightness, 
Truthfulness-Fraud;  cobweb  of  antiquity,  Nov. 
elty-Antiquity;  cobwebs  of  sophistry,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Casuistry. 

coch'-i-neal.     A  dyestuff.     Redness-Greenness. 

cock.  A  male  domestic  fowl.  Fauna-Flora,  Male- 
Female;  cock  and  bull  story,  Truthfulness-Fabri- 
cation; cock  boat,  Conveyance-Vessel;  cock  of  the 
roost,  Chief-Underling,  Goodness-Badness;  cock 
the  eye,  Sight-Blindness;  cock  up,  Convexity- 
Concavity,  Erectness-Flatness  ;  game  cock, 
Bravery-Cowardice. 

cock-ade'.     A  knot  of  ribbon.     Sign,  Title. 

cock'-a-hoop".  Elated;  on  a  high  horse.  Bragging, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

cock'-a-trice.  A  serpent.  Benefactor-Evildoer, 
Conventionality-Unconventionality,  Good  Man- 
Bad  Man,  Gull-Deceiver,  Sight-Blindness. 

cock'-crow".     Early  morn.     Morning-Evening. 

cock'-er.  To  coddle;  to  fold  up.  Blandishment, 
Plicature. 

Cock'-er.  English  teacher.  School;  according  to 
Cocker,  Conventionality-Unconventionality. 

cock'-le.  To  wrinkle;  wheedle.  Blandishment, 
Plicature  ;  cockles  of  one's  heart,  Affections. 

cock'-le-shell".    A  small  boat.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

cock'-loft".    A  high  loft.    Contents-Receiver. 

cock'-ney.  A  foolish  person;  a  low-bred  person.  City, 
Gentility-Democracy. 

cock'-pit.  A  ring;  a  place  for  wounded.  Contents- 
Receiver,  Council,  Lists. 

cock'-shut.     Twilight.     Dimness. 

cock'-spar"-row.  Male  sparrow.  Greatness-Little- 
ness. 

cock'-sure.     Quite  certain.     Faith-Misgiving. 

cock'-swain.  Same  as  coxswain.  Wayfarer-Sea- 
farer. 

cock'-tail".  An  iced  drink  made  of  spirits.  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion. 

co'-coa.     A  beverage  or  food.    Nutriment-Excretion. 

co-coon'.  A  case  spun  by  the  silk- worm  before  leaving 
its  larva  state.     Infant-Veteran. 

cocotte  [F.]  (co-cot') .     A  lewd  woman.     Purity- Rake. 

coc'-tlon.     A  boiling.     Heating-Cooling. 

Co-cy'-tus.     A  river  of  Hades.     Heaven-Hell. 

cod.     Apod.     Cover-Lining. 

cod'-dle.  To  pamper.  Blandishment;  coddle  one- 
self, Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

code.  A  system  of  rules  of  conduct.  Law-Lawless- 
ness, Precept. 

co'-dex.    A  manuscript.    Missive-Publication. 

code'-er.    A  miserly  man.    Extravagance-Avarice. 

cod-i-cil.  A  supplement.  Predecessor-Continu- 
ation, Security. 


CODIFICATION. 


175 


COEXISTENCE. 


ccd"-i-fi-ca'-tion.    Collection.    Law-Lawlessness. 

cod'-i-fy.    To  systematize.     Law-Lawlessness. 

cod'-ling.     A  young  cod.     Infant-Veteran. 

coe'-cum.     Same  as  caecum.     Aperture-Closure. 

co"-ef-fi'-cien-cy.  Cooperation.  Antagonism-Con- 
currence, Solitude-Company. 

co"-ef-fi'-cient.  Acting  together;  a  mathematical 
term.  ^Antagonism-Concurrence,  Number,  Soli- 
tude-Company. 

Coe'-lebs.  A  bachelor  desirous  of  marrying  [Han- 
nah More's  Calebs  in  Search  of  a  Wife],  Matrimony- 
Celibacy. 

co-emp'-tion.     A  buying.     Buying-Sale. 

co"-e'-qual.     Of  same  rank.     Equality-Inequality. 

co-erce  .  To  compel.  Coercion,  Harshness-Mild- 
ness, Release-Restraint. 

co-er'-cion.  Constraint.  Coercion,  Harshness-Mild- 
ness, Release-Restraint. 

COERCION. 

Argumentum  baculinutn  [L.].     Appeal  to  force ;  club  law. 

Brute  force.     Physical  force. 

Club  law.     Lynch  law;  anarchy. 

Coaction.     An  impelling  force. 

Coercion.     Act  of  compelling  by  authority  and  power. 

Compulsion.     The  act  of  restraining  the  will  or  action  of  another. 

Conscription.     A  compulsory  enrolment  of  men  for  military  or  naval 

service. 
Constraint.     Any  power,  moral  or  physical,  that  compels  to  do  or 

prevents  the  doing  of  some  act. 
Duress.     Pressure;  restraint  of  liberty. 
Enforcement.     Compulsion  to  yield  obedience. 
Force.     Power;  constraint. 
Force  majeure  [F.].      Superior  force. 
Hobson's  choice.     A  choice  without  an  alternative. 
Le  droit  du  plus  fort  [F.].     The  right  of  superior  strength. 
Main  force.     Violent  effort. 

Martial  law.     A  law  instituted  for  the  carrying  on  of  war. 
Necessity,  etc.     See  Volition-Obligation. 
Physical  force.     Sheer  bodily  strength. 
Press.     Force;  compulsion. 
Restraint,  etc.     See  Release-Restraint. 
The  sword.     The  force  of  weapons. 
Ultima  ratio  [L.].     The  last  argument. 

Coercion — Verbs. 
Bind.     To  restrain. 

Coerce.     To  dominate  by  advantage  and  authority. 
Compel.     To  force  to  yield. 
Constrain.     Influence  to  do  or  not  to  do. 
Drag  into.     To  induce  unwillingly. 
Dragoon.     To  compel  submission  by  violent  measures. 
Drive.     To  compel  to  move  on. 
Enforce.     To  constrain. 
Extort.     To  wring  from  by  force. 
Force.     To  compel  to  do. 
Insist  upon.     To  demand  authoritatively. 
Make.     To  force  to  comply. 

Necessitate.     To  make  unavoidable,  indispensable.  ■ 
Oblige.     To  be  duty  bound. 
Press.     Coerce;  compel. 
Require.     Demand. 

Restrain,  etc.     See  Release-Restraint. 
Tax.     To  burden. 

Coercion — Verbal  Expressions. 

Bind  over,  to  put  under  bonds  to  do  something;  cram  down  the  throat; 
drag  into;  force  down  the  throat;  force  upon,  to  cause  to  accept; 
insist  upon;  make  a  point  of,  to  attach  special  importance  to;  pin 
down,  to  hold  in  subjection ;  put  down,  force  to  give  in  ;  put  in  force ; 
put  on  the  screw;  say  it  must  be  done;  take  no  denial,  to  allow  no 
refusal;  thrust  down  the  throat;  tie  down,  to  enslave;  turn  on  the 
screw,  to  force  obedience ;  wring  from,  to  extort. 

Coercion — Adjectives. 

Coactive.     Restrictive;  constraining. 
Coercive.     Intended  to  coerce. 
Compelled,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Compelling,  etc.     See  Verbs. 


Compulsory.     By  force  or  constraint. 
Compulsatory.     Operating  with  force. 
Forcible.     Powerful;  effective. 
Inexorable,  etc.     See  Harshness. 
Irresistible,  etc.     See  Volition-Obligation. 
Obligatory.     Binding  in  law  or  duty. 
Peremptory.     Decisive;  compulsory. 
Pulsive.     Coercive. 
Stringent.     Binding  strongly. 

Coercion — Adjective  Expressions. 

Fain  to,  reluctantly  willing;  not  to  be  trifled  with. 

Coercion — Adverbial  Expressions. 

Against  one's  will;  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet;  at  the  point  of  the 
sword;  by  a  strong  arm;  by  force  (see  Nouns) ;  by  force  of  arms;  by 
stress  of  circumstances;  by  stress  of  weather;  forcibly,  powerfully; 
in  spite  of  one's  teeth;  nolens  volens  [L.],  willingly  or  unwillingly 
(see  Volition-Obligation);  on  compulsion;  perforce,  by  force; 
under  press  of;  under  protest;  under  the  lash;  vi  et  armis  [L.J,  by 
force  and  arms. 

co-er'-cive.  Compelling.  Coercion,  Harshness- 
Mildness. 

co"-e-ta'-ne-an.  A  person  of  the  same  age  as  another. 
Coexistence. 

co"-e-ta'-ne-ous.     Of  equal  age.     Coexistence. 

co"-e-ter'-nal.  Equally  eternal.  Coexistence,  Eter- 
nity-Instantaneity. 

cceur,  b,  contre  [F.]  (cur,  aeon- tr).  Against  the  grain. 
Readiness-Reluctance. 

co-e'-val.     Of  same  age.     Coexistence. 

co-e'-vous.     Coeval.     Coexistence. 

co"-ex-ist'.  To  exist  together.  Coexistence,  Inter- 
spacb-Contact,  Solitude-Contact. 

co"-ex-ist'-ence.  Concurrent  existence.  Coexistence, 
Entity-Nonentity,  Interspace-Contact. 

COEXISTENCE. 

Coetanean.     A  person  of  the  same  age  as  another. 

Coexistence.     Existence  at  the  same  time. 

Coincidence.     The  quality  of  happening  at  the  same  time. 

Concomitance.     Having  the  quality  of  accompanying  or  attending. 

Concurrence.     Agreement  in  opinion. 

Contemporary.     A  person  living  at  the  same  time. 

Interim.     A  time  between  acts  or  periods. 

Isochronism.     The  property  of  occurring  at  equal  intervals  of  time. 

Simultaneousness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Synchronism.     The  simultaneity  of  two  events  in  history. 

Unity  of  time.  The  law  of  Aristotle  that  the  supposed  time  of  the 
action  of  a  play  should  not  exceed  the  actual  time  of  perform- 
ance. 

Coexistence — Verbs. 

Accompany.     To  go  with,  as  associated,  incidental,  or  concomitant. 
Coexist.     To  exist  at  the  same  time. 
Concur.     To  agree  in  opinion. 
Synchronize.     To  make  agree  in  time. 

Coexistence — Verbal  Expressions. 

Go  hand  in  hand,  to  coincide ;  keep  pace  with,  to  make  equal  progress 
with. 

Coexistence — Adjectives. 

Coetaneous.     Of  the  same  age. 
Coeternal.     Equally  eternal. 

Loeva  .     (  Existmg  from  the  same  time. 

Coevous. ) 

Coexisting.     To  exist  at  the  same  time. 

Coincident.     Happening  at  the  same  time. 

Concomitant.     Accompanying  or  attending. 

Concurrent.     Agreeing  in  opinion. 

Contemporaneous.!  Liy;      at  the  same  time_ 

Contemporary.        ) 

Isochronous.     Occurring  at  equal  intervals  of  time. 

Simultaneous.     Occurring  at  exactly  the  same  time,  as  two  sounds. 

Synchronal. 

S^chronistical.  f 
Synchronous. 


COEXISTENCE. 


170 


COHESION— LOOSENESS. 


Coexistence — Adverbs. 
Meanwhile.     In  the  intervening  time. 
Simultaneously.     See  Adjectives. 
Together.     At  the  same  time. 

Coexistence — Adverbial  Expressions. 
As  soon  as;  at  the  same  time;  at  the  very  moment;  during  the  same 
time;  in  the  interim;  in  the  same  breath;  just  as;  pari  passu  [L.], 
together,  with  equal  pace. 

co"-ex-ist'-ing.  Of  the  same  period  of  time.  Coexist- 
ence. 

co"-ex-ten'-sion.  A  being  coextensive.  Equality- 
Inequality,  Parallelism-Inclination,  Propor- 
tion-Deformity, 

co"-ex-ten'-sive.  Having  the  same  limits.  Paral- 
lelism-Inclination. 

cof'-fee.    A  black  bean.    Nutriment-Excretion. 

cof '-fee-house".  A  house  for  coffee.  Dweller-Habi- 
tation. 

cof'-fer.  A  strong  box  for  money.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Store,  Treasury. 

cof'-fer-dam".  A  water-tight  enclosure  sunk  in  a 
stream  to  expose  the  bottom.     Inclusion-Omission. 

cof'-fin.  Case  for  a  corpse.  Life-Funeral;  add  a 
nail  to  one's  coffin,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

cog.  A  rowboat;  a  trick;  a  projecting  tooth;  to  cheat. 
Adulation-Disparagement,  Conveyance-Vessel, 
Sharpness-Bluntness,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

co'-gen-cy.  Moral  or  logical  force.  Might-Impo- 
tence. 

co'-gent.  Convincing.  Might-Impotence;  cogent 
reasoning,  Ratiocination-Casuistry. 

cog'-ger-y.    Flattery.    Truthfulness-Fraud. 

cog'-i-tate.    To  meditate.    Reflection- Vacancy. 


Connection-Independ- 
knowing.       Knowledge- 


cog"-i-ta'-tion.    Reflection.    Reflection-Vacancy. 

cog'-i-ta-tive  fac'-ul-ties.  The  mind.  Ratiocination- 
Casuistry. 

cogito,  ergo  sum  [L.]  (coj'-i-to,  er-go  sum).  I  think, 
therefore  I  am.     Entity-Nonentity. 

cog'-nate.  Allied.  Connection-Independence,  Re- 
lationship. 

cog-na'-tion.      Relationship. 
ence,  Harmony-Discord. 

cog-ni'-tion.      The    act    of 
Ignorance. 

cog'-ni-tive.    Knowing.    Knowledge-Ignorance. 

cog'-ni-za-ble.  Capable  of  being  examined.  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance. 

cog'-ni-zance.  Apprehension.  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance; take  cognizance  of,  Heed-Disregard,  Mind- 
Imbecility. 

cog-no'-men.    A  surname.    Name-Misnomer. 

cog-nom'-i-nal.  Pertaining  to  a  cognomen.  Name- 
Misnomer. 

cog-nom"-i-na'-tion.     Surname.     Name-Misnomer. 

cognosca  occasionem  [L.]  (cog-nos'-ca  oc-ke"-zi-o'- 
nem).  Know  the  opportunity.  Opportuneness- 
Unsuitableness. 

cog-nos'-cence.  Knowledge.    Knowledge-Ignorance. 

cog-nos'-ci-ble.     Knowable.    Knowledge-Ignorance. 

co-hab"-i-ta'-tion.  Dwelling  together.  Establish- 
ment-Removal, Matrimony-Celibacy. 

co'-heir.     Joint  heir.      Participation. 

co-her'-ence.  Conjunction.  Cohesion-Looseness, 
Union-Disunion. 

co-her'-ent.     Sticking  together.     Solidity-Rarity. 

co-he'-sion.  A  holding  together.  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness. 


COHESION— LOOSENESS. 


Accretion.     Increase  by  external  additions. 

Adherence.     Attachment  in  a  moral  sense. 

Adhesion.  Attachment  in  a  physical  sense,  usually  of  unlike  sub- 
stances. 

Adhesiveness.     The  condition  of  being  adhesive. 

Agglomeration.     Act  of  forming  a  mass  by  clinging  together. 

Agglutination.  The  state  of  being  united  by  glue  or  other  tenacious 
substance ;  a  similar  union  of  the  elements  of  words. 

Aggregation.     Act  of  collecting  together. 

Cementation.  The  act  of  uniting  or  causing  to  adhere  by  the  intro- 
duction of  a  third  substance. 

Coherence.     Unification  of  the  parts  of  the  same  body. 

Cohesion.     The  force  uniting  like  molecules. 

Cohesiveness.     The  state  of  clinging  together. 

Concretion.     Act  of  forming  a  mass  from  particles. 

Conglomerate.     A  union  of  heterogeneous  parts. 

Conglomeration.     Act  of  accumulating. 

Conglutination.     A  union  by  means  of  some  sticky  substance. 

Consolidation.     Act  of  uniting. 

Inseparability.     The  condition  of  being  incapable  of  division. 

Inseparableness.     Same  as  Inseparability. 

Set.     Act  of  becoming  fixed  together. 

Soldering.     The  process  of  uniting  by  means  of  a  fusible  alloy 

Sticking,  Gluing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Stickiness,  etc.     See  Viscidity. 

Tenacity.     Persistency  in  sticking  together. 

Toughness.     The  quality  of  greatly  resisting  division  or  fracture. 

Coh  es  10  N — Denotations . 

Bur.     A  prickly  seed  vessel  which  clings  to  clothing,  fur,  or  wool. 

Concrete.     A  hardened  mixture. 

Remora.     A  fish  which  clings  to  other  fish  or  floating  bodies. 

Cohesion — Verbs. 
Adhere.     To  cling  together.     See  Adhesion. 
Agglomerate.     To  gather  into  amass. 
Agglutinate.     To  cause  to  stick  together. 
Cake.     To  shape  into  a  hardened  mass. 
Cement.     To  unite  firmly. 

Clasp.     To  fasten  together  as  with  a  hook  or  buckle. 
Cleave.     To  hold  together. 
Cling.      To  hold  on  firmly. 


Disjunction,  etc.     See  Union-Disunion. 

Freedom.     The  state  of  being  unbound. 

Immiscibility.     Incapability  of  being  mixed  or  fused. 

Incoherence.)   . ,  c 

Incohesion.   /  Absence  of  connection. 

Laxity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  loose  or  disconnected. 

Looseness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Loosening,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Non-adhesion.     See  Adjectives. 

Relaxation.     The  state  of  being  loose. 

Slackening,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Slackness,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Looseness — Figurative  Noun. 
Rope  of  sand.    Worthless  attachment. 

Looseness — Verbs. 
Detach.     See  Union-Disunion. 
Loosen.     To  make  less  tight,  firm,  or  compact. 
Relax.     To  make  loose. 

Slacken.     To  reduce  tension  or  to  deprive  of  cohesion. 
Unglue,  etc.     See  Cohesion. 

Looseness — Verbal  Expressions. 
Hake  loose,  etc.;  make  slack,  etc.  (see  Adjectives). 

Looseness — Adjectives. 
Detached.     Unconnected. 
Disheveled.     Loosely  disordered. 
Flapping.     Waving  loosely. 
Immiscible.     Not  capable  of  being  mixed. 
Incoherent.     Not  attached. 
Lax.     Not  in  a  close  or  firm  state. 
Loose.     Unbound. 
Non-adhesive.     Not  sticking. 
Relaxed.     In  a  loosened  condition. 
Segregated.     Separated. 
Slack.     Loose. 
Streaming.     Hanging  loosely 
Uncombined,  etc.     See  Composition. 
Unconsolidated,  etc.     See  Solidity. 

Looseness — Adjective  Expression. 
Like  grains  of  sand. 


COHESION. 


177 


COLLIDE. 


COHESION— Verbs— Continued. 


Cohere.     To  stick  together.     See  Cohesion. 

Conglutinate.     To  unite  by  the  intervention  of  some  sticky  substance. 

Consolidate,  etc.     See  Solidity. 

Glue.     To  fasten  by  means  of  a  sticky  substance. 

Gum.     To  smear  with  a  pasty  substance. 

Hold.     To  retain  closely. 


Hug.     To  embrace  closely. 

Lute.     To  seal  up  crevices  with  a  soft  adhesive  mixture. 

Paste.     To  stick  with  an  adhesive  compound. 

Solder.     To  unite  by  means  of  a  fusible  alloy. 

Stick.     To  cause  to  cleave  by  means  of  paste. 

Weld.     To  unite  by  pressure. 


Cohesion — Verbal  Expressions. 


Adhere  like  a  remora;  adhere  like  Dejanira's  shirt;  cling  like  a  bur; 
cling  like  ivy;  close  with,  to  join  in  action;  grow  together;    hang 


together;  hold  fast;  stick  close;  stick  like  a  leech;  stick  like  wax, 
take  hold  of;  twine  round,  etc.  (see  Union). 


Cohesion — Adjectives. 


Adhering.    .Sticking  to. 

Adhesive.     Tending  to  cling. 

Clinging,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Cohering,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Cohesive.     Tending  to  cohere  in  homogeneous  bodies. 

Compact.     Closely  joined. 

Inextricable.      Incapable  of  being  disunited. 

Infrangible.      Incapable  of  being  broken. 

co-he'-sive.  Belonging  to  cohesion.  Cohesion- 
Looseness,  Solidity-Rarity. 

co-he'-sive-ness.    Stickiness.    Cohesion-Looseness. 

co-hib'-it.  Restrain.  Leave-Prohibition,  Release- 
Restraint. 

co-hi-bi'-tion.     Restraint.    Motive-Dehortation. 

co-hib'-i-tive.     Restraining.    Release-Restraint. 

co"-ho-ba'-tion.  Returning  to  a  still.  Establish- 
ment-Removal, Matrimony-Celibacy. 

co'-hort.     A  company  of  soldiers.     Belligerent. 

cohue  [F.]  (co-u').    A  crowd.    Gathering-Scattering. 

coif.     A  hood.     Dress-Undress. 

coif'-fure.     A  head-dress.     Dress-Undress. 

coil.  A  succession  of  rings.  Circle-Winding,  Cir- 
cuition,  Difficulty-Facility,  Regularity-Irreg- 
ularity; shuffle  off  this  mortal  coil,  Life-Death. 

coiled.     Wound  around.     Circle-Winding. 

coin.  To  fabricate;  to  invent;  money.  Creation- 
Destruction,  Fancy,  Money;  coin  money,  Gain- 
Loss;  coin  words,  Word-Neology. 

coin'-age.     Making  of  coins.     Creation-Destruction. 

co"-in-cide'.  To  agree  with;  be  the  same  as.  Assent- 
Dissent,  Contents-Receiver,  Sameness-Contrast. 

co-in'-ci-dence.  Agreement.  Assent-Dissent,  Coex- 
istence, Interspace -Contact,  Sameness- Con- 
trast. 

cc-in'-ci-dent.    Agreeing.    Sameness-Contrast. 

co"-in-ci'-ding.    Agreeing.    Sameness-Contrast. 

coin'-er.     A  counterfeiter.     Robber. 

cois'-tril.     A  knight's  groom.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

co-ju'-ror.  A  compurgator.  Litigation,, Truthful- 
ness-False hood. 

coke.    Heated  coal.    Combustible,  Heating-Cooling. 

col'-an-der.    A  perforated  vessel.    Aperture-Closure. 

col'-a-ture.     Substance  strained.     Cleanness-Filthi- 

NESS. 

cold.  Without  heat;  chilled;  indifferent;  weak  to 
the  senses.  Amity-Hostility,  Blueness-Orange 
Color-Achromatism,  Force-Weakness,  Heat- 
Cold,  Unconcern;  cold  comfort,  Contentedness- 
Discontentment;  cold-hearted,  Amity-Hostility, 
Charitableness-Malevolence,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy;  cold  shoulder,  Politeness-Impoliteness, 
Regard-Scorn;  cold  steel,  Weapon;  cold  sweat, 
Sanguineness-Timidity;  cold  water  cure,  Remedy- 
Bane;  in  cold  blood,  Predetermination-Impulse, 
Purpose-Luck,  Sensitiveness-Apathy,  Uncon- 
cern; throw  cold  water  upon,  Motive-Caprice,  Ob- 
struction-Help, WlTTINESS-DuLNESS. 

cold'-heart"-ed.  Unsympathetic.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Favorite-Anger,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

Cold'-ly.     In  a  cold  manner.     Heat-Cold. 
12 


Inseparable.     Not  capable  of  being  disjoined. 

Sessile.     Closely  attached. 

Sticky,  etc.     See  Viscidity. 

Tenacious.     Holding  fast. 

Tough.     Not  easily  parted  or  broken. 

United.     Made  into  one. 

Unseparated.     Not  parted. 


cold'-ness.  State  of  being  cold.  Heat-Cold,  Uncon- 
cern. 

Col"-i-se'-um.  Amphitheater  of  Rome.  ["  While 
stands  the  Coliseum,  Rome  shall  stand."  Byron, 
Childe  Harold,  iv,  145.]     Lists. 

col-lab'-o-ra"-tor.  One  who  is  associated.  Antago- 
nist-Assistant. 

col-lapse'.  Extreme  prostration;  failure.  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, CoMPLETION-NONCOMPLE- 
tion,  Enlargement-Diminution,  Might-Impo* 
tence,  Success-Failure,  Transcursion-Short- 
coming,  Weariness-Refreshment. 

col'-lar.  Any  article  of  dress  worn  about  neck;  to 
seize.  Circle-Winding,  Dress-Undress,  Release- 
Prison,  Taking-Restitution;  slip  the  collar, 
Escape,  Release-Restraint. 

col-late'.     To  compare  critically.     Comparison. 

col-lat'-er-al.  Secondary;  parallel.  Laterality-Con- 
traposition,  Relationship;  collateral  evidence, 
Evidence-Counterevidence. 

col-la'-tion.  Comparison.  Comparison,  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

col'-league.  An  associate.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Antagonist-Assistant,  Solitude-Com- 
pany. 

col'-league-ship.  Association.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence. 

col-lect'.  To  gather;  to  infer;  to  get  control  of;  a  short 
prayer.  Clearness-Obscurity,  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment,  Devotion-Idolatry,  Gain-Loss,  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Store;  collect  evidence,  Evidence- 
Counterevidence;  collect  knowledge,  Education- 
Learning;  collect  one's  thoughts,  Reflection- 
Vacancy. 

col"-lec-ta'-ne-a.  A  miscellany.  Digest,  Gathering- 
Scattering. 

col-lect'-ed.  Composed.  Excitability-Inexcitabil- 
ity. 

col-lec'-tion.    A  gathering.    Gathering-Scattering. 

col-lect'-ive.  Taken  together.  Universality-Par- 
ticularity. 

col-lect'-ive-ly .  Relating  to  an  assembly ;  aggregately. 
Solitude-Company,  Whole-Part. 

col-lect'-ive-ness.  State  of  being  collected.  Whole- 
Part. 

col-lect'-ive  noun.  A  noun  which  denotes  plurality 
without  a  plural  form.     Noun. 

col'-lege.     An  educational  institution. 
college,  Education-Learning. 

col-le'-gi-ate.     Pertaining  to  a  college. 
legiate  school,  School. 

col-lide'.     To  come  together  violently. 
action. 


School;  go  to 
School;  col- 
Impetus-Re- 


COLLIE. 


178 


COLOR— ACHROMATISM. 


col'-lie.     A  shepherd  dog.     Fauna-Flora. 

col'-lier.     A  vessel.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

col'-li-gate.  To  group  together.  Gathering-Scat- 
tering. 

col"-li-ga'-tion.    A  grouping.    Gathering-Scattering. 

col"-li-ma'-tion.  Making  parallel.  Aim-Aberration, 
Astronomy. 

col'-li-quate.  To  melt.  Liquefaction-Volatilization. 

col"-li-qua'-tion.  Act  of  melting.  Liquefaction-Vol- 
atilization. 

col-liq'-ua-tive.  Exhaustive.  Liquefaction-Volatil- 
ization. 

col-liq"-ue-fac'-tion.  Fusion.  Liquefaction-Vola- 
tilization. 

col-li'-sion.  Clash;  opposition;  encounter.  Antag- 
onism -  Concurrence,  Cooperation  -  Opposition, 
Impetus-Reaction,  Strife-Peace. 

col'-lo-cate.  To  put  together.  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing, Organization-Disorganization. 

col"-lo-ca'-tion.  A  grouping  together.  Establish- 
ment-Removal, Gathering-Scattering,  Organ- 
ization-Disorganization. 

col"-lo-cu'-tion.  Conference.  Conversation-Mono- 
logue. 

col-logue'.     To    cajole.     Adulation-Disparagement. 

col'-lop.     A  morsel.     Whole-Part. 

col-lo'-qui-al.  Conversational.  Conversation-Mono- 
logue, Trope,  Word-Neology. 

col-lo'-qui-al-ism.  Colloquial  expression.  Trope, 
Word-Neology. 

col'-lo-quy.     Dialogue.     Conversation-Monologue. 

col-lude'.    To  connive.    Antagonism-Concurrence. 

col-lu'-sion.  A  secret  agreement.  Antagonism-Con- 
currence, Truthfulness-Fraud. 


col-lu'-sive.  Acting  by  collusion.  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

col-lu'-so-ry.  Marked  by  fraud.  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

col"-lu-ta'-tion.     A  strife.     Strife-Peace. 

coUu'-vi-es.     Filth.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

col  lyr'-i-um.     An  eye-wash.     Remedy-Bane. 

co'-lon.  A  punctuation-mark.  Discontinuance-Con- 
tinuance. 

colo'-nel.     An  officer.     Chief-Underling. 

col'-o-nist.     A  settler.     Dweller-Habitation. 

col"-c-ni-za'-tion.  Settling.  Establishment-Re- 
moval. 

col'-o-nize.     To  settle.     Establishment-Removal. 

col"-on-nade'.  A  row  of  columns.  Continuity-In- 
terruption, Dweller-Habitation. 

col'-o-ny.  A  body  of  emigrants.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion, Establishment-Removal. 

col'-o-phon.  An  ancient  index.  Predecessor-Con- 
tinuation. 

col'-or.  Any  hue;  paint;  pretense.  Color-Achro- 
matism, Gull-Hyperbole,  Likelihood-Unlikeli- 
hood, Painting,  Pretext,  Seeming, Truthfulness- 
Falsehood,  Whiteness-Blackness  ;  all  colors,  Per- 
fume-Stench ;  change  colors,  Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness;  color  blindness,  Sight-Dimsightedness;  color- 
sergeant,  Chief-Underling;  color  too  highly,  Gull- 
Hyperbole;  color  up,  Redness-Greenness,  Self- 
respect-Humbleness;  give  a  color  to,  Likelihood- 
Unlikelihood,  Modification,  Mutation-Perma- 
nence, Truthfulness-Falsehood;  lend  a  color  to, 
Justification-Charge,  Likelihood-Unlikelihood, 
Pretext;  man  of  color,  Whiteness-Blackness; 
show  in  true  color,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 


COLOR— ACHROMATISM. 


Broken  color.     A  color  made  by  a  mixture  of  two  or  more  pigments. 

Cast.     Tinge. 

Color.  A  property  depending  on  the  relations  of  light  to  the  eye,  by 
which  differences  in  the  hues  and  tints  are  apprehended. 

Coloration.     Characteristic  arrangement  of  colors. 

Coloring.     Combined  effect  of  colors 

Complementary  color.  One  of  two  colors  which  when  combined  pro- 
duce white  light. 

Complexion.     General  appearance  or  aspect. 

Dye       Hue,  tinge. 

p.us   *|  A  heightened  color;  a  redness. 

Hue.     Compound  of  one  or  more  colors. 

Keeping.     Harmony. 

Key.     The  prevailing  effect,  whether  bright,  dull,  etc. 

Livery.     Characteristic  color  or  outward  appearance. 

Local  color.      Natural  color. 

Positive  color.     A  color  distinct  in  itself. 

Primary  colors.  The  principal  colors  into  which  white  light  is  sepa- 
rated by  a  prism. 

Pure  color.     A  strong,  distinct  color. 

Secondary  color.     A  color  formed  by  mixing  two  primary  pigments. 

Shade.     Relative  luminosity  of  a  color. 

Tertiary  color.  A  color  produced  by  a  primary  and  secondary  pig- 
ment. > 

Three  primaries.  The  colors  red  green,  blue,  by  mixture  of  which 
any  others  can  be  made. 

Tincture,     Tint. 

Tinge.     A  faint  trace  of  one  color  mixed  with  another. 

Tint,     A  faint  color. 

Tone.     Degree  of  a  color. 

Color — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Coloring  matter.     Anything  used  for  coloring  or  dyeing. 

Distemper.     A  pigment  mixed  with  something  soluble  in  water. 

Dye.     A  fluid  used  for  coloring. 

Logwood.     A  tree  from  which  a  red  dye  is  made. 

Medium.     A  liquid  vehicle,  as  oil. 

Mordant.      Substance  used  in  fixing  a  dye. 

Oil-paint       Paint  made  by  mixing  a  pigment  with  oil. 

Paint.     A  pigment  or  coloring  substance. 


Absence  of  color.     State  of  being  colorless. 


Achromatism.) 


State  of  being  colorless. 


Decoloration. 
Discoloration.     State  of  having  an  unnatural  color. 
Etiolation.     Process  of  blanching  plants. 
Paleness.     Lack  of  intensity  of  color. 

p  .,  |  State  of  being  abnormally  pale. 

Ach  ROM  atism — Denotations. 

Black  and  white.     Uncertainty  of  tint. 
Monochrome.     Painting  in  a  single  color. 
Neutral  tint.     Blue  or  gray. 

Achromatism — Verbs. 
Achromatize.     To  free  from  color. 
Become  colorless.     Lose  color. 
Blanch.     To  whiten  permanently  or  temporarily. 
Bleach.     To  whiten  permanently. 
Decolorize.     To  deprive  of  color. 
Deprive  of  color.     Bleach. 
Etiolate.     To  blanch  plants. 
Fade.     To  grow  pale  or  dull  in  color. 
Fly.     To  fade  or  disappear. 
Go.     To  leave;  to  become  faint. 
Lose  color,  etc .     See  Color. 
Pale.     To  turn  pale  or  wan. 
Tarnish.     To  lessen  or  destroy  the  luster. 
Tone  down.     To  lower,  soften,  or  subdue  the  tone  of. 
Turn  pale.     To  become  wan  or  pallid. 
Wash  out.     Remove  by  the  application  of  a  liquid. 

Achromatism — Adjectives. 

Achromatic.     Free  from  color. 

Aplanatic.     Freed  from  spherical  aberration  by  two  lenses. 

Ashy.     Ash-colored. 

Blond.     Having  a  fair  skin,  light  eyes,  and  fair  hair. 

Cadaverous.     Deathly  pale. 

Cold.     Bluish  in  tone  or  effect. 

Colorless.     Without  color. 

Dead.     Lusterless;  dull. 

Dingy.     Of  a  dusky  color. 


COLOR. 


179 


COMBATIVENESS. 


COLOR— ACHROMATISM— Continued. 


COLOR — Nouns  of  Cause — Continued, 

Pigment.     Coloring  material. 

Stain.     A  dye. 

Wash.     Preparation  used  in  coating. 

Color — Scientific  Terms, 
Chromatic  dispersion.     The  separation  of  a  ray  of  light  into  its  colors 

by  a  prism. 
Chromatics.     The  science  of  colors. 

Prism.     Transparent  triangular  solid  used  in  refracting  light. 
Spectroscope.     Instrument  for  analyzing  the  spectra  of  rays  emitted 

by  bodies. 
Spectrum.     Image  of  radiant  energy  in  which  parts  are  arranged 

according  to  their  wave-length. 
Spectrum  analysis.     Chemical  analysis  by  means  of  the  spectra  of  a 

substance. 

Color — Verbs. 
Bedizen.     To  adorn  in  tawdry  splendor. 
Color.     To  infuse  color  into. 
Dye.     To  fix  a  color  in  a  substance  by  soaking. 
Emblazon.     To  adorn  with  armorial  ensigns. 
Grain.     To  paint  or  stain  in  imitation  of  grain. 
Illuminate.     To  decorate  with  ornamental  colored  figures. 
Imbue.     To  tinge  or  dye  deeply. 
Ingrain.     To  dye  with  any  lasting  color. 
Paint,  etc.     To  adorn  with  colors,  etc.     See  Painting. 
Tinct.     To  tinge  slightly. 
Tinge.     To  imbue  with  a  faint  trace  of  color. 
Tint.     To  give  a  delicate  hue  to. 
Stain.     To  color  by  the  use  of  a  dye  or  stain . 
Wash.     To  spread  flat  color  lightly  and  evenly  upon  a  surface. 

Color — Adjectives, 
Bright.     Of  brilliant  color. 
Chromatic.     Pertaining  to  color. 
Colored.     Infused  with  color;  having  color. 

Colorific.     Of  or  pertaining  to  the  production  or  sensation  of  color. 
Crude.     Having  inharmonious  colors. 
Deep.     Of  intense  or  dark  hue. 
Deep  colored.     Dark. 
Discordant.     Out  of  harmony. 
Double-dyed.     Dyed  twice  over. 
Flaring.     Shining  out  in  glaring  colors. 


Flashy. 


■  Gaudy. 


Flaunting.) 

Florid.     Of  a  lively,  reddish  hue. 

Fresh.     Retaining  vividness  or  distinctness. 

Full-colored. 

Gairish.     Garish. 

Garish.     Displaying  a  gaudy  effect. 


ACHROMATISM—  Adjectives— Continued. 

Discolored.     Changed  in  color. 

Dull.     Without  luster. 

Dun.     Of  a  dull  dark-brown  color. 

Faint.     Indistinct  in  color. 

Fair.     Having  light  or  clear  color. 

Ghastly.     Having  a  death-like  appearance. 

Glassy.     Transparent. 

Hueless.     Without  shade  of  color. 

Lack-luster.     Wanting  luster ;  dim. 

Leaden.     Having  the  color  of  lead. 

Light-colored.     Of  a  faint  or  pale  shade  of  color. 

Muddy.     Clouded. 

Pale.     Lacking  in  color  and  freshness. 

Pale  as  a  corpse. 

Pale  as  a  ghost. 

Pale  as  ashes.         \  Unnaturally  pale. 

Pale  as  a  witch. 

Pale  as  death. 

Pale-faced.     Having  a  pale  face. 

Pallid.     Of  a  pale  or  wan  appearance. 

Sallow.     Of  an  unhealthy  yellowish  color. 

Tallow-faced.     Having  a  tallowy  complexion. 

Unco lo re d ,  etc .     See  Color . 

Wan.     Pale,  as  from  sickness  or  anxiety. 

White,  etc.     Of  the  color  of  snow,  etc.     See  Whiteness 


COLOR — Ad  \  ect  i  v  es — Continued. 

Gaudy.     Brilliant  in  color. 

Gay.     Brilliant  in  color  or  appearance. 

Glaring.     Emitting  an  excessively  bright  light. 

Gorgeous.     Conspicuous  by  splendor  of  colors. 

Harmonious.     Symmetrical. 

High-colored.     Having  a  strong,  deep,  or  glaring  color 

Inharmonious.     Un  symmetrical. 

Intense.     Having  strength  or  marked  contrast. 

Mellow.     Agreeable  to  the  senses. 

Pearly.     Resembling  pearls  in  color  and  luster. 

Polychromatic.     Exhibiting  many  colors. 

Prismatic.     Exhibiting  rainbow  tints. 

Raw.     Untempered  or  without  tone. 

Rich.     Pleasing  in  color. 

Showy.     Gaudy. 

Sweet.     Agreeable  to  the  eye. 

Tinctorial.     Of  or  pertaining  to  color  or  hue. 

Tingent.     Capable  of  tingeing. 

Unladed.     Not  dulled  in  tint  or  color. 

Vivid.     Having  intense  luminosity  or  high  chroma. 


col'-or-able .  Plausible.  Likelihood-Unlikelihood, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

Col"-o-ra'-do  bee'-tle.  Potato  bug.  Benefactor- 
Evildoer. 

col"-or-a'-tion.  The  use  of  colors.  Color-Achroma- 
tism. 

col'-or-ing.  The  general  colors;  appearance.  Color- 
Achromatism,  Gull-Hyperbole,  Meaning-Jargon, 
Modification,  Truthfulness-Falsehood;  coloring 
matter,  Color-Achromatism;  false  coloring,  Inter- 
pretation-Misinterpretation. 

col'-or-less.     Without  color.     Color-Achromatism. 

col'-ors.  An  ensign  or  flag.  Sign,  Title;  false  colors, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Truthfulness-Fraud; 
flying  colors,  Pomp,  Solemnization;  lower  one's 
colors,  Welfare-Misfortune;  nail  one's  colors  to 
the  mast,  Persistence-Whim;  show  one's  colors, 
Exposure-Hidingplace,  Manifestation-Latency, 
Sign;  true  to  one's  colors,  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty. 

co-los'-sal.     Large.     Greatness-Littleness. 

Cor'-os-se'-um.     A  large  theater.     [Coliseum.]     Lists. 

co-los'-sus.  A  large  statue.  Greatness-Littleness, 
Height-Lowness. 

col'-por"-teur.     An  agent.     Dealer. 

col'-staff,     Acowlstaff.     Suspension-Support. 


col'-um-bine.     Dove-like.     Acting. 

col"-u-mel'-la.  A  plant  support.  Suspension-Support. 

col'-umn.  A  shaft;  a  prop;  a  vertical  space  or  row. 
Architecture,  Belligerent,  Continuity-Inter- 
ruption, Height-Lowness,  Mark-Obliteration, 
Roundness,  Suspension-Support,  Traveling- 
Navigation,  Writing-Printing. 

col'-um-nar.     Like  a  column.     Roundness. 

co-lures'.  Great  circles  of  the  celestial  sphere.  Uni- 
verse. 

co'-ma.  A  stupor.  Activity-Indolence,  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy. 

co'-ma-tose.  Abnormally  sleepy.  Activity-Indo- 
lence. 

comb.  An  instrument  for  the  hair.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Recompense-Punition,  Sharpness- 
Bluntness. 

com'-bat.  A  battle.  Fighting-Conciliation,  Strife- 
Peace. 

combat,  hors  de  [F.]  (con*-ba',  or  de).  Out  of  fighting 
condition.  Health-Sickness,  Usefulness-Use- 
lessness,  Weariness-Refreshment. 

com'-bat-ant.     A  fighter.     Belligerent. 

com'-bat-ive.     Pugnacious.     Strife-Peace. 

com'-bat-ive-ness.  Tendency  to  fight.  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation, Stripe-Peace. 


COMBE. 


180 


COMESTIBLES. 


combe.    A  valley.    Convexity-Concavity. 

com"-bi-na'-tion.  A  joining;  a  union.  Antagonism- 
Concurrence,  Association,  Composition-Resolu- 
tion, Inclusion-Omission,  Mixture-Homogeneity, 
Number,  Union-Disunion. 

com-bine'.  To  compound;  organization.  Antag- 
onism -  CONC  URRENCE,       COMPOSITION  -  RESOLUTION, 

Labor-Capital. 

com-bined'.    United.    Composition-Resolution. 

com-bus'-ti-ble.  Burnable.  Combustible,  Heating- 
Cooling. 

COMBUSTIBLE. 

Anthracite.     A  hard  mineral  coal. 

Bobbing.     A  fagot  of  brushwood. 

Brand.     A  burning  piece  of  wood. 

Brimstone.     Sulfur. 

Carbon.  A  combustible  element  forming  the  greater  part  of  coal, 
charcoal,  etc. 

Charcoal.  Impure  carbon  prepared  from  vegetable  and  animal  sub- 
stances. 

Coal.  A  black,  solid  combustible  substance  consisting  mainly  of 
carbon. 

Coke.     Mineral  coal  deprived  of  bitumen,  sulfur, and  volatile  matter. 

Combustible.     A  substance  which  is  liable  to  take  fire  and  burn. 

Congreve.  A  rocket,  carrying  a  case  shot  filled  with  combustible 
material. 

Culm.     Anthracite  coal  in  small  masses. 

Fagot.     A  bundle  of  sticks  used  for  fuel. 

Fire-ball.     A  ball  filled  with  powder  or  other  combustible. 

Fire-barrel.     A  cylinder  for  carrying  combustibles  on  a  fire-ship. 

Fire-brand.     A  piece  of  burning  wood. 

Firewood.     Wood  used  for  fuel. 

Firing.     Fuel, 
use.    l  j^  combustible  cord  used  for  firing  shells  or  for  blasting. 

Incense.     Material  burned  in  religious  rites. 

Locofoco.     A  friction  match. 

Log.     Wood  used  for  fuel. 

Lucifer.     A  friction  match. 

Match.     A  splint  of  wood  dipped  at  one  end  in  a  substance  easily 

ignited. 
Oil.     A  variety  of  combustible  liquid  substances. 
Peat.     Decomposed  vegetable  matter  used  for  fuel. 
Port-fire.     A  case  of  strong  paper  filled  with  niter  and  sulfur. 
Spill.     A  roll  of  paper,  or  split  of  wood  used  as  a  lamplighter. 
Sulfur.     A  non-metallic  combustible  element. 
Tinder.     Something  very  inflammable  used  for  kindling  fire. 
Torch.     A  fire-brand. 

Touchwood.     Wood  so  decayed  as  to  serve  for  tinder. 
Turf.     Peat  prepared  for  fuel. 
Vesta.     A  wax  friction  match. 
Vesuvian.     A  cigar  lighter. 
Wallsend.     A  kind  of  coal. 
Wick.     A  braided  cord  used  to  draw  up  the  oil  in  a  lamp. 

Combustible — Associated  Nouns. 

Cinder.     Product  of  combustion. 

Ingle.     A  flame. 

Light.     A  product  of  combustion. 

Linstock.     A  pointed  fork  to  hold  a  match  in  firing  a  cannon. 

Combustible — Adjectives. 

Carbonaceous.     Containing  carbon ;  hence,  combustible. 
Combustible.     Capable  of  being  set  on  fire. 
Inflammable.     Highly  combustible. 

com-bus"-ti-bil'-i-ty.  Inflammability.  Heating-Cool- 
ing. 

com-bus'-tion.     Disturbance.     Heating-Cooling. 

come.  To  happen;  to  approach;  to  move  toward.  Ap- 
proach-Withdrawal, Approval-Disapproval,  Ar- 
rival-Departure, Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Occurrence-Destiny;  come  about,  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Occurrence-Destiny  ;  come  across, 
Arrival-Departure,  Discovery;  come  after,  Ante- 
cedence-Sequence, Precedence-Succession;  come 
amiss,  Harmony-Discord,  Opportuneness-Unsuit- 


ableness,  Variance- Accord;  come  and  go,  Vibra- 
tion; come  at  one's  call,  Insubordination-Obedi- 
ence; come  back,  Advance-Retrogression;  come 
before,  Antecedence-Sequence,  Precedence-Suc- 
cession; come  by,  Gain-Loss;  come  down  with, 
Settlement-Default;  come  first,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Precedence-Succession;  come  forth, 
Entrance-Exit,  Occurrence-Destiny,  Visibility- 
Invisibility;  come  forward,  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Pomp,  Proffer-Refusal;  come  from,  Cause- 
Effect;  come  in,  Arrival-Departure,  Entrance- 
Exit,  Giving-Receiving;  come  in  for,  Gain-Loss, 
Holding-Exemption,  Participation,  Property; 
come  into  existence,  Beginning-End,  Entity-Non- 
entity, Occurrence-Destiny;  come  into  operation, 
Agency;  come  into  the  view,  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence; come  into  the  world,  Beginning-End,  Life- 
Death  ;  come  into  use,  Habit-Desuetude  ;  come  into 
view,  Visibility-Invisibility;  come  near,  Ap- 
proach-Withdrawal; come  of,  Cause-Effect; 
come  of  age,  Manhood;  come  off,  Escape,  Pretext, 
Occurrence-Destiny,  Union-Disunion;  come  off 
well,  Success-Failure;  come  on,  Advance-Retro- 
gression, Attack-Defense,  Defiance,  Future- 
Past,  Occurrence-Destiny,  Precedence-Succes- 
sion; come  out,  Acting,  Exposure-Hidingplace, 
Publicity,  Visibility-Invisibility;  come  out  of, 
Cause-Effect,  Entrance-Exit;  come  out  with, 
Exposure-Hidingplace,  Publicity,  Speech-Inar- 
ticulateness; come  over,  Consent,  Motive-Ca- 
price, Truthfulness-Fraud;  come  round,  Assent- 
Dissent,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Consent,  Con  version- 
Reversion,  Fighting -Conciliation,  Motive - 
Caprice,  Periodicity-Irregularity,  Renovation- 
Relapse;  come  short  of,  Supremacy-Subordinacy, 
Transcursion-Shortcoming;  come  to,  Arrival- 
Departure,  Cause-Effect,  Conversion-Rever- 
sion, Equality-Inequality,  Holding-Exemption, 
Life-Death,  Money,  Numbering,  Price-Discount, 
Renovation-Relapse,  Whole-Part;  come  to  a  de- 
termination, Determination-Vacillation;  come  to 
a  head,  Completion-Noncompletion,  Entirety- 
Deficiency,  Supremacy-Subordinacy;  come  to  a 
stand,    Discontinuance-Continuance;    come    to- 

f ether,  Concentration-Radiation,  Gathering- 
cattering;  come  to  hand,  Giving-Receiving; 
come  to  nothing,  Fertility-Sterility,  Success- 
Failure;  come  to  oneself,  Renovation-Relapse; 
come  to  one's  knowledge,  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Knowledge-Ignorance;  come  to  one's  senses,  Sane- 
ness-Lunacy;  come  to  pass,  Condition-Situation, 
Occurrence-Destiny;  come  to  pieces,  Union-Dis- 
union; come  to  terms,  Assent-Dissent,  Composi- 
tion, Consent,  Contract,  Fighting-Conciliation, 
Terms,  Yielding;  come  to  the  front,  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Transcursion-Shortcoming;  come 
to  the  point,  Heed-Disregard,  Terseness-Pro- 
lixity, Universality-Particularity;  come  to  the 
rescue,  Rescue;  come  to  the  same  thing,  Equality- 
Inequality;  come  under,  Admission-Exclusion; 
come  upon,  Arrival-Departure,  Dueness-Undue- 
ness,  Expectation-Surprise,  Gain-Loss;  come 
what  may,  Certainty-Doubt;  cut  and  come  again, 
Enough,  Recurrence;  to  come,  Future-Past, 
Occurrence-Destiny. 

co-me'-di-an.    A  player  of  comedy. 
Laughingstock. 

co-me"-di-et'-ta.     A  short  comedy. 

com'-e-dy.    An  entertaining  drama. 

LUDICROUSNESS. 

come'-li-ness.    Gracefulness.    Beauty-Ugliness. 
come'-ly.    Graceful.    Beauty-Ugliness. 
com-es'-ti-ble.    Edible.     Nutriment-Excretion. 
com-es'-ti-bles.    Edibles.    Nutriment-Excretion. 


Acting,  Society- 
Acting. 
Acting,  Society- 


COMET. 


181 


COMMISSION— ABROGATION. 


com'-et.  A  heavenly  body.  Astronomy,  Universe, 
Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

com'-fit.     Confection.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

com'-fort.  Freedom  from  pain  or  anxiety.  Allevia- 
tion-Aggravation, Contentedness-Discontent- 
ment,  Pleasure-Pain,  Sensuality-Suffering  ;  give 
comfort,  Alleviation-Aggravation,  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence. 

com'-f ort-a-ble .  Having  comfort.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Pleasure -Pain,  Sensuality -Suf- 
fering. 

Com'-fort-er.     Holy  Spirit.     Divinity. 

com'-fort-er.     Quilt.     Dress-Undress. 

com'-f ort-ing.  Giving  comfort.  Sensuality-Suffer- 
ing. 

com'-f ort-less.  Without  comfort.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

com'-ic.  Ludicrous.  Acting,  Society-Ludicrous- 
Witness,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

com'-ic-al.     Droll.    Society-Ludicrousness. 

com"-i-cal-i'-ty.  Mirth.  Society-Ludicrousness, 
tiness-Dulness. 

com'-ing.  Approaching.  Approach-Withdrawal, 
Arrival-Departure,  Future-Past,  Occurrence- 
Destiny;  coming  events,  Prophecy;  coming  time, 
Future-Past. 

comitia  [L.]  (co-mish'-i-a) .    An  assembly.    Council. 

com'-i-ty.     Good-will.     Politeness-Impoliteness. 

com'-ma.  A  punctuation-mark.  Discontinuance- 
Continuance. 

com-mand'.  Ruling  power;  range  of  outlook.  Height- 
Lowness,  Holding-Exemption,  Order,  Rule- 
License;  at  one's  command,  Holding-Exemption, 
Insubordination-Obedience,  Rule-License;  com- 
mand a  view  of,  Sight-Blindness;  command  belief, 
Faith-Misgiving;  command  of  language,  Force- 
Weakness,  Speech-Inarticulateness,  Style; 
command  of  money,  Affluence-Penury;  command 
one's  passions,  Virtue- Vice;  command  respect,  Re- 
gard-Disrespect. 

com"-man-dant'.  One  in  command.  Chief-Under- 
ling. 

com-mand'-er.  A  leader.  Chief-Underling,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Height-Lowness,  Hold- 
ing-Exemption, Order,  Rule-License. 

com-mand'-er-in-chief.  The  head  of  the  army.  Chief- 
Underling. 

com-mand'-ing.     Ordering.     Order. 

com-mas'-see.     Arabian  coin.     Values. 

comme  deux  gouttes  d'eau  [F.]  (com  du  gut  do) .  Like 
two  drops  of  water.     Likeness-Unlikeness. 

comme  il  faut  [F.]  (com  il  fo).  As  it  should  be.  Gen- 
tility-Democracy, Society,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

com-mem'-o-rate.     To  fix  in  memory.     Delineation- 


Caricature,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness,  Sol- 
emnization. 

com-mem"-o-ra'-tion.  Remembrance;  observance. 
Mark-Obliteration,  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness, Solemnization. 

com-mem'-c-ra-tive.  Serving  to  remember.  Solemni- 
zation. 

com-mence'.    To  begin.    Beginning-End. 

com-mence'-ment.    Beginning.    Beginning-End. 

commencement  de  la  fin  [F.]  (co-man' s-man'  de  la 
fan-).  Beginning  of  the  end.  Beginning-End, 
Creation-Destruction. 

com-mend'.  To  approve.  Approval-Disapproval; 
commend  the  poisoned  chalice,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

com-mend'-a-ble.  Laudable.  Good-Evil,  Virtue- 
Vice. 

com"-men-da'-tion.  Approbation.  Approval-Disap- 
proval. 

com-men"-su-ra-bil'-i-ty.  Quality  of  being  commen- 
surable.    Harmony-Discord. 

com-men'-su-ra-ble.     Measurable.     Numbering. 

com-men'-su-rate.  Commensurable.  Enough,  Har- 
mony-Discord, Numbering. 

com'-ment.  A  note.  Decsion-Misjudgment,  Inter- 
pretation -  Misinterpretation,  Ratiocination  - 
Casuistry. 

com'-men-ta-ry.  An  exposition.  Essay,  Interpreta- 
tion-Misinterpretation. 

com'-men-ta"-tor.  An  annotator.  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment,  Interpreter,  Essay. 

com'-merce.  Intercourse;  a  card-game.  Conver- 
sation-Monologue, Entertainment- Weariness, 
Exchange. 

com-mer'-cial  a-rith'-me-tic.  Mercantile  arithmetic. 
Accounts. 

com"-mi-na'-tion.  A  denunciation.  Charitableness- 
Curse,  Charitableness-Menace. 

com-min'-a-to-ry.  Threatening.  Charitableness- 
Menace. 

com-min'-gle.    To  blend.    Mixture-Homogeneity. 

com'-mi-nute.  To  couch.  Friability,  Union-Dis- 
union. 

com-mis'-er-ate.  To  pity.  Compassion-Ruthless- 
ness. 

com-mis"-er-a'-tion.  Compassion.  Benefactor- 
Evildoer. 

com"-mis-sa'-ri-at.  Food  department.  Nutriment- 
Excretion,  Provision-Waste. 

com'-mis-sa-ry.    A  commissioner.    Consignee. 

com-mis'-sion.  Commission-Abrogation,  Occupa-. 
tion,  Rule-License;  commission  of  the  peace,  Judi- 
cature. 


COMMISSION— ABROGATION. 


Accession.     A  coming  to  by  right  of  inheritance. 

.        .  /.      f  The  office  or  power  of  one  authorized  to  act  for  another. 

Appointment.     A  selection  to  fill  some  position  of  responsibility. 

Assignment.  An  allotting  to  a  particular  person  for  a  particular 
tiros. 

Brevet.  A  commission  from  the  government,  granting  some  privi- 
lege. 

Charge.     A  responsibility;  an  obligation. 

Clerkship.     Office  of  a  clerk. 

Commission.     A  trust;  a  charge. 

Consignment.  A  sending  of  goods  to  another  person  at  a  different 
place  for  sale. 

Coronation.  The  ceremony  of  investing  a  prince  with  the  insignia 
of  royalty. 

Delegation.     The  appointment  of  persons  to  represent  others. 

Deputation.     The  appointment  of  a  deputy  or  representative. 

Enthronement.     The  act  of  enthroning. 

Errand.     A  commission  to  carry  another's  message. 


Abolishment.     The  act  of  doing  away  with,  as  of  slavery 

Abolition.     An  annulling. 

Abrogation.     Act  of  annulling  by  authority. 

Annulment.     The  act  of  making  void. 

Cancel.     The  striking  out  of  worthless  printed  matter. 

Canceling,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Congl  [F.].     The  act  of  taking  leave. 

Countermand.     Revocation  of  a  former  order. 

Counter-order.     A  contradictory  order. 

Deconsecration.     A  deprivation  of  sacredness. 

Defeasance.     The  act  of  rendering  null. 

Demission.     Resignation  of  an  office.     • 

Deposal.     Removal  from  office  or  throne. 

Deposition.     Removal  from  office. 

Dethronement.     Removal  from  regal  power. 

Disendowment.     A  depriving  of  endowments. 

Disestablishment.     Act  of  overthrowing  or  unsettling. 

Dismissal.     A  sending  away. 

Dissolution.     The  breaking  up  of  a  body  into  parts. 


COMMISSION— ABROGATION. 


182 


COMMISSION— ABROGATION. 


COMMISSION— ABROGATION— Continued. 


Inauguration.     The  ceremony  of  inducting  into  public  office. 
Installation.     The  act  or  ceremony  of  inducting  into  office. 
Investiture.    The  ceremony  of  presenting  the  symbols  of  some  office. 
Mission.     The  office  of  a  messenger  or  agent. 
Nomination.     A  naming  for  an  office. 

The  rite  of  admitting  to  the  Christian  ministry. 
The  management  of  another's  business. 


■  The  office  of  regent;  vicarious  government. 


Ordination. 

Procuration 

Regency. 

Regentship. 

Return.     A  passing  back  into  possession. 

Vicegerency.     The  office  of  a  delegated  authority. 

Commission — Nouns  of  Instrutnent. 

Charter.     A  written  evidence  of  things  done,  or  power  granted. 

Diploma.     A  writing  conferring  some  privilege,  honor,  or  power. 

Exequatur.  A  written  recognition  by  a  government  to  a  consul 
authorizing  him  to  exercise  his  power  in  the  place  to  which  he  is 
assigned. 

Permit.     A  written  license  or  permission. 

Power  of  attorney.  A  written  authority  from  one  person  empower- 
ing him  to  transact  business  for  another. 

Commission — Nouns  of  Agent. 

'Consignee.     A  person  to  whom  goods  are  consigned. 
Deputy.     One  who  acts  for  another. 

A  person  or  persons  sent  as  envoys. 

A  diplomatic  minister  and  his  suite. 
A  governor  who  rules  in  the  name  of  a  sovereign. 


Embassy. 
Legation. 
Viceroy. 

Chief. 


See 


Commission—  Verbs. 


Accredit.     To  invest  with  authority 

Appoint.     To  commission;  to  delegate. 

Assign.     To  give  a  certain  work  to  perform. 

Authorize,  etc.     See  Leave. 

Be  accredited.    See  Accredit. 

Be  commissioned.     See  Commission. 

Bespeak.     To  arrange  for  beforehand. 

Charge.     To  entrust;  to  commission. 

Commission.     To  grant  authority  to  act. 

Commit.     To  put  in  charge  of. 

Commit  to  the  hands  of.     Hand  over  to  the  care  of. 

Consign.     To  give  to  the  care  of. 

Crown.     To  invest  with  regal  powers. 

Delegate.     To  empower;  to  authorize. 

Depute.     To  appoint  as  assistant. 

Employ.     To  have  in  service. 

Empower.     To  give  power  to  act. 

Engage.     To  place  under  obligation. 

Enlist.     To  secure  the  services  of. 

Enroll.     To  record  as  a  member. 

Entrust.     To  commit  with  confidence. 

Hire.     To  give  employment. 

Inaugurate.     To  invest  with  an  office. 

Induct.     To  put  formally  into  possession. 

Install.     The  ceremony  of  taking  office. 

Intrust.     To  deliver  in  trust;  to  confide. 

Invest.     To  clothe  with  authority. 

Name.     To  appoint;  to  choose  to  supervise. 

Nominate.     To  entitle. 

Ordain.     To  set  apart  for  an  office. 

Place  over.  j  Qiven  authoritv  to. 

Put  in  command.  > 

Represent.     To  act  as  proxy  for  another. 

Return.     To  regain  possession  of. 

Send  out.     To  delegate. 

Set  over.     To  appoint. 

Stand  for. 

Stand  in  the  place  or.  I  Act  a9  deputy  for. 

Stand  in  the  shoes  -* 

Stand  in  the  stead 


a}- 

of  J 


Commissioned,  etc. 


Commission — -Adjectives. 
See  Verbs 


ABROGATION — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Functus  officio  [L.].     Having  performed  his  office  or  duty;   hence, 
out  of  office. 

Abrogation — Interjections. 

Awaywithl  begone!  get  along  with  you  I  go  about  your  business! 


Nullification.     Act  of  declaring  null  and  void. 

Recantation,  etc.     See  Bigotry-Apostasy. 

Repeal.     An  annulment. 

Repudiation.     The  act  of  refusing  to  pay  a  legally  contracted  debt 

Rescission.     The  act  of  abrogating,  rescinding. 

Retractation.     Act  of  withdrawing  something  advanced. 

Revocation.     A  recalling. 

Revokement.     Act  of  recalling  or  repealing. 

Abrogation — Verbs, 
Abolish.     To  do  away  with. 
Abrogate.     To  repeal  with  authority. 
Annul.     To  make  void. 
Be  abrogated.     See  Abrogate. 
Break.     To  sever  relations. 
Break  off.     To  become  separated  by  violence. 
Brush  away.     To  remove  as  by  a  brush. 
Cancel.     To  mark  out  by  cross  lines,  latticework. 
Cast  adrift.     To  let  float  at  random. 
Cast  aside.     To  reject. 
Cast  away.     To  throw  away. 
Cast  behind.     To  let  perish. 
Cast  off.     To  free  oneself  from. 
Cast  out.     To  expel. 

Cast  out  of  doors.      Expel  from  the  house. 
Countermand.'     To  cancel;  to  recall. 
Counter-order.     To  order  in. 
Declare  null  and  void.     Annul. 
Deconsecrate.     To  secularize. 
Depose.     To  deprive  of  powers. 
Dethrone.     To  take  away  the  throne. 
Disannul.     To  render  of  no  effect. 
Disbar.     To  expel  from  the  legal  profession. 
Disbench.     To  drive  from  the  bench. 
Discard.     To  turn  down. 
Discharge.     To  send  away. 
Disclaim,  etc.     See  Assertion-Denial. 
Disendow.     To  deprive  of  one's  natural  powers. 
Disenthrone.     To  depose  from  sovereign  authority. 
Disestablish.     To  deprive  of  fixed  state  or  condition. 
Dismiss.     To  send  away. 

Dissolve.     To  separate  a  body  into  minute  particles. 
Divest  oneself .     To  strip;  to  dispossess. 
Do  away  with.     Abrogate. 
Get  rid  of,  etc.     See  Admission-Expulsion. 
Ignore.     Refuse  to  recognize. 
Nullify.     To  revoke;  to  render  invalid. 
Oust.     To  eject;  to  turn  out. 
Override.     To  suppress;  to  destroy. 
Overrule.     To  control  by  superior  power. 
Quash.     To  set  aside;  annul. 
Recall.     To  revoke. 

Recant,  etc.     See  Bigotry-Apostasy. 

Receive  its  quietus.     To  be  brought  to  silence. 

Repeal.     To  revoke. 

Repudiate.     To  renounce;  to  have  nothing  to  do  with. 

Rescind.     To  abrogate. 

Retract.     To  withdraw  from;  to  take  back. 

Reverse.     To  make  void;  to  revoke. 

Scatter  to  the  winds.     Dissolve. 

Send  about  one's  business. "j 

Send  away.  >  Dismiss. 

Send  off.  ) 

Set  aside.     To  ignore. 

Strike  off  the  roll.     Dismiss;  disbar. 

Sweep  away.     To  put  out  of  the  way. 

Throw  overboard.  }  Get  rid  o£. 

Throw  to  the  dogs.) 

Turn  adrift.     Send  off. 

Turn  aside.     Move  away. 

Turn  away. 

Turn  off. 

Turn  »ut. 

Turn  out  of  doors. 

Uncrown.     To  take  away  the  crown. 

Unfrock.     To  deprive  of  priestly  character. 

Unsaddle.     To  take  away  the  saddle ;  to  disarm. 

Unseat.     To  deprive  of  office. 

Unthrone.     Dethrone. 

Abrogation — Adjectives, 
Abrogated,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

(Continued  on  Column  I J 


J" 


ischarge. 


COMMISSION— RETIREMENT.  183 

COMMISSION— RETIREMENT. 


COMMUNIST. 


Retirement. 

Abdication.     The  act  of  giving  up  (as  sovereign  power)  voluntarily. 
A'ujuration.     The  act  of  disavowing  what  one  has  had  connection 

with. 
Renunciation.     The  act  of  refusing  to  acknowledge  longer. 
Resignation.     The  act  of  formally  giving  back  a  trust. 
Retirement.     Withdrawal  from  active  service. 

Retirement — Verbs. 

Abjure.     To  disavow  what  one  has  had  connection  with. 

Abrogate,  etc      See  Commission-Abrogation. 

Accept  the  stewardship  of  the  Chiltern  Hundreds.  To  effect  a  virtual 
resignation  from  the  House  of  Commons. 

Deny,  etc.     To  refuse  to  give,  etc.     See  Assertion-Denial. 

Desert,  etc.  To  forsake  in  violation  of  duty,  etc.  See  Quest- 
Abandonment. 

Disclaim.     To  deny  ownership,  merit,  or  pretension. 

Forego.     To  refrain  from  doing  or  enjoying. 

Get  rid  of,  etc.     See  Quest-Abandonment. 

Give  up.     To  desist  from ;  to  abandon  or  surrender. 


Lay  down.     To  resign. 

Renounce.     To  refuse  to  acknowledge  any  longer. 

Resign.     To  give  back  a  trust  formally. 

Retire.     To  withdraw  from  active  service. 

Retract.     To  declare  to  be  false,  as  one's  own  teaching,  accusation, 

etc. 
Tender  one's  resignation.     Offer  a  resignation. 
Throw  up.     To  relinquish,  as  a  situation. 
Throw  up  the  cards.     To  quit;  resign. 
Vacate.     To  cease  from  filling  or  occupying. 
Vacate  one's  seat.     Retire  from  one's  seat. 
Wash  one's  hands  of.     To  have  nothing  more  to  do  with. 

Retirement — Adjective. 
Abdicant.     Pertaining  to  one  who  abdicates. 

Retirement — Phrase. 
"Othello's  occupation's  gone."     [Shakespeare,  Otliello,  III,  iii.J 


com-mis"-sion-aire'.  A  messenger.  Consignee,  Mes- 
senger, Representative. 

com-mis'-sioned.  Appointed.  Commission-Abroga- 
tion. 

com-mis'-sion-er.    A  governmental  head.    Consignee. 

com'-mis-sure .    A  junction.    Union-Disunion. 

commis-voyageur  [F.]  (co-mi"-vwa-ya-zhur') .  A  com- 
mercial traveler.      Consignee. 

com-mit'.  To  pledge;  to  consign  to  another;  to  be 
guilty  of.  Action-Passiveness,  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Litigation,  Release-Restraint;  com- 
mit an  absurdity,  Society-Ludicrousness;  commit 
oneself,  Engagement-Release,  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness;  commit  oneself  to  a  course,  Choice-Neu- 
trality; commit  sin,  Virtue-Vice;  commit  to 
memory,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  commit 
to  prison,  Release-Restraint;  commit  to  the 
flames,  Heating-Cooling;  commit  to  writing,  Mark- 
Obliteration. 

com-mit'-tal.    Warrant  for  imprisonment.    Litigation. 

com-mit'-tee.  A  person  or  persons  appointed  for  a 
purpose.  Consignee,  President-Member,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness  ;  committee  of  the  whole,  President- 
Member. 

corn-mix'.     To  intermix.     Mixture-Homogeneity. 

com-mix'-tion.    Mixture.    Mixture-Homogeneity. 

com-mix'-ture.     Mixture.     Mixture-Homogeneity. 

com-mode'.  A  washstand;  a  night-stool.  Contents- 
Receiver. 

com-mo'-di-ous.    Suitable.  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

com-mod'-i-ty.     Articles.     Merchandise. 

com'-mo-dore.    A  naval  officer.    Chief-Underling. 

com'-mon.  Commonplace;  land;  universal;  frequent 
or  usual.  Astonishment-Expectance,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Conventionality-Uncon- 

VENTIONALITY,  GeNTILITY-DeMOCRACY,  GuLF-PlAIN, 

Habit-Desuetude;  common  consent,  Assent-Dis- 
sent; common  course,  Habit-Desuetude;  common 
herd,  Gentility-Democracy;  common  law,  Law- 
Lawlessness,  Novelty-Antiquity;  common  meas- 
ure, Number;  common  origin,  Cause-Effect;  com- 
mon parlance,  Simplicity-Floridness;  common- 
place book,  Digest,  Mark-Obliteration;  common 
saying,  Adage-Nonsense;  common  sense,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity;  common  sewer,  Cleanness-Filthiness; 
common  stock,  Participation;  commonweal,  Good- 
Evil,  Humanitarianism-Misanthropy,  Humanity, 
Usefulness-Uselessness;  in  common,  Connec- 
tion-Independence, Participation;  make  common 
cause,  Antagonism-Concurrence  ;  right  of  common, 
Property;  tenant  in  common,  Participation. 


com'-mon-al-ty.  The  lower  classes.  Gentility-De- 
mocracy, Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

com'-mon-er.  Any  of  the  commonalty.  Gentility- 
Democracy,  President-Member. 

com'-mon-ly.     Generally.     Frequency-Rarity. 

com'-mon  me'-ter.     Kind  of  stanza.     Rhetoric. 

com'-mon  noun.    Name  of  each  of  a  kind.     Noun. 

com'-mon-place" .  Trite.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Habit -Desuetude,  Knowledge -Igno- 
rance, Medium,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

Com'-mon  Pleas.  Ordinary  courts  of  justice.  Court  of 
Common  Pleas,  Tribunal. 

com'-mons.     Rations.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

com'-mon- wealth".     A  state.     Humanity. 

com'-mon  year.     Year  of  365  days.    Measure. 

com'-mor-ant.    A  dwelling.     Dweller-Habitation. 

com-mo'-tion.  Excitement.  Agitation,  Variance- 
Accord. 

Com'-mune  of  Pa'-ris.  Communists  of  Paris,  187 1; 
revolutionary  committee  of  Paris,  1789-94.  Tyr- 
anny-Anarchy. 1 

com-mune'  with.  To  converse  with.  Conversation- 
Monologue;  commune  with  oneself,  Reflection- 
Vacancy. 

communibus  annis  [L.]  (com-miu'-ni-bus  an'-nis). 
Common  years.     Medium. 

com-mu'-ni-ca-ble.  Capable  of  being  imparted.  Giv- 
ing-Receiving. 

com-mu'-ni-cant.  A  partaker  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 
Devotion-Idolatry. 

com-mu'-ni-cate.  To  make  known;  to  be  connected; 
to  give  or  receive  communion.  Ceremonial,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Giving- Receiving. 

com-mu"-ni-ca'-tion.  A  letter.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Giving-Receiving,  Tidings-Mystery, 
Union-Disunion;  oral  communication,  Conversa- 
tion-Monologue, Speech-Inarticulateness. 

com-mu'-ni-ca-tive-ness.  Tendency  to  talk.  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy. 

com-mu'-ni-ca-to-ry.  Talkative.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 

com-mu'-nion.  Fellowship.  Association,  Ceremo- 
nial, Friability,  Participation;  communiontable, 
Fane;  hold  communion  table,  Amity-Hostility. 

communiquer  [F.]  (co-mu-ni-ke') .  To  communicate. 
Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

com'-mu-nism.  A  sharing  in  common.  Humani- 
tarianism-Misanthropy, Merchandise,  Tyranny- 
Anarchy. 

com'-mu-nist.  One  advocating  communism.  Benefac- 
tor -  Evildoer,    Humanitarianism  -  Misanthropy, 


COMMUNIST. 


184 


COMPACT. 


Insubordination-Obedience,  Participation,  Tyr- 
anny-Anarchy. 

com'.'-mu-nis'-tic.  Shared  in  common.  Participa- 
tion, Tyranny-Anarchy. 

com-mu'-ni-ty.     A  body  politic.     Association.  Hu- 


manity, Participation;  community  at  large,  Hu- 
manity; community  of  good,  Participation. 
com"-mu-ta'-tion.    A  substitution,  a  reduction.    Com- 
mutation-Permutation, Composition,  Exchange, 
Uniformity-Multiformity. 


COMMUTATION— PERMUTATION. 


Commutation.     Change  of  one  kind  of  payment,  service,  or  penalty 

for  another 
Substitution.     Replacement  of  one  thing  by  another. 
Supersession.     Act  of  displacing. 
Supplanting,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Commutation — Denotations. 
Alternative.      Something  which  may  be  done  or  taken  instead  of 

something  else. 
Changeling.     An  ill-favored  child  substituted  by  the  fairies  for  a 

better  favored  one  stolen. 
Consideration.     Something  given  in  return  for  services. 
Double.     A  person  closely  resembling  another. 
Dummy.     An  object  resembling  something  else  superficially. 
Equivalent.     An  equal  in  value. 
Jury-mast.     A  mast  rigged  in  an  emergency. 
Locum  tenens  TL.].     Proxy. 
Makeshift.     Something  used  in  an  emergency. 
Metonymy.     A  figure  of  speech  in  which  an  object  is  named  by  one 

of  its  attributes. 
Palimpsest.     A  parchment  which  has  been  written  upon  twice. 
Pis  alter  [F."].     Last  or  worst  shift. 

Price.     That,  usually  money,  given  in  exchange  for  an  article. 
Purchase-money.     The  price. 
Quid  pro  quo  [L.].     One  thing  for  another. 
Representative.     A  person  whj  transacts  business  for  another. 
Scapegoat.     A  person  made  to  bear  the  fault  of  another.     [Bible.] 
Shift.     An  expedient. 
Stop-gap.     A  temporary  fixture. 

Substitute.     A  person  or  thing  taking  the  place  of  another. 
Succedaneum  [L.].     A  substitute. 
Warming-pan.     A  person  holding  office  until  the  intended  occupant 

is  ready  to  take  it. 

Commutation — Verbs. 
Borrow  of  Peter  to  pay  Paul.     To  take  from  one  needy  person  to  give 

to  another. 
Change  for.      Exchange. 
Commute.     To  change  one  kind  or  thing,  as  service,  or  payment,  for 

another,  usually  less  severe. 
Compound  for.     To  settle  or  discharge  for  less  than  the  sum  required. 
Cut  out.     To  supplant,  as  a  rival. 
Give  place  to.     Yield  to. 
Make  a  shift  with.     Get  along  with. 
Make  way  for.       Stand  aside. 
Put  in  the  place  of.     Replace. 
Put  up  with.     To  endure  submissively. 
Redeem.     To  regain  by  paying  a  price. 
Replace.     To  put  in  the  place  of  one  removed. 
Serve  as  a  substitute.     Act  for. 
Stand  in  the  shoes  of.     To  be  in  someone's  place. 
Step  into  the  shoes  of.     To  go  into  someone's  place. 
Substitute.     To  put  into  the  place  of  someone  or  something  else, 

often  temporarily. 
Supersede.     To  succeed  by  appointment. 
Supplant.     To  take  the  place  of  artfully  or  treacherously. 
Supply  the  place  of.     Take  the  place  of. 
Take  the  place  of.     Supplant. 

Commutation — Adjectives. 
Subdititious.     Secretly  put  in  the  place  of  something  else. 
Substituted,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Vicarious.     Made  or  performed  by  substitution. 

Commutation — Adverbs. 
Faute   de   mieux  [P.].     For  want  of  something  better. 
In  lieu  of. 


In  place  of. 
In  stead  of. 
In  the  room  of. 
In  the  stead. 


As  a  substitute  for. 


com- mute'.     To  give  or  accept  something  in  place  of 

something  else.    Composition. 
com-mu'-tu-al.    Reciprocal.     Interdependence. 


Barter,  etc.     See  Exchange. 

Castling.     Exchange  of  relative  position  by  a  king  and  a  castle  as  in 

chess. 
Commutation.     See  Commutation. 
Exchange.      Act  of  giving  one  thing  in  return  for  another  regarded 

as  its  equivalent. 
Interchange.     Act  of  putting  each  in  the  place  of  the  other;  mutual 

and  reciprocal  exchange. 

I  h  hi  1  Quality  or  state  of  being  interchangeable. 

Intermutation.     Mutual  interchange  of  elements. 
Permutation.     Act  of  making  a  mutual  transference. 
Quid  pro  quo  [L.].     One  thing  for  another. 
Reciprocation.     Mutual  giving  and  receiving. 
Shuffling.     Act  of  disordering,  as  at  cards. 
Tit  for  tat,  etc.     Like  for  like,  etc.     See  Reprisal. 
Transposition.     Act    of   reversing   the   order   of,   or   changing   the 
place  of. 

Permutation — Denotations. 

Battledore  and  shuttlecock.  A  game  played  with  a  bat  and  a  cork 
stuck  with  feathers. 

Cross-fire.     Lines  of  fire  crossing  each  other. 

Hocus-pocus.  A  juggler's  trick.  [Part  of  a  juggler's  formula,  in 
sham  Latin ;  imitative  of  the  priests  of  Rome  saying  hoc  est  cor- 
pus (this  is  the  body)  over  the  bread  of  the  eucharist.  Early 
17th  century.] 

Permutation — Verbs. 

Bandy.     To  exchange,  as  hot  words  or  blows. 

Change  hands.     Change  clasps. 

Commute.     See  Commutation. 

Counter-change.     To  cause  to  change  places,  or  take  an  opposite 

place. 
Exchange.     To  make  an  exchange.     See  Nouns. 
Give  and  take.     Interchange. 

Interchange.     To  make  an  interchange.     See  Nouns. 
Permute.     To  mutually  transfer. 

Play  at  battledore  and  shuttlecock.  }        make  interchanges. 

Play  at  puss  in  the  corner.  J 

Reciprocate.     To  give  and  receive  mutually,  as  feelings,  favors,  etc. 
Retaliate,  etc.     See  Reprisal. 

Return  the  compliment.     Do  to  another  what  he  has  done  to  you. 
Shuffle.     To  disorder,  as  in  cards. 
Swap.     To  trade. 
Transpose.     To  reverse  the  order  of,  or  to  change  the  place  of. 

Permutation — Adjectives. 

Communicate.     Ready  to  impart  or  talk. 

Interchangeable.     Capable  of  interchange. 

Interchanged,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Intercurrent.     Coming  among  or  between. 

Mutual.     Pertaining  to  what  naturally  exists  between  two  persona, 

as  regard  or  love. 
Reciprocal.     Given  in  return,  under  obligation,  or  as  a  result  of. 

Permutation — Adverbs. 

Backwards  and  forwards. 

By  turns.     Alternately. 

Each  in  his  turn. 

Every  one  in  his  turn. 

In  exchange. 

Mutatis  mutandis  [L.].     Things  necessary  having  been  changed. 

Turn  and  turn  about.     Alternately. 

Vice  versa  [L.].     The  terms  being  reversed. 

com'-pact.  A  covenant;  condensed;  solid;  made  up. 
Cohesion- Looseness,  Contract,  Enlargement- 
Diminution,      Enterprise,      Length-Shortness, 


COMPACT. 


185 


COMPASSION— RUTHLESSNESS. 


Solidity-Rarity,  Solitude-Company,  Terseness- 
Prolixity,  Union-Disunion. 

com-pact'-ness.  State  of  being  compact.  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution. 

compages  [L.]  (com-pe'-jiz).  A  union  of  parts.  Reg- 
ularity-Irregularity, Texture. 

com-pag"-i-na'-tion.  A  joining  together.  Union- 
Disunion. 

com-pan'-ion.  Comrade.  Friend-Foe,  Solitude- 
Company. 

com-pan'-ion-a-ble.     Sociable.     Sociability-Privacy. 

com-pan'-ion-ship.  State  of  being  a  company.  Dual- 
ity, Sociability-Privacy,  Solitude-Company. 

com'-pa-ny.  An  acting  class;  fellowship;  guests;  a 
fighting  body  of  men.  Acting,  Association,  Bel- 
ligerent, Gathering-Scattering,  Sociability- 
Privacy,  Solitude-Company;  bear  company,  Soli- 
tude-Company; in  company  with,  Solitude-Com- 
pany. 

com'-pa-ra-ble.  Similar.  Comparison,  Connection- 
Independence. 

com-par'-a-tive.  Relative;  expressing  a  greater  or 
lesser  degree  of  an  adjective.  Adjective,  Compari- 
son, Quantity-Measure;  comparative  anatomy, 
Zoology-Botany;  comparative  physiology,  Zool- 
ogy-Botany. 

corn-pare'.  To  liken.  Comparison;  compare  notes, 
Advice,  Comparison. 

com-par'-i-son.  A  comparing.  Adjective,  Compari- 
son, Connection-Independence. 

COMPARISON. 

Allegory.     An  extended  simile  with  the  words  of  comparison  left  out. 

Collation.     A  critical  comparison. 

Comparison.     The  act  of  examining  so  as  to  perceive  similarity  or 

dissimilarity. 
Contrast.     The  opposition  between  things  similar  in  some  respects. 
Identification.     The  act  of  declaring  and  recognizing  sameness. 
Simile.     A  comparison  introduced  by  such  words  of  comparison,  as 

like,  as,  etc. 
Similitude.     Likeness;  simile. 

Com  parison —  Verbs. 
Balance.     To  weigh  in  the  mind  by  comparison. 
Collate.     To  compare  critically. 


Compare  notes.     To  make  comparisons. 

Compare  to.  Consider  a  person  or  thing  in  connection  with  another 
which  we  think  it  resembles. 

Compare  with.  Consider  a  person  or  thing  in  connection  with 
another  to  note  agreement  or  difference. 

Confront.     To  compare. 

Contrast.     To  place  or  represent  in  comparison. 

Draw  a  parallel  to.     To  produce  something  similar 

Identify.     To  declare  or  recognize  to  be  the  same. 

Institute  a  comparison.     To  begin  to  compare. 

Parallel.     To  place  in  comparison  with. 

Parva  componere  magnis  [L.].  To  compare  small  things  with 
great. 

Pit  against  one  another.     To  match  in  a  contest. 

Place  side  by  side,  etc.  To  parallel,  etc.  See  Remoteness-Near- 
ness. 

Set  against  one  another.     To  put  in  contrast. 

Comparison — Adjectives. 

Comparable.     That  may  be  compared. 

Comparative.     Pertaining  to,  resulting  from,  or  making  use  of  com- 
parisons. 
Compared  with.     Put  into  contrast  with. 
Metaphorical,  etc.     Figurative,  etc.     See  Trope. 

Comparison — Adverbs. 

As  compared  with.     Comparatively. 

Relatively,  etc.     In  a  relative  manner,  etc.     See  Connection. 

com"-par-ti'-tion.    A  division.    Union-Disunion. 

com-part'-ment.  A  separate  section.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Extension-District,  Extension-Place, 
Whole-Part. 

com'-pass.  Reach;  circuit;  an  instrument;  due  limits. 
Completion-  Noncompletion,  Environment-In- 
terposition, Extension-District,  Management, 
Mensuration,  Purpose-Luck;  box  the  compass, 
Aim-Aberration,  Revolution-Evolution;  com- 
pass about,  Confinement;  compass  of  thought,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity; in  a  small  compass,  Greatness- 
Littleness;  keep  within  compass,  Generosity- 
Frugality,  Transcursion-Shortcoming,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness; points  of  compass,  Laterality- 
Contraposition. 

com-pas'-sion.  Commiseration.  Compassion-Ruth- 
lessness,  Harshness-Mildness;  objects  of  compas- 
sion, Pleasure-Pain. 


COMPASSION— RUTHLESSNESS. 


Bowels.     Tenderness;  compassion. 

Bowels  of  compassion.     Compassion. 

Charity.     Universal  benevolence;  Christian  love. 

Clemency.     Mildness  of  temper  or  disposition. 

Commiseration.     A  feeling  of  pity  or  compassion  for. 

Compassion.     A  sense  of  sorrow  for  the  unfortunate  and  distressed. 

Fellow-feeling.     Sympathy. 

Forbearance.  Abstaining  from  retaliation  or  revenge;  indulgence 
towards  offenders. 

Grace.     The  unmerited  love  and  favor  of  God. 

Humanity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  humane. 

Leniency,  etc.  The  state  of  being  lenient,  etc.  See  Harshness- 
Mildness. 

Long-suffering.     Patience  under  offense. 

Mercy.  Kind  or  compassionate  treatment  of  the  unfortunate  and 
helpless. 

Pity.  A  feeling  of  sorrow  or  compassion  awakened  by  the  sufferings 
or  distresses  of  others. 

Quarter.     Clemency  shown  to  an  enemy. 

Ruth.     Sorrow  for  the  distress  of  others. 

Sympathy.     A  fellow-feeling  for  others  in  their  joys  or  sorrows. 

Tenderness.     The  quality  of  being  tender  or  kind. 

Yearning.     Affection ;   tenderness. 

Compassion — Noun  of  Agent. 
Sympathizer.     One  who  sympathizes. 

Compassion — Noun  of  Place. 
Locus  penitentice  [L.].     The  place  of  repentance. 


Inclemency.     Lack  of  mildness  of  temper,  un mercifulness. 

Malevolence,  etc.  Disposition  to  injure  others,  etc.  See  Chari- 
tableness-Malevolence. 

Pitilessness.     The  state  of  being  without  pity. 

Severity,  etc.  The  state  of  being  severe  or  strict;  inclemency,  etc. 
See  Harshness. 

Ruthlessness — Verbs. 


Give  no  quarter.  See  Nouns. 
Have  no  mercy.  Sec  Nouns. 
Shut  the  gates  of  mercy,  etc. 


See  Compassion. 


Ruthlessness — Adjectives. 

Bowelless.     Having  no  pity. 

Cruel,  etc.     Disposed  to  inflict  pain  or  suffering;    merciless,  e*c 

See  Charitableness-Malevolence. 
Harsh,  etc.     Crabbed;  abusive,  etc.     See  Harshness. 
Inclement.     Wanting  in  a  kind  and  gentle  temper. 
Incompassionate.     Destitute  of  pity  or  tenderness. 
Inexorable.      That  cannot    be  moved  by  entreaty  or  prayer;   tra* 

yielding. 
Merciless.     Without  mercy;  cruel. 
Pitiless.     Destitute  of  pity. 
Ruthless.     Void  of  ruth;  pitiless. 
Uncompassionate.     Not  compassionate. 
Unmerciful.     Not  merciful. 
Unpitying.      Not  pitying. 
Unrelenting,  etc.     See  Pardon-Vindictiyenkss. 


COMPASSION. 


186 


COMPENSATION. 


COMPASSION—  Continued. 

Compassion — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Argumentum  ad  misericordiam  [L.|      An  argument  appealing  to  the        Melting  mood.     A  compassionate  frame  of  mind, 
sympathies. 

Compassion — Verbs. 


Ask  for  mercy.     See  Nouns. 

Beg  one's  life.     Pray  for  quarter. 

Be  sorry  for.     Regret ;  have  pity. 

Commiserate.     To  sympathize  with  in  distress  or  misery. 

Compassionate.     To  have  compassion  for. 

Condole,  etc.     To  grieve  with  another  in  distress  or  sorrow,  etc. 

See  Condolence. 
Cry  for  quarter,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Deprecate.     To  desire  or  pray  for  the  removal  of  a  present  evil. 
Disarm.     To  render  harmless. 
Enter  into  the  feelings  of.     Sympathize  with. 
Excite  pity,  etc.     See  Nouns. 
Feel  for.     Sympathize  with. 
Forbear.     To  treat  with  indulgence. 
Give   a  coup   de   gr&ce.       To  give  a   finishing  stroke;  to  end  the 

misery   of. 
Give  quarter.     See  Nouns. 
Have  pity.     See  Nouns. 

Kneel.     To  bend  the  knee,  especially  in  the  act  of  worship. 
Melt.     To  become  tender  or  gentle. 

Compassion 

Clement.     Gentle  in  temper  and  disposition. 

Compassionate.     Full  of  compassion. 

Exorable.     That  may  be  moved  by  pity. 

Forbearing.     See  Verbs. 

Humane.     Kind;  compassionate. 

Humanitarian,  etc.     Benevolent,  etc.     See  Humanitarianism. 

Lenient,  etc.     Clement;  merciful,  etc.     See  Harshness-Mildness. 

Melting.     See  Verbs. 

Merciful.     Having  mercy. 

Pitiful.     Having  pity;  tender-hearted. 

Pitying,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Compassion — Interjections. 

Cry  you  mercy!    For  pity's  sake!     God  help  you!     Have  mercy  I     Mercy!     Poor  dearl     Poor  fellow!     Poor  thing 

Compassion — Phrases. 
Haud  ignara  malt,  miseris  succurrere  disco  LL-J.     Not  ignorant  of        Quis  talia  fando  femperet  a  lacrimis  /  [L.J 


Melt  the  heart.     Soften  the  heart. 

Parcere  subjectis  [L.].     To  spare  the  conquered. 

Pity.     To  have  compassion  for,  or  sympathy  with,  one  in  misery  or 

distress.     [Pity  is  from  piety.} 
Propitiate.     To  appease  or  conciliate. 

Put  out  of  one's  misery.     To  end  the  life  of  one  who  is  suffering. 
Raise  pity.     See  Nouns. 
Relax.     To  become  less  rigorous. 
Relent.     To  feel  compassion. 
Show  pity.     See  Nouns. 
Soften.     To  mitigate;  to  assuage. 

Supplicate,  etc.     To  ask  earnestly  for,  etc.     See  Petition. 
Sympathize.     To  have  common  feelings  with  others. 
Take  pity.     See  Nouns. 
Thaw.     Fig.:  To  grow  gentle. 
Touch.     To  affect  with  tender  feeling. 
Weep.     To  lament  or  bewail. 
Wipe  the  tears.     Console. 
Yearn  for.     To  have  a  great  uneasiness  of  feeling  for, 

— Adjectives. 

Ruthful.     Tender;  pitiful. 

Soft.     Tender;  sympathetic. 

Soft-hearted.     Having  tenderness  of  heart. 

Sympathetic.     Inclined  to,  or  produced  by,  sympathy. 

Tender.     Mild;  gentle. 

Tender  as  a  chicken.  \  —     ..  . 

«,      .      .  .  f  Easily  moved. 

Tender-hearted.  )  J 

Touched.     See  Verbs. 

TJnhardened.     Not  hardened  or  morally  depraved. 

Weak.     Clement. 


misfortune,  I  learn  to  succor  the  unfortunate.     [Mneid,  I,  630. | 
One's  heart  bleeding  for. 


things,  can  refrain  from  tears! 
Woe  betide  1 


Who,  in  relating  such 
[Virgil,  JEneid,  II.6.J 


Merciful.     Compassion-Ruthless- 
Harmony-Discord, 


com-pas'-sion-ate. 

NESS. 

com-pat"-i-bil'-i-ty.     Congruity. 
Possibility-Impossibility. 

com-pat'-i-ble.  Congruous.  Harmony-Discord,  Pos- 
sibility-Impossibility. 

com-pa'-tri-ot.  A  fellow  citizen.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion, Friend-Foe. 

corn-peer'.  An  equal.  Equality-Inequality,  Friend- 
Foe. 

corn-pel'.  To  coerce.  Coercion,  Might-Impotence, 
Volition-Obligation. 

com"-pel-la'-tion.     Appellation.     Name-Misnombr. 

com-pelled' .     Forced.     Coercion. 

com-pel'-ling.     Forcing.     Coercion. 

com'-pend.     Abridgment.     Digest. 

com-pen'-di-ous.  Succinct.  Digest,  Length-Short- 
ness, Terseness-Prolixity. 

com-pen'-di-um.  An  abstract.  Digest,  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution. 

com'-pen-sate.  To  make  amends  for.  Compensation, 
Recompense-Punition. 

com"-pen-sa'-tion.  Payment.  Atonement,  Compen- 
sation, Composition,  Recompense-Punition,  Re- 
prisal-Resistance. 

COMPENSATION. 

Amends,  etc.     Satisfaction  given  for  wrong  done,  etc.    See  Atone- 
ment . 
Casting-weight      Make-weight. 


Commutation.     The  reduction  or  change  of  a  penalty. 

Compensation.     A  return  for  service  done. 

Compromise,  etc.     Settling  by  mutual  concessions,  etc.     See  Com- 
position. 

Counteraction,  etc.     Action  in  an  opposite  direction,  etc.     See  An- 
tagonism. 

Counterpoise.     Counterbalance. 

Equalization,  etc.     The  act  of  making  equal,  etc.     See  Equality. 

Equation.     A  proposition  expressing  the  equality  of  two  quantities. 

Equivalent.     That  which  is  the  same  in  value,  etc. 

Indemnification.     The  act  of  compensating  for  damages. 

Indemnity.     The  amount  paid  in  compensation  for  damages. 

Make-weight.      Something  thrown    into  the  scale   to   make  good 
weight. 

Measure  for  measure.     Like  for  like ;  expedient  for  expedient. 

Neutralization.     The  process  of  making  inactive. 

Nullification.     The  act  of  making  of  no  effect. 

Offset.     Something  given  in  exchange. 

Quid  pro  quo  [L.|J.     Something  for  something. 

Reaction.     Tendency  toward  a  former  state. 

Retaliation,  etc.     The  act  of  returning  an  injury,  etc.     See  Reprisal. 

Robbing  Peter  to  pay  Paul.     Taking  from  one  whose  necessity  is  as 
great  as  the  person  who  receives. 

Set-off.     Offset. 

Compensation — Denotations. 

Ballast.     That  which  gives  uprightness  or  security. 

Bribe.     A  price  given  with  the  object  of  perverting  the  judgment 

of  a  person. 
Hushmoney.     Money  paid  for  keeping  a  thing  secret. 

Compensation — Verbs. 
Balance.     To  pay  the  difference  between  the  debit  and  credit  side* 

of  an  account. 
Compensate.     To  make  return  for  services. 


COMPENSATION. 


187 


COMPLETION— NONCOMPLETION. 


Compense.     To  compensate. 
Counteract.     To  hinder. 
Counterbalance.     Offset. 

Sunter^il8'  I To  set  an  equal  force  against- 

Cover.     To  restore  to  the  treasury. 

Equalize,  etc.     To  make  equal,  etc.     See  Equality. 

Hedge.     To  bet  on  both  sides  so  as  to  escape  loss. 

Indemnify.     To  make  compensation  for  damages. 

Neutralize.     To  make  neutral. 

Nullify.     To  make  null. 

Outbalance.    1™         .  ,    , 

Overbalance,  j  To  weIgh  down. 

Redeem,  etc.     To  pay  off,  etc.     See  Atonement. 
Square.     Settle. 

Compensation — Verbal  Expressions. 

Fill  up;  give  and  take;  make  compensation ;  make  good,  make  com- 
pensation for;  make  up  for;  make  up  leeway,  to  make  up  for  lost 
time;   set  off,  to  reckon  against. 

Compensation— Adjectives. 

Compensator?! }  Serving  to  make  c°mPe™ation. 

Countervailing,  etc.     Opposing  with  a  force  equal  to  the  opponent's, 

etc.     See  Verbs. 
Equivalent,  etc.     Of  the  same  value,  etc.     See  Equality. 
In  the  opposite  scale.     In  the  balance. 

Compensation — Adverbs, 
Albeit.     Even  though. 
Although.      Notwithstanding. 
Howbeit.     Be  it  as  it  may. 
However.     By  whatever  means. 
Maugre  [F.].     In  spite  of. 
Nathless.      Nevertheless. 
Nevertheless.      None  the  less. 
Notwithstanding.      In  spite  of  the  fact. 
Still.     Notwithstanding. 
Though.     Notwithstanding  the  fact  that. 
Yet.     In  addition. 

Compensation — Adverbial  Expressions. 

After  all,  after  all  is  said  and  done,  nevertheless;  at  all  events,  at  any 
rate,  yet ;  be  that  as  it  may;  even  so;  for  all  that,  notwithstanding 
all  that;  however  that  may  be;  in  consideration;  in  return;  on 
the  other  hand ;  quand  metne  [F.],  even  though;  quoad  minus  [L.], 
none  the  less;  taking  one  thing  with  another,  etc.  (see  Medium). 


com-pen'-sa-to-ry.       Requiting.       Recompense-Puni- 

tion. 
com-pense'.    To  compensate.    Compensation. 


com'-pe-tence.  Ability;  means  of  livelihood.  Afflu« 
ence-Penury,  Enough,  Might-Impotence,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness. 

com'-pe-tent.     Qualified.     Enough,  Skill-Unskilful- 

NESS. 

com"-pe-ti'-tion.  Rivalry.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Strife-Peace. 

com-pet'-i-tive.  Pertaining  to  a  competition.  Antag- 
onism-Concurrence, Strife-Peace. 

com-pet'-i-tor.  One  who  competes.  Antagonist- 
Assistant,  Belligerent,  Petitioner. 

com"-pi-la'-tion.  A  collection.  Digest,  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Missive-Publication. 

com-pile'.     Compose.     Digest. 

com-pla'-cen-cy.  Satisfaction,  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness. 

com-pla'-cent.  Serene.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Contentedness-Discontentment,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness. • 

corn-plain'.    To  find  fault.    Jubilation-Lamentation. 

com-plaint'.  A  statement  of  wrong;  a  cause  of  wrong. 
Health-Sickness,  Jubilation-Lamentation;  lodge 
a  complaint,  Justification-Charge. 

com'-plai-sance".  Courtesy.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness. 

com'-plai-sant".  Affable.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Politeness-Impoliteness. 

com'-ple-ment.  An  addition.  Entirety-Deficiency, 
Increment-Remnant,  Number. 

com"-ple-men'-ta-ry  co'-lor.  An  accessory  color. 
Color-Achromatism,  Number. 

com-plete'.  To  finish  up.  Arrival-Departure,  Com- 
pletion-Noncompletion,  Contract,  Entirety-De- 
ficiency, Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Whole- 
Part;  complete  an  answer,  Proof-Disproof;  com- 
plete a  circle,  Circuition;  in  a  complete  circle,  Mag- 
nitude-Smallness. 

com-ple'-ted.  Finished.  Completion-Noncomple- 
tion. 

com-plete'-ly.  In  a  complete  manner.  Completion- 
Noncompletion,  Entirety-Deficiency. 

com-plete'-ness.  State  of  being  complete.  Arrival- 
Departure,  Completion-Noncompletion,  En- 
tirety-Deficiency, Mutability-Stability. 

com-ple'-ting.  Finishing.  Completion-Noncomple- 
tion, Entirety-Deficiency. 

com-ple'-tion.  Accomplishment.  Completion-Non- 
completion, Entirety-Deficiency. 


COMPLETION-NONCOMPLETION. 


Accomplishment.     Act  of  finishing  or  bringing  to  completion. 
Achievement.     Act  of  doing  or  finishing. 
Close.      Ending  or  termination.     See  Beginning-End. 
Completion.      The  getting  through  to  the  end. 
Conclusion.      Coming  to  the  close  or  last  part. 
Consummation.      Act  of  bringing  to  completion. 
Culmination.      Raising  to  the  highest  point  or  degree. 
Denouement  [F.J,      Event;  issue;  end. 

yy  .  "  f  The  finishing  up  of  a  business. 

Elaboration.      The  act  of  working  out  or  raising  to  a  higher  degree. 

Execution.      A  carrying  into  effect  or  completion,  as  of  a  sentence. 

Finale  [It.].      End. 

Finality.     State  of  being  finished  or  completed 

Finish.     The  result  of  completed  labor. 

Fulfilment.      Accomplishment;   completion. 

Issue.     Final  outcome  or  result. 

Performance.      Carrying  into  execution. 

Terminus.     The  end.      See  Arrival-Departure. 

Upshot.     The  result. 

Winding  up.      The  completion  or  close  of  a  work. 

Completion — Nouns  of  Means. 
Catastrophe.     A  final  event,  usually  of  a  disastrous  nature. 
Coping-stone.     The  highest  course  of  masonry  in  a  wall. 
Coup  de  grace  [F.].     The  death-blow. 


Incompleteness,  etc.     See  Entirety-Deficiency. 

Inexecution.     Failure  to  carry  out. 

Neglect,  etc.     See  Carefulness-Carelessness. 

Non-completion.     Incompletion. 

Non-fulfilment.     Neglect  to  fulfil. 

Non-performance .     Failure . 

Shortcoming.     Failing  to  attain. 

Noncompletion — Denotations. 

Drawn-battle.  \  A  contest  in  which  neither  party  secures  an  ad van- 
Drawn-game.  )      tage. 

Work  of  Penelope.     An  endless  task,  like  that  of  Penelope,  the  wife 
of  Ulysses. 

Noncompletion — Vtrbs. 

Be  slow  to.     To  hesitate ;  to  lag. 

Collapse,  etc.     See  Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

Do  things  by  halves.     To  do  partially. 

Fall  short  of,  etc.     See  Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

Hang  fire.     To  hold  in  suspense. 

Leave  undone.     Leave  unfinished. 

Leave  unfinished,  etc.     See  A  djectives. 

Let  alone.     Leave. 

Let  slip.     To  neglect;  to  cease  to  care  for. 

Lose  sight  of.     To  allow  to  drift. 


COMPLETION. 


188 


COMPLEXITY. 


COMPLETION— NONCOMPLETION— C<m!«'n.<«<i. 


COMPLETION — Nouns  of  Means — Continued. 

Crowning  of  the  edifice.     The  completion  of  a  building. 
Crowning  stroke,  j  ^  ^  WQrk 


Work  accomplished 
The  finishing  work. 


Crowning  touch. 

Fait  accompli  [F.]. 

Final  stroke. 

Final  touch. 

Finishing  stroke. 

Finishing  touch. 

Keystone.     The  highest  stone  in  an  arch. 

Last  finish,  i 

Last  stroke .  >  The  last  work  done  upon  anything. 

Last  touch.  ) 

Ne  plus  ultra  [L.].     No  more  beyond  (the  Pillars  of  Hercules)  ;  the 

highest  or  best. 
Superstructure.      Structure  used  in  building. 
Work  done.     The  finished  task. 

Completion — Verbs, 

Accomplish.     To  completely  fulfil  a  plan. 

Achieve.     To  work  to  a  conclusion. 

Attain  the  goal.     To  bring  to  completion,  or  reach  what  one  has 

striven  for  in  a  race. 
Be  as  good  as  one's  word.     To  fulfil  a  promise. 
Be  at  the  death,  etc.     See  Persistence. 
Bring  about.     To  bring  to  pass;  to  effect. 
Bring  through.      To  bring  to  a  successful  issue. 
Bring  to  a  close,  etc.     See  Beginning-End. 
Bring  to  a  head.     To  bring  to  a  climax. 
Bring  to  bear.     To  cause  to  have  influence. 
Bring  to  maturity.     To  bring  to  completion. 
Bring  to  pass.      Cause  to  happen. 
Bring  to  perfection.     Make  perfect. 
Cap.     To  crown;  to  mark  the  climax. 
Carry  into   effect.  % 

Carry  into  execution.  I  Ac  Ush. 

Carry  out. 

Carry  through.  ) 

Clinch.     To  make  conclusive. 
Complete.     To  finish;  to  perform  fully. 
Come  to  a  crisis.      To  arrive  at  the  critical  stage. 
Come  to  a  head.      To  come  to  a  climax. 
Come  to  its  end.      Close. 

Consummate.     To  bring  to  completion;  to  finish. 
Crown.     To  form  the  topmost  part  of. 
Crown  all.      To  put  on  the  finishing  touches. 
Culminate.     Attain  a  final  effect. 
Die  a  natural  death.     End  of  itself. 

Die  of  old  age.      Expire  on  account  of  the  weakness  of  great  age. 
Discharge.     To  liberate;  set  free. 
Dispatch.     To  complete  in  a  hurry. 
Dispose  of.     To  get  rid  of. 
Do.     Perform;  transact. 
Effect.     Bring  about;  to  accomplish. 
Effectuate.     To  achieve;  to  fulfil. 
Elaborate.     To  carry  out  with  labor  and  study. 
Enact.     To  pass,  as  a  law. 
Execute.     To  complete;  to  finish. 
Exhaust.     To  wear  out  the  force  of. 
Finish.     Conplete;   terminate. 
Finish  off.     To  round  out;  to  smooth. 
Fulfil.     To  perform;  to  complete. 
Get  in  the  harvest.      To  finish  the  harvest. 
Get  through.      To  come  to  the  end. 
Give  the  final  touch  to.      Perform  the  finishing  work. 
Go  the  whole    hog.      Do  all  the  work  or  none. 
Go  through.      Complete. 

Hammer  out.      To  shape  by  hard  intellectual  labor. 
Knock  off.      To  finish. 
Make.      To  produce;  to  bring  into  being. 
Make  short  work  of.     Finish  up  promptly. 
Not  do  by  halves.      Do  completely. 
Perfect.     To  consummate. 
Perform.     To  accomplish;  to  achieve. 


NONCOMPLETION— Verbs— Continued. 

Neglect,  etc.     See  Carefulness-Carelessness. 

Not  complete,  etc.     See  Completion. 

Scotch  the  snake,  not  to  kill  it.     To  wound  ilightly. 

Noncompletion — Adjectives. 
Going  on.     In  an  unfinished  state. 
Incomplete.     Lacking  fulness. 
In  hand.       I  ,  -     , 
In  progress. )  Under  way. 
In  one's  hands.     Not  finished. 
Not  completed,  etc.     See  Verbs, 
Proceeding.     Advancing. 

Sketchyaddle.     Confused;  wanting  the  power  to  progress. 
Unaccomplished.     Not  accomplished. 
Uncompleted.     Not  completed. 
Unexecuted.     Left  in  an  unfinished  state. 
Unfinished.     Not  done. 
Unperformed.     Not  performed. 


Re  infecta[h.}. 


Noncompletion — Adverb. 
The  business  being  unfinished. 


Finish  off. 


COMPLETION— Verbs— Continued. 

Play  out.     Exhaust;  to  consume  the  force  of. 

Polish  off.     To  put  on  the  finishing  touches. 

Put  in  force.      \  ~ 

t*   t  •  *•        f  Carry  out. 

Put  in  practise.  J 

Put  the  finishing  hand  to.| 

Put  the  last  hand  to. 

Reach.     See  Arrival. 

Reach  the  goal.     Reach  the  end. 

Realize.     To  effectuate. 

Ripen.     To  come  to  a  head. 

Run  its  course.  X  n         *.«.*.         j 

•n  ,  f  Come  to  the  end.  1 

Run  one  s  race. ) 

Seal.     To  designate  the  conclusion. 

Set  at  rest.     To  satisfy. 

Stamp.     To  attach  the  sign  of  completion;  to  label. 

Wind  up.     To  bring  to  a  close. 

Work  out.     To  solve ;  to  exhaust  the  vital  force  of. 

Completion — Adjectives. 
Completed,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Completing.     Being  in  the  state  of  completion. 
Concluding.     Drawing  to  an  end. 
Conclusive.     Decisive;  final. 
Crowning,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Done.     Completed;  finished. 
Done  for.     Used  up;  destroyed. 
Exhaustive.     Treating  thoroughly. 
Final.     Conclusive ;  allowing  no  appeal. 
Highly  wrought,  etc.     See  Preparation. 
Ripe,  etc.     See  Preparation. 
Thorough,  etc.     See  Entirety. 

Completion — Adverbs. 
Completely.     See  Entirety. 
Out  of  hand.     Promptly. 
To  crown  all.     To  cap. 

Completion — Phrases. 
Actum  est  [L.].     It  is  done. 

Aussttot  dit,  aussitot  fait  [F.].     No  sooner  said  than  done. 
Aut   non  tentaris  aut  perfice  [L.].     Either  do  not  attempt  or  els» 

achieve.     [Ovid,  Ars  Am.,  I,  389. |   , 
C'en  est  fait  [F.].     It  is  finished. 
Consummatum  est  [L.].     It  is  consummated. 

Cosa  ben  fatta  e  fatta  due  volte  [It.]     A  thing  well  done  is  twice  done. 
Finis  coronal  opus  [L.].     The  end  crowns  the  work. 
It  is  all  over;  the  bubble  has  burst;  the  game  is  played  out;  the  race 

is  run. 
Una  golondrina  no  hace  verano  [Sp.].     One  swallow  does  not  make 

a  summer. 


com  -plex".     Composite.     Fertility-Sterility,  Reg- 
ularity-Irregularity. 
com'-plexed".    Intricate.    Regularity-Irregularity. 
com-plex'-ion.     The  color  of  skin;  character;  aspect. 


Appearance-  Disappearance 
tism,  Condition-Situation. 
com-plex'-i-ty.    State  of  being  complex 
Irregularity. 


Color  -Achroma* 
Regularity- 


COMPLEXNESS. 


189 


COMPOSITION— RESOLUTION. 


COm-plex'-ness.  Complexity.  Regularity-Irregu- 
larity. 
com-pli'-ance.  Complaisance.  Consent,  Conven- 
tion ality-Unconventionality,  Insubordination- 
Obedience,  Observance-Nonobservance,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance. 

com-pli'-ant.  Obedient.  Insubordination-Obedi- 
ence. 

com'-pli-cate.  Complex.  Organization-Disorgan- 
ization. 

com'-pli-ca"-ted.  Complex;  interwoven.  Circle- 
Winding,  Difficulty-Facility,  Regularity-Ir- 
regularity. 

com"-pli-ca'-tion.  Complexity.  Regularity-Irreg- 
ularity. 

com'-plice.    An  associate.    Antagonist-Assistant. 

com-plic'-i-ty.    Participation.    Obstruction-Help. 

com'-pli-ment.  An  expression  of  admiration;  a  greet- 
ing. Approval-  Disapproval,  Increment -Rem- 
nant, Politeness-Impoliteness;  compliments  of 
the  season,  Felicitation;  poor  compliments,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval. 

com"-pli-men'-ta-ry.  Expressing  a  compliment.  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval. 

corn-plot'.     To  conspire.     Design. 

com-ply'.  To  consent;  obey.  Consent,  Conven- 
tion ality-Unconventionality,  Insubordination- 
Obedience,  Observance-Nonobservance,  Re- 
prisal-Resistance. 

com-ply'-ing.  Obeying.  Insubordination-Obedi- 
ence. 

com'-po.  Composition  of  plaster.  Cover-Lining, 
Materials. 

com-po'-nent.    Constituent.    Constituent-Alien. 

componere  lites  tnagnas  [L.].  (com-pon'-er-i  lai'-tiz 
mag'-nas).     To  settle  great  disputes.     Mediation. 

componere  lites,  tantas  [L.]  (com-pon'-er-i  lai'-tiz, 
tan'-tas).  To  settle  so  great  disputes.  Fighting- 
Conciliation. 

com-port'.  To  conduct  or  behave.  Comport  oneself, 
Conduct;  comport  with,  Harmony-Discord. 

com-port'-ment.     Behavior.     Conduct. 

compos    [L.]    (com'-pos).      Sound;    sane.    .  Saneness- 

LUNACY. 

com-pose'.  To  make  up;  to  calm;  to  adjust;  to  set 
type;  to  make  a  musical  work.  Constituent-Alien, 
Creation-Destruction,      Excitability-Inexcita- 


bility,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Heed-Disregard 
Inclusion-Omission,  Music,  Musician,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness, Writing-Printing. 

com-posed'.     Free  from  agitation.     Affections. 

com-po'-ser.  One  who  composes.  Melody-Disso- 
nance, Music,  Musician. 

com-po'-sing.    Reconciling.    Fighting-Conciliation. 

com-pos'-ite .  Compounded.  Mixture-Homogeneity, 
composite  capital,  Architecture;  composite  order, 
Architecture. 

com"-po-si'-tion.  A  compromise;  that  which  is  com- 
posed; the  act  of  composing.  Atonement,  Compo- 
sition, Composition-Resolution,  Delineation- 
Caricature,  Exchange,  Inclusion  -  Omission, 
Materials,  Music,  Rhetoric,  Style,  Writing- 
Printing. 

COMPOSITION. 

Commutation.     The  substitution  of  one  penalty  or  punishment  for 

another  of  less  severe  kind. 
Compensation,  etc.     The  act  of  paying  or  making  amends,  etc.    See 

Compensation. 
Composition.    A  union  of  two  materials  or  opinions  of  different  kinds. 
Compromise.     The  settlement  of  differences  by  mutual  concessions. 
Mezzo  termine  [It.].     The  middle  term 
Middle  term.     The  term  between  two  extremes. 

Composition — Verbs. 

Abide  by  arbitration.     To  submit  to  peaceful  settlement. 

Adjust.     To  arrange  suitably. 

Adjust  differences.     To  arrange  controversies. 

Agree.     To  come  into  a  state  of  harmony. 

Arrange.     To  adjust;  put  into  proper  order. 

Bridge  over.     To  get  over  a  difficulty  in  some  way. 

Come   to  terms,  etc.     To  make   suitable   arrangements,  etc.     See 

Contract. 
Commute.     To  put  one  thing  in  place  of  another. 
Compound.     To  mingle  different  substances. 
Compromise.     To  settle  by  mutual  concessions. 
Give  and  take.     To  make  a  mean  of  gain  and  loss. 
Make  the  best  of.  \  To  comply  with  a  thing  because  it  is 

Make  a  virtue  of  necessity./      necessary. 
Meet  half  way.     To  compromise;  settle  by  both  parties  making 

concessions. 
Patch  up.     To  repair. 

Split  the  difference.     To  make  a  compromise. 
Submit  to  arbitration.     To  abide  by  a  peaceful  settlement. 
Take  the  mean.     To  take  the  average. 
Take  the  will  for  the  deed.     Be  satisfied  with  the  intention. 


COMPOSITION— RESOLUTION. 


Absorption.  The  process  of  being  taken  up  into  the  mass  of  some- 
thing. 

Amalgamation.  The  process  of  uniting  with  mercury;  union  of 
races,  societies. 

Blending.     A  gradual  merging  of  things  into  each  other. 

Centralization.     Union  of  individual  societies  under  one  control. 

Coalescence.  Temporary  combination  of  persons  to  accomplish 
some  purpose. 

Combination.     Connection. 

Composition.    The  association  of  parts  with  design  and  in  proportion. 

Embodiment.      Process  of  collecting  into  a  whole. 

Fusion.     Coalescence;  melting. 

Impregnation.     Saturation. 

Incorporation.  Mixture  of  elements,  especially  of  drugs  with  a 
liquid  or  semi-liquid  to  give  a  certain  consistency. 

Junction.     A  coming  together. 

Mixture.     A  union  of  forces  not  joined  by  chemism.     See  Mixture. 

Unification.     The  process  of  bringing  together  into  one. 

Union.     A  junction  leaving  no  mark  of  identity  of  parts. 

Composition — Associated  Nouns. 

Amalgam.     An  alloy  of  a  metal  with  mercury. 
Compound.     A  number  of  substances  held  together  by  chemism. 
Resultant.     A  force  equal  to  a  combination  of  given  forces. 
Tertium  quid  [L.].      A  third  something;    a  supposed  intermediate 
substance  between  mind  and  matter. 


Analysis.     Resolution  of  a  thing  into  its  elements  by  a  person. 
Catalysis.     Change  wrought  in  a  chemical  by  an  agent  which  remains 

stable. 
Corruption.     Dissolution. 

Decomposition.     Process  of  resolving  a  compound  into  its  elements. 
Disjunction,  etc.     Separation,  etc.     See  Union-Disunion. 
Dispersion,  etc.     Separation  of  rays  of  light  of  different  colors  by  a 

prism,  etc.     See  Gathering-Scattering. 
Dissection.     A  cutting  to  pieces  for  examination. 
Dissolution.     Process  of  breaking  up  into  parts. 
Resolution.     Separation  into  component  parts. 

Resolution — Verbs. 

Analyze.     To  resolve  into  elements. 
Break  up.     To  separate  into  parts. 
Crumble  into  dust.     Fall  into  bits. 
Decentralize.     To  withdraw  from  the  center. 
Decompose.     To  undergo  dissolution. 

Decompound.     To  mix  compounds  to  form  other  compounds. 
Disembody.     To  separate  from  the  body. 

Disperse,    etc.     To    scatter;     to    separate,    etc.     See    Gathering- 
Scattering. 
Dissect.     To  cut  in  pieces  for  examination. 
Dissolve.     To  separate  into  component  parts. 
Electrolyze.     To  separate  by  the  action  of  electricity. 
Resolve  into  its  elements.     To  reduce  to  elementary  principles 


COMPOSITION. 


190 


CONCEIT. 


COMPOSITION— RESOLUTION— Continued. 


Composition — Scientific  Terms. 

Crasis.     A  contraction  of  two  vowels  into  one  long  vowel. 
Synthesis.     The  uniting  of  elements  to  form  a  compound;    com- 
position. 

Composition — Verbs. 

Absorb.     To  suck  up;  to  engross  completely. 

Amalgamate.     To  mix  or  blend  together. 

Blend.     To  unite  so  as  to  form  a  homogeneous  mass. 

Cement  a  union.     To  hold  together  firmly. 

Centralize.     To  bring  into  control  of  a  central  organization. 

Coalesce.     To  come  together  into  one. 

Combine.     To  bring  into  close  union. 

Consolidate.     To  unite  in  a  coherent  mass. 

Embody.     To  make  into  a  compact  form. 

Fuse.     To  unite  or  blend  by  melting. 

Impregnate.     To  infuse  with  another  substance. 

Incorporate.     To  join  with  something  else  so  as  to  form  a  harmonious 

mass. 
Lump  together.     To  heap  indiscriminately. 
Marry.     To  unite  in  matrimony. 
Melt  into  one.     To  blend  into  one. 


RESOLUTION— Verbs— Continued. 

Separate  into  its  elements.     To  take  to  pieces. 
Unravel.     To  separate  or  unmix  the  threads  of. 

Resolution — Adjectives. 
Analytical.     Resolving  into  first  principles  or  elements. 
Catalytic.     Relating  to  a  resolution  into  parts. 
Decomposed.     Resolved  from  existing  combinations. 


COMPOSITION— Verbs— Continued. 

Merge.     To  cause  the  identity  to  be  absorbed  into  something  else. 
Put  together.     To  unite  in  one. 
Reembody.     To  place  in  a  compact  mass. 
Unite.     To  join  together  to  form  a  whole. 


Composition- 
Combined.     Bound  together. 
Impregnated  with.     Filled  with. 
Ingrained.     Fixed  deeply. 
Synthetic.     Constructive. 


-Adjectives. 


com-pos'-i-tor.    A  typesetter.    Writing-Printing. 
com'-post.    A  fertilizing  mixture.    Cleanness-Filthi- 

ness. 
com-po'-sure.    Tranquillity.    Pleasurableness-Pain- 

FULNESS. 

com"-po-ta'-tion.       A    carouse.       Moderation-Self- 

INDULGENCE. 

corn-pound'.  To  mix  into  a  compound;  to  agree. 
Composition,  Composition-Resolution,  Mixture- 
Homogeneity;  compound  arithmetic,  Mensuration; 
compound  for,  Commutation-Permutation,  Ex- 
change; compound  noun,  Noun. 

com"-pra-dor'.     A  caterer.     Provision-Waste. 

com"-pre-hend'.  To  understand  fully;  to  include. 
Admission-Exclusion,  Clearness-Obscurity,  In- 
clusion-Omission, Knowledge-Ignorance. 

com"-pre-hen'-sion.  Full  understanding.  Admission- 
Exclusion,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Inclusion- 
Omission,  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Sagacity-In- 
capacity. 

com"-pre-hen'-sive.  Inclusive.  Greatness-Little- 
ness, Universality-Particularity;  comprehen- 
sive argument,  Ratiocination-Casuistry. 

comprendre,  e'est  tout  pardonner ,  tout  [F.]  (con- 
prandr',  sS  tu  par-do-ne',  tu) .  To  understand  all  is 
to  pardon  all.     Knowledge-Ignorance,   Pardon- 

VlNDICTIVENESS. 

corn-press'.  To  condense.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion, Length-Shortness,  Remedy-Bane,  Solidity- 
Rarity. 

com-press"-i-bil'-i-ty.  Power  to  be  compressed.  En- 
largement-Diminution, Solidity-Rarity. 

com-press'-i-ble.  Capable  of  being  compressed.  En- 
largement-Diminution, Solidity-Rarity. 

com-pres'-sion.  State  of  being  compressed.  Digest, 
Enlargement  -  Diminution,  Terseness  -  Prolix  - 
i'ty. 

com-prise'.     To  include.     Admission-Exclusion. 

com' -pro-ba'-tion.  Confirmation.  Evidence-Coun- 
terevidence,  Proof-Disproof. 

com'-prc-mise.  To  compound;  to  expose  to  risks;  to 
bind  mutually.  Atonement,  Compensation,  Com- 
position, Contract,  Determination-Vacillation, 
Fighting-Conciliation,  Mediation,  Medium,  Mid- 
course-Circuit,  Security-Insecurity. 

com'-prc-mised.  Adjusted.  Duty-Dereliction,  En- 
gagement-Release. 

compter  [F.]  (con- -tt1).     To  charge.     Market. 

compte  rendu  [F.]  (con-t  ran-du').  An  account.  Ac- 
counts, Mark-Obliteration. 


comptes  nouvelles  disputes,  b,  vieux  [F.]  (con-t  nu-vel' 
dis-piit',  a  vi-u') .  Old  accounts  breed  new  disputes. 
Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

comp-trol'-ler.     A  controller.     Manager. 

com-pul'-sa-tc-ry.     Tending  to  compel.     Coercion. 

com-pul'-sion.  Coercion.  Coercion,  Volition-Obli- 
gation. 

com-pul'-sc-ry.  Coercive.  Coercion,  Rule-License, 
Volition-Obligation. 

com-punc'-tion.  Uneasiness  of  mind.  Repentance- 
Obduracy. 

com"-pur-ga'-tion.  A  cleansing.  Evidence-Counter- 
evidence,  Exculpation-Conviction. 

com-pu'-ta-ble.  Capable  of  being  reckoned.  Num- 
bering. 

com"-pu-ta'-tion.     Act  of  reckoning.     Numbering. 

com-pute'.     To  reckon.     Numbering. 

com'-rade.     A  companion.     Friend-Foe. 

com'-rade-ship.  Good-fellowship.  Sociability-Pri- 
vacy.. 

con.  To  think  over;  to  learn.  Education-Learning, 
Reflection-Vacancy,  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness. 

co-na'-tion.  Faculty  of  volition.  Volition-Obligation. 

conatu  magnas  nugas,  magno  [L.]  (con-e'-tiu  mag'-no.s 
niu'-gas,  mag'-no) .  Great  jokes  from  great  attempts. 
Consequence-Insignificance,  Provision-Waste. 

con-cam'-er-ate.  To  arch  over.  Curvation-Recti- 
linearity. 

con-cat"-e-na'-tion.  A  chain-like  series.  Continuity- 
Interruption,  Union-Disunion. 

con'-cave".  Hollow  and  rounded;  having  a  cavity. 
Concavity-Convexity,  Contents-Receiver. 

con-cav'-i-ty.    A  hollow.    Convexity-Concavity. 

con-ceal'.  To  hide.  Clearness-Obscurity,  Cover- 
Lining,  Craft-Artlessness,  Enlightenment-Sec- 
recy, Visibility-Invisibility. 

con-cealed'.  Hidden.  Enlighten\jent-Secrecy, 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Manifestation-Latency. 

con-ceal'-ment.  A  hiding.  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Visibility-Invisibility. 

con-cede'.  To  yield;  to  grant;  to  yield  assent.  Assent- 
Dissent,  Consent,  Craft-Artlessness,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace,  Giving-Receiving,  Leave-Prohibi- 
tion, Motive-Caprice. 

con-ceit'.  Too  much  self-esteem;  a  fantastic  notion; 
power  of  conceiving;  clever  thought.  Conceit-Dif- 
fidence, Conception-Theme,  Fancy,  Hypothesis, 
Sagacity-Incapacity,  Society-Affectation,  Wit- 
tiness-Dulness;  idle  conceit,  Wittiness-Dulness. 


CONCEIT. 


191 


CONCEIT— DIFFIDENCE. 


CONCEIT— DIFFIDENCE. 


Alls.     Affectation , 

Amour-propre  [L.].     Self-love. 

Assurance,  etc.     Excess  of  boldness,  etc.     See  Presumption. 

Conceit.     Too  much  self-esteem. 

Conceitedness.     Overestimation  of  oneself. 

Coxcombry.     Foppishness 

Egotism.     Tendency  or  act  of  magnifying  oneself. 

Elation.     Exaltation  of  mind  resulting  from  success. 

Gaudery.     Showy  ornament. 

Mannerism.     Excessive  adherence  to  some  peculiarity  or  manner. 

Ostentation,  etc.     Display  prompted  by  vanity,  etc.     See  Pomp. 

Pretention.     A  claim  falsely  assumed. 

Pride,  etc.     Self-approval  based  upon  something  one  is  or  has  done. 

See  Selfrespect. 
Priggishness.l  The  characteristics  of   a  narrow-minded,  conceited 
Priggism.       /      person. 
Self-admiration.     Gratified  contemplation  of  self. 


\  Approval  of  self. 


Self -applause. 

Self -approbation. 

Self-complacency.     Quality  of  being  pleased  with  oneself. 

Self-conceit.     Unduly  high  opinion  of  self. 

Self-confidence.     Confidence  in  one's  own  powers. 

Self-esteem.     Good  opinion  of  oneself. 

Self-glorification.     Boastfulness  of  oneself. 

Self-gratulation.     Satisfaction  with  self. 

Selfishness.     Disposition  to  seek  for  one's  own  advantage. 

Self-love.     Tendency  to  promote  one's  own  well-being. 

Self-praise.     Praise  of  oneself. 

Self-sufficiency.     Tendency    to    disregard    the    opinions   of   others 

because  of  a  high  estimation  of  our  own. 
Vainglory.     Excessive  vanity. 
Vanity.     Great  desire  for  applause  or  admiration. 
Vox  et  prceterea  nihil  [L.].     Voice  and  nothing  else 

Conceit — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Cheval  de  bataille  [P.].     A  war-horse;  a  main  reliance. 
Coxcomb,  etc.     A  vain,  showy  fellow,  etc.     See  Society-Dandy. 
Sir  Oracle,  etc.     A   person   who  affects  wisdom,  etc.     [**I  am  Sir 

Oracle ;  and  when  I  ope  my  lips  let  no  dog  bark.*'     Shakespeare, 

Merchant  of  Venice,  I,  i.]    See  Brawler. 

Conceit — Verbs. 

Blind  oneself  as  to  one's  own  merit.     To  be  deceived  as  to  one's  real 
worth. 

Boast,  etc.     To  speak  of  oneself  with  vanity,  etc.     See  Bragging. 

Fish  for  compliments.     Indirectly  to  seek  to  draw  forth  flattery. 

Give  oneself  airs.     To  show  pride. 

Have  too  high  opinion  of  oneself.     To  show  pride  in  one's  abilities. 

Have   too   high   opinion  of    one's  talents.     To   overestimate  one's 
mental  endowments 

Have  an  overweening  opinion  of  oneself.    To  be  unduly  self-confident. 

Have  an  overweening  opinion  of  one's  talents.     To  be  overconfident 
of  one's  ability. 

Inflate.     To  puff  up,  as  with  pride. 

Inspire  with  vanity,  etc.     To  arouse  a  feeling  of  shallow  pride,  etc. 
See  Nouns, 

Lay  the   flattering  unction  to  one's  soul.     Pride  oneself.     [Shake- 
speare, Hamlet,  III,  iv.] 

Not  think  vin  ordinaire  of  oneself.^ 

Not  to  think  small  beer  of  oneself. 

Pique  oneself.     To  pride  oneself. 

Puff  up.     To  inflate  with  pride  or  vanity. 

Put  oneself  forward.     Assume  importance. 

Render  vain,  etc.     To  make  foolishly  proud  of  one's  personal  charms 
or  powers,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Turn  one's  head.     To  make  one  conceited. 

Turn  up.     To  bend  or  incline. 

Be  vain.     To  be  elated  with  self-admiration. 

Be  vain  of.     To  be  proud  of  trifling  or  petty  things. 
Conceit — Adjectives. 

Arrogant,  etc.     Giving  oneself  undue  importance,  etc.     See  Pre- 
sumption. 

Conceited.     Holding  a  flattering  opinion  of  oneself. 

Egotistic .     Egotistical . 

Egotistical.     Addicted  to  or  manifesting  an  excesive  love  of  self. 

Entfti  [P.].,  etc.     Obstinate,  etc.     See  Decision-Misjudgment. 

Flushed.      Elated;  being  animated  with  joy. 

Forward.      Not  reserved  and  modest. 

Free  and  easy.     Showing  little  regard  for  conventionality. 

High-flown.     Swelled. 


,.*  j  Not  to  think  little  of  oneself. 


Bashfulness,  etc.     Excessive  modesty,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Constraint.     Unnaturalness  in  manner  resulting  irom  timidity. 
Demureness,  etc.     The  show  of  modesty,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Diffidence.     Distrust  of  oneself;  modesty;  bashfulness. 
Humility,    etc.     A   modest    estimate    of    oneself,    etc.     See    Selp- 

respect-Humbleness. 
Mauvaise  home  [F.].     Shamefacedness. 
Modesty.     Freedom  from  boldness  or  forwardness. 
Reserve.     Repression  of  one's  thoughts  and  teelings. 
Timidity.     Want  of  courage  to  face  publicity 
Verecundity.     Modesty;  shyness. 

Diffidence — Associated  Nouns, 

Blush.     Color  in  the  cheeks  caused  by  modesty,  etc. 
Blushing.     The  appearance  of  reddish  color  upon  the  cheeks. 
Blushing    honors.      Modest    honors.      [Shakespeare,   King   Henry 

VIII,  III,  ii.] 
Self-knowledge.     Knowledge  of  one's  limitations. 

Dipfidence — Verbs. 

Be  modest,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Cast  a  sheep's  eye.     Cast  a  bashful  glance.      [He  "  cast  a  sheep's  eye 

out  of  a  calf's  head  at  you."     Swift,  Polite  Conversation.] 
"Do  good  by  stealth  and  blush  to  find  it  fame."     To  be  modest. 

[Pope,  Satires,  i,  136.]     ' 
Draw  in  one's  horns,  etc.     To  check  oneself  or  retract,  etc.     See 

Selfrespect-Humbleness.       ["They   ganne    to    draw   in    thar 

horrnes,  as  a  snayl  among  the  thornes."     A.  D.  1300.] 
Give  way  to.     To  yield  with  modesty. 
Hide  one's  face.     To  keep  out  of  sight. 
Hide  one's  light  under  a  bushel.     Not  to  make  a  display  of  one's 

ability.    [Bible,  Matt,  v,  15.D 
Keep  in  the  background,  1 

Keep  one's  distance.         fTo  refrain  from  putting  oneself  forward. 
Keep  private.  J 

Pursue  the  noiseless  tenor  of  one's  way.     To  live  modestly.     JGray, 

Elegy  in  a  Country  Churchyard,  10. fl 
Reserve  oneself.     To  hold  oneself  aloof. 
Retire.     To  seclude  oneself. 

Diffidence — Adjectives. 

Bashful.     Modest  to  excess. 

Blushing.     Showing  reddish  color  upon  the  cheeks. 

Constrained.     Held  in  check  by  timidity. 

Coy.     Reserved  through  shyness. 

Demure.  Feigning  modesty.  ["  Demurest  of  the  tabby  kind/'' 
Gray,  Favorite  Cat,  4.] 

Diffident.     Not  self-reliant;  modest. 

Humble,  etc.     Not  assuming,  etc.     See  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

Modest.     Unpretentious. 

Nervous.     Easily  disturbed. 

Out  of  countenance,  etc.  Abashed,  etc.  See  Selfrespect-Hum- 
bleness. 

Overmodest.     Very  bashful. 

Poor  in  spirit.     Humble.     [Bible,  Matt,  v,  3.] 

Reserved.     Keeping  one's  thoughts  to  oneself. 

Shamefaced.  Easily  confused;  from  shamefast,  firm  in  modesty. 
["  Shamefast  she  was  in  mayden's  shamefastnesse."  Chaucer, 
Doctor's  Tale,  i,  55.] 

Sheepish.     Awkwardly  diffident. 

Shy.     Bashful. 

Skittish.     Timid;  shy. 

Timid.     Shrinking  from  publicity. 

Timorous.     Shy. 

Unaspiring.     Unambitious. 

Unassuming.     Modest. 

Unboastful.     Not  inclined  to  brag. 

Unobtrusive.     Not  tending  to  obtrude. 

Unostentatious.     Not  showy. 

Unpretending.     Without  pretense;  modest. 

Unpretentious.     Not  characterized  by  pretension. 

Verecund.     Modest;  shy. 

Diffidence — Adverbs. 

Humbly,  etc.     With  modest  submissiveness,  etc. 

Privately.     In  a  secret  manner. 

Quietly.     Informally. 

Sans  facon  [F.].     Informally. 

Without  beat  of  drum.     Unostentatiously. 

Without  ceremony.     Abruptly. 


See  Adjectives. 


CONCEIT. 


192 


CONCEPTION— THEME. 


CONCEIT— Adjectives — Continued. 


Inflated.     Bombastic. 

Ostentatious,  etc.     Fond  of  making  a  display  from  vanity,  etc.     See 

Pomp. 
Overweening.     Unduly  self-confident. 
Overwise.     Affectedly  wise. 
Pert.     Free  in  speech  or  behavior. 
Pragmatical.     Self-important. 

Pretentious.     Marked  by  conceit,  pretense,  or  show. 
Priggish.     Conceited  or  affectedly  precise  in  dress  and  manners. 
Puffed  up.     Inflated  with  pride  or  vanity. 
Self-admiring.      Being  pleased  with  self. 
Self-applauding.     Approving  oneself. 
Self-confident.     Confident  in  one's  own  ability. 
Self -flattering.     Making  complimentary  speeches  of  self. 


Self-glorious.     Vainglorious. 

Self-opinionated.     Holding  opinions  of  one's  own  in  a  conceited  way 

stubbornly. 
Self-satisfied.     Self-complacent. 

Self-sufficient.     Having  overweening  confidence  in  one's  powers. 
Soi-disant  [F.J,  etc.     Self-styled;  self-dubbed,  etc.     See  Bragging. 
Unabashed.     Not  disconcerted. 
Unblushing.     Not  embarrassed. 
Unceremonious.     Informal. 
Unconstrained.     Not  repressed. 
Vain.     Elated  with  self -admiration. 
Vain  as  a  peacock.     Proud  of  one's  person  or  dress. 
Vainglorious.     Overproud  of  one's  achievements. 
Wise  in  one's  own  conceit. 


Vainly.     In  a  vain  manner. 

How  we  apples  swim  I     [Swift,  Brother  Protestants .] 


Conceit — Adverb. 
Conceit — Phrase. 


con-ceit'-ed.     Vain.     Conceit-Diffidence,  Decision- 

MlSJUDGMENT,  SOCIETY-AFFECTATION. 

con-ceit'-ed-ness.    Vanity.    Conceit-Diffidence. 

con-ceiv'-a-ble.  Imaginable.  Possibility-Impossi- 
bility. 

con-ceive'.  To  originate;  to  take  possession  of  the 
mind;  to  imagine;  to  produce;  to  think.  Beginning- 
End,  Faith-Misgiving,  Fancy,  Fertility-Steril- 


ity, Knowledge-Ignorance. 

con-cent'.     Harmony.     Melody-Dissonance. 

con'-cen-trate.  To  concenter.  Center,  Chemistry, 
Concentration-Radiation,  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing. 

con"-cen-tra'-tion.  Condensation.  Center,  Concen- 
tration-Radiation, Gathering-Scattering;  con- 
centration forces,  Chemistry. 


CONCENTRATION— RADIATION. 


Assemblage,  etc.     A  group  or  collection  of    persons  or  things,  etc. 

See  Gathering. 
Concentration.     A  drawing  together  or  accumulation  around  one 

point. 
Concourse.     A  running  together  of  men  or  things. 
Concurrence.     Agreement  of  persons  on  a  question. 

n  uence.  i  ^  flo^ng  together  of  streams,  or  meeting  of  people. 

Congress.     A  deliberative  body  representative  of  a  nation  or  nations. 
Convergence.     A  turning  toward  one  point.       N 
Corradiation.     The  convergence  of  rays  of  light  to  a  focus. 
Meeting.     Gathering  of  people  to  be  addressed  or  to  deliberate. 
Resort,  etc.     Assembly,  etc.     See  Gatheringplace. 

Concentration — Denotations. 
Applause.     Praise  expressed,  generally  by  clapping  the  hands,  etc. 
Asymptote.     A  line  which  continually  approaches  a  curve  but  never 
reaches  it.  , 

Concentration — Verbs. 

Concentrate.     To  gather  around  one  point. 

Concur.     To  agree. 

Converge.     To  turn  toward  one  point. 

Meet.     To  come  together. 

Unite.     To  become  one,  to  act  together. 

Concentration — Verbal  Expressions. 

Bring  into  a  focus;    center  around;    center  in;    close  in  upon;,  close 
with,  to  agree  with,  to  grapple  with;   come  together,  to  meet,  to 
fight;  enter  in;   fall  in  with,  to  meet ;  gather  together;   pour  in. 
Concentration — Adjectives. 

Asymptotical.     Approaching  but  never  meeting. 

Centripetal.      Directed  toward  the  center. 

Concurrent.     Agreeing. 

Confluent.     Flowing  together. 

Convergent.  j  Turni       toward  one  point,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Converging,  etc.  J 

con-cen'-tric.     Having  a  common  center.     Center. 
con-cen'-tu-al.    Harmonious.    Melody-Dissonance. 
con-cep'-tion.     The  act  of  conceiving;  a  plan ;  an  inven- 


Aberration.     Departure  from  a  course  of  sober  conduct. 

Deviation.  A  turning,  indifferent  or  blameworthy,  from  a  course  in 
words  or  actions.     See  Aim-Aberration. 

Dispersion.  State  of  being  scattered.  See  Gathering-Scat- 
tering. 

Divarication.     A  forking. 

Divergence.  |  Conscious   or  unconscious  stepping  from  one  path  to 

Divergency.  /      another. 

Radiation.     Emission  in  all  directions  from  a  center. 

Ramification.     A  branching  in  all  directions. 

Separation.  A  parting,  or  state  of  being  parted.  See  Union-Dis- 
union. 

Radiation — Verbs. 

Deviate,  etc.  To  leave  a  set  line  or  rule  of  action,  etc.  See  Aim- 
Aberration. 

Disperse,  etc.  To  break  up  and  scatter  a  compact  body  with  force- 
etc.     See  Gathering-Scattering. 

jTo  extend  in  different  directions  from  a  point. 

To  separate,  etc.     See  Union-Disunion. 

To  extend  in  all  directions  from  a  center. 

To  form  branches. 
To  strew  about  in  disorder. 
To  strew  with  design. 

Radiation — Adjectives. 


Diverge. 

Part,  etc. 

Radiate. 

Ramify. 

Scatter. 

Spread. 


Aberrant.     Wandering. 

Centrifugal.     Tending  from  the  center. 

Divergent.     Separating  at  a  point. 

Diverging,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Radiant.     Tending  in  different  directions  from  a  center. 

tion.  Beginning-End,  Conception-Theme,  Faith- 
Misgiving,  Fancy,  Fertility-Sterility,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Mind-Imbecility. 


CONCEPTION— THEME. 


Abstract  idea.     An  idea  separate  from  other  accompanying  ideas. 

Apperception.     Self-consciousness. 

Apprehension.     An  estimate. 

Conceit.      Flattering  opinion  of  oneself. 

Conception.     A  general  notion. 

Consideration.     The  act  of  reflecting  or  of  forming  conceptions. 


Affair.     That  which  happens  or  is  to  be  done. 

Argument.     That  which  is  offered  as  a  reason  for  or  against  anything. 

Business.     That  which  interests  or  occupies  the  attention  of  a  person. 

Case.     Something  to  be  or  being  discussed ;  an  hypothesis. 

Chapter.     One  of  the  divisions  of  a  book . 

Field  of  inquiry.     Subjects  for  investigation. 


CONCEPTION— THEME. 


193 


CONCORDANCE. 


CONCEPTION— THEME—  Continued. 


Eidolon  [Gr.J.     An  image;  a  phantom. 

Fancy.     A  visionary  notion. 

Field  of  view.     The  space  within  which  objects  may  be  seen. 

Idea.     A  conception  or  image  formed  by  the  mind. 

Image.      Representation  of  anything  according  to  one's  conception 
of  it. 
.  Impression.     An  effect  made  on  the  mind  or  feelings. 

iNotion.     An  idea;  an  opinion. 

Observation.     A  statement  of  one's  opinion. 

Perception.     An  idea  formed  as  the  result  of  an  impression  produced 
on  the  mind  by  a  single  object;  direct  knowledge  of  matter. 

Phantasy,  etc.     An  odd  or  whimsical  notion,  etc.     See  Fancy. 

Point  of  view,  etc.     The  position  from  which  one  considers  any  sub- 
ject, etc.     See  Appearance. 

Reflection.      The  act  of  forming  ideas. 

Sentiment.     An  opinion  concerning  any  practical  or  moral  question. 

Theory,  etc'    A  plan  formulated  by  the  mind,  etc.     See  Hypothesis. 

Thought.     Any  mental  process;  an  intellectual  state. 

View,  etc.     Opinion;  belief,  etc.     See  Faith. 


THEME — Continued  jrom  Column  a 
Th  em  e — A  dverbs . 
In  question.      In  debate. 
In  the  mind.     Under  discussion. 
On  foot.      Being  executed  or  performed. 
On  the  carpet.      Being  subject  of  deliberation. 
Relative  to,  etc.     Referring  to;  respecting,  etc.     See  Connection. 
On  the  tapis.      On  the  table-cover;  under  consideration. 
Under  consideration.     Being  subject  of  discussion. 

con-cern'.  An  affair;  a  business;  interest;  to  engage; 
to  relate  to.  Connection-Independence,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Dealer,  Occupation,  Oc- 
currence-Destiny, Pleasure-Pain;  concern  one- 
self with,  Occupation. 

con-cerned'.      Anxious.     Pleasure-Pain. 

con-cern'-ing.      About.     Connection-Independence. 

con-cert'.  To  arrange  for;  to  contrive,  con'-cert.  A 
musical  entertainment,  an  agreement.  Antagonism- 
Concurrence,  Design,  Cooperation-Opposition, 
Harmony-Discord,  Music;  act  in  concert,  Antag- 
onism-Concurrence; in  concert,  Melody-Disso- 
nance, Variance-Accord. 

con"-cer-ti'-na.  Wind  musical  instrument.  Musical 
Instruments. 

con-cer'-to .      H  armony .     Music. 

con'-cert-room".  A  room  for  concerts.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 

con-ces'-sion.  The  act  of  conceding.  Consent,  Giv- 
ing-Receiving,  Leave-Prohibition. 

concesso,  ex  [L.]  (con-ses'-so,  ex).  From  what  has  been 
conceded.  Assent-Dissent,  Ratiocination-Casu- 
istry. 

con-cet'-to.     Conceit.     Wittiness-Dulness. 

con'-cha.     External  ear.     Anatomy. 

con'-choid.    A  curve.    Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

con-choi'-dal.  Shell-shaped.  Curvation-Rectilin- 
earity. 

con-chol'-o-gy.     A  branch  of  zoology.     Cover-Lining. 

con-cierge'.     A  janitor.      Guard-Prisoner. 

,con-cil'-i-ate.  To  pacify;  gain.  Atonement,  Con- 
tentedness- Discontentment,  Fighting-Concili- 
ation, Motive-Caprice,  Pardon-Vindictiveness, 
Polite  neSs-  Impoliteness. 

con-cil"-i-a'-tion.  Act  of  conciliating.  Atonement, 
Fighting-Conciliation,  Pardon-Vindictiveness, 
Variance- Accord. 

con-cil'-i-a-to-ry.  Tending  to  reconcile.  Contented- 
ness-  Discontentment,  Fighting-Conciliation, 
Pardon  -  Vindicti  veness,  Politeness  -  Impolite- 
ness, Variance-Accord. 

conciliatrix  [L.]  (con-sil-i-e'-trix) .     A  procuress.     Pur- 
ity-Rake. 
13 


Food  for  the  mind.     Subjects  for  consideration. 

Head.      Division  of  a  speech  or  discourse. 

Material  for  thought.     Subjects  for  consideration. 

Matter.     A  subject  for  discussion. 

Matter  in  hand.     The  subject  one  is  considering. 

Mental  pabulum.     Mental  food ;  subject  for  thought. 

Moot  point.     A  question  for  debate. 

Motion.     A  formal  proposition  made  in  a  deliberative  body. 

NoSmata  [Gr.]     A  thought ;  purpose ;  design . 

Point.     Precise  question  for  consideration. 

Problem,  etc.     In  mathematics,  something  to  be  done;  a  question 

for  solution;  a  puzzling  question,  etc.     See  Investigation. 
Proposition.     A  statement  offered  for  acceptance  or  discussion. 
Resolution.     A  proposition  formally  offered  for  adoption. 
Subject.     A  topic  for  discussion . 

Subject  for  thought.     That  which  requires  consideration. 
Subject  matter.     Material  for  examination  or  discussion. 
Text.     Scriptural  verse  or  verses  selected  as  a  subject  for  a  sermon. 
Theme.     Subject  for  oral  or  written  composition. 
Theorem.     A  geometrical  or  algebraic  proposition  requiring  proof. 
Thesis.     A  proposition  to  be  upheld  by  argumentation. 
What  it  is  about.     Subject. 

Theme — Verbs. 
Float  in  the  mind.     To  be  vaguely  under  consideration. 
Pass  in  the  mind,  etc.   Togo  through  the  mind,  etc.   See  Reflection. 

Th  em  e — A  djectives. 
In  pettollt.].     In  secret;  in  reserve. 
Thought  of.     Considered. 
Uppermost  in  the  mind.     Holding  the  most  important  position  in 

one's  thoughts. 

(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 

con-cin'-ni-ty.  Harmony;  fitness.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Purity-Crudeness. 

con-cise'.  Exact.  Length-Shortness,  Terseness- 
Prolixity. 

con-cise'-ly.    Exactly.    Terseness-Prolixity. 

con-cise'-ness.  State  of  being  concise.  Length-Short- 
ness, Terseness-Prolixity. 

con-ci'-sion.    A  schism.    Length-Shortness. 

con'-clave.  A  secret  council.  Church,  Council , 
Gathering-Scattering. 

con-elude'.  To  end;  to  complete;  to  decide;  to  stop. 
Beginning  -  End,  Completion  -  Noncompletion, 
Contract,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Persistence- 
Whim. 

con-clu'-ding.       Ending.      Completion  -  Noncomple  - 

TION. 

con-clu'-sion.  End;  a  conviction;  final  decision;  clos- 
ing part.  Assent-Dissent,  Beginning-End,  Com- 
pletion-Noncompletion,  Contract,  Decision- 
Misjudgment,  Persistence-Whim;  foregone  con- 
clusion, Predetermination-Impulse;  hasty  conclu- 
sion, Decision-Misjudgment;  try  conclusions,  Ra- 
tiocination-Casuistry. 

con-clu'-sive.  Final;  decisive.  Beginning-End,  Com- 
pletion-Noncompletion.  Certainty-Doubt,  De- 
cision -  Misjudgment,  Investigation  -  Answer, 
Proof-Disproof;  conclusive  reasoning,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Casuistry. 

con-clu'-sive-ness.  Decisiveness.  Ratiocination-In- 
stinct. 

con-coct'.  To  prepare  by  mixing;  to  contrive.  De- 
sign, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

con-coc'-tion.     Mixture.     Preparation-Nonprepara- 

TION. 

con-com'-i-tance.  Accompaniment.  Coexistence, 
Solitude-Company. 

con-com'-i-tant.  Attendant.  Coexistence,  Solitude- 
Company. 

con'-cord.  Agreement;  harmony.  Assent-Dissent, 
Harmony-Discord,  Melody-Dissonance,  Vari- 
ance-Accord. 

con-cord'-ance.  An  index;  concord.  Assent-Dis- 
sent, Harmony-Discord,  Word-Neology. 


CONCORDANT. 


194 


CONDITION— SITUATION. 


con-cord'-ant.    Consonance.    Harmony-Discord.Vari- 

ANCE-ACCORD. 

con-cor'-dat.     A  compact.     Contract. 

concordia  discors  [L.]  (con-cor'-di-a  dis'-cors).  Dis- 
cordant harmony.  Harmony-Discord,  Regular- 
ity-Irregularity. 

concours  [F.]  (con- -cur').  Competition.  Strife- 
Peace. 

con'-course.  An  assembly.  Concentration-Radi- 
ation, Gathering-Scattering. 

con"-cre-ma'-tion.    Cremation.    Heating-Cooling. 

con'-crete.  Joined  together;  a  hard  mass.  Cohesion- 
Looseness,  Hardness-Softness,  Materials,  So- 
lidity-Rarity; concrete  noun,  Noun. 

con-cre'-tion.  Solidification.  Cohesion-Looseness, 
Solidity-Rarity. 

con-cu'-bi-nage.  State  of  being  or  having  concubines. 
Purity-Impurity. 

con'-cu-bine.     A  kept  niistress.    Purity- Rake. 

con-cu'-pis-cence.  Illicit  desire.  Desire-Distaste, 
Purity-Impurity. 

con-cu'-pis-cent.    Carnal.    Purity-Impurity. 

con-cur'.  To  agree;  to  cooperate;  unite.  Antago- 
nism-Concurrence, Assent-Dissent,  Coexistence, 
Concentration-Radiation,  Cooperation-Opposi- 
tion. 

con-cur'-rence .  Cooperation.  Assent-Dissent,  Co- 
existence, Concentration-Radiation,  Coopera- 
tion-Opposition, Harmony-Discord. 

con-cur '-rent.  Acting  or  occurring  together.  Co- 
existence, Concentration-Radiation,  Coopera- 
tion-Opposition. 

con-cur'-ring.    Agreeing.    Cooperation-Opposition. 

con-cus'-sion.  A  violent  shock.  Impetus-Reac- 
tion. 

con-demn'.  Censure.  Approval-Disapproval,  Ex- 
culpation-Conviction. 

con"-dem-na'-tion.  State  of  being  or  act  of  condemn- 
ing. Approval-Disapproval,  Exculpation-Con- 
viction, Justification-Charge. 

con-dem'-na-to-ry.  Condemning.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Exculpation-Conviction. 

con-demned'.    Convicted.     Exculpation-Conviction. 

con"-den-sa'-tion.  Act  of  compressing.  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution, Solidity-Rarity. 

con-dense'.     To   compress.      Digest,   Enlargement- 


Diminution,     Solidity-Rarity,     Terseness-Pro- 
lixity. 

con-dens'-er.    Solidifying  apparatus.    Chemistry. 

con"-de-scend'.     To  be  gracious.     Selfrespect-Hum- 

BLENESS. 

con"-de-scend'-ing.       Deigning.       Selfrespect-Hum- 

BLENESS. 

con"-de-scen'-sion.         Graciousness.  Selfrespect- 

HUMBLENESS,   POLITENESS-IMPOLITENESS. 

con-dign'.    Well  deserved.    Dueness-Undueness. 
con'-di-ment.      A    sauce.      Condiment,    Nutriment-  . 
Excretion. 

condiment. 

Condiment.     A  sauce,  relish,  or  spice. 

Relish.     A  savory  dish  served  to  stimulate  appetite. 

Seasoning.     Something  added  to  food  to  give  a  higher  relish. 

Condiment — Denotations. 

Caviare.     The  roes  of  certain  fish,  prepared  and  salted. 

Cayenne.     A  pungent  pepper. 

Curry.     An  East-Indian  sauce  of  pepper  and  spice. 

Garlic.     A  plant  with  a  very  pungent  taste. 

Mustard.     A  powder  from  mustard  seed,  used  as  a  condiment. 

Onion.     A  plant  with  a  strong-flavored  bulb,  used  as  food. 

Pepper.     A  pungently  aromatic  condiment. 

Pickle.     Any  article  of  food  prese-v  -d  in  vinegar. 

Pot-herbs.     Any  plant,  as  spinach,  the  leaves  of  which  are  used  for 

food. 
Salt.     Chloride  of  sodium,  used  for  seasoning. 
Sauce.     A  composition  of  appetizing  ingredients. 
Sauce  piquante  TF-X     A  sharp  sauce. 
Spice.     A  vegetable  production,  fragrant  or  aromatic. 

Condiment — Verbs. 

Season,  etc.     To  increase  the  relish  or  savor  of,  etc.     See  Pungency. 

con"-dis-ci'-ple.  A  fellow  student.  Instructor- 
Pupil. 

con-di'-tion.  A  state  of  being;  a  rank;  hypothesis; 
qualification;  a  prerequisite.  Condition-Situation, 
Gentility-Democracy,  Hypothesis,  Modification, 
Terms;  in  condition,  Greatness-Littleness;  in 
good  condition,  Goodness-Badness,  Greatness- 
Littleness;  in  perfect  condition,  Faultlessness- 
Faultiness;  on  condition,  Terms;  physical  con- 
dition, Materiality-Spirituality. 


CONDITION— SITUATION. 


Aspect,  etc.  A  characteristic  part  of  an  appearance,  etc.  See  Ap- 
pearance. 

Case.     The  condition  of  things  in  a  given  instance. 

Category.     Condition;  any  comprehensive  class  of  things. 

Character.     General  outline  or  condition. 

Complexion.     General  appearance. 

Condition.     Temporary  state  of  something. 

Constitution.  The  frame  and  vitality  of  any  living  or  organized 
thing. 

Diathesis.      Predisposition  to  certain  diseases. 

Estate.     State. 

Fabric,  etc.     Make-up,  etc.     See  Texture. 

Fashion.      Appearance. 

Fit.     An  adjustment  to  conditions. 

Form,  etc.     Figure,  etc.     See  Form. 

Frame.     The  entire  make-up  of  things. 

Guise.     Fashion. 

Habitude.      Custom  or  habit 

Light.     Aspect. 

Lot.     Condition  or  fortune. 

Modality.  Quality  of  being  marked  only  by  form  and  not  by  sub- 
stance. 

Mode.      Regular  way  or  manner. 

Mold.      Character. 

Mood.      State  of  the  mind. 

Pickle.     An  embarrassing  condition. 

Plight.      A  distressing  condition. 

Schesis.     Condition. 


Attitude.     Physical  position,  as  of  the  body. 

Bearings.     Situation  of  a  distant  object  with  regard  to  a  ship's  posi- 
tion. 

Circumstance,     Condition  of  things  surrounding  an  event. 

Conjunction.     State  of  being  joined  together. 

Contingency,  etc.     The  union  of  a  number  of  causes  in  producing  a 
practical  result,  etc.     See  Occurrence. 

Crisis.     The  turning  point  in  any  affair. 

Emergence.     The  process  c  i  emerging. 

Emergency.     An  occurrence  unforeseen  and  demanding  immediate 
action. 

Exigency.     Emergency  of  minor  moment. 

Footing.     Permanent  situation. 

How  the  land  lies.     Situation  of  an  object  with  regard  to  its  sur- 
roundings. 

Juncture.     Important  occasion. 

Occasion.     State  of  affairs  in  general. 

Pass.     State  of  affairs. 

Phase.     Any  one  of  the  various  appearances  of  the  same  object. 

Pinch.     Predicament;  a  tight  place. 

Pla:e.     A  particular  position. 

Point.     Step  in  the  movement  or  gradation  of  something. 

Positi  an       The  relative  situation  of  a  body. 

Posture      Pose. 

Predicament.     A  condition  to  escape  from  which  is  equally  danger 
ous  or  undesirable  in  any  direction. 

Push.     Extremity. 

Regi  me.     Manner  of  government ;  prevalent  mode  in  society. 


CONDITION— SITUATION. 


195 


CONDUCT. 


CONDITION— SITUATION— Continued. 


Set.     Fixed  form  or  position. 

Stamp.     General  character. 

State.     Manner  or  mode  of  existing. 

Style.     Mode. 

Temper.     Constitution  or  disposition ;  mixture  of  humors. 

Tenor.  1  „. 

Tone.  /  StamP- 

Trim.     General  appearance. 

Turn.     Form,  cast,  or  shape. 

Condition — Verbs. 

Be  in  a  state,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Be  on  a  footing.     Be  in  a  condition. 

Come  to  pass.     Happen. 

Do.     To  bring  into  a  form  or  state. 

Enjoy  a  state.    Be  in  a  condition  gladly. 

Fare.     To  be  in  any  state  or  condition. 

Labor  under  a  state.     Be  in  a  condition  regretfully. 

Possess  a  state.     Have  a  condition. 

Condition— Adjectives. 

Conditional.     Containing  or  depending  upon  conditions. 
Formal.     Referring  to  form  in  contrast  to  substance. 
Modal.     Having  the  form  without  the  reality. 
Organic.     Pertaining  to  an  organ  or  organs. 
Structural.     Pertaining  to  structure. 

Condition — Adverbs. 

As  the  matter  stands.  ITT    ,     ,.         .  L.  ,.,. 

As  things  are.  }  Under  the  easting  conditions. 

Conditionally,  etc.     Under  certain  conditions,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Such  being  the  case,  etc.    Under  these  circumstances,  etc.     See  Con- 
dition-Situation. 

con-di'-tion-al.  Not  absolute.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Condition-Situation,  Evidence-Counter- 
evidence. 

con-di'-tion-al-ly.  Not  absolutely.  Condition-Situ- 
ation, Modification,  Possibility-Impossibility. 

con-di'-tions.     Terms.     Terms. 

con-dole'.     Sympathize.    Compassion-Ruthlessness. 

con-do'-lence.  Sympathy.  Compassion-Ruthless- 
ness, Condolence,  Felicitation,  Jubilation- 
Lamentation,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

CONDOLENCE. 

Condolence.     Expression  of  sympathy  with  a  person  in  trouble  or 

misfortune. 
Consolation.     The  act  of  comforting  or  soothing  the  mind. 
Lamentation,  etc.     See  Jubilation-Lamentation. 
Sympathy.     Feeling  corresponding  to  that  which  affects  another. 

Condolence — Verbs. 

Afford  consolation.     Console. 

Condole  with.     To  express  sorrow  at  the  misfortune  of  another. 

Console.     To  cheer  the  mind  in  distress  or  grief. 

Express  pity.     Pity. 

Lament  with,  etc.     See  Jubilation-Lamentation. 

Supply  consolation .     Console . 

Sympathize.     To  share  the  feelings  and  mental  states  of  another. 

Testify  pity.     Show  pity, 

CGn"-do-na'-tion.  Act  of  condoning.  Pardon-Vin- 
dictiveness. 

con-don?'.     To  forgive.     Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

con'-dor.     Chilian  coin.     Values. 

C3n"-dot-tie'-re.  A  mercenary  chief.  Belligerent, 
Wavfarer-Seafarer. 

con-duce'.  To  help  effect;  to  contribute.  Cause- 
Effect,  Cooperation-Opposition,  Inclination, 
Usefulness-Uselessness. 

con-duce'-ment.     Tendency.     Inclination. 

con-du'-cive.  Helping.  Inclination,  Usefulness- 
Uselessness. 

con-duct'.  To  carry  on;  to  convey.  Management, 
Transfer;  conduct  an  inquiry,  Investigation- 
Answer;  conduct  to,  Aim-Aberration. 


Situation.     Place  in  connection  with  all  its  surroundings. 

Standing.     Relative  position. 

Status  [L.].     Condition. 

Terms.     Conditions. 

Turning-point.     Point  of  some  decisive  change. 

Situation — A  djectives. 

Adventitious,  etc.  Forming  only  an  incidental  part,  etc.  See  Ob- 
jectiveness. 

Circumstantial.     Dependent  upon  indirectly  related  Incidents. 

Conditional.     Depending  on  certain  modifying  terms. 

Contingent.     Depending  on  something  else. 

Critical.     Pertaining  to  the  turning-point  in  some  event. 

Given.     Granted. 

Incidental.     Occurring  along  with  something  else. 

Modal.     Denoting  a  manner. 

Situation — A  dverbs. 

Accordingly,  in  a  manner  conformable  to  the  circumstances;  accord- 
ing to  the  circumstances;  according  to  the  occasion;  as  it  may 
be;  as  it  may  happen;  as  it  may  turn  cut;  as  the  case  may  be; 
as  the  wind  blows,  under  the  existing  circumstances;  as  things 
go;  as  times  go;  conditionally,  under  certain  modifying  terms; 
if ,  provided  that;  if  it  be  so;  if  it  so  happen;  if  it  so  turn  out; 
if  so;  if  so  be;  in  case,  under  the  condition  that;  in  such  a  case; 
in  such  a  contingency;  in  such  an  event;  in  such  wise,  in  such 
a  manner;  in  the  circumstances;  in  the  event  of,  provided  that  it 
happens;  pro  re  nata  [L.],  according  to  the  circumstances;  pro- 
vided, on  condition;  provisionally,  for  the  present  exigency;  seeing 
that,  taking  that  condition  into  account;  since,  sith,  seeing  that; 
such  being  the  case;  that  being  so;  that  being  the  case;  thus,  in 
this  or  that  manner;  under  the  circumstances,  etc.  (see  Nouns); 
under  the  conditions,  etc.  (see  Condition)  ;  unless,  without  the  case 
that;  without,  excepting  the  circumstance  that. 

con'-duct.  Behavior;  control.  Conduct,  Manage- 
ment; safe  conduct,  Instrumentality,  Security- 
Insecurity. 

CONDUCT. 

Bearing.     Manner  in  which  one  conducts  oneself. 

Behavior.     Manner  of  behaving,  or  mode  of  conducting  oneself. 

Business.     What  one  has  to  do  or  should  do. 

Campaign.     Course  of  operation. 

Career.     General  course  of  life. 

Carriage.     Manner  of  carrying  oneself;  personal  conduct. 

Comportment.     Manner  of  acting. 

Conduct.     Manner  of  guiding  or  carrying  oneself. 

Course.     Manner  of  procedure;  line  of  conduct. 

Course  of  action.     Line  of  action. 

Course  of  conduct.     Line  of  conduct. 

Course  of  procedure.     Line  of  procedure. 

Dealing.     Method  of  business  or  intercourse. 

Demeanor.     Behavior;  mien. 

Deportment.     Manner  of  acting  with  respect  to  the  courtesies  and 

duties  of  life. 
Economics.     Science  of  conducting  household  affairs. 

Economy.     Conduct  of  domestic  affairs. 
Execution.     Act  or  mode  of  performing. 

Game.     One's  method  of  operation. 

Generalship.     Management.  , 

Government.     Mode  of  governing  or  managing.     See  Management. 

Guise .     Customary  way  of  speaking  or  acting. 

Housekeeping.     Management  of  domestic  affairs. 

Housewifery.     Female  management  of  domestic  concerns. 

Husbandry.     Domestic  management. 

Life.     Certain  way  or  manner  of  living. 

Line  of  action.     Manner  of  acting. 

Line  of  conduct.     Manner  of  carrying  oneself.  7 

Line  of  procedure.     Way  of  proceeding. 

Matntien  [F.].     Deportment  or  carriage. 

Management.     Mode  or  way  of  handling. 

Manipulation.     Artful  management. 

Manner.     Characteristic  mode  of  acting  or  conducting  oneself. 

Menage  [F.].     Housekeeping. 

Method.     Regular  manner  of  doing  anything. 

Modus  operandi  [L.].     Regular  method  of  operation. 

Observance.     Customary  action  or  service. 

Path.     Regular  course  of  conduct.     See  Way. 

Plan.     Method  of  action  or    procedure  described  or  expressed  in 

language.     See  Design. 
Policy.     Method  by  which  any  institution  is  administered. 


CONDUCT. 


196 


CONFINEMENT. 


Political  economy.     That  branch  of  political  science  that  treats  of 

methods  of  production  of  wealth. 
Polity.     Recognized  principles. 
Practise .     Customary  or  constant  use . 
Procedure.     Act  or  manner  of  proceeding. 
Process.     Regular  method  of  operation. 
Race.     Characteristic  quality  or  disposition. 
Regime  [F.].     Mode  or  system  of  rule  or  management. 
Role  £F.].     A  part  or  character  which  one  performs. 
Seamanship.     Management  of  vessels. 
Statesmanship.     Method  of  conducting  political  affairs. 
Stewardship.     Management. 

Strategy.8' 1  MiUtarv  management. 
Tactics.     System  or  method  of  procedure. 
Transaction.     Method  of  conducting  business. 
Treatment.     Act  or  manner  of  treating. 
Walk.     Course  of  action. 
Ways.     Resolved  mode  of  action  or  conduct. 

Conduct — Verbs. 

Acquit  oneself.     To  bear  or  conduct  oneself. 
■Adopt  a  course.     To  select  for  pursuit. 

Behave  oneself.     To  conduct;  to  carry. 

■Carry  into  effect.     Execute. 

Carry  on.     Behave. 

Carry  oneself.     Conduct  oneself. 

Carry  out.         j  Perform> 

Carry  through.  > 

Comport  oneself.     Behave. 

Conduct,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Conduct  oneself.     Behave. 

Deal  with.     To  treat  in  any  manner. 

Demean  oneself.     To  comport;  to  conduct. 

Srsppaatchh;}Tosendoffhastily- 

Discharge.     To  set  free. 

Enact.     To  establish  by  law 

Execute.     Carry  into  effect. 

Get  through.     Finish. 

Go  through.     Transact. 

Handle  a  case.     Conduct  the  proceedings 

Have  to  do  with.     To  be  implicated  in  some  way. 

Lead  a  life.     Conduct  one's  life. 

Manage,  etc.     See  Management. 

Officiate,  etc.     See  Occupation. 

Paddle  one's  own  canoe.     To  go  through  life  by  one's  own  effort*. 

Play  a  game.     Act  artfully. 

Play  one's  cards.     To  put  forth  an  effort  at  the  right  time. 

Play  one's  part.     To  do  one's  duty. 

Practise.     To  repeat  many  times  to  gain  dexterity. 

Proceed  with.     To  continue. 

Put  into.     To  insert;  to  add. 

Put  into  practise.     Perform. 

Run  a  race.     Finish  a  course. 

Shape  one's  course.     To  lay  out  one's  own  pathway. 

Shift  for  oneself.     Rely  on  one's  own  efforts  for  success. 

Steer  one's  course.     To  be  one's  own  pilot. 

Take  a  course.  ) 

Take  measures.  >-To  take  means  to  attain  one's  end. 

Take  steps.         ) 

Transact.     To  do;  to  perform. 

Treat.     To  bear  oneself  toward. 

Conduct — Adjectives. 

Business-like.     Well  or  precisely  done. 
Conducting,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Executive.     Possessing  the  power  to  control. 
Practical.     Applying  knowledge  to  some  useful  end. 
Strategical.     Pertaining  to  or  displaying  foresight. 

con-duct'-ing.     Behaving.    Conduct. 

coa-duc'-tion.     Transmission.     Transfer. 

con-due'- tive-ness.   Power  of  conducting.  Inclination. 

con-duct'-or.  A  carrier;  a  manager  Conveyer,  Elec- 
tricity, Manager;  lightning  conductor,  Refuge- 
Pitfall. 

con'-duit.  A  passage  or  channel.  Entrance-Exit, 
Transmission,  Watercourse-Airpipe. 

con-du'-pli-cate.    To  fold  together.    Duality. 

con'-dyle.    A  bony  eminence.    Convexity-Concavity. 


cone.  A  round  figure  tapering  to  a  point.  Roundness, 
Sharpness-Bluntness. 

con-fab'-u-late.     Gossip.    Conversation-Monologue. 

con-fab"-u-la'-tion.  Chat.  Conversation  -  Mono  • 
logue. 

con-fec'-tion.     A  sweetmeat.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

con-fec'-tion-a-ry.     Sweetmeat.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

con-fed'-er-a-cy.  A  number  in  a  league.  Association, 
Antagonism-Concurrence. 

con-fed'-er-ate.  An  accomplice.  Antagonism-Con- 
currence, Antagonist-Assistant. 

con-fed'-er-a"-ted.     Joined.     Association. 

con-fed"  er-a'-tion.  Union.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Anteriority-Posteriority,  Association. 

con-fer'.  To  hold  a  conference;  to  bestow.  Advice, 
Giving-Receiving;  confer  benefit,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness; confer  power,  Might-Impotence;  confer  privi- 
lege, Leave-Prohibition;  confer  right,  Dueness- 
Undueness;  confer  with,  Conversation-Mono- 
logue. 

con'-fer-ence.  An  official  consultation.  Advice,  Con- 
versation-Monologue, Council. 

con-fer'-va.    Fresh-water  algae.    Fauna-Flora. 

con-fess'.  To  own;  to  expose;  to  make  confessions. 
Assent-Dissent,  Exposure-Hidingplace,  Repent- 
ance-Obduracy; confess  and  avoid,  Justification- 
Charge. 

con-fes'-sion.  Admission;  advowal.  Assent-Dissent, 
Exposure-Hidingplace,  Repentance-Obduracy; 
auricular  confession,  Ceremonial;  confession  of 
faith,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

con-fes'-sion-al.  Pertaining  to  confessions  and  their 
place  of  being  made.  Exposure-Hidingplace,  Fane. 

con-fes'-sions.     A  disclosure.     Account. 

con-fess'-or.  One  who  confesses  or  hears  confessions. 
Ministry-Laity. 

con"-fi-danf.     One  trusted.     Antagonist-Assistant. 

con"-fi-dante'.    A  female  confidant.    Friend-Foe. 

con-fide'.    Trust.    Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

con'-fi-dence.  Self-assurance;  belief  in  a  person  or 
thing.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Faith-Misgiving, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness,  Security-Insecur- 
ity; in  confidence,  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

con'-fi-dent.  Having  confidence;  self-reliant.  Asser- 
tion-Denial, Bravery-Cowardice,  Faith-Misgiv- 
ing, Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

con"-fi-den'-tial.    Trusted.    Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

con"-fi-den'-tial-ly.  Intimately.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 

con-fi'-ding.    Trusting.    Faith-Misgiving. 

con-fig"-u-ra'-tion.  Conformation.  Form-Formless- 
ness. 

con-fine'.  To  imprison;  to  restrict.  Confinement. 
Enclosure,  Release-Restraint. 

con-fined'.  Restricted;  brought  to  childbirth.  De- 
cision-Misjudgment,  Health-Sickness. 

con-fine'-ment.  A  woman's  lying-in.  Confinement, 
Creation-Destruction,  Release-Restraint. 


CONFINEMENT. 

Circumscription.     The  process  of  limiting. 

Circumvallation.     The  process  of  throwing  a  wall  about 

Confinement.     Lack  of  freedom. 

Enclosure .     State  of  being  shut  in . 

Limitation.     The  act  of  keeping  within  certain  bounds. 

Confinement — Denotations. 

Envelope,  etc.     That  which  envelops,  or  wraps  up,  especially  the 

cover  of  a  letter.     See  Enclosure. 
Wrapper.     That  which  encases  or  surrounds.     See  Enclosure 

Confinement — Verbs. 

Bound.     To  limit  the  extension. 
Bury.     To  hide  or  cover  up 


CONFINEMENT. 


197 


CONGLOBATION. 


Circumscribe.     To  limit  in  action,  range,  etc. 

Compass  about.     To  surround. 

Confine.     To  shut  up  within  an  enclosure. 

Enclose.     To  surround. 

Enfold.     To  wrap  up  in. 

Enshrine.     To  place  in  a  shrine. 

Fence  round.     To  enclose  with  a  fence. 

Hedge  in.     To  enclose  with  or  as  with  a  hedge. 

Hedge  round.     To  surround. 

Imprison.     To  put  in  prison. 

Incase.     To  enclose  in  a  case. 

Inclasp.     To  clasp  within. 

Limit.     To  set  bounds  to. 

Pack  up.     To  stow  in  any  receptacle. 

Picket.     To  fence  with  pickets. 

Rail  in.     To  shut  in  with  rails. 

Surround,  etc.     To  shut  in  on  all  sides,  etc.     See  Environment. 

Wall  in.     To  surround  with  walls. 

Wrap  up,  etc.     To  enclose  something,  etc.     See  Dress-Undrbss. 

Confinement — Adjectives. 

Begirt.     Surrounded  as  with  a  band. 

Buried  in.     Absorbed  in. 

Circumscribed,  etc.     Confined  within  bounds,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Embedded.      Deposited  in  a  partly  enclosing  mass. 

Embosomed.     Received  into  one's  bosom. 

Encysted.      Enclosed  in  a  membranous  sac. 

Immersed  in.      Dipped  in. 

Imprisoned,  etc.     Deprived  of  liberty,  etc.   See  Release-Restraint. 

In  a  ring  fence.     Surrounded  by  a  ring  fence. 

In  the  bloom  of.     Covered  with;  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

Land-locked.     Enclosed  by  land. 

Lapt.      Wrapped   around.       ["All    thy  friends    are  lapt  in  lead." 

Shakespeare,  P.  Pilgrim,  3g6.] 
Mewed  up.     Shut  up. 

con'-fines.  Limit.  Remoteness-Nearness;  on  the 
confines  of,  Remoteness-Nearness. 

con-firm'.  To  verify;  to  establish  in  church  member- 
ship; to  sanction;  to  strengthen.  Assent-Dissent, 
Ceremonial,  Contract,  Decision-Misjudgment, 
Evidence-Counterevidence. 

con"-fir-ma'-tion.  Act  of  confirming;  proof.  Assent- 
Dissent,  Ceremonial,  Consent,  Evidence-Coun- 
terevidence. 

con-firm'-a-tc-ry.  Helping  to  prove.  Evidence- 
Counterevidence. 

con-firmed'.  Fully  established.  Mutability-Sta- 
bility; confirmed  habit,  Habit-Desuetude. 

con'-fis-cate.  To  take  for  public  funds.  Exculpation- 
Conviction,  Recompense-Penalty,  Taking-Res- 
titution. 

con"-fis-ca'-tion.  Act  of  confiscating.  Recompense- 
Penalty,  Taking-Restitution. 

con'-fi-ture.    A  confection.    Sweetness-Acidity. 

con"-fla-gra'-tion.     A  burning.     Heating-Cooling. 

con-flex'-ure.     Curvation.     Curvation-Rectilinear- 

ITY. 

con'-flict.  A  strife;  an  antagonism.  Antagonism- 
Concurrence,  Harmony-Discord,  Strife-Peace, 
Variance- Accord. 

con-flic'-ting.  Contending.  Cooperation-Opposition, 
Sameness-Contrast;  conflicting  evidence,  Evidence- 
Counterevidence. 

con'-flu-ence.  A  junction;  a  concourse.  Concentra- 
tion-Radiation, River-Wind,  Union-Disunion. 

con'-flux.  A  confluence.  Concentration-Radiation, 
Gathering-Scattering. 

con-form'.  To  comply.  Assent-Dissent,  Propriety- 
Impropriety,  Uniformity-Diversity. 

con-form'-a-ble.  Correspondent.  Habit-Desuetude, 
Harmony-Discord. 

con-form'-a-bly.  Consistently.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality. 

con-form'-ance.  Conformity.  Harmony-Discord, 
Conventionality-Unconventionality. 

con"-for-ma'-tion.  Arrangement  of  parts.  Form- 
Formlessness. 


con-form'-i-ty.      Agreement.      Conventionality-Un- 

CONVENTIONALITY,      HaBIT-DeSUETUDE,      HaRMONY- 

Discord,  Uniformity-Diversity,  Uniformity- 
Multiformity;  conformity  with  nature,  Nature- 
Art. 

con-found'.  To  bewilder;  to  perplex;  to  abash;  to  mix. 
Astonishment  -  Expectance,  Certainty  -  Doubt, 
Charitableness-Curse,  Creation -Destruction, 
Differentiation -Indiscrimination,  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization, Success-Failure. 

con-found'-ed.    Abashed.    Goodness-Badness. 

con-found'-ed-ly.    Greatly.    Magnitude-Sma'llness. 

con"-fra-ter'-ni-ty.  Brotherhood.  Amity-Hostility, 
Association. 

confrere  [¥.].  (con •-frar').  A  fellow  member.  Antag- 
onist-Assistant, Friend-Foe. 

con"-fri-ca'-tion.  A  rubbing  together.  Friction- 
Lubrication. 

con-front'.  To  face  defiantly ;  to  put  face  to  face.  An- 
tagonism-Concurrence, Anteriority-Posterior- 
ity, Comparison,  Reprisal-Resistance;  confront 
danger,  Bravery-Cowardice;  confront  witnesses, 
Evidence-Counterevidence. 

Con-fu'-ci-uc.  Chinese  sage.  Revelation-Pseudo- 
revelation. 

con-fuse'.  To  perplex  the  mind;  to  confound;  to  de- 
range. Certainty-Doubt,  Clearness-Obscurity, 
Differentiation-Indiscrimination,  Heed-Disre- 
gard, Organization-Disorganization,  Selfre- 
spect-Humbleness. 

con-fuced'.  Distracted;  disordered.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Regularity-Ir- 
regularity, Visibility-Invisibility. 

con-fu'-sed-ness.  Disorder.  Regularity-Irregular- 
ity. 

con-fn'-sion.  Distraction;  abashment.  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization, Regularity-Irregularity 
Selfrespect-Humbleness;  confusion  of  tongues, 
Language,  '  ord-Neology;  confusion  of  vision, 
Sight-Dimsightedness;  confusion  seize,  Ciiari- 
TABLENKSs-Cur.sE;  confusion  worse  confounded, 
Regularity-Irregularity. 

con-fu'-ta-ble.    Refutable.    Proof-Disproof. 

con"-fu-ta'-tion.  Disproof.  Assertion  -  Denial, 
Proof-Disproof. 

con-fute'.    Refute.    Proof-Disproof. 

con-fu'-ted.     Refuted.     Proof-Disproof. 

con-fu'-ting.     Refuting.     Proof-Disproof. 

congg  [F.]  (con-zhe').  Leave-taking.  Arrival-De- 
parture, Commission-Abrogation,  Leave-Prohi- 
bition. 

conge  d'Hire  [F.]  (con'-zhe'  de-lir').  Permission  to 
elect.     Church. 

con-geal'.  To  freeze  hard  or  solid.  Heating-Cooling, 
Solidity-Rarity. 

con"-ge-la'-tion.     Clot.     Heating-Cooling. 

con'-ge-ner.  One  of  the  same  kind.  Admission-Ex- 
clusion, Likeness-Unlikeness. 

con-gen'-er-ous.  Concurring  in  action.  Admission- 
Exclusion. 

con-ge'-nial.  Sympathetic;  agreeable.  Harmony-Dis- 
cord, Love-Hate,  Variance-Accord. 

con-ge"-ni-al'-i-ty.  Agreeableness.  Harmony-Discord. 

con-gen'-i-tal.  Born  with  one.  Subjectiveness-Ob- 
jectiveness. 

con-^gen'-ite.  Born  with  one.  Subjectiveness-Ob- 
jectiveness. 

con-ge'-ri-es.     Mass.     Gathering-Scattering. 

con-ges'-tion.  Excess  of  blood.  Excess-Lack,  Gath- 
ering-Scattering. 

con-gla"-ci-a'-tion.  A  freezing  solid.  Heating-Cool- 
ing. 

con"-glo-ba'-tion.  Gathering  into  a  ball.  Gathering- 
Scattering. 


CONGLOMERATE. 


198 


CONNECTION— INDEPENDENCE. 


con-glom'-er-ate.  To  gather  into  a  mass.  Cohesion- 
Looseness,  Gathering-Scattering,  Solidity- 
Rarity. 

con-glom"-er-a'-tion.  Concretion.  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness. 

con-glu'-ti-nate.  To  glue  together.  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness. 

con-glu"-ti-na'-tion.  Adherence.  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness. 

con-grat'-u-late.  To  felicitate.  Felicitation;  con- 
gratulate oneself,  Felicitation,  Jubilation-Lamen- 
tation. 

con-grat"-u-la'-tion.  Act  of  congratulating.  Felici- 
tation, Jubilation-Lamentation. 

con-grat'-u-la-to-ry.  Expressing  congratulation.  Fe- 
licitation. 

Con"-gre-ga'-tion.  An  assemblage  for  religious  worship ; 
a  gathering.  Devotion-Idolatry,  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Ministry-Laity. 

Con"-gre-ga'-tion-al-ist.  A  member  of  the  Congrega- 
tional Church.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

con'-gress.  An  assembly;  a  coming  together.  Con- 
centration -  Radiation,  Conversation  -  Mono  - 
logue,   Council,    Gathering-Scattering. 

Con'-gress-man.  Member  of  Congress.  President- 
Member. 

con'-greve.  A  friction  match.  Combustible,  Weapon; 
congreve  rocket,  Weapon. 

coa'-gru-ence.     Appropriateness.     Harmony-Discord. 

con-gru'-i-ty.     Appropriateness.     Harmony-Discord. 

con'-gru-ous.    Appropriate.    Harmony-Discord. 

con'-ic-al.  Conic.  Roundness,  Sharpness-Blunt- 
ness. 

coa-jec'-tur-al.  Depending  on  conjecture.  Hypoth- 
esis. 

con-jec"-tu-ral'-i-ty.  Quality  of  being  conjectural. 
Hypothesis. 

con-jec'-ture.     To  surmise.     Hypothesis. 

con-join'.     To  unite.     Union-Disunion. 


con-joint'.     Associated.     Union-Disunion. 

con-joint'-ly.    In  association.    Addition-Subtraction. 

con'-ju-gal.     Matrimonial.     Matrimony-Celibacy. 

cqn'-ju-gate.  To  give  in  order.  Duality,  Word- 
Neology;  conjugate  in  all  its  tenses,  Recurrence. 

con"-ju-ga'-tion.  Conjunction.  Biology,  Conver- 
sion, Duality,  Grammar-Solecism,  Union-Dis- 
union, Verb. 

con-junct'.    Joined  together.    Unio'n-Disunion. 

con-junc'-tion  Aunion.  Particle,  Union-Disunion; 
in  conjunction  with,  Addition-Subtraction,  Union- 
Disunion. 

con"-ju-ra'-tion.  Invocation.  Devotion-Magic, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

con-jure'.  To  call  on  God;  bewitch.  Devotion-Magic, 
Petition-Expostulation,  Truthfulness-Fraud; 
conjure  up  a  vision,  Fancy. 

con'-jur-er.  A  juggler.  Devotion-Magician,  Gull- 
Deceiver. 

con-jur'-ing.  Appealing  to  solemnly.  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

connaitre  les  dessous  des  cartes  [F.]  (co-netr'  le  de-su' 
de  cart).  To  know  the  under  card.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance. 

con-nate'.  Innate.  Cause-Effect,  Subjectiveness- 
Objectiveness. 

con-nat'-u-ral.  Congenital.  Likeness-Unlikeness, 
Uniformity-Diversity. 

con-nat"-u-ral'-i-ty.  Natural  similarity.  Uniformity- 
Diversity. 

con-nat'-u-ral-ize .  To  connect  by  nature.  Unifor- 
mity-Diversity. 

con-nat'-u-ral-ness.  Natural  connection.  Unifor- 
mity-Diversity. 

con-nect'.  To  join;  to  associate.  Connection-Inde- 
pendence, Connective,  Union-Disunion. 

con-nect'-ed.    United.    Connection-Independence. 

con-nec'-tion.  Union.  Connection-Independence, 
Connective. 


CONNECTION— INDEPENDENCE. 


Affinity.     A  close  relationship,  whether  artificial  or  natural. 

Alliance.     A  union  of  any  kind  for  giving  mutual  aid. 

Analogy.     A  resemblance  of  relations. 

Approximation,  etc.  The  act  or  result  of  coming  near  to  without 
actually  reaching,  etc.     See  Remoteness-Nearness. 

Association.  The  relation  of  being  frequently  together,  either 
actually  or  in  thought. 

Bearing.     Relation  to  something. 

Bond  of  union.     That  which  serves  to  unite. 

Cognation.     Relationship  by  blood. 

Comparison,  etc.     Relative  resemblance,  etc.     See  Comparison. 

Concern.     Interest  felt  in  anything. 

Connection.     Relationship. 

Correlation,  etc.    Reciprocal  relation,  etc.    See  Interdependence. 

Filiation,  etc.  The  relation  of  a  child  to  a  parent,  etc.  See  Rela- 
tionship. 

Homogeneity.     Identity  or  similarity  of  nature  or  composition. 

Homology.     The  condition  of  being  similar  in  form  or  structure. 

Interest.  Importance;  feeling  of  sympathy  for  or  curiosity  about 
something. 

Link.     That  which  binds  together  separate  things. 

Proportion.     Degree  of  relationship ;  ratio. 

Ratio.     Relative  amount. 

Reference.     A  slight  relation ;  usually  in  a  single  point. 

Relation.  The  condition  of  being  in  some  way  connected,  associated, 
or  similar. 

Relevancy.  The  condition  of  being  in  some  way  suited  or  related  to 
the  matter  in  hand. 

Similarity.     Resemblance. 

Tie.     The  feeling  of  relationship  or  connection. 

Connection — Verbs. 

Affect.     To  influence  or  change  in  any  way. 
Answer  to.     To  correspond  to. 
Appertain  to.     To  have  a  proper  relation  to. 
Associate.     To  connect  in  thought  ■ 


Disassociation.     Want  of  association. 

Disconnection.     The  condition  of  lacking  relation  or  connection. 

Heterogeneity.     Dissimilarity  of  quality  or  kind. 

Impertinence.     Irrelevancy. 

Incommensurability.     The  quality  or  condition  of  two  quantities 

having  no  common  measure. 
Inconnection.     See  Disconnection. 

Inconsequence.     The  condition  of  lacking  logical  connection. 
Independence.     State  of  not  being  bound  to  anything  else. 
Intrusion,  etc.     See  Harmony-Discord. 
Irreconcilableness.     The  condition  of  not  allowing  to  be  reconciled 

or  made  to  agree. 
Irrelation.     Lack  of  relation. 
Irrelevancy.     Quality  of  not  pertaining  to:    as  a  statement  to  an 

argument. 
Misrelation.     Erroneous  relation. 
Multifariousness.     Lack  of  common  nature. 
Nihil  ad  rem  [L.].     Nothing  to  the  purpose. 
Unconformity.     Lack  of  conformity,  harmony,  or  agreement. 

Independence — Verbs. 

Bring  in  head  and  shoulders.     To  bring  in  by  force  or  violence. 
Drag  in  head  and  shoulders.     Bring  in  unnecessarily. 
Have  no  bearing  upon. 
Have  no  business  there. 
Have  no  business  with. 
Have  no  concern  with. 
Have  no  relation  to. 
Have  nothing  to  do  with.  ^ 
Intrude.     To  force  upon,  or  thrust  in  that  which  has  no  real  con- 
nection, as  in  an  argument. 
Lug  in  head  and  shoulders.     See  Bring  in  head  and  shoulders 

Independence — Adjectives. 
Adrift.     Unmoored;  floating;  hence,  without  relation  or  connection 
Alien.     Of  different  nature ;  foreign. 


■  Have  no  connection  with. 


CONNECTION. 


199 


CONNECTIVE. 


CONNECTION— INDEPENDENCE— Continued. 


CONNECTION— Verbs— Continued. 

B«ar  upon.     To  be  so  related  as  to  affect  or  influence  in  some  degree. 

Belong  to.     To  be  related  to. 

Be  related,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Bring  into  relation  with.     To  bring  into  such  a  position  as  to  affect. 

Bring  to  hear  upon.     To  cause  to  influence  or  affect. 

Concern.     To  interest  or  draw  the  attention . 

Connect.     To  unite  or  combine  in  any  manner. 

Draw  a  parallel.     To  make  a  comparison  and  point  out  the  similarity. 

Have  a  relation,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Have  to  do  with.     To  have  concern  or  relations  with. 

Interest.     To  engage  the  attention  or  curiosity  of. 

Link,  etc.     To  bind  together  separate  things,  etc.     See  Union. 

Pertain  to.     See  Appertain  to. 

Refer  to.     To  have  relation  to. 

Regard.     Same  as  Refer  to. 

Relate  to.     To  pertain  to  or  be  connected  with. 

Touch.     To  concern  or  affect. 

Connection — Adjectives. 
Affiliated.     Closely  related. 

Allied  to.     Bound  to,  as  by  treaty;  also  related  by  similarity  of  struc- 
ture, etc. 
Allusive.     Pertaining  to  indirectly. 
Approximating.     Coming  near  to  in  any  respect. 
Approximative.     Tending  to,  or  obtained  by,  approximation. 
Appurtenant  to.     Relating  to  something  more  important. 
Associated.     Connected  in  thought,  etc. 
Belonging  to,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Cognate.     Related  by  blood. 
Comparable.     Allowing  of  comparison. 
Connected.     See  Verbs. 
Correlative.     Having  a  reciprocal  relation. 
En  rapport  [F.].     In  harmony  or  agreement. 

Implicated.     Connected  with,  or  involved  in ;  often  in  a  bad  sense. 
In  common  with.     Having  the  same  part  or  interest  as  others. 
In  relation  with.     Related. 

In  the  same  category.     Of  the  same  kind  or  class. 
Like.     Similar. 
Proportionable.  \ 

Proportional.       >  Varying  as  something  else  varies. 
Proportionate.    ) 

Referable  to.     Capable  of  being  considered  in  relation  to. 
Related.   1  g      y    b 
Relating./  see  veros' 
Relative.      Having  relation;  pertaining. 
Relative  to.     Pertaining  to. 
Relevant.     See  Relevancy. 

Connection — Adverbs,  etc. 
About;  anent,  concerning;  in  regard  to;  as  far  as;  as  for;  as  relates 

to;    as   respects;   as  to;  by   the  bye;    by   the   way;   concerning; 

forasmuch  as;  in  as  much  as;  in  connection  with;  in  point  of; 

in  respect  of;  on  the  score  of;  pertinently,   etc.  (see  Harmony)  ; 

pro  re  nata[h.],  according  to  the  circumstances;  quoad  hoc  [L.], 

to  this  extent,  as  far  as  this;  relating  to;  thereof ;  under  the  head; 

whereas;  while  speaking  a  propos,  while  speaking  to  the  point; 

while   speaking   to;  with    reference    to;    with   relation   to;    with 

respect  to. 

Connection — Phrase. 
Thereby    hangs    a    tale.      [Shakespeare,  As   You   Like   It,  II,  vii; 

Taming  of  the  Shrew,  IV,  i .] 


Not  connected  with  the  point,  etc. 


INDEPENDENCE— Adverbs—  Continued  from  Column  2. 

Parenthetically,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Without  reference  to.)  T    ,  ,     rf       , 

Without  regard  to.      1  Independently  of. 


INDEPENDENCE— Adjectives— Continued. 

A  propos  de  bottes    [F.J.      With    reference  to  the  boots;    without 

relevancy. 
Arbitrary.     Without  logical  connection. 
Away  from  the  point. 
Away  from  the  purpose. 
Away  from  the  question. 
Away  from  the  transaction. 
Beside  the  mark. 
Beside  the  point. 
Beside  the  purpose. 
Beside  the  question. 
Beside  the  transaction. 
Detached.     Disconnected. 
Disconnected.     Separated;  disunited. 
Discordant,  etc.     Contradictory;    disagreeing,  etc.     See  Harmony* 

Discord. 
Episodic.     Out  of  the  regular  course  of   events;  as  an  episode  of 

an  epic  poem;  not  directly  connected. 
Exotic.     Foreign;  of  another  kind  or  nature. 
Extraneous.     Having  no  essential  relation;  irrelevant. 
Far  fetched.     Studiously  sought;  not  natural  or  obvious. 
Forced.     Not  arising  from  natural  causes  or  relations.  » 

Foreign.     Not  native;  having  no  relation. 
Foreign  to  the  point.  ■* 

Foreign  to  the  purpose.         !  N      ^rtinent. 
Foreign  to  the  question.  ^ 

Foreign  to  the  transaction.  J 

Heterogeneous.     Dissimilar  in  structure  or  kind. 
Impertinent.     Having  no  bearing  on  the  subject;  irrelevant. 
Inapplicable.     Not  suited  to  the  matter  in  hand. 
Inapposite.     Not  pertinent. 

Incidental.     Happening  by  chance;  without  regularity  or  design. 
Incommensurable.     See  Nouns. 

Independent.     Separate  or  disconnected;  having  no  connections. 
Insular.     Standing  alone;  isolated. 
Irrelative.     Without  mutual  connection;  unconnected. 
Irrelevant.     Foreign  to  the  subject ;  impertinent. 
Irrespective.     Lacking  relation. 
Isolated.     Detached  or  insular. 
Misplaced.     Placed  out  of  natural  relations. 
Multifarious.     Having  great  diversity  or  variety. 
Neither  here  nor  there.      Foreign  to  the  subject  under  discussion. 
Not  comparable.     Not  allowing  of  comparison. 
Not  pertinent.     Not  to  the  point. 
Not  to  the  purpose.     Irrelevant. 

Obiter  dictum  [L.].     Something  spoken  by  the  way  or  in  passing. 
Outlandish.     Not  according  to  usage ;  uncouth. 
Out  of  the  way.     Foreign. 
Parenthetical.     Not  essentially  a  part. 
Quite  another  thing.     An  entirely  different  matter. 
Remote.     Having  slight  relation  or  connection. 
Segregate.     Separate;  select. 
Strange.     Not  related;  belonging  elsewhere. 
Unallied.     Not  bound  to;  also,  not  similar  in  form  or  structure. 
Unconformable.     See  Conventionality-Unconventionality. 
Unconnected.     Not  logically  or  naturally  related. 

Independence — Adverbs. 

A  se  [L.].     By  itself. 

By  the  bye.     By  the  way. 

By  the  way.     Incidentally. 

En  passant  [F.].     In  passing;  by  the  way. 

Incidentally.     In  a  closely  related  way. 

Irrespectively,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

In  the  abstract.     In  its  general  meaning. 

{Continued  on  Column  1.) 


con-nect'-ive. 
Particle. 


That    which    connects.      Connective, 


CONNECTIVE. 


Connecting  medium.     Means  of  uniting. 
Connective.     That  which  connects. 
Intermedium.     Connective. 

Connective — Denotations. 
Anchor.     An  iron  instrument  which  by  laying  hold  of  the  bottom 
retains  a  ship  in  a  particular  station. 


Bandage.     A  strip  of  cloth  to  retain  dressings  on  wounds. 
Birdlime.     Sticky  substance  smeared  on  twigs  to  catch  birds. 
Bolt.     A  strong  pin  of  iron  used  to  hold  something  in  place. 
Bond.     That  which  binds,  ties,  or  fastens. 
Bond  of  union.     Anything  that  serves  to  join  together. 
Brace.     That  which  holds  or  supports  anything  firmly;  an  arm. 
Bracket.     Anything  used  to  support  a  weight;  a  mark  of  punctua- 
tion. 
Brad.     A  small  nail. 
Braid.     Woven  tape. 
Bridge.     A  roadway  over  a  stream. 
Buckle.     A  device  for  fastening  things  together. 


CONNECTIVE. 


200 


CONSCIENTIOUSNESS 


Buty^.     A  catch  of  various  materials  to  fasten  the  parts  of  dress. 

Cable.     A  strong  rope  or  chain  used  to  retain  a  vessel  at  anchor. 

Catch.     That  by  which  anything  is  fastened. 

Cement.     A  calcined  limestone  mortar. 

Cestus.     A  strap  worn  around  the  arm  by  ancient  boxers. 

Chain.     A  series  of  metal  links  used  as  a  rope. 

Clamp.     Something  rigid  that  holds  fast  or  binds  things  together. 

Clasp.     An  adjustable  catch  for  holding  two  objects  together. 

Connection.     Anything  serving  to  unite  two  objects. 

Copula.     A  word  which  unites  the  subject  and  the  predicate. 

Cord.     A  small  rope  or  string. 

Cordage.     Ropes  or  cords  collectively. 

Corking-pin.    A  pin  formerly  used  in  attaching  a  woman's  head-dress 

to  a  cork  model. 
Cramp.     A  mechanical  device  for  binding  pieces  together. 
Fastening.     Anything  used  for  uniting  or  joining. 
Fiber.     One  of  the  threadlike  portions  of  which  the  tissues  of  plant* 

and  animals  are  made  up. 
Fillet.     A  ribbon  for  encircling  the  head. 
Garter.     A  band  for  fastening  a  stocking. 
Girder.     A  beam  bearing  vertically  upon  its  supports. 
Girdle.     A  belt  for  holding  articles  of  dress. 
Girth.     A  band  with  which  a  saddle  is  fastened  on  a  horse. 
Glue.     A  substance  for  sticking. 

Grappling-iron.     A  device  having  claws  for  fastening  or  holding. 
Grout.     A  mortar. 

Gum.     A  substance  of  sticky  properties. 
Halser.     A  cable. 

Hank.     Rope;  one  or  more  skeins  of  yarn. 
Harness.     A  horse's  equipment  for  drawing  a  wagon. 
Hasp.     A  metal  hook  for  fastening  a  door. 
Hawser.     A  large  rope. 

Hinge.     A  device  for  holding  a  door  fast  to  a  building. 
Holdfast.     Anything  used  to  secure  or  hold  in  place. 
Hook.     A  piece  of  metal  bent  at  an  angle  for  catching  anything. 
Hook  and  eye.     A  wire  hook  and  loop  for  holding  the  edges  of  a 

garment  together. 
Inkle.     A  tape  or  braid. 

Isthmus.     A  narrow  neck  of  land  joining  two  larger  portions. 
Junction.     That  which  serves  as  a  connection.     See  Union. 
Knot.     A  fastening  together  of  the  parts  or  ends  of  one  or  more 

threads. 
Lasso.     A  rope  with  a  running  noose. 
Latch.     That  which  fastens  or  holds. 
Latchet.     The  string  that  fastens  a  shoe. 

Ligament.     A  cord  that  unites  bones  and  muscles  in  the  body. 
Ligature.     Anything  which  serves  to  bind. 
Line.     A  linen  thread  or  string. 
Lock.     A  fastening  for  a  door. 
Lute.     A  cement. 

Moorings.     That  which  serves  to  confine  a  ship  to  a  place. 
Mortar.     A  plaster  made  by  mixing  lime,  cement,  etc. 
Kail.     An  iron  pin  for  holding  timbers  together. 
Noose.     A  running  knot  or  loop. 
Padlock.     A  lock  which  fastens  by  means  of  a  bow  fitting  through  a 

staple. 
Painter.     A  rope  used  to  fasted  a  boat. 
Paste.     Any  substance  used  for  sticking. 

Pin.     A  piece  of  metal  used  for  holding  separate  articles  together. 
Plaster.     A  substance  or  mixture  used  for  holding  stones  together. 
Post.     A  piece  of  timber  used  as  a  stay  or  support  for  something. 
Prop.     A  piece  of  timber  which  is  used  for  supporting  anything. 
Putty.     A  thick  paste  made  of  whiting  and  linseed  oil. 
Rein.     The  strap  of  a  bridle  by  which  the  driver  governs  the  horse. 
Ribband.     A  ribbon. 
Rigging.     Ropes,  as  of  a  ship. 
Rivet.     A  metallic  pin,  the  end  of  which  can  be  beaten  to  cov^r  a 

large  space. 
Roller.     A  bandage  rolled  up. 
Running  knot.     Knot  made  to  slip  along  a  noose. 
Running  rigging.     Ropes  controlling  the  sails. 
Screw.     A  piece  of  metal  with  a  thread  winding  around  it  spirally. 
Shackle.     A  fetter  for  the  legs. 
Size.     Sticky  substance  used  in  gilding. 
Skewer.     A  wooden  pin  used  to  hold  meat. 
Solder.     A  metallic  alloy  easily  melted,  used  for  uniting  edges  of 

metallic  articles. 
Stake.     A  post  for  tying  things  to. 
Standing  rigging.      Permanent  ropes  of  sails. 
Staple.     A  U-shaped  piece  of  metal  for  holding  the  fastening  of  a 

padlock. 
Stepping-stone.     A  connection 
Snap.     A  band  of  leather. 


String.     A  small  cord. 

Stucco.     Plaster  used  for  external  purposes. 

Surcingle.     A  girth  of  a  beast  of  burden,  holding  on  the  saddle  or 

blanket. 
Tack.     A  short  nail. 
Tackle.     A  mechanism  of  ropes,  pulley  blocks,  etc.,  for  raising  and 

lowering  weights. 
Tag.     A  direction  card  or  label. 
Tendon.     A  cord  to  which  muscles  are  attached. 
Tendril.     That  part  of  a  plant  which  winds  itself  about  objects  and 

supports  the  plant. 
Thong.     A  long  narrow  strip  of  leather  used  for  fastening- 
Tie.     A  bond. 

Tie  beam.     A  timber  that  serves  as  a  tie,  as  between  walls. 
Tooth.     Projecting  stones  or  bricks  to  which  material  is  attached. 
Traces,     The  straps  of  a  harness  attached  to  the  vehicle. 
Trennel.     A  slender  piece  of  wood  used  in  fastening  timbers  together 
Vinculum.     A  bond  of  union. 
Wafer.     A  disk  used  in  sealing  letters. 
Wire.     A  metal  cord. 

Withe  J  ^  kana<  made  of  twisted  shoots  of  trees  o*-  shrubs. 

Withy.     A  rope  made  of  withes. 

Yoke.     A  frame  or  cross-bar  for  coupling  animals. 

Connective — Verbs. 

Bridge  over.     To  make  a  passage  over. 

Connect,  etc.     To  join  together  as  by  links  or  fastenings,  etc.     See 

Union. 
Hang,  etc.     To  fasten  or  attach  to  some  object  above,  etc.     See 

Suspension. 
Span.     To  attach. 

conned,  well.     Well  learnt.     Knowledge-Ignorance. 

con-nex'-ion.  Same  as  connection.  Connection- 
Independence,  Relationship,  Union-Disunion;  in 
connexion  with,  Connection-Independence. 

con-nex-ions.  Connections.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

con-ni'-vance.    Act  of  conniving.    Leave-Prohibition. 

con-nive'.  To  look  over.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness, Leave-Prohibition. 

con"-nois-seur' .  A  judge  of  art.  Adept-Bungler, 
Decision-Misjudgment,  Scholar-Dunce,  Taste- 
Vulgarity. 

con'-no-tate.    To  indicate  as  by  a  word.     Sign. 

con-no'-ta-tive.    Implying  a  correlative.    Sign. 

con-note'.    To  connotate.    Sign. 

con-nu'-bi-al.    Matrimonial.    Matrimony-Celibacy. 

conoscente  [It.]  (co-no-shen'-te) .  A  knowing  one. 
Vulgarity. 

con'-quer.    To  overcome.    Success-Failure. 

con'-quered.     Overcome.     Success-Failure. 

con'-quer-ing  he'-ro  comes.     Solemnization. 

con'-quer-or.     One  who  conquers.     Success-Failure. 

con'-quest.     Something  conquered.    Success-Failure. 

con"-san-guin'-e-ous.    Akin.    Relationship. 

con"-san-guin'-i-ty.  Blood-relationship.  Relation- 
ship, Parentage-Progeny. 

conscza  recti,  mens  [L.]  (con'-shi-a  rec'-tai,  menz).  A 
mind  conscious  of  rectitude.  Innocence-Guilt, 
Selfrespect-Humbleness,  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty. 

con'-science.  The  moral  sense.  Duty-Dereliction, 
Feeling-Insensibility,  Knowledge-Ignorance; 
awakened  conscience,  Repentance-Obduracy;  clear 
conscience,  Innocence-Guilt;  in  all  conscience, 
Assertion-Denial,  Magnitude-Smallness;  qualms 
of  conscience,  Repentance-Obduracy  ;  stricken  ccn- 
science,  Repentance-Obduracy;  tender  conscience, 
Duty-Dereliction. 

conscientia  sana,  murus  cereus  [L.]  (con-si-en'-shi-a 
s£'-na,  miu'-rus  i'-ri-us).  A  sound  conscience  is  a 
wall  of  brass.    Innocence-Guilt. 

con"-sci-en'-tious.  Governed  by  conscience.  Duty- 
Dereliction,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

con"-sci-en'-tious-ness.  Scrupulousness.  Duty-Dere- 
liction, Knowledge-Ignorance. 


CONSCIOUS. 


201 


CONSEQUENCE— INSIGNIFICANCE. 


con'-scious.  Aware  of  one's  existence.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Mind-Imbecility;  conscious  of  disgrace, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

con'-scious-ness.     Sensation.     Feeling-Insensibility. 

con'-script.  One  enrolled  in  military  service.  Bel- 
ligerent. 

con-scrip'-tion.    A  compulsory  enrollment.    Coercion. 

con'-se-crate.  To  set  apart  for  sacred  purposes. 
Church,  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Reputation- 
Discredit,  Use-Disuse. 

con'-se-cra"-ted.  Dedicated.  Godliness-Ungodli- 
ness. 

con"-se-cra'-tion.  The  act  of  consecrating.  Cere- 
monial, Church,  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Repu- 
tation-Discredit. 

con-sec'-ta-ry.  Following.  Proof-Disproof;  consec- 
tary  reasoning,  Ratiocination-Casuistry. 

con"-se-cu'-tion.  A  being  consecutive.  Precedence- 
Succession. 

con-sec'-u-tire.  Successive.  Continuity-Interrup- 
tion, Precedence-Succession. 

con-sec'-u-tive-ly.  Successively.  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness. 

con-sec'-u-tive-ness.  State  of  following  in  order.  Con- 
tinuity-Interruption. 

consensus  facit,  auxilia  humilia  firma  [L.]  (con-sen'- 
sus  fe-sit,  aux-il'-i-a  hiu-mil'-i-a  fir'-ma).  Concord 
makes  feeble  assistance  strong.    Harmony-Discord. 

con-sent'.  To  assent;  to  acquiesce.  Assent-Dissent, 
Consent,  Cooperation-Opposition,  Harmony-Dis- 
cord; with  one  consent,  Assent-Dissent,  Coopera- 
tion-Opposition. 

CONSENT. 

Acceptance.     Acknowledgment  of  the  validity  of  a  debt,  or  the 

agreement  to  pay. 
Accession.     A  coming  together. 
Acknowledgment.     An  open  expression  of  something  more  or  less 

successfully  held  from  others. 
Acquiescence.     Compliance  from  indifference  or  supposed  necessity. 
Agnition.     Acknowledgment. 
Agreement.      Harmony  in  any  respect. 
Approval,  etc.     Open  expression  of  satisfaction  with  something,  etc. 

See  Approval. 
Assent,   etc.     Recognition   of   the   truth    of   something,   etc.     See 

Assent. 
Compliance.     Giving  in  without  reason  to  another's  request. 
Concession.       A  courteous  or  discreet  giving  in  when  not  actually 

compelled  to. 
Confirmation.     The  act  or  process  of  making  more  sure  or  firm. 
Consent.     Expression  of  approval  or  allowance  upon  request. 
Permit,  etc.     A  written  license,  etc.     See  Leave. 


Promise,  etc.     A  declaration  to  do  something  in  the  future,  etc 

See  Engagement. 
Ratification.     The  act  or  process  of  making  valid. 
Settlement.     The  act  or  process  of  adjusting. 
Yieldance.     The  act  of  giving  up  under  any  conditions. 
Yieldingness.     The  quality  of  yielding. 

Consent — Verbs. 
Accept.     To  acknowledge  as  valid. 
Acknowledge.     To  recognize  openly. 

Acquiesce.     To  comply  with  indifference  or  from  necessity. 
Admit.     To  acknowledge  as  true. 
Agnize.     To  acknowledge. 
Allow.     To  give  in  after  argument. 

Assent,  etc.     To  recognize  the  truth  of  something,  etc.     See  Assent. 
Concede.     To  give  in  courteously  when  not  compelled  to. 
Consent.     To  allow  upon  request. 
Deign.     To  condescend. 
Grant.     To  assume  without  debate. 
Promise,  etc.     To  declare  oneself  about  to  do  something  in  the 

future,  etc.     See  Engagement. 
Satisfy.     To  gratify  the  desire  of. 
Settle.     To  arrange  in  a  satisfactory  manner. 
Vouchsafe.     Grant. 
Yield.     To  give  in. 

Consent — Verbal  Expressions. 

Agree  to;  close  with,  to  agree  with;  come  over,  come  round,  come  to 
terms,  etc.,  to  yield  (see  Assent);  comply  with;  embrace  an  offer; 
fall  in  with,  to  agree  to;  give  consent;  give  in  to;  have  no  objection; 
jump  at;  meet  one's  wishes;  not  refuse,  etc.  (see  Proffer- 
Refusai.)',  take  at  one's  word;  turn  a  willing  ear,  etc.  (see  Readi- 
ness) 

Consent — Adjectives. 

Agreed,  etc.     Of  the  same  opinion,  etc.     See  Assent. 
Consenting,  etc.     Giving  consent,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Squeezable.     Able  to  be  coerced. 
Unconditional.     Without  conditions. 

Consent — Adverbs. 
Yes,  etc.     Expression  of  agreement,  etc.     See  Assent. 

Consent — Adverbial  Expressions. 
As  you  please;   be  it  so;   by  all  means,  etc.  (see  Readiness);  if  yoti 
please;  of  course;  so  be  it;  well  and  good. 

Consent — Phrase. 
Chi  face  acconsente  [It.].     Silence  gives  consent. 

con"-sen-ta'-ne-ous.  Acquiescent.  Harmony-Dis- 
cord. 

con-sent'-ing.     Agreeing.     Consent. 

con'-se-quence.  Result;  distinction.  Cause-Effect, 
Consequence-Insignificance,  Occurrence-Des- 
tiny; in  consequence,  Cause-Effect,  Proof-Dis- 
proof; take  the  consequences,  Cause-Effect. 


CONSEQUENCE— INSIGNIFICANCE. 


Concern.  That  which  relates  to  one's  welfare  or  happiness,  espe- 
cially if  important. 

Consequence.     That  which  is  important  with  respect  to  what  follows. 

Consideration.     Claim  to  be  noticed;  importance. 

Emphasis.  The  act  of  clearly  and  forcibly  bringing  out  an  important 
thought. 

Gravity.     Importance  and  seriousness;  weight. 

Greatness,  etc.  The  state,  condition,  or  quality  of  being  important 
and  eminent,  etc.     See  Magnitude. 

Import.     Weight  and  consequence. 

Importance.     The  quality  of  being  important  or  weighty. 

Interest.     Attention  with  a  feeling  of  concern. 

Mark.     Eminence  or  conspicuousness. 

Materialness.     The  state  of  being  of  consequence  or  importance. 

Moment.     Consequence  in  influence  or  effect. 

Notability,  etc.  The  quality  of  being  worthy  of  notice,  etc.  See 
Reputation. 

Pressure.     Urgency  of  any  kind. 

Prominence,     The  quality  or  state  of  being  eminent  and  important. 

Seriousness.     The  quality  of  being  grave  or  weighty. 

Significance .     The  quality  or  state  of  being  important  or  momentous. 

Solemnity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  solemn  or  serious 

Stress.     Urgency;  importance. 


Frivolity.     The  quality  or  condition  of  being  void  of  significance. 

Immateriality.     Unimportance. 

Insignificance.     That  which  is  trivial  and  unimportant. 

Levity.     Lack  of  seriousness  and  earnestness;  frivolity. 

Nonentity.     That  which  does  not  exist  or  is  of  little  account. 

Nothingness.     The  condition  of  being  without  value. 

Paltriness,  etc.  The  quality  of  being  trifling  or  valueless,  etc.  Se« 
Adjectives. 

Poverty.  The  state  of  being  without  the  needful  and  important 
means  of  a  comfortable  livelihood.  I 

Smallness,  etc.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  unimportant  and 
trivial,  etc.     See  Magnitude-Smallness. 

Triviality.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  of  little  worth  or  impor- 
tance ,  like  gossip  at  the  street  corners. 

Unimportance.     The  quality  of  being  without  weight  or  consequence 

Vanity,  etc.     See  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

Insignificance — Denotations. 

Cipher.     The  symbol  of  zero,  or  the  absence  of  quantity. 
Details.     Comparatively  small  parts  of  anything;  items. 
Hardly  anything.     Such  a  small  portion  as  to  be  scarcely  noticeable 
Matter  of  indifference.     That  which  may  be  passed  over  without 
notice.     See  Unconcern. 


CONSEQUENCE. 


202 


CONSEQUENCE— INSIGNIFICANCE. 


CONSEQUENCE— INSIGNIFICANCE— Continued. 


Superiority,  etc.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  higher  or  greater  in 

excellence,  etc.     See  Supremacy. 
JJrgency.     Pressure;   insistence. 
Usefulness,  etc.     See  Usefulness. 
Value,  etc.     See  Goodness. 
Weight,  etc.     See  Dominance. 

Consequence — Denotations. 
Essential  part.     The  part  containing  the  essence  or  characteristic 

portion  of  a  substance. 
Gravamen  [L.].     Ground  of  complaint. 
Great  doings.      Important  actions. 
Great  point.     An  important  part. 
Great  thing.     An  important  act. 

Important  part.     A  part  of  great  weight  or  consequence. 
Main  chance.      Best  opportunity. 
Memorabilia  [L.].     Remarkable  things. 
Notabilia  [L.].     Things  worth  knowing. 
Prima  donna  [It.].     The  leading  female  singer  in  an  opera 
Principal  part.     Most  necessary  part. 
Prominent  part.     A  leading  part. 
Red  letter  day.     A  holiday;  so  called  from  denoting  church  holidays 

on  the  old  calendars  with  red  letters. 
Sine  qua  non  [L.].     That  which  is  indispensable. 
The  be  all  and  the  end  all.     That  on  which  everything  depends. 

[Shakespeare,  Macbeth,  I,  vi.] 
Trump  card.     The  card  that  determines  the  trump  suit;  the  leading 

card. 

Consequence — Figurative  Nouns. 
Breath  of  one's  nostrils.     See  Life.     [Isaiah  vii,  22.] 
Cardinal  point.     The  most  important  point;  the  hinge. 
Chief.     The  highest ;  the  head. 
Core.     The  heart  of  a  matter. 

Corner-stone.     That  on  which  anything  depends  for  support. 
First  fiddle.     The  leading  part  or  actor. 
Gist,  etc.     See  Subjectiveness. 
Half  the  battle.     An  earnest  attempt. 
Head  and  front.     The  leading  part. 
Heart.     The  most  important  part  of  anything. 
Kernel.     The  very  center  of  anything. 
Keynote.     That  which  controls  everything. 
Keystone.     That  which  holds  all  together. 
Matter  of  life  and  death.     Matter  of  the  gravest  importance. 

No  toughing  matter.}  A  matter  o£  some  imP°rtanc<=- 
Nucleus.     The  center  of  anything. 
Salient  points.     A  conspicuous  part. 
Salt.     The  seasoning;  that  which  makes  important. 
Substance.     The  solid  part  of  anything. 
Top-sawyer.     A  superior. 

Triton  among  the  minnows.      A  big  fish  among  small  fish.     M  Hear 
old  Triton  blow  his  wreathed  horn."    [Wordsworth,  Sonnet,  i,  3$.] 

Consequence — Verbs. 
Accentuate.     To  denote  the  importance  of  by  accent. 
Ascribe  importance  to,  etc.l  To  ascribe,  attach,  or  give  weight  or 
Attach  importance  to,  etc.    )       significance  to,  etc.     See  Nouns. 
Be  an  object.     Be  something  important. 
Be  important,  etc.     Be  of  consequence;    be  prominent,  etc.     See 

Adjectives. 
Be  in  the  ascendant.      Have  dominant  power  or  influence. 
Be  somebody.     Be  a  person  of  importance  and  consideration. 
Be  something.     Be  a  person  or  thing  of  importance. 
Be  worthy  of  consideration.    Be  worth  noticing. 
Be  worthy  of  notice.      Deserve  to  be  noticed  or  heeded. 
Be  worthy  of  regard.     Be  important. 
Boot.      Profit;  advantage. 
Care  for.     Be  concerned  for. 
Carry  weight,  etc.     See  Dominance. 

Come  to  the  front.      To  attain  importance  or  prominence. 
Deserve  consideration.      Be  worthy  of  regard. 
Deserve  notice.      Be  worthy  of  heed  or  attention. 
Deserve  regard.     Be  worthy  of  particular  attention. 
Emphasize.      Denote  the  importance  of  by  emphasis. 
Give  importance  to.     Emphasize. 
Import.     Be  of  importance  or  moment. 
Lay  stress  on.      Attach  importance  to. 
Lead  the  way.      Be  in  the  front  rank;  be  superior. 
Lie  at  the  root  of.     Be  the  primary  cause  of. 
Make  a  figure,  etc.     See  Reputation. 

Make  a  fuss  about.  \  n         ,  .  ,    . 

mm  ,  .  .        .     .      .   r  Be  unduly  concerned  about. 

Make  a  piece  of  work  about.  I  J 


INSIGNIFICANCE— Denotations— Continued. 

Mere  joke.     Something  of  no  practical  value  or  meaning. 

Mere  nothing.     A  thing  of  the  slightest  value  or  consideration. 

Minor  details.     The  smallest  or  unimportant  parts  of  anything. 

Minutiae  [L.].     Small  details. 

Much  ado  about  nothing.  Unnecessary  thought  or  attention  about 
trifles.     See  Overvaluation.     [Shakespeare,  name  of  a  play.] 

No  great  matter.     An  unimportant  subject. 

No  object.     Anything  of  no  consequence. 

Nothing  particular.  Something  having  no  direct  bearing  upon  a 
subject. 

Nothing  to  boast  of. 

Nothing  to  signify  1  „„  .  .  ...      _    . 

Nothing  to  speak  of.  f  T*1"1^  of  little  effect  or  consequence. 

Nothing  worth  speaking  of.  J 

Peu  de  chose  [F.].     A  trifle. 

Scarcely  anything.  A  quantity  or  effect  so  small  as  to  be  just  notice- 
able. 

Small  matter.     A  trifle. 

Trifle.     Anything  of  very  little  value  or  importance. 

Trifling  matter,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Insignificance — Figurative  Nouns. 

Bagatelle  [F.].     A  trifle. 

Bauble.     A  trivial,  childish  matter. 

Brass  farthing.     A  farthing  made  of  brass;  hance,  anything  without 

value. 
Bubble.     A  globule  of  liquid  filled  with  air;  hence,  anything  without 

substance  or  foundation. 
Button.     A  small  article  for  fastening  the  dress;  hence,  anything 

small. 
Chaff.     The  husk  of  grain;  hence,  anything  worthless. 
Child's  play.     That  which  a  child  might  do ;  hence,  a  very  easy  task. 
Cobweb.     A  spider's  web. 
Cobwebs.     Accumulated  rubbish. 
Doit.     A  small  Netherland  coin. 

Drop  in  the  ocean.     Anything  of  the  smallest  consequence. 
Drug.     Anything  practically  valueless  from  oversupply. 
Dust  in  th  >  balance.     That  which  causes  the  least  effect. 
Farthing.     A  coin  whose  value  is  one-fourth  of  the  English  penny, 

hence,  a  small  trifle. 
Fatras  [F.].     Trash. 
Feather  in  the  scale.     Anything  whose  weight  or  influence  is  almost 

imperceptible. 
Fiddleend.     The  small  end  of  anything. 
Fiddlestick.     An  insignificant  or  nonsensical  thing. 
Flash  in  the  pan.     See  Might-Impotence. 

Flea  bite.  The  slightest  sting;  hence,  that  which  amounts  to  nothing. 
Frippery.     Mean  or  worthless  things. 
Froth.     Light,  unsubstantial  matter. 
Fudge.     Nonsensical  talk.     See  Meaning-Jargon. 
Gewgaw.     A  tawdry  useless  ornament. 
Gimcrack.     A  cheap  thing. 

Half-penny.     Anything  cheap  or  of  little  worth. 
Jest.     An  object  of  laughter  or  sport. 
Jot.     The  smallest  trifle,  from  the  name  of  the  smallest  Greek  letter 

iota. 
Kickshaw.     Anything  trifling. 
Knickknack.     A  showy  trifle. 
Leather  or  prunello.     Something  trifling,  prunello  being  a  woolen 

material  used  for  making  shoes.    [Pope,  Essay  on  Man,  iv,  203.] 
Mere  farce.     The  simplest  good  for  nothing. 
Mole  hill.     Anything  comparatively  small  and  unimportant. 
Nine  days*  wonder.     Something  that  excites  public  wonder  for  a  few 

days. 
No  great  shakes.     Anything  of  little  effect  or  influence. 
Old  song.     Anything  worn  out  by  use. 
Pack  of  nonsense.     Foolish  trifling. 
Paper  pellet.     Anything  harmless. 
Peppercorn.     Anything *of  small  value  or  importance. 
Pin.     Anything  as  valuable  as  a  pin. 
Pinch  of  snuff.     Anything  of  little  value. 
Plaything.     Anything  of  little  practical  use. 
Popgun.     A  plaything. 

Rap.     A  spurious  coin  used  in  Ireland ;  hence,  anything  worthless. 
Refuse,  etc.     See  Usefulness-Uselessness. 
Ridiculus  mus  [L.].     A  funny  little  mouse.     [Born  of  a  mountain 

Horace,  Ars  Poetica,  139.] 
Rubbish.     "Waste  material. 
Scum.     See  Cleanness-Filthiness. 
Small  fry.      A  thing  of  least   importance. 


CONSEQUENCE. 


203 


CONSEQUE-NCE— INSIGNIFICANCE. 


CONSEQUENCE—  INSIGNIFICANCE—  Continued. 


CONSEQUENCE—  Verbs—  Continued. 

Make  a  stir  about.     Create  a  bustle  about. 

Make  much  ado  about.     Make  a  bustle  about  trifles. 

Make  much  of.     Regard  with  consideration  or  esteem. 

Make  of.     Give  attention  to. 

Mark,  etc.     See  Sign. 

Mark  with  a  white  stone.     To  make  very  conspicuous. 

Matter.     To  be  of  importance. 

Merit.     To  deserve. 

Play  first  fiddle.     To  be  first  in  importance. 

Print  in  capitals. 

Print  in  italics. 

Print  in  large  letters. 

Print  in  large  type. 

Print  in  letters  of  gold. 

Put  in  capitals. 

Putin  italics. 

Put  in  large  letters. 

Put  in  large  type.  I 

Put  in  letters  of  gold.     J 

Signify.     Import. 

Take  the  lead.     Go  first. 

Throw  all  else  into  the  shade.     To  be  much  superior  to  anything  else 

Underline.     Indicate  the  importance  of  by  drawing  a  line  under. 

Value.     To  esteem  highly. 

Write  in  capitals. 


To  indicate   the  importance  of  words  by 
printing  them  in  capitals,  etc. 


Write  in  italics. 
Write  in  large  letters. 
Write  in  large  type. 
Write  in  letters  of  gold. 


Put  in  capitals,  etc. 


Consequence — Adjectives. 

All-absorbing.     So  important  as  to  absorb  all  the  attention. 

Capital.     Of  chief  importance. 

Cardinal.     Fundamental  and  important;  like  the  hinge  to  the  door. 

Chief.     Highest  in  importance;  head. 

Commanding.     Dominant  and  important. 

Considerable,  etc.     See  Magnitude. 

Critical.     Important  with  reference  to  consequences. 

Earnest.     Important  and  serious. 

Ecbatic.     Indicating  the  possible  results  of  an  event. 

Egregious.     Extraordinary  and  important. 

Emphatic.     Forcible  and  important. 

Essential.     Indispensable  and  important. 

Eventful.     Full  of  important  events. 

First-rate.     Of  the  highest  importance  and  excellence. 

Foremost.     Most  important  in  time  or  place. 

Grand.     Transcendent  in  importance  and  impressiveness. 

Grave.     Serious,  or  weighty,  and  important. 

Important.     Having  weight  or  consequence. 

Imposing.     Impressive  and  important. 

Impressive.     Producing  an  impression  on  the  feelings. 

Instant.     Urgent  and  important. 

In  the  front  rank.     Leading  and  important. 

Leading.     Chief. 

Main.     Most  important;  principal. 

Marked,  etc.     Noticeable,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Material.     Of  importance  and  consequence. 

Memorable.     Very  remarkable  and  worthy  of  remembrance. 

Momentous.     Of  great  weight  and  importance. 

Never  to  be  forgotten.     So  important  as  to  always  be  remembered. 

Noble.     Magnificent;  grand. 

Notable.     Worthy  of  notice;  remarkable. 

Not  to  be  despised.     Important. 

Not  to  be  overlooked.     Worthy  of  notice. 

Not  to  be  sneezed  at.      Not  to  be  despised. 

Of  importance.     Important. 

Of  note,  etc.     Of  distinction  and  importance,  etc.     See  Reputation. 

Of  vital  importance.     Of  essential  consequence. 

Overruling.     Having  a  controlling  influence. 

Paramount.     Superior  and  preeminent. 

Pregnant.     Having  great  weight  or  importance. 

Pressing.     Urgent  and  important. 

Primary.     First  in  importance. 

Prime.     Chief  in  importance. 

Principal.      Highest  in  importance. 

Prominent.      Eminent;  marked  in  importance. 

Radical.     Thorough -going  and  important. 

Rare,  etc.     See  Solidity-Rarity. 

Remarkable.     Worthy  of  notice;  extraordinary. 

Salient.     Prominent  and  noticeable. 


INSIGNIFICANCE— Figurative  "Hows— Continued. 
Smoke.     Anything  of  little  effect. 
Snap  of  the  ringers.     Anything  of  as  little  effect  or  consequence  as  a 

snap  of  the  fingers. 
Straw.     The  stalk  of  various  grains;  hence,  anything  worthless. 
Stuff.     Anything  that  cannot  be  put  to  a  particular  use. 
Toy.     A  plaything. 
Trash.     Things  of  no  use. 
Trifles   light   as   air.     Things  of   no  consequence.       [Shakespeare, 

Othello,  III,  Hi.] 
Trifling  matter,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

T rum    '     j  Something  worn  only  for  ornament. 

Weed.     Good  for  nothing  articles. 
Whimwham.     An  aimless  action. 

Insignipicance — Verbs. 

Be  unimportant,  etc.         Be  of  no  consequence  or  weight,  etc.     See 

Adjectives. 
Catch  at  straws,  etc.     See  Overvaluation, 
Go  for  little.     Be  of  little  importance. 
Go  for  little  or  nothing.     Be  of  little  or  no  importance. 
Go  for  nothing.     Be  of  no  importance. 
Make  light  of,  etc.     See  Overvaluation-Undervaluation. 
Matter  little.     Be  of  little  consequence  or  importance. 
Matter  little  or  nothing.     Be  of  little  or  no  importance. 
Matter  nothing.     Be  of  no  importance. 

Not  matter,  etc.     Make  no  difference,  etc.     See  Consequence. 
Not  matter  a  straw,  etc.     Be  of  not  as  much  importance  or  weight 

as  a  straw,  etc.     See  Nouns. 
Signify  little.     Amount  to  or  mean  little. 
Signify  little  or  nothing.     Amount  to  little  or  nothing. 
Signify  nothing.     Mean  or  matter  nothing. 

Insignificance — Adjectives. 
Airy.     Unreal;  visionary. 
Beggarly.     Without  important  and  necessary  means  of  comfortabl 

living;  like  a  beggar. 
Beneath  consideration."1 
Beneath  notice.  >  Unimportant. 

Beneath  regard.  3 

Catchpenny.     Cheap  and  unimportant;  made  to  sell. 
Cheap.     Being  of  a  low  price;  mean. 
Common.     Occurring  often  and  hence  unimportant. 
Commonplace.     Ordinary  and  hence  unimportant. 
Contemptible,  etc.     See  Regard-Scorn. 
De  Una  caprina  [L.].     Of  goat's  hair;  concerning  trifles. 
Fair.     Only  moderately  satisfactory. 
Farcical.     Absurd  and  of  no  consequence. 
Fiddle-faddle.     Nonsensical. 
Fingle-f  angle.      Trifling. 

Finical.     Overnice  or  fastidious  in  unimportant  things 
Finikin.     Fastidiously  precise  in  unimportant  matters 
Flimsy.     Weak  and  ineffective. 
Fribble.     Of  little  importance. 
Frivolous.     Without  significance;  trivial. 
Frothy.     Empty;  artificial. 
Gimcrack.     Trivial  and  unimportant. 
Idle.     Useless  and  unimportant. 
Immaterial.     Without  weight  or  significance. 
Inane.     Empty  and  unimportant. 
Inconsiderable.     Unworthy  of  notice. 
Indifferent.     Exciting  no  concern. 
Insignificant.     Without  weight  or  importance. 
Light.     Slight  and  unimportant. 
Meager.     Poor  in  quality. 
Mean.     Of  little  account  or  efficiency. 
Mediocre,  etc.     Ordinary;  unimportant. 
Mere.     This  and  nothing  else. 
Milk  and  water.     Without  character. 
Miserable.     Worthless  and  unimportant. 
Namby-pamby.     Finical. 
Niggardly.     Stingy;  miserly. 
Niggling.     Trifling. 

Non-essential.     Unnecessary  and  unimportant. 
Not  worth  a  curse,  ete. 
Not  worth  a  straw,  etc. 
Not  worth  a  thought,  etc. 
Not  worth  mentioning,   etc. 
Not  worth  speaking  of,  etc.  j 
Not  worth  the  pains,  etc. 
Not  worth  while,  etc.  J 


Different   degrees  of    unimportance, 
etc.     See  Nouns. 


CONSEQUENCE. 


204 


CONSERVATION. 


CONSEQUENCE— INSIGNIFICANCE— Continued. 


CONSEQUENCE— Adjectives— Continued. 

Serious.     Weighty  and  important- 
Signal.     Noticeable  and  memorable . 
Significant.     Having  meaning  and  importance. 
Solemn.     Sacredly  impressive  and  important. 
Stirring.     Arousing;  exciting. 
Superior,  etc.     See  Supremacy. 
Tanti  [L.].     Of  so  much  importance. 
Telling.     Effective  and  important. 
Trenchant.     Cutting;  severe. 
Urgent.     Pressing  and  important. 
Vital.     Affecting  life;  essential  to  life. 

Weighty,  etc.     Convincing  and  important,  etc.     See  Dominance. 
Worthy  of  notice.     Noticeable. 
Worthy  of  remark.     Worthy  of  particular  notice. 

Consequence — Adverbs. 
Above  all.     Chiefly. 
In  the  main.     For  the  most  part. 
Kat"  exochen  [Gr.].     By  way  of  eminence. 
Materially,  etc.     Essentially;    in  an  important  way,  etc.     See  sub 

Adjectives. 
Par  excellence  [F.].     Beyond  comparison. 
To  crown  all.     To  top  the  whole;  finally. 

Consequence — Phrase. 

Expende  Hannibalem!  [L.]      [Juvenal,  io,  147-]     Weigh  Hannibal. 
How  unimportant  is  a  great  man  after  death  I 


INSIGNIFICANCE— Adverbs— Continued  from  Column  2. 

Slightly,  etc.     In  an  unimportant  degree,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Somewhat.     To  some  extent. 
Tolerably.     In  a  moderately  good  way. 

Insignificance — Interjections. 
A  fig  for!  bosh!  fiddle-de-dee!  fiddleend I  fiddlestick!  fudge!  humbug! 

never  mind!  n'imparte  [F.],  it  matters  not;  no  matter!  nonsense! 

pish!  pooh!  pooh-pooh!  pshaw!  pugh!  stuff!  stuff  and  nonsense! 

what  boots  it!  what  matters  it!  what  of  that!  what  signifies  it! 

what's  the  odds! 

Insignificance — Phrases. 
Elephantus  non  capit  murem  [L.].     Elephants  do  not  catch  mice 
It  does  not  signify.     It  has  no  weight  or  importance. 
It  is  of  no  consequence.     It  is  unimportant. 
It  is  of  no  importance.     It  is  of  no  weight  or  consequence. 
It  matters  not.     It  is  immaterial  or  unimportant. 
Le  jeu  ne  vaut  pas  la  chandelle  [F.j\     The  game  is  not  worth  the 

candle ;  it  is  not  worth  while. 
Magno  conatu  magnas  nugas  [L.].     From  great  effort  trifling  results. 

The  mountain  labors,  a  mouse  is  born. 
Tanto  buon  che  vol  niente  [It.].     So  good  as  to  be  worth  nothing. 
Tempite  dans  un  verre  d'eau  [F.].     Tempest  in  a  glass  of  water. 


-Adjectives — Continued. 


See  Consequence. 


INSIGNIFICANCE- 
Of  little  account,  etc. 
Of  little  importance,  etc. 
Of  no  account,  etc. 
Of  no  importance,  etc. 
Of  small  account,  etc. 
Of  small  importance,  etc.  J 
Ordinary,  etc.     See  Habit. 

Paltry.     Having  no  important  worth  or  value;  trifling. 
Passable.     Good  but  not  important ;  fairly  good. 
Peddling.     Insignificant. 
Petty.     Trifling;  unworthy  of  consideration. 
Piddling.     Trivial;  frivolous. 
Pitiful.     Paltry;  mean. 
Poor.     Having  little  value  or  worth. 
Powerless,  etc.     See  Impotence. 
Puerile,  etc.     See  Sagacity-Incapacity. 
Putid.     Worthless. 

Respectable.     Moderately  excellent;  to  be  respected. 
Ridiculous.     Unworthy  of  serious  attention;  laughable. 
Scrannel.     Slight;  poor. 
Scrubby.     Worthless;  unimportant. 
Scurvy.     Mean;  contemptible. 

Shabby.     Not  worthy  of  an  important  or  honorable  person ;  mean. 
Shallow.     Without  depth  of  intellect. 
Slender.     Inconsiderable;  meager. 
Slight.     Insignificant;  unimportant. 
Sorry.     Paltry;  poor. 
So-so.     Indifferent;  passable. 
Subordinate,  etc.     See  Supremacy-Subordinacy. 
Tolerable.     Moderately  good ;  passable. 
Trashy.     Useless;  worthless. 
Trifling.     Of  small  importance  or  value. 
Trivial.     Commonplace;  unimportant;  like  corner-gossip. 
Trumpery,     Valueless  in  character. 
Twopenny-halfpenny.     Cheap;  unimportant. 
Unessential.     Unnecessary. 
Uneventful.     Marked  by  no  important  events. 
Unimportant.     Lacking  importance. 
Unworthy  of  consideration."! 
Unworthy  of  notice.  >  Unimportant. 

Unworthy  of  regard.  ) 

Vain,  etc.     See  Usefulness-Uselessness. 
Vile.     Mean  and  worthless. 
Weak,  etc.     See  Strength-Weakness. 
Weedy.     Of  no  more  importance  or  value  than  a  weed. 
Wishy-washy.     Forceless  as  a  weak,  diluted  beverage;  unimportant. 
Worthless.,    Valueless. 
Wretched.     Paltry;  mean. 

Insignificance — Adverbs. 
For  aught  one  cares.     As  far  as  one  is  concerned. 
Pretty  well.     Passably. 
Rather.     Somewhat;  pretty. 

{Continued  on  Column  1.) 


con'-se-quent.  Following  as  a  result."  Precedence- 
Succession. 

con"-se-quen'-tial.  Self-important;  logical.  Proof- 
Disproof,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

con'-se-quent-ly.  Therefore.  Cause-Effect,  Proof- 
Disproof,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

con"-ser-va'-tion.  The  act  of  conserving.  Conserva- 
tion, Mutation-Permanence,  Store. 

CONSERVATION. 

Conservation,  etc.     The  act  of  conserving,  of  keeping  from  loss  or 

decay,  etc.     See  Store. 
Conservatism.     A  tending  to  be  conservative,  or  to  keep  old  ideas. 
Maintenance.     The  act  of  keeping  in  a  particular  state. 
Preservation.     The  act  of  preserving,  of  keeping  from  danger,  decay, 

or  loss. 
Safe-keeping.     The  act  of  keeping  safe. 
Salvation,  etc.     Preservation  against  destruction  or  calamity,  etc. 

See  Rescue. 
Support.     The  act  of  supporting  or  providing  for. 
Sustentation.     Act  of  sustaining  or  supporting  life. 
Vis  conservatrix  [L.||.     A  conserving  force  or  power. 


Conservation — Nouns  oj  Means. 

Charm,  etc.  Incantation;  rhythm;  spell;  any  power,  act,  or 
object  that  magically  preserves  against  harm,  etc.  See  Devo- 
tion-Charm. 

Cordon  sanitaire  [F.].     A  sanitary  line. 

Cover.     A  spread  of  cloth  used  for  protection;  that  which  shelters. 

Drugget.     A  coarse  cloth  used  for  rugs,  etc. 

Hygiastks5  7  Science  of  curing",  medicine. 
Preservative.     Anything  that  preserves. 
Preserver.     That  which  or  one  who  preserves. 

Prophylaxis.  The  art  of  protecting  against  disease;  the  preventive 
treatment. 

Conservation — Verbs. 

Bank  up.     To  heap  up  a  bank  for  protection. 

Be  safe,  etc.     See  Security 

Bottle.     To  preserve  by  putting  in  bottles. 

Can.     To  put  up  into  cans  for  keeping. 

Cure,     To  put  through  a  process,  so  as  to  preserve. 

Dry.     To  make  dry,  to  remove  the  moisture  and  thus  to  preserve. 

Embalm.     To  anoint  with  oils  or  spices  to  preserve  against  decay. 

Guard,  etc.     To  protect  or  defend,  etc.     See  Attack-Defense. 


CONSERVATION. 


205 


CONSIGNEE. 


Hold  one's  ground.)  To     ^  k 

Hold  ones  own.       J 


Husband,  etc.     To  preserve  one's  resources,  etc.     See  Storb. 

Keep.     Maintain. 

Keep  alive.     Preserve. 

Keep  up.     Sustain. 

Kyanize.     To  permeate  with  mercuric  chlorid  to  prevent  decay. 

Maintain.     To  hold  or  keep  in  any  particular  state. 

Make  safe.     Preserve. 

Not  willingly  let  die.     Try  hard  to  save. 

Nurse.     To  attend  in  sickness,  to  nourish  during  infancy. 

Pickle.     To  immerse  in  a  pickle  in  order  to  preserve. 

Pot.     To  put  into  pots,  as  meats,  etc.,  for  preservation. 

Preserve.     To  keep  safe,  to  protect  against  decay  or  rot. 

Rescue.     To  deliver  from  real  or  threatening  danger. 

Salt.     To  mix  or  put  salt  upon  so  as  to  preserve. 

Save.     To  bring  to  safety  from  danger;  to  keep. 

Season.     To  preserve  by  drying,  to  make  fit  for  use,  to  acclimate. 

Stand  one's  ground,  etc.  To  resist  attack,  etc.  See  Reprisal-Re- 
sistance. 

Stare  super  anttquas  vias  [L.].  To  stand  upon  the  old  roads. 
[Bacon.]    . 

Support.     To  keep  from  sinking  or  falling,  to  provide  for. 

Sustain.     To  uphold  continuously. 

Take  care  of,  etc.     See  Carefulness. 

Tin.     To  put  into  tins  as  a  means  of  preservation. 

Conservation — Adjectives. 

Conservative.     Wishing  to  preserve  ancient  customs  or  institutions. 
Hygienic.     Pertaining  to  hygiene,  relating  to  the  care  and  preserva- 
tion of  the  health. 
Intact.     Untouched,  unhurt,  safe. 
Preservative.     Serving  to  keep  from  harm. 
Preservatory.     Preservative. 
Preserved,  etc.  j  See  ^5 
Preserving,  etc  J 

Prophylactic.     Tending  to  ward  ofT  disease. 
Safe.     Out  of  danger. 
Safe  and  sound . 

Unhurt.     Without  hurt  or  damage. 
Unimpaired.     Not  lessened  in  value. 
Uninjured.     Not  injured. 
Unmarred.     Not  injured  or  disfigured. 
Unsinged.     Not  even  slightly  burned. 
With  a  whole  skin.     Unhurt. 

Conservation — Phrase. 

Nolumus  leges  Anglic  mutari  [L.].  We  do  not  wish  the  laws  of 
England  to  be  changed.     [The  Lords  and  Barons  of  England.] 

con-serv'-a-tism.  Disposition  to  be  conservative.  Con- 
servation, Mutation-Permanence. 

con-serv'-a-tive.  Opposed  to  change.  Conservation, 
Mutation-Permanence;  conservative  policy,  Ac- 
tion-Passiveness. 

con-serv'-a-to-ry.  A  house  for  preserving  young  plants, 
hot  and  protecting.  Contents-Receiver,  Domesti- 
cation-Agriculture, Oven-Refrigerator,  Store. 

con'-serve.    A  sweetmeat.    Sweetness- Acidity. 

con-sid'-er.  To  ponder;  to  observe  closely;  to  think 
well  of.  Faith-Misgiving,  Heed-Disregard,  In- 
vestigation -  Answer,  Ratiocination  -  Instinct, 
Reflection- Vacancy. 

con-sid'-er-a-ble.  Worthy  of  consideration;  important. 
Consequence-Insignificance,  Greatness-Little- 
ness, Magnitude-Smallness. 

con-sid'-er-ate.  Thoughtful ;  prudent.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

con-sid"-er-a'-tion.  An  equivalent;  act  of  thinking; 
thoughtful  feeling;  importance;  motive;  remunera- 
tion. Commutation- Permutation,  Conception- 
Theme,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Favorite- 
Anger,  Giving-Receiving,  Heed-Disregard, 
Modification,  Motive-Caprice,  Recompense- 
Punition,  Reflection-Vacancy,  Regard-Disre- 
spect; deserve  consideration,  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance; in  consideration  of,  Compensation,  Rati- 
ocination-Instinct; on  consideration,  Betterment- 
Deterioration;  take  into  consideration,  Careful- 


ness-Carelessness, Heed-Disregard;  under  con- 
sideration, Conception-Theme,  Design,  Investiga- 
tion-Answer, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

con-sid'-ered,  all  things.  Decision  -  Misjudgment, 
Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Predetermination- 
Impulse. 

con-sid'-er-ing.  Reflecting.  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness, Ratiocination-Instinct. 

con-sign'.  To  give  formally;  to  commit.  Alienation, 
Commission  -  Abrogation,  Giving  -  Receiving, 
Transfer;  consign  to  oblivion,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness;  consign  to  the  flames,  Heating-Cool- 
ing; consign  to  the  tomb,  Life-Funeral. 

con"-sign-ee'.     A  factor.     Consignee. 

CONSIGNEE. 

Agent.     One  who  acts  for  another. 

Ambassador.  The  representative  of  the  highest  rank  sent  by  on» 
government  to  another. 

Attache"  [F.].     A  subordinate  member  of  a  diplomatic  embassy. 

Attorney.     One  legally  appointed  to  act  for  another. 

Auctioneer.     One  whose  business  it  is  to  conduct  auctions. 

Bagman.     A  commercial  traveler. 

Bailiff.     An  overseer  of  property. 

Broker.     A  person  effecting  bargains  for  others  for  a  compensation. 

Charge"  d'affaires  [F.].     A  substitute  for  an  ambassador. 

Clerk.     One  employed  to  keep  accounts  or  records. 

Commissaire  [F.].     Commissioner. 

Commissary.     Commissioner. 

Commission  agent  One  who  buys  and  sells  for  another  on  commis 
sion. 

Commissioner.  One  who  has  authority  from  some  government  oi 
person  to  execute  certain  business. 

Commis -voyageur  [F.].     A  commercial  traveler. 

Committee.  One  legally  entrusted  with  the  person  or  goods  of 
another. 

Consignee.     One  to  whom  something  is  sent. 

Consul.  One  appointed  to  care  for  the  commercial  and  maritime 
interests  of  a  country  in  a  foreign  country. 

Corps  diplomatique  [F.].  Body  of  ministers  accredited  to  a  govern- 
ment. 

Curator.     Custodian. 

Delegate.     One  appointed  to  represent  another. 

Diplomate  [F.].     Diplomat. 

Diplomatist.  One  skilled  in  the  art  of  conducting  negotiations  be- 
tween nations. 

Drummer.     A  traveling  salesman. 

Embassador.     Ambassador. 

Embassy.     A  person  or  persons  acting  as  ambassadors. 

Emissary.  An  agent  employed  to  advance  in  a  covert  manner  the 
interests  of  his  employers. 

Employe"  [F.].     Employee. 

Envoy.     Diplomatic  representative  ranking  next  to  an  ambassador. 

Factor.     One  who  buys  and  sells  for  others. 

Factotum,  etc.     One  hired  to  do  all  kinds  of  work.     See  Manager. 

Functionary.     An  official. 

Go  between.     An  agent;  usually  in  a  disparaging  sense. 

Internuncio.     The  representative  of  the  pope  to  any  government. 

Legate.     Ambassador. 

Messenger,  etc.     Person  bearing  a  message,  etc.     See  Messenger. 

Middleman.  One  acting  between  two  parties  in  a  business  trans- 
action. 

Negotiator.     One  who  negotiates. 

Newspaper  correspondent.     An  agent  for  a  newspaper. 

Nominee.     One  fixed  upon  as  the  candidate  of  a  party  for  an  office. 

Nuncio.     The  resident  representative  of  the  pope  to  a  government. 

One's  man  of  business.     A  person's  agent. 

Own  correspondent.     One's  special  agent. 

Placeman.     An  office-holder. 

Plenipotentiary.  An  ambassador  having  full  power  to  act  in  a  mat* 
ter. 

Proctor.     One  supervising  the  affairs  of  another. 

Representative.     One  given  authority  to  act  for  others. 

Resident.     A  diplomatic  representative  residing  at  a  foreign  court. 

Secretary.     A  person  at  the  head  of  a  department  of  the  government. 

Servant,  etc.     One  hired  to  do  services,  etc.    See  Chief-Underling. 

Solicitor.     Attorney. 

Special  correspondent.     A  newspaper  reporter  for  special  work. 

Touter.      One  who  seeks  customers  in  an  obtrusive  manner. 

Traveler.  An  agent  traveling  abou'  to  receive  orders  for  his  em- 
ployers. 


CONSIGNEE. 


206 


CONSTITUENT— ALIEN. 


Treasurer,  etc.     Person  entrusted  with  the  finances  of  a  firm  or  any 

organization,  etc.     See  Treasurer.' 
Trustee.     One  legally  charged  with  the  care  of  property  for  the  bene- 

fit  of  others. 
Underagent.     A  subordinate  agent. 
Underwriter.     One  who  insures. 
Vicegerent,  etc.     One  empowered  by  a  superior  to  perform  his  duties, 

etc.     See  Representative. 

con-siga'-ment.  A  consigning;  goods  consigned.  As- 
signment, Commission-Abrogation,  Giving-Re- 
ceiving. 

con-sist'.  To  be  composed  of.  Consist  in,  Entity- 
Nonentity;  consist  of,  Inclusion-Omission. 

con-sist'-ence.  Any  degree  of  hardness.  Solidity- 
Rarity. 

con-sist'-en-cy.  Harmony  between  things.  Har- 
mony-Discord, Uniformity-Diversity. 

con-sist'-ent.  Congruous.  Harmony-Discord,  Nature- 
Art.  Uniformity-Discord. 

con-sist'-ent-ly  with.  In  harmony  with.  Convention- 
ality-Unconventionality. 

con-sis'-to-ry.  An  ecclesiastical  court.  Church,  Coun- 
cil. 

con-so"-ci-a'-tion.     Union.     Sociability-Privacy. 

con"-so-la'-tion.  A  comforting;  a  comforting  thought. 
Alleviation- Aggravation, Condolence,  Divinity. 

con-sol'-a-to-ry.  Tending  to  console.  Alleviation- 
Aggravation. 

con-sole'.  To  comfort  in  trouble ;  a  bracket.  Allevi- 
ation-Aggravation, Architecture,  Compassion- 
Ruthlessness,  Suspension-Support. 

con-sol'-i-date.  To  make  solid.  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness, Composition-Resolution,  Solidity-Rarity. 

con-sol"-i-da'-tion.  Coherence.  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness, Solidity-Rarity. 

con'-sols.     A  British  security.  •  Treasury. 

consomme  [F.].     Meat  soup.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

con'-so-nance.     Concord.    Melody-Dissonance. 

con'-so-nant.  Harmonious;  an  alphabetic  sound. 
Harmony-Discord,  Letter,  Melody-Dissonance. 

con'-sort.  A  companion;  a  wife;  company.  Matri- 
mony-Celibacy, Solitude-Company. 

con-sort'.  Associate.  Sociability-Privacy;  consort 
with,  Harmony-Discord. 


con'-sort-ship.  The  state  of  being  a  consort.  Soci- 
ability-Privacy. 

con-spec'-tion.    A  beholding.    Sight-Blindness. 

con"-spec-tu'-i-ty.     Sight.     Sight-Blindness. 

con-spec'- tus.     A  general  view.     Digest. 

con"-spi-cu'-i-ty.  Clearness.  Appearance-Disap- 
pearance. 

con-spic'-u-ous.  Notable;  visible.  Manifestation- 
Latency,  Reputation-Discredit,  Visibility-In- 
visibility. 

con-spic'-u-ous-ness.  Brightness.  Appearance-Dis- 
appearance. 

con-spir'-a-cy.     A  plot.     Design. 

con-spir'-a-tor.  One  who  plots.  Design,  Upright- 
ness-Rogue. 

con-spire'.  To  plot;  to  concur.  Antagonism  Con- 
currence, Cooperation-Opposition. 

con'-sta-ble.  A  policeman.  Chief-Underling,  Judi- 
cature. 

con-stab'-u-la-ry.  Body  of  constables.  Judica- 
ture. 

con'-stan-cy.  Resoluteness;  consistency.  Mutability- 
Stability,  Persistence-Whim,  Uniformity-Mul- 
tiformity, Uprightness-Dishonesty,  Variation. 

con'-stant.  Firm;  unchanging;  continual;  steadfast. 
Continuity -Interruption,  Frequency -Rarity, 
Mutability-Stability,  Persistence-Whim,  Truth- 
Error,  Uniformity-Multiformity,  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

conslantia,  basis  virtutum  [L.]  (con-stan'-shi-u,  be'-sis 
ver-tiu'-tum) .  Constancy  is  the  basis  of  the  virtues. 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

con'-stant-ly.  Unchangingly.  Eternity-Instanta- 
neity,  Frequency-Rarity. 

con"-stel-la'-tion.  A  group  of  stars;  an  assemblage  of 
brilliant  things.  Astronomy,  Luminary-Shade, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Universe. 

con"-ster-na'-tion.     Terror.     Sanguineness-Timidity. 

con'-sti-pate.     To  stop.     Solidity-Rarity. 

con'-sti-pa"-ted.     Stopped  up.     Solidity- Rarity. 

con"-sti-pa'-tion.  Inactivity  of  the  bowels.  Aper- 
ture-Closure, Solidity-Rarity. 

con-stit'-u-ent.  Component;  client.  Constituent- 
Alien,  President-Member. 


CONSTITUENT— ALIEN. 


Appurtenance.     A  minor  part  of  something. 

Component.     A  constituent  part. 

Component  part.  One  of  the  parts  of  which  something  is  com- 
posed. 

Constituent.     That  which  composes. 

Contents.     The  parts  that  are  contained. 

Element.  One  of  the  essential  parts  or  principles  of  which  anything 
consists. 

Feature.     The  cast  or  structure  of  anything. 

Ingredient.  That  which  is  a  component  part  of  a  compound  or  mix- 
ture. 

Integral  part.     A  whole. 

Integrant  part.     A  part  necessary  to  form  a  whole. 

Leaven.     Anything  which  produces  a  change  in  the  mass. 

Member.     A  part  or  element  of  a  whole. 

Part  and  parcel.     An  essential  constituent. 

Constituent — Verbs. 

Appertain  to.     To  belong  to. 

Be  a  component.     To  be  a  constituent  part. 

Be  a  part  of. 

Be  implicated  in.     To  be  brought  into  connection  with. 

Belong  to.     To  be  the  property,  characteristic,  quality,  or  attribute 

of  anything. 
Be  merged  in.     To  be  caused  to  disappear. 
Compose.     To  form  by  uniting  two  or  more  things. 
Constitute.     To  make  up. 

Enter  into.      To  constitute  an  element  or  ingredient  in. 
Enter  into  the  composition  of.     To  form  a  part  of. 


Exteriority,  etc.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  exterior,  etc.     See 

Outside. 
Extraneousness.     Having  no  essential  relation  to  a  subject. 
Extrinsicality,    etc.     Externality,    etc.     See    Subjectiveness-Ob- 

JECTIVENESS. 

Alien — Denotations. 
Alien.     A  foreigner. 

Creole.     An  American  born  person  with  French  or  Spanish  ancestors. 
Easterner.     One  living  in  the  east  of  the  United  States. 
Emigrant.     One  who  removes  his  habitation. 
Foreign  body.     An  outside  body. 
Foreign   element.     An  element   or  characteristic   which   does   not 

belong  to  a  body. 
Foreigner.     One  who  is  not  a  native  of  a  country. 
Foreign  substance.    "An  outside  substance. 
Immigrant.     One  who  removes  into  another  country  for  the  purpose 

of  living  there. 
Interloper.     One  who  intrudes  in  something  which  is  not  his  business- 
Intruder.     One  who  thrusts  himself  in. 
Newcomer.     One  who  has  lately  come. 
Novus  homo  [L.].     A  new  man. 
Stranger.     One  who  is  unknown  or  unacquainted. 
Tenderfoot.     A  newcomer  into  a  country. 
Trek.     An  organized  migration. 

Alien — A  djectives. 
Alien.     Foreign. 

Exceptional.     Forming  an  exception. 
Excluded,  etc.     Shut  out,  etc.     See  Inclusion-Omission. 
Extraneous.     Not  belonging  to,  or  dependent  upon  a  thing. 
Foreign.     Not  of  one's  country. 


CONSTITUENT. 


207 


CONTEMPTUOUSLY. 


CONSTITUENT— ALIEN— Continued. 


CONSTITUENT— Verbs— Continued? 

Form.     To  make  or  construct  from  given  materials. 

Form  a  part  of,  etc.     To  help  make  up,  etc.     See  Whole-Part. 

Make.     To  cause  to  be  or  to  become. 

Merge  in.    To  cause  the  identity  to  disappear  in. 

Share  in.     To  own  in  part. 


Constitu  ent — A  djectives. 


Forming.     Give  form  to. 
Inclusive.     Enclosing. 


ALIEN — Adjectives — Continued. 

Inadmissible.     Not  proper  to  be  allowed,  admitted,  or  received 
Tramontane.     Situated  beyond  the  mountains. 
Ulterior.     More  remote. 

Ultramontane.     Situated,  done,  made,  said,  or  expressed  beyond  *lu 
mountain. 

Alien — Adverbs. 
Abroad.     Beyond  the  bounds  of  a  country. 
Beyond  seas.     Out  of  the  jurisdiction  of  a  court. 
In  foreign  lands.     Out  of  one's  country. 
In  foreign  parts.     In  a  foreign  country. 


con'-sti-tute.  To  make  up;  to  compose;  enact.  Con- 
stituent-Alien, Creation-Destruction,  Inclu- 
sion-Omission. 

con'-sti-tu"-ting.    Composing.    Inclusion-Omission. 

con"-sti-tu'-tion.  Act  of  constituting;  natural  con- 
dition; frame  of  government.  Condition-Situ- 
ation, Dueness-Undueness,  Inclusion-Omission, 
Law-Lawlessness,  Nature-Art,  Subjectivsness- 
Objectiveness. 

con"-sti-tu'-tion-al.  Legal;  physical  exercise;  belong- 
ing  to   composition.     Dueness-Undueness,    Law- 

'  Lawlessness,  Nature-Art,  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion; constitutional  government,  Rule-License. 

con"-sti-tu'-tion-al-ism.  Adherence  to  a  constitution. 
Law-Lawlessness. 

con"-sti-tu"-tion-al'-i-ty.  Lawfulness.  Law-Lawless- 
ness. 

con-strain'.  To  urge;  to  confine.  Coercion,  Re- 
lease-Restraint. 

con-strained'.  Hindered.  Conceit-Diffidence,  Lib- 
erty-Subjection, Release-Restraint. 

con-straint'.  Compulsion ;  embarrassment.  Coercion, 
Conceit- Diffidence,  Liberty -Subjection,  Re- 
lease-Restraint. 

con-strict'.  To  draw  together.  Enlargement-Dimi- 
nution. 

con-stringe'.  To  compress.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion. 

con-struct'.     To  build.      Creation-Destruction. 

con-struc'-tion.  A  constructing;  fabrication;  inter- 
pretation. Creation-Destruction,  Form-Form- 
lessness, Interpretation  -  Misinterpretation, 
Texture  ;  put  a  false  construction  upon,  Interpreta- 
tion -  Misinterpretation,  Truthfulness  -  False- 
hood. 

con-struct'-ive.  Manifestation-Latency;  construct- 
ive evidence,  Evidence-Counterevidence. 

con'-strue.  To  interpret.  Interpretation  -  Misin- 
terpretation. 

con"-sub-stan"-ti-a'-tion.  Theory  of  substantial  pres- 
ence.    Ceremonial. 

consuescere  multum.  est,  adeo  in  teneris  [L.]  (con-siu- 
es'-ser-i  mul'-tum  est,  ad'-i-o  in  ten'-er-is).  So  im- 
portant is  it  to  become  wonted  at  a  tender  age. 
Education-Learning,  Habit-Desuetude. 

consuetudinis ,  magna  est  vis  [L.]  (con-siu-i-tiu'-di-nis, 
mag'-na  est  vis).  Great  is  the  power  of  habit. 
Habit-Desuetude. 

con'-sul.  A  governmental  representative.  Con- 
signee, Representative. 

con'-sul-ship.    The  office  of  consul.    Rule-License. 

con-suit'.  To  ask  advice.  Advice;  consult  one's  own 
wishes,  Unselfishness-Selfishness;  consult  one's 
pillow,  Earliness-Lateness;  consult  the  wishes  of, 
Obstruction-Help. 

con"-sul-ta'-tion.     Conference.     Advice. 

con'-sume'.  To  waste  gradually;  to  use.  Creation- 
Destruction,  Provision-Waste,  Use-Disuse;  con- 
sume time,  Activity-Indolence,  Duration-Never- 
ness. 


con-su'-mer.     Laborer.     Labor-Capital. 

consumere  natns,  fruges  [L.]  (con-sium'-er-i  ne-tus, 
fru'-jiz).  Born  to  consume  fruits.  Activity-In- 
dolence. 

con-su'-ming.  Wasting  away.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

con-sum'-mate.  To  bring  to  completion;  finished. 
Completion  -  Noncompletion,  Entirety  -  Defici- 
ency, Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Magnitude- 
Smallness. 

con"-sum-ma'-tion.  Perfect  development.  Begin- 
ning-End, Completion-Noncompletion;  consum- 
mation devoutly  to  be  wished,  Desire-Distaste, 
Good-Evil. 

consummatum  est  [L.]  (con-sum-me'-tum  est).  It  is 
finished.     Faultlessness-Faultiness. 

con-sump'-tion.  A  disease;  gradual  waste;  destruction 
by  use.  Creation-Destruction,  Health-Sick- 
ness, Maker-Destroyer,  Provision-Waste,  Use- 
Disuse. 

con'-tact.  A  meeting  or  touching.  Interspace-Con- 
tact; come  in  contact,  Arrival-Departure,  Inter- 
space-Contact. 

con'-tact-go"-ni-om"-e-ter.  Instrument  for  measuring 
angles.     Mineralogy. 

con-ta'-gion.  Communication  of  disease.  Transfer, 
Healthiness-Unhealthiness. 

con-ta'-gious.    Catching.    Transfer,  Way. 

con-tain'.  To  hold.  Admission-Exclusion,  Inclu- 
sion-Omission. 

con-tam'-i-nate.  To  taint.  Betterment-Deterior- 
ation, Cleanness-Filtiiiness. 

con-tam'-i-na"-ted.     Tainted.     Health-Sickness. 

con-tam"-i-na'-tion.  Taint.  Betterment-Deterior- 
ation, Cleanness-Filthiness. 

con-tan'-go.     A  premium  paid.     Price-Discount. 

conte  a  aormir  debout  [F.]  (con-t  a  dor-mir'  de-bu'). 
Senseless  story.     Wittiness-Dulness. 

con-temn'.     To  despise.     Regard-Scorn. 

con-tem'-per.    To  moderate.    Turbulence-Calmness. 

con-tem'-plate.  To  ponder;  to  study;  to  plan;  to 
watch.  Expectation-Surprise,  Heed-Disregard, 
Purpose -Luck,  Reflection- Vacancy,  Sight- 
Blindness. 

con"-tem-pla'-tion.  Act  of  thinking.  Expectation- 
Surprise,  Purpose-Luck,  Reflection-Vacancy, 
Sight-Blindness. 

con-tem"-po-ra'-ne-ous.  Occurring  at  the  same  time. 
Coexistence. 

con-tem'-po-ra-ry.  Living  at  the  same  time.  Co- 
existence. 

con-tem"-po-ra'-tion.  Moderation.  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

con-tempt'.  To  scorn.  Regard-Scorn;  contempt  of 
danger,  Bravery-Cowardice. 

con-tempt'-i-ble.  Despicable.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Regard-Scorn,  Society-Ludicrous- 
ness,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

con-temp'-tu-ous.    Disdainful.    Regard-Scorn. 

con-temp'-tu-ous-ly.    Disdainfully.    Regard-Scorn. 


CONTEM  PTUOUSNESS. 


208        CONTENTEDNESS— DISCONTENTMENT. 


eon-temp'-tu-ous-ness.    Disdain.    Regard-Scorn. 

con-tend'.  To  maintain;  to  strive;  to  dispute.  An- 
tagonism-Concurrence, Assertion-Denial,  Rati- 
ocination-Casuistry, Strife-Peace;  contend  for, 
Justification -Charge,  Strife-Peace;  contend 
with  difficulty,  Difficulty-Facility. 

con-tend'-ing.  Striving.  Fighting -Conciliation, 
Strife-Peace. 

con-tent'.     Satisfied;  rest  and  quiet  of  mind.     Assent- 


Dissent,  Contentedness-Discontentment,  Ex- 
citability-Inexcitability,  Pleasure-Pain,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance; to  one's  heart's  content,  Enough, 
Readiness-Reluctance,  Success-Failure. 

con-tent'-ed.  Satisfied.  Contentedness-Discontent- 
ment. 

con-tent'-ed-ness.  State  of  being  contented.  Con- 
tentedness-Discontentment. 


CONTENTEDNESS-DISCONTENTMENT. 


'Cheerfulness,  etc.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  cheerful,  etc.     See 

LlGHTHEARTEDNESS. 

Comfort,  etc.     The  state  of  having  that  which  makes  life  enjoyable, 

etc.     See  Pleasure. 
Complacency.     Self-satisfaction. 
Conciliation.     The  state  of  having  won  over  the  good-will  of  another. 

Contentedness  I  The  state  of  having  peace  of  mind,  and  joy  in  one's 
Contentment.']      c°ndition- 
Ease.     Freedom  from  any  pain. 
Entire  satisfaction.     Perfect  content. 

Heart's  ease.     Freedom  from  anything  that  annoys  or  disquiets. 
Peace  of  mind.     Contentment. 
Ray  of  comfort.     Slight  satisfaction. 

Reconciliation.     Act  of  bringing  to  acquiescence  or  content. 
Resignation,  etc.     Willing  acquiescence,  etc.     See  Inexcitability. 
Satisfaction.     The  condition  of  having  one's  desires  attended  to. 
Serenity,  etc.     Clearness  and  composure  of  mind,  etc.     See  Inex- 
citability. 

Contentedness — Denotation. 

Waiter  on  Providence.     One  contented  to  let  things  go  as  they  please. 

Contentedness — Verbs. 

Assent,  etc.     To  agree,  etc.     See  Assent. 

Beguile.     To  make  to  pass  away  pleasantly. 

Comfort.     To  give  relief  to. 

Conciliate.     To  win  over. 

Content.     To  give  contentment  to. 

Disarm.     To  render  harmless  by  taking  away  one's  weapons. 

Do.     To  satisfy. 

Gratify,  etc.     To  please  very  much,  etc.     See  Pleasurableness. 

Propitiate.     To  render  favorable. 

Reconcile.     To  renew  friendly  relations. 

Satisfy.     To  please  indirectly. 

Contentedness — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  content,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  be  reconciled  to;  be  tolerated,  etc. 
(see  Inexcitability);  feel  oneself  at  home;  get  over  it;  go  down; 
go  down  with;  hug  oneself;  lay  the  flattering  unction  to  one's  soul; 
let  well  enough  alone,  to  be  satisfied  with  moderation;  put  up 
with,  etc.  (see  Inexcitability);  render  content,  etc.  (see  Adjec- 
tives); rest  and  be  thankful;  rest  satisfied;  set  at  ease;  set  one's 
heart  at  ease;  set  one's  heart  at  rest;  set  one's  mind  at  ease;  set 
one's  mind  at  rest;  speak  peace;  take  comfort;  take  heart;  take 
in  good  part,  to  take  gracefully  and  cheerfully;  take  the  good  the 
gods  provide ;  take  up  with ;  win  over. 

Contentedness — Adjectives. 
Cheerful,    etc.     Of   a    naturally    contented    disposition,   etc.     See 

LlGHTHEARTEDNESS. 

Conciliatory.     Tending  to  conciliate. 

b£j  Completely  satisfied. 

Resigned.     Submitting  cheerfully. 

Satisfactory.     Giving  satisfaction. 

Satisfied,  etc.     Pleased,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Serene,  etc.     Of  a  calm  mind,  etc.     See  Inexcitability. 

Tolerable .     Bearable . 

Unafflicted.     Not  suffering  from  injury. 

Unmolested.     Not  vexed. 

Unplagued.     Not  teased. 

Unrepining.     Net  discontented. 

Unvexed.     Not  irritated. 

Contentedness — Adjective  Expressions. 

At  ease;  at  home;  at  one's  ease;  at  rest;  easy  going;  in  one's 
element;  not  particular;  of  good  comfort;  sans  souci  [F.],  sine 
cur  a  [h.\,  free  from  care;  with  the  mind  at  ease. 


Cold  comfort.     Comfort  in  name  only. 

Disappointment.     Regret  at  the  miscarriage  of  our  expectations. 

Discontent. 


Discontentment. 


Absence  of  contentment. 


Dissatisfaction.     Lack  of  satisfaction. 

Dissent,  etc.     Non -agreement,  etc.     See  Assent-Dissent. 

Heart  oripf        J  ^eeD  discontent  or  disappointment. 

Hypercriticism.     Excessive  criticism. 

Inquietude.     Uneasiness  of  mind. 

Mortification.     Humiliating  disappointment. 

Querulousness,  etc.  Very  complaining  disposition,  etc.  See  Jubi- 
lation-Lamentation. 

Regret,  etc.  Feeling  of  wishing  something  to  have  gone  differently 
from  what  it  did,  etc.     See  Contentedness-Regret. 

Repining.     Inward  discontent. 

Soreness.     State  of  being  sore. 

Taking  on.     Wild  expression  of  grief. 

Vexation  of  spirit.     Disquiet,  affliction. 

Discontentment — Associated  Nouns. 
Care  of  Adullam.     The  cave  at  which  four  hundred  discontented 

men  gathered  under  the  leadership  of  David.       [Bible,  I  Sam. 

xxii,  i .] 
Croaker.     One  who  complains  unreasonably. 
Growler.     One  who  complains  without  cause. 
Grumbler.     One  who  is  constantly  complaining. 
Indignation  meeting.     A  public  meeting  for  making  a  complaint. 
Laudator  temporis  acti[L.].     One  who  praises  the  past. 
Malcontent.     One  who  is  discontented. 
Winter  of  our  discontent.      Season  of  discontent.     [Shakespeare, 

Henry  VI.  Part  III,  ii,  i.] 

Discontentment — Verbs. 

Chafe.     To  put  into  ill  humor;  fret. 

Croak.     To  complain. 

Disappoint.     To  cause  expectations  to  fail. 

Disconcert.     To  confuse. 

Dishearten.     To  cause  to  lose  hope. 

Fret.     To  vex  very  much. 

Grumble'.     To  find  fault  in  a  surly  manner. 

Lament,  etc.  To  have  grief  for  any  misfortune,  *»tc.  See  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation. 

Mortify.     To  cause  an  humiliating  disappointment. 

Regret,  etc.  To  feel  pain  at  something  which  we  would  wish  dif- 
ferent, etc.     See  Contentedness-Regret. 

Repine.     To  be  discontented  and  complaining. 

Discontentment — Verbal  Expressions. 
Be  discontented,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  cause  discontent,  etc.  (see 
Nouns);  cut  up,  to  discourage;  knit  one's  brows,  look  black,  look 
black  as  thunder,  to  show  dissatisfaction  or  anger;  look  blank, 
look  blue,  look  glum,  to  look  as  if  discomfited;  make  a  piece  of 
work,  to  cause  much  trouble;  make  a  wry  face;  pull  a  long  face; 
put  out,  to  provoke;  quarrel  with  one's  bread  and  butter,  to  injure 
one's  own  good  interests;  shrug  the  shoulders;  take  ill;  take  in 
bad  part;  take  on,  make  much  ado;  take  to  heart;  wish  one  at 
the  bottom  of  the  Red  Sea,  to  be  incensed  at  one. 

Discontentment — Adjectives. 
Disappointing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Discontented.     Not  contented. 
Dissatisfied,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Dissentient,  etc.     Not  agreeing,  etc.     See  Assent-Dissent. 
Exacting.     Too  severe  in  making  demands. 
Exigent.     Requiring  immediate  help. 
Glum.     Sullen. 

Hypercritical.     Excessively  critical. 
Malcontent.     Dissatisfied. 

Regretful,  etc.     Full  of  regret,  etc.     See  Contentedness-Req»im\ 
Repining,  etc.     Complaining  to  oneself,  etc.     See  Verbs. 


CONTENTEDNESS. 


209 


CONTENTS— RECEIVER. 


CONTENTEDNESS— DISCONTENTMENT— CoM/inurrf. 


Contentedness — Adverbial  Expressions. 

A  la  bonne  heure  [F.],  at  a  good  time;  all  for  the  best;  to  one's 
heart's  content. 

Contentedness — Interjections. 

Amen,  etc.  (see  Assent);  it  cannot  be  helped;  it  will  do;  so  much 
the  better;   that  will  do;   very  well;  well  and  good. 

i  Contentedness — Phrases. 

Ich  habe  genossen  das  irdische  Gluck,  ich  habe  gelebt  und  geliebet 
[G.].  I  have  tasted  the  good  of  earth,  I  have  lived  and  loved. 
[Schiller,  Piccolomini  {Wallenstein,  Part  I),  3,  7,  Coleridge,  Trans- 
lation, I,  it,  6. 

Nothing  comes  amiss. 


DISCONTENTMENT— Adjectives— Continued 

Sore.     Distressed. 

Sour.     Having  an  unfriendly  disposition. 

Soured.     Made  sour. 

Sulky.     Obstinate. 

Ungratified.     Not  gratified. 

Unsatisfactory.     Not  satisfactory. 

Unsatisfied.     Not  satisfied. 

Discontentment — Phrases. 

It  will  never  do. 

Ne  Jupiter  quidem  omnibus  placet  [L.}.     Not  even  Jupiter  pleases  all 
So  much  the  worse. 
That  will  never  do. 


CONTENTEDNESS— REGRET. 


Regret. 


Bitterness.     Hatred. 
Heartburning.     Discontent. 
Homesickness.     Intense  longing  for  home. 

Lamentation,  etc.     Grief  over  any  misfortune,  etc.     See  Jubilation- 
Lamentation. 

Maladie  du  pays  [F.l.l  „  .  . 

.,  ,  ,     .         c„  ■,  c  Homesickness. 

Mai  du  pays  [F.J.         > 

Nostalgia.     Homesickness. 

Penitence,  etc.     Sorrow  for  guilt,  etc.     See  Repentance. 
Regret.     Feeling  of  pain  because  of  something  turning  out  unsatis- 
factorily. 
Repining.     Inward  discontent. 

Regret — Agent. 
Laudator  temporis  acti  [L.].     One  who  praises  the  past. 

Regret — Verbs. 

Bewail,  etc.     To  make  a  loud  and  unrestrained  show  of  sorrow,  etc. 

See  Jubilation-Lamentation. 
Deplore.     To  be  greatly  dissatisfied. 
Regret.     To  look  back  upon  with  pain. 


Repent,  etc.     To  have  sorrow  for  the  past,  and  resolving  to  do  better 

in  the  future,  etc.     See  Repentance. 
Repine.     To  feel  secret  discontent. 
Rue.     To  be  sorry  for. 

Regret — Verbal  Expressions. 
Cast  a  longing,  lingering  look  behind;  have  a  weight  on  the  mind,  to 
be  troubled  by  something;  infandum  renovare  dolorem  [L.&,  to 
recall  unspeakable  grief;  leave  an  aching  void,  to  leave  an  unsatis- 
fied longing;  prey  on  the  mind,  to  give  much  anxiety  to;  rue  the 
day;  weigh  on  the  mind,  to  cause  anxiety. 

Regret — Adjectives. 
Homesick.     Having  a  longing  for  home. 
Lamentable,  etc.     Sorrowful,  etc.     See  Goodness-Badness. 
Much  to  be  regretted.    Regrettable. 
Regretful.     Full  of  regret. 
Regrettable.     Able  to  be  regretted. 
Regretted,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Regretting,  etc.     Feeling  regret,  etc.     See  Verbs. 


Regret — Interject  ions. 


Hang  it  1  what  a  pity  I 

*Tis  pity. 
•Tis  too  true. 


Regret — Phrases. 


con-ten'-tion.  Dispute.  Ratiocination-Instinct, 
Strife-Peace. 

con-ten'-tious.  Quarrelsome.  Favorite-Quarrel- 
someness. 

con-ten'-tious-ness.    Quarrelsomeness.    Fighting-Con- 


ciliation, Variance-Accord. 

con-tent'-ment.  Content.  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment. 

con'-tents.  All  that  a  thing  contains.  Constituent- 
Alien,  Contents-Receiver,  Digest,  Record. 


CONTENTS— RECEIVER. 


Bale.     Quantity  of  goods  bound  in  cloth  or  by  cords  for  shipment. 

Basket  of.  As  much  of  anything  as  a  basket  will  contain.  See 
Contents-Receiver. 

Burden.     The  carrying  capacity  of  a  vessel. 

Cargo.     The  load  of  goods  carried  by  a  ship. 

Cartload.     Contents  of  a  cart. 

Contents.     That  which  is  contained  in  anything. 

Cup  of.     As  much  as  a  cup  will  hold.     See  Contents-Receiver. 

Freight.     Goods  transported  in  cars  on  a  railroad. 

Inside,  etc.  A  passenger  carried  inside  a  coach,  etc.  See  Outside- 
Inside. 

Lading.  Freight  whose  weight  and  quantity  have  been  formally 
recorded. 

Load.     That  which  is  transported. 

Shipload.     Capacity  of  a  ship. 

Shipment.     That  which  is  shipp  d. 

Stuffing.     Anything  used  to  fill  up  vacant  space. 

Ullage.     The  space  left  vacant  in  a  partially  filled  ship,  cask,  etc. 

Contents — Verbs. 

Charge.     To  put  into. 

Fill.     To  leave  no  space  vacant. 

Load  j  ^°  Pu*  a  load  uP°n  or  *n- 
Ship.     To  put  aboard  a  ship  for  transportation 
Stuff.     To  fill  to  distention. 
14 


Enclosure,  etc.     That  which  encloses,  etc.     See  Enclosure. 

Receiver.     One  who  or  that  which  receives. 

Receptacle.     That  in  which  anything  is  received  or  held. 

Recipient.     Receiver. 

Reservatory.     A  place  in  which  things  are  preserved. 

Receiver — Denotations. 

Adytum.     The  innermost  shrine  in  an  ancient  place  of  worship. 
Alcove.     Any  embowered  or  secluded  spot. 
Alembic.     A  glass  or  metal  vessel  used  for  distilling. 
Amphora.     A  tall  two-handled  earthenware  jar. 
Antechamber.     The  entry  to  a  room. 
Anteroom.     A  waiting-room. 
Apartment.     A  room  or  set  of  rooms. 
Arbor.     A  shaded  walk;  a  summer-house. 
Attic.     A  room  next  to  the  roof. 
Bag.     A  sack  or  pouch,  of  cloth,  leather,  paper,  etc. 
Bandbox.     A  light  paper  or  wooden  box. 

Barrel.     A  wooden  vessel  made  of  staves  held  together  by  hoops. 
Basement.     The  lowest  room  of  a  house. 
Basin.     A  shallow  dish  or  vessel  for  holding  liquids. 
Basket.     A  vessel  of  woven  woodwork. 
Bassinet.     A  basket  with  a  wicker  hood,  used  as  a  cradle. 
Bathroom.     A  room  for  bathing. 

Beaker.      A  large  wide-mouthed  drinking-cup  or  goblet;    a  glass 
vessel  with  a  flaring  top,  used  for  making  solutions*  etc. 


CONTENTS— RECEIVER. 


210 


CONTENTS— RECEIVER. 


RECEIVER— Denotations — Continued. 


Bed.     An  article  of  furniture  to  sleep  on.     See  Suspension-Support. 

Billiard-room.     A  room  which  contains  a  billiard  table  or  tables. 
Bin.     A  box  for  holding  grain,  etc. 

Bladder.     The  sac  in  the  pelvic  cavity  for  the  retention  of  the  urine. 
Bolthead.     A  glass  vessel  with  a  long  slender  neck,  used  in  chemical 

operations. 
Bookcase.     A  case  with  shelves  for  keeping  books. 
Boot.     A  covering  for  the  foot  and  lower  leg. 
Bottle.     A  glass  vessel  with  a  slender  neck,  for  holding  liquids. 
Boudoir.     A  lady's  private  room. 
Bower.     A  covered  retreat. 

Bowl.     A  concave  vessel  used  for  holding  liquids. 
Box.     A  six-sided  case  of  various  materials. 
Bread-basket.     A  basket  for  carrying  bread.     The  stomach. 
Breeches  pocket.     A  pouch  attached  to  the  sides  or  back  of  a 

breeches. 
Buckbasket.     A  basket  for  soiled  clothes. 
Bucket.     A  cylindrical  wooden  vessel. 
Budget.     A  small  sack. 
Buffet.     A  cupboard  for  china,  glass,  etc. 
Bunker.     A  large,  fixed  box  for  coal,  etc. 
Bureau.     A  case  with  drawers  for  keeping  clothes,  etc. 
Bushel.     A  vessel  holding  a  bushel. 
Butt.     A  large  cask  for  wine. 
Cabin.     A  small  room  on  a  ship. 

Cabinet.     A  room  in  which  a  council  or  cabinet  meets. 
Caddy.     A  box  for  keeping  tea. 
Cag.     A  keg. 

Cage.     A  box-like  structure  for  confining  birds  or  beasts. 
Caisson.     An  ammunition  chest. 

Calabash.     A  vessel  made  of  the  dry  shell  of  the  calabash. 
Caldron.     A  large  kettle. 
Calyx.     A  cup-shaped  part  of  a  flower. 
Can.     A  vessel  made  of  tin. 
Cancelli.     The  bars  in  the  railing  of  a  court. 
Canister.     A  metal  box  for  tea,  coffee,  etc. 
Canteen.     A  soldier's  drinking-flask. 

Canterbury.     A  stand  containing  divisions  for  portfolios,  music,  etc. 
Capsule.     A  small  gelatinous  case  containing  a  dose  of  nauseous 

drug. 
Caraffe.     A  glass  water-bottle. 

Carboy.     A  large  glass  bottle  enclosed  in  a  box  or  in  wickerwork. 
Cardcase.     A  pocket-case  for  calling-cards. 
Carriage.     See  Conveyance. 

Case.     Anything  that  encloses  or  contains  something. 
Cask.     A  barrel-shaped  wooden  vessel. 
Casket.     A  small  box  for  keeping  jewels. 

Caster.     A  bottle  or  vessel  for  dispersing  powders,  liquids,  etc. 
Catch-basin.     A  pit  or  reservoir  at  the  end  of  a  pipe  of  sewer. 
Cave.     An  underground  cavity.     See  Convexity-Concavity. 
Cellar.     A  room  under  a  building. 
Cellaret.     A  small  case  for  bottles,  etc. 
Cellule.     A  small  cell  in  a  plant  or  animal  organism. 
Chalice.     A  consecrated  cup  used  in  the  Lord's  Supper. 
Chamber.     A  room. 
Chest.     A  large  strong  box. 
Chest  of  drawers.     A  case  containing  drawers. 
ChiffoniSre.     A  high  narrow  bureau. 

Cistern.     A  hole  in  the  ground  for  storing  water.     See  Store. 
Clerestory.     The  highest  story  of  the  nave  and  choir  of  a  church. 
Closet.     A  small  room  for  storing  articles. 
Clothes-press.     A  closet  for  clothes. 
Cockloft.     A  room  under  the  peak  of  a  roof. 
Cockpit.     A  ring  for  cock-fighting. 
Coffer.     A  chest  or  box  for  keeping  money. 

Commode.     An  article  of  furniture  to  contain  things  for  convenience. 
Compartment.     One  of  the  parts  into  which  an  enclosed  space  is 

subdivided. 
Conservatory.     An  apartment  where  plants  are  grown. 
CorbeilU  [P.].     A  basket. 
Corner.     A  retired  spot. 
Corridor.     A  passageway. 
Court.     A  space  enclosed  on  three  sides. 
Cove.     A  nook  in  the  shore  of  any  body  of  water. 
Cradle.     An  infant's  bed. 

Cran.     A  measure  of  fresh  herrings,  equal  to  a  barrel. 
Crate.     A  box  made  of  a  framework  of  slats. 
Craw.     The  stomach  of  an  animal. 
Creel.     A  willow  basket  for  carrying  fish. 
Crock.     An  earthen  pot  or  jar. 


Crop.     The  first  stomach  of  a  bird. 

Crucible.     A  pot  or  vessel  for  melting  metals. 

Cruet.     A  small  glass  bottle  for  holding  vinegar. 

Cruise.     A  small  jug. 

Crypt.     Any  secret  recess  or  vault. 

Cup.     A  small  drinking  vessel. 

Cupboard.     A  closet  for  keeping  dishes. 

Cyst.     Any  membranous  sac  in  the  body. 

Dairy.     A  building  or  room  where  milk  is  kept. 

Davenport.     A  writing-desk. 

Decanter.     An  ornamental  glass  bottle  for  wine. 

Demijohn.     A  glass  bottle  usually  enclosed  in  wickerwork. 

Den.     An  underground  retreat. 

Desk.     A  stand  usually  containing  drawers. 

Dish.     A  concave  or  hollow  vessel. 

Dormitory.     Any  large  room  in  which  a  number  of  persons  sleep. 

Dorser.     A  basket  for  bread. 

Drawer  J  ^  s^ding  receptacle  in  a  bureau  for  holding  clothes,  etc. 

Drawing-room.     A  reception-room. 

Entresol  [F.].     A  half  story  of  a  house. 

Epergne.      An  ornamental  centerpiece  for  a  dining- table  to  hold 

flowers,  etc. 
Ewer.     A  water  pitcher. 
Faience.     A  highly  decorated  ewer. 
Firkin.     A  wooden  hooped  vessel  to  hold  butter. 
Flagon.     A  vessel  used  to  serve  liquors. 
Flask.     A  small  bottle. 
Flasket.     A  shallow  basket. 
Flat.     A  portion  of  a  floor  divided  into  rooms. 
Feb.     A  watch-pocket. 
Follicle.     A  minute  cavity,  sac,  or  tube. 

Galipot.     A  small  glazed  earthenware  jar  used  by  pharmacists. 
Gallery.     An  elevated  floor  in  a  building. 
Garret.     The  highest  room  of  a  house. 
Gizzard.     The  second  stomach  of  birds. 
Glass.     Any  article  made  of  glass;  a  drinking  vessel. 
Goblet.     A  drinking  vessel  with  stem  and  standard. 
Greenhouse.     A  house  for  raising  plants. 
Ground-floor.     The  lowest  room  in  a  house. 
Grotto.     A  small  cavern. 

Hall.     The  apartment  first  entered  in  a  building. 
Hamper.     A  large  wickerwork  basket. 
Haversack.     A  soldier's  ration  bag. 
Hermitage.     The  cell  of  a  hermit. 
Hod.     A  box  for  carrying  plaster. 
Hold.     Part  of  a  ship  below  deck. 
Hole.     An  opening  in  anything. 
Hopper.     A  funnel-shaped  spout  or  tank. 
Horn.     A  drinking  vessel  made  of  horn. 
Imperial.     A  baggage  case  on  top  of  a  carriage. 
Jar.     A  deep  vessel  of  earthenware  or  glass. 
Jardiniere.     A  jar  or  box  for  floweis. 
Jorum.     A  drinking-bowl. 

Jug.     A  drinking  vessel  for  holding  or  serving  liquids. 
Keg.     A  strong  barrel. 
Kettle.     A  metallic  cooking  utensil. 
Kilderkin.     An  old  English  measure. 
Kit.     A  wooden  tub  or  vessel. 
Kitchen.     The  cooking-room  of  a  house. 
Knapsack.     A  bag  or  case  of  leather  used  by  soldiers. 
Knit.     A  small  bundle. 
Ladle.     A  large  spoon. 
Laundry.     A  room  for  washing  purposes.* 

Lean-to.     A  building  having  a  roof  pitched  toward  another  building 
Library.     A  room  where  books  are  kept. 
Lobby.     An  entrance  or  passageway. 
Locker.     A  small  closet. 

Lodging.     A  place  where  one  dwells.     See  Dweller-Habitation. 
Loft.     The  room  next  to  the  roof. 

Lumber-room.     A  garret  or  chamber  for  lumber  or  waste  articles. 
Manger.     A  feeding-box  for  cattle. 
Matrass.     A  long-necked  round-bodied  glass  vessel. 
Maund.     A  basket. 
Maw.     The  stomach  of  a  bird. 
Mezzanine.     A  half  story  of  a  house. 

Mouth.     The  orifice  by  which  foo",  is  taken  iato  the  body- 
Mug.     A  drinking-cup. 
Net.     A  woven  fabric  for  catching  fish. 
Niche.     A  recessed  space  or  hollow. 
Nipperkin.     A  small  cup. 
Noggin.     A  wooden  mug. 


CONTENTS— RECEIVER. 


211 


CONTENTS— RECEIVER. 


RECEIVER— Denotations — Continued. 


Nook.     A  retired  place. 

Nursery.     A  room  set  apart  for  children. 

Office.     A  business  room. 

Offices.     Business  apartments. 

Oriel.     A  window  built  out  from  a  wall  and  resting  on  a  bracket. 

Outhouse.     A  small  building  standing  apart  from  a  house. 

Outroom.     Outlying  apartment  or  office. 

Pail.     A  conical  vessel  for  carrying  liquids. 

Pan.     A  wide  shallow  tin  vessel. 

Pannier.     A  basket   used   for  carrying  burdens  on  the  backs  of 

animals. 
Pantry.     A  room  where  cooking  utensils  are  kept. 
Parlor.     A  reception-room. 
Passage.     A  corridor,  hall,  or  gallery. 
Patella.     A  cup-Hke  part  of  anything. 

Patera.     A  vessel  used  by  the  Romans  in  pouring  libations. 
Paunch.     The  abdomen. 

Penthouse.     A  structure  in  the  form  of  a  shed  with  a  single  slope. 
Pew.     A  seat  in  a  church. 
Phial.     A  small  bottle. 
Pig.     An  earthen  vessel. 

Pigeon-hole.     A  small  compartment  in  a  desk  for  holding  papers,  etc. 
Piggin.     A  small  wooden  tub  having  one  stave  projecting  for  a 

handle. 
Pipkin.     A  small  earthenware  jar. 

Pitcher.     A  vessel  used  for  holding  and  pouring  liquids. 
Plate.     A  shallow  vessel  for  holding  food. 
Platter.     A  large  plate. 

Pocket.     A  pouch  attached  to  the  clothes  for  carrying  small  articles. 
Pocket-pistol.     A  small  liquor  flask. 
Pod.     A  seed  vessel  of  a  plant. 
Poke.     A  pocket  or  small  bag. 
Porch.     A  covered  entrance. 
Porringer.     A  porridge-dish. 

Portfolio.     A  portable  case  for  carrying  writing  materials,  etc. 
Portico.     A  porch. 

Portmanteau.     A  case  for  carrying  clothing. 
Posnet.     A  small  saucepan. 
Pot.     An  earthenware  vessel. 
Potage.     A  vessel  for  holding  soup. 
Pottle.     A  drinking  vessel. 
Pouch.     A  small  bag  or  sack. 

Presence-chamber.    The  room  in  which  an  official  receives  assemblies. 
Press.     A  closet  for  clothes. 

Punch-bowl.     A  large  bowl  in  which  punch  is  mixed. 
Puncheon.     A  liquor  cask. 
Pyx.     A  receptacle  for  coins. 

Quiver.     A  case  for  carrying  arrows.     See  Store. 
Rack.     An  open  framework  on  which  clothing  is  hung. 
Receiver.     A  vessel  considered  as  a  receptacle  for  gas  or  fluid. 
Reception-room.     A  room  in  which  guests  are  received. 
Recess.     A  secret  place. 
Refectory.     A  hall  set  apart  for  meals. 
Reliquary.     A  casket  or  coffer  in  which  relics  are  kept. 
Reticule.     A  small  bag  for  carrying  needlework,  etc. 
Retort.     A  vessel  with  a  bulb  and  long  stem,  for  distilling  liquids. 
Rez-de-chausse'e  [F.].     The  ground-floor. 
Room.     A  space  in  a  building. 
Rummer.     A  drinking-cup. 
Rundlet.     A  small  wine  barrel. 
Sac.     A  membranous  pouch 
Saccule.     A  little  sac. 
Sachel.     A  leather  traveling-bag. 

Sack.     A  bag,  usually  large,  made  of  strong  material. 
Srddle-bag.     A  pouch  attached  to  a  saddle. 
Safe.     A  strong  metal  chest  for  storing  valuables. 
Salle  a  manger  [F.].     A  dining-room. 

Salon  [F.].     An  apartment  in  which  company  is  received. 
Saloon.     A  large  room  for  receptions,  a  grog-shop. 
Salver.     A  heavy  tray. 
Sanctum.     A  private  room. 
Satchel.     A  leather  traveling-bag. 
Saucepan.     A  small  tin  pan  for  cooking. 


Saucer.     A  shallow  dish  for  holding  a  cup. 

Scabbard.     A  case  for  a  sword. 

School-room,     A  room  where  pupils  meet  for  instruction. 

Scrip.     A  wallet  or  small  bag. 

Scrutoir.     A  writing-desk. 

Scullery.     A  room  where  cooking  utensils  are  kept. 

Scuttle.     A  metal  vessel  for  holding  coal. 

Secretaire  [F.].     A  writing-desk. 

Sheath.     A' case  into  which  a  blade  is  thrust  when  not  in  use. 

Shovel.     A  scoop  for  throwing  coal,  etc. 

Sideboard.     A  cupboard  for  holding  dishes. 

Sitting-room.     A  room  where  guests  are  entertained. 

Skillet.     A  small  kettle  or  stew-pan. 

Skippet.     A  box  for  carrying  a  seal. 

Smoking-room.     A  room  for  smoking. 

Socket.     A  cavity  specially  adapted  to  receive  something. 

Spatula.     A  long  spoon-shaped  instrument. 

Spoon.     A  utensil  used  in  eating  food. 

Stall.     A  place  where  cattle  are  kept. 

Stateroom.  A  private  sleeping  apartment  on  a  train  or  ship;  a 
room  of  state. 

Stomach.     The  organ  of  the  body  which  receives  the  food. 

Storeroom.     A  place  where  goods  are  stored.     See  Store. 

Story.     A  floor  of  a  house. 

Stoup.     A  drinking-cup. 

Studio.     An  artist's  working-room. 

Study.     A  room  for  study. 

Suite  of  rooms.     A  number  of  connected  apartments. 

Summer-house.     A  small  open  structure. 

Tablespoon.     A  utensil  used  for  ladling  food. 

Tableware.     Articles  used  on  the  table. 

Tablinum.    A  room  in  a  Roman  house  where  family  records  were  kept. 

Tankard.     A  large  drinking-cup. 

Tazza.     A  flat  ornamental  cup  supported  by  a  high  foot.    [It-] 

Teaspoon.     A  spoon  used  in  a  tea-cup. 

Tenine.     A  soup-dish. 

Thimble.  A  small  metal  case  worn  on  the  end  of  the  finger  when 
sewing. 

Till.     A  money-drawer. 

Toby.  A  beer-jug  in  the  form  of  an  old  man  wearing  a  three- 
cornered  hat. 

Tray.     A  large  flat  vessel. 

Trencher.     A  wooden  plate. 

Trowel.     A  small  scoop. 

Trunk.     A  covered  box  used  for  carrying  articles  on  a  journey. 

Tub,  A  broad  open-topped  vessel  of  wood,  formed  by  staves  held 
together  by  hoops. 

Tumbler.     A  glass  with  a  stand. 

Tun.     A  large  liquor  cask. 

Tureen.     A  soup-dish. 

Tyg.     A  three-handled  drinking-cup. 

Udder.     The  milk-bag  of  cows. 

Urceus.     A  one-handled  jug  or  pitcher. 

TJrn.     A  vase. 

Utensil.     A  vessel  of  any  kind. 

Utricle.     A  cell  of  an  animal  or  plant. 

Vacherie  [F.].     A  cow-house. 

Valise.     A  small  leather  traveling-bag. 

Vasculum.     A  botanist's  collecting  case. 

Vase.     A  vessel  for  holding  flowers,  etc. 

Vat.     A  large  tub  or  cistern. 

Vault.     A  strong  room  for  storing  valuables. 

Venter.     The  belly. 

Ventricle.     A  cavity  of  a  hollow  organ. 

Veranda.     A  covered  porch. 

Vesicle.     A  small  bladder-like  cavity. 

Vessel.     Any  hollow  receptacle  for  holding  a  liquid. 

Vestibule.     An  entrance  to  a  building. 

Wallet.     A  pouch  for  carrying  money. 

Watch-glass.     A  half -hour  glass  for  dividing  watches  into  periods. 

Whisket.     A  straw  basket  for  cattle  provender. 

Wisket.     A  basket. 

Zarf .     A  metal  cup-holder. 


Receiver — A  djectives. 


Camera  ted.     Provided  with  chambers. 
Capsular.     Like  a  capsule. 
Cellular.     Containing  cells. 
Concave.     Curved  in. 
Cystic.     Containing  cysts. 


Locular.     Having  cells. 

Marsupial.     Having  a  pouch  for  retaining  the  young. 

Multilocular.      Having  many  cells. 

Polygastric.     Provided  with  many  stomachs. 

Recipient.     Ready  to  receive. 


CONTENTS— RECEIVER. 


212 


CONTINUITY— INTERRUPTION. 


RECEIVER— Adjectives— Continued. 


Saccular.     In  the  form  of  a  sac. 
Sacculated.     Provided  with  sacs. 
Siliquose.  )  T  ..  , 

SiliquousJ  L,keaP°d- 


Vascular.      Having  vessels. 
Ventricular.     Like  a  ventricle. 
Vesicular.     Containing  air-bladders. 


con-ter'-min-a-ble.  Limitable.  Beginning -End, 
Cover-Lining. 

con-ter'-mi-nate.  To  end.  Beginning-End,  Boundary. 

con-ter'-mi-nous.  Coextensive.  Beginning-End,  In- 
terspace-Contact. 

con-tes"-sa-ra'-tion.  An  assembly.  Gathering-Scat- 
tering. 

con'-test.    A  struggle.    Strife-Peace. 

con"-tes-ta'-tion.    Strife.    Strife-Peace. 

con'-text.  A  portion  of  a  discourse.  Solitude-Com- 
pany, Writing-Printing. 

con-tex'-ture.     Constitution.     Texture. 

con"-ti-gu'-i-ty.  Nearness.  Interspace-Contact, 
Remoteness-Nearness. 

con-tig'-u-ous.    Adjacent.    Interspace-Contact. 

con'-ti-nence.    Self-restraint.    Purity-Impurity. 

con'-ti-nent.  Greatest  body  of  land;  chaste.  Ocean- 
Land,  Purity-Impurity. 

con"-ti-nen'-tal.  Pertaining  to  a  continent.  Ocean- 
Land. 

con-tin'-gen-cy.  Possibility  of  happening.  Condition- 
Situation,  Contingency,  Possibility-Impossi- 
bility, Rationale-Luck. 

CONTINGENCY. 

Contingency.     The  possibility  of  coming  to  pass. 

Liableness.     Likelihood. 

Liability.     The  state  of  being  likely  to  happen;  tendency  to  happen. 

Possibility.     Power  of  happening,  being  or  existing. 

Susceptibility.     The  capability  of  easily  receiving  impressions. 

Susceptivity.     The  capacity  of  admitting. 

Contingency — Verbs. 

Be  liable,  etc.     Be  likely  or  open  to,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Expose  oneself  to.     To  render  oneself  accessible  to  anything  that 

may  affect. 
Incur.     To  expose  oneself  to. 
Lay  oneself  open  to.     To  expose  oneself  to. 
Lie  under.     To  be  subject  to  or  oppressed  by. 
Open  a  door  to.     To  expose,  lay  open  to  access. 
Run  the  chance .     To  incur  the  liability  that  a  thing  may  happen. 
Stand  the  chance.     To  take  the  chance. 

Contingency — Adjectives. 

Apt  to.     Likely  to. 

At  the  mercy  of.     To  be  completely  in  the  power  of. 

Contingent.     Liable  but  not  certain  to  occur. 

Dependent  on.     Subject  to,  inferior  to. 

Exposed  to.      Rendered  accessible  to  anything. 

Incidental.     Happening  as  an  accidental  event. 


CONTINGENCY— Adjectives— Continued. 
Incident  to.     Apt  to  occur. 
In  danger,  etc.     In  a  state  of  exposure  to  peril,  pain,  or  any  other 

evil,  etc.     See  Security-Insecurity. 
Liable.     Likely,  possible. 
Obnoxious  to.     Exposed,  liable. 
On  the  cards.     Probable. 
Open  to.     Accessible  to. 

Possible.     Likely  or  liable  to  come  to  pass  or  happen. 
Subject.     Exposed  to;  liable. 
TJnexempt  from.     Not  free  from. 
Within  range  of.     Within  reach. 

con-tin'-gent.  A  proportionate  share;  fortuitous;  a 
quota  of  troops;  liable  to  occur.  Assignment, 
Certainty-Doubt,  Condition-Situation,  Contin- 
gency, Modification,  Obstruction-Help,  Outlay- 
Income,  Possibility- Impossibility,  Rationale- 
Luck;  contingent  interest,  Property;  contingents, 
Materials. 

con-tin'-gent  du'-ra-tion.  Duration  dependent  upon 
some  contingency.     Contingent  Duration. 

CONTINGENT  DURATION. 
Contingent  Duration — Adverbs. 

During  good  behavior.     As  long  as  one  behaves  well. 
During  pleasure.     As  long  as  one  is  pleased. 
Quamdiu  se  bene  gesserit  [L.J.     As  long  as  he  carries  himself  well. 
[For  words  denoting  definite  duration,  see  Period-Progress.] 

con-tin'-u-al.  Oft  repeated;  kept  up  without  inter- 
mission. Eternity  -Instantaneity,  Frequency- 
Rarity. 

con-tin'-u-ance.  Duration.  Discontinuance-Con- 
tinuance, Lastingness-Transientness,  Persist- 
ence-Whim. 

con-tin"-u-a'-tion.  The  act  of  continuing  or  that 
which  is  added  by  continuing.  Increment-Rem- 
nant, Precedence-Succession,  Predecessor-Con- 
tinuation, Renewal. 

con-tin"-u-a'-tive.     Kind  of  conjunction.     Particle. 

con-tin'-ue.  To  endure;  to  persist.  Discontinuance- 
Continuance,  Duration-Neverness,  Lastingness- 
Transientness,  Persistence-Whim. 

con-tin'-ued.  Having  extension  of  time,  space,  etc. 
Continuity-Interruption;  continued  success,  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 

con"-ti-nu'-i-ty.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  con- 
tinuous.    Continuity-  Interruption. 


CONTINUITY— INTERRUPTION. 


Array.      Disposition  in  regular  lines. 

Catenation.     The  union  or  interlinking  of  parts,  as  in  a  chain. 
Chain.     Used  figuratively  for  catenation. 
Concatenation.     Catenation. 
Consecution.      Consecutiveness. 

Consecutiveness,  etc.     The  quality  of  following  in  uninterrupted  suc- 
cession, etc.      See  Adjectives. 
Continuity.     Uninterrupted  action,  flow,  etc. 
Course.     The  advance  or  progress  of  anything. 
Gradation.     Arrangement  in  the  regular  order  of  degree. 
Progression.     Regular  advance. 
Round.     Rotation. 
Scale.     Gradation. 
Series.     A  connected  succession. 
Succession.     The  state  of  succeeding  in  order. 
Suite.     A  number  of  things  connected  in  a  series. 
Train.     Succession  considered  as  a  whole. 


Alternation.     The  changing  from  one  thing  or  condition  to  another. 

Break.     The  absence  of  a  connective. 

Crack.     A  partial  break. 

Cut.     An  open  excavation  through  a  mountain,  etc. 

Discontinuity.     The  quality  of  not  being  continuous. 

Disjunction,  etc.     The   state  of    being  disunited,  etc.     See  Uwiow 

Disunion. 
Fault.     Displacement  of  part  of  a  stratum. 
Flaw.     A  break  and  dislocation  in  a  stratum. 
Fracture.     A  partial  breaking  as  in  a  bone. 
Gap,  etc.     An  opening;  a  ravine,  etc.     See  Interspace. 
Intermission.     Temporary  cessation. 
Interruption.      Hindrance;  breaking  in  upon. 
Solution  of  continuity.     Breaking  up  of  continuity. 

Interruption — Denotations. 
Anacoluthon.     Violation  of  the  law  of  sequence  in  grammar. 
Broken  thread.     A  break  in  the  thought  in  a  story. 


CONTINUITY. 


213 


CONTRACT. 


CONTINUITY— INTERRUPTION— Continued. 


Continuity — Denotations. 

Array,     A  body  of  persons  or  things  arranged  in  ranks. 

Cavalcade.     A  company  of  riders  on  the  march. 

Colonnade.     A  range  of  columns. 

Column.  A  body  of  troops  with  narrow  front  but  extended  rear- 
ward. 

Cortege  [P.].     A  file. 

File.     An  orderly  succession  of  men  or  things. 

Genealogy.     A  list  of  ancestors  in  the  order  of  succession. 

Hedge  row.     An  orderly  rank  of  shrubs  or  small  trees. 

Line.     A  series  of  objects  in  a  straight  row. 

Lineage.     Ancestral  line  of  relationship. 

Line  of  battle.     Troops  drawn  up  in  regular  ranks. 

Pedigree.     One's  line  of  ancestors. 

Procession.     A  body  in  marching  order. 

Race.     A  genealogical  or  family  stock. 

Range.     A  class  of  objects  considered  as  making  a  rank  or  series. 

Rank.     A  series  of  objects  arranged  in  a  row." 

Rank  and  file.  Rows  regarded  as  running  from  side  to  side  and  from 
front  to  back. 

Retinue.     A  body  of  persons  attending  a  person  of  rank. 

Row.     A  line  of  persons  or  things. 

String.     A  connected  series  or  succession  of  things. 

Suit.     A  succession  of  things  forming  a  series. 

Team.     Several  persons  who  act  together  in  a  particular  work. 

Thread.     A  steady  succession  of  thoughts  or  things. 

Tier.     A  rank  or  row  in  a  series. 

Continuity — Verbs. 

File.     To  march  one  after  the  other. 

Graduate.     To  arrange  according  to  the  degree  of  some  quality. 

Tabulate.     To  make  a  systematic  record  of. 

Thread.     To  arrange  on  a  thread. 

Continuity — Verbal  Expressions. 
Arrange  in  a  series,  etc.  (see  Nouns};  fall  in,  get  into  line,  follow  in  a 
series;  form  in  a  series,  etc.  (see  Nouns) ;  string  together. 

Continuity — Adjectives. 
Consecutive,     Following  in  regular  order. 
Constant.     Unchangeable . 

Continued.     Having  but  slight  pauses  or  intervals. 
Continuous.     Absolutely  without  intervals  or  breaks. 
Entire.     Having  all  its  parts. 
Evergreen.     Green  the  whole  year. 
Gradual.     Proceeding  by  regular  steps. 
Immediate.     Coming  after  with  the  loss  of  little  time. 
In  a  line.    '    .      >• 

t-  « f  See  Nouns. 

In  a  row.  ) 

Linear.     Continuous  like  a  line. 
Perennial.     Continuing  for  many  years. 
Progressive.     Advancing  regularly. 
Serial.     Arranged  in  a  series. 
Successive.     Following  in  order. 
Unbroken.     Not  broken. 
Unintermitting.     Not  ceasing. 
Uninterrupted.     Not  hindered. 
Unremitting.     Not  relaxing. 

Continuity — Adverbs. 
Continuously.     In  a  continuous  manner. 
Gradatim  [L.1.1  „      , 
Gradually.       J  }  By  degrees. 


INTERRUPTION— Denotations— Continued. 

Caesura.     A  pause  in  a  metrical  foot. 

Dropping  fire.     Continued,  irregular  discharge  of  firearms. 
Episode.     An  incident  or  story  in  a  literary  work,  separable  from  it. 
Parenthesis.     An  explanatory  clause  inserted  in  a  sentence. 
Patchwork.     Work  made  up  of  misfitting  materials. 
Rhapsody.     A  series  of  utterances  or  sentences  without   natural 
connection. 

Interruption — Verbs. 

Alternate.     To  change  from  one  to  another. 

Disconnect,  etc.  To  sever  the  connection,  etc.  See  Union-Dis- 
union. 

Discontinue.     To  leave  off. 

Intermit.     To  cease  for  a  time. 

Interpose,  etc.  To  come  between,  etc.  See  Environment-Inter- 
position. 

Interrupt.     To  hinder  by  breaking  in  upon  the  course  of. 

Intervene.     To  come  between. 

Pause.     A  short  stop. 

Interruption — Adjectives. 

Alternate.     Following  one  after  the  other. 

Broken.     Lacking  a  connective. 

Desultory.     Skipping  from  one  to  another. 

Disconnected.     Not  united. 

Discontinuous.     Not  continuous. 

"Few  and  far  between."  Scarce,  "Like  angel  visits."  [Camp- 
bell: Pleasures  of  Hope,  ii,  378. | 

Fitful,  etc.  Marked  by  great  irregularity,  etc.  See  Regularity- 
Irregularity. 

Intermittfngi  etc.)  Ceasing  at  times'  etc'     ^  Verbs- 
Interrupted.     Broken  in  upon. 

Recurrent,  etc.     Occurring  again  at  stated  times,  etc.     See  Perio- 
dicity. 
Spasmodic.     Acting  by  starts. 
Unconnected.     Not  connected. 
Unsuccessive.     Not  successive. 

Interruption — A  dverb. 

Skippingly.     With  omissions. 

Interruption — A  dverbial  Expressions. 

At  intervals;  by  catches,  by  short  intervals  of  action;  by  fits  and 
starts;  by  jerks;  by  skips;  by  snatches;  longo  intervallo  [L.[|,  by 
a  long  interval;  per  saltum  [L.],  by  a  leap. 


CONTINUITY— Adverbs— Continued. 

Running.     Continuously. 
Seriatim  [L.].     One  after  another. 

Continuity — Adverbial  Expressions. 

At  a  stretch,  without  interruption ;  in  a  line  (see  Nouns)  ;  in  column, 
in  file,  in  Indian  file,  in  single  file,  marching  one  after  the  other; 
in  succession;  in  turn;  step  by  step,  slowly. 


con-tort'.  To  twist.  Circle-Winding,  Proportion- 
Deformity. 

con-tor'-tion.  Unnatural  writhing  or  wryness.  Pro- 
portion-Deformity. 

con-tor'- tion-ist.  One  who  is  trained  to  distort  his 
limbs.     Acting. 

con-tour'.  Outline.  Appearance-Disappearance, 
Form-Formlessness,  Outline. 

contra  [L.]  (con'-tra).  Against;  opposite;  contrary. 
Sameness-Contrast. 

contra  bonos  mores  [L.]  (con'-tra  bo'-nos  mo'-riz). 
Against  good  manners.  Dueness  -  Undueness, 
Taste-Vulgarity,  Virtue-Vice. 

contra,  per  [L.]  (con'-tra,  per).  On  the  contrary. 
Antagonism-Concurrence. 


con'-tra-band.  Forbidden.  Law-Lawlessness,  Leave- 
Prohibition,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

con'-tra-bas"-so.  The  double-bass  viol.  Musical 
Instruments. 

con-tract'.  To  shrink ;  to  make  a  contract.  Breadth- 
Narrowness,  Engagement,  Enlargement-Dimi- 
nution; contract  a  debt,  Credit-Debt;  contract  a 
habit,  Habit-Desuetude;  contract  an  obligation, 
Engagement. 

con'-tract.  A  formal  agreement  between  two  or  more 
parties.     Contract,  Engagement,  Enterprise. 

CONTRACT. 
Affidation.     Promise. 
Agreement.    An  engagement  that  something  shall  be  done  or  omitted 


CONTRACT. 


214 


CONTRE-TEMPS. 


Bargain.     An  agreement,  between  two  parties  as  to  the  buying  and 

selling  of  a  piece  of  property. 
Bond.     A  writing  under  seal  by  which  a  person  binds  himself  to  pay 

a  sum  of  money. 
Cartel.     A  written  agreement  between  belligerents  for  the  exchange 

of  prisoners. 
Charter.     A  written  document  given  by  the  proper  authority  to  a 

company  of  men,  giving  them  certain  privileges,  rights,  and  fran- 
chises. 
Compact.     An  agreement ;  a  mutual  contract. 
Completion.     The  end  of  an  agreement. 
Compromise.     A  mutual  agreement  brought  about  by  both  sides 

making  concessions. 
Concordat.     A  covenant ;  a  compact. 
Contract.     An  agreement  between  two,  stipulating  what  each  one 

will  do  and  what  he  will  not  do. 
Convention.     An  agreement  preliminary  to  a  treaty. 
Covenant.     An  agreement  between  God  and  man. 
Indenture.     A  written  agreement  between  two  parties,  of  which  each 

one  keeps  a  duplicate. 
Pact.     An  agreement. 
Paction.     See  Pact. 
Protocol.     A  preliminary  treaty. 

Settlement.     An  agreement  giving  possession  under  legal  sanction. 
.Stipulation.     A  contract  or  bargain. 
Treaty.     An  agreement  or  contract  between  nations. 

Contract — Denotations. 

Magna  Charta.     A  charter  of  English  liberties  secured  from  King 

John  on  the  demand  of  the  barons,  June  is,  1215. 
Pragmatic  Sanction.     An  edict  of  Charles  VI,  of  the  House  of  Haps- 

burg,  regulating  the  succession  to  the  Austrian  throne. 
Sonderbund  [G.].     A  league  of  the  Swiss  states. 
Zollverein  [G.].     A  tax-union  of  the  German  states. 

Contract — Associated  Nouns. 

Diplomacy.     The   art   of   transacting   business   between   sovereign 

states. 
Negotiator.     One  who  transacts  business.     See  Consignee. 
Seal.     The  impression  made  by  a  stamp,  attesting  the  genuineness 

of  an  instrument. 
Sigil.     A  seal  or  signature. 

Signature.     The  name  of  the  author  or  party  to  an  instrument. 
Signet.     A  seal. 

Contract — Verbs. 

Agree  for.     See  Harmony. 

Bargain,  etc.     See  Exchange. 

Bargain  by  inch  of  candle.     To  bargain  closely. 

Clench.     To  bind.  , 

Close.     To  come  to  an  agreement. 

Close  with.     To  end  the  bargain. 

Come  to  an  understanding.!  . 

Come  to  terms.  /  Agree 

Complete.     To  fulfil. 

Compromise,  etc.     See  Composition. 

Conclude.     To  end;  to  finish. 

Confirm.     To  ratify;  to  sign. 

Contract.     To  enter  into  an  agreement. 

Covenant.     To  contract  for  a  single  thing. 

Endorse.     To  yet  one's  signature  to  a  check  or  note. 

Engage,  etc.     See  Engagement. 

Indent.     To  seal. 

Indorse.     To  sign. 

Make  a  bargain.}. 

Make  terms.         /  •nKTee- 

Negotiate.     To  treat  with. 

Put  the  seal  to.     Seal. 

Ratify.     To  make  valid  by  approval. 

Seal,  etc      To  place  a  seal  upon,  etc.     See  Evidence 

Set  at  rest.     Settle 

Settle.     To  come  to  an  agreement. 

Sign.     To  attach  one's  signature  to. 

Stipulate.     To  require  in  an  agreement. 

Strike  a  bargain.     Come  to  an  agreement. 

Subscribe.     To  set  one's  name  to  a  paper  for  the  promise  of  paying  a 

certain  sum. 
Take  one  at  one's  word.     End  a   bargain. 
Treat.     To  deal  with. 
Underwrite.     To  affix  one's  signature. 


Contract — Adjectives. 

Agreed,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Conventional.     Pertaining  to  convention. 

Under  hand  and  seal.     Ratified. 


Contract — Phrases. 


A  forfait  [F.].     By  contract. 

Caveat  emptor  [L.].     Let  the  buyer  beware. 

con-tract'-ed.  Drawn  together.  Breadth-Narrow- 
ness. 

con-tract'-ile.  Producing  contraction.  Enlargement- 
Diminution. 

con"-trac-til'-i-ty.  The  inherent  force  by  which  bodies 
shrink.     Enlargement-Diminution. 

con-tract'-ing.  Drawing  together.  Enlargement- 
Diminution. 

con-trac'-tion.  The"  act  of  contracting.  Aperture- 
Closure,  Digest,  Enlargement-Diminution, 
Writing-Printing. 

con"-tra-dict'.  To  deny;  to  oppose.  Antagonism- 
Concurrence,  Assent-Dissent,  Assertion-De- 
nial, Sameness-Contrast. 

con"-tra-dic'-tion.  A  gainsaying.  Sameness-Con. 
trast. 

con"-tra-dict'-o-ry.  Diametrically  opposed.  Asser. 
tion-Denial,  Evidence-Counterevidence,  Same- 
ness-Contrast. 

con"-tra-dis-tinc'-tion.  Distinction  by  contrast.  Vari- 
ation. 

con"-tra-in'-di-cate.  To  indicate  the  opposite  of. 
Motive-Dehortation. 

con"-tra-in"-di-ca'-tion.  Unfavorable  indication.  Mo- 
tive-Dehortation. 

contraire  [F.]  (con'-trar') .      Contrary. 

contraire,  tout  au  [F.]  (con'-trar',  tut-o).  Quite  the 
contrary.   Assertion-Denial. 

con-tral'-to.  The  part  between  soprano  and  tenor. 
Resonance-Nonresonance. 

con"-tra-po-si'-tion.  A  placing  opposite.  Laterality- 
Contraposition,  Reversal. 

con"-tra-pun'-tist.  One  skilled  in  counterpoint.  Mel- 
ody-Dissonance. 

con-tra'-ri-ant.    Opposing.    Sameness-Contrast. 

con-tra-ri'-e-ty.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  contrary. 
Cooperation-Opposition,  Sameness-Contrast. 

con'-tra-ri-ly.     Perversely.     Sameness-Contrast. 

con-tra'-ri-ous.  Showing  opposition.  Sameness-Con- 
trast. 

con'-tra-ri-wise.    Conversely.    Sameness-Contrast. 

con'-tra-ry.  Antagonistic;  captious;  opposite  in  direc- 
tion. Antagonism-Concurrence,  Cooperation- 
Opposition,  Persistence-Whim,  Sameness-Con- 
trast; contrary  to  expectation,  Expectation-Sur- 
prise, Likelihood-Unlikelihood;  contrary  to 
reason,  Possibility-Impossibility;  quite  the  con- 
trary, Assertion-Denial,  Sameness-Contrast. 

con'-trast.  The  opposition  between  things  similar  in 
some  respects  which  are  yet  strikingly  different. 
Comparison,  Sameness-Contrast,  Variation. 

con-trast'-ed.  Set  in  opposition.  Sameness-Con- 
trast. 

con'-tra-val-la'-tion.  A  trench  guarded  by  a  parapet. 
Attack-Defense. 

con"-tra-vene'.  To  prevent.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Assertion-Denial,  Evidence-Counterevi- 
dence, Obstruction-Help,  Sameness-Contrast. 

contre  cceur,  d,  [F.]  (con'tr  cur,  a).  Against  the  grain. 
Readiness-Reluctance. 

contre-coup  [F.]  (contr-cu').  A  rebound.  Impetus- 
Reaction. 

contre-temps  [F.]  (con'tr-tan-').  A  disappointment: 
a  mischance.  Obstruction-Help,  Opportuneness- 
Unsuitableness,  Welfare-Misfortune. 


CONTRIBUTE. 


215    CONVENTIONALITY—  UNCONVENTIONALITY. 


con-tri'-bute.  To  give  aid  to  some  object;  to  share  in 
effecting  a  result.  Cause-Effect,  Cooperation- 
Opposition,  Giving-Receiving,  Inclination,  Ob- 
struction-Help. 

con"-tri-bu'-tion.  The  act  of  contribution  or  that 
which  is  contributed.  Giving-Receiving;  lay  under 
contribution,  Dueness-Undueness,  Taking-Resti- 
tution. 

con'-trite.     Penitent.     Repentance-Obduracy. 

con-tri'-tion.  Deep  penitence;  friction.  Friction- 
Lubrication,  Repentance-Obduracy. 

Icon-tri'-vance.     Device.     Design. 

Fcon-trive'.  Invent;  plot.  Craft-Artlessness,  Crea- 
tion-Destruction, Design;  contrive  to,  Success- 
Failure. 

con-triv'-ing.    Scheming.    Craft-Artlessness. 

con-trol'.  Regulation.  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Management,  Might-Impotence,  President-Mem- 
ber, Release-Restraint,  Rule-License;  board  of 
control,  Council,  Management;  under  control,  In- 
subordination-Obedience, Liberty-Subjection, 
Rule-License. 

con"-trc-ver'-sial.  Polemical;  contentious.  Ratioci- 
nation-Casuistry, Variance-Accord. 

con"-trc-ver'-sial-ist.  A  disputant.  Belligerent, 
Ratiocination-Casuistry. 

con'-tro-ver"-sy.  A  disputation.  Ratiocination- 
Instinct,  Strife-Peace. 

con"-tro-vert'.  To  deny  and  endeavor  to  disprove. 
Assertion-Denial,  Ratiocination-Instinct,  Vari- 
ance-Accord. 

con"-tro-vert'-i-ble.  Disputable.  Certainty-Doubt, 
Ratiocination-Instinct,  Truth-Error. 

con"-tro-ver'-tist.    Debater.  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

con"-tu-ma'-cious.  Rebellious.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Insubordination-Obedience. 

con'-tu-ma-cy.  Insolent  and  stubborn  perseverance. 
Bigotry-Apostasy,    Insubordination-Obedience. 


con"-tu-me'-li-ous.  Rude.  Politeness-Impoliteness, 
Presumption  -  Obsequiousness,  Regard  -  Disre- 
spect. 

con'-tu-me-ly.  Scornful  insolence.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Regard-Disre- 
spect, Regard-Scorn. 

con-tund'.    To  bruise  by  beating.     Friability. 

con-tuse'.    To  beat.- Friability. 

con-tu'-sion.    A  pulverizing.     Friability. 

co-nun'-drum.  A  riddle.  Ambiguity,  Tidings-Mys- 
tery, Wittiness-Dulness. 

con"-va-les'-cence.  Progressive  restoration  to  health 
and  strength  after  disease.  Renovation-Re- 
lapse. 

con"-va-les'-cent.  Getting  well.  Renovation-Re- 
lapse. 

con-vec'-tion.     The  act  of  conveying.     Transfer. 

con-vene'.    To  assemble.     Gathering-Scattering. 

con-ve'-nienc-es.  Those  things  which  are  convenient. 
Means. 

con-ve'-nient.  Conducive  to  comfort  or  ease.  Pro- 
priety-Impropriety. 

con-ve'-nient-ly.     Suitably.     Propriety-Impropriety. 

con'- vent.  The  house  occupied  by  a  body  of  monks  or 
nuns.     Fane,  Sociability-Privacy. 

con-ven'-ti-cle.  A  religious  meeting.  Council,  Gath- 
ering-Scattering, Fane. 

con-ven'-tion.  A  formal  gathering  of  persons  for  some 
specific  object;  a  compact.  Contract,  Council, 
Fighting-Conciliation,  Gathering  -  Scattering; 
conventions  of  society,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

con-ven'-tion-al.  Established  by  custom.  Conven- 
tion ality-Unconventionality,  Fertility-Steril- 
ity, Habit-Desuetude,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

con-ven'-tion-al-ism.    Formality.     Habit-Desuetude. 

con-ven"-tion-al'-i-ty.  A  formality.  Convention- 
ality-Unconventionality,  Habit-Desuetude. 


CONVENTIONALITY— UNCONVENTIONALITY. 


Agreement,  etc.     Exact  sameness,  etc.     See  Harmony. 
C     f     m't         i  Correspondence  in  form,  character,  etc. 

Conventionality,  etc.     Adherence  to  certain  forms  and  usages,  etc. 

See  Habit. 
Exemplification.     A  showing  by  example. 
Naturalization.     The  act  of  making  natural  or  conformable  to  habit 

or  custom.      Making  a  foreigner  a  citizen. 
Observance.     Adherence  to  rule. 

Conventionality — Associated  Nouns. 
Case  in  point.     An  instance  supporting  an  argument. 
Example.     Anything  used  as  a  copy  or  model. 
Illustration.     A  print,  drawing,  or  picture  of  any  kind. 
Instance.     A  case  offered  as  an  exemplification. 
Pattern.     That  after  which   something   should   be   modeled.     See 

Model. 
Quotation.     A  passage  from  a  book  used  as  an  illustration,  and  cited 

verbatim. 
Sample.     A  part  taken  as  the  representative  of  the  whole. 
Specimen.     A  sample. 

Conventionality — Verbs. 
Cite.     To  refer  to  by  giving  exact  location. 
Exemplify.     To  prove  by  an  example. 
Illustrate.     To  make  clear  by  comparisons. 
Quote.     To  give  the  substance  of  another's  words. 

Conventionality — Verbal  Expressions. 
Accommodate  oneself  to;  adapt  oneself  to;  be  guided  by;  bend  to  pre- 
cedents, to  do  as  has  been  done;  bend  to  rules;  be  regular,  etc.  (see 
Adjectives) .  be  regulated  by;  chime  in  with,  to  agree  to;  comply 
with;  conform  to  rule;  do  as  others  do;  do  at  Rome  as  the  Romans 
do,  to  conform  to  one's  surroundings;  fall  into  a  custom;  fall  into 
a  usage;  fall  in  with,  to  conform  to;  follow  precedents;  follow  rules; 
follow  the  fashion;  follow  the  multitude;  go  by  precedents ;  go  by 
rules;  go  with  the  current;  go  with  the  stream;  go  with  the  tide; 
hurler  avec  les  hups  [F.O,  to  howl  with  the  wolves;  to  do  as  others 


Aberration.     A  wandering  from  a  prescribed  course. 

Abnormality.     The  state  of  not  being  according  to  the  usual  natural 

condition  or  rule. 
Anomalousness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  anomalous,  etc.     See  Ad. 

jectives. 
Anomaly.     A  rare  exception  to  a  rule. 
Bizarrerie  [P.].     Whim. 

Breach  of  custom.     Departure  from  the  ordinary  way  of  acting. 
Breach  of  law.     The  doing  of  something  contrary  to  law. 
Breach  of  usage.      Performance   of     anything    not    approved   by 

usage. 
Disconformity.     Lack  of  conformity. 
Eccentricity.     The  state  of  being  odd,  out  of  center. 
Exception.     A  variation  from  a  rule. 

Exemption.     Freedom  from  a  common  burden  or  obligation. 
Idiosyncrasy.     Mental  peculiarity  of  a  person. 
Individuality.  The  state  of  having  a  combination  of  qualities  peculiar 

only  to  one. 
Informality.     Absence  of  formality. 
Infraction  of  custom.     See  Breach  of  custom. 
Infraction  of  law.     See  Breach  of  law. 
Infraction  of  usage.     See  Breach  of  usage. 
Infringement  of  custom.     See  Breach  of  custom. 
Infringement  ^of  law.     See  Breach  of  law. 
Infringement *of  usage.     See  Breach  of  usage. 
Irregularity.     The  state  of  not  being  regular. 
fe  ne  sais  quoi  [F.].     I  know  not  what. 
Mannerism.     Adherence  to  a  certain  manner  or  style. 
Monstrosity.     Great  abnormality. 
Non-conformity,  etc.     Neglect  or  refusal  to  conform,  etc.     See  Con* 

ventionality. 
Oddity.     Something  the  like  of  which  cannot  easily  be  found. 
Originality.     The  power  or  state  of  being  original. 
Peculiarity.     Quality  belonging  only  to  one. 
Rarity.     The  state  of  being  rare. 
Salvo,  etc.     A  proviso,  etc.     See  Modification. 
Singularity.     The  quality  of  being  singular  or  rare. 
Unconventionality.     The  state  of  not  being  conventional 


CONVENTIONALITY. 


216   CONVENTIONALITY— UNCONVENTIONALITY. 


CONVENTIONALITY— UNCONVENTIONALITY— C<m*.n«*<f. 


CONVENTIONALITY— Verbal  Expressions— Continued. 

do;  keep  one  in  countenance,  to  stay  in  the  favor  of  others;  move 
in  a  groove,  to  become  settled  in  habits,  thought,  etc.;  obey  pre- 
cedents; obey  rules;  observe  precedents;  observe  rules;  pass  mus- 
ter, to  pass  a  successful  examination;  produce  an  instance,  etc. 
(see  Nouns) ;  put  a  case,  give  an  example ;  rub  off  corners,  to  trim 
or  train  so  as  to  make  more  suitable ;  swim  with  the  current,  swim 
with  the  stream,  swim  with  the  tide,  tally  with,  to  do  as  others  do; 
tread  the  beaten  track,  etc.,  to  be  ruled  by  precedents,  etc.  (see 
Habit). 

Conventionality — Adjectives. 

Canonical.     Pertaining  to  the  canon  of  scripture. 

Common.     To  be  noticed  everywhere  or  often. 

Conventional,  etc.     Conformity  to  a  fixed  standard,  etc.     See  Habit. 

Exemplary.     Worthy  to  be  taken  as  an  example. 

Formal.     Inclined  to  the  observance  of  forms. 

Habitual.     Settled  by  frequent  practise. 

Illustrative.     Serving  to  illustrate. 

Naturalized.  Accepted  as  a  citizen  of  a  foreign  country;  accom- 
modated to  new  surroundings. 

Normal.     Conforming  to  the  general  rule  of  nature. 

Orderly.     Nicely  arranged. 

Ordinary.     Not  above  the  average. 

Orthodox.     In  accordance  with  the  established  belief. 

Positive.     Laid  down  arbitrarily. 

Procrustean.  Violently  forcing  into  conformity,  as  did  Procrustes, 
an  Athenian  highwayman,  who  made  every  one  fit  his  bed  by 
stretching  him  or  cutting  off  his  legs. 

Regular,  etc.     Following  some  rule,  etc.     See  Uniformity. 

Rigid.     Not  varying. 

Sound.     Well  grounded. 

Strict.     Rigorous. 

Technical.      Pertaining  to  the  principles  of  some  profession. 

Typical.     Marked  by  the  principal  characteristics  of  a  group. 

Uncompromising.      Not  conceding  anything. 

Usual.     Customary. 

Conventionality — Adjective  Expressions. 

According  to  Cocker,  according  to  the  best  authority;  according  to 
regulation;  according  to  rule;  conformable  to  rule;  en  regie  [FJ, 
according  to  rule;  in  point;  in  the  natural  order  of  things;  in  the 
order  of  the  day,  on  the  program  of  the  day's  work;  of  daily  occur- 
rence; of  every  day  occurrence;  secundum  artem  [L.],  according 
to  rule;  selon  les  regies  [F.],  according  to  rules;  ship-shape,  in  good 
order;  well  regulated. 

Conventionality — Adverbs. 
Conformably,  etc.     In  conformity  with,  etc.     See  Adjectives, 
Invariably,  etc.     Without  variation,  etc.     See  Uniformity. 

Conventionality — A  dverbial  Expressions. 
According  to;  ad  instar  [L.],  after  the  manner  of;  agreeably  to;  as  a 
matter  of  course ;  as  usual;  by  rule;  by  the  card,  correctly;  consist- 
ently with;  e.  g.  [L.],  for  exempli  gratia  [L.],  for  the  sake  of  an 
example;  for  example;  for  form's  sake;  for  instance;  for  the 
sake  of  conformity;  in  accordance  with;  in  conformity  with;  in 
keeping  with;  instar  omnium  [L.],  the  manner  of  all;  inter  alia  [L-], 
among  other  things;  more  majorum  [L.],  in  the  manner  of  our  fore- 
fathers; of  course;  pro  forma  [L.],  for  the  sake  of  form;  solito 
majorum  [L.],  according  to  the  custom  of  our  ancestors. 

Conventionality — Phrases. 
Cela  va  sans  dire  [F.J.     That  goes  without  saying. 
Ex  pede  Herculem  [L.].     We  recognize  a  Hercules  by  his  foot. 
Noscitur  a  sociis  [L.].     One  is  known  by  the  company  he  keeps. 


UNCONVENTIONALITY— Continued  from  Column  a. 
Unconventionality — Scientific  Noun. 
Teratology.     That   branch    of   biology    which   treats    of   abnormal 
growths. 

Unconventionality — Verbal  Expressions. 
Baffle  all  description,  beggar  all  description,  to  be  unable  to  be  de- 
scribed properly;  be  unconformable,  etc.  (see  Adjectives') ;  break 
a  custom;  break  a  habit;  break  a  law;  break  a  usage;  drive  a  coach 
and  six  through;  have  no  business  there,  to  be  out  of  place;  infringe 
a  custom;  infringe  a  habit;  infringe  a  law;  infringe  a  usage;  leave 
the  beaten  path,  to  err  in  any  way;  leave  the  beaten  track;  stretch 
a  point,  to  make  an  exception  to  the  dictates  of  one's  conscience; 
violatr  a  custom;  violate  a  habit;  violate  a  law;  violate  a  usage. 


Variety.     Absence  of  sameness  in  things. 
Violation  of  custom.     See  Breach  of  custom. 
Violation  of  law.     See  Breach  of  law. 
Violation  of  usage.     See  Breach  op  usage. 

Unconventionality — Denotations, 

Black  swan.     An  Australian  species  of  swan. 

Centaur.  A  fabled  monster,  a  horse  having  the  body  and  head  of  man. 

Character.  Combination  of  qualities  distinguishing  any  person  or  thing. 

Chimera.  A  fire-breathing  monster,  a  combination  of  lion,  goat,  and 
serpent. 

Cockatrice.     A  winged  and  legged  serpent. 

Cross-breed.     The  offspring  of  different  breeds. 

Curiosity.  An  object  that  attracts  attention  by  some  peculiar  char- 
acteristic. 

Cyclops.     A  fabled  race  of  one-eyed  giants. 

Dragon.     A  large  winged  lizard  or  serpent. 

Fish  out  of  water.     Anything  in  an  unusual  condition. 

Flying  fish.     A  winged  fish. 

Freak  of  nature.     Anything  unnatural. 

Griffon  i  ^  creature  half  lion  and  half  eagle. 

Half-blood.  1  n        ,  ,  .._ 

Half-breed  i  whose  parents  are  of  different  races. 

Half-caste.     One  whose  parents  are  of  European  and  East-Indian 

blood. 
Hermaphrodite.     An  animal  having  the   sexual  characteristics  of 

both  sexes. 
Hippocentaur.     A  centaur. 
Hippogriff .   A  fabled  beast  having  the  head  and  claws  of  a  griffin  and 

the  hoofs  and  tail  of  a  horse. 
Hybrid.     An  animal  or  plant  produced  from  a  mixture  of  different 

breeds. 
Hydra.     A  nine-headed  water- serpent. 

Kraken.     A  fabulous  sea-monster,  said  to  be  a  mile  and  a  half  in  cir- 
cumference. 
Lusus  nature  [L.].     A  freak  of  nature. 

Men  whose  heads  do  grow  beneath  their  shoulders.     Freaks.     [Shake- 
speare, Othello,  I,  3.] 
Mermaid.     A  marine  creature  having  the  head  and  body  of  a  woman 

and  ending  in  the  tail  of  a  fish. 
Mitis  [F.j.     Any  one  of  mixed  blood. 

Miracle.     Any  event  beyond  the  power  of  ordinary  natural  agencies. 
Mongrel.     The  offspring  of  different  breeds. 
Monster.     A  fabulous  animal  half  human,  half  brute. 
Mulatto.     The  offspring  of  a  white  person  and  a  black  person. 
Mule.     A  hybrid  between  the  ass  and  horse. 
Neither  fish,  nor  flesh,  nor  good  red  herring.     Neither  one  thing  nor 

another.     [Heywood's  Proverbs,  A.  D.  1546.] 
Neither  one  thing  nor  another.     Anything  difficult  to  distinguish 

the  species  of. 
Non-conformist.     One  who  does  not  conform  to  established  usage  or 

law,  especially  in  church  matters. 
Nondescript.     A  person  or  thing  difficult  to  describe. 
Nonsuch.     Anything  the  like  of  which  is  not  known. 
Oasis.     A  fertile  spot  in  a  desert. 
One  in  a  thousand.     A  rare  article. 
One  in  a  way.     An  odd  thing. 

Original.     A  person  or  thing  which  differs  from  any  ordinary  type. 
Outcast.     One  cast  out  from  home  or  country. 
Outlaw.     A  person  deprived  of  the  benefit  of  the  law. 
Phcenix.     A  sacred  bird  which  sacrificed  itself  by  burning  every  500 

years,  and  rose  out  of  the  ashes  young  and  beautiful. 
Prodigy.     Something  so  out  of  the  ordinary  as  to  excite  wonder 
Queer  fish.      A  Caliban.      [Shakespeare,  Tempest,  II,  i.]     An  odd 

and  droll  person,  A.  D.  1750.    "He  was  an  odd  fish."   [Franklin's 

Autobiography.)    "The  queerest, coolest  fish  in  Rugby."  [Hughes, 

Tom  Brown.] 
Rara  avis  [L.].     A  rare  bird. 

Roc.     A  fabulous  bird  of  prey.     [The  Arabian  Nights.] 
Sagittary.     A  centaur. 

Scab.     A  laborer  who  does  not  act  with  a  labor-union. 
Sea-serpent.     A  monster. 

Sphinx.     A  winged  monster  with  a  woman's  head  and  lion's  body. 
TerUum  quid  [L.].     A  third  something. 
Unicorn.     A  monster  having  the  body  of  a  horse  and  a  single  long 

horn  projecting  from  the  head. 
Wonder.     Any  object  that  causes  wonder. 
Wyvern.     A  winged  dragon,  figured  in  heraldry.     ["Blaze  like  • 

wyvern  flying  round  the  sun."     Browning,  Paracelsus.'] 
Xiphopagus.     A  double  monster,  such  as  the  Siamese  twins. 
.  (Continued  on  Column  1.) 


CONVENTIONALITY— UNCONVENTIONALITY.    217 


CONVERSATION— MONOLOGUE. 


UNCONVENTIONALITY— Continued. 


Unconventionality — Adjeciixer,. 


Aberrant.      Deviating  from  a  prescribed  course. 
Abnormal. 


Not  normal. 

Irregular  in  shape. 
Possessing  two  natures. 


|  Partaking  of  the  nature  of  a  male  and  a  female. 


AbnormousJ 

Amorphous. 

Amphibious. 

Androgynal. 

Androgynous 

AnoSatous!'}  Not  conf°™in«  *°  *  ™le- 

Arbitrary.      Depending  on  no  rule. 

Bizarre  [F.].     Fantastic. 

Curious.     Somewhat  odd  or  strange. 

Denaturalized.      Made  unnatural;  deprived  of  citizenship. 

Eccentric.     Not  conforming  to  any  rule. 

Egregious.     Extraordinary. 

Epicene.     Common  to  both  sexes. 

Exceptional.     Not  ordinary. 

Exclusive.     Not  including  some  things. 

Exotic.     Foreign. 

Extraordinary.      Out  of  the  ordinary  course. 

Fantastic.     Extremely  fanciful. 

Grotesque.     Whimsical  and  uncouth. 

Heteroclite.     Anomalous.      A  noun  declined  from  more  than  one 

stem. 
Heterogeneous.     Possessing  characteristics  of  a  number  of  different 

things 
Hybrid.      Produced  from  the  mixture  of  two  species. 
Informal.      Not  formal. 
Not  regular. 
Not  restrained  by  law. 
Bestowed  in  the  wrong  place. 
Of  mixed  breed. 


Monstrous. 

gods. 
Nondescript. 
Non-union. 
Noteworthy. 


Very  abnormal,  so  as  to  be  an  admonition  from  the 


Irregular. 
Lawless. 
Misplaced. 
Mongrel. 


Not  able  to  be  described. 
Opposed  to  trades-unions. 
Worthy  of  observation. 
Odd.     Not  having  anything  to  mate  it. 
Original.     Not  imitated  or  imitating. 
Outlandish.     Uncouth. 
Outre"  [F.].     Extravagant. 
Peculiar.     Belonging  to  one. 

Preternatural.     Not  governed  by  any  known  powers  of  nature 
Quaint.     Not  conforming  to  the  present  manner,  style,  etc. 
Qualified,  etc.     Limited,  etc.     See  Modification. 
Queer.     Slightly  comical. 
Rare.     Occurring  not  very  often;  dear. 
Remarkable.     Extraordinary  and  noticeable. 
Singular.     Entirely  different  from  others. 
Strange.     Not  easily  explained. 
Stray.     Not  often  met  with. 
Unaccountable.     Not  to  be  accounted  for. 
Unaccustomed.     Not  accustomed. 
Uncommon.     Not  common. 
Unconformable.     Not  conformable. 
Unconventional.     Not  customary. 
Uncustomary.     Not  usual. 
Undescribed.     Unheard  of. 
Unexampled.     Unprecedented. 
Unusual.     Not  usual. 
Unwonted.     Not  customary. 
Wandering.     Not  guided  by  anything  definite. 
Wanton.     Free  from  restraint. 
Wonderful,  etc.     Strange,  etc.     See  Astonishment. 


Unconventionality — Adjective  Expressions. 


New-fangled,  out  of  keeping,  not  in  harmony  with;  out  of  one's  ele- 
ment, not  in  circumstances  to  which  one  is  accustomed;  out  of 
order;  out  of  place;  out  of  the  beaten  track,  not  following  prece- 
dents; out  of  the  common;  out  of  the  common  run;  out  of  the  pale 


of;  out  of  the  way;  out  of  tune;  sui  generis  [L.^,  of  its  own  kind; 
tombe"  des  nues  [F.j,  fallen  from  the  clouds,  occurring  when  least 
expected;  unheard  of. 


Unconventionality — Adverbs,  etc. 


Unconformably,  etc.     Not  in  conformity,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 


Barring;   beside;  but;  except;  however;  let  alone;  save;  save  and 
except;  unless;  without;  yet. 


Unconventionality — Interjections. 
What  in  the  world  1  what  on  earth  I     Expressions  to  denote  surprise. 

Unconventionality — Phrases. 
Never  was  heard  the  like;  never  was  known  the  like;  never  was  seen  the  like. 


con-ven'-tu-al.  Belonging  to  a  convent.  Fane,  Min- 
istry-Laity. 

con-verge'.  To  run  together.  Center,  Concentra- 
tion-Radiation, Remoteness-Nearness. 

con-ver'-gence.  The  act  or  state  of  coming  toward  one 
point.  Concentration-Radiation,  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Remoteness-Nearness. 

con-ver'-gent.  Tending  towards  one  point.  Concen- 
tration-Radiation. 


Convergent.      Concentration-Radia- 
Conversation-Monologue, 


con-ver -ging. 

TION. 

con-vers'-a-ble.    Affable. 
Sociability-Privacy. 
con-ver'-sant.       Knowing    fully. 

RANCE,  SkILL-UnSKILFULNESS. 

con"-ver-sa'-tion.  The  speaking  of  two  or  more  per- 
sons alternately  with  each  other.  Conversation- 
Monologue. 


Knowledge-Igno- 


CONVERSATION— MONOLOGUE. 


Audience.     A  formal  hearing. 
Babble.     Prattle;  gossip. 
Babblement.     Babble. 
Cackle.     Idle  or  silly  talk. 
Cancan  [F.].     Gossip;  tittle-tattle. 
Causerie  [F.].     Talk;  chat. 
Chat.     Easy  and  familiar  speech. 
Chit-chat.     Careless  familiar  talk. 
Collocution.      Mutual  discourse. 
Colloquy.     Conversation;  dialogue. 
Commerce.      Intercourse. 
Confabulation.      Familiar  conversation. 
Conference.     A  formal  consultation. 
Congress.     An  assembly  or  conference.     See  Council. 
Conversation.     The  speaking  of  two  or  more  persons  alternately, 
with  each  other.     Associal  inn.    Bible. 


Apostrophe.     A  digressive  address  aside  from  the  main  purpose  of  a 

speaker  or  writer,  as  to  an  absent  person. 
Monologue.     That  which  is  spoken  by  one  person  alone;  a  dramatic 

soliloquy. 
Soliloquy.     A  talking  to  oneself,  regardless  of  the  presence  or  absence 

of  others;  monologue. 

Monologue — Verbs. 

Apostrophize.     Deliveran  apostrophe;  address  by  apostrophe. 

Say  aside.     Say  so  as  not  to  be  heard  by  others. 

Say  to  oneself.     Talk  alone. 

Soliloquize.     Utter  a  soliloquy;  talk  to  oneself. 

Talk  to  oneself.     Talk  alone. 

Think  aloud.     Talk  to  oneself. 


CONVERSATION. 


218 


CONVERSION— REVERSION. 


CONVERSATION— MONOLOGUE—  Ccntinued. 


Conversazione  [It.].     A  conversation. 
Converse.     Conversation. 

Debate.     Discussing  of  any  question;  argumentation. 
Dialogue.     Formal  conversation  between  two  or  more  persons. 
Discourse.     Connected  communication  of  thought;  conversation. 
Duologue.     A  literary  composition  for  two  speakers. 
"  Feast  of  reason  and  the  flow  of  soul."      [Pope,  Satires,  1,  ii,  137.] 
Gossip.     Familiar  or  idle  talk;  tattle. 
Idle  talk.     Useless  or  vain  talk. 
Interlocution.     Interchange  of  speech;  conference. 
Interview.     An  official  consultation ;  a  formal  conversation. 
Logomachy.     A  strife  about  mere  words. 
'  On  dit  [F.].     They  say;  hence,  a  flying  rumor. 
Oral  communication.     Communication  by  means  of  speech. 
Palaver.     Empty  talk;  especially,  flattering  talk. 
Parley.     An  oral  conference,  as  with  an  enemy  on  a  battlefield. 
Pourparler  [F.].     A  parley. 

Prittle-prattle.     Empty  talk;  prattle; — used  in  cont«mpt  or  ridicule. 
Small  talk.      Light  or  trifling  conversation. 
Table  talk.     Conversation  at  table  or  meals. 
Talk.     The  act  of  talking  or  that  which  is  said. 
Talk  of  the  town. 
Talk  of  the  village. 

Tattle.     Blabbing  talk  or  gossip;  idle  talk. 
Tea-table  talk.    Conversation  at  the  tea-table. 
T£te-a-t§te  [F.].     A  private  conversation. 
Tittle-tattle.      Useless,  trivial  talk;  gossip. 
Town  talk.     The  common  talk  of  a  place. 
Trialogue.     A  discourse  or  colloquy  by  three  persons. 
Trtpotage  [F.].     Medley;  miscellany. 
Verbal  intercourse.     Conversation. 
Village  talk.     Common  talk  of  the  village. 
War  of  words.     Strife  carried  on  with  words. 

Conversation — Associated  Words. 
Durbar  [Anglo-Ind.].     An  official  reception  given  by  a  native  ruler 

or  officer  of  rank  in  British  India. 
Hall  of  audience.     A  place  for  formal  consultation. 
Mollia  tempora   fandi  [L.].     Times  or  opportunities  favorable  for 

speaking. 
Reception.     A  formal  meeting  for  consultation  or  conference. 

Conversation — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Chatterer,  etc.     One  who  chatters,  etc.     See  Talkativeness. 

Conversationist.     One  who  converses  much  or  excels  in  conversation. 

Dialogist.     A  speaker  in  a  dialogue;  a  maker  of  dialogues. 

Gossip.     One  who  gossips  or  tells  idle  or  mischievous  tales. 

Interlocutor,  etc.  One  who  takes  part  in  a  conversation  or  oral  dis- 
cussion, etc.     See  Speech. 

Paul  Pry.  The  principal  character,  an  impudent  and  meddlesome 
fellow,  in  a  comedy  of  the  same  name  by  John  Poole. 

Tabby.     A  gossiping  old  maid;  a  tabby  cat. 

Tattler.     One  who  tattles  or  tells  in  idle  talk. 

Conversation — Verbs. 

Bandy  words.     Give  and  receive  words;  reciprocate  words. 
Be  closeted  with.     Be  taken  into  a  closet  for  a  secret  interview. 


Monologue — Adjectives. 

Soliloquizing, etc.     Talking  to  oneself ;  speaking  a  soliloquy  etc.     St* 
Verbs. 

Monologue — Adverb. 
Aside.     So  as  not  to  be  overheard. 


CONVERSATION— Verbs— Continued, 

Carry  on  a  conversation.     Converse. 

Chat.     Converse  in  an  easy  or  gossipy  "manner. 

Commerce  with.     Hold  intercourse  with. 

Commune  with.     Converse  together  with  sympathy  and  confidence. 

Confabulate.     Talk  familiarly  together;  chat. 

Confer  with.     Have  discourse  with ;  consult. 

Converse.     Speak  together  informally  and  alternately. 

Discourse  with.     Confer  with ;  give  an  address. 

Engage  in  a  conversation.     Converse. 

Gossip.     Tell  idle  or  mischievous  tales. 

Hold  a  conversation.  "J 

Hold  conference.  ~  .        ,  , 

Hold  converse.  f  ExPressions  for  converse,  confer. 

Hold  intercourse.       J 

Join  in  a  conversation.     Converse. 

Palaver.     Use  flattering  speech  to;  talk  idly  and  overmuch. 

Parley.     Hold  a  conference;  prolong  talk;  take  up  the  parable. 

Prate,  etc.  Talk  about  vainly  or  foolishly,  etc.  See  Talkative- 
ness. 

Put  in  a  word.     Speak,  with  difficulty,  while  others  are  discoursing. 

Shine  in  conversation.  Exhibit  brilliant  intellectual  powers  in  con- 
versation. 

Talk  it  over.     Talk  about  it;  confer  respecting  it. 

Talk  together.     Converse;  confer. 

Talk  with  one  in  private.     Converse  privately. 

Talk  with  one  tete-a-tete.  Talk  with  one  head  to  head  or  con- 
fidentially. 

Tattle.     Tell  in  idle  talk;  tell  tales. 

Conversation — Adjectives. 

Chatty,  etc.     Loquacious ;  gossipy,  etc.     See  Sociability. 

Colloquial.     Conversational . 

Conversable.     Qualified  for  conversation;  free  in  discourse. 

Conversational.     Pertaining  to  conversation. 

Conversing,  etc .  Holding  conversation ;  interchanging  thoughts  and 
opinions  in  a  free  informal  manner,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Discoursive.  Inclined  to  converse ;  containing  dialogue  or  conversa" 
tion. 

Discursive.  Passing  from  one  subject  to  another;  wandering  away 
from  the  point. 

Interlocutory.  Consisting  of  or  pertaining  to  dialogue:  conversa- 
tional. 


con"-ver-sa'-tion-al.  Pertaining  to  conversation.  Con- 
versation-Monologue, Sociability-Privacy. 

con"-ver-sa'-tion-ist.  Talker.  Conversation-Mono- 
logue. 

conversazione  [It.]  (con-ver-sat-si-o'-ne).  A  meeting 
for  conversation.  Conversation-Monologue,  Gath- 
ering-Scattering, Sociability-Privacy. 


con-verse'.  To  speak  together  alternately.  Conver- 
sation-Monologue, Sameness-Contrast. 

con-vers'-ing.     Talking.     Conversation-Monologue. 

con-ver'-sion.  The  act  of  converting.  Conversion- 
Reversion,  Mutation-Permanence;  trover  and 
conversion,  Law-Lawlessness. 


CONVERSION— REVERSION. 


Assimilation.     The  act  of  taking  up  and  transforming  into  the  same 

nature. 
Assumption.     The  act  of  taking  to  oneself. 
Conversion.     A  relative  change  from  one  use,  condition,  etc.,  to 

another. 
Naturalization.     The  act  of  becoming  a  citizen  of  a  nation. 
Reduction.     The  process  of  taking  out  impurities. 
Resolution .     Analysis . 
Transmutation.     Change  in  the  substance  of  a  thing. 

Conversion — Nouns  of  Agent  and  Means. 

Alchemy.     The  immature  chemistry  of  the  middle  ages. 
Alembic.     An  apparatus  used  in  distilling. 


Alternation,  etc.    Change  proceeding  by  turns,  etc.     See  Periodicity. 

Inversion,  etc.  The  placing  or  occurrence  in  the  opposite  order,  etc. 
See  Crossing. 

Recoil,  etc.     Whirl  backward,  etc.     See  Impetus-Reaction. 

Regression,  etc.  The  act  of  passing  back,  etc.  See  Advance- 
Retrogression. 

Relapse,  etc.  To  return  from  a  better  to  a  worse  condition,  etc.  See 
Renovation-Relapse. 

Restoration,  etc.  The  act  of  placing  in  or  renewing  the  former  con- 
dition, etc.     See  Renovation. 

Return.     A  coming  back. 

Reversion.     A  conscious  returning  to  a  former  state. 

Revulsion.     A  violent  separation ;  a  change  of  feeling. 


CONVERSION. 


219 


CONVEXITY— CONCAVITY. 


CONVERSION— REVERSION— Continued. 


CONVERSION — Nouns  of  Agent  and  Means — Continued. 

Apostate.     One  who  forsakes  a  faith  and  principles  that  he  formerly 
professed,  especially  the  Christian  faith. 

Caldron.     A  large  kettle  or  boiler. 

Chemistry.     That  branch  of  science  that  treats  of  matter  as  com- 
posed of  atoms  and  the  relation  of  one  kind  of  matter  to  another. 

Conjugation.     Union  or  fusion  of  two  or  more  cells  for  reproduction. 

Convert.     A  person  turned  over  to  a  new  faith. 

Crucible.     A  metal  vessel  in  which  metals  are  melted. 

Flux.     The  process  of  melting. 

Growth.     Gradual  increase  of  a  living  thing  by  natural  process- 
Lapse.     A  gradual  passing  away. 

Passage.     Transition  from  one  state  or  condition  to  another. 

Pervert.     One  who  forsakes  a  true  doctrine  for  a  false. 

Phase.     A  stage  of  development. 

Progress.     Advancement  in  growth  or  development. 

Renegade.     One  who  denies  or  deserts  his  faith. 

Shifting.     Change  from  one  form  or  development  to  another.     See 
Verbs. 

Transit.     Act  of  passing  through  or  over. 

Transition.     Change  from  one  form  to  another. 

Transmigration.      The  theory  that  souls  pass  from  one  body  to 
another. 

Conversion — Verbs. 

Become.     Change  into. 

Form,  etc.     To  produce  or  make  from  different  materials,  etc.    See 

Form. 
Get.     To  become. 

Grow.     To  increase  in  a  certain  respect  gradually. 
Illapse.     To  pass. 
Lapse.     To  pass  or  change  slowly. 
Make.     To  cause  to  be,  to  form. 
Mature.     To  become  ripe. 
Mellow.     To  make  soft. 

Melt.     To  change  from  a  solid  to  a  liquid  state. 
Mold.     To  give  shape  to. 
Reform.     To  change  for  the  better. 
Refound.     To  cast  over. 
Remodel.     To  change  the  structure  of. 
Render.     To  make  clear  by  melting. 
Reorganize.     To  make  a  new  organization. 
Shift.     To  move  from  one  to  another. 
Wax.     To  grow. 

Conversion — Verbal  Expressions. 
Assimilate  to;  assume  a  new  phase;  assume  the  character  of;  assume 

the  form  of;  assume  the  nature  of;  assume  the  shape  of;  assume  the 

state  of;  be  converted  into;  bring  to;  come  around  to;  come  into; 

come  to;  convert  into;  fall  into;  glide  into;  grow  into;  merge  into; 

new  model;  open  into;  pass  into;  reduce  to;  resolve  into;  resolve 

itself  into;  ripen  into;  run  into;  settle  into;  slide  into;  turn  into; 

turn  out;  turn  *.o;  undergo  a  change. 


Reversion — Denotations, 

Calm  before  a  storm.     Quiet  preparation  for  a  violent  change. 
Status  quo  ante  bellum  [L.].     The  condition  before  the  war. 
Turn  of  the  tide.     A  changing. 
Turning  point.     Point  of  time  or  place  where  a  change  takes  place. 

Rev  e  rs  i  on — Verbs. 

Recoil,  etc  To  whirl  forcibly  backward,  etc  See  Impetus-Re- 
action. 

Relapse,  etc.  To  fall  back  from  a  better  to  a  worse  condition,  etc 
See  Renovation-Relapse. 

Restore,  etc.  To  put  into  a  former  condition,  etc.  See  Renova- 
tion. 

Retreat,  etc.  To  make  a  reversion,  etc.  See  Advance-Retro- 
gression. 

Revert.     To  return  consciously  to  a  former  state. 

Unmake.)  To  destroy  the effect of' 

Reversion— Verbal  Expressions. 

Turn  the  scale;  turn  the  tide,  to  decide. 

Reversion — Adjectives 

Reactionary.     Tending  to  act  in  an  opposite  direction. 
Retrorse.     Turned  backwards. 
Reverting,  etc.    Turning  back,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Revulsive.     Tending  to  cause  a  sudden  change. 

Reversion — Phrase. 
A  rebours  [F.J.    Quite  contrary. 


CONVERSION— Continued. 

Conversion — .4  djectives. 

Converted  Into,  etc.  See  Verbs. 

Convertible.     Easily  converted. 

Naturalized.     Admitted  to  citizenship  in  a  nation. 

Resolvable  into.     Able  to  be  analyzed  into. 

Transitional.     Involving  transition. 

Conversion — Adverbs. 

Gradually,  etc.    Slowly,  etc.     See  Swiftness-Slowness. 
In  transitu  [L.],  etc.     In  the  change,  in  passing,  etc.      See  Trans- 
fer. 


con-vert'.  To  transform;  to  turn  from  a  sinful  course 
to  a  life  of  piety.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Conversion- 
Reversion,  Faith-Misgiving,  Godliness-Ungodli- 
ness ;  convert  to  use,  Interpretation-Misinterpre- 
tation. 

con-vert"-i-bU'-i-ty.  Ability  to  be  changed.  Conver- 
sion-Reversion, Sameness-Contrast. 


con-vert'-i-ble.  Capable  of  conversion;  interchange- 
able. Conversion-Reversion,  Equality-Inequal- 
ity, Sameness-Contrast;  convertible  terms,  Inter- 
pretation-Misinterpretation, Name-Misnomer. 

con'-vex".    Bulging  out.    Convexity-Concavity. 

con-vex -i-ty.    Sphericity.    Convexity-Concavity, 


CONVEXITY— CONCAVITY. 


Bulge.     The  swelled  or  most  convex  part. 
Convexity.     Roundness. 

Embreastment.     Swelling  in  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
Gibbosity.     Irregular  roundness. 
Projection.     That  which  sticks  out. 

Prominence,     That  which  stands  out  from  the  surrounding  surface. 
Protuberance.     That  which  rises  by  a  gradual  ascent  from  the  sur- 
rounding surface. 
Protrusion.     The  act  of  thrusting  beyond  the  usual  limits. 
Swelling.     Enlargement. 

Convexity — Denotations. 
Alto-rilievo  [It.].     Sculptured  or  carved  work  in  which  the  figures 

stand  out  very  strongly  from  the  background. 
Apophysis.     An  outgrowth  on  the  body. 
Arch.     A  bow-like  structure  or  object. 
Back.     That  part  of  the  body  from  the  neck  to  the  buttocks. 


Cavity.     Hole. 

Concavity.     Slight  superficial  cavity. 

Dent.     Depression  caused  by  a  blow 

Depression.     Place  lower  than  the  surrounding  surface. 

Dint.     Dent. 

Dip.     Inclination. 

Excavation.     Hollow  formed  in  a  solid  by  living  or  mechanical  agency 

Hollow.     Interior  of  a  hollow  body. 

Hollowness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  hollow. 

Indentation.     A  notch. 

Pit.     Cavity. 

Sinus.     A  cavity  formed  by  folding. 

Trough,  etc.     A  long,  narrow  depression,  etc.     See  Groovb. 

Concavity — Denotations. 

Alcove.     A  covered  recess  connecting  with  a  larger  room. 
Alveolus.     A  small  cavity  like  an  air-cell,  or  honeycomb  cell. 


CONVEXITY. 


220 


CONCAVITY. 


CONVEXITY— CONCAVITY— Continued. 


CONVEXITY— Denotations— Continued. 

Balcony.     A  railed  platform  projecting  from  a  wall. 

Bas-relief.     Carving  in  which  the  figures  project  but  slightly. 

Basso-rilievo  [It.].     Bas-relief. 

Beak.     The  projecting  mouth-parts  of  various  animals. 

Belly.     That  part  of  the  trunk  not  enclosed  by  the  ribs. 

Bilge.     The  bottom  of  a  ship. 

Blain.     A  tumor  or  blister. 

Blister.     A  swelling  on  the  cuticle  containing  a  watery  matter. 

Boil.     A  highly  inflammatory  tumor.     See  Health-Sickness. 

Boss.     Any  circular  prominence. 

Bow.     Anything  bent  or  curved. 

Breast.     The  front  of  the  chest  in  man. 

Bulb.  A  leaf -bud  developed  underground;  any  enlargement  resem- 
bling a  plant-bulb. 

Bump.     A  swelling  caused  by  a  blow. 

Bunch.  A  group  or  cluster  of  objects  either  growing  or  fastened 
together. 

Button.  A  knob  of  metal,  bone,  or  other  material  for  holding  parts 
of  garments  together. 

Cameo.     Carving  or  engraving  in  relief. 

Cape.     A  point  of  land  projecting  into  the  water. 

Carbuncle.     An  inflammatory  tumor. 

Clump.     A  compact  group  or  cluster. 

Condyle.     The  enlarged  end  of  a  bone. 

Corn.     A  horny  swelling  on  the  cuticle. 

Corporation.     The  human  body,  especially  when  large  or  unwieldy. 

Cupola.     A  dome. 

Dome.     A  hemispherical  roof. 

Dorsum  [L.J.     The  back. 

Dug.     A  teat  of  a  suckling  animal. 

Eaves.     Projecting  edge  of  a  roof. 

Elbow.     The  region  at  the  junction  of  the  upper  arm  and  forearm. 

Embossment.     The  process  of  producing  designs  in  relief. 

Excrescence.     A  disfiguring  outgrowth. 

Exostosis.     A  bony  outgrowth  or  tumor. 

Flange.     A  projecting  edge  or  rim. 

Foreland.     A  projecting  point  of  land. 

Fungosity.     State  of  being  a  sponge-like  growth. 

Fungus.     A  soft  spongy  growth  or  abnormal  excrescence. 

Furuncle.     Aboil. 

Growth.     Anything  growing  or  produced. 

Headland.     A  point  of  land  extending  into  the  water 

High-relief.  Carving  or  sculpture  standing  prominently  from  the 
background. 

Hill.     An  elevation  of  land. 

Hummock.     A  slight  elevation  of  land ;  a  pile  of  ice. 

Hump.     A  protuberance ,  especially  of  a  curved  spine. 

Hunch.     A  hump. 

Intumescence.     A  swelling  on  the  body. 

Jetty.     A  structure  extending  into  the  water. 

Jutty.     See  Jetty. 

Knob.     A  rounded  mountain. 

Ledge.     A  rocky  projection  into  the  water. 

Lip.     One  of  the  two  muscular  organs  that  bound  the  mouth. 

Low  relief.  Carving  in  which  the  figures  project  but  slightly  from 
the  background. 

Mamelon.      A  low  rounded  hill.     See  Height. 

Mammilla.      A  nipple  or  teat. 

Mezzo-rilievo  [It.].      Work  in  half  relief. 

Mole.     A  slight  dark  swelling  on  the  skin. 

Mull.     A  cape. 

Neb.     The  beak  of  a  bird. 

Nipple.     A  cone-shaped  growth  on  the  breast. 

Node.     A  knot-like  protuberance. 

Nodosity.     A  knot. 

Nodule.     A  little  knot. 

Nose.  That  part  of  an  animal  containing  the  nostrils  and  organ  of 
smell. 

Nozzle.     A  projecting  spout  or  pipe. 

Pap.     The  breast  of  a  woman. 

Papilla.     Any  small  nipple-like  growth. 

Papula  [L.J,     A  pimple. 

Peg.     A  wooden  pin  for  fastening  articles  together. 

Pilaster.     A  columnar  projection. 

Pimple.     A  small  swelling  of  the  skin. 

Pock.     A  swelling  in  an  eruptive  disease. 

Point  of  land.      A  cape. 

Polypus.      A  tumor  on  the  mucous  membrane. 

Proboscis.      A  prolonged  flexible  snout 

Process.      A  growth  or  swelling. 


CONCAVITY— Denotations— Continued. 

Arch.     Any  bow-like  curve,  structure,  or  object.     See  Curvation. 
Basin.     A  cavity  like  that  of  a  basin. 

Bay.     The  water  between  two  projecting  capes.     See  Gulp. 
Bottom.     The  ground  beneath  a  body  of  water. 

Cave      1 

«       "      c  An  underground  cavity,  recess,  or  chamber. 

Cell.    A  small  chamber,  or  enclosed  cavity.   See  Contents-Receive* 

Combe.     A  bowl-shaped  valley. 

Cove.     A  small  bay,  or  bay-like  recess. 

Crater.     A  cup-shaped  depression  on  the  top  of  a  volcano. 

Cul-de-sac  [F.].     A  passage  closed  at  one  end. 

Cup.     A  small  drinking  vessel. 

Dale.     A  small  valley. 

Dell.     A  dale. 

Dimple.     A  slight  depression  on  the  surface  of  the  human  body. 

Dingle.     A  shady  glen  or  hollow. 

Follicle.     A  minute  cavity  or  sac. 

Glade.     An  open  space  in  a  wood. 

Glen.     A  secluded  hollow  among  the  hills. 

C  otto  i  "^  sma^  cavern.  or  cavern-like  retreat. 

Grove.     A  small  wood  cleared  of  underbrush. 

Gully.     A  channel  cut  by  running  water.     See  Interspace. 

Honeycomb.     Anything  full  of  holes  or  cells. 

Intaglio.     Incised  carving. 

Lacuna.     A  small  pit,  hollow,  or  depression. 

Punch-bowl.     A  large  bowl  in  which  punch  is  mixed. 

Slade.     A  glade. 

Socket.     A  hollow  or  depression  into  which  something  fit*. 

Strath.     A  wide,  open  valley. 

Vale.     A  valley. 

Valley.     A  depression  of  the  earth's  surface. 

Concavity — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Excavator.     One  who  or  that  which  excavates. 
Miner.     One  whose  occupation  is  to  excavate  ore. 
Sapper.     A  soldier  employed  in  making  trenches. 

Concavity — Verbs. 
Burrow.     To  dig  in  the  ground  like  an  animal. 
Delve.     To  dig. 

Dent.     To  make  a  mark  in  by  a  blow. 
Depress.     To  press  below  the  surrounding  surface. 
Dig.     To  hollow  out  with  a  pick,  etc. 
Dint.     Dent. 

Excavate.     To  make  a  hole  in  something. 
Gouge.     To  cut  out  with  a  gouge. 
Hollow.     To  make  a  hole  in. 
Mine.     To  dig  out  ores. 
Retire.     To  draw  inward. 
Sap.     To  weaken  the  support  of. 
Scoop.     To  hollow  out  with  a  scoop. 
Tunnel.     To  cut  through. 
Undermine.     To  make  an  excavation  under. 

Concavity — Verbal  Expressions. 
Be  concave,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  cave  in;   render  eoncave.ctc.  (set 
Adjectives);  scoop  out. 

Concavity — Adjectives. 

Alveolar.     Marked  by  alveoli. 

Arched.     Having  an  arch  or  arches. 

Bell-shaped.     Shaped  like  a  bell. 

Campaniform.     Bell-shaped. 

Capsular.     Like  a  capsule. 

Cavernous.     Containing  caverns. 

Cellular.     Containing  cells. 

Concave.     Curved  in. 

Depressed.     Lower  than  the  surrounding  surface. 

Funnel-shaped.      Shaped  like  a  funnel. 

Hollow.     Having  a  vacant  place  in  the  interior. 

Honeycombed.     Having  cells  like  a  honeycomb. 

Infundibular.       1D  .    , , 

t  *     j-i.   i-*  f  Funnel-shaped. 

Inf  undibuliform.  J 

Porous,  etc.     Containing  pores,  etc.     See  Aperturb, 
letting}  Bend!ng  towards  the  KaT' 

ST)*— • 

Stove  in.     Dented. 
Vaulted.     Concaved  b«low. 


CONVEXITY. 


221 


CONVEYANCE— VESSEL. 


CONVEXITY—  Denotations—  Continued. 


Promontory.     A  high  cape . 

Proud  flesh.     A  growth  resembling  flesh  in  a  wound. 

Pustule.     A  slight  swelling  of  the  outer  skin. 

Relief.     Carving  or  engraving  projecting  from  a  background 

Rib.     One  of  the  bony  rods  which  encircle  the  body-cavity. 

Ridge.     A  lengthened  elevation  of  land. 

Rilievo  [It.].     Relief. 

Sarcoma.     A  tumor  or  group  of  tumors. 

Shoulder.     Part  of  the  body  between  the  neck  and  the  free  portion  of 

the  arm. 
Snag.     A  jagged  or  stumpy  knot. 
Snout.     The  projecting  part  of  a  beast's  head. 
Spur.     A  projecting  crag  or  ridge. 
Stud.     A  knob;  an  ornamental  button. 


Sugar-loaf.     Any  conical  growth  or  mass.     See  Sharpness. 

Teat.     A  nipple. 

Tongue.     The  organ  situated  in  the  mouth;  anything  resembling 

the  tongue  in  shape. 
Tooth.  One  of  the  hard  structures  projecting  from  the  jaws  of  animals. 
Trunnion.     A  cylindrical  projection  from  the  side  of  a  cannon. 
Tubercle.     A  small  growth  of  bone  or  morbid  granules. 
Tuberosity.     Any  swelling  or  protuberance. 
Tumor.     A  swelling  from  some  morbid  growth. 
Wale.     A  ridge  made  on  the  flesh  by  flogging. 
Wart.     A  small  outgrowth  from  the  true  skin. 
Weal.     See  Wale. 
Wen.     A  tumor  on  the  scalp. 
Withers.     The  highest  part  of  the  back  of  a  horse. 


Convexity — Verbs. 


Beetle.     To  jut  out. 

Bunch.     To  gather  in  groups. 
Chase.     To  ornament  by  indenting. 


Emboss.     To  ornament  by  raised-work. 

Pout.     To  stick  out  the  lips  in  anger. 

Project.     To  stick  out. 

Protrude.     To  rise  gradually  above  the  surrounding  surface. 

Raise,  etc.     Emboss,  etc.     See  Elevation. 


Convexity — Verbal  Expressions. 


Bend  over;  be  prominent   (see  Adjectives);  bristle  up;  cock  up;  hangover;   jut  out;   poke  out;  render  prominent,  etc.  (see  Adjectives); 
shoot  up;  stand  out;  start  up;  stick  out;  swell  over. 

Convexity — Adjectives. 


Arched.     Shaped  like,  or  provided  with  an  arch. 

Bellied.     Having  the  shape  of  a  belly. 

Bloated,  etc.     Swollen  from  water  or  gas,  etc.     See  Enlargement. 

Bold.     Projecting  out  prominently. 

Bossed.     Ornamented  or  strengthened  with  knobs  or  studs. 

Bossy.     Of  a  bossed  nature. 

Bowed.     Bulged  out. 

Bulbous.     Swelling  like  a  bud. 

Bunchy.     Gathered  in  bunches. 

P,  v  .   \  f  Club-  or  nail-like  in  appearance. 

Convex.     Curved. 

Cornute .     Horn-shaped . 

Gibbous.     Irregularly  round. 

Hemispheric.     Like  a  hemisphere.  • 

Hummocky.     Rising  up  like  a  little  hill. 

In  relief.     Raised  or  projecting. 


Marked  by  papulae. 


Lenticular.     Like  a  lens. 

Lentiform.     Shaped  like  a  double  convex  lens. 

Maniform.     Shaped  like  a  hand. 

Moutonni  [F.].     Fleecy. 

Modular.     Shaped  like  nodules 

Odontoid.     Tooth-like. 

Papulose. 

Papulous. 

Projecting,  etc.     Sticking  out,  etc.     See  Verbs . 

Prominent.     Easily  noticeable. 

Protuberant.     Rising  up  gradually. 

Salient.     Standing  out. 

Repousse"  [F.].     Recoiling. 

Raised.     Higher  than  the  surrounding  surface. 

Tuberculous.     Having  tubercles. 

Tuberous.     Bearing  tubers. 

Tumorous.     Like  a  tumor. 


con-vey'.  To  transmit;  to  communicate;  to  steal. 
Alienation,  Meaning-Jargon,  Transfer;  convey 
away,  Theft;  convey  the  knowledge  of,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy. 


con-vey'-ance.  The  act  of  conveying;  that  by  which 
anything  is  conveyed.  Alienation,  Conveyance- 
Vessel.  Transfer. 


CONVEYANCE— VESSEL. 


Carriage.     A  wheeled  vehicle. 

V  h'  le  )  Tnat  by  which  anything  is  carried. 

Conveyance — Denotations. 
Ambulance.     A  wagon  for  conveying  wounded  from  a  battle-field. 
Araba.     An  ox-cart  used  in  India  and  Turkey. 
Automobile.     A    carriage    moved   by  steam  or  some  other  force 

which  it  carries. 
Barouche.     A  four-wheeled,  low  carriage  with  folding  top. 
Barrow.     A  support  having  handles,  and  with  or  without  a  wheel, 

on  which  things  can  be  transported  by  hand. 
Bath-chair.     A  chair  on  wheels,  used  by  invalids  at  Bath,  England. 
Berlin.     A  four-wheeled  carriage,  having  a  sheltered  seat  behind 

the  body. 
Bicycle.     A  two-wheeled  vehicle  propelled  by  the  feet. 
Brancard.     A  litter  on  which  a  person  may  be  carried. 
Break.     A  large  four-wheeled  carriage,  with  a  driver's  seat  in  front, 

and  footman's  behind. 
Britzska.     A  long  carriage,  so  made  as  to  be  changed  into  a  kind  of 

couch  on  wheels. 
Brougham.     A  light,  close  carriage  with  seats  for  two  or  four. 
Buggy.     A  light,  four-wheeled  vehicle,  with  or  without  a  top. 
Cab.     A  close  carriage,  usually  a  public  vehicle. 
Cabriolet.      A  one-horse    carriage  with  two  seats   and  calash  top; 

named  from  its  springy  motion  like  that  of  a  goat,  L.  Capra. 
Calash.     A  light  carriage  with  low  wheels,  having  a  top  or  hood  that 

can  be  raised  or  lowered,  and  a  movable  front. 
Catecfit  [P.].     A  low  carriage  with  folding  top. 
Car.     A  small  vehicle  moved  on  wheels;    a  vehicle  adapted  to  the 

rails  of  a  railroad. 


Craft.     Vessel  of  any  kind. 

Ship.     Large  sea-going  vessel. 

Vessel.     Large  craft  designed  to  float  on  water. 

Vessel — Denotations. 

Aerostat.     A  balloon. 

Air-balloon.     A  balloon  for  aerial  navigation. 

Argosy.     A  ship  of  Venice,  Italy. 

Balloon.     A  bag  of  silk  or  other  light  material,  filled  with  a  gas, 

as  to  float  in  the  air. 
Barcon.     A  Mediterranean  freight  vessel. 

Baroue  J  ^  small  sailing  vessel  or  boat  of  any  kind. 

Barkentine.     A  three-masted  sailing  vessel. 

Bateau.     A  flat-bottomed  boat. 

Bilander.     A  two-masted  vessel  of  Holland. 

Boat.     A  small  open  vessel  moved  by  oars,  paddles,  or  sails. 

Brig.     A  two-masted,  square-rigged  vessel. 

Brigantine.     A  brig  that  does  not  carry  a  square  mainsail. 

Bucenteur.     Once  the  state  barge  of  Venice. 

Bumboat.     A  clumsy  boat. 

Buss.     A  vessel  used  in  the  herring  fishery. 

Caique.     A  sailing  vessel  of  the  Levant. 

Canoe.     A  boat  made  of  bark  or  skins. 

Carack.     A  Spanish  merchantman  carrying  cannon. 

P        .  '  f  The  sailing  vessels  of  the  fifteenth  century. 

Cascoe.     A  freight  boat  used  in  the  Philippines. 
Catamaran.     A  raft  used  in  the  East  and  West  Indies. 
Chasse  marie  [F.L     A  coasting  vessel 


CONVEYANCE. 


222 


CONVEYANCE— VESSEL. 


CONV  E  VANCE— VESSEL— Continued. 


CONVEYANCE— Denotations— Continued. 

Caravan.     A  large  covered  wagon,  or  train  of  such  wagons. 

Cariole.     A  small,  light,  open,  one-horse  carriage 

Cart.     A  two-wheeled  vehicle  for  hauling  earth,  stone,  etc. 

Cattle-truck.     A  car  for  transporting  cattle. 

Chair.     A  movable  seat  with  a  back. 

Chaise.     A  two-wheeled  carriage  for  two  persons. 

Char-a-banc  [F.].     A  long  carriage. 

Chariot.     A  two-wheeled  car  or  vehicle  for  war,  racing,  etc. 

Clarence.     A  close  carriage  with  glass  front. 

Coach.  A  large,  close,  four-wheeled  carriage  having  doors  in  the 
sides. 

Crate.  A  box  or  case  whose  sides  are  of  wooden  slats  with  inter- 
spaces. 

Curricle.     A  two-wheeled  chaise  drawn  by  two  horses  abreast. 

DHobligeant  [F.).     A  coach  for  two. 

Diligence.     A  four-wheeled  public  stage-coach  used  in  France. 

Dog-cart.     A  light  one-horse  carriage. 

Dormeuse.     Heavy  carriage. 

Drag.     A  heavy  coach  with  seats  on  top. 

Dray.     A  strong  low  cart  for  heavy  loads. 

Droshki.  J  . 


low  four-wheeled  open  carriage  used  in  Russia. 


Drosky. 

Equipage.  A  carriage  of  state  or  pleasure  with  all  that  accom- 
panies it. 

Express  train.     A  train  despatched  with  special  speed. 

Fiacre.     A  French  hackney  coach. 

First  class  carriage.     The  best  railroad  car. 

First  class  compartment.     The  best  section  of  a  railroad  car. 

First  class  train.     A  passenger  train  of  the  highest  regular  class. 

Fly.     A  light  carriage. 

Four-in-hand.     A  vehicle  drawn  by  four  horses. 

Four-wheeler.     A  vehicle  having  four  wheels. 

Glass-coach.     A  coach  having  glass  windows. 

Go-cart.  A  framework  moving  on  casters  to  support  children 
learning  to  walk. 

Goods-train.     A  train  which  carries  freight. 

Growler.     A  four-wheeled  cab. 

Hackney-coach.     A  carriage  kept  for  hire. 

Hand-barrow.     A  frame  or  barrow  without  a  wheel. 

Hansom.  A  light,  two-wheeled  covered  carriage  with  the  driver's 
seat  behind. 

Hearse.     A  carriage  for  carrying  the  dead. 

Hobby-horse.  A  frame  in  the  form  of  a  horse,  on  which  a  child 
makes  believe  to  ride. 

Hod.  A  wooden  box  with  a  long  handle  for  carrying  mortar,  bricks,  etc. 

Hoe.     A  tool  for  loosening  and  gathering  the  earth. 

Horse-box.     A  railroad  car  for  transporting  horses. 

Hurdle.     A  sled  for  carrying  criminals  to  the  place  of  execution. 

Jaunting-car.  A  low  open  vehicle,  used  in  Ireland,  in  which  the 
passengers  ride  sidewise,  sitting  back  to  back. 

Kibitka.     A  Russian  vehicle  on  wheels  or  on  runners. 

Ladle.     A  cup-like  spoon  with  a  long  handle. 

Limber.     The  fore  part  of  a  gun  carriage. 

Litter.     A  bed  or  stretcher  for  sick  persons. 

Locomobile.     A  carriage  propelled  by  steam  or  electricity. 

Luggage-train.     A  train  that  carries  baggage. 

Mail-coach.     A  car  in  which  mail  is  transported. 

Mail-phaeton      A  light  carriage  for  carrying  the  mail. 

Omnibus.     A  four-wheeled  carriage  having  seats  for  many  people. 

Outside  car.     A  car  having  seats  on  the  top. 

a    n    m   .  i  ^n  enclosed  litter  used  in  China  and  India. 
Palanquin.  ) 
Parliamentary  train.     A  train  which,  by  act  of  Parliament,  railroad 

companies  must  run  for  carrying  third-class  passengers  at  reduced 

rates. 
Passenger-train.     A  train  for  conveying  passengers. 
Perambulator.     A  baby  carriage. 
Phaeton.     A  four-wheeled  carriage  open  in  front. 
Pitch-fork.     A  tool  with  prongs  for  throwing  straw,  etc. 
Post-chaise.     A  carriage  for  conveying  travelers  who  travel  post. 
Pullman  car.     A  passenger  car  fitted  with  nil  possible  comforts. 
Railroad.     Parallel  tracks  of  iron  or  stee*  .or  cars  to  run  upon. 
Random.     A  carriage. 
Road-wagon.      A  small  two*wheeled  gig;    also  a  light   buggy;   a 

chaise ;  a  light  two-wheeled  vehicle. 
Rolling  stock.     The  locomotives  and  cars  of  a  railway. 
Second  class  carriage.     See  First  class  carriage. 
Second  class  compartment.     See  First  class  compartment. 
Second  class  train.     See  First  class  train 
Sedan  chair.     A  chair  or  vehicle  for  carrying  a  single  person. 


VESSEL — Denotations — Continued, 

Clipper.     A  vessel  with  a  sharp  bow,  built  for  fast  sailing. 
Coaster.     A  vessel  engaged  in  the  coasting-trade. 
Coble.     A  flat-floored  fishing-boat. 
Cockboat.     A  small  river  boat. 
Cockleshell.     A  light  boat. 
Cog.     A  small  fishing-boat  moved  by  oars. 
Collier.     A  ship  for  carrying  coal. 
Coracle.     A  boat  of  hide,  anciently  used  in  Europe. 
Corvette.     A  flush-decked  wooden  war-vessel. 
Cutter.     A  fast  sailing  vessel  with  one  mast. 
Dandy.     A  sloop  or  cutter  carrying  a  lugsail. 
Dhow.     An  Arabian  coasting  vessel. 
Diabeah.     A  boat  used  on  the  Nile. 
Dingy.     A  boat  used  in  the  East  Indies. 
Dogger.     A  Dutch  fishing  vessel. 
Eight-oar.         A  rowboat  propelled  by  eight  oars. 
Felucca,     A  Mediterranean  coasting  vessel. 

Ferry-boat.     A  vessel  for  carrying  passengers  across  narrow  stream* 
Fire-balloon.     A  balloon  which  is  filled  with  heated  air. 
Fishing-boat.     A  boat  used  in  the  fishing-trade. 
Foist.     A  light,  swift  galley. 

Float.     A  number  of  timbers  joined  together  forming  a  raft. 
Fore-and-aft  schooner.     A  vessel  having  only  fore-and-aft  sails 
Funny.     A  pleasure  boat  rowed  with  a  pair  of  sculls. 
Galleon.     A  Spanish  or  Mediterranean  three-decker. 
Galley.     A  seagoing  vessel  propelled  wholly  or  partly  by  oars. 
Galley-foist.     A  state  barge. 
GalUass.     A  Mediterranean  armed  galley. 
Galliot.     A  two-masted  Dutch  or  Flemish  merchant  vessel 
Gig.     A  commanding  officer's  boat  on  a  ship. 
Gondola.     A  flat-bottomed  Venetian  boat. 

Hermaphrodite  brig.     A  two-masted  vessel,  having  its  masts  rigged 
differently. 

Ho    k  ri^  two-masted  Dutch  vessel. 

Hoy.     A  single-masted  coasting  vessel. 

Hulk.     An  old  unseaworthy  vessel. 

Ice-boat.     A  framework  with  masts  and  sails  and  runners,  for  sailing 

over  ice. 
Ice-canoe»     A  boat  with  a  broad  flat  keel  fitted  with  runners,  for  use 

in  water  or  on  ice. 
Jolly-boat.     A  small  boat  employed  in  doing  a  ship's  marketing. 
Junk.     A  large  Chinese  vessel 
Kayak.     An  Eskimo  boat. 

Ketch.     A  two-masted  vessel  sometimes  mounting  guns. 
Kite.     A  device  made  of  paper  or  other  light  material,  to  be  flown 

in  the  air. 
Launch,     The  largest  of  a  man-of-war's  boats. 
Life-boat.     A  boat  with  a  double  hull,  with  the  interspace  filled  with 

cork,  by  which  it  is  rendered  very  buoyant. 
Lighter.     A  barge  used  in  loading  and  unloading  ships. 
Long-boat.     A  large  ship's  boat,  often  from  thirty  to  forty  feet  long. 
Lorcha.     A  Chinese  coasting  vessel. 
Lugger.     A  small  two-  or  three-masted  fishing  vessel. 
Man-of-war.     A  warship. 

lvre  c,       .    .  .  '  J  A  trading  vessel  as  distinguished  from  a  warship. 

Montgolfier.     A  hot-air  balloon. 

Outrigger.     A  light  racing  boat. 

Paddle  steamer.     A  boat  propelled  by  paddles 

Packet.     A  mail  boat. 

Pair-oar.     A  boat  having  an  oar  on  each  side. 

Parachute.     A  basket  attached  to  a  balloon  in  which  a  person  may 

be  carried. 
Pilot-balloon.     A  small  balloon  sent  up  before  a  larger  one  to  show 

the  direction  and  velocity  of  the  wind. 
Pilot-boat.      A  boat  in  which  pilots  cruise  off  shore  to  meet  incoming 

vessels. 
Pinnace.     A  six-  or  eight-oared  boat  of  an  English  man-of-war. 

o  acca.  (  ^  three-masted  Mediterranean  vessel. 
Polacre.  J 

Pontoon,     A  vessel  used  in  the  construction  of  floating  bridges 
Praam.     A  flat-bottomed  boat  of  Holland. 

Prahu.l  A  swift  Malaysian  vessel,  sailing  equally  well  In  any  direo 
Proa,    i       tion. 

Punt.     A  small  flat-bottomed  boat. 
Quadrireme.     A  ship  with  four  banks  of  oars. 
Raft.     A  floating  construction  of  logs  or  boards. 
Randan.     A  four-oared  boat  rowed  by  three  persons 
Saick.     A  sailing  vessel  of  the  Levant. 


CONVEYANCE. 


223 


CONVEYER. 


CONVEYANCE— VESSEL— Continued. 


CONVEYANCE— Denotations — Continued. 

Shandredhan.     A  depreciative  name  for  a  vehicle  in  Ireland. 

Shofle.     A  cab. 

Shovel.      A  broad-scooped  implement  for  lifting  and  throwing  earth, 

etc. 
Skate.     A  metallic  runner  with  a  frame  made  to  fit  the  sole  of  a  shoe, 

used  to  move  rapidly  on  ice. 
Sled.     A  vehicle  on  runners  for  conveying  loads  over  the  snow. 
Sledge.      A  vehicle  which  is  made  of  a  plank  slightly  turned  up  at 

one  end. 
Sleeping  car.     A  car  in  which  beds  are  arranged. 
Sleigh.     A  vehicle  on  runners. 

Sociable.     A  carriage  having  two  double  seats  facing  each  other. 
Spade.     An  implement  for  cutting  and  throwing  earth. 
Spatula.      An  implement  shaped  like  a  knife,  used  for  spreading 

paints,  etc. 
Special  train.     A  train  run  on  some  unusual  occasion. 
Spoon.     An  implement  consisting  of  a  small  bowl  with  a  handle,  for 

dishing  food,  etc. 
Spud.     A  sharp  spade  for  digging  up  large-rooted  weeds. 
Stage.     A  large  vehicle  running  from  station  to  station. 
Stage-coach.      A   coach   that   runs  regularly  from   one   station  to 

another 
Stage-wagon.      A.  stage-coach. 
Stretcher.     A  litter  for  carrying  injured  persons. 
Sulky.     A  light  two-wheeled  carnage  for  a  single  person. 
Tandem.     A  team  of  horses  harnessed  one  before  the  other. 
Third  class  carriage.     See  First  class  carriage.  , 
Third  class  compartment.      See  First  class  compartment. 
Third  class  train.     See  First  class  train. 
Tilbury.     A  two-wheeled  carriage  without  top  or  cover. 
Toboggan.      A  sledge  made  of  pliable  boards  turned  up  at  one  or 

both  ends 
Train.     A  connected  line  of  cars. 
Tram.     A  four-wheeled  truck  running  on  rails. 
Trap.     A  wagon. 

Tricycle.     A  three-wheeled  vehicle  propelled  by  the  feet. 
Truck.     A  low,  wheeled  vehicle  for  carrying  goods. 
Tumbrel.     A  rough  cart. 
Turnout.     An  equipage. 
Unicorn.      A  coaching-team  consisting  of  a  pair  of  wheelers  with  a 

single  leader. 
Van.     A  light  wagon  for  carrying  goods. 
Velocipede.     A  vehicle  propelled  by  the  feet. 
Victoria.     A  four-wheeled  carriage  with  a  calash  top. 
Vis-it-vis  [F.].     A  carriage  in  which  persons  sit  face  to  face. 
Waggon.     See  Wagon. 
Waggonette.     A  pleasure  wagon  with  seats  extending  along  the 

sides. 
Wagon.     A  four-wheeled  vehicle  used  for  carrying  goods. 
Wagon-train.     A  line  of  wagons. 
Wain.     A  wagon. 
Wheel-barrow.      A  frame  having  two  handles  and  one  wheel,  and 

rolled  by  a  single  person. 
Wheel-chair.     A  chair  on  wheels. 
Whisky.     A  light  carriage  built  for  rapid  motion. 
Whitechapel.     A  light  two-wheeled  spring  cart  used  by  grocers. 


VESSEL — Denotations — Continued. 


■,}- 


boat  that  is  impelled  by  sails. 


Sailer. 

Sailing  vessel.; 
Sampan.     A  Chinese  house-boat. 

Schooner.     A  fore-and-aft  rigged  vessel  having  three  or  more  sails. 
Scow.     A  boat  with  fiat  bottom  and  square  ends. 
Screw  vessel.     A  ship  driven  by  screw  propellers. 
Shallop.     A  boat  for  two  oarsmen. 
Ship.     A  large  seagoing  vessel. 
Skiff.     A  light  canoe. 
Slaver.     A  ship  used  in  the  slave-trade. 
Sloop.     A  single-masted  vessel. 
Smack.     A  fishing-boat. 
Snow.     A  two-masted  square-rigged  vessel, 
earn         .  j  ^  ^oat  or  vessel  propelled  by  steam. 

Store-ship.     A  ship  for  carrying  supplies  for  a  fleet. 

Tartane.     A  Mediterranean  vessel. 

Tender.     A  vessel  accompanying  a  large  ship. 

Three-masted  schooner.  A  fore-and-aft  rigged  vessel  with  three  mast* 

Topsail  schooner.     A  schooner  fitted  with  a  topsail. 

Transport.     A  vessel  used  in  carrying  troops. 

Trawler,     A  traveling  vessel. 

Trireme,     A  three-banked  oar  ship. 

Tug.     A  steam  vessel  for  towing  other  vessels. 

Whaler.     A  boat  used  in  whale  fishery. 

Wherry.     A  light  rowboat  for  passengers. 

Xebec.     A  three-masted  vessel  of  Algiers. 

Yacht.     A  light  vessel  for  racing  or  pleasure. 

Yawl.     A  small  sailing  vessel  rigged  like  a  sloop. 

Vessel — Figurative  Nouns, 
Bottom.     The  bottom  of  a  ship;  hence,  a  ship. 
Sail.     Part  of  a  ship;  hence,  a  ship. 

Vessel — Collective  Nouns. 
Fleet.     Several  vessels  under  one  command. 
Flotilla.     A  fleet  of  small  vessels. 
Marine.     Shipping  or  shipping  interests,  generally. 
Navy.     The  entire  marine  military  force  of  a  country. 
Shipping.     Ships  of  all  kinds. 

Vessel — Parts  of  a  Vessel. 

Gunwale.     The  uppermost  wale. 

Head  sail.     Sail  set  forward  of  the  foremast. 

Heel-post.     Post  supporting  propeller  shaft. 

Kedge.     Light  anchor. 

Mainsail.     Large  sail  carried  on  the  mainmast. 

Spinnaker.     Large  sail  carried  opposite  the  mainsail  on  a  racing 

vessel. 
Thwarts.     Seats  in  a  small  boat. 
Topsail.     A  sail  carried  above  the  lowest  sail. 

Vessel — Adverbs. 
Aboard.     On  the  ship. 
Afloat.     In  a  floating  condition. 
On  board.     On  the  ship. 
On  shipboard.     On  the  deck  of  a  ship 


con-vey  -an-cer . 

Advocate. 


One  whose  business  is  conveyancing. 
The  business  of  transferring  titles. 


con-vey -an-cing . 
Alienation. 

con-vey'-er.     One  who  or  that  which  conveys.     Con- 
veyer. 

CONVEYER. 

Bearer.     One  who  bears,  either  in  motion  or  at  rest. 
Carrier.      One  who  carries,  always  in  motion. 
Conveyer.     One  who  carries  from  one  place  to  another. 

Conveyer — Denotations. 

Arab.     An  Arabian  horse. 

Ass.     An  equine  quadruped  smaller  than  the  horse,  and  distinguished 

by  its  harsh  bray  and  long  ears. 
Barb.     A  Barbary  horse. 
Bayard.      A  bay  horse;  any  horse. 

Beast  of  burden.     An  animal  used  for  carrying  burdens. 
Bidet.     A  small  horse. 


Blood-horse.     A  horse  of  approved  breed. 

Bucephalus.     A  famous  horse  owned  by  Alexander  the  Great. 

Camel.     A  large  ruminant  used  in  Eastern  countries  for  carrying 

burdens. 
Carriage.     A  wheeled  vehicle.     See  Conveyance. 
Carrier-pigeon.     A  domestic  pigeon  used  to  convey  letters  from  one 

station  to  another. 
Cattle.     All  domestic  quadrupeds. 
Cart-horse.     A  horse  used  to  pull  a  cart. 
Charger.     A  war-horse. 
Cob.     A  short-legged  and  stout  horse. 
Colt.     A  young  horse. 

Conductor.     A  man  in  charge  of  a  public  conveyance. 
Coolie.     An  East  Indian  porter  or  carrier. 
Courser.     A  race-horse. 
Donkey.     An  ass. 

Draft-horse.     A  strong  horse  for  pulling  heavy  burdens. 
Dromedary.     A  camel  having  one  hump  on  its  ba-^c. 
Elephant.     A  large  animal  having  a  long  trunk  and  sometimes  twa 

ivory  tusks .  the  largest  land  animal  in  existence. 
Filly.     A  female  colt. 
Foal.     A  young  horse. 
Galloway.     A  small  horse  raised  at  Galloway,  Scotland. 


CONVEYER. 


224 


COOPERATION— OPPOSITION. 


g£^J;}  A  galloway. 

Gelding.     A  castrated  horse. 

Genet.     A  small  Spanish  horse. 

Goer.     A  horse,  considered  in  reference  to  his  gait. 

Hack.     A  horse  who  draws  a  hackney-coach. 

Hinny.     A  hybrid  between  a  stallion  and  an  ass. 

Horse.     A  solid-hoofed  and  one  toed  quadruped. 

Hunter.     A  horse  used  in  the  chase. 

Jackass.     A  male  ass. 

Jade.     A  mean  or  tired  horse. 

Jennet.     A  small  Spanish  horse. 

Jument.     A  beast  of  burden. 

Llama.     A  South  American  ruminant  allied  to  the  camel. 

Locomotive.     An  engine  propelled  by  steam. 

Mare.     The  female  horse. 

Mule.     A  hybrid  between  an  ass  and  a  mare. 

Nag.     A  small  horse. 

Packhorse.     A  horse  employed  in  carrying  packs. 

Pad.     An  easy-paced  horse. 

Palfrey.     A  saddle-horse. 

Pegasus.     A  fabled  winged  horse  of  the  Muses. 

Pony.     A  small  horse. 

Porter.     One  who  carries  baggage. 

Post-horse.     A  horse  stationed,  intended  to  be  used  for  the  post. 

Punch.     A  breed  of  large,  heavy  draft  horses. 

Race-horse.     A  horse  bred  for  running  races. 

Racer,     A  race-horse. 

Reindeer.     A  ruminant  of  the  deer  family  found  in  northern  regions. 

Roadster.     A  horse  suitable  for  use  on  ordinary  roads. 

Roan.     A  horse  of  bay,  chestnut,  brown,  or  black  color,  interspersed 

with  gray  or  white. 
Rozinante.     The  horse  of  Don  Quixote. 
Sheltie.     A  Shetland  pony. 
Ship.     A  seagoing  vessel.     See  Vessel. 
6tallion.     A  male  horse  kept  for  breeding. 
Steed.     A  horse  for  state  or  war. 
Stud.     A  collection  of  breeding  horses. 
Sumpter-horse.)  A  horse  or  mule  that  carrjes  burdens 
Sumpter-mule.  > 

Tarpan.     A  wild  horse  found  in  the  region  of  the  Caspian  Se». 
Thoroughbred.     A  horse  of  the  best  breed. 
Tit.     A  small  horse. 
Tranter.     A  carrier. 

Conveyer — Adjectives. 

Asinine.     Having  the  qualities  of  an  ass. 
Equine.     Pertaining  to  a  horse. 

con-vict'.  To  prove  guilty.  Exculpation-Convic- 
tion, Faith-Misgiving,  Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

con-vict'-ed.  Condemned.  Self-convicted.  Repent- 
ance-Obduracy. 

coa-vic'-tion.  The  state  of  being  convinced;  condemna- 
tion; the  state  of  being  religiously  convicted.  Ex- 
culpation-Conviction, Faith-Misgiving,  Proof- 
Disproof. 

con-vince'.  To  satisfy  by  evidence;  to  confute.  Edu- 
cation-Miste aching,  Faith-Misgiving. 

con-vinced'.     Persuaded.     Faith-Misgiving. 

oon-vince'-ment.    Proof.    Faith-Misgiving. 

con-viv'-i-al.     Social.    Sociability-Privacy. 

oon-viv"-i-al'-i-ty.     Mirth.     Sociability-Privacy. 

con'-vo-cate.  To  summon  to  meet.  Gathering-Scat- 
tering. 

con-vo-ca'-tion.  An  ecclesiastical  body  similar  to  a 
synod.     Church,  Council. 


con-voke'.  Summon  to  meet.  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing. 

con'-vo-lu"-ted.    Involved.    Circle-Winding. 

con"-vo-lu'-tion.  A  fold;  whorl.  Agitation,  Circle- 
Winding,  Crossing. 

con'-voy.  Escort  for  protection  during  transportation. 
Security-Insecurity,  Transfer. 

con-vulse'.  To  agitate  violently.  Agitation,  Organ- 
ization-Disorganization, Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Sensuality-Suffering,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

con-vulsed'.  Agitated  violently.  Convulsed  with 
laughter,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Jubilation- 
Lamentation;  convulsed  with  rage,  Favorite- 
Anger. 

con-vul'-sion.  A  spasm.  Agitation,  Regularity- 
Irregularity,  Revolution,  Sensuality-Suffer- 
ing, Turbulence-Calmness;  in  convulsions,  Agita- 
tion. 

con-vul'-sive.  Spasmodic.  Agitation,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

coo.    A  murmuring  note.     Cry-Ululation. 

cook.  To  prepare  food  by  subjecting  to  the  action  of 
heat;  one  who  does  such  work;  to  tamper  with. 
Betterment -Deterioration,  Chief -Underling, 
Heating-Cooling,  Preparation-Nonpreparation, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood;  cook  accounts,  Ac- 
counts; too  many  cooks,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

cook'-er-y.  Place  for  cooking.  Preparation-Non- 
preparation. 

cook'-ing.  Preparing  food.  Preparation-Nonpref- 
aration. 

cool.  To  make  less  hot  or  less  excited;  lacking  cor- 
diality. Amity-Hostility,  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility,  Gray-Brown,  Heat-Cold,  Heating-Cool- 
ing, Motive-Caprice,  Politeness-Impoliteness, 
Recklessness  -  Caution,  Sagacity  -  Incapacity, 
Turbulence-Calmness,  Unconcern;  cool  down, 
Excitability  -Inexcitability;  cool  one's  heels, 
Action-Passiveness,  Earliness-Lateness;  look 
cool  upon,  Sociability-Privacy;  take  coolly,  Ex- 
citability-Inexcitability. 

cooled.     Deprived  of  heat.     Heating-Cooling. 

cool'-er.    That  which  cools.    Oven-Refrigerator. 

cool'-head"-ed.  Free  from  passion.  Excitability 
Inexcitability,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

coo'-lie.  A  Chinese  or  East-Indian  laborer  employed 
under  contract.    Belligerent,  Conveyer. 

cool'-ing.    Making  cool.    Heating-Cooling. 

cool'-ness.  Absence  of  passion  or  feeling.  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability,  Love-Hate,  Recklessness- 
Caution,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

coop.  An  enclosure  for  small  animals.  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Release -Prison,  Release -Re- 
straint. 

co-op'-er-ate.  To  work  together.  Antagonism-Con 
currence. 

co-op'-er-a"-ting.  Working  together.  Antagonism- 
Concurrence. 

co-op"-er-a'-tion.  Joint  action.  Antagonism-Con- 
currence, Assent-Dissent,  Cooperation-Opposi- 
tion, Harmony-Discord,  Participation. 


COOPERATION— OPPOSITION. 


Agreement,  etc.     The  state  of  being  in  accord,  etc.     See  Harmony. 

Alliance.     A  combination  or  union  for  a  common  purpose. 

Coagency.     The  condition  of  joint  agency. 

Concert,  etc.  An  agreement  together  to  a  single  purpose,  etc.  See 
Antagonism-Concurrence. 

Concurrence.     Agreement  in  mind  or  opinions. 

Cooperation.     The  act  of  cooperating. 

Consent,  etc.     Harmony  in  opinion,  etc.     See  Assent. 

Partnership,  etc.  Joint  interest  or  ownership  etc.  See  Associa- 
tion. 

Onion.     Coalescence. 


Antagonism.     Opposition  of  persons  or  causes  to  each  other. 

Check,  etc.  Hindrance  in  the  progress  of  something,  etc.  Se« 
Obstruction. 

Clashing,  etc.  Violent  meeting  of  two  opposing  things  or  interests, 
etc.     See  Verbs. 

Collision.     Meeting  of  two  things  in  opposition. 

Contrariety,  etc.  Repugnant  opposition,  etc.  See  Sameness- 
Contrast. 

Counteraction.     Hindrance. 

Counterblast.     Opposing  argumer»  t. 

Frictior .     Lack  of  harmonj 


COOPERATION. 


225 


COPY. 


COOPERATION— OPPOSITION— Continued. 


Cooperation — Verbs. 


Agree.    To  be  of  one  mind  or  opinion. 
Concur.     To  agree  in  opinion  or  action. 
Conduce.     To  bring  about. 

Conspire.     To  combine  secretly  for  a  bad  purpose. 
Contribute.     To  share  in  effecting  a  result. 
Go  along  with.      Accompany. 
Go  hand  in  hand  with.      Combine  with. 
Go  with.    Accompany. 
Hang  together.     To  be  associated. 
Help  to,  etc      See  Obstruction-Help. 
Keep  pace  with.     Go  as  last  as. 
Pull  together,  etc.     See  Antagonism-Concurrbncb. 
Run  parallel.     Go  together. 
Unite .     Combine. 

Cooperation — Adjectives. 

At  one  with.     Agreed. 

Banded  together.     Confederated. 

Concurrent.     Occurring  or  acting  together. 

Concurring,  etc.     Coming  together  in  opinion  or  action,  etc.     See 

Verbs. 
In  alliance  with.     In  agreement  with. 
Of  one  mind.    Agreed. 

Cooperation — Adverb. 
With  one  consent.     Altogether. 

Cooperation — Phrase. 
Due  teste  valgono  piu  che  una  sola   [It.].      "Two  heads  are  better 
than  one." 


OPPOSITION—  Adjectives— Continued  from  Column  a. 

Contrary,  etc.     Opposing,  etc.     See  Contrast. 
Counteracting,  etc.     Action  in  opposition,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Reactionary.      Pertaining  to,  of  the  nature  of,  or  favoring  reaction. 
Renitent.     Offering  resistance  to  an  influence  or  force. 
Retroactive.     Having  reverse  action. 

Opposition — Adverbs,  etc. 
Against.      In  opposition  to 

Although,  etc.     In  spite  of  the  fact  that,  etc.     See  Compensation. 
In  spite  of,  etc.     Notwithstanding,  etc.     See  Antagonism. 


Interference.     Interposing;  meddling. 

Neutralization,  etc.     Act  of  counteracting,  etc.     See  Compensation. 

Opposition.     The  thwarting  of  an  action. 

Polarity.     Quality  of  having  opposite  poles. 

Reaction.     Return  action. 

Renitence.     Quality  of  offering  resistance. 

Repression.     A  forcing  back. 

Resistance.     The  quality  of  acting  the  opposite  direction. 

Retroaction,  etc.     Reaction,  etc.     See  Impetus-Reaction. 

Vis  inertia  [L.].     Force  of  inertia;  resistance  against  impetu». 

Voluntary  opposition,  etc.     See  Antagonism. 

Voluntary  resistance,  etc.     See  Reprisal-Resistance. 

Opposition — Veros. 

Antagonize.     To  set  one  cause  or  person  against  another. 

Beat  against.      Struggle  against. 

Clash.     To  come  into  noisy  conflict. 

Conflict  with.     To  contend  with. 

Counteract.     To  act  in  opposition  to. 

Counterpoise,  etc.     To   act   against   with   equal   power,  etc.     See 
Compensation. 

Cross.     To  obstruct  or  hinder. 

Go  against.     To  be  in  opposition  to. 

Hinder,  etc.     To  be  or  act  as  an  obstruction,  etc.     See  Obstruction. 

Interfere  with.     To  disarrange. 

Jostle.     To  push  or  crowd  against. 

Militate  against.     To  have  influence  against. 

Neutralize.     To  make  of  no  effect. 

Oppose,  etc.     To  strive  against,  etc.     See  Antagonism. 

Overpoise.     To  outweigh. 

React,  etc.     To  act  in  an  opposite   manner,  etc.     See   Impetus- 
Reaction. 

Repress,   etc.     To   keep    under   restraint,   etc.     See    Release-Re- 
straint. 

Run  against.     To  come  into  contact,  collision,  or  antagonism  with. 

Run  counter.     To  go,  act,  or  operate  contrary. 

Stultify.     To  cause  to  appear  absurdly  inconsistent. 

Undo.     To  annul  the  effect  of. 

Withstand,  etc.     To  make  resistance,  etc.     See  Reprisal-Resist- 
ance. 

Opposition — Adjectives. 

Antagonistic.     Contending  or  acting  against. 
Conflicting.     Contending. 

{Continued  on  Column  i.) 


co-op'-er-a"-tor .      A  joint  laborer;    a   fellow  worker. 

Antagonist- Assistant. 

co"-op-ta'-tion.    Choice.    Choice-Neutrality. 

co-or'-di-nate.  To  put  in  the  same  rank,  class,  or  order. 
Equality-Inequality,  Mensuration,  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization. 

co-or'-di-nates.    A  mathematical  term.    Mensuration. 

co-or"-di-na'-tion.  Stateof  being  coordinate.  Equal- 
ity-Inequality. 

co'-pal.    A  resin  used  for  varnishes.    Pulpiness-Rosin. 

co-par'-cen-a-ry.  An  estate  inherited  conjointly.  Par- 
ticipation. 

co-par'-cen-er.  One  of  two  or  more  coheirs.  Partici- 
pation. 

co-part'-ner.  A  sharer.  Cooperation-Opposition, 
Friend-Foe,  Solitude-Company. 

co-part'-ner-ship.  A  joint  interest  in  any  matter.  As- 
sociation, Opposition-Concurrence,  Participa- 
tion, Solitude-Company. 

cope.  To  strive  on  equal  terms;  a  long  mantle  worn  by 
priests;  a  ceremonial  vest  worn  by  laymen.  An- 
tagonism -  Concurrence,  Equality  -  Inequality, 
Strife-Peace. 

co'-peck.      Russian  coin.     Values. 

copia  verborum  [L.]  (co'-pi-a  ver-bo'-rum) .  A  rich 
supply     of      words.  Speech- Inarticulateness, 

Talkativeness-Taciturnity,  Terseness-Prolix- 
ity. 

cop'-ied.      Imitated.     Nature-Art. 

cop'-ing-stone".  The  top  stone,  as  of  a  wall.  Comple- 
tion-Noncompletion,  Top-Bottom. 


co'-pi-ous.  Abundant.  Enough,  Terseness-Pro- 
lixity. 

co'-pi-ous-ness.     Abundance.     Enough. 

co-por'-tion.     Equal  share.     Participation. 

cop'-per.  Metal;  coin  made  of  copper.  Chemistry, 
Money. 

cor/-per-col"-or-ed.  Of  the  color  of  copper;  reddish, 
Blueness-Orange. 

cop'-per-plate".    Engraved  on  copper.    Engraving. 

cop'-per-plate"  en-gra'-ving.  Engraving  cut  into  a 
copper  plate.     Engraving. 

cop'-per-plate"  print'-ing.  Printing  from  copperplates. 
Engraving. 

cop'-pice.     A  thicket.     Fauna-Flora. 

cop'-ro-lite.  Petrified  dung  of  carnivorous  reptiles. 
Cleanness-Filthiness. 

copse.     A  coppice.     Fauna-Flora. 

cop'-u-la.  A  word  that  unites  the  subject  and  the 
predicate  of  a  sentence.     Connective. 

copula,  jelices  ter  ei  amplius,  quos  irrupia  tenet  [L.J 
(cop'-yu-la,  fi-lai'-siz  ter  et  am'-pli-us,  quos  ir-rup -ta 
ti'-net).  Thrice  happy,  and  more,  those  whom  the 
marriage-bond  unbroken  holds.  Matrimony-Di- 
vorce. 

cop'-u-la-tive.  Kind  of  verb  or  conjunction.  Particle, 
Verb. 

cop'-y.  A  reproduction ;  a  printed  pamphlet,  book,  etc. ; 
a  pattern  given  for  imitation.  Copy-Model,  De- 
lineation-Caricature, Design,  Imitation-Origi- 
nality, Mark-Obliteration,  Nature-Art,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud, Writing-Printing. 


COPY. 


226 


CORDON  SANITAIRE. 


COPY— MODEL. 


Adumbration.     An  indistinct  shadow  or  outline. 

Apograph.     A  copy  written  off. 

Burlesque.     Ludicrously  exaggerated  imitations. 

Caricature.     A  distorted  resemblance. 

Cast.     A  molded  form. 

Chip  of  the  old  block.     A  son  with  his  father's  characteristics. 

Copy.     A  reproduction  after  an  original. 

Counterfeit,  etc.     See  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

Counterpart.     One  of  two  exactly  similar  things. 

Duplicate.     A  reproduction  of  the  original  in  its  entirety. 

Echo.     A  close  imitation ;  a  reverberation  of  sound. 

Ectype.     A  type  of  some  original. 

Effigies  [L.].     An  effigy. 

Effigy.     A  representation  of  the  whole  or  part  of  a  person. 

Facsimile.     A  likeness  exact  in  every  detail. 

Fair  copy.     Good  reproduction. 

Form.     Similar  appearance. 

Hectograph.     A  contrivance  for  multiple  copying. 

Imitation.     Something  copied  after  an  original. 

Likeness.     Semblance  in  appearance. 

Model.     An  approximate  reproduction;  a  pattern. 

Paraphrase.     A  liberal  translation  of  the  thought  in  a  passage  or 

work. 
Parody.     A  light  and  ludicrous  imitation. 
Portrait,  etc.     See  Delineation. 
Rechauffi  [F.].     Something  warmed  over:  a  revision. 
Reflex.     An  image ;  a  retroaction. 
Reflexion.     A  counterpart  reflected. 
Representation.      Expressed  likeness. 
Reprint.     A  copied  print. 
Reproduction.     Something  brought  forward  in  the  likeness  of  an 

existing  object. 
Revise.     Something  reexamined. 
Second  edition,  etc.     See  Recurrence. 
Semblance.     Similarity. 
Servile  copy  j  j       We  duction. 

Servile  imitation  J 

Shadow.     An  indistinct  representation. 
Similitude.     That  which  is  likened  to  something  else. 
Study.     A  representation  in  art,  designed  for  instruction. 
Transcript.     A  rewritten  original. 
Transcription.     The  result  of  transcribing. 
Travestie.     See  Travesty. 
Travesty.     An  ignoble  rearrangement  of  a  lofty  theme. 

Copy — A  djeciives. 

Faithful.     Conformable. 
Lifelike,  etc.     See  Likeness. 

cop'-y-hold".  A  tenure  of  lands  evidenced  by  copy  of 
court  roll.     Property. 

cop'-y-ist.  One  whose  business  it  is  to  copy;  an  imi- 
tator.   Artist,  Writing-Printing. 

cop'-y-right".  The  exclusive  right  secured  by  law  to 
authors  and  artists  to  publish  and  dispose  of  their 
works  for  a  limited  time.      Property. 

cc-quet'.  To  trifle  in  love.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Bigotry-Apostasy,  Blandishment,  De- 
lineation-Caricature, Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness; coquet  with,  Determination-Vacillation. 

co'-quet-ry.  Flirtation.  Adulation-Disparagement, 
Bigotry-Apostasy,  Blandishment,  Society-Af- 
fectation. 

co-quette'.  A  flirt.  Love-Hate,  Society-Affecta- 
tion, Society-Dandy. 

co-quet'-ting.     Flirting.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

co"-quil-lage' .  A  form  of  ornamentation  imitating 
shells.     Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

cor'-a-cle.    A  small  fishing-boat.  Conveyance-Vessel. 

cor'-al.  The  hard  structures  secreted  by  various 
marine  zoophytes;  something  made  of  coral.  Em- 
bellishment-Disfigurement; Geology;  coral-reef, 
Security-Pitfall. 

coram  judice  [L.]  (co'-ram  jiu'-di-si).  Before  the  judge. 
Judicature.  Litigation. 

cor  Anglais  [F.]  (cor  an--glfi/).  An  English  horn. 
Musical  Instruments. 


Antitype.     That  after  which  the  type  is  copied. 
Archetype.     The  first  model. 

opy.     Something  to  be  reproduced. 
Design.     An  original  scheme  or  plan. 
Die.     The  mold  from  which  the  casts  are  made. 
Ensample.     A  model  for  imitation. 

Example.      Something  which  is  to  be  followed  in  imitation. 
Exemplar.     A  specimen  for  copying. 
Fugleman.     A  soldier  who  displays  his  skill  at  arms  for  the  purpose 

of  instruction. 
Intaglio.     A  sunken  die  for  producing  a  relief  design. 
Keynote.     The  fundamental  tone  of  a  chord. 
Last.     A  form  for  shaping  shoes. 
Lay-figure.     A  jointed  model  used  by  artists. 
Model.     That  to  which  copies  are  referred. 
Module.     A  unit  of  measure. 

Mold.     An  object  after  which  others  are  patterned. 
Negative.     A  picture  from  which  positives  are  made. 
Original.     The  first  of  its  class. 

Paradigm.     Something  set  up  as  an  example ,  as  of  verbs  or  nouns. 
Paragon.     A  model  of  beauty  or  eloquence. 
Pattern.     Something  to  be  copied. 
Plasm.     A  mold  or  matrix. 
Precedent.     A    previous   instance    which    may    be    authoritatively 

followed. 
Protoplasm.     The  principal  portion  of  an  animal  or  vegetable  cell. 
Protoplast.     The  first  formed  of  a  class. 
Prototype.     A  primitive  form  to  which  subsequent  forms  may  be 

traced. 
Scantling.     An  outline. 

Standard.     An  established,  authoritative  type. 
Text.     The  original  words  of  an  author. 
Type.     That  which  represents  something  to  come. 
Model — Nouns  of  Instrument. 
Matrix.     That  which  gives  form  or  origin  to  anything. 
Proplasm.     A  mold. 

Punch.     A  tool  for  stamping  or  perforating. 
Seal.     An  engraved  stamp  used  for  making  an  impression  in  wax. 

Model — Noun  of  Place. 
Mint.     A  place  where  money  is  coined. 

Model — Verbs. 
Be  an  example.     Be  a  model. 
Set  a  copy.    Make  a  model. 
Set  an  example.     Be  a  model. 

Model — Phrase. 
Exempla  sunt  odiosa  [LJ.     Examples  are  offensive.     Comparisons 
are  odious. 

corbeille  [F.]  (cor-bey').  A  basket.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

cor'-bel.  One  of  a  series  of  brackets  projecting 
from  the  wall.  Architecture,  Suspension-Sup- 
port. 

cord.  A  string  or  small  rope;  quantity  of  wood.  Con- 
nective, Lamina-Fiber,  Measure,  Release- 
Prison;  cord  foot,  Measure. 

cord'-age.     Ropes  and  cords  in  general.     Connective. 

cor'-da-ted.  Heart-shaped.  Curvation-Rectiline- 
arity. 

cor'-dial.  Hearty;  that  which  invigorates;  a  sweet  and 
aromatic  alcoholic  liquor.  Amity-Hostility,  Emo- 
tion, Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Politeness- 
Impoliteness,  Pungency,  Readiness-Reluctance, 
Remedy-Bane,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

cor-dial'-i-ty.  Affection.  Amity-Hostility,  Emotion, 
Readiness-Reluctance. 

cor'-di-form.      Cordate.     Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

cor"-dil-le'-ra.     Mountain  ranges.     Geology. 

cordon  [F.]  (cor-don'').  A  cord  or  ribbon  used  as  a 
badge  of  honor;  a  line  of  military  posts.  Circle- 
Winding,  Enclosure,  Outline,  Title. 

cordon  bleu  [F.]  (cor-don-'  blu).  A  first-rate  cook. 
Chief-Underling. 

cordon  sanitaire  [F.]  (cor-don-'  sa-ni-teY').  A  line  of 
sentries  to  prevent  communication  with  an  infected 
district.     Conservation,  Security-Insecurity. 


CORDUROY. 


227 


CORRESPOND. 


cor'-du-roy".      A    cotton    stuff,    corded    and    ribbed. 

Groove. 
cord'-wain-er.  A  shoemaker.    Agent,  Dress-Undress. 

core.  The  central  or  innermost  part  of  anything. 
Center,  Consequence-Insignificance;  true  to  the 
core,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

CO"-ri-a'-ceous.  Of  a  leathery  texture.  Toughness- 
Brittleness. 

Cor-in'-thi-an.  Pertaining  to  an  order  of  architecture. 
Taste-Vulgarity;  Corinthian  order,  Architecture. 

co-ri'-val.     A  rival.     Belligerent. 

cork.  The  outer  bark  of  the  cork-oak;  to  stop  with 
cork.  Heaviness-Lightness,  Perforator-Stopper; 
cork  jacket,  Refuge-Pitfall;  cork  up,  Aperture- 
Closure,  Release-Restraint. 

cork'-ing-pin".     A  large  pin.     Connective. 

cork'-screw".  An  instrument  for  drawing  corks. 
Circle-Winding,  Circuition,  Injection-Ejection, 
Perforator-Stopper. 

cor'-mo-rant.  A  voracious  water-bird;  greedy.  De- 
sire-Distaste, Fasting-Gluttony. 

corn.  A  horny  thickening  of  the  cuticle.  Convexity- 
Concavity. 

Cor-na'-ro.  A  sumptuous  painting.  Moderation- 
Selfindulgence. 

cor'-ne-a.  The  anterior,  horny,  transparent  part  of  the 
outer  coat  of  the  eyeball.  Anatomy,  Sight-Blind- 
ness. 

corned.    Intoxicated.    Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

cor'-ne-ous.     Horny.     Hardness-Softness. 

cor  -ner.  An  angle;  a  nook.  Angularity,  Contents- 
Receiver,  Extension-Place;  corner  stone,  Attack- 
Defense,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Suspen- 
sion-Support; creep  into  a  corner,  Sociability- 
Privacy;  drive  into  a  corner,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy;  in  a  dark  corner,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Liberty-Subjection;  push  into  a  corner, 
Obstruction-Help;  rub  off  corners,  Convention- 
ality-Unconventionality;  turn  a  corner,  Circui- 
tion; turn  the  corner,  Betterment-Deterioration. 

cor'-net.  A  small  wind-instrument  of  the  trumpet 
class.     Musical  Instruments. 

cor'-net.  The  lowest  commissioned  cavalry  officer. 
Chief-Underling. 

cornet-h-piston  [F.]  (cor-net'-a-pis-ton').  Key-bugle. 
Musical  Instruments. 

cor'-nice.  The  horizontal  molded  projection  at  the 
top  of  a  building.    Architecture,  Top-Bottom. 

cor-nic'-u-late.     Horned.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

Corn'-ish  hug.  A  hold  in  wrestling;  deceitful  dealing. 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

corno  [It.]  (cor'-no).  A  horn.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

corno  di  bassetto  [It.]  (cor'-no  di  bas-set'-to) .  Basset- 
horn.     Musical  Instruments. 

corno  Inglese  [It.]  (cor'-no  ing-le'-ze).  English  horn. 
Musical  Instruments. 

cor-no'-pe-an.  A  wind-instrument  of  the  trumpet 
class,  with  valves.     Musical  Instruments. 

corn'-shuck".  The  husk  covering  an  ear  of  maize. 
Cover-Lining. 

corn'-starch".  Starch  made  from  maize,  used  for  pud- 
dings, etc.      Nutriment-Excretion. 

cor"-nu-co'-pi-a.     The  horn  of  plenty.    Enough. 

cor-nute'.  Having  horns.  Convexity-Concavity, 
Sharpness-Bluntness. 

cor'-ol-la-ry.  A  consequence.  Decision-Misjudgment, 
Increment-Remnant. 

co-ro'-na.  A  wreath;  circle  of  light.  Astronomy, 
Circle-Winding. 

cor'-o-nach.     A  dirge.    Jubilation-Lamentation. 

cor"-c-na'-tion.  The  act  or  ceremony  of  crowning  a 
monarch.  Commission-Abrogation,  Solemniza- 
tion. 


cor'-o-ner.  An  officer  whose  duty  it  is  to  inquire 
into  the  cause  of  sudden  or  violent  death.  Judica- 
ture. 

cor'-c-net.  An  inferior  crown,  denoting  various  degrees 
of  noble  rank  less  than  sovereign.  Circle-Winding, 
Scepter,  Title. 

co-ro'-ni-form.     Crown-shaped.     Circle-Winding. 

cor'-po-ral.  Belonging  or  relating  to  the  body  as 
opposed  to  the  mind;  the  lowest  non-commissioned 
officer  in  a  company  of  soldiers.  Chief-Underling, 
Materiality-Spirituality;  corporal  major,  Chief- 
Underling. 

cor"-pc-ral'-i-ty.  State  of  being  corporal.  Materi-. 
ality-Spirituality. 

cor'-po-rate.  Associated  by  legal  enactment  for  the 
transaction  of  business.  Union-Disunion  ;  corporate 
body,  Association. 

cor"-po-ra'-tion.  Corporate  body.  Association,  Con- 
vexity-Concavity, Greatness-Littleness,  Judi- 
cature, Labor-Capital. 

cor-po'-re-al.  Physical.  Materiality-Spirituality; 
corporeal  hereditaments,  Property. 

cor"-pc-re'-i-ty.  Materiality.  Materiality-Spiritu- 
ality. 

corps.  A  number  of  persons  in  some  way  acting 
together.    Belligerent,  Gathering-Scattering. 

corps  d'armSe  [F.]  (cor  dar-me').  An  army  corps. 
Belligerent. 

corps  de  reserve  [F.]  (cor  de  r£-zerv').  An  army  held  in 
reserve.     Store. 

corps  perdu,  h  [F.]  (cor  per-dii',  a).  Headlong.  Hurry- 
Leisure,  Recklessness-Caution. 

corpse.     A  dead  body.     Life-Corpse. 

corpse'-like".    Like  a  dead  body.    Life-Corpse. 

cor'-pu-lence.  An  undue  accumulation  of  fat  in  the 
body.  Breadth-Narrowness,  Greatness-Little- 
ness. 

cor'-pu-lent.     Obese.     Greatness-Littleness. 

corpus  [L.]  (cor'-pus).  A  body.  Materiality-Spir- 
ituality. 

corpus  delicti  [L.]  (cor'-pus  di-lic'-tai).  The  body  of 
the  crime.    Innocence-Guilt,  Litigation. 

corpus  juris  [L.]  (cor'-pus  jiu'-ris).  The  body  of  law. 
Law-Lawlessness,  Precept. 

cor-pus'-cle.  A  minute  particle  of  matter.  Magni- 
tude-Smallness. 

cor'-pus'-cu-lar.     Atomic.      Greatness-Littleness. 

cor-ra"-di-a'-tion.  A  conjunction  of  rays  in  one  point. 
Admission-Expulsion,  Gathering-Scattering. 

cor-ral'.  A  pen  for  live  stock.  Enclosure,  Release- 
Restraint. 

cor-rect'.  Make  right;  to  remedy;  to  punish.  Ap- 
proval -  Disapproval,  Betterment  -  Deteriora- 
tion, Dueness-Undueness,  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy, Exculpation-Punition,  Exposure-Hiding- 
place,  Regularity-Irregularity,  Renovation- 
Relapse,  Truth-Error,  Uprightness-Dishonesty, 
Virtue-Vice;  correct  ear,  Hearing-Deafness,  Mu- 
sician; correct  memory,  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness;  correct  reasoning,  Ratiocination-Instinct; 
correct  style,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Gram- 
mar-Solecism, Purity-Crudeness. 

cor-rec'-tion.  Rectification.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Exculpation-Punition,  Recompense- 
Punition;  house  of  correction,  Success-Failure; 
under  correction,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

cor-rect'-ive.    Adapted  to  correct.    Remedy-Bane. 

cor-reg'-i-dor.    The  chief  magistrate  of  a  Spanish  town. 

Chief-Underling. 
cor"-re-la'-tion.      Reciprocal   relation.      Connection- 
Independence,  Interdependence. 
cor-rel'-a-tive.    Related.    Connection-Independence. 
cor"-re-spond' .      Agree;    write.       Harmony-Discord, 
Missive-Publication. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


228 


COSTLINESS— CHEAPNESS. 


cor-re-spond'-ence.  Agreement;  the  act  of  communi- 
cating by  means  of  letters.  Harmony-Discord, 
Missive-Publication. 

cor-re-spond'-ent.  One  who  communicates  or  transacts 
business  by  means  of  letters;  similar.  Consignee, 
Harmony-Discord,  Investigation-Answer,  Liti- 
gation, Messenger,  Synonym-Antonym. 

cor'-ri-dor.  A  wide  gallery  o'r  passage  in  a  building. 
Contents-Receiver,  Way. 

cor-ri-gen'-dum.  A  thing  or  word  to  be  corrected. 
Truth-Error. 

cor'-ri-gi-ble.  Capable  of  being  corrected.  Better- 
ment-Deterioration. 

cor-ri'-val.     A  rival.     Belligerent. 

cor-ri'-val-ship.     State  of  being  rivals.     Stripe-Peace. 

cor-ri'-val-ry.    Competition.    Strife-Peace. 

cor"-ri-va'-tion.  The  running  together  of  different 
streams.     River-Wind. 

cor-rob'-c-rant.    Invigorating.    Remedy-Bane. 

cor-rob'-o-rate.  To  confirm.  Assent-Dissent,  Evi- 
dence-Co unte  re  vidence. 

«or-rob"-o-ra'-tion.  Confirmation.  Assent-Dissent, 
Evidence-Countere  vidence. 

cor-rob'-o-ra-tive.  Verifying.  Evidence-Counter- 
evidence. 

cor-rode'.  To  eat  away  gradually.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Heating-Cooling,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness. 

cor-rod'-ing.  Rusting.  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness. 

cor-ro'-sion.     Decay.     Betterment-Deterioration. 

cor-ro'-sive.  Having  the  power  of  corroding.  Good- 
ness-Badness, Vigor-Inertia. 

cor'-ru-gate.  Wrinkled.  Enlargement -Diminu- 
tion, Organization-Disorganization,  Plicature, 
Smoothness- Roughness. 

cor"-ru-ga'-tion.  Wrinkle.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion, Organization-Disorganization. 

cor-rupt'.  Dishonest;  tainted.  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Cleanness-Filthiness,  Patriotism- 
Treason,  Uprightness-Dishonesty,  Virtue-Vice. 

cor-rupt'-ing.    Depraving.    Goodness-Badness. 

cor-rup'-tion.  Destruction  by  reason  of  decomposition; 
depravity;  departure  from  correct  style.  Better- 
ment -  Deterioration,  Cleanness  -  Filthiness, 
Composition  -  Resolution,  Uprightness  -  Dishon- 
esty, Virtue-Vice,  Word-Neology. 

cor'-sage.  The  bodice  or  waist  of  a  woman's  dress. 
Dress-Undress. 

cor'-sair.     A  pirate.      Robber. 

corse.     A  corpse.     Life-Corpse. 

corse'-let.  The  complete  armor  of  a  soldier.  Dress- 
Undress. 

cor'-set.  A  close-fitting,  stiff  bodice.  Dress-Un- 
dress. 

corso  [Sp.]  (cor'-so).     A  race-ground  for  horses.     Lists. 

cortege  [F.]  (cor-tezh').  A  train  of  attendants.  Chief- 
Underling,  Continuity-Interruption,  Incre- 
ment-Remnant, Solitudl-Company,  Traveling- 
Navigation. 


Cor'-tes.     The   national   legislature   of   Spain   or    ot 
Portugal.     Council. 

cor'-tex.     The  bark  or  rind.     Cover-Lining. 

cor'-ti-cal.     External.     Covering-Lining. 

cor'-us-cate .     To  sparkle.     Light-Darkness. 

cor"-us-ca'-tion.     Sparkling.     Light-Darkness. 

cor"-vette'.    A  war-vessel.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

cor'-y-bant.  A  priest  of  the  goddess  Cybele.  Minis- 
try-Laity. 

cor"-y-ban'-tic.    Madly  excited.    Saneness-Lunacy. 

cor"-y-phe'-us.  The  conductor,  leader,  or  chief  of  a 
dramatic  chorus.     Instructor-Pupil,  Manager. 

cosa  ben  fatia  e  fatta  due  volte  [It.]  (co'-za  ben  fat'-ta 
6  fat'-ta  du'-e  vol'-te).  A  thing  well  done  is  twice 
done.  Completion-Noncompletion,  Toil-Relax- 
ation. 

cos-cin'-o-man"-cy.  Divination  by  suspending  a 
sieve,  etc.     Prophecy. 

co"-sig-nif'-i-ca-tive.  Having  the  same  signification. 
Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 

co'-sine.  The  sine  of  the  complement  of  an  angle. 
Parallelism-Inclination. 

cos-met'-ic.  A  compound  applied  to  the  skin  to  im- 
prove its  appearance.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment, Remedy-Bane. 

cos'-mic-al.  Belonging  to  the  material  universe. 
Universe. 

cos-mog'-o-ny.  A  doctrine  or  an  account  of  the  crea- 
tion or  of  the  system  of  the  universe.     Universe. 

cos-mog'-ra-phy.  Science  of  the  universe.  Uni- 
verse. 

cos-mol'-c-gy.    Science  of  the  universe.    Universe. 

cos"-mo-pol'-i-tan.  Common  to  all  the  world;  a 
citizen  of  the  world.  Dweller-Habitation, 
Humanitarianism-Misanthropy,  Humanity. 

cos"-mo-pol'-i-tan-ism.  A  cosmopolitan  character. 
Humanitarianism-Misanthropy. 

cos-mop'-o-lite.  World-wide.  Humanitarianism- 
Misanthropy,  Humanity. 

cos"-mo-ra'-ma.  An  exhibition  through  a  lens  of 
drawings  or  paintings,  like  seeing  the  world.  Ap- 
pearance-Disappearance. 

cos'-mos.  The  world  or  universe  considered  as  a  sys- 
tem.    Universe. 

Cos'-sack.  A  member  of  the  race  inhabiting  the  lower 
Don  and  Dnieper.     Belligerent. 

cos'-set.    To  pet.    Blandishment,  Favorite-Anger. 

cost.  The  price.  Price-Discount;  cost  price,  Cost- 
liness-Cheapness; cost  what  it  may,  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation; pay  costs,  Settlement-De- 
fault; to  one's  cost,  Good-Evil,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness. 
cos'-ter-mon"-ger.     A    street    hawker    of    fruits,    etc. 

Dealer. 
cos'-tive.    Constipated.    Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 
cos'-tive-ness.       Uncommunicativeness.       Talkative- 
ness-Taciturnity. 
cost'-less.     Costing  nothing.     Costliness-Cheapness. 
cost'-li-ness.    Expensiveness.    Costliness-Cheapness. 


COSTLINESS— CHEAPNESS. 


Costliness.      The  quality  of  being  expensive. 

Dearness,  etc.     Excessiveness  in  price,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Exorbitance.      A  going  beyond  proper  limits  in  making  charges. 

Extortion.      Overcharge. 

Extravagance.      Lavish  expenditure. 

Famine  price.      Price  caused  by  scarcity. 

Heavy  pull  upon  the  purse.      Expensiveness. 

High  price.      High  valuation. 

Overcharge.      An  excessive  price. 

Costliness — Verbs. 

Bleed.     To  draw  money  from  one  at  a  disadvantage. 

Be  dear,  etc.     To  come  high  in  price,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 


Bargain.     An  advantageous  transaction. 

Cheapness.     The  quality  of  being  low  in  price. 

Depreciation.      Decrease  in  value. 

Free  admission.     Allowed  to  enter  without  charges. 

Free  quarters.     Place  of  abode  free. 

Free  seats.     Seats  obtained  gratis. 

Good  penny  worth.      Much  for  the  money  laid  out  or  work  done. 

Gratuity.     A  free  gift ;  a  present. 

Labor  of  love.     Task  undertaken  without  hope  of  compensation. 

Low  price.     Cheapness. 

Nominal  price.     Comparatively  small  price. 

Peppercorn  rent.     A  nominal  rent. 


COSTLINESS. 


229 


COUNCIL. 


COSTLINESS— CHEAPNESS— Continued. 


COSTLINESS — Verbs — Continued. 

Cost  »  pretty  penny.     To  have  cost  an  exorbitant  amount. 

Cost  much.     Be  high  in  price. 

Extort.     To  practise  the  charging  of  unreasonable  prices. 

Fleece.     To  strip  of  one's  property 

Look  up.     To  examine  the  items  of  an  account. 

Overcharge.     To  charge  too  much. 

Pay  through  the  nose.     Pay  extravagantly. 

Pay  too  dear  for  one's  whistle.  -  [Remember  Franklin's  story.] 

Pay  too  much.     Pay  an  exorbitant  price. 

Rise  in  price.     To  become  more  valuable. 

Costliness — Adjectives. 
Costly.     Paid  for  with  a  big  price. 
Dear.     Sold  for  a  high  price. 

Exorbitant.     Marked  by  a  desire  to  get  more  than  is  reasonable. 
Expensive.     Costing  much. 
Extortionate.     Oppressive. 
Extravagant.     Immoderately  high. 
High.     Costing  more  than  usual. 
Precious.     Having  great  inherent  value. 
Priceless.     Worth  a  great  deal. 
Unreasonable.     Too  high  in  price. 

Costliness — Adverbial  Expressions. 
Above  price;    at  a  premium;    beyond  price;    dearly  bought;    high 
priced;  not  to  be  had,  hard  to  get;  not  to  be  had  for  love  or  money, 
not  to  be  obtained  at  any  price;  of  great  price;   of  priceless  value; 
unreasonable;  worth  a  Jew's  eye,  exceedingly  costly. 


Costliness — Adverbs. 


At  great  cost.  }■  At  a  great  expense, 

vy  cost, 

'     r  At  a  very  high  price. 


A  grand  jrais  [F.].' 
At  great  cost. 
At  heavy  cost. 
Dear,    t 
Dearly.  \ 


Cheapness — Verbs. 
Be  cheap,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Buy  for  a  mere  nothing.     Buy  cheaply. 
Buy  for  an  old  song.     To  buy  for  a  mere  trifle. 
Come  down  in  price.     To  lessen  the  cost. 
Cost  tittle.     Be  cheap. 

Fall  in  price.     A  drop  in  the  cost  of  an  article. 
Have  one's  money's  worth.     Get  full  value. 

Ch  eapness — A  djectives. 

A  drug  in  the  market.     Plenteous  with  lack  of  demand ;  hence,  cheap 

Catchpenny.     Cheap  and  showy. 

Cheap.     Low  in  price. 

Cheap  and  nasty.     Cheap  and  filthy;  worthless. 

Cheap  as  dirt;  cheap  at  the  price;  costless. 

Depreciated.     Sunk  in  value. 

Dirt  cheap;  dog  cheap,  very  cheap;  expenseless;  free;  free  of  cost; 
free  of  expense;  good  price,  reasonable;  gratis,  free  of  charge; 
gratuitous  (see  Nouns);  half-price;  honorary,  without  any  ex- 
penditure of  energy,  time,  or  money;  inexpensive,  without  expense; 
low;  low  priced;  magnifique  et  pas  cher  [F.],  magnificent  and  not 
dear;  not  charged;  reasonable;  rent-free;  scot-free,  without  pay- 
ment; shot-free,  same  as  Scot-free;  unbought,  got  without 
money;  unexpensive  (see  Inexpensive);  unpaid;  well  worth  the 

•    money;  without  charge;  worth  the  money. 

Cheapness — Adverbial  Phrases. 
A  bon  marche"  [F.],  at  a  good  bargain;  at  a  reduction;  at  cost  price; 
at  prime  cost,  at  first  cost;  for  a  mere  song. 


COSTLINESS— Continued. 
Costliness — Phrases. 
Prices  looking  up.     Exorbitant;  extravagant. 
Vel  prece,  vel  preiio  [L.].     Either  with  prayer  or  with  price. 


cost'-ly.  Expensive.  Costliness-Cheapness,  Good- 
ness-Badness. 

cos'-tume.  The  garments,  collectively,  worn  at  one 
time.  Dress-Undress;  theatrical  costume,  Act- 
ing, Vestments. 

costume  [F.]  (cos-tum').  Characteristic  dress.  Dress- 
Undress. 

costume  bal  [F.]  (cos-tum'  bal).  A  ball  dress.  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 

costumier  [F.]  (cos-tum-roi-6') .  Property-man.  Act- 
ing, Dress-Undress. 

cot.  A  small  and  humble  house;  a  light  bedstead. 
Dweller-Habitation,  Suspension-Support. 

co-tan'-gent.  One  of  the  trigonometrical  functions. 
Angularity,  Parallelism-Inclination. 

cote.    A  sheepfold.     Dweller-Habitation. 

co-ten'-an-cy.    Joint  tenancy.    Participation. 

co-ten'-ant.    Landholder.     Participation. 

co"-te-rie'.  A  clique.  Association,  Sociability- 
Privacy. 

co-thur'-nus.     A  buskin ;  a  tragedy.     Acting. 

co-ti'-dal.  Indicating  simultaneity  in  tides.  Ocean- 
Land,  Sameness-Contrast. 

co-til'-lion.  A  quadrille.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

cot'-tage.  A  small  dwelling.  Country,  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

cot'-ta-ger.  The  occupant  of  a  cottage.  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

cot'-ter.     A  cottager.     Dweller-Habitation. 

cot'-tier.     Cottager.     Dweller-Habitation. 

cot'-ton.  A  soft,  woolly,  fibrous  material  appended  to 
the  seeds  of  the  cotton-plant.     Lamina-Fiber. 

cot'-ton  ex-change'.  Place  where  cotton  is  sold. 
Labor-Capital. 

couch.  To  cause  to  lie;  abed;  to  lurk.  Elevation- 
Depression.  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Erectness- 
Flatness,  Suspension-Support;  couch  in  terms, 
Phrase;  couch  one's  lance,  Strife-Peace. 


couch'-ant.     Lying  down.     Erectness-Flatness. 

couci-couci  [F.]  (cu-si'-cu-si') .  Half-hearted.  Fault- 
lessness-Faultiness. 

cough.  A  sudden,  harsh  expulsion  of  the  breath. 
River -Wind;  churchyard  cough,  Health -Sick- 
ness. 

cou-leV.     A  solidified  stream  of  lava.     River- Wind. 

couleur  de  rose  [F.]  (cu-lur'  de  roz).  Rose-color. 
Goodness-Badness,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness, 
Welfare-Misfortune;  view  en  couleur,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection. 

couleur  de  rose,  vin  en  [F.]  (cu-lur'  de  roz,  van- 
an).  Rose-colored  wine.  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness. 

coulisses  [F.]  (cu-lis').  One  of  the  side  scenes  of  a 
stage  in  a  theater.     Acting. 

coul'-ter.  A  blade  or  disk  on  the  beam  of  a  plow. 
Sharpness-Bluntness. 

coun'-cil.  An  assembly  of  persons  convened  for  con- 
sultation or  deliberation.  Advice,  Church,  Coun- 
cil; council  of  education,  School;  hold  a  council, 
Advice. 

COUNCIL. 

Amphictyonic  Council.     Council  of  delegates  from  the  Greek  states. 

Assembly.     A  number  of  persons  met  for  a  particular  purpose. 

Bench.     The  corps  of  judges  of  a  court. 

Board  of  control.     Board  having  control  of  school  matters. 

Board  °f  works.  A  number  of  persons  having  charge  of  particular 
work. 

Cabinet.     The  official  advisers  of  the  head  of  a  government. 

Caput.  Formerly,  the  governing  body  at  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge. 

Caucus.  Meeting  of  the  members  of  a  oolitical  party  to  nominate 
candidates  and  further  the  interests  of  ths  party. 

Chamber.     Assembly  or  association. 

Chamber  of  Deputies.  The  popular  branch  of  the  French  legisla- 
ture. 

Chapter.     A  branch  of  an  association . 

Clique.     Association  of  a  few  for  common  interests. 


COUNCIL. 


230 


COUNTERPART. 


Cockpit.     The  government  office-building  opposite  Whitehall  West- 
minster. 
Comilia  [L.].     Assembly  of  the  Romans  to  elect  officers  and  pass 

laws. 
Committee.    A  portion  of  an  assembly  appointed  to  do  certain  work 
Conclave.     The  meeting  of  the  cardinals  of  the  Roman  Catholic 

Church  for  electing  a  pope. 
Conference.     Meeting  of  persons  having  common  or  conflicting  in- 
terests for  settlement  of  some  question. 
Congress.     The  legislative  body  of  the  United  States.     Any  large 

and  important  assembly. 
Consistory.     The  governing  body  in  some  churches. 
Conventicle.     Meeting  for  religious  worship. 
Convention.     A  meeting  of  delegates  to   discuss  religious,  social, 

political,  etc.,  questions. 
Convocation.     Assembly,  especially  of  the  clergy  of  the  Church  of 

England,  or  of  the  governing  body  of  Oxford  University. 
Cortes  [Sp.].     The  Spanish  legislative  body. 
Council.     Body  of  men  summoned  for  consultation. 
Court.       Place  for  hearing  cases  at  law ;  the  judge  or  judges  hearing  a 

case. 
Court  cf  appeal,  etc.     A  court  to  whom  appeals  from  the  decision  of 

other  courts  may  be  taken,  etc.     See  Tribunal. 
Diet.     Legislative  body  in  some  European  countries. 
Directory.     The  governing  body  of  the  French  from  1795-1799. 
Divan.     The  privy  council  of  the  Sultan  of  Turkey. 
Durbar  [Hind.].     The  court  of  a  prince  of  India. 
House.     A  branch  of  the  legislative  body. 
Junta  [Sp.].     A  grand  council  of  state.  , 

Meeting.     A  gathering  for  any  purpose. 
Musnud  [Ar.J.     A  Mussulman  court. 
Palaver.     An  African  conference. 
Parliament.     The   legislative   body  of  any  country,  especially  of 

England. 
Pourparler  [P.].     Conference  held  before  making  a  treaty. 
Privy  cabinet.     The  chief  members  of  the  privy  council  of  the  sove- 
reign of  England. 
Privy  council.     The  whole  advisory  body  of  the  crown  of  England. 
Quorum  [L.].     The  number  of  a  body  required  to  be  present  before 

business  can  be  done. 
Reichsrath  [G.].     The  Austrian  parliament. 
Rigsdag  [Dan.].     The  Danish  parliament. 
Sanhedrim  [Heb.].  The  highest  court  of  the  ancient  Jews. 
Stance  [P.].     A  sitting  of  some  body  of  inquiry. 
Senate.     The  upper  house  of  the  legislative  body  in  some  countries, 

especially  in  the  United  States  and  France. 
Senatus  [L.].     Senate. 

Session.     The  whole  period  during  which  a  body  sits. 
Sitting.      Session. 

Staff.      The  officers  employed  in  carrying  a  superior  officer's  com- 
mands into  execution. 
States  General.     The  legislative  body  of  a  country,  especially  of  Hol- 
land. 
Storthing  [Norw.].     The  parliament  of  Norway. 
Subcommittee.     A  small  committee  appointed  by  a  larger  one. 
Syndicate.     An  official  or  other  body  undertaking  a  business  project. 
Synod.     A  church  council. 
Vestry.     A  church  governing  body. 
Witenagemote.     The  parliament  of  the  Anglo-Saxons. 

Council — Constituent  Nouns. 

Councilor.     A  member  of  a  council. 

Member.     A  person  belonging  to  any  deliberative  body. 

Member  of  Parliament.     A  member  of  either  of  the  houses  of  the 

national  legislatures  of  some  countries. 
M.  P.      Member  of  Parliament. 
Representative  of  the  people.     A  delegate  sent  by  the  people  to  a 

legislative  body. 
Senator.      A  member  of  the  higher  house  of  the  legislature  in  the 

United  States. 

Council — Adjectives. 

Curule ,      Pertaining  to  those  Roman  offices  the  incumbents  of  which 

sat  in  certain  kind  of  a  chair. 
Senatorial.      Pertaining  to  the  Senate  or  Senators. 


Member   of   a    council.      President- 
council. 


Advice, 


coun'-cil-man. 

Member. 
coun'-cil-or.       A    member    of    a 

Council. 
coun'-sel.      Advice;    a   lawyer.      Advicb,    Advocate; 

keep  one's  own  counsel,  Enlightenment-Secrecy; 


take    counsel,    Investigation-Answer,    Mind-Im- 
becility. 
coun'-sel-or.    Adviser.    Advice,  Advocate. 
count.     To  enumerate;  a  distinct  charge;  a  nobleman. 
Decision-Misjudgment,        Gentility-Democracy, 
Numbering;  count  the  cost,  Recklessness-Caution; 
count    upon,    Expectation-Surprise,    Faith-Mis- 
giving;   to    be    counted    on    one's    fingers,    Multi- 
plicity-Paucity. 
coun'-te-nance.    To  approve;  the  face.    Anteriority- 
Posteriority,    Appearance-Disappearance,    Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Obstruction-Help;  counte- 
nance      falling,        Expectation-Disappointment, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection;     keep    in    counte- 
nance, Approval-Disapproval,  Bravery-Coward- 
ice,   Conventionality-Unconventionality,    Jus- 
tification-Charge, Motive-Caprice,  Obstruction- 
Help;  keep  one's  countenance,  Excitability-Inex- 
citability,  Lightheartedness-Dejection;  out  of 
countenance,    Conceit-Diffidence,    Selfrespect- 
Humbleness;  put  out  of  countenance,  Reputation- 
Discredit,  Selfrespect-Humbleness;  stare  out  of 
countenance,  Presumption-Obsequiousness. 
coun'-ter.     Contrary;  a  calculator;  a  table  from  which 
goods  are  sold;  a  piece  of  wood,  ivory,  etc.,  used  in 
games.      Market,    Number,    Sameness-Contrast, 
Sign,    Suspension-Support;    counter   to,   Antago- 
nism-Concurrence;    over    the    counter,    Buying, 
Dealer,    Exchange;   run   counter,    Cooperation- 
Opposition. 
coun"-ter-act'.    To  check  by  opposing.    Antagonism- 
Concurrence,  Compensation,  Cooperation-Oppo- 
sition, Obstruction-Help. 
coun"-ter-act'-ing.     Opposing.     Cooperation-Opposi- 
tion. 
coun"-ter-ac'-tion.       Hindrance.       Antagonism-Con- 
currence, Cooperation-Opposition. 
coun"-ter-bal'-ance.    To  offset.    Compensation. 
coun'-ter-blast".       An   opposing  blast;   an   answering 
argument.       Cooperation-Opposition,     Reprisal- 
Resistance. 
coun"-ter-change'.     To   interchange.     Commutation- 
Permutation,  Interdependence. 
coun'-ter-charm".     An  opposing  charm.     Devotion- 
Charm. 
coun'-ter-check" .    A  check  for  a  check ;  a  cross-demand 
alleged  by  a  defendant  against  the  plaintiff.     Ob- 
struction-Help, Sign. 
coun'-ter-ev"-i-dence.       Rebutting     evidence.       Evi- 

dence-Counterevidence. 
coun'-ter-feit.    An  imitation  usually  fraudulent.   Copy- 
Model,     Imitation-Originality,     Truthfulness- 
Falsehood,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 
coun'-ter-foil".    A  stub  or  coupon.    Sign. 
coun"-ter-mand' .     To  order  or  command  contrary  to 
previous   order   or   command.      Commission-Abro- 
gation. 
coun"-ter-march'.    To  march  back.    Advance-Retro- 
gression, Traveling-Navigation. 
coun'-ter-mark".    An  added  mark.    Sign. 
coun"-ter-mine'.     To  mine  counter  to.     Antagonism- 
Concurrence,  Design. 
coun'-t»r-mo"-tion.    Movement  in  a  contrary  direction. 

Advance-Retrogression. 
coun'-ter-move"-ment.    Opposition.    Advance-Retro- 
gression. 
coun'-ter-or"-der.     An  order  contrary  to  a  preceding 

order.    Commission-Abrogation. 
coun'-ter-pane".       An    outside    bed-cover.       Cover- 
Lining. 
coun'-ter-part".      A    facsimile,    an    opposite.      Copy- 
Model,     Laterality-Contraposition,     Likeness- 
Unlikeness. 


COUNTERPLOT. 


231 


COURT. 


coun"-ter-plot'.  To  oppose  plot  to  plot.  Antagonism- 
Concurrence,  Design,  Reprisal-Resistance. 

coun'-ter-point".  Art  of  writing  an  accompaniment  to 
a  melody.    Melody-Dissonance. 

coun"-ter-poise' .  To  counterbalance.  Compensation, 
Heaviness-Lightness,  Obstruction-Help. 

coun'-ter-poi"-son.     An  antidote.     Remedy-Bane. 

coun'e-tr-proj"-ect.  A  project  given  in  opposition  to 
another.     Reprisal-Resistance. 

coun'-ter-pro"-test.  A  protest  against  a  protest.  Evi- 
dence-Counterevidence. 

coun'-ter-rev-o-lu'-tion.  A  revolution  opposed  to  a 
former  one.    Conversion-Reversion. 

coun'-ter-scarp".  The  slope  of  a  ditch  opposite  a 
parapet.     Attack-Defense. 

coun'-ter-sign".  A  watchword.  Assent-Dissent, 
Evidence-Counterevidence,  Sign. 

coun'-ter-stroke".  A  stroke  in  retaliation.  Reprisal- 
Resistance. 

coun'-ter-term".     Antonym.     Synonym-Antonym. 

coun"-ter-vail' .  To  counterbalance.  Compensation, 
Equality  -  Inequality,  Evidence  -  Countere vi- 
dence. 

coun"-ter-vail'-ing.    Counteracting.    Compensation. 

coun"-ter-work'.  To  work  in  opposition  to.  Antago- 
nism-Concurrence. 

count'-ess.  The  wife  of  an  earl  or  a  count.  Gentility- 
Democracy. 

count'-ing-house".  A  business-office  of  an  establish- 
ment.    Market. 

count'-less.     Incapable  of  being  counted.     Infinity. 

coun'-tri-fied.     Rustic.     Taste- Vulgarity. 

coun'-try.  A  land  under  a  particular  government;  a 
rural  region.  City-Country,  Domestication-Agri- 
culture, Dweller-Habitation,  Extension-Dis- 
trict;   love    of    country,    Humanitarianism-Mis- 

ANTHROPY. 

coun'-try-dance".  A  dance  in  which  the  partners  are 
ranged  in  opposite  lines.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

coun'-try  church'-yard.  Yard  around  a  church.  City- 
Country.  ' 

coun'-try-man.  A  rustic;  an  inhabitant  of  the  same 
country  with  another.  Friend-Foe,  Gentility- 
Democracy. 

coun'-try-seat".  A  dwelling  in  the  country.  Country, 
Dweller-Habitation,  Sociability-Privacy. 

coun'-try-side".    District.    City-Country. 

coun'-try-wom"-an.  Woman  living  in  the  country. 
City-Country. 

counts.  Things  sold  by  the  piece.  Universality-Par- 
ticularity. 

coun'-ty.  A  civil  division  of  a  state  or  kingdom.  Ex- 
tension-District; county  court,  Tribunal. 

coup  [F.]  (cu).  A  master-stroke.  Action-Passive- 
ness,  Design,  Eternity-Instantaneity. 

coup  sur,  a  [F.]  (cu  sur,  a).  Certainly.  Certainty- 
Doubt. 

coup  de  bee  [F.]  (cu  de  bee).  Slander.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Attack-Defense. 

coup  de  grace  [F.]  (cu  de  gras).  The  finishing  blow. 
Beginning-End,  Completion-Noncompletion,  Ex- 
culpation-punition,  llfe-kllling. 

co%p  de  Vepee  dans  i'eau  [F.]  (cu  de  le-pe'  dan-  lo). 
To  strike  a  sword  into  the  water.    Usefulness-Use- 

LESSNESS. 

coup  de  main  [F.]  (cu  de  man).  A  sudden  attack. 
Action-Passiveness,  Attack-Defense,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness. 

coup  de  maitre  [F.]  (cu  de  metr).  A  master-stroke. 
Goodness-Badness,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 

coup  d'aeil  [F.]  (cu  duy).  First  sight.  Appearance- 
Disappearance,  Pomp,  Sight-Blindness. 


coup  de  plume  [F.]  (cu  de  plum) .  The  stroke  of  a  pen. 
Writing-Printing. 

coup  de  soleil  [F.]  (cu  de  so-ley') .  Sunstroke.  Heat- 
ing-Cooling, Saneness-Lunacy. 

coup  d'essai  [F.]  (cu  de-sd').  A  first  attempt.  Ven- 
ture. 

coup  d'etat  [F.]  (cu  de-ta') .  A  bold  piece  of  statesman- 
ship. Action-Passiveness,  Design,  Law-Lawless- 
ness, Revolution. 

coup  de  theatre  [F.]  (cu  de  te-atr').  A  theatrical  hit. 
Appearance-Disappearance,  Pomp. 

coup'-le.  A  pair.  Duality,  Matrimony-Celibacy, 
Union-Disunion. 

coup'-led.  United  in  pairs.  Duality;  coupled  with, 
Addition-Subtraction,  Solitude-Company. 

coup'-let.  Two  lines  of  verse  in  immediate  sequence 
and  rhyming  together.     Poetry- Prose. 

cou'-pon".  A  section  or  detachable  portion  of  a  bond, 
ticket,  etc.     Money. 

cour'-age.  Bravery.  Bravery-Cowardice;  courage 
oozing  out,  Bravery-Cowardice;  moral  courage, 
Determination-Vacillation. 

courage  de  ses  convictione,  il  a  le  [F.]  (cu-razh'  de  se 
con--vic-si-on-',  il  a  le).  He  has  the  courage  of  his 
convictions.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

cou-ra'-geous.    Brave.    Bravery-Cowardice. 

courage  sans  peur  [F.]  (cu-razh'  san-  pur).  Courage 
without  fear.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

courant  [F.l  (cu'-ran).  Current.  au  courant  [F.] 
(ocuran''),  in  the  current;  informed.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance. 

coureur,  avant  [F.]  (cu-rur',  a-vcur').  A  herald.  Prepa- 

•    ration-Nonpreparation. 

cou'-ri-er.  An  emissary  carrying  messages.  Mes- 
senger, Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

course.  Career;  line  of  motion;  line  of  conduct; 
regular  sequence;  the  portion  of  a  meal  served  at 
one  time;  a  charge  or  bout  in  a  tournament.  Aim- 
Aberration,  Conduct,  Continuity-Interruption, 
Duration-Neverness,  Education-Misteaching, 
Lists,  Movement-Rest,  Nutriment-Excretion, 
Period-Progress,  Quest-Evasion,  Regularity- 
Irregularity,  '  River-Wind,  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion, Way;  bend  one's  course,  Quest-Evasion, 
Traveling-Navigation;  course  of  action,  Conduct; 
course  of  business,  Occupation;  course  of  events, 
Occurrence-Destiny;  course  of  inquiry,  Investiga- 
tion-Answer; course  of  preparation,  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation;  course  of  study,  Education-Mis- 
teaching; course  of  things,  Occurrence-Destiny; 
course  of  time,  Future-Past;  course  runs  smooth, 
Welfare-Misfortune;  follow  as  of  course,  Proof- 
Disproof;  hold  a  course,  Aim-Aberration,  Quest- 
Evasion;  in  course,  Nature-Art;  in  due  course, 
Opportuneness-Unsuitableness;  in  the  course 
of,  Duration-Neverness,  Occurrence-Destiny; 
in  the  course  of  nature,  Nature-Art;  keep  one's 
course,  Advance-Retrogression,  Persistence- 
Whim  ;  let  things  take  their  course,  Action-Passive- 
ness, Discontinuance-Continuance;  mark  out 
a  course,  Design;  of  course,  Assent-Dissent, 
Astonishment-Expectance,  Cause-Effect,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Consent,  Conventionality-Un- 
conventionality,  Habit-Desuetude,  Proof-Dis- 
proof, Volition-Obligation;  run  its  course,  Be- 
ginning-End, Completion-Noncompletion;  take 
a  course,  Quest-Evasion;  take  its  course,  Occur- 
rence-Destiny. 

cours'-er.  A  fleet  and  spirited  horse.  Conveyer, 
Swiftness-Slowness. 

cours'-ing.  The  sport  of  chasing  and  hunting  hares 
with  greyhounds.     Life-Killing,  Quest-Evasion. 

court.     To  woo;   solicit;   a  tribunal;   the  residence  of  a 


COURT. 


232 


COVER— LINING. 


sovereign;  the  council  and  retinue  of  a  sovereign;  a 
level  space  for  playing  games;  flattering  attention. 
Adulation-Disparagement,  Blandishment,  Chief- 
Underling,  Contents- Receiver,  Council,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Dweller-Habitation,  Extension-Dis- 
trict, Judge,  Motive-Caprice,  Petition-Expostu- 
lation, Quest-Evasion,  Society-Ludicrousness, 
Tribunal;  bring  into  court,  Evidence-Counter- 
evidence;  consistorial  court,  Church;  court  card, 
Design;  court  of  common  council,  Tribunal;  court 
of  final  appeal,  Certainty-Doubt;  court  of  honor, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty;  friend  at  court,  An- 
tagonist-Assistant; pay  court  to,  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement, Blandishment,  Love-Hate,  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness; put  out  of  court,  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 

eour'-te-ous.     Polite.     Politeness-Impoliteness. 

cour'-te-ous-ly.     Politely.    Politeness-Impoliteness. 

cour'-te-sy.  Politeness ;  a  gesture  of  civility  or  respect. 
Elevation -Depression,  Politeness -Impolite- 
ness, Regard-Disrespect,  Vibration,  Yielding; 
show  courtesy,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Regard- 
Disrespect. 

cour'-te-zan.     A  prostitute.     Purity-Rake. 

court'-ier.  A  member  of  the  court  circle.  Flatterer- 
Defamer,  Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

court'-ier-like.     Adulation-Disparagement. 

court'-ier-ly.  Like  a  courtier.  Adulation-Dispar- 
agement. 

court'-ly.  Elegant  in  manners.  Society-Ludicrous- 
ness. 


court'-ship.  The  time  of  wooing.  Blandishment, 
Love-Hate. 

cous'-in.  One  descended  from  a  common  ancestor,  but 
not  a  brother  or  sister.  Relationship;  first  cousin, 
Relationship;  second  cousin,  Relationship; 
cousin  once  removed,  Relationship;  cousin  twice 
removed,  Relationship. 

cous'-in-hood.  Relationship  of  cousins.  Relation- 
ship. 

co&te-que-cotite  [F.]  (cut-ke-cut) .  Cost  what  it  may. 
Certainty-Doubt,  Determination-Vacillation, 
Volition-Obligation. 

cove.  A  small  bay  or  bay-like  recess.  Con- 
tents-Receiver, Convexity -Concavity,  Gulf- 
Plain. 

cov'-e-nant.  A  compact.  Contract,  Modification, 
Security,  Terms. 

Cov'-en-try.  A  town  of  Warwickshire,  England. 
Earl  of  Coventry,  Entertainment-Weariness; 
send  to  Coventry,  Admission-Expulsion,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit, Sociability-Privacy. 

cov'-er.  To  overspread;  screen;  compensate  for;  to 
accomplish;  to  put  one's  hat  on;  a  defense.  Clean- 
ness-Filthiness,  Conservation,  Compensation, 
Cover-Lining,  Dress-Undress,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,      ExPOSURE-HlDINGPLACE,      PeRFORATOR- 

Stopper,  Security-Insecurity;  cover  with  dust, 
Cleanness-Filthiness;  under  cover,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Security-Insecurity,  Truthful- 
ness-Falsehood. 


COVER— LINING. 


Cover.       (  That  which  fits  over,  encloses,  or  protects  anything. 

Covering .) 

Incrustation.     A  covering  over  with  a  crust. 

Integument.!  An  inner  lining;   that  which  protects  the  inner  parts. 

Tegument.    J       as  against  the  outside. 

Cover — Denotations,  etc. 

Anointing.     The  act  of  covering  with  oil,  especially  for  consecration. 

See  Verbs. 
Awning.     A  roof -like  cover  for  protection  from  the  sun,  or  rain. 
Bandage.     A  strip  of  woven  material  for  binding  up  wounds. 
Bark.     The  exterior  covering  of  the  trunk  and  branches  of  a  tree. 

SfdTi"'}  A  bed-cover. 

Blanket.    ) 

Canopy.     A  roof-like  covering. 

Capsule.  A  gelatinous  envelope  in  which  nauseous  doses  of  medi- 
cine are  enclosed. 

Case.     A  box  or  covering. 

Casing.     An  outside  covering. 

Ceiling.     The  inside  lining  of  a  roof  overhead. 

Cerement.     A  wrapping  for  the  dead:  was  originally  of  wax  cloth. 

Clothing.     Covering  for  the  body.     See  Dress. 

Coat.     An  article  of  clothing  covering  the  upper  part  of  the  body. 

Coating.     A  layer  of  any  substance,  as  a  cover  or  protection. 

Cod.     A  husk  or  pod.  * 

Compo.     Composition  for  plastering. 

Cornshuck.     The  husk  which  covers  the  ear  of  corn. 

Cortex.     Bark,  as  of  a  tree 

Counterpane .     A  coverlet  for  a  bed . 

Covercle.     A  small  cover. 

Coverlet.     The  uppermost  cover  of  a  bed  or  any  piece  of  furniture. 

Crust.     The  hard  external  covering  of  anything. 

Cuticle.     The  outer  skin. 

Door.  A  barrier  by  which  an  entrance  into  a  house  is  closed  and 
opened. 

Dossil.     A  covering  for  a  wound,  originally  a  plug  or  spiggot. 

Drugget.     A  coarse  cloth  used  as  a  covering  for  carpets. 

Egg-shell.     The  shell  of  an  egg. 

Eiderdown.  The  down  of  the  eider,  used  as  a  stuffing  for  coverlets, 
etc. 

Elytron.     One  of  the  broad  dorsal  scales  of  certain  worms. 

Enamel.  A  material  applied  to  metals  to  form  a  surface  for  paint- 
ing. 

Engobe .     A  paste  covering  for  inferior  pottery. 

Envelope.     A  paper  case  or  wrapper. 


Coating,  etc.     That  with  which  anything  is  covered,  etc.     See  Cover. 

Filling.     Something  used  to  fill  a  hole. 

Lining.     The  inside  covering  of  a  thing. 

Padding.     Any  material  used  for  stuffing. 

Stuffing.     A  substance  used  for  filling  up  empty  space. 

Wadding.     Cotton  put  up  in  sheets;  innercoating. 

Li  n  i  n  G — Denotations. 
Parietes.     The  walls  of  the  cavities  of  the  body. 
Stalactite.     A  conical  formation  projecting  downward  from  the  top 

of  a  cave. 
Stalagmite.     A  conical  formation  projecting  upward  from  the  floor  of 

a  cave. 
Wainscot.     A  lining  for  inner  walls. 
Wall.     The  partition  between  rooms  of  a  house. 

Lining — Verbs. 

Fill.     To  make  full. 

Incrust.     To  cover  with  a  crust  or  hard  substance. 

Line.     To  cover  the  inside. 

Pad.     To  put  padding  in  or  on. 

Wad.     To  stuff  with  wadding. 

Lining — Adjectives. 
Lined,  etc.     Covered  with  a  lining,  etc.     See  Verbs. 


COVER — Denotations — Continued. 

Epidermis.     The  outer  skin. 

Facing.     The  covering  plate  or  layer  for  protection 
Fell.     A  growth  of  hair. 
Finger-stall.     A  cover  to  protect  a  finger. 
Fleece.     The  woolly  covering  of  a  sheep. 
Fur.     The  soft,  fine  coat  of  many  mammals. 
Ground.     The  first  coat  or  cover  of  paint  on  a  surface. 
Hide.     The  skin  of  a  large  animal 
Housing.     Shelter  from  the  weather. 

Incrustation.     A  crust  or  coat  of  anything  on  the  surface  of  a  body. 
Inunction.     Anointment  with  oil. 
Involucrum.     A  sheath  at  the  base  of  a  flower. 
Leads.     Leaden  sheets  for  covering  a  roof. 
Leather.     The  skin  of  an  animal  when  tanned. 
Lid.     A  cover  for  a  vessel  or  utensil. 

Linoleum.     A  canvas  covered  with  a  linseed-oil  preparation,  used  as 
a  floor  covering. 


COVER. 


233 


COVETOUS. 


COVER — Denotations — Continued. 


Lint.     A  soft  down  used  for  covering  wounds. 

Marquee.     An  officer's  field-tent. 

Mask.     A  covering  for  the  face.     See  Disclosure-IIidingplace. 

Obduction.     Act  of  drawing  over,  as  a  covering. 

Ointment.     Oil  placed  upon  the  head  as  a  mark  of  consecration.    See 

Pulpiness-Oil. 
Operculum.     A  lid,  or  lid-like  part  of  an  organ  of  the  body. 
Paint.     A  solid  color  or  pigment  intended  as  a  surf  ace -coating. 
Pantile.     A  tile.  . 
Parasol.     A  small,  light  umbrella  for  protection  against  the  sun's 

rays. 

Pavement.     A  hard  surface -covering  for  a  floor  or  roadway. 

Peel.     The  natural  coating  of  certain  kinds  of  fruit. 

Pellicle.     A  thin  skin  or  film. 

Pelt.     An  undressed  fur -skin. 

Peltry.     Pelts  collectively. 

Pentile.     See  Pantile. 

Plaister  1 

p.  'r  A  composition  of  lime  and  sand  for  coating  walls. 

Pod.     A  seed-vessel  or  capsule  of  a  plant. 

Purdah.     A  curtain  or  screen  used  in  Eastern  countries  to  seclude 

women  of  rank. 
Quilt.     A  bed-covering. 

Rind.     The  coating  of  certain  kinds  of  fruit. 
Roof.     The  cover  of  a  house. 
Rug.     A  heavy  textile  covering  for  a  floor. 
Scale.     One  of  the   thin,  flat  bony  outgrowths  from  the  skin  of 

various  vertebrates.     See  Lamina. 
Scarf-skin.     The  outer  skin. 

Shagreen.     The  skin  of  various  sharks,  rays,  and  other  fishes. 
Sheath.     A  case  into  which  a  blade  is  thrust;  the  covering  of  the 

fruit  of  some  plants. 


Sheathing.     That  which  forms  a  sheath  or  covering. 

Shed.     A  slight  temporary  covering.     See  Dweller-Habitation. 

Sheet.     A  bed-cover. 

Shell.     A  hard  structure  encasing  an  animal,  as  the  oyster. 

Shield.     A  defensive  covering  for  the  body.     See  Defense. 

Skin.    The  covering  of  an  animal's  body. 

o,    .        |  Slate  used  for  roofing  purposes. 

Sunshade.     A  light  umbrella  for  protection  against  the  sun. 

Superposition.     Act  of  placing  one  thing  over  or  on  top  of  another. 

Stucco.     A  fine  plaster. 

Tarpaulin.     A  water-proof  canvas  for  covering  merchandise. 

Tent.     A  shelter  made  of  canvas  supported  on  poles. 

Tente  d'abri  [P.].     A  shelter  tent. 

Thatch.     A  covering  of  reeds,  flags,  or  straw. 

Theca.     A  sheath  or  case. 

Tile.     A  thin  piece  of  baked  clay  for  covering  roofs,  floors,  etc. 

Tiling,     A  roofing  or  flooring  of  tile. 

Tilt.     A  canvas  cover,  as  a  tent  or  awning. 

Top.     The  cover,  as  of  a  carriage. 

Umbrella.  A  cloth  supported  on  a  frame  of  wires  for  protection 
against  the  rain. 

Varnish.  A  resinous  solution  to  produce  a  shining,  hard  coating  on 
paints.     See  Pulpiness-Rosin. 

Veil.  A  piece  of  light,  thin  cloth  worn  over  the  face.  See  Lumi- 
nary-Shade. 

Veneer.  A  thin  layer  orcover  of  rare  material,  as  ivory,  mother-of- 
pearl,  etc. 

Vesicle.     A  small  bladder-like  covering. 

Whitewash.     A  coating  of  slaked-lime. 


Wrapper.   \  . 
Wrapping.  J  M 


case  or  covering. 


Cover — Scientific  Terms. 

Conchology.     The  branch  of  zoology  treating  of  mollusks  in  refer-        Dermatology, 
ence  to  their  shells.  m 

Cover — Verbs. 


The  science  of  the  skin  and  its  diseases. 


Anoint.     To  put  ointment  on ;  to  consecrate  by  pouring  oil  on. 

Bedaub.     To  spot  or  splatter  through  carelessness  or  lack  of  skill. 

Besmear.     To  spread  a  thick  or  viscous  substance  over. 

Bind.     To  put  covers  on,  as  on  a  book. 

Cap.     To  cover  the  top  of. 

Case.     To  put  into  a  case. 

Coat.     To  spread  with  something. 

Conceal,  etc.     To  put  out  of  sight,  etc.     See  Secrecy. 

Cover.     To  put  a  lid  or  cover  on. 

Dab.     To  spread  over  by  striking  gently. 

Do  over.     To  spread  on  the  surface. 

Enamel.     To  cover  with  enamel. 

Endome.     To  cover  with  a  dome. 

Face.     To  put  an  outer  covering  on  for  ornament  or  protection. 

Gild.     To  cover  with  gold  or  gold-colored  substance. 

Incase.     To  put  into  a  case. 

Incrust.     To  cover  with  a  crust  or  hard  coat. 

Japan.     To  cover  with  a  hard  brilliant  varnish. 


Lacker. 


To  cover  or  decorate  with  lacquer. 


Lacquer. 

Lay  it  on  thick.     To  apply  a  thick  cover  or  coating. 


Armor-plated.     Faced  with  armor  plate. 

Cortical.     Pertaining  to  the  bark. 

Covered,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Covering,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Cutaneous.     Pertaining  to  the  skin. 

Cuticular.     Pertaining  to  the  outer  coat  of  the  skin. 

Dermal.     Pertaining  to  the  lower  layer  of  the  skin. 

Encuirassed.      Covered  with  a  hard  surface  or  hard  plates. 


Overarch.     To  put  an  arch  over. 
Overlay.     To  put  a  layer  on. 
Overlie.     To  lie  upon. 
Overspread.     To  spread  upon  or  over. 
Paint.     To  spread  paint  upon. 
Paper.     To  fasten  paper  on. 

Pave.     To  cover  a  walk  or  road  with  a  hard  surface. 
Pay.     To  coat  with  water-proof  composition. 
Plaster.     To  cover  with  plaster. 
Plate.     To  overlay  with  a  thin  layer  of  metal. 
Stucco.     To  cover  with  fine  plaster. 
Superimpose.!  To  j      on  somethi      else_ 
Superpose.      > 
Tar.     To  coat  with  tar. 

Tip.     To  cover  the  tip  of  anything  with  a  substance. 
Varnish.     To  apply  varnish  to. 

Veneer.     To  overlay  with  some  material   for  ornament  or  protec- 
tion. 
Wash.     To  overlay  with  a  metal  by  use  of  a  liquid. 
Whitewash.     To  cover  with  some  white  liquid. 
Wrap,  etc.     To  enclose  in  paper,  or  other  substance,  etc.     See  Dress. 


Cover — Adjectives. 


Imbricated.     Covered  with  overlapping  scales. 

Ironclad.     Covered  with  iron. 

Loricated.     Covered  with  a  shell  or  plates. 

Scaly.     Covered  with  scales. 

Skinny.  Lacking  in  flesh  to  make  the  form  plump;  covered  with  skin. 

Squamous.     Covered  with  scales. 

Tegumentary.     Resembling  a  tegument. 

Under  cover.     Covered. 


cov'-er-cle.     A  lid.     Cover-Lining. 

cov'-ered.     Enwrapped.     Cover-Lining. 

cov'-er-ing.     That  which  covers.     Cover-Lining. 

cov'-er-let.     A  quilt.     Cover-Lining. 

Cov'-er-ley.     The  chief  character  in  the  club  professing 

to    write    the    Spectator.       Sir    Roger  de   Coverley, 

Entertainment-Weariness. 
cov'-ert.        Something     that      shelters     or      defends. 

Dweller-Habitation,      Manifestation-Latency, 


Refuge-Pitfall,    Visibility-Invisibility;     covert 

way,  Way. 
coverte,  feme  [F.]    (cuv'-ert,  fem).     A  married  woman. 

Matrimony-Celibacy. 
cov'-er-ture.     Marriage.     Matrimony-Celibacy. 
cov'-et.     To  have  inordinate  or  unlawful  desire  for. 

Desire-Distaste,  Pardon-Envy. 
cov-et-ing!    Desiring.     Desire-Distaste. 
cov'-et-ous.     Miserly.     Extravagance-Avarice. 


COVETOUSNESS. 


234 


CRAFT— ARTLESSNESS. 


cov'-et-ous-ness.     Avarice.     Desire-Distaste. 

cov'-ey.  A  flock.  Gathering-Scattering,  Multi- 
plicity-Paucity. 

cov'-in.  Swindle.  Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

cov'-in-ous.  Fraudulent.  Truthfulness-Falsehood, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

cow.  To  intimidate;  the  female  of  domestic  cattle  and 
other  animals.  Fauna-Flora,  Male-Female,  San- 
guineness-Timidity. 

cow'-ard.  One  who  shrinks  from  duty  or  danger. 
Bravery-Cowardice. 

cow'-ard-ice.  The  state  or  condition  of  being  a  coward. 
Bravery-Cowardice. 

cow'-ard-ly.     Timid.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

cow'-er.  To  quail.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Elevation- 
Depression,  Presumption-Obsequiousness,  San- 
guinen:;ss-Timidity. 

cow'-herd".  A  cow-tender.  Domestication-Agricul- 
ture. 

cow'-hide".  A  coarse  riding-whip.  Recompense- 
Scourge. 

cow'-house".     A  cow-stable.     Dweller-Habitation. 

cow'-keep"-er.  A  cowherd.  Domestication-Agri- 
culture. 

cowl.    A  monk's  hood.    Vestments. 

co"-work'-er.    A  fellow  worker.    Agent. 

cow'-shed".  Place  for  cattle.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

cox'-comb".  A  fop.  Conceit-Diffidence,  Society- 
Dandy. 

cox'-comb"-ry.  Foppishness.  Conceit-Diffidence, 
Society-Affectai  .on. 

cox'-swain.  One  who  steers  or  has  charge  of  a  rowboat. 
Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

coy.  Shy.  Conceit-Diffidence,  Sanguineness- 
Timidity. 

coz'-en.    To  cheat.    Truthfulness-Fraud. 

coz'-en-age.     Deceit.    Truthfulness-Falsehood. 


cozy.     Snugly  comfortable.      Sensuality-Suffering. 

Sociability-Privacy. 
crab.     Sour.     Sweetness-Acidity;     crablike  motion, 

Advance-Retrogression. 
crab'-bed.      Sour- tempered ;   abstruse;   cramped;   sour. 

Clearness-Obscurity,    Difficulty-Facility,    Fa- 

VORITE-MOROSENESS,    PERSPICUITY-OBSCURITY,    Po- 

liteness-Impoliteness,  Sweetness- Acidity. 

crab'-like.    Like  a  crab.    Aim-Aberration. 

crack.  To  split;  snap;  a  peculiar  tone  of  the  voice, 
first-class;  to  boast.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Bragging,  Continuity-Interruption,  Crash- 
Drumming,  Eternity-Instantaneity,  Goodness- 
Badness,  Groove,  Interspace-Contact,  Manage- 
ment, Toughness-Brittleness,  Unioii-Disunion; 
crack  a  bottle,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Sociability- 
Privacy,  Teetotalism-Int::mperance;  crack  a  joke, 
Wittiness-Dulness;  crack  of  doom,  Beginning- 
End,  Creation-Destruction,  Future-Past;  crack 
one's  invention,  Fancy;  crack  sliot,  Adept-Bungler. 

crack'-brained" .     Weak-minded.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

cracked.  Discordant;  insane;  broken.  Cacophony, 
Faultlessness  -  Faultiness,  Saneness  -  Lunacy  ; 
cracked  bell,  Resonance-Nonresonance;  cracked 
voice,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

crack'-er.  A  person  or  thing  that  cracks.  Crash- 
Drumming. 

crack'-le.  To  produce  light  cracking  sounds.  Crash- 
Drumming. 

cracks'-man.     A  burglar.     Adept-Bungler,  Robber. 

cra'-dle.  A  rocking  or  swinging  bed,  for  an  infant;  a 
place  of  birth.  Beginning-End,  Cause-Effect, 
Contents-Receiver,  Establishment-Removal, In- 
fancy-Age, Obstruction-Help,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation,  Suspension-Support;  in  the  cradle, 
Infant- Veteran. 

craft.  Cunning  or  skill;  a  vessel  or  vessels;  a  trade. 
Conveyance-Vessel,  Craft-Artlessness,  Occupa- 
tion, Skill-Unskilfulness. 


CRAFT— ARTLESSNESS. 


Archness.     The  quality  of  being  cunning  or  sly. 

Artful  dodge.     Act  of  evading  by   some  skilful  movement. 

Artifice.     An  elaborate  trick. 

Artificiality .     The  quality  of  being  cunning  or  artful. 

Backstairs  influence.   Underhand  scheming  at  court.  [Burke,  i,  131.] 

Chicane.     Artifice  to  hide  the  truth. 

Circumvention.  Taking  .advantage  of  others'  weakness  in  dealing 
with  them. 

Concealment,  etc.  Act  of  keeping  unknown.  See  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy. 

Craft.  I  Skill  employed  to  effect  purposes  by  deceit  or  shrewd 

Craftiness.!       devices.     See  Adjectives. 

Cunning.  !  ^^  Q^  usjng  stratagem  to  accomplish  a  purpose. 

Device.     Scheme. 

Diplomacy.      Dexterity  or  skill  in  securing  advantages. 

Dodge.     A  low  trick. 

Duplicity,  etc.  The  habit  of  pretending  to  act  from  motives  different 
from  the  real  motives,  etc.     See  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

Espieglerie  [F.].     Playful  trick. 

Evasion.     The  practise  of  avoiding  something  in  a  tricky  way 

Finesse.     Acute  and  unscrupulous  artifice. 

Foul  play.     Unfair  means. 

Goby.     Artifice. 

Guile.     Disposition  to  defraud. 

Jobbery.     Low  political  intriguing. 

Juggle.    \Deception. 

Jugglery. 1 

Knavery.     The  practise  of  fraud  and  artifice. 

Machiavelism.      Craftiness  in  statesmanship. 

Machination,  etc.  Wicked  plotting  against  the  life  and  interests  of 
another,  etc.     See  Design. 

Maneuver,  etc.  Skilful  management  without  the  intention  of  de- 
ceiving, etc.     See  Verbs.  # 

Maneuvering,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Plot,  etc.     Union  of  men  for  purposes  of  mischief,  etc.     See  Design. 


Abandon  [F.].     Absence  of  conventionality. 

Artlessness,  etc.  Freedom  from  artful  practises,  etc.  See  Adjec- 
tives. 

Bonhomie  [F.].     Pleasantness  of  manner. 

Candor.     Fairness  of  mind  towards  ourselves  and  others. 

E"panchement  [F.].      Effusion. 

Honesty,  etc.  Straightforwardness  of  speech  and  conduct,  etc.  See 
Uprightness. 

Innocence,  etc.     The  quality  of  not  injuring,  etc.     See  Innocence. 

Naivete"  [F.].     Frankness  of  manner. 

Nature.     Quality  or  disposition  of  the  mind. 

Plain  speaking.     Openness  of  speech  or  dealings. 

Simplicity.     Freedom  from  cunning. 

Sincerity.     The  quality  of  speaking  only  what  we  think. 

Singleness  of  heart,     j  Freedom  {rom  duplic!ty. 

Singleness  of  purpose.  > 

Artlessness — Denotations. 

Enfant  terrible  [F.].     A  child  that  asks  ill-timed  questions. 
he  palais  de  veriU  [F.[|.     The  palace  of  truth. 
Rough  diamond.     A  rude  but  worthy  person. 

Artlessness — Verbs. 
Be  artless,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  be  free  with  one,  to  speak  frankly 
to;  call  a  spade  a  spade,  to  talk  in  unmistakable  words:  look  one 
in  the  face,  to  act  as  if  telling  the  truth;  speak  one's  mind;  speak 
out;  think  aloud,  to  tell  everything  one  thinks;  wear  one's  heart 
upon  his  sleeves  for  the  daws  to  peck  at,  to  be  too  frank. 

Art* lessnbss — A  djectives. 
Arcadian.     Simple,  like  the  Arcadians. 
Artless.     Not  given  to  the  practise  of  artifices. 
Blunt.     Purposely  rough  in  speech  or  conduct. 
Candid.     Characterized  by  candor. 
Direct.      Not  ambiguous. 
Downright.     Undisguised. 


CRAFT. 


235 


CRAFT. 


CRAFT— ARTLESSNESS— Continued. 


Ruse.     Petty  artifice. 

Ruse  de  guerre  [F.-].     Stratagem  in  war. 

Shift.     An  irregular  but  only  temporary  invasion. 

Sideblow.     An  unexpected  or  concealed  blow. 

Stratagem.  A  plot  or  plan  so  disguised  as  to  cause  another  to  mis- 
judge. 

Subterfuge.     A  tricky  means  of  escaping  from  something. 

Subtlety.  Craft  added  to  an  ability  to  analyze  and  use  the  advan- 
tageous. 

Temporization.     Forbearance  to  act  for  fear  of  losing. 

Thin  edge  of  the  wedge.  Small  beginning  which  will  have  a  great 
ending. 

Tour  de  force  [F.].     A  feat  of  strength. 

Trick.  Deception  of  the  senses  for  personal  gain  or  for  incon- 
venience of  others. 

Trickery,  etc.     See  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

Tricks  of  the  trade.    Deception  of  business. 

Tricks  upon  travelers.     Deception  played  on  strangers. 

White  lie.  A  lie  which  causes  no  injury.  See  Falsehood-Fabrica- 
tion. 

Wile.     Guile. 

Craft — Figurative  Terms. 

Net.      Complicated  scheming. 

Trap,  etc.  Scheme  for  taking  advantage  of  another,  etc.  See 
Truthpulness-Fraud. 

Craft — Denotations . 

Politics.     Political  wire-pulling;  trickery. 
Sleuth.     Track  of  anything  followed  by  the  scent. 

Craft — Cunning  Persons. 

Fox.     A  sly  animal;  hence,  figuratively,  a  crafty  person. 

Intrigant  [F.].     One  who  intrigues. 

Jew.  One  of  the  Hebrew  race,  noted  for  craftiness  in  business; 
hence,  any  crafty  person. 

Machiavel.  An  Italian  author  who  advocated  unscrupulous  prin- 
ciples in  a  work,  Del  Principe;  hence,  any  double-dealing  person. 

Reynard.     A  fox;  hence,  a  crafty  person. 

Scotchman.  A  native  of  Scotland,  noted  for  shrewdness;  hence,  a 
shrewd  person. 

Sly  boots.     A  roguish,  sly  person. 

Ulysses.     A  crafty  Greek  in  the  Trojan  war;  hence,  a  crafty  person. 

Yankee.  A  native  of  New  England,  noted  for  his  shrewdness;  hence, 
anyone  displaying  this  quality  of  the  Yankee. 

Yorkshireman.  An  inhabitant  of  Yorkshire,  noted  for  cunning; 
hence,  any  shrewd  person. 

Craft — Verbs. 

Circumvent.  To  take  advantage  of  another's  weakness  or  inexperi- 
ence, etc.,  in  dealing  with  him. 

Contrive,  etc.     To  find  a  means  to  an  end,  etc.     See  Design. 

Double.     To  deal  falsely. 

Finesse.     To  practise  finesse. 

Flatter.     To  give  excessive  praise  to. 

Intrigue.     To  plot  or  scheme. 

Maneuver.     To  plan  or  manage  skilfully  without  trying  to  deceive. 

Overreach,  etc.     To  cheat,  etc.     See  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

Surprise,  etc.  To  lead  one  into  something  unawares,  etc.  See  Ex- 
pectation-Surprise. 

Temporize.     To  refrain  from  acting  for  fear  of  losing. 

Undermine .     To  ruin  in  an  unfair  way. 

Waylay.     To  lie  in  wait  for. 

Craft — Verbal  Expressions. 

Ambiguas  in  vulgum  spargere  voces  [L.],  to  give  doubtful  reports  to 
the  people;  be  cunning,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  diamond  cut  dia- 
mond, to  contend  with  an  equal;  have  cut  one's  eyeteeth,  to  have 
become  knowing  or  crafty;  introduce  the  thin  end  of  the  wedge, 
to  make  a  beginning  which  shall  lead  to  something  greater;  live  by 
one's  wits,  to  be  without  regular  employment;  make  things 
pleasant;  playa  deep  game,  to  deal  very  craftily;  play  tricks  with; 
reculer  pour  mieux  sauter  [F.],  to  go  back  to  take  a  better  leap; 
snatch  a  verdict,  to  get  a  verdict  by  resorting  to  any  available 
means;  steal  a  march  upon,  to  take  an  advantage  unobserved; 
stoop  to  conquer,  to  condescend  in  order  to  make  some  gain; 
throw  off  one's  guard,  to  cause  to  lose  one's  watchfulness. 

Craft — A  djectives . 

Acute.     Quick  to  see  and  understand. 
Arch.     Roguish. 
Artful.     Full  of  art. 


ARTLESSNESS— Adjectives— Continued. 

Frank.     Free  from  restraint  in  expressing  thoughts  and  feelings. 

Guileless.     Free  from  guile. 

Honest,  etc.     Not  exhibiting  any  deceit,  etc.     See  Uprightness. 

Inartificial.      Natural. 

Inginu  [F.].     Artless. 

Ingenuous.     Not  acting  or  speaking  in  disguise. 

Innocent,  etc.     Simple,  etc.     See  Innocence. 

Waive.     Frank. 

Native.     Simple;  sincere. 

Natural.     Without  affectation. 

Open.     Not  reserved. 

Plain.     Free  from  anything  which  will  hide  the  nature  or  meaning 

of  anything. 
Pure.     Perfect  in  moral  cleanliness. 
Simple.     Acting  as  without  a  knowledge  of  the  world. 
Sincere.     Marked  by  sincerity. 
Straightforward.      Honest. 
Unaffected.     Not  affected. 
Undesigning.     Not  designing. 
Unflattering.     Not  flattering. 
Unpoetical.     Plain. 
Unreserved.     Frank. 
Unsophisticated.     Simple. 
Untutored.     Uneducated. 

Artlessness — Adjective  Expressions. 

Above-board,  open;  frank-hearted,  free-spoken;  matter-oi-fact, 
adhering  to  facts;  open  as  day;  open-hearted;  outspoken;  plain- 
spoken;  simple-hearted;  simple-minded;  single-hearted;  single- 
minded. 

Artlessness — Adverbs. 

In  plain  English;  in  plain  words;  not  to  mince  the  matter,  etc.  (see 
Assertion)  ;  without  mincing  the  matter,  to  use  plain  language. 

Artlessness — Phrases. 

Davus  sum  non  CEdipus  [L.].   I  am  Davus,  not  CEdipus;    plain  man, 

not  a  guesser  of  Sphinx's  riddles.     [Terence,  Andria,  I,  ii,  23.] 
hiberavi  animam  meam  [L.].     I  have  freed  my  soul. 


CRAFT — Adjectives — Continued. 

Artificial.     Affected;  unnatural. 
Astute.     Characterized  by  acuteness  and  finesse. 
Canny.     Cautious. 
Contriving.     Planning. 
Crafty.     Displaying  craft. 
Crooked.     Deceitful  and  dishonest. 
Cunning.     Possessing  cunning. 

Deceitful,  etc.     Full  of  deceit,  etc.     See  Truthfulness-Fraud. 
Deep.     Not  easily  seen  into. 
Designing.     Laying  artful  plans  for  the  future. 
Diplomatic.     Marked  by  diplomacy. 
Feline.     Sly  like  a  cat. 

Insidious.     Practising  underhandedness  while  appearing  friendly. 
Intriguing,  etc.     Practising  intrigue,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Knowing.     Possessing  more  knowledge  of  some  kinds  than  is  desir- 
able. 
Leery.-    Shrewd  and  sly. 

Machiavelian.     Practising  the  principles  of  Machiavel. 
Pawky.     Arch. 
Politic.     Self-seeking. 
Profound.      Deep. 
Sharp.     Quickness  to  perceive. 
Shrewd.     Slightly  acute. 
Skilful,  etc.     Using  skill,  etc.     See  Skill. 
Sly.     Observing  and  acting  in  a  furtive  manner. 
Stealthy.     Sly. 

Strategic .     Marked  by  stratagem. 
Subdolous.     Somewhat  crafty. 
Subtle.     Exhibiting  subtlety. 
Tactical.     Strategic. 

TrickS7*}  Given  to  playing  tricks- 

Underhand,     etc.     Private,     secret,     etc.     See     Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 
Vulpine.     Foxlike. 
Wily.     Showing  guile. 


CRAFT. 


236 


CRASH— DRUMMING. 


Cunning  as  a  fox,  cunning  as  a  serpent,  extremely  cunning;  deep  laid; 
not  to  be  caught  with  chaff,  not  to  be  easily  deceived;  sharp  as  a 
needle;  time-serving,  seeking  personal  advancement  by  sacrificing 


CRAFT— Continued. 
Crapt — Adjective  Expressions. 

good  moral  principles;  too  clever  by  half;  up  to  snuff, not  imposed 
upon. 


Cunningly,  etc.     In  a  cunning  manner,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
By  a  side  wind,  indirectly;  on  the  sly,  slyly. 

A  bis  ou  a  blanc  [P.].     In  one  way  or  another. 


Craft — Adverbs 

Slyly.     In  a  sly  manner. 

Craft — Phrases. 

Fin  contre  fin  [F.].     Cunning  matched  against  cunning. 


craft'-i-ness.  Cunning.  Craft-Artlessness,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness. 

crafts'-man.    A  member  of  a  craft.    Agent. 

craft'-y.     Cunning.     Craft-Artlessness. 

crag.  A  rough,  steep,  or  broken  rock  rising  or  jutting 
out  prominently.  Hardness-Softness,  Ocean- 
Land,  Sharpness-Bluntness. 

crag'-gy.  Full  of  crags.  Roughness-Smoothness, 
Sharpness-Bluntness. 

craig.     A  crag.     Height-Lowness. 

crake.     A  boast.     Bragging. 

cram.  To  crowd;  to  force  into  the  mind;  to  eat  with 
greediness.  Aperture-Closure,  Education-Learn- 
ing, Education-Misteaching,  Enlargement-Dim- 
inution, Fasting-Gluttony,  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing; cram  down  the  throat,  Coercion,  Faith-Mis- 
giving. 

crambe  repetita  [L.]  (cram'-bl  rep-e-tai'-to.) .  Warmed 
over;  an  old  story.  Desire-Repletion,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 

crammed.  Stuffed.  Entirety-Deficiency;  crammed 
to  overflowing,  Excess-Lack. 

cram'-mer.     A  lie.     Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

cramp.  To  hold  tightly;  to  restrain;  an  involuntary, 
painful,  muscular  contraction.  Connective,  En- 
largement-Diminution, Greatness-Littleness, 
Might-Impotence,  Obstruction-Help,  Sensual- 
ity-Suffering, Strength-Weakness. 

cramped.     Inelegant;  crude.     Purity-Crudeness. 

cran.  A  quantity  equal  to  the  contents  of  a  barrel. 
Contents- Receiver. 


cranch.  To  crush  or  grind  audibly.  Friability, 
Nutriment-Excretion,  Union-Disunion. 

crane.  A  hoisting-machine.  Angularity,  Elevation- 
Depression;    crane    neck,    Curvation-Rectiline- 

ARITY. 

cra"-ni-ol'-o-gy.  The  science  that  treats  of  the  charac- 
teristics of  skulls.    Mind-Imbecility. 

cra"-ni-os'-co-py.  Study  of  the  form  of  the  skull. 
Mind-Imbecility. 

cra'-ni-um.    The  brain-box.    Mind-Imbecility. 

crank.  A  device  for  causing  rotation  of  an  axis;  one 
who  lacks  mental  balance.  Instrument,  Recom- 
pense-Scourge,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

cran'-kle.    To  crinkle.    Plicature. 

crank'-ling.    Crinkled.    Smoothness-Roughness. 

cranks,  quips  and  gibes.    Jokes.    Wittiness-Dulness. 

crank'-y.  Mentally  unbalanced.  Health-Sickness, 
Strength- Weakness. 

cran'-ny.  A  small,  narrow  opening.  Interspace- 
Contact. 

crape.  A  thin  gauze-like  material.  Circle-Winding, 
Jubilation-Lamentation. 

crap'-u-len-cy.  Surfeit.  Fasting-Gluttony,  Modera- 
tion -  Selfindulgence,  Teetotalism  -  Intemper- 
ance. 

crap'-u-lent.    Drunken.    Fasting-Gluttony. 

crap'-u-lous.  Drunken.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Mod- 
eration-Selfindulgence.Teetotalism-Intemper- 
ance. 

crash.  To  dash  in  pieces  noisily.  Crash-Drumming, 
Creation-Destruction,  Impetus-Reaction. 


CRASH— DRUMMING. 


Burst.     A  sudden  explosion. 

Crepitation.     Succession  of  quick  sharp  sounds. 

Decrepitation.     A  crackling  noise  caused  by  heating. 

Detonation.     Explosion  of  gases. 

Discharge.     A  firing,  as  of  a  gun. 

Explosion.     A  bursting  with  violence  and  loud  noise. 

Firing.     The  discharge  of  firearms. 

Rapping,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Report.     An  explosive  sound. 

Salvo.     Simultaneous  discharge  of  artillery. 

Snap,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Thud.     A  dull  heavy  sound. 

Volley.     Simultaneous  discharge  of  firearms. 

Crash — Nouns  of  Agency. 

Cracker.     Anything  that  cracks,  as  a  Chinese  fire-cracker. 
Gun.     A  metal  tube  for  firing  projectiles  by  the  force  of  powder. 
Pop-gun.     A  toy  gun  in  which  the  discharge  is  caused  by  com- 
pressed air. 
Squib.     A  roll  or  case  filled  with  powder,  as  for  blasting. 

Crash — Verbs. 

Bang.     To  hit  roughly ;  to  make  a  loud  noise. 

Brustle.     To  crackle;  rustle. 

Burst  on  the  ear.    Suddenly  be  heard. 

Clap.     Strike  the  hands  together. 

Clash.     To  collide  with  a  loud  noise. 

Click.     To  produce  or  cause  to  make  a  short,  sharp  sound. 


Charivari  [F .].     An  uproar. 

Clutter.     A  confused  chattering. 

Cuckoo.     An  imitative  sound. 

Devil's  tattoo.     A  drumming  with  the  hands  or  feet. 

Ding-dong.     The  peal  of  a  bell. 

Drumming,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Peal  of  bells.     A  loud  musical  sounding  of  bells. 

Pitapat.     A  succession  of  light  taps  or  like  sounds. 

Quaver.     A  tremulous  unsteady  sound. 

Racket.     A  clattering  confused  prolonged  noise. 

Rat-a-tat.     Sound  of  repeated  knocking  or  beating. 

Repetition,  etc.     The  rapid  repercussion  of  a  chord  or  tone.     See 

Recurrence. 
Reverberation,   etc.     A   prolonged   resounding   or  echo,   etc.     See 

Resonance. 
Roll,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Rubadub.     The  sound  of  a  drum  when  beaten. 
Tantara.     Quick  succession  of  notes  upon  a  horn. 
Tattoo.     A  continuous  beating  or  drumming. 
Whir.     A  trilling  sound  without  musical  quality. 

Drumming — Verbs. 

Beat.     To  strike  repeatedly. 

Chime.     To  ring  in  harmony. 

Clack.     To  make  a  clapping,  rattling  noise. 

Clatter.     To  make  short  repeated  sounds. 

Din  in  the  ear.     To  disturb  with  a  noise. 

Drum.     To  beat  repeatedly  on  or  as  on  a  drum;  to  beat  a  drum 

Drum  in  the  ear.     Sound  persistently. 

Hum.   To  make  a  low  murmuring  sound ;  to  sing  softly  with  lips  closed 


CRASH. 


237 


CREATION— DESTRUCTION. 


CRASH—  DRUMMING—  Continued. 


CRASH— Verbs— Continued. 


Crack.     To  produce  a  forceful  quick  sound. 

Crackle.     To  crack  slightly  and  repeatedly. 

Crash.     To  dash  or  fall  in  pieces  with  a  violent  broken  sound. 

Knock.     Hit  with  something  hard;  to  strike  a  blow. 

Pop.     To  give  or  cause  to  give  forth  a  short  explosive  noise,  to  utter 

suddenly;  as  when  one  pops  corn,  or  pops  the  question. 
Rap.     To  strike  a  short  sharp  blow  upon;  to  knock. 
Slam.     To  strike  or  shut  with  violence. 
Snap.     To  make  or  cause  to  make  a  sharp  quick  sound,  as  by 

breaking. 
Tap.     To  hit  lightly. 


Crash  — A  djectives. 


Rapping,  etc.     See  Verbs. 


DRUMMING— Verbs— Continued. 

Patter.     To  make  a  succession  of  light  quick  sounds. 

Peal.     To  ring  out  in  a  loud  prolonged  tone. 

Rattle.     To  make  a  rapid  succession  of  hard,  sharp  sounds. 

Roll.     To  give  forth'  a  deep,  reverberating  sound. 

Rumble.     To  make  a  low,  heavy,  rolling  sound. 

Shake.     To  rattle. 

Tick.     To  make  a  light  clicking  sound. 

Toll.     To  ring  with  slow  measured  sounds. 

Trill.     To  give  forth  a  tremulous  vibrating  sound. 

Drumming — Adjectives. 

Like  a  bee  in  a  bottle.    Buzzing. 

Monotonous,  etc.     Repeated  until  tiresome,  etc. 

Rolling,  etc.     See  Verbs. 


See  Recurrence 


cra'-sis.  The  mixture  of  the  constituents  of  a  fluid;  the 
combination  of  two  vowels;  temperament.  Com- 
position-Resolution, Inclusion-Omission,  Sub- 
jectiveness-Objectiveness. 

crass.  Dense.  Magnitude-Smallness;  crass  igno- 
rance, Knowledge-Ignorance. 

crass'-i-tude.  Grossness.  Breadth -Narrowness, 
Viscidity-Foam. 

crate.  A  large  hamper  of  wickerwork  or  a  protective 
framework.  Contents-Receiver,  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

cra'-ter.  The  bowl-shaped  vent  of  a  volcano  or  hot- 
spring.  Convexity-Concavity,  Deepness-Shal- 
lowness. 

craunch.  To  crush  audibly.  Friability,  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion, Union-Disunion. 

cra-vat'.     A  neckcloth.     Dress-Undress. 

crave.  To  importune.  Desire-Distaste,  Petition- 
Expostulation. 

cra'-ven.  A  base  coward.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Yielding. 

cra'-ving.     Appetite.     Desire-Distaste. 

craw.     The  crop  of  a  bird.     Contents-Receiver. 

ci awl.  To  creep;  to  insinuate  oneself.  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness, Swiftness-Slowness. 

cray'-ons.  Drawings  executed  with  crayon.  Paint- 
ing. 


craze.     To  make  mad.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

crazed.     Maddened.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

cra'-zy.  Insane.  Saneness-Lunacy,  Strength- 
Weakness. 

creach'-y.     Liable  to  fall.     Strength-Weakness. 

creak.     A  sharp,  squeaking  sound.     Cacophony. 

cream.  The  light-yellow  substance  that  gathers  on 
milk;  the  best  part  of  anything.  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Goodness-Badness,  Pulpiness- 
Oil,  Viscidity-Foam;  cream  color,  Whiteness- 
Blackness,  Yellowness-Purple;  cream  of  the 
jest,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

cream'-y.  Resembling  or  containing  cream.  Vis- 
cidity-Foam, Whiteness-Blackness,  Yellowness- 
Purple. 

crease.  The  mark  of  a  wrinkle,  fold,  etc.  Plica- 
ture. 

cre-ate'.  To  cause  to  come  into  existence;  to  originate. 
Cause-Effect,  Creation-Destruction,  Divinity, 
Fancy. 

cre-a'-ted.     Produced.     Nature-Art. 

cre-a'-ted  be'-ing.  A  living  being  regarded  as  created. 
Fauna-Flora. 

cre-a'-tion.  The  act  of  God  in  bringing  the  universe 
into  existence;  production.  Cause-Effect,  Cre- 
ation-Destruction, Divinity,  Nature-Art,  Uni- 
verse; creation  of  beauty,  Nature-Art. 


CREATION— DESTRUCTION. 


Achievement.     The  act  of  successfully  performing. 

Architecture.  Construction  in  general;  specifically,  the  art  of  build- 
ing houses,  churches,  etc. 

Authorship.     The  act  of  being  an  author;  origination. 

Birth.     The  act  of  being  born;  beginning. 

Bringing  forth,  etc.     A  production,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Building.     The  act  of  erecting  or  establishing. 

Childbirth,     Act  of  bringing  forth  a  child. 

Coinage.     The  making  of  coins;  a  fabrication. 

Construction.  The  art  of  putting  together  materials  with  some  end 
in  view. 

Creation.     A  producing  out  of  nothing  or  out  of  existing  materials. 

Delivery.     Act  of  giving  birth  to. 

Development.     Growth  or  production. 

Eccaleobion.     Machine  for  hatching  eggs  artificially. 

Edification.     The  act  of  edifying;  a  building  up,  as  in  religion,  etc. 

Erection.     A  setting  up  and  fixing  in  a  given  place. 

Establishment.     Act  of  establishing,  of  fixing  permanently. 

Fabrication.  The  art  of  building  or  fashioning  in  any  way;  also,  a 
falsehood. 

Fecundation.     The  act  of  making  fertile  or  productive. 

Flowering.     Act  of  bringing  forth  flowers. 

Formation.      Process  of  making  or  combining  materials. 

Fructification.     A  making  of  fruit;  a  bringing  to  completion. 

Generation.     The  act  of  begetting  or  producing. 

Genesis.     A  birth. 

Geniture.      Generation;  creation. 

Gestation.     Act  of  bearing  offspring.      See  Preparation. 

Growth.      Production. 

impregnation.     Act  of  making  pregnant. 


Abolition.  The  act  of  putting  away,  of  putting  an  end  to,  as  of 
institutions,  customs,  and  conditions.  See  Commission-Abroga- 
tion. 

Annihilation.     Complete  destruction,  reduction  to  nothing. 

Bouleversement  [F.].     An  overturn. 

Break  down.     A  disabling  by  falling. 

lreak1upUP'}  A  dissolvins;  a  scattering. 

Commencement  de  la  -fin  [F.].     Beginning  of  the  end. 

Consumption.     Gradual  destruction  or  waste. 

Crash.     A  ruin;  a  failure  as  of  a  commercial  firm. 

Dibacle  [F.].     A  breaking  up. 

Dflabrement  [F.].     An  overthrow. 

Demolishment.     The  act  of  demolishing  or  destroying  by  tearing 

down. 
Demolition.     The  act  or  result  of  destroying  by  pulling  down. 
Desolation.     The  state  of  being  desolate,  or  deprived  of  inhabitants, 
Destroying,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Destruction.     A  bringing  into  ruin;  a  demolition. 
Destruction  of  life,  etc.     See  Life-Killing. 

Devastation.     Act  of  devastating;  of  laying  waste  by  any  means. 
Dilapidation,  etc.     State  of  being  dilapidated;  of  falling  into  partial 

ruin  through  neglect  or  misuse,  etc.,  as  of  stones  falling  away  in 

a  large  wall.    See  Betterment-Deterioration. 
Diruption.     A  disruption. 
Disorganization.     The    act    of    disorganizing;    destruction    of    the 

organic  union  of  parts. 
Disrupticn.     The  act  of  bursting  asunder;  a  breaking  up  into  pieces. 
Dissolution.     A  breaking  up;  a  melting;  disintegration. 
Doom.     Death  or  destruction. 


CREATION. 


238 


CREATION— DESTRUCTION. 


CREATION— DESTRUCTION— Continued. 


Incubation.     Hatching. 

Manufacture.     A  making  by  hand  or  machinery. 

Organization.  The  act  of  bringing  together  in  systematic  connec- 
tions for  working  purposes. 

"Parturition.     Act  of  giving  birth  to. 

Performance.     The  act  of  bringing  to  completion. 

Procreation.     Production  by  generation. 

Production.  The  act  of  obtaining  a  result  from  a  given  work;  of 
bringing  into  existence. 

Progeneration.     The  act  of  begetting. 

Propagation.  The  act  of  propagating;  of  causing  to  continue  or 
multiply. 

Publication.     Bringing  into  public  existence. 

Putting  together,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Workmanship.     The.  quality  of  work  in  respect  to  execution. 

Creation — Associated  Nouns. 
Birth  throe.     The  pains  attendant  upon  childbirth. 
Confinement.     Accouchement. 
Labor.     The  pains  of  childbirth. 
Midwifery.     The  practise  of  assisting  at  childbirth. 
Nisus  formativus  [L.].     The  formative  labor. 
Travail.     The  pains  of  childbirth. 

Creation — Scientific  Terms, 
Abiogenesis.     Genesis  of  living  matter  without  intervention  of  living 

organism. 
Archebiosis.     Origination  of  living  matter  from  non-living. 
Archegenesis.     Spontaneous  generation. 
Biogenesis.     Production  of  life  from  life. 
Epigenesis.     The  theory  of  generation  which  holds  that  the  germ  is 

created  entirely  new;  view  opposed  to  evolution. 
Evolution.     The  process  of  growth. 
Homogenesis.     The  method  of  reproduction  by  which  successive 

generations  are  alike  and  run  through  the  same  cycles. 
Obstetrics.     That  branch  of  medicine  which  has  to  do  with  childbirth 

and  the  care  of  the  mother. 
Spontaneous  generation.     The  theory  that  living  matter  is  produced, 

from  non-living. 
Xenogenesis.     The    production    of    one    organism    from    another 

organism. 

Creation — Nouns  of  Result. 

Building.     That  which  is  built. 

Edifice.     A  structure  distinguished  for  dignity  and  importance. 

Fabric.     Something  that  has  been  constructed  or  put  together. 

Flower.     The  blossom  or  bloom  of  a  plant. 

Fruit.     The  matured  seed-vessel  of  a  plant. 

Pile.     A  massive  building  or  group  of  buildings. 

Publication.     That  which  is  published. 

Structure.     That  which  is  built  or  constructed. 

Tower.     A  building  very  high  in  proportion  to  its  depth  and  width. 

Creation —  Verbs. 
Accomplish,  etc.     To  bring  to  an  issue  by  perseverance  or  skill,  etc. 

See  Completion. 
Achieve.     To  perform  something  worthy  or  honorable. 
Acquire,  etc.     To  get  in  one's  possession  by  skill  or  purchase,  etc. 

See  Gain. 
Bear.     To  give  birth  to;  to  produce. 
Bear  fruit.     Produce. 

Be  brought  to  bed.     To  give  birth  to  a  child. 
Beget.     To  produce;  to  generate. 
Breed.     To  produce  young ;  to  bring  up. 

Bring  forth;   bring  into  being ;  bring  into  existence ;  bring  up. 
Build.     To  construct,  as  a  building;  to  put  together  by  any  process. 
Call  into  being,  call  into  existence.    Create. 
Carve.     To  accomplish  or  produce,  as  by  cutting  or  carving. 
Cause,  etc.     To  be  the  cause  of;  to  produce,  etc.     See  Cause. 
Chisel.     To  accomplish  or  achieve,  as  by  carving  or  chiseling. 
Coin.     To  make  into  coins;  to  fabricate. 
Compose.     To  produce  by  putting  together. 
Constitute.     To  make  up  the  substance  of. 
Construct.     To  bring  together  and  put  up  as  an  edifice. 
Contrive.     To  plan  ingeniously;  to  design. 

Create.     To   make   come  into  existence  either  out  of  nothing  or 
.   existing  materials. 

Develop.     To  cause  to  increase  in  power,  strength,  etc. 
Do.     Perform;  make. 

Drop.     To  bring  forth;  to  give  birth  to,  as  young. 
Ean.     To  bring  forth  young. 
Edify.     To  build  up  as  in  morals,  etc. 
Engender.     To  cause  to  be  in  existence. 


Downfall.     The  state  of  having  fallen,  or  of  being  ruined. 
Extinction.     Act  of  extinguishing;  a  complete  destruction. 
Extirpation,  etc.     A  destruction  by  taking  up  by  the  roots,  etc.     See 

Injection-Ejection. 
Fall.     Destruction . 

Havoc.     A  wild,  general  destruction;  a  carnage. 
Incendiarism.     An  act  of  destruction  by  maliciously  setting  on  fire. 
Overthrow.     The  act  of  overthrowing;  of  throwing  down  into  ruin. 
Perdition.     Utter  destruction;  in  theology,  utter  loss  of  the  soul  in 

a  future  state. 
Prostration.    The  act  of  prostrating;  of  causing  to  fall  flat;  an  over. 

throw. 
Ravage.     A   violent    destruction   by   pillage    or   other   destructive 

means;  the  results  of  such  action. 
Ruin.     Any  change  that  destroys  or  renders  a  thing  useless;  a  de- 
struction. 
Sacrifice.     Destruction  or  giving  up  for  the  good  of  something  else. 
Shipwreck.     A  destruction  of  a  ship;   the  destruction  of  a  thing  so 

as  to  render  it  practically  useless. 
Smash.     Act  of  smashing;  of  breaking  up  into  pieces;  a  falling  into 

pieces. 
Subversion.     A  turning  over;  an  overthrow. 
Suppression.     Act  of  putting  down  by  force;  a  crushing. 
Washout.     Excavation  made  by  rain  and  swollen  streams. 
Waste.     Wanton  destruction. 
Wrack.     State  of  being  wrecked;  destruction. 
Wreck.     The  act  of  wrecking;  the  ruin  of  anything. 

Destruction — Nouns  of  Means. 

Cataclysm,     A  flood. 

Crack  of  doom.     The  sound  of  the  Judgment  Day. 

Razzia.     A  destructive  raid. 

Revolution.     An  overturning. 

Road  to  ruin.     A  beginning  of  destruction  by  any  means. 

Destruction — Verbs. 

Annihilate.  To  destroy  completely;  said  of  races  or  numbers  of 
animals. 

Annul,  etc.  To  render  void  or  null,  etc.  See  Commission-Abro- 
gation. 

Batter.     To  beat  with  many  blows;  to  deface. 

Be  all  over  with.)  Tq  be  fa     ruined  condition;  to  be  at  an  end. 

Be  all  up  with.    ) 

Beat  down.     Demolish. 

Be  destroyed.    Be  ruined. 

Blast.     To  destroy  as  by  an  explosion;   to  destroy  or  shrivel  as  by 

wind;  to  bring  to  ruin  in  respect  to  reputation. 
Blot  out.     To  destroy  by  covering  with  spots;  to  obliterate. 
Blow  down.     To  throw  down  by  a  current  of  wind. 
Blow  up.     To  destroy  by  blowing  up  with  an  explosive. 
Break  down.     To  disable  or  be  disabled. 
Break  up.     To  dissolve;  to  disperse. 
Cast  to  the  dogs.     To  let  go  to  ruin. 

Confound.     To  throw  the  mind  into  confusion;  to  perplex. 
Consume.     To  destroy  slowly,  as  by  fire,  eating,  rust,  etc. 
Crash.     To  break  into  pieces  with  noise. 
Crumble.     To  make  into  small  pieces;  disintegrate. 
Crumble  to  dust;  crumble  utterly. 
Crumple  up.     To  wrinkle  up. 
Crush  to  pieces;  crush  to  stones;  crush  under  foot. 

Cut  short ')  To  be  destroVed  or  kiUed* 

Cut  to  pieces.     Destroy. 

Deal  destruction.     To  ravage. 

Demolish.     To  destroy  by  tearing  down. 

Desolate.     To  deprive  of  inhabitants;  to  make  sorrowful. 

Destroy.     To  lay  waste;  to  bring  to  ruin. 

Devastate.     To  desolate  or  destroy,  as  by  war,  famine,  etc. 

Devour.     To  eat  with  greediness;  to  lay  waste. 

Dish.     To  use  up  badly;  to  ruin. 

Dismantle,  etc.     To  ruin  by  stripping  of  defenses,  etc.     See  Usepul- 

ness-Uselessness. 
Disorganize.     To  destroy  the  organization    f 
Dispel.     To  scatter  in  many  directions. 
Dissipate.     To  scatter  away ;  to  waste. 
Dissolve.     To  make  liquid;  to  decompose;  to  make  weak. 
Do  away  with.     To  abolish. 
Do  for.     To  kill;  to  hurt  fatally. 
Engulf.     To  swallow  up,  as  in  a  gulf. 
Eradicate,  etc.     To  destroy  by  tearing  out  by  the  roots;  to  cut  out 

entirely,  etc.     See  Injection-Ejection. 


CREATION. 


239 


CREATION— DESTRUCTION. 


CREATION— DESTRUCTION— Continued. 


CREATION— Verbs— Continued. 

Erect.     To  set  up,  as  a  building. 

Establish.     To  fix  firmly;  to  set  up  and  secure  firmly. 

Evolve.     To  open;  to  develop. 

Fabricate.     To  construct  by  art;  to  invent. 

Farrow.     To  bring  forth  young;  said  of  swine. 

Fecundate.     To  make  fruitful,  as  in  children. 

Flower.     To  produce  flowers;  to  bloom. 

Forge.     To  make  or  shape  by  hammering;  to  alter  with  fraudulent 

intentions. 
Form.     To  take  existing  materials  and  give  shape  to",  to  put  in  a 

particular  shape. 
Frame.     To  put  together  for  some  specific  end. 
Fructify.     To  make  fruitful. 
Gar.     To  cause 

Generate.     To  cause  to  be,  to  bring  into  being. 
Get.     To  eain  possession  of;  to  come  to  be. 
Give  birth  to.      Bring  forth  in  birth. 
Hatch.     To  produce  young  from  eggs  by  incubation. 
Impregnate.     To  make  pregnant  or  prolific. 
Incubate.     To  hatch  eggs  by  heating. 
Induce.     To  produce  by  a  course  of  reasoning. 
Institute.     To  set  up  and  put  irroperation. 

Kindle.     To  light  a  fire;  hence,  to  arouse,  to  produce  an  effect. 
Kitten.     To  bring  forth,  as  kittens. 

Lay.     To  construct  by  arranging  in  order,  as  bricks,  etc. 
Lie  in.     To  be  in  childbirth. 
Make.     To  cause  in  all  its  various  senses. 
Make  productive,  etc.     See  Fertility. 
Manufacture.     To  make  by  hand  or  machinery. 
Operate.     To  accomplish;  to  conduct  or  manage  affairs. 
Organize.     To  bring  the  parts  into  connection  and  working  harmony; 

to  establish  with  cooperative  parts. 
Perform.     To  carry  out;  to  execute  completely. 
Procreate.     To  produce  by  generation. 

Produce.     To  bring  into  existence,  as  by  nature;  to  manufacture. 
Progenerate.     To  beget. 

Propagate.     To  multiply,  as  by  natural  generation. 
Pullulate.     To  germinate;  to  bud. 
Pup.     To  bring  forth  young;  said  of  a  female  dog. 
Put  together.     Compose;  construct. 

Raise.     To  put  up  in  a  place;  to  cause  to  grow;  to  breed. 
Rear.     To  bring  up  as  children;  to  build  up. 
Run  up.     To  put  up  rapidly  and  hurriedly,  as  a  building;  to  put  in 

a  prominent  place,  as  a  flag. 
Set  up.     Put  up. 

Superinduce.     To  induce  in  addition. 
Suscitate.     To  call  into  life  or  activity. 
Teem.     To  produce,  as  offspring. 
Usher  into  the  world.     To  bring  into  existence. 
Weave.     To  make  by  weaving;  to  construct  with  elaboration. 
Yean.     To  bring  forth  young,  as  a  sheep. 

Creatjon — Adjectives. 

Big  with.     Pregnant. 

Brought  to  bed  with.     Confined  to  bed  with  childbirth. 

Creative.      Having  the  power  to  create  or  produce. 

Enascent.     Being  born.  * 

Enceinte  [F.].     Pregnant,  big  with  child. 

Formative.      Having  power  to  form,  or  shape. 

Fraught  with.      Laden  or  charged  with. 

Genetic.      Pertaining  to  creation  or  generation. 

Genetical.     Variant  of  genetic. 

Genital.     Pertaining  to  the  reproductive  organs  of  animals. 

In  the  family  way.     Soon  to  give  birth  to  a  child. 

In  the  straw.      In  childbed. 

Parturient.      Bringing  forth  young. 

Pregnant.     Big  with  child;  fruitful. 

Produced,  etc.  1  o      ,,    , 
—  .  .T7-        .     r  See  Verbs. 
Producing,  etc  J 

Productive  of.      Having  the  power  of  producing. 

Prolific,  etc.     Producing  abundantly,  etc.     See  Fertility. 

Puerperal.      Pertaining  to  childbirth. 

Puerperous.      Bearing  children. 

Teeming.     Prolific;   produced  in  abundance. 

C  r  e  ati  o  n — Phrases . 
Ex  nihilo  nihil  fit  [L.].     Out  of  nothing,  nothing  is  made. 
Fiat  lux  [L.].     Let  there  be  light.   [Bible.    Genesis  i,  3.]. 
Materiam  superabat  opus  [L.].      The  workmanship  was  better  than 
the  material.    [Ovid,  Metamorphoses,  ii,  5.]. 


DESTRUCTION— Verbs— Continued. 

Erase.     To  remove  by  rubbing  or  scraping. 

Expunge.     To  wipe  out  completely. 

Exterminate.     To  destroy   absolutely,  said  of  men  or  animals,  not 

of  individuals. 
Extinguish.     To  put  out  of  existence;  to  quench. 
Fall;  fall  to  pieces;  fall  to  the  ground. 
Fell.     To  cause  to  fall;  to  cut  down. 
Fling  to  the  winds.     To  scatter  carelessly. 
Go  all  to  smash.  Be  utterly  ruined. 
Go  by  the  board.     To  go  to  utter  ruin. 
Go  to  shivers.     To  fall  to  pieces. 
Go  to  smash.     Be  ruined. 
Go  to  the  pot.     To  become  worthless. 
Go  to  the  wall.     To  become  bankrupt. 
Go  to  wrack  and  ruin.     Go  utterly  to  destruction. 
Gut.     To  take  out;  to  remove,  as  guts  or  intestines. 
Knockdown;  knock  over;  knock  to  atoms. 
Lay  in  ashes.     To  destroy  by  fire. 
Lay  in  ruins;  lay  in  the  dust;  lay  waste. 
Level  with  the  ground.     To  raze;  to  demolish. 
Make  a  clean  sweep  of.     To  sweep  away  entirely;  to  remove  encum 

brances. 
Make  mince-meat  of.     Utterly  destroy. 
Make  short  work  of.     To  injure;  to  ruin. 
Make  way  with.     To  remove;  to  kill. 
Mine.     To  undermine  with  intent  of  ruining. 
Mow  down.     To  cut  down,  as  grass. 
Nip.     To  cut  the  surface  of;  to  bite. 
Nullify.     To  make  null  and  void. 
Overthrow.     To  throw  over;  subvert. 
Overturn.     To  upset;  to  bring  to  falling. 
Overwhelm.     To  submerge  or  crush  with  a  sudden  onset,    as  of 

water. 
Perish.     To  be  destroyed. 
Pick  to  pieces.     To  tear  apart;  to  destroy. 
Prostrate.     To  bring  on  one's  back;  to  overthrow. 
Pull  down.     To  demolish. 
Pull  to  pieces.     To  damage;  to  destroy. 
Put  an  end  to.     To  terminate. 
Put  down.     To  overcome  by  force;  to  crush. 
Put  out.     To  extinguish. 

Quash.     To  make  void  or  null;  to  put  down  forcibly. 
Quell.     To  make  yield  by  force;  to  subdue. 
Quench.     To  extinguish,  as  fire  with  water. 
Ravage.     To  lay  waste  by  any  means. 
Ravage  with  fire  and  sword. 
Raze.     To  demolish;  to  level  to  the  ground. 
Ruin.     To  subject  to  ruin;  to  change  so  as  to  make  without  value  or 

service. 
Sacrifice.     To  yield  to  another  person  or  thing;  to  incur  loss  or 

suffering. 
Sap.     To  withdraw  gradually;  to  weaken. 
Sap  the  strength  of.     To  undermine  slowly. 
Scatter  to  the  winds.     To  disperse  utterly. 
Scuttle.     To  sink  a  ship  by  putting  holes  in  the  bottom. 
Seal  the  doom  of.     To  consign  to  death. 
Shake  to  pieces.     To  pull  apart;  to  destroy. 
Shatter.     To  break  into  pieces;  to  smash. 
Shipwreck.     To  wreck  a  ship;  to  bring  ruin  to. 
Shiver.     To  break  suddenly  into  pieces. 
Sink.     To  submerge;  to  bring  to  ruin ;  to  waste. 
Smash.     To  break  in  pieces  suddenly. 

Snuff  out.     To  pinch  the  end  off  a  candle;  to  put  out,  as  a  candle. 
Spring  a  mine.     To  explode  a  mine  or  blast. 
Squash.     To  beat  into  a  pulp;  to  ruin. 
Squelch.     To  put  an  end  to;  to  defeat. 
Stamp  out.     To  crush  or  put  down. 
Strike  at  the  root  of.     Destroy  from  the  foundations. 
Strike  out.     To  run  a  pencil  through;  to  expunge. 
Submerge.     To  sink  under  water. 
Subvert.     To  overturn;  to  destroy  utterly. 
Suppress.     To  put  down  by  force;  to  crush. 
Swallow  up.     To  make  disappear;  to  ruin. 

Swamp.     To  founder  as  a  boat;  to  be  brought  low  by  difficulties. 
Sweep  away.     To  destroy  quickly. 
Take  off.     To  kill. 
Tear  to  pieces;  tear  to  rags;  tear  to  tatters;  tear  up;  tear  up  root  and 

branch;   throw  over;   throw  overboard. 
Topple.     To  fall  from  its  own  weight. 
Totter  to  its  fall.     To  waver  till  it  falls. 


CREATION— DESTRUCTION. 


240 


CREDIT— DEBT. 


DESTRUCTION— Verbs— Continued. 


Trample  in  the  dust.*} 

Trample  out.  >To  tread  heavily  on;  to  crush. 

Trample  under  foot.  ) 

Tread  under  foot.     Trample  on. 


Tumble.     To  throw  about;  to  throw  into  confusion 

Undo.     To  fail  to  do;  to  ruin,  as  in  morals,  etc. 

Upset.     To  overturn  or  overset. 

Wreck.     To  cause  or  have  a  shipwreck:  to  ruin  in  any  way. 


Destruction — Adjectives 
Causing    death;    sure    to    destroy,    etc.     See    Life- 


Deadiy,    etc 
Killing. 
Deletory.     Blotting  out. 
Destroyed,  etc.  \  See  Verbs 
Destroying,  etc  J 

Destructive.     Causing  destruction     fitted  to  destroy. 
Extinct.     Being  at  an  end:  quenched. 
Incendiary.     Destroying  by  maliciously  setting  fire  to. 


With  a  sledge  hammer,  with  crushing  effect. 


In  course  of  destruction,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Nodding  to  its  fall.     Tottering. 

Perishing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Ruinous.     Tending  to  ruin;  gone  to  decay. 

Subversive.     Tending  to  subvert  or  overturn. 

Suicidal.     Pertaining  to  suicide,  destroying  one's  own  interests. 

Tottering  to  its  fall    JAb{ 

Trembling  to  its  fall.  J 


Destruction — Adverbs. 


Destruction — Phrases, 


Detenda  est  Carthago  [L.J.     Carthage  must  be  destroyed.    [Cato  the 
elder  so  closed  every  speech  he  made  in  the  Roman  Senate.} 


Dum   Roma  delibtrat.   Saguntum  perit   [L.].       While  Rome  deliber- 
ates, Saguntum  perishes. 
Ecrasez  Vinfdme  [F.].     Crush  the  wretch.     [Voltaire,  often.] 


cre-a'-tive.  Constructive.  Creation-Destruction, 
Fancy. 

Cre-a'-tor.  God,  as  Maker  of  the  universe.  Di- 
vinity. 

crea'-ture.  That  which  has  been  created ;  a  dependent. 
Cause-Effect,  Chief-Underling,  Fauna-Flora, 
Humanity,  Substance-Nullity;  creature  com- 
forts, Nutriment-Excretion,  Sensuality-Suffer- 
ing. 

cr&che  [F.]  (cresh).     A  day-nursery.     School. 

credat  Judwus  Apella  [L.]  (cri'-dat  jiu-di'-us  ap-pel'-la) . 
Let  Apella  the  Jew  [Horace]  believe  it.  Adage- 
Nonsense,  Faith-Misgiving. 

cre'-dence.     Belief.     Faith-Misgiving,  Fane. 


cre-den'-da.  Things  to  -be  believed.  Faith-Misgiv- 
ing. 

cre-den'-tial.  That  which  certifies  one's  authority  or 
claim  to  confidence.     Evidence-Counterevidence. 

cre-den'-tials.     Certificate.     Sign. 

cred"-i-bil/-i-ty.  Worthiness  of  belief.  Faith-Mis- 
giving, Likelihood-Unlikelihood. 

cred'-i-ble.  Believable.  Faith-Misgiving,  Likeli- 
hood-Unlikelihood, Possibility-Impossibility. 

cred'-it.  Trust;  belief;  interest;  a  balance  in  one's 
favor.  Accounts,  Appro val-Disapproval,Credit- 
Debt,  Faith-Misgiving,  Labor-Capital,  Property, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Rule-License,  Virtue- 
Vice;  to  one's  credit,  Property. 


CREDIT— DEBT. 


Account      A  list  of  debits  and  credits  between  two  persons. 

Acquit  [F.]      Discharge  from  debt. 

Bond.     A  written  agreement  pledging  assets. 

Circular  note.     A  note  for  public  circulation. 

Credit      Transference  of  property  on  promise  of  future  payment. 

Debenture.     An  instrument  in  the  nature  of  a  bond. 

Duplicate.     A  paper  having  the  force  of  an  original. 

Floating  credit.     Credit  due  at  various  times. 

Letter  of  credit.     A  paper  authorizing  the  bearer  to  draw  money. 

Lien.     A  legal  claim  on  property. 

Mortgage.     A  claim  on  property  as  security 

Paper  credit.     Written  promise  to  pay 

Score.     An  account  kept  by  marks  or  notches,  any  account.,  usually 

of  indebtedness. 
Tally      An  account  kept  in  two  corresponding  parts. 
Tick.     Trust. 
Trust,     Credit 

Credit — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Creditor.     A  person  to  whom  money  is  owing. 

Dun.     A  troublesome  creditor,  who  urges  payment. 

Lender.     One  who  gives  money  to  a  person  on  security 

Lessor.     One  to  whom  a  lease  is  made. 

Mortgagee.     One  in  whose  favor  a  mortgage  is  made. 

Usurer.     A  person  who  charges  high  or  illegal  rates  of  interest. 

Credit — Verbs 
Accredit.     To  credit  with. 

Credit      To  give  credit  for,  as  a  sum  of  money  paid. 
Entrust.     To  give  as  a  charge. 

Credit — Verbal  Expressions 

Fry  a  kite,  to  issue  fictitious  commercial  paper  to  obtain  money; 
give  credit;  keep  an  account  with,  to  have  business  relations 
with;  place  to  one's  account,  to  debit  one  with  place  to  one's 
credit;  run  up  an  account  with,  to  become  another's  creditor  or 
debtor,  usually  the  latter  in  repeated  business  transactions  take 
credit. 


Arrears.     The  unpaid  part  of  a  debt  overdue. 

Debit.     A  debt  recorded  in  an  account. 

Default.     Lack  of  money. 

Deficit.     Excess  of  debits  over  credits,  or  of  expenses  over  receipts. 

Floating  capital.     Capital  free  to  use  when  required. 

Floating  debt.     Unfunded  indebtedness. 

Indebtment.     The  state  of  being  in  debt. 

Insolvency,  etc.     Inability  to  pay  one's  debts  when  due,  etc.     See 

Settlement-Default 
Interest.     Price  paid  for  the  use  of  money  or  for  the  non-payment 

of  a  debt. 
Liability.     Debt. 
Obligation.     A  contract. 
Score.     An  account,  especially,  a  debt 

Usance.     Period  allowed  for  the  payment  of  debt  in  foreign  countries 
Usury.     Interest  above  that  which  is  allowed  by  law. 

Debt — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Borrower.     One  who  makes  a  practise  of  borrowing. 

~  .  .      *  j  One  who  owes  a  debt 

Defaulter.     One  who  fails  to  account  for  money  with  which  he  is 

entrusted.     See  Settlement-Default. 
Mortgagor.     One  against  whom  a  mortgage  is  made. 

Debt — Verbs. 

Borrow,  etc.     To  get  on  promise  of  return,  etc.     See  Loan-Bor- 
rowing. 
Owe.     To  be  indebted  to. 

Debt — Verbal  Expressions. 

Answer  for,  to  satisfy  or  make  good ,  be  in  debt;  contract  a  debt,  etc. 
(see  Nouns) ;  get  into  debt;  go  bail  for,  act  as  bail  for;  go  on  tick, 
etc  .  to  buy  on  credit;  incur  a  debt,  etc.  (see  Nouns);  outrun  the 
constable,  to  incur  heavier  debts  than  one  can  pay;  run  into  debt; 
run  up  a  bill,  run  up  an  account,  run  up  a  score,  to  increase  one's 
indebtedness  towards  another. 


CREDIT. 


241 


CREDULOUSNESS— SKEPTICISM. 


CREDIT— DEBT  —Continued. 


Cr  e  d  it — A  djectwes. 
Accredited.     Credited  with. 
Bailable.     Admitting  of  bail. 
Credited.     Placed  to  one's  ^^edit. 
Crediting.     Giving  credit. 

Credit — Adverbs. 
A  compte  [F.].     On  account. 

On  credit,  etc.,  by  promising  to  pay  in  the  future,  etc.  (see  Nouns); 
to  the  account  of,  to  the  debit  of;  to  the  credit  of. 


DEBT — Adjective  Expressions — Continued  jrom  Column  2. 

unable  to  meet  debts  promptly;  involved  in  debt;  out  of  pocket, 
lacking  of  the  original  capital;  over  head  and  ears  in  debt;  plunged 
in  debt. 

Debt — Phrases. 

Aes  alienum  debitorem  leve,  gravius  inimicum  facit  [L.J.      A  light 
sum  owed  makes  a  debtor;  one  too  heavy,  an  enemy. 


Debt — Adjectives. 

Chargeable.     Liable  to  be  made  responsible  for  some  debt. 

Due.     Payable  because  of  the  expiration  of  the  time  agreed  upon 

Incumbered.     Burdened  with  debts. 

Indebted.     Owing. 

Insolvent,  etc.     Unable  to  pay  debts  when  due,  etc.     See  Settle- 
ment-Default. 

Involved.     Burdened,  as  with  debt. 

Liable.     Responsible. 

Minus.     Lacking. 

Outstanding.     Unpaid. 

Owing.     To  be  paid. 

Unpaid.     Not  paid. 

Unrequited.     Not  repaid. 

Unrewarded.     Not  rewarded. 

Debt — Adjective  Expressions. 

Deep  in  debt;  deeply  involved;  fast  tied  up,  much  in  debt;  in  arrears* 
in  debt;   in  debt;  in  difficulties;    in*embarrassed  circumstances, 
{Continued  on  Column  1.) 


cred'-it-a-ble.  Praiseworthy.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Dueness-Undueness.  Possibility-Impossibility, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Virtue-Vice. 

cred'-it-ed.     Trusted.     Credit-Debt. 

cred'-it-ing.     Trusting.     Credit-Debt. 

credit  mobilier  [F.]  (cr£-di'  mo-bi-ly6').  A  financial 
institution.     Treasury. 

cred'-it-or.  One  to  whom  another  is  indebted. 
Credit-Debt. 


credo  quia  impossibile  [L.]  (cri'-do  quai'-a  im-pos- 
si'-bi-li).  I  believe  it  because  it  is  impossible. 
Credulousness-Skepticism.     [Tertullian.] 

cre-du'-li-ty.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  credulous. 
Credulousness-Skepticism. 

cred'-u-lous-ness.  Easiness  of  belief.  Credulous- 
ness-Skepticism. 


CREDULOUSNESS-SKEPTICISM. 


Bigotry,  etc.     Stubborn  and  unreasoning  attachment  to  an  opinion, 

etc.     See  Bigotry. 
Credulity.  \  Readiness  to  believe  anything,  etc.     See  Adjec- 

Credulousness,  etc./      fives. 

£*£JH}2*f  The  state  of  being  easily  cheated. 

Gullibility.) 

Hyperorthodoxy,  etc.     Extremeness  in  interpreting  a  doctrine,  etc. 

See  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 
Infatuation.     The    state    of    being   excessively    and    unreasonably 

influent  ed  by  something. 
Mis  judgment,    etc.     Lack   of  judgment,    etc.    See    Decision-Mis- 

JUDGMENT. 

Self-deception.     Deception  of  oneself. 

Self-delusion.     Delusion  of  oneself. 

Superstition.     Ignorant  and  irrational  belief  in  the  supernatural. 

Credulousness — Denotations. 
One's  blind  side.     The  weak  part  or  point. 
Credulous  person,  etc.     See  Gull. 

Credulousness — Verb. 
Swallow.     To  believe  very  readily. 

Credulousness — Verbal  Expressions* 

ie  credulous,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  catch  at  straws,  over-credulous; 
follow  implicitly;  gulp  down,  to  believe  without  good  evidence; 
impose  upon,  etc.,  to  deceive  with  low  motives,  etc.  (see  Truth- 
pulness-Deception)  ;  jump  to  a  conclusion,  to  form  an  opinion 
without  consideration;  jurare  in  verba  magistri  [L.],  to  swear  with 
the  words  of  a  master,  to  obey  implicitly;  run  away  with  an  idea, 
mn  away  with  a  notion,  to  be  overactive  in  some  cause  or  take  an 
extreme  position  in  regard  to  something;  rush  to  a  conclusion  (see 
Tump  to  a  conclusion);  take  for  gospel,  to  accept  as  absolute 
truth;  take  for  granted,  to  believe  without  questioning  the  truth 
of  it;  take  on  trust;  take  the  shadow  for  the  substance;  think  the 
moon  is  made  of  green  cheese,  to  believe  absurdities. 

Credulousness — Adjectives. 
Childish.     Believing  like  a  child. 
Confiding,  etc.     Trusting  one's  secrets  or  opinions  to  another,  etc. 

See  Faith. 
Credulous.     Ready  to  believe. 

Green.     Inexperienced,  so  as  to  be  easily  imposed  upon. 
Gullible.     Easily  cheated. 
Infatuous.     Easily  drawn  to. 
Overconfident.     Too  confident, 
Overcredulous.     Too  credulous. 

Silly.     Acting  so  as  to  show  lack  of  judgment  or  experience. 
Simple.     Trusting  because  of  lack  of  knowledge. 

16 


Incredulousness.  S 


Pyrrhonism.  Universal  doubt.  Like  that  of  the  Greek  philos- 
opher, Pyrrho. 

Scrupulosity.  Excessive  doubtfulness  in  action,  for  fear  of  doing 
wrong. 

Skepticism.     Disbelief  in  a  God. 

Suspicion,  etc.  Imagination  or  apprehension  without  sufficient 
evidence,  etc.     See  Faith-Misgiving. 

Suspiciousness,  etc.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  suspicious,  etc. 
See  Adjectives. 

Want  of  faith,  etc.     See  Faith-Misgiving. 

Skepticism — Verbs. 
Distrust,  etc.     Not  to  have  confidence  in,  etc.     See  Faith-Misgiv« 

ing. 
Ignore.     To  take  no  notice  of  purposely. 

Skepticism — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  incredulous,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  hold  aloof,  to  keep  away  from 
purposely*  nullius  jurare  in  verba  magistri  [L.],  to  swear  by  the 
words  of  no  master,  to  be  completely  independent  [Horace, 
Epistles,  I,  i,  14];  refuse  to  believe;* shut  one's  ears  to,  shut  one's 
eyes,  turn  a  deaf  ear  to,  not  to  wish  to  believe  or  become  aware 
of  something. 

Skepticism — Adjectives. 

Distrustful.     Lacking  in  confidence. 

Incon vincible.     Not  capable  of  being  convinced. 

Incredulous.     Not  credulous. 

Scrupulous.     Inclined  to  hesitate  for  fear  of  doing  wrong. 

Skeptical.     Disbelieving  in  a  God. 

Suspicious.     Apt  to  be  continually  suspecting  something. 

Unbelieving.     Not  believing. 


CREDULOUSNESS— Adjectives— Continued. 

Soft.     Simple. 

Stupid.     Easily  deceived. 

Superstitious.     Given  to  superstition. 

Credulousness — Phrases. 

Credo  quia  impossibile  [L.].  I  believe  it  because  it  is  impossible 
[Tertullian,  DeCarne  Christi,  5.] 

No  es  oro  todo  lo  que  reluce  [Sp.].     All  is  not  gold  that  glitters. 

Omne  ignotum  pro  magnifico  [L.].  Everything  unknown  is  some- 
thing magnificent.     [Tacitus,  Agricola,  30.] 

The  wish  the  father  to  the  thought.  One  is  overready  to  believ» 
because  of  prejudices. 


CREDULOUS. 


242 


CRITICAL. 


jMd'-u-Ious  per'-son.  A  dupe.  Credulousness- 
Skepticism,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Faith-Mis- 
giving, Gull-Deceiver. 

creed.  A  confession  of  faith.  Faith-Misgiving, 
Theology;  Apostles'  Creed,  Orthodoxy-Heter- 
odoxy. 

creek.  A  cove;  a  small  stream.  Gulf-Plain,  In- 
terspace-Contact. 

creel.     An  angler's  basket.     Contents-Receiver. 

creep.  To  crawl.  Swiftness-Slowness;  creep  in, 
Entrance-Exit;  creep  into  a  corner,  Sociability- 
Privacy;  creep  into  the  good  graces  of,  Adulation- 
Disparagement;  creep  out,  Exposure-Hiding- 
place;  creep  upon  one,  Expectation-Surprise; 
creep  v.ith,  Excess-Lack,  Multiplicity-Paucity. 

creep'-er.  A  plant  growing  upon  a  surface  by  sending 
out  rootlets  from  the  axis.     Fauna-Flora. 

creep'-inj.  A  nervous  sensation  as  of  insects  moving 
on  the  flesh.  Swiftness-Slowness;  creeping  thing, 
Fauna-Flora. 

creese.  A  dagger  or  sword  with  a  waved  blade. 
Weapon. 

cre-ma'-tion.  The  act  or  practise  of  burning.  Heat- 
ing-Cooling, Life-Funeral. 

creme  de  la  crime  [F.]  (crem  de  la  crem).  Cream  of 
the  cream.     Goodness-Badness. 

Cre-mo'-na.  Any  violin  made  at  Cremona,  from  the 
16th  to  the  18th  century,  by  the  Amati  family  or  by 
Antonio  Stradivari  and  Josef  Guarnerius.  Musi- 
cal Instruments. 

cre'-nate.     Scalloped.     Indentation. 

cre'-na"-ted.     Scalloped.     Indentation. 

cren'-el-a"-ted.  Decorated  with  crenelles.  Crenel- 
ated molding,  Architecture. 

cre-nelle'.     An  indentation.     Indentation. 

cren'-u-late.  Having  the  edge  cut  into  small  scallops. 
Indentation. 

tre'-ole.  A  native  of  Spanish  America  or  the  West 
Indies,  of  European  parentage.  Constituent- 
Alien. 

crepe.     Crape.     Circle-Winding. 

Crepidam,  ultra  [L.]  (crep'-i-dam,  ul'-tra).  Beyond  the 
last.     Possibility-Impossibility. 

crep"-i-ta'-tion.  The  act  of  crackling.  Crash-Drum- 
ming. 

cre-pus'-cule.  Twilight.    Dimness,  Morning-Evening. 

cres-cen'-do.  Slowly  increasing  in  loudness  or  power. 
Increase-Decrease,  Music 

cres'-cent.  Something  having  the  shape  of  the  new 
moon.  Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

cres-cen'-tric.  Crescent-shaped.  Curvation-Recti- 
linearity. 

cres'-set.  A  frame  or  vessel  mounted  to  hold  a  torch 
or  beacon.     Sign. 

crest.  The  top  of  anything.  Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness,  Sharpness-Bluntness,  Sign,  Smoothness- 
Roughness,  Top-Bottom. 

crest'-fal"-len.  Dejected.  Lightheartedness- 

Dejbction,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

cre-ta'-ceous.     Chalky.     Geology. 

crev-asse'.  A  deep  fissure  in  a  glacier.  Interspace- 
Contact. 

crev'-ice.     A  small  fissure.     Interspace-Contact. 

crew.  A  company  of  seamen  belonging  to  one  vessel; 
a  crowd.  Association,  Dweller -Habitation, 
Gathering-Scattering,  Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

crib.  A  child's  bedstead  with  side  railings;  a  petty 
theft.  Extravagance-Avarice,  Suspension-Sup- 
port, Theft. 

crib'-bage.  A  game  of  cards.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

cribbed.  Shut  in.  Cabined,  cribbed,  confined,  Re- 
lbase-Restraint. 


crib'-ble.     To  sift.     Aperture-Closure. 

crib'-ri-form.  Resembling  a  sieve.  Aperture-Clo- 
sure. 

Crich'-ton.  A  Scottish  scholar  and  adventurer.  Ad- 
mirable Crichton,  Adept-Bungler,  Faultlessness- 
Faultiness,  Scholar-Dunce. 

crick.  A  spasmodic  affection  of  the  muscles.  Sensual- 
ity-Suffering. 

crick'-et.  An  outdoor  game.  Entertainment- 
Weariness;  cricket -ground,  Entertainment  - 
Weariness,  Erectness-Flatness. 

cri'-er.  One  v/ho  makes  vocal  public  proclamation. 
Messenger  ;  send  round  the  crier,  Publicity. 

crim.  con.  Criminal  conversation.  Purity-Impu- 
rity. 

crime.  A  ^rave  offense  against  morality  or  social  order 
or  an  offense  that  subjects  the  doer  to  legal  punish- 
rient.     Innocence-Guilt,  Virtue-Vice. 

crim'-i-nal.  Guilty  of  crime.  Good  Man-Bad  Man, 
Virtue-Vice. 

crim"-i-nal'-i-ty.     Guilt.     Innocence-Guilt. 

crim'-i-nate.  To  accuse  of  a  crime.  Justification- 
Charge. 

crim"-i-na'-tion.  Accusation.  Justification- 

Charge. 

crim'-i-na-to-ry.     Accusing.     Justification-Charge. 

crim"-i-nol'-o-gist.     A  student  of  crime.     Scholar. 

crim"-i-nol'-o-gy.  Scientific  study  of  crime  and  crim- 
inals.    Scholar. 

crim'-i-nous-ness.     Heinousness.     Innocence-Guilt. 

crimp.  To  crinkle;  one  who  decoys  people  to  a  place 
where  they  are  robbed.  Circle-Winding,  Gull- 
Deceiver,  Indentation,  Taking-Restitution, 
Theft,  Toughness-Brittleness. 

crim'-ple.     To  wrinkle.     Plicature. 

crim'-son.     Deep-red.     Redness-Greenness. 

cringe.  To  crouch  in  servility  or  cowardice.  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness, Yielding. 

crin'-ging.  Wincing.  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness. 

cri'-nite.  Bearded  with  long  weak  hairs.  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness. 

crin'-kle.  To  wrinkle.  Angularity,  Circle-Wind- 
ing, Plicature. 

crin'-kled.     Wrinkled.     Angularity. 

crin'-o-line.    A  stiff  elastic  fabric.     Dress-Undress. 

cri'-nose.      Hairy.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

crip'-ple.  To  impair  or  destroy  the  power  of. 
Betterment-  Deterioration,  Health-Sickness, 
Might-Impotence,  Obstruction-Help.  Strength- 
Weakness,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

crip'-pled.  Impaired  in  power.  Health-Sickness, 
Might-Impotence. 

cri'-sis.  A  critical  moment.  Condition-Situation, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Occurrence-Destiny,  Op- 
portuneness-Unsuitableness,  Time;  bring  to  a 
crisis,  Determination-Vacillation;  come  to  a 
crisis,  Completion-Noncompletion, 

crisp.  To  crinkle;  to  make  brittle.  Circle-Wind- 
ing, Smoothness-Roughness,  Terseness-Prolix- 
ity, Toughness-Brittleness. 

cris"-tal-lc-man'-ti-a.  Divination  by  spirits  seen  in  a 
magic  lens.     Prophecy. 

cri-te'-ri-on.  A  test.  Evidence-Counterevidence, 
Sign,  Trial. 

crith'-o-man"-cy.  Divination  by  dough  of  cakes. 
Prophecy. 

crit'-ic.  A  judge  of  the  qualities  of  anything.  Deci- 
sion-Misjudgment, Essay,  Flatterer-Defamer, 
Taste-Vulgarity. 

crit'-ic-al.  Judicious.  Approval-Disapproval,  Con- 
dition-Situation, Consequence-Insignificancb, 
Difficulty-  Facility,  Opportuneness-  Unsuita- 
bleness,  Security-Insecurity. 


CRITICISM. 


243 


CROSSING. 


crit'-i-cism.  Judgment.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Approval-Disapproval,  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment,  Essay. 

crit'-i-cize.  To  examine  critically.  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement, Approval-Disapproval,  Decision- 
Misjudgment,  Taste-Vulgakity. 

cri-tique'.  A  criticism.  Decision-Misjudgment, 
Differentiation-Indiscrimination,  Essay. 

critique  est  aisSe,  et  I'art  est  difficile  [F.]  (cri-tic'  £t 
6-ze',  6  lart  £  di-fi-sil') .  Criticism  is  easy  and  art  is 
difficult.  Decision-Misjudgment,  Differentia- 
tion-Indiscrimination. 

croak.  A  harsh  guttural  sound;  to  grumble.  Con- 
tentedness-  Discontentment,  Cry-Ululation, 
Jubilation-Lamentation,  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness, Warning. 

croak'-er.  A  grumbler.  Contentedness-Discontent- 
ment,  Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Vocaliza- 
tion-Muteness. 

Cro'-at.     Austrian  light-cavalryman.     Belligerent. 

croch'-et.  A  note  in  music;  a  whim.  Decision-Mis- 
judgment, Melody-Dissonance,  Persistence- 
Whim. 

crock.     An  earthen  pot.     Contents-Receiver. 

crock'-er-y.  Earthenware.  Heating-Cooling  Ma- 
terials. 

crock'-et.     Ornament.     Architecture. 

croc'-o-dile  tears.  False  tears.  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

cro'-cus.  A  genus  of  herbs  of  the  iris  family.  Yel- 
lowness-Purple. 

Crce'-sus.     A  king  of  Lydia.     Affluence-Penury. 

croft.     A  small  farm.     Dweller-Habitation. 

crom'-lech.     A  stone  monument.     Life-Funeral. 

crone.  A  withered  old  woman,  or  man.  Infant- 
Veteran,  Sage-Fool. 

cro'-ny.  A  familiar  friend.  Favorite-Anger,  Friend- 
Foe. 

crook.  A  bend  or  curve.  Aim-Aberration,  Curva- 
tion-Rectilinearity,  Parallelism-Inclination. 

crook'-backed".  Hunchbacked.  Proportion-De- 
formity. 

crook'-ed.  Not  straight;  dishonest.  Angularity, 
Beauty-Ugliness,  Craft-Artlessness,  Manifes- 
tation-Latency, Parallelism-Inclination,  Pro- 
portion-Deformity, Uprightness -Dishonesty; 
crooked  path,  Difficulty-Facility;  crooked  temper, 
Favorite-Quarrelsomeness;  crooked  ways,  Aim- 
Aberration. 

crook'-ed-ness.  Condition  of  being  crooked.  Paral- 
lelism-Inclination, Proportion-Deformity. 

crop.  Harvest;  craw;  to  cut  or  eat  off  stems  or  the 
ends  of  grasses;  to  reap.  Cause-Effect,  Con- 
tents-Receiver, Gain-Loss,  Length-Shortness, 
Nutriment-Excretion,  Store,  Taking-Restitu- 
tion; crop  out,  Exposure-Hidingplace,  Visibil- 
ity-Invisibility; crop  up,  Beginning-End.  Occur- 
rence-Destiny, Renewal,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

crop'-per.     A  fall  headlong.     Ascent-Descent. 

cro-quet'.  A  lawn-game.  Entertainment- Weari- 
ness; croquet-grounds,  Erectness-Flatness. 

cro'-sier.  A  staff  surmounted  by  a  crook  or  cross 
borne  by  or  before  a  bishop  or  an  archbishop.  Vest- 
ments. 

cross.  An  ancient  instrument  of  torture;  a  mixing  of 
varieties;  an  ornament,  in  some  form  of  the  cross, 
worn  as  a  distinction ;  across ;  to  hinder ;  out  of  humor. 
Antagonism-Concurrence,  Ceremonial,  Cross- 
ing, Favorite-Anger,  Favorite-Quarrelsome- 
ness, Mixture-Homogeneity,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Proffer-Refusal,  Recompense- 
Scourge,  Success-Failure,  Title,  Transmission, 
Welfare-Misfortune;  cross  and  pile,  Purpose- 
Luck;    cross-breed,   Conventionality-  Unconven- 


tionality;  cross-cut,  Midcourse-Circuit;  crossed 
bayonets,  Antagonism-Concurrence;  crossed  in 
love,  Love-Hate;  cross-fire,  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Attack-Defense,  Difficulty-Facility; 
cross-purposes,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility, Interpretation-Misinterpreta- 
tion, Regularity-Irregularity,  Skill-Unskil- 
fulness,  Truth-Error,  Variance-Accord;  cross- 
questions,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Investiga- 
tion-Answer, Variance-Accord;  cross-road,  Way; 
cross .  sea,  River-Wind;  cross  swords,  Fighting- 
Conciliation;  cross  the  mind,  Reflection-Va- 
cancy; cross  the  path  of,  Obstruction-Help;  cross 
the  Rubicon,  Beginning-End,  Choice-Neutrality; 
fire  cross,  Fighting-Conciliation;  red  cross,  Rem- 
edy-Bane. 

cross'-bow.  A  missile  weapon  consisting  of  a  bow  fixed 
transversely  upon  a  stock.     Weapon. 

crossed.    Obstructed.    Crossing,  Success-Failure. 

cross'-ex-am-i-na"-tion.  A  questioning.  Investiga- 
tion-Answer. 

cross'-ex-am"-ine.  To  cross-question.  Investiga- 
tion-Answer. 

cross'-grained".  Perverse.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Fa- 
vorite-Moroseness. 

cross'-ing.  The  act  of  going  across;  junction  of  roads. 
City-Country,  Crossing. 

CROSSING. 

Anastomosis.     Communication    between    two    or   more    vessels    or 

nerves. 
Convolution.     A  winding  or  crossing  in  and  out. 
Crossing,  etc.     Place  where  two  things  in  different  directions  run  by 

each  other,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Decussation.     A  crossing  made  at  an  acute  angle. 
Entanglement.     The  state  of  being  entangled. 
Inosculation.     Intercommunication  of  tubes,  as  the  veins  of  the 

body.  . 

Interdigitation.     A  locking  together,  like  the  fingers. 
Intersection.     A  meeting  or  cutting  into  each  other,  as  lines. 
Intertexture.     The  state  of  being  interwoven. 
Mortise.     The  joining  of  two  pieces  of  timber,  etc.,  made  by  putting 

the  end  of  one  into  a  cavity  in  the  other. 
Network.     Mesh. 

Reticulation.     State  of  being  netted. 
Transversion.     A  crossing. 

Crossing — Denotations. 

Braid.     A  tape  or  woven  strip  for  binding  the  edges  of  fabrics. 

Cat's  cradle.     A  game  played  by  means  of  a  loop  of  string  turned 

about  the  fingers  and  producing  various  figures. 
Chain .     A  string  of  interlinked  links  or  rings. 

Cross.     A  structure  made  of  a  piece  of  timber,  and  a  cross-piece. 
Felt.     A  fabric  made  by  interlocking  wool,  fur,  or  hair. 
Filigree.     Ornamental  jewelry  resembling  lacework. 
Fretwork.     Ornamental  work  in  relief  done  by  carving. 
Grating.     An  arrangement  of  parallel,  crossed,  or  interlacing  bars. 
Gridiron.     A  hinged  double  grating  of  iron  wires  for  broiling  . 
Grille  [F.J.     A  grated  gate. 

Knot.     An  intertwining  of  the  parts  of  one  or  more  ropes,  or  cords 
Lace.     A  delicate  openwork  fabric  of  threads  of  linen,  silk,  cotton, 

etc. 
Lattice.     Openwork  of  metal  or  wood  formed  by  crossing  strips  01 

bars. 
Mat.     An  article  woven  from  fiber,  rushes,  wire,  etc. 
Mesh.     A  net  or  network. 
Mokes.     Nets. 

Net.     An  open  fabric  of  twine,  woven  or  tied  with  meshes. 
Netting.     A  fabric  of  openwork. 
Plait.     A  braid  as  of  straw  or  hair. 
Plexus.     A  network  or  interlacement. 
Reticle.     A  net  of  fine  threads,  connected  with  a  telescope,  to  d*. 

termine  the  position  of  an  observed  object. 
Skein.     A  quantity  of  yarn  or  thread  wound  to  a  certain  lengif , 

then  doubled  and  knotted. 
Sleeve.     A  short  pipe  receiving  the  ends  of  two  other  pipes. 
Tracery.     Foliated  ornament  or  scrollwork  of  any  kind- 
Trellis.     A  cross-barred  grating  or  lattice. 
Twill.     A  fabric  of  woven  threads. 


CROSSING. 


244 


CRUMBLE. 


Wattle.     A  frame  made  of  interwoven  twigs. 

Web.     A  textile  fabric  woven  in  the  loom. 

Wicker.     Ware  made  of  interwoven  young  shoots  or  rods. 

Wreath.     A  twisted  band  as  of  leaves  or  flowers. 

Crossing — Verbs. 

Anastomose.     To  intercommunicate,  as  the  blood-vessels. 

Braid.     To  form  into  a  braid. 

Cross.     To  run  through,  over,  or  under  anything. 

Decussate.     To  cross  at  an  acute  angle. 

Dishevel.     To  put  into  a  disorderly  state. 

Dovetail.     To  join  with  dovetails. 

Entangle.     To  complicate  so  as  not  to  be  easily  separated. 

Entwine.     To  twine. 

Felt.     To  make  into  felt. 

Inosculate.     To  connect,  as  tubes. 

In  terdigitate.     To  lock,  like  the  fingers  of  the  hands. 

Interlace.     To  lace  together. 

Interlink.     To  link  together. 

Intersect.     To  cut  into. 

Intertwine.     To  twine  together. 

Intertwist.     To  twist  several  things  together. 

Interweave.     To  weave  together. 

Inweave.     To  weave  in. 

Knot.     To  tie  into  knots. 

Link.     To  connect  by  links. 

Mat.     To  twist  or  weave  into  a  mat. 

Net.     To  make  into  a  net. 

»£}  To  braid. 

Raddle.     To  twist  together. 

Ravel.     To  pull  apart  or  disentangle. 

Splice.     To  unite  two  ends  in  some  way. 

Tangle.     To  mix  or  interweave  in  a  disorderly  manner. 

Twill.     To  weave  so  as  to  produce  diagonal  lines  on  the  surface. 

Twine.     To  wind  threads  around  each  other  or  something  else. 

Twist.     To  wind  threads,  etc.,  together. 

Weave.     To  fasten  together  so  as  to  form  a  texture. 

Wreath.     To  wind  or  fasten  together  in  the  form  of  a  wreath. 

Crossing — Adjectives. 

Areolar.     Having  interstices  like  the  areolae. 

Barred.     Marked  with  lines  drawn  across. 

Cancellated.     Like  a  lattice. 

Cross.      Not  in  the  same  direction. 

Crossed.      Placed  crosswise. 

Crossing,  etc.     Running  in  different  directions  through  or  near,  etc. 

See  Verbs. 
Crucial.     Intersecting. 
Grated.     Made  like  grates. 

Matted,  etc.     Twined  together,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Reticular.     "( 
Reticulated.  >  Like  a  net. 
Retiform.     ) 

Streaked.     Marked  with  streaks. 
Textile.     Capable  of  being  woven. 
Transverse.     Crosswise. 

Crossing — Adverbs. 

Across.     From  side  to  side. 
Athwart.     Obliquely. 
Thwart.     Athwart. 
Transversely.     Crosswise. 

cross'-ness.  Ill-temper.  Favorite-Quarrelsome- 
ness. 

cross'-patch".  An  ill-natured  person.  Politeness- 
Impoliteness. 

crotch.     A  fork.     Angularity. 

crotch'-et-y.  Eccentric.  Decision-Misjudgment,  Per- 
sistence-Whim. 

crouch.  To  bend  dpwn;  to  fawn.  Elevation-De- 
pression, Height-Lowness,  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness, Sanguineness-Timidity;  crouch  before, 
Yielding. 

crouched.     Stooped.     Height-Lowness. 

crouch'-ing.  Stooping;  cringing.  Presumption-Ob- 
sequiousness. 

croup.  A  disease  of  the  throat;  the  buttocks  of  a 
quadruped.     Anteriority-Posteriority. 

crou'-pi-er.    A  stake-holder.     Manager. 


crow.  A  bird;  boast.  Bragging,  Cry-Ululation, 
Instrument,  Jubilation-Lamentation,  White- 
ness-Blackness ;  as  the  crow  flies,  Aim-Aberration  ; 
crow's  foot,  Infancy-Age  ;  crow's  nest,  Top-Bottom  ; 
crows  to  pluck,  Favorite-Anger,  Justification- 
Charge,  Pardon-Vindictiveness,  Variance-Ac- 
cord; pluck  a  crow  with,  Approval-Disapproba- 
tion. 

crow'-bar".    An  iron  lever.    Instrument. 

crowd.  A  large  multitude.  Excess-Lack,  Gather- 
ing-Scattering, Gentility-Democracy,  Multi- 
plicity-Paucity, Remoteness-Nearness;  in  the 
crowd,  Mixture-Homogeneity. 

crowd'-ed.  Pressed  closely  together.  Multiplicity- 
Paucity. 

crown.  The  top;  a  royal  ornament;  a  trophy;  coin. 
Circle-Winding,  Commission-Abrogation,  Com- 
pletion-Noncompletion,  Recompense-Punition, 
Scepter,  Title,  Top-Bottom,  Trophy,  Values; 
crowned  head,  Chief-Underling;  crowned  with 
laurel,  Reputation-Discredit;  crowned  with  suc- 
cess, Success-Failure;  to  crown  all,  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

crown'-ing.  Highest.  Beginning-End,  Completion- 
Noncompletion,  Supremacy-Subordinacy;  crown- 
ing point,  Top-Bottom. 

crow's'-foot".     A  wrinkle  about  the  eye.     Plicature. 

cruche  a  Veau  qu'a  la  fin  elle  se  casse,  tant  va  la  [F.] 
(crush  a  lo  ka  la  fan-  el  se  cas,  tan'  va  la).  The 
pitcher  goes  so  often  to  the  well  that  it  comes  home 
broken  at  last.     Welfare-Misfortune. 

cru'-cial.  Crosswise;  testing.  Crossing,  Proof-Dis- 
proof; crucial  test,  Trial. 

cru'-ci-ate.  To  torture.  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

cru"-ci-a'-tion.  State  of  being  crossed.  Sensuality- 
Suffering. 

cru'-ci-ble.  A  chemical  vessel.  Chemistry,  Con- 
tents-Receiver,  Conversion,  Oven-Refriger- 
ator, Scholar-Dunce,  Workshop;  put  into  the 
crucible,  Renewal. 

cru'-ci-fix.    A  small  cross.    Ceremonial. 

cru"-ci-fix'-ion.  Act  of  putting  to  death  by  nailing  on 
a  cross.  Recompense-Punition,  Sensuality-Suf- 
fering. 

cru'-ci-form.    Cross-shaped.    Crossing.  « 

cru'-ci-fy.  Kill  on  the  cross.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Recompense-Punition,  Sensuality- 
Suffering. 

cruets  experimenium  [L.]  (cru'-sis  ex-per-i-men'-tum) . 
Trial  of  the  cross.     Trial. 

crude.  Raw.  Color-Achromatism,  Entirety-Defi- 
ciency, Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation,  Purity-Crudeness. 

cru'-di-ty.  State  of  being  crude.  Preparation-Non- 
preparation. 

cruel.  Inhuman.  Charitableness-Malevolence, 
Harshness-Mildness,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness,  Tyranny-Anarchy. 

cruel'-ly.     Inhumanly.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

cru'-el-ness.  Quality  of  being  cruel.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

cru'-el-ty.  Disposition  to  inflict  pain.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence. 

cru'-et.  A  small  glass  bottle  for  holding  vinegar. 
Contents-Receiver. 

cruise.  To  rove  on  the  seas;  a  cruet.  Contents- 
.   Receiver,  Traveling-Navigation. 

cruis'-er.    A  person  or  ship  that  cruises.    Belligerent. 

crumb.  A  fragment.  Friability,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness; crumb  of  comfort.  Alleviation -Aggrava- 
tion. 

crum'-ble.  To  break  into  smaH  pieces.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Creation-Destruction,  Friabil- 


CRUMBLE. 


245 


CRY— ULULATION. 


ity,  Increase-Decrease,  Strength-Weakness, 
Toughness-Brittleness;  crumble  into  dust,  Com- 
position -  Resolution,  Toughness  -  Brittleness  ; 
crumble  under  one's  feet,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

crumb'-ling.  Breaking  into  fragments.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Creation-Destruction,  Friabil- 
ity, Increase-Decrease,  Novelty-Antiquity,  Se- 
curity-Insecurity, Strength-Weakness,  Tough- 
ness-Brittleness. 

crumb'-ly.    Apt  to  crumble.    Friability. 

cru'-me-nal.    A  purse.    Money.     [Spenser.] 

xrump.  Crooked.  Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Pro- 
portion-Deformity. 

crum'-ple.  To  wrinkle.  Plicature,  Smoothness- 
Roughness;  crumple  up,  Creation-Destruction, 
Enlargement-Diminution. 

crunch.  To  grind  noisily.  Nutriment-Excretion, 
Union-Disunion. 

crup'-per.  The  rump  of  a  horse.  Anteriority-Pos- 
teriority. 

cru-sade'.  A  religious  expedition.  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation. 

crush.  Break  by  pressure;  humble.  Creation-De- 
struction, Enlargement-Diminution,  Friability, 
Gathering -Scattering,  Selfrespect- Humble- 
ness; crush  one's  hopes,  Expectation-Disappoint- 
ment, Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  crush  under 
an  iron  heel,  Harshness-Mildness. 

crushed.    Overcome.     Pleasure-Pain. 

crush'-ing.     Overwhelming.     Pleasurableness-Pain- 

FULNESS. 


crust.    The  hard  outside  covering.    Cover-Lining. 

crus-ta'-ce-an.  A  family  of  arthropods  having  crust- 
like shells.     Fauna-Flora. 

crust'-y.     Peevish.     Favorite-Moroseness. 

crutch.  A  staff  for  cripples.  Angularity,  Suspen- 
sion-Support. 

crux  criticorum  [L.]  (crux  cri-ti-co'-rum) .  The  puzzle 
of  critics.     Tidings-Mystery. 

crux,  fidei  coticula  [L.]  (crux,  fai-di'-ai  co-tic'-yu-la) . 
The  cross  is  the  touchstone  of  faith.  Atone- 
ment. 

cry.  To  weep;  to  proclaim;  to  beg.  Cry-Ululation, 
Habit-Desuetude,  Jubilation-Lamentation,  Pub- 
licity, Sign,  Tidings-Mystery,  Vocalization- 
Muteness;  cry  aloud,  Petition-Expostulation; 
cry  and  little  wool,  Bragging,  Expectation-Disap- 
pointment, Overvaluation-Undervaluation;  cry 
before  hurt,  Jubilation-Lamentation;  cry  down, 
Adulation-Disparagement,  Approval-Disappro- 
bation ;  cry  for,  Desire-Distaste  ;  cry  for  joy,  Jubi- 
lation-Lamentation; cry  for  vengeance,  Right- 
Wrong  ;  cry  out  against,  Approval-Disapprobation, 
Motive-Dehortation;  cry  shame,  Approval-Dis- 
approbation; cry  to,  Petition-Expostulation;  cry 
up,  Approval-Disapprobation,  Pomp;  cry  wolf, 
Alarm,  Sanguineness-Timidity,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood;  cry  you  mercy,  Compassion-Ruthless- 
ness,  Pardon-Vindictiveness,  Petition-Expos- 
tulation; full  cry,  Loudness-Faintness;  raise  a 
cry,  Sign. 


CRY— ULULATION. 


Bark.     The  cry  ordinarily  made  by  a  dog. 

Chorus.     A  company  of  singers. 

Clamor.     A  great  disorderly  shouting. 

Cry,  etc.     The  noise  made  by  animals  in  pain,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Hullabaloo.     Tumult. 

Lungs.     Organs  of  respiration,  used  to  provide  the  air  for  speaking. 

Outcry.     A  loud  yell. 

Plaint.     Audible  expression  of  sorrow. 

Stentor.     A  person  having  a  loud  voice. 

Vagitus.     The  first  cry  of  a  new-born  infant. 

Vociferation.     A  vehement  use  of  the  voice. 

Voice.     The  sound  made  by  the  organs  of  speech. 


Cry—  Verbs. 

Bawl.    \  To  utter   inarticulate    words  in   a   loud  voice   like    some 

Bellow.)       lower  animals. 

Brawl.     To  quarrel  in  a  noisy  manner. 

Cheer.     To  give  applause  with  yells. 

Cry.     To  make  a  sound,  as  if  in  pain  or  distress. 

Exclaim.     To  speak  out  suddenly. 

Groan.  To  utter  an  involuntary  noise  by  breathing  when  in  great 
pain. 

Grumble.     To  complain  in  a  surly  tone  of  voice. 

Grunt,  etc.  To  give  a  short,  rough  sound  like  a  pig,  etc.  See  Cry- 
Ululation. 

„  «     *  r  To  shout  to  call  some  one's  attention. 

Hoop.     To  give  a  sudden  shout. 
Hoot.     To  give  a  contemptuous  cry. 
Howl.     To  utter  a  loud  piercing  cry. 
Moan.     To  utter  a  low  plaintive  sound. 
Pipe.     To  talk  in  a  high  shrill  key. 
Pule.     To  make  a  noise  like  a  little  chicken. 
Roar.     To  utter  a  loud  harsh  utterance. 
Screak.     To  give  a  harsh  shrill  sound. 
Scream.     To  utter  a  prolonged  shriek. 
Screech.     To  utter  a  sharp  shrill  sound. 
Shout.     To  give  a  loud,  sonorous  utterance  of  the  voice. 
Shriek.     To  utter  a  sound  suddenly  at  the  top  of  one's  voice. 
Snore.     To  make  a  rattling  noise  in  the  throat  while  sleeping. 
Snort.     To  puff  violently  through  the  nose. 
Squall.     To  cry  vehemently. 

Squeak.     To  make  a  small ,  sharp,  disagreeable  noise. 
Vociferate.     To  utter  any  articulate  sounds  vehemently  and  con- 
tinuously. 
Whine      To  utter  a  long  plaintive  sound. 


Belling.     Bellowing. 

Bow-wow.     Cry  of  a  dog.  •»- 

Cry,  etc.     Utterance  of  inarticulate  sounds  as  in  pain,  joy,  etc.     See 

Verbs. 
Crying.     A  prolonged,  plaintive  utterance  as  if  in  pain. 
Drone.     A  low  humming  sound. 
Fritinancy.     A  chirping  like  a  cricket. 
Latration.      A  barking. 
Reboation.     The  echo  of  a  bellow. 
Ululation.     A  howling. 
Wood-note.     The  voice  of  a  wild  bird. 
Insect  cry.     The  noise  made  by  an  insect. 

Ululation — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Cuckoo.     A  small  bird,  which  utters  a  cry  represented  by  its  name. 
Screech-owl.     An  owl  which  utters  a  screech  instead  of  hooting. 

Ululation —  Verbs. 

Bark.      To  snap  out  a  sound  like  a  dog. 

Bay.     To  bark  in  a  long,  low,  hoarse  voice. 

Bellow.     To  give  forth  a  loud  hollow  sound. 

Blare.     To  utter  a  loud  harsh  sound. 

Blatter.     To  make  a  rattling  or  senseless  noise. 

Bleat.     To  make  a  noise  like  a  lamb. 

Bray.     To  utter  a  loud  discordant  noise,  as  an  ass. 

Buzz.     To  make  a  noise,  as  the  bee  does. 

Cackle.     To  make  a  short,  jerky  noise,  as  a  chicken. 

Caterwaul.     To  cry,  as  a  cat  in  rutting  time. 

Caw.     To  make  a  noise,  as  a  crow  does. 

Cheep.     To  peep. 

Chirp.     To  make  a  noise,  as  a  robin  does. 

Chirrup.     To  chirp. 

p.       ,  j     |  To  utter  a  noise,  as  a  hen  does  in  calling  her  chickens. 

Clack.     To  talk  rapidly  and  continually. 

Cluck.     To  call,  as  a  hen  does  her  chickens. 

Coo.     To  make  a  noise,  as  a  dove  does. 

Croak.     To  utter  as  if  from  the  lower  part  of  the  throat,  as  a  frog. 

Crow.     To  make  a  noise,  as  a  rooster. 

Cry.     To  utter  a  long,  plaintive  noise  as  if  in  pain. 

Cuckoo.     To  make  a  sound,  as  the  male  cuckoo  does  during  mating 

season. 
Gaggle.     To  make  a  noise,  as  the  goose. 
Gobble.     To  make  a  sound,  like  the  turkey-cock. 
Growl.     To  utter  a  low  angry  sound. 


CRY. 


246 


CULLION. 


CRY— ULULATIO  N— Continued. 


CRY — Verbs — Continued. 
Whoop.     To  hoop. 

Yaup.     To  utter  a  cry  of  distress  like  a  child  or  young  bird. 
Yell.     To  give  a  loud  cry. 

Cry — Verbal  Expressions. 
Call  out;  cry  out;  give  a  cry;  lift  up  the  voice;  raise  the  voice;  rend 
the  air;  s'  tgosiller  [F.],  to  make  one's  throat  sore  by  shouting; 
ahout  at  the  pitch  of  one's  breath;  shout  at  the  top  of  one's  voice; 
sing  out;  strain  the  lungs;  strain  the  throat;  strain  the  voice; 
thunder  at  the  pitch  of  one's  breath;  thunder  at  the  top  of  one's 
voice. 

Cry — Adjectives. 

Clamant.     Urgent  in  the  call  for  help. 

Clamorous.     Making  a  great  disorderly  shouting. 

Crying,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Open-mouthed.     Clamorous. 

Stentorian,  etc.      Extremely  loud,  like  Homer's  Stentor,  etc.     See 

Loudness. 
Yociferous.     Vehement  in  shouting. 


TJLULATION — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 
"Crying,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Latrant.     Barking. 
Mugient.     Lowing. 
Remugient.     Bellowing  or  lowing  again. 

Ululation — Adverb. 
In  full  cry.     In  full  pursuit. 


ULULATION—  Verbs—  Continued. 

tjrunt.     [  ,po  utter  a  low  snort  noise  like  the  hog. 

Gruntle.l 

Guggle.     To  gurgle. 

Hiss.     To  force  air  out  between  the  teeth 

Howl.     To  utter  a  loud  mournful  cry. 

Hum.     To  make  a  buzzing  noise. 

Low.     To  make  a  noise  like  a  cow. 

Mew.     To  make  a  noise  like  a  cat. 

Mewl.     To  cry  like  a  young  child. 

Moo.     To  low. 

Neigh.     To  make  a  noise  like  ahorse. 

Pule.     To  cry  like  a  chicken. 

Purr.     To  make  a  humming  noise  like  a  cat  when  pleased  or  asleep. 

Quack.     To  make  a  noise  like  a  duck. 

Rebellow.     To  bellow  again. 

Roar.     To  make  a  loud  deep  sound. 

Screech.     To  make  a  high-keyed,  harsh  sound. 

Snarl.     To  utter  a  vicious  growl. 

Snort.     To  blow  the  breath  violently  through  the  nose  like  a  horse. 

Squeak.     To  utter  a  sharp,  short  noise. 

Troat.     To  make  a  noise  like  a  male  deer  in  rutting  time. 

Twitter.     To  make  a  noise  like  a  sparrow. 

Yap.     To  bark. 

Yarr.     To  growl  like  a  dog. 

Yawl.     To  howl. 

Yelp.     To  utter  a  short  howl. 

Ululation — Adjective^. 
Blatant.     Bawling  out  like  a  beast. 

(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


cry'-ing.  Weeping;  notorious.  Cry-Ululation, 
Jubilation-Lamentation,  Need;  crying  evil,  Good- 
Evil;  crying  shame,  Reputation-Discredit;  cry- 
ing sin,  Virtue-Vice. 

crypt.  A  cell.  Contents-Receiver,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace,  Fane,  Life-Death. 

crypt'-ic.     Hidden.     Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

crypt'-ic-al.  Quality  of  being  hidden.  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy. 

cryp-tog'-ra-phy.  Cipher-writing.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Writing-Printing. 

crys'-tal.  Transparent  quartz.  Chemistry,  Diapha- 
neity-Opaqueness, Hardness-Softness,  Miner- 
alogy; crystal  oil,  Pulpiness-Oil;  snow  crystal, 
Heat-Cold. 

crys'-tal-line.  Like  crystal.  Diaphaneity-Opaque- 
ness, Mineralogy,  Solidity-Rarity. 

crys'-tal-li"-za-ble.  Capable  of  being  crystallized. 
Solidity- Rarity. 

cryV-tal-li-za'-tion.  The  process  of  forming  crystals. 
Chemistry,  Hardness-Softness,  Solidity-Rarity. 

crys'-tal-lize .  To  cause  to  form  crystals.  Solidity- 
Rarity. 

crys"-tal-lo-graph'-ic.  Pertaining  to  crystallography. 
Crystallographic  axes,  Mineralogy. 

crys"-tal-log'-ra-phy.  Science  of  crystals.  Mineral- 
ogy. 

csa'-ko.  A  helmet.  Attack-Defense,  Dress-Un- 
dress. 

cuar'-to.     Spanish  coin.     Values. 

cub.  A  whelp;  a  rough  youth.  Gentility-Democ- 
racy, Infant- Veteran,  Taste-Vulgarity;  un- 
locked cub,  Form-Formlessness,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

cube.  A  hexahedron;  the  third  power.  Angularity, 
Triality,  Triplication-Trisection. 

cu'-bic-al.     Pertaining  to  a  cube.     Angularity. 

cu'-bicfoot.     A  unit  volume.     Measure. 

cu'-bit.     A  measure  of  length.     Length-Shortness. 

cu'-bit-al.      Part  of  a  spider.     Anatomy. 

cuck'-ing-stool".  A  chair  of  punishment.  Recom- 
pense-Scourge. 

cuck'-old.  The  husband  of  an  adulteress.  Matri- 
mony-Divorce, Purity-Impurity. 


cuck'-ol-dom.  The  state  of  a  cuckold.  Purity-Im- 
purity. 

cuck'-oo.  A  bird.  Crash-Drumming,  Cry-Ulula- 
tion,  Imitation-Originality,  Recurrence. 

cud'-dle.     To  hug.     Blandishment. 

cudg'-el.  A  club.  Impetus-Reaction,  Recompense- 
Scourge,  Weapon;  cudgel  one's  brains,  Fancy, 
Reflection- Vacancy  ;  take  up  the  cudgels,  Attack- 
Defense,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Strife-Peace. 

cue.     A    hint;     a    watchword.  Enlightenment- 

Secrecy,  Occupation,  Pretext,  Sign;  in  proper 
cue,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  take  one's  cue  from, 
Advice. 

cuff.  A  sleeve;  a  blow.  Dress-Undress,  Exculpa- 
tion-Punition,  Impetus-Reaction. 

cui  bono  [L.]  (cai  bo'-no).  For  whose  advantage. 
Usefulness-Uselessness. 

cuique  voluptas  sui  [L.]  (cai'-qui  vo-lup'-tas  siu'-ai). 
To  each  one  his  own  pleasure.     Desire-Distaste. 

cui-rass'.     A  breastplate.     Attack-Defense. 

cui"-ras-sier'.     A  mounted  soldier.     Belligerent. 

cuisine  [F.]  (cwi-zin').  A  kitchen.  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion. 

cuisine  batterie  [F.]  (cwi-zin'  bat-ri').  Kitchen  uten- 
sils.    Fasting-Gluttony. 

culbute  [F.]  (cul-biit').  A  somersault.  Ascent-De- 
scent, Reversal. 

culbuter  [F.]  (cul-bu-te') .  To  throw  head  over  heels. 
Reversal. 

cul'-de-lampe'.  A  fancy  border  of  a  page.  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement, Engraving. 

cul"-de-sac' .  Blind  alley.  Aperture-Closure, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Sharpness-Bluntess. 

cu'-li-na-ry.  Pertaining  to  cooking.  Nutriment- 
Excretion;  culinary  art,  Preparation-Nonprep- 
aration. 

cull.  A  dupe;  to  pick  out.  Choice-Neutrality, 
Gull-Deceiver,  Taking-Restitution. 

cul'-len-der.     A  sieve.     Aperture-Closure. 

cul"-li-bil'-i-ty.  Credulity.  Credulousness-Skep 
ticism. 

cul'-lion.     A  poltroon.     Good  Man-Bad-Man. 


CULLY. 


247 


CURRENT. 


rail'-ly.  A  dupe.  Gull-Deceiver,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

tulm.     Coal-dust.  Combustible. 

rul'-mi-nate.     To  attain     completion.     Completion- 

NONCOMPLETION,      HEIGHT-LOWNESS,      SuPREMACY- 
SUBORDINACY,  TOP-BOTTOM. 

f.ul"-mi-na'-ting.  Resulting.  Supremacy-Subordi- 
nacy,  Top-Bottom. 

cul"-mi-na'-tion.  The  highest  point.  Completion- 
Noncompletion,  Height-Lowness,  Supremacy- 
Subordinacy. 

cul"-pa-bil'-i-ty.  Guiltiness.  Innocence-Guilt, 

Virtue-Vice. 

«ul'-pa-ble.  Deserving  blame.  Innocence-Guilt, 
Virtue-Vice. 

culpam  poena  premit  comes  [L.]  (cul'-pam  pi'-na  prl- 
mit  co'-miz).  Punishment  presses  close  upon  crime. 
Innocence-Guilt,  Recompense-Punition. 

cul'-prit.     A  criminal.     Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

cul'-ti-vate .  To  till;  to  develop.  .  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Domestication-Agriculture,  Feel- 
ing-Insensibility, Obstruction-Help,  Prepara- 
tion-Non  preparation. 

cul'-ti-va"-ted.  Courteous.  *  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness; cultivated  taste,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

cul"-ti-va'-tion.  Tillage.  Betterment-Deterior- 
ation, Domestication-Agriculture,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation,  Taste- Vulgarity. 

cul'-ti-va"-tor.  An  agriculturist.  Domestication- 
Agriculture. 

cul'-ture.  Refinement.  Betterment-Deterior- 
ation, Knowledge-Ignorance,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

cul'-ver-in.     A  cannon.     Weapon. 

cul'-vert.  An  artificial  water-course.  Watercourse- 
Airpipe. 

cum'-ber.  To  hinder;  to  oppress.  Heaviness-Light- 
ness, Obstruction-Help. 

cum'-ber-some.  Unwieldy.  Heaviness-Lightness, 
Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness,  Propriety  -  Im- 
propriety. 

cum'-brous.  Heavy.  Heaviness-Lightness,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Pleasurableness-Painfulness, 
Propriety-Impropriety. 

cum  multis  aliis  [L.]  (cum  mul'-tis  e'-li-is).  With 
many    others.  Addition-Subtraction,    Multi- 

plicity-Paucity. 

cu"-mu-la'-tion.  Process  of  massing  together;  aheap. 
Gathering-Scattering. 

cu'-mu-la-tive.  Superadded.  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing; cumulative  evidence,  Evidence-Counterevi- 
dence  ;  cumulative  vote,  Choice-Neutrality. 

cu'-mu-lo-stra"-tus.  A  form  of  cloud.  Viscidity- 
Foam. 

cu'-mu-lus.     A  cloud.     Viscidity-Foam. 

cunctando  restituit  rem  [L.]  (cunc-tan'-do  r!-stit'-yu- 
it  rem).  By  delaying  he  retarded  the  affair. 
Action-Passiveness. 

cunc-ta'-tion.    Delay.    Earliness-Lateness. 

cu'-ne-i-form.  Wedge-shaped.  Angularity,  Writ- 
ing-Printing ;  cuneiform  character,  Writing-Print- 
ing. 

cun'-ning.  Artful.  Craft-Artlessness,  Predeter- 
mination-Impulse, Sagacity-Incapacity,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  cunning 
fellow,  Adept-Bungler;  cunning  man,  Adept- 
Bungler,  Devotion-Magician. 

cun'-ning-ly.     Shrewdly.    Craft-Artlessness. 

cun'-ning-ness .    Shrewdness.    Adept-Bungler. 

cup.  A  drinking  vessel;  strong  drink;  a  surgical  instru- 
ment. Contents-Receiver,  Convexity-Concav- 
ity, Nutriment-Excretion,  Remedy-Bane,  Tee- 
totalism-Intemperance;  cup  of  humiliation,  Self- 
respect-Humbleness;  cup  that  cheers,  Nutriment- 
Excretion;  cup  too  low,   Lic."theartedness-De- 


jection;  dash  the  cup  from  one's  lips,  Expectation- 
Disappointment;  in  one's  cups,  Teetotalism-In- 
temperance. 

cup'-bear"-er.  One  who  serves  the  wine-cup.  Chief- 
Underling.  '     ■ 

cup'-board.     A  closet.     Contents-Receiver. 

Cu'-pid.  The  god  of  love.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Love- 
Hate. 

cu-pid'-i-ty.  Avarice.  Desire-Distaste,  Extrava- 
gance-Avarice. 

cu'-pc-la.  A  dome.  Architecture,  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Height-Lowness. 

cup'-ping.  An  operation  of  blood-drawing.  Remedy- 
Bane. 

cup'-toss"-ing.    A  game  of  chance.    Purpose-Luck. 

cur.  A  dog;  a  sneak.  Fauna-Flora,  Good  Man- 
Bad  Man. 

cur'-a-ble.  Remediable.  Remedy-Bane,  Renova- 
tion-Relapse. 

cur'-a-ble-ness.  Capability  of  being  cured.  Renova- 
tion-Relapse. 

cu'-ra-cy.     A  charge.     Church. 

curce  leves  loqunntur,  ingentes  stupent  [L.]  (kiu'-ri 
li'-vtz  lo-quun'-tur,  in-jen'-tiz  stiu-pent).  Trivial 
anxieties  talk,  great  ones  stand  mute.  Bragging, 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

cura  futuri,  mihi  [L.]  (kiu'-ro.  fiu-tiu'-rai  mai'-hai) .  My 
care  is  for  the  future.    Prevision. 

cu'-rate.     A  minister.     Ministry-Laity. 

cur'-a-tive.    Able  to  cure.    Renovation-Relapse. 

cu-ra'-tor.    Custodian.    Consignee. 

curb.  To  restrain.  Architecture,  Casing,  Motive 
Dehortation,  Release-Prison,  Release-Re 
straint,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Turbulence-Calm 
ness. 

curb'-stone".  Stone  at  the  edge  of  a  sidewalk.  City 
Country. 

curd.  Coagulated  milk.  Pulpiness-Oiliness,  Solid 
ity-Rarity. 

cur'-dle.  To  coagulate.  Solidity- Rarity;  make  the 
blood  curdle,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

cur'-dled.    Coagulated.     Viscidity-Foam. 

cure.  To  make  well;  to  preserve;  a  remedy;  a  spiritua.1 
charge.  Alleviation-Aggravation,  Church,  Con- 
servation, Health-Sickness,  Remedy-Bane, 
Renovation-Relapse. 

cu"-r€.    A  parish  priest.    Ministry-Laity. 

cure'-less.     Incurable.    Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

cur'-few.  A  bell-ringing  at  evening.  City,  Morning- 
Evening. 

curiosa  felicitas  [L.]  (kiu-ri-o'-sa  fi-lis'-i-tas).  A  happy 
idea.    Skill-Unskilfulness. 

cu"-ri-os'-i-ty.  Inquisitiveness;  a  strange  object.  Con- 
vention ality-Unconventionality,  Expectation- 
Surprise,  Inquisitiveness-Indifference,  Phe- 
nomenon. 

cu'-ri-ous.  Exceptional;  inquisitive.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Conventionality-Unconventionality,  De- 
sire-Distaste, Expectation-Surprise,  Inquisi- 
tiveness-Indifference, Truth-Error. 

cu'-ri-ous-ly.    Unusually.    Magnitude-Smallness. 

cu'-ri-ous-ness.  Eagerness.  Inquisitiveness-Indif- 
ference. 

curl.  Abend;  to  bend.  Circle-Winding,  Curvation- 
Rectilinearity,  Plicature,  Smoothness-Rough- 
ness; curl  up  one's  lip,  Regard-Scorn. 

curl'-ing.    A  game.    Entertainment- Weariness. 

cur-mud'-geon.  A  miserly  churl.  Extravagance- 
Avarice,  Gentility-Democracy. 

cur'-ren-cy.    Money;  publicity.    Money,  Publicity. 

cur'-rent.  Generally  accepted;  now  present;  common; 
a  stream.  Electricity,  Entity-Nonentity,  Habit- 
Desuetude,  Language,  Occurrence-Destiny, 
Publicity,  River-Wind,  Tidings-Mystery,  Time; 


CURRENT. 


248 


CURVATION— RECTILINEARITY. 


iccount  current,  Accounts;  against  the  current,  An- 
tagonism-Concurrence; current  belief,  Assent- 
Dissent;  current  of  events,  Occurrence-Destiny; 
current  of  ideas,  Reflection-Vacancy;  current  of 
time,  Period-Progress;  go  with  the  current,  Con- 
ventionality-Unconventionality;  pass  current, 
Faith-Misgiving,   Publicity,   Society-Ludicrous- 

NESS. 

currente  calamo  [L.]  (cur-ren'-ti  cal'-a-mo) .  With  rapid 
pen.     Writing-Printing. 

cur'-ri-cle.  A  two-wheeled  vehicle.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

cur-ric'-u-lum.     A  course.     Education-Misteaching. 

cur'-ry.  To  rub;  a  sauce.  Condiment,  Friction- 
Lubrication;  curry  favor  with,  Adulation-Disap- 
proval, Love-Hate. 

curse.  To  execrate;  calamity.  Charitableness- 
Curse,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Remedy- 
Bane,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

curs'-ed.  Execrable.  Charitableness-Curse,  Good- 
ness-Badness. 

curs'-ing.    Blasphemy.    Charitableness-Curse. 

cur'-si-tor.    A  law-clerk.    Advocate. 

cur'-so-ry.  Rapid  and  superficial.  Heed-Disregard, 
Hurry-Leisure,  Lastingness-Transientness ;  take 


a  cursory  view  of,  Carefulness-Carelessness, 
Heed-Disregard. 

curst.     Peevish.     Favorite-Moroseness. 

curt.  Concise.  Length-Shortness,  Talkativeness- 
Taciturnity,  Terseness-Prolixity. 

cur-tail'.  To  cut  short.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Length-Shortness;  curtailed  of  its  fair  proportions, 
Beauty-Ugliness,  Length-Shortness,  Propor- 
tion-Deformity. 

cur-tail'-ment.  A  shortening.  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion, Length-Shortness. 

cur'-tain.  A  shade.  Acting,  Attack-Defense,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Exposure -Hidingplace, 
Luminary-Shade;  behind  the  curtain,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Knowledge-Ignorance,  Visibil- 
ity-Invisibility; close  the  curtain,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy;  curtain  lecture,  Approval-Disapproval; 
raise  the  curtain,  Exposure-Hidingplace;  rising  of 
the  curtain,  Appearance-Disappearance. 

curt'-ness.     Shortness.     Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

curt'-sy.  A  bow.  Elevation-Depression,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness, Yielding,  Vibration. 

cu'-rule.     Magisterial.     Council. 

cur-va'-tion.  Act  of  curving.  Curvation-Recti- 
linearity. 


CURVATION— RECTILINEARITY. 


Arcuation.     Bending. 

Bend.     A  change  of  direction  in  a  thing. 

Bending.     The  act  of  causing  to  be  bent. 

Bought.     Flexure. 

Conflexure.     Bending. 

Crook.     Deviation  from  a  straight  line. 

Curl.     Waviness  in  any  object. 

Curling.     The  act  of  putting  into  the  form  of  curls 

Curvation. ") 

Curvature.  fThe  state  of  being  slightly  bent. 

Curvity.      ) 

Deflexion.)   .  .  ,         .. 

_.  .  r  A  turning  from  the  proper  course. 

Devexity.     Downward  curvature. 

Deviation.     Departure  from  the  regular  course. 

Flexion. 

Flexure. 

Incurvation.  f  State  of  being  bent. 

Incurvity. 

Inflexion. 

Recurvity.    " )  State  o£  being  bent  back- 
Sinuosity,    etc.     State    of   having    deep    folds,    etc.     See    Circle- 
Winding. 
Sweep.     Departure  of  a  curve,  etc.,  from  a  rectilinear  line. 
Turn.     Change  of  course. 

Curvation — Denotations. 

Arc.     Anything  in  the  shape  of  an  arch  or  curve. 

Arcade.     A  vaulted  passageway.  # 

Arch.     Any  bow-like  curve,  structure,  or  object. 

Bough.     The  limb  of  a  tree,  which  usually  hangs  in  a  bow-like  curve. 

Bow.     Something  bent  or  curved. 

Cardioid.     A  heart-shaped  curve. 

Caustic.     A  surface  so  curved  as  to  give  the  greatest  amount  of  heat 

in  reflecting  heat  rays. 
Catenary.     The  curve  made  by  a  chain  hanging  by  both  ends. 
Conchoid.     A  geometrical  curve  of  the  fourth  degree. 
Festoon.     A  garland  hanging  in  a  curve  between  two  points. 
Half-moon.     Anything  in  the  shape  of  a  half -moon. 
Hook.     A  device  consisting  of  a  curved  or  bent  piece  of  metal  serving 

to  hold  an  object- 
Horseshoe.     A  U-shaped  metal  shoe  for  a  horse. 
Hyperbola.     A  curve  composed  of  two  branches  which  never  meet. 
Loop.     A  curve  or  bend  of  any  kind. 
Lunule.     A  crescent-shaped  figure. 
Parabola.     A  plane  curve  such  that  the  distance  of  every  point  in  it 

from  the  focus  is  equal  to  the  distance  of  the  same  point  from  a 

fixed  straight  line  called  the  directrix. 
Tracery.     A  scrollwork  of  any  kind. 
Vault.     An  arched  apartment  or  chamber. 


Directness.     The  state  of  being  direct. 

Inflexibility,  etc.     The  state  of  not  bending  easily,  etc.     See  Hard- 

NESS. 

Rectilinearity.     The  state  of  being  rectilinear. 
Straightness.     The  state  of  being  straight. 

Rectilinearity — Denotations. 

Direct  line. 1  ,    .     .  .  .  ,. 
Right  iine.j  A  straight  line. 

Short  cut.     The  straight  line  between  two  points. 
Straight  line.     The  shortest  distance  between  two  points. 

Rectilinearity — Verbs. 

Rectify.     To  set  right  again. 
Straighten.     To  make  straight. 
Unbend.     To  take  the  bend  out  of. 

Uncurl,  etc.     To  cause  something  to  lose  its  curl,  etc.     See  Circle- 
Winding. 
Unfold.     To  lay  the  folds  open. 
Unravel,  etc.     To  disentangle,  etc.     See  Crossing. 
Unwrap.     To  take  the  wrapper  off. 

Rectilinearity — Verbal  Expressions . 

Be  straight,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  go  straight;  have  no  turning;  not 
bend  to  either  side;  not  deviate  to  either  side;  not  incline  to  either 
side;  not  turn  to  either  side;  put  straight;  render  straight;  set 

straight;  steer  for,  etc.  (see  Aim). 

Rectilinearity — Adjectives. 

Direct.     Leading  only  to  one  place. 

Even.     Free  from  abrupt  changes  in  direction. 

In  a  line.     Straight. 

Inflexible,  etc.     Not  to  be  bent,  etc.     See  Hardness 

Rectilineal.!  o.     ... 

Rectilinear./ 

Right.     Mathematically  straight. 

Straight.     Not  crooked. 

Straight  as  an  arrow.     See  Aim. 

True.     Exact. 

Unbent,  etc.     Not  bent,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Undeviating.     Not  deviating. 

Undistorted.     Not  distorted. 

Unswerving.     Not  moving  from  the  right  course. 

Unturned.     Not  turned. 


CURVATION— Continued. 
Curvation — Verbs. 
Arch.     To  make  in  the  shape  of  an  arch. 
Arcuate .     To  make  bow-shaped . 


CURVATION. 


249 


CUT. 


CURVATION— Verbs— Continued. 


Bend.     To  change  the  direction  in  a  thing. 

Bow.     To  bend  over  slightly. 

Concamerate.     To  arch  over. 

Crook.     To  cause  to  deviate  from  a  straight  line. 

Curl.     To  make  in  the  form  of  curls. 

Curve.     To  bend  slightly. 

Deflect.  1  To  turn  from  the  proper  or  regular  course,  etc.     See 

Deviate,  etc./      Aim-Aberration. 

Frizzle.     To  curl. 


Inflect        i  ^°  turn  from  a  straight  course. 
Recurve.     To  bend  back. 
Reenter.     To  turn  in. 
Round.     To  make  round. 

l^J  To  settle. 

Sweep.     To  move  with  a  swinging  motion. 
Turn.     To  move  in  a  different  direction. 


Curvation — Verbal  Phrases. 
Arch  over    be  curved,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  render  curved,  etc.  (see  Adjectives). 

Curvation — Adjectives. 


Bell-shaped,     Shaped  like  a  bell. 

Bowed,  etc.     Bent  over,  etc.     See  Verbs, 

Bow-legged,  etc.     Having  the  legs  bent  in  an  outward  curve,  etc. 

See  Proportion-Deformity. 
Cardioid.     Heart-shaped. 
Circular,  etc.     Like  a  circle,  etc.     See  Circle. 
Conchoidal.     In  the  form  of  a  conchoid. 

Crescentic.     Crescent-shaped. 
Crump.     Crooked. 
Curved,  etc.  ' 


In  the  shape  of  a  curve,  etc.     See  Adjectives 


Curviform. 

Curvi  lineal. 

Curvilinear. 

Devex,     Bending  down. 

Devious.      Departing  from  the  regular  course. 


Bent  like  a  sickle. 


Falcated. 

Falciform,  J 

Fig-shaped.     Shaped  like  a  fig. 

Heart-shaped.     Of  the  form  of  a  heart. 

Hooked.     Shaped  like  a  hook. 

Lenticular. ' 

Lentiform. 


In  the  form  of  a  double  convex  lens. 


Luniform.l 
r.   / 


Lunular.    )  Moon-shaped. 

Oblique,  etc.     Slanting,  etc.     See  Parallelism-Inclination. 
Shaped  like  a  pear. 

Curved  back. 


Pear-shaped. 

Recurved. 

Recurvous. 

Reniform.     Kidney-shaped. 

Semicircular.     Of  the  form  of  a  half -circle. 

Semilunar.     Of  the  form  of  a  half-moon. 

Vaulted.     In  the  form  of  a  vault. 


curv'-a-ture.      Act    of    bending.      Curvation-Recti- 

LINEARITY. 

curve.  To  bend;  a  line  of  which  no  portion  is  straight. 
Aim-Aberration,  Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

curved.  Bent.  Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Paral- 
lelism-Inclination. 

cur'-vet.  To  prance.  Agitation,  Circuition,  Curva- 
tion-Rectilinearity, Spring-Dive,  Vibration. 

cur'-vi-form.      Curved.      Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

cur"-vi-lin'-e-ar.  Formed  by  curved  lines.  Curva- 
tion-Rectilinearity. 

curv'-i-ty.  State  of  being  curved.  Curvation-Recti- 
linearity. 

cush'-ion.  A  pillow.  Alleviation-Aggravation, 
Hardness-Softness,  Pleasure-Pain,  Suspension- 
Support. 

cusp.    A  point.    Angularity,  Sharpness-Bluntness. 

cus'-pid.    A  canine  tooth.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

cus'-pid-ate.    Having  a  cusp.    Sharpness-Bluntness. 

cus'-pi-da"-ted.  Having  cusps.  Sharpness-Blunt- 
ness. 

custodies  quis  cuslodiet  [L.]  (cus-to'-diz  quis  cus-to'- 
di-et).  Who  will  watch  the  watchmen.  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness. 

cus-to'-di-an.  A  guardian.  Guard-Prisoner,  Se- 
curity-Insecurity. 

cus'-tc-dy.  Safe  keeping.  Keeping-Relinquishment, 
Release-Restraint,  Security-Insecurity;  in  cus- 
tody, Guard-Prisoner,  Justification-Charge  ;  take 
into  custody,  Liberty-Subjection,  Release-Re- 
straint. 

cus'-tom.  Habit;  tax;  fashion;  patronage.  Buying- 
Sale,  Exchange,  Habit-Desuetude,  Novelty- 
Antiquity,  Price-Discount,  Society-Ludicrous- 
ness;  custom  honored  in  breach,  Habit-Desuetude, 
Right-Wrong. 

cus'-tom-a-ry.  Habitual.  Habit-Desuetude,  Uni- 
formity-Multiformity, Society-Ludicrousness, 
Universality-Particularity. 

cus'-tom-er.    A  purchaser.     Buying-Sale. 

cus'-tom-house".  Toll-house.  Market.  Custom- 
house officer,  Judicature. 


custos  [L.]  (cus'-tos).    Guardian.    Guard-Prisoner. 

custos  rotulorum  [L.]  (cus'-tos  rot"-yu-lo'-rum) .   Keeper 
of  the  records.     Recorder. 

cut.  To  divide;  to  hew;  to  carve;  to  wound;  a  cleft;  a 
gash;  a  division;  a  print;  a  way;  a  snub.  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Attack-Defense,  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Continuity-Interruption,  Domestica- 
tion-Agriculture, Engraving,  Excitation,  Feel- 
ing-Insensibility, Form-Formlessness,  Heating- 
Cooling,  Impetus-Reaction,  Interspace-Contact, 
Lamina-Fiber,  Length-Shortness,  Pleasura- 
bleness-Painfulness,  Politeness-Impoliteness, 
Sculpture,  Sharpness-Bluntness,  Sociability- 
Privacy,  Teetotalism-Intemperance,  Union-Dis- 
union, Way,  Whole-Part;  cut  according  to  the 
cloth,  Generosity-Frugality,  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion; cut  across,  Transmission;  cut  adrift,  Union- 
Disunion;  cut  a  figure,  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Pomp,  Reputation-Discredit,  Society- 
Ludicrousness;  cut  along,  Swiftness-Slowness; 
cut  and  come  again,  Enough,  Recurrence;  cut  and 
dried,  Organization-Disorganization,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation;  cut  and  run,  Quest-Eva- 
sion; cut  and  thrust,  Attack-Defense;  cut  a  poor 
figure,  Reputation-Discredit;  cut  away,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness; cut  blocks  with  a  razor,  Provision- 
Waste,  Ratiocination-Instinct,  Use-Misuse;  cut 
both  ways,  Evidence-Counterevidence;  cut  capers, 
Spring-Dive;  cut  dead,  Sociability-Privacy;  cut 
direct,  Sociability-Privacy;  cut  down,  Creation- 
Destruction,  Elevation-Depression,  Length- 
Shortness,  Life-Killing;  cut  jokes,  Wittiness- 
Dulness;  cut  in  two,  Doubling-Halving;  cut  of 
one's  jib,  Appearance-Disappearance;  cut  off,  Aj- 
dition-Subtraction,  Gain-Loss,  Life-Killing,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Sociability-Privacy,  Union-Dis- 
union; cut  one's  own  throat,  Skill-Unskilfulness; 
cut  one's  stick,  Arrival-Departure,  Quest-Eva- 
sion; cut  one's  way  through,  Transmission;  cut  out, 
Commutation-Permutation,  Design,  Supremacy- 
Subordinacy;  cut  out  for,  Skill-Unskilfulness; 
cut    out   work,    Management,    Preparation-Non- 


CUT. 


250 


CZOLGOSZ. 


preparation;  cut  the  first  turf,  Beginning-End;  cut 
the  ground  from  under  one,  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence, Proof-Disproof,  Success-Failure; cut 
to  the  heart,  Excitation,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness;  cut  to  the  quick,  Excitation,  Pleasur- 
ableness-Painfulness;  cut  up,  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Contentedness-Discontentment,  Crea- 
tion- Destruction,  Jubilation-  Lamentation, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Pleasure-Pain, 
Union-Disunion;  cut  up  root  and  branch,  Creation- 
Destruction;  cut  up  rough,  Favorite-Anger;  what 
one  will  cut  up  for,  Property. 

cu-ta'-ne-ous.     Pertaining  to  the  skin.     Cover-Lining. 

cu'-ti-cle.     The  outer  skin.     Cover-Lining. 

cu-tic'-u-lar.  Pertaining  to  the  cuticle.  Cover- 
Lining. 

cut'-lass.     A  short  sword.     Weapon. 

cut'-ler-y.     Cutting-instruments.      Sharpness-Blunt- 

NESS. 

cut'-purse".     A  robber.     Robber. 

cut'-ter.  A  sloop.  Conveyance-Vessel,  Sharpness- 
Bluntness. 

cuf-throat".  A  ruffian.  Benefactor-Evildoer, 
Life-Killing. 

cut'-ting.  Sharp;  painful.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Emotion,  Heat-Cold,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness, Sharpness-Bluntness,  Whole-Part. 

cut'-tings.     Selections.     Choice-Rejection,  Digest. 

cut'-ty-stool.  A  seat  of  rebuke.  Repentance-Ob- 
duracy. 

cwt.  A  hundredweight.  Five  -  Quinquesection, 
Heaviness-Lightness. 

cy-an'-o-gen.  A  gas  with  a  purple  flame.  Blueness- 
Orange. 

cy-cle.  A  period;  a  loop.  Periodicity-Irregular- 
ity, Revolution-Evolution. 

cy'-cloid.     Like  a  circle.     Circle-Winding. 

cy-cloi'-dal.    Shaped  like  a  cycloid.     Circle-Winding. 

cy'-clone.  A  tornado.  Revolution-Evolution, 
River- Wind. 

cy"-clo-pe'-di-a.  An  encyclopedia.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Missive-Publication. 

cy"-clo-pe'-an.  Huge  and  strong.  Greatness-Lit- 
tleness, Strength-Weakness. 


Cy'-clops.  A  huge  and  stupid  monster;  a  one-eyed 
giant  in  the  Homeric  legends.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality, Greatness-Littleness, Gull- 
Deceiver,  Strength-Weakness. 

cygne,  chant  du  [F.]  (ciny,  shan-  du).  The  song  of  the 
swan.     Life-Death. 

cygne  noir[F.]  (ciny  nwar).  The  black  swan.  Fault- 
lessness-Faultiness. 

cyl'-in-der.     A  solid  body.     Roundness. 

cy-lin'-dric.     Shaped  like  a  cylinder.     Roundness. 

cy-lin'-dric-al.     Shaped  like  a  cylinder.     Roundness. 

cy-lin-dric'-i-ty.  Quality  of  being  cylindrical.  Round- 
ness. 

cyl'-in-droid.     A  solid  body.     Roundness. 

cy'-ma.     Curved  molding.     Architecture. 

cym'-bal.  A  metallic  instrument.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

cy-moph'-a-nous.     Opalescent.     Variegation. 

cyn'-ic.  A  misanthrope.  Austerity,  Flatterer- 
Defamer,  Humanitarianism-Misanthropy;  closet 
cynic,  Sociability-Privacy. 

cyn'-ic-al.  Pessimistic.  Adulation-Disparagement, 
Approval  -  Disapproval,  Austerity,  Regard- 
Scorn,  Sociability-Privacy. 

cyn'-i-cism.  Discourtesy.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Austerity,  Humanitarianism-Misanthropy, 
Politeness-Impoliteness. 

cy'-no-sure.  An  object  of  interest.  Management, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Sign. 

Cyn'-thi-a.     The  moon.     Mutability-Stability. 

cy'-pher.  Zero.  Number,  Numbering,  Substance- 
Nullity. 

cy'-press.  An  evergreen  tree.  Jubilation-Lamenta- 
tion, Life-Funeral. 

Cyp'-ri-an.     A  courtezan.     Purity-Rake. 

cyst.     A  membranous  sac.     Contents-Receiver. 

cyst'-ic.     Having  cysts.     Contents-Receiver. 

czar.  A  supreme  lord  (Cassar).  The  emperor  of  Russia. 
Chief-Underling,  Tyranny-Anarchy. 

cza-ri'-na.  The  empress  of  Russia.  Chief-Under- 
ling. 

Czol'-gosz.  The  assassin  of  President  McKinley. 
Tyranny-Anarchy. 


DAB. 


251 


DAMPNESS— DRYNESS. 


D 


dab.      An    expert;    a   light    blow.      Adept-Bungler, 

Cover-Lining,  Impetus-Reaction. 
dab'-ble.    To  dip  gently.    Activity-Indolence,  Clean- 

NESS-FlLTHINESS,   WATER-AIR. 

dab'-bled.     Lightly  splashed.     Dampness-Dryness. 

dab'-bler.     One  who  dabbles.     Scholar-Dunce. 

dab'-bling.    Making  a  dab.    Activity-Indolence. 

da  capo  [It.]  (da  ca'-po).  From  the  (head)  beginning. 
A  direction  to  repeat  a  strain  in  music.  Recur- 
rence. 

da-coif.    One  of  a  band  of  robbers  in  India.     Robber. 

dac'-tyl.  A  foot  with  a  long  syllable  followed  by  two 
short  ones.     Poetry-Prose,  Rhetoric. 

dac-tyl'-ic.     Pertaining  to  a  dactyl.     Rhetoric. 

dac-tyl'-i-o-man"-cy.  Divination  with  a  finger-ring. 
Prophecy. 

dac"-tyl-ol'-o-gy.  The  art  of  talking  with  the  fingers. 
Sign. 

dac"-tyl-on'-o-my.  The  art  of  counting  on  fingers. 
Numbering,  Sign. 

dad.     Father.     Parentage-Progeny. 

da'-do.  A  flat  surface  between  a  base  and  a  surbase. 
Top-Bottom. 

dae'-dal.  Artistic.  Sameness-Contrast,  Variega- 
tion. 

dae-da'-li-an.  Cunningly  wrought.  Circle-Winding, 
Skill-Unskilfulness. 

daft.     Weak-minded.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

dag'-ger.  A  weapon.  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness,  Weapon;  air  drawn  dagger,  Fancy;  at  daggers 
drawn,  Amity-Hostility,  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Love-Hate,  Variance-Accord;  look  dag- 
gers, Charitableness-Menace,  Favorite-Anger; 
plant  dagger  in  the  breast,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness;  speak  daggers,  Approval-Disapproval. 

dag'-gle.  To  draggle.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Sus- 
pension-Support. 

dag'-o-ba.    A  Buddhist  shrine.    Fane. 

Da'-gon.  A  Philistine  god.  Revelation-Pseudo- 
revelation. 

da-guerre'-o-type.  A  kind  of  photograph.  Delinea- 
tion-Caricature, Painting. 

dai'-ly.  Every  day.  Frequency-Rarity,  Periodic- 
ity-Irregularity ;  daily  occurrence,  Conven- 
tionality-Unconventionality,  Habit-Desuetude. 

dain'-ty.  Fastidious.  Beauty-Ugliness.  Desire- 
Particularness,  Nutriment- Excretion,  Pala- 
tableness-Unpalatableness,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Sensuality-Suffering,  Taste-Vul- 
garity. 

dai'-ry.  A  place  where  milk  is  made  into  butter.  Con- 
tents-Receiver. 

da'-is.     A  platform.     Scepter,  Suspension-Support. 

dai'-sy.  A  flower.  "Daisies  pied  and  violets  blue." 
[Shakespeare,  Love's  Labor  Lost,  V,  ii.]    Embellish- 


ment-Disfigurement; fresh  as  a  daisy,  Health- 
Sickness.  ' 

dale.    A  valley.    Convexity-Concavity. 

dal'-U-ance.    The  act  of  dallying.    Blandishment. 

dal'-ly.  To  trifle  away  time.  Activity-Indolence, 
Blandishment,  Determination-Vacillation,  Ear- 
liness-Lateness,   Entertainment-Weariness. 

dal-mat'-ic.    A  tunic  with  wide  sleeves.    Vestments. 

dal'-ton-ism.  Color-blindness.  [Named  after  the 
chemist  Dalton.]    Sight-Dimsightedness. 

Dal'-ton's  the'-o-ry.  A  theory  of  chemistry.  Chem- 
istry. 

dam.  A  barrier;  a  female  parent.  Aperture-Closure, 
Lake-Plain,  Obstruction-Help,  Parentage-Prog- 
eny. 

dam'-age.  Destruction  of  value.  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Good-Evil,  Price-Discount. 

dam'-ag-es.  Legal  compensation  in  money.  Recom- 
pense-Penalty. 

dam"-as-cene'.  To  imitate  Damascus  work.  Variega- 
tion. 

dam'-ask.    A  rich  fabric.    Redness-Greenness. 

dame.  A  woman  of  high  position.  Gentility-De- 
mocracy, Instructor-Pupil,  Male-Female. 

damn.  To  condemn ;  to  curse.  Exculpation-Convic- 
tion, Curse;  damn  with  faint  praise.  [Pope.]  Ad- 
ulation-Disparagement, Approval-Disapproval. 

dam'-na-ble.  Deserving  condemnation.  Goodness- 
Badness. 

dam-na'-tion.  The  state  of  being  damned.  Exculpa- 
tion-Conviction. 

dam'-na-to-ry.  Tending  to  condemn.  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Exculpation-Conviction. 

damned.     Given  to  destruction.     Goodness-Badness. 

dam'-ni-fy.  Cause  damage  to.  Betterment- De- 
terioration, Goodness-Badness. 

damnosa  hereditas  [L.]  (dam-no'-sa  hi-red'-i-tas) .  In- 
jurious inheritance.     Friend-Foe. 

Dam'-o-cles,  sword  of.  The  sword  that  hung  by  a 
single  hair,  at  a  feast,  over  Damocles,  a  parasite  and 
courtier  of  Dionysius  of  Syracuse.  Refuge-Pit- 
fall. 

Da'-mon  and  Pyth'-i-as.  Ancient  ideal  friends,  of  Syra- 
cuse.    Friend-Foe. 

damp.  Moist.  Dampness-Dryness,  Heating-Cool- 
ing, Lighth'eartedness-Dejection,  Motive-De- 
hortation,  Obstruction-Help,  Turbulence- 
Calmness,  Wittiness-Dulness;  damp  the  sound, 
Resonance-Nonresonance. 

damp'-er.  That  which  damps  or  checks.  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection,  Motive-Dehortation,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Oven -Refrigerator,  Reso* 
nance-Nonresonance. 

damp'-ness.     Moisture.     Dampness-Dryness. 


DAMPNESS-DRYNESS. 


Dew.     Moisture  from  the  atmosphere  condensed  by  cool  bodies  upon 

their  surfaces. 
Humectation.     A  moistening. 

Humidity.      Dampness  or  moisture,  especially  of  the  atmosphere. 
Madefaction.     The  act  of  making  wet. 
Marsh.     A  tract  of  soft  wet  land.     See  Swamp. 
Moistness.     See  Adjectives. 

Moisture.     Slight  wetness  or  that  which  makes  wet. 
Serein  [P.],     The  night  dew. 


Arefaction.     Act  of  making  dry. 
Aridity.     The  state  of  being  without  moisture. 
Desiccation.     The  act  of  becoming  dry. 
Drainage.     A  gradual  flowing  off  of  water. 
Drought.     Lack  of  rain  or  water 
Dryness.     The  state  of  being  dry. 
Exsiccation.     State  of  being  dried  up. 
Siccity.     Dryness. 


DAMPNESS. 


252 


DAPPER. 


DAMPNESS— DRYNESS— Continued. 


Dampness — Scientific  Terms. 


Dryness — Denotations. 


Hygrometer.  An  instrument  to  measure  the  degree  of  moisture  in 
the  atmosphere. 

Hygrometry.  The  branch  of  physics  which  treats  of  the  determina- 
tion of  the  humidity  of  various  bodies,  especially  the  atmosphere. 

Dampness — Verbs* 
Bedew.     To  wet  with  dew. 
Be  moist.     See  Adjectives. 
Damp.     To  make  damp  or  moderately  wet. 
Drench,  etc.     To  wet  thoroughly.     See  Water. 

Humectate./ Tomakewet;  tomoisten* 

Imbrue.     To  moisten  or  wet,  especially  in  blood. 

Imbue.     To  cause  to  absorb  or  imbibe. 

Infiltrate.     To  enter  a  substance  by  penetrating  through  the  pores. 

Moisten.     To  make  slightly  wet. 

Not  have  a  dry  thread.     To  be  thoroughly  wet. 

Perspire,  etc.     To  emit  the  secretions  of  the  sudoriferous  glands 

through  the  pores  of  the  skin;  to  sweat.     See  Egress. 
Saturate.     To  cause  to  become  thoroughly  soaked  or  penetrated 
Soak.     To  cause  to  take  up  wet  or  moisture. 
Sponge.     To  dampen. 
Wet.     To  moisten  or  fill  with  liquid. 

Dampness — Adjectives. 

Dabbled.     Moistened  by  little  dips. 

Damp.     Between  dry  and  wet. 

Dank.     Damp  and  close. 

Dewy.     Moist  with  dew. 

Dripping.     Falling  in  drops. 

Humid.     Somewhat  wet. 

Irriguous.     Watery;  moist. 

Juicy.     Full  of  juice. 

Moist.     Slightly  wet. 

Muddy.     Turbid  with  mud. 

Muggy.     Damp;  moist. 

Reeking.     Emitting  vapor. 

Roral.     Dewy. 

Rorid.     Bedewed. 

Roscid.     Containing  dew. 

Saturated.     See  Verbs. 

Sloppy.     Wet ;  muddy,  especially  wet  so  as  to  spatter  easily. 

Soaking.     See  Verbs. 

Sodden.     Saturated  or  heavy  with  moisture. 

Soft.     Made  to  yield  to  pressure  by  the  presence  of  moisture. 

Soggy.     Soaked  with  water. 

Swampy,  etc.     Like  a  swamp;  low  and  wet.     See  Swamp. 

Swashy.     Soft,  like  overripe  fruit. 

Undried.     Not  dried. 

Watery,  etc.     Full  of  water.     See  Water. 


Ebb  tide.     The  retiring  or  falling  tide. 

Low  water.     The  sinking  to  the  farthest  ebb  of  the  tide. 

Dryness — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Dephlegmation.     In  chemistry  the  process  of  separating  water  from 
spirits  or  acids. 

Dryness — Verbs. 
Be  dry.     See  Adjectives. 
Be  fine.     To  be  clear  weather 
Desiccate.     To  dry  up  or  become  dry. 
Drain.     To  cause  to  flow  off  by  degrees. 
Dry.     To  free  from  moisture. 
Dry  up.     To  become  dry. 
Exsiccate.     To  exhaust  the  water  from. 
Hold  up.     To  cease  to  rain 
Parch.     To  dry  by  heat. 
Render  dry.     See  A  djectives. 
Soak  up.     To  take  in  by  the  pores. 
Sponge.     To  imbibe  as  a  sponge. 
Swab.     To  dry  with  a  mop. 
Wipe.     To  remove  moisture  by  rubbing. 

Dryness — A  djectives. 
Anhydrous.     Lacking  water. 
Arid.     Devoid  of  moisture. 
Dried.     See  Verbs. 
Dry.     Not  wet  or  moist. 
Dry  as  a  biscuit.     1 
Dry  as  a  bone. 

Dry  as  a  mummy.  V  Extremely  dry.  * 

Dry  as  a  stick. 
Dry  as  dust.  J 

Fine.     Clear  and  bright. 
Husky.     Dry  and  harsh. 
Juiceless.     Destitute  of  juice;  dry. 
Rainless.     Devoid  of  rain. 
Sapless.     Without  sap,  hence  dry,  withered. 
Sear.     Dried  up  or  withered,  as  leaves  in  autumn. 
Undamped.     Not  moistened  or  wet. 
Water-proof.     Impervious  to  water. 
Water-tight.     So  close  or  tight  as  not  to  leak. 
Without  rain.     Dry. 


DAMPNESS— Adjectives— Continued. 
Wet.     Moistened  by  water. 
Wet  through.       \ 
Wet  to  the  skin,  > Thoroughly  wet. 
Wringing  wet.      J 


dam'-sel.  A  maiden.  Infant- Veteran,  Male- 
Female. 

Danae  [Gr.]  (dan'-a-i).  Mother  of  Perseus.  Afflu- 
ence-Penury. 

Danaos  timeo  [L.]  (dan'-a-os  tim'-i-o).  I  fear  the 
Greeks.    Faith-Misgiving,  Recklessness-Caution. 

dance.  To  move  with  measured  steps.  Agitation, 
Entertainment-Weariness,  Jubilation-Lamen- 
tation, Spring-Dive,  Vibration;  dance  attendance, 
Chief-Underling,  Earliness-Lateness,  Petition- 
Expostulation;  dance  the  back  step,  Advance- 
Retrogression;  dance  the  war  dance,  Defiance; 
dance  upon  nothing,  Recompense-Punition;  lead 
one  a  dance,  Quest-Evasion,  Midcourse-Circuit, 
Regard-Disrespect;  lead  the  dance,  Dominance- 
Impotence. 

dance'-mu"-sic.     Music  for  dancing.    Music. 

dan'-der.  Dandruff.  [Slang.]  Anger.  Favorite- 
Anger. 

Dan'-die  Din'-mont.  A  hardy  hairy  terrier  with  short 
tegs-     [J°hn  Brown,  Our  Dogs.]    Fauna-Flora. 

dan'-di-fied.  Having  the  characteristics  of  a  dandy. 
Society-Affectation. 

dan'-di-prat.    A  little  fellow.    Society-Dandy. 

dan'-dle.  To  toss  caressingly  in  the  arms.  Blandish- 
ment. 


dan'-druff.  Scurf  from  the  head.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness. 

dan'-dy.  A  vessel;  a  man  over-refined  in  dress  and 
manners.    Conveyance-Vessel,  Society-Dandy. 

dan'-dy-ism.    Foppishness.    Society-Affectation. 

dan'-ger.  The  state  of  being  exposed  to  any  evil. 
Security-Insecurity;  danger  past,  Security-Inse- 
curity; danger  signal,  Alarm;  in  danger,  Contin- 
gency, Health-Sickness. 

dan'-ger-ous.  Full  of  danger.  Security-Insecurity; 
dangerous  classes,  Benefactor-Evildoer;  danger- 
ous illness,  Health-Sickness;  dangerous  person, 
Refuge-Pitfall. 

dan'-gle.  To  hang  loosely.  Pomp,  Suspension-Sup- 
port, Vibration. 

dan'-gler.    One  who  dangles.    Leading-Following. 

Dan'-iel  come  to  jude'-ment,  a.  An  upright  judge. 
[Shakespeare,  Merchant  of  Venice,  IV,  i.]     Judge. 

Dan'-iel,  second.  A  second  upright  judge  [Shake- 
speare, Merchant  of  Venice,  IV,  i.]     Sage-Focjl. 

dank.    Filled  with  cold  moisture.    Dampness-Dryness. 

Dan  to  Be-er'-she-ba.  The  two  extreme  points  of  Pales- 
tine; the  whole  length  of  the  land.  Extension- 
District. 

dap'-per.  Neat  in  appearance.  Beauty-Ugliness 
Greatness-Littleness. 


DAPPERLING. 


253 


DE  FACTO. 


dap'-per-ling.    A  little  fellow.    Greatness-Littleness. 
dap'-ple.     To  mark  with  spots.     Gray-Brown. 

dap'-pled.     Marked  with  spot*.     Variegation. 

Dar'-by  and  Jo'-an.  The  characters  in  the  ballad, 
Tlie  Happy  Couple.  Matrimony -Celibacy,  So- 
ciability-Privacy. 

dare.  To  defy.  Defiance,  Bravery-Cowardice; 
dare  say,  Faith-Misgiving,  Hypothesis,  Likeli- 
hood-Unlikelihood. 

dare'-dev"-il.  A  reckless  person.  Brawler,  Reck- 
lessness-Caution. 

dar'-ing.  Having  courage.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Defiance;  daring  imagination,  Fancy. 

dark.  Without  light.  Clearness-Obscurity,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Light-Darkness,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection,  Luminary-Shade,  Mani- 
festation-Latency, Sight-Blindness,  Upright- 
ness-Dishonesty, Visibility-Invisibility,  White- 
ness-Blackness; dark  ages,  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance; dark  cloud,  Welfare-Misfortune;  dark 
lantern,  Luminary-Shade;  dark  retreat,  City-Coun- 
try; in  the  dark,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance; keep  dark,  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy; leap  in  the  dark,  Purpose-Luck,  Security- 
Insecurity,  Trial;  view  with  dark  eyes,  Approval- 
Disapproval. 

dark'-en.    To  make  dark.    Clearness-Obscurity. 

dark'-ly.  In  a  dark  manner.  Sight-Blindness;  see 
through  a  glass  darkly,  Clearness-Obscurity, 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Sight-Dimsightedness. 

dark'-ness.  Absence  of  light.  Dimness.  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Light-Darkness,  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency, Whiteness-Blackness;  children 
of  darkness,  Godliness-Ungodliness;  powers  of 
darkness,  Angel-Satan. 

dark'-y.     A  negro.     Whiteness-Blackness. 

dar'-ling.  A  favorite.  Favorite-Anger,  Love- 
Hate. 

darn.     To  repair.     Renovation-Relapse. 

dart.  To  move  quickly;  a  weapon.  Push-Pull, 
Swiftness-Slowness,  Weapon;  dart  to  and  fro, 
Hurry-Leisure. 

dash.  A  sudden  onset.  Activity-Indolence,  Brav- 
ery-Cowardice, Hurry-Leisure,  Impetus-Re- 
action, Magnitude-Smallness,  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity, Push-Pull,  Sign,  Swiftness-Slowness; 
cut  a  dash,  Pomp,  Reputation-Discredit;  dash  at, 
Attack-Defense,  Determination- Vacillation  ; 
dash  cup  from  lips,  Leave-Prohibition;  dash  down, 
Elevation-Depression;  dash  hopes,  Expectation- 
Disappointment,  Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness,  Success-Failure; 
dash  of  the  pen,  Writing-Printing;  dash  off,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Hurry-Leisure,  Painting, 
Swiftness-Slowness,  Writing-Printing;  dash, 
on,  Hurry-Leisure,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

dashed.  Suddenly  and  violently  thrown.  Bravery- 
Cowardice,  Impetus-Reaction,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection, Magnitude-Smallness,  Mixture- 
Homogeneity,  Push-Pull,  Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness,  Sign,  Success-Failure. 

dash'-ing.  Spirited.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Pomp, 
Society-Ludicrousness. 

das'-tard.  One  who  meanly  avoids  danger.  Bravery- 
Cowardice. 

das'-tard-ly.     Sneaking.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

das'-tard-ness.  The  quality  of  being  a  dastard. 
Bravery-Cowardice. 

das'-tard-y.     Base  cowardice.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

da'-ta.  Admitted  facts.  Evidence-Counterevi- 
dence,  Hypothesis,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

date.  Assigned  time.  Chronology-Anachronism, 
Duration-Neverness. 

da'-tive.     A  grammatical  case.     Noun. 


daub.     To  smear  with  some   soft  material.     Clean- 

NESS-FlLTHINESS,        CoVER-LlNING,         DeLINEATION- 

Caricature. 

daub'-ing.  The  act  of  one  who  daubs.  Delineation- 
Caricature. 

daugh'-ter.     A  female  child.     Parentage-Progeny. 

daunt.  To  subdue  by  fear.  Sanguineness-Timid- 
ity. 

daunt'-less.  Not  capable  of  being  daunted.  Brav- 
ery-Cowardice. 

dav'-en-port.  A  small  writing-desk.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

Davus  sum,  non  CEdipus  [L.]  (de'-vus  sum,  non  ed'-i- 

fms).  lam  Davus  [an  ordinary  man],  not  CEdipus 
a  wise  man].  Craft-Artlessness,  Sagacity-In- 
capacity, WlTTINESS-DuLNESS. 

Da'-vy  lamp.  A  safety -lamp.  [Humphry  Davy.] 
Chemistry. 

daw'-dle.  To  waste  by  idling.  Activity-Indolence, 
Determination  -  Vacillation,  Earliness  -  Late- 
ness, Swiftness-Slowness. 

daw'-dling.  Wasting  in  idleness.  Activity  -  Indo- 
lence. 

dawk.     An  East-Indian  runner.     Messenger. 

dawn.  Daybreak.  Antecedence-Sequence,  Be- 
ginning-End, Dimness,  Knowledge-Ignorance, 
Morning-Evening,  Predecessor-Continuation. 

daw'-pluck"-er.  A  calumniator.  Flatterer-De- 
famer. 

day.  The  time  of  sunlight.  Light-Darkness,  Meas- 
ure, Period-Progress,  Time;  all  day,  Lasting- 
ness-Transientness;  all  in  one's  day's  work,  Occu- 
pation; clear  as  day,  Certainty-Doubt,  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity, Manifestation-Latency;  close 
of  day,  Morning-Evening;  day  after  day,  Fre- 
quency -  Rarity,  Lastingness  -Transientness; 
day  after  the  fair,  Opportuneness-Unsuitable- 
ness;  day  after  to-morrow,  Future-Past;  day  and 
night,  Freq'  tncy-Rarity;  day  before  yesterday, 
Future-Past;  day  by  day,  Duration-Neverness, 
Periodicity-Irregularity,  Recurrence;  day  of 
judgment,  Future-Past;  day  of  rest,  Toil-Relax- 
ation; day  one's  own,  Success-Failure;  days 
gone  by,  Future-Past;  days  numbered,  Lasting- 
ness-Transientness,  Life-Death;  days  of  week, 
Periodicity-Irregularity;  decline  of  day,  Morn- 
ing-Evening; denizens  of  the  day,  Fauna-Flora; 
happy  as  -the  day  is  long,  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection, Pleasure-Pain;  have  had  its  day,  Nov- 
elty-Antiquity; labor  day  and  night,  Toil-Relax- 
ation; open  as  day,  Craft-Artlessness;  order  of 
the  day,  Habit-Desuetude;  red  letter  day,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance; see  the  light  of  day,  Visi- 
bility-Invisibility; to  this  day,  Time. 

day'-book.  Journal  of  accounts.  Accounts,  Mark- 
Obliteration. 

day'-break.  Early  dawn.  Dimness,  Morning- 
Evening. 

day'-dream.  A  reverie.  Fancy,  Sanguineness- 
Timidity. 

day'-la"-bor-er.     One  who  works  by  the  day.    Agent. 

day'-light".  Sunlight.  Light-Darkness;  see  day- 
light, Clearness-Obscurity. 

daze.     To  confuse.     Light-Darkness. 

daz'-zle.  To  overcome  with  light.  Astonishment- 
Expectation,  Heed-Disregard,  Light-Darkness, 
Right-Wrong,  Sight-Blindness. 

daz'-zle-ment.     That  which  dazzles. 

daz'-zling.     Very  bright.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

de  die  in  diem  [L.]  (di  dai'-i  in  dai'-em) .  From  day  to 
day.  Duration-Neverness,  Periodicity-Irregu- 
larity. 

de  facto  [L.]  (di  fac'-to).  In  fact.  Entity-Non- 
entity. 


DE  FOND  EN  COMBLE. 


2M 


DEATH-BLOW. 


dt  fond  en  comble  [F.]  (de  forr  ton-  conbl)  From  the 
foundation.     Entirety-Deficiency. 

de  novo  [L.]  (di  no'-vo).  From  the  beginning.  Re- 
currence. 

de  omnibus  rebus  [L.]  (di  om'-ni-bus  ri'-bus).  Con- 
cerning all  things.     Uniformity-Multiformity. 

dea'-con.    A  church  officer.    Ministry-Laity. 

dea'-con-ess.     A  female  deacon.    Ministry-Laity. 

dea'-con-ry.     The  office  of  a  deacon.    Church. 

dea'-con-ship.     The  office  of  a  deacon.    Church. 

dead.  Having  ceased  to  live.  Color-Achromatism, 
Feeling-Insensibility,  Life-Death,  Vigor-In- 
ertia; dead  against,  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Sameness-Contrast;  dead  asleep,  Activity-Indo- 
lence; dead  beat,  Might-Impotence,  Success- 
Failure;  dead  certainty,  Certainty-Doubt;  dead 
color,  Painting;  dead  cut,  Sociability-Privacy; 
dead  drunk,  Teetotalism-Intemperance;  dead  fail- 
ure, Success-Failure;  dead  flat,  Erectness-Flat- 
ness;  dead  heat,  Equality-Inequality;  dead  lan- 
guages, Language;  dead  letter,  Duty-Dereliction, 
Law-Lawlessness,  Meaning-Jargon,  Might-Im- 
potence, Rule-License,  Usefulness-Uselessness  ; 
dead  lift,  Toil-Relaxation;  dead  lock,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Discontinuance-Continuance,  Move- 
ment-Rest; dead  march,  Life-Funeral;  dead  of 
night,  Light-Darkness,  Morning-Evening;  dead 
reckoning,  Mensuration,  Numbering;  dead  secret, 
Tidings-Mystery;  dead  set  against,  Antagonism- 
Concurrence;  dead  set  at,  Attack-Defense;  dead 
shot,  Adept-Bungler;  dead  silence,  Sound-Silence; 
dead  sound,  Resonance-Nonresonance;  dead  stop, 
Discontinuance-Continuance;  dead  to,  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy; dead  wall,  Attack-Defense,  Ob- 
struction-Help; dead  water,  Gulf-Plain;  dead 
weight,  Obstruction-Help;  more  dead  than  alive, 
Weariness- Refreshment. 

dead'-en.  To  lessen  the  force  of.  Might-Impotence, 
Sensitiveness- Apathy,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

dead'-house.  A  place  where  dead  bodies  are  tempo- 
rarily kept;  a  morgue.     Life-Funeral. 

dead'-ly.  Able  to  cause  death.  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Healthiness-Unhealthiness,  Life-Killing; 
deadly  sin,  Innocence-Guilt;  deadly  weapon,  Life- 
Killing,  Weapon. 

dead'-ness.  The  state  of  being  dead.  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

deaf.  Devoid  of  hearing.  Hearing-Df.afness,  Heed- 
Disregard;  deaf  and  dumb,  Vocalization-Mute- 
ness; deaf  to,  Sensitiveness-Apathy;  deaf  to  advice, 
Bigotry-Apostasy;  deaf  to  reason,  Favorite- 
Moroseness;  turn  deaf  ear  to,  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Credulousness-Skepticism,  Hearing- 
Deafness,  Proffer-Refusal. 

deaf-en.  Make  deaf.  Hearing-Deafness,  Loudness- 
Faintness. 

deaf'-ened.    Made  deaf.     Hearing-Deafness. 

deaf'-en-ing.  Making  incapable  of  hearing.  Loudness- 
Faintness. 

deaf'-ness.  The  state  of  being  deaf.  Hearing-Deaf- 
ness. 

deal.  To  distribute.  Assignment,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Organization-Disorganization;  deal 
a  blow,  Attack-Defense,  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Recompense-Punition;  deal  board,  Hard- 
ness-Softness; deal  in,  Exchange;  deal  out,  Gath- 
ering-Scattering, Giving-Receiving;  deal  with, 
Conduct,  Essay,  Exchange. 

deal'-er.     A  trader.     Dealer. 

DEALER. 

Banker.     One  engaged  in  the  business  of  banking 
Broker,  etc.     One  who  does  business  for  another,  as  an  agent  who 
buvs  and  sells  on  commission.     See  Consignee. 


Buyer,  etc.     One  who  buys.     See  Purchase. 

Cadger.     A  traveling  or  itinerant  huckster;  a  codger. 

Cambist.     A  dealer  in  bills  of  exchange ;  a  banker. 

Chandler.  One  who  makes  and  sells  candles,  also  a  dealer  in  othet 
commodities. 

Changer.     One  who  changes,  especially  a  money-changer. 

Chapman.     A  dealer  in  small  wares. 

Colporteur.  One  who  sells  or  gives  away  Bibles  and  religious  litera- 
ture. 

Costerman.     One  who  sells  fruit,  vegetables,  etc. 

Costermonger.     A  dealer  in  fruits  or  vegetables  of  any  kind. 

Dealer.     One  who  deals  or  has  to  do  with  others ;  a  trader. 

Hawker.     One  who  sells  goods  in  the  street  by  crying  them. 

Higgler.     One  who  peddles  provisions  ;  one  who  higgles  or  chaffers. 

Huckster.     A  retailer  of  small  wares,  provisions,  etc. 

Jobber.     A  dealer  in  public  stocks. 

Mercer.    A  dealer  in  silks,  cloths  and  laces. 

Merchant.  One  who  buys  and  sells  commodities  for  a  profit  and  as  a 
business 

Money  broker.     A  broker  who  deals  in  money  or  bills  of  exchange. 

Money  changer.     A  broker. 

Moneyer.  )   ,    .,     . 

Money  lender.  1  A  dealer  m  money- 

Monger.     A  dealer  or  trader. 

Pedler.     One  who  travels  from  house  to  house  retailing  small  wares. 

Regrater.  One  who  buys  corn  or  provisions  at  a  fair  or  market  with 
the  view  of  selling  them  again  in  the  community  at  a  higher  price. 

Retailer.  fc  One  who  sells  goods  directly  to  the  consumer. 

Salesman.     One  who  sells  goods. 

Seller,  etc.     A  person  who  sells.     See  Buying-Sale. 

Shopkeeper.     One  who  sells  goods  in  a  shop ;  a  retailer. 

Shopman.     One  who  keeps  a  shop. 

Sutler.  A  person  who  follows  an  army  and  is  licensed  to  sell  goods 
to  the  soldiers. 

Tallyman.     One  who  sells  goods  on  the  instalment  plan. 

Trader.     One  who  trades  or  is  engaged  in  trade  or  commerce. 

Tradesfolk.     People  engaged  in  trade. 

Tradesman.     A  person  engaged  in  trade. 

Tradespeople.     People  employed  in  trade. 

Trust.     Several  concerns  united  to  form  a  monopoly. 

Usurer.     One  who  lends  money  at  interest  above  the  legal  rate. 

Vintner.     A  wine-merchant. 

Vivandiere  [F.].     A  female  sutler. 

Dealer — Denotations. 

Autolycus.     A  rogue  in  Shakespeare's  Winter's  Tale. 

Dealer — Collective  Nouns. 

Concern.     Persons  associated  in  business. 

Firm,  etc.     Th«  union  of  two  or  more  people  for  transacting  business 

deal'-ings.  Business  transactions.  Action-Passive- 
ness;  have  dealings  with,  Amity-Hostility,  Ex- 
change. 

dean.    A  church  officer.     Ministry-Laity. 

dean'-er-y.    The  office  of  a  dean.    Church,  Fane. 

dear.  Expensive.  Costliness-Cheapness,  Favorite- 
Anger,  Love-Hate;  dear  at  any  price,  Propriety- 
Impropriety,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  dear  mel 
Astonishment-Expectance;  O  dear!  Jubilation- 
Lamentation;  pay  dear  for  whistle,  Propriety- 
Impropriety,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

dear'-ly.    At  high  price.    Costliness-Cheapness. 

dear'-ness.     High  price.     Costliness-Cheapness. 

dearth.    Scarcity.     Excess-Lack. 

death.  Extinction  of  life.  Beginning-End,  Discon- 
tinuance-Continuance, Life-Death;  be  the  death 
of  one,  Entertainment-Weariness;  death  in  the 
pot,  Healthiness-Unhealthiness,  Refuge  Pit- 
fall; house  of  death,  Life-Funeral;  in  at  the  death, 
Arrival-Departure,  Completion-Noncompletion, 
Life-Killing,  Persistence-Whim;  pale  as  death, 
Color-Achromatism,  Sanguineness-Timidity;  put 
to  death,  Life-Killing;  still  as  death,  Movement- 
Rest;  violent  death,  Life-Killing. 

death'-bed  re-pent'-ance.  Repentance  while  dying. 
Repentance-Obduracy. 

death'-blow.      Fatal    blow.      Beginning-Ev*\    Lifb- 

KlLLING,  SUCCESS-FAILUR'E. 


DEATHLESS. 


255 


DECIMAL. 


death'-less.  Undying.  Eternity-Instantaneiyy, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

death'-like.  Resembling  death.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Sound-Silence. 

death' -song.  A  funeral  hymn.  Jubilation-Lamenta- 
tion, Life-Death. 

death'-strug"-gle.    A  final  effort.    Strife-Peace. 

death'- war"-rant.  An  official  order  directing  one's 
execution.    Exculpation-Conviction,  Life-Death. 

death'-watch.    The  last  vigil.    Warning. 

de-bac'-le.  A  violent  flood.  Ascent-Descent,  Crea- 
tion-Destruction, River-Wind. 

de-bar'.  To  bar  out.  Leave-Prohibition,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help, Release-Restraint. 

de-bark'.    To  go  ashore.    Arrival-Departure. 

de"-bark-a'-tion.  The  act  of  going  ashore.  Arrival- 
Departure. 

de-base'.  To  lower  morally.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Cleanness-Filthiness,  Elevation-De- 
pression, Reputation-Discredit. 

de-based'.  Lowered  morally.  Height-Lowness,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

de-base'- ment.  A  debased  condition.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Height-Lowness,  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

de-ba'-ta-ble.  Subject  to  debate.  Certainty-Doubt, 
Ratiocination-Instinct. 

de-bate'.  To  argue.  Conversation-Monologue,  De- 
termination -  Vacillation,  President  -  Member, 
Ratiocination-Instinct,  Strife-Peace. 

de-ba'-ter.  One  who  debates.  Ratiocinat'cn-In- 
stinct. 

de-bauch'.  To  corrupt.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Moderation-Selfindulgence,  Purity-Im- 
purity. 

de-bauched'.  Corrupted.  Moderation-Selfindul- 
gence, Purity-Impurity. 

deb"-au-chee'.     A  libertine.     Purity-Rake. 

de-bauch'-er-y.  Excessive  indulgence  in  the  passions. 
Moderation-Selfindulgence,  Purity-Impurity. 

de-ben'-ture.  A  kind  of  bond.  Credit-Debt,  Money, 
Security. 

deb'-ile.     Weak.     Strength-Weakness. 

de-bil'-i-tate.     To  make  weak.     Strength-Weakness. 

de-bil'-i-ty.     Lack  of  vigor.     Strength-Weakness. 

deb'-it.     A  debt.     Accounts,  Credit-Debt. 

deb'-it-or.     A  debtor.     Credit-Debt. 

deb"-o-nair' .  Affable.  Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

de-bouch'.  Pass  out.  Arrival-Departure,  En- 
trance-Exit. 

dibouche  [F.]  (de-bu-she).  An  opening.  Entrance- 
Exit. 

de"-bris\  Ruins.  Friability,  Usefulness-Use- 
lessness,  Whole-Part. 

debt.  An  obligation.  Credit-Debt,  Property;  debt 
of  nature,  Life-Death;  get  out  of  debt,  Settlement- 
Default;  out  of  debt,  Affluence-Penury. 

debt'-or.  One  who  owes.  Credit-Debt,  Settle- 
ment-Default; debtor  and  creditor,  Accounts. 

de-but'.     First  attempt.     Beginning-End,  Venture. 

d6"-bu-tant'.  One  who  makes  a  debut.  Acting, 
Instructor-Pupil. 

d^'-bu-tante'.     A  female  debutant.     Acting. 

dec'-ade.  A  group  of  ten.  Duration-Neverness, 
Five-Quinquesection,  Period-Progress. 

de-ca'-dence.  A  decline  in  force.  Betterment-De- 
terioration. 

de-ca'-den-cy.  Decadence.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion. 

dec'-a-gon.  A  figure  having  ten  sides  and  ten  angles. 
Angularity. 

dec'-a-gram.     A  weight  of  ten  grams.     Measure. 

dec'-a-li"-ter.  A  measure  of  ten  liters  capacity. 
Measure. 


dec'-a-logue.  The  ten  commandments.  Duty-Dere- 
liction. 

dec'-a-me"-ter.  A  measure  of  ten  meters  of  length. 
Measure. 

de-camp'.  To  run  away.  Arrival-Departure,  Quest- 
Evasion. 

de-camp'-ment.  Act  of  decamping.  Arrival-De- 
parture. 

de-cant'.     To  pour  gently.     Transfer. 

de-cant'-er.  A  vessel  for  decanting.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

de-cap'-i-tate.     To  behead.     Recompense-Punition. 

de-cap"-i-ta'-tion.  The  act  of  beheading.  Recom- 
pense-Punition. 

de-cay'.  To  deteriorate.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Cleanness-Filthiness,  Enlargement-Dim- 
inution, Health-Sickness,  Increase-Decrease, 
Novelty-Antiquity,  Welfare-Misfortune;  de- 
cay of  memory,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness; 
natural  decay,  Life-Death. 

de-cayed'.  Gone  into  decay.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Health-Sickness,  Novelty-Antiquity, 
Strength-Weakness,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

de-cease'.     Death.     Life-Death. 

de-ceased'.     Dead.     Life-Death. 

de-ceit'.  The  act  of  deceiving.  Craft-Artlessness, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

de-ceit'-ful.  Tending  to  deceive.  Craft-Artless- 
ness, Truth-Error,  Truthfulness-Falsehood, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

de-ceive'.  To  mislead.  Education-Misteaching, 
Truth-Error,  Truthfulness-Falsehood,  TiTuth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

de-ceived'.  Misled.  Gull-Deceiver,  Truth-Error, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

de-ceiv'-er.     One  who  deceives.     Gull-Deceiver. 

de-ceiv'-ing.     Misleading.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

de'-cen-cy.  The  quality  of  being  decent.  Purity- 
Impurity. 

de-cen'-ni-um.   A  decade  of  years.     Period-Progress. 

de'-cent.  Having  propriety  of  conduct,  speech,  etc. 
Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Purity-Impurity. 

de-cen'-tral-ize.  To  remove  from  the  center.  Com- 
position-Resolution. 

deceptio  visits  [L.]  (di-sep'-shi-o  vai'-sus).  Optical 
illusion.     Sight-Dimsightedness. 

de-cep'-tion.  The  act  of  deceiving.  Truthfuxness- 
Falsehood,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

de-cep'-tive.  Tending  t6  deceive.  Ratiocination- 
Instinct,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  deceptive  reason- 
ing, Ratiocination-Instinct. 

de-ces'-sion.     Departure.     Arrival-Departure. 

de-chris'-tian-ize.  To  turn  from  Christianity.  God- 
liness-Disbelief. 

de-cide'.  Come  to  a  decision.  Cause-Effect,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Choice-Neutrality,  Decision-Mis- 
judgment,  Security-Insecurity. 

de-ci'-ded.  Free  from  doubt.  Assertion-Denial, 
Beginning-End,  Certainty-Doubt,  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation, Magnitude-Smallness;  take  a 
decided  step,  Choice-Neutrality. 

de-ci'-ded-ly.    With  decision.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

de-cid'-u-ous.  Falling  off  in  season.  Ascent-De- 
scent, Betterment-Deterioration,  Lastingness- 
Transientness. 

decies  repetita  placebit  [L.]  (di'-si-iz  rep-i-tai'-ta  pla- 
si'-bit).  Ten  times  repeated  it  will  still  please. 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

dec'-i-gram.  A  measure  of  weight  equal  to  ten  grams. 
Measure. 

dec'-i-li"-ter.  A  measure  of  capacity  equal  to  ten  liters. 
Measure. 

dec'-i-mal.  Pertaining  to  decimals.  Five-Quinque- 
section. Number. 


DECIMATE. 


256 


DECISION— MISJUDGMENT. 


dec'-i-mate.  To  kill  one  out  of  ten.  Addition-Sub- 
traction, Betterment  -  Deterioration,  Five- 
quinquesection,  llfe-kllling,  mljltiplicity- 
Paucity,  Recompense-Punition,  Strength-Weak- 
ness. 

dec"-i-ma'-tion.  The  act  of  decimating.  Five- 
Quinquesection,  Multiplicity-Paucity. 

dec-ime'.     A  French  coin.     Values. 


dec'-i-me"-ter.     One-tenth  of  a  meter.     Measure. 

dec'-i-mo.     A  Spanish  coin.     Values. 

de-ci'-pher.  To  make  out  the  sense  of.  Interpreta- 
tion-Misinterpretation. 

de-ci'-sion.  Act  of  deciding.  Choice-Neutrality, 
Decision-Misjudgment,  Determination-Vacilla- 
tion, Litigation,  Purpose-Luck. 


DECISION-MISJUDGMENT. 


Adjudication.     The  act  of  rendering  judgment. 

Appreciation.     True  and  adequate  judgment  or  estimation. 

Arbitrament.     Act  of  judging  by  arbitration. 

Arbitration.     Hearing  and  judging  a  question  by  a  party  mutually 

agreed  upon  by  the  interested  ones. 
Arbitrement.     See  Arbitrament. 
Assessment.     Apportionment,  as  taxes. 
Award.     A  judgment,  sentence,  or  final  decision. 
Casting  vote.      Decisive  vote  of  a  presiding  officer.     ' 
Conclusion.     The  act  of  coming  to  a  judgment. 
Corollary.     A  consequence. 

Criticism.     Art  of  judging  with  knowledge  and  propriety. 
Critique.     Critical  estimate  of  a  work. 

Decision.     Act  of  settling  by  giving  judgment  on  the  matter  at  issue. 
Decree.     A  decision  or  sentence  given  in  an  equity  court. 
Deduction.     Act  of  judgment  by  deducing. 
Determination.     Result  of  deliberation. 

Dijudication.     Act  of  judgment  by  discerning  or  distinguishing. 
Ergotism.     A  logical  judgment. 

Estimate.     A  rating  by  the  mind  without  actually  measuring 
Estimation.     A  judgment  formed  without  precise  data. 
Finding.      Result  of  a  judicial  examination  or  inquiry. 
Good  judgment.     Coming  to  a  just  decision.     See  Sagacity. 
Illation.     Judgment  by  inference;  deduction. 

Inference.     That  which  is  deduced  by  reason  of  something  known. 
Judication.      Decision. 

Judgment.     Conclusion  or  result  of  judging. 
Moral.     The  judgment  to  be  inferred  from  a  fable  or  the  like. 
Notice.     An  announcement. 

Opinion.     Conviction  founded  on  probable  evidence. 
Plebiscite.     Expression  of  will  by  popular  vote. 
Ponderation.     Act  of  judging  thoughtfully. 
Porism.     A  corollary. 

Report.      Announcement  of  the  result  of  an  inquiry. 
Res  judicata  [L.].     A  decided  point  of  law. 
Result.     The  outcome  of  an  action;  effect;  consequence. 
Review.     A  critical  examination. 

Sentence.     A  judgment,  especially  one  of  an  unfavorable  nature. 
Upshot.     Final  outcome;  result. 
Valuation.     A  judgment  of  worth. 
Verdict.      Decision  of  a  jury. 
Voice.     Opinion  or  choice  expressed. 
Vote.     Expression  of  will  or  choice.     See  Choice. 

Decision — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Arbiter.     One  who  arbitrates.     See  Verbs. 

Arbitrator.     See  Verbs. 

Assessor.     One  with  special  knowledge  of  the  subject  to  be  decided, 

appointed  to  assist  a  judge. 
Censor.     One  empowered  to  judge  critically. 
Commentator.     One  who  writes  in  annotation ;  an  expounder. 
Connoisseur.     A  competent  judge  of  art. 
Critic.     One  who  judges  anything  by  some  standard. 
Inspecting  officer.      An  officer  who  examines  and  criticizes. 
Inspector.     A  supervisor;  overseer. 

Judge.     A  judicial  officer  empowered  to  administer  justice. 
Referee.     One  to  whom  a  thing  is  left  for  judgment. 
^Reviewer.     One  who  examines  for  critical  judgment. 
Umpire.      One    chosen    to    decide    a   question,  if  arbitators  shall 
disagree 

Decision — Verbs. 

Account.     To  give  a  reckoning. 

Adjudge,     lo  decide  judicially. 

Adjudicate.     To  act  as  a  judge. 

Appreciate.     To  judge  the  true  worth  of  anything. 

Arbitrate.     To  judge  as  an  arbitrator.     See  Arbitration. 

Arrive  at  a  conclusion.     To  come  to  a  decision. 

Ascertain.     To  judge  with  certainty;  define. 

Assess.     To  charge  with  a  tax,  based  on  a  judgment  of  property. 

Award.     To  adjudge  among  contestants. 

Bring  in  a  verdict.     To  return  a  decision. 


Fixed  idea.     An  idea  firmly  established  as  by  prejudice. 

Fool's  paradise.     Misjudged  happiness. 

Foregone  conclusion.     A  conclusion  made  up  beforehand. 

Hasty  conclusion.     A  conclusion  arrived  at  without  due  deliberation. 

I  die  fixe  [F.].     Idea  dominating  the  mind. 

Mentis  gratissimus  error  [L.j\     A  mistake  that  affords  pleasure. 

Miscalculation.     Erroneous  estimate. 

Miscomputation.     False  reckoning. 

Misconception.     Wrong  understanding. 

Misjudgment.     Wrong,  or  unjust  determination. 

Obliquity  of  judgment.     Judgment  deviating  from  moral  rectitude 

Preapprehension.     An  apprehension  formed  before  examination. 

Preconceived  idea.     An  idea  formed  beforehand. 

Preconception.     Opinion  or  conception  formed  beforehand. 

Predilection.     A  previous  liking. 

Prejudgment.     Judgment  before  due  examination. 

Prejudication.     Act  of  judging  without  duly  examining  facts  and 

evidence. 
Prenotion.     A  notion  preceding  something  else. 
Prepossession.     Preoccupation;  preconceived  opinion 
Presentiment.     An  anticipation  of  future  evil. 
Presumption.     Misjudged  confidence. 

Misjudgment — Nouns  of  Cause. 
Bias.     Prejudice. 

Bigotry.     Obstinate  attachment  to  a  cause.     See  Bigotry. 
Blind  side.     The  side  on  which  one  is  least  able  to  see  danger. 
Clannishness.     State  of  being  actuated  by  the  traditions  of  a  clan. 
Confined  views.     Views  limited  and  mean. 
Crotchet.     A  peculiar  conceit. 
Doctrinaire  [F.].     A  political  theorist. 
Esprit  de  corps  [F.].     The  animating  spirit  of  a  body. 
Fad.     A  passing  whim. 

Hypercriticism.     Excessive  harshness  of  criticism;  Zoilism. 
Infatuation.     State  of  being  affected  with  folly. 

Mote  in  the  eye.  Anything  which  causes  imperfect  judgment.  [Bible.) 
Narrow  mi:.d.     A  contracted  intellect. 
Narrow  views.     A  contracted  mental  outlook. 
Odium  theologicum  [L.].     The  hatred  which  contending  theologians 

bear  each  other. 
Partiality.     State  of  being  partial. 

Partial  views.     Views  incfined  to  favor  without  principle. 
Partisanship.     Feelings  appropriate  to  a  partizan. 
Party  spirit.     Devotion  to  party. 
Pedantry      A  vulgar  display  of  knowledge. 
Prestige.     Ascendancy  based  on  known  power. 

Misjudgment — Verbs. 
Bias.     To  prejudice. 
Dare  pondus  junto  [L.].     Give  weight  to  smoke  ;  make  much  out  of 

little. 
Dogmatize.     To  express  oneself  in  an  arrogant  manner. 
Fly  in  the  face  of  facts.     To  set  facts  at  defiance. 
Forejudge.     To  judge  before  hearing  the  facts  or  proofs. 
Get  the  wrong  sow  by  the  ear.     To  happen  upon  the  wrong  thing  or 

conclusion      See  Adept-Bungler. 

Give  a  bias.  \  T  k    prejuaiced;  misrepresent. 

Give  a  twist.  J 

Have  a  bias.     To  be  prejudiced. 

Have  only  one  idea.     To  be  narrow-minded. 

Jurare  in  verba  magistri  [L.].     To  swear  by  the  words  of  a  master. 

to  echo  his  sentiments. 
Jump  to  a  conclusion.     To  conclude  hastily. 
Look  only  at  one  side  of  the  shield.     Figurative  for  to  take  a  narrow 

one-sided  view  of  a  thing. 
Miscalculate.      To  estimate  wrongly 
Miscompute.     To  reckon  wrongly. 
Misconceive.     To  misunderstand. 
Misconjecture.     To  guess  wrong. 
Misestimate.     To  estimate  erroneously. 
Misjudge.     To  pass  wrong  judgment.     See  Truth-Error. 
Misreckon.     To  compute  wrongly. 
Misthink.     To  have  a  wrong  idea  of. 


DECISION— MISJUDGMENT. 


257 


DECLINE. 


DECISION— MISJUDGMENT— Continued. 


DECISION— Verbs — Continued. 

Collect.     To  gather  together. 

Come  to  a  conclusion.     Arrive  at  a  decision 

Comment.     To  remark  in  explanation  or  criticism. 

Conclude.     To  come  to  a  decision. 

Confirm.     To  verify;  make  certain. 

Count.     To  reckon;  compute. 

Criticize.     To  examine  and  pass  judgment. 

Decide.     To  determine;  adjudge. 

Deduce.     To  judge  by  inference. 

Deliver  judgment.     To  render  a  judicial  decision. 

Derive.     To  obtain  by  regular  process. 

Determine.     To  resolve;  decide. 

Doom.     To  sentence  to  calamity  or  death. 

Draw  a  conclusion.     To  arrive  at  a  determination. 

Draw  an  inference.     To  make  a  deduction. 

Estimate.     To  form  an  opinion;  compute. 

Find.     To  arrive  at  judgment  after  judicial  investigation. 

Form  an  estimate.     Make  a  computation. 

Gather.     To  deduce  mentally;  infer. 

Give  an  opinion.      Express  a  judgment. 

Give  judgment.     Return  a  decision. 

Hear  a  cause.     Attend  a  case  judicially. 

Hold  the  scales.     Figurative  for  sit  in  judgment. 

Investigate.     To  inquire  into.     See  Investigation. 

Judge.     To  come  to  a  conclusion;  to  decide  authoritatively;  to  try 

judicially. 
Make  absolute.     To  make  certain. 
Make  a  deduction.     Arrive  at  an  inference. 
Make  up  one's  mind.     To  decide  absolutely. 
Pass  an  opinion.     To  express  judgment. 
Pass  judgment.     To  give  a  decision. 
Pass  sentence.     To  grant  judgment. 

Pass  under  review.     To  pass  in  examination.     See  Heed, 
Rank.     To  place  in  order;  estimate. 
Rate.     To  adjudge  the  relative  value  of. 
Regard.     To  give  heed  to. 
Report.     To  relate  in  detailed  account. 
Review.     To  go  over  judicially. 
Rule.     To  control;  govern;  settle. 
Sentence.     To  condemn  to  punishment. 
Set  a  question  at  rest.     To  decide  finally. 

Sit  in  judgment.     To  deliberate  on  the  adjudication  of  a  question. 
Try.     To  cause  to  pass  through  a  trial;  to  investigate  judicially. 
Try  a  cause.     To  investigate  a  cause  judicially. 
Value.     To  estimate  or  judge  the  worth  of. 
Ween.     To  guess;  fancy. 
Weet.     To  know;  to  wit. 

Decision — Adjectives, 

Conclusive.     Decisive;  ending  doubt. 

Determinate.     Fixed  or  limited  definitely. 

Judging.     Inclined  or  disposed  to  judge.     See  Verbs. 

Judicious.     Acting  with  good  judgment.     See  Sagacity. 

Decision — Adverbs. 

All  things  considered.     To  consider  the  case  in  detail. 
On  the  whole.     The  subject  in  its  entirety. 

Decision — Phrases. 

La  critique  est  aisie,  et  Vart  est  difficile  [F.].     Criticism  is  easy  and 
art  is  difficult. 


MISJUDGMENT— Verbs— Continued. 
Not  see  beyond  one'^  nose.     To  confine  one's  ideas  too  closely  to  self. 
Overestimate.     To  overvalue. 

Prejudge.     To  judge  beforehand  without  hearing  evidence. 
Prejudicate.    To  determine  disadvantageous! y  beforehand. 
Prejudice.     To  cause  a  prejudice;  oftenest  against. 
Prepossess.     To  preoccupy  the  opinion,  generally  in  a  good  sense. 
Presume.     To  believe  without  examination. 
Presuppose.     To  take  for  granted. 
Run  away  with  the  notion.     To  depart  without  an  adequate  opinion 

being  formed. 
Rush  to  a  conclusion.     To  come  to  a  conclusion  overhastily. 
Twist.     To  pervert;  turn  from  its  true  significance. 
Underestimate.     To  give  not  enough  value  to. 
View  through  distorting  spectacles.     Judge  with  a  prejudice. 
View,  with  jaundiced  eye.     View  jealously. 
Warp.     To  turn  in  a  wrong  direction. 

Misjudgment — Adjectives. 

Besotted.     Enslaved;  infatuated. 

Bigoted.     Stubbornly  attached  to  an  opinion. 

Conceited.     Having  a  great  opinion  of  self. 

Confined.     Within  limits;  too  narrow;  mean. 

Credulous.     Apt  to  believe  without  enough  evidence 

Crotchety.     Full  of  conceits  or  fancies. 

Dogmatic.     Arrogant;  overbearing. 

Entitf.  [F.].     Obstinate;  headstrong. 

Fanatical.     Moved  by  intemperate  zeal. 

Fussy.     Inclined  to  make  much  ado  about  nothing. 

Illiberal.     Stingy;  niggardly. 

Ill  judging.     Not  judging  well. 

Impracticable.     Not  to  be  practised;  not  to  be  managed. 

Infatuated.     Excited  to  misjudged  passion. 

Intolerant.     Narrow-minded ;  bigoted. 

Jaundiced.     Affected  with  prejudice  or  envy. 

Misjudged.     Falsely  judged.     See  Verbs. 

Misjudging.     Forming  false  opinions.     See  Verbs. 

Narrow-minded.     Bigoted;  illiberal. 

One-sided.     Having  but  one  side;  partial;  unfair. 

Opitndtre  [F.].     Obstinate;  stubborn;  headstrong. 

Opinionated.     Too  much  attached  to  one's  opinion. 

Opinionative.     Opinionated. 

Opinioned.     Conceited. 

Partial.     Favoring  one  party. 

Positive.     Overconfident;  dictatorial. 

Prejudiced.     Biased  with  a  premature  like  or  dislike. 

Purblind.     Near-sighted. 

3elf-opinioned.     Self-conceited. 

Short-sighted.     Unable  to  understand  deep  things. 

Stupid.     Lacking  understanding.     See  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

Superficial.     Comprehending  only  the  obvious. 

Unreasonable.     Beyond  reason. 

Unreasoning.     Lacking  reason. 

Wedded  to  an  opinion.     Attached  closely  by  prejudice  to  an  opinion 

Wrong-headed.     Having  the  head  filled  with  false  notions. 

Misjudgment — Adverb. 
Ex  parte  [L.].     Relating  to  one  part  only 

Misjudgment — Phrases. 
Nothing  like  leather. 
The  wish  the  father  to  the  thought.     Desire  originates  thought. 


de-ci'-sive.  Putting  an  end  to  uncertainty.  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Proof-Disproof;  take  a  decisive 
step,  Choice-Neutrality,  Determination-Vacil- 
lation. 

deck.  To  adorn;  part  of  a  ship.  Dress-Undress, 
Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Top-Bottom. 

de-claim'.  To  harangue.  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness; declaim  against,  Approval-Disapproval. 

dec"-la-ma'-tion.  The  act  of  declaiming.  Simplicity- 
Floridness,  Speech-Inarticulateness. 

de-clam'-a-to-ry.  Pertaining  to  declamation.  Sim- 
plicity-Floridness,  Speech-Inarticulateness. 

dec"~la-ra'-tion.  The  act  of  declaring.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Litigation;  declaration  of  faith,  Faith- 
Misgiving,  Theology;  declaration  of  war,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation, Variation-Accord. 

17 


de-clar'-a-tc-ry.  Making  a  declaration.  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Meaning-Jargon. 

de-clare'.  To  make  known.  Assertion-Denial, 
Meaning-Jargon. 

de-clen'-sion.  Inflection  of  nouns,  etc.;  deterioration. 
Ascent- Descent,  Betterment -Deterioration, 
Godliness-Ungodliness,  Grammar-Solecism,  In- 
crease-Decrease, Proffer-Refusal. 

de-clen'-sions.  Paradigms.  Subjectiveness-Ob- 
jectiveness. 

dec"-li-na'-tion.  The  state  of  bending  downward. 
Aim-Aberration,  Ascent-Descent,  Astronomy, 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Mensuration. 

de-cline'.  The  act  of  declining.  Ascent-Descent, 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Choice-Rejection, 
Health-Sickness,   Increase-Decrease,  Novelty- 


DECLINE. 


258 


DEEPNESS— SHALLOWNESS. 


Antiquity,  Parallelism-Inclination,  Proffer- 
Refusal,  Strength-Weakness,  Welfare-Misfor- 
tune; decline  of  day,  Morning-Evening;  decline  of 
life,  Infancy-Age. 

de-clin'-ing.  Bending  downward.  Parallelism-In- 
clination, Proffer-Refusal. 

de-cliv'-i-tous.  Like  a  declivity.  Parallelism-In- 
clination. 

de-cliv'-i-ty.  A  slope.  Ascent-Descent,  Parallel- 
ism-Inclination. 

de-coc'-tiou.  The  act  of  boiling  anything.  Heating- 
Cooling. 

de-col'-late.    To  behead.    Recompense-Punition. 

de-col"-or-a'-tion.  The  removal  of  color.  Color- 
Achromatism. 

de-col'-or-ize.  To  free  from  color.  Color-Achroma- 
tism. 

de"-com-pose'.  To  resolve  into  elements.  Chemistry, 
Composition-Resolution,  Organization-Disor- 
ganization. 

de"-com-posed'.    Decayed.    Composition-Resolution. 

de-com"-po-si'-tion.  A  separation  into  constituent 
parts.    Composition-Resolution,  Union-Disunion. 

de"-com-pound'.  To  decompose.  Composition-Reso- 
lution. 

de-con'-se-crate.  To  secularize.  Commission-Abro- 
gation. 

de-con"-se-cra'-tion.  The  act  of  deconsecrating.  Com- 
mission-Abrogation. 

dec'-o-rate.  To  adorn.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

dec'-o~ra"-ted.  Ornamented.  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement. 

dec"-o-ra'-tion.  The  act  of  decorating.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Scepter, 
Title,  Trophy. 

de-co'-rous.  Marked  by  decorum.  Dueness-Undue- 
ness,  Purity-Impurity,  Regard-Disrespect. 

de-cor'-ti-cate.    To  strip  off  bark.     Dress-Undress. 

de-cor"-ti-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  decorticating.  Dress- 
Undress. 

de-co'-rum.  Propriety.  Duty-Dereliction,  Purity- 
Impurity,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

d6  cousu  [F.]  (decu-sii').  Looseness.  Continuity- 
Interruption,  Success-Failure. 

de-coy'.  To  lead  on  by  some  inducement.  Gull- 
Deceiver,  Motive-Caprice,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

de-crease'.  To  make  less.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Enlargement-Dim- 
inution, Increase-Decrease. 

de-creased'.     Made  less.     Increase-Decrease. 

de-creas'-ing.     Becoming    less.     Increase-Decrease. 

de-cree'.  A  formal  order.  Decision-Misjudgment, 
Law-Lawlessness,  Order. 

dec'-re-ment.  The  act  of  decreasing.  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Increase-Decrease,  Increment-Dec- 
rement. 

de-crep'-id,  de-crep'-it.  Enfeebled.  Betterment-Dete- 
rioration,      Health  -  Sickness,      Infancy- Age, 

'    Strength- Weakness. 

de-cre'-tal.     An  authoritative  decree.     Order. 

de-cre'-tive.     Of  a  decree.     Order. 


dec'-re-to-ry.     Of  a  decree.     Order. 

de-cry'.  To  cry  down.  Adulation-Disparagement, 
Approval-Disapproval. 

de-cum'-bence.  A  decumbent  posture.  Erectness- 
Flatness. 

de-cum'-ben-cy.  A  decumbent  posture.  Erectness- 
Flatness. 

de-cum'-bent.     Lying  down.     Erectness-Flatness. 

dec'-u-ple.     Tenfold.     Five-Quinquesection. 

de-cur'-rent.     Running  downward.     Ascent-Descent. 

de-cur'-sive.     Running  down.     Ascent-Descent. 

de-cur-ta'-tion.    A  cutting  short.     Length-Shortness. 

de-cus'-sate.     To  cross.     Crossing. 

dec"-us-sa'-tion.    The  act  of  crossing.    Crossing. 

de-dec"-o-ra'-tion.  The  act  of  disgracing.  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit. 

de-dec'-o-rous.  Disgraceful.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness, Reputation-Discredit. 

ded'-i-cate.  To  consecrate.  Reputation-Discredit, 
Use-Disuse. 

ded"-i-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  dedicating.  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

de-duce'.  To  conclude  by  a  process  of  reasoning. 
Addition-Subtraction,  Decision-Misjudgment. 

de-du'-ci-ble.  Capable  of  being  deduced.  Evidence- 
Counterevidence,  Proof-Disproof.  , 

de-duct'.  To  take  away.  Addition-Subtract;on, 
Taking-Restitution. 

de-duc'-tion.  The  act  of  deducing.  Addition-Sub- 
traction, Decision-Misjudgment,  Increment- 
Decrement,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

deed.  An  act.  Action-Passiveness,  Evidence- 
Counterevidence,  Mark-Obliteration,  Security; 
deeds  of  arms,  Strife-Peace;  deed  without  a  name, 
Innocence-Guilt. 

deem.     To  think.     Faith-Misgiving. 

deep.  Having  depth.  Color-Achromatism,  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Deepness-Shallowness,  Emotion, 
Loudness  -  Faintness,  Magnitude  -  Sm  allness, 
Ocean-Land,  Sagacity-Incapacity;  deep  color, 
Color-Achromatism;  deep  game,  Craft-Arti.lss- 
ness;  deep  in  debt,  Credit-Debt;  deep  knowledge, 
Knowledge-Ignorance;  deep  mourning,  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation; deep  note,  Resonance-Non- 
resonance;  deep  potations,  Teetotalism-Intem- 
perance;  deep  reflection,  Reflection-Vacancy; 
deep  sense,  Emotion;  deep  sigh,  Jubilation-Lamen- 
tation; deep  study,  Heed-Disregard;  in  deep  water, 
Difficulty-Facility;  plow  the  deep,  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

deep'-en.  To  make  deep.  Deepness-Shallowness, 
Increase-Decrease. 

deep'-dyed.  Of  a  decided  color.  Vigor-Inertia, 
Virtue-Vice,  Whiteness-Blackness. 

deep'-felt.     Felt  deeply.     Emotion. 

deep'-laid.     Elaborately  designed.     Design. 

deep'-mouthed.  Having  a  sonorous  voice.  Cry- 
Ululation,  Emotion,  Resonance-Nonresonance. 

deep'-mu"-sing.  Profound  meditation.  Heed-Dis- 
regard,  Reflection-Vacancy. 

deep'-ness.  The  state  of  being  deep.  Deepness- 
Shallowness. 


DEEPNESS-SHALLOWNESS. 


Deepness.     Depth;  quality  of  being  deep. 

Depression.     See  Convexity-Concavity. 

Depth.     Extent  downward  or  inward. 

Profundity.     Quality  or  state  of  being  deep  or  profound. 

Deepness — Denotations. 
Bottomless  pit.     A  pit  so  deep  that  it  cannot  be  measured;  hell. 
Bowels  of  the  earth.     The  interior  part  of  the  earth. 
Crater.     The  basin-like  opening  or  mouth  of  a  volcano. 
Depth  of  water.     The  perpendicular  measurement  downward  from 
the  surface. 


Mere  scratch.     Thin;  not  far  from  the  surface. 

Shallowness.     Quality  or  state  of  being  shallow.     See  Adjectives. 

Shoals.     Places  where  the  water  has  little  depth. 

Shallowness — Adjectives. 

Ankle-deep.     Of  a  depth  sufficient  to  cover  the  ankle 
Just  enough  to  wet  one's  feet.      Shallow. 
Knee-deep.     Of  a  depth  sufficient  to  cover  the  knee. 
Shallow.     Not  deep. 
Shoal.     Shallow. 


DEEPNESS— SHALLOWNESS. 


259 


DEFERENCE. 


DEEPNESS—  SHALLOWNESS— Continued. 


DEEPNESS— Denotations— Continued. 
Gulf.  A  deep  land-locked  body  of  water.  See  Gulp. 
Hell.     The  place  of  punishment  for  the  wicked  after  death,  usually 

represented  as  a  bottomless  pit. 
Hollow.     A  natural  or  artificial  cavity. 
Pit.     A  large  cavity  or  hole  in  the  ground. 
Shaft.     An  excavation  in  the  earth  for  raising  ore,  etc. 
Sound.     A  narrow  passage  of  water,  usually  deep. 
Well.     A  pit  or  hole  sunk  in  the  earth  to  such  a  depth  as  to  reach 

water. 

Deepness — Associated  Nouns. 

Draft.     The  depth  of  water  necessary  to  float  a  ship. 

Lead.     A  mass  of  lead  used  in  sounding  at  sea. 

Plummet.     A  lead  attached  to  a  string  to  find  the  depth  of  water. 

Probe.     An  instrument  for  examining  the  depth  of  a  wound. 

Sounding  line.     A  line  having  a  plummet  at  the  end  used  in  making 

soundings. 
Sounding  rod.     A  rod  used  to  ascertain  the  depth  of  water  in  a  ship's 

hold. 
Soundings.     Measurements  by  soundings. 

Deepness — Verbs. 
Be  deep.     See  Adjectives. 

Deepen.     To  increase  the  downward  or  inward  distance. 
Dig.     See  Convexity-Concavity. 

Heave  the  lead.     To  take  soundings  with  lead  and  line. 
Plunge.     See  Spring-Dive. 
Render  deep.     Make  deep. 
Sound.     To  try  to  find  depth  of  water. 
Take  soundings.     To  find  depths  at  different  places. 


SHALLOWNESS—  Adjectives— Continued. 
Shoaly.     Pull  of  shoals. 
Skin-deep.     Going  only  through  the  skin. 
Superficial.     Lying  on  the  surface. 


Abysmal. 


Deepness — Adjectives. 
Deep;  profound;  pertaining  to  an  abyss. 


DEEPNESS — Adjectives — Continued. 

Ankle-deep.     Reaching  to  the  ankle. 

Bottomless.     Without  a  bottom. 

Buried.     Covered  up;  deep  in  the  earth. 

Deep.     Extending  far  below  the  surface. 

Deep  as  a  well.     Having  the  same  depth  as  a  well. 

Deep-seated.     Having  the  seat  far  down. 

Ebbless.     Not  decreasing  in  depth. 

Fathomless.     Not  to  be  measured. 

Knee-deep.     Deep  enough  to  extend  to  the  knee. 

Profound.     Deep  in  meaning. 

Soundless.     That  can  not  be  sounded . 

Subaqueous.     Adapted  for  use  under  water. 

Submarine.     Relative  to  the  lower  part  of  the  sea;  like  submarine 

divers. 
Submerge.     See  Spring-Dive. 
Submerged.     Sunk  down  so  as  to  be  covered. 
Subterranean.     Under  the  surface  of  the  earth. 
Subterrene.     See  Subterranean. 
Sunk.     Fallen  down;  in. 

Underground.  Below  the  surface  of  the  earth. 
Unfathomable.  Not  to  be  measured  for  depth. 
Unfathomed.     Not  measured. 

Deepness — Adverbial  Phrases. 
Beyond  one's  depth;  out  of  one's  depth;  over  head  and  ears. 


deep'-read".  Of  much  book-learning.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance. 

deep'-root"-ed.  Reaching  below  the  surface.  Affec- 
tions, Faith-Misgiving,  Habit-Desuetude,  Muta- 
bility-Stability. 

deep'-seat"-ed.  Deeply  lodged.  Deepness-Shallow- 
ness,  Outside-Inside. 

deer.  A  ruminant,  Fauna-Flora;  in  heart  a  deer, 
Recklessness-Caution. 

deev.    An  evil  spirit.     Jove-Fiend. 

de-face'.  To  mar  the  face.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Bet- 
terment- Deterioration,  Form -Formlessness, 
Mark-Obliteration. 

de-face'-ment.     Disfigurement.     Form-Formlessness. 

def'-al-ca'-tion.  Embezzlement.  Enlargement-Dim- 
inution, Entirety-Deficiency,  Settlement-De- 
fault, Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

def'-a-ma'-tion.  The  act  of  defaming.  Adulation- 
Disparagement. 

de-fam'-a-to-ry.  Tending  to  defame.  Adulation- 
Disparagement,  Approval-Disapproval. 

de-fame'.  Injure  a  good  name.  Adulation-Dispar- 
agement, Approval-Disapproval,  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

de-fa'-mer.    One  who  defames.    Flatterer-Defamer. 

de-fat"-i-ga'-tion.  Weariness.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

de-fault'.  A  failure  in  the  performance  of  an  obliga- 
tion. Carefulness-Carelessness,  Credit-Debt, 
Entirety-Deficiency,  Excess-Lack,  Settlement- 
Default,  Transcursion-Shortcoming;  in  default 
of,  Presence-Absence;  judgment  by  default,  Yield- 
ing. 

de-fault'-er.  One  who  defaults.  Credit-Debt,  Good 
Man-Bad  Man,  Robber,  Settlement-Default. 

de-fea'-sance.     Defeat.     Commission-Abrogation. 

de-feat.  To  overcome.  Obstruction-Help,  Proof- 
Disproof,  Success-Failure;  defeat  one's  hope, 
Expectation-Disappointment. 

de-feat'-ed.     Vanquished.     Success-Failure. 


def'-e-cate.     To  clear  from  dregs.     Cleanness-Filthi- 

NESS. 

def'-e-ca'-tion.     The  act  of  defecating.     Cleanness- 

FlLTHINESS. 

de-fect'.  "  A  fault.  Embellishment-Disfigurement, 
Entirety  -  Deficiency,  Faui.tlessness  -  Faulti- 
ness,  Increment-Decrement,  Virtue-Vice. 

de-fec'-tion.  The  forsaking  of  duty.  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy, Insubordination-Obedience,  Quest-Aban- 
donment. 

de-fect'-ive.  Having  a  defect.  Entirety-Deficiency, 
Faultlessness-Faultiness;  defective  verb,  Verb. 

def"-e-da'-tion.  Pollution.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Clfanness-Filthiness. 

de-fend'.  To  protect.  Attack-Defense,  Justifica- 
tion-Charge, Patriotism-Treason. 

de-fend'-ant.  One  who  is  accused.  Justification- 
Charge. 

de-fend'-ed.     Protected.     Attack-Defense. 

de-fend'-er.  One  who  defends.  Attack-Defense, 
Patriotism-Treason. 

de-fend'-ing.     Giving  defense.     Attack-Defense. 

de-fense'.  Protection.  Attack-Defense,  Justifica- 
tion-Charge. 

de-fense'-less.  Without  defense.  Might-Impotence, 
Security-Insecurity,  Strength-Weakness. 

de-fense'-less-ness.  The  state  of  having  no  defense. 
Security-Insecurity. 

de-fen'-si-ble.  Capable  of  defense.  Justification- 
Charge,  Security-Insecurity. 

de-fen'-sive.     Suitable  for  defense.     Attack-Defense. 

de-fen'-sive  al-li'-ance.  Association  for  defense.  Asso- 
ciation. 

de-fen'-sive-ly.     On  the  defense.     Attack-Defense. 

defensor,  fidei  [L.]  (di-feri'-sor,  fai-di'-ai).  Defender  of 
the  faith.     Attack-Defense. 

de-fer'.  To  postpone;  to  yield.  Earliness-Lateness; 
defer   to,  Assent -Dissent,    Regard -Disrespect. 

def'-er-ence.  Respectful  submission.  Insubordina- 
tion-Obedience, Regard -Disrespect,  Selfre- 
spect-Humbleness. 


DEFERENTIAL. 


200 


DEGREE. 


def"-er-en'-tial.     Respectful.     Regard-Disrespect. 

de-fer'-ring.     Postponing.     Earliness-Lateness. 

de-fi'-ance.  The  act  of  defying.  Bravery-Coward- 
ice, Charitableness-Malevolence,  Curse-Men- 
ace, Defiance;  defiance  of  danger,  Bravery-Cow- 
ardice; in  defiance,  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Harmony-Discord;  set  at  defiance,  Insubordina- 
tion-Obedience. 

DEFIANCE. 

Challenge.     An  invitation  to  engage  in  a  combat,  duelistic  or  intel- 
lectual. 
Daring.     Defiance;  challenge. 
Defiance.     A  provocation  to  combat. 
Threat.     See  Charitableness-Menace. 

Defiance — Denotation. 
Cartel.     A  letter  of  defiance. 

Defiance — Associated  Nouns. 
War-cry.     A  cry  or  signal  used  in  war. 
War-whoop.     A  war -cry,  especially  of  the  American  Indians, 

Defiance — Verbs. 
Beard.     To  oppose  openly. 
Bid  defiance  to.     To  challenge. 
Bluster.     To  storm  with  anger. 
Brave.     See  Bravery. 
Call  out.     To  summon  to  battle. 
Challenge.     See  Nouns. 
Dance  the  war  dance.      Among  savages,  to  dance  as  an  incitive  to 

battle;  to  prepare  for  war. 
Dare.     To  have  the  courage  to  undertake  some  enterprise. 
Defy.     To  provoke  to  combat. 
Disobey.     See  sub  Disobedience. 
Double  the  fist.     To  defy. 
Fling  down  the  gage.       ■> 
Fling  down  the  gauntlet.  ^  To  challenge. 
Fling  down  the  glove.       ) 

Hurl  defiance  at.     To  be  ready  to  oppose  vigorously. 
Laugh  to  scorn.     To  deride;  to  hold  in  contempt. 
Look  big.      Defiant;  arrogant. 
Threaten.     See  Menace. 
Throw  down  the  gage         1 

Throw  down  the  gauntlet.  J- See  Fling  down  the  gage,  etc. 
Throw  down  the  glove.       ) 
Set  at  defiance.     To  treat  contemptuously. 
Set  at  naught.     To  ignore. 
Shake  the  fist.     To  defy. 
Show  a  bold  front.     To  exhibit  no  fear. 
Show  fight.     To  be  brave ;  daring. 
Show  one's  teeth.     To  threaten. 
Snap  the  fingers  at.     To  challenge ;  disdain. 

Stand  akimbo.     To  hold  others  in  contempt,  with  arms  crooked. 
Threaten.     To  attempt  to  alarm  with  the  promise  of  something  evil. 

Defiance — Adjectives. 

Defiant.     Bold;  insolent. 

Defying.     See  Verbs. 

With  arms  akimbo.     To  have  the  elbows  turned  out;  disdainful. 

Defiance — Adverbial  Phrases. 
In  defiance  of;  in  the  teeth  of ;  under  one's  very  nose. 

Defiance — Interjections. 
Come  if  you  dare  1  come  on !  do  your  worst  I  marry  come  up ! 

Defiance — Phrases. 
Nemo  me  impune  lacessil  [L.].     No  one  assails  me  with  impunity 
Noli  me  tangere  [L.].     Touch  me  not. 

de-fi'-ant.  Having  defiance.  Charitableness-Men- 
ace, Defiance. 

de-fi'-cien-cy.  The  state  of  being  deficient.  Entirety- 
Deficiency,  Excess-Lack,  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness,  Supremacy-Subordinacy,  Virtue-Vice. 

de-fi'-cient.  Without  a  proper  amount.  Entirety- 
Deficiency,  Excess-Lack,  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness,  Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

def'-i-cit.  Shortage.  Credit-Debt,  Entirety-De- 
ficiency. 

de-fig'-ure.     To  disfigure.     Beauty-Ugliness. 


de-file'.  To  render  filthy.  Betterment-Deterio- 
ration, Cleanness-Filthiness,  Purity-Impurity, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

de-file'.  To  march  in  a  line.  Interspace-Contact, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

de-file'-ment.  The  act  of  defiling.  Cleanness-Filth- 
iness, Purity-Impurity,  Reputation-Discredit. 

de-fine'.  To  state  the  exact  meaning  of.  Interpre- 
tation-Misinterpretation, Name-Misnomer. 

de-fined'.  Having  the  meaning  exactly  stated. 
Manifestation-Latency. 

def'-i-nite.  With  fixed  limits.  Boundary,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Clearness-Obscurity,  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency, Perspicuity-Obscurity,  Truth- 
Error,  Universality-Particularity,  Visibility- 
Invisibility. 

def"-i-ni'-tion.  The  act  of  defining.  Interpreta- 
tion-Misinterpretation, Perspicuity-Obscurity. 

de-fin'-i-tive.  Being  a  definition.  Assertion-Denial, 
Beginning-End,  Determination-Vacillation. 

def'-la-gra'-tion.     A  burning.     Heating-Cooling. 

do-fleet'.  To  turn  aside.  Aim-Aberration,  Curva- 
tion-Rectilinearity. 

de-flec'-tion.  A  turning  aside.  Crossing,  Curvation- 
Rectilinearity. 

de-flex'-ure.     Deflection.     Aim-Aberration. 

def"-lo-ra'-tion.  The  act  of  deflowering.  Purity- 
Impurity. 

de-flow'-er.  To  rob  of  flowers;  to  despoil  of  purity. 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Purity-Impurity. 

de-flux'-ion.  A  flowing  of  humors.  Entrance-Exit, 
River-Wind. 

de-form'.  To  mar  the  form.  Form-Formlessness, 
Proportion-Deformity. 

de-formed'.  Deprived  of  form.  Proportion-De- 
formity. 

de-form'-i-ty.  Lack  of  proper  form.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Embellishment- Disfigurement,  Form- 
formlessness,  proportion-deformity. 

de-fraud.'  To  take  anything  by  fraud.  Theft, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

de-fray'.  To  make  payment  for.  Settlement-De- 
fault. 

de-fray'-ment.  The  act  of  defraying.  Settlement- 
Default. 

deft.  Of  neat  and  skilful  action.  Harmony-Discord, 
Skill-Unskilfulness. 

de-funct'.  Having  ceased  to  exist.  Entity-Non- 
entity, Life-Corpse,  Life-Death. 

de-fy'.  To  challenge.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Chari- 
tableness-Menace, Defiance,  Insubordination- 
Obedience;  defy  danger,  Bravery-Cowardice. 

de-fy'-ing.     Showing  defiance.     Defiance. 

digagi  [F.]  (de-ga-zhe') .  Free  from  constraint.  Lib- 
erty-Subjection, Society-Ludicrousness. 

de-gen'-er-a-cy.  A  growing  worse.  Betterment-De- 
terioration. 

de-gen'-er-ate.  To  grow  worse.  Betterment -De- 
terioration. 

de-gen'-er-ate-ness.  The  state  of  being  degenerate. 
Betterment-Deterioration. 

de-gen"-er-a'-tion.  The  state  of  growing  worse. 
Betterment-Deterioration. 

deg"-lu-ti'-tion.  The  act  of  swallowing.  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion, Taking-Restitution. 

deg"-ra-da'-tion.  The  act  of  degrading.  Better- 
ment-Deterioration. 

de-grade'.  To  reduce  in  grade.  Betterment-Dete- 
rioration, Reputation-Discredit. 

de-gra'-ding.  Reducing  in  grade.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit, Uprightness-Dishonesty,  V'rtue-Vice. 

de-gree'.  A  stage  in  progression.  Admiss'on-Exclu- 
sion,  Quantity-Measure,  Reputation-Discredit; 
adverb  of  degree,  Adverb;   by  degrees,    Quantity- 


DEGREE. 


261 


DELINEATION— CARICATURE. 


Measure,    Swiftness-Slowness;   by  slow  degrees, 
Swiftness-Slowness. 
de"-gus-ta'-tion.      The  act  of  tasting.      Savor-Taste- 

LESSNESS. 

de-his'-cence.     A  gape.     Aperture-Closure. 

de-hort'.  To  dissuade.  Motive-Dehortation, 
Warning. 

de"-hor-ta'-tion.  The  act  of  dehorting.  Motive- 
Dehortation,  Warning. 

de-hort'-a-to-ry.  Of  dissuasion.  Motive-Dehorta- 
tion. 

Dei  gratia  [L.]  (di'-ai  gre'-shi-a) .  By  the  grace  of  God. 
Dueness-Undueness. 

de"-i-fi-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  deifying.  Devotion- 
Idolatry,  Heaven-Hell. 

de'-i-fy.  To  make  a  god  of.  Devotion-Idolatry, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

deign.  To  allow  condescendingly.  Consent,  Self- 
respect-Humbleness. 

de'-ism.  The  belief  of  a  deist.  Godliness-Disbelief, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

de'-ist.  One  who  believes  in  God,  but  not  in  revelation. 
Godliness-Disbelief,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

de-is'- tic-al.     Of  deists.     Godliness-Disbelief. 

De'-i-ty.  God.  Divinity;  tutelary  deity,  Security- 
Insecurity. 

de-ject'.  To  make  dejected.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection. 

de-ject'-ed-ness.  The  state  of  being  dejected.  Light- 
he  arte  dness-Dejection. 

de-jec'-tion.  Depression;  excrement.  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Pleas- 
ure-Pain. 

dijeuner  [F.I  (d£-zhu-ne') .  Breakfast.  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

d&labrement  [F.]  (dS-labr-mcnr').  Dilapidation.  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration, Creation-Destruction. 

de-lac"-er-a'-tion.  A  tearing  to  pieces.  Betterment- 
Deterioration. 

de-la'-tion.  An  accusation.  Earliness-Lateness, 
Justification-Charge. 

de-la'-tor.     An  informer.     Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

de-lay'.  Postponement.  Earliness-Lateness,  Last- 
ingness-Transientness,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

de-layed'.     Postponed.     Earliness-Lateness. 

dele  [L.l   (di'-li).     Erase.     Mark-Obliteration. 

de-lec"-ta-bU'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  giving  pleasure. 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

de"-lec-ta'-tion.     Delight.     Pleasure-Pain. 

de-lec'-tus.  A  text-book  for  beginners  in  Greek  and 
Latin.     Word-Neology. 

del'-e-gate.  A  representative.  Commission-Abroga- 
tion, Consignee,  President-Member,  Repre- 
sentative, Transfer. 

del"-e-ga'-tion.  The  act  of  delegating.  Commission- 
Abrogation. 


delenda  est  Carthago  [L.]  (di-len'-da  est  car-the'-go) . 
Carthage  must  be  destroyed.  [A  saving  of  Cato.j 
Charitableness-Curse,  Creation-Destruction. 

del"-e-te'-ri-ous.  Hurtful.  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility,  Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Goodness- 
Badness,  Healthiness-Unhealthiness. 

de-le'-tion.     Extinction.     Mark-Obliteration. 

del'-e-to-ry.  That  which  blots  out.  Creation-De- 
struction. 

de-lib'-er-ate.  To  weigh  in  the  mind.  Advice,  Heed- 
Disregard,  Hurry-Leisure,  Reflection-Vacancy, 
Swiftness-Slowness. 

de-lib'-er-ate-ly.  With  deliberation.  Earliness-Late- 
ness, Predetermination-Impulse,  Purpose-Luck. 

de-lib"-er-a'-tion.  The  act  of  deliberating.  Reflec- 
tion-Vacancy. 

de-lib'-er-a-tive.  Of  deliberation.  Reflection-Va- 
cancy; deliberative  assembly,  President-Member. 

del'-i-ca-cy.  The  quality  of  being  delicate.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Difficulty-Facility,  Health-Sickness, 
Hearing-Deafness,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Pal- 
atableness-Unpalatableness,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Purity-Impurity,  Readiness-Re- 
luctance, Strength-Weakness,  Taste-Vulgar- 
ity, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

del'-i-cate.  Pleasing  to  the  senses.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Breadth-Narrowness,  Difficulty-Facility,  Pal- 
atableness-Unpalatableness,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Purity-Impurity,  Texture,  Truth- 
Error.  / 

delice  [F.l  (dg-lis').    Delight.    Sensuality-Suffering. 

delicicE  humani  generis  [L.]  (di-lis'-i-i  hiu-me'-noi 
jen'-e-ris) .  The  delights  of  the  human  race.  Human- 
itarianism-Misanthropy. 

de-li'-cious.  Very  pleasant.  Palatableness-Unpal- 
atableness,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

delicti,  corpus  [L.]  (di-lic'-tai,  cor'-pus).  The  body  of 
the  crime.    Innocence-Guilt,  Litigation. 

delicto,  ex  [L.]  (di-lic'-to,  ex).  From  the  crime.  Vir- 
tue-Vice. 

delicto,  ■flagrante  [L.]  (di-lic'-to,  flfi-gran'-ti) .  While 
the  crime  was  being  done;  in  the  very  act.  Inno- 
cence-Guilt. 

de-light'.  A  high  degree  of  pleasure.  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness, 
Pleasure-Pain. 

de-light'-ful.  Giving  delight.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness. 

De-li'-lah .  A  Philistine  woman ,  the  mistress  of  Samson. 
Purity-Rake. 

de-lin'-e-ate.  To  outline.  Delineation  -  Carica- 
ture. 

de-lin"-e-a'-tion.  The  act  of  delineating.  Delinea- 
tion-Caricature. 


DELINEATION— CARICATURE. 


Delineation.     A  representation,  either  pictorial  or  in  words 

Depictment .     A  vivid  delineation. 

Designing.  The  act  of  giving  visible  expression  to  an  original  con- 
ception. 

Iconography.     The  art  of  representirig  by  pictures,  images,  etc. 

Illustration.     The  act  of  illustrating.     See  Verbs. 

Imagery.  The  act  or  art  of  representing  the  products  of  fancy  and 
imagination. 

Imitation.     The  act  of  making  a  copy  or  likeness  of  an  original. 

Impersonation.     The  act  of  impersonating.     See  Verbs. 

Personation.     See  Impersonation. 

Personification.     A  typical  exemplification. 

Portraiture,      fhe  act  of  portraying.     See  Verbs. 

Representation.     The  act  of  representing.     See  Verbs. 

Delineation — Nouns  of  Means, 
Art.     The  application  of  skill  to  the  production  of  the  beautiful  by 
imitation  or  design. 


Anamorphosis.     A  deformed  or  distorted  image. 

Bad  likeness.     An  imperfect  or  incorrect  picture  or  portrait. 

Caricatura  [L.].     A  caricature. 

Caricature.  An  exaggerated  or  distorted  picture,  usually  for  pur- 
poses of  burlesque  or  ridicule. 

Daub.     A  poor,  coarse  painting 

Daubing.     Bad  painting. 

Distortion.     False  or  incorrect  representation. 

Exaggeration.  Representation  with  extravagant  or  untruthful 
additions. 

Misrepresentation.  Untrue  representation,  whether  on  purpose  or 
by  mistake. 

Scratch.  An  outline  made  by  scratching,  or  by  rubbing  with  any- 
thing pointed  or  rough. 

Sign-painting.     The  business  of  painting  signs  and  advertisements. 


Caricature. 


Caricature — Verbs. 
See  Delineation-Caricature. 


DELINEATION— CARICATURE. 


262 


DELIVER. 


DELINEATION— CARICATURE— Continued, 


DELINEATION — Nouns  of  Means— Continued, 
Drama.     A  composition,  in  prose  or  poetry,  intended  to  exhibit  a 

picture  of  Lfe. 
Engraving.     The  art  of  producing  upon  hard  material  incised  or 

raised  patterns. 
Fine  arts.     Those  arts  employed  in  the  production  of  the  beautiful. 
Painting.      The  art  of  making  a  colored  representation  of  any  object 

or  scene. 
Photography.     The  art  of  producing  pictures  by  the  action  of  light 

on  sensitive  plates. 
Sculpture.     The  art  of  carving  wood,  stone,  metal,  etc.,  into  statues 
or  figures 

Delineation — Denotations, 
Aglet.     A  decoration  representing  a  certain  military  rank. 
Anaglyph.     An  ornament  in  relief,  as  a  cameo. 
Atlas.     A  collection  of  maps. 
Bust.     A  piece  of  sculpture  representing  the  upper  portion  of  the 

human  figure. 
Chart.     A  paper  or  book  exhibiting  information;    especially,  geo- 
graphical information. 
Chartography.     The  art  of  drawing  maps. 
Copy.     An  imitation. 

Daguerreotype.     One  of  the  earliest  photographic  processes. 
Design,     A  visible  representation  of  an  original  concept. 
Diagram.     A  representation  by  means  of  lines. 
Draft.     A  delineated  figure;  an  outline  sketch. 
Drawing.     The  delineation  of  an  object  or  conception ;  a  design. 
Effigy.     A  representation  of  a  person,  usually  in  sculpture  or  on  coins. 
Elevation.     A  drawing  of  an  object  on  a  vertical  plane. 
Facsimile.     An  exact  copy  or  reproduction. 
Fantoccini  [It.].     A  puppet-show. 

Figure.     A  representation  or  likeness  of  the  form  of  any  object. 
Figurehead.     An  ornamental  image  of  any  kind  on  the  prow  of  a  ves- 
sel. 
Figurine  [F.].     A  small  figure;  a  statuette. 

Ground-plan.     A  horizontal  drawing  of  the  ground-floor  of  a  build- 
ing. 
Hieroglyphs.     Writing  by  means  of  pictures. 
Icon.     An  image. 
Image.     A  visible  representation  of  a  person  or  thing;  especially,  a 

sculptured  or  painted  figure. 
Lay-figure.     A  model  for  the  use  of  an  artist. 
Likeness.     An  image  or  picture. 
Manikin.     A  model  of  the  human  body. 
Map.     A  representation  of  a  portion  of  the  earth's  surface. 
Marionette.     A  puppet  moved  by  strings,  as  on  a  stage. 
Maumet.     An  idol. 

Model.     An  image  or  other  representation  to  serve  as  a  pattern. 
Monogram.     A  character  usually  made  up  of  several  letters  com- 
bined. 
Outline.     A  brief  drawing  or  sketch. 
Picture.     A  surface  representation. 
Plan.     A  drawing  or  design. 

Portrait.     A  likeness  of  a  person,  painted,  drawn,  or  engraved. 
Projection.     A  drawing  on  a  perspective  plane. 
Puppet.     A  marionette. 

Scheme.     An  outline  drawing  or  sketch ;  less  definite  than  plan. 
Sketch.     A  rough  suggestive  drawing. 
Speaking  likeness.     A  likeness  that  is  lifelike. 
Statue.     A  plastic  representation  in  some  solid  substance. 
Statuette.     A  small  statue. 

Striking  likeness.     A  representation  strongly  resembling  the  original. 
Tracing.     A  reproduction  of  a  drawing  or  plan  by  means  of  thin 
paper  or  the  like. 

delineavit  [L.]  (dt-lin-e-e-vitO .  He  has  drawn  it. 
Painting. 

ie-lin'-quen-cy.     Failure  of  duty.     Innocence-Guilt. 

de-lin'  quent.  One  who  commits  a  fault.  Good  Man- 
Bad  Man. 

del'-i-qua'-tion.  The  act  of  melting.  Liquefaction- 
Volatilization. 

del"-i-ques'-cent.  Able  to  become  liquid.  Liquefac- 
tion-Volatilization. 

de-liq'-ui-um.  Liquefaction.  Might-Impotence, 
Weariness-Refreshment. 

delirant  reges  plectuntur  Achivi  [L.]  (di-lai'-rant 
ri-jtz  plcc-tun'-tur  a-kai'-vai).  The  kings  commit 
follies,  still  the  Greeks  are  punished.  [Hor.,  Epistle \ 
I,  ii,  14.]     Harshness-Mildness. 


CARICATURE— Verbs— Continued. 
Daub.     To  paint  coarsely. 

Distort.     To  give  a  false  or  incorrect  representation 
Exaggerate.     See  Exaggeration. 
Misrepresent.     To  make  a  poor  likeness  of. 
Overdraw.     To  give  an  exaggerated  representation. 

Caricature — Adjectives, 
Misrepresented,  etc.     See  Verbs. 


DELINEATION— Denotations — Continued, 
Very  image.     A  likeness  that  seems  real. 
View.     A  representation  of  something  that  can  be  seen,  as  a  view  of 

the  lake. 
Waxwork.     Figures  made  in  wax. 

D  e  li  ne  at  1  o  n — Verbs. 

Act.     To  perform  on  the  stage. 
Adumbrate.     To  slightly  sketch. 
Assume  a  character.     To  act  the  part  of  another. 
Body  forth.     To  give  definite  form  to,  either  mentally  or  bodily. 
Carve.     To  represent  by  cutting  or  chiseling. 
Catch  a  likeness.     To  make  an  exact  copy  of. 
Copy.     To  make  in  imitation  or  duplicate. 
^.Daguerreotype.     See  Nouns. 
Delineate.     To  draw  in  outline,  to  represent  by  a  sketch. 
Depict.     To  represent  vividly. 
Depicture.     To  depict  in  words  or  colors. 
Describe.     To  represent  by  words  or  drawings. 
Dress  up.     To  dress  lavishly. 

Engrave.     To  represent  by  cutting  in  or  upon ;  to  carve  artistically. 
Figure.     To  represent  by,  or  fashion,  a  figure.     See  Nouns. 
Hit  off.     To  represent  by  a  few  quick  but  exact  strokes. 
Hold  the  mirror  up  to  nature.    To  draw,  portray,  or  in  any  way  repre- 
sent things  as  they  are. 
Illustrate.     To  adorn  or  represent  by  means  of  pictures. 
Impersonate.     To  appear  or  act  in  the  character  of  another. 
Mimic.     To  imitate  or  act  as  another,  usually  in  ridicule. 
Mold.     To  fashion  after  a  model. 
Paint.     To  represent  in  colors. 
Personate.     To  play  the  part  of. 

Photograph.     To  take  a  picture  by  the  action  of  light  on  films. 
Play.     To  act;  to  impersonate. 
Portray.     To  represent  by  drawing,  painting,  etc. 
Pose  as.     To  assume  a  certain  character. 
Represent.      To  portray  or  bring  before  the  mind  in  any  mannei 

whatever. 
Shadow  forth.     To  indicate  faintly  or  by  a  meager  outline. 
Shadow  out.     See  Shadow  forth. 
Symbolize.     To  represent  by  a  symbol,  type,  or  figure 
Take  a  likeness.     To  make  a  picture,  portrait,  or  photograph  of. 
Trace.     To  make  a  tracing.     See  Tracing. 

Delineation — Adjectives. 
Figurative.     Representing  by  means  of  figures  or  symbols. 
Graphic.     Portraying  vividly. 

Illustrative.     Designed  or  tending  to  adorn  or  make  clear. 
Imitative.     See  Imitate. 
Like.     Similar. 
Representative.     See  Verbs. 
Represented.     See  Verbs. 
Representing.     See  Verbs. 

de-UV-i-ous.     Having  delirium.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

de-lir'-i-um.  A  disordered  mental  condition.  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability,  Saneness-Lunacy;  delirium 
tremens,  Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

del"-i-tes'-cence.  The  sudden  disappearance  of  inflam- 
mation; concealment.  Sociability-Privacy,  Visi- 
bility-Invisibility. 

del"-i-tes'-cent.  Concealed.  Manifestation-Latency, 
Sociability-Privacy. 

de-liv'-er.  To  release;  transfer.  Giving-Receiving, 
Release-Restraint,  Rescuer,  Speech-Inarticu- 
lateness, Transfer,  Vocalization-Muteness;  de- 
liver a  judgment,  Decision-Misjudgment;  deliver  a 
speech,  Speech-Inarticulateness;  deliver  as  one's 
act  and  deed,  Evidence-Counterevidence. 


DELIVERANCE. 


263 


DENDRIFORM. 


de~liv'-er-ance.  The  act  of  delivering.  Alleviation- 
Aggravation,  Release-Restraint,  Rescue. 

de-liv'-er-y.  The  act  of  setting  free.  Creation-De- 
struction, Speech-Inarticulateness,  Vocaliza- 
tion-Muteness. 

dell.    A  glen.    Convexity-Concavity. 

Del'-phic  or'-a-cle.  The  oracle  of  Apollo,  at  Delphi. 
Clearness-Ambiguity,  Manifestation-Latency, 
Soothsayer. 

del'-ta.  A  tract  of  land  in  the  shape  of  the  Greek  letter 
of  that  name  [A],  Geology,  Ocean-Land. 

de-lude'.  To  mislead.  Truth-Error,  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud. 

del'-uge.  A  flood.  Excess-Lack,  Gathering-Scat- 
tering, River-Wind,  Water-Air. 

de-lu'-sion.  The  act  of  deluding.  Saneness-Lunacy, 
Truth-Error,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  self-delusion, 
Credulousness-Skepticism. 

de-lu'-sive.  Misleading.  Truth-Error,  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud. 

de-lu'-so-ry.  Tendingtomislead. Truthfulness-Fraud. 

delve.  To  dig.  Convexity-Concavity,  Domestication- 
Agriculture;   delve  into,  Investigation-Answer. 

dem'-a-gogue.  A  leader  of  the  people.  Antagonist- 
Assistant,  Insubordination-Obedience,  Manager. 

dem'-a-gog"-y.     Demagogism.     Rule-License. 

de-mand'.  A  claim.  Dueness-Undueness,  Investi- 
gation-Answer, Order,  Price-Discount,  Prop- 
erty; in  demand,  Desire-Distaste,  Need. 

de"-mar-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  marking  limits.  Bound- 
ary. 

de-mean'  one-self.  To  behave.  Conduct,  Selfre- 
spect-Humbleness,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

de-mean'-or.  Deportment.  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Conduct,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

de-men'-cy.     Insanity.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

de-ment'-ate.     Demented.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

de"-men-ta'-tion.     Madness.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

de-ment'-ed.     Insane.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

de-men'-ti-a.     Insanity.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

de-mer'-it.     Ill  desert.     Virtue-Vice. 

de-mesne'.  A  manor-house  with  adjacent  land. 
Dweller-Habitation,  Property. 

demi  [F.]  (de-mi').  A  prefix  meaning  "half."  Doub- 
ling-Halving. 

dem'-i-god.  An  inferior  deity.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

dem"-i-gra'-tion.  Emigration.  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion. 

dem'-i-john.    A  glass  vessel.    Contents-Receiver. 

demi-jour  [F.]  (de-mi-zhur') .  Half-light;  partial 
illumination.     Dimness. 

dem'-i-monde".  Women  of  doubtful  reputation.  Gen- 
tility-Democracy, Purity-Rake. 

dem'-i-rep.  A  woman  of  suspected  chastity.  Purity- 
Rake. 

de-mise'.  Death.  Alienation,  Life-Death,  Loan- 
ing-Borrowing. 

de-mised'.     Left  by  will.     Life-Death. 

dem'-i-sem"-i-qua'-ver.  A  thirty-second  note  in  music. 
Melody-Dissonance. 

de-mis'-3ion.  Relinquishment.  Commission-Abroga- 
tion. 

dem'-i-urge.  An  imaginary  supernal  creator.  Agent, 
Jdve-Fiend. 

dem'-i-volt.  One  of  the  movements  of  a  horse. 
Spring-Dive. 

de-moc'-ra-cy.  Government  by  the  people.  Gen- 
tility-Democracy, Rule-License. 

dem'-o-crat.  One  who  adheres  to  democracy.  Gen- 
tility-Commonalty. 

De-moc'-ri-tus.  A  so-called  laughing  Greek  philoso- 
pher.    Jubilation-Lamentation. 

dem"-oi-selle\     A  damsel.     Infant-Veteran.       ,' 


de-mol'-ish.  To  destroy.  Creation-Destruction, 
Proof-Disproof. 

de-mol'-ish-ment.  Demolition.  Creation-Destruc- 
tion. 

dem"-c-Ii'-tion.  Destruction.  Creation-Destruction. 

de'-mon.  An  evil  spirit.  Angel-Satan,  Good-Evil, 
Jove-Fiend,  Remedy-Bane,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness; demon  in  human  shape,  Benefactor-Evil- 
doer, Good  Man-Bad  Man;  demon  worship, 
Heaven-Hell. 

de"-mo-ni'-a-cal.  Devilish.  Charitableness-Malev- 
olence, Excitation,  Jove -Fiend,  Virtue -Vice. 

de'-mon-ism.  Belief  in  demons.  Devotion-Idol- 
atry. 

de"-mon-ol'-a-try.  Worship  of  demons.  Devotion- 
Idolatry. 

de"-mon-ol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  demons.  Devo- 
tion-Magic, Jove-Fiend. 

de-mon'-o-my.  Dominion  of  demons.  Devotion- 
Magic. 

de'-mon-ry.     The  influence  of  demons.     Jove-Fiend. 

de'-mon-ship.  The  state  of  a  demon.  Devotion- 
Magic. 

de-mon'-stra-ble.    Capable  of  proof.     Proof-Disproof. 

de-mon'-strate.    To  prove.     Proof-Disproof. 

dem'-on-stra"-ted.     Proved.     Proof-Disproof. 

dem'-on-stra"-ting.  The  act  of  proving.  Proof-Dis- 
proof. 

dem"-on-stra'-tion.  Proof.  Manifestation -La- 
tency, Pomp,  Proof-Disproof;  ocular  demonstra- 
tion, Sight-Blindness,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

de-mon'-stra-tive.  With  the  power  of  demonstration. 
Excitability  -  Inexcitability,  Manifestation- 
Latency,  Proof-Disproof,  Sign. 

de-mon'-stra-tive.     A  pronoun.     Pronoun. 

dem'-on-stra"-tor.  One  who  demonstrates.  Inter- 
preter. 

de-mor"-al-i-za'-tion.  Loss  of  morals.  Betterment 
Deterioration,  Virtue-Vice. 

de-mor'-al-ize.  To  corrupt  morals.  Betterment 
Deterioration,  Virtue-Vice. 

de-mor'-al-ized.     Corrupt  in  morals.     Virtue-Vice. 

de-mor'-al-iz"-ing.  Tending  to  corrupt  morals.  Vir- 
tue-Vice. 

demos  [Gr.]  (di'-mos).  The  people.  Gentility- 
Democracy. 

De-mos'-the-nes.  A  celebrated  Athenian  orator  *nd 
patriot,  of  the  fourth  century,  B.  C.  Speech-Inar- 
ticulateness. 

de-mul'-cent.  Any  soothing  application.  Remedy- 
Bane,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

de-mur'.  To  take  exception.  Assent-Dissent,  De- 
termination -  Vacillation,  Faith  -  Misgiving, 
Readiness-Reluctance. 

de-mure'.  With  a  modest  demeanor.  Conceit-Dif- 
fidence, Excitability-Inexcitability,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

de-mure'-ness.  The  state  of  being  demure.  Conceit- 
Diffidence,  Lightheartedness-Dejection,  So- 
ciety-Affectation. 

de-mur'-rer.     One  who  demurs.     Litigation. 

de-mur'-ring.  Taking  exceptions.  Readiness-Re- 
luctance. 

den.  A  cave.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Contents- 
Receiver,  Dweller -Habitation,  Release - 
Prison;  den  of  thieves,  Theft. 

de-na'-ri-us.     Roman  coin.     Values. 

den'-a-ry.    Tenfold.     Five-Quinquesection. 

de-nat'-u-ral-ize.  To  make  unnatural.  Betterment- 
Deterioration. 

de-nat'-u-ral-ized.  Made  unnatural.  Convention- 
ality-Unconventionality. 

den'-dri-f orm .  Shaped  like  a  tree.  Proportion- 
Deformity. 


DENDROID. 


261 


DEPORTATION. 


den'-droid.     Like  a  tree.     Proportion-Deformity. 

den-drol'-o-gy.  A  discourse  on  trees.  Zoology-Bot- 
any. 

de-ni'-al.  Contrary  assertion.  Assertion-Denial, 
Propfer-Refusal;  self-denial,  Moderation-Self- 
indulgence. 

de-nied'.     Contradicted.     Assertion-Denial. 

den'-i-grate.     To  blacken.     Whiteness-Blackness. 

den"-i-za'-tion.  The  act  of  making  one  a  citizen. 
Liberty-Subjection. 

den'-i-zen.  A  citizen ;  an  inhabitant.  Dweller-Hab- 
itation, Liberty-Subjection;  denizens  of  the  air, 
Jove-Fiend;  denizens  of  the  day,  Fauna-Flora. 

Den'-mark,  something  rot'-ten  in  the  state  of.  Some- 
thing wrong  in  any  place.  [Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  I,  v.] 
Manifestation-Latency. 

de-nom'-i-nate .     To  name.     Name-Misnomer. 

de-nom"-i-na-tion.  The  act  of  denominating.  Asso- 
ciation, Division,  Name-Misnomer;  religious  de- 
nomination, Theology. 

de-nom"-i-na'-tion-al.  Pertaining  to  a  denomination. 
Assent-Dissent,  Theology;  denominational  edu- 
cation, Education-Misteaching. 

de-nom'-i-na"-tor.     A  unit  or  divisor.     Number. 

de-no'- ta-ble.     Able  to  be  denoted.     Sign. 

de-no'-ta-tive.     Able  to  denote.     Sign. 

de-note'.     To  represent.     Sign. 

d£-noue'-ment.  Outcome.  Beginning-End,  Cause- 
Effect,  Completion-Noncompletion,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace. 

de-nounce'.  To  accuse  publicly  as  deserving  censure. 
Approval-Disapproval,  Charitableness-Curse, 
Justification-Charge. 

de-nounce'-ment.  The  act  of  denouncing.  Justifica- 
tion-Charge. 

dense.  Thick.  Gathering-Scattering,  Solidity- 
Rarity. 

den'-si-ty.  The  quality  of  being  dense.  Solidity- 
Rarity. 

dent.  A  hollow;  a  dint.  Convexity-Concavity,  In- 
dentation. 

den'-tal.  One  of  a  class  of  letters  of  the  alphabet. 
Letter. 

den'-tate.     Having  teeth.     Indentation. 

den'-ta"-ted.     Dentate.     Indentation. 

den-tic'-u-late.     Finely  dentate.     Indentation. 

den-tic'-u-la"-ted.  Denticulate.  Indentation, 

Sharpness-Bluntness. 

den'-ti-form'.  Of  the  form  of  a  tooth.  Sharpness- 
Bluntness. 

den'-tist-ry.     The  art  of  a  dentist.     Remedy-Bane. 

den"-u-da'-tion.  The  act  of  denuding.  Dress-Un- 
dress. 

de-nude'.     To  make  nude.     Dress-Undress. 

de-nu'-ded.  Made  nude.  Gain-Loss;  denuded  of, 
Excess-Lack. 

de-nun"-ci-a'-tion.  The  act  of  denouncing.  Appro- 
val-Disapproval, Charitableness-Curse,  Justi- 
fication-Charge. 

de-nun'-ci-a-to-ry.  Having  denunciation.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Charitableness-Curse,  Justifica- 
tion-Charge. 

de-ny'.  To  contradict.  Assertion-Denial,  Commis- 
sion-Retirement, Proffer-Refusal;  deny  one- 
self, Devotion,  Moderation-Selfindulgence, 
Quest-Evasion,  Sociability-Privacy. 

Deo  volente  [L.]  (di'-o  vo-len'-ti) .  God  willing.  Pos- 
sibility-Impossibility. 

de"-ob-struct'.  To  clear  away  obstructions.  Diffi- 
culty-Facility. 

de'-o-dand.  A  personal  chattel  given  to  God,  that  is, 
forfeited  to  the  crown.     Recompense-Penalty. 

de-o'-dor-ize.  To  destroy  odor.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness,  Odor-Inodorousness. 


de-o'-dor-ized.  Free  from  odor.  Odor-Inodorous- 
ness. 

de-o'-dor-iz"-ing.  Tending  to  free  from  odor.  Odor- 
Inodorousness. 

de"-on-tol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  duty.  Duty-Dere- 
liction. 

de-op'-pi-late .  To  free  from  obstructions.  Diffi- 
culty-Facility. 

de-op"-pi-la'-tion.  Removal  of  obstructions.  Diffi- 
culty-Facility. 

de-or"-gan-i-za'-tion.  Loss  of  organic  character.  Or- 
ganization-Disorganization. 

de-os"-cu-la'-tion.     Kissing.     Blandishment. 

de-part'.  To    leave.  Approach-Withdrawal, 

Arrival  -  Departure,  Establishment  -  Removal; 
depart  from,  Aim-Aberration,  Quest-Abandon- 
ment; depart  this  life,  Life-Death. 

de-part'-ed.  Dead.  Entity-Nonentity,    Life- 

Death. 

de-part'-ing.     Departure.     Arrival-Departure. 

de-part'-ment.  A  separate  part.  Division,  Exten- 
sion-District, Occupation,  Whole-Part. 

de-part'-ure.  A  going  away.  Approach-With- 
drawal, Arrival-Departure,  Establishment- 
Removal,  Quest-Evasion;  new  departure,  Begin- 
ning-End; point  of  departure,  Arrival-Departure. 

de-pend'.  To  rely  fully.  Certainty-Doubt,  Suspen- 
sion-Support; depend  on  circumstances,  Certainty- 
Doubt;  depend  upon,  Evidence-Counterevidence, 
Faith-Misgiving,  Liberty-Subjection. 

de-pend'-ant.  One  who  depends  on  another.  Chief- 
Underling. 

de-pend'-ed  on,  to  be.  Trustworthy.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Faith-Misgiving,  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty. 

de-pend'-ence.  The  act  of  depending.  Liberty-Sub- 
jection. 

de-pend'-en-cy.  The  state  of  being  dependent.  Hold- 
ing-Exemption, Liberty-Subjection,  Property, 
Suspension-Support. 

de-pend'-ent.  Subject  to  some  exterior  control.  Cause- 
Effect,  Chief-Underling,  Liberty-Subjection, 
Suspension-Support. 

de"-per-di'-tion.     Destruction.     Gain-Loss. 

de"-phleg-ma'-tion.  A  freeing  from  water  by  evapora- 
tion.    Dampness-Dryness. 

de-pict'.  To  represent  vividly.  Delineation-Carica- 
ture, Painting. 

de-pict'-ing.     Representing  by  a  picture.    Painting. 

de-pict'-ment.  The  act  of  depicting.  Delineation- 
Caricature. 

de-pic'-ture.  To  depict  in  colors  or  words.  Delinea- 
tion-Caricature. 

dep"-i-la'-tion.  The  act  of  removing  hair.  Dress- 
Undress. 

de-pil'-a-to-ry.  Adapted  to  remove  hair.  Remedy- 
Bane. 

de-ple'-tion.     The  act  of  depleting.     Excess-Lack. 

de-plor'-a-ble.  Fit  to  be  deplored.  Goodxess-Bad- 
ness,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Welfare- 
Misfortune. 

de-plore'.  To  regret.  Contentedness-Discontent* 
ment,  Jubilation-Lamentation. 

de-ploy'.     To  unfold.     Enlargement-Diminution 

de-pone'.     To  testify.     Assertion-Denial. 

de-po'-nent.     One  who  deposes.     Evidence-Ccunter- 

EVIDENCE. 

de-pop'-u-late.  To  dispeople.  Admission-Expulsio:;, 
Sociability-Privacy. 

de-pop"-u-la'-tion.  The  act  of  depopulatir  .  Socia- 
bility-Privacy. 

de-port'.     To  transport.     Admission-Expulsion. 

de"-por-ta'-tion.  Transportation.  Admission-ExpuI/» 
sion,  Transfer. 


DEPORTMENT. 


265 


DESCRIBED. 


de-port'-ment.    Conduct.     Conduct. 

de-po'-sal.  The  act  of  deposing.  Commission-Abro- 
gation. 

de-pose'.  To  testify;  to  remove  from  office.  Asser- 
tion-Denial, Commission-Abrogation,  Evidence- 
Counterevidence,  Rule-License. 

de-pos'-it.  To  place.  Establishment-Removal,  Out- 
lay-Income, Security,  Solidity-Rarity,  Store. 

de-poc  -l-la-ry.     A  trustee.     Treasurer. 

dep''-o-si'-tion.  The  act  of  deposing.  Assertion- 
I/ENIal,  Commission-Abrogation,  Establishment- 
Removal,  Evidence-Counterevidence,  Mark- 
Obliteration,  Rule-License. 

de-pos'-i-tc-ry.    A  place  for  storing.    Store,  Treasury. 

de'-pot.  A  warehouse.  Gatheringplace,  Market, 
Store. 

de-prave'.  To  make  bad.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion. 

dep"-ra-va'-tion.  The  act  of  depraving.  Betterment- 
Deterioration. 

de-praved'.  Morally  bad.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Goodness-Badness,  Virtue-Vice. 

de-prave'-ment.  Depravity.  Betterment-Deterio- 
ration. 

de-prav'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  depraved.  Goodness- 
Badness,  Virtue-Vice. 

dep'-re-cate .  To  pray  against.  Compassion-Ruthless- 
ness,  Jubilation-Lamentation,  Motive-Dehorta- 

TION. 

dep"-re-ca'-tion.  Prayer.  Compassion-Ruthless- 
ness,  Motive-Dehortation,  Petition-Expostula- 
tion. 

de-pre'-ci-ate.  To  fall  in  esteem.  Adulation-Dispar- 
agement, Approval-Disapproval. 

de-pre'-ci-a"-ted.  Undervalued.  Costliness-Cheap- 
ness, Overvaluation-Undervaluation. 

de-pre'-ci-a"-ting.  Falling  in  value.  Overvaluation- 
Undervaluation. 

de-pre"-ci-a'-tion.  The  act  of  depreciating.  Adula- 
tion -  Disparagement,  Approval  -  Disapproval, 
Costliness-Cheapness,  Increase-Decrease,  Jus- 
tification-Charge, Overvaluation-Undervalua- 
tion, Price-Discount. 

dep"-re-da'-tion.     A  plundering.     Theft. 

dep'-re-da"-tor.     A  spoiler.     Robber. 

dep"-re-hen'-sion.     A  seizing.     Taking-Restitution. 

de-press'.     To  press  down.     Contentedness-Discon- 

TENTMENT,    CONVEXITY-CONCAVITY,    ELE VATION-De- 

pression,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

de-pressed'.     Pressed  down.     Elevation-Depression. 

de-press'-ing.  Bringing  down  in  spirits.  Lightheart- 
edness  -  Dejection,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness. 

de-pres'-sion.  The  act  of  depressing.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Deepness-Shallowness,  Elevation-De- 
pression, Height-Lowness,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection. 

de-press'-ive.  Tending  to  depress.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

dep"-ri-va'-tion.  The  act  of  depriving.  Gain-Loss, 
Taking-Restitution. 

de-prive'.  To  take  anything  away  from.  Addition- 
Subtraction,  Taking-Restitution;  deprive  of  life, 
Life-Death;  deprive  of  power,  Might-Impotence; 
deprive  of  strength,  Strength-Weakness. 

de-prived'  of.     Dispossessed.     Gain-Loss. 

de-prive'-ment.     Deprivation.     Taking-Restitution. 

depth.  Deepness.  Deepness-Shallowness,  Sagac- 
ity-Incapacity; d»pth  of  misery,  Pleasure-Pain; 
depth  of  thought,  Reflection- Vacancy;  depth  of 
winter,  Heat-Cold;  out  of  one's  depth,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Recklessness-Caution. 

dep'-u-rate.    To  purify.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

dep'-u-ra-to-ry.     Purifying.     Remedy-Bane. 


dep"-u-ta'-tion.  A  delegation.  Commission-Abroga- 
tion. 

de-pute'.    To  delegate.    Commission-Abrogation. 

Dep'-u-ties,  Cham'-ber  of.  One  branch  of  the  French 
legislature.     Council. 

dep'-u-ty.  Delegate.  Representative,  President- 
Member,  Rule-License. 

de-quan'-ti-tate.  To  lessen  the  quantity.  Increase- 
Decrease. 

de-range'-ment.  Disorder.  Organization-Disorgan- 
ization, Regularity-Irregularity,  Saneness- 
Lunacy. 

Der'-by  day.  The  day  of  the  Derby  sweepstakes. 
Strife-Peace. 

der'-e-lict.  Deserted.  Keeping- Relinquishment, 
Ocean-Land,  Sociability-Privacy. 

der"-e-lic'-tion.  Failure  in  duty.  Innocence-Guilt, 
Keeping-Relinquishment;  dereliction  of  duty, 
Duty-Dereliction. 

der'-ham  [Ar.].     Arabic  coin.     Values. 

de-ride'.  To  ridicule.  Regard-Disrespect,  Society- 
Derision. 

de-ri'-sion.  Ridicule.  Jubilation-Lamentation,  Re- 
gard-Disrespect, Regard-Scorn,  Society-Deri- 
sion. 

de-ri'-sive.  Showing  derision.  Regard-Disrespect, 
Society-Derision. 

de-ri'-so-ry.    Showing  derision.    Society-Derision. 

der"-i-va'-tion.  The  act  of  deriving.  Cause-Effect, 
Rationale-Luck,  Word-Neology. 

de-riv'-a-tive.  Derived.  Cause-Effect,  Noun,  Word- 
Neology. 

de-rive'.  To  obtain  by  regular  process.  Decision- 
Misjudgment,  Gain -Loss,  Outlay -Income,  Ra- 
tionale-Luck. 

de-rived' verb.     Kind  of  verb.     Verb. 

der'-mal.     Of  the  skin.     Cover-Lining. 

der"-ma-tol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  the  skin.  Cover- 
Lining. 

dernier  ressort  [F.]  (der-ni-e'  rc-sor').  Last  resort. 
Volition-Obligation. 

derobie,  a  la  [F.]  (de-ro-be',  a  la).  By  stealth.  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy. 

der'-o-gate.  To  disparage.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Uprightness-Dishonesty;  derogate  from, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

der"-o-ga'-tion.  The  act  of  derogating.  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

de-rog'-a-to-ry.  Lessening  in  repute.  Adulation- 
Disparagement,  Reputation-Discredit,  Upright- 
ness-Dishonesty. 

der'-rick.  A  machine  for  lifting  and  swinging  heavy 
weights.     Elevation-Depression. 

der'-vish.     A  Mohammedan  monk.     Ministry-Laity. 

disagriment  [F.]  (de-za-gre-mcuv').  Something  dis- 
agreeable.   Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

des-cant'.  To  discourse  at  length.  Essay,  Music, 
Terseness-Prolixity. 

de-scend'.  To  go  downward.  Ascent-Descent,  In- 
crease-Decrease, Parallelism-Inclination;  de- 
scend to  particulars,  Account,  Universality-Par- 
ticularity. 

de-scend'-ant.     Offspring.     Parentage-Progeny. 

de-scen'-sion.     Descent.     Ascent-Descent. 

descensus  Averni,  facilis  [L.]  (di-sen'-sus  ,a-ver'-nai 
fas'-i-lis).  The  descent  to  Avernus  is  easy.  [Virg., 
JEneid,  vi,  126.]     Security-Insecurity. 

de-scent'.  The  act  of  descending.  Ascent-Descent, 
Cause-Effect,  Gain-Loss,  Increase-Decrease, 
Parentage-Progeny. 

de-scribe'.  To  give  a  description.  Account,  Delinea- 
tion-Caricature. 

de-scribed'.  Having  the  characteristics  given.  Ac- 
count. 


DESCRIPTION. 


2G6 


DESIGN. 


de-scrip'-tion.  The  act  of  describing.  Account, 
Division,  Name-Misnomer,  Rhetoric. 

de-scrip'-tive.  Having  description.  Account,  Rhet- 
oric. 

de-scry'.     To  discern.     Sight-Blindness. 

des'-e-crate.  To  profane.  Godliness-Ungodliness, 
Regard-Disrespect,  Use-Disuse. 

des'-e-cra"-ting.     Profaning.  Godliness-Ungodli- 

ness. 

dss'-e-cra"-tion.  The  act  of  desecrating.  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness, Use-Misuse. 

des'-ert.     A  waste  ;    empty.      Fertility -Sterility, 

.  Gulf-Plain,  Presence- Absence;  waste  sweetness 
on  the  desert  air,  Provision-Waste. 

de-sert'.  Abandon;  what  one  deserves.  Commission- 
Retirement,  Quest-Abandonment,  Quest-Evas- 
ion, Virtue- Vice. 

de-sert'-ed.  Forsaken.  Obstruction-Help,  Pres- 
ence-Absence, Sociability-Privacy. 

de-sert'-er.  One  who  forsakes  duty.  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy, Patriotism-Treason. 

de-sert'-ful.     High  in  desert.     Virtue-Vice. 

de-sert'-ing.  *  Forsaking.     Quest-Abandonment. 

de-ser'-tion.  The  act  of  deserting.  Sociability- 
Privacy. 

de-sert'-less.     Undeserving.     Virtue-Vice. 

de-serve'.  To  merit.  Dueness-Undueness;  deserve 
belief,  Faith-Misgiving;  deserve  notice,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance. 

de-served'.  Merited.  Dueness-Undueness,  Right- 
Wrong. 

de-serv'-ing.  Worthy  of  regard.  Dueness-Undue- 
ness, Virtue-Vice. 

disespoir,  an  [F.]  (de-zes-pwar',  o).  In  despair. 
Lightheartedness  -  Dejection,  Sanguineness- 
Hopelessness. 

deshabille,  en  [F.]  (dg-za-bi-ye',  an-).  In  undress. 
Dress-Undress,  Embellishment-Disfigurement, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

des'-ic-cate.     To  dry.     Dampness-Dryness. 

des"-ic-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  desiccating.  Dampness- 
Dryness. 

de-sid'-er-ate.     To  desire.     Desire-Distaste,  Need. 

de-sid"-e-ra'-tum.  Something  desirable.  Desire- 
Distaste,  Investigation-Answer,  Need. 

de-sign'.  A  drawing.  Copy-Model,  Delineation- 
Caricature,  Design,  Painting,  Purpose-Luck. 

DESIGN. 

Deep-laid  plan,  etc.  Cunningly  formed  plan.  See  Predetermina- 
tion. 

Design.     A  preliminary  plan  or  sketch. 

Germ,  etc.     The  earliest  form.     See  Cause. 

Motion.     A  suggestion  or  proposal  looking  forward  to  action. 

Organization,  etc.  A  systematic  arrangement,  preparatory  to  action 
or  use.     See  Organization. 

Plan.     A  formulated  scheme  of  action  or  procedure. 

Precaution,  etc.  A  provision  made  in  advance  to  ward  off  evil  or 
secure  success.     See  Preparation. 

Project.     An  impracticable  scheme. 

Proposal.    That  which  is  offered  for  consideration ;  a  scheme. 

Proposition.     Something  presented  for  discussion  or  consideration. 

Resolution.      Something  resolved  or  determined;   a  settled  purpose. 

Sclieme.    A  design  or  plan  of  something  to  be  done. 

'Suggestion.     That  which  is  suggested  or  intimated;  a  hint. 

System,  etc.     Formal  arrangement.     See  Regularity. 

Design — Denotations ,  etc. 

Alternative.     The  course  of  action  or  the  thing  offered  in  place  of 

another. 
Artifice.     An  artful  or  crafty  device. 
Base  of  operations.     A  place  from  which  the  forward  movements  of 

an  army  are  made,  supplies  drawn,  etc. 
Bill.     Any  paper  containing  a  statement  of  particulars. 
Bill  of  fare.     An  enumeration  of  the  dishes  served  at  a  public  table. 

See  Nutriment. 


e.  [-An  un 
re.) 


Bold  hit. 

Bold  move.  J- An  unexpected  or  daring  operation. 

Bold  stroke. 

Bright  thought.}  A  briIliant'  »**  thou*ht" 

Brouillon  [F.].     A  rough  draft. 

Cabal.     An  intrigue. 

Card.     A  piece  of  pasteboard  or  thick  paper  for  various  uses. 

Carte  du  pays  [F.].     A  map  of  a  country* 

Cheval  de  bataille  [F.].     A  war-horse*  the  main  dependence. 

Clever  hit.       "l 

Clever  move.   /-An  act  or  movement  showing  skill. 

Clever  stroke.) 

Complot.     A  conspiracy. 

Conspiracy.     An  agreement  between  two  or  more  persons  to  commit 

a  crime. 
Contrivance.     A  scheme  or  plan. 
Copy.     A  reproduction  of  an  original  work. 
Counterplot.     A  plot  opposed  to  another. 
Coup  [F.].     A  stroke. 

Coupd'itat  [F.].     A  bold  stroke  of  policy. 
Court  card.     A  card  bearing  a  coated  figure. 
Device.     That  which  is  formed  by  design. 

j.       *,  .  f  A  plan  drawn  in  outline. 

Ebauche  [F.].     A  rough  sketch. 

Expedient.     Suitable  means  to  accomplish  an  end. 

Forecast.     A  previous  plan  or  determination. 

Great  gun.     A  plan  or  movement  or  person  superior  to  others. 

Intrigue.     A  plot  or  scheme  intended  to  effect  something  secretly. 

Invention.     An  original  contrivance  or  construction. 

Last  shift.  An  expedient  tried  in  a  difficulty.  See  Volition- 
Obligation. 

List  of  agenda.     List  of  things  to  be  done. 

Loophole.     A  means  of  escape  or  evasion. 

Machination.     A  hostile  or  treacherous  scheme. 

Master  stroke.     A  masterly  deed. 

Measure.     An  act  designed  for  the  accomplishment  of  an  object. 

Nostrum.     A  device  of  a  quack. 

Order  of  the  day.  The  outline  of  business  for  the  day,  of  a  legislative 
or  deliberative  body. 

Outline.     A  sketch  having  only  the  borders  of  a  figure. 

Platform.     A  declaration  of  principles. 

Plot.     Any  scheme,  or  secret  design. 

Policy.  Settled  method  by  which  affairs  are  conducted.  See 
Conduct. 

Program.     An  outline  of  the  order  to  be  followed. 

Proof.     A  trial  impression. 

Prospectus.     A  summary  or  plan  of  something  proposed. 

Protocol.     A  preliminary  treaty. 

Receipt.  A  form  according  to  the  directions  of  which  things  are  to 
be  taken  or  combined. 

Revise.     A  second  proof-sheet. 

Role  [F.].     A  part  taken,  as  in  a  play 

Rorgh  cast.     A  rude  model. 

Rough  draft.      j  A  mde  drawi      or  sketch< 

Rough  draught  J 

Shift.     A  plan  or  method  tried  in  a  difficulty.     See  Commvtation. 

Skeleton.     The  framework  of  anything. 

Sketch.     The  first  rough  plan  of  anything. 

Step.     A  measure  or  action. 

Stratagem.     A  trick;  especially  of  the  leader  of  an  army.  See  Craft. 

Stroke.  1  A  powerful  or  sudden  effort  by  which  something  is 

Stroke  of  policy./      done. 

Trick.     A  sly  procedure.     See  Fraud. 

Trump  card.     The  winning  card;  the  winning  action. 

Underplot.     A  secret  scheme;  a  secondary  plot  in  a  play. 

Design — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Artist.     One  skilled  in  a  fine  art. 

Conspirator.     One  who  engages  in  a  conspiracy. 

Designer.     One  who  designs  or  plans. 

Intrigant,  etc.  [F.].     An  intriguing  fellow.     See  Craft. 

Machinator.     One  who  forms  evil  designs;  an  artful  schemer. 

Projector.     One  who  forms  fanciful  schemes. 

Promoter.     One  who  assists  in  setting  a  financial  enterprise  on  loot. 

Schematist.     One  given  to  forming  schemes. 

Schemist.     A  schemer. 

Strategist.     A  person  skilled  in  strategy. 

Design — Verbs. 
Arrange,  etc.      To  make  ready  or  prepare,  etc.      See  Organization 
Cast.     To  fix  or  distribute,  as  the  parts  of  a  play. 
Chalk  out.     To  sketch,  as  with  chalk;  to  plan. 


DESIGN 


267 


DESIRE— DISTASTE. 


DESIGN— Verbs— Continued. 
Concert.     To  devise  or  arrange. 
Concoct.     To  contrive  or  plan. 
Contrive      To  devise  by  the  exercise  of  ingenuity. 
Countermine.     To  frustrate  by  clandestine  measures. 
Counterplot.     To  attempt  to  frustrate  by  stratagem. 
Cut  out      To  scheme  or  prepare. 
Design.     To  sketch  for  a  pattern  or  model. 
Devise.     To  formulate  in  the  mind;  to  contrive. 
Dig  a  mine.     Plot. 
Digest.     To  arrange  methodically. 
Fall  upon.     To  attempt;  to  hit  upon. 
Forecast.     To  plan  beforehand. 
?rame.     To  originate  or  plan. 
Hatch.     To  originate  or  contrive. 
Hatch  a  plot. 

Hit  upon.     To  come  upon  by  chance. 

Intrigue,  etc.     To  form  a  scheme  or  plan,  etc.     See  Craft. 
Invent,  etc.     To  contrive  something  not  before  known.     See  Fancy. 
Lay  a  train.  \  _         , 

Lay  down  a  plan./  To  make  P^P^tions. 
Lay  out.     To  plan  in  detail. 

.,     ,       '  f  To  clearly  indicate;  to  sketch. 

Mark  out  a  course  J  ' 

Mature.     To  bring  to  maturity;  complete. 

Organize.     To  arrange  the  various  parts  of  a  plan  for  action  or  work. 

Plan.     To  form  a  delineation  or  representation  of. 

Plot.     To  devise  secretly;  scheme. 

Preconcert.     To  arrange  beforehand. 

Predetermine,  etc.  Todetermine beforehand.  See  Predetermine  I  ON. 

Preestablish.     To  establish  beforehand. 

Prepare,  etc.     To  make  ready.     See  Preparation 

Project.     To  sketch  out  in  the  mind. 

Recast.     To  shape  anew  or  to  compute  a  second  time. 

Scheme.     To  form  a  scheme;  design. 

Set  one's  wits  to  work,  etc.     See  Fancy. 

Shape  out  a  course.     Plan. 

Sketch.     To  make  a  rough  draft  of. 

Spring  a  project.     See  Nouns. 

Strike  out.     To  devise  or  contrive. 

Systematize.     To  arrange  or  dispose  methodically. 

Take  measures.)  ™, 

T  ,  (  T o  move  in  a  matter. 


Design — Adjectives. 

In  course  of  preparation,  etc.     See  Preparation. 

On  the  carpet.     Under  consideration. 

On  the  tapis.     On  the  table  or  under  consideration. 

Planned.     See  Verbs. 

Planning.     See  Verbs. 

e™  eg!c* .  }  Pertaining  to  strategy  or  effected  by  strategy. 

Under  consideration. 


des'-ig-nate.  To  point  out.  Name-Misnomer,  Uni- 
versality-Particularity. 

des"-ig-na'-tion.  The  act  of  designating.  Division, 
Name-Misnomer. 

de-signed'.  Intentional.  Predetermination-Im- 
pulse. 

de-sign'-ed-ly.     Purposely.     Purpose-Luck. 

de-sign'-er.     One  who  designs.     Artist,  Design. 

de-sign'-ing.  Making  a  plan.  Delineation-Carica- 
ture. 

de-sign'-ing.     Cunning.     Craft-Artlessness. 

de-sign'-less.     Without  intention.     Purpose-Luck. 

des'-i-nence.  A  termination.  Beginning-End,  Dis- 
continuance-Continuance. 

desipere  in  loto  [L.]  (di-sip'-e-ri  in  lo'-co).  To  unbend 
on  occasion.     Jubilation-Lamentation. 

de-sir"-a-bU'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  desirable.  Pro- 
priety-Impropriety. 

de-sir'-a-bleQ  Fit  to  be  desired.  Desire-Distaste, 
Propriety-Impropriety. 

de-sir'-a-ble-ness.  The  quality  of  being  desirable. 
Propriety-Impropriety. 

de-sire'.  A  longing.  Desire-Distaste,  Love-Hate, 
Nz;ed,  Purpose-Luck,  Readiness-Reluctance, 
Sanguineness-IIopelessness;  have  no  desire  for, 
Sensitiveness-Apathy,  Unconcern. 


DESIRE— DISTASTE. 


Allurement.     Some  attractive  real  or  supposed  good. 

Ambition.     The  desire  for  advancement. 

Animus.     That  animating  spirit  which  impels  one  to  achieve 

Anxiety.     Concern  about  some  event  not  yet  known. 

Appetence.     Eager  desire. 

Appetency.     That  natural   desire  in  animals  to  seek  that  which  is 

best  suited  to  their  nature  and  nourishment,  as  the  duck  takes  to 

the  water. 
Appetite.     A  physical  want. 
Appetition.     A  seeking  after  something. 
Ardor.     The  eagerness'  with  which  one  follows  his  work. 
Aspiration.     High  hope  for  attainment. 

Attraction.     The  quality  of  drawing  objects  outside  of  itself  to  itself. 
Avidity.     Intense  desire. 
Bent.     Inclination;  tendency  toward. 
Breathless  impatience.     Overanxiety  to  attain  one's  end. 
Cacoethes.     A  bad  habit;  desire  for  the  worthless. 
Canine  appetite.     A  voracious  appetite,  like  that  of  a  dog. 
Concupiscence.     Sexual  lust. 

Coveting.     Wrongfully  seeking  the  property  of  others. 
Covetousness.     The  quality  of  being  covetous. 
Craving.     Eager  desire. 

Cupidity.     Desire  for  wealth,  gain,  possessions. 
Desire.     A  longing  for  some  real  or  supposed  good  not  possessed. 
Dipsomania.     Insatiable  desire  for  alcoholic  drinks. 
Drought.     Thirst  for. 
Eagerness.     Earnest  desire. 
Edge  of  appetite.     A  sharp  appetite. 
Edge  of  hunger.     A  strong  want  of  food. 
Empressement.     Assiduity;  eagerness. 
Exigency.     Urgent  want. 
Fancy.     Liking;  inclination. 
Fantasy.     See  Fancy. 
Fascination.     A  charm;  a  spell. 
Fondness.     Attachment  to,  or  liking  for. 
Furore.     Excitement. 

Grasping      Seizing  everything  that  can  be  gotten  hold  of. 
Greed.     An  eager  desire  for  something. 


Abhorrence.     Detestation. 

Abomination.     Extreme  disgust. 

Animosity.     See  Favorite-Anger. 

Antipathy.     Settled  aversion. 

Aversation.     A  turning  away  from  in  dislike. 

Averseness.     Opposition. 

Aversion.     Dislike;  disgust. 

Backwardness.     See  Readiness-Reluctance. 

Disgust.     Repugnance. 

Disinclination.     Loathing;  aversion 

Detestation.     Extreme  hatred  or  dislike. 

Dislike.     Hate;  antipathy. 

Displacehcy.     Envious  displeasure. 

Disrelish.     Want  of  enjoyment. 

Distaste.     Disgust ;   displeasure. 

Gall  and  wormwood.     See  Palatableness-Unpalatableness. 

Hate.     See  Love-Hate. 

Horror.     Dread;  that  which  excites  fear. 

Loathing.     Distasteful. 

Misrelish.     Dislike. 

Mortal  antipathy.  }D  ,.  ... 

Mortal  horror.       J 

Nausea.     Squeamishness. 

Queasiness.     Qualmishness ;  delicate. 

Reluctance.     Unwillingness;  hesitancy. 

Repugnance.     Antipathy;  dislike. 

Rooted  antipathy.  |  D        ^  Uke   - 

Rooted  horror.       J 

Shuddering.     Horror;  fear. 

Sickener      Anything  that  causes  disgust. 

Turn.     Change  of  tendency  or  feeling,  as  from  desire  to  dislike. 

Distaste — Associated  Nouns. 
Cold  sweat.     Perspiration  accompanied  by  chilliness,  caused  by  fear. 
Hydrophobia.     A  great  dread  of  water,  a  symptom  of  canine  madness. 

D  i  st  a  st  e —  Verbs. 
Abhor.     Detest;  shun. 
Abominate.     To  feel  great  disgust. 


DESIRE. 

Greediness.     The  quality  of  being  greedy. 

Hankering.     A  longing  after. 

Height  of  one's  ambition .     Having  attained  all  that  one  ever  desired. 

Mobby.     One  s  favorite  object  or  pursuit. 

Hobbyhorse.    A  specialty;  some  subject  which  appeals  most  strongly 

Hunger.     The  desire  for  food. 

Inclination.     Tendency;  attraction. 

Inextinguishable  desire.     A  desire  not  to  be  satisfied. 

Impetuosity.     See  Excitability. 

Inkling.     An  intimation;  a  hint. 

Itch.     An  irritating  desire. 

Itching.     See  Itch. 

Itching  palm.     A  hand  itching  for  money.     [Shakespeare,     Julius 

Ccesar,  IV,  in.] 
Keenness.     Eagerness;  ardentness. 
Kleptomania.     An  irresistible  mania  to  steal. 
Leaning.     A  hankering  for;  a  tendency  toward. 
Lickerish  tooth.     Eagerness  to  taste  or  enjoy. 
Liking.     Kindly  disposition  for. 
Longing.     Desire;  wish. 
Longing  eye.     Wistful  eye. 
Love.     Affection;  devotion. 
Lust.     Carnal  appetite. 
Maggot.     An  odd  fancy. 
Mania.     A  mad  desire. 
Manie.     See  Mania. 
Mind.     Inclination;  disposition. 

Mouth-watering.     Eager  desire  for  something  delightful  to  the  taste, 
need.      Want;  necessity. 
Overanxiety.      Too  much  concern  about  the  happening  of  some 

event. 
Partiality.     Special  favor. 

Passion.     A  desire  intensified  by  the  presence  of  the  object 
Penchant.     A  bias;  a  decided  taste. 

Predilection.     A  predetermined    affection    for    some  one  or  some- 
thing. 

Prestige.     Expectation  of  the  future  based  on  the  experience  of  the 

Propensity.     See  Affections. 

Prurience.     Uneasy  with  a  lustful  desire. 

Rage.     Vehement  desire;  unreasonable  passion. 

Rapacity.     Exorbitant  greediness  for  gain 

Ravenousness.     The  quality  of  being  eager  for  gratification 

Kehsh.     Appetite;  fondness. 

Sharp  appetite.     Intense  longing  for. 

Sheep's  eye.     A  bashful  or  amorous  glance. 

Solicitude.     Anxiety;  concern. 

Stomach.     An  appetite. 

Sweet  tooth.     A  special  fondness  for  sweetmeats 

Thirst.     Desire  for  drink.      : 

Thirstiness.     The  state  of  being  thirsty. 

Twist.     Turning  from  one's  usual  course  to  gain  favor 

Vaulting  ambition.     Gaining  of  preferment,  as  by  leaping  upon  a 

horse.     [Shakespeare,  Macbeth,  I,  vii.J 
Voracity.     See  Fasting-Gluttony. 
Want.     Wish;  desire.     See  Need. 
Whim.     A  capricious  fancy. 
Whimsey.     A  craze  for. 
Willingness.     See  Readiness. 
Wish.     Expression  of  desire. 
Wistful  eye.     Expression  of  desire. 
Yearning.     A  longing  desire. 
Zeal.     Passionate  ardor  in  the  pursuit  of  anything. 


268 


DESIRE— DISTASTE. 


Desire — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Amateur.     A  lover  of  some  pursuit  or  science  for  the  pleasure  he  finds 

m  following  it. 
Aspirant.     One  who  hopes  for  honors,  achievements 
Candidate.     A  seeker  for  office. 
Cormorant.     See  Fasting-Gluttony. 
Devotee.     A  person  wholly  given  up  to  religion. 
Lover.     One  who  loves. 

Magnet.     Something  which  draws  other  objects  to  itself, 
bohcitant.     One  who  desires  to  obtain  something 
Votary.     One  devoted  to  some  particular  state  in  life. 

Desire — Associated  Nouns. 
Completion  wished  for.     The  end  or  satisfaction  of  desire 
Conrummation  devocdy  to  be  wished.     An  earnest  and  heart-felt 

desire.     [Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  III.  i  1  " 

Desideratum  [L.].     Anything  desired 
Fortunatus'  cap.     The  cap  of  Fortune  by  which  a  person  could  secure 

anything  desired. 
Idol.     That  on  which  the  affections  are  strongly  set. 


•  DISTASTE— Verbs— Continued. 

Avoid.     See  Quest-Evasion. 

Cause  dislike.     See  Nouns. 

Conceive  a  dislike.     See  Nouns. 

Conceive  an  aversion  to.     See  Nouns. 

Detest.     To  abhor ;  to  shun  ;  to  testify  against. 

Disgust.     To  offend  one's  taste. 

Disincline.     To  turn  away. 

Dislike.     To  hate;  to  feei  aversion 

Disrelish.     To  feel  a  distaste. 

Entertain  a  dislike.     See  Nouns. 

Enatnottieran  &V"^°n  t0"    To  to'erate  a  feeIin«  °f  antipathy  towards 

Eschew.     To  steer  clear  of. 

Excite  a  dislike.     To  provoke  unfriendliness. 

Go  against  the  grain.     To  be  distasteful. 

Go  against  the  stomach.     To  cause  loathing. 

Hate.     See  Love-Hate. 

Have  enough  of.     See  Desire-Repletion. 

Have  a  dislike. 

Have  an  aversion  to.      [ 

Have  no  stomach  for.    f  Dislike. 

Have  no  taste  for.         j 

Have  rather  not.     Object  to. 

Insouciance.     Careless,  indifferent  ur-oncern. 

Loathe.     To  feel  disgust,  or  nausea;  to  hate. 

Look  askance  at.     Look  at  sidelong  with  contempt. 

Make  a  grimace.     To  distort  one's  face. 

Make  a  mouth.     To  distort  the  mouth. 

Make  a  wry  face.     To  draw  up  one's  face. 

Make  faces.     Show  distaste. 

Make  one's  blood  run  cold.     See  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

Make  sick.     To  nauseate. 

Mind.     To  notice;  to  be  displeased  with. 

Mislike.     See  Desire-Distaste. 

Nauseate.     To  loathe ;  to  disgust. 

Not  care  for.     Dislike. 

Not  to  be  able  to  abide.   ■) 

Not  to  be  able  to  bear.       I  Dislike  extremely. 

Not  to  be  able  to  endure.  J 

Object  to.     To  oppose. 

Pall.     To  lose  spirit  or  taste  for. 

Recoil  from.     To  withdraw  from  in  disgust. 

Render  sick.     To  make  sick. 

Repel.     To  drive  back. 

Shock.     To  frighten;  horrify. 

Shrink  from.     To  be  horrified. 

Shrug  the  shoulders  at.     To  show  contempt 

Shudder  at.     To  be  afraid  of. 

Shun.     To  avoid ;  to  refuse  the  company  of. 

Sicken.     To  disgust. 

Stick  in  the  throat.     Not  to  agree  with  one's  liking. 

Stink  in  the  nostrils.     To  be  an  abomination  to  one. 

Take  a  dislike.     To  hate. 

Take  amiss.     See  Favorite-Anger. 

Take  an  aversion  to.     To  become  offended. 

Turn  one's  stomach.     To  produce  vomiting;  produce  extreme  disgust 

Turn  up  the  nose  at.     To  disdain. 

Wamble.     To  cause  the  stomach  to  roll;  disagree. 

Withdraw  from.     Refuse  to  associate  with. 


Distaste — Adjectives. 
Abhorrent.     Detestable'  repugnant. 
Adverse.     Opposed 
Adverse  to.     Turned  from ;  hostile  to. 
Disagreeable.     See  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 
Disgusting.     See  Verbs. 
Disinclined.     Alienated;  indisposed. 
Dislike.     See  Verbs. 
Disliking.     See  Verbs. 
Dogsick.     Very  sick. 
Fulsome.     Offensive  from  excess. 
Heartsick.     Despondent;  pained  in  mind. 
Insufferable.     Unendurable. 
Loathful.      Hating;   abhorring. 
Loathsome.     Exciting  disgust. 
Loth.     Odious;  hateful. 
Offensive.     Distasteful. 

Out  of  conceit  with.     Not  having  a  favorable  opinion  01. 
Queasy.     Ticklish;  squeamish. 
Repellent.     Tending  to  drive  back. 
Repugnant.     Combative. 
Repulsive.     Bitter;  arousing  disgust. 
Shy  of.     Afraid  of. 


DESIRE. 


269 


DESIRE. 


DESIRE — Associated  Nouns — Continued. 
.  Seduction.     The  act  of  leading  to  do  wrong. 

Temptation.     The  act  of  being  led  to  do  wrong. 

Torment  of  Tantalus.  The  torment  of  a  Phrygian  king  who  was 
placed  in  the  midst  of  a  lake  whose  waters  reached  to  his  chin,  but 
receded  whenever  he  attempted  to  allay  his  thirst,  while  over  his 
head  hung  branches  of  fruit  which  receded  when  he  grasped  for 
them. 

Desire — Verbs. 

Affect.     To  aspire  to  or  aim  at. 

Allure.     To  attempt  to  draw  to 

Appetize.     To  excite  an  appetite. 

Aspire  after.     Strive  to  attain. 

Attract.     To  draw  to. 

Be  bent  upon.     Eager  to  follow. 

Be  desirous.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  hungry.     See  A  djectives. 

Be  on  thorns  for.     To  be  very  anxious  about. 

Be  ravenous.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  wishful.     See  A  djectives. 

Burn  to.     To  have  a  strong  desire. 

Care  for.     To  be  solicitous;  concerned. 

Cast  a  sheep's  eye  upon.     To  look  furtively  on  the  object  of  affection. 

Catch  at.     To  attempt  to  obtain. 

Cause  desire.     Awaken  desire. 

Cling  to.     To  hold  on  tenaciously. 

Court.     To  woo;  make  love  to. 

Covet.     See  Nouns. 

Crave  after.     To  long  for  earnestly. 

Create  desire.     Produce  a  desire  which  was  lacking. 

Cry  for.     To  want  something  earnestly. 

Desiderate.     To  miss;  to  want. 

Desire.     See  Nouns. 

Die  for.     To  give  up  one's  life  in  the  interest  of. 

Excite  desire.     To  stir  up  a  feeling  of  longing. 

Faire  venir  Veau  a  la  bouche  [F.].     To  make  the  mouth  water. 

Fancy.     See  Nouns.  * 

Feel  the  want  of.     To  know  the  necessity. 

Find  it  in  one's  heart.     See  sub  Readiness. 

Fish  for.     To  seek  for;  to  go  in  quest  of . 

Gape  for.     To  anxiously  wait  for  something. 

Gasp  for.     To  express  eager  desire  for. 

Grasp  at.     To  try  to  get  hold  of. 

Gratify  desire.     See  Pleasurableness. 

Hanker  after.     To  have  a  vehement  desire  for. 

Have  a  fancy  for.     To  take  a  liking  to. 

Have  a  good  appetite .     To  possess  a  proper  desire  for  food. 

Have  a  longing.     See  Nouns. 

Have  a  mind  to.     To  be  kindly  inclined  to. 

Have  an  eye  to.     To  watch  with  interest. 

Have  at  heart.     To  be  much  concerned  about. 

Hold  out  allurements.     To  offer  inducements;  to  draw  on. 

Hold  out  temptations.     To  try  to  lead  astray, 

Hope.     See  Sanguineness. 

Hope  for.     To  expect  to  obtain 

Hunger  after.     To  desire  with  great  eagerness. 

Itch  after.     To  have  an  irritating  desire  for. 

Jump  at.     To  be  glad  to  accept. 

Languish  for.     To  pine  away  for. 

Like,     Love;  favor;  desire. 

List.     To  lean;  to  incline. 

Long  for.     To  hanker  after;  to  want. 

Look  sweet  upon.     Toregard;  towoo. 

Lust  after.     Desire  to  seduce. 

Make  one's  mouth  water.     See  Nouns. 

Miss.     To  notice  the  absence  of;  to  care  for. 

Need.     To  be  necessary  to  satisfy  want. 

Ogle.     To  show  a  fondness  for. 

Pant  for.     Earnestly  long  for. 

Pine  for.     To  waste  away  with  desire. 

Play  a  good  knife  and  fork.     To  be  a  good  eater. 

Prefer.     See  Choice. 

Provoke  desire.     To  call  forth  desire. 

Put  up  for.     To  care  for. 

Raven  for.     To  display  a  devouring  appetite. 

Run  mad  after.     To  have  an  uncontrollable  passion. 

Set  one's  cap  at.  A  phrase  applied  to  the  action  of  a  woman  who 
desires  to  win  the  love  of  a  certain  man. 

Set  one's  eyes  upon.     To  have  hope  of  attainment. 

Set  one's  heart  upon.     To  determine  to  gain. 

Set  one's  mind  upon.     See  Set  one's  heart  upon. 

Sigh  for.     To  yearn  for. 

Solicit.     To  manifest  deep  concern. 


DISTASTE— Adjectives— Continutd. 
Sick.     Affected  by  disease. 
Sick  of.     Disgusted  with. 
Uncared  for.     Neglected;  unloved. 
Unpopular.     Disliked;  despised. 

Distaste — Adverbial  Phrase. 
Usque  ad  nauseam  [L.].     To  disgust. 

Distaste — Interjections. 
Faugh t  fohl  ugh! 

Distaste — Phrase. 
Non  libet  [L.].     It  does  not  please  me. 


DESIRE—  Verbs— Continued. 
Take  a  fancy  to.     To  take  a  liking  to  something. 
Take  into  one's  head.     To  admit  into  favor. 
Take  one's  fancy.     To  have  the  quality  of  winning  favor. 
Take  to.     To  form  a  fascination  for. 
Tantalize.     To  sharpen  one's  desire  by  presenting  the  desired  object 

and  not  allowing  one  to  have  it,  as  was  done  to  Tantalus. 
Tempt.     To  try  to  seduce  to  commit  sin. 
Thirst  after.     A  craving. 

Titillate.     To  arouse  a  pleasing  tickling  sensation. 
Want.     To  wish  for;  to  desire. 
Whet  the  appetite.     To  stimulate;  to  excite. 
Whistle  for.     To  desire  to  have  some  one  answer  to  a  call. 

■vj.  .*,       \  To  express  a  desire  to  obtain. 

Woo.     To  court;  to  love. 

Would  be  glad  of.     Would  be  pleased  at. 

Would  fain  do.     Would  do  gladly. 

Would  fain  have.     Would  be  glad  to  possess. 

Yearn  for.     To  desire  eagerly. 

Desire — Adjectives. 
Agog.     In  eager  desire. 

Alieni  appetens  [L-j].     Coveting  the  property  of  others. 
All  agog.     All  eager. 

Ambitious.     Desirous  of  power,  honor,  preferment. 
Anxious.     Concern  about  the  outcome  of  certain  events. 
Appetizable.     Able  to  excite  an  appetite. 
Appetizing.     Exciting  appetite. 
Ardent.     Glowing;  warm. 
Aspiring.     Longing  for;  hoping. 
At  a  loss  for.     In  need  of. 
Athirst.     In  need  of  drink. 
Avid.     Eagerly  longing  for. 

Bent    Don  1  Inc^ne^-  leaning  in  that  way. 

Breathless.     Overanxious;  very  desirous. 

Burning.     Earnest;  eager. 

Covetous.     Desiring  the  property  of  another. 

Craving.     With  an  intense  appetite  for. 

Curious.     Eager  to  find  out.  # 

Desirable.     Profitable  to  have. 

Desired.     Wished  for. 

Desiring.     See  Verbs. 

Desirous.     Wanting  something. 

Devoured  by  desire.     Overcome  with  passion. 

Drouthy.     Thirsty. 

Dry.     Needing  drink. 

Dying  for.     Giving  up  one's  life  for. 

Eager.     Excited  by  desire  in  the  pursuit  of  anything'. 

Enrage*  [FJ.     Made  furious. 

Esurient.     Hungry. 

Exacting.     Unreasonably  severe  in  making  demands. 

Extortionate.     Oppressive;  hard. 

Fain.     Glad;  willing. 

Famished.     Overcome  with  hunger. 

Fervent.     Hot;  zealous. 

Grasping.     Miserly;  greedy. 

Greedy.     Gluttonous;  rapacious. 

Greedy  as  a  hog.    Very  greedy. 

Hungry.     Desirous  for  food. 

Hungry  as  a  churchmouse.1 

Hungry  as  a  hawk. 

Hungry  as  a  horse.  r  Very  hungry. 

Hungry  as  a  hunter.  J 

Impatient.     See  Excitability. 

Inclined,     See  Readiness. 

In  demand.     Desirous  of  possessing. 


DESIRE— PARTICULARNESS. 


270 


DESIRE— REPLETION. 


DESIRE — Adjectives — Continued, 
Insatiable.     Not  able  to  be  satisfied. 
Intent  on.     j  fa  he         ^  ^ 

Intent  upon.  J 
Keen.     Eager. 

Lickerish.     Eager  to  taste ;  craving. 
Mad  after.     Overcome  by  passion. 
Omnivorous.     Eating  everything  indiscriminately. 
Open-mouthed.     Gaping;  clamorous. 
Optative.     Expressing  desire. 
Overeager.     Too  eager. 
Parched  with  thirst.     Very  thirsty. 
Partial  to.     Biased  in  favor  of. 
Peckish.     Hungry. 
Pinched  with  hunger.     Very  hungry. 
Pleasing.     See  Pleasurableness. 
Quenchless.     Inextinguishable. 
Rabid.     Mad,  as  a  mad  dog. 
Rapacious.     Gluttonous;  greedy. 
Ravening.     Greedily  devouring. 
Ravenous.     Voracious. 
Ravenous  as  a  wolf.     Very  ravenous. 
Sedulous.     Constant  in  attendance  to  business. 
Set  on. 
Set  upon. 

Sharp-set.     Eager  in  appetite  or  desire  of  gratification. 
Sky-aspiring.     Extravagant  in  ambition. 
Solicitous.     Concerned;  care  for. 
Sordid.     Meanly  avaricious. 
Tantalizing.     See  Verbs. 


■  Adhering  to  closely. 


Thirsty.     In  need  of  water. 

Unquenchable.     Inextinguishable. 

Unsated.      )  XT  .        '.  c    ,  , 

tt       ..■  c  j   r  .Not  satisfied. 

Unsatisfied.) 

Unslaked.     Unquenched. 

Vaulting.     Leaping  unrestrained. 

Voracious.     Rapacious;  greedy. 

Wishful.     Having  the  desire  to  gain. 

Wistful.     Longing;  desirous. 

With  an  empty  stomach.     Grasping;  hungry. 

Desire — Adverbs. 
Fain.     Gladly. 
Wistfully.     See  Adjectives. 

Desire — Interjections. 
Esto  perpetua  [L.L     Let  it  endure  forever. 
O  fori  would  that  I  would  that  it  were  I 

Desire — Phrases. 
Aut  C&sar  aut  nullus  [L.].     Either  Caesar  or  no  one. 
Hoc  erat  in  votis  [L.].     This  was  in  my  prayers. 
J  jrutti   proibiti  sono  i  piu  dolci  [It.].      Forbidden  fruits  are  the 

sweetest. 
Sua  cuique  voluptas  [L.].     Every  man  has  his  own  pleasure. 
The  fingers  itching.     Desirous  of  grasping  or  seizing  something 
The  mouth  watering.     Eager  to  have  something. 
The  wish  being  father  to  the  thought.     Desire  too  strong  becoming 

thought. 
Ubi  melt  ibi  apes  [L.].     Where  the  honey  is,  there  are  the  bees. 


DESIRE— PARTICULARNESS. 


Particularness. 

Difficulty  in  being  pleased.     Fastidiousness. 

Epicureanism.     The  philosophy  which  teaches  that  pleasure  is  the 
supreme  good  and  the  chief  end  of  life.     [Epicurus.J 

Fastidiousness.     The  quality  of  being  hard  to  please. 

Friandise  [F.].     Daintiness;  delicacy. 

Hypercriticism.     Overnice  or  excessive  criticism. 

Nicety.     Extreme  delicacy  or  precision. 

Omnia  suspendens  naso  [L.].     Sniffing  at  everything;  daintiness. 

Particularness.     The  quality  of  giving  careful  and  minute  atten- 
tion to. 

Prudery.     An  extreme  and  often  insincere  display  of  delicacy  and 
modesty. 

Particularness — Agents. 

Epicure.     One    devoted    to    luxurious    sensual  enjoyments.    [Epi- 
curus.] 

Gourmet  [F.].     A  person  of  g"  at   delicacy  of  taste  in  matters  of 
eating  and  drinking. 

Particularness — Verbs. 

Be  fastidious.     See  Adjectives. 

Have  a  smooth  tooth.     Have  a  taste  for  delicacies. 

Look  a  gift  horse  in  the  mouth.     To  pick  flaws  or  find  fault  with  a 
gift  or  favor. 

Mince  the  matter.     To  affect  extreme  delicacy. 

See  spots  in  the  sun.     To  find  imaginary  faults. 

Turn  up  one's  nose  at.     Be  hard  to  please  by. 


Particularness — Adjectives. 


Censorious.     Given  to  censuring  or  faultfinding. 

Dainty.     Very  refined  or  particular  in  taste. 

Dtikat  [F.].     Delicate. 

Delicate.     Very  refined;  dainty. 

Difficult  to  please.     Fastidious. 

Fastidious.     Overdelicate;  very  hard  to  please. 

Finical.     Overnice  or  fastidious  in  matters  of  dress  or  manners. 

Hard  to  please.     Fastidious. 

Hypercritical.     See  Hypercriticism. 

Lickerish.     Having  a  keen  relish;  lustful. 

Nice.     Very  refined;  overparticular  in  tastes  or  habits. 

Particular.     See  Desire-Particularness. 

Pleasing.     Agreeable  to  the  tastes  or  habits. 

Queasy.     Very  particular  in  matters  of  eating;  squeamish. 

Querulous.     Given  to  finding  fault. 

Scrupulous.     Very  particular  and  careful  in  matters  of  right  and 

wrong. 
Squeamish.     Easily  disgusted  or  shocked  in  matters  of  taste  or 

conscience. 
Squeasy.     See  Queasy.  • 

Strait-laced.     Strict  in  morals  or  manners. 
Thin-skinned.     Sensitive;  easily  offended. 

Particularness — Phrase. 
Noli  me  tangere  [L.].     Do  not  touch  me. 


DESIRE— REPLETION. 


Repletion. 


Glut.     An  excessive  supply  or  amount. 

Repletion.     Complete  or  excessive  fulness;  surfeit. 

Satiety.     The  condition  of  being  filled  or  gratified  beyond  desire. 

Satisfaction.     Gratification  of  desire  within  the  limits  of  propriety. 

Saturation.     To  make  so  full  by  absorption  that  it  will  hold  no  more. 

Surfeit.     Excess  in  eating  or  drinking. 

Weariness.     The  condition  produced  by  continued  exertion. 

Repletion — Associated  Nouns. 
Crambe  repetita  [L.].     Cabbage  warmed  up  and  served  again. 
Enfant  gatt  [F.].     A  spoiled  child. 

Spoiled  child.     A  child  permitted  to  gratify  its  every  wish. 
Too  much  of  a  good  thing.     Something  desirable,  made  undesirable 

by  overabundance. 
Toujour  perdrix  [F.].     Partridge  again;  too  much  of  a  good  thing. 

Repletion — Verbs. 
Be  satiated.     See  Satiety. 

Bore.     To  make  weary  by  persistently  annoying,  or  by  continued 
dulness. 


Cloy.     To  satisfy  until  desire  turns  to  loathing. 

Glut.     To  fill  to  excess. 

Gorge.     To  fill  the  throat  or  stomach  to  excess. 

Have  enough  of.  ^ 

Have  one's  fill  of.  >  Be  satisfied. 

Have  quite  enough  of.  ) 

Have  too  much  of.    Be  sated. 

Pall.     To  dull  by  satiety ;  to  cloy. 

Quench.     To  allay  or  cause  to  cease;  as  desire  or  passion. 

Sate.     To  satisfy  the  appetite  to  excess. 

Satiate.     To  gratify  beyond  natural  desire.  # 

Satisfy.     To  gratify  desire  or  appetite,  but  not  to  excess. 

Saturate.     To  fill  to  the  full;   usually  said  of  a  liquid  taken  up  by 

absorption. 
Slake.     To  quench. 
Spoil.     To  impair  by  overindulgence. 
Surfeit.     See  Surfeit. 
Tire.     To  cause  weariness;  also,  to  bore. 


DESIRE— REPLETION. 


271 


DETACH. 


DESIRE— REPLETION— Continued. 


Repletion — A  djeclives. 


Blast  [F.).     Surfeited;  not  capable  of  further  enjoyment. 
Heartsick.     Extremely  depressed  in  spirits;  very  despondent. 
Overgorged.     See  Gorge. 
Satiated.     See  Verbs. 


de-sired'.     Longed  for.     Desire-Distaste. 

de-sir'-ing.     Longing  for.     Desire-Distaste. 

de-sir'-ous.     Having  a  desire.     Desire-Distaste. 

de-sist'.  To  cease  from  acting.  Action-Passiveness, 
Discontinuance-Continuance,  Quest-Abandon- 
ment. 

de-sist'-ance.  A  ceasing  to  act.  Discontinuance- 
Continuance. 

desk.  A  kind  of  table.  Contents-Receiver,  Fane, 
School,  Suspension-Support. 

discbligeant  [F.]  (de-zo-bli-zhcuv').  Disobliging;  a 
vehicle  for  one  person  only.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

de'sawvre'    [F.]    (de-zu-vre').     An  idler.     Action-Pas- 

S)VENi5SS. 

des'-o-late.  Deprived  of  inhabitants.  Creation-De- 
struction,* Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Soci- 
ability-Privacy, Solitude-Company. 

des'-o-la"-ting.  Filling  with  sadness.  Pleasurable- 
ness-Pain  fulness. 

des"-o-la'-tion.  The  state  of  being  desolate.  Crea- 
tion-Destruction, Pleasure-Pain,  Sociability- 
Privacy. 

(Usott  [F.]  (de-zo-le').  Disconsolate.  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection. 

desoriente  [F.]  (d6-zo-ri-cnv-te') .  Confused.  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt. 

de-spair'.  To  give  up  all  hope.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Pleasure-Pain,  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness. 

de-spair'-ing.     Giving   up    all   hope.     Sanguineness- 

HOPELESSNESS. 

des-patch'.  The  act  of  despatching.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Admission-Expulsion,  Completion-Non- 
completion,  Conduct,  Hurry-Leisure,  Life-Kill- 
ing, Missive-Publication,  Nutriment-Excretion, 
Order,  Tidings-Mystery;  happy  despatch,  Recom- 
pense-Punition. 

des"-per-a'-do.  A  reckless  ruffian.  Benefactor- 
Evildoer,  Brawler,  Recklessness-Caution. 

des'-pe-rate.  Having  no  care  for  danger  or  safety. 
Difficulty-Facility,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Pos- 
sibility -  Impossibility,  Recklessness-Caution, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

des'-per-ate-ly.     Recklessly.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

des"-per-a'-tion.  A  state  of  despair.  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation,    Excitability-Inexcitability, 

■  Favorite-Anger,  Recklessness-Caution,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness, Turbulence-Calmness. 

des'-pi-ca-ble .  Worthy  of  being  despised.  Regard- 
Scorn,  Reputation-Discredit. 

de-spi'-cien-cy.  Contempt.  Regard- Disrespect, 
Regard-Scorn. 

de-spi'-sal.     Contempt.     Regard-Scorn. 

de-spise'.  Hold  in  contempt.  Regard-Scorn;  de- 
spise danger,  Bravery-Cowardice. 

de-spised'.     Held  in  scorn.     Regard-Scorn. 

de-spi'-sed-ness.  The  state  of  being  despised.  Re- 
gard-Scorn. 

de-spite'.  Malice.  Charitableness-Malevolence; 
in  despite,  Antagonism-Concurrence. 

de-spite'-ful.    Full  of  spite.     Godliness-Ungodliness. 

de-spoil'.  To  pillage.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Taking-Restitution,  Theft. 

des-pond'.  To  lose  courage.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 


Sick  of.     Cloyed. 
Used  up.     Worn  out. 

Repletion — Interjections. 
Eheu  I  jam  satis/  [L.]     Alas  I  now  it  is  enough  I 
Enough 1 
Holdl 

des-pond'-en-cy.  The  loss  of  hope  and  courage.   Light. 

HEARTEDNESS  -  DEJECTION,        SaNGUINENESS  -  HOPE- 
LESSNESS, Sanguineness-Timidity. 

des-pond'-ing.  Giving  up  hope .  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection.  | 

des'-pot.  A  tyrant.  Chief-TJnderling,  Harshness- 
Mildness,  Tyranny-Anarchy. 

des-pot'-ic.         Of    a    despot.  Law-Lawlessness, 

Tyranny-Anarchy. 

des-pot'-ic-al.     Despotic.     Law-Lawlessness. 

des-pot'-ic-al-ly.     Tyrannically.     Tyranny-Anarchy. 

des'-pot-ism.  The  spirit  of  a  despot.  Harshness- 
Mildness,  Law -Lawlessness,  Rule -License, 
Tyranny-Anarchy. 

des'-pu-mate.     To  froth.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

des"-qua-ma'-tion.     Peeling  off.     Dress-Undress. 

des-sert'.  The  last  course  at  dinner.  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

dessous  des  cartes  [F.]  (de-su'  de  cart).  The  under 
side  of  the  cards.  The  unknown  element.  C/.  use- 
Effect,  Manifestation-Latency,  Tidings-Mys- 
tery. 

desscus  des  cartes,  connaiire  les  [F.]  (de-su'  de  cart, 
co-n6tr'  le).  To  know  the  under  side  of  the  cards. 
Knowledge-Ignorance. 

dessous  dessus,  sens  [F.]  (de-su'  de-su',  sans).  Upside 
down.     Reversal. 

des'-ti-nate.     Determined.     Purpose-Luck. 

des"-ti-na'-tion.  A  place  fixed  for  the  end  of  a  journey. 
Arrival-Departure,  Beginning-End,  Purpose- 
Luck,  Volition-Obligation. 

des'-tine.  To  settle  anything  in  advance.  Purpose- 
Luck,  Volition-Obligation. 

des'-tined.  Predetermined.  Occurrence-Destiny, 
Volition-Obligation. 

des'-ti-ny.  A  predetermined  lot.  Occurrence-Des- 
tiny, Volition-Obligat'in;  fight  against  destiny, 
Bigotry-Apostasy. 

des'-ti-tute.  Being  in  want.  Affluence-Penury, 
Excess-Lack,  Need;  refuge  for  destitute,  Refuge- 
Pitfall. 

des"-ti-tu'-tion.  The  state  of  being  destitute.  Afflu- 
ence-Penury. 

des'-tri-er.     A  war-horse.     Belligerent. 

des-troy'.  To  ruin.  Action-Passiveness,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Commission- Abrogation, 
Creation-Destruction,  Entity-Nonentity,  Good- 
ness-Badness; destroy  hopes,  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness. 

des-troyed'.  Ruined.  Creation-Destruction,  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 

des-troy'-er.  One  who  destroys.  Benefactor-Evil- 
doer, Maker-Destroyer. 

de-struc'-tion.  Ruin.  Creation-Destruction,  Revo- 
lution. ' 

de-struc'-tive.  Ruinous.  Creation-Destruction, 
Goodness-Badness. 

des'-ue-tuds.  A  cessation  of  use.  Habit-Desuetude, 
Quest-Abandonment,  Use-Disuse. 

des'-ul-to-ry.  Suddenly  passing  from  one  thing  to 
another.  Agitation,  Aim-Aberration,  Continu- 
ity-Interruption, Mutability-Stability,    Perio- 

DICITY-lRREGULARrTY,     UnIFORMITY-MuLTIFORMITY. 

de-sume'.     To  borrow.     Loan-Borrowing. 
de-tach'.     To   sever.     Cohesion-Looseness,   Union- 
Disunion. 


DETACHED. 


272 


DETERMINATION- VACILLATION. 


de-tached'.  Severed.  Cohesion-Looseness,  Connec- 
tion-Independence. 

de-tach'-ment.  The  act  of  detaching.  Belligerent, 
Union-Disunion,  Whole-Part. 

de-tail'.  A  single  part.  Account,  Assignment,  Em- 
bellishment-Disfigurement, Universality-Par- 
ticularity; attention  to  detail,  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Heed -Disregard;  in  detail,  Whole - 
Part. 

de-tailed'  ac-count'.  An  account  giving  particulars. 
Account. 

de-tails'.  Minute  particulars.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Magnitude-Smallness. 

de-tain'.     To  keep  back.     Keeping-Relinquishment. 

de-tect'.     To  discover.     Discovery. 

de-tec'-tion.     Discovery.     Discovery. 

de-tect'-ive .  Skilled  in  detection.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 


de-ten'-tion.  The  act  of  detaining.  Keeping-R-- 
linquishment  ;  house  of  detention,  Release-Prison;  ; 
in  house  of  detention,  Justification-Charge. 

dHcnu  [F.]  (de-te-nti').  One  detained;  a  prisoner 
Guard-Prisoner. 

de-ter'.  To  prevent.  Motive-Dehortation,  Can- 
guineness-Timidity. 

de-terge'.    To  cleanse.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

de-ter'-gent.  Purging.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Rem- 
edy-Bane. 

de-te'-ri-o-ra"-ted.  Made  worse.  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Goodness-Badness. 

de-te"-ri-o-ra'-tion.  The  act  of  growing  worse.  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration, Renovation-Relapse. 

de-ter'-min-ate.  Definitely  settled.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Purpose-Luck, 
Universality- Particularity. 

de-ter"-min-a'-tion.  The  act  of  determining.  Deter- 
mination-Vacillation. 


DETERMINATION— VACILLATION . 


Aplomb.     Assurance  resulting  from  self-confidence. 

Decision.  The  quality  of  being  positive  and  firm  in  judgment  or 
action. 

Desperation.  The  being  defiant  of  consequences,  as  being  without 
hope. 

Determination.  The  quality  of  being  firm  and  decided;  uninfluenced 
by  the  opinions  of  others. 

Devotedness.     Strong  attachment. 

Devotion.     Ardent  affection  or  zeal. 

Energy.     Force  of  character  and  readiness  for  action. 

Firmness.     The  quality  of  not  being  easily  moved. 

Gameness.     Endurance,  as  of  a  game-cock. 

Iron  will.     A  strong  unyielding  will. 

Manliness.  The  quality  of  possessing  those  things  which  are  charac- 
teristic of  the  true  man;   as  firmness,  resolution,  etc. 

Mastery  over  self.     Self-control. 

Moral  courage.  Determination  to  do  one's  duty  in  the  face  of  oppo- 
sition. 

Moral  strength.     See  Moral  Courage. 

Obstinacy.     Headstrong  determination. 

Perseverance.  Persistence  in  following  out  a  determination  or 
resolution. 

Pluck.     Courage  and  perseverance  in  dangers  and  difficulties. 

Resoluteness.     See  Resolution. 

Resolution.  The  quality  of  being  firm  and  determined  in  the 
carrying  out  of  some  purpose  or  course  of  conduct. 

Self-command.  The  state  of  having  all  the  powers  and  faculties  at 
command. 

«  if    ono   es*.  )  The  act  or  habit  of  having  one's  faculties,  especially 

„  .,         /*   ,     *  >     the  inclinations  and  emotions,  under  control  of 
Self-control.      f      .,         ... 
)      the  will 

Self-denial.  Forbearance  or  refusal  to  gratify  one's  own  feelings  or 
inclinations. 

Self-government.     The  act  of  governing  oneself. 

Self-possession.     The  full  control  of  one's  powers  or  faculties. 

Self-reliance.  Dependence  on  one's  own  abilities,  resources,  or 
judgment. 

Self-restraint.  Restraint,  as  of  the  passions,  by  the  force  of  one's 
own  will. 

Strength  of  mind, \  Capability  of   acting  or  operating  with  effect; 

Strength  of  will.      i       moral  force. 

Tenacity.  The  quality  of  clinging  to  an  opinion  or  purpose  per- 
sistently; extreme  and  even  foolish  resoluteness. 

Unconquerable  will.  Moral  force,  or  strength  that  cannot  be  over- 
come. 

Vigor.     See  Energy 

Will.     Strong  determination;  energy  of  character. 

Will  of  one's  own.    Self-reliance;  independence. 

Will-power.     Strength  of  will  as  shown  in  the  face  of  opposition. 

Zeal.     Ardent  and  continued  devotion. 

Determination — Figurative  Nouns. 

British  lion.     The  national  emblem  of  Great  Britain;   hence,  Great 

Britain. 
Bull-dog.     A  large  breed  of  dogs  noted  for  courage  and  tenacity; 

hence,  a  stubborn  or  tenacious  person. 
Wew  Year's  Day.     The  day  of  making  good  resolutions. 


Alternative.  The  condition  or  necessity  of  choosing  between  two 
things. 

Caprice.  A  natural  disposition  to  make  sudden  changes  of  mocd  or 
purpose  without  adequate  motive,  like  a  goat. 

Changeableness.  The  condition  of  being  of  a  wavering  and  incon- 
stant disposition. 

Cowardice.     Want  of  courage. 

Demur.     Hesitation ;  lack  of  readiness  to  decide  or  act. 

Fickleness.     The  quality  of  being  inconstant  in  judgment  or  action. 

Fluctuation.     The  condition  of  changing  irregularly,  like  the  waves. 

Hesitancy.     See  Hesitation. 

Hesitating.     See  Verbs. 

Hesitation.  The  quality  of  acting  with  timidity  and  lack  of  prompt- 
ness. 

Indecision,     Lack  of  settled  purpose. 

Inde termination.  Lack  of  ability  to  consider  all  things  and  come  to 
a  conclusion. 

Infirmity  of  purpose.     Want  of  settled  purpose  or  intention. 

Irresolution.  Lack  of  constancy  in  carrying  out  a  purpose  or  course 
of  action. 

L&gerete'  [F.].     Lightness;  levity. 

Pliancy.     The  quality  of  being  easily  moved  or  influenced. 

Suspense.     The  state  of  being  hung  up;  uncertainty;  indecision. 

Timidity.     Want  of  courage  or  boldness. 

Uncertainty.     Indecision. 

Undetermination.     See  Indetermination. 

Unsettlement.     The  state  of  being  unsettled  or  undecided. 

Vacillation.  The  quality  of  changing  from  one  opinion  or  mood  to 
another;  changeableness. 

Weakness.  The  condition  of  lacking  strength  and  decision  of  char- 
acter. 

Va  c  i  llat  ion — Denotations . 

Ass  between  two  bundles  of  hay.     An  ass  unable  to  decide  from 

which  bundle  of  hay  to  eat;  hence,  an  undecided  and  vacillating 

person.     Buridan's  ass,  the  typical  doubter. 
Butterfly.     An  insect  that  flits  from  flower  to  flower;  hence,  a  person 

of  unsettled  notions. 
Half-measure.     A  weak  or  indefinite  step  of  policy. 
Shuttlecock,     A  cork  stuck  with  feathers,  struck  back  and  forth  in 

play. 
Waverer.     A  person  who  is  unsettled  in  opinion. 

Vacillation — Verbs. 

Alternate.     To  change  back  and  forth,  as  between  two  opinions. 

Balance.     To  weigh  in  the  mind;  be  undecided. 

Be  afraid.     Fear. 

Be  irresolute.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  thrown  off  one's  balance.     To  be  made  uncertain. 

Blink.     To  shut  one's  eyes  to;  to  dodge. 

Blow  hot  and  cold.     To  vacillate;  to  be  inconstant  or  inconsistent. 

Boggle.     To  hesitate;  to  shrink  back. 

Change.     To  alternate  in  judgment  or  action. 

Chasser -balancer  [F.fl.     To  hesitate;  to  be  uncertain. 

Compromise.     To  yield  in  part. 

Coquet  with.     To  trifle  witn;  to  flirt  with. 

Dally  with.     To  deiay. 

Dawdle.     To  act  in  an  undecided  and  uncertain  manner. 

Debate.     To  consider;  to  turn  over  in  the  mind  before  deciding. 


DETERMINATION. 


273 


DETERMINATION— VACILLATION. 


determination- 


Determination — Verbs. 

Be  resolved,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Bring  to  a  crisis.     To  bring  to  a  point  where  a  decision  must  be  made. 

Buckle  to.     To  apply  oneself  resolutely. 

Come  to  a  determination.   , 

Come  to  a  resolution.  >  Decide. 

Come  to  a  resolve.  ) 

Conclude.     To  come  to  a  decision;  to  determine. 

Decide.     To  settle  in  one's  mind;   to  resolve. 

Determine.     To  have  a  fixed  intention  to  do. 

Determine  once  for  all.    Determine  finally. 

Devote  oneself  to.     Persist. 

Drive  matters  to  an  extremity.    Go  all  lengths. 

Fix.     To  decide  definitely;  to  settle;  to  fasten  down. 

Form  a  determination.^ 

Form  a  resolution.         .-Resolve. 

Form  a  resolve.  ) 

Give  oneself  up  to.     To  devote  oneself  to. 

Go  all  lengths.     To  make  every  effort  possible. 

Go  in  for.     To  enter  into  with  energy  and  determination. 

Go  the  whole  hog.  }  To  go  to  extremes 

Go  through  fire  and  water. ) 

Have  determination.     See  Nouns. 

Insist  upon.     To  hold  to  or  maintain  firmly. 

Kick  down  the  ladder.     To  resolutely  determine  to  go  through  with 

a  thing,  casting  aside  all  means  of  retreat. 
Know  one's  own  mind.     To  have  decision  of  character. 
Lay  one's  shoulder  to  the  wheel.     To  set  oneself  to  anything  with  a 

purpose,  instead  of  calling  on  Hercules  to  help. 
Make  a  dash  at.     To  go  at  a  thing  with  great  vigor. 
Make  a  point  of.     To  carefully  carry  out  some  course  of  action  or 

conduct. 
Make  short  work  of.     To  accomplish  a  thing  resolutely  and  quickly. 
Make  up  one's  mind.     To  decide. 
Nail  one's  colors  to  the  mast.     Decide  finally. 
Hot  listen  to  the  voice  of  the  charmer.     Be  unyielding. 
Not  stick  at  trifles.     Be  unscrupulous. 
Persist.     To  cling  to  tenaciously. 

Plunge  in  medias  res  [L.].     To  plunge  into  the  very  midst  of. 
Put  one's  foot  down.     To  determine  finally;  settle  for  good. 
Put  one's  heart  into.     To'  be  earnest  about. 
Put  one's  shoulder  to  the  wheel.     See  Lay  one's  shoulder  to  the 

WHBBL. 

Resolve.  To  settle  in  the  mind.  To  determine  is  more  truly  an  act 
of  the  judgment;   to  resolve  is  an  act  of  the  will. 

Ride  the  whirlwind  and  direct  the  storm.  [Addison,  The  Cam- 
paign, 291.3 

Run  the  gantlet.     To  go  through  difficulties. 

Rush  in  medias  res  [L.J.     See  Plunge  in  medias  res. 

Seal.     To  determine  or  settle  beyond  question. 

Set  one's  back  against  the  wall.  To  resolutely  determine  to  fight  a 
thing  out. 

Set  one's  heart  upon.     To  determine  to  accomplish  or  gain. 

Set  one's  mind  upon.     See  Set  one's  heart  upon. 

Set  ore's  shoulder  to  the  wheel.  See  Lay  one's  shoulder  to  the 
wheel. 

Set  one's  teeth.     To  be  firmly  resolved. 

Stand  firm.     Be  unyielding. 

Stand  no  nonsense.     To  be  in  great  earnest. 

Steel  oneself.     To  harden  oneself  against  difficulties  and  misfortunes. 

Stick  at  nothing.     Be  unscrupulous. 

Take  a  decisive  step.     Put  an  end  to  uncertainty. 

Take  one's  stand.     Make  up  one's  mind. 

Take  the  bull  by  the  horns.  To  meet  dangers  or  difficulties  reso- 
lutely and  boldly. 

Take  upon  oneself.     To  resolve  to  carry  through. 

Throw  away  the  scabbard.     To  make  up  one's  mind  to  act. 

Will.     To  be  determined  to  do. 

Determination — Adjectives. 

Bentupor.     Determined. 
Decided.     Unwavering. 

Definitive.     Bringing  to  an  end;  conclusive. 
Determined,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Earnest.     Serious  in  purpose. 
Firm.     Settled;   unshaken. 
Game  to  the  backbone.    Thoroughly  resolved. 
Indomitable.    .Unyielding. 

Inexorable.     Not  to  be  moved  by  entreaty  or  prayer. 
Inflexible.     Not  to  be  turned  from  a  purpose;  firm. 
Intent  upon.     Having  the  mind  set  upon. 
In  utrumque  paratus  (L.|.     Prepared  for  either  alternative. 
18 


VACILLATION— Continued. 

VACILLATION- 


-Verbs — Continued. 


Demur.     See  Demur. 

Dilly-dally.     To  trifle  with;  to  dally  with. 

Falter.     To  act  with  hesitancy  and  irresolution. 

Fluctuate.     To  change  irregularly. 

Go  half  way.     Compromise. 

Gybe.     To  swing  about,  especially  a  sail  on  a  mast. 

Hang  in  suspense.     To  be  undetermined. 

Hang  upon.     To  be  undecided  or  in  suspense. 

Hesitate.     See  Hesitation. 

Hover.     To  hesitate  on  the  verge  of  action  or  decision. 

Hum  and  haw.     To  be  confused  and  undecided  what  to  do. 

Keep  in  suspense.     Delay  decision. 

Keep  off  and  on.     To  change  back  and  forth;  to  vacillate. 

Leave  ad  referendum  [L.|.     To  leave  to  be  further  considered. 

Let  "I  dare  not"  wait  upon  "I  would."   [Shakespeare,  Macbeth,  I.vii.) 

Make  a  compromise.     See  Compromise. 

Not  know  one's  own  mind.     Not  be  clear  of  purpose ;  not  know  one* 

self. 
Pause.     To  hesitate. 
Play  fast  and  loose.    Vacillate. 

Remain  neuter.     To  take  neither  side;  to  be  undecided. 
Retreat.     To  withdraw;  fall  or  shrink  back. 
Shuffle.     To  shift  this  way  and  that ;  to  waver. 
Stagger  like  a  drunken  man.     Sway  back  and  forth. 
Think  twice  about.      Waver. 

Trim.     To  avoid  difficulty  by  time-serving  methods. 
Vacillate.     See  Vacillation. 
Waver.     To  be  irresolute;  to  hesitate. 
Will  and  will  not.     To  hesitate. 

Vacillation — Adjectives. 

At  a  loss.    Doubtful. 

Capricious.     See  Nouns. 

Cowardly.     Of  a  timid,  faint-hearted  disposition. 

Double-minded.     Unsettled;  unstable. 

Easy-going.     Taking  things  without  concern. 

Facile.     Easily  moved  or  influenced. 

Fast  and  loose.     Inconstant;  uncertain. 

Feeble-minded.     Of  weak  will;  lacking  decision. 

Fickle.     See  Fickleness. 

Fidgety.     Changing  about  in  a  nervous  fashion. 

Frail.     Easily  influenced  or  led  astray. 

Frothy.     Unsubstantial;  trivial. 

Giddy.     Inconstant  to  foolishness;  having  the  head  swim. 

Half-hearted.     Timid;  hesitating. 

Hesitating.     See  Hesitation. 

Infirm  of  purpose.     See  Infirmity  of  purpose. 

Irresolute.     Not  fixed  or  constant  in  carrying  out  a  purpose. 

Light.     Not  serious  or  resolute. 

Light-minded.     Lacking  seriousness  or  strength  of  mind. 

Lightsome.     Of  a  cheerful  disposition. 

Off  one's  balance.      Uncertain. 

Reversible.     Capable  of  being  changed. 

Revocable.     Capable  of  being  repealed  or  reversed. 

Shilly-shally.     Of  a  vacillating,  trifling  nature. 

Timid.     See  Timidity. 

Tremulous.     Of  a  timid  and  irresolute  nature ;  trembling. 

Unable  to  say  no.      Like  an  assentator  or  Jaherr;  easily  persuaded. 

Undecided.         ~| 

Undetermined.   >  Not  having  the  mind  made  up. 

Unresolved.       J 

Unsteadfast.     Not  to  be  depended  upon. 

Unsteady.     Inconstant. 

Vacillating.     See  Verbs. 

Volatile.     Easily  affected;  changeable. 

Weak.     Lacking  firmness  and  energy  of  character. 

Without  ballast.     Unsteady,  like  an  unballasted  ship. 

Vacillation — Adverbs. 

From  pillar  to  post.     From  one  thing  to  another. 

In  flattering  accents.     Persuasively. 

Irresolutely.     In  an  inconstant  manner. 

Irresolvedly.     In  an  unsettled  and  undecided  manner. 

Off  and  on.     At  one  time  or  another. 

Seesaw.     In  a  vacillating  or  alternating  manner;  teetering. 

Vacillation — Phrase. 

How  happy  could  I  be  with  either,  were  t'other  dear  charmer  away. 

[John  Gay,  What  d'Ye  Call  It.  II.  U.l 


DETERMINATION. 


274 


DEVIATION. 


Whatever  happens. 


DETERMINATION— Adjectives— Continued. 
Iron.     Unyielding;  not  to  be  bent. 
Hot  to  be  put  down.  1  T  . , 

Hot  to  be  shaken.      j  Immovable. 
Obstinate.     Stubborn:  firm  to  the  extreme. 
Peremptory.     Very  positive  in  opinion  or  judgment;  dogmatic. 
Proof  against.     Capable  of  resisting  successfully. 
Relentless.     Unmoved  by  pity. 

Resolute.     Having  a  fixed  purpose  and  constant  in  carrying  it  out. 
Resolved,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Self-possessed.    Full  of  self-control. 
Serious.     Earnest. 
Set  upon.     Bent  upon. 
Steady.     Constant;  unwavering. 
Steeled  against.    Immov..ble. 
Strong-minded.     Inflexible. 
Strong-willed.     Resolute. 
Tenax  propositi  [L  ].     Tenacious  of  purpose. 
Trenchant.     Effective. 
Unflinching.     Resolute. 

Unhesitating.     With  readiness  of  judgment  or  action. 
Unshrinking.     Resolute. 

Determination — Adverbs. 
At«ll  events. 
At  all  hazards. 
At  all  rsks. 
At  any  cost. 
At  any  hazard. 
At  any  price. 
At  any  rate. 
At  any  risk. 
At  any  sacrifice. 

de-ter'-mine.  To  decide.  Aim-Aberration,  Begin- 
ning-End, Cause-Effect,  Certainty-Doubt,  De- 
cision -  MlSJUDGMENT,  DETERMINATION  -VACILLA- 
TION, Discovery,  Investigation-Answer,  Univer- 
sality-Particularity, Volition-Obligation. 

de-ter'-mined.  Resolute.  Bravery-Cowardice,  De- 
termination-Vacillation. 

de"-ter-ra'-tion.  Unearthing.  Exposure-Hidingplace. 

de-ter'-sion     The  act  of  cleaning.    Cleanness-Filthi- 

NESS. 

de-ter'-sive.    Having  power  to  cleanse.    Remedy-Bane. 

de-test'.    To  abhor.    Desire-Distaste,  Love-Hate. 

de-test'-a-ble.     Abominable.     Goodness-Badness. 

det"-es-ta'-tion.  Abhorrence.  Desire-Distaste,  Po- 
liteness-Impoliteness. 

de-throne'.  To  drive  from  a  throne.  Commission- 
Abrogation,  Rule-License. 

de-throne'-ment.  Removal  from  regal  power.  Com- 
mission-Abrogation, Rule-License. 

det'-o-nate.    To  explode.    Turbulence-Calmness. 

det"-o-na'-tion.  An  explosion.  Crash-Drumming, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

det'-o-nize.    To  detonate.    Turbulence-Calmness. 

de-tort'.  To  pervert.  Interpretation-Misinterpre- 
tation. 

de-tor'-tion.    A  warping.    Proportion-Deformity. 

de"-tour'.  A  roundabout  way.  Aim-Aberration, 
Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Midcourse-Circuit. 

de-tract'.  To  take  away.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Adulation-Disparagement. 

de-tract'-ing.    Defaming.  Adulation-Disparagement. 

de-trac'-tion.  Slander.  Adulation-Disparagement, 
Approval-Disapproval, 

de-tract'-or.  A  defamer.  Adulation-Disparagement, 
Flatterer-Defamer. 

de-tract'-o-ry.  Defamatory.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment. 

det'-ri-ment.  An  injury.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Good-Evil. 

det"-ri-men'-tal.     Hurtful.     Goodness-Badness. 

de-tri'-tion.     A  wearing  down.     Friability. 

de-tri'-tus.  Fragments  of  rock.  Friability,  Whole- 
Part. 

da-dude'.  To  thrust  out.  Admission-Expulsion, 
Elevation-Depression. 


A  tort  ei  a  trovers  [F.].     Blindly;  at  random. 

Cost  what  it  may.    At  any  price. 

Coute  que  conic  [F.].     Let  it  cost  what  it  may. 

Earnestly.     See  Adjectives. 

Heart  and  soul.     Thoroughly. 

In  earnest.  1  0    .       , 

In  good  earnest./  Se"°us'y- 

Joking  apart.     No  nonsense. 

Like  a  man.    Manfully. 

Manfully.     Same  as  above. 

Heck  or  nothing.     At  all  risks. 

Once  for  all.     Finally. 

On  one's  mettle.     Aroused  to  one's  utmost  effort  or  endurance. 

Resolutely.     See  Adjectives. 

Seriously.     See  Ad^ctives. 

With  a  high  hary.     With  defiance  of  right,  authority,  or  opposition. 

With  a  strong  hand.     In  a  firm  unyielding  manner. 

Determination — Phrases. 

A  bis  ou  a  blanc  [F  X     In  one  way  or  another;   "by  hook  or  crook." 
Celui  qui  veut,  ceiui-la  peut  [F.J.     Who  has  the  will,  has  the  skill. 
Chi  non  s'arrischia  non  guadagna  [It.].     Nothing  ventured,  nothing 

have. 
Fortis  cadere,  cedere  non  potest  [L.  J.     The  brave  man  may  fall,  yield 

he  cannot. 
Frangas,  non  flectes  [L.J.     You  may  break,  you  shall  not  bend. 
J'y  suis,  et  j'y  resie  [F.].     Here  I  am,  and  here  I  stay. 
Manu  forti  LL. ].     With  the  strong  hand. 
Spes  sibi  quisque  [L.\.     Each  man  must  rely  on  himself. 
Tentanda  via  est  LL.j.     A  way  must  be  attempted. 


de-trun'-cate.    To  cut  off.    Addition-Subtraction. 

det"-run-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  cutting  off.  Addition- 
Subtraction. 

deuce.  Two;  the  devil.  Angel-Satan,  Duality;  the 
deuce  is  in  hir_i,  Persistence-Whim;  play  the  deuce, 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Excitability-Inex- 
citaeility. 

deu'-cod.    Devilish.    Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

deu'-ced-ly.    Exceedingly.    Magnitude-Smallness. 

deus  ex  machir.a  [L.]  (di'-us  ex  me'-ki'-na).  A  god 
from  the  machine;  a  mechanical  device  in  a  writer's 
plot.  ANTAGo;nsT-AssisTANT,  Devotion-Magician, 
Divinity,  Obstruction-Help. 

dens  nobis  ',icc  otic,  fecit  [L.]  (di'-us  no'-bis  hec  o'-shi-a 
fi-sit).  God  has  given  us  this  ease.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

deus  vir.dex,  cernit  omnia  [L.]  (di'-us  vin'-dex,  ser'-nit 
om'-ni-a).  God,  the  avenger,  sees  all  things.  Di- 
vinity, Prevision. 

deus  vult  [L.]  (di'-us  vult).  God  wills  (it).  Volition- 
Obligation. 

deu"-te-rog'-a-my.  A  second  marriage.  Matrimony- 
Celibacy. 

dev'-as-tate.    To  lay  waste.    Creation-Destruction. 

dev"-as-ta'-tion.  The  act  of  devastating.  Attack- 
Defense,  Creation-Destruction. 

de-vel'-op.  To  unfold.  Creation-Destruction,  En- 
largement-Diminution,   Revolution-Evolution. 

de-vel'-op-ment.  An  unfolding.  Cause-Effect,  Crea- 
tion-Destruction, Enlargement-Diminution,  In- 
crease-Decrease, Revolution-Evolution. 

de-vex'.  Ben, iing  down.  Curvation-Rectilin£arity, 
Parallelism-Inclination. 

de-vex'-i-ty.  A  sloping.  Curvation-Rectilinearity, 
Parallelism-Inclination. 

de'-vi-ate.      To  wander.     Aim-Aberration,   Concen 
tration-Radiation,      Curvation-Rectilinearity, 
Deviation,   Mutation-Permanence;   deviate  from 
rectitude,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

de'-vi-n"-ting.     Turning  aside.     Aim-Aberratio:; 

de"-vi-a'-tion.  The  act  of  deviating.  Aim-Aber- 
ration, Concentration-Radiation,  Curvation- 
Rectilinearity,  Deviation,  Mutation-Perma- 
nence. 


DEVIATION. 


275 


DEVOTION— 1DULATRY. 


DEVIATION. 

Aberration.     Variation  from  truth  or  right. 

Alteration,  etc.     See  Mutation. 

Deviation,  etc.     See  Aim-Abbrration. 

Divergency,  etc.     See  Concentration-Radiation. 

Innovation.     Variation  from  what  is  old  or  established. 

Modification.      Slight  alteration. 

Moods  and  tenses.  Variations  in  the  form  of  a  verb  to  denote  differ- 
ence in  time  or  manner  of  action,  or  being. 

Variation.  Difference  in  the  form,  position  or  state  of  a  thing  at 
d:fferent  times. 

i  Deviation — Verbs. . 

Deviate,  etc.     See  Aim-Aberration. 

Diverge,  etc.     See  Concentration-Radiation. 

Vary,  etc.     See  Mutation. 

Deviation — Adjectives. 

Diversified,  etc.     See  Uniformity-Diversity. 

Modified.     Slightly  altered  or  varied. 

Varied,  etc.     Made  different  in  form,  position,  or  state.     See  Verbs. 

de-vice'.  A  contrivance.  Craft-Artlessness,  De- 
sign-Sign. 

dev'-il.  The  evil  one.  Angel-Satan,  Benefactor- 
Evildoer,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Jove-Fiend,  Pun- 
gency; devil  in  one,  Favorite-Quarrelsomeness, 
Recklessness-Caution;  devil  may  care,  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness, Recklessness-Caution,  Un- 
concern; devil  take,  Charitableness-Curse;  devil 
take  the  hindmost,  Bravery-Cowardice,  Hurry- 
Leisure,  Quest-Evasion;  devil  to  pay,  Good-Evil, 
Recompense-Penalty,  Regularity-Irregularity, 
Success-Failure,  Turbulence-Calmness;  devil's 
tattoo,  Crash-Drumming;  fight  like  devils,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation; give  the  devil  his  due,  Justifica- 
tion-Charge, Right-Wrong,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty; have  a  devil,  Saneness-Lunacy;  machi- 
nations of  the  devil,  Good-Evil;  play  the  devil  with, 
Betterment-  Deterioration,  Charitableness- 
Malevolence  ;  printer's  devil,  Writing-Printing. 

dev'-il-ish.  With  the  qualities  of  the  devil.  Angel- 
Satan,  Charitableness-Malevolence. 


dev'-il-ish-ly.     Wickedly.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

dev'-il-ism.     The  state  of  the  devil.     Angel-Satan. 

dev'-il-ship.  The  character  of  the  devil.  Angel- 
Satan. 

de'-vi-ous.  Out  of  the  usual  track.  Aim-Aberra- 
tion, Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

de-vise'.  To  form  in  the  mind;  to  give  by  will.  De- 
sign, Fancy,  Giving-Receiving. 

de-vised'  by  the  en'-e-my.  Contrived  in  a  hostile  man- 
ner.    Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

dev"-i-see'.  The  recipient  of  a  devise.  Giving-Re- 
ceiving, Holder. 

de-void'.  Destitute.  Excess-Lack,  Holding-Ex- 
emption, Presence-Absence. 

devoir  [F.]  (de-vwar').  Duty.  Politeness-Impo 
liteness,  Regard-Disrespect. 

devoir,  faire  mon  [F.]  (de-vwar',  fer  morr).  To  do  my 
duty.     Duty-Dereliction. 

de-volve'.  To  transfer.  Alienation;  devolve  on, 
Duty-Dereliction. 

De-vo'-ni-an  pe'-ri-od.     A  geologic  period.     Geology. 

de-vote'.  To  direct  special  attention.  Reputation- 
Discredit,  Use-Disuse,  Volition-Obligation; 
devote  oneself  to,  Determination-Vacillation, 
Enterprise;  devote  the  mind  to,  Heed-Disregard; 
devote  to  destruction,  Charitableness-Curse. 

de-vo'-ted.'  With  strong  attachment.  Godliness* 
Ungodliness,  Habit-Desuetude,  Insubordina- 
tion -  Obedience,  Love-Hate,  Pleasure  -  Pain, 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

dev"-o-tee'.  One  entirely  devoted.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Desire-Distaste,  Godliness-Ungodliness, 
Patriotism-Treason. 

de-vo'-tion.  The  condition  of  being  devoted.  Activ- 
ity-Indolence, Determination-Vacillation,  De- 
votion-Idolatry, Godliness-Ungodliness,  Insub* 
ordination-Obedience,  Love-Hate,  Regard-Dis- 
respect, Unselfishness-Selfishness. 


DEVOTION— IDOLATRY. 


Adoration.  Service  of  the  heart  to  a  Supreme  Being  in  which  de- 
pendence and  obedience  are  acknowledged. 

Aspiration.  Earnest  longing  for  that  which  is  noble,  pure,  and 
spiritual. 

Ava  Maria.     Hail  Mary,  salutation  a-d  prayer  to  the  Virgin. 

Devotion.  A  yielding  of  the  heart  and  affections  to  God,  with  rever- 
ence, faith,  and  piety.* 

Genuflexion.     Reverential  bending  of  the  knee  in  worship. 

Hierolatry.     Worship  of  saints  or  sacred  things. 

Homage.      Reverence  directed  to  the  Supreme  Being. 

Humiliation.  A  humbling  or  reducing  to  lowliness  and  submission 
before  the  Almighty. 

Kneeling.     SuppHcatingly  bending  the  knee  in  worship. 

Latria.     The  highest  kind  of  worship,  or  that  paid  to  God. 

Prostration.     Falling  down  or  bowing  in  humility  or  adoration. 

Service.     Spiritual  obedience,  reverence,  and  love. 

Worship.  Service  in  the  outward  form  of  showing  reverence  to  some 
supposed  superior  being. 

DEVOTiow—Associatcd  Nouns. 

Allelujah.     A  song  of  praise. 

Anthein.     A  selection  from  the  Scriptures  set  to  sacred  music. 

Antiphon,      A  hymn  sung  in  parts  by  turns. 

Antiphony.     The  alternate  singing  of  two  choirs. 

Bead-roll.     A  list  of  those  persons  to  be  mentioned  in  prayers 

Benediction.     An  expression  of  blessing  or  prayer. 

Burnt  offering.     Something  offered  and  burnt  on  an  altar,  as  an 

atonement  for  sin. 
Chant.    A  song  arranged  for  chanting. 
Collect.     A  short  condensed  prayer. 
Discipline.     The  enforcement  of  methods  of  correction  against  one 

guilty  of  ecclesiastical  offenses. 
Divine  service.     Service  in  worship  of  God. 
Doxology.     A  hymn  expressing  praise  and  honor  to  God. 
Dulia.     An  inferior  worship  paid  to  saints. 
Dutw-     Reverence  toward  a  superior. 


BibHoIatry.     Book -worship,   extreme  reverence  for  the  Bible. 

Demonism.     Belief  in  the  existence  of  demons 

Demonolatry.     The  worship  of  demons  or  evil  spirits. 

Demon-worship.     See  Demonolatry. 

Devil-worship.     Worship  paid  to  the  devil  by  many  savage  tribes 

under  the  assumption  that  the  powers  of  evil  are  as  powerful  as 

the  powers  of  good. 
Fetichism.     The  practise  of  worshiping  any  material  object,   hying 

or  dead,  supposed  to  be  the  dwelling  of  a  spirit. 
Fire-worship.     The  worship  of  fire  practised  by  the  Parsees. 
Eeliolatry.     Sun-worship. 

Hero-worship.     Extravagant  admiration  of  great  men. 
Idolatry.     The  worship  of  idols,  images,  or  anything  that  is  not  God. 
IdoHsn.     Idolatrous  worship. 
Idoi-worship.     See  Idolatry, 
Mrrio:atry.     The  worship  of  the  Virgin  Mary. 
ZuDlatry.     The  worship  of  animals,  as  in  the  religion  of  the  ancient 

Egyptians. 

Idolatry — Denotations. 
Baal,  etc.     The  sun-god  among  the    Syro-Phenician  nations.     See 

Revelation-Pseudorevelation 
Fetich.     A  material  object  worshiped  as  the  incarnation  of  a  spirit 
Golden  calf.      \ 

Graven  image.  >  An  object  of  idolatrous  worship. 
Idol.  ) 

Juggernaut.     A  famous  idol  among  the  Hindus. 
Lares  et  penatcs  [L.J.      The  domestic  and  household  gods  of  the 

Romans. 
Sabian.     One  of  an  ancient  Persian   sect  who  worshiped  God  but 

also  other  supposed  heavenly  beings 

Idolatry — Nouns  of  Action, 
Apotheosis.     The  act  of  txalting  to  divine  ho»©rs. 
Avatar.     The  descent  of  a  Hindu  deity. 

Canonization.     The  act  of  ranking  a  deceased  person  in  the  cata- 
locue  of  saints 


DEVOTION. 


27G 


DEVOTION—I  DOLATRY. 


DE  VOTIO  N— I  DOLATRY— Continued. 


DEVOTION — Associated  Nouns — Continued. 
Evensong.     The  evening  service  or  form  of  worship. 
Giving  thanks,     A  thanksgiving  service. 
Glorification.     The  act  of  glorifying. 

Grace.     The  exercise  of  love,  kindness,  mercy,  and  favor. 
Hallelujah .     A  song  of  praise. 
Holy  breathing.     The  blessing  of  the  Holy  Ghost 
Hosanna.     An  invocation  of  blessings. 
Hymn.     A  song  of  praise  or  adoration 
Hyperdulia.     The  worship  paid  to  the  Virgin  Mary, 
incense.      Odors  exhaled  from  spices  when  burned  in  religious  rites, 
lnvocauoa.      Act  of  calling  for  the  presence  of  some  superior  being. 
Latria.     The  highest  kind  of  worship,  or  that  paid  to  God. 
Libation.     The  act  of  pouring  wine  on  a  victim  in  sacrifice,  in  honor 

of  some  deity 
Lord's  Prayer.     The  prayer  which  Jesus  taught  His  disciples. 
Mass      The  sacrifice  in  the  sacrament  of  the  eucharist. 
Matins.     Morning  prayers. 

Morning  Prayer.     The  early  morning  religious  service. 
Motet.     A  short  piece  of  sacred  music. 
Non  nobis  Domine  [L.J.     The  first  words  of  the  Lat*n  version  of  the 

i  <5th  Psalm. 
Nunc  dimittis  [L.].      The  canticle  of  Simeon  from  the  first  words  in 

the    Latin  version  [Luke  ii,  ao].     The  sweetest  canticle  is  Nunc 

dimittis  when  a  man  has  obtained  worthy  ends  [Bacon,  Essay  on 

Death], 
Oblation.     An  offering. 
Offertory.     The  Scripture  sentences  said  or  sung  during  the  collection 

of  the  offerings. 
Orison.     A  prayer. 
Paean.     A  song  of  triumph. 
Paternoster.     The  Lord's  Prayer. 
Petition.     A  prayer.     See  Petition. 

Plain  song.     A  chant  with  tones  of  equal  length  and  unvaried. 
Praise.     The  tribute  of  gratitude  rendered  to  the  Divine  Being. 
Prayer.     A  supplication  addressed  to  God 
Psalm.     A  sacred  song. 

Psalmody.     The  practise  of  singing  psalms  or  sacred  songs. 
Response.     The  answer  of  the  congregation  to  the  clergyman,  in  the 

litany  and  other  parts  of  divine  service. 
Returning  thanks.     A  service  of  thanksgiving. 
Revival.     A  renewal  of  special  interest  and  attention  to  religious 

services. 
Rogation.     The  litany. 
Sacrifice.     The  act  of  making  an  offering  to  God  as  a  tribute  of 

thanksgiving,  or  as  an  atonement  for  sin. 
-Self-denial.     Forbearance  to  gratify  one's  ov  n  feelings  or  desires. 
Self-discipline.     Punishment  or  correctiom  of  oneself  as  an  atone- 
ment for  sin. 
Self-examination.     An  inquiry  or  inspection  of  one's  own  conduct. 
Stabat  Mater.     First  words  ot  a  celebrated  hymn. 
Supplication.     Any  earnest  request  or  petition. 
Te  Dev,m  [L.].     A  hymn  of  the  early  Christian  Church. 
Thanksgiving.     A  service  of  thanks  to  God. 
Vespers.     Evening  services. 

Vigils.     Religious  devotions  on  the  eve  of  any  holy  day. 
Votive  offering.     An  offering  dedicated  by  a  vow. 

Devotion — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Celebrant.     The  officiating  priest  in  the  eucharist. 

Communicant.      One  who  partakes  of  the  sacrament  of  the  Lord's 
Supper. 

Congregation.     A  number  of  persons  met  for  divine  worship. 

Eidoloclast.     Iconoclast. 

High-priest.     Principal  priest  among  the  Jews. 

Iconoclast.     A  breaker  of  idols. 

Worshiper.     One  who  pays  divine  honors  to. 

Devotion — Nouns  of  Time 

Holy  day,  etc.     A  sacred  day,  or  one  set  apart  for  religious  uses.    See 
Ceremonial. 

Devotion — Verbs. 

Adore.     To  speak  to  or  address  in  worship ;  pay  divine  honor  to. 

Aspire.     To  desire  with  eagerness;  to  pant  after. 

Attend  mass.     To  be  present  at  mass  for  worship. 

Attend  service.     To  be  present  at  religious  worship. 

Bend  the  knee.     To  petition  in  a  kneeling  attitude. 

Beseech,  etc.     To  ask  or  pray  with  urgency.     See  Petition. 

Bless.     To  set  apart  or  consecrate  to  holy  purposes. 

Bow  down  and  worship.     To  kneel  in  adoration. 

Bow  the  knee.     To  bend  in  token  of  reverence. 

Communicate,  etc.     To  administer  to  or  partake  of  the  Lord's  Sup- 
per.    See  Ceremonial. 


IDOLATRY — Nouns  op  Action — Continued. 
Deification.     The  act  of  exalting  to  the  rank  of  a  god. 
Mactation.     The  killing  of  a  sacrificial  victim. 

Idolatry — Nouns  of  Means. 
Hecatomb.     Among  the  ancients,  the  sacrifice  of  a  hundred  oxen  at 

one  time. 
Holocaust.     A  sacrifice  the  whole  of  which  was  consumed  by  fire. 
Human  sacrifices.     Human  beings  offered  in  worship  to  a  deity. 
Immolation.     That  which  is  sacrificed. 
Infanticide.     The  intentional  sacrificing  of  infants. 
Sacrifices.     Victims  offered  to  a  deity  as  an  expression  of  worship. 
Self-immolation.     Sacrificing  of  self  as  an  act  of  worship. 
Suttee.     In  India,  the  sacrifice  of  a  widow  on  the  funeral  pile  of  her 

husband. 

Idolat  rv — Verbs. 
Canonize.     To  declare  to  be  or  to  regard  as  a  samt. 
Deify.     To  exalt  to  the  rank  of  a  god. 
Worship  idols.     To  do  religious  service  to  idols. 
Worship  pictures.     To  idolize  pictures 
Worship  relics.     To  act  towards  or  treat  relics  its  if  divine. 

I  dol  at  r  y — Adjective . 
Idolatrous.     Pertaining  to  idolatry;    given  to  the  worship  of  fals« 

gods. 

Idolatry — Phrase. 
Adorer  le  veau  d'or  [F.].     To  worship  the  golden  calf. 


DEVOTION—  Verbs— Continued. 
Deny  oneself.     To  decline  the  gratification  of  appetites  or  desires. 
Do  service.     To  do  religious  work. 
Fall  down.     To  prostrate  oneself  in  worship. 

Fall  down  on  one's  knees.     To  supplicate  in  a  prostrate  condition. 
Fast.     To  practise  abstinence  as  a  religious  exercise  or  duty. 
Give  alms.     To  help  the  poor  and  needy. 

Give  benediction.     To  pronounce  a  solemn  or  affectionate  invocation 
Give  thanks.     To  make  acknowledgments  for  kindness  bestowed. 
Glorify.     To  praise  in  worship,  extol. 
Go  to  church.     To  attend  divine  service. 
Humble  oneself.     To  make  meek  and  submissive. 
Intone.     To  chant. 
Invoke.     To  address  in  prayer. 
Kneel.     To  bend  the  knee  in  prayer. 
Laud.     To  praise  in  words  or  song ;  extol. 
Lead  the  choir.     To  direct  and  govern  the  singing. 
Lift  up  the  heart.     To  become  joyful  in  praise  and  song;  be  reverent. 
Magnify.     To  praise  or  extol  highly. 
Offer  sacrifices.       ] 

Offer  up  petitions.   I  To  present  as  an  act  of  worship;  present  devo- 
Offer  up  prayers.     f       tionally 
Offer  vows. 

Pay  homage.     To  do  reverential  worship. 
Praise.     To  glorify  in  words  or  song,  as  God. 
Pray.     To  address  or  petition  the  Supreme  Being. 
Propitiate.     To  appease  and  dispose  to  kindness  or  favor. 
Prostrate  oneself.     To  fall  down  in  adoration. 

u   up  [  '[To  present  or  offer  earnest  entreaties. 

Put  up  prayers.   > 

Return  thanks.     To  reply  or  make  answer  for  kindness  received. 
Revere,  etc.     To  regard  with  worshipful  veneration.     See  Regard 
Say  grace.     To  offer  a  short  prayer  before  or  after  a  meal. 
Say  one's  prayers.     To  offer  up  one's  petitions. 
Sing  praises.     To  worship  in  song. 
Supplicate.     To  seek  by  earnest  prayer;  beseech. 
Tell  one's  beads.     To  recite  prayers,  checking  them  off  by  the  beads 

on  a  rosary. 
Vow.     To  consecrate  to  God  by  solemn  promise. 
Work  out   one's  salvation.     To  effect  one's  deliverance  from   the 

power  of  sin. 
Worship.     To  perform  religious  service ;  pay  divine  honors  to. 

Devotion — Adjectives. 
Devotional.     Of  or  pertaining  to  devotion. 
Devout.     Earnestly  attentive  to  religious  duties;  pious. 
Fervid,  etc.     Burning  with  religious  zeal  oreagerness.     See  Emotion 
Prayerful.     Given  to  prayers. 

Pure.     Free  from  everything  that  can  debase  or  render  unclean. 
Reverent.     Expressing  reverence;  profoundly  respectful. 
Solemn.     Marked  with  religious  gravity  or  pomp. 
Worshiping,  etc.     Paying  divine  honors  to;  devout.     See  Verbs. 

Devotion — Interjections. 
Allelujah!     Glory  be  to  God!    God  Mess!      God  forbid!     God  grantl 

God  save!      Hallelujah!      Hosanna!     O  Lord!     Pray  God  that! 

Sursum  cordaf  [L.]     Lift  up  your  hearts! 


DEVOTION. 


277 


DEVOTION— CHARM. 


DEVOTION— Continued. 
Devotion — Phrases. 
Bene  otasse  est  bene  studuisse  [L.J.     To  have  prayed  well  is  to  have        Ex  voto  [L.].     According  to  one's  vow. 

Ore  e  sempre  [It. 1     Now  and  always. 


studied  well 


Magic. 


DEVOTION— MAGIC. 


Animal  magnetism.     A  force  which  is  produced  in  animal  tissues  and 

passes  from  one  body  to  another  with  or  without  actual  contact. 
Bedevilment.     State  of  being  brought  under  diabolical  influence. 
Bewitchery.     Irresistible  power  possessed  by  any  person  or  thing 

over  a  creature. 
Clairvoyance  [F.].     Ability  to  discern  anything  not  present  to  the 

senses;  second  sight. 
Conjuration.     The  act  of  invoking  supernatural  aid  by  the  use  of  a 

magical  form  of  words. 
Divination,  etc.     Forctelli  ig  future  events.     See  Prophecy. 
Electro-biology.     That  phase  of  mesmerism  whose  phenomena  are 

supposed  to  be  produced  by  a  form  of  electricity. 
Enchantment.     Production  of  certain  wonderful  effects  by  the  aid 

of  supposed  spirits. 
Exorcism.     Act  of  expelling  evil  spirits  by  conjurations. 
Fetichism.     The  doctrine  or  practise  of  belief  in  fetiches. 
Glamour.     A  charm  on  the  eyes  making  them  see  things  different 

from  what  they  are.     [Scotch  for  grammar,  Anglicized  by  Walter 

Scott  ] 
Magic.     The  pretended  art  of  working  by  the  aid  of  spirits. 
Mesmerism.       The  doctrine  of  animal  magnetism.     [Dr.  Mesmer, 

Frenchman.} 
Necromancy.     Divination  by  the  agency  of  the  spirits  of  the  dead  or 

by  devils. 
Od  force.        \  The  supposed  force  that  produces  the  phenomena  of 
Odylic  force.*       mesmerism.  , 

Ordeal.     A  medieval  form  of  judicial  trial,  as  by  fire,  poison,  or  water. 
Possessed.     O  ie  under  the  influence  of  evil  spirits. 
Second  sight.     Supposed  power  of  seeing  things  future  or  distant. 
Shamanism.     Idolatrous  worship  and  practises  of  the  Ostiaks  of 

Siberia. 
Sorcery.     Divination  by  the  aid  of  evil  spirits. 
Sorles  Virgiliance  [L.].     A  form  of  divination  in  which  future  events 

are  determined  by  taking  the  first  passage  of  Virgil  upon  which 
the  eye  fell. 
Sortilege.     Divination  by  drawing  lots 
Spiritualism.     The  belief  that  departed  spirits  communicate  with 

men,  usually  through  a  medium. 
Thaumaturgy.     The  act  of  performing  something  wonderful. 
Theurgy.     The  power  of  doing  supernatural  deeds  by  invoking  God. 
Vampirism.     The  practise  of  extortion  or  preving  on  others. 
Witchcraft.!  A  supernatural   power  supposed  to    be  obtained   by 
Witchery,    i       entering  into  compact  with  the  devil. 

Magic — Associated  Nouns. 
Demonomy.     The  science  or  demons;  demon-worship. 
Demonship.     The  character  of  a  demon. 
Diablerie  [F.J.     Devilry.  t 

Hocus-pocus,  etc.     A  conjurer's  trick.     See  Truthfulness-Fraud. 
Mysticism.     The  quality  of  being  remote  frorr.  or  obscure  to  human 
observation. 

devotion- 
Charm. 

Charm.     Words,  figures,  or  things  supposed  to  possess  some  hidden 

or  mysterious  power. 
Spell.     Any  form  of  words  which,  when  recited,  were  supposed  to 

possess  magical  power. 

Charm — Nouns  of  Means  and  Instrument. 
Abracadabra.     A  word  or  collocation  of  letters  used  in  incantations. 
Agnus  Dei  [L.J.     A  figure  of  a  lamb  bearing  a  cross,  used  in  devotions. 
Amulet.     Something  worn  in  the  belief  that  it  will  ward  off  disease 

or  evil. 
Bell,  book,  and  candle.    A  solemn  formula  of  excommunication  in  the 

Roman  Catholic  Church. 
Cabala.     A  secret  science  or  knowledge  by  which  the  Jewish  rabbins 

professed  to  explain  all  Scripture  difficulties. 
Caduceus.     The  wand  of  Mercury. 
Cantrap.     A  magic  charm;   a  mischievous  trick. 
Counter-charm.     That  by  which  a  charm  is  destroyed  or  dissolved. 
Divining  rod.     A  forked  branched  rod  used  by  those  who  pretend  to 

discover  water  or  metals  under  ground. 
Ephesian    letters.     Magical    symbols.    [Shakespeare,  Merry  Wives 

IV,  v.] 
Evil  eye.     A  hostile  or  envious  look  from  certain  persons  was  sup- 
posed to  influence  for  injury. 


Occult  art.     The  practise  of  magic. 

Occult  sciences.    Certain  medie  •al  sciences,  as  alchemy  and  astrology. 

Spirit  rapping.  The  professed  communication  with  departed  spirits 
by  means  of  raps. 

Table  turning.  The  act  of  causing  a  table  to  turn  or  move,  appar- 
ently without  the  application  of  physical  force,  believed  by  some 
to  be  due  to  the  agency  of  departed  spirits. 

The  black  art.     Art  practised  by  witches  and  conjurers. 

Magic — Scientific  Noun. 
Demonology.     The  science  or  systematic  study  of  demons. 

Magic — Verbs. 
Bedevil.     To  bring  under  diabolical  influence. 
Bewitch.     To  gain  power  over  by  charms  or  incantations. 
Call  up  spirits.     To  summon  spirits. 
Call  spirits    from   the  vasty  deep.     [Shakespeare,  King  Henry  IV, 

I,  iii,  i.] 
Cast  a  nativity.     To  find  out  and  represent  the  position  of  the 

heavenly  bodies  at  the  time  of  a  birth. 
Cast  a  spell.     To  throw  or  exercise  a  magical  influence  over. 
Charm.     To    subdue    or   control   by   incantation    or   supernatural 

influence. 
Conjure.     To  call  on  or  summon  by  a  sacred  name 
Enchant.     To  subdue  by  charms  or  spells. 
Entrance.     Toput  into  a  state  of  ecstasy;  make  insensible  to  present 

objects. 
Exorcise.     To  expel  evil  spirits  by  ceremonies  or  conjurations. 
Fascinate,  etc.     To  allure  by  some  powerful  influence.     See  Motive. 
Magnetize.     To  bring  under  the  influence  of  animal  magnetism. 
Mesmerize.     To  influence  by  external  agency  so  as  to  cause  a  staU 

of  insensibility  or  somnambulism. 
Practise  sorcery,  etc.     To  be  engaged  in  magic  working.    See  Nouns. 
Raise  spirits  from  the  dead.     Summon  spirits  of  dead  persons. 

Rub  the  ring    )  ^°  summon  spirits  as  Aladdin  did.  [Arabian  Nights.] 
Taboo.     To  forbid,  or  forbid  the  use  of;   render  inviolable. 
Vodoo.     To  bewitch. 
Wave  a  wand.     To  do  works  of  magic. 

Magic — Adjectives. 

Cabalistic.     Containing  or  conveying  an  occult  meaning. 

Charmed,  etc.     Enchanted;   protected  by  charms.     See  Verbs. 

Incantatory.     Dealing  by  enchantment;  magical. 

Magic.     Possessing  supernatural  powers,  like  the  Magi  of  the  East. 

Magical.      Pertaining  to  magic. 

Mystic.     Remote  from  human  observation;  secret. 

Phylacteric.  Pertaining  to  any  charm  or  amulet  worn  as  a  pre- 
servative against  danger  or  disease. 

Weird.     Pertaining  to  the  world  of  witches;   supernatural. 

Talismanic.  Having  the  properties  of  a  preservative  against  evils 
by  occult  influence. 

-CHARM. 

Fee-faw-fum.     Nonsensical  mysterious  utterances  of  the  Giant  in 

Jack  the  Giant  Killer.     [Shakespeare,  Lear,  III,  iv,  188.J 
Fortunatus*  cap,     A  cap  which  will  transport  its  wearer  wherever  he 

desires,  or  command  fortune. 
Fetich.)  A  material  object  worshiped  among  savages  as  the  incar 
Fetish.  >      nation  of  a  spirit. 
Lamp  of  Aladdin.     A  magic  lamp,  the  rubbing  of  which  did  wonde" 

[Arabian  Nights.] 
Mum-bo-jumbo.     Any  ridiculous  object  of  superstitious  homage. 
Open  sesame.     A  magical  password.     [Arabian  Nights.] 
Periapt.     Something  worn  as  a  charm  against  evil  or  danger. 
Philter.     A  potion  intended  to  excite  love. 
Phylactery.     Strips  of  parchment  inscribed  with  Scriptural  passage* 

worn  by  devout  Jews. 
Rod.     A  staff  used  or  worn  by  magicians 
Runes.     Secret  alphabet  or  system  of  writing 
Talisman.     Any  object  endowed  with  certain  magical  powers  and 

which  can  be  carried  about  the  person. 
Telesm.     A  kind  of  amulet  or  magical  charm.     See  Talisman. 
Veronica,     A  cloth  said  to  have  been  miraculously  impressed  with 

the  Saviour's  image  from  being  used  to  wipe  the  perspiration  from 

His  face. 
Wand.     A  rod  used  by  conjurers  and  diviners. 


DEVOTION— CHARM. 


278 


DIAMETRICALLY  OPPOSITE. 


DEVOTION— CHARM— Continued. 
CHARM — Nouns  of  Means  and  Instrument — Continued.  Charm — Nouns  of  Action. 

Weird,       i  spell;  a  charm:  an  incantation.  Exorcism.     The  act  of  expelling  evil  spirits  by  formulas  or  cor, 

Wishing  cap.     A  cap  fabled  to  give  one  whatever  he  wishes  for  when        TrJ^.m.?"!,'       a     i  •   j      r  •  _.  ..... 

wearing  it  insufflation.     A    kind    of    exorcism,    performed    by    blowing    and 

*  spitting  at  the  evil  spirit. 

Incantation.     The  act  of  enchanting  by  songs  or  words  of  sorcery 


DEVOTION— MAGICIAN. 


Magician. 
Astrologer      One  who  foretells  the  future  by  reading  the  stars. 
.Banshee  .     A  goblin  supposed  to  give  warnings  of  death. 
Charmer.     One  who  has  the  power  of  exerting  a  magical  influence. 
Clairvoyant  [F.].     One  who  claims  the  power  of  seeing  or  knowing 

what  is  not  present  to  the  senses. 
Conjurer.     One  who  practises  magic  arts;  sleight-of-hand  performer. 
Cunning  man.     One  who  exercises  craft  or  shrewdness. 
Deus   ex    machina   [L.J.      A  mechanical  device  introduced  into  a 

writer's  plot.  , 

Ecstatica.     A    strongly    emotional    woman,    subject    to    profound 

reveries  or  trances. 
Exorcist.     One  who  expels  evil  spirits  by  formulas   or  conjurations. 
Fairy,  etc.     An  imaginary  good  or  bad  being,  said  to  influence  the 

fate  of  men.     See  Fiend. 
Figure-flinger.     A  pretender  to  astrology. 
Hag.     A  forbidding  or  malicious  old  woman;   an  ugly  crone. 
Lamia  [L.].     A  kind  of  a  demon  among  the  ancients  under  the  form 

of  a  beautiful  woman;   a  witch. 
Mage.     Contraction  for  magician. 

Magician.  One  professedly  skilled  in  magic  or  the  black  art. 
Medicine  man.  Among  savages,  a  witch  doctor  or  exorciser. 
Medium.     A  person  believed  to  be  possessed  or  controlled  by  the 

personality  of  some  deceased  person. 
Mesmerist.     One  who  practises  or  believes  in  personal  magnetism. 
Necromancer.     One  who  practises  divination  by  means  of  pretended 

communication  with  the  dead. 

de-vo'-ted-ness.  The  state  of  being  devoted.  De- 
termination-Vacillation. 

de-vo'-tion.  Ardent  love  and  affection.  Devotion- 
Idolatry. 

de-vour'.  To  eat  ravenously.  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Fasting-Gluttony,  Nutriment-Excretion. 

de-voured.   Eagerly  eaten.  Desire-Distaste,  Emotion. 

de-vour'-ing  el'-e-ment.  A  destroying  agent.  Heat-Cold. 

de-vout'.  Given  to  devotion.  Devotion-Idolatry, 
Godliness-Ungodliness. 

de-vout'-less.  Without  devotion.  Godliness-Dis- 
belief. 

de-vout'-ly.     In  a  devout  manner.     Emotion. 

dew.     Condensed  moisture.  Dampness-Dryness; 

shake  as  dewdrops  from  lion'f  mane,  Overvalua- 
tion-Undervaluation. 

dew'-y.     Like  dew.     Dampness-Dryness. 

dew'-y  eve.  An  evening  when  the  dew  falls.  Morn- 
ing-Evening. 

dex'-ter.     To  the  right.     Right-Left. 

dex-ter'-i-ty.     Manual  skill.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

dex'-ter-ous.      Being  skilful.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

dex'-ter-ous-ness.     Dexterity.    Skill-Unskilfulness. 

dex'-tral.     On  the  right  side.     Right-Left. 

dex-tral'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  on  the  right  side. 
Right-Left. 

dey.  A  Turkish  governor  of  Algiers.  Chief-Under- 
ling. 

dhow.     A  coasting  vessel.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

diable  a  quarte,  le  [F.]  (di-abl'  a  cart,  le).  A  daredevil. 
Excitability  -  Inexcitability,  Loudness  -  Faint- 
ness,  Regularity-Irregularity,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

diable  au  corps,  avoir  le  [F.]  (di-abl'  o  cor,  a-vwar'  le). 
To  be  devilish.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

diable  par -la  queue,  tirer  le  [F.]  (di-abl'  par  la  ku, 
tt-re'  le)  To  pull  the  devil's  tail.  Affluence- 
Penury. 

di-a'-ble-rie.  Doings  with  the  devil.  Devotion- 
Magic. 


Seer.     One  who  can  foresee  future  events. 

Shaman.     A  wizard  or  priest  among  those  who  profess  Shamanism. 
Sorcerer.     A  wizard  who  divines  by  the  aid  of  magic  or  evil  spirits. 
Soothsayer,  etc      One  who  undertakes  to  foretell  future  events.     See 

Soothsayer. 
Thaumaturgist.     One  who  works  wonders. 
Warlock.     A  male  witch;  wizard. 
Witch.     One  who  is  supposed  to  have  influence  or  dealings  with  evil 

spirits.  • 

Wizard.     One  supposed  to  be  in  league  with  the  devil. 

Magician — Figurative  Nouns. 
Cagliostro.     The  assumed  name  of  Joseph  Balsamo  of  Palermo,  one 

of  the  most  impudent  and  successful  of  impostors;    hence,   a 

magician.  ' 

Circe.     A  fabled  being  who  changed  her  enraptured  victims  into 

beasts;   hence,  a  charmer.     [Homer,  Odyssey.] 
Katerfelto.     Assumed  name  of  a  magician. 
Mesmer.     A  Frenchman  who  first  brought  into  notice  the  doctrine 

of  animal  magnetism;  hence,  a  magician  or  mesmerist. 
Rosicrucian.     A  member  of  a  secret  sect  of  fanatic  alchemists  who 

claimed  to  know  the  secret  of  the  philosopher's  stone;    hence,  a 

magician. 
Siren.     One  of  the  sweet-voiced  mythological  beings  who  enticed 

sailors  to  their  destruction  on  the  Italian  coast;  a  charmer. 
Weird  Sisters.     The  fates  who  control  human  destinies. 
Zamaliel.     A  prince  of  demons. 

di"-a-bol'-ic.  Devilish.  Angel-Satan,  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence, Goodness-Badness,  Virtue- 
Vice. 

di"-a-bol'-ic-al.  Devilish.  Charitableness-Malev- 
olence. 

di-ab'-o-lism.     Devilishness.     Angel-Satan. 

di"-a-cous'-tics.  The  science  of  the  refraction  of 
sounds.     Sound-Silence. 

di"-a-crit'-i-cal.     Distinguishing.     Sign. 

di'-a-dem.     A  crown.     Scepter. 

di"-ag-no'-sis.  The  art  of  discriminating  diseases. 
Differentiation-Indiscrimination. 

di"-ag-nos'-tic.  Pertaining  to  a  diagnosis.  Sign, 
Trial,  Universality-Particularity. 

di"-ag-nos'-tics.  The  science  of  diagnosis.  Sub- 
jectiveness-Objectiveness. 

di-ag'-c-nal.  Extending  from  corner  to  corner.  Par- 
allelism-Inclination. 

di'-a-gram.     Apian.     Delineation-Caricature. 

di'-al.  A  device  for  showing  time.  Chronology- 
Anachronism;  as  the  dial  to  the  sun,  Observance- 
Nonobser vance,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

di'-a-lect.  A  mode  of  speech.  Rhetoric,  Sign,  Word- 
Neology. 

di"-a-lec'-tic .  Pertaining  to  a  dialect;  logical.  Lan- 
guage, Ratiocination-Instinct,  Rhetoric 

di"-a-lec-ti'-cian.  A  logician.  Ratiocination-In- 
stinct. 

di-al'-o-gism.  An  imaginary  discussion.  Address- 
Response. 

di-al'-o-gist .  One  who  speaks  in  a  dialogue.  Con- 
versation-Monologue. 

di'-a-logue.  A  formal  conversation  between  two  of 
more  persons.     Conversation-Monologue. 

di-al'-y-sis.     Separation.     Chemistry. 

di-am'-e-ter.  A  line  through  the  center  of  a  figure. 
Breadth-Narrowness. 

di"-a-met'-ric-al-ly  op'-po-site.  With  the  greatest  de- 
gree of  opposition.  Laterality  Contraposition 
Sameness-Contrast. 


DIAMOND. 


279 


DIATHESIS. 


di'-a-mond.  A  precious  gem.  Angularity,  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement, Goodness-Badness;  dia- 
mond cut  diamond,  Craft-Artlessness,  Reprisal- 
Resistance;    rough  diamond,  Craft-Artlessness. 

Di-an'-a.  A  virgin  goddess  of  the  Romans,  represent- 
ing the  moon.     Purity-Impurity,  Universe. 


di"-a-pa'-son. 

sonance. 
di'-a-per.     A  kind  of  surface-decoration. 

MENT-DlSFIGUREMENT. 

di"-a-pha-ne'-i-ty.         Transparency.         Diaphaneity- 
Opaqueness. 


A  stop  in  a  pipe-organ.     Melody-Dis- 

Embellish- 


DIAPHANEITY— OPAQUENESS. 


Diaphaneity.  Quality  of  being  diaphanous;  pellucid.  See  Adjec- 
tives. 

Fluorescence.  The  property,  possessed  by  some  transparent  bodies, 
of  giving  off,  when  illuminated,  light  differing  in  color  from  their 
own. 

Limpidity.     Marked  by  sparkling  clearness. 

Lucidity.     State  of  being  lucid;   intellectual  clearness. 

Pellucidity.     State  or  quality  of  being  pellucid.     See  Adjectives. 

Transluc^nce.\  The  property  of   permitting  rays  of  light  to  pass 

Transluc^ncyJ       through. 

Transparence.  X  Diaphaneity;      state    of     being    transparent.     See 


Transparency. 


Adjectives. 


Diaphaneity — Objects. 


Crystal.     A  material  of  quartz,   in  crystallization  transparent  or 
nearly  so. 

Glass.     A   hard,    brittle,    transparent   substance,   made  by  fusing 
together  silica  with  lime,  potash,  soda,  or  lead  oxid. 

Glasswork.      Any  article  made  of  glass. 

Lymph.     A  colorless  fluid  contained  in  the  lymphatic  vessels  of  the 
body. 

Transparent  medium.     Any  substance  through  which  light  is  trans- 
mitted. 

Vitrite.     A  hard  glass  used  for  electrical  appliances. 

Water.     A  clear,   transparent   liquid  consisting  of  hydrogen  and 
oxygen. 

Diaphaneity — Verbs. 

Be  transparent.     See  Adjectives. 

Transmit.     To  cause  to  pass  over  or  through. 

Diaphaneity — Adjectives. 

Clear.     Free  from  opacity  or  obscurity. 
Clear  as  crystal.     Absolutely  transparent. 
Crystalline.     Resembling  crystal  in  clearness. 

Diaphanous.     Having  power  to  transmit  rays  of  light;  clear;  trans- 
parent. 
Glassy.     Resembling  glass  in  transparency. 
Hyaline.     Glassy;  crystalline.  * 
Limpid.     Marked  by  clearness  or  transparency. 

Pellucid.}  Clear;  transParent- 

Relucent.     Throwing  back  light;  clear;  bright. 

Serene.     Clear;  placid. 


Opacity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  impervious  to  light. 
Opaqueness.     See  sub  Adjectives. 

Opaqueness — Denotations. 
Cloud.     See  Viscidity-Foam. 
Film.     An  opaque,  membranous  covering. 

Opaqueness — Verbs. 
Be  opaque.     To  obstruct  the  light  rays. 
Obfuscate.)  „     ,     . 
Offuscate./Todarken- 
Obstruct  the  passage  of  light.     Prevent  light  from  passing. 

Opaqueness — Adjectives. 
Adiaphanous.     Not  to  be  seen  through. 
Cloudy.     Obscure,  as  though  by  clouds. 
Dim.     Obscure  from  scarcity  of  light.     See  Dimness. 
Dirty.     Having  the  quality  of  dirt;  unclean. 
Foggy.     O^que  through  fog. 

Fuliginous.     Pertaining  to  soot  or  smoke;  hence,  opaque. 
Fumid.     Smohy;  hence,  opaque. 
Hazy.     Rendered  opaque  by  reason  of  haze. 
Impervious  to  light.     Not  permitting  light  to  pass  through. 
Misty.     Pervaded  by  mist;  hence,  opaque. 
Muddy.     Turbid;   clouded;   opaque  as  though  by  mud. 
Muggy.     Warm  and  moist;    opaque  by  r»ason  of  moisture  held  in 

suspension. 
Murky.     Dark;   obscure. 
Nubiferous.     Bringing  clouds. 
Obfuscated.     Obscured;  clouded. 
Opacous.     Impervious  to  the  rays  of  light. 
Opaque.     Not  transparent. 

Smoky.     Rendered  opaque  by  reason  of  smoke. 
Thick.     Having  considerable  density;  hence,  turbid;  opaque. 
Turbid.     Thick  and  cloudy. 
Vaporous.     Having  the  nature  of  vapors. 


DIAPHANEITY— Adjectives— Continued. 

Translucent  1  Transmitting  rays  of  light;  transparent;  clear. 
Transparent.     Having  the  property  of  transmitting  rays  of  light  so 

that  bodies  can  be  seen  through;  diaphanous. 
Transpicuous.     Transparent;   pervious  to  the  sight. 
Vitreous.     Having  the  quality  of  glass. 


DIAPHANEITY— OPALESCENCE. 


Opalescence. 


Opalescence — Adjectives. 


Milkiness.     State  or  quality  of  being  milky. 

Opalescence.     The  property  of  combined  refraction  and  reflection  of 

light. 
Pearhness.     State  or  quality  of  being  pearly. 
Semi-transparency.     Partial  transparency. 

Opalescence — Denotations. 
Film.     A  membranous  covering  almost  opaque. 
Gauze.     A  very  thin  cloth  or  material. 
Mist.     See  Viscidity-Foam. 
Muslin.     A  very  thin  cotton  cloth. 

Transparent.     Diaphaneity-Opaque- 


Diacoustics.     Sound-Silence. 
Free  perspiration.     Nutriment-Ex- 


di-aph'-a-nous. 

NESS. 

di"-a-phon'-ics. 
di"  a-pho-re'-sis. 

CRETION. 

di'-a-phragn.  A  muscle  used  in  respiration.  Environ- 
ment-Interposition, Middle. 

di"-a-po-re'-sis.  A  figure  in  rhetoric  representing  a 
speaker  as  hesitating.    Certainty-Doubt. 

di"-ar-rhe'-a.  A  looseness  of  the  bowels.  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

di'-a-ry.  A  daily  record.  Chronology-Anachronism, 
Mark-Obliteration. 


Milky.     Like  milk;  turbid. 

Opalescent.     Reflecting  a  milky  or  pearly  light. 

Opalescine.     See  Opalescent. 

Pearly.     Reflecting*an  almost  clear  light. 

Semi-diaphanous.     Half  or  imperfectly  transparent. 

Semi-opacous.     Semi-opaque. 

Semi-opaque.     Half  transparent. 

Semi-pellucid.     Imperfectly  transparent. 

Semi-transparent.     Half  or  imperfectly  transparent. 


di-as'-to-le.  The  regular  expansion  of  the  heart  in 
beating.     Enlargement-Diminution. 

di"-a-tes'-sa-ron.  A  perfect  fourth  in  music.  Melody- 
Dissonance. 

di"-a-ther'-mal.  Permitting  the  passage  of  heat.  Heat- 
ing-Cooling. 

di"-a-ther'-man-cy .  The  property  of  transmitting  heat. 
Heating-Cooling. 

di"-a-ther'-mous.     Diathermal.     Heating-Cooling. 

di-ath'-e-sis.  A  predisposition  to  any  particular  disease. 
Affection,  Condition  -  Situation,  Subjective- 
ness-Objectiveness. 


DIATONIC. 


280      DIFFERENTIATION— INDISCRIMINATION. 


ii"-a-ton'-ic.  Designating  the  regular  tones  of  a  key  in 
music.     Melody-Dissonance. 

di'-a-tribe.  An  abusive  discourse.  Approval-Disap- 
proval. 

dib'-ble.  A  gardener's  pointed  tool.  Domestication- 
Agri  /ulture,  Perforator-Stopper. 

di-cac'-i-ty.  Sauciness.  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness. 

dice.  Marked  cubes  used  in  gaming.  Purpose-Luck; 
on  the  dice,  Possibility-Impossibility. 

di'-cer.  One  who  plays  dice.  Purpose-Luck;  false  as 
dicer's  oaths,  Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

di-chot'-c-mize.    To  cut  in  two.     Doubling-Halving. 

di-chot'-o-my.  A  cutting  into  two  parts.  Angularity, 
Doubling-Halving. 

di'-chro-ism.  The  property  of  exhibiting  different 
colors  when  seen  in  different  directions.  Variega- 
tion. 

dichtung  und  wahrheit  [G.]  (diH'-tung  unt  var'-hait). 
Fiction  and  fact.  Poetry-Prose,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

dic'-tate.  To  declare  with  authority.  Advice,  Motive- 
Caprice,  Order,  Presumption-Obsequiousness, 
Rule-License,  Writing-Printing. 

dic-ta'-tion.  The  act  of  dictating.  Order,  Rule- 
License. 

dic-ta'-tor.  One  who  dictates.  Chief-Underling, 
Tyranny-Anarchy. 

dic"-ta-to'-ri-al.  Disposed  to  dictate.  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness. 

dic-ta'-tor-ship.  The  office  of  a  dictator.  Harshness- 
Mildness,  Rule-License,  Tyranny-Anarchy. 

dic'-tion.     The  choice  and  use  of  words.     Style. 

dic'-tion-a-ry.  A  book  containing  words  arranged  in  a 
stated  order.  Interpretation-Misinterpretation, 
Word-Neology. 

dic'-tum.  A  positive  utterance.  Adage-Nonsense, 
Assertion-Denial,  Order. 

dictum  ac  factum  [L.]  (dic'-tum  ac  fac'-tum).  No  sooner 
said  than  done.    Activity-Indolence. 

dictum  de  dicto  [L.]  (dic'-tum  di  dic'-to).  Hearsay 
report.     Evidence-Counterevidence. 

dictum  quod  non  dictum  sit  prius,  nullum  est  jam  [L.] 
(dic'-tum  quod  non  dic'-tum  sit  prai'-us,  nul'-lum  est 
jam).  Nothing  is  said  nowadays  that  has  not  been 
said  before.     Novelty-Antiquity,  Recurrence. 

di-dac'-tic.  Pertaining  to  teaching.  Education-Mis- 
teaching. 

did'-der.     To  shiver.     Heat-Cold. 

did'-dle.     To  outwit.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

Did'-dler,  Jer'-e-my.  A  character  in  James  Kenney's 
play,  entitled  Raising  the  Wind.  A  term  applied  to 
a  swindler.     Robber. 

di-duc'-tion.      A  separation.     Union-Disunion. 

die.  To  pass  from  life;  to  mold  with  a  die.  Begin- 
ning-End, Betterment-Deterioration,  Copy- 
Model,  Engraving,  Entity-Nonentity,  Life- 
Death;  die  a  violent  death,  Life-Killing;  die  and 
make  no  sign,  Repentance-Obduracy;  die  away, 
Discontinuance  -  Continuance,  Increase  -  De- 
crease;   die   for,    Desire-Distaste;    die   from   the 


memory,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  die  game, 
Repentance-Obduracy;  die  hard,  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy, Reprisal-Resistance  ;  die  in  harness,  Discon- 
tinuance-Continuance, Persistence-Wiiim;  die  in 
one's  shoes,  Recompense-Punition;  die  in  the  last 
ditch,  Persistence-Whim;  die  of  a  rose  in  aromatic 
pain,  Sensitiveness-Apathy;  die  out,  Entity-Non- 
entity; die  with  ennui,  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness; die  with  laughter,  Jubilation-Lamentation; 
hazard  of  the  die,  Purpose-Luck;  never  say  die,  Per- 
sistence-Whim; not  willingly  let  die,  Conservation; 
the  die  is  cast,  Certainty-Doubt,  Volition-Obliga- 
tion. 

dies  faustus  [L.]  (dai'-iz  faus'-tus).  Lucky  day.  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 

dies  injaustus  [L.]  (dai-iz  in-faus'-tus) .  Unlucky  day. 
Success-Failure. 

dies  irce,  dies  ilia  [L.]  (dai'-iz  ai'-ri,  dai-iz  il'-la).  Day 
of  wrath,  that  day;  the  first  words  of  a  Latin  hymn 
on  the  Day  of  Judgment.     Heaven-Hell,  Pardon, 

VlNDICTIVENESS.  ' 

dies  non  [L.]  (dai'-iz  non).  Abbreviation  of  dies  non 
juridicus,  anon-judicial  day;  a  legal  holiday.  Dura- 
tion-Neverness,  T^il-Relaxation. 

di'-et.  Food ;  a  legislative  assembly.  Council,  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion; spare  diet,  Fasting-Gluttony. 

di'-et-a-ry.  A  system  of  diet.  Nutriment-Excretion, 
Remedy-Bane. 

di"-e-tet'-ic.     Of  diet.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

di"-e-tet'-ics.     The  science  of  diet.     Remedy-Bane. 

dieu  avec  nous  [F.]  (di-u'  a-vec'  nu).  God  with  us. 
Divinity,  Presence-Absence. 

dieu  defend  le  droit  [F.]  (di-u'  de-fan''  le  drwa).  God 
defend  the  right.    Attack-Defense,  Right-Wrong. 

dieu  est  ma  fiance,  en  [F.]  (di-u'  e  ma  fi-anV,  an-).  In 
God  is  my  trust.  Divinity,  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness. 

dieu  et  mon  droit  [F.]  (di-u'  e  mon  drwa).  God  and  my 
right.     Divinity,  Right-Wrong. 

dieu  vous  garde  [F.]  (di-u'  vu  gard).  God  guard  you. 
Divinity,  Petition-Expostulation,  Security-In- 
security. 

dif'-fer.  To  be  unlike.  Variance-Accord,  Variation; 
differ  in  opinion,  Assent-Dissent;  differ  toto  ccelo, 
Assent-Dissent,  Likeness-Unlikeness,  Sameness- 
Contrast,  Variation. 

dif'-fer-ence.  The  quality  of  being  unlike.  Equality- 
Inequality,  Likeness-Unlikeness,  Number,  VA'. 
riance-Accord,  Variation;  difference  engine,  Num- 
bering; perception  of  difference,  Differentiation- 
Indiscrimination  ;  split  the  difference,  Composi- 
tion. 

dif'-fer-ent.  Not  the  same.  Synonym-Antonym,  Uni- 
formity-Multiformity, Variation;  different  time, 
Time. 

dif'-fer-en'-tial.  Pertaining  to  differentials.  Number; 
differential  calculus,  Numbering. 

dif'-fer-en'-ti-a-tion.  Act  of  noting  specific  differences 
in  things.     Differentiation-Indiscrimination. 

dif'-fer-ent-ly.    Not  the  same  way.    Variation. 


DIFFERENTIATION— INDISCRIMINATION. 


Appreciation  of  difference.     The  power  of  clearly  understanding  the 

various  shades  of  meaning. 
Critique.     A  careful  and  thorough  analysis;  critical  examination. 
Diagnosis.     An  accurate  examination  of  facts;    determining  nature 

of  disease  from  symptoms. 
Differentiation.     The  act  of  noting  specific  differences  in  things. 
Diorism.     A  thorough  distinction;   logical  difference. 
Discernment.     The    capability    of    forming    true    judgments.     See 

Sagacity. 
Discrimination.     The  power  to  discern  accurately;   careful  scrutiny. 
Distinction.     Noting  differences*  critically. 
Estimation.     See  Mensuration. 


Indiscrimination.     Lacking  the  power  of  discernment  or  judgment 
Indistinction.     Want  of  distinction;  indefiniteness;  confusion. 
Indistinctness.     The  quality  of  vagueness;  lacking  clearness. 
Uncertainty.     See  Certainty-Doubt. 

Indiscrimination — Verbs. 

Confound.     To  mingle;  pour  together. 

Confuse.     To  confound;  intermingle. 

Not  discriminate.     See  Discrimination. 

Overlook  a  distinction.     See  Carefulness-Carelessness. 


DIFFERENTIATION— INDISCRIMINATION.      281 


DIFFICULTY— FACILITY. 


Judgment.     The  power  of  the  mind  to  discriminate  superior  qualities 

of  matter  as  well  as  operations  of  the  mind. 
Nice  perception.     Clear  discernment. 
Nicety.     Exactness  of  perception. 
Nuances  [F.].     Shades  of  difference. 
Perception  of  difference.     Knowledge  of  difference. 
Refinement.     Elegance  in  making  distinctions. 
Tact.     Nice  perception  or  discernment. 
Taste.     See  Taste, 

Differentiation — Verbs, 

Allow  due  weight.     To  give  all  the  consideration  a  thing  deserves. 

Discriminate.     See  Discrimination. 

Distinguish.     To  differentiate;   to  classify. 

Draw  a  line.     To  separate;  to  discriminate. 

Estimate.     See  Mensuration. 

Give  due  weight.     See  Allow  due  weight. 

Know  *'a  hawk  from  a  hand-saw."  To  decide  carefully.  [Shake- 
speare, Hamlet,  II,  ii.] 

Know  what  is  what.     To  be  wise  in  judgment. 

Know  which  is  which.     To  know  one  from  the  other. 

Separate.     To  distinguish  by  judgment. 

Separate  the  chaff  from  the  wheat.  To  separate  the  bad  from  the 
good. 

Severalize.     To  distinguish. 

Sift.     Winnow;   to  search  out. 

Split  hairs.     To  divide  with  extreme  accuracy. 

dif'-fi-cult.     Hard  to  do.     Difficulty-Facility;   diffi- 
cult to  please,  Desire-Distaste. 
dif'-fi-cul-ties.     Obstacles.       Affluence-Penury;    in 


Indiscrimination — Adjectives. 
Indiscriminate.     Not  systematic. 
Undistinguishable.      Not  able  to  be  distinguished. 
Undistinguished.     Not  recognized  apart. 
Uomeasured.     Not  measured. 

Indiscrimination — Phrase. 
Valcat  quantum  valere  potest   [L.fl.      Let  it  pass  for  what  it  is  worth. 


DIFFERENTIATION— Verbs— Continuea. 
Take  into  account.  \  „         .       .,  , 

Take  into  consideration./  To  make  allowance  for. 
Weigh  carefully.     To  estimate  deliberately  and  maturely. 
Winnow  the  chaff  from  the  wheat.     Sift;  thrash. 
Differentiation — Adjectives. 
Dioristic.     Distinguishing. 

Discriminating.     Making  or  seeing  a  difference. 
Discriminative.     Making  a  difference. 
Distinctive.     Expressing  distinction  or  difference. 
Nice.     Apprehending  slight  differences  or  delicate  distinctions. 

Differentiation — Phrases. 
11  y  a  fagots  et  fagots  [F.[|.  All  men  are  not  alike. 
La  critique  est  aisie,  et  Vart  est  difficile  [F.|.    Criticism  is  easy,  and 

art  is  difficult. 
Rem  acu  tetigisti  [L.J.     You  have  touched  it  with  a  needle;    that  is, 

exactly. 


difficulties,  Credit-Debt. 
dif'-fi-cul-ty.     The    state    of 
culty-Facility. 


being    difficult.     Diffi- 


DIFFICULTY— FACILITY. 


Ado.     Intricate  business;  fuss. 

Augean  task.     A  task  of  Hercules,  to  clean  the  Augean  stables. 

Awkwardness.     Quality  of  being  difficult  to  manage  or  effect. 

Bone  to  pick.     A  dispute  to  be  settled. 

Brunt.     The  hardest  part  of  a  battle  or  task. 

Coil.     See  Circle-Winding. 

Crisis.     The  decisive  period. 

Critical  situation.     The  point  of  supreme  danger. 

Crooked  path.     Hard  to  follow. 

Cross-fire.     Shot  at  from  different  places  at  the  same  time. 

Crux.     Difficulty  of  explanation. 

Cul  de  sac  [F.||.     A  maze;  a  snare. 

Dead  lift.     One  made  without  any  mechanical  device. 

Dead  lock.  Impossibility  of  coming  to  an  agreement-,  an  obstruc- 
tion. 

Dead  set.     Unmovable  difficulty. 

Delicacy.     That  quality  which  requires  great  care  in  handling. 

Delicate  point.  That  period  where  greatest  care  and  skill  must  be 
exercised  to  be  successful. 

Difficulty.     That  which  is  hard  to  solve,  accomplish,  master. 

Dignus  vindice  nodus  [L.§.     A  knot  worthy  to  be  unloosed. 

Dilemma.  A  state  of  things  where  it  is  difficult  (but  necessary)  to 
determine  which  of  two  courses  to  pursue. 

Embarrassment.     Impediment  to  freedom  of  action. 

Emergency.     Great  need;  a  sudden  occasion  to  be  met. 

Entanglement.     See  Regularity-Irregularity. 

Exigency.     Pressing  necessity;  crisis. 

False  position.     Occupying  a  place  at  a  disadvantage. 

Fix.     A  position  from  which  it  is  difficult  to  escape. 

Gordian  knot.  Almost  impossible  task;  the  knot  cut  by  Alexander 
the  Great. 

Hardness.     Difficulty;  intricacy. 

Hard  task.     See  Augean  task. 

Hard  to  crack.     Difficulty  of  solving,  understanding,  or  realizing 

Hard  work.     Some  undertaking  which  is  hard  on  mind  or  body  to  do. 

Hercudean  task.     An  attempt  which  is  like  a  labor  of  Hercules. 

Hitch.     A  check;  an  obstacle. 

Hobble.     A  device  put  on  an  animal  to  impede  its  progress. 

Hornet's  nest.     Something  hard  to  escape  without  being  injured. 

Horns  of  a  dilemma.     The  two  courses  before  one  in  a  dilemma. 

Hot  water.     A  difficult  position. 

Imbroglio.  A  complicated  position;  a  condition  surrounded  by  dif- 
ficulties. 

Impracticability.     Impossibility. 

Intricacy.     Perplexity;  complexity. 

Job.     A  difficult  task. 

Knot.     Something  not  easily  solved. 

Knotty  point.     Most  difficult  to  understand  clearly 

Maze.     An  intertwined  pathway. 

Meshes.     Nets'  entanglements. 


Capability.     Capacity;  power  to  do. 

Deoppilation.     Removal  of  all  obstacles. 

Disencumbrance.     The  state  of  being  unburdened. 

Disentanglement.     Clearing  of  difficulties. 

Ease.     Rest;  freedom  from  restraint. 

Easiness.     The  state  of  being  free. 

Facility.     Ease  in  the  performance  of  anything. 

Feasibility.     See  Possibility. 

Flexibility.     The  quality  of  being  bent  easily. 

Full  play.     See  Liberty. 

Permission.     See  Leave. 

Pliancy.     See  Hardness-Softness. 

Smoothness.     See  Smoothness. 


Facility — Denotations. 
A  coast  or  pathway  free  from  impediment  or  obstruc- 

A  portion  of  a  road  or  course  free  from  traveling  diffi- 


Clear  coast. 

tion. 
Clear  stage. 

cul  ties. 
Fair  wind.     A  wind  favorable  for  sailing. 

Holiday  task.     A  work  in  which  no  work,  or  little  effort  is  required. 
Mere  child's  play.     A  work  or  task  requiring  no  exertion  of  strength 
Plain  sailing.     Travel  by  water,  free  from  dangers. 
Royal  road.     A  road  used  only  by  royalty. 
Smooth  road.     A  way  on  which  travel  is  easy. 

a*.     •   Li      •!•        f  Easy  and  safe  sailing. 
Straight  sailing.  3  *  6 

Smooth  water.     Surface  of  the  water  unbroken  by  waves. 

Tabula  rasa  [L.].     A  smooth  tablet. 

Facility — Verbs. 

Be  at  home  in.     See  Skill. 

Be  easy.     Be  free  from  care;  be  tranquil. 

Bridge  over.     To  make  easy  the  passage  over  difficulties. 

Clear.     To  remove  obstacles. 

Clear  the  ground. 

Open  the  way. 


Clear  the  path. 
Clear  the  road. 
Clear  the  way. 


j 


Cut  the  knot.      Remove  an  obstacle  by  force. 
Deobstruct.     To  remove  all  hindrances. 
Deoppilate.     To  take  away  obstructions 
Disburden.     To  unburden ;  relieve  oneself  of  care. 
Disembarrass.     To  remove  all  embarrassment. 
Disencumber.     To  remove  impediments. 
Disengage.     To  clear;  to  extricate. 
Disentangle.     To  straighten  out ;  to  free. 
Drift  with  the  stream.  I  ™  ,     .-  . 
Drift  with  the  tide.       }  T.ke  thmgs  easy. 
Ease.     To  make  light  or  easy  of  accomplishment. 


DIFFICULTY. 


282 


DIFFICULTY— FACILITY. 


Hess.     A  mixture  or  confusion  of  things. 

Net.     Anything  designed  to  entrap  or  catch. 

Nice  point.     Intricate  in  the  texture  of  the  thoughts  comprising  it. 

Nonplus.     Puzzle;  quandary;  unsurmountable  difficulty. 

Nut  to  crack.     Difficulty  to  solve. 

Paradox.  Something  that  seems  contrary  to  the  accepted  opinion, 
yet  may  be  true. 

Pass.     Predicament;  crisis. 

PecK  of  troubles.     A  very  large  amount  of  troubles. 

Perplexity.     See  Certainty-Doubt. 

Pickle.     A  disagreeable  position;  a  difficult  state  to  be  in. 

Pinch.     A  tight  and  crowded  place. 

Pons  asinorum  [L.fl.  The  fifth  proposition  in  the  first  book  of 
Euclid;  hence,  difficulty. 

Poser.     A  puzzler. 

Pretty  kettle  of  fish.     A  pretty  mess  to  contend  with. 

Pretty  pass.     A  pass  hard  to  get  through. 

Puzzle.     See  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

Quagmire.  Boggy  land  which  easily  gives  way  when  one  walks  over 
it;  uncertain  position. 

Quandary.     A  maze  of  doubt;  perplexity. 

Rasper.     A  high  fence  difficult  for  game  to  get  over. 

Rub.     Difficult  task. 

Scramble.     A  hard  struggle  for  a  rare  thjng. 

Scrape.     Trouble;  difficulty. 

Sea  of  troubles.  Trouble  resembling  the  sea  in  vastness.  [Shake- 
speare, Hamlet,  III,  i.] 

Set  fast.     Anything  which  brings  one  to  a  standstill. 

Sisyphean  labors.  Labor  impossible  to  be  accomplished,  like  those 
of  Sisyphus. 

Slough.     A  miry  place;  a  trap. 

Stand.     An  opposition;  a  defense. 

Stew.     A  pickle;  a  bog. 

Strait.     A  narrow  passage. 

Stress.     An  urgent  occasion;  a  pressing  circumstance. 

Stumbling  block.     See  Obstruction. 

Subtle  point.     A  delicate  task. 

Task  of  Sisyphus.  Rolling  an  impossible  stone  up  a  hill.  See  Sis- 
yphean labors. 

Teaser.     A  provoking  task. 

Ticklish  card  to  play.     A  perplexing  task. 

Tough  job.     Hard  task. 

Tough  work.     See  Tough  job. 

Trial.     Difficulty;  a  severe  task. 

Uphill  work.     A  work  with  great  disadvantages,  as  going  up  a  hill. 

Vexata  qucestio  [L.j.     A  vexed  question. 

Vexed  question.     A  cause  of  trouble  or  disquiet. 

Where  the  shoe  pinches.     In  strait  circumstances. 

Difficulty — Verbs. 

Bear  the  brunt.     To  endure  the  hardest  part  of  the  battle. 

Be  difficult.     See  Nouns. 

Be  impossible.     See  Impossibility. 

Be  in  difficulty.     To  try  to  overcome  an  obstacle. 

Be  in  the  way  of.     See  Obstruction. 

Be  put  to  one's  shifts.     To  try  every  expedient  to  get  out  of  difficulty. 

Boggle.     To  anticipate  difficulties. 

Bother.     To  trouble;  to  throw  obstacles  in  xhe  way. 

Bring  a  hornet's  nest  about  one's  ears.     To  arouse  severe  criticism. 

Bring  to  a  deadlock.     To  stop  business. 

Buffet  the  waves.     To  contend  with  repeatedly. 

Come  to  a  deadlock.  To  check  proceedings,  as  a  deadlock  in  a  legis- 
lature. 

Come  to  a  stand.     To  become  inactive;  stand  still. 

Come  to  the  pinch.     Arrive  at  the  critical  point. 

Come  to  the  push.     To  come  to  the  difficult  part. 

Contend  with  difficulties.     To  strive  against  difficulties  or  obstacles. 

Embarrass.  To  hinder;  check  freedom  of  thought,  speech,  and 
movement. 

Encumber.     To  obstruct;  impede. 

Enmesh.     To  entangle. 

.'Entangle.     To  complicate  as  to  make  escape  difficult. 

Fish  in  troubled  waters.     To  labor  amid  difficulties. 

Flounder.     To  struggle  without  success,  as  a  fish  on  land. 

Get  into  a  scrape.    \  _  ,  . 

r*  *.-    *    j«i      i*-       f  To  get  into  trouble. 
Get  into  difficulties.  J        & 

Go  against  the  grain.     To  do  anything  under  great  obstacles;   work 

against  one's  nature. 

Go  hard  with  one.     To  win  one's  way  by  undergoing  hardships. 

Grapple  with  difficulties.     Contend  with  difficulties. 

Gravel.     To  check;  embarrass. 

Grope  in  the  dark.     Struggle  in  vain 

Have  a  hard  time  of  it.     See  Go  hard  with  one. 

Have  much  ado  with.     To  experience  great  difficulty  with. 


FACILITY— Verbs— Continued. 
Emancipate.     To  set  at  liberty. 
Exonerate.     To  free  from  blame. 
Extricate.     To  unravel;  disentangle. 
Facilitate.     To  lessen  the  labor  of. 
Flow  with  the  stream.  I  r  _.  A.         ,  .,„. 
Flow  with  the  tide.       /  Let  thmgs  dr,£t' 
Free.     To  set  at  liberty;  remove  every  bar. 
Free  from.     Clear  of. 
Give  full  play.       ] 

Give  full  swing.     /-Give  a  good  chance  to. 
Give  the  reins  to.  / 
Go  on  all  fours.     Agree  with. 
Go  on  smoothly.        ~i 
Go  with  the  stream.  v-Move  smoothly. 
Go  with  the  tide.       J 
Have  full  play.     Have  a  good  chance. 
Have  it  all  one's  own  way.  )  TT 

Have  the  game  in  one's  own  hand.  J  Have  no  °PP°«t>on. 
Humor.     To  indulge  by  skilful  adaptation. 
Leave  a  hole  to  creep  out.     To  leave  an  opening  for  escape. 
Leave  the  matter  open.     To  submit  for  further  discussion. 
Lighten.     To  decrease  the  burden  of. 
Lighten  the  labor.     To  make  the  work  easier. 
Lubricate.     See  Friction-Lubrication. 
Make  light  of.     To  pay  little  attention  to. 
Make  no  bones  of.     To  give  only  a  passing  notice. 
Make  nothing  of.     To  notice  with  indifference. 
Make  way  for.     To  open  a  pass. 
Obey  the  helm.     To  yield  to  power  or  influence. 
Open  the  door  to.     To  allow  to  enter;  to  welcome. 
Open  the  way.     Give  freedom  of  passage. 

Pave  the  way.     To  cover  with  stone  or  brick  to  smooth  the  way, 
Permit.     See  Leave. 

Popularize.     To  bring  into  favor  with  the  people. 
Prepare  the  ground.  1 
Prepare  the  path.        I  ret        av 
Prepare  the  road.       J 
Prepare  the  way.        J 
Relieve.     See  Alleviation. 
Render  easy.     To  cause  to  become  easy. 
Run  on  all  fours.     To  go  more  easily. 
Run  smoothly.     To  go  along  without  any  hindrances. 
See  one's  way.     To  find  no  obstructions  ahead. 
Smooth.     To  gloss  over. 

Smooth  the  ground.  I  ™    ,       ,         , 

o         .».  .L        *u        f  lo  level;  make  easy. 
Smooth  the  path.      )  '  J 

Smooth  the  road.     To  rid  of  rough  places. 

Smooth  the  way.     To  remove  objectionable  places. 

Swim  with  the  stream.     To  swim  with  the  current. 

Swim  with  the  tide.     To  be  borne  along  with  it. 

TJnclog.      To  disencumber. 

Unload.     To  unburden;  to  remove  the  weight. 

Untie  the  knot.     To  open  the  knot. 

Unravel.     To  unfold;  to  disentangle. 

Walk  over  the  course.     To  have  full  sway. 

Win  at  a  canter.     To  come  off  successful  easily. 

Work  well.     Be  successful  in  labor. 

Facility — Adjectives* 
Accessible.     Within  reach. 
At  ease.     Calm;  composed. 
At  home.     Skilful. 
Disburdened.     Relieved. 
Disembarrassed.     See  Verbs. 
Disencumbered.     See  Verbs. 
Ductile.     Easily  led;  yielding. 
Easily  accomplished.     Not  hard  to  do. 
Easily  managed.     Not  hard  to  manage. 
Easy.     Not  hard. 

Easy  of  access.     Not  hard  to  get  to. 
Exonerated.     See  Verbs. 
Facile.     Not  difficult. 
Feasible.     See  Possibility. 
For  the  million.     Any  one  can  do  the  work. 
Glib.     Smooth-tongued. 

In  one's  element.     What  one  is  best  fitted  to  dow 
In  smooth  water.     No  opposition. 
Light.     Easily  handled. 
Manageable.     Docile ;  able  to  be  controlled. 
On  friction  wheels.     On  smooth  surfaces. 
On  velvet.     Soft;  pliable. 
Open  to.     Accessible. 
Pliant.     See  Hardness-Softness.  , 


DIFFICULTY. 


283 


DIFFICULTY— FACILITY. 


DIFFICULTY—  FACILITY— Continued. 


DIFFICULTY—  Verbs— Continued. 
Hold  the  wolf  by  the  ears.     To  be  impracticable. 
Labor  under  a  disadvantage.     Find  drawbacks. 
Lead  a  pretty  dance.     To  go  through  the  movements  of  a  dance 

awkwardly. 
Lose  ones  way.     Be  at  a  loss. 
Meet  with  difficulties.     Meet  with  troubles. 
Nonplus.     To  puzzle. 

Wot  know  which  way  to  turn.  See  Uncertainty. 
Perdre  son  Latin  [F.J.  To  be  at  one's  wit's  end. 
Perplex.     See  Certainty-Doubt. 

Plunge  into  difficulties.     To  rush  headlong  into  difficulties. 
Pose.     To  puzzle;  embarrass. 
Put  a  spoke  in  the  wheel.     See  Obstruction. 
Put  one  out.     To  vex;  displease;  trouble. 
Put  to  one's  shifts.     Be  at  a  loss  what  to  do. 

Put  to  one's  wit's  end.     To  be  outwitted;  fail  to  know  what  to  do. 
Ravel.     To  ravel  up;  to  tangle  up. 
Render  difficult.     To  make  hard. 
Run  one  hard.     To  drive  one  hard. 
Scud  under  bare  poles.     To  sail  without  sails. 
Stick  at.     To  be  brought  to  a  stand  by  encountered  difficulties. 
Stick  fast.     To  be  incapable  of  going  any  further. 
Stick  in  the  mud.     Come  to  a  stand. 
Struggle.     To  put  forth  every  effort. 
Struggle  with  difficulties.)  -     .       ,     tAi.     -. .  _ - 

0    -Z : *  *v,«  -*„ f  Contend  with  obstacles. 

Swim  against  the  stream.  J 

Try  one.     To  put  one  to  a  test. 

Try  one's  patience.     To  undertake  an  intricate  task. 

Walk  among  eggs.     Walk  with  difficulty. 

Weave  a  tangled  web.     To  tangle  ourselves  up.     "What  a  tangled 

web  we  weave  when  first  we  practise  to  deceive."    [Walter  Scott, 

Marmion,  vi,  17 .] 

Difficulty — Adjectives* 
Accomplished  with  difficulty.     Hard  to  do. 
Aground.     Checked. 
Arduous.     Laborious;  toilsome. 
At  a  loss.     See  Certainty-Doubt. 
At  a  nonplus.     In  a  fix :  quandary. 
At  a  standstill.     Aground. 
At  bay.     Cornered  up,  as  a  hunted  boar. 
At  cross-purposes.      Having  different  intentions. 
At  one's  wit's  end.      Puzzled. 
At  the  end  of  one's  tether.     Having  come  to  the  end  of  the  rope  or 

string. 
Au  bout  de  son  Latin  [F.J      At  one's  wit*s  end. 
Auxabois  [F.].     At  bay. 
Awkward.     Clumsy;  unskilful. 
Beset  with  difficulties.     In  trouble. 
Between  Scylla  and  Charybdis.     Dangerous;  difficult  to  pass  without 

suffering  destruction. 
Between  two  stools.     To  try  to  do  two  things  at  once  and  fail  in  both. 
Complicated.     See  Regularity-Irregularity. 
Crabbed.     Perplexing;  difficult. 
Critical.     Careful  in  passing  judgments. 
Delicate.     See  Nouns. 

Desperate.     See  Sanguineness-Hopelessnbss. 
Difficult.     See  Difficulty. 
Difficult  to  deal  with.     Perplexing. 
Driven  from  post  to  pillar.  ~ 
Driven  into  a  corner. 

Driven  to  extremity.  \  Much  embarrassed. 

Driven  to  one's  wit's  end.  j 
Driven  to  the  wall.  J 

Embarrassing.     Obstructing;  rendering  difficult. 
Encompassed  with  difficulties.!  D       T       A 
Entangled  by  difficulties.  /  Perplexed. 

Formidable.     Dreadful;  fearful. 
Full  of  difficulties.      Difficult. 
Graveled.     Checked;  run  aground. 
Hard.     Difficult. 

Hard-earned.      Earned  with  difficulty. 
Hard-fought.    Contested  vigorously. 
Hard-pressed.      Pressed  vigorously. 
Hard  put  to  it.     In  straits. 
Hard-set.     Firmly  resolved. 
Hard  to  deal  with.     Difficult. 
Hard  up.     Poor. 

Herculean.    Like  Hercules,  first  in  strength  and  labors  for  mankind. 
Ill-conditioned.     Not  fit  for  the  contest. 
Impracticable.     See  Possibility-Impossibility. 
In  a  clever  stick.     Caught. 


FACILITY— Adjectives— Continued. 
Quite  at  home.     Well  acquainted  with  the  work. 
Slippery.     Smooth;  glossy. 
Smooth.     See  Smoothness. 
Submissive.     Obedient. 
Towardly.     Willing  to  do  or  learn. 
Tractable .     M  anageable . 
Unburdened.     Relieved  of  difficulty. 
Unembarrassed.     Free  from  difficulty. 
Unencumbered.     Not  weighed  down  by  difficulty. 
Unloaded.     See  Verbs. 
Unobstructed.     Unimpeded. 
Unrestrained.     See  Liberty. 
Untrammeled.     Not  hampered. 
Wieldy.     Controllable. 
Within  reach.     Attainable. 
Yielding.     To  give  in;  docile. 

Facility — Adverbs. 

Easily;    on  easy  terms;    readily  ;  single-handed;    smoothly;  swim- 
mingly. 

Facility— PArase. 
Touch  and  go.     Narrowly  escaping. 


DIFFICULTY— Adjectives— Continued. 
In  a  fine  pickle.     In  a  sorry  plight;  smarting  in  the  acid  of  pickle. 
In  a  fix.     In  trouble. 
In  a  scrape.     See  Get  into  a  scrape. 
In  deep  water.     Puzzled. 
In  difficulty.      In  trouble. 
In  extremis  [L.].     In  the  greatest  difficulty. 
In  hot  water.     In  trouble. 
In  the  suds.    In  worry;  in  difficulty,  as  "my  Kate,  upon  the  washing- 

day." 
In  the  wrong  box.     In  a  wrong  position. 
Intractable.     Hard  to  govern. 

Intricate.     Difficult  to  understand,  follow,  or  arrange. 
Invious.     Untrodden. 
Irksome.     Tiresome;  burdensome 
Knotted.     Made  difficult. 
Knotty.     Intricate;  complicated. 
Laborious.     Arduous. 
Labyrinthine.     See  Circle-Winding. 
More  easily  said  than  done.     Hard  to  do. 
Nonplussed.     Confused;  puzzled. 
Not  easy.     Difficult. 
Not  feasible.     See  Possibility. 
Not  made  with  rose-water.     Not  easy. 
Not  out  of  the  woods.     More  difficulties  to  be  overcome. 
Not  to  be  handled  with  kid  gloves.     Not  easily  managed. 
Onerous.     Burdensome. 
Operose.     Wrought  with  labor. 
Out  of  one's  depth.     Out  too  far  to  touch  bottom. 
Pathless.     Without  a  way  or  guide  to  get  out  of. 
Perplexing.     See  Certainty-Doubt. 
Perverse.     Intractable;  obstinate. 
Pinched.     Put  into  a  tight  place. 
Plaguy,     Troublesome;  tiresome. 
Put  to  it.     Tested;  tried. 

Put  to  one's  shifts.     Make  use  of  every  expedient. 
Puzzled.     Baffled;  put  in  a  quandary. 
Reduced  to  straits.     Pinched;  pressed. 
Refractory.     Unruly;  disobedient. 
Rugged.     Stiff;  hard. 
Run  hard.     Abused ;  overworked. 
Set  fast.     Unmovable;  unflinching. 
Sooner  said  than  done.     Hard  to  do. 
Sorely  pressed.     In  narrow  straits. 
Straitened.     Confined;  hampered. 
Stranded.     Run  aground. 
Stubborn.     See  Bigotry. 
Stuck  fast.      Caught. 
Surrounded  by  breakers. 
Surrounded  by  difficulties. 
Surrounded  by  quicksands. 
Surrounded  by  shoals. 
Thorny.     Rough;  hard  to  travel. 
Thrown  out.     Disabled:  disqualified. 
Ticklish.     Delicate;  difficult. 
Toilsome.     Burdensome;  cumbersome. 
Tough.     Very  intricate;  complicated. 
Trackless.     Untrodden. 


In  difficultieiLi 


DIFFICULTY. 


284 


DIGHT. 


DIFFICULTY— Adjectives— Continued. 


Troublesome.     Bringing  trouble. 

Trying.     Straining. 

Under  a  difficulty.    In  trouble. 


Unmanageable.     Hard  to  manage. 

Unwieldy.     Bulky;  awkward. 

Up  a  tree.     In  difficulty,  from  which  the  dogs  prevent  escape. 


Difficulty — Adverbs. 


Against   the    grain;  against   the   stream;  &  rebours    [F.IJ,  reversed; 
at  a  pinch;  at  long  odds;  hardly;  in  the  teeth  of,  not  likely  to 


escape;  invito  Minerva  [L.],  not  endowed  with  mental  capacity 
uphill;  upon  a  pinch;  with  difficulty;  with  much  ado. 


Difficulty — Phrases. 


Ab  inconvenient*  [L.].     From  the  inconvenience  involved. 

Ad  astrc  per  aspera  [L.].     To  the  stars  through  difficulties. 

Aucun  chemin  de  fleurs  ne  conduit  a   la  gloire  [F.].     There   is   no 

pathway  of  flowers  that  leads  to  glory. 
Ay,  there's  the  rub.     [Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  III,  i.] 

dif-fide'      To  distrust.     Faith-Misgiving. 

dif '-fi-dence .      Timidity.      Conceit-Diffidence,  San- 

GUINENESS-TlMIDITY. 

dif'-fi-dent.  Having  self-distrust.  Conceit-Diffi- 
dence, Sanguineness-Timidity. 

dif'-flu-ent.     Dissolving.     River- Wind. 

dif-fuse'.  To  scatter  widely.  Anatomy,  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Publicity, 
Terseness-Prolixity. 

dif-fuse'-ly.     Copiously.     Terseness-Prolixity. 

dif-fuse'-ness.  The  quality  of  being  diffuse.  Terse- 
ness-Prolixity. 

dif-fu'-sion.  A  scattering.  Gathering-Scattering, 
Mixture-Homogeneity,  Presence-Absence. 

dig.  To  turn  up  with  a  spade.  Convexity-Concav- 
ity, Deepness-Shallowness,  Domestication-Ag- 
riculture; dig  the  foundations,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation;  dig  up,  Discovery. 

dig'-a-my.   A  second  marriage.    Matrimony-Celibacy. 

di-gest'.  To  assimilate;  systematize.  Anatomy,  De- 
sign, Digest,  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Heat- 
ing -  Cooling,  Organization  -  Disorganization, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Reflection-Va- 
cancy. 

DIGEST. 

Abbreviation.     A  brief  summary;  an  abridgment. 

Abbreviature.     An  epitome;  an  abbreviation. 

Abridgment.     An  epitome  or  compend  of  a  book. 

Abstract.     An  inventory,  summary,  or  epitome. 

Analysis.     A  table  of  the  principal  heads  of  a  continued  discourse. 

Brief.     A  concise  statement  of  the  law  and  authorities. 

Compend.     A  brief  compilation. 

Compendium.     An  abridgment  or  epitome. 

Contents.     A  summary  or  index  of  the  matter  in  a  book. 

Digest.     That  which  is  worked  over,  classified,  and  arranged. 

Draft.     A  plan  delineated. 

Epitome.  A  compendium  containing  the  substance  or  principal 
matters  of  a  book. 

Outlines.     A  sketch  showing  the  principal  characteristics  of  a  work. 

Summary.  Giving  the  sum  and  substance  of  a  document  or  state- 
ment. 

Synopsis.     A  general  view  of  a  subject  or  its  treatment. 

Digest — Denotations. 

Album.     A  printed  compilation  of  selections. 

Analecta  [L.J.     Selections  or  extracts  from  a  literary  work. 

Anthology.     A  collection  of  choice  extracts  or  flowers  from  books. 

Apercu  [F-l-     A  short  sketch. 

Collectanea  [L.fl.     Passages  selected  from  various  authors. 

Common-place  book.     A  memorandum  book. 

Compilation.     A  book  or  documents  composed  of  materials  selected 

from  other  books  or  documents. 
Compression.     Condensation  of  thought  or  language  in  writing. 
Conspectus  [I  ].     A  general  sketch  or  outline  of  a  sketch. 
Contraction.     An  abbreviation  of  a  writing. 
Cuttings.     Pieces  cut  out,  as  newspaper  cuttings. 
Ezcerpta.     Passages  extracted. 
Extracts.      Passages  from  a  book  or  document. 
Flowers.     Choice  extracts. 

Fugitive  pieces.      J.  Extracts  exciting  only  passing  notice. 
Fugitive  writings.) 
Heads.     Titles  used  to  characterize  that  which  follows. 


Chercher  une  aiguille  dans  une  botte  de  join  [Fr.]. 

needle  in  a  haystack. 
Hie  labor,  hoc  opus  [L.].     This  is  labor,  that  is  toil. 
Things  are  come  to  a  pretty  pass. 


To  look  for  ft 
[Virgil,  &neid."\ 


Memorandum  book.     A  book  containing  a  record  of  things  to  be 

remembered. 
Minute.     An  official  record  of  the  proceedings  of  any  deliberative 

body. 
Multum  in  parvo  [L.].      Much  in  little;   an  abbreviation  containing 

the  idea?  of  a  passage. 
Note.     A  brief  comment  appended  to  the  text  of  a  work;    a  brief 

record. 
Note-book.     A  book  for  notes. 

Pandect.     The  digest  of  Roman  law  made  by  Justinian. 
Pricis  [F.|.     A  concise  statement. 

Prospectus.     An  outline  of  a  proposed  literary  undertaking. 
Recapitulation.     A  summing  up. 
Risumi  [F.|.     A  summary. 
Review.     An  article  containing  comments  upon  the  characteristics 

of  some  work. 
Scrap-book.     A  book  containing  clippings  from  books,  newspapers, 

etc. 
Shortening.     An  abbreviation  of  a  writing. 
Spicilegium  [L.|.     A  gleaning. 

Sum  and  substance.     An  epitome  of  the  thought  of  a  composition. 
Syllabus.     A  compendium  containing  the  heads  of  a  discourse. 
Text-book.     A  book  so  interspaced  as  to  afford  room  for  comment 

between  the  lines. 
Variorum.     Comments  by  different  authors. 

Digest — Verbs. 

Abbreviate.     To  make  briefer. 

Abridge.  To  shorten  or  contract  by  using  fewer  words,  yet  retaining 
the  substance. 

Abstract.     To  epitomize. 

Compile.  To  compose  out  of  materials  from  other  books  and  docu- 
ments. 

Compile  an  abstract.     To  make  a  summary. 

Condense.     To  compress  into  a  smaller  compass. 

Draw  an  abstract.     To  make  a  summary. 

Epitomize.     To  abstract,  in  a  summary,  the  principal  matters  of. 

Make  an  abstract.     To  make  a  summary. 

Prepare  an  abstract.     To  make  an  epitome. 

Recapitulate.     To  repeat  again  the  principal  points. 

Review.     To  go  over  again  critically  and  deliberately  to  revise. 

Run  over.     To  go  over  hastily. 

Skim.     To  pass  over  superficially. 

Summarize.     To  express  in  concise  form. 

Sum  up.     To  present  in  brief. 

D  i  gest — A  djectives. 
Abridged.     Shortened. 
Analectic.     Made  up  of  selections. 

Compendious.     Containing  the  substance  in  a  narrow  compass. 
Synoptic .     Arranged  for  giving  general  view. 

Di  gest — A  dverbs. 
In  a  few  words.     Briefly. 
In  epitome.     In  brief  summary. 
In  short.     Briefly. 
In  substance.     Essentially. 

Digest — Phrase. 
It  lies  in  a  nutshell. 

di-ges'-tion.  Act  of  digesting.  Anatomy,  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization, Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion. 

dight.  To  dress.  Dress-Undress,  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement. 


DIGHTED. 


285 


DIMNESS. 


dight'-ed.     Dressed.     Dress-Undress. 

dig'-it.     One  of  the  ten  numerals.     Number. 

dig'-i-ta"-ted.  With  parts  arranged  like  the  fingers  on 
the  hand.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

di-gla"-di-a'-tion.  A  fight  with  swords.  Stripe- 
Peace. 

dig"-ni-fi-ca'-tion.  Exaltation.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

dig'-ni-fied.  Having  dignity.  Reputation-Dis- 
_  credit,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

dig'-ni-fy.  To  add  dignity  to.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

dig'-ni-ta-ry.  One  holding  high  official  position.  Min- 
istry-Laity. 

dig'-ni-ty.  The  state  of  being  worthy.  Reputation- 
Di,scredit,  Selfrespect-Humbleness,  Upright- 
ness-Dishonesty. 

dignus  vindice  nodus  [L.]  (dig'-nus  vin'-di-st  no'-dus). 
A  knot  worthy  of  being  loosed.  [Horace,  Art  of 
Poetry,  191.]  Clearness-Obscurity,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Phenomenon. 

di-gress'.  To  turn  aside.  Aim-Aberration,  Terse- 
ness-Prolixity. 

di-gres'-sion.  The  act  of  digressing.  Aim-Aberra- 
tion, MlDCOURSE-ClRCUIT. 

di-gress'-ive.  Tending  to  digression.  Terseness- 
Prolixity. 

di"-hex-ag'-o-nal.  Twelve-sided.  Dihexagonal  pyra- 
mid, Mineralogy. 

diis  aliter  visum  [L.]  (dai-is  al'-i-ter  vai'-sum) .  To  the 
gods  it  has  seemed  otherwise.  [Virgil,  JEneid,  ii, 
428.]  Expectation -Disappointment,  Volition- 
Obligation. 

di-ju"-di-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  dijudicating.  Deci- 
sion-Misjudgment. 

dike.  A  channel;  embankment.  Attack-Defense, 
Enclosure,  Geology,  Groove,  Gulf-Plain,  Inter- 
space-Contact, Watercourse-Airpipe. 

di-lac"-er-a'-tion.  A  tearing  asunder.  Union-Disunion. 

di-lap'-i-date.  To  bring  to  decay.  *  Betterment-De- 
terioration. 

di-lap'-i-da"-ted.  Fallen  into  decay.  Betterment- 
Deterioration. 

di-lap"-i-da'-tion.  The  act  of  dilapidating.  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Creation-Destruction. 

di-la"-ta-bil'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  dilatable. 
Enlargement-Diminution. 

dil"-a-ta'-tion.     Expansion.     Solidity-Rarity. 

di-late'.  To  expand.  Enlargement  -  Diminution, 
Increase-Decrease,  Solidity-Rarity,  Terseness- 
Prolixity. 

di-la'-ting.     Expanding.     Terseness-Prolixity. 

di-la'-tion.  The  act  of  dilating.  Breadth-Narrow- 
ness, Enlargement-Diminution,  Increase-De- 
crease, Solidity-Rarity. 

dil'-a-to-ry.  Tardy.  Activity-Indolence,  Earli- 
ness-Lateness,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

di-lec'-tion.     A  preference.     Love-Hate. 

di-lem'-ma.  A  perplexing  situation.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Choice-Neutrality,  Difficulty-Facility, 
Ratiocination-Instinct. 

dJ"-et-tan'-te.  A  dabbler  in  art  and  letters.  Scholar- 
Dunce,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

dil"-et-tant'-ism.  A  dabbling  in  art  and  letters. 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

dil'-i-gence.     Industry.     Activity-Indolence. 

dil'-i-gence.     A  stage-coach.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

dil'-i-gent.  Showing  diligence.  Activity-Indolence; 
diligent  thought,  Heed-Disregard. 

dil'-ly-dal"-ly.  To  trifle.  Activity-Indolence,  De- 
termination-Vacillation. 

di-lu"-ci-da'-tion.  Clearness.  Interpretation-Mis- 
interpretation. 


dil'-u-ent.     Diluting.     Water-Air. 

di-lute'.  To  thin  by  mixing.  Strength-Weakness, 
Water-Air. 

di-lu'-ted.     Made  thin  by  mixing.     Water-Air. 

di-lu'-tion.     A  making  thinner.     Water-Air. 

di-lu'-vi-an.     Of  a  deluge.     Novelty-Antiquity. 

dim.  Not  distinct.  Clearness-Obscurity,  Diapha- 
neity-Opaqueness, Dimness,  Light-Darkness, 
Visibility-Invisibility. 

dime.     Coin.     Values. 

di-men'-sion.  Extent  in  one  direction.  Greatness- 
Littleness. 

dim'-e-ter.     Verse  of  two  feet.     Rhetoric. 

di-mid'-i-ate.     Cut  in  half.     Doubling-Halving. 

di-mid"-i-a'-tion.  The  act  of  halving.  Doubling- 
Halving. 

di-min'-ish.  To  make  less.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Enlargement-Diminution,  Increase-Decrease, 
Magnitude-Smallness;  diminish  the  number,  Mul- 
tiplicity-Paucity. 

di-min'-ished.     Made  less.     Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

dim"-i-nu'-tion.  Reduction.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion, Increase-Decrease. 

di-min'-u-tive.  Small.  Greatness-Littleness, 

Magnitude-Smallness. 

di-min"-u-en'-do.  Gradually  diminishing  in  volume  of 
sound.     Music. 

dim'-ness.     Lack  of  clearness.     Dimness. 

DIMNESS. 

Darkness,  etc.  The  state  of  being  destitute  of  light.  See  Light- 
Darkness. 

Demi-jour  [F.J.     Faint  light. 

Dimness,  etc.  The  state  or  quality  of  lacking  luster  or  brilliancy. 
See  Adjectives. 

Glimmer.     A  faint  or  feeble  light. 

Glimmering.     A  faint  beaming  of  light. 

Half-light.     An  indistinct  light. 

Nebulosity.     The  state  of  having  a  faint,  indistinct  appearance. 

Paleness,  etc.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  dim.  See  Color- 
Achromatism. 

Dimness — Denotations. 

Aurora.     The  rising  light  or  glow  of  early  morning  in  the  eastern  sky. 

Break  of  day.     The  beginning  of  daylight. 

Candle-light.     The  light  shed  by  a  candle. 

Cloud.     See  Viscidity-Foam. 

Cockshut  time.     Twilight. 

Crepuscule,     The  twilight  of  morning  or  of  evening. 

SaXeak.}Thebe«inninso£d^- 

Dusk.     The  state  between  darkness  and  light,  especially  between 

day  and  night. 
Eclipse.     The  obscuration  of  a  heavenly  body  by  its  entering  the 

shadow  of  another  body. 
Farthing  candle.     A  cheap  candle  shedding  a  dim  light. 
Firelight.     Light  from  an  open  fire. 
Moonbeam.     A  ray  of  moonlight. 
Moonlight.  I  The  Uh      f  the  moon< 
Moonshine. ) 
Owl's  light.     Twilight. 
Partial  eclipse.     A  partial  cutting  off  of  the  light  of  a  body  by  its 

coming  into  the  shadow  of  another  body. 
Partial  shadow.     The  cutting  off  of  part  of  the  light  shed  by  a  body 
Rush  light.     Light  made  by  a  rush  candle. 
Shades  of  evening.     Twilight. 
Shadow  of  a  shade.     A  very  dim  light. 
Starlight.     Light  shed  by  a  star. 
Twilight.     Light  diffused  over  the  sky  after  sunset  and  before  sunrise 

by  the   reflection  of  sunlight  from  the  higher  portions  of  the 

atmosphere. 

Dimness — Verbs. 
Be  dim,  etc.     To  be  in  a  state  of  obscurity  or  semi-darkness.     See 

Adjectives. 
Bedim.     To  render  dim  or  obscure. 
Dim.     To  cause  to  become  indistinct  or  obscure 
Fade.     To  lose  brightness;  become  dim. 
Flicker.     To  burn  with  a  wavering  motion. 
Glimmer.     To  shine  faintly. 


DIMNESS. 


286 


DIRT. 


DIMNESS— Verbs— Continued. 

€row  dim,  etc.     To  become  dim.     See  Adjectives. 

Loom.     To  shine;  rise  gradually  into  an  impressive  position 

Lower.     To  grow  less;   diminish. 

Obscure.     To  render  dim  or  indistinct. 

Pale.     To  become  faint;  indistinct. 

Pale  its  ineffectual  fire.     To  grow  dim,  as  the  glowworm  at  dawn. 

[Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  I,  v.| 
Render  dim,  etc.     To  make  dim.     See  Adjectives. 
Twinkle.     To  shine  faintly  with  unsteady  light. 

Dimness — Adjectives. 

Cloudy.     Lacking  clearness  or  brightness. 

Confused,  etc.     Rendered  indistinct.     See  Visibility-Invisibility. 

Crepuscular.     Pertaining  to  the  dawn. 

Dark,  etc.     Not  light;    without  brightness.     See  Light-Darkness. 

Darkish.     Somewhat  dark. 

Dim.     Obscure;   indistinct;  not  clear. 

Dingy.     Of  a  dark  color. 

Dirty.     Not  clean  or  clear;   indistinct. 

Dull.     Not  bright;  indistinct. 

Dun.     Dark;  obscure. 

Fading.     Becoming  dim. 

Faint.     Not  bright;  dull. 

Fuliginous.     Dark;   dusky. 

Glassy.     Having  a  fixed,  staring  appearance. 

Lack  luster.     Wanting  brightness. 

Leaden.     Of  a  dull  appearance  like  lead. 

Looming,  etc.     Shining.     See  Verbs. 

Lurid.     Gloomy;   dismal. 

Misty,  etc.     Obscure;  dim.     See  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

Huddy.     Turbid;  dull;  not  clear. 

Muggy.     Moist  and  close. 

Obnubilated.     Clouded;  obscure. 

Overcast.     Darkened;  clouded. 

Pale,  etc.     Faint  or  light  in  color.     See  Color-Achromatism. 

Shadowed  forth.     Indicated  dimly. 

Shorn  of  its  beams.     Deprived  of  its  light. 

dim'-ple.  A  slight  depression.  Convexity-Concav- 
ity, Indentation. 

dim'-sight".     Indistinct  vision.     Sight-Blindness. 

dim'-sight"-ed.  Having  dim  sight.  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity, Sight-Blindness. 

dim'-sight"-ed-ness.  The  quality  of  having  dim  sight. 
Sight-Blindness,  Sight-Dimsightedness. 

din.  A  loud  continuous  noise.  Loudness-Faint- 
ness;  din  in  the  ear,  Crash-Drumming,  Recur- 
rence, Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

di'-nar  [Ar.].     Coin.     Values. 

din'-arch-y.  A  form  of  government  in  which  two  per- 
sons rule  jointly.     Rule-License. 

dine.  To  take  dinner.  Nutriment-Excrement; 
dine  with  Duke  Humphrey,  Solitude-Company. 

di-ne'-ro  [Peru].     Coin.     Values. 

ding'-dong".  The  sound  of  a  ringing  bell.  Crash- 
Drummino,  Recurrence. 

din'-gle.    A  small  valley.    Convexity-Concavity. 

din'-gy.    A  small  boat.    Conveyance- Vessel. 

din'-gy.  Of  a  dusky  color.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Color- 
Achromatism,  Dimness,  Gray-Brown,  Light- 
Darkness,  Whiteness-Blackness. 

di'-ning-room.  A  room  to  dine  in.  Contents-Receiver. 

din'-ner.  The  chief  meal  of  the  day.  Nutriment- 
Excrement. 

dint.  A  small  depression;  force.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Impetus-Reaction,  Might-Impotence;  by 
dint  of,  Instrumentality,  Might-Impotence. 

dio,  sab  [L.]  (dai'-o,  sub).  In  the  open  air.  Outside- 
Inside,  Water-Air. 

di-oc'-e-san.     Of  a  diocese.     Ministry-Laity. 

di'-o-cese.  The  territory  under  the  jurisdiction  of  a 
bishop.     Church. 

Di-og'-e-nes .  The  Greek  philosopher  who  lived  in  a  tub. 
Humanitarianism-Misanthropy,  Sociability-Pri- 
vacy; lantern  of  Diogenes,  Investigation-Answer. 


di-op'-trics.  The  science  of  the  refraction  of  light 
Light-Darkness. 

di"-c-ra'-ma.  A  painting  for  spectacular  exhibition  in 
a  dark  room.  Appearance-Disappearance,  Paint- 
ing. 

di'-o-rism.  Definition.  Differentiation-Indiscrim- 
ination. 

di"-o-ris'-tic.  Defining.  Differentiation  -  Indis- 
crimination. 

dios  que  da  la  llaga,  da  la  medicina  [Sp.]  (di-os'  ke  da  la 
lya'-ga  da  la  me-dith-i'-na) .  God,  who  sends  the 
wound,  sends  the  cure.    Divinity,  Remedy-Bane. 

dip.  The  act  of  dipping.  Admission-Expulsion,  Aim- 
Aberration,  Ascent-Descent,  Ceremonial,  Con- 
vexity-Concavity, Elevation -Depression,  Ge- 
ology, Parallelism- Inclination,  Spring-Dive, 
Water-Air;  dip  into,  Education-Learning,  Heed- 
Disregard,  Investigation -Answer:  dip  one's 
hands   into,    Taking-Restitution. 

diph'-thong.    A  union  of  two  vowels  in  sound.    Letter. 

dip'-loid.     Form  of  crystal.     Mineralogy. 

di-plo'-ma.  A  letter  granting  some  privilege  or  honor. 
Commission-Abrogation,  Evidence-Counterevi- 
dence. 

di-plo'-ma-cy.  The  art  of  conducting  negotiations. 
Contract,  Craft-Artlessness,  Mediation. 

dip'-lc-mate .     A  diplomat.     Consignee. 

dip"-lo-mat'-ic.     Of  diplomacy.     Craft-Artlessness. 

dip"-lo-mat'-ics.     The  science  of  diplomas.  Mediation. 

di-plo'-ma-tist.  One  skilled  in  diplomacy.  Consignee, 
Mediation. 

dip"-so-ma'-ni-a.  A  morbid  craving  for  alcoholic  drink. 
Desire-Distaste,  Saneness-Lunacy,  Teetotal- 
ism-Intemperance. 

dip"-so-ma'-ni-ac.  One  having  dipsomania.  Sane- 
ness-Maniac. 

dip'-tych.  Anything  with  two  folds.  Mark-Oblitera- 
tion, Record. 

dire.  Extremely  dreadful.  Goodness  -  Badness, 
Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness,  Sanguineness  - 
Timidity,  Welfare-Misfortuxi-:. 

di-rect'.  Manage;  being  the  straightest  course.  Aim- 
Aberration,  Craft-Artlessness,  Curvatton-Rec- 
tilinearity,  Elxjcation-Misteaciiing,  Manage- 
ment, Order,  President-Member;  direct  attention 
to,  Education  -  Misteaching,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Heed-Disregard;  direct  one's  course, 
Aim-Aberration,  Quest-Evasion;  direct  the  eyes 
to,  Sight-Blindness. 

di-rect'-ed.  Having  the  direction  pointed  out.  Aim- 
Aberration. 

di-rect'-ing.     Giving  direction.     Management. 

di-rect'-ing  post.     A  post  giving  direction.     Sign. 

di-rec'-tion.  The  position  of  one  point  in  relation  to 
another.  Aim-Aberration,  Education-Misteach- 
ing,  Management,  Order,  Precept,  Sign. 

di-rect'-ly.  In  a  direct  line;  at  once.  Earliness- 
Lateness. 

di-rect'-ness.  The  quality  of  being  direct.  Curvation- 
Rectilinearity. 

di-rect'-or.  One  who  directs.  Instructor-Pupil, 
Management,  Manager. 

di-rect'-or-ship.    The  office  of  director.    Rule-License. 

di-rect'-o-ry.    Having  directions.    Council,  Record. 

dire'-ful.     Very  dire.     Sanguineness-Timidity. 

di-remp'-tion.     A  violent  breaking.     Union-Disunion. 

di-rep'-tion.    The  act  of  plundering.    Theft. 

dirge.  A  funeral  hymn.  Jubilation-Lamentation, 
Life-Funeral,  Music 

dirk.     A  dagger.     Weapon. 

dirt.  Any  unclean  substance.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Embellishment-Disfigurement;  dirt  cheap,  Cost- 
liness-Cheapness; throw  dirt,  Regard-Disrespect, 
Reputation-Discredit. 


DIRTY. 


287 


DISCIPLINE. 


dirt'-y.  Not  clean.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Diapha- 
neity-Opaqueness, Dimness,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit, Uprightness-Dishonesty  ;  dirty  end  of  stick, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  dirty  sky,  River-Wind,  Vis- 
cidity-Foam; dirty  weather,  River-Wind;  do  dirty 
work,  Flatterer-Defamer,  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness. 

di-rup'-tion.  A  breaking  asunder.  Creation-De- 
struction. 

dis"-a-bil'-i-ty.     Want  of  ability.     Might-Impotence. 

dis-a'-ble.  To  deprive  of  ability.  Might-Impotence, 
Usefulness-Uselessness. 

dis-a'-bled.    Deprived  of  power.    Might-Impotence. 

dis-a'-ble-ment.     Want  of  power.     Might-Impotence. 

dis"-a-buse'.  To  undeceive.  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy, Exposure-Hidingplace. 

dis"-ac-cord' .    Lack  of  agreement.    Variance-Accord. 

dis"-ad-van'-tage.  That  which  hinders.  Good-Evil; 
at  a  disadvantage,  Supremacy-Subordinacy;  lie 
under  a  disadvantage,  Faultlessness-Faultiness. 

dis-ad"-van-ta'-geous.  Detrimental.  Goodness:Bad- 
ness,  Propriety-Impropriety. 

dis"-af-fect'-ed.     Estranged.     Amity-Hostility. 

dis"-af-fec'-tion.  Discontent.  Amity-Hostility,  As- 
sent-Dissent, Love-Hate. 

dis"-af-firm'.     To  deny.     Assertion-Denial. 

dis"-a-gree'.  To  differ.  Assent-Dissent,  Harmony- 
Discord,  Variance-Accord. 

dis"-a-gree'-a-ble.  Not  agreeable.  Desire-Distaste, 
Pleasurableness  Painfulness. 

dis"-a-gree'-ing.  Differing.  Harmony-Discord,  Vari- 
ance-Accord. 

dis"-a-gree'-ment.  Lack  of  agreement.  Harmony- 
Discord,  Variance-Accord,  Variation. 

dis"-al-low\    To  refuse  to  allow.    Leave-Prohibition. 

dis"-al-low'-ance.  Refusal  to  allow.  Leave-Prohibi- 
tion. 

dis"-an-nul'.  To  annul  thoroughly.  Commission- 
Abrogation. 

dis"-ap-pear'.  To  pass  from  sight.  Appearance-Dis- 
appearance, Entity- Nonentity,  Substance- 
Nullity. 

dis"-ap-pear'-ance.  A  passing  from  sight.  Appear- 
ance-Disappearance. 

dis"-ap-pear'-ing.  Passing  from  sight.  Appearance- 
Disappearance. 

dis"-ap-point'-ed.  Defeated  in  expectation  or  hope. 
Contentedness-Discontentment,  Expectation- 
Disappointment. 

dis"-ap-point'-ing.  Defeating  one's  hopes.  Content- 
edness-Discontentment. 

dis"-ap-point'-ment.  The  state  of  being  disappointed. 
Contentedness-Discontentment,  Expectation- 
Disappointment. 

dis-ap"-pro-ba'-tion.  The  act  of  disapproving.  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Reputation-Discredit. 

dis"-ap-prov'-al.  The  withholding  of  approval.  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval. 

dis"-ap-prove' .  To  regard  with  censure.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Exculpation-Conviction. 

dis"-ap-proved' .  Regarded  with  censure.  Approval- 
Disapproval. 

dis"-ap-prov'-er.  One  who  disapproves.  Flatterer- 
Defamer. 

dis"-ap-prov'-ing.  Regarding  with  censure.  Appro- 
val-Disapproval. 

dis-arm'.  To  deprive  of  arms.  Compassion-Ruthless- 
ness,  Contentedness-Discontentment,  Might - 
Impotence,  Strength-Weakness. 

dis"-ar-range'.  To  disturb  the  arrangement.  Organ- 
ization-Disorganization. 

dis"-ar-ray\  Lack  of  array.  Dress-Undress,  Regu- 
larity-Irregularity. 


dis"-as-so"-ci-a'-tion.  The  act  of  disassociating. 
Union-Disunion. 

dis-as'-ter.  A  calamity.  Good-Evil,  Welfare-Mis- 
fortune. 

dis-as'-trous.  Producing    disaster.  Good-Evil, 

Goodness-Badness,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

dis"-a-vow'.  To  refuse  to  acknowledge.  Assertion- 
Denial. 

dis"-a-vow'-al.  Denial.  Assertion-Denial,  Big- 
otry-Apostasy. 

dis-band'.  To  set  free  from  bands.  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Release-Restraint,  Union-Dis- 
union. 

dis-bar'.  To  expel  from  the  bar.  Commission-Abro- 
gation, Recompense-Punition. 

dis"-be-lief.  The  act  of  not  believing.  Faith-Mis- 
giving, Godliness-Ungodliness. 

dis"-be-lieve'.  To  refuse  credence.  Faith-Misgiv- 
ing, Godliness-Disbelief. 

dis-bench'.  (Eng.  Law.)  To  take  away  the  privilege 
of  a  bencher.  Commission-Abrogatk>n,  Recom- 
pense-Punition. 

dis-bow'-el.  To  remove  the  bowels.  Admission- 
Expulsion. 

dis-branch'.     To  tear  off  branches.     Union-Disunion. 

dis-bur'-den.  To  get  rid  of  a  burden.  Alleviation- 
Aggravation,  Difficulty-Facility;  disburden 
oneself  of,  Keeping-Relinquishment;  disburden 
one's  mind,  Exposure-Hidingplace. 

dis-burse'.     To  pay  out.     Outlay-Income. 

dis-burse'-ment.  The  act  of  paying  out.  Outlay- 
Income. 

dis-card'.  To  cast  away.  Choice-Rejection,  Com- 
mission-Abrogation, Height-Lowness,  Keeping- 
Relinquishment,  Observance-Nonobser VANCE, 
Proffer-Refusal,  Quest-Relinquishment,  Use- 
Disuse;  discard  from  one's  thoughts,  Heed-Dis- 
regard. 

dis"-cep-ta'-tion.     Dispute.    Ratiocination-Instinct. 

dis-cern'.  To  see  distinctly.  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance, Sagacity-Incapacity,  Sight-Blindness. 

dis-cern'-i-ble.  Able  to  be  discerned.  Visibility- 
Invisibility. 

dis-cern'-ing.     Discriminating.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

dis-cern'-ment.  Mental  insight.  Differentiation- 
Indiscrimination,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Sight- 
Blindness. 

dis-cerp'-tion.     A  separation.     Union-Disunion. 

dis-charge'.  The  act  of  discharging.  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Commission-Abrogation,  Completion- 
Noncompletion,  Conduct,  Crash-Drumming, 
Duty-Immunity,  Electricity,  Exculpation-Con- 
viction, Nutriment -Excretion,  Push-Pull, 
Release-Restraint,  Settlement-Default,  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness; discharge  a  duty,  Duty- 
Dereliction,  Virtue-Vice;  discharge  a  function, 
Occupation,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  discharge 
an  obligation,  Observance-Nonobservancf.  ;  dis- 
charge from  the  memory,  Remembrance-Forget- 
fulness;  discharge  from  the  mind,  Heed-Disre- 
gard; discharge  itself,  River-Wind. 

dis-cind'.     To  cut  in  two.     Union-Disunion. 

dis-ci'-ple.  A  pupil.  Instructor-Pupil,  Revela- 
tion-Pseudorevelation. 

dis'-ci-pli-nal.     Of  discipline.     Education-Misteacii- 

ING. 

dis"-ci-pli-na'-ri-an.  One  who  disciplines.  Harsh- 
ness-Mildness, Instructor-Pupil. 

dis'-ci-pline.  Systematic  training.  Devotion-Idol- 
atry, Education-Misteaching,  Recompense-Puni- 
tion, Regularity-Irregularity,  Release-Re- 
straint. 


DISCLAIM. 


288 


DISCONTINUANCE— CONTINUANCE. 


dis-claim'.  To  disown.  Assertion-Denial,  Choice- 
Rejection,  Commission-Abrogation,  Commission- 
Retirement,  Proffer-Refusal. 

dis-claim'-er.  One  who  disclaims.  Assertion-De- 
nial, Proffer-Refusal. 

dis-close'.  To  uncover.  Discovery,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace;  disclose  the  secrets  of,  Patriotism- 
Treason. 

dis-closed'.      Uncovered.      Enlightenment-Secrecy, 

ExPOSURE-HlDINGPLACE,    MANIFESTATION-LATENCY. 

dis-clo'-sure.     The  act  of  disclosing.     Exposure-Hid- 

INGPLACE. 

dis'-coid.  With  the  form  of  a  disk.  Lamina-Fiber, 
Levelness,  Outside-Inside. 

dis-col'-or.     To  stain.     Betterment-Deterioration. 

dis-col"-or-a'-tion.  The  act  of  discoloring.  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Color-Achromatism. 

dis-col'-ored.  Stained.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Color-Achromatism,  Em- 
bellishment-Disfigurement. 

dis-com'-fit.     To  frustrate.     Success-Failure. 

dis-com'-fi-ture.     Failure.     Success-Failure. 

dis-com'-fort.  A  lack  of  comfort.  Pleasure-Pain, 
Sensuality-Suffering. 

dis"-com-mend'.  To  censure.  Approval-Disapproval. 

dis-com"-men-da'-tion.  Disapproval.  Approval- 
Disapproval. 

dis"-com-mode'.  To  put  to  trouble.  Obstruction- 
Help. 

dis"-com-mo'-di-ous.  Troublesome.  Propriety-Im- 
propriety. 

dis"-com-mod'-i-ty.  Inconvenience.  Propriety-Im- 
propriety. 

dis"-com-pose'.  To  render  uneasy.  Favorite-Anger, 
Heed-Disregard,  Obstruction-Help,  Pleasura- 
bleness-Painfulness,  Reputation-Discredit. 

DISCONTINUANCE- 

Abeyance.     A  state  of  temporary  extinction. 

Arrival.     A  coming  to  a  stopping-place.     See  Arrival. 

Cessation.     The  act  of  discontinuing  action  or  motion. 

Dead  lock.   \ 

Dead  stand.  fA  block  or  stoppage  of  progress  or  business. 

Dead  stop.    J 

Death.     The  ending  of  physical  life. 

Desinence .     Conclusion . 

Desistance.     The  act  or  state  of  forbearing,  or  ceasing  from. 

Discontinuance.     A  want  of  continued  connection;  a  breaking  off. 

Drop.     Stop. 

End.  The  point  in  time  at  which  some  process  ceases.  See  Begin- 
ning-End. 

Full  stop.     An  entire  stoppage  of  motion  or  progress. 

Halt.     A  stopping. 

Intermission.     Temporary  abstinence  from  work  or  a  pursuit. 

Interregnum.  Suspension  of  authority  through  a  change  of  govern- 
ment. 

Interruption.     A  breaking  in  upon. 

Lull.     An  abatement  of  noise  or  violence. 

Pause.     A  short  rest,  or  stop. 

Remission.     Relaxation  in  application  or  study. 

Respite.     An  interval  of  rest. 

Rest.     Cessation  from  labor,  exertion,  or  motion  of  any  kind. 

Stop.     The  act  of  ceasing  from  any  motion  or  course  of  action. 

Stoppage.     The  act  of  arresting  motion  or  progress;  or  the  state  of 
-     being  stopped. 
^Stopping.     See  Verbs. 

Suspense.      Delay  for  a  short  time. 

Suspension.     A  temporary  withholding,  inter.-uption,  or  cessation. 

Truce.     A  cessation  of  hostilities. 

Discontinuance — Associated  Nouns. 
Cclon.     A  punctuation-mark  used  to  denote  a  discontinuity  in  sense 

or  grammatical  construction. 
Comma.     A  punctuation-mark    indicating  the  slightest  punctuated 

separation  in  ideas  or  construction. 
Period.     A  punctuation -mark  indicating  the  greatest  separation  in 

construction. 
Semi-colon.     A  punctuation-mark  indicating  a  separation  in  ideas 

or  construction  between  that  indicated  by  the  comma  and  that 

indicated  by  the  colon. 


dis-com"-po-si'-tion.  Discomposure.  Organization- 
Disorganization. 

dis"-com-po'-sure.  A  disturbed  condition.  Pleasure- 
(  Pain. 

dis"-con-cert'.  To  confuse.  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment,  Heed-Disregard,  Obstruction-Help, 
Organization-Disorganization,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit, Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

dis"-con-cert'-ed.  Confused.  Expectation-Dis- 
appointment, Heed-Disregard,  Sanguineness» 
Hopelessness. 

dis"-con-form'-i-ty.  Want  of  conformity.  Conven- 
tion ality-Unconventionality. 

dis"-con-gru'-i-ty.  Want  oi  congruity.  Harmony- 
Discord. 

dis"-con-nect.  To  undo  connection.  Continuity- 
Interruption,  Union-Disunion. 

dis"-con-nect'-ed.  Having  connection  dissolved.  Con- 
nection -  Independence,  Continuity  -  Interrup- 
tion. 

dis"-con-nec'-tion.  The  act  of  disconnecting.  Con- 
nection -  Independence,  Continuity  -  Interrup- 
tion, Union-Disunion. 

dis-con'-so-late.  Without  consolation.  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection. 

dis-con'-so-late-ness.  The  state  of  being  disconsolate. 
Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

dis-con-tent' .  A  lack  of  content.  Contentedness- 
Discontentment. 

dis"-con-tent'-ed.  Without  content.  Assent-Dissent, 
Contentedness-Discontentment,  Pleasure-Pain. 

dis"-con-tent'-ment.  The  state  of  being  discontented. 
Contentedness-Discontentment. 

dis"-con-tin'-u-ance.  The  act  of  discontinuing.  Dis- 
continuance-Continuance, Quest-Abandonment. 

—CONTINUANCE. 
Continuance.       Unbroken    succession;    permanence    of    condition. 

habits,  etc. 
Continuation.     Unceasing  extension,  or  succession. 
Persistence.     Staying  or  continuing  quality.     See  Persistence. 
Repetition.     A  doing  or  saying  again.     See  Recurrence. 
Run.     Continuance  in  a  certain  course  or  series. 

Continuance — Verbs. 
Abide.     To  continue  stable  or  fixed. 
Carry  on.     To  promote;  to  keep  going. 

Continue.     To  be  constant ;  to  remain  as  before ;  to  keep  up. 
Die  in  harness.     To  die  in  the  midst  of  one's  ordinary  labors. 
Follow  up.     To  persist  in. 
Go  on.     To  progress;  to  hold  out. 
Harp  upon.     See  Recurrence. 
Hold  on.     To  keep  at  it. 
Hold  on  the  even  tenor  of  one's  way.     To  be  regular  in  one's  course  of 

life. 
Hold  up.     To  endure. 
Jog  on.     To  keep  on  slowly 
Keep.     To  continue  in  any  position  or  state, 

-r     "       .        f  Keep  efficient;  to  maintain. 
Keep  going.) 

Keep  on.     To  continue. 

Keep  on  foot.     To  continue  to  advance. 

Keep  the  pot  boiling.     Keep  in  force  or  action. 

Keep  up.      To  prevent  from  decrease  or  diminution. 

Keep  up  the  ball.     Continue. 

Let  be.     To  let  alone. 

Let  things  take  their  course.     Let  things  continue  their  way. 

Maintain.     To  hold  or  keep  in  any  particular  state  or  condition. 

Maintain  its  course.     Continue  its  way. 

Perpetuate.     To  cause  to  endure  forever. 

Persist.     To  remain  fixed;  to  continue  obstinately. 

Preserve.     See  Persistence. 

Pursue.     To  stick  to;  to  follow  up. 

Pursue  the  even  tenor  of  one's  way.  To  continue  life  in  an  easy, 
natural  style  or  manner.      [Gray,  Elegy,  10.] 

Quieta  non  movere  [L.].     Things  that  are  at  rest  not  to  move. 

Run  on.     To  be  continued  or  kept  up;  to  keep  up. 

Stare  super  antiquas  vias  [L.].  To  keep  up  the  old  habits  or  cus- 
toms.    [Bacon,  Bible,  Jeremiah,  vi,  x6.] 


DISCONTINUANCE. 


289 


DISCOVERY. 


DISCONTINUANCE— CONTINUANCE— Continued. 


Discontinuance — Verbs. 

Arrest.     To  put  an  end  to  the  motion  or  action  of. 

Arrive.     See  Arrival. 

Be  at  an  end.     End. 

Break  off.     To  separate  by  rupture  or  violence. 

Bring  to  a  stand.       )  ™    ,    .  ,    ..     ,    .  , 

Bring  to  a  standstill.  /  To  bnng  to  a  haIt ;  to  ,mpede- 

Cease.     To  put  a  stop  to;  to  come  to  an  end. 

Come  to  a  dead-lock.  \  — ,  , 

„  ,  „    .  f Come  to  an  end. 

Come  to  a  full  stop.    ) 

Come  to  a  stand.        \  „  ,    1t 

„  j  ..,1  i  Come  to  a  halt. 

Come  to  a  standstill. ) 

Cut  short.     To  bring  to  an  end. 

Desist.     To  cease  from  action  or  progress. 

Die  away.     To  gradually  decrease. 

Discontinue.     To  break  the  continuity  of. 

Give  over.     To  act  no  further. 

Give  up.     See  Quest-Abandonment. 

Go  out.     To  become  extinguished. 

Halt.     To  come  to  a  stop. 

Hang  fire.     To  delay  in  discharging  as  a  blast  or  gun. 

Have  done  with.     To  have  finished. 

Hold.     To  keep  in  check. 

Hold  one's  hand.     To  keep  from  action. 

Intermit.     To  cease,  or  cause  to  cease  temporarily. 

Interpel.     To  break  in  upon. 

Interrupt.     To  check  by  breaking  in  upon  the  course  or  progress  of. 

Intromit.     To  interfere  with  another's  business. 

Leave  off .     To  forsake;  desist  from. 

Pass  away.     See  Future-Past. 

Pause.     To  cease  temporarily. 

Pull  the  check-string.     To  signal  to  stop,  as  in  a  coach. 

Pull  up.     To  halt. 

Put  an  end  to.     1 

Put  a  period  to.    >  To  stop. 

Put  a  stop  to.      J 

Remit.     To  give  up;  to  resign. 

Repose  on  one's  laurels.     To  rest  satisfied  with  one's  achievements. 

Rest.     To  quit  from  motion  or  action  temporarily. 

Rest  on  one's  oars.     To  be  idle  for  a  while. 

Shut  up  shop.     To  give  up  any  endeavor. 

Stay.     To  restrain  from  proceeding. 

Stay  one's  hand.     To  step;  to  cease  from. 

Stem  the  tide.     To  check  the  course  of. 

dis"-con-tin'-ue.  To  bring  to  an  end.  Continuity- 
Interruption,  Discontinuance-Continuance. 

dis"-con-ti-nu'-i-ty.  Want  of  continuity.  Continuity- 
Interruption,  Union-Disunion. 

dis"-con-tin'-u-ous.  Lacking  continuity.  Continuity- 
Interruption. 

dis'-cord.  Strife.  Amity-Hostility,  Cacophony, 
Harmony-Discord,  Melody-Dissonance,  Regu- 
larity-Irregularity, Variance-Accord. 

dis-cord'-ance.  A  discordant  condition.  Assent-Dis- 
sent, Harmony-Discord,  Melody-Dissonance. 

dis-cord'-ant.  Not  agreeing.  Cacophony,  Color- 
Achromatism,  Connection-Independence,  Har- 
mony-Discord, Melody-Dissonance,  Variation- 
Accord. 

dis-cord'-ant-ly.  In  a  discordant  way.  Harmony- 
Discord. 

dis-count'.  To  deduct  a  portion.  Increase-Decrease, 
Money. 

dis'-count.  An  amount  deducted.  Increment-Decre- 
ment, Modification,  Price-Discount;  at  a  dis- 
count, Approval-Disapproval,  Price-Discount, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

dis-coun'-te-nance.  To  disapprove.  Obstruction- 
Help,  Proffer-Refusal. 

dis-count'-ing.    Counting  off.    Price-Discount. 

dis-cour'-age.  To  destroy  courage.  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection,  Motive-Dehortation,  Sanguine- 
ness-Timidity. 

dis-cour'-aged.  Deprived  of  courage.  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection. 

dis-course'.  A  formal  address.  Ceremonial,  Con- 
19 


CONTI  NUANCE— Verbs— Continued. 

Stick  to.     To  persevere. 
Sustain.     To  maintain;  to  keep  up. 
Take  its  course.     Pursue  its  way. 
Uphold.     To  support. 

Continuance — Adjectives. 
Continuing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Inconvertible.     Not  capable  of  being  changed  into  something  else 
Sustained.     Upheld;  continued. 
Undying.     See  Eternity. 
Unintermitting.     Unceasing. 
Uninterrupted.     Unbroken  in  connection. 
Unreversed.     Unchanged. 
Unrevoked.     Not  annulled. 
Unshifting.     Stable. 
Unstopped .     Not  checked . 
Unvaried.     Unaltered. 
Unvarying.     Constant. 

Continuance — Interjection. 
Right  awayl     Immediately! 

Continuance — Phrases. 
Labitur,  et  labetur  [L.].     It  (a  river  and  time)  flows  and  it  will  flow. 

[Horace,  Epistles,  I,  ii,  43.] 
Nolumus   leges  Anglite   mutari  [L.].     We  do  not  wish  the  laws  of 

England  to  be  changed.      [English  peers  in  Parliament.] 
Tenez  [F.l.     Hold;  wait. 
Vestigia  nulla  retrorsum    [L.].      No  footsteps  backward.     [Horace, 

Epistles,  I,  i,  74.] 


DISCONTINUANCE—  Verbs—  Continued. 
Stem  the  torrent.     To  restrain  the  force  of. 
Stick.     To  refrain  from  further  motion;  to  be  checked. 
Stop.     To  leave  off  entirely;  to  hinder  from  acting  or  moving. 
Stop  short.     To  cease  abruptly. 
Surcease.     To  put  at  an  end ;  or  be  at  an  end. 
Suspend.     To  withhold  temporarily;  to  cause  to  cease  for  a  while. 
Wear  away.     To  diminish  or  impair  by  gradual  attrition. 
Wear  off.     To  diminish  by  rubbing. 

Discontinuance — Interjections. 
A  truce  to  1  avast  I  enough  1  have  done  I  hold  I  leave  off  1  soft  I  stop! 

versation-Monologue,  Education-Misteaching, 
Essay,  Speech-Inarticulateness. 

dis-cours'-ive.  Of  a  conversational  character.  Con- 
versation-Monologue, Essay. 

dis-cour'-te-ous.  Lacking  in  courtesy.  Politeness- 
Impoliteness. 

dis-cour'-te-ous-ly.     In  a  discourteous  manner. 

dis-cour'-te-sy.  Rude  conduct.  Politeness-Impo- 
liteness, Regard-Disrespect. 

dis'-cous.     Like  a  disk.     Breadth-Narrowness. 

dis-cov'-er.  To  have  first  knowledge  of.  Discovery, 
Exposure-Hidingplace,  Investigation-Answer, 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Sight-Blindness;  discover 
itself,  Exposure-Hidingplace,  Visibility-Invisi- 
bility. 

dis-cov'-er-y.  The  act  of  discovering.  Discovery, 
Investigation-Answer,  Knowledge-Ignorance. 

DISCOVERY. 

Detection.     The  laying  open  what  was  concealed  or  hidden. 

Discovery.  Act  of  exposing  to  view  or  finding  out  something  pre- 
viously unknown. 

Disenchantment.  Act  of  delivering  from  the  power  of  charms  and 
spells. 

Trover.     Gaining  possession  of  anything  by  finding. 

Discovery — Verbs. 

Burn.     To  approach  near  to  a  concealed  object  which  is  sought. 

Catch.     To  come  upon  by  surprise. 

Detect.     To  find  out;  bring  to  light. 

Determine.     To  find  out  the  specific  character  or  name  of. 

Disclose.     To  remove  a  cover  or  envelope  from. 

Discover.     To  obtain  for  the  first  time  sight  or  knowledge  of. 

Disinter.     To  bring  out,  as  from  a  grave  or  hiding-place. 


DISCOVERY. 


290 


DISESTABLISH. 


Educe.     To  cause  to  appear. 
Elicit.      To  bring  to  light. 
Evolve.     To  open  and  expand. 
Fathom.     To  penetrate;  to  get  to  the  bottom  of. 
Find.     To  come  upon  by  seeking. 

Identify.     To  prove  to  be  the  same  with  something  known. 
Interpret.     To  explain  or  tell  the  meaning  of. 
Realize.     To  bring  into  concrete  existence. 

Recognize.     To  perceive  the  identity  of,  with  a  person  or  thing  pre- 
viously known. 
Resolve .     To  clear  up ,  or  dispel ,  as  doubt . 
Scent.     To  perceive  by  the  sense  of  smell. 
Smoke.     To  smell  out;  to  find  out. 
Snuff.     To  perceive  by  the  nose. 

Solve.     To  clear  up  what  is  obscure  or  difficult  to  be  understood. 
Trace.     To  find  by  footsteps,  tracks  or  tokens. 
Unearth.     To  bring  out  from  concealment. 
Unlock.     To  lay  open. 

Unravel.     To  clear  from  complication  or  difficulty. 
Unriddle.     To  solve  or  explain. 
Verify,     To  establish  the  truth  of  by  examination . 

Discovery — Verbal  Expressions. 

Arrive  at  the  truth;  be  near  the  truth;  bring  out;  bring  to  light; 
catch  tripping,  to  come  upon  unexpectedly;  come  across;  dig  up; 
draw  out;  fall  in  with;  fall  upon;  find  a  clue;  find  a  clue  to;  find 
out;  fish  out;  fish  up;  fix  upon;  get  at;  get  at  the  truth;  grub  up; 
have  it;  hit  it;  hit  the  right  nail  on  the  head;  hit  upon;  hunt  out; 
lay  one's  finger  upon;  lay  one's  hands  upon;  light  upon;  make 
certain  of;  meet  with;  open  the  eyes  to;  open  the  lock;  pick  the 
lock;  pitch  upon;  pop  upon;  put  the  saddle  on  the  right  horse; 
root  out;  see  daylight;  see  in  its  true  colors;  see  the  cloven  foot; 
see  through;  smell  a  rat;  stumble  upon;  trace  out;  worm  out. 

Discovery — Interjection. 
Eureka  [Gr.]      I  have  found  it.    [Archimedes.     Motto  of  California.] 

dis-cred'-it.  The  act  of  discrediting.  Faith-Mis- 
giving, Reputation-Discredit. 

dis-cred'-i-ta-ble.  Harmful  to  credit.  Reputation- 
Discredit,'  Virtue-Vice. 

dis-creet'.  Having  discernment.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Recklessness-Caution. 

dis-crep'-an-cy.  Difference  between  contrasted  things. 
Harmony-Discord. 

dis-crep'-ant.     Discordant.     Harmony-Discord. 

dis-crete'.  Not  connected  with  others.  Union-Dis- 
union. 

dis-cre'-tion.  Ability  to  act  with  prudence.  Choice- 
Neutrality,  Recklessness-Caution,  Skill-Un- 
skilpulness,  Volition-Obligation;  surrender  at 
discretion,  Yielding;  years  of  discretion,  Manhood. 

discretion,  a  [F.]  (dis-crd-si-on',  a).  At  discretion. 
Volition-Obligation. 

dis-cre'-tion-al.  At  discretion.  Choice-Neutrality, 
Volition-Obligation. 

dis-cre'-tion-a-ry.  Left  to  discretion.  Liberty-Sub- 
jection, Volition-Obligation. 

dis-crim'-i-nate.  To  note  differences.  Differentia- 
tion -  Indiscrimination,  Sagacity  -  Incapacity, 
Taste-Vulgarity,  Variation. 

dis-crim'-i-na"-ting.  Noting  differences.  Differen- 
tiation-Indiscrimination. 

dis-crim"-i-na'-tion.  The  act  of  discriminating.  Dif- 
ferentiation-Indiscrimination, Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity, Variation. 

dis-crim'-i-na-tive.  Making  distinctions.  Differen- 
tiation-Indiscrimination, Variation. 

dis-cul'-pate.     To  exonerate.     Justification-Charge. 

dis-cum'-bence.    Discumbency.    Erectness-Flatness. 

dis-cum'-ben-cy.  The  habit  of  reclining  at  meals. 
Erectness-Flatness. 

dis-cur'-sion.  A  running  about.  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion. 

dis-cur'-sive.  Wandering  from  the  subject.  Aim- 
Aberration,  Conversation-Monologue,  Essay, 
Ratiocination  -  Instinct,  Terseness  -  Prolixity, 
Travel-Navigation. 


dis-cur'-so-ry.  Argumentative.  Ratiocination-In- 
stinct. 

dis'-cus.  A  quoit.  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Push-Pull. 

dis-cuss'.  To  debate.  Essay,  Investigation-Answer, 
Nutriment-Excretion,  Ratiocination-Instinct, 
Reflection-Vacancy. 

dis-cus'-sion.  A  debate.  Essay,  Investigation- 
Answer,  Ratiocination-Instinct;  open  to  discus- 
sion, Certainty-Doubt;  under  discussion,  Investi- 
gation-Answer. 

dis-dain'.  To  hold  unworthy  of  regard.  Regard- 
Scorn,  Unconcern. 

dis-dain'-ful.  Filled  with  disdain.  Selfrespect- 
Humbleness. 

dis-ease'.  A  lack  of  health.  Health-Sickness;  dis- 
eased mind,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

dis-eased'.     Having  disease.     Health-Sickness. 

dis-em-bark'.     To  land.     Arrival-Departure. 

dis-em"-bar-ka'-tion.  The  act  of  landing.  Arrival- 
Departure. 

dis"-em-bar'-rass.  To  relieve  of  embarrassment.  Dif- 
ficulty-Facility. 

dis"-em-bar'-rassed.  Freed  from  embarrassment.  Dif- 
ficulty-Facility. 

dis"-em-bod'-ied.  Freed  from  the  body.  Materiality- 
Spirituality. 

dis"-em-bod'-y.  To  free  from  the  body.  Composition- 
Resolution,  Gathering-Scattering,  Material- 
ity-Spirituality. 

dis"-em-bogue'.  To  pour  out.  Entrance-Exit, 
River-Wind. 

dis"-em-bow'-el.  To  remove  the  bowels.  Admission- 
Expulsion. 

dis"-em-broil' .  To  relieve  of  confusion.  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization. 

dis"-en-a'-ble .    To  disable.     Might-Impotence. 

dis"-en-chant'.  To  free  from  enchantment.  Motive- 
Dehortation,  Pleasurableness-Pain fulness. 

dis"-en-chant'-ment.  Freedom  from  enchantment. 
Discovery. 

dis"-en-cum'-ber.  To  disburden.  Difficulty-Facility. 

dis"-en-cum'-bered.  Freed  from  a  burden.  Diffi- 
culty-Facility. 

dis"-en-cum'-ber-ment.  Freedom  from  encumbrance. 
Difficulty-Facility. 

dis"-en-cum'-brance.  Freedom  from  encumbrance. 
Difficulty-Facility. 

dis"-en-dow'.  To  deprive  of  endowment.  Commission- 
Abrogation. 

dis"-en-dow'-ment.  Deprivation  of  endowment.  Com- 
mission-Abrogation. 

dis"-en-gage'.  To  set  free.  Difficulty-Facility, 
Release-Restraint,  Union-Disunion. 

dis"-en-gaged'.     At  liberty.     Proffer-Refusal. 

dis"-en-gage'-ment.  The  act  of  disengaging.  Re- 
lease-Restraint, Union-Disunion. 

dis"-en-tan'-gle.  To  free  from  tangles.  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Interpretation  -  Misinterpretation, 
Mixture-Homogeneity,  Organization-Disorgan- 
ization, Release-Restraint,  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion, Union-Disunion. 

dis"-en-tan'-gle-ment.  Freedom  from  tangles.  Dif- 
ficulty-Facility. 

dis"-en-thrall'.     To  set  free.      Release-Restraint. 

dis"-en-throne'.     To  dethrone.      Commission-Abroga- 
tion. 
dis"-en-ti'-tle.     To  deprive  of  title.     Dueness-Undue- 

ness. 
dis"-en-ti'-tled.     Deprived  of  title.     Dueness-Undue- 

ness. 
dis"-es-pouse\     To  divorce.     Matrimony-Divorce. 
dis"-es-tab'-lish.     To  deprive  of  a  fixed  state.     Com- 
mission-Abrogation, Establishment-Removal. 


DISESTABLISHMENT. 


291 


DISMAST. 


dis"-es-tab'-lish-ment.     The     act     of     disestablishing. 

Commission-Abrogation. 
dis"-es-teem' .      To  dislike.      Approval-Disapproval, 

Regard-Disrespect. 
dis"-es-ti-ma'-tion.    Disesteem.     Regard-Disrespect. 

diseur  de  bons  mots  [F.]  (di-zur'de  botv  mo).  A  sayer 
of  good  things.     Wag. 

dis-fa'-vor.  To  withdraw  favor.  Antagonism-Con- 
currence, Love-Hate;  view  with  disfavor,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval. 

dis-fig'-ure.     To  mar  the  figure.     Beauty-Ugliness, 
Betterment- Deterioration,        Embellishment-  - 
Disfigurement,  Form-Formlessness. 

dis-fig'-ured.     Deformed.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

dis-fig'-ure-ment.  That  which  disfigures.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Form- 
Formlessness. 

dis-fran'-chise.  To  take  away  a  franchise.  Dueness- 
Undueness. 

dis-fran'-chised.  Deprived  of  franchise.  Dueness- 
Undueness. 

dis-gorge'.  To  eject.  Admission-Expulsion,  Settle- 
ment-Default, Taking-Restitution. 

dis-grace'.  A  loss  of  favor.  Reputation-Discredit, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty;  sense  of  disgrace,  Self- 
respect-Humbleness. 

dis-graced'.  Deprived  of  favor.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

dis-grace'-ful.  Causing  disgrace.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit, Uprightness-Dishonesty,  Virtue-Vice. 

dis-guise'.  To  alter  the  appearance  of.  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Exposure-Hidingplace,  Truth- 
fulness-Fabrication, Truthfulness-Falsehood, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

dis-guised'.  Changed  in  appearance.  Teetotalism- 
Intemperance,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

dis-guise'-ment.     Disguise.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

dis-gust'.  Repugnance  for  anything  offensive.  De- 
sire-Distaste, Entertainment-Weariness,  Pal- 
atableness-Unpalatableness,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness;  disgust  of  life,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Love-Hate.    . 

dis-gust'-ing.  Serving  to  excite  disgust.  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Love-Hate,  Pleas  urableness-Painfulness. 

dish.  A  vessel  for  serving  food.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Creation-Destruction,  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion; dish  of  tea,  Sociability-Privacy. 

dis"-ha-bille'.  Negligent  dress.  Dress-Undress, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

dis-heart'-en.  To  discourage.  Contentedness-Dis- 
contentment,  Lightheartedness  -  Dejection, 

Motive-Dehortation. 

dis-heart'-ened.  Deprived  of  courage.  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection. 

dis-heart'-en  -ing.  Discouraging.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

dished.     Badly  used  up.     [Slang.]     Success-Failure. 

di-shev'-el.  To  disarrange.  Crossing,  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization. 

di-shev'-eled.  Disarranged.  Cohesion-Looseness, 
Gathering-Scattering. 

dis-hon'-est.  Wanting  in  honesty.  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

dis-hon'-est-ly.  In  a  dishonest  way.  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

dis-hon'-es-ty.  Lack  of  honesty.  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

dis-hon'-or.  Lack  of  honor.  Regard-Disrespect, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Patriotism-Treason,  Set- 
tlement-Default. 

dis-hon'-or-a-ble.  Bringing  dishonor.  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

dish'-wat"-er.  Water  in  which  dishes  have  been 
washed.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 


dis-in"-cli-na'-tion.  Lack  of  inclination.  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Readiness-Reluctance. 

dis"-in-cline'.  To  render  unwilling.  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Motive-Dehortation. 

dis"-in-clined'.  Indisposed.  Desire-Distaste, 

Readiness-Reluctance. 

dis"-in-f ect' .  To  free  from  infection.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Renovation-Relapse. 

dis"-in-fect'-ant.     Anything   that   disinfects.     Clean 
ness-Filthiness,  Remedy-Bane,  Renovation-Re- 
lapse. 

dis"-in-fec'-tion.  The  act  of  disinfecting.  Clean- 
ness-Filthiness. 

dis"-in-gen'-u-ous.  Not  ingenuous.  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

dis"-in-her'-it.  To  deprive  of  inheritance.  Alien- 
ation. 

dis-in'-te-grate.  To  break  in  pieces.  Friability, 
Union-Disunion. 

dis"-in-te-gra'-tion.  The  act  of  disintegrating.  Fri- 
ability, Union-Disunion.  ) 

dis-in-ter'.     To  dig  up.     Discovery,  Life-Funeral. 

dis-in'-ter-est-ed.  The  qualitv  of  being  free  from  self- 
interest.     Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

dis"-in-ter'-ment.  The  act  of  disinterring.  Life- 
Funeral.  -^- 

disjecta   membra    [L.]    (dis-jec'-to.    mem'-bra).     Scat-* 
tered    members.     Gathering-Scattering,     Regu- 
larity-Irregularity,   Union-Disunion. 

disjecta  membra  poetce  [L.]  (dis-jec'-ta  mem'-bra 
po-i'-ti).  A  poet's  disjointed  writings.  Poetry-Prose. 

dis-join'.     To  sunder.     Union-Disunion. 

dis-joined'.     Sundered.     Union-Disunion. 

dis-joint'.     Out  of  joint.     Union-Disunion. 

dis-joint'-ed.  Having  the  joints  separated.  Might- 
Impotence,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

dis-junc'-tion.  Disunion.  Cohesion-Looseness, 
Composition-Resolution,  Continuity-Interrup- 
tion,    Gathering-Scattering,     Union-Disunion. 

dis-junc'-tive.  Tending  to  separate.  Particle, 
Union-Disunion. 

disk.  Any  flat,  round  plane.  Anteriority-Pos- 
teriority, Outside-Inside. 

dis-kind'-ness.  Lack  of  kindness.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

dis-like'.  Aversion.  Amity-Hostility,  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Desire-Distaste,  Readiness-Re- 
luctance. 

dis-liked'.     Regarded  with  aversion.     Love-Hate. 

dis-li'-king.     Having  aversion  for.     Desire-Distaste. 

dis'-lo-cate.  To  put  out  of  joint.  Organization-Dis- 
organization, Union-Disunion. 

dis'-lo-ca"-ted.  Out  of  joint.  Regularity-Irregu- 
larity. 

dis"-lo-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  displacing.  Establish- 
ment-Removal, Organization-Disorganization, 
Union-Disunion. 

dis-lodge'.  To  eject.  Admission-Expulsion,  Estab- 
lishment-Removal. 

dis-lodg'-ment.  The  act  of  dislodging.  Admission- 
Expulsion. 

dis-loy'-al.  False  to  obligations.  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

dis-loy'-al-ty.  Lack  of  loyalty.  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

dis'-mal.  Cheerless.  Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

disrinan'-tle.  To  deprive  of  furniture.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Creation-Destruction,  Dress- 
Undress,  Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Use-Dis- 
use, Usefulness-Uselessness.. 

dis-mask'.     To  unmask.     Exposure-Hidingplace. 

dis-mast'.  To  deprive  of  a  mast.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 


DISMAY. 


292 


DISPROPORTION. 


dis-may'.     To  take  away  one's  courage.     Sanguine- 

NESS-TlMIDITY. 

dis-mem'-ber.  To  tear  part  from  part.  Gathering- 
_  Scattering,  Union-Disunion. 

dis-mem'-ber-ment.  The  act  of  dismembering.  Union- 
Disunion. 

dis-miss'.  To  discharge.  Commission-Abrogation, 
Keeping-Relinquishment,  Recompense-Punition, 
Release-Restraint,  Use-Disuse;  dismiss  from  the 
mind,  Heed-Disregard,  Reflection-Vacancy. 

dis-miss'-al.  Discharge.  Commission-Abrogation, 
Release-Restraint. 

dis-mount'.  To  descend.  Arrival-Departure, 
Ascent-Descent,  Usefulnkss-Uselessness. 

dis"-c-be'-di-ence.  Lack  of  obedience.  Insubordi- 
nation-Obedience, Law-Lawlessness,  Observ- 
ance-Nonobservance. 

dis"-o-be'-di-ent.  Not  obedient.  Insubordination- 
Obedience. 

dis"-o-bey'.  To  fail  to  obey.  Defiance,  Insubor- 
dination-Obedience. 

dis"-o-blige'.  To  refuse  to  oblige.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

dis"-o-bli'-ging.  Not  obliging.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

dis-or'-der.  Lack  of  order.  Form-Formlessness, 
Health -Sickness,  Organization  -  Disorganiza- 
tion, Regularity-Irregularity;  disordered  intel- 
lect, Saneness-Lunacy. 

dis-or'-der-ly.  Disreputable.  Regularity-Irregu- 
larity, Turbulence-Calmness,  Virtue-Vice. 

dis'-or"-gan-i-za'-tion.  The  act  of  disorganizing.  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration, Creation-Destruction. 

dis-or'-gan-ize.  To  destroy  organization.  Better- 
ment -  Deterioration,  Creation  -  Destruction, 
Organization-Disorganization. 

dis-own'.     To  refuse  to  own.     Assertion-Denial. 

dis-pair'.     To  separate.     Union-Disunion. 

dis-pan'-sion.  A  spreading  out.  Enlargement- 
Diminution. 

dis-par'-age.  To  regard  slightingly.  Adulation- 
Disparagement,  Approval-Disapproval,  Over- 
valuation-Undervaluation, Regard-Disrespect. 

dis-par'-age- ment.  The  act  of  disparaging.  Adula- 
tion-Disparagement, Approval-Disapproval,  Re- 
gard-Disrespect. 

dis-par'-a-ging.  Regarding  slightingly.  Adulation- 
Disparagement,  Approval-Disapproval,  Regard- 
Disrespect. 

dis'-pa-rate.  Unlike.  Equality-Inequality,  Like- 
ness-Unlikeness,  Union-Disunion. 

dis-par'-i-ty.  Inequality.  Harmony-Discord,  Like- 
ness-Unlikeness,  Union-Disunion,  Variation. 

dis-part'.     To  separate.     Union-Disunion. 

dis-pas'-sion.  Freedom  from  passion.  Excitability- 
Inexcitability. 

dis-pas'-sion-ate.  Without  passion.  Excitability- 
Inexcitability;  dispassionate  opinion,  Faith-Mis- 
giving. 

dis-patch'.  The  act  of  dispatching.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Circle-Winding,  Completion-Noncomple- 
tion,  Conduct,  Life-Killing,  Missive-Publica- 
tion, Nutriment-Excretion,  Order,  Tidings- 
Mystery. 

dis-pel'.  To  disperse.  Attraction-Repulsion,  Crea- 
tion -  Destruction,  Establishment  -  Removal, 
Gathering-Scattering. 

dis-pen'-sa-ble.  Capable  of  being  distributed.  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness. 

dis-pen'-sa-ry.  A  place  where  medicine  is  kept. 
Remedy-Bane. 

dis"-pen-sa'-tion.  A  distribution.  Assignment, 
Duty-Immunity,  Giving-Receiving,  Keeping-Re- 


linquishment, Leave-Prohibition,  Order;  dis- 
pensations of  Providence,    Divinity. 

dis-pense'.  To  distribute.  Assignment,  Blyixg- 
Sale,  Gathering-Scattering,  Giving-Receiving; 
dispense  with,  Duty-Immunity,  Leave-Prohibition, 
Use-Disuse  ;  can  not  be  dispensed  with,  Need. 

dis-peo'-ple.  To  depopulate.  Admission-Exclusion, 
Sociability-Privacy. 

dis-perse'.  To  scatter.  Composition-Resolution, 
Concentration-Radiation,  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing, Provision-Waste,  Union-Disukion. 

dis-per'-sion.  The  act  of  dispersing.  Composition- 
Resolution,  Concentration-Radiation,  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution, Gathering-Scattering,  Light- 
Darkness,  Provision-Waste,  Union -Disunion; 
chromatic  dispersion,  Color-Achromatism. 

dis-pir'-it.  To  depress  in  spirits.  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection,  Motive-Dehortation. 

dis-place'.  To  put  out  of  place.  Chemistry,  Estab- 
lishment-Removal, Organization-Disorganiza- 
tion, Swiftness-Slowness. 

dis-placed'.  Out  of  place.  Establishment-Removal, 
Organization-Disorganization,  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness. 

dis-place'-ment.  The  act  of  displacing.  Establish- 
ment-Removal, Mutation-Permanence,  Trans- 
fer. 

dis-pla'cen-cy.  The  condition  of  being  displeased. 
Approval-Disapproval  Desire-Distaste,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness. 

dis-plant'.     To  root  up.     Establishment-Removal. 

dis-play'.  A  show.  Appearance-Disappearance, 
Manifestation-Latency,  Pomp. 

dis-please'.  To  offend.  Pleasurablenfss-Painful- 
ness. 

dis-pleased'.     Offended.     Pleasure-Pain. 

dis-pleas'-ing.      Offending.      Pleasurableness-Pajn- 

FULNESS. 

dis-pleas'-ure.  A  feeling  of  anger.  Favorite-Anger, 
Pleasure-Pain. 

dis-plo'-sion.     An  explosion.     Turbulence-Calmness. 

dis-plume'.  To  deprive  of  plumes.  Taking-Restitu- 
tion. 

dis-port'.     To  divert.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

dis-po'-sal.  The  act  of  disposing.  Buying-Sale, 
Organization-Disorganization,  Use-Disuse;  at 
one's  disposal,  Holding-Exemption,  Organization- 
Disorganization. 

dis-pose'.  To  set  in  order.  Inclination,  Motive- 
Caprice,  Organization-Disorganization;  dispose 
of,  Buying-Sale,  Completion-Noncompletion, 
Giving  -  Receiving,  Keeping  -  Relinquishment, 
Use-Disuse. 

dis-posed'.  With  a  particular  disposition.  Affec- 
tions, Motive-Caprice,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

dis"-pc-si'-tion.  The  act  of  disposing.  Affections, 
Organization-Disorganization,  Readiness-Re- 
luctance, Regularity-Irregularity. 

dis"-pos-sess'.  To  deprive  of  possession.  Alien- 
ation, Taking-Restitution;  dispossess  oneself  of, 
Keeping-Relinquishment. 

dis"-pos-sessed'.  Deprived  of  self-possession.  Gain- 
Loss. 

dis"-pos-sess'-ion.  The  act  of  dispossessing.  Taking- 
Restitution. 

dis-praise'.  To  speak  of  with  censure.  Approval- 
Disapproval. 

dis-pread'.     To  expand.     Gathering-Scattering. 

dis-prize'.  To  undervalue.  Overvaluation-Under- 
valuation. 

dis-proof.  Refutation.  Evidence-Counterevi- 
dence,  Proof-Disproof. 

dis"-pro-por'-tion.  Lack  of  proportion.  Harmony- 
Discord. 


DISPROPORTIONATE. 


293 


DISSONANCE. 


dis"-pro-por'-tion-ate.  Out  of  proportion.  Harmony- 
Discord. 

dis"-pro-por'-tion-ate-ness.  The  state  of  being  out  of 
proportion.     Harmony-Discord. 

dis"-pro-por'-tioned.  Not  matched.  Harmony-Dis- 
cord. 

dis-prove'.     To  refute.     Proof-Disproof. 

dis'-pu-ta-ble.  Liable  to  be  disputed.  Faith-Misgiv- 
ing. 

dis'-pu-tant.  One  who  disputes.  Antagonist- 
Assistant,  Belligerent,  Ratiocination-Instinct, 
Variance-Accord. 

dis"-pu-ta'-tion.  Controversy.  Ratiocination-In- 
stinct. 

dis"-pu-ta'-tious.  Given  to  controversy.  Favorite- 
Quarrelsomeness,  Ratiocination-Instinct,  Vari- 
ance-Accord. 

dis-pute'.  A  discussion.  Assertion-Denial,  Faith- 
Misgiving,  Litigation,  Ratiocination-Instinct, 
Variance-Accord;  in  dispute,  Investigation- 
Answer. 

dis-qual"-i-fi-ca'-tion.  Want  of  qualification.  Might- 
Impotence,  Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness. 

dis-qual'-i-fied.  Made  unfit.  Dueness-Undueness, 
Might-Impotence,  Preparation-Nonpreparation, 
Skill-Unskilfulness. 

dis-qual'-i-fy.  To  make  unfit.  Dueness-Undueness, 
Might-Impotence,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

dis-qui'-et.  Restlessness.  Agitation,  Excitability- 
Inexcitability,    Mutability-Stability,   Pleasur- 

ABLENESS- PaINFULNESS,       PLEASURE  -  PAIN,      SAN  - 

GUINENESS-TlMIDITY. 

dis-qui'-e-tude.  Want  of  quiet.  Excitability-Inex- 
citability,  Mutability-Stability,  Sanguineness- 
Timidity. 

dis"-qui-si'-tion.     A  dissertation.     Essay. 

dis"-qui-si'-tion-a-ry.     Of  disquisition.     Essay. 

dis"-re-gard'.  Lack  of  regard.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Excitability-Inexcitability,  Heed- 
Disregard,  Overvaluation-Undervaluation,  Re- 
gard-Disrespect, Regard-Scorn,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy;  disregard  of  time,  Chronology-Anach- 
ronism. 

dis"-re-gard'-ed.    Not  regarded.    Regard-Disrespect. 

dis"-re-gard'-ing.  Not  regarding.  •  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

dis-rel'-ish.  A  feeling  of  repugnance.  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Love-Hate. 

dis-rep'-u-ta-ble.  Being  in  disrepute.  Reputation- 
Discredit,  Virtue-Vice. 

dis"-re-pute'.  Want  of  reputation.  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

dis"-re-spect'.  Lack  of  respect.  Politeness-Impo- 
liteness, Regard-Disrespect. 

dis"-re-spect'-ful.  Lacking  in  respect.  Regard-Dis- 
respect. 

dis"-re-spect'-ful-ly.  In  a  disrespectful  way.  Regard- 
Disrespect. 

dis-robe'.     To  undress.     Dress-Undress. 

dis-rupt'.     To  break  asunder.     Variance-Accord. 

dis-rup'-tion.  Rupture.  Creation-Destruction, 
Union-Disunion,  Variance-Accord. 

dis-rup'-ture.     Rupture.     Variance-Accord. 

dis-sat"-is-fac'-tion.  Discontent.  Contentedness- 
Discontentment. 

dis-sat'-is-fied.  Discontented.  Contentedness-Dis- 
contentment. 

dis-sat'-is-fy.  To  render  discontented.  Contented- 
ness-Discontentment. 

dis-sect'.     To  cut  to  pieces.     Investigation-Answer. 

dis-sec'-tion.  The  act  of  dissecting.  Composition- 
Resolution,  Investigation-Answer,  Union-Dis- 
union. 


dis-sem'-blance.  Lack  of  resemblance.  Likeness- 
Unlikeness. 

dis-sem'-ble.  To  conceal.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

dis-sem'-bler.     One  who  dissembles.     Gull-Deceiver. 

dis-sem'-i-nate.  To  spread  abroad.  Education-Mis- 
teaching,  Gathering-Scattering,  Publicity. 

dis-sem'-i-na"-ting.  Promulgating.  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

dis-sem"-i-na'-tion.  The  act  of  disseminating.  Gath- 
ering-Scattering. 

dis-sen'-sion.  Discord.  Assent-Dissent,  Harmony- 
Discord,  Variance-Accord;  sow  dissension,  Love- 
Hate. 

dis-sent'.  Disagreement.  Assent-Dissent,  Contented- 
ness-Discontentment,  Faith-Misguidance,  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy, Proffer-Refusal,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance, Variance-Accord. 

dis-sent'-er.  One  who  dissents.  Assent-Dissent, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

dis-sen'-tient.  Dissenting.  Assent-Dissent,  Con- 
tentedness-Discontentment,  Variance-Accord. 

dis-sent'-ing.        Withholding  assent.  Assent-Dis- 

sent, Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

dis"-ser-ta'-tion.     Thesis.     Essay,   Rhetoric. 

dis-serv'-ice.  Bad  service.  Good-Evil,  Usefulness- 
Uselessness. 

dis-serv'-ice-a-ble.  Detrimental.  Goodness-Bad- 
ness. 

dis-sev'-er.     To  sever.     Union-Disunion. 

dis-sev'-er-ance.     Separation.     Union-Disunion. 

dis'-si-dence.  Disagreement.  Contentedness-Dis- 
contentment,  Harmony-Discord,  Variance- 
Accord. 

dis'-si-dent.  Dissenting.  Assent-Dissent,  Contbnt- 
edness-Discontentment. 

dis-sil'-i-ence.  The  act  of  bursting.  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

dis-sim'-i-lar.     Unlike.     Likeness-Unlikeness. 

dis-sim"-i-lar'-i-ty.  Unlikeness.  Likeness-Unlike- 
ness. 

dis"-sim-il'-i-tude.  Unlikeness.  Likeness-Unlikeness. 

dis-sim'-u-late.  To  feign.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

dis-sim"-u-la'-tion.  The  act  of  dissimulating.  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood. 

dis'-si-pate.  To  disperse.  Creation-Destruction, 
Extravagance-Avarice,  Gathering-Scattering. 

dis'-si-pa"-ted.  Dissolute.  Extravagance-Avarice, 
Purity-Impurity. 

dis"-si-pa'-tion.  The  act  of  dissipating.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Moderation-Selfindulgence, 
Purity-Impurity. 

dis-so"-cia-bil'-i-ty.  Lack  of  sociability.  Sociability- 
Privacy. 

dis-so'-cial.     Unsocial.     Sociability-Privacy. 

dis-so'-ci-ate.     To  separate.     Union-Disunion. 

dis-so"-ci-a'-tion.  The  act  of  dissociating.  Connec- 
tion-Independence. 

dis'-so-lute.  Profligate.  Moderation-Selfindul- 
gence, Purity-Impurity,  Virtue-Vice. 

dis"-so-lu'-tion.  The  act  of  separating  into  parts. 
Commission- Abrogation,  Composition -Resolu- 
tion, Creation-Destruction,  Life-Death,  Lique- 
faction-Volatilization. 

dis-solve'.  To  pass  from  a  solid  state  to  a  fluid;  to 
break  up.  Appearance-Disappearance.  Commis- 
sion-Abrogation, Composition-Resolution,  Cre- 
ation-Destruction, Entity-Nonentity,  Lique- 
faction-Volatilization, Substance-Nullity. 

dis-solv'-ing  views.  Gradually  changing  pictures. 
Appearance-Disappearance. 

dis'-so-nance.  Discord.  Harmony-Discord,  Mel- 
ody-Dissonance, Variance-Accord. 


DISSONANT. 


294 


DIVARICATE. 


dis'-so-nant.     Harsh  in  sound.     Melody-Dissonance. 
dis-suade'.     To    give    contrary    advice.     Motive-De- 

HORTATION. 

dis-sua'-ded.     Having  purpose  changed.      Motive-De- 

HORTATION. 

dis-sua'-ding.     Changing  purpose.     Motive-Dehorta- 

tion. 
dis-sua'-sion.     The    act    of    dissuading.     Motive-De- 

HORTATION. 

dis-sua'-sive.     Tending  to  dissuade.     Motive-Dehor- 

TATION. 

dis-syl'-la-ble.     A  word  of  two  syllables.     Letter. 

dis-tain'.     To  discolor.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

dis'-tal.  Remote  from  the  point  of  attachment.  Re- 
moteness-Nearness. 

dis'-tance.  Length  in  space.  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Remoteness-Nearness,  Success-Failure, 
Transcursion-Shortcoming;  angular  distance,  An- 
gularity; distance  of  time,  Future-Past,  Lasting- 
ness-Transientness;  keep  at  a  distance,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness; keep  one's  distance,  Conceit- 
Diffidence,  Quest-Evasion,  Regard-Disrespect; 
teach  one  his  distance,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

dis'-tant.     Remote.     Remoteness-Nearness. 

dis'-tant  re-la'-tion.  Remote  connection.  Relation- 
ship. 

dis'-tant-ly  al-lied'.  Remotely  connected.  Relation- 
ship. 

dis-taste'.     Disrelish.     Desire-Distaste. 

dis-taste'-ful.  Offensive  to  the  taste.  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness. 

dis-tem'-per.  A  disease.  Color-Achromatism, 
Health-Sickness,  Painting. 

dis-tem'-per-a-ture.    Indisposition.   Health-Sickness. 

dis-tend'.     To  expand.     Enlargement-Diminution. 

dis-tend'-ed.     Expanded.    Enlargement-Diminution. 

dis-ten'-tion.      Inflation.    Enlargement-Diminution. 

dis'-tich.     A  couplet.     Poetry-Prose. 

dis-til'.  To  extract.  Chemistry,  Entrance-Exit, 
Liquefaction- Volatilization,  River-Wind. 

dis"-til-la'-tion.  Process  of  extraction.  Chemistry, 
Entrance-Exit,  Liquefaction-Volatilization. 

dis-tilled'.  Having  impurities  extracted.  Distilled 
water,  Chemistry. 

dis-tinct'.  Clear  to  the  mind  or  senses.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Manifestation- 
Latency,  SOUND-SILENCE,  UnION-DiSUNION,  VISI- 
BILITY, Vocalization-Muteness. 

dis-tinc'-tion.  The  act  of  distinguishing.  Differen- 
tiation-Indiscrimination, Gentility-Democracy, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Variation;  distinction 
without  a  difference,  Equality-Inequality. 

dis-tinct'-ive.  Characteristic.  Variation;  distinctive 
feature,  Universality- Particularity. 

dis-tinct'-ness.  The  state  of  being  distinct.  Visi- 
bility-Invisibility, Vocalization-Muteness. 

distingui  [F.]  (dis-tan'-ge') .  Distinguished.  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit, Society-Ludicrousness. 

dis-tin'-guish.  To  discriminate.  Differentiation- 
Indiscrimination,  Sight-Blindness;  distinguish 
by  the  name  of,  Name-Misnomer. 

dis-tin'-guish-a-ble.  Able  to  be  distinguished.  Vari- 
ation. 

dis-tin'-guished.  Eminent.  Reputation-Discredit, 
Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

dis-tort'.  To  twist.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Delinea- 
tion-Caricature, Interpretation-Misinterpre- 
tation, Parallelism-Inclination,  Proportion- 
Deformity,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

dis-tort'-ed.     Twisted.     Proportion-Deformity. 

dis-tor'-tion.  The  act  of  distorting.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Delineation-Caricature,  Parallelism-In- 
clination, Proportion-Deformity,  Sight-Dim- 
sightedness,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 


dis-tract'-ed.  Bewildered.  Excitation,  Saneness- 
Lunacy. 

dis-trac'-tion.  Excitement.  Excitability-Inex- 
citability,  Heed-Disregard;  love  to  distraction, 
Love-Hate. 

dis-train'.  To  take  by  distress.  Litigation,  Price- 
Discount,  Taking-Restitution. 

dis-traint'.     Distress.     Taking-Restitution. 

dis-trait'.     Absent-minded.     Heed-Disregard. 

dis-traught'.      Bewildered.    Certainty-Doubt,  Sane- 

NESS-LUNACY. 

dis-tress'.  Great  suffering.  Affluence-Penury, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Pleasure-Pain, 
Taking-Restitution;    signal  of  distress,  Alarm. 

dis-tressed'.  Painfully  agitated.  Affluence-Pen- 
ury. 

dis-tress'-ing.  Painful.  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness. 

dis-trib'-ute.  To  allot.  Assignment,  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Organization-Disorganization. 

dis"-tri-bu'-tion.  The  act  of  distributing.  Gather- 
ing-Scattering. 

dis-trib'-u-tive.     Kind  of  pronoun.     Pronoun. 

dis'-trict.  A  portion  of  territory.  Extension-Dis- 
trict. 

dis-trust'.  To  doubt.  Credulousness-Skepticism, 
Faith-Misgiving,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

dis-trust'-ful.  Full  of  distrust.  Credulousness- 
Skepticism. 

dis-turb'.  To  agitate.  Agitation,  Excitation, 
Mutation-Permanence,  Organization-Disorgan- 
ization, Pleasure-Pain,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness. 

dis-turb'-ance.  Disorder.  Agitation,  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization, Regularity-Irregularity. 
Variance-Accord. 

dis-turbed'.     Disquieted.     Pleasure-Pain. 

dis-un'-ion.  The  state  of  being  disunited.  Regular- 
ity-Irregularity, Union-Disunion,  Variance- 
Accord. 

dis"-u-nite'.     To  destroy  union.     Union-Disunion. 

dis"-u-ni'-ted.     Separated.     Gathering-Scattering. 

dis-u'-ni-ty.     Want  of  unity.     Union-Disunion. 

dis-u'-sage.  Gradual  neglect  of  use.  Habit-Desue- 
tude. 

dis-use'.  To  stop  using.  Habit-Desuetude,  Use- 
Disuse. 

dis-used'.     Not  used.     Habit-Desuetude. 

dis-val'-ue.    To  undervalue.    Approval-Disapproval. 

dis-val"-u-a'-tion.  The  state  of  being  disvalued.  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval. 

ditch.  A  trench.  Attack-Defense,  Enclosure, 
Groove,  Gulf-Plain,  Watercourse-Airpipe. 

ditch'-wa"-ter.  The  foul  water  in  a  ditch.  Clean- 
ness-Filthiness. 

di"-tet-rag'-on-al.  Twice  tetragonal.  Ditetragonal 
pyramid,  Mineralogy. 

di'-the-ism.  The  belief  in  two  coequal  gods.  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

dith'-y-ramb.  A  hymn  in  honor  of  Bacchus.  Music, 
Poetry-Prose. 

dith"-y-ram'-bic.  Of  the  nature  of  the  dithyramb. 
Saneness-Lunacy. 

dit'-to.  The  same  thing.  Recurrence;  say  ditto  to, 
Assent-Dissent. 

dit'-ty.     A  little  song.     Music 

di-ur'-nal.     Daily.     Periodicity-Irregularity. 

di"-u-tur'-nal.  Lasting.  Lastingness-Transientness. 

di"-u-tur'-ni-ty.  Long  duration.  Lastingness-Tran- 
sientness. 

di-van'.  A  council;  a  cushioned  seat.  Council, 
Scepter,  Suspension-Support,  Tribunal. 

di-var'-i-cate.  To  spread  apart  Concentration- 
Radiation,  Doubling-Halving,  Variance. 


DIVARICATION. 


295 


DIVINITY. 


di-var"-i-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  divaricating.  Concen- 
tration-Radiation, Doubling-Halving. 

dive.  To  plunge;  den.  City,  Spring-Dive,  Travel- 
ing-Navigation; dive  into,  Investigation-Answer. 

di-vel'-li-cate.     To  tear  in  pieces.     Union-Disunion. 

di'-ver.     One  who  dives.     Spring-Dive. 

di-verge'.  To  go  in  different  directions.  Aim-Aber- 
ration, Concentration-Radiation,  Deviation. 

di  ver'-gence.  The  act  of  diverging.  Aim-Aberra- 
tion, Concentration-Radiation,  Harmony-Dis- 
cord. 

di-ver'-gen-cy.  Divergence.  Concentration-Radi- 
ation, Deviation. 

di-ver'-gent.  Going  farther  apart  Concentration- 
Radiation,  Harmony-Discord. 

di-ver'-ging.  Divergent.  Concentration-Radi- 
ation. 

di'-vers.  More  than  one.  Multiplicity-Paucity, 
Uniformity-Multiformity,  Variation;  divers 
colored,  Variegation. 

di-verse'.     Different.     Variation. 

di-ver'-si-fied.  Having  various  forms,  etc.  Devi- 
ation, Likeness-Unlikeness,  Rule-Multiform- 
ity, Uniformity-Diversity,  Variation. 

di-ver'-si-fy.  To  make  diverse.  Deviation,  Muta- 
tion. 

di-ver'-sion.  Amusement.  Aim-Aberration,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness, Mutation. 

di-ver'-si-ty.  Variety.  Likeness-Unlikeness,  Uni- 
formity -  Diversity,  Uniformity  -  Multiformity, 
Variation  ;  diversity  of  opinion,  Assent-Dissent. 

di-vert'.  To  turn  aside.  Aim-Aberration,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness, Truthfulness-Fraud;  di- 
vert the  mind,  Heed-Disregard. 

di-vert'-ed.    Turned  aside.     Reflection- Vacancy. 

di-vert'-ing.    Amusing.    Entertainment-Weariness. 

divertissement  [F.]  (di-ver-tis-man"').  A  ballet  between 
the  acts  of  a  play.  Acting,  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

Di'-ves.  The  rich  man  in  the  parable.  [Luke  xvi,  19.] 
Affluence-Poverty. 

di-vest'.  To  strip.  Dress-Undress,  Taking-Resti- 
tution; divest  oneself  of,  Commission-Abrogation, 
Keeping-Relinquishment. 

di-vesf-ed.     Stripped.     Dress-Undress. 

di-vest'-ment.  A  denuding.  Dress-Undress,  Tak- 
ing-Restitution. 

di-vide'.  To  sever  into  parts.  Assignment,  Choice- 
Neutrality,  Doubling-Halving,  Numbering, 
Organization-Disorganization,  Union-Disunion, 
Whole-Part. 

di-vi'-ded.     Severed  into  parts.     Whole-Part. 

div'-i-dend.  A  share.  Assignment,  Number,  Whole- 
Part. 

divina  particula  auras  [L.]  (di-vai'-na  par-tic'-yu-la 
au'-ri).     A  gentle  breeze.     Mind-Imbecility. 

div"-i-na'-tion.  The  act  of  divining.  Devotion- 
Magic,  Hypothesis,  Prophecy. 

di-vine'.  Pertaining  to  God.  Divinity,  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness,  Hypothesis,  Ministry-Laity, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Prophecy,  Theology; 
divine  right,  Rule-License;  divine  service,  Devo- 
tion-Idolatry. 

di-vine'-ness.     The  quality  of  being  divine.   Divinity. 

di-vi'-ning-rod".  A  rod  used  in  pretended  discovery 
Devotion-Charm,  Sign. 

di-vin'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  divine.  Divinity, 
Theology. 

DIVINITY. 
Divinity — Appellations  of  God. 

Author  of  all  things;  Author  of  our  being;  Creator  of  all  things; 
Deity;  Divinity;  El;  Ens  Entium  [L.],  Being  of  beings;  God;  God- 
head; Godship;  God   the  Father;  Jehovah;    Lord;  Omnipotence; 


Providence;  the  All-Holy;  the  All-Merciful;  the  Ail-Powerful;  the 
All- Wise;  the  Almighty;  the  Creator;  the  Eternal;  the  First  Cause; 
the  Holy  Trinity;  the  Infinite;  the  Maker;  the  Preserver;  the 
Supreme  Being;  the  Trinity;  the  Trinity  in  Unity;  the  Triune  God; 
the  Universal  Intelligent  Force. 

Divinity — Appellations  of  God  the  Son. 

Emmanuel;  God  the  Son;  Immanuel;  Jesus  Christ;  the  Advocate; 
the  Anointed;  the  Bread  of  Life;  the  Good  Shepherd;  the  Hypo- 
static Union;  the  Incarnation;  the  Intercessor;  the  Judge;  the 
King  of  Glory;  the  King  of  kings  and  Lord  of  lords;  the  Lamb 
of  God;  the  Life;  the  Light  of  the  World;  the  Lord  our  Right  -  us- 
ness;  the  Mediator;  the  Messiah;  the  Prince  of  Peace  the 
Redeemer;  the  Saviour;  the  Son  of  David;  the  Son  of  God,  the 
Son  of  Man;  the  Sun  of  Righteousness;  the  Truth;  the  Way;  the 
Word. 

Divinity — Appellations  of  the  Holy  Spirit 

God  the  Holy  Ghost;  Paraclete;  the  Comforter;  the  Dove;  the  Holy 
Spirit;   the  Spirit  of  Truth. 

Divinity — Functions  of  God  the  Father. 

Creation.     The  act  of  God  in  bringing  the  universe  into  existence. 
Dealings  of  Providence.     The  acts  of  God  in  relation  to  the  human 

race. 
Dispensations  of  Providence.     The  revelations  of   the  mind  and  will 

of  God  to  man. 
Divine  government.     The  direct  control  of  God  over  man. 
Preservation.     The  act  of  God  in  keeping  or  supporting  creation. 
Providence.     The  care,  control,  and  guidance  exercised  by  God  over 

the  universe,  in  all  its  parts  and  contents. 

Th  i  ^e  immediate  sovereignty  of  God. 

Visitations  of  Providence.     Revelations  of  God  to  man. 
Ways  of  Providence.     The  plan  or  line  of  action  in  the  dealing  of  God 
with  man. 

Divinity — Functions  of  God  the  Son. 

Atonement.     The  work  of  Christ  in  the  reconciliation  of  God  and 

man,  making  them  at  one. 
Intercession.     The  mediation  of  Christ  with  God  for  the  salvation  of 

the  redeemed. 
Judgment.     The  final  award  or  sentence  of  the  human  race. 
Mediation.     The  interposition  of  Christ  with  the  Father  for  the 

human  race. 
Propitiation.     The  work  of  Christ,  as  having  justified  the  grace  and 

removed  the  obstacles  to  man's  salvation. 
Redemption.     Salvation  from  sin  through  the  atonement  of  Christ. 
Salvation.     Deliverance  from  the  penalty  and  power  of  sin. 

Divinity — Functions  of  God  the  Holy  Spirit. 

Consolation.     Alleviation  or  mitigation  of  sorrow. 

Inspiration.     Supernatural  divine  influence  exerted  upon  the  sacred 

teachers  and  writers  by  the  Holy  Spirit. 
Regeneration.     The  being  born  again,  so  as  to  have  the  same  spirit 

as  Christ. 
Sanctification.     The  work  of  the  Holy  Spirit  whereby  the  believer  is 

freed  from  sin  and  exalted  to  holiness  of  life. 
Unction.     Divine  grace. 

Divinity — Attributes  of  Deity. 

Divineness.     The  possession  of  divine  character  nr  qualities 

Divinity.     See  Divineness. 

Eternity.     Infinite  existence. 

Glory.     The  effulgence  of  the  divine  presence. 

Holiness.     Absolute  moral  purity,  or  perfect  sanctity. 

Immutability.     The  quality  of  being  unchangeable. 

Infinite  goodness.     Unbounded  moral  excellence. 

Infinite  justice.     Everlasting  conformity  to  the  principles  of  right. 

Infinite  mercy.     Disposition  to  treat  even  the  worst  offender  with 

less  severity  than  he  deserves  in  strict  justice. 
Infinite  power.     The  right,  ability,  and  capacity  to  exercise  boundless 

authority  or  control. 
Infinite  truth.     Conformity  to  the  ideal  of  God. 
Infinite  wisdom.     Perfect  insight  into  the  divine  law. 
Infinity.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  boundless,  immeasurable,  or 

perfect. 
Majesty.     The  quality  that  inspires  reverence  or  awe. 
Omnipotence.     Unlimited  and  universal  power. 
Omnipresence.     The  quality  of  being  everywhere  present  at  the 

same  time. 
Omniscience.     Unlimited  or  infinite  knowledge. 
Sovereignty.     The  possession  or  exercise  of  supreme  power. 
Unity.     The  state  of  being  indivisibly  one. 


DIVINITY. 


DO. 


Divinity — Associated  Nouns. 
Con.    Eon. 

Avatar  [Hind.].    Incarnation. 
Dens  ex  machina..     A  god  from  the  machine. 
Eon.     Personification  of  a  divine  attribute. 
Special  Providence.     Instance  of  God's  care. 

Divinity — Verbs. 
Atone.     To  reconcile;  make  reparation. 
Bless.     To  make  happy;  glorify. 
Call.     To  summon  divinely. 
Create.     To  form  out  of  nothing. 
Elect.     To  separate  as  a  special  people  or  person. 
Glorify.     To  make  glorious. 
Govern.     To  exercise  authority. 
Justify.     To  make  just  before  the  law. 
Mediate.    To  intervene  between  two  for  reconciliation. 
Ordain.     To  appoint ;  consecrate  to  the  service  of  God. 
Predestinate.     Foreordain  as  brethren  of  Christ. 
Preserve.     Protect;  keep  in  order. 
Propitiate.     To  render  favorable. 
Redeem.     Buy  back  from  servitude  to  sin. 
Sanctify.     To  make  holy;  free  from  sin. 
Save.     Make  safe  in  union  with  Christ. 
Uphold.     To  keep  from  sin. 

Divinity — Adjectives. 

Almighty;  anointed;  celestial;  divine;  ghostly;  hallowed;  heavenly; 
holy;  hyperphysical,  above  physical  laws;  sacred;  spiritual;  super- 
human; supernatural;  theistic;  theocratic;  unearthly. 

Divinity — Adverbial  Phrase. 
Jure  diiino  [L.J.     By  divine  right. 

Divinity — Phrases. 
Deus  vindex  cernit  omnia  [L.J.     The  avenging  divinity  sees  all. 
Dieu  avec  nous  [F.].     God  with  us. 
Dieu  et  mon  droit  [F.].     God  and  my  right. 
Dieu  vous  garde .'  [F.]     Godguardyou. 
Dios  que  da  la  llaga,  da  la  medicina  [Sp.].     God  who  sends  the  wound 

sends  the  cure.' 
Domine ,  dirige  nos  [L.].     Lord,  direct  us. 
En  Dieu  est  ma  fiance  [F.J      In  God  is  my  trust. 
Notre  Dame  [F.].     Our  Lady.the  Blessed  Virgin. 

di-vis'-i-ble.  Capable  of  being  divided.  Number, 
Union-Disunion. 

di-vi'-sion.  The  act  of  dividing.  Assignment,  Bel- 
ligerent, Division,  Numbering,  Organization- 
Disorganization,  President-Member,  Union-Dis- 
union, Variance-Accord,  Whole-Part. 

DIVISION. 

Assortment.     A  class  or  group  into  which  things  are  assorted. 

Breed.  A  race  or  strain,  especially  of  domestic  animals,  that  main- 
tains characteristics  artificially  acquired. 

Caste.     One  of  the  classes  into  which  society  is  divided  in  Hindustan. 

Category.     A  comprehensive  class. 

Clan.  A  body  of  kindred  having  a  class-name  and  tribal  organiza- 
tion. 

Class.     A  group  with  common  characteristics. 

Department.     A  i-  art  or  portion  as  separate  from  a  whole. 

Division.     One  of  the  parts  into  which  a  thing  has  been  divided. 

Domain.     A  spher   of  action  or  interest. 

Family.     A  collection  of  persons  forming  a  domestic  household. 

Gender.  A  distinction  of  words  into  classes  as  they  agree  in  forms 
and  syntax. 

Genus.     A  group  of  animals  or  plants  embracing  one  or  more  species 

Head.     A  set  division  of  a  discourse ,  sermon,  or  the  like . 

Kin.     Persons  of  the  same  blood. 

Kind.     Essential  or  distinguishing  quality ;  a  genus. 

Kit.     An  entire  set  of  anything. 

Order.     A  class  of  a  common  degree  of  excellence 

Province.     A  sphere  of  knowledge  or  activity. 

Race.     A  primary  division  of  the  human  species. 

Range .     A  series  or  chain . 

Sect.  A  body  of  persons  distinguished  by  peculiarities  of  faith  from 
other  bodies. 

Section.     A  separate  part  or  division. 

Sept.  A  group  of  related  persons  claiming  descent  from  a  common 
ancestor. 

Set.     A  number  of  persons  or  things  associated  in  fact  or  in  thought. 

Bex.     A  division  of  the  human  species. 


Sort.     A  number  of  persons  or  things  characterized  by  similar  quali- 
ties. 
Species.     A  classificatory  group  of  animals  or  plants. 
Stamp.     A  kind  or  sort. 

Suit.     A  group  or  series  of  things  of  like  kind. 
Tribe.     A  division,  class,  or  distinct  portion  of  people. 
Type.     A  class  or  group  that  embodies  particular  characteristics. 
Variety.     A  collection  of  various  things  in  a  group. 

Division — Associated  Nouns. 
Character.     The  combination  of  qualities  distinguishing  a  person. 
Denomination.     A  name. 
Description.     A  group  of  characteristics. 
Designation.     A  distinguishing  mark. 
Manner.     Sort  or  kind. 

Predicament.     A  class  distinguished  by  definite  marks. 
Similarity.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  similar. 

Division— Figurative  Nouns. 
Feather.     Kind;  class. 
Kidney.     Temperament. 

Division — Scientific  Term. 
Categorema.     A  category. 

di-vi'-sor.     A  number  that  divides.     Number. 

di-vorce'.     The  legal  dissolution  of  the  marriage  rela- 
tion.    Matrimony-Divorce,  Union-Disunion. 

di-vorce'  court.      A  court  specially  devoted  to  divorce 
cases.     Tribunal. 

di-vor-cee'.         A    divorced    woman.         Matrimony- 
Divorce. 

di-vorce'-ment.     Divorce.     Matrimony-Divorce. 

di-vulge'.     To  disclose.     Exposure-Hidingplace. 

di-vul'-sion.     The  act  of  rending.     Union-Disunion. 

di-wa'-ni  [Anglo-Ind.].     Coin.     Values. 

dixi  [L.]  (dix  -ai).     I  have  said.     Assertion-Denial. 

Dii-ie.-  Popular  American  song.   Patriotism-Treason. 

diz'-en.  To  embellish.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

diz'-zard.     A  blockhead.     Sage-Fool. 

diz'-zi-ness.  Giddiness.  Saneness-Lunacy,  Sight- 
Dimsightedness. 

diz'-zy.  Giddy.  Heed-Disregard;  dizzy  round, 
Revolution-Evolution. 

djer'-rid.     A  Persian  javelin.     Weapon. 

do.  To  accomplish.  Action-Passiveness,  Comple- 
tion-Noncompletion,  Condition-Situation,  Con- 
tentedness-Discontentment,  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Enough,  Harmony-Discord,  Petition-Ex- 
postulation, Success-Failure,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud;  do  a  service,  Usefulness-Uselessness; 
do  as  one  pleases,  Liberty-Subjection;  do  as 
others  do,  Conventionality-Unconventionality; 
do  away  with,  Admission-Expulsion,  Commission- 
Abrogation,  Creation-Destruction;  do  battle, 
Fighting-Conciliation;  do  business,  Occupation; 
do  for,  Creation-Destruction,  Life-Killing,  Suc- 
cess-Failure; do  good,  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Goodness-Badness;  do  harm,  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence, Goodness-Badness;  do  honor 
to,  Reputation-Discredit;  do  into,  Interpreta- 
tion-Misinterpretation; do  justice  to,  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Right-Wrong;  do  like,  Imitation- 
Originality;  do  little,  Activity-Indolence;  do  no 
harm  to,  Goodness-Badness;  do  nothing,  Action- 
Passiveness,  Activity-Indolence;  do  nothing  but, 
Frequency-Rarity;  do  one's  bidding,  Insubordi- 
nation-Obedience; do  one's  office,  Observance- 
Nonobservance;  do  over,  Cover-Lining;  do  the 
dirty  work  of,  Presumption-Obsequiousness;  do 
the  work,  Toil-Relaxation;  do  unto  others  as  we 
would  men  should  do  unto  us,  Selfishness-Unself- 
ishness; do  up,  Renovation-Relapse;  do  without, 
Use-Disuse;  do  wrong,  Right-Wrong;  have  to  do 
with,  Action-Passiveness,  Conduct;  thing  to  do, 
Occupation. 


DOCENDO. 


297 


DOMAIN. 


docendo  discimus  [L.]  (do-sen'-do  dis'-si-mus) .  We 
learn  by  teaching.     Education-Learning. 

docent,  qua  nocent  [L.]  (do'-sent,  qui  no'-sent). 
Things  that  injure  teach;  we  burn  and  learn.  Edu- 
cation-Learning. 

docere,  pisces  natare  [L.]  (do-se'-ri,  pis'-siz  na-te'-ri). 
To  teach  fish  to  swim.  Education-Misteaching, 
Excess-Lack. 

docel  disc-it,  qui  [L.]  (do'-set  dis'-sit,  quai).  Who 
teaches  learns.     Education-Learning. 

doc"-i-bil'-i-ty.  Teachableness.  Readiness-Reluc- 
tance. 

doc'-ile.  Teachable.  Education-Learning,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance. 

dc-cil'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  docile.  Education- 
Learning,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

dock.  To  shorten;  an  artificial  basin  for  vessels;  an 
enclosed  space  in  court.  Dweller -Habitation, 
Length-Shortness,  Store,  Tribunal,  Workshop. 

docked.     Shortened.     Entirety-Deficiency. 

dock'-et.  A  condensed  statement.  Evidence-Coun- 
terevidence,  Mark-Obliteration,  Sign. 

dock'-yard.  A  yard  for  naval  stores  and  timber. 
Workshop. 

doc'-tor.  A  physician;  teacher.  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Remedy-Bane,  Renovation-Re- 
lapse, Scholar-Dunce;  after  death  the  doctor,  Op- 
portuneness-Unsuitableness;  doctor  accounts, 
Accounts;  when  doctors  disagree,  Ratiocination- 
Instinct. 

doc"-tri-naire\  A  theorist.  Brawler,  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Scholar-Dunce, 
Society-Affectation. 

doc'-tii-nal.  Pertaining  to  teaching.  Education. 
Misteaching,  Faith-Misgiving. 

doc'-trine.  That  which  is  taught.  Faith-Misgiving, 
Knowledge-Ignorance. 

doc'-u-ment.  A  paper  considered  as  evidence.  Evi- 
dence-Countereviience,  Mark-Obliteration. 

doc"-u-ment'-a-ry  ev'-i-dence.  Evidence  based  on 
documents.     Evidence-Counterevidence. 

do-dec"-a-he'-dron.  A  solid  bounded  by  twelve  plane 
faces.     Angularity. 

dodge.  To  avoid.  Aim-Aberration,  Craft-Art- 
lessness,  Investigation-Answer,  Movement- 
Rest,  Quest-Evasion,  Vibration. 

Dodg'-er,  Art'-ful.  A  character  in  Dickens's  Oliver 
Twist.     Robber,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

dodg'-ing.     Avoic..,g.     Transfer. 

doe.  A  female  deer.  Fauna-Flora,  Male-Female, 
Swiftness-Slowness. 

do'-er.     One  who  does.     Agent. 

doff.  To  take  oft.  Dress-Undress;  doff  the  cap, 
Politeness-Impoliteness. 

dog.  A  domesticated  carnivorous  mammal.  Fauna- 
Flora,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Leading-Following, 
Male-Female,  Quest-Evasion;  cast  to  the  dogs, 
Choice-Rejection,  Commission-Abrogation,  Cre- 
ation -  Destruction,  Keeping  -  Relinquishment, 
Use-Disuse;  dog  in  the  manger,  Unselfishness- 
Selfishness;  dogs  of  war,  Fighting-Conciliation; 
fire-dog,  Oven-Refrigerator;  go  to  the  dogs,  Afflu- 
ence-Penury, Creation-Destruction,  Success- 
Failure,  Welfare-Misfortune;  hair  of  the  dog 
that  bit  you,  Teetotalism-Intemperance;  watch- 
dog, Guard -Prisoner,  Security -Insecurity, 
Warning. 

dog'-cart".  A  two-wheeled  one-horse  carriage.  Con- 
veyance-Vessel. 

dog"-cheap\  Absurdly  cheap.  Costliness-Cheap- 
ness. 

dog'-days".     The  sultry  days  of  summer.     Heat-Cold. 

doge.  The  chief  magistrate  of  Venice  and  Genoa. 
Chief-Underling. 


dog'-ged.  Sullenly  stubborn.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Bravery-Cowardice,  Favorite-Moroseness. 

dog'-ger.  A  kind  of  fishing-smack.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

dog'-gerel.  Bad  verse.  Embellishment-Vulgarity, 
Poetry-Prose,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

dog'-hole".  A  place  fit  only  for  a  dog.  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

dog'-Lat"-in.     Mongrel  Latin.     Word-Neology. 

dog'-ma.     A  doctrine.     Faith-Misgiving.  ^ 

dog-mat'-ic.  Inclined  to  make  positive  assertions. 
Assertion-Denial,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Decision- 
Misjudgment. 

dog'-ma-tism.  The  quality  of  being  dogmatic.  Asser- 
tion-Denial, Bigotry-Apostasy,  Certainty- 
Doubt 

dog'-ma-tist.  One  who  dogmatizes.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Brawler,  Certainty- 
Doubt. 

dog'-ma-tize.  To  speak  dogmatically.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Decision-Misjudgment. 

dog'-ma-tiz"-er.  One  who  dogmatizes.  Certainty- 
Doubt. 

dog's'-ear".  A  turned  down  corner  of  a  leaf  in  a  book. 
Plicature. 

dog'-sick".     Very  sick.     Desire-Distaste. 

dog'-star".  The  star  Alpha  of  the  constellation  Canis 
Major.     Luminary-Shade. 

dog'-trot".  A  regular,  easy  trot.  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness. 

dog'-wea"-ry.  Very  weary.  Weariness-Refresh- 
ment. 

doi'-ly.  A  small  table  napkin,  named  after  its  first 
maker.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

do'-ing.  Going  on.  Occurrence-Destiny;  up  and 
doing,  Activity-Indolence;  what  one  is  doing, 
Occupation. 

do'-ings.  Conduct.  Action-Passiveness,  Occur- 
rence-Destiny. 

doit.  A  small  Dutch  coin;  a  trifle.  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Money. 

dolce  far  nicnte  [It.]  (dol'-che  far  ni-en'-te).  Sweet 
doing  nothing.     Activity-Indolence. 

dol'-drums.  Low  spirits.  Favorite-Moroseness, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

dole.  A  gratuity.  Assignment,  Excess-Lack,  Ex- 
travagance-Avarice, Giving-Receiving,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness,  Pleasure-Pain. 

dole'-tul.    Sorrowful.    Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

doll.  A  toy  baby.  Delineation-Caricature,  En- 
tertainment-Weariness,  Greatness-Littleness. 

dol'-lar.  A  silver  coin  of  the  United  States,  equal  to 
ioo  cents.     Money,  Values. 

do'-lor.  Sorrow.  Pleasure-Pain,  Sensuality-Suf- 
fering. 

dolore  che  ricordarsi  del  tempo  jelice  nella  miseria, 
nessun  maggior  [It.]  (do-lo'-re'  ke  ri-cor-dar'-si  del 
tem'-po  fe-li'-chi  nel'-la  mi-ser'-l-a,  neG-sun'  mad- 
ji-or').  There  is  no  greater  sorrow  than  to  recall 
happiness  in  misery.  [Boethius,  De  Consolclione  Phi- 
losophic, ii ;  Dante,  Inferno,  v,  121;  Chaucer,  T  oilus, 
iii,  1626;  Tennyson, Locksley Hall.]  Pleasure- Pain. 

dolorem,  infandum  renovare  [L.]  (do-lo'-rem,  in-fan'- 
dum  ren-o-ve'-ri) .  To  revive  unspeakable  grief. 
[Virg.  JEneid,  ii,  3.]     Contentedness-Regret. 

dol"-c-rif'-ic.  Causing  grief.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

dol'-c-rous.       Causing  sorrow.        Pleasurableness- 

Painfulness. 
dol'-phin.     A  large  fish  of  the  open  seas.    Ocean-Land. 
dolt.     A  dunce.     Sage-Fool. 
dolt'-ish.     Stupid.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 
do-main'.       Province.       Division,     Extension- Dis- 
trict, Property. 


DOMDANIEL. 


298 


DOMESTICATION— AGRICULTURE. 


dom-dan'-iel.  A  mythical  submarine  cave  of  Arabian 
magicians.     Heaven-Hell. 

dome.  A  cupola;  shaft  of  a  cavern.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Geology,  Height-Lowness. 

domes'-day  book.  The  record  of  the  survey  of  England, 
made  by  William  the  Conqueror,  in  1085-86.  Mark- 
Obliteration,  Record. 

domes'-man.  [Old  Eng.  Law.]  A  judge  of  an  inferior 
court.     Judge. 

do-mes'-tic.      Belonging  to  the  house.      Chief-Under- 

.    ling,      Domestication-Agriculture,      Dweller- 


Habitation,  Outside-Lnside,  Sociability-Privacy; 
domestic  animals,  Fauna-Flora. 

do-mes'-ti-cate.  To  render  domestic.  Establish- 
ment-Removal; domesticate  animals,  Domestica- 
tion-Agriculture. 

do-mes'-ti-ca"-ted.  Made  domestic.  Dweller-Hab- 
itation, Establishment-Removal. 

do-mes"-ti-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  domesticating.  Do- 
mestication-Agriculture, Establishment -Re- 
moval. 


DOMESTICATION— AGRICULTURE. 


Breeding.     The  process  of  bringing  up  and  training  the  young. 

Cicuration.     The  process  of  taming. 

Domestication.     The  art  of  bringing  under  the  control  of  man. 

Domesticity.     The  state  of  being  domestic. 

Taming.     Domesticating. 

Dom  estication — Denotations. 
Manage.     The  art  of  training  horses. 
Pisciculture.     The  art  of  raising  fish  artificially. 
Veterinary  art.     The  art  of  treating  the  diseases  of  cattle. 

Domestication — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Breeder.     One  who  manages  the  breeding  of  animals. 
Cowherd.     One  who  tends  cows  as  an  occupation. 
Cowkeeper.     One  who  keeps  cows. 
Drover.     One  who  drives  animals. 
Grazier.     One  who  pastures  cattle. 
Neatherd.     A  cowkeeper  or  herdsman. 
Shepherd.     A  keeper  of  sheep. 
Trainer.     One  who  trains  animals  or  men. 

Domestication — Associated  Nouns. 

Apiary.     A  place  where  bees  are  kept. 

Aquarium.     A  tank,  building  or  the  like,  for  aquatic  animals  or 
plants. 

Aviary.     An  enclosure  in  which  live  birds  are  kept. 

Bear-pit.     A  place  in  a  zoological  garden  in  which  bears  are  kept. 

Bird-cage.     A  boxlike  structure  for  keeping  birds. 

Cage.     An  enclosure  for  animals. 

Cauf ,     A  submerged  perforated  box  for  keeping  fish. 

Duck-pond.     A  pond  for  ducks. 

Fishery.     A  place  where  fish  and  other  aquatic  animals  may  be  cap- 
tured. 

Fish-pond.     A  pond  for  raising  fish. 

Hen-coop.     A  crib  for  confining  fowls. 

Henagery.     An  exhibition  of  wild  animals. 

Sheepfold.     An  enclosure  where  sheep  are  kept. 

Vivarium.     A  place  for  keeping  live  animals. 

Zoological  garden.     A  park  or  garden  in  which  animals  are  kept  on 
exhibition. 

Domestication — Scientific  Terms. 

Phthisozoics.     The  art  of  killing  harmful  animals. 

Zoohygiantics.     Science  of  curing  animals. 

Domestication — Verbs, 
Acclimatize.     To  habituate  to  a  new  or  foreign  climate. 
Break  in.     To  reduce  to  discipline ;  to  train. 
Breed.     To  produce;  to  train. 
Bridle.     To  put  a  bridle  on. 
Cage.     To  place  in  a  cage. 

Domesticate.     To  bring  under  the  control  of  man. 
Tame.     To  make  tame. 
Tend.     To  take  care  of. 
Train.      To  bring  to  a  standard  by  instruction  and  practise. 

Domestication — Adjectives. 
Bucolic.     Pertaining  to  herdsmen  or  shepherds. 
Domestic.     Tame. 

Home-made.     Of  domestic  manufacture. 
Pastoral.     Pertaining  to  the  life  of  shepherds  and  rustics. 
Tame.     Having  lost  native  or  ancestral  wildness. 


AGRICULTURE — Associated  Nouns — Continued. 

Vinery.     A  greenhouse  for  grapes. 

Vineyard.     A  large  collection  of  cultivated  grape-vines. 
Winter  garden.     An  ornamental  garden  protected  by  glass  from  the 
cold  of  winter. 


Agriculture.     The  science  of  cultivating  the  soil. 

Agronomy.     The  art  of  cultivating  the  ground. 

Cultivation.     The  working  of  ground  for  the  purpose  of  raising  crops. 

Farming.     The  management  of  or  labor  on  a  farm. 

Floriculture.     The  culture  of  flowers. 

Gardening.     The  art  of  executing  garden-work. 

Geoponics.     The  art  or  science  of  cultivating  the  soil. 

Horticulture.     The  art  of  cultivating  gardens. 

Husbandry.     Agriculture. 

Landscape  gardening.     Art  of  laying  out  grounds,  planting  trees,  etc., 

to  produce  a  picturesque  effect 
Spade  husbandry.     A  system  of  cultivation  in  which  spade-digging  is 

used  instead  of  plowing. 
Tillage.     The  act  or  art  of  tilling. 
Vintage .     The  cultivation  of  a  vineyard. 

Agriculture — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Agricultor.     An  agriculturist. 
Agriculturist.     One  engaged  in  agriculture. 
Backwoodsman.     An  inhabitant  of  the  forest;  a  frontiersman. 
Cultivator.     One  who  cultivates. 
Farmer.     One  who  tills  the  soil. 
Florist.     One  who  cultivates  flowers. 
Gardener.     One  who  makes  or  tends  a  garden. 
Horticulturist.     One  who  practises  the  art  of  cultivating  gardens. 
Husbandman.     A  cultivator  or  tiller  of  the  soil. 
Tiller  of  the  soil.     A  husbandman. 

Triptolemus.     The  inventor  of  the  plow  and  patron  of  agriculture. 
Wood-cutter.     A  person  who  cuts  wood. 
Yeoman.     A  man  who  owns  and  cultivates  his  own  farm. 

Agriculture— Associated  Nouns. 
Abode.     A  habitation. 
Arboretum.     A  botanical  garden. 
Avenue.     A  broad  thoroughfare. 
Bed.     A  level  piece  of  ground  in  a  garden. 
Border.     The  edge  of  a  garden. 
Botanic  garden.     A  garden  for  the  culture  of  plants  to  illustrate  tbi 

science  of  botany. 
Conservatory.     A  greenhouse . 
Farm.     A  tract  of  land  enclosed  for  cultivation. 
Field.     Cleared  land. 

Flower  garden.     A  garden  in  which  flowers  are  cultivated 
Garden.     A  piece  of  ground  used  for  the  cultivation  of  herbs  or  plants. 
Georgics.     A  poem  by  Virgil  on  husbandry. 
Grass-plat.     A  lawn. 
Greenhouse.      A  house  in  which  tender  plants  are  sheltered  and  kept 

green  through  winter. 
Hop-garden.    A  garden  where  hops  are  raised. 
Hothouse.       A  house  kept  artificially  warm  for  the  production  of 

flowers,  fruits,  etc. 
Kitchen -garden.     A  vegetable  garden. 
Lawn.     A  piece  of  ground  covered  with  grass,  kept  mown. 
Market -garden.     A  garden  in  which  vegetables  and  small  fruits  are 

cultivated  for  market. 
Meadow.     A  tract  of  low  and  level  grass-land. 

Nursery.  A  place  where  trees,shrubs,  etc., are  raised  for  transplanting. 
Orangery.     A  place  for  cultivating  orange  trees. 
Orchard.     A  collection  of  fruit  trees. 
Ornamental  garden.     A  garden  used  to  adorn  a  place. 
Park.     A  tract  of  land  set  apart  for  ornament  or  recreation. 
Parterre.     An  ornamental  arrangement  of  flower  beds. 
Pinetum.     A  plantation  of  pines. 
Pinery.     A  pine  forest  or  a  hothouse  for  pineapples. 
Plantation.     A  place  that  is  planted. 

Pleasure  ground.     Ground  equipped  for  pleasure  or  recreation. 
Seed-plot.  A  plot  in  which  seeds  are  sown  to  raise  plants  /or  tra.ns« 

planting. 
Shrubbery.     A  collection  of  shrubs.     ' 


DOMESTICATION— AGRICULTURE. 


299 


DOMINANCE. 


DOMESTICATION— AGRICULTURE— Continued. 
Agriculture — Verbs. 


Cultivate.     To  raise  by  tillage. 

Cut.     To  remove  by  or  as  by  a  sharp  edged  tool. 

Delve.     To  turn  over  the  ground,  as  with  a  spade. 

Dibble.     To  make  holes  in  soil  or  plant  with  a  dibble. 

Dig.     To  break  up,  as  for  cultivation. 

Dress  the  ground.     To  prepare  the  ground. 

Farm.     To  till  the  soil. 

Garden.     To  lay  out  or  till  a  garden. 

Harrow.     To  work  with  a  harrow. 

Hoe.     To  loosen,  scrape,  till,  01  spread  with  a  hoe. 

Lop  and  top.     To  cut  and  bend  the  tops  of  small  treees  and  shrubs. 


Manure.     To  apply  fertilizing  substance  to. 

How.     To  cut  off  or  down. 

Plant.     To  set  in  the  ground  for  growth. 

Plough.     Plow. 

Plow.     To  break  up  or  turn  up  the  surface  of  land  with  a  plow. 

Rake.     To  scrape  together  or  loosen  with  a  rake. 

Reap.     To  cut  down  and  gather  in. 

Sow.     To  scatter  over  the  earth. 

Till.     To  put  and  keep  in  order  for  the  production  of  crops. 

Till  the  soil.     To  cultivate  the  soil. 

Weed.     To  pull  up  and  root  out  weeds. 


Agriculture — Adjectives. 


Agrarian.     Pertaining  to  land  or  its  tenure. 

Agrestic .     Rural . 

Agriculture.     The  cultivation  of  the  soil  for  food-products. 

Arable      Capable  of  being  plowed. 

Country.     Pertaining  to  the  country 

do"-me&-tic'-i-ty.     State  of  being  domestic.     Domesti- 
cation-Agriculture, Sociability-Privacy. 
dom'-i-cile.       Place    of   abode.       Dweller- Habita- 


tion. 
4om'-i-ciled. 

Absence. 


Provided    with     a    home.     Presence- 


Horticultural.     Pertaining  to  the  culture  of  gardens. 
Predial.     Consisting  of  land  or  farms. 
Rural.     Pertaining  or  belonging  to  the  country. 
Rustic.     Pertaining  to  the  country. 


dom"-i-cil'-i-a-ry.  Of  a  domicile.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion; domiciliary  visit,  Investigation-Answer. 

dom"-i-cir-i-a"-ted.  Provided    with    a    domicile. 

Dweller-Habitation. 

dom'-i-nance.  Control;  power.  Dominance-Impo- 
tence. 


DOMINANCE— IMPOTENCE. 


Ascendancy.     Influence  superior  to  all  others.  • 

Authority,  etc.     Controlling  influence.     See  Rule. 

Capability.  The  state  of  having  influence  to  direct  or  perform.  See 
Might. 

Dominance.     Governing  influence. 

Importance.  The  quality  of  being  of  great  influence.  See  Conse- 
quence. 

Influence.     The  exercising  of  control  over  others. 

Interest.     Influence  to  produce  favorable  regard. 

P     ,  '  j  Superiority  over  others  in  influence. 

Preponderance.     The  state  of  outweighingothers  in  influence. 
Pressure.     An  impelling  or  constraining  moral  influence. 
Prevalence.     Wide-spread  and  general  influence. 
Reign.     A  dominant  and  prevalent  influence. 
Weight.     Practical  influence. 

Dominance — Associated  Nouns. 

Auspices.     Favoring,  protecting  influence  or  guidance. 

Footing.     Position  or  condition. 

Leverage.     Increased  power  or  advantage. 

Patronage.     Favor,  aid,  protection,  or  care  from  a  patron. 

Play.     Room,  condition,  or  situation  for  the  exercise  of  powers  or 

faculties. 
Protection.     Preservation  from  harm  or  danger. 
Purchase.     Any  device  that  gives  mechanical  advantage;  hence,  any 

favoring  act.     See  Suspension-Support. 
Vantage-ground.     A  favorable  position. 

Dominance — Figurative  Expressions. 
Host  in  himself .      \  K  _*  , 

Tower  of  strength,  i  A  P0™"*"1  P"50"' 

Dominance — Verbs. 

Bear  upon.     To  use  influence  upon. 

Be  influential,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  listened  to.     To  have  one's  opinions  regarded  as  influential. 

Be  recognized.     To  be  formally  acknowledged  as  influential. 

Be  rife,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Carry  weight.     To  have  influence. 

Dominate.     To  rule  over. 

Gain  a  footing. 

Gain  a  hearing. 

Gain  full  play.     Prevail. 

Gain  head.     To  gain  an  influential  advantage. 

Gain  the  upper  hand.  '  ...  , 

„  .  . .  i.  r  To  gain  predominance. 

Get  the  upper  hand.    )        *       H 

Get  full  play.     Get  a  good  chance. 

Have  a  hold  upon.     To  exert  influence  upon. 

Have  full  play.     To  prevail. 

Have  influence,  etc.     See  Nouns. 


Be  listened  to. 


Impotence,  etc.     A  lack  of  power  or  strength.     See  Might-Impo- 

tencb. 
Inertness,  etc.     Lack  of  inherent  power  to  act.     See  Vigor-Inertia. 
Irrelevancy,  etc.     The  condition  of  being  not  pertinent  to  the  subject 

in  question.     See  Connection-Independence. 


Have  no  influence,  etc . 


Impotence — Verb. 
See  Dominance. 
Impotence — Adjectives. 


Not  pertinent.     See  Connection-Independence 
Lacking  power.     See  Might-Impotence. 
Not  tending  to  bring  about  as  a  result. 
Not  contributing  to  an  end. 
Unconducting  to.      Not  leading  to. 
Uninfluential.     Not  having  the  power  of  influence. 


Irrelevant,  etc. 
Powerless,  etc. 
TJnconducing. 

Unconducive. 


DOMINANCE— Verbs — Continued. 

Have  the  upper  hand.     To  predominate. 

Lead  the  dance.     To  be  ascendant. 

Magnetize.     To  draw  to  oneself  by  secret  influence. 

Make  one's  voice  heard.     To  gain  recognition  for  one's  ideas. 

Outweigh.     To  be  of  so  great  influence  as  to  take  everything  else  out 

of  consideration. 
Overbear.     To  overpower. 

Override.     To  set  aside  by  reason  of  greater  influence. 
Overweigh.     To  exceed  in  influence. 

Pervade.     To  have  influence  through  the  whole  of  something. 
Play  a  leading  part  in.     To  be  influentially  concerned  in. 
Play  a  part.     To  take  part. 
Play  a  part  in.     To  take  part  in. 
Predominate.     To  exercise  governing  influence.  * 
Prevail.     To  have  effectual  influence  widely  extended. 
Pull  the  strings.     To  exert  a  controlling  influence  without  seeming 

to  do  so. 
Rage.     To  prevail  without  restraint. 
Run  through.     To  overcome  by  power. 
Set  the  fashion.     To  influence  others. 
Spread  like  wild-fire.     To  rage  furiously. 
Strike  root  in.     To  have  influence  in. 
Take  bold.     To  get  control. 
Take  root.     To  have  an  effect  upon. 
Take  the  lead.     To  assume  the  direction  of. 
Tell.    To  make  one's  influence  count. 
Throw  one's  weight  into  the  scale.     To  give  one's  influence  toward* 

some  purpose. 
Turn  the  scale.     To  give  the  advantage  to  the  other  side. 
Weigh.     To  have  influence. 
Work  upon.     To  influence  the  passions. 


DOMINANCE. 


300 


DOUBLE. 


Dom  inance — Adjectives. 

Dominant.     Exercising  a  ruling  influence.  Prevailing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Hegemonical.     Pertaining  to  leadership  or  supreme  command.  Prevalent.     Having  widespread  and  effectualinfluence. 

Important,  etc      Of  great  influence.     See  Consequence.  Rampant.     Influential  beyond  all  bounds. 

Influential.     Exercising  control  over  others.  Regnant.     Influential  as  a  ruler. 

In  the  ascendant.     Having  influence  superior  to  all  others.  Rife.     Abundant  in  number  and  quantity. 

Predominance.     Possessing  superiority  in  influence.  Weighty.     Of  great  practical  influence. 


With  telling  effect.     In  a  manner  that  influences. 
Tel  maitre,  lei  valet  [F.].     Like  master,  like  man. 

dom'-i-nant.  Ruling.  Dominance-Impotence, 

Melody-Dissonance,  Rule-License. 

dom'-i-nate.  To  control.  Dominance-Impotence, 
Rule-License. 

dom"-i-na'-tion.  The  act  of  dominating.  Rule- 
License. 

Domine,  dirige  nos  [L.]  (dom'-i-ni,  dir'-i-ji  nos).  Lord, 
direct  us.  [Motto  of  the  city  of  London.]  Divinity, 
Order. 

dom"-i-neer/.  To  rule  arbitrarily.  Harshness-Mild- 
ness, Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Tyranny- 
Anarchy. 

dom"-i-neer'-ing.  Overbearing.  Harshness-Mild- 
ness, Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

Domini,  anno  [L.]  (dom'-i-nai,  an'-no).  In  the  year  of 
the  Lord.     Duration-Neverness. 

Do-min'-i-can.     Of  St.  Dominic.     Ministry-Laity. 

dom'-i-nie.     A  schoolmaster.     Instructor-Pupil: 

do-min'-ion.     Supreme  authority.     Rule-License. 

dom'-i-no.  A  mask.  Dress-Undress,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace. 

dom'-i-noes.     A  game.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

don.  To  put  on.  Dress-Undress,  Gentility-De- 
mocracy, Scholar-Dunce. 

do-na'-tion.  A  gift.  Giving-Receiving,  Outlay- 
Income. 

don'-a-tive.     A  donation.     Giving-Receiving. 

done.  Completed.  Completion-Noncompletion; 
done  for,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Comple- 
tion-Noncompletion, Success-Failure;  done  up, 
Betterment  -  Deterioration,  Completion  -  Non- 
completion,  Might-Impotence,  Weariness-Re- 
freshment; have  done  with,  Discontinuance-Con- 
tinuance, Quest-Abandonment,  Use-Disuse; 
work  done,  Completion-Noncompletion. 

do-nee'.  The  receiver  of  a  donation.  Giving-Re- 
ceiving. 

don'-jon.  The  chief  tower  of  a  castle.  Attack-De- 
fense, Release-Prison. 

don'-key.     An  ass.     Conveyor,  Sage-Fool. 

don'-na.     Mistress.     Male-Female. 

Don'-ny-brook  Fair.  A  famous  annual  fair  in  Ireland. 
Regularity-Irregularity,  Variance-Accord. 

dono,  ex  [L.]  (do'-no,  ex).  By  the  gift.  Giving- 
Receiving. 

do'-nor.  One  who  gives  a  present.  Giving-Receiv- 
ing. 

don'-ship.  The  position  of  a  don.  Gentility-Democ- 
racy. 

don'-zel.     A  page.     Chief-Underling. 

doo'-dle.     Atrifler.     Sage-Fool. 

doom.  Destiny.  Beginning-End,  Creation-De- 
struction, Decision-Misjudgment,  Exculpation- 
Conviction,  Life-Death,  Occurrence-Destiny, 
Volition-Obligation;  doom  sealed,  Life-Death, 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

doomed.     Destined  to  ruin  or  death.     Pleasure-Pain. 

dooms'-day".  The  day  of  judgment.  Beginning- 
End,  Future-Past;  till  doomsday,  Eternity-In- 
stantaneity. 

door.  A  passageway.  Aperture-Closure,  Beginning- 
End,    Border,     Cover-Lining,    Enclosure,    En- 


Dominance— .4  di«r6. 
Dominance — Phrase. 


trance-Exit,  Way;  at  one's  door,  Remoteness- 
Nearness;  beg  from  door  to  door,  Petition-Expos- 
tulation; close  the  door  upon,  Release-Restraint; 
death's  door,  Life-Death  ;  keep  within  doors,  Move- 
ment-Rest; lie  at  one's  door,  Duty-Dereliction; 
open  a  door  to,  Contingency;  open  the  door  to,  Ad- 
mission-Expulsion, Difficulty-Facility,  Leave- 
Prohibition;  show  the  door  to,  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Politeness-Impoliteness. 

door'-keep"-er.  One  who  guards  the  entrance.  Per- 
forator-Stopper. 

door'-way.  The  way  of  entrance  and  exit.  Aper- 
ture-Closure. 

doq'-uet.  Docket.  Evidence-Counterevidence, 
Possibility-Impossibility. 

Do-ra'-do,  El".  An  imaginary  country,  rich  in  gold,  so> 
named  by  the  Spaniards  in  the  16th  century.  Af- 
fluence-Penury. 

Dor'-ic.  Pertaining  to  a  kind  of  architecture.  Doric 
capital,  Architecture  ;  Doric  order,  Architecture. 

dor'-mant.  Torpid.  Activity-Indolence,  Mani- 
festation-Latency, Vigor-Inertia. 

dor'-mer-win"-dow.     Gable-window.     Architecture. 

dormeuse  [F.]  (dor-muz').  A  carriage  adapted  for 
sleeping.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

dormir  debout,  conte  a  [F.]  (dor-mir'  de-bu'  con't  a). 
Dull  story.     Wittiness-Dulness. 

dor'-mi-tc-ry.  A  building  for  students  to  study  and 
sleep  in.     Contents-Receiver. 

dor'-mouse".     A  small  rodent.     Activity-Indolence. 

dorp.     A  village.     Dweller-Habitation. 

dor'-sal.     Of  the  back.     Anteriority-Posteriority. 

dor'-ser.     A  basket.     Contents-Receiver. 

dor'-sum.  The  back.  Anteriority-Posteriority, 
Convexity-Concavity. 

dose.  A  portion  of  medicine.  Assignment,  Quan- 
tity-Measure, Remedy-Bane,  Whole-Part. 

dos'-ser.     A  basket;   pannier.     Contents-Receiver. 

dos'-sil.  A  plug.  Cover-Lining,  Perforator-Stop- 
per. 

dot.  A  small  round  mark.  Extension-District, 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Sign,  Variegation. 

do'-tage.  Senility.  Infancy-Age,  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity, Saneness-Lunacy. 

do'-tard.     One  in  his  dotage.     Sage-Fool. 

do-ta'-tion.  The  act  of  making  a  dowry.  Giving- 
Receiving. 

dote.     To  be  silly.     Sagacity-Incapacity,  Saneness- 
.  Lunacy;  dote  upon,  Love-Hate. 

do'-ting.     Excessively  fond.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

dot'-ting.  Marking  with  a  dot.  Mark-Oblitera- 
tion. 

dou-an'-i-er.  An  officer  of  the  French  customs.  Judi- 
cature. 

doub'-le.  Anything  twice  as  much.  Advance-Retro- 
gression, Commutation-Permutation,  Craft-Art- 
lessness,  Doubling-Halving,  Likeness-Unlike- 
ness,  Plicature,  Uprightness-Dishonesty; 
double  acrostic,  Letter,  Wittiness-Dulness; 
double  a  point,  Circuition;  double  entry,  Accounts; 
double  meaning,  Ambiguity;  double  reef  topsails, 
Security-Insecurity;     double    sure,    Certainty- 


DOUBLE. 


301 


DOVE-LIKE. 


Doubt;  double  the  fist,  Charitableness-Menace; 
double  up,  Might-Impotence;  in  double  quick  time, 
Swiftness-Slowness  ;  march  in  double  time,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness; see  double,  Sight-Dimsighted- 
ness,  Teetotalism-Intemperance;  work  double 
tides,  Toil-Relaxation. 

doub'-le-bass .  The  largest  instrument  played  with  a 
bow.     Musical  Instruments. 

doub'-led.  Made  as  much  again.  Doubling-Halv- 
ing. 

doub'-le-dear'-ing.         Treachery.  Truthfulness- 

Falsehood,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

doub'-le-dis-tilled" .     Twice  distilled.     Vigor-Inertia. 

doub'-le-dyed" .     Twice  dyed.     Color- Achromatism. 

doub'-le-edged".  Having  two  edges.  Vigor-Iner- 
tia. 

doub'-le  en-ten'-dre.  A  word  with  a  double  mean- 
ing.    Clearness-Ambiguity,  Purity-Impurity. 

doub'-le-faced".        Having   two   faces.         Doubling- 


Halving,  Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Upright- 
ness-Dishonesty. 

doub'-le-hand"-ed.  Having  two  hands.  Truthful* 
ness-Falsehood. 

doub'-le-heart"-ed.  False  in  heart.  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

doub'-le-mean/'-ing.  Havingtwomeanings.  Ambiguity. 

doub'-le-mind"-ed.  Unstable.  Determination- 

Vacillation,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

doub'-le-shot"-ted.  Loaded  with  twice  the  weight. 
Vigor-Inertia. 

doub'-le-sight".  A  seeing  double.  Sight-Dimsight- 
edness. 

doub'-let.     A  kind  of  garment.     Dress-Undress. 

doub'-le-tongued".  Having  duplicity  of  speech. 
Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty. 

doub'-ling.  Making  as  much  again.  Doubling- 
Halving. 


DOUBLING— HALVING. 


Doubling.     Making  twice  as  much  or  as  many. 

Duplication.     The  act  of  folding  twice. 

Gemination.     A  repetition ;  a  doubling. 

Ingemination.     Same  as  above. 

Iteration.     Going  over  again. 

Reduplication.     Repeating  the  same  again  and  again. 

Renewal.     Beginning  the  same  thing  again,  as  if  anew. 

Doubling — Verbs. 
Double.     To  increase  by  adding  as  much  or  as  many. 
Geminate.     To  bring  forth  in  pairs;  to  double. 
Redouble.     To  multiply;  to  increase  by  adding  many   times  the 

original  quantity. 
Reduplicate.     To  augment  greatly. 
Renew.     See  Nouns. 
Repeat.     To  say  the  same  again;  to  recite  from  memory. 

Doubling — Adjectives. 
Bifacial.     Having  the  opposite  surfaces  alike. 
Bifarious.     Arranged  in  two  parallel  rows. 
Bifold.     Twofold;  of  two  kinds,  degrees,  etc. 
Biform.     Having  two  bodies,  shapes,  and  forms. 
Bilateral.     Having    two    sides;  relating    to    two    sides,    questions, 

parties 
Double.     See  Verbs. 
Doubled.     See  Verbs. 
Double-faced.     Of  two  faces  to  perform  the  same  work;  deceitful; 

hypocritical. 
Duplex.     See  Verbs. 
Duplicate.     See  Verbs. 

Second.     Next  to  the  first;  subordinate;  inferior  in  rank- 
Twofold.     Double. 
Two-sided.     Folded  as  to  have  two  parts. 

Doubling — Adverbs. 
Again;   as  much  again;   in  the  second  place;  once  more;  over  again; 

secondly;  twice;  twofold. 


HALVING — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 
Rent  in  two  by  force. 


Divided;  pertaining  to  cloven  feet. 


Cleft. 
Cloven. 

Demi-i 
Hemi-VHali. 
Semi-  ) 

doubt.  Uncertainty.  Certainty-Doubt,  Faith-Mis- 
giving, Godliness-Disbelief,  Light-Darkness, 
Rhetoric. 

doubt'-ful.  Subject  to  doubt.  Certainty-Doubt, 
Investigation-Answer;  doubtful  meaning,  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity. 

doubt'-ful-nesSc     A  state  of  doubt.     Certainty-Doubt. 

doubt'-lecG.  Confident.  Assent-Disf  '.nt,    Cer- 

tainty-Doubt, Faith-Misgiving. 

dou"-ceur\  A  small  gift.  Giving-Receiving,  Rec- 
ompense-Punition. 

douche.  A  current  of  water  or  vapor  applied  to  some 
part  of  the  body.     Water-Air. 


Bifurcation.     A  forking  or  division  into  t*vo  parts. 

Bipartition.     Dividing  into  two  parts,  alike  or  unlike. 

Bisection.     Dividing  into  two  equal  parts. 

Branching.     Separating  into  two  subordinate  divisions. 

Dichotomy.     Distribution  of  genera  into  two  species. 

Dimidiation.     The  act  of  dividing  .nto  halves. 

Divarication.     Separation  into  two  parts  or  branches. 

Forking.     Diverging  into  two  branches. 

Half.     One  of  the  two  equal  parts  of  a  whole. 

Halving.     Separating  into  two  equal  parts. 

Moiety.     Dividing  an  estate,  goods,  or  profits  into  two  equal  parts. 

Ramification.     A  division  into  principal  and  subordinate  branches. 

Subdichotomy.     Division  into  pairs. 

Halving — Denotations. 
Fold.     A  part  doubled  over  another. 

Fork.     A  device  consisting  of  a  handle  and  two  or  more  prongs. 
Prong.     The  tine  of  a  fork;  branch  of  anything. 

Halving — Verbs. 
Bifurcate.     See  Nouns. 
Bisect.     See  Nouns, 
Branch  off .     To  diverge;  deviate. 
Branch  out.     To  enlarge;  expand. 
Cleave.     Divide  by  force;  rive;  break. 
Cut  in  two.     Separate  into  two,  not  necessarily  equal. 
Demidiate.     See  Nouns. 
Dichotomize.     See  Nouns. 
Divide.     To  apportion  equally  between  two. 
Divide  with.     To  share  equally  with  another. 
Fork.     To  divide  the  main-rod ;  to  branch  off. 
Go  halves.     See  Divide  with. 

Halve.     To  divide  into  equal  or  nearly  equal  parts;  hence,  to  lessen. 
Ramify.     See  Nouns. 
Separate.     To  disconnect  two;  to  sunder. 

Ha  l  v  1  n  g — A  djectives. 
Biconjugate.     Twice  paired. 
Bicuspid.     Double  pointed;  like  bicuspid  teeth. 
Bifid.     Cleft  to  the  middle. 
Bifurcate.     See  sub  Noun. 
Bifurcous.     Having  two  forks. 
Bipartite.     See  Nouns. 
Bisected.     See  Nouns. 

(Continued  on  Column  1.) 

dough.     A  portion  of  soft  moistened  flour.     Hardness- 
Softness,  PuLPINESS-OlLINESS. 

dough'-ty.     Brave.     Bravery-Cowardice. 
dough'-y.     Like  dough.     Hardness-Softness. 
dour.     Hard.     Harshness-Mildness. 
douse.       To  dip  suddenly.       Recompense-Punition, 

Spring-Dive,  Water-Air. 
dove.        A  pigeon;    the  symbol  of  the   Holy  Ghost. 

Divinity,   Innocence-Guilt;    roar  like  a  sucking 

dove,  Turbulence-Calmness. 
dove'-cote".       House  for  tame  pigeons.       Dweller* 

Habitation. 
dove'-like.     Like  a  dove.     Innocence-Guilt. 


DOVETAIL. 


302 


DRAME,  COMEDTE. 


dove'-tail".     To  join  together  with  tenons  shaped  like 
a  dove's  spread  tail.     Crossing,    Environment-In 
terposition,    Harmony-Discord,    Injection-Ejec- 
tion, Union-Disunion. 
dove '-tailed".      Having  the   form  of  a   dovetail   joint. 

Angularity. 
dove'-tail"-ing.     Making  a  dovetail  joint.     Environ- 
ment-Interposition. 
dow'-a-ger.     A    widow    with    dower.      Male-Female, 

Matrimony-Divorce. 
dow'-dy.      A    slovenly    woman.     "Cleanness-Filthi- 

ness,  Taste-Vulgarity. 
dow'-er.  A  widow's  portion.  Property. 
dow'-er-less.  Without  dower.  Affluence-Penury. 
down.  To  a  lower  level,  place,  etc.  Height-Low- 
ness;  bear  down  upon,  Attack-Defense;  be  down 
upon,  Attack  -  Defense,  Harshness  -  Mildness; 
come  down,  Ascent-Descent;  down  in  price,  Cost- 
liness-Cheapness; down  in  the  mouth,  Contented- 
n ess-Discontentment,  Lightheartedn ess-Dejec- 
tion; down  on  one's  marrow-bones,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness;  get  down,  Ascent-Descent;  go 
down,  Ascent-Descent,  Betterment-Deterior- 
ation; go  down  like  a  stone,  Spring-Dive;  money 
down,  Settlement-Default;  takedown,  Eleva- 
tion-Depression, Mark-Obliteration;  Selfre- 
spect-Humbleness. 

down.  The  fine  soft  feathers  of  birds.  Hardness- 
Softness,  Heaviness-Lightness,  Smoothness- 
Roughness,  bed  of  down,  Sensuality-Suffering, 
Toil-Relaxation. 

down'-cast".  Directed  to  the  ground.  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection;  downcast  eyes,  Selfrespect- 
Humbleness. 

down' -fall".  A  falling  downward.  Ascent-Descent, 
Creation-Destruction,  Success-Failure,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune. 

down' -fall' -en.  Fallen.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion. 

down'-heart"-ed.  With  the  heart  cast  down.  Light- 
he  artedness-Dejection. 

down'-hill".  Sloping.  Ascent-Descent,  Parallel- 
ism-Inclination; go  down-hill,  Betterment-De- 
terioration. Welfare-Misfortune. 

down'pour".  The  act  of  pouring  down.  River- 
Wind. 

down' -right".  Straight  down.  Craft-Artlessness, 
Magnitude-Smallness,   Manifestation-Latency 

downs.  Undulating  land  covered  with  turf.  Gulf- 
Plain. 

down'-trod"-den.  Trodden  under  foot.  Liberty- 
Subjection,  Regard-Scorn,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit, Success-Failure,  Yielding. 

down'-ward.  To  a  lower  level.  Ascent-Descent, 
Deepness.  Shallowness. 

down'-y.  Like  down.  Hardness-Softness,  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness. 

dow'-ry.  The  property  a  wife  brings  to  her  husband. 
Affluence-Penury,  Property. 

dowse.     To  immerse.     Impetus-Reaction. 

dox-ol'-o-gy.  A  hymn  of  praise  to  God.  Devotion- 
Idolatry. 

dox'-y.     Slang.     A  mistress.     Purity-Rake. 

doy'-ley.     A  napkin.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

doze.     A  light  sleep.     Activity-Indolence. 

doz'-en.     Twelve  of  a  kind.     Five-Quinquesection. 

do'zy.     Inclined  to  doze.     Activity-Indolence. 

drab.     A  yellowish-gray  color.     Gray-Brown. 

drab.  A  slattern.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Purity- 
Rake. 

drab'-ble.     To  draggle.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

drachm.     A  unit  of  weight.      Heaviness-Lightness. 

Dra'-co.  An  Athenian  archon,  about  621  B.  C,  noted 
for  severity.     Harshness-Mildness,  Manager. 


Dra-co'-ni-an.     Of  Draco.     Harshness-Mildness. 

draff.  Refuse  from  breweries.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness. 

draft  [Sometimes  draught].  The  act  of  drawing,  in  any 
sense;  that  which  is  drawn;  a  current;  depth  to  which 
a  vessel  sinks;  a  levy.  Belligerent,  Deepness- 
Shallowness,  Delineation-Caricature,  Design, 
Digest,  Money,  Multiplicity-Paucity,  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion, Painting,  Push-Pull,  River- 
Wind;  draft  off,  Establishment-Removal,  Gath- 
ering-Scattering, Transfer. 

draft'-horse".     A   horse   fit    for   heavy   loads.     Con- 

YEYOR. 

drafts'-man  [Sometimes  draughtsman].  One  who 
makes  plans.     Artist. 

drag.  Anything  which  drags.  Conveyance-Vessel, 
•  Motive-Caprice,  Obstruction-Help,  Push-Pull, 
Release-Prison,  Swiftness-Slowness;  drag  a 
chain,  Lastingness-Transientness,  Liberty-Sub- 
jection, Toil-Relaxation;  drag  before  the  repub- 
lic, Publicity;  drag  into,  Coercion,  Inclusion- 
Omission;  drag  into  open  day,  Publicity;  drag  on, 
Lastingness-Transientness;  drag  slow  length, 
Entertainment-Weariness;  drag  through  mire, 
Reputation-Discredit;  drag  towards,  Attraction- 
Repulsion;  put  on  the  drag,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

drag'-gle.  To  drag  on  the  ground.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness. 

drag'-gle-tail".  A  bedraggled  person.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness. 

drag'-gle-tailed".  Bedraggled.  Cleanness-Filthiness. 

drag'-net".  A  net  drawn  at  the  bottom  of  the  water. 
Universality-Particularity. 

drag'-o-man.  An  interpreter  for  foreign  travelers  in 
the  East.     Interpreter. 

drag'-on.  A  fabulous  monster.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Favorite  -  Quarrelsome- 
ness, Turbulence-Calmness. 

drag"-on-nade'.  Persecution  by  the  use  of  troops,  after 
the  fashion  of  Louis  XIV.  Attack-Defense,  Rec- 
ompense-Punition. 

drag-oon'.  A  British  cavalryman.  Belligerent, 
Charitableness-Malevolence,  Coercion,  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness. 

drain.  To  draw  off  gradually.  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Cleanness-Filthiness,  Dampness-Dryness, 
Entrance-Exit,  Extravagance-Avarice,  Pro- 
vision-Waste, Taking- Restitution,  Water- 
course-Airpipe;  drain  into,  River-Wind;  drain  of 
resources,  Excess-Lack;  drain  the  cup,  Nutriment- 
Excretion,  Teetotalism-Intemperance;  drain 
the  cup  of  misery,  Pleasure-Pain. 

drain'-age.  The  act  of  draining.  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Cleanness-Filthiness,  Dampness-Dryness, 
Entrance-Exit. 

drake.  A  male  duck.  Male-Female;  firedrake, 
Luminary-Shade. 

dram.  A  drink  of  liquor;  unit  of  weight.  Measure, 
Motive-Caprice,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Pun- 
gency; dram-drinking,  Teetotalism-Intemper- 
ance. 

dra'-ma.  A  composition  suited  to  action  on  the  stage. 
Acting. 

dra-mat'-ic  Of  the  drama.  Acting,  Pomp;  dramatic 
author,    Acting;  dramatic    poetry,   Poetry-Prose. 

dramatis  persarue[L.]  (dram'-a-tis  per-so'-ni).  The  char- 
acters in  a  play.  Acting,  Agent,  Association, 
Humanity. 

dram'-a-tist.     A  writer  of  dramas.     Acting. 

dram'-a-tur"-gy.  The  art  of  dramatic  composition  and 
representation.     Acting. 

drame  [F.]  (dram).     Drama.     Acting. 

drame,  comedie  [F.]  (dram,  co-me-di').  Comedy 
drama.     Acting. 


DRAP  U'OR. 


303 


DRESS— UNDRESS. 


irap  d'or  [F.]  (dra  dor).  Cloth  of  gold.  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement. 

drape.     To  cover  or  clothe.     Dress-Undress. 

dra-per-y.  That  with  which  anything  is  draped. 
Dress-Undress. 

dras'-tic.     Acting  with  vigor.     Vigor-Inertia. 

draught.     See  Draft. 

draughts.  The  game  of  checkers.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

draughts'-man.     See  Draftsman. 

draw.  To  make  move.  Delineation-Caricature, 
Gain-Loss,  Injection-Ejection,  Money,  Motive- 
Caprice,  Painting,  Push-Pull,  Taking-Restitu- 
tion; draw  a  curtain,  Luminary-Shade;  draw  a 
parallel,  Connection-Independence;  draw  a  picture, 
Account;  draw  an  inference,  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment;  draw  and  quarter,  Recompense-Punition; 
draw  aside,  Aim-Aberration;  draw  back,  Advance- 
Retrogression;  draw  breath,  Alleviation-Aggra- 
vation, Emotion,  Weariness-Refreshment;  draw 
down,  Cause-Effect;  draw  forth,  Use-Disuse; 
draw  from,  Outlay-Income;  draw  in,  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution; draw  in  one's  horns,  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Conceit-Diffidence,  Selfrespect- 
Humbleness,  Yielding;  draw  lots,  Purpose-Luck; 
draw  near,  Approach-Withdrawal,  Future-Past; 
draw  off,  Admission-Expulsion,  Obstruction- 
Help;  draw  off  the  attention,  Heed-Disregard; 
draw  on,  Future-Past,  Motive-Caprice,  Occur- 
rence-Destiny; draw  on  futurity,  Earliness- 
Lateness;  draw  out,  Discovery,  Earliness-Late- 
ness,  Injection-Ejection,  Lastingness-Tran- 
sientness,  Manifestation-Latency,  Terseness- 
Prolixity;  draw  over,  Motive-Caprice;  draw 
front,  Gain-Loss;  draw  the  line,  Differentiation- 
ndiscrimination;  draw  the  pen  through,  Mark- 
Obliteration;  draw  the  sword,  Attack-Defense, 
Fighting-Conciliation;  draw  the  teeth  of,  Might- 
Impotence;  draw  the  veil,  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy; draw  together,  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Gathering-Scattering;  draw  towards,  Attrac- 
tion-Repulsion; draw  up,  Movement-Rest,  Regu- 
larity-Irregularity, Writing-Printing;  draw 
up  a  statement,  Account  ;  draw  upon,  Money. 

draw'-back".  A  hindrance.  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness,  Good-Evil,  Obstruction-Help,  Price-Dis- 
count. 

draw'-bridge" .  A  bridge  that  may  be  drawn.  Escape, 
Way. 

draw'-can-sir.  A  bully.  Brawler.  [From  a  charac- 
ter in  The  Rehearsal.  ] 

draw-ee'.  One  on  whom  a  bill  of  exchange  is  drawn. 
Money. 

draw'-er.  One  who  draws.  Artist,  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Money;  drawer  of  water,  Agent. 

draw'-ers.     An  undergarment.     Dress-Undress. 

draw'-ing.  Delineating.  Delineation-Caricature, 
Painting,  Push-Pull. 

draw'-ing-room".  A  room  to  receive  company  in. 
Gathering-Scattering,  Greatness-Littleness, 
Society-Ludicrousness. 


drawl.  A  slow  monotonous  utterance.  Activity-In- 
dolence, Length-Shortness,  Speech-Inartic- 
ulateness. Swiftness-Slowness, 

drawn.  Not  decided.  Equality-Inequality;  drawn 
battle,  Completion-Noncompletion,  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation. 

dray.  A  low  cart  for  heavy  loads.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

dray'-man.  One  who  drives  a  dray.  Wayfarer- 
Seafarer. 

dread.     To  fear  greatly.     Sanguineness-Timidity. 

dread'-ful.  Causing  dread.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Goodness  -  Badness,  Lightheartedness  -  Dejec- 
tion, Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Sanguine- 
ness-Timidity. 

dread'-ful-ly.     In  a  dreadful  way.     Magnitude-Small- 

NESS. 

dread'-less.     Without  dread.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

dread'-nought".  A  kind  of  garment.  Dress-Un- 
dress. 

dream.  To  have  a  vision  while  asleep.  Activity-In- 
dolence, Fancy,  Heed-Disregard,  Reflection- 
Vacancy,  Substance -Nullity,  Truth-Error; 
dream  of,  Purpose-Luck,  Reflection-Vacancy; 
golden  dream,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

dream'-er.  One  who  dreams.  Fancy,  Saneness- 
Maniac. 

dream'-ing.  Thinking  in  sleep;  indulging  in  fancy. 
Fancy;  ■  dreaming  on  other  things,  Heed-Disre- 
gard. 

dream'-y.  Of  dreams.  Activity-Indolence,  Heed- 
Disregard,  Substance-Nullity. 

drear'-y.  Causing  sadness.  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Soli- 
tude-Company. 

dredge.  An  apparatus  for  raising  something  from 
under  water.  Elevation-Depression,  Gather- 
ing-Scattering, Injection-Ejection. 

dreg'-gy.     Full  of  dregs.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

dregs.  Sediment.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Incre- 
ment-Remnant, Usefulness-Uselessness;  dregs 
of  the  people,  Gentility-Democracy;  dregs  of  vice, 
Virtue-Vice. 

drench.  To  saturate.  Dampness-Dryness,  Excess- 
Lack,  Nutriment -Excretion,  River -Wind, 
Water-Air;  drench  with  physic,  Remedy-Bane. 

drenched.     Thoroughly  wet.     Excess-Lack. 

drench'-ing.     Wetting  thoroughly.     Water-Air. 

drench'-ing-rain".  A  rain  that  saturates.  River- 
Wind. 

dress.  That  which  is  used  to  cover  the  body.  Dress- 
Undress,  Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Equal- 
ity-Inequality, Harmony-Discord,  Pomp,  Prepa- 
ration-Nonpreparation,  Recompense-Punition, 
Society-Ludicrousness;  dress  the  ground,  Domes- 
tication-Agriculture; dress  to  advantage,  Em- 
bellishment-Disfigurement; dress  up,  Delinea- 
tion-Caricature, Pre  paration-Non  preparation, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood;  dress  wounds,  Remedy- 
Bane;  full  dress,  Embellishment-Disfigurement, 
Pomp,  Society-Ludicrousness. 


DRESS— U  NDRESS. 


Accouterment.     Equipment  in  general ;  apparel;  dress. 

Apparel.     Raiment;  garb;  clothing. 

Array.     Clothing  for  the  body. 

Attire.     Dress  or  clothing;  garments. 

Canonicals,  etc.  The  robes  prescribed  by  canon  to  be  worn  by  the 
clergy  when  they  officiate,  etc.     See  Vestments. 

Caparison.  Decorative  trappings,  as  for  a  horse;  showy  or  sump- 
tuous apparel . 

Clothes.     Articles  of  raiment  worn  by  human  beings. 

Clothing.      Dress  in  general ;  garments. 

Costume.     The  garments,  collectively,  worn  at  one  time. 


Bareness,  etc .     The  state  of  being  bare.     See  Adjectives. 

Decortication.  The  act  of  stripping  off  the  bark,  rind,  hull  or  outer 
coat. 

Denudation.   The  act  of  stripping  off  covering  or  removing  the  surface. 

Depilation.     Act  of  pulling  out  or  removing  the  hair. 

Desquamation.  The  separation  or  shedding  of  the  cjticle  or  epi- 
dermis in  the  form  of  flakes  or  scales. 

Dishabille,  etc.     A  loose,  negligent  dress,  etc.     See  Dress. 

Divestment.      The  act  of  divesting  or  unclothing. 

Excoriation.  Act  of  excoriating  or  flaying,  or  state  of  being  excori- 
ated or  stripped  of  skin. 


DRESS— UNDRESS. 


304 


DRESS. 


DRESS— U  N  DRESS—  Continued. 


Covering,  etc.     Anything  which  serves  to  eover,  etc.     See  Cover. 

Drapery.     Loosely  hanging  attire  on  figures  in  painting  and  sculpture. 

Dress.  That  which  is  worn  as  a  covering  for  the  body;  clothes  col- 
lectively; the  outer  garment  of  a  woman  or  child;  elegant  or 
fashionable  attire. 

Equipment.  Whatever  constitutes  an  outfit  for  some  special  pur- 
pose. 

Garb.  The  complete  dress  of  a  person;  especially,  a  characteristic 
dress. 

Garment.     An  article  of  clothing. 

Gear.     Equipment;  clothing. 

Guise.     The  external  appearance  as  produced  by  garb  or  costume. 

Habiliment.     An  article  of  clothing. 

Harness.  The  equipment  put  upon  a  draft-animal  in  order  to  attach 
it  for  work  to  a  wheeled  vehicle  or  the  like. 

Ice-wool.     A  kind  of  fabric  for  wear. 

Investment.     A  covering;  the  act  of  investing. 

Livery.  A  uniform  worn  by  servants;  the  distinguishing  dress  of  any 
organization. 

Outfit.     A  fitting  out  or  equipment. 

Palliament.     A  dress;  a  robe. 

Raiment.     Wearing-apparel. 

Regimentals.     Military  uniform. 

Rigging.     Dress. 

Sable.     Black  dress,  indicating  mourning. 

Slops.     Cheap,  ready-made  clothing. 

Suit.  A  set  of  things  having  individual  use,  but  together  consti- 
tuting an  outfit. 

Things.     Clothes,  especially  outer  garments. 

Toggery.     Togs  collectively;  clothes. 

Togs.     Articles  of  clothing. 

Toilet.     A  person's  actual  dress  or  style  of  dress. 

Toilette  [F.].     Attire;  dress. 

Trappings.     Ornamental  housing  or  harness  for  a  horse. 

Traps.     Small  or  portable  articles  for  dress. 

Trim.     Proper  fashion,  or  becoming  ornament;  costume;  dress. 

Trousseau  [F.].     A  bride's  outfit. 

Turn-out.  That  which  is  prominently  brought  forward  or  exhibited; 
hence,  an  equipage. 

Uniform.  A  dress  of  uniform  style  and  appearance,  worn  by  persons 
belonging  to  some  body,  organization,  etc.,  for  distinguishing  them 
as  members  of  that  body. 

Vestment.  An  article  of  dress;  clothing;  a  garment  or  robe  of  state 
or  office 

Vesture.     Garments;  clothing. 

Wardrobe.     Entire  outfit  in  garments  of  any  one  person. 

Wearing  apparel.     Apparel  designed  for  wear. 

Dress — Denotations. 

Antigropelos.     Water-proof  leggings. 

Apron.  An  article  of  dress  made  of  cloth  or  leather  to  protect  the 
front  of  a  person's  clothes. 

Baby-linen.     A  baby's  clothing. 

Balmoral.  A  petticoat  made  of  striped  woolen  stuff;  an  ankle-boot. 
[Balmoral,   Scotland.] 

Bearskin.     A  cap  made  of  the  skin  of  a  bear. 

Beaver.     A  hat  made  of  beaver-fur. 

Bedgown.     A  night-dress. 

Berretta.     A  head-dress  for  men. 

Bib.     A  cloth  worn  under  the  chin  for  cleanliness. 

Billy-cock.     A  low-crowned  felt  hat. 

Birrus.     A  woolen  cap  or  hood. 

Blouse.     A  working  shirt  or  frock. 

Blucherboot.     A  half-boot.    [German  general.] 

Boa.     A  long  fur  worn  by  women. 

Bodice.     A  close-fitting  waist  of  a  woman's  dress. 

Body  clothes.     Clothing  for  the  body. 

Bonnet.     A  woman's  head-dress. 

Boot.     A  covering  for  the  foot  and  lower  leg. 

Bornouse.    See  Burnoose. 

Breeches.     A  man's  garment  extending  from  the  waist  to  the  feet. 

Brogue.     A  rude  shoe  of  untanned  hide. 

Burnoose.     A  white  woolen  mantle  with  a  hood. 

Burnous.     See  Burnoose. 

Busby.     A  tall  fur  cap,  withor  without  a  plume. 

Buskin.     A  shoe  reaching  half  way  to  the  knee,  worn  in  tragedy. 

Bustle.  A  pad  or  frame  worn  by  women  on  the  back  below  the 
waist. 

Caftan.     An  Arab  and  Turkish  undercoat. 

Calash.     A  woman's  hood  having  hoops  like  a  calash-top. 

Calico.  Cotton  cloth  with  a  figured  design  printed  on  one  side.  [Cal- 
icut, India.] 


Exfoliation.     The  scaling  off  of  a  bone,  a  rock,  a  mineral,  etc.;  the 

state  of  being  exfoliated. 
Molting.     The  act  of  casting,  as  the  hair,  skin,  feathers,  or  the  like. 
Nudation.     The  act  of  stripping,  or  making  bare  or  naked. 
Nudity.     The  quality  of  state  or  being  nude ;  nakedness. 
Taking  off,  etc.     Removing;  divesting,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Undress.     A  loose,  negligent  dress. 

Undress — Verbs. 

Bare.     Lay  bare;  uncover;  strip. 

Cast  off.     Throw  off;  shed  in  process  of  growth. 

Cast  the  skin.     Shed  the  skin. 

Decorticate.     Strip  off  the  bark  or  outer  cover  of;  peel. 

Denude.     Make  naked. 

Dismantle.     Strip  of  furniture,  equipments,  or  defenses;  divest. 

Disrobe, etc.     Unclothe;  undress;  strip.     See  Dress. 

Divest.     Strip,  as  of  clothes. 

Doff.     Take  off,  as  a  hat  or  cloak;  strip  off. 

Excoriate.     Strip  off  the  skin  or  covering  of;  abrade. 

Exfoliate.  Remove  scales,  flakes,  etc.,  from;  come  off  in  scales  or 
flakes. 

Expose.     Lay  bare  or  open. 

Flay.     Strip  off  the  skin  from;  skin. 

Lay  open.     Uncover;  expose;  reveal. 

Mew.     Molt. 

Molt.  Cast  off,  as  hair,  feathers,  etc.;  shed  the  outside  integument 
or  its  appendages. 

Pare.     Cut  the  outside  part  from  apples  and  the  like. 

Peel.     Strip  off  the  bark  or  skin  of  trees,  peaches,  and  the  like. 

Put  off.     Lay  aside;  discard,  as  a  robe. 

Scalp.  Tear  or  remove  the  scalp  from;  hence,  to  remove  the  cover- 
ing or  top  of  anything. 

Skin.     Strip  or  peel  the  skin  from. 

Strip.  Pull  off  the  covering  from;  denude;  remove  one's  clothing; 
undress 

Take  off.     Remove,  as  from  the  surface  or  outside. 

Uncoif .     Deprive  of  the  coif  or  cap. 

Uncover,  etc.  Take  the  cover  from;  divest  of  the  hat  or  cap.  etc. 
See  Cover. 

Undress.     Divest  of  clothes;  strip;  disrobe. 

Undress — Adjectives. 
Bald.     Destitute  of  hair  or  natural  clothing. 
Bald  as  a  coot.     Figurative  for  very  bald,  the  common  coot  having  a 

bald  forehead. 
Bare.     Devoid  of  covering  or  dress;  naked. 
Bare  as  the  back  of  one's  hand.     Figurative  for  bare. 
Barefoot.     With  feet  bare. 

Callow.     Not  yet  feathered  out;  unfledged;  hairless. 
Divested.     Stripped ,  as  of  clothes. 
Exposed.     Laid  bare  or  open . 
Hairless.     Without  hair;  bald. 
In  a  state  of  nature.     Naked  as  when  born. 
In  birthday  suit.     Nude. 
In  buff.     Naked. 

In  dishabille.     Having  on  a  loose,  negligent  dress. 
In  native  buff.     Naked  as  when  born. 
In  nature's  garb.     Naked. 
In  puris  naturaltbus  [L  ].     Quite  naked. 
Leafless.     Having  no  leafage. 
Naked.     Having  no  clothes  on;  bare;  stripped. 
Napless      Made  without  a  nap;  threadbare. 
Nude.     Destitute  of  clothing  or  covering;  naked. 
Out  at  elbows.     With  coat  worn  through  at  the  elbows;  shabby. 
Ragged.     Worn  out ;  wearing  frayed  or  shabby  garments. 
Roofless.     Having  no  roof;  destitute  of  shelter. 
Stark  naked.     Wholly  naked;  quite  bare. 
Threadbare.     Worn  so  that  the  threads  show;    clad  in  garments 

worn  so  that  the  threads  show. 
Undraped.     Stripped  of  drapery ;  uncovered. 
Undressed.     Divested  of  clothes;  stripped;  disrobed. 
With  nothing  on.     Naked;  nude;  stripped. 


DRESS — Denotations — Continued. 

Cambric.     A  fine  white  linen  fabric. 

Catnisole  [F.].     A  short  night-dress. 

Cap.     A  covering  for  the  head. 

Cape.     A  sleeveless  garment  worn  over  the  shoulders. 

Capote.     A  hooded  coat  or  cloak. 

Cardinal.     A  short  hooded  cloak. 

Cashmere.     A  fine,  soft  woolen  dress  fabric. 

Casque.     A  helmet. 


DRESS. 


305 


DRESS. 


DRESS — Denotations — Continued. 


Cassock.     A  close-fitting  priests'  garment. 

Castor.     Hat  or  cap. 

Chapeau  [F.].     A  hat. 

Chemise.     A  woman's  undergarment. 

Chignon  [F.].     A  roll  of  hair  worn  on  the  back  of  the  head  by 

women. 
Chlamys.     A  loose  outer  garment  worn  by  the  ancient  Greeks. 
Cloak.     A  loose  outer  garment  for  men  or  women. 
Clog.     A  shoe  with  thick  wooden  sole  and  heel. 
Coat.     An  outer  garment  for  the  upper  part  of  the  body. 
Coif.     Any  close-fitting  cap  or  head-dress. 
Coiffure  [F.].     Head-dress. 
Collar.     A  band  worn  around  the  throat. 

Comforter.     A  ±ong  woolen  scarf. 

Corsage.     The  waist  of  a  woman's  dress. 

Corselet.     The  complete  armor  of  a  soldier. 

Corset.     A  close-fitting  bodice  stiffened  by  strips  of  steel  or  whale- 
bone, worn  for  the  purpose  of  giving  shape  to  the  figure. 

Cravat.     A  neckcloth.     [Croats.] 

Crinoline.     A  hoop-skirt. 

Crown      A  decorative  circlet  for  the  head.     See  Circle. 

Csako.     A  stiff  high  military  cap. 

Cuff.     A  band  worn  about  the  wrist. 

Dishabille.     A  loose-fitting  dress. 

Domino.     A  loose  flowing  hooded  garment  worn  by  priests. 

Doublet.     A  close-fitting  outer  garment  belted  at  the  waist. 

Drawers.     An  undergarment. 

Dreadnought.     A  garment  made  of  heavy  cloth. 

Dress  coat.     A  coat  for  evening  wear. 

Dressing-gown.     A  loose  gown  worn  while  dressing. 

Faille.     A  soft  silk. 

Farthingale.     A  hoop-skirt  of  the  1 6th  and  1 7th  centuries. 

Ferrandine.     A  stuff  of  silk  and  wool. 

Fez.     A  brimless  felt  cap  worn  by  the  Turks. 

Filibeg.     A  kilt. 

Finery,  etc.     Ornamental  dress.     See  Embellishment. 

Forage  cap.     A  small  low  cap  worn  by  soldiers. 

Foreskirt.     The  front  part  of  a  skirt. 

Foresleeve.     The  sleeve  below  the  elbow. 

Frock.     The  outer  garment  of  a  woman. 

Frock  coat.     A  coat  for  men's  wear  having  long  skirts. 

Front.     False  hair  for  the  fore  part  of  the  head. 

Full  dress  etc.     The  dress  required  to  be  worn  at  formal  social  gath- 
erings.    See  Pomp. 

Gabardine.     A  long  loose  cloak. 

Gaiter.     A  cloth  or  leather  covering  for  the  ankle  and  lower  leg. 

Galligaskins.      Long  loose  hose  worn  in  the  1 6th  century. 

Galoche.     A  wooden  shoe. 

Gamache '_F .].     A  high  boot.  , 

Gambado.     A  bootlike  stirrup. 

Garniture.     Ornamental  clothing. 

Gaskins.     Packing  of  hemp  or  the  like. 

Gauntlet,     A  glove  with  a  long  wrist -extension. 

Girdle.     A  belt  worn  about  the  waist.     See  Circle. 

Glove.     A  covering  for  the  hand. 

Goloshes.     Overshoes. 

Gown.     A  woman's  dress  or  outer  garment. 

Greatcoat.     An  overcoat. 

Sreave.     Armor  for  the  upper  leg. 

Habit.     An  outer  garment  or  garments. 

Haik.     An  Oriental  outside  garment. 

Handkerchief.     A  piece  of  cloth  for  wiping  the  face  or  nose. 

Hat,     A  covering  for  the  head. 

Head.  ) 

Head-dress.  >  Something  worn  on  the  head. 

Hoad-gear.  J 

Helmet.     Armor  for  the  head. 

Hessian  boot.     High  boots  worn  early  in  the  1  gth  century. 

High-'ow,     A  laced  boot  ankle-high. 

Hood      A  head  cover. 

Horse-cloth.     A  cloth  to  cover  a  horse. 

Hose.     A  covering  for  the  foot  and  lower  leg. 

Hosiery.     See  Hose. 

Houppelande  [F.].     A  greatcoat. 

Housing.     A  leather  cover  attached  to  a  horse-collar. 

Huke.     An  outer  garment  worn  in  the  middle  ages. 

Inexpressibles.     Trousers. 

Jack-boot.     A  heavy  top-boot  reaching  above  the  knee. 

Jacket.     A  short  garment  for  the  upper  part  of  the  body. 

Jerkin.     A  waistcoat. 

Jersey.     A  thick  knit  shirt. 

Jupe.     A  sleeveless  jacket  worn  over  the  armor  in  the  14th  century. 

Kipi  [F.].     A  military  cap. 
20 


Kerchief.     A  covering  for  the  neck ;  a  handkerchief. 

Kilt.     The  skirt  worn  by  the  Scotch  Highlanders. 

Kirtle.     A  garment  with  a  skirt. 

Knickerbockers.  Wide  knee-breeches  gathered  below  the  knee. 
[Dutch  New  Yorkers.] 

Layette  [F.].     Baby-linen. 

Legging.     A  covering  for  the  lower  leg. 

Linen.     Fabric  woven  from  the  fibers  of  flax;  clothing  made  of  linen. 

Mackintosh.     A  water-proof  outer  garment.  [Man's  name.] 

Mantelet.     A  small  mantle  worn  by  women. 

Mantilla.     A  lady's  light  cloak  or  cape. 

Mantle.  A  loose  garment  without  sleeves  worn  over  the  other  gar- 
ments. 

Mantua.     A  woman's  cloak  or  gown.    [Place  name.] 

Mask.     A  covering  for  the  face. 

Millinery.     Women's  bonnets^  hats,  and  the  like.     [Milan,  Italy.] 

Mitten.     A  covering  for  the  hand. 

Mobcap      A  woman's  or  girl's  cap. 

Moccasin.  A  shoe  made  of  toft  leather,  worn  by  North  American 
Indians. 

Morion.     An  open  helmet. 

Morning  dress.     Dress  suitable  for  the  morning  hours. 

Mourning.     Clothing  suitable  to  be  worn  as  a  manifestation  of  grief. 

Muff  A  covering  into  which  the  hands  are  thrust  from  opposite 
ends. 

Muffler.     A  scarf  worn  about  the  throat. 

Mufti.     A  citizen's  dress  when  worn  by  a  naval  or  military  officer. 

Murrion.     An  open  helmet. 

Neckcloth.     A  covering  for  the  neck. 

Neckerchief.     A  kerchief  for  the  neck. 

Nigligt  [F.].     Undress. 

Nightcap.     A  covering  for  the  head,  worn  during  sleep. 

Nightgown.)  A     .  ,  ,.   , 

Nightshirt,  1  A  night-dress. 

Old  clothes.     Clothes  the  worse  for  wear. 

Overalls.     High  loose  trousers  worn  over  the  clothing. 

Overcoat.     An  outer  coat  worn  over  the  other  clothing. 

Paletot  [F.].     An  overcoat. 

Pall.     A  cover  thrown  over  a  coffin. 

Panier  [F.].     A  hoop-petticoat. 

Pantaloons.     Trousers. 

Patten.     A  thick-soled  wooden  shoe. 

P«^o.t.}A^'acket- 

Pea-jacket.     A  thick  coat  worn  by  sailors. 

Pelerine.     A  woman's  cape. 

Pelisse  [F.].     An  outer  garment  for  men  or  women. 

Pelt .     An  undressed  fur-skin . 

Periwig.     A  head-dress  of  false  hair. 

Peruke.     A  wig. 

Petticoat.     A  woman's  undergarment. 

Philibeg.     A  kilt. 

Pickelhaube  [G.].     A  helmet. 

Pinafore.     A  sleeveless  apron. 

Plaid.  A  woolen  garment  worn  by  Scotch  Highlanders  of  both 
sexes. 

Pocket-handkerchief.     A  handkerchief. 

Poncho.  A  blanket  worn  by  Spanish  Americans  as  an  outer  gar- 
ment. 

Pump.     A  low  shoe  with  a  thin  sole. 

Rags.     Wornout  clothes. 

Robe.     A  long,  loose,  flowing  garment  worn  over  the  other  dress. 

Roquelaure  [F.].     A  cloak  reaching  a  little  below  the  knees. 

Ruff.  A  high  fluted  collar  worn  in  the  16th  century  by  both  men  and 
women. 

Sandal.  A  shoe  consisting  only  of  sole  and  heel  held  to  the  foot  by 
cords. 

Sark.     A  shirt  or  chemise. 

Scarf.     A  long  knitted  sash  worn  around  the  neck. 

Scullcap.     A  cap  closely  fitting  the  skull. 

Shako.     A  military  cap. 

Shawl.     A  wrap  worn  on  the  upper  part  of  the  body. 

Shift.     A  chemise. 

Shirt.     A  garment  for  the  arms  and  upper  part  of  the  body. 

Shoe.     A  covering  for  the  foot  and  ankle. 

Shooting  coat.     A  canvas  coat  worn  by  gunners. 

Skirts.     That  part  of  the  dress  that  hangs  below  the  waist. 

Skullcap.     A  tight-fitting  cap. 

Sleeve.     The  part  of  a  garment  that  covers  the  arm 

Slipper.     A  low,  light  shoe. 

Small-clothes.     A  man's  undergarments  for  the  hips  and  thighs. 

Smalls.     Small-clothes. 

Smock.     A  woman's  undergarment. 


DRESS. 


306 


DRIFT. 


DRESS — Denotations — Continued. 


Smockfrock.     A    frock    resembling   a    shirt    worn    over    the    other 

clothes,  by  field -laborers  in  England. 
Snood.     A  fillet  for  binding  the  hair. 
Snow-snoe.     A  broad  long  frame  attached  to  the  shoe,  for  walking  on 

snow. 
Sock.     A  half  hose. 
Sontag.     A  woman's  knitted  cape. 
Spatter-dash.     A  legging  reaching  to  the  knee. 
Spencer.     A  short  jacket  for  men  and  women. 
Stays.     Corsets. 

Stock.     A  band  worn  around  the  neck. 
Stocking.     A  covering  for  the  foot  and  lower  leg. 
Stomacher.     An  article  of  dress  for  the  breast  and  stomach  worn  by 

men  and  women  in  the  15th  century. 
Surcoat.     An  outer  coat  or  garment. 
Surtout  IF.].     An  overcoat 

Swaddling  cloth.     A  cloth  used  to  bandage  an  infant. 
Tabard.     A  tunic  or  mantle. 
Tablier.     An  apron-like  part  of  a  woman's  dress. 
Taffeta.     A  silk  and  linen,  or  silk  and  wool  fabric 
Taglioni.     A  style  of  overcoat. 
Tail-coat.     A  coat  with  tails. 
Tailoring.     Articles  of  dress. 
Taj.     A  head-dress.     [Persian,] 
Talaria.      Winged  boots. 
falma.     A  long  cape  or  cloak. 
Tam-o'-shanter.     A  tight-fitting  woolen  cap. 
Tarboosh.     A  red  cap  with  a  tassel  worn  in  Moslem  countries. 
Tarlatan.     A  fi.je  muslin. 
Tatters.     Wornoat  clothes. 
Theatrical  properties.     Dramatic  costumes 


Tie.     A  band  worn  around  the  neck. 

Tights.     A  skin-fitting  garment. 

Tile.     A  high,  stiff  silk  hat. 

Tippet.     A  scarflike  garment  for  the  neck. 

Toga.     A  loose  outer  garment  worn  by  the  Romans. 

Top-boot.     A  boot  with  a  high  top. 

Trousers.     A  man's  garment  covering  the  body  from  the  waist  to  tb* 

feet. 
Trowsers.     See  Trousers. 
Trunk  hose.     A  breeches  extending  from  the  waist  to  the  middle  of,' 

the  thigh. 
Tucker.     A  lace  garment  covering  the  neck  and  shoulders. 
Tunic.     A  body-garment  with  short  sleeves  and  reaching  about  to 

the  knees,  worn  by  the  Romans. 
Turban.     A  head-dress  worn  in  Eastern  countries. 
Ulster.     A  very  long,  loose  overcoat. 
Under-clothing.     Clothing  worn  next  to  the  skin. 
Under  waistcoat.     A  waistcoat  worn  over  the  shirt. 
Undress.     Ordinary  attire. 
Veil.     A  covering  of  thin  material  fur  the  face. 
Vest.     A  jacket  without  sleeves. 

Waistcoat.     A  sleeveless  garment  worn  under  the  coat. 
Waterproof.     A  heavy  outer  garment ,  impervious  to  water- 
Weeds.     Mourning  garments. 
Wellington  boot.     A  kind  of  long-legged  boot. 
Wide-awake.     A  broad-brimmed,  low-crowned  felt  hat. 
Wig.     A  false  hair  covering  for  the  head. 
Wimple.     A  covering  for  the  chin. 
Wrapper.     A  loose  flowing  garment. 
Wraprascal.     A  coarse  upper  coat,  or  overcoat. 
Wristband.     A  band  worn  around  the  wrist. 


Dress — Nouns  of  Agent. 


Breeches  maker.     One  who  makes  breeches. 

Clothier.     One  who  makes  or  sells  cloths  or  clothing. 

Cobbler.     One  who  cobbles  or  mends  boots  and  shoes. 

Cordwainer.     A  worker  in  cordwain ;  a  shoemaker. 

Costumier  [F .].     One  who  deals  in  costumes  or  fancy  dresses 

Dressmaker.     One  who  makes  dresses. 

Habit  maker.     One  who  makes  habits  or  dresses. 

Hatter.     One  who  manufactures  or  deals  in  hats. 

Hosier.     One  who  deals  in  hose. 


Milliner.  A  person  employed  in  making,  trimming,  or  selling  bon- 
nets, women's  hats,  and  the  like;  in  England  one  who  furnishes 
complete  costumes  for  women. 

Sempstress.     A  seamstress ;  a  woman  whose  occupation  is  sewing. 

Shoemaker.     One  who  manufactures  boots  and  shoes. 

Snip.     A  tailor. 

Tailor.  One  who  makes  to  order  or  repairs  men's  outer  garments,  or 
makes  cloaks,  gowns,  etc.,  for  women. 


Dress — Verbs. 


Accouter.     Furnish  with  accoutemients;  array;  dress;  equip. 

Apparel.     Cover,  clothe,  or  invest  with  attire. 

Array.     Clothe;  dress. 

Attire.      Dress;  array;  adorn. 

Caparison.     Clothe  richly. 

Circumvest.     Cover  round,  as  with  a  garment. 

Clothe.     Cover  with  clothing;  dress. 

Cover,  etc.     Overspread  or  overlay  with  something  so  as  to  protect 

or  hide,  etc.     See  Cover. 
Deck. etc.  Array;  clothe  or  dress  elegantly,  etc.  See  Embellishment. 
Dight.     Dress;  adorn;  equip. 
Don.     Put  on. 

Drape.     Cover  or  clothe,  as  with  hanging  cloth. 
Dress.     Attire  suitably;  clothe;  array 
Enclothe.     To  clothe. 
Enrobe.     Invest  with  a  robe;  attire. 
Envelop.     Put  a  covering  about;  wrap  up  or  in. 
Enwrap.     Enfold  in  a  wrapper;  wrap  up. 
Equip.      Dress  or  attire,  as  for  a  special  purpose. 
Fit  out.     Furnish  or  equip. 
Fold  up.     Cover  or  wrap  up. 

Harness.      Put  harness  on ;  attach  by  means  of  harness. 
Huddle  on.     Put  on  hastily  or  roughly. 
Invest.     Put  a  covering  or  garment  upon ;  clothe . 
Involve.     Inwrap;  infold. 

Inwrap.     Surround  or  cover  by  wrapping;  infold. 
Lap.     Wraparound;  infold, 
-ap  up.     Involve;  infold. 


Mantle.     Cover  with  a  mantle;  overspread  the  surface  of  something. 

Muffle  up.     Wrap  up  so  as  to  conceal. 

Overlap.     Lie  or  be  folded  partly  upon. 

Perk.     Make  trim  or  smart. 

Put  on.     Invest  oneself  with,  as  clothes. 

Rig.     Dress ;  equip ;  clothe,  especially  in  an  odd  or  fanciful  manner 

Robe.     Put  a  robe  or  robes  upon ;  array. 

Roll  up  in.     Infold ;  inwrap. 

Sheathe.     Put  into  a  sheath ;  cover  with  a  protecting  substance. 

Slip  on.     Put  on  in  haste  or  loosely. 

Swaddle.     Bind  as  with  a  bandage ;  bind  or  wrap  tightly  with  clothes. 

Swathe.     Bind  with  a  swathe,  band,  bandage,  or  rollers. 

Vest.     Clothe  with  a  vestment;  dress. 

Wear.     Carry  on  the  person,  as  a  garment. 

Wrap.     Cover  by  winding  or  folding;  infold. 

Wrap  up.     Cover;  infold. 

Dr  ess — Adjectives. 
Chaussi  [F.].     Having  shoes  on;  booted. 
Clad.     Dressed;  covered  with  clothing. 
Costume  [F.].     Dressed  up. 
Dight.     Dressed;  arrayed;  adorned. 
Dighted.     Same  as  Dight. 
En  grande  tenue,  etc.  [F.].     In  full  dress. 
Habited.     Clothed;  dressed. 

Invested,  etc.  Covered  with  a  garment;  clothed. 
Sartorial.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  tailor  or  his  work 
Shod.     Furnished  with  a  shoe  or  shoes. 


See  Pomp. 


See  Versb. 


dress  coat.     A  coat  for  full-dress  occasions.      Dress-      drib'-ble.     To  fall  in  drops.     Entrance-Exit,  River* 


Undress. 
dress'-er.     A  kitchen  table.     Suspension-Support. 

One  who  dresses  wounds.     Remedy-Bane. 
[Colloq.]  »  A  flogging.      Approval-Disap- 


dress'-er. 
dress'-ing. 

PROVAL. 

dress'-ing-gown". 

Dress- Undress. 


A     gown     worn     while     dressing. 


Wind. 
drib'-let.      Small     part     of     anything.       Magnitudb- 

Smallness. 
drib'-lets.     Small  parts  of  anything.     Whole-Part. 
drib'-bling.     Falling  in  drops.     Entrance-Exit. 
dried.     Made  dry.     Dampness-Dryness. 
drift.     To  float  or  be  driven  along.     Aim-Aberration, 


DRIFT. 


307 


DRUG. 


Approach-Withdrawal,     Gathering-Scattering, 
Inclination,    Meaning-Jargon,   Movement-Rest, 
Purpose-Luck,  River-Wind,  Transfer,  Travel- 
ing-Navigation;  snow  drift,  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing, Heat-Cold. 
drift'-ed.     Driven  at  random.     Transfer. 
drift'-less.     Without  direction.     Purpose-Luck. 
drill.     A  tool  for  cutting;   the  act  of  teaching  by  repe- 
tition.    Aperture-Closure,  Education-Misteach- 
ing,  Perforator-Stopper. 

drink.  Any  liquid  taken  by  swallowing.  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Teetotalism- 
Intbmperance;  drink  in,  Nutriment-Excretion; 
drink  in  learning,  Education-Learning;  drink  one's 
full,  Enough,  Nutriment-Excretion;  drink  to, 
Politeness-Impoliteness,  Solemnization. 

drink'-ing.  The  act  of  swallowing  fluids.  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Nutriment-Excretion;  drinking  song, 
Poetry-Prose;  take  to  drinking,  Teetotalism-In- 
temperance. 

drink'-ing-bout" .  A  season  of  drinking.  Modera- 
tion-Selfindulgence. 

drink'-mon"-ey.  Money  to  buy  drink.  Giving-Re- 
ceiving. 

drip.     To  fall  in  drops.     River-Wind. 

drip'-ping.  That  which  drips.  Dampness-Dryness, 
Pulpiness-Oil. 

drive.  To  impel  with  force.  Coercion,  Hurry-Lei- 
sure, Impetus-Reaction,  Management,  Push- 
Pull,  Traveling-Navigation;  drive  a  bargain, 
Exchange,  Extravagance-Avarice;  drive  a  coach 
and  six  through,  Conventionality-Unconvention- 
ality,  Observance-Nonobservance;  drive  at, 
Meaning-Jargon,  Purpose-Luck;  drive  dull  care 
away,  Lightheartedness-Dejection;  drive  from, 
Attraction-Repulsion;  drive  in,  Injection-Ejec- 
tion; drive  into  a  corner,  Difficulty-Facility, 
Liberty-Subjection,  Obstruction-Help,  Success- 
Failure;  drive  matters  to  an  extremity,  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation; drive  one  hand,  Attack-De- 
fense; drive  to  despair,  Sanguineness-Hopeless- 
ness;  drive  to  the  last,  Earliness-Lateness;  drive 
trade,  Exchange,  Occupation. 

driv'-el.  Involuntary  flow  of  spittle;  twaddle.  Ad- 
mission-Expulsion, Sagacity-Incapacity,  Sane- 
ness-lunacy. 

driv'-el-er.  One  who  drivels.  Sage-Fool,  Talka- 
tiveness-Taciturnity. 

driv'-el-ing.  Letting  spittle  flow  from  the  mouth. 
Sagacity-Incapacity. 

dri'-ver.  One  who  drives.  Manager,  Wayfarer- 
Seafarer. 

dri'-ving-rain".     A  rain  of  great  force.     River-Wind. 

driz'-zle.     A  light  rain.     River-Wind. 

droil.     Drudgery.     Activity-Indolence. 

droit,  au  bon  [F.]  (drwa,  o  bon).  Of  good  right. 
Right- Wrong. 

droit  au  travail  [F.]  (drwat  o  tra-vaiy').  Right  of  labor. 
Dueness-Undueness. 

droit  des  gens  [F.]  (drwa  de  zhan).  Law  of  nations. 
Law-Lawlessness. 

droit  du  plus  fort  [F.]  (drwa  dii  plu  for).  The  law  of 
the  stronger.     Coercion. 

drole.     Game  of  cards.    Entertainment-Weariness. 

drole  [F.]  (drol).      Droll.     Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

drdle  de  corps  [F.]  (drol  de  cor).     A  droll  fellow.     Wag. 

droll.     Comical.     Society-Ludicrousness. 

droll'-er-y.  Comical  speech.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Society-Ludicrousness,  Wittiness- 
Dulness. 

droll'-ish.  Somewhat  droll.  Society-Ludicrous- 
ness. 

drom'-e-da-ry.     An  Arabian  camel.     Conveyer. 

drone.     A  dull,  monotonous  sound.     Activity-Indo- 


lence,     Cry-Ululation,     Melody -Dissonance, 
Swiftness-Slowness. 

dro'-nish.     Like  a  drone.     Activity-Indolence. 

dro'-ny.     Dronish.     Activity-Indolence. 

droop.  A  sinking  down.  Ascent-Descent,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Health-Sickness,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection, Pleasure-Pain,  Weari- 
ness-Refreshment. 

droop'-ing.  Bending  downward.  Health-Sickness, 
Strength- Weakness,  Weariness-Refreshment; 
drooping  spirits,  Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

drop.  To  let  fall  in  drops.  Acting,  Addition-Sub- 
traction, Ascent-Descent,  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Keeping-Releasing,  Might-Impotence, 
Quest- Abandonment,  Recompense  -  Scourge, 
River-Wind,  Roundness,  Strength-Weakness, 
Teetotalism  -  Intemperance,  Weariness  -  Re- 
freshment; drop  a  hint,  Enlightenment-Secrecy; 
drop  all  idea  of,  Quest-Abandonment  ;  drop  astern, 
Advance-Retrogression;  drop  by  drop,  Quantity- 
Measure,  Whole-Part;  drop  dead,  Life-Death; 
drop  from  the  clouds,  Expectation-Surprise;  drop 
in,  Arrival-Departure,  Injection-Ejection, 
Sociability-Privacy;  drop  in  the  ocean,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Magnitude-Smallness; 
drop  into  a  good  thing,  Welfare-Misfortune;  drop 
into  the  grave,  Life-Death;  drop  off,  Increase- 
Decrease,  Life-Death;  drop  the  mask,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace;  drop  the  subject,  Heed-Disregard; 
drop  too  much,  Teetotalism-Intemperance;  let 
drop,  Elevation-Depression;  ready  to  drop, 
Weariness-Refreshment. 

drop'-let.     A  small  drop.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

drop'-ping.     Falling  in  drops.     River- Wind. 

drop'-ping  fire.  A  continuous  irregular  firing  of  guns. 
Continuity-Interruption. 

drop'-scene".  A  drop-curtain  with  a  scene  painted  on 
it.     Acting. 

drop'-si-cal.  Relating  to  dropsy.  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Excess-Lack. 

drop'-sy.  An  unnatural  accumulation  of  serous  fluid 
in  some  part  of  the  body.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion. 

drosh'-ki,  dros'-ky.  An  open  four-wheeled  Russian 
carriage.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

dross.     Waste  matter.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

dross'-i-ness .  The  quality  of  being  dross.  Clean- 
ness-Filthiness. 

drought.  Dry  weather.  Dampness-Dryness,  Ex- 
cess-Lack. 

drought'-y.     Dry.     Desire-Distaste. 

drouth.     Thirst.     Desire-Distaste. 

drove.  A  number  of  animals  in  a  body.  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Multiplicity-Paucity. 

dro'-ver.  One  who  drives  animals  in  droves.  Domes- 
tication-Agriculture. 

drown.  To  die  by  suffocation  in  water  or  other  liquid. 
Life- Killing,  Success -Failure,  Water -Air; 
drown  care,  Entertainment-Weariness;  drown 
the  voice,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

drowse.  To  be  dull  with  sleepiness.  Activity-Indo- 
lence. 

drow'-si-ness.  The  state  of  being  drowsy.  Activity- 
Indolence,  Weariness-Refreshment. 

drow'-sy.  Heavy  with  sleepiness.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Weariness-Refreshment. 

drub.  To  beat  with  a  stick.  Recompense-Punition, 
Success-Failure. 

drub'-bing.     A  sound  beating.     Success-Failure. 

drudge.  To  work  hard  at  slavish  tasks.  Agent, 
Toil-Relaxation. 

drudg'-er-y.  The  act  of  drudging.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Weariness-Refreshment. 

drug.     Anything    used    as    medicine,   or  in  chemical 


DRUG. 


308 


DUE. 


operations.      Consequence -Insignificance,      Ex- 
cess-Lack,   Remedy-Bane;     drug   in   the    market, 
Costliness-Cheapness,  Excess-Lack. 
drug'-get.        A   coarse   woolen   fabric.        Cleanness- 

Filthiness,  Cover-Lining,  Conservation. 
drug'-gist.       One    who    deals     in    drugs.       Remedy- 
Bane. 
dru'-id.     One  of  an  order  of  priests  of  the  ancient  Gauls 

and  Britons.  Ministry-Laity. 
drum.  A  musical  instrument.  Crash-Drumming, 
Musical  Instruments,  Recurrence,  Roundness, 
Sociability-Privacy;  beat  of  drum,  Alarm,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation, Order,  Pomp,  Sign;  drum  out, 
Recompense-Punition;  eardrum,  Hearing-Deaf- 
ness; muffled  drum,  Life-Funeral,  Resonance- 
Nonresonance. 
drum'-head".      The  membrane  at  the  end  of  a  drum. 

Law-Lawlessness,  Tribunal. 
drum'-ma"-jor.     The  leader  of  a  drum-corps.     Chief- 
Underling. 
drum'-mer.     One  who  drums.     Musician. 
drum'-ming.     The   act   of  beating  a   drum.     Crash- 
Drumming,  Recurrence. 
drunk.      Intoxicated  with  liquor.      Teetotalism-In- 

temperance. 
drunk'-en.     Given  to  drunkenness.     Teetotalism-In- 
temperance;    reel   like    a    drunken    man,    Agita- 
tion. 
drunk'-en-ness.      The  state  of  being  drunk.      Nutri- 
ment-Excretion, Teetotalism-Intemperance. 
dry.      Not  wet.      Approval-Disapproval,  Conserva- 
tion,  Dampness-Dryness,    Desire-Distaste,   En- 
tertainment-Weariness,    Excess-Lack,     Force- 
Weakness,  Purity-Crudeness,  Simplicity-Florid- 
ness,    Taking-Restitution,    Vocalization-Mute- 
ness;    dry   joke,    Wittiness-Dulness;     dry   land, 
Ocean-Land;   dry  the  tears,  Alleviation-Aggrava- 
tion;    dry    up,     Dampness-Dryness,    Provision- 
Waste;  run  dry,  Excess-Lack;  with  dry  eyes,  Pro- 
vision-Waste, Sensitiveness- Apathy. 
dry'-ad.     A  wood-nymph.     Jove-Fiend. 
dry'-as-dust".     Dull  and  prosy.     Future-Past,  Wit- 
tiness-Dulness. 
dry'-land".     Land  free  from  water.     Ocean-Land. 
dry'-ness.     The  quality  of  being  dry.     Dampness-Dry- 
ness. 
dry' -nurse".     A  nurse  that  rears  a  child  without  suck- 
ling    it.     Education-Misteaching,      Instructor- 
Pupil,  Obstruction-Help. 
dry7 -point".     An  engraving  made  with  a  needle.     En- 
graving. 
dry'-rot"        A  disease  in  timber.       Betterment-De- 
terioration,     Cleanness-Filthiness,      Remedy- 
Bane. 
du'-al.     Denoting  two.     Duality,  Noun. 
du'-al-ism.     The     state     of     being     dual.      Duality, 

Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 
du"-al-is'-tic.     Of  dualism.     Duality. 
du-al'-i-ty.     The  state  of  being  two.     Duality. 

DUALITY. 
Biformity.     A  double  form. 
Biplicity.      State  of  being  twofold. 
Conjugation.     A  union  of  two  or  more. 
Dualism.     State  of  being  dual  or  twofold ;  any  system  founded  on  a 

twofold  distinction. 
Duality.     State  or  quality  of  being  two  or  twofold. 
Duplicity.      Doubleness;  doubleness  of  heart  or  speech. 
Polarity.     Quality  of  a  body  in  virtue  of  which  it  exhibits  contrary 

or  opposite  powers ;  as  attraction ,  repulsion ,  etc. 

Duality — Denotations. 
Brace.     A  pair.     [Arms] 
Castor  and  Pollux.     The  two  brightest  stars  in  the  constellation 

Gemini,  named  after  twin  sons  of  Jupiter;  Dioscuri,  as  the  brothers 

Grim  in  the  German  galaxy  of  philologists. 


Cheeks.     The  sides  of  the  face. 

Couple.     Two  connected  things  of  a  kind. 

Deuce.     Two;  a  card  having  two  spots. 

Fellows.     Persons  joined  in  action,  location,  or  position. 

Gemini.     The  constellation  containing  the  twin-stars  Castor  and 

Pollux. 
Pair.     Two  of  a  kind. 
Siamese  twins.     Two  Siamese  children  whose  bodies  were  joined 

together. 
Twins.     Two  children  born  at  one  birth. 
Two.     Consisting  of  a  unit  taken  once  again. 
Yoke.     A  pair  of  draft-animals. 

Duality — Verbs. 
Bracket.     To  enclose  with  two  braces;  couple. 
Conduplicate.     To  fold  lengthwise 
Couple.     To  pair;  unite  two. 
Pa*  r.     Combine  two,  like  or  unlike. 
Yok*.     To  join  two  with  a  frame. 

Dual  ity — Adjectives. 
Binary.     Found  in  pairs 
Binomial.     An  expression  of  two  terms. 
Biparous.     Bringing  forth  two  at  the  same  birth. 
Both.     Including  two  at  the  same  time. 
Conduplicate.     State  of  being  folded  lengthwise ;  twofold. 
Conjugate.     Joined  together;  combined  in  pairs. 
Couple.     United. 
Dual      Composed  of  two. 
Dualistic.     Consisting  of  two. 
Duplex.     Having  two  folds. 
Dyadic.     Relative  to  two  parts. 

TSte-a-lSte  [F.].     Face  to  face;  in  confidence,  lamiliarly. 
Twain.     Two;  a  couple;  a  pair. 
Twin.     See  Nouns. 
Two.     See  Nouns. 

du'-arch-y.  Government  by  two  equal  rulers.  Rule- 
License. 

dub.     To  name.     Name-Misnomer. 

dub'-belt-je.     [Du.]     Coin.     Values. 

du-bi'-e-ty.  The  state  of  being  doubtful.  Certainty- 
Doubt. 

du'-bi-ous.     Doubtful  in  opinion.     Certainty-Doubt. 

du'-bi-ous-ness.  The  state  of  being  dubious.  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt. 

du'-bi-tan-cy.     Doubt.     Certainty-Doubt. 

du"-bi-ta'-tion.     Doubt.     Certainty-Doubt. 

duc'-at.     Coin.     Values. 

duch'-ess.  The  wife  or  widow  of  a  duke;  a  woman 
having  the  sovereignty  of  a  duchy.  Chief-Under- 
ling, Gentility-Democracy. 

duch'-y.  The  territory  of  a  duke.  Extension-Dis- 
trict. 

duck.  To  dip  suddenly  under  water.  Elevation- 
Depression,  Spring-Dive,  Water-Air. 

duck.  A  short-legged,  web-footed  water-bird;  [colloq.] 
a  pet.  Favorite-Anger;  like  a  duck  in  thunder, 
Astonishment-Expectance  ;  play  ducks  and  drakes, 
Extravagance-Avarice,  Impetus-Reaction. 

duck'-ing.  The  act  of  plunging  into  water.  Spring- 
Dive. 

duck'-ing-stool".  A  stool  for  ducking  scolds.  Rec- 
ompense-Scourge. 

duck'-pond".  A  pond  for  ducks.  Domestication- 
Agriculture. 

duct.  A  passage  for  conveying  fluid.  Watercourse- 
Airpipe. 

duc'-tile.     Capable    of   being   drawn    out.     Bigotry 
Apostasy,    Difficulty-Facility,    Hardness-Soft- 
ness. 

duc-til'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  ductile.  Hard- 
ness-Softness, Insubordination-Obedience. 

dudg'-eon.  (i)  Sullen  displeasure.  Contentedness- 
Discontentment,  Favorite-Anger,  Favorite- 
Moroseness,  Love-Hate. 

dudg'-eon.    (2)    Kind  of  dagger.     Weapon. 

due.  Owing.  Credit-Debt,  Dueness-Undueness, 
Duty-Dereliction,   Propriety-Impropriety;    due 


DUE. 


309 


DUENESS— UNDTJENESS. 


•ense  of,  Sagacity-Incapacity;  due  time,  Earli- 
ness-Lateness;  due  to,  Cause-Effect,  Dueness- 
Undueness,  Rationale-Luck;  give  due  weight, 
Differentiation-Indiscrimination;  give  his  due 
to,  Justification-Charge,  Right-Wrong,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty; in  due  course,  Opportune- 
ness-Unsuitableness,  Period-Progress. 


du'-el.  A  fight  between  two  persons.  Strifb* 
Peace. 

du'-el-ist.     One  who  fights  duels.     Belligerent. 

duello  [It.]  (du-el'-lo).  The  art  of  dueling.  Strife- 
Peace. 

due'-ness.  The  state  of  being  due.  Dueness-Undub- 
ness,  Duty-Dereliction. 


DUENESS— UNDUENESS. 


Authority.     Independence  of  action  belonging  to  a  person. 

Birthright.     An  inherited  privilege. 

Bond.     See  Security. 

Charter.  A  special  privilege;  a  formal  instrument  granting  special 
rights. 

Claim.     A  demand  on  the  ground  of  right. 

Constitution.     See  Law. 

Demand.     A  request  as  by  right. 

Due.     Something  owed. 

Dueness.     Quality  of  being  due ;  what  Is  due  or  coming. 

Franchise.  Freedom;  liberty;  a  freeman's  right,  as  the  elective 
franchise. 

Immunity.     Exemption  from  obligation. 

Liberty.     Freedom;  privilege. 

License.     A  special  grant ;  permission. 

Prerogative.     Unquestionable  right. 

Prescription.  First  claim  by  length  of  possession;  authoritative  di- 
rection. 

Pretension.     Any  claim,  lawful  or  unlawful. 

Privilege.     A  special  favor;  advantage. 

Right.     A  just  claim;  privilege  of  enjoyment. 

Sanction.     Act  which  ratifies  and  gives  validity. 

Tenure.     The  right  to  hold  office  or  property,  especially  real  estate. 

Title.     A  just  cause  for  possession. 

Vested  interest.  1  Right  or  interest  not  in  a  state  of  contingency  or 

Vested  right,     i      suspension. 

Warrant.     That  which  vouches  for  or  insures  anything. 

Warranty.     Security. 

Duenesp — Associated  Nouns. 
Appellant.     One  who  appeals  to  a  higher  court  of  law  for  the  settle- 
ment of  his  cause. 
Claimant.     Any  person  who  presents  a  claim. 
Plaintiff.     Beginner  of  a  lawsuit.     See  Justification-Charge. 

Dueness — Verbs. 
Allot.     To  appoint;  grant. 

Appeal  to  for.     To  vindicate;  to  earnestly  ask  for. 
Arrogate.     To  make  presumptuous  claims. 
Assert.     To  maintain;  defend. 
Assume.     To  take  upon  oneself. 
Authorize.     See  Leave. 
Be  due  to.     See  Adjectives. 
Be  entitled  to.     To  have  legal  claims. 
Belong  to.     See  Propepty. 
Be  the  due  of.     See  Nouns. 
Be  worthy  of.     To  deserve. 
Call  upon  for.     To  aprmal  to. 
Challenge.     To  settle  ^laim  by  combat. 
Claim.     To  assert. 
Come  upon  for.     To  demand. 
Confer  a  right.     Bestow  a  privilege. 
Demand.     Claim :  to  ask  for. 
Deserve.     To  be  worthy  of. 
Enforce.     To  strengthen;  assert  one's  claim. 
Entitle.     To  qualify. 
Exact.     To  require  authoritatively. 
Give  a  right.     To  grant  a  privilege. 
Give  everyone  his  due.     See  Right. 
Have  claim  to.     Be  encitled  to. 
Have  claim  upon.     Have  a  right  to  ask  from. 
Have  one;s  due      j  Qbtain  what  fc  . 
Have  one  s  rights.  I 
Have  right  to.     Be  entitled  to. 
Have  title  to.      Have  legal  claim  to. 
Insist  on.     To  compel ;  to  enforce. 
Insist  upon.     Same  as  above. 
Lay  claim  to.     To  demand  as  a  right. 
Lay  under  contribution.     To  subject  to  make  contribution. 
Legalize.     To  make  legal. 

Make  a  point  of.     To  lay  special  importance  upon. 
Make  good.     To  enforce;  to  vindicate. 
Make  out  a  case.     To  establish. 
Merit.     To  deserve. 


Breach.     Violation;  infraction. 

Disfranchisement.     Deprivation  of  the  privileges  of  citizenship. 

Emptiness  of  title.     A  title  bearing  no  significance. 

Encroachment.     Unlawful  intrusion  on  the  rights  of  others. 

Exaction.     An  unjust  claim. 

Falseness.     Underhandedness;  untruthfulness. 

Forfeiture.     Loss  of  some  right,  claim,  privilege,  etc.,  by  some 

offense. 
Illegality      See  Law-La wlessness. 
Illegitimacy.     Unlawfulness;  impropriety;  bastardy. 
Imposition.     An  arbitrary  exaction. 

Impropriety.     Unsuitableness ;  the  quality  of  being  out  of  place. 
Invalidity  of  title.     Want  of  legal  force. 
Lion's  share.     An  improper  share  in  the  distribution  of  something; 

the  whole,    [^sop's  Fable  of  the  lion's  part.] 
Loss  of  right.     Forfeiture. 
Malum  prohibitum   [L.].     An  act  made  criminal  by  prohibition  of 

civil  law. 
Presumption.     Strong  probability;  arrogant  conduct. 
Stretch.     A  strain  of  power. 
Tort.     Mischief;  calamity. 

Undueness.     The  quality  of  not  conforming  to  fixed  law  or  rule. 
Usurpation.     An  unauthorized  seizure  of  power. 
Violation.     A  breach  of  law. 

Undueness — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Pretender.     An  apparent  claimant. 
Usurper.     One  who  appropriates  power  and  authority  to  himself. 

Undueness — Verbs. 
Arrogate      To  presume;  make  exorbitant  claims. 
Arrogate  to  oneself.     To  assume  as  one's  own. 
Be  undue.     See  Adjectives. 
Disentitle.     To  deprive  of  right. 
Disfranchise.     To  take  away  the  right  of  citizenship. 
Disqualify.     To  disable. 
Do  violence  to.     To  harm;  to  outrage. 
Encroach .     To  go  beyond  proper  limits. 
Exact.     To  wrest  from. 

Give  an  inch  and  take  an  ell.     To  take  more  than  rightfully  belongs. 
Infringe.     To  transgress  on  the  rights  of  others. 
Invalidate.     To  erase  the  authority;  make  null. 
Misbecome.     To  be  unbefitting. 
Misbehave.     To  conduct  oneself  improperly. 
Not  be  due.     See  Dueness. 
Relax.     To  make  less  rigid. 
Strain  a  point.     I  Go  too  far. 
Stretch  a  point.   J 

Trench  on.     To  encroach;  to  overreach. 
Usurp.     To  seize  control  unlawfully. 
Violate.     To  infringe  upon  the  rights  of. 

U  N  D  UE  N  es  S — A  dj  re  tires. 
Bastard.     Not  genuine;  illegitimate. 
Contra  bonos  mores  [L.].     Against  good  custom. 
Disentitled .     Deprived  of  right  or  title. 
Disfranchised.     Deprived  of  citizenship. 
False.     Not  genuine  or  real. 
Forfeited.     Lost  by  default. 
Illegitimate.     Unlawful. 
Illicit.     Not  legal. 
Improper.     Not  suitable. 
Misbecoming.     Unbecoming 
Not  the  thing.     Unsuited;  out  of  place. 
Not  to  be  thought  of.     Contrary  to  reason. 
Out  of  the  question.     Not  to  be  asked  for. 
Preposterous.     Absurd;  monstrous. 
Pretentious.     Claiming  to  be  more  than  one's  true  value. 
Seemless.     Unseemly. 
Spurious.     Not  legitimate ;  not  genuine. 
Tortious.     Injurious;  wrongful. 
Unallowed;    unauthorized;    unbecoming;    unbefitting;   unchartered; 

unconstitutional;     undeserved;     undue;     unearned;     unentitled; 

unfit;    unfulfilled;    unjustified;    unlawful;    unmeet;    unmerited* 


DUENESS. 


310 


DUMB. 


DUENESS— Verbs— Continued. 
Ordain.     To  install ;  set  in  authority. 
Pay  one's  dues.     To  give  what  one  owes. 
Prescri  be .     See  Nouns . 
Put  in  force.     To  enforce ;  carry  out. 
Require.     To  request  authoritatively. 
Revendicate.     To  claim  the  restoration  of. 
Revendicate  a  claim.     To  revive  a  claim. 
Richly  deserve.     To  be  worthy  of  in  the  highest  degree. 
Sanctify.     To  consecrate  by  holy  rites. 
Substantiate.     To  verify;  establish  the  truth  of. 
Take  one's  stand.     To  be  determined. 
Use  a  right.     To  take  possession  of. 
Vindicate  a  claim.     To  show  the  reasonableness  of. 
Vindicate  a  right.     To  assert. 

Dueness — Adjectives. 
Absolute.     Free  from  control. 
Allowable.     See  Leave. 
Allowed.     Permitted;  granted. 
Authorized.     Given  power  to  act. 
Becoming.     Fit;  appropriate. 
Befitting.     Seemly;  in  place. 
Chartered.     Having  written  legal  authority. 
Claiming.     Asserting  a  right  to. 
Condign.     Worthy;  suitable. 

Constitutional.     Consistent  with  the  supreme  law  of  the  land. 
Correct.     Right;  legal. 
Creditable.     Worthy  of  commendation. 
Decorous.     Becoming;  fit. 
Deserved.     Merited;  worthy. 
Deserving.     Worthy  of  praise  or  honor. 
Due.     Owed. 
Due  to.     Owed  to. 

Enfranchised.     Given  free  citizenship. 
En  regie  [F.].     In  order. 
Entitled  to.     Earned ;  won. 
Equitable.     See  Right. 
Fit.     Adequate. 
Fitting.     Becoming. 
Having  a  right  to.     See  Verbs. 

Imprescriptible.     Not  capable  of  being  lost  or  acquired  by  usage. 
Inalienable.     Not  able  to  be  alienated. 

Dueness- 


DUENESS— UNDUENESS— C<w«H«<rf. 


UNDUENESS — Adjectives — Continued. 

unprivileged;     unqualified;     unsanctioned;     unseemly;      unwa 

ranted.     Not  allowed,  authorized,  etc. 
Usurped.     Seized  unlawfully. 
Would-be.     Pretentious;  presumptuous. 

Undueness — Phrase. 
Filius  nullius  [L.].     Son  of  nobody 


DUENESS— Adjectives — Continued. 
Indefeasible.     Not  able  to  be  defeated,  or  set  aside. 
Inviolable.     Intact;  not  to  be  injured. 
Just.     Rendering  what  is  due. 
Just  the  thing.     Exactly  right. 

Legal!  '}  Accordin8  to  law- 
Legalized.     See  Law. 
Legitimate.     Authorized;  lawful. 
Licit.     Lawful. 

Meet.     Appropriate;  becoming. 
Merited.     Deserved. 
Meriting.      Deserving. 
Ordained.     Appointed;  set  apart. 
Prescribed.     Appointed;  directed. 
Prescriptive.     Gained  by  long  possession. 
Presumptive.     Giving  ground  for  belief. 
Privileged.     Accorded  special  rights. 
Proper.     Decent;  becoming. 
Quite  the  thing.     See  Just  the  thing. 
Richly  deserved.     See  Verbs. 
Right.     Correct;  consistent. 
Right  as  a  trivet.     Not  unstable. 
Sanctioned.     Approved  of. 
Seemly.     Becoming;  befitting. 
Selon  les  regies  [F.].     According  to  rules. 
Square.     Upright;  honest. 
Unalienable.     See  Inalienablb. 

Unchallenged.     Exercising  authority  without  opposition. 
Unexceptionable.     Choice;  select. 
Unimpeachable.     Not  to  be  questioned. 
Up  to  the  mark.     Meeting  with  approval;  superior. 
Warranted.     Given  authority  or  power  to  do. 
Worthy  of.     Meriting. 
-Adverbial  Phrases. 


By  divine  right.     By  the  authority  of  God. 
By  right.     Rightly. 
Dei  gratia  [L.].     By  the  grace  of  God. 
De  jure  [L.].     From  the  law. 


A  chaque  saint  sa  chandelle  [F.j.     To  every  saint  his  candle. 

Civis  Romanus  sum  [L.].  I  am  a  Roman  citizen.  [Cicero  Against 
Verres.]  w 

du-en'-na.  An  elderly  woman  who  .keeps  careful  guard 
of  a  young  woman.  Guard-Prisoner,  Instructor- 
Pupil,  Security-Insecurity. 

dues.     Anything  owed.     Price-Discount. 

du-et'.     A  composition  for  two  voices.     Music. 

duf'-fer.  A  pedler  of  cheap  articles.  Adept-Bungler, 
Robber. 

dug.     A  teat.     Convexity-Concavity. 

duke.  An  English  peer  of  the  highest  rank.  Chief- 
Underling,  Gentility-Democracy. 

duke  domum  [L.]  (dul'-sl  do'-mum).  Sweet  home. 
Dweller-Habitation. 

duke  et  decorum  est  pro  patriot  tnori  [L.]  (dul'-sf  et 
di-co'-rum  est  pro  pc'-tri-a  mo'-rai) .  It  is  sweet  and 
decorous  to  die  for  one's  country.  [Horace,  Odes, 
III.  ii,  13]     Patriotism-Treason. 

dul'-cet.  Sweet  to  the  sense.  Loudness-Faintness, 
Melody-Discord,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness, 
Sweetness-Acidity. 

dur'-ci-fi-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  dulcifying.  Sweet- 
ness-Acidity. 

dul'-ci-fy.     To  sweeten.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

dul'-ci-iner.  A  stringed  instrument.  Musical  In- 
struments. 

dul-cin'-e-a.  A  lady-love.  From  a  character  in  Don 
Quixote.     Love-Hate. 


Duly.     Properly;  in  a  becoming  manner. 
Ex  officio  [L.].     By  virtue  of  an  office. 
In  the  name  of.     As  representative  of. 
Jure  divino  [L.].     By  divine  right. 
Dueness — Phrases. 

Droit  au  travail  [F.].     Right  of  labor. 


dul'-ci-tude.     Sweetness.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

dul'-co-rate.     To  sweeten.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

dul"-co  ra'-tion.  The  act  of  dulcorating.  Sweet- 
ness-Acidity. 

du-li'-a.  The  worship  of  saints  and  angels.  Devo- 
tion-Idolatry. 

dull.  Not  sharp  or  keen.  Activity-Indolence, 
Color-Achromatism,  Dimness,  Embellishment- 
Simplicity,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Feeling- 
Insensibility,  Force-Weakness,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection,  Loudness-Faintness,  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy,   Sharpness-Bluntness,     Skill-Un- 

SKILFULNESS,    STRENGTH-WEAKNESS,    TuRBULENCE- 

Calmness,  Vigor-Inertia;    dull  of  hearing,  Hear- 
ing-Deafness;  dull  sight,  Sight-Dimsightedness. 

dull'-ard.     A  stupid  person.     Sage-Fool. 

dul'-ness.  The  state  of  being  dull.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Sensitiveness-Apathy,  Vigor-Inertia, 
Wittiness-Dulness. 

du'-ly.  In  a  due  time  or  manner.  Dueness-Undue- 
ness. 

dumb.     Without  power  of  speech.     Talkativeness- 
Taciturnity,  Vocalization-Muteness;   dumb  ani- 
mal, Fauna-Flora;  dumb  show,  Sign  ;  strike  dumb 
Astonishment- Expectance,     Selfrespect- Hum- 
bleness, Vocalization-Muteness. 


DUMFOUND. 


311 


DURATION— NEVERNESS. 


dum"-found'.     To  strike  dumb.     Astonishment-Ex- 


pectance. 
dum"-f  ound'-ed . 


Struck  dumb.      Selfrespect-Hum- 


BLENESS. 

dum"-found'-er.  To  strike  dumb.  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Expectation-Disappointment,  Vo- 
calization-Muteness. 

dummodo  sit  dives,  barbarus  ipse  placet  [L.]  (dum'- 
mo-do  sit  dai'-viz,  bar'-bar-us  ip'-si  ple'-set).  Pro- 
vided only  he  is  rich,  a  very  barbarian  pleases. 
[Ovid,  Ars  Amatoria,  II,  276.]  Gentility-Democ- 
racy, Money. 

dum'-my.  A  silent  person.  Activity-Indolence, 
Commutation  -  Permutation,  Might  -  Impotence, 
Vocalization-Muteness. 

dump.  Melancholy.         Jubilation-Lamentation, 

Music. 

dump'-ish.     Morose.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

dumps.  Low  spirits.  Contentedness-Discontent- 
ment,  Favorite-Moroseness,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection. 

dump'-y.  Short  and  thick.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Breadth  -  Narrowness,  Greatness  -  Littleness, 
Length-Shortness. 

dum  spiro,  spero  [L.]  (dum  spai'-ro,  spi'-ro).  While  I 
breathe,  I  hope.  [Part  of  the  motto  of  South  Caro- 
lina.]    Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

dum  vivimus,  vivamus  [L.]  (dum  viv'-im-us,  vi-ve'- 
mus).  While  we  live,  let  us  live.  [From  an  ancient 
inscription]     Entertainment-Weariness. 

dun.  Of  a  dull  color;  to  press  for  payment  of  a  debt. 
Color-Achromatism,  Credit-Debt,  Dimness,  Peti- 
tion-Expostulation, White-Black. 

dunce.  A  dull-witted  person.  [A  follower  of  Duns 
Scotus.  brightest  of  the  Schoolmen,  but  out  of  fash- 
ion.]   Sage-Fool,  Scholar-Dunce. 

dun'-der-head".     A  dunce.     Sage-Fool. 

dun'-der-pate" .     A  dunce.     Sage-Fool. 

dune.     A  hill  of  loose  sand.      Height-Lowness. 

dung.     Animal  excrement.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 


dun'-geon.  An  underground  prison.  Release- 
Prison. 

dung'-hill.  A  heap  of  dung.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Cleanness  -  Filthiness,  Gentility  -  Democracy  ; 
dunghill  cock,  Bravery-Cowardice,  Fauna-Flora. 

du'-o.     A  duet.     Music. 

du"-o-dec'-i-mal.  Denoting  by  twelves.  Five- 
Quinquesection. 

du'-o-dec"-i-mo.  A  book  with  twelve  leaves  to  the 
sheet.  Greatness-Littleness,  Missive-Publica- 
tion. 

du"-o-de'-nal.     Ofaduodene.    Five-Quinquesection. 

du"-o-den'-a-ry.  Pertaining  to  the  number  twelve. 
Five-Quinquesection. 

du'-c-logue.     Dialogue.  Acting,    Conversation- 

Monologue. 

dupe.  One  who  is  deceived.  Gull-Deceiver,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

du'-plex.  Twofold.  Doubling-Halving,  Duality, 
Luminary-Shade. 

du'-pli-cate.  Made  like  a  copy.  Copy-Model,  Credit- 
Debt,  Doubling-Halving,  Excess-Lack,  Mark- 
Obliteration,  Sign. 

du"-pli-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  duplicating.  Doubling- 
Halving,  Imitation-Originality. 

du'-pli-ca-ture.     A  folding.     Plicature. 

du-plic'-i-ty.  Deceitfulness.  Craft-Artlessness, 
Duality,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

du"-ra-bil'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  durable.  Last- 
ingness-Transientness. 

du'-ra-ble.  Able  to  endure.  Lastingness-Transient- 
ness,  Mutability-Stability. 

du'-ra-ble-ness.  The  power  of  lasting.  Lastingness- 
Transientness. 

dura  lex  sed  lex  [L.]  (diu'-ra  lex  sed  lex).  Hard  law 
but  law.     Duty-Dereliction. 

du'-rance.  Imprisonment.  Release-Restraint; 
in  durance,  Guard-Prisoner. 

du-ra'-tion.  Continuance  in  time.  Duration-Never- 
ness  ;  contingent  duration,  Contingent-Duration. 


DURATION— NEVERNESS. 


Age.     The  whole  duration  of  a  being. 

Course.     The  period  occupied  by  a  revolution  of  the  moon,  or  of  the 

earth  round  the  sun,  marking  a  month  or  a  year.     See  Period- 

Progrbss. 
Date.     Point  of  time  at  which  an  event  or  transaction  takes  place. 
Decade.     A  period  of  ten  years.     See  Period-Progress. 
Duration.     Continuance  in  time. 

Epoch.     A  period  of  time  remarkable  for  influential  events. 
Era.     A  period  of  time  reckoned  from  some  particular  date. 
Interim  [L.].     The  mean  time;  intervening  time. 
Interlude.     Time  between  the  acts  of  a  play. 
Intermediate  time.      Intervening  time. 
Intermission.     An  intervening  period  of  time. 
Intermittence.     Act  of  intermitting,  or  causing  to  cease  for  a  time. 
Interregnum.     The  time  during  which  a  government  is  changed. 
Interval.     The  time  intervening  between  two  periods. 
Intervention.     Space  of  time  between  points  of  time  or  events 
Moment.   A  minute  portion  of  time.    See  Eternity-Instantaneity  . 
Pendency.     State  of  being  undecided 
Period.     A  specified  portion  of  time 
Respite.     To  relieve  for  a  period  of'time. 
Season.     A  period  of  time. 
Space.     An  interval  of  time. 
Span.     A  brief  portion  of  time. 
Spell.     A  short  or  limited  space  of  time 
Stage.     A  period  of  time  in  any  development. 
Term.     Prescribed  or  actual  duration. 
The  whole  period.      The  entire  space  of  time. 
The  whole  time.     The  entire  portion  of  duration. 
Time.     A  definite  portion  of  duration;  the  measure  of  duration. 
Time  of  life.     An  age. 

While.     A  period  of  time,  or  time  in  general. 
Year.     A  period  of  365  days. 

Duration — Figurative  Expressions. 
Glass  of  time.     A  glass  for  measuring  time  by  the  passage  of  sand 
through  an  orifice ;  hence ,  time  itself. 


Absence  of  time.     Lack  of  time. 

Dies  non  [L.].     A  day  on  which  judges  do  not  sit. 

Greek  kalends.     As  the   Greeks    had    no  kalends,   Greek  kalends 

means  a  time  that  never  occurred. 
Neverness.     Beyond  time,  or  without  time. 
No  time.     A  time  which  never  comes. 
Tib's  eve.     A  possible  or  impossible  future  occurrence. 

Neverness — Adverbs. 
At  no  period.  jNever 
At  no  time,    t 
Never.     Not  at  any  time. 

Never  in  all  one's  born  days.     Never  in  one's  life. 
Nevermore.     Never  again ;  at  no  time  in  the  future. 
On  no  occasion.     Never  at  any  event. 
Sine  die  [L.].     Without  a  day  appointed. 


DURATION — Figurative  Expressions — Continued. 

Noiseless  foot  of  time.     The  representation  of  time  as  a  person; 

hence,  the  passing  of  time. 
Ravages  of  time.     The  wear  or  wasting  away  of  old  age. 
Scythe.     The  implement  carried  by  time  represented  by  an  old  man; 

hence,  time  itself. 
Whirligig  of  time.     A  merry-go-round,  representing  time  by  its  rapid 

passage  and  re-passage  over  the  same  place. 

Duration — Verbs. 
Consume  time.     To  waste  time. 
Continue.     To  abide  for  any  time  indefinitely. 
Elapse.     To  slip  silently  away  as  time. 
Employ  time.     To  make  use  of  time. 
Endure.     To  have  duration. 
Fill  time.     To  make  full  use  of  time. 
Goon.     To  continue. 

Intervene.     To  occur  between  points  of  time. 
Last.     To  continue  in  time. 


DURATION. 


312 


DUTY— DERELICTION. 


..}, 


Occupy  time. 

.Pass  away  time.  f-To  take  up  time. 

Pass  time. 

Persist.     To  endure  against  opposition. 

Remain.     To  continue  on  in  time. 

Seize  an  opportunity.     See  Opportuneness 

Spend  time.    Occupy  time 


Continuing.     See  Verbs. 

On  foot.     Originated;  started. 


DURATION— Ver  bs— Continued. 

Take  time.      \  ^ 

#ri  J        f  Occupy  time. 

Take  up  time  J 

Talk  against  time.     To  get  as  much  talk  as  possible  in  a  prescribed 

time. 

Tide  over.     Surmount. 

Waste  time.     See  Activity-Indolence. 

While  away  time.     To  pass  away  time  pleasantly. 

Duration — Adjectives. 

Permanent.     Durable.     See  Lastingness-Transientness 

Duration — Adverbs,  etc. 


A-  C.     Ante  Christum.      Before  Christ. 

>.  D.     Anno  Domini.     In  the  year  of  our  Lord. 

Ad  interim  [L.].     In  the  mean  time. 

All  along.     The  whole  duration. 

All  the  time.     Unceasingly. 

Always.     For  all  time . 

Anno  [L.].     Within  a  year. 

Anno  Domini  [L.].     In  the  year  of  our  Lord. 

Anno  regni  [L.l.     In  the  year  of  the  reign. 

Anno  urbis  condiUe  [L.].     In   the  year  since  the   founding  of  the 

city,  *'.  e.,  Rome. 
Ante  Christum  [L.].     Before  Christ. 
A.  R.     Anno  regni.     See  above. 

A.  U.  C.     Anno  urbis  conditce.     See  above. 

B.  C.     Before  Christ. 

Before  Christ.     Before  the  Christian  era. 

Day  by  day.     Continually;  without  intermission  of  a  day. 

De  die  in  diem  [L.]      From  day  to  day. 

During.     In  the  time  of. 

During  the  interval.     Within  the  time  between  any  two  events. 

During  the  time.     Within  the  time. 

For  a  season.! 

For  a  time.     > 

For  good.     See  Lastingness. 

For  the  time  being.     For  the  present  time. 

From  day  to  day.     As  time  passes. 


For  a  limited  time. 


DURATION- 


Ad  calendas  Grcecas  [L.].     To  the  Greek  calends;  never. 
Time  runs.     Time  passes  quickly 


dur'-bar.  An  official  reception  in  British  India,  given 
by  a  native  ruler.  Conversation-Monologue, 
Council,  Tribunal. 

du'-ress.  Imprisonment.  Coercion,  Release-Re- 
straint. 

dur'-ing.  In  the  time  of.  Duration-Neverness; 
during  pleasure,  Contingent-Duration. 

du'-ri-ty.     Hardness.     Hardness-Softness. 

dusk.  Twilight.  Light-Darkness,  Luminary- 
Shade,  Morning-Evening. 

dusk'-y.  Dim.  Light-Darkness,    Whiteness- 

Blackness. 

dust.  Anything  pulverized.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Consequence-Insignificance,  Friability,  Heavi- 
ness-Lightness, Life-Corpse,  Money;  come  down 
with  the  dust,  Friability,  Settlement-Default; 
come  to  dust,  Life-Death;  dust  in  the  balance,  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance; dust  one's  jacket,  Rec- 
ompense-Punition;  humbled  in  the  dust,  Self- 
respect-Humbleness;  kick  up  a  dust,  Activity-In- 
dolence, Presumption-Obsequiousness;  level  with 
the  dust,  Creation-Destruction;  lick  the  dust, 
Success-Failure,  Yielding;  make  to  bite  the  dust, 
Success-Failure;  throw  dust  in  the  eyes,  Pretext, 
Sight-Blindness,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  turn  to 
dust,  Life-Death,  Organization-Inorganization. 


From  hour  to  hour.     In  the  course  of  time 
Hereupon.     At  this  time;  hereon. 
Hourly.     Every  hour. 
In  the  course  of.     At  some  time  during. 
In  the  interim.     See  Adverbs. 

In  the  meantime.     In  the  interval  between  two  given  timei. 
In  the  time  of.     At  some  time  during  a  certain  event. 
In  the  time  when.     Coincident  time. 
Meantime.     In  the  interval  between  two  given  times. 
Meanwhile.     In  the  intervening  time. 
Once  upon  a  time.     Formerly. 
One  fine  morning.     Some  indefinite  time. 
Pendente  lite  [L  ].     Pending  or  during  suit. 
Pending.     During  the  time  intervening  before. 
Then.     Being  at  that  time. 
Thereupon.     Upon  that,  or  this. 
The  whole  time.     The  entire  time;  continually. 
Throughout.     See  Entirety. 
Till.     Unto;  up  to:  used  in  respect  to  time. 
Until.     Up  to;  till;  before:  used  of  time. 
Up  to.     See  Until. 

Whereupon.     Upon  which;  after  which. 
While.     See  Until. 
Whilst.     Same  as  While. 

Yet.  At  the  same  time;  up  to  the  present  time;  before  some  future 
time. 

-Phrases. 

Time,  runs  against.  To  run  as  rapidly  as  possible  to  ascertai  i  the 
greatest  speed  attainable  or  the  greatest  distance  which  can  be 
traveled  in  a  given  time. 

dust'-er.  That  which  removes  dust.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness. 

dust'-hole".  A  receptacle  for  dust.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  fit  for  the 
dust-hole,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Clean- 
ness-Filthiness, Usefulness-Uselessness. 

dust'-man.  One  who  removes  dust  and  ashes.  Clean- 
ness-Filthiness. 

dust'-storm".     A  storm  of  dust.     Friability. 

dust'-y.  Covered  with  dust.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Friability. 

Dutch.  Pertaining  to  the  Dutch.  Dutch  auction, 
Buying,  Sale;  Dutch  courage,  Bravery-Coward- 
ice; high  Dutch,  Clearness-Obscurity. 

Dutch'-man,  fly'-ing.  A  legendary  spectral  ship. 
Fancy. 

du'-te-ous.  Giving  due  respect  and  obedience.  Vir- 
tue-Vice. 

du'-ti-ful.     Performing  one's  duty.     Virtue-Vice. 

du'-ty.  That  which  one  ought  to  do.  Ceremonial, 
Devotion-Idolatry,  Duty-Dereliction,  Occupa- 
tion, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Price-Discount, 
Regard-Disrespect,  Toil-Relaxation;  do  one's 
duty,  Uprightness-Dishonesty,  Virtue-Vice;  on 
duty,  Action-Passiveness,  Activity-Indolence. 


DUTY— DERELICTION. 


Accountableness.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  accountable. 

Acquittal.     Performance  of  one's  part. 

Allegiance.     Obligation  owed. 

Bounden  duty.     Compulsory  duty. 

Call.     An  appeal  to  duty. 

Calling.     See  Occupation. 


Dead  letter.     An  obligation  which  has  lost  its  force  or  power. 
Dereliction  of  duty.     A  wilful  neglect  or  omission  of  duty. 
Evasion.     Act  of  eluding  or  shirking 
Failure.     Non -performance  of  duty. 
Fault.     See  Innocence-Guilt. 
Infraction.     A  breaking;  non-observance. 


DUTY— DERELICTION. 


313 


DUTY. 


DUTY— DERELICTION— Continued. 


Call  of  duty.     Fejt  obligation. 

Case  of  conscience.     A  duty  felt  to  be  imposed  upon  one  by  con- 
science. 
Conscience.     The  mind's  faculty  to  discern  between  right  and  wrong 
Consciousness.     See  Uprightness. 
Decalogue.     The  Ten  Commandments;  duty  to  God. 
Decorum.     Propriety  of  conduct. 

Discharge.     The  act  of  removing  an  obligation,  debt,  etc. 

Dueness.     See  Dueness. 

Duty.     That  which  a  person  is  bound  by  moral  obligation  to  do  or 
refrain  from  doing. 

Engagement.     See  Engagement. 

Fealty.     Fidelity  to  a  superior. 

Fitness.     The  quality  of  being  fit. 

Fulfilment.     Accomplishment ;  completion. 

Function.     The  performance  of  any  duty. 

Good  behavior.     Mode  of  conducting  oneself. 

Imperative  duty.     See  Bounden  duty. 

Inward  monitor.     Conscience  which  points  out  duty. 

Liability.     Obligation  to  pay. 

Morality.     Conformity  to  the  right. 

Moral  obligation.     Duty  to  morality. 

Morals.     A  system  of  rules  formulated  to  guide  conduct. 

Observance.     Adherence  to  rule. 

Onus  [L.].     An  obligation. 

Part.     The  share  of  duty  falling  to  one's  lot. 

Performance.     The  act  of  accomplishing. 

Polity.     Principles  regulating  public  affairs. 

Propriety.     Suitableness  of  manner. 

Redemption.     Act  of  delivering;  rescue. 

Responsibility.     Accountable ness  for  a  trust. 

Satisfaction.     The  settlement  of  a  claim. 

Seemliness.     Comeliness. 

Sense  of  duty.     Feeling  of  duty. 

Still  small  voice  within.     Conscience. 


Neglect.     Failure  to  attend  to. 

Non-observance.     Neglect. 

Non-performance.     Failure  to  perform 

Relaxation.     Withdrawal  of  effort. 

Sin.     See  Virtue-Vice. 

Transgression.     Violation  of  law  or  principl« . 

Violation.     Infringement;  breach  of  law. 

Dereliction — Verbs, 
Break.     To  violate;  transgress. 
Break  through.     To  overstep  proper  bounds. 
Call  to  account.     See  Approval-Disapproval. 
Escape.     To  avoid;  evade. 
Evade.     To  go  out  of  the  way  for. 
Fail.     To  want;  come  short. 
Forswear.     To  break  an  oath. 
Infringe.     To  encroach  upon. 
Neglect.     Non-observe. 

Renounce.     To  disclaim;  declare  against  bitterly. 
Repudiate.     To  cast  off;  refuse  to  pay. 
Set  aside.     To  ignore;  pay  little  attention  to. 
Set  at  naught.     To  regard  as  nothing. 
Slight.     Neglect;  overlook. 
Trample  on.     Transgress;  infringe. 
Trample  under  foot.     To  tread  on. 
Transgress.     To  violate;  to  break. 
Wash  one's  hands  of      To  renounce  interest  in. 


DUTY— Continued. 
The  proper  thing. 
The.proper  thing  to  do. 
The  right  thing  to  do. 
The  thing. 

What  ought  to  be  done. 
To  prepon  [Gr.].     Fitness. 


What  duty  demands. 


Duty — Scientific  Terms. 

Aretology.  That  part  of  moral  philosophy  which  treats  of  virtue  and 
the  means  of  attaining  to  it. 

Casuistry  That  part  of  moral  philosophy  which  deals  with  particu- 
lar cases  of  conscience. 

Deontology.     The  science  which  relates  to  moral  obligation. 

Duty — Verbs 


Ethical  philosophy.     Philosophy  pertaining  to  ethics. 
Ethics.     Science  of  human  duty. 
Ethology.     The  science  of  character. 

Moral  philosophy.     The  science  of  duty  and  the  relations  springing 
from  duty. 


Acquit  oneself  of  an  obligation.     To  clear  oneself  of  an  obligation. 

Act  one's  part.     Live  up  to  one's  duty. 

Adhere  to  an  obligation.     Hold  fast  to  an  obligation. 

Assign.     To  point  out  some  duty  to  perform. 

Be  at  one's  post.     To  attend  to  duty's  call. 

Be  bound  to.     To  be  constrained. 

Become.     To  be  suitable. 

Become  bound  to.     To  be  compelled. 

Become  sponsor  for.     To  take  another's  obligations 

Befit.     To  be  in  accord  with. 

Behoove.     To  fall  to  one's  lot. 

Be  incumbent  on.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  responsible.     See  Adjectives. 

Beseem.     To  be  befitting. 

Be  sponsor  for.     See  Become  sponsor  for. 

Be  the  duty  of.     To  owe  something,  as  an  obligation. 

Be  under  an  obligation.     Be  bound  to  fulfil  a  vow,  contract,  eto 

Bind.     To  force. 

Bind  over.     To  subject  to  the  course  of  law. 

Call  upon.     To  appeal  to  for  the  performance  of  duty. 

Discharge  a  duty.     To  carry  out  a  duty. 

Discharge  an  obligation.     To  perform  an  obligation. 

Do  duty.     To  do  what  is  right. 

Do  justice  to.     To  reward  fully. 

Do  one's  duty.     See  Virtue. 

Enjoin.     To  order;  to  charge. 

Enter  upon  a  duty.     To  take  a  duty  upon  oneself. 

Enter  upon  an  obligation.     See  Enter  upon  a  duty. 


Exact.     To  make  a  demand. 

Fall  to  one's  lot.     Be  assigned  to  one. 

Fulfil  a  duty.     Do  what  one  ought. 

Fulfil  an  obligation.      Do  what  one  feels  bound  to. 

Impose  a  duty.     To  force  upon  arbitrarily. 

Incur  a  responsibility.     To  become  liable  to. 

Lie  at  one's  door.  1  ~    ,  ...     „. 

Lie  on  one's  head.)  To  te  an  "Ration. 

Lie  under  an  obligation.     Be  bound. 

Lie  upon  one's  head.     Be  an  obligation. 

Look  to.     Attend  to. 

Mind  one's  P's  and  Q*s.     To  be  extremely  accurate. 

Oblige.     To  put  another  under  obligation  for  a  favor  rendered. 

Observe  a  duty.  \  t-,       ,    ,  «. 

Observe  an  obligation./  Do  what  one  °ught- 

Owe  it  to  oneself.     Feel  personally  bound. 

Perform  an  obligation.     Do  one's  duty. 

Pertain  to.     To  belong  to. 

Prescribe.     To  command;  to  order. 

Redeem  one's  pledge.     To  live  up  to  one's  promise . 

Require.     To  demand. 

Rest  on  the  shoulders.     Be  a  burden. 

Rest  with.     Belong  to. 

Saddle  with.     To  put  on  a  burden. 

Satisfy  anobligation.}  ^  what  one  ought- 
Take  upon  oneself.     See  Engagement. 


Duty — A  djectives. 


Accountable.     Answerable. 
Amenable       Liable  to  be  punished. 
Answerable.     Able  to  be  replied  to. 
Beholden  to.     Indebted. 
Behooving.     See  Verbs. 
Binding.     Holding  firmly. 
Bound  by.      Held  by. 
Bound  to.     Under  obligation  to 


Casuistical.     Pertaining  to  casuistry. 

Chargeable  on.     Liable  to  be  laid  at  one's  door. 

Compromised.     See  Engagement. 

Conscientious.     Bound  by  conscience. 

Due  to.     Owing  to. 

Ethical.     Pertaining  to  ethics. 

Ethological.     Pertaining  to  the  science  oa  character. 

Imperative .     Mandatory . 


DUTY. 


314 


DWELLER— HABITATION. 


DUTY — Adjectives — Continued. 


IncumDent  on.     Falling  to  one's  lot. 

Indebted  to.     Beholden. 

In  duty  bound.     Held  by  duty. 

Liable.     Responsible;  answerable 

Meet.     See  Dueness. 

Moral.     Bound  to  exercise  right  conduct. 

Obligatory.     Imposing  duty  or  obligation. 

Obliged  to.     Put  under  obligation  to  do. 

Peremptory.     Positive;  decisive. 


Saddled  with.     Under  a  burden,  as  a  horse. 
Stringent.     See  Harshness. 
Responsible.     Answerable;  liable  to  requite 
Right.     Conformable  to  the  will  of  God. 
Stringent.     Binding  strongly. 

Tied  down.}  Boundtodo- 
Under  obligation.     Bound. 


Duty — Adverbial  Phrases, 


As  in  duty  bound. 

At  one's  own  risk. 

In  foro  conscientits  [L.].     Before  the  tribunal  of  conscience. 

On  one's  own  responsibility. 


Quamdiu  se  bene  gesserit  [L.].     During  good  behavior. 
Suo  periculo  [L.].     At  one's  own  peril 
With  a  safe  conscience. 


Duty — Phrases. 


Devoir,  faire  mon  [P.].     To  do  my  duty. 

Dulce  et  decorum  est  pro  patria  tnori  [L.J.     It  is  sweet  and  seemly  to 

die  for  one's  fatherland. 
Dura  lex  sed  lex  [L.].      It  is  a  hard  law,  but  it  must  be  observed 

because  it  is  a  law. 


Hodie  tnihi,  eras  tibt  [L  ].     To-day  for  me    to-morrow  for  you. 
Honos  habet  onus   [L.].     Honor  is    onerous,  i.  $  ,  has  its  respond 

bility. 
Loyaute  tn  oblige  [F.J.     Loyalty  binds  me. 


Absolution.     Freedom  from  guilt. 

Discharge.     Removal  of  loa-d. 

Dispensation.     Privilege  to  do  something  forbidden. 

Exculpation.     See  Exculpation. 

Excuse.     Release;  pardon. 

Exemption.     Release  from  the  operations  of  the  law. 

Exoneration.     A  disburdening. 

Franchise.     Exemption  from  constraint,  a  freeman's  right. 


Absolve.     See  Pardon. 

Acquit.     To  release  from  an  obligation. 

Be  exempt.     See  Adjectives. 

Discharge.     See  Nouns. 

Dispense  with.     To  suspend  the  operations  of. 

Excuse.     To  pardon;  release  from  obligation. 

Exempt.     To  give  special  freedom  to. 

Exonerate.     See  Exculpation. 

Free.     To  relieve  from  the  constraint  of. 

Give  dispensation.     See  Dispensation, 

Let  off.     Excuse;  release. 


DUTY— IMMUNITY. 
Immunity. 

Freedom.     Liberty;  independence. 

Immunity.     A  particular  privilege. 

Irresponsibility.     Want  of  responsibility. 

Liberty.     Exemption  from  subjection  to  the  authority  of  another. 

License.     A  permit. 

Release.     Freedom;  pardon. 

Renunciation.     A  cutting  loose ;  repudiation. 

Immunity — Verbs. 

License.     To  permit  or  authorize  by  license. 

Pass  over.     To  overlook;  fail  to  execute  judgment. 

Quit-claim.     Give  up  a  claim  to. 

Release.     See  Nouns. 

Remise.     Surrender  by  deed. 

Remit.     Give  up. 

Save  the  necessity.     Prevent  the  necessity. 

Set  at  liberty.     Free. 

Spare.     Excuse;  remit;  dispense  with. 

Stretch  a  point.     Exaggerate;  strain  one's  conscience. 


Immunity — Adjectives. 
At  liberty;  excusable;  exempt;  free;  irresponsible;  not  answerable ;  released  (see  Verbs);   scot-free,  clear;   unaccountable;    unbound; 


Bonis  nocet%  si  quis  malis  pepercerit  [L.]. 


unencumbered. 

Immun  i  t  y — Phrase . 
If  any  one  spares  the  bad,  he  injures  the  good 


du-um'-vi-rate.  The  joint  office  of  duumviri,  two  mag- 
istrates holding  an  office  jointly.    Rule-License. 

Du-val',  Claude.     A  highway  robber.     Robber. 

D.  V.  Abbreviation  of  Deo  volente  [L.].  (Di'-o  vo- 
len'-tt)     God  willing.     Possibility-Impossibility. 

dwarf.  Any  thing  unnaturally  small.  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Greatness-Littleness,  Increase- 
Decrease,  Jove-Fiend. 


dwarfed.     Kept  small.     Greatness-Littleness. 
dwarf'-ish.     Like  a  dwarf.     Greatness-Littleness. 
dwell.     To  have  a  fixed  habitation ;  to  linger.     Movb- 

ment-Rest,      Presence-Absence;       dwell     upon, 

Terseness-Prolixity. 
dwell'-er.     A  permanent  resident.     Dweller-Habita* 

TION. 


DWELLER— HABITATION. 


Aborigines.     The  original  inhabitants  of  a  country. 

Autochthones.     Inhabitants  claiming  origin  from  the  land  they  live 

in. 
Back  settler.     A  backwoodsman. 
Backwoodsman.     A  dweller  in  the  backwoods. 
Burgess.     A  freeman  living  in  a  borough.     * 
Burgher.     A  dweller  in  a  burgh. 
Cit.     Familiar  name  for  citizen. 
Citizen.     A  resident  of  a  city  or  town. 

Cockney.     A  dweller  in  that  part  of  London  near  Bow-bells. 
Colonist.     A  dweller  in  a  colony. 
Commorant .     The  legal  term  for  dweller. 
Compatriot.     A  fellow  countryman. 
Cottager.  \ 

Cotter.      >  A  dweller  in  a  cottage. 
Cottier.    J 

Denizen.     One  not  a  native,  but  made  a  citizen. 
Dweller.     One  who  lives  in  a  place  as  his  home. 


Abode.     A  permanent  habitation. 

Acropolis.     An  elevated  citadel. 

Address.     The  direction  to  the  residence  of  any  person. 

Aerie.     The  nest  of  any  predatory  bird. 

Ale-house.     A  house  where  liquors  are  sold. 

Arbor,  etc.     See  Contents-Receiver 

Ark.     A  shelter. 

Assembly-room.     A  room  in  which  assemblies  are  held. 

Atrium.     An  ancient  entrance  hall. 

Barn.     A  shelter  for  horses  or  cattle. 

Barrack.     A  permanent  building  for  the  lodgment  of  soldiers. 

Bawn.     A  large  house  with  all  its  appurtenances. 

Beadhouse.     An  almshouse. 

Berth.     A  lodging  place. 

Bivouac.     A  temporary  encampment  of  soldiers  without  tents. 

Booth.     A  stall  at  a  public  market. 

Bothie.     A  hut  for  laborers. 

Bothy.     A  shepherd's  or  hunter's  hut. 


DWELLER— HABITATION. 


315 


DWELLER— HABITATION. 


DWELLER— HABITATION— Continued. 


Habitant  [F.l.     A  dweller. 

House-holder.     A  dweller  in  a  house. 

Incumbent.     A  person  in  possession  of  an  office. 

Indigene.     One  dwelling  in  his  native  country. 

Indweller.     A  poetic  name  for  inhabitant. 

Inhabitant.     One  who  lives  permanently  in  a  place. 

Inmate.     One  who  dwells  in  a  place  with  others. 

Innkeeper.     One  who  manages  an  inn. 

Islander.     A  dweller  on  an  island. 

Locum  tenens  [L.].      Holding  a  place ;  an  inhabitant. 

Lodger.     One  who  lives  in  another's  house. 

Marchman.     A  man  dwelling  on  a  march  or  border. 

Native.     One  who  dwells  in  the  country  in  which  he  was  born.     See 

Constituent-Alien. 
Newcomer,  etc.     See  Constituent-Alien. 
Occupant,  t  A  tenant  m  possession. 
Occupier.  > 

Resident.        j  Qne  who  dweus  jn  a  piace  for  some  time. 
Residentiary.  > 

Settler.     A  dweller  in  a  new  country. 
Sojourner.     A  temporary  resident. 

Squatter.     One  who  occupies  land  without  right  or  permission. 
Tenant.     One  who  dwells  in  a  house  or  on  lands  owned  by  another. 
Townsman.     A  dweller  in  a  town. 
Villager.     A  dweller  in  a  village. 

Dweller — Denotations. 
American.     A  native  or  inhabitant  of  the  American  continent. 
Brother  Jonathan.     The  people  of  the  United  States,  collectively,  or 

a  typical  specimen  of  them. 
Englishman.     A  native  or  citizen  of  England. 

John  Bull.     The  people  of  England,  or  a  typical  specimen  of  them. 
Hoosier.     An  inhabitant  of  the  State  of  Indiana. 

Dweller — Collective  Nouns. 
Colony.     A  body  of  emigrants  settling  in  a  remote  country. 
Crew.     The  seamen  belonging  to  one  ship  or  boat. 
Garrison.     The  soldiers  stationed  in  a  fort  or  town. 
Household.     A  number  of  persons  dwelling  under  the  same  roof  and 

composing  a  family. 
Mir.     A  Russian  community  holding  land  in  common. 
People.     The  whole  body  of  persons  comprising  a  state  or  nation. 

See  Humanity. 
Population.     The  whole  number  of  people  in  a  place. 
Settlement.     The  body  of  people  having  their  abode  in  the  same 

definite  region. 

Dweller — Verbs. 

Indenizen.etc.     See  Establishment. 
Inhabit,  etc.     See  Presence. 

Dweller — Adjectives. 
American.     Dwelling  in  America. 
Autochthonous.     See  Autochthones. 
British.     Dwelling  in  Great  Britain. 
Domestic       Pertaining  to  the  household. 
Domesticated.     Made  domestic. 
Domiciled.     Provided  with  a  home. 
Domiciliated.     Settled  in  a  home. 
English.     Dwelling  in  England. 
Garrisoned  by.     Manned  with  troops. 
Indigenous.     Originating  in  a  place  or  country. 
In  the  occupation  of.      Holding  in  possession. 
Natal.     Pertaining  to  one's  birth. 
Native.     Pertaining  to  the  place  of  one's  birth. 

Naturalized.     Having  obtained  the  rights  and  privileges  of  citizen- 
ship. 
Occupied  by.     Held  in  possession  by  a  tenant. 
Vernacular.     Originating  in  one's  native  land. 


HABITATION — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Hutch.     A  small,  dark  room. 

Inn.     A  public  place  of  lodging  and  entertainment. 

Kennel.     A  small  house  for  a  dog  or  dogs. 

Khan.     An  Oriental  inn. 

Kiosk.     A  fanciful  pavilion  built  in  Oriental  style. 

Lair.     The  den  of  a  wild  animal. 

Lap.     A  place  for  supporting  or  fostering. 

Lares  et  penates  [L.].     Household  gods. 

Lean-to.     A  shed  placed  against  another  building  and  having  a 

single -pitched  roof. 
Livery  stable.     A  place  where  horses  are  stabled  and  where  they  can 

be  hired. 


Bower,  etc.     A  retired  dwelling  in   a  wood.     See   Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 
Box.     A  building  with  some  resemblance  to  a  box. 
Building.     Any  structure  intended  for  occupation.     See  Creation. 
Bungalow.     An  East  Indian  country  house. 
Byre.     A  cow-house. 
Cabaret.     A  wineshop. 
Cabin.     A  small,  rudely  constructed  house 
Caji  [F.].     A  restaurant. 

Camp.     The  temporary  stopping  place  of  an  army  orexpedition. 
Canteen.     A  shop  where  liquors  are  sold  to  soldiers. 
Cantonment.     A  section  of  a  town  reserved  for  lodging  soldiers. 
Capital.     A  chief  city. 

Caravansary.     A  resting-place  for  caravans. 
Casemate.     A  chamber  in  a  fortification. 
Casern.     A  barrack  in  a  garrison  town. 
Castle.     A  strong,  fortified  building. 
Castrametation.     The  plan  of  a  camp. 
Cave.     A  natural  cavity  under  the  surface  of  the  earth. 
Cell.     A  small  chamber. 
Chalet  [F.].     A  Swiss  peasant's  cottage. 

Chamber,  etc.     A  room  in  a  dwelling-house.      See  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 
Chateau  [F  ].     A  French  country  mansion. 
Club.     The  apartments  occupied  by  a  social  organization 
Club-house.     Meeting-place  for  clubs. 
Coffee-house.     A  restaurant. 

Coop.     A  very  small  building  for  keeping  small  animals. 
Cot.     A  small  and  unpretentious  house. 
Cote.     A  place  of  shelter. 
Cottage.     A  small  house. 
Country-seat.     A  mansion  in  the  country. 
Court.     The  residence  of  a  sovereign. 
Court-house.     Judicial  building  of  a  county. 
Covert.     A  sheltering  place. 
Cow-house.     A  barn  used  entirely  for  cattle. 
Cow-shed.     A  small  building  used  to  shelter  cattle. 
Croft.     A  very  small  farm. 
Den.     An  underground  retreat. 

Dog-hole.     A  hole  in  the  ground  used  as  a  shelter  by  a  dog. 
Domicile.     A  fixed  place  of  abode. 
Dove-cote.     A  small  house  for  tame  pigeons. 
Duke  domum  [L.].     Sweet  home. 
Dwelling.     A  house  in  which  people  reside. 
Eating-house.     A  public  house  where  food  is  served. 
Encampment.     A  camp  and  the  persons  occupying  it. 
Enodochium.     Lodging-room  of  a  monastery. 
Estaminet  [F.].     A  smoking-room . 
Eyry.     See  Aerie. 

Farm.     A  piece  of  property  devoted  to  agriculture. 
Farm-house.     A  dwelling-house  on  a  farm. 
Fatherland.     The  land  of  one's  birth. 
Fireside.     Home  and  its  tender  associations. 
Folly.     A  costly  and  ruinous  structure. 
Gin  palace.     A  drinking-saloon. 

Grange.     A  farm  and  farm-house  with  all  appurtenances. 
Habitat.     The  region  where    some  species  of    plant  or  animal  is 

usually  found. 
Habitation.     A  dwelling-place. 
Hacienda  [Sp.].     A  large  country  estate. 
Hall.     A  large  building  for  public  use. 
Haunt.     A  place  of  frequent  resort  for  some  person. 
Headquarters.     The  lodging-place  of  the  chief  persons  in  an  event. 
Hearth  j.  The  domestic  fireside. 

Hearthstone. ) 

Hermitage.     The  dwelling-place  of  a  hermit. 
Hive.     The  dwelling-place  of  bees. 
Hole.     A  low  and  dirty  place  of  abode. 
Home.     One's  family  residence. 

Homestead.     The  home  and  the  adjacent  land  occupied  with  it. 
Hospice.     A  place  of  refuge  for  travelers  in  difficulty. 

£&>*- 

Hotel.     A  public  place  of  sojourning  for  travelers. 

Hotel  deville  [F.].     A  city  hall. 

House.     A  building  intended  for  habitation. 

Household.     The  persons  in  a  house  composing  a  family. 

Household  goods.     Movable  property  connected  with  a  household. 

Housing.     A  shelter  from  the  weather 

Hovel.     A  poor  and  miserable  dwelling. 

Hut.     A  small  and  rude  dwelling. 

(Continued  on  Column  i.) 


DWELLER— HABITATION. 


316 


DWELLER— HABITATION. 


HABITATION— Continued. 


Local  habitation.     A  dwelling-place  confined  to  a  definite  region. 

Lodge.     A  small  house  for  temporary  shelter. 

Lodging.     A  temporary  habitation. 

Maison  de  campagne  [F.].     A  country  seat. 

Manor-house.     The  house  of  a  nobleman  on  his  landed  estate. 

Mansion.     A  place  of  residence  of  some  size  and  pretension. 

Meeting-house.     A  house  used  as  a  place  of  public  worship. 

Messuage.  The  legal  term  for  a  house  and  the  adjacent  buildings  and 
lands  used  by  the  household. 

Motherland.     The  land  of  one's  ancestors. 

Mug-honse.     A  public  house  where  liquors  are  sold. 

Native  land.     The  land  in  which  one  was  born. 

Native  soil.     The  soil  on  which  one  was  born. 

Nest.     The  habitation  made  by  a  bird  for  its  young 

Nidification.     The  act  of  making  a  nest. 

Nidus.     A  place  for  laying  eggs. 

Odeon.  In  ancient  Greece,  a  roofed  temple  in  which  trial  perform- 
ances were  held. 

Palace.     A  splendid  and  stately  residence. 

Paternal  domicile.     The  home  of  one's  father. 

Pavilion.     An  open  building  for  entertainment. 

Pen,  etc.     A  small  enclosure  for  animals.     See  Enclosure. 

Perch.     A  pole  used  as  a  roost  for  birds. 

Posada  [Sp.].     An  inn. 

Pot-house.     An  ale-house. 

Public-house.  A  house  where  all  proper  comers  have  lodging  and 
entertainment. 

Pump-room.     A  public  room  at  a  mineral  spring. 

Quarters.     A  place  of  temporary  residence. 

Quincunx.  An  arrangement  of  houses  by  fives  in  a  square  or  rect- 
angle. 

Resiance.     A  residence. 

Residence.     The  place  of  one's  abode. 

Resort.     A  place  much  used  as  a  temporary  habitation  for  pleasure. 


Restaurant.     A  public  eating-house. 

Retreat.     A  place  of  seclusion  and  safety. 

Roof.     A  home. 

Rookery.     An  overcrowded,  rickety  building. 

Roost.     A  perch  upon  which  birds  rest  at  night. 

Rotunda.     A  round  building. 

Rus  in  urbe  [L.].     Country  in  city. 

Sanctum    sanctorum  [L.].      The  holy  of  holies;    a  place   of  great 

privacy. 
Seat.     A  mansion  and  the  estate  connected  with  it. 
Shanty.     A  rough  and  rickety  wooden  house. 
Shed.     A  small  building  with  open  sides. 
Shippen.     A  stable . 
Snuggery.     A  cozy  room. 
Sojourn.     Temporary  residence. 
Spa.  '  A  watering-place  with  mineral  springs. 
Stable.     A  building  to  keep  horses  and  cattle  in. 
Stall.     A  compartment  in  which  a  horse  or  bovine  animal  is  kept. 
Sty.     An  enclosure  for  swine. 
Taberna.     A  tent;  booth. 

Tabernacle.     A  tentlike  structure  for  temporary  habitation. 
Tavern.     A  public  house  where  guests  are  entertained  for  pay. 
Teepee.     One  of  the  conical  lodges  of  the  North  American  Indians 
Temple,  etc.     A  house  of  worship.     See  Fane. 
Tenement.     A  building  having  apartments  to  be  let. 
Tent.     A  movable  shelter  of  canvas.     See  Cover. 
Throne.     The  seat  of  a  monarch. 
Tower.     A  very  tall  structure. 
Villa.     A  beautiful  country  residence. 

Watering-place.     A  pleasure  resort  near  a  lake  or  by  the  sea. 
Where  one's  lot  is  cast.     The  place  of  one's  residence. 
Wigwam.     A  tent  of  the  North  American  Indians. 
Zenana,     An  East  Indian  harem. 


Habitation — Collective  Nouns. 


IJoroug   .  j  ^n  incorp0rated  village  or  town. 

Capital.     A  chief  city  or  town ;  the  seat  of  government. 

City.     A  municipality  of  the  first  class,  governed  by  a  mayor  and 

created  by  charter. 
Country.     A  land  under  a  particular  government,  inhabited  by  a 

certain  people,  within  definite  geographical  limits. 
Dorp.     A  small  village. 

Ham.     The  old  Anglo-Saxon  village  or  town. 
Hamlet.     A  little  village. 


Kraal.     An  African  village. 

Metropolis.     The  chief  city  of  a  state  or  country. 

Province.     Any  large  administrative  division  of  a  country. 

Suburb.     A  region  or  place  adjacent  to  a  city. 

Thorp.     A  small  village. 

Town.     A  collection  of  dwelling-houses  as  distinguished  from  th« 

adjacent  country. 
Village.     A  collection  of  houses  larger  than  a  hamlet  and  smaller 

than  a  town. 


Habitation — Associated  Nouns. 


Alley.     A  narrow  walk  or  street. 

Arcade.     A  covered  street. 

Block  of  buildings.  The  buildings  enclosed  in  a  single  square 
bounded  by  streets. 

Circus.     A  circle  formed  by  bow -shaped  rows  of  houses. 

Close.     A  narrow  lane. 

Colonnade.     A  walk  bordered  by  columns. 

Court.     A  yard  or  space  surrounded  wholly  by  buildings  or  walls. 

Crescent.     An  arc -shaped  row  of  houses,  or  street . 

Demesne.     A  manor-house  and  the  adjoining  lands. 

Embankment.  A  bank  or  dike  along  a  river  forming  a  level  drive- 
way. 

Esplanade.     A  level  place  for  promenading. 

Garden.     A  place  set  apart  for  the  cultivation  of  flowers. 

Ghetto.     The  Jewish  quarter  in  a  city. 

Grove.     A  group  of  cultivated  trees. 

Lane.  A  narrow  way  or  path,  confined  between  fences,  walls,  or  the 
like. 

Mall.     A  public  walk. 

Market-place.     A  place  where  merchandise  is  exposed  for  sale. 

Mews.     A  range  of  buildings  used  as  stables. 


Parade.     The  ground  where  military  reviews  are  held;  a  public  walk. 
Parish, etc.     See  Extension-District. 

Park.     A  tract  of  land  set  apart  for  ornament  and  recreation. 
Passage.     A  narrow  walk  between  buildings. 
Piazza.     An  open  area  or  public  square  in  a  city. 
Place.     An  open  space  or  square  in  a  city. 
Plaisance  [F.].     A  retired  pleasure-ground. 
Pleasure-ground.     A  place  devoted  to  recreation. 
Polygon.     A  space  laid  out  in  the  form  of  a  polygon. 
Quad.     A  quadrangular  court. 

Quadrangle.     A  court,  square    or  oblong,  almost  or  entirely  sur- 
rounded by  buildings. 
Quarter.     A  particular  part,  division,  or  district,  as  of  a  town. 
Rents.  Certain  periodical  profits  from  the  use  of  lands  and  tenements. 
Residences.     Dwelling-places. 
Road.     A  way  or  street. 
Row.     A  line  of  houses. 
Square.     An  open  space  in  a  city. 
Terrace.     A  level  area  on  the  side  of  a  sloping  bank. 
Wynd.     A  lane  or  alley. 
Yard.     The  grounds  about  a  house. 


Habitation — Nautical  Terms. 


Anchorage.     A  place  where  ships  may  lie  at  anchor. 

Basin.     A  dock. 

Dock.     The  space  between  two  adjoining  piers. 

Harbor.     A  sheltered  place  where  ships  may  find  protection  from 

storms. 
Port.      Any  bay  or  inlet  where  a  ship  may  be  sheltered  from  storms. 


Quay.     An  artificial  landing  place  where  vessels  may  discharge  their 

cargoes. 
Roads.         \  An  open  place  some  distance  from  the  shore  where 
Roadstead,  i       ships  may  ride  at  anchor. 
Wharf.     A  landing-place  for  vessels  and  their  cargoes. 


Inhabit,  etc.     To  live  in  as  a  home.     Sec  Presence. 


Habit  at  ion —  Verbs. 

Take  up  one's  abode,  etc.     See  Establishment. 


DWELLER— HABITATION. 


317 


DYSPHONY. 


HABITATION — Adjectives— Continued. 


Cosmopolitan.     Common  to  the  whole  world. 

Domestic.     Pertaining  to  the  home. 

Habitable.     That  may  be  dwelt  in. 

Metropolitan.     Pertaining  to  a  chief  city. 

Palatial.     Pertaining  to  or  becoming  a  palace;  grand  in  style. 


Provincial.     Pertaining  to  a  province. 
Rural.     Pertaining  to  the  country. 
Rustic.     Belonging  to  the  country 
Suburban.     Pertaining  to  the  suburbs  of  a  city. 
Urban.     Belonging  to  a  city. 


Habitation — Phrases. 


Eigner  Herd  ist  Goldes  werth  [G.Q.  One's  own  hearth  has  golden 
worth. 

dwell'-ing.  A  house  occupied  as  an  abode.  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Establishment-Removal. 

dwerg'-er.     A  sprite.     Jove-Fiend. 

dwin'-dle.  To  become  less.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion. 

dy-ad'-ic.     Consisting  of  two  parts.     Duality. 

dye.     To  fix  a  color  in.     Color- Achromatism. 

dy'-ing.     Ceasing  to  live.     Life-Death. 

dy-nam'-ic.  Of  forces  not  in  equilibrium.  Impetus- 
Reaction. 

dy-nam'-i-cal.  Of  forces  not  in  equilibrium.  Impetus- 
Reaction;  dynamical  geology,  Geology. 


Ubi  libertas,  ibi  patria  [L.]. 
land. 


Where  liberty  is,  there  is  my  father. 


dy-nam'-ic  en'-er-gy.     Energy  pertaining  to  mechanical 
force.     Might-Impotence,  Strength-Weakness. 

dy-nam'-ics.     The  science  that  treats  of  the  laws  of 
force.     Impetus-Reaction. 

dy-nas'-tic.     Of  a  dynasty.     Rule-License. 

dy'-nas-ty.     A  succession  of  kings  in  one  line  of  descent. 
Rule-License. 

dys-pep'-si-a.     Bad  digestion.     Health-Sickness. 

Relating  to  dyspepsia.      Health-Sick- 


dys-pep'-tic 

NESS. 

dys'-pho-ny 

NESS. 


Enfeebled  voice.     Vocalization-Mute- 


EACH. 


318 


EARLI  NESS— LATENESS. 


each.  One  of  several.  Universality-Particular- 
ity; each  in  his  turn,  Commutation-Permutation; 
each  other,  Interdependence;  each  to  each,  Assign- 
ment, Universality- Particularity. 

ea'-ger.  Earnest.  Activity-Indolence,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Emotion,  Readiness  -  Reluctance  ; 
eager  expectation,  Expectation-Surprise;  eager 
glance,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

ea'-ger-ness.  Earnestness.  Activity-Indolence, 
Desire-Distaste,  Emotion,  Readiness  -  Rbluc- 
tance. 

ea'-gle.  Coin;  a  vicious  bird  of  prey.  Sign,  Swiftness- 
Slowness,  Values;  eagle  eye,  Sagacity-Incapacity, 
Sight-Blindness;  eagle  speed,  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness; eagle-winged,  Swiftness-Slowness;  eagle- 
wood,  Ceremonial. 

ea'-gly-     Eagle-like.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

ea'-gre.     A  tidal  wave.     River-Wind. 

ean.     To  bring  forth  young.     Creation-Destruction. 

ear.  The  organ  of  hearing.  Hearing-Deafness;  all 
ears;  Hearing-Deafness;  come  to  one's  ears,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy; din  in  the  ears,  Crash- 
Drumming,  Loudness-Faintness;  ear  for  music, 
Hearing-Deafness,  Musician;  have  the  ears  of, 
Amity-Hostility,  Faith-Misgiving;  in  at  one  ear, 
out  at  the  other,  Heed-Disregard,  Remembrance- 


Forgetfulness;  lend  an  ear,  Hearing-Deafness, 
Heed-Disregard;  make  the  ears  tingle,  Favorite- 
Anger;  meet  the  ears,  Hearing-Deafness;  nice 
ears,  Hearing-Deafness;  no  ears,  Hearing  Deaf- 
ness; not  for  ears  polite,  Purity-Impurity;  offend 
the  ears,  Cacophony;  prick  up  the  ears,  Expecta- 
tion-Surprise, Heed-Disregard;  pull  about  one's 
ears,  Elevation-Depression;  quick  ears,  Hearing- 
Deafness;  reach  one's  ears,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy;  ring  in  the  ears,  Loudness-Faintness, 
Resonance-Nonresonance  ;  set  by  the  ears,  Favor- 
ite-Anger, Love-Hate,  Variance-Accord;  split 
the  ears,  Loudness-Faintness;  together  by  the  ears, 
Strife-Peace,  Variance-Accord;  up  to  one's  ears, 
Activity-Indolence,  Excess-Lack;  willing  ears, 
Readiness-Reluctance  ;  word  in  the  ear,  Address- 
Response. 

ear'-drum.     The  tympanum.     Hearing-Deafness. 

earl.  A  member  of  the  British  nobility.  Gentility- 
Democracy. 

earl"-dom.  The  dignity  of  an  earl.  Gentility- 
Democracy. 

ear'-less.     Having  no  ears.     Hearing-Deafness. 

ear'-li-er.     Sooner.     Antecedence-Sequence. 

ear'-li-ness.  The  state  of  being  early.  Earliness- 
Lateness. 


EARLINESS— LATENESS. 


Anticipation.     Foreseeing  expectancy. 

A  stitch  in  time.     A  stitch  taken  early,  which  "  saves  nine." 

Earliness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  early.     See  Adjectives. 

Haste,  etc.     Speed  of  action.     See  Swiftness. 

Morning.     Early  part  of  the  day;  earliness  of  time.     See  Morning. 

Precipitation.     The  act  of  rushing  headforemost,  or  heedlessly. 

Precocity.     Earliness  of  growth. 

Prematurity.     Being  full-grown  before  the  natural  period. 

Promptitude,  etc.     Readiness  for  action  at  the  call.     See  Activity. 

Punctuality.  Exactness  of  time  in  keeping  appointments  or  doing  work. 

Suddenness,  etc.      Unexpected  happening.      See  Eternity-Instan- 

TANEITY. 

Earliness — Verbs. 
Accelerate.     To  increase  the  velocity. 
Anticipate.     To  act  before. 

Be  beforehand,  etc.     Be  earlier  than  necessary.     See  Adverbs. 
Be  early,  etc.     Be  in  good  time.     See  Adjectives. 
Bespeak.     To  speak  or  ask  for  early. 
Draw  on  futurity.     To  do  now  so  as  to  save  time  later. 
Engage.     To  fix  upon  a  time  for  doing. 
Expedite,  etc.     To  hasten  or  push  ahead.     See  Swiftness. 
Forestall.     To  prevent  by  taking  care  in  time;  to  buy  goods  on  the 

way  to  market  to  raise  the  price  in  market. 
Gain  the  start.     To  be  farther  ahead  or  have  more  done  than  another. 
Gain  time.     To  do  so  as  not  to  require  as  much  time. 
Have  the  start.     To  be  ahead. 
Keep  time.     To  do  at  the  right  moment. 
Make  haste,  etc.     To  hasten.     See  Hurry. 
Preengage.     To  bargain  for  beforehand. 
Secure.     To  make  certain  by  early  action. 
Steal  a  march  upon.     To  act  quietly  before  another  so  as  to  deceive 

him. 
Take  time  by  the  forelock.     To  do  early  so  as  to  save  time  or  labor 

later. 

Earliness — Adjectives. 
Anticipatory.     Acting  beforehand,  or  in  expectation  of  something. 
Early.     In  good  time;  soon. 
Forward.     In  the  lead. 
Immediate.     At  the  same  instant. 
In  time.     Not  too  late. 


Near. 

Near  at  hand. 


Not  far  off. 


Adjournment.     Suspending  the  session  of  a  body  till  a  later  time. 

Chancery  suit.     A  long  delayed  trial  in  the  Chancellor's  Court. 

Cunctation.     Cautious  slowness. 

Deferring,  etc.     Putting  off  from  one  time  to  another.     See  Verbs. 

Delation.!  ,  ... 

Delay.      J  Loss  of  time* 

Fabian  policy.  The  tendency  to  put  off  till  a  more  favorable  oppor- 
tunity, as  Fabius  did  with  Hannibal. 

High  time.     The  end  of  the  time  for  doing  something. 

Lateness,  etc.   The  state  of  much  time  having  passed.   See  Adjectives. 

Leeway.     Lost  time. 

Midecine  expectante  [F.].  The  system  of  giving  remedies  only  when 
the  disease  has  had  time  to  develop. 

Postponement.     A  putting  off  for  a  time. 

Procrastination.     Blamable  deferring. 

Prolongation.     Deferring. 

Prorogation.     A  putting  off  to  another  time. 

Protraction.     Delaying  of  the  termination  of  a  thing. 

Respite.     Rest  from  effort  or  labor 

Retardation.     Lessening  of  the  movement  of  a  thing. 

Tardiness,  etc.  Not  being  present  at  the  appointed  time  See 
Swiftness-Slowness. 

Lateness — Verbs. 

Adjourn.     To  discontinue  the  session  of  a  body  at  intervals. 

Await.     To  be  ready  for.     See  Expectation. 

Be  kept  waiting.     To  be  delayed  in  going  forward. 

Be  late.     To  come  after  the  appointed  time.     See  sub  Adjectives- 

Bide.     To  wait. 

Bide  one's  time.     Not  to  be  hasty. 

Consult  one's  pillow.     To  sleep  before  acting  further 

Cool  one's  heels.     To  wait  long. 

Dally.     To  lose  time  by  playing  or  loitering. 

Dance  attendance.     Wait  upon  another  continually. 

Dawdle.     To  act  lazily.     See  Inactivity. 

Defer.     To  put  off. 

Delay.     To  hinder  progress. 

Draw  out.     To  lengthen. 

Drive  to  the  last.     Continue  to  the  very  end. 

Faire  antichambre  [F.].     To  wait  in  the  anteroom. 

Gain  time.     To  do  so  as  to  save  time  in  the  action. 

Hang  fire.     To  be  slow  in  taking  effect. 


EARLINESS. 


319 


EARLINESS— LATENESS. 


EARLIN  ESS— LATE  NESS— Continued. 


EARLINESS — Adjectives— Continued. 

Precipitate.     Without  due  forethought;  headforemost. 

Precocious.     Developed  before  the  usual  time. 

Premature.     Ripened  or  done  before  the  proper  time. 

Prevenient.     Previous. 

Prime.     Of  the  best  quality;  being  in  the  best  period  of  growth  or 

strength. 
Prompt,  etc.     Ready  at  short  notice.     See  Activity. 
Punctual.     Observing  exactly  appointed  times  of  action. 
Rath.     Early. 
Sudden,   etc.     Coming   without   warning.     See    Eternity-Instan- 

TANEITY. 

Summary.     Regardless  of  the  usual  methods;  quickly. 

Timely.     Happening  at  right  time. 

Unexpected,  etc.     Not  foreseen.     See  Expectatiox-Surprise. 

Earliness — Adverbs. 

Almost  immediately.     In  the  next  instant. 

Anon.     Immediately;  soon;  at  once. 

Apace.     Rapidly. 

At  once.     Without  waiting;  anon. 

At  short  notice.     In  a  short  time;  almost  immediately. 

At  sight.     Immediately  upon  looking. 

At  the  first  opportunity.     The  first  time  that  chance  is  given. 

Beforehand.     Previous  to  the  time  of  action. 

Before  its  time.     Sooner  than  was  proper. 

Before  long.     Soon. 

Before  one  can  say  "Jack  Robinson."  In  the  shortest  possible  time. 
[A  work  it  is  as  easy  to  be  done,  as 'tis  to  say  Jack  I  robes  onl 
Old  Play.] 

Before  one's  time.     Before  the  person  was  born. 

Before  the  ink  is  dry.     In  a  very  few  minutes. 

Betimes.     Soon  enough. 

Briefly.     In  a  few  words. 

By  and  by.     After  a  short  time. 

Directly.     Without  delay. 

Early.     Ahead  of  the  required  or  usual  time. 

Eft.     Again . 

Eftsoons.     Soon  afterward. 

Ere  long.      Before  a  long  time  has  passed. 

Extempore.     Without  preparation. 

Forthwith.     Immediately. 

Immediately.      Without  any  delay. 

In  anticipation.     For  preventing. 

In  a  while.     After  a  short  lapse  of  time. 

Incontinently.     At  the  same  instant. 

In  due  time.     Requiring  only  as  much  time  as  is  proper. 

In  good  time.     Before  the  last  moment. 

In  military  time.     With  promptness  and  punctuality. 

In  no  long  time.     Soon. 

In  no  time.     In  a  very  short  space  of  time. 

In  pudding  time.     At  the  last  minute. 

In  time.     Before  or  at  the  required  instant. 

Offhand.     Without  preparation. 

On  the  instant.     At  the  same  point  of  time. 

On  the  spot.     At  that  very  place,  without  hesitation. 

On  the  spur  of  the  moment.     Following  the  emotions  of  a  critical 

instant. 
On  the  spur  of  the  occasion.     [His  laws  were  not  made  on  the  spur 
of  a  particular  occasion  for  the  present,  but  out  of  providence  for 
the  future.     Bacon,  History  of  Henry  VII.] 
Out  of  hand.      Immediately. 

Precipitately.      Without  due  deliberation.     See  Hurry. 
Prematurely.      Before  the  proper  time.     See  Adjectives. 
Presently.     Soon. 
Punctually,    etc.     Exactly   at   the   appointed   or  fixed   time.     See 

Adjectives. 
Quickly.     With  haste. 
Rath.     Early.     Rather,  sooner. 
Shortly.     After  the  lapse  uf  a  short  time. 
Soon.     After  a  short  time. 
Speedily.     Quickly. 
Straight.  "| 

Straightforth.  >  Without  kiss  of  time. 
Straightway.   J 

Suddenly,  etc.     Without   warning.     See  Eternity-Instantanbity. 
Summarily.      Not  going  through  the  usual  forms. 
Time  enough.      Time  sufficiently  long  for  the  purpose. 
Too  soon.      Earlier  than  was  necessary  or  right. 
To  the  minute.     Through  the  full  limit  of  the  time. 
Unexpectedly.     Without  being  previously  thought  of  or  seen.     See 
Expectation-Surprise. 


LATENESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Keep  back.     To  hold  away  from. 
Kick  one's  heels.     To  wait  impatiently. 

Lay  over.)  To  wait  or  delay. 

Lengthen  out.     To  extend. 

Let  the  matter  stand  over.     To  defer  further  action  for  a  time. 

Lie  over.     To  be  left  for  consideration  later. 

Linger.     To  move  slowly. 

Loiter.     To  spend  time  idly. 

Lose  an  opportunity,  etc.     To  miss  a  chance,  etc     See  Opportune- 

ness-Unsuitableness. 
Postpone.     To  put  off  for  a  time. 
Procrastinate.     To  defer  without  cause. 
Prolong.     To  continue. 
Prorogue.     To  end  a  session. 
Protract.     To  be  slow  to  conclude. 
Push  to  the  last.     To  do  everything  else  first. 
Put  off.     To  delay  in  doing. 
Remand.     To  send  back. 
Reserve,  etc.     To  keep  back.     See  Store. 
Retard.    _To  make  go  slower. 
Shift  off/  To  defer  artfully. 

Sit  up'at  night.  I  To  work  late  at  *&*• 

Sleep  upon  it.  To  think  deeply  during  resting  hours.  [Webster,  Reply 

to  Hayne.] 
Spin.     To  draw  out  at  great  length. 
Stand  over.     To  leave  for  later  consideration. 
Stave  off.     To  ward  off  or  drive  off. 
Stay.     To  tarry. 

Suspend.     To  stop  or  quit  for  a  time. 
Take  one's  time.     To  act  slowly. 
Take  time.     To  plan  to  have  time  to  do  something. 
Tarry.     To  linger. 

Temporize.     To  delay  by  yielding  to  adverse  circumstances. 
Tide  over.     To  pass  through  or  over  safely. 
Wait.     To  stay  for  something. 
Wait  impatiently.     To  remain  unwillingly. 
Waive.     To  let  go  for  the  present. 

Lateness — Adjectives. 
Backward.     Retiring. 
Behindhand.     Late. 

Belated.     Kept  back  past  the  proper  time. 
Delayed,  etc      Hindered  so  as  to  arrive  late.     See  Verbs 
Dilatory,  etc.     Acting  slowly.     See  Swiftness-Slowness. 
In  abeyance.     Not  in  force;  not  vested,  as  the  title  to  land  wanting 

its  heir. 
Late.     After  the  usual  or  appointed  time  for  something. 
Posthumous.     Occurring  after  death. 
Postliminous.     Contrived,  done,  or  existing  subsequently. 
Slow.     Backward. 
Tardy.     Late. 
Unpunctual.     Not  observant  of  the  exact  time. 

Lateness — Adverbs. 

After  time.     Past  a  certain  hour. 

At  last.     Finally. 

At  length.     After  a  long  while. 

At  one's  leisure.     Whenever  one  cares  to. 

At  sunset.  1  When   the  time  or  opportunity  was  almost 

At  the  eleventh  hour./      gone. 

Backward.     Slowly;  tardily. 

Behind  time.     Late. 

Deliberately.     Using  plenty  of  time. 

Late.     Not  early  enough. 

Late  in  the  day.     After  3  or  4  o'clock  p.  m. 

Lateward.     A  little  late. 

Leisurely.     Taking  plenty  of  time. 

Slowly.     Without  haste. 

Too  late.     Not  early  enough. 

Too  late  for.     Not  early  enough  for.     See  Opportuneness-Unsuit- 

ableness. 
Ultimately.     Finally. 

Laten  e  s  S — Phrases . 

E'meglio  tardi  che  mai  [It.].     It  is  better  late  than  never. 

Ex  post  facto  [L.].     After  the  doing  of  a  deed.     [Law.] 

Nonum  prematur  in  annum  [L.].     Let  it  (a  poem)  be  kept  for  nine 

years.     [Horace,  Ars  Poetic  a,  388.] 
St»»  die  [L.].     Without  date;  indefinitely. 


EARLINESS. 


320 


EAVESDROP. 


EARLINESS— Phrases 

A  vue  d'ceil  [P.].     Visibly. 

No  sooner  said  than  done.     Acted  upon  (as  a  suggestion)  at  once. 

Touch  and  go.     Barely  done. 


-Continued. 

Tout  vient  d  temps  pour  qui  sait  attendre  [F.].     Everything  comes 
in  time  to  him  who  knows  how  to  wait. 


earl'-ship.  The  office  of  an  earl.  Gentility-Democracy. 

ear'-ly.  In  good  season.  Earliness-Lateness;  get 
up  early,  Activity-Indolence. 

ear'-mark".     A  mark  of  identification.     Sign. 

earn.     To  gain  as  a  just  return.     Gain-Loss. 

ear'-nest.  Zealous  and  determined;  a  pledge.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Determination-Vacil- 
lation, Emotion,  Outlay-Income,  Readiness-Re- 
luctance, Security;  in  earnest,  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Assertion-Denial,  Determination-Vacil- 
lation, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

ear'-nest-ly.  With  determination.  Determination- 
Vacillation. 

ear'-nest-ness.  State  of  being  earnest.  Activity-In- 
dolence, Emotion,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

earn'-ings.  Wages.  Affluence-Penury,  Gain- 
Loss,  Money,  Outlay-Income.  . 

ear'-pier"-cing.     Shrill.     Cacophony. 

ear'-ring".  A  ring  or  hook  passed  through  the  ear. 
Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

ear'-shot.  Ear-reach.  Remoteness-Nearness;  out 
of  ear-shot,  Loudness-Faintness. 

ear'-split"-ting.     Deafening.     Loudness-Faintness. 

earth.  The  world;  soil.  Astronomy,  Life-Corpse, 
Ocean- Land,  Top-Bottom,  Universe;  what  on 
earth,  Astonishment-Expectance,  Investigation- 
Answer. 

earth'-born".  Ofearthlyorigin.  Gentility-Democracy. 

earth'-en-ware".  Vessels,  etc.,  made  of  baked  clay. 
Heating-Cooling,  Sculpture. 

earth '-li-ness.     Worldliness.     Humanity. 

earth'-ling.     A  worldling.     Humanity. 

earth'-ly.  Worldly.  Godliness-Disbelief,  Ocean- 
Land,  Universe,  Unselfishness-Selfishness;  end 
one's  earthly  career,  Life-Death;  of  no  earthly  use, 
Usefulness-Uselessness. 

earth'-ly-mind"-ed.  Worldly-minded.  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness. 

earth'-quake".  A  shaking  of  the  ground.  Geology, 
Revolution,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

earth'-ward.     Toward  the  earth.     Universe. 

earth'-work".  A  fortification  made  of  earth.  At- 
tack-Defense. 

ear'- wig".  A  secret  informer;  to  influence  by  secret 
counsel.  Adulation-Disparagement,  Flatterer- 
Defamer. 

ear'-wise.     Through  the  ear.     Hearing-Deafness. 

ear'-wit"-ness.  One  who  testifies  from  hearing.  Evi- 
dence -Counterevidence. 

ease.  Rest;  facility.  Alleviation-Aggravation, 
Contentedness  -  Discontentment,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Hurry-Leisure,  Pleasure-Pain,  Pur- 
ity-Crudeness,  Sensuality-Suffering;  at  ease, 
Sensuality-Suffering;  at  one's  ease,  Hurry- 
Leisure,  Liberty-Subjection,  Sensuality-Suf- 
fering, Welfare-Misfortune;  ease  off*,  Admission- 
Expulsion;  ease  one  of,  Taking-Restitution; 
mind  at  ease,  Contentedness-Discontentment, 
Lightheartedness-Dejectio*;  set  at  ease,  Allevi- 
ation-Aggravation; take  one's  ease,  Contented- 
ness-Discontentment, Hurry-Leisure,  Toil-Re- 
laxation. 

ea'-sel.  A  frame  for  supporting  a  picture,  etc.  Paint- 
ing, Suspension-Support;  easel-picture,  Suspen- 
sion-Support. 

ease'-ment.  A  certain  incorporeal  right ;  convenience. 
Alleviation-Aggravation,  Property. 

eas'-i-ly.  Readily.  Difficulty-Facility,  Purity- 
Crudeness,    Swiftness-Slowness;     easily   accom- 


plished,    Difficulty-Facility;      easily     deceived, 
Credulousness-  Skepticism;       easily     persuaded, 
Readiness-Reluctance;   let  one  down  easily,  Par- 
don- Vindictiveness. 
eas'-i-ness.  State  of  being  easy.  Difficulty-Facility. 
eas'-ing.     Eaves.     Architecture. 
east.     A  cardinal  point  of  the  compass.     Aim-Aberra- 
tion, Laterality-Contraposition. 
east'-a-bout".      In  an  easterly  direction.      Aim-Aber- 
ration. 
East'-er.   A  Christian  festival.  Ceremonial,  Periodic- 
ity-Irregularity ;  Easter  Monday,ENTERTAiNMENT- 
Weariness;    Easter    offering,    Giving-Receiving. 
east'-er.     To  shift  to  the  east.     Aim-Aberration. 

east'-er-ly.     Eastward.     Aim-Aberration. 

east'-ern.     Of  the  east.     Laterality-Contraposition. 

East'-ern-er.  One  who  dwells  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
United  States.     Constituent-Alien. 

east'-ward.     Toward  the  east.     Aim-Aberration. 

easy.  Tranquil;  facile.  Difficulty-Facility,  Plr- 
ity-Crudeness,  Swiftness-Slowness;  easy  ascent, 
Parallelism-Inclination;  easy  chair,  Suspension- 
Support,  Toil-Relaxation;  easy  circumstances, 
Affluence-Penury;  easy  going,  Contentedness- 
Discontentment,  Determination- Vacillation, 
Excitability  -  Inexcitability,  Harshness  -  Mild- 
ness, Readiness-Reluctance,  Unconcern;  easy 
of  belief,  Likelihood-Unlikelihood;  easy  sail, 
Swiftness-Slowness;  easy  temper,  Politeness- 
Impoliteness;  easy  terms,  Difficulty-Facility; 
easy  to  understand,  Clearness-Obscurity;  easy 
virtue,  Purity-Impurity;  make  oneself  easy  about, 
Faith-Misgiving;  take  it  easy,  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Excitability-Inexcitability;  woman  of 
easy  virtue,  Purity-Rake. 

eat.  To  consume.  Admission-Expulsion,  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability, Nutriment- Excretion; 
eat  dirt,  Yielding;  eat  heartily,  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion; eat  off  the  same  trencher,  Sociability-Pri- 
vacy; eat  one's  fill,  Enough,  Fasting-Gluttony; 
eat  one's  words,  Bigotry-Apostasy  ;  eat  out  of  house 
and  home,  Extravagance-Avarice,  Fasting-Glut- 
tony, Taking-Restitution. 

eat'-a-ble.     Fit  to  be  eaten.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

eat'-a-bles.     Edibles.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

eat'-age.     Pasturage.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

eat-en  up  with.     Imbued  with.     Affections. 

eat'-er.     One  who  eats.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

eat'-ing.  Taking  sustenance.  Admission-Expulsion, 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

eat'-ing-house".  A  restaurant.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion, Nutriment-Excretion. 

eau  a  la  bouche,  jaire  venirl'  [F.]  (lo  a  la  bush,  ferve- 
nir').  To  make  one's  mouth  water.  Desire-Distaste. 

eau,  battre  I'  [F.]  (lo,  batr).  To  beat  the  water;  to 
labor  in  vain.     Usefulness-Uselessness. 

eau  binile  de  cour  [F.]  (o  be-nit'  de  cur).  Court  holy 
water;  fair  empty  words.     Ceremonial. 

eau  dans  son  vin,  mettre  de  V  [F.]  (lo  dan'  son'  van-, 
metr  de).  To  put  water  in  his  wine;  to  cool  one's 
passion.     Turbulence-Calmness. 

eau  de  Cologne  [F.]  (o  de  co-lony').  Cologne  water. 
Perfume-Stench. 

eau  sucrge  [F.]  (o  su-cre').  Sweetened  water.  Sweet- 
ness-Acidity. 

eaves.  The  projecting  edge  of  a  roof.  Architecture, 
Convexity-Concavity. 

eaves'-drop".  To  listen  secretly  to.  Enlighten- 
menT-Secrecy. 


EAVESDROPPER. 


321 


EDACITY. 


eaves'-drop"-per.         A    listener.         Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,     Hearing-Deafness,     Inquisitiveness- 
Indipference. 
eaves'-drop"-ping.        Listening  secretly.        Hearing- 
Deafness,  Tidings-Mystery. 

ibauche  [F.]   (e-bosh').     Sketch.     Design. 

e"-bau"-choir'.  A  broad  chisel  used  by  sculptors. 
Sculpture. 

ebb.  Decrease.  Advance-Retrogression,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Enlargement-Diminution, 
Enough,  Increase-Decrease  ;  ebb  and  flow,  Vibra- 
tion; ebb  of  life,  Life-Death;  low  ebb,  Deepness- 
Shallowness,  Elevation-Depression,  Excess- 
Lack,  Increase-Decrease. 

ebb'-less.  Havingnoebb.  Advance-Retrogression, 
Deepness-Shallowness,  Increase-Decrease. 

ebb'-tide.  Low  tide.  Dampness-Dryness,  Deep- 
ness-Shallowness, Excess-Lack. 

eb"-do-ma'-ri-us.      An  officer  in  a  cathedral.      Minis- 
try-Laity. 
Eb"-en-e'-zer.     Any  memorial  of  divine  help.    Church. 

£b'-i-on-ite.  A  member  of  an  early  Church  party  char- 
acterized by  Jewish  tendencies.  Orthodoxy-Het- 
erodoxy. 

Eb'-lis.  The  chief  of  the  jinus  who  was  cast  out  of 
heaven.     Jove-Fiend. 

eb'-on.     Very  black.     Whiteness-Blackness. 

eb'-on-y.  A  hard,  heavy,  dark  wood.  Whiteness- 
Blackness. 

iboulcinent  [F.]  (e-bul-mcuv').  The  falling  of  a  fortress 
wall.     Attack-Defense. 

e-bri'-et-y.  Drunkenness.  Teetotalism-Intemper- 
ance. 

e"-bri-os'-i-ty.  Habitual  intoxication.  Teetotalism- 
Intemperance. 

e'-bri-ous.     Drunken.     Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

e-bul'-lient.         Boiling.  Excitation,    Heat-Cold, 

Turbulence-Calmness. 

e-bul'-lio-scope.  An  instrument  for  ascertaining  the 
amount  of  alcohol  in  a  mixture  by  its  boiling-point. 
Heating-Cooling. 

eb"-ul-li'-tion.  A  boiling;  an  outburst.  Agitation, 
Excitability  -  Inexcitability,  Favorite  -  Anger, 
Heating-Cooling,  Turbulence-Calmness,  Vigor- 
Inertia. 

eb'-ur-in.  An  imitation  ivory.  Whiteness-Blackness. 

icarii  [F.]  (e-car-te') .  A  game  of  cards.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 

ec-bat'-ic.  Telling  the  possible  results  of  an  event. 
Consequence-Insignificance. 

ec-cal"-e-o'-bi-on.  An  artificial  egg-hatcher.  Cre- 
ation-Destruction. 

ecce  iterum  Crispinus  [L.]  (ec'-si  ai'-ter-um  cris-pai'- 
nus).     Here  he  is  again.     Recurrence. 

ecce  signum  [L.]  (ec'-si  sig'-num).  Behold  the  signal. 
Sign. 

ec-cen'-tric.  Erratic.  Conventionality-Unconven- 
tionality,  Persistence-Whim,  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity, Saneness-Lunacy. 

ec"-cen-tric'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  eccentric.  Con- 
ventionality-Unconventionality,  Sagacity-In- 
capacity, Saneness-Lunacy. 

ec-chy-mo'-sis.  A  discoloration.  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion. 

ec-cle'-si-arc.     A  church  officer.     Ministry-Laity. 

ec-cle'-si-ast.     The  preacher.     Ministry-Laity. 

Ec-cle"-si-as'-tes.  One  of  the  books  of  the  Bible. 
Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

ec-cle"-si-as'-tic.  A  cleric;  clerical.  Church,  Minis- 
try-Laity. 

ec-cle"-si-as'-tic-al.     Not  secular.     Church,  Revela- 
tion-Pseudorevelation;      ecclesiastical      courts, 
Chi;rch;   ecclesiastical  law,  Law-Lawlessness. 
z  * 


ec-cle"-si-og'-ra-phy.  The  descriptive  history  of  the 
Church.     Church. 

ec-cle"-si-o-log'-ic-al.  Belonging    to    ecclesiology. 

Church. 

ec-cle"-si-ol'-o-gist.  One  versed  in  ecclesiology.  Church. 

ec-cle"-si-ol'-o-gy.  Science  of  organic  Christianity. 
Church. 

ecco  [It.]  (ec'-co).     Look  here.     Heed-Disregard. 

icerveU  [F.]  (6-ser-ve-l§') .  Hare-brained.  Heed- 
Disregard. 

fchajaudage  [F.]  (S-sha-f o-dazh') .  Scaffolding.  Prep- 
aration-Nonpreparation. 

ichapp6e  [F.]  (e-sha-pe') .  A  prank.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 

Cchapper  belle  [F.]  (e-sha-pfi'  bel).  To  escape  nar- 
rowly.    Escape. 

ech'-e-lon.  An  arrangement  of  troops  in  the  form  of 
steps.     Attack-Defense. 

e-che'-um.     Bell-shaped  vase.     Architecture. 

e-chi'-nus.     Part  of  a  column.     Architecture. 

ech'-o.  A  repetition;  to  repeat.  Assent-Dissent, 
Copy-Model,  Imitation-Originality,  Investiga- 
tion-Answer, Recurrence,  Resonance-Nonreso- 
nance;  applaud  to  the  echo,  Approval-Disap- 
proval. 

eclaircissement  [F.]  (e-cler-sis-man').  A  full  ex. 
planation.     Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 

iclat  [F.]  (e-clo/).  Splendor.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

ec-lec'-tic.     Selecting.     Choice-Neutrality. 

ec-lec'-ti-cism.  An  eclectic  method.  Choice-Neu- 
trality. 

ec-lim'-e-ter.  An  instrument  for  measuring  zenith  dis- 
tances of  objects  near  the  horizon.  Remoteness- 
Nearness. 

e-clipse'.  An  obscuration;  to  hide.  Appearance- 
Disappearance,  Dimness,  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy, Light-Darkness,  Reputation-Discredit, 
Supremacy-Subordinacy;  partial  eclipse,  Dimness; 
total  eclipse,  Light-Darkness;  under  an  eclipse, 
Color-Achromatism,  Reputation-Discredit,  Visi- 
bility-Invisibility. 

e-clipsed'.  Darkened  or  hidden.  Appearance-Dis 
appearance. 

e-clip'-tic     The  sun's  path.     Astronomy,  Universe. 

ec'-logue.     A  pastoral  poem.     Poetry-Prose. 

ec"-o-nom'-ic  Pertaining  to  money  matters.  Gen- 
erosity-Frugality, Money. 

ec"-o-nom'-ic-al.     Frugal.     Generosity-Frugality. 

ec"-o-nom'-ics.     Political  economy.     Conduct. 

e-con'-o-mist.  One  who  is  careful  in  money  matters. 
Generosity-Frugality,  Money. 

e-con'-o-mize.  To  be  frugal.   Generosity-Frugality. 

e-con'-o-my.  Frugality.  Conduct,  Generosity-Fru- 
gality, Regularity-Irregularity;  animal  econ- 
omy, Life-Death. 

e'corchef  les  oreilles  [F.]  (e-cor-she'  lez  o-rdiy').  To 
grate  on  the  ears.     Cacophony. 

(crasez  V  tnfdme  [F.]  (e-cra-ze'  lan--fam').  Crush  the 
wretch.  Creation-Destruction,  Good  Man-Bad 
Man. 

ec'-sta-sis.     A  trance.     Activity-Indolence. 

ec'-sta-sy.  Excessive  emotion.  Emotion,  Fancy, 
Pleasure-Pain. 

ec-stat'-ic.  Entrancing.  Emotion,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Pleasure-Pain. 

ec-stat'-i-ca.  An  emotional  woman.  Devotion- 
Magician. 

ec'-type.     A  reproduction.     Copy-Model. 

ec"-u-men'-ic-al.  Universal.  Universality-Par- 
ticularity. 

e-da'-cious.     Given  to  eating.     Fasting-Gluttony. 

e-dac'-i-ty.     Voracity.     Fasting-Gluttony. 


EUuA. 


322 


EDUCATION— MISTEACHING. 


Ed'-da.      Icelandic  literature.      Revelation-Pseudo- 

REVELATION. 

ed'-dy.  A  whirlpool.  Revolution-Evolution, 
River-Wind. 

E'-den.     Paradise.     Heaven-Hell,  Pleasure-Pain. 

e-den'-tate.     Having  no  teeth.     Zoology-Botany. 

edge.  Margin ;  acuteness.  Border,  Height-Low- 
ness,  Vigor-Inertia;  blunt  the  edge  of,  Strength- 
Weakness;  cutting  edge,  Sharpness-Bluntness; 
edge  in,  Environment-Interposition;  edge  of 
hunger,  Desire-Distaste;  edge  one's  way,  Advance- 
Retrogression;  set  on  edge,  Smoothness-Rough- 
ness; take  off  the  edge,  Sharpness-Bluntness; 
take  the  edge  off,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

edge'-tools".  Tools  having  a  sharp  edge.  Sharp- 
ness-Bluntness; to  play  with  edge  tools,  Reckless- 
ness-Caution. 

edge'-wise.  With  the  edge  forward.  Parallelism- 
Inclination. 

edg'-ing.  A  border.  Border,  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement. 

edg'-ing-ly.  With  a  cautious  action.  Recklessness- 
Caution. 

ed'-i-ble.     Eatable.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

ed'-i-bles.     Things  edible.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

e'-dict.     An  authoritative  proclamation.     Order. 


ed"-i-fi-ca'-tion.  Instruction.  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Education-Learning,  Education-Misteach- 
ing,  Godliness-Ungodliness. 

ed'-i-fice.    A  building.     Creation-Destruction. 

ed'-i-fy.  To  build  up.  Creation-Destruction,  Edu- 
cation-Misteaching,  Godliness-Ungodliness. 

ed'-i-fy-ing.     Improving.     Goodness-Badness. 

e'-dile.     A  Roman  magistrate.     Judicature. 

ed'-it.     To  prepare  for  publication.     Publicity. 

e-di'-tion.  Publication.  Publicity  ;  new  edition, 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Renewal. 

editio  prince ps  [L.]  (i-dish'-i-o  prin'-seps).  First 
edition.     Appearance-Disappearance. 

ed'-i-tor.     One  who  edits.     Missive-Publication. 

ed"-i-to'-ri-al.  An  article  by  an  editor.  Missive-Pub- 
lication. 

ed'-i-tor-ship.  The  office  of  an  editor.  Missive-Pub- 
lication. 

ed'-i-tress.     A  female  editor.     Missive-Publication. 

ed'-u-ca-ble.     Capable    of    being    educated.     Educa- 

TION-MlSTEACHING. 

ed'-u-cate.     To  train.     Education-Misteaching. 

ed"-u-ca'-ted.     Trained.     Knowledge-Ignorance. 

ed"-u-ca'-tion.  Training;  culture.  Education-Mis- 
teaching, Education -Learning,  Knoweldge-Io- 
norance;   man  of  education,  Scholar-Dunce. 


EDUCATION-MISTEACHING. 


ABC,  etc.     The  first  three  letters  of  the  alphabet,  used  generally 

■  for  the  whole;  also  a  primer  for  teaching  elementary  reading.  See 
Beginning. 

Apologue.     A  fable  used  to  teach  a  moral. 

Calisthenics.     A  course  of  exercise  which  teaches  grace  and  strength. 

Classical  education.  An  education  founded  on  the  Greek  and 
Roman  languages  and  literatures. 

Course.     A  systematized  order  of  teaching  the  arts  or  sciences. 

Course  of  study.     A  systematized  order  of  study. 

Curriculum.     A  fixed  course  of  study  in  a  school. 

Denominational  education.  An  education  controlled  by  some  relig- 
ious denomination. 

Direction.     The  act  of  administrating. 

Discipline.     The  teaching  of  the  mind  and  manners. 

Discourse.     Connected  communication  of  thought. 

Drill.     The  act  of  teaching  military  or  other  exercises. 

Edification.     Improvement  of  the  mind. 

Education.     Teaching  and  training. 

Educator.     Teacher. 

Elementary  education.  Education  embracing  but  the  first  rudi- 
ments. 

Exercise.     Activity  for  the  training  of  body  or  mind. 

Exercitation,     Exercise;  practise. 

Explanation,  etc.  The  meaning  assigned  to  explain  anything.  See 
Continuity-Interpretation. 

Grammar.     A  treatise  for  teaching  the  principles  of  any  science. 

Guidance.     The  act  of  guiding;  direction. 

Gymnastics.     Disciplinary  exercises  of  body  or  mind. 

Inculcation.     Teaching  by  repeated  and  emphatic  admonitions. 

Indoctrination.     Teaching  in  doctrines  or  principles. 

Initiation.     Teaching  the  rudiments. 

Inoculation.     Teaching  harmful  principles. 

Instruction.     The  act  of  teaching. 

Lecture.     Teaching  by  discourse. 

Lesson.     Instruction  conveyed  by  a  teacher. 

Liberal  education.     A  refined  education. 

Moral  education.     Education  which  treats  of  the  moral  obligations. 

Moral  tuition.     Ethical  teaching. 

Parable.  A  story  based  on  probable  events  of  life  and  nature,  and 
teaching  a  moral. 

Persuasion.     Teaching  by  argument  and  reason. 

Physical  education.     Training  the  body  by  exercise 

Practise.     Teaching  by  frequent  action. 

Preachment.     Teaching  by  discourse  or  sermon. 

Prelection.     A  lecture  read  in  public. 

Preparation .     Qualification . 

Primary  education.     Teaching  of  the  first  rudiments. 

Propedeutics.     Preliminary  learning. 

Propaganda  [h.).     A  system  for  teaching  a  peculiar  doctrine. 

Propagandism.  The  act  of  spreading  by  certain  system  a  peculiar 
doctrine. 


College  of  Laputa.  A  college  on  the  flying  island  of  Laputa  in 
Gulliver's  Travels,  wherein  was  taught  the  folly  of  human 
wisdom. 

False  teaching.     Teaching  contrary  to  truth. 

Misdirection.     A  wrong  direction. 

Misguidance.     Direction  into  error. 

Misinformation.     Wrong  information 

Misinstruction.      Wrong  teaching. 

Misintelligence.     Misunderstanding. 

Misleading,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Mispersuasion.     A  wrong  opinion. 

Misteaching.     Wrong  instruction. 

Perversion.     A  turning  from  truth. 

Sophistry.  False  and  deceptive  reasoning.  See  Ratiocination- 
Casuistry. 

The  blind  leading  the  blind.  Ignorant  teachers  trying  to  teach  igno- 
rant pupils. 

Misteaching — Verbs. 

Ambiguas  in  vulgum  spargere  voces  [L.%  To  spread  doubtful 
reports  among  the  people.   [Virgil,  jEneid,  ii,  08.] 

Bewilder,  etc.     To  confuse.     See  Certainty-Doubt. 

Deceive,  etc.  To  mislead;  to  impose  upon.  See  Truthpulness- 
Fraud. 

Lie.     To  utter  a  wilful  falsehood. 

Miscorrect.     To  correct  wrongly. 

Misdirect.     To  direct  wrongly. 

Misguide,     To  lead  into  error. 

Misinform.     To  give  false  information. 

Misinstruct.     To  teach  wrongly. 

Mislead,  etc.     See  Truth-Error. 

Misrepresent.     To  represent  falsely. 

Misteach.     To  instruct  wrongly. 

Mystify.  To  perplex;  to  treat  obscurely.  See  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 

Pervert.     To  turn  to  a  wrong  use. 

Preach  to  the  wise.     To  preach  below  an  audience's  mental  capacity. 

Put  on  a  false  scent.     To  deceive. 

Render  unintelligible,  etc.     See  Clearness-Obscurity. 

Teach  one's  grandmother  to  suck  eggs.  To  teach  an  experienced 
person  something  he  already  knows. 

Throw  off  the  scent.     To  put  off  the  track. 

Unteach.     To  cause  to  give  up  what  has  been  taught. 

Misteaching— Adjectives. 

Misteaching,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Unedifying.     Not  improving  the  mind. 

Misteaching — Phrase. 

Piscem  natare  doces  [L.].  Teach  a  fish  to  swim.  Figurative  foe 
teaching  an  experienced  person  what  he  knows  alreadv. 


EDUCATION. 


323 


EDUCATION— LEARNING. 


E  DUCATIO  N— Continued. 


Pf  oselytism.     The  act  of  converting  to  a  religious  sect. 
Qualification.    An  acquirement  or  trait  which  fits  a  person  for  a  place. 
Religious  education.     An  education  conducted  along  the  lines  of 

religion. 
Schooling,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Secondary  education.     An  education  of  secondary  rank. 
Secular  education.  An  education  disassociated  with  religious  teaching. 
Sermon.     A  discourse  upon  a  religious  topic. 
Sophomore.    The  second  year  of  study  in  American  colleges;  a  foolish 

sophister. 

Education 


Task.     A  portion  of  study  assigned  by  a  teacher. 

Teaching,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Technical  education.     An  education  comprising  the  study  of  soma 

particular  art,  science  or  trade. 
Three  R's.     Reading,  Writing,  and  Arithmetic. 
Training.     The  process  of  teaching. 
Tuition.     The  act  of  teaching. 
Tutelage.     State  of  being  under  a  guardian. 
Tutorage.     The  office  of  a  private  teacher. 


Beat  into. 

Beat  into  the  head. 


To  teach  by  repetition. 


Rrea.  *.      f  To  make  tractable  by  teaching. 

Breed.     To  form  by  teaching. 
Bring  forward.     To  cause  to  advance;  to  adduce. 
Bring  to.     To  recall  the  forgotten. 
Bring  up.     To  educate;  to  teach  manners  to. 
Coach.     To  prepare,  as  for  an  examination,  by  private  teaching. 
Convince,  etc.     To  satisfy  by  evidence.     See  Faith. 
Cram.     To  qualify  for  examination  by  hurried  teaching  of  the  sub- 
jects thereof. 
Direct.     To  instruct;  to  teach. 
Direct  attention  to.     See  Heed. 
Discipline.     To  prepare  by  teaching. 
Disseminate.     To  sow  broadcast,  as  education. 
Drill.     To  teach  by  frequent  repetition. 

Dry-nurse.     To  teach  his  duties  to  an  officer  of  superior  rank. 
Edify.     To  teach  and  improve. 
Educate.     To  instruct;  to  teach. 

Enlarge  the  mind.     To  increase  the  capacity  of  the  mind  for  learning. 
Enlighten,  etc.     See  Enlightenment. 
Exercise.     To  teach  by  training  or  practise. 
Expound.     To  teach  by  interpretation. 

Familiarize  with.    To  make  conversant  with,  as  by  study  or  practise. 
Form.     To  model  by  teaching  and  discipline. 
Give  a  discourse,  etc.     See  Nouns. 
Give  a  lecture,  etc.     See  Nouns. 
Give  a  lesson,  etc.     See  Nouns. 
Give  a  sermon,  etc.     See  Nouns. 
Give  an  idea  of.     To  give  a  general  impression  of. 
Give  new  ideas,  etc.     See  Nouns.  • 

Graft.     To  unite  vitally,  as  new  ideas. 
Ground.     To  teach  thoroughly  the  first  principles. 
Guide.     To  instruct  and  direct. 
Habituate.     To  familiarize  by  repetition  or  use. 
Hold  forth.     To  teach  by  haranguing  or  preaching.  % 

Imbue.     To  pervade  thoroughly  with  knowledge. 
Implant.     To  infix  instruction  for  growth. 
Impregnate.     To  imbue  with  an  active  principle. 
Impress  upon  the  memory.     To  stamp  deeply  on  the  memory. 
Impress  upon  the  mind.     To  stamp  deeply  on  the  mind. 
Improve.     To  make  better  by  instruction.     See  Betterment. 
Inculcate.     To  teach  by  frequent  repetitions. 


-Verbs. 

Indoctrinate.     To  teach  in  any  doctrine. 

Infiltrate.     To  let  learning  in  slowly,  as  water  slowly  filters  through 

sand. 
Infix.     To  implant  instruction  in  the  mind. 
Infuse.     To  instil,  as  instruction. 
Ingraft.     To  set  deep  and  firm,  as  instruction. 
Initiate.     To  guide  by  instruction  in  rudiments. 
Inoculate .     To  introduce  into  the  mind. 
Instil.     To  infuse  instruction  slowly. 
Instruct.     To  teach  by  systematic  method. 
Inure.     To  habituate. 

Lecture.     To  deliver  a  discourse  for  instruction. 
Moralize.     To  furnish  with  moral  lessons. 
Nurture.     To  educate. 
Open  the  eyes.     To  make  known  to. 
Point  a  moral.     To  teach  a  moral  lesson. 
Practise.     To  teach  by  practise.     See  Nouns. 
Preach.     To  teach  by  sermon  or  other  earnest  discourse. 
Preinstruct.     To  teach  beforehand. 
Prepare.     To  make  ready. 

Prime.     To  teach  one  beforehand  what  he  is  to  do. 
Put  in  the  way  of.  1 

Put  to  nurse.  >-To  give  the  first  elements  of  learning  to. 

Put  up  to.  J 

Qualify.     To  furnish  with  the  knowledge  or  skill  for  any  particular 

place. 
Read  a  discourse. 
Read  a  lecture. 
Read  a  lesson. 
Read  a  sermon. 
Rear.     To  bring  up ;  to  train  and  educate. 
School.     To  teach,  as  in  a  school. 
Send  to  school.     To  place  under  instruction. 
Sermonize.     To  advise. 
Set  right.     To  correct;  to  put  in  order. 
Sharpen  the  wits.     To  render  the  wits  more  acute. 
Sow  the  seeds  of.     Implant  the  beginning  of. 
Take  in  hand.     To  undertake  to  execute. 
Tame.     To  reclaim  from  wildness. 
Teach,     To  give  instruction  to. 
Teach  the  young  idea  how  to  shoot.     To  teach  the  youth  to  think. 

[Thomson,  The  Seasons,  Spring,  1 149] 
Train.  To  educate;  to  rear  and  to  teach. 
Tutor.     To  instruct;  to  teach. 


To  teach  in  a  formal  way. 


Education — Adjectives. 


Academic.     Belonging  to  an  academy. 
Didactic.     Intended  to  teach. 
Disciplinal.     Pertaining  to  discipline. 
Doctrinal,     Pertaining  to  teaching,  or  to  doctrine. 
Educable.     Capable  of  being  educated. 
Educational.     Pertaining  to  education. 


Educative.     Imparting  education. 
Instructive.     Serving  to  teach. 
Scholastic.     Scholarlike 
Taught,  etc      }SeeV€TbSm 
Teaching,  etc.  ) 


Education — Phrases. 


A   bove   majori  discit  arare  minor    [LJ.     From    the  older  ox  the 

younger  learns  to  plow. 
Adeo  in  teneris  consuescere  multum  est  [L.].     So  important  is  it  to 

become  trained  at  a  tender  age.     [Virgil,  Georgicst  ii,  27a.] 
Docendo  discimus  [L.].     By  teaching  we  learn. 
Experientia  docet  stultos  [L.].     Experience  teaches  fools.    [Seneca, 

Epistles.'] 


Qhcb  nocent  docent  [L.J      Things   that   injure  teach;  we  burn  and 

learn. 
Qui  docet  discit  [L.J.     Who  teaches  learns. 
The  schoolmaster  abroad.     A  phrase  first  used  by  Lord  Brougham  to 

express  the  diffusion  of  education. 


EDUCATION— LEARNING. 


Learning. 
Acquirement.     An  attainment,  as  of  learning. 
Acquisition  of  knowledge,  etc.     See  Knowledge. 
Acquisition  of  skill,  etc.     See  Skill. 

Apprenticeship.     The  state  of  being  bound  to  a  master  for  the  sake 
of  learning  a  profession  or  trade. 


Aptitude,  etc.     Natural  fitness.     See  Skill. 

Attainment.     Mental  acquirements. 

Docility,  etc.     Readiness  to  learn.     See  Readiness. 

Edification.     Improvement  and  progress  in  learning  or  morals. 

Erudition.     Learning  particularly  in  literature. 


EDUCATION— LEARNING. 


324 


EFFETE. 


LEARNING— Continued. 


Inquiry,  etc.     Searcli  for  learning  by  interrogation.     See  Investi- 

gation-Answbr. 
Learning.     Acquired  knowledge. 

Matriculation.     Act  of  registering  in  a  society  of  learning. 
Novitiate.     Apprenticeship. 

Perusal.     A  careful  examination  for  the  purpose  of  learning. 
Prenticeship.     Apprenticeship. 

Pupilarfty  J  State  of  ^'"S  a  pupil  '•  a  learner- 

Reading.     Study  of  books. 

Scholarship.     Erudition  or  learning. 

Self -instruction.     Teaching  oneself. 

Study.     State  or  act  of  learning  by  means  of  mental  application. 

Tutelage.     State  of  being  under  a  guardian  or  instructor. 

Learning — Verbs. 

Acquaint  oneself  with.     To  familiarize  oneself  with. 

Acquire  information.  ^ 

Acquire  knowledge.      fTo  obtain  learning. 

Acquire  learning.  J    • 

Be  informed,  etc.     See  Enlightenment. 

Be  studious,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  taught,  etc.     See  Education. 

Coach  up.     To  privately  prepare  for  examination. 

Collect  information.  1 

Collect  knowledge.    fTo  learn  from  many  sources. 

Collect  learning.        J 

Con  over.     To  study  in  order  to  know. 

Consume  the  midnight  oil.     To  study  through  midnight. 

Cram.     To  prepare  hurriedly  for  examination. 

Dip  into.     To  study  cursorily. 

Drink  in  information.  l 

Drink  in  knowledge.     >To  learn  rapidly. 

Drink  in  learning.         ) 

Gain  information. 

Gain  knowledge. 

Gain  learning. 

Gather  information. 

Gather  knowledge. 

Gather  learning. 

Get  information. 

Get  knowledge. 

Get  learning. 

Glean  information. 

Glean  knowledge. 

Glean  learning. 

Get  up.     To  prepare,  as  a  lesson. 

Go  to  college.  "| 

Go  to  school.  f  To  go  to  an  institution  for  instruction. 

Go  to  the  university.) 


To  learn  from  all  sources. 


Grind.     To  instruct;  to  teach. 

Imbibe  information.     To  learn. 

Imbibe  knowledge.     To  drink  in  learning  eagerly. 

Imbibe  learning.     To  learn. 

Learn.     To  receive  instruction. 

Learn  by  heart.     To  commit  to  memory. 

Learn  by  rote.     To  learn  by  mere  effort  of  memory. 

Learn  one's  trade.     To  learn  a  particular  kind  of  work. 

Make  oneself  acquainted  with.     To  learn  well. 

Make  oneself  master  of.     To  learn  perfectly. 

Master.     To  learn  understanding! y. 

Mind  one's  book.     To  apply  oneself  to  study. 

Obtain  information.'! 

Obtain  knowledge.     J*  To  learn. 

Obtain  learning.        ) 

Peruse.     To  read  carefully. 

Pick  up  information. 1 

Pick  up  knowledge.     >To  learn. 

Pick  up  learning.        J 

Pore  over.     To  study  thoroughly. 

Read.     To  go  over  and  learn  the  meaning. 

Receive  information,  i 

Receive  knowledge.    >To  learn. 

Receive  learning.        ) 

Run  the  eye  over.     To  look  over  hastily. 

Run  the  eye  through.     To  look  through  hastily. 

Serve  an  apprenticeship.     To  be  an  apprentice. 

Serve  one's  time.     To  undergo  appremticeship. 

Spell.     To  study  by  noting  characters. 

Study.     To  apply  the  mind  to  learning. 

Take  in  information. ^ 

Take  in  knowledge.     /-To  learn. 

Take  in  learning.        J 

Thumb  over.     To  wear  out  by  frequent  handling. 

Turn  over  the  leaves.     To  look  over  hastily. 

Wade  through.     To  study  or  read  with  labor. 

Learning — Adjectives. 

Apt.     Quick  to  learn.     See  Skill. 

Docile.     Easily  taught.     See  Readiness. 

Industrious.     Zealous  in  laboring.     See  Activity. 

Scholarly.     Like  a  scholar. 

Scholastic.     Pertaining  to  education  or  schools. 

Studious.     Given  to  learning. 

Teachable.     Capable  of  learning. 

Learning — Adverbs. 

At  one's  books.     While  one  studies. 

In  statu  pupillari  [L.]      In  a  state  of  learning. 


ed"-u-ca'-tion-al.      Pertaining  to  education.      Educa- 

TION-MlSTEACHING,  SCHOOL. 

ed'-u-ca-tive .        Imparting  education.        Education- 

MlSTEACHING. 

ed'-u-ca"-tor.     A  teacher.      Education-Misteaching. 

e-duce'.  To  draw  out.  Discovery,  Injection-Ejec- 
tion. 

e'-duct.     Outcome.     Increment-Remnant. 

e-duc'-tion.     Deduction.     Increment-Remnant. 

e-dul'-co-rant.     Sweetening.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

e-dul'-co-rate.  To  sweeten.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Sweetness-Acidity. 

e-dul"-co-ra'-tor.  That  which  sweetens  or  cleanses. 
Sweetness- Acidity. 

eel.  A  certain  fish.  Circle-Winding;  wriggle  like 
an  eel,  Agitation. 

ef-face'.  To  wipe  out.  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Mark-Obliteration;  efface  from  the  memory, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

ef-fect'.  To  accomplish;  the  result.  Cause-Effect, 
Completion-Noncompletion;  carry  into  effect, 
Conduct;  good  effect,  Beauty-Ugliness;  in  effect, 
Subjectiveness  -  Objectiveness,  Truth  -  Error; 
take  effect,  Success-Failure;  to  that  effect,  Mean- 
ing-Jargon; with  crushing  effect,  Creation-De- 
struction. 


ef-rect'-ive.  Efficient.  Might-Impotence,  Success- 
Failure,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

ef-fects'.  Movable  property.  Merchandise,  Prop- 
erty. 

ef-fec'-tu-al.  Efficacious.  Agency,  Might-Impotence, 
Success-Failure,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

ef-fec'-tu-aHy.     With  effect.     Entirety-Deficiency. 

ef-fec'-tu-ate.  To  accomplish.  Completion-Non- 
completion. 

ef-fem'-i-na-cy.         Womanishness.  Bravery-Cow- 

ardice, Moderation-Selfindulgence,  Strength- 
Weakness. 

ef-fem'-i-nate.  Like  a  woman.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Male-Female,  Strength-Weakness. 

ef-fen'-di.     A  Turkish   title.     Gentility-Democracy. 

ef'-fer-ent.     Carrying  outward.     Transfer. 

ef'-fer-vesce'.  To  bubble  up.  Agitation,  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability,  Turbulence -Calmness, 
Viscidity-Foam. 

ef-fer-ves'-cence.  Excitement;  bubbling  up.  Agita- 
tion, Turbulence-Calmness,  Vigor-Inertia,  Vis- 
cidity-Foam. 

ef'-fer-ves'-cent.  Gently  bubbling.  Water-Air, 
Viscidity-Foam. 

ef-fete'.       Worn  out.       Betterment-Deterioration, 


EFFETE. 


325 


ELASTICITY. 


Cleanness-Filthiness,  Infancy-Age,  Strength- 
Weakness,  USEFULNESS-USELESSNESS. 

ef"-fi-ca'-cious.       Effective.       Agency,  Usefulness- 

USELESSNESS. 

ef'-fi-ca-cy.       Effective  energy.        Might-Impotence, 

USEFULNESS-USELESSNESS. 

ef-fi'-cien-cy.         Effectiveness.         Might-Impotence, 

USEFULNESS-USELESSNESS. 

ef-fi'-cient.  Competent.  Agency,  Might-Impotence, 
Skill-Unskilfulness,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

ef'-fi-gy.  A  figure  or  image.  Copy-Model,  Deline- 
ation-Caricature. 

ef-fla'-tioa.     An  emanation.     River-Wind. 

effleurer  [F.]  (e-flu-re').  To  graze.  Carefulness- 
Neglect,  Traveling-Navigation. 

ef'-flo-resce'.     To  become  powdery.     Chemistry. 

ef'-flo-res'-cence.     The  act  of  flowering.     Friability. 

ef'-flo-res'-ceat.     Liable  to  effloresce.     Friability. 

ef'-flu-ence.  Emanation.  Entrance-Exit,  River- 
Wind. 

ef-flu'-sion.     A  flowing  forth.     Entrance-Exit. 

ef-flu'-vi-um.  An  invisible  emanation.  Liquid-Gas, 
Odor-Inodorousness. 

ef'-flux.     An  outflow.     Entrance-Exit. 

ef-flux'-ioa.     A  flowing  forth.     Entrance-Exit. 

ef-form'.     To  shape.     Form-Formlessness. 

ef-ior-ma'-tioa.  The  act  of  giving  shape  or  form. 
Form-Formlessness. 

ef'-fort.     Strenuous  endeavor.     Toil-Relaxation. 

ef-front'-ery.  Insolent  assurance.  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness. 

ef-fulge'.     Radiate.     Light-Darkness. 

ef-ful'-gence.     Splendor.     Light-Darkness. 

ef-ful'-gent.     Bright.     Light-Darkness. 

ef-fuse  .  To  pour  forth.  Admission-Expulsion,  En- 
trance-Exit, Nutriment-Excretion,  Speech-In- 
articulateness. 

ef-fused'.     Poured  forth.     Entrance-Exit. 

ef-fu'-sioa.  A  shedding.  Admission-Expulsion, 
Nutriment  -  Excretion,  Speech  -  Inarticulate- 
ness; effusioa  of  blood,  Life-Killing. 

ef-reet'.     A  powerful  evil  genie.     Jove-Fiend. 

eft.     Aaewt.     Earliness-Lateness,  Fauna-Flora. 

eft-sooas'.         Speedily.  Antecedence-Sequence, 

Earliness-Lateness. 

e.  g.,  exempli  gratia  [L.],  (ex-em'-plai  gre'-shi-a).  For 
example.      Conventionality-Unconventionality. 

e-gad'.     By  God.     Assertion-Denial. 

igards  [F.]  (e-gar').     Regards.     Regard-Disrespect. 

egesta  [L.]  (i-jes'-ta).  Excreta.  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion. 

e-ges'-tioa.     Defecation.     Admission-Expulsion. 

egg.  The  oval  or  roundish  body  laid  by  birds,  and 
certain  other  animals.  Cause-Effect,  Continuity- 
Interruption;  egg  and  dart,  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement; egg  aad  toague,  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement; egg  oa,  Motive-Caprice;  too  maay 
eggs  ia  oae  basket,  Recklessness-Caution,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness;  walk  among  eggs,  Difficulty- 
Facility. 

egg'-saaped".  Ovoid.  Circle-Winding,  Round- 
ness. 

egg'-shell".  The  hard  covering  of  an  egg.  Cover- 
Lining. 

eg'-o.  Self.  Materiality-Spirituality,  Subjec- 
tiveness-Objectiveness;  aoa-ego,  Subjective  - 
ness-Objectiveness. 

eg'-o-hood.  Personality.  Subjectiveness-Objec- 
tiveness. 

eg'-o-ism.     Selfishness.    Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

eg'-o-tism.  Self-conceit.  Conceit-Diffidence, 

Humanitarianism-Misanthropy,  Unselfishness- 
Selfishness. 


eg'-o-tist.  One  having  self-conceit.  Humanitarian- 
ism-Misanthropy, Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

eg"-o-tis'-tic.  Characterized  by  egotism.  Conceit- 
Diffidence,  Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

eg"-o-tis'-tic-al.  Egotistic.  Conceit- Diffidence, 
Humanitarianism-Misanthropy,  Unselfishness- 
Selfishness. 

e-gre'-gious.  Extreme.  Adage-Nonsense,  Conven- 
tionality-Unconventionality,  Goodness-  Bad- 
ness, Gull-Hyperbole. 

e-gre'-gious-ly.  Extremely.  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

e'-gress.  Departure.  Entrance-Exit,  Transmis- 
sion. 

e-gur'-gi-tate.     To  vomit  out.     Entrance-Exit. 

eheu!  fugaces  labuntur  anni  [L.]  (i'-hiu!  fiu-ge'-siz 
le-bun'-tur  an'-nai).  Alas!  the  fleeting  years  slip 
away.     Lastingness-Transientness. 

ei'-der-down".  The  down  of  the  eider,  used  largely  for 
stuffing  pillows.     Cover-Lining. 

ei-dol'-o-clast.  An  idol-breaker.  Devotion-Idol- 
atry. 

eidolon  [Gr.]  (ai-do'-lon).  Image.  Conception- 
Theme. 

ei"-dou-ra'-ai-oa.  A  representation  of  the  heavens. 
Universe. 

eight.     A  cardinal  number.     Five-Quinquesection. 

eighth.     An  ordinal  numeral.     Five-Quinquesection. 

ei^ht'-oar".     A  vessel.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

eight'-y.     A  cardinal  number.     Five-Quinquesection. 

eile  mit  weile  [G.]  (ai'-le  mit  vai'-le).  Make  haste 
slowly.     Hurry-Leisure. 

ei"-le-ton'.  A  cloth  on  which  the  eucharistic  elements 
are  laid  to  be  consecrated.     Ceremonial. 

ei"-se-ge'-sis.  A  mode  of  interpretation  in  which  the 
commentator  introduces  his  own  thoughts  as  those  of 
the  author.     Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 

ei'-ther.  One  or  the  other  of  two.  Choice-Neutral- 
ity; happy  with  either,  Determination-Vacilla- 
tion. 

e-jac'-u-late.  To  utter  suddenly;  to  eject.  Push- 
Pull,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

e-jac"-u-la'-tion.  Emission;  exclamation.  Push- 
Pull,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

e-jac'-u-la-to-ry.  Exclamatory.  Vocalization- 

Muteness. 

e-ject'.     To  expel.     Admission-Expulsion. 

e-jec'-ta.     Matter  cast  out.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

e-jec'-tioa.  Expulsion.  Admission-Expulsion,  In- 
jection-Ejection, Push-Pull. 

e-ject'-meat.     A  casting  out.     Admission-Expulsion. 

eke.  To  add  to.  Addition-Subtraction;  to  eke  out, 
Entirety  -  Deficiency,  Lastingness  -  Transient- 
ness. 

El.     God,  the  Almighty.     Divinity. 

e-lab'-or-ate.  To  work  up;  carefully  wrought  out. 
Betterment  -  Deterioration,  Completion  -  Non- 
completion,  Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Toil- 
Relaxation. 

e-lab"-o-ra'-tioa.  State  or  quality  of  being  elaborate. 
Betterment  -  Deterioration,  Completion  -  Non- 
completion,  Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

el-a'-ia.     Olein.     Pulpiness-Rosin. 

flan  [F.]  (e-knv').     Ardor.     Impetus-Reaction. 

e-lapse'.  To  pass  away.  Duration-Neverness, 
Period-Progress. 

e-lapsed'.     Passed  away.     Future-Past. 

e-laps'-ing.     Passing  away.     Period-Progress. 

e-las'-tic.  Springy.  Elasticity-Inelasticity;  elastic 
fluid,  Liquid-Gas. 

el"-as-tic'-i-ty.  Springiness.  Elasticity-Inelastic- 
ity, Impetus -Reaction,  Micht- Impotence, 
Strength-Weakness.  Vigor-Inertia. 


ELASTICITY. 


326 


ELECTRICITY. 


ELASTICITY— INELASTICITY. 


Buoyancy.     The  tendency  to  rise  to  the  surface  of  a  liquid. 
Elasticity. 

Resilience*      ■  Tendency   to    recover    the    former    condition    when 
cor:n„  forced  out  of  it  by  pressure,  twisting,  etc. 

Springiness.  , 

Elasticity — Denotations. 
Caoutchouc.      India-rubber 
Gum  elastic.      India-rubber. 
India-rubber.     A  soft,  very  elastic  substance,  derived  from  the  milky 

sap  of  various  tropical  plants. 
Whalebone.     A  horny  substance  developed  in  the  form  of  flattened 

horny  plates  from  the  palate  of  the  whalebone  whales. 

E  LAST  I  c  IT  Y — Verbs . 
Be  elastic,  etc.     To  have  the  quality  of  elasticity.     See  Adjectives. 
Spring  back.     To  return  to  former  condition  because  of  elasticity. 

e-late'.      To   puff   up;    exultant.      Bragging,    Light- 
he  artedness-Dejection. 
e-la'-ted.     Exultant;  puffed  up.     Bragging,  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation, Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

e-la'-tion.     Exaltation.     Conceit-Diffidence. 

el'-bow.  A  joint  of  the  arm;  an  angle.  Anatomy, 
Angularity,  Convexity-Concavity,  Impetus-Re- 
action, Plicature;  at  one's  elbow,  Advice,  Re- 
moteness-Nearness; elbow  one's  way,  Activity- 
Indolence,  Advance-Retrogression,  Quest-Eva- 
sion; out  at  elbows,  Affluence-Penury,  Dress- 
Undress,  Reputation-Discredit. 

el'-bow-chair".     An  armchair.     Suspension-Support. 

el'-bow-grease" .  Exertion  of  the  arms.  Friction- 
Lubrication. 

el'-bow-room".  Scope  for  activity.  Extension-In- 
extension,  Liberty-Subjection. 

el'-der.  Senior;  a  church  officer.  Infancy-Age, 
Infant- Veteran,  Ministry-Laity,  Novelty-An- 
tiquity. 

eld'-er-ly.     Somewhat  old.     Infancy-Age. 

eld'-er-ship.     Seniority.     Novelty-Antiquity. 

eld'-est.     Oldest.     Novelty- Antiquity. 

El  Do-ra'-do.  Any  region  rich  in  gold.  Affluence- 
Penury. 

e-lect'.  To  choose;  chosen.  Choice-Neutrality, 
Divinity,  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Volition-Obligation. 

e-lect'-ed.    Chosen.     Godliness-Ungodliness. 

e-lec'-tion.  The  act  of  selecting.  Choice-Neutrality, 
Number,  Volition-Obligation. 

e-lec"-tion-eer'-ing.  Canvassing  for  votes.  Choice- 
Neutrality. 

e-lec'-tor.    One  who  elects.    Chief-Underling. 

e-lec'-tor-ate .  The  rank  or  territory  of  an  elector. 
Rule-License. 

e-lec'-tric.  Relating  to  electricity;  easily  excited. 
Electricity,  Emotion,  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility,  Swiftness-Slowness;  electric  bell,  Elec- 
tricity; electric  light,  Electricity;  electric  motor, 
Electricity;  electric  railway,  Electricity;  electric 
telegraph,  Electricity. 

e-lec"-tric'-i-ty.  A  force  or  power  in  nature  exhibiting 
itself  in  light,  heat,  etc.  Electricity,  Might- 
Impotence,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

ELECTRICITY. 

Electricity.  A  non -material  form  of  energy  in  nature  exhibiting 
itself  in  lightning,  in  attraction  or  repulsion  of  certain  substances, 
in  the  production  of  heat,  light,  concussion,  chemical  changes,  etc. 

Electricity — Associated  Words. 
Ampere.      Unit  of  strength  of  electric  current.     [French  scientist] 
Anion.      The  portion  of  an  electrically  decomposed  compound  de- 
posited at  the  anode. 
Anode.     The  positive  pole  of  a  battery. 


Absence  of  elasticity.     See  Elasticity. 

Inelasticity,  etc.     Want  of  elasticity.     See  Hardness-Softnb**; 

Want  of  elasticity.     See  Elasticity. 

Inelasticity — Adjectives. 
Inelastic,  etc.     Not  elastic.     See  Hardness-Softness. 


ELASTICITY— Continued. 
Elasticity — Adjectives. 
Buoyant.     Not  sinking  in  a  liquid. 
Elastic. 

Renitent.   !   Having  the  quality  of  returning  to  the  former  condition 
Resilient.  [       when  forced  from  it. 
Springy.     J 
Tensile.     Able  to  be  drawn  out. 

ELECTRICITY— Associated  Words— Continued. 

Arc  lights.     Electric   light  in  which  the  current  gives  light  while 

passing  ever  a  small  break  in  the  circuit. 
Armature .     Coil  of  conducting  wire  rotated  near  the  m  agnet  of  a  dyna- 
mo; piece  of  soft  iron  connecting  the  poles  of  a  horseshoe  magnet. 
Battery.     A  number  of  electric  cells,  dynamos,  etc.,  coupled  so  as  to 

give  a  single  current. 
Cathode.     The  negative  pole  of  a  battery. 
Cell.     One  element  of  a  voltaic  battery. 

Charge.     Quantity  of  electricity  produced  or  used  in  something. 
Chronograph.     Electrical  instrument  for  measuring  time. 
Circuit.     Course  passed  through  by  an  electric  current. 
Conductor.     Medium  for  conveying  electricity. 
Current.     Flow  of  electricity. 
Dielectric.     Substance  transmitting  electricity  by  induction  rather 

than  by  conduction . 
Discharge.     The  flow  of  electricity  from  one  pole  to  another  when 

connected  by  a  conductor. 
Dynamo.     Machine  for  producing  an  electric  current. 
Electric  bell.     Bell  rung  by  an  electrical  appliance. 
Electric  light.     Light  produced  by  an  electric  current. 
Electric  motor.     Motor  run  by  electricity 
Electric  railway.     Railway  on  which  electricity  is  used  as  the  motive 

force . 
Electric  telegraph.     Apparatus  for  transmitting  messages,  run  by 

electricity, 
Electricution.     Execution  by  means  of  electricity. 
Electrification.     Process  of  electrifying. 

Electrobiology.     Science  of  electric  currents  in  living  organisms. 
Electrocution.     See  Electricution. 
Electrode.     A  pole  of  a  cell  or  battery. 
Electrodynamics.     Study  of  induction  of  electric  currents. 
Electrokinetics.     Study  of  motion  of  electricity  and  the  forces  pro- 
ducing it. 
Electrolysis.     Decomposition  of  a  compound  by  passing  through  it 

an  electric  current. 
Electroplating.     Process  of  plating  by  use  of  an  electric  current. 
Electroscope.     Instrument  for  detecting  the  presence  of  electricity. 
Electrostatics.     Science  treating  of  electrity  at  rest. 
Electrotype.     Printing  plate  covered  with  a  hard  metal  by  electro- 
plating. 
Galvanic  cell.     See  Cell. 

Galvanometer.     Instrument  used  in  measuring  strength  of  an  elec- 
tric current. 
Generator.     Machine  used  in  generating  electricity. 
Helix.     Wire  wound  around  in  the  form  of  a  cylinder. 
Hoop.     An  electric  conductor  in  the  shape  of  a  hoop. 
Hysteresis.     Friction  of  molecules  caused  by  magnetic  changes. 
Incandescent  light.     Light  formed  by  a  current  passing  through  a 

fine  filament  in  an  air-tight  chamber 
Inductor.     Any  part  of  an  electrical  apparatus  which  induces  a  cur- 
rent in  another  part. 
Insulator.  Substance  through  which  electricity  does  not  readily  pass. 
Kathode .     Negati  ve  pole  of  a  cell . 
Kinetoscope.     A  device  by  which  the  motion  of  a  figure  is  produced 

on  a  picture. 
Lodestone.     Magnetic  iron  ore. 

Long  distance  telephone.     Telephone  operating  for  many  miles. 
Magnetic  flux.     The  flow  of  electricity. 

Magnetic  whirls.     Lines  of  force  around  an  electrical  conductor. 
Magnetism.     The  property  shown  in  some  substance  of  attraction 

and  repulsion  of  others,  etc. 
Magnetization.     State  of  being  magnetized. 


ELECTRICi  PY. 


327 


ELEVATION— DEPRESSION. 


ELECTRICITY— Associated  Words— Continued. 

Motor      That  which  communicates  motion. 
Ohm.     The  unit  measure  of  electrical  resistance. 
Ohm's  law.     Law  of  electrification  discovered  by  Ohm. 
Polarization.     Inactivity  of  a  cell  caused  by  gas  collecting  on  the 

negative  plate. 
Pole.      Point  of  greatest  magnetic  or  electric  force. 
Radiograph.       An  instrument  for  photographing   objects   through 

opaque  substances ;  the  X  ray. 
Rheotome.     Contrivance  for  rapidly  making  and  breaking  a  circuit 
Solenoid.     Helix  with  one  of  the  wires  extending  back  lengthwise 

through  the  inside. 
Tasi  meter.     Instrument  for  measuring  changes  in  electromotive  force. 
Trolley.     Grooved  wheel  forming  the  connection  between  a  car  and 

the  wire  carrying  the  current. 
Volt.     The  unit  of  electric  force. 
Voltaic  pile.     Kind  of  cell  invented  by  Volta. 
Volt -ampere.     Rate  of  working  in  a  circuit  of  one  ampere  having  one 

volt  potential. 
Volt-columb.      The  energy  necessary  to  raise  the  potential  of  one 

columb  one  volt. 
Volt-meter.   Instrument  for  measuring  the  electromotive  force  in  volts 
Watt.     See  Volt-amperb. 
Wireless  telegraphy.     Sending  of  messages  without  the  use  of  wire 

conductors 

Electricity — Verbs. 

Break  the  circuit.     To  disconnect  a  conductor. 

Make  the  circuit.     To  make  connections  in  a  conductor. 

e-lec"-tri-cu'-tion.  Electric  execution  of  criminals. 
Electricity. 

e-lec"-tri-fi-ca'-tion.  Process  of  electrifying.  Elec- 
tricity. 

e-lec'-tri-fy.  To  thrill,  as  with  electricity.  Astonish- 
ment-Expectance, Excitation,  Expectation-Sur- 
prise. 

e-lec"-tro-bi-ol'-o-gy.  Mesmerism.  Electricity,  De- 
votion-Magic. 

e-lec"-tro-chem'-is-try.  Science  of  chemical  action 
induced  by  electricity.     Electricity. 

e-lec"-tro-cu'-tion.     Electricution.     Electricity. 

e-lec'-trode.     Pole  of  a  dynamo,  etc.     Electricity. 

e-lec"-trc-dy-nam'-ics.  Science  of  electric  currents. 
Electricity. 

e-lec"-trc-ki-net'-ics.  Science  of  electricity  in  motion. 
Electricity. 

e-lec"-trol'-y-sis.  Decomposition  by  electricity.  Elec- 
tricity. 

e-lec'-tro-lyze.  To  decompose  by  electricity.  Chem- 
istry, Composition-Resolution. 

e-lec"-tro-mag'-net-ism.  Magnetism  developed  by 
electricity.     Might-Impotence. 

e-lec"-tro-pla'-ting.      Plating   by    electricity.      Elec- 


e-lec'-tro-scope.  Instrument  for  detecting  electricity. 
Electricity. 

e-lec'-tro-type.  A  metallic  copy  made  by  electrodeposi- 
tion.    Chemistry,  Electricity,  Writing-Printing. 

e-lec'-tu-a-ry.     A  confection.     Remedy-Bane. 

el"-e-e-mos'-y-na-ry.    Charitable.    Giving-Receiving. 

el'-e-gance.  Gracefulness.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Pur- 
ity-Crudeness,  Rhetoric,  Simplicity-Floridness, 
Taste-Vulgarity. 

el'-e-gant.  Marked  by  grace;  exhibiting  refined  taste. 
Beauty-Ugliness,  Purity-Crudeness,  Taste-Vul- 
garity. 

elegantiarum,  arbiter  [L.]  (el"-e-gan-shi-e'-rum,  tvr'-bi- 
ter).  An  umpire  in  matters  of  taste.  Society- 
Ludicrousness,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

el'-e-gant-ly.     In  good  taste.     Taste-Vulgarity. 

el-e'-gi-ac.  Pertaining  to  elegies.  Jubilation-Lamen- 
tation, Life-Funeral,  Poetry-Prose. 

el-e'-gi-acs.     Elegies.     Poetry-Prose. 

el'-e-gy.  Plaintive  poetry.  Jubilation-Lamentation, 
Life-Funeral,  Poetry-Prose. 

el'-e-ment.  A  component  part.  Cause-Effect,  Con- 
stituent-Alien, Materiality-Spirituality;  de- 
vouring element,  Heat-Cold;  in  one's  element,  Con- 
tentedness-Discontentment,  Difficulty-Facil- 
ity; out  of  its  element,  Establishment-Removal, 
Harmony-Discord. 

el"-e-men'-ta-ry.  Incomplete  state  of  development. 
Mixture-Homogeneity;  elementary  education,  Ed- 

UCATION-MlSTE  ACHING. 

el'-e-ments.  The  bread  and  wine  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 
Beginning-End,  Ceremonial. 

e-lench'.    A  refutation.    Ratiocination-Instinct. 

elenchus  [L.]  (e-len'-cus).  A  refutation.  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct. 

el'-e-phant.  A  large  animal.  Conveyer,  Greatness- 
Littleness;  white  elephant,  Remedy-Bane. 

elephantus  non  capit  murem  [L.]  (el-e-fan'-tus  non 
ke'-pit  miu'-rem).  Elephants  do  not  catch  mice. 
Consequence-Insignificance. 

el'-e-vate.  To  raise  up.  Elevation-Depression, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

el'-e-va"-ted.  Raised  up;  selfish;  slightly  intoxicated. 
Elevation-Depression,  Force-Weakness,  Height- 
Lowness,  Teetotalism-Intemperance,  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness. 

el"-e-va'-tion.  The  act  of  raising  up.  Delineation- 
Caricature,  Elevation-Depression,  Erectness- 
Flatness,  Force-Weakness,  Height-Lowness, 
Unselfishness-Selfishness;  angular  elevation,  An- 
gularity; elevation  of  style,  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Reputation-Discredit. 


ELEVATION— DEPRESSION. 


Elevation.     The  act  of  raising  up. 

Elevator.     Machine  for  raising  weights. 

Erection.     The  act  of  standing  up  straight. 

Exaltation.     The  raising  to  a  superior  condition. 

Lift.     The  act  of  moving  upward  by  direct  force. 

Prominence,  etc.     The  condition  of  being  noticeable. 

Raising.     The  act  of  making  higher. 

Sublevation.     Elev  tion. 

Sublimation.     Changing  to  a  vapor  by  heating. 

Upheaval.     The  process  of  heaving  up. 

Elevation — Nouns  of  Agency. 
Capstan.     An  apparatus  for  hoisting  anchors  or  other  weights. 
Crane.     A  hoisting-machine  having  the  capacity  of  moving  a  load  in 

a  horizontal  or  longitudinal  direction. 
Derrick.     An  apparatus  for  hoisting  and  swinging  great  weights. 
Heaver.     One  who  or  that  which  heaves  or  lifts. 
Lever.     A  mechanical  device  consisting  of  a  rigid  structure  turning 

freely  on  a  fixed  point  or  fulcrum,  and  serving  to  impart  pressure 

or  motion  from  a  source  of  power 
Winch.     A  windlass  used  for  hoisting. 
Windlasi.     A  horizontal  drum  for  hoisting  by  winding. 


Abasement.     Humiliation. 

Depression.     The  state  of  being  put  or  held  down. 

Detrusion.     The  state  of  being  thrust  down. 

Dip,  etc.     Inclination  downward.     See  Concavity 

Lowering.     Becoming  lower. 

Overset.     To  throw  down. 

Overthrow.     To  overturn :  destroy. 

Precipitation.     The  act  of  throwing  headforemost  downward. 

Prostration.     The  state  of  lying  flat. 

Reduction.     The  state  of  being  brought  lower,  or  ruined. 

Subversion.     Overturning;  utter  destruction. 

TJpset.     State  or  act  of  being  upset. 

Depression — Denotations. 

Bow.     A  salutation  by  an  inclination  of  the  body  or  head  forward 

and  downward. 
Courtesy.     A  gesture  of  respect  made  by  bending  the  knees  so  as  to 

drop  the  body  slowly  a  short  distance  and  raise  it  again. 
Curtsy.     See  Courtesy. 
Genuflexion.     A  bending  of  the  knees,  especially  in  worshio 


ELEVATION. 


328 


ELOCATION. 


ELEVATION—  DEPRESSION— Continued. 


Elevation — Verbs. 


Buoy.     To  keep  from  sinking  in  a  liquid. 

Dredge.     To  dig  up  from  the  bottom  of  a  stream. 

Elevate.     To  bring  from  a  lower  to  a  higher  level. 

Erect.     To  raise  perpendicularly  on  a  base. 

Exalt.     To  elevate  in  dignity. 

Give  a  lift.     To  raise. 

Heave.     To  impel  a  heavy  body  upward. 

Heighten.     To  make  higher. 

Hoist.     To  raise  a  heavy  body  with  mechanical  means  or  by  great 

effort. 
Lift.     To  bring  up  higher  by  direct  exertion. 
Mount.     To  ascend  by  climbing. 
Place  on  a  pedestal.     To  elevate. 
Raise.     To  make  the  base  higher. 
Rear.     To  erect. 
Set  on  a  pedestal.     To  raise  up. 

Sublimate.     To  make  a  vapor  of  by  raising  the  temperature. 
Upbear.     To  bear  up. 
Upcast.     To  cast  up. 
Upheave.     To  heave  up. 
Uphoist.     To  hoist  up 
Uplift.     To  lift  up. 
Upraise.     To  raise  up. 
Uprear.     To  rear  up. 
Weigh.     To  lift,  as  an  anchor. 

Elevation — Verbal  Expressions. 

Drag  up;  draw  oneself  to  his  full  height;  fish  up;  get  up;  hold  one- 
self up;  hold  one's  head  up;  jump  up;  perch  up;  perk  up;  rise  up; 
Bet  up*  spring  to  one's  feet;  stand  up;  stick  up;  take  up;  tilt  up. 

Elevation — Adjectives. 

Attolent.     Lifting. 

Elevated,  etc.     Raised  from  a  lower  to  a  higher  level.     See  Verbs. 

Rampant.     Leaping. 

Stilted .     Bombastic . 

Elevation — Adverbs,  etc 

On  one's  bind  legs.     To  one's  full  height. 
On  one's  legs.     Standing  up. 

Sn!?ltS;     i,         ,}  Raised  up. 
On  the  shoulders  of.  t  r 


DEPRESSION— Continued  from  Column  a. 

Depression — Phrase. 

Facinus  quos  inquinat  cequat   [L.].      Crime  reduces  those  whom  it 
stains  to  one  level. 


DEPRESSION— Denotations— Continued. 

Kowtow.     A  Chinese  form  of  obeisance  in  which  an  inferior  kneels 

and  touches  the  ground  with  his  forehead. 
Obeisance.    An  act  of  courtesy  or  reverence  made  by  an  inclination  of 

the  body  or  the  bending  of  the  knee. 

Depression — Verbs. 

Abase.     To  humiliate. 

Bend.     To  crook. 

Bob.     To  move  up  and  down  in  a  quick,  restless  manner 

Bow .     To  nod  the  head . 

Cast.     To  throw  down. 

Courtesy.     Bow. 

Cower.     To  crouch  down  as  if  in  fear. 

Crouch.     To  cringe  in  fear. 

Curtsy.     Bow. 

Debase.     To  lower  in  value,  character. 

Depress.     To  hold  down . 

Detrude.     To  thrust  down  forcibly. 

Dip.     To  sink  or  let  down  for  an  instant. 

Duck.     To  plunge  under  water  for  an  instant. 

Fell.     To  cause  to  fall. 

Kneel.     To  rest  on  the  knees. 

Level.     To  make  parallel  to  horizon. 

Lower.     To  cause  to  take  a  lower  position. 

Overset.       "j 

Overthrow.  >■  To  destroy. 

Overturn.    ) 

Pitch.     To  plunge  downward. 

Precipitate.     To  hurl  headfirst  from  a  height. 

Prostrate.     To  knock  down. 

Raze.     To  tear  down. 

Recline,  etc.     To  lean.     See  Erectness-Flatnbss. 

Reduce.     To  bring  from  a  higher  to  a  lower  position. 

Sink.     To  go  down  through  a  lighter  medium. 

Squat.     To  rest  on  the  haunches. 

Stoop.     To  bend  the  body  down. 

Subvert.     To  turn  upside  down. 

Upset.     To  overturn. 

Depression — Verbal  Expressions. 

Bend  the  head,  bend  the  knee,  bow  down,  bow  the  head,  bow  the  knee, 
submit;  bring  low;  cast  down;  cutdown;  dash  down;  fling  down; 
hew  down;  knock  down;  let  down;  let  down  a  peg,  let  down  a 
little;  letdrop;  let  fall;  pull  about  one's  ears,  to  annoy;  pulldown; 
raze  to  the  ground;  sit  down;  take  down;  take  down  a  peg,  to 
humiliate  somewhat;  throw  down;  trample  in  the  dust,  to  treat 
with  the  greatest  insult. 

[Depression — Adjectives. 
At  a  low  ebb.     In  the  lowest  or  weakest  condition. 
Depressed.     Held  down.     See  sub  Verbs. 
Prostrate,  etc.     Stretched  out;  helpless.     See  Erectness-Flatness. 

{Continued  on  Column  i .) 


4lkve\¥.\  (£-lev').     A  pupil.     Instructor-Pupil. 

e-lev'-en.    A  cardinal  number.    Five-Quin$uesection. 

e-lev'-enth.  An  ordinal  numeral.  Five-Quinque- 
section;  eleventh  hour,  Earliness-Lateness, 
Morning-Evening,  Opportuneness-Unsuitable- 
ness. 

elf.  A  sprite.  Greatness-Littleness,  Infant- 
Veteran,  Jove-Fiend,  Male-Female. 

elf'-in.     An  elf.     Jove-Fiend. 

elf'-like".     Like  an  elf.     Jove-Fiend. 

e-lic'-it  To  draw  out  gradually.  Cause-Effect,  Dis- 
covery, Injection-Ejection,  Manifestation-La- 
tency. 

el'-i-gi-ble.     Suitable.     Propriety-Impropriety - 

e-lim'-i-nate  To  remove.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Admission-Expulsion.  Inclusion-Omission,  In-' 
jection-Ejection,  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Multi- 
plicity-Paucity. 

e-lim"-i-na'-tion.  The  act  of  eliminating.  Inclusion- 
Omission,  Injection-Ejection,  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity, Multiplicity-Paucity. 

e-li'-sion.  The  omission  of  a  part  of  a  word.  Length- 
Shortness.  Union-Disunion. 


iliie  [P.]  (e-lit').  The  choicest  part.  Gentility-Democ- 
racy, Goodness-Badness,  Reputation-Discredit, 
Society-Ludicrousness. 

e"-lix-a'-tion.  Extracting  by  steeping  or  boiling. 
Heating-Cooling. 

el-ix'-ir.     A  cordial  or  invigorator.     Remedy-Bane. 

ell.  A  measure  of  length.  Length-Shortness;  take 
an  ell,  Dueness-Undueness,  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness, Right-Wrong,  Unselfishness-Self- 
ishness. 

el-lipse'.     A  certain  plane  curve.     Circle-Winding. 

el-lip'-sis.  The  omission  of  words  obviously  under- 
stood. Length-Shortness,  Rhetoric,  Terseness- 
Prolixity. 

el-lip'-soid.  A  solid,  every  plane  section  of  which  is 
either  a  circle  or  an  ellipse.  Circle-Winding, 
Roundness. 

el-lip'-tic.     Shaped  like  an  ellipse.     Circle-Winding. 

el-lip'- tic-al.  Shaped  like  an  ellipse.  Circle-Wind- 
ing, Rhetoric,  Terseness-Prolixity. 

el"-o-ca'-tion.  Removal  from  one's  control.  Estab- 
lishment-Removal, Transfer. 


ELOCUTION. 


329 


EMBELLISHMENT— DISFIGUREMENT. 


el"-o-cu'-tion.  The  art  of  correct  speaking.  Speech- 
Inarticulateness. 

eI"-c-cu'-tion-a-ry.  Pertaining  to  elocution.  Speech- 
Inarticulateness. 

iloge  [F.]  (e-lozh').  A  biographical  and  eulogistic 
memoir.     Approval-Disapproval. 

e-lon'-gate.     To  make  longer.     Length-Shortness. 

e-lon"-ga'-tion.  Extension.  Astronomy,  Remote- 
ness-Nearness. 

e-lope'.     To  run  away.     Quest-Evasion. 

e-lope'-ment.     A  running  off.     Escape. 

el'-c-quence.  Lofty,  impassioned,  and  fluent  utter- 
ance. Force-Weakness,  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness. 

el'-o-quent.  Having  remarkable  power  in  public  speak- 
ing. Force -Weakness,  Speech -Inarticulate- 
ness. 

else.     Besides;  otherwise.     Addition-Subtraction. 

else'-where".     Somewhere  else.     Presence-Absence. 

e-lu'-ci-date.  To  make  plain.  Clearness-Obscurity, 
Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 

e-lude'.  To  escape  from.  Escape,  Observance-Non- 
observance,  Quest-Evasion,  Ratiocination- 
Casuistry,  Success-Failure. 

e-lu'-sion.     The  act  of  eluding.     Quest-Evasion. 

e-lu'-sive.  Hard  to  grasp  or  keep.  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

e-lu'-so-ry.     Intangible.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

e-lu'-tri-ate.  To  purify  by  washing.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness. 

e-lu'-vi-um.     Wind-drift.     River-Wind. 

E-lys'-ian.  Blissful.  Heaven-Hell,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness;  Elysian  fields,  Heaven-Hell. 

E-lys'-i-um.  The  Greek  paradise.  Heaven-Hell, 
Pleasure-Pain. 

el'-y-tron.  One  of  the  thickened  forewings  of  beetles, 
etc.     Cover-Lining. 

El'-ze-vir.  Relating  to  the  Elzevirs,  publishers  of 
Amsterdam  and  Leyden.  Elzevir  edition,  Great- 
ness-Littleness. 

e-ma'-ci-a"-ted.     Thin.     Breadth-Narrowness. 

e-ma"-ci-a'-tion.  Excessive  leanness.  Breadth-Nar- 
rowness, Enlargement-Diminution. 

em'-a-nant.     Issuing  from  a  source.     Entrancb-Exit. 

em'-a-nate.  To  originate.  Entrance-Exit,  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion; emanate  from,  Cause-Effect, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

em"-a-na'-tion.  Effluence.  Entrance-Exit,  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion, Odor-Inodorousness. 

em'-a-na"-tlst.  One  who  maintains  that  all  things  are 
produced  by  an  evolution  from  the  Divine  Being. 
Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

e-man'-ci-pate.  To  liberate.  Difficulty-Facility, 
Release-Restraint. 


e-man"-ci-pa'-tion.  The  act  of  setting  free.  Liberty- 
Subjection,  Release-Restraint. 

e-mas'-cu-late.  To  weaken.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Might-Impotence.    . 

e-mas"-cu-la'-tion.  Removal  of  strength.  Might- 
Impotence. 

em-balm'.  To  keep  from  decay.  Conservation, 
Life-Funeral,  Perfume-Stench;  embalm  in  the 
memory,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

em-bank'-ment.  Any  artificial  bank.  Attack-De- 
fense, Dweller-Habitation,  Refuge-Pitfall. 

em"-bar-ca'-tion.  Act  of  embarking.  Arrival-De- 
parture, Beginning-End. 

em-bar'-go.  To  prohibit;  an  authoritative  stoppage 
of  foreign  commerce.  Leave-Prohibition,  Move- 
ment-Rest. 

em-bark'.  To  venture.  Arrival-Departure,  Trans- 
fer; embark  in,  Beginning-End,  Enterprisb. 

embarquer  sans  biscuits,  s'  [F.]  (scur-bar-ke'  san-  bis- 
cwi').  To  begin  without  sufficient  preparation. 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

embarras  de  choix  [F.]  (an"-bar-ra'  de  shwa).  The  dif- 
ficulty of  choosing.     Choice-Neutrality. 

embarras  de  richesses  [F.]  (an'-bar-ra'  de  ri-shes'). 
The  plague  of  riches.  Affluence-Penury,  Excess- 
Lack. 

em-bar'-rass.  To  disconcert.  Certainty-Doubt, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Obstruction-Help,  Pro- 
priety-Impropriety. 

em-bar'-rassed.  Involved  in  difficulties.  Affluence- 
Penury,  Credit-Debt. 

em-bar'-rasB-ing.      Confusing.      Difficulty-Facility. 

em-bar'-rass-ment.  Difficulty.  Certainty-Doubt, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Obstruction-Help. 

em-base'.  To  vitiate.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion. 

em-bas'-sa-dor.     A  state  agent.     Consignee. 

em'-bas-sy.  The  person,  mission,  or  office  of  an  am- 
bassador. Commission-Abrogation,  Consignee, 
Tidings-Mystery. 

em-bat'-tled.  Ready  for  battle;  crenulated.  Asso- 
ciation, Fighting-Conciliation,  Organization- 
Disorganization. 

em-bay'.     Enclose.     Keeping-Relinquishment. 

em-bed'.  To  lay,  as  in  a  bed.  Establishment-Re- 
moval, Injection-Ejection,  Outside-Inside,  Sus- 
pension-Support. 

em-bed'-ded.  Sunk  or  laid.  Confinement,  Estab- 
lishment-Removal. 

em-bel'-lish.  To  decorate.  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement. 

em-bel'-lish-ment.  Decoration.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement. 


EMBELLISHMENT— DISFIGUREMENT. 


Adornment.     That  which  beautifies  or  adorns. 

Decoration.     A  state  of  being  decked  or  ornamented  in  order  to 

beautify. 
Excess  of  ornament,  etc.     See  Taste-Vulgarity. 
Embellishment.     Artificial,  showy  decoration. 
Ornament.     Anything   added  to  a   thing  to  increase  its  beauty  or 

elegance. 
Ornamental  art.     The  art  of  ornamenting  or  decorating. 
Ornamentation.     The  state  of  being  adorned  or  made  beautiful. 
Ornateness.     The  state  of  being  highly  and  artistically  finished. 
Ornature.     Decoration ;    embellishment. 
Richness.     State  of  being  luxuriant. 

Embellishment — Denotations. 

Acanthus.      A  decoration  in  the  shape  of  the  acanthus  leaf. 

Agate.     A  variety  of  quartz,  presenting  various  tints  in  the  same 

specimen . 
Aigrette  [F.].     A  plume. 

Aigulet.     A  tag  of  lace  formerly  uced  in  dress 
Amethyst.     A  violet  blue  gem. 


Blemish.  A  defacing  mark. 
Blot.  A  stain  or  a  blemish. 
Blur.     A  blemish. 

Defect,  etc.     Want  of  something  necessary  ror  completeness,  etc. 
See  Faultlessness-Faultiness. 

D.  fi  ♦  f  Anything  that  destroys  beauty,  grace,  or  propriety 

Flaw.     A  natural  defect. 

Spot.     A  stain  or  blemish. 

Spottiness.     The  state  of  being  full  of  spots. 

Stain.     A  defective  mark,  tarnish. 

Tarnish.     Soil 

Disfigurement — Denotations. 

Birthmark.     Some  peculiar  mark  or  blemish  on  the  body  at  birth. 

Blain.     A  blister. 

Blotch.     A  spot  or  daub. 

Dirt,  etc.     See  Cleanness-Filthiness. 

Excrescence.     An  unnatural  growth,  as  a  wart  or  tumor. 

Eyesore.     Something  off ensive  to  the  eye  or  sight. 


EMBELLISHMENT. 


330 


EMBELLISHMENT. 


EMBELLISHMENT— DISFIGUREMENT— Continued. 


EMBELLISHMENT— Denotations— Continued. 

Anklet.     A  ring  for  the  ankle. 

Anthemion.     A  floral  ornament. 

Arabesque      A  fanciful  ornament  of  plant  and  animal  forms. 

Architecture.     The  science  or  art  of  constructing  or  building. 

Arras.     A  figured  ornamental  tapestry. 

Astragal.     A  small  convex  molding. 

Balais  [F.].     A  rose-colored  ruby. 

Beau-catcher.     A  curl  worn  by  women  over  the  temple. 

Beryl.     A  bluish  yellowish  variety  of  green  emerald. 

Bijou  [F.J.     Anything  small  and  of  elegant  workmanship. 

Bijouterie.     Jewels. 

Bijoutry.     Small  articles,  as  jewelry,  trinkets,  etc. 

Border.     A  strip  arranged  along  the  edge  as  an  ornament  or  finish. 

Bouquet.     A  bunch  of  flowers. 

Bow.     An  ornamental  knot  formed  by  doubling  a  ribbon. 

Bracelet.     An  ornamental  ring  or  band  for  the  wrist  or  arm. 

Brilliant.     A  fine  diamond. 

Brocade.     A  fabric  woven  with  raised  figures. 

Brocatelle  [F.].     A  figured  fabric. 

Broidery.     Ornamental  needlework. 

Brooch.     An  ornament,  in  various  forms,  with  a  pin  or  loop  for 

attaching  it  to  a  garment. 
Calcedony.     A  colored,  waxy  quartz. 
Carbuncle.     A  gem  of  a  brilliant  deep  red  color. 
Carcanet.     A  jeweled  necklace  of  gold. 
Cartouche.     An  inscribed  ornamental  scroll. 

Chain.     A  series  of  links  or  rings,  usually  of  metal,  used  for  ornament. 
Chaplet.     A  garland  worn  on  the  head. 
Chatelaine.     An  ornament  hanging  from  a  woman's  belt. 
Chrysolite.     A  mineral  of  a  yellow  or  green  color. 
Clinquant  [F.].     Tinsel. 

Coquillage  [F.].     Ornamentation  in  imitation  of  shells. 
Coral.     The  hard  parts  of  the  skeleton  of  various  small  sea  animals, 

used  for  ornamentation. 
Cosmetics      A  compound  applied  to  the  skin  to  beautify  it. 
Cul-de-lampe  [F.j.     Ornamental  design  to  fill  out  a  page. 
Detail.     A  minor  ornamental  part. 
Diamond.     The  most  precious  of  gems 
Diaper.     A  fine  silk  or  linen  cloth  with  interwoven  figures. 
Drapd'or  [F.].  Cloth  of  gold. 
Earring.     An  ornament  consisting  of  a  ring  passed  through  the  lobe 

of  the  ear. 
Edging      That  which  forms  an  edge  or  border. 
Embroidery.     Needlework  used  to  enrich  textile  fabrics. 
Emerald.     A  precious  stone  of  a  deep  green  color. 
Enamel.     A  glassy  hard  coating  used  for  ornamental  purposes. 
Epaulet.    \  A  shoulder  ornament  or   badge  worn  by  military  and 
Epaulette,  f      naval  officers. 

Ermine.     A  white  fur  used  to  ornament  certain  robes  of  office. 
Feather.     A  dermal  appendage  of  birds,  much  used  for  ornament 
Festoon.     A  garland  of  decorative  material. 
Fillet.     A  narrow  band  to  encircle  the  head. 
Finery.     Ornament  or  decoration. 
Fleur-de-lis  [F.].     A  conventional  flower  suggested  by  the  iris,  and 

having  a  form  which  fits  it  for  the  terminal  decoration  of  a  scepter, 

the  ornaments  of  a  crown,  etc. 
Fleuron  [F.].     A  rose-like  ornament  surrounded  by  leaves. 
Flourish.     A  decorative  mark. 
Flower.     The  bloom  or  blossom  of  a  plant. 
French  polish.     A  varnish  for  woodwork. 
Fret.     An  ornamental  relief  work. 

Fringe.     An  ornamental  appendage  to  a  piece  of  stuff. 
Frippery.     Cheap  and  tawdry  decoration. 
Frog.     An  ornamental  button  with  a  loop  to  fasten  a  cloak. 
Ga'loon.     A  dress  trimming. 

Garland.     A  wreath  made  of  branches,  flowers,  or  feathers. 
Garnet.     A  variously  colored  precious  stone. 
Garnish.     Something  added  for  embellishment. 
Gaud.     Vulgar  finery. 
Geegaw.     A  useless  gaudy  ornament. 
Gem.     A  precious  stone  of  any  kind. 
Gilding.     Any  superficial  coating  or  appearance. 
Gimcrack.     A  cheap  gaudy  ornament. 

-F      .*   |  An  opal  with  reddish  reflections. 

Graining.     Painting  or  staining,  in  imitation  of  the  grain  of  wood, 

stone,  etc. 
Hanging.     That  which  is  hung,  as  lining  or  drapery  for  the  walls  of  a 

room. 
Headpiece.     An  engraved  ornament  at  the  head  of  a  chapter  or  page. 


DISFIGUREMENT — Denotations— Continued. 

Freckle.     A  small  yellowish  or  brownish  spot  on  the  skin. 

Injury, etc.     See  Betterment-Deterioration. 

Macula.     A  spot  on  the  skin. 

Maculation.     The  act  of  spotting;  a  blemish. 

Mole.     A  small  permanent  spot  on  the  skin. 

Patch.     A  piece  of  anything  used  to  repair  a  breach,  or  hide  a  defect 

Pimple,  etc.     See  Convexity. 

Pustule.     An  elevation  of  the  upper  skin  containing  pus. 

Scar.     A  mark  remaining  in  the  skin  or  flesh  after  a  wound  is  healed. 

Smudge.     A  stain  or  blot. 

l£ckie.}Aspotorstain 

Spots  on  the  sun.     Dark  spots  that  appear  on  the  sun's  disk. 

Wen.     An  encysted  tumor. 

Disfigurement — Verbs. 
Begrease.     To  cover  with  grease. 
Disfigure,  etc.     To  render  unsightly  or  destroy  the  beauty  of.  etc. 

See  Betterment-Deterioration. 
Speckle.     To  cover  with  spots. 

Disfigurement — Adjectives. 

Bloodshot.     Red  and  inflamed. 

Bobtailed.     Having  a  short  tail  or  a  tail  cut  off. 

Discolored.     Having  an  unnatural  color. 

Freckled.     Covered  with  spots. 

Imperfect,  etc.  Not  complete,  etc.  See  Faultlessness-Faulti. 
ness. 

Injured,  etc.  Hurt,  not  perfect,  etc.  See  Betterment-Deterior- 
ation. 

Pitted.     Marked  with  hollows. 


EMBELLISHMENT—  Denotations— Continued. 

Heliotrope.     A  green  calcedony;  a  fragrant  flower,  named  as  if  it 

turned  with  the  sun. 
Hyacinth.     A  brown,  orange,  or  red  precious  stone. 
Illumination.     Adornment  of  books  and  manuscripts  with  colored 

illustrations. 
Jacinth.     Hyacinth. 

Japanning  lacquer.     A  hard,  black  varnish. 
Jasper.     An  opaque  variety  of  quartz,  of  red,  yellow,  and  other 

dull  colors. 
Jewel.     An  ornament  of  dress  usually  made  of  a  precious  metal. 

Tewelr617*}  Jewels'  collectively. 

Knot.     An  intricately  interwoven  piece  of  embroidery. 

Lace.     A  fabric  of  fine  threads  of  linen,  silk,  or  cotton,  etc. 

Lapis-lazuli.     A  mineral  of  a  rich  blue  color. 

Lazuli.     See  Lapis-lazuli. 

Listel.     A  fillet. 

Locket.     A  little  case  for  holding  a  miniature  or  lock  of  hair. 

Millinery.     Articles  made  by  a  milliner,  as  head-dresses,  hats,  laces, 

etc.    [Milan,  Italy.] 
Molding.     Grooved  or  ornamental  bars  of  wood  or  metal. 
Necklace.     A  string  of  beads,  etc.,  worn  around  the  neck. 
Nosegay      A  bunch  of  odorous  and  showy  flowers. 
Onyx.     A  variously  colored  variety  of  quartz. 
Opal.     A  gem  of  peculiarly  changing  colors. 

Oriental  topaz.     A  very  hard,  dark-colored  mineral  used  in  polishing . 
Panache.     A  plume  of  feathers.     [French  from  Latin  penna.] 
Paneling.     Woodwork  with  raised  margins,  molded  or  otherwise. 
Parure.     A  set  of  ornaments,  as  of  trimmings  for  a  costume. 
Paste.     False  jewelry. 
Pattern.     Figure  or  style  of  decoration. 
Pearl.     A  shelly  concretion,  usually  rounded  and  having  a  brilliant 

luster,  found  in  the  shell  of  the  pearl  oyster. 
Peridot.     Chrysolite. 

Pilaster.     A  column-like  projection  from  a  wall. 
Pinchbeck.     A  cheap  imitation  of  gold. 
Plasma.     A  greenish  quartz  used  as  a  gem. 
Plume.     A  feather,  or  group  of  feathers  used  as  an  ornament. 
Polish.     Anything  used  to  produce  a  gloss. 
Posy.     A  small  bouquet.    [Poesy.] 
Powdering.     The  act  of  employing  powder  to  make  the  complexion 

more  beautiful. 
Precious  stone.     A  gem  or  jewel. 
Rosette.     A  rose-like  ornament. 
Ruby.     A  precious  stone  of  a  deep  red  color. 


EMBELLISHMENT. 


331 


EMBELLISHMENT— SIMPLICITY. 


EMBELLISHMENT— Denotations— Continued. 

Sapphire.     A  blue  gem. 

Sard.     A  deep  blood -red  gem. 

Sardonyx.     A  variety  of  onyx. 

Shoulder-knot.     An  ornament  worn  by  military  or  naval  officers. 

Spangle.     Something  brilliant  used  as  an  ornament. 

e   .      ti     }  A  variously  colored  very  hard  mineral. 

Star.     A  device  of  star-shape  to  distinguish  rank. 

Strapwork.     An  ornament. 

Tailpiece.     An  ornament  placed  at  the  bottom  of  a  short  page  to  fill 

up  the  space. 
Tapestry.     A  fabric  worked  with  pictorial  designs. 
Tassel.     A  pendent  ornament. 
Texture.     A  woven  fabric. 

Tinsel.     A  shining  material  used  for  ornamental  purposes. 
Topaz.     A  yellowish  and  pellucid  mineral. 
Topknot.     An  ornamental  knot  worn  on  top  of  the  head. 
Torque.     A  necklace  of  wire. 
Tracery.     Ornamental  work  with  ramified  lines. 
Trapping.     Ornamental  harness  for  a  horse. 
Trimming.     That  which  serves  to  ornament. 
Trinket.     A  small  ornament. 
Turquoise.     A  blue  or  green  gem. 
Varnish.     A  resinous  liquid  used  for  imparting  a  smooth,  glossy 

surface. 
Vignette.     An  ornament  of  leaves  and  tendrils. 
Wreath.     Something  twisted,  intertwined,  or  curled. 
Zigzag.     A  series  of  short,  sharp  angles. 
Zircon.     A  hard  colored  mineral  cut  into  gems. 

Embellishment — Figurative  Nouns  and  Expressions. 
"Daisies  pied  and  violets  blue."    [Shakespeare,  L.L.  Z...  V, ii,  904.J 

gg  an      a    .      1  Alternate  egg  and  dart-shaped  decorations 
Egg  and  tongue. » 

Flowers  of  rhetoric,  etc.     See  Simplicity-Floridness. 
Pride.     The  most  ornamented  or  beautiful  part  of  anything 
Work  of  art.     A  production  or  work  requiring  the  application  of 
the  highest  skill. 

Embellishment — Verbs. 

Adonize.     To  beautify;  dainty  oneself,  like  Adonis. 

Adorn.     To  enhance  the  beauty  of  in  the  most  tasteful  manner. 


EMBELLISHMENT— Vvrbs— Continued. 

Array.     To  decorate,  dress. 

Beautify.     To  make  beautiful  or  more  pleasing. 

Become,  etc.     See  Harmony. 

Bedeck.     To  cover  with. 

Bedight.     To  array,  adorn. 

Bedizen.     To  dress  or  adorn  vulgarly  or  in  bad  taste. 

Bespangle.     To  cover  or  adorn  with  spangles. 

Chase.     To  ornament  a  metal  by  embossing. 

Deck.     To  cover. 

Decorate.     To  improve  the  appearance  of  by  additions. 

Dight.     To  dress  or  adorn. 

Dizen.     To  dress  or  ornament. 

Dress  up.     To  put  on  elaborate  clothing. 

Embellish.     To  decorate  showily. 

Emblazon.     To  adorn. 

Emboss.     To  cover  with  raised  ornaments. 

Embroider.     To  work  designs  with  a  needle. 

Enamel.     To  cover  with  a  hard  varnish. 

Fig  out.     To  dress. 

Fret.     To  decorate  with  ornamental  work. 

Furbish.     To  make  bright  by  rubbing. 

Garnish.     To  surround  with  ornaments. 

Gild.     To  cover  with  gold  plate. 

Grain.     To  paint  or  stain  like  the  grain  of  wood  or  marble. 

Illuminate.     To  adorn  with  colored  figures. 

Illustrate.     To  adorn  with  pictures. 

Japan.     To  cover  with  lacquer. 

Lacquer.     To  cover  with  a  varnish ;  enamel. 

Ornament.     To  affix  separate  and  distinct  decorations. 

Paint.      To  decorate  with  colors. 

Polish.     To  make  bright  by  rubbing. 

Powder,     To  improve  the  appearance  by  means  of  powder. 

Prank.     To  adorn  in  a  showy  manner. 

Prink.     To  adorn  oneself  with  great  care  and  nicety. 

Smarten.     To  improve  one's  appearance. 

Spangle.     To  decorate  with  spangles. 

Trick  out.     To  dress  or  ornament  with  something  showy  and  cheap. 

Trim.     To  dress. 

Varnish.     To  cover  with  a  lustrous  polish. 

Whitewash.     To  coat  with  a  mixture  of  slaked  lime  and  water. 

Work.     To  embroider. 


Embellishment — Adjectives. 


v  full  dress. 


Beautified.     Embellished;  made  beautiful. 

Becoming,  etc     Suitable,  etc.     See  Harmony. 

Bedight.     Adorned,  covered,  dressed. 

Begilt.     Covered  with  gilt. 

Decorative.     Ornamental;   pertaining  to  a  decoration. 

Dressed  to  advantage.     Well  dressed. 

Endimanche"  [F.].     Dressed  in  Sunday  clothes. 

En  grande  tenue  [F.].  I.    1 

En  grande  toilette  [F.]J 

Festooned.     Decorated. 

Fine  as  a  carrot  fresh  scraped.  \ 

Fine  as  a  Mayday  queen.  >Very  splendid. 

Fine  as  fivepence.  J 

Flashy.     Having  a  cheap  and  showy  appearance. 

Flowery.     Overadomed. 

Garish1'}  HavinS  a  »audV  effect- 

Gaudy,  etc.     Flashy,  etc.     See  Taste-Vulgarity, 

Gay.     Brilliant  in  appearance. 


Gilt.     Golden. 

Glittering.     Shining,  sparkling. 

Gorgeous.     Conspicuous  on  account  of  brilliant  colors. 
In  best  bib  and  tucker.     In  best  appearance. 
In  full  dress,  etc.     See  Society. 
In  Sunday  best.     In  best  dress. 
New  gilt.     Newly  covered  with  gold. 
New  spangled.     Newly  decorated  with  spangles. 
Ornamental.      Decorative. 

Ornamented,  etc.     Having  ornaments  added,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Ornate.     Highly  decorated. 
Pranked  out.     Dressed  with  showy  ornaments. 
Rich.     Composed  of  precious  materials. 
Showy.     Gaudy;  dressed  in  cheap  ornaments. 
Smart.     Well  and  carefully  dressed. 
Tasselated.     Adorned  with  tassels. 

Tricksy.     Neat;  like  Ariel  [Tempest,  V,i,  226];  quaint  [Merchant  of 
Venice,  III,  v,  74]. 


EMBELLISHMENT-SIMPLICITY. 


Simplicity. 
Chastity.     Purity. 

Homeliness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  simple. 
Plainness.     A  simple  and  unaffected  state. 
Simplicity.     The  state  of  being  free  from  artificiality. 
Undress.     The  habitual  dress  of  a  soldier,  not  his  full  uniform. 

Simplicity — Verbs. 

Be  simple,  etc.     To  be  plain,  unaffected,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Render  simple,  etc.     To  make  plain,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Simplify.     To  make  plain  or  easy  to  understand. 

Simplicity — Adjectives. 
Bald.     Free  from  all  adornment. 
Chaste.     Pure. 


Dull.     Not  bright;  obscure. 

Flat.     Without  gloss. 

Free  from  affectation.  |  Without  ^^1^  or  decoration. 

Free  from  ornament.  >  ' 

Homely.     Not  pretentious;  plain. 

Homespun.     Plain  and  simple  in  character. 

Inornate.     Not  decorated  or  embellished. 

Ordinary.     Usual;  common 

Plain.     Unpretentious;  unadorned.     Plain  in  thy  neatness  [Milton], 

simplex  munditiis. 
Severe.     Free  from  all  useless  ornament. 
Simple.     Free  from  affectation ;  natural. 
Unadorned.     Not  embellished;  when  unadorntd,  adorned  *he  most 

[Thomson,  Seasons,  Autumn,  204J. 
Unaffected.     Simple  and  unpretentious  in  manner. 


EMBELLISHMENT. 


332 


EMOTION. 


EMBELLISHMENT— SIMPLICITY— Continued. 


Dnarrayed. 

Undecked. 

Ungarnished. 

Unornamented. 

Untrimmed. 

Unvarnished. 


■  Without  decoration. 


em'-bers.       Smoldering  remnants  of  fire.       Heating- 
Cooling. 
em-bez'-zle.     To    appropriate    by    breach    of    trust. 

Theft. 
em-bez'-zle-ment.     Fraudulent  appropriation.    Theft. 
em-bit'-ter.     To  render  bitter.      Alleviation-Aggra- 
vation,   Betterment-Deterioration,    Favorite- 
Anger. 
em-bla'-zon.       To  adorn  with  armorial  ensigns;    to 
extol.     Color-Achromatism,  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement, Pomp. 
em'-blem.        Symbol.       Sign;    emblem  of  authority, 

Scepter. 
em"-blem-at'-ic.     Symbolic.     Sign. 
em-bod'-ied.     Clothed.       Embodied    beauty,  Nature- 
Art. 

em-bod'-i-ment.  The  act  of  embodying.  Compo- 
sition-Resolution, Whole-Part. 

em-bod'-y.  To  incorporate.  Composition-Resolu- 
tion, Inclusion -Omission,  Union -Disunion, 
Whole-Part. 

em-bold'-en.  To  encourage.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Sanguineness-Timidity. 

em'-bo-lism.  Interrelation.  Environment-Interpo- 
sition. 

em"-bo-lis'-mal.  Pertaining  to  embolism.  Environ- 
ment-Interposition. 

embonpoint  [F.]  (cuv-bon--pwan-').  Stoutness.  Great- 
ness-Littleness. 

em-bos'-omed.  Enclosed.  Confinement,  Environ- 
ment-Interposition, Establishment-Removal. 

em-boss'.  To  ornament  in  relief.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

em-boss'-ment.  Figure  in  relief.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity. 

embouchure  [F.]  (an'-bu-shur').  Point  of  discharge. 
Aperture-Closure. 

em-bow'-el.  To  disembowel;  to  bury.  Admission- 
Expulsion. 

em-brace'.  To  hug;  to  accept;  to  enclose.  Admission- 
Exclusion,  Amity -Hostility,  Blandishment, 
Center,  Choice-Neutrality,  Inclusion-Omission, 
Politeness-Impoliteness,  Sociability-Privacy, 
Taking-Restitution;  embrace  an  offer,  Consent. 

em-bran'-gle.  To  entangle.  Organization-Disor- 
ganization. 

em-bran'-gle-ment.  Entanglement.  Variance-Ac- 
cord. 

em-bra'-sure.  A  splayed  opening  in  a  wall.  Aperture- 
Closure,  Indentation. 

em-breast'-ment.  A  swelling  in  the  surface  of  the 
ground.     Convexity-Concavity. 

em'-brc-cate.    To  moisten  and  rub.    Remedy-Bane. 

em"-bro-ca'-tion.     A  liniment.     Remedy-Bane. 

em-broid'-er.  To  ornament.  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement, Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Variega- 
tion 

em-broid'-ered.     Ornamented.     Variegation. 

em-broid'-er-y.  Ornamental  work  done  with  the 
needle.  Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Gull- 
Hyperbole,  Increment-Remnant. 

em-broil'.  To  involve  in  strife.  Organization-Dis- 
organization, Variance-Accord. 

em-broiled'.     Mixed  up.     Variance-Accord. 

em-broil'-ment.  Contention.  Regularity-Irregu- 
larity, Variance-Accord. 


En  deshabille"  [F.].     In  undress. 

Sans  facon  [F-]      Informally 

Simplex  munditiis  [L.].  Of  simple  elegance.  [Horace,  Odes,  i,  a,  5.} 

Simplicity — Phrase. 
Veritatis  simplex  oralio  est  [LJ.     The  language  of  truth  is  simple. 

em-brown'.    To  darken.    Gray-Brown. 

em'-bry-o.  The  germ  of  anything.  Biology,  Cause- 
Effect;  in  embryo,  Beginning-End,  Cause-Effect, 
Occurrence-Destiny,  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion. 

em"-bry-on'-ic.  Rudimentary.  Beginning -End, 
Cause-Effect,  Greatness-Littleness,  Prlpara- 
tion:nonpreparation. 

em"-bry-ot'-ic.  Pertaining  to  the  embryo.  Cause- 
Effect. 

em"-en-da'-tion.  Correction.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration. 

e-mend'-a-tc-ry.  Pertaining  to  emending.  Better- 
ment-Deterioration. 

em'-er-ald.  Green;  a  gem.  Embellishment-Disfig- 
urement, Redness-Greenness. 

e-merge'.    To  issue  from.    Entrance-Exit. 

e-mer'-gence.  Process  of  emerging.  Condition-Situa- 
tion, Entrance-Exit. 

e-mer'-gen-cy.  An  unexpected  occurrence.  Condi- 
tion-Situation, Difficulty -Facility,  Occur- 
rence-Destiny. 

em'-er-ii.     A  glazier's  diamond.     Workshop. 

e-mer'-i-tus.  Retired  from  active  service.  Regard- 
Disrespect,  Sage-Fool. 

e-mer'-sion.  The  act  of  coming  forth.  Entrance- 
Exit. 

em'-er-y.  A  variety  of  corundum.  Sharpness-Blunt- 
ness;  emery  paper,  Smoothness-Roughness. 

em'-e-sis.    Vomiting.    Admission-Expulsion. 

e-met'-ic.  A  medicine  to  induce  vomiting.  Remedy- 
Bane. 

imeule  [F.]  (e-mut').  A  riot.  Insubordination- 
Obedience. 

em"-i-ca'-tion.    A  scintillation.     Light-Darkness. 

em'-i-grant.  Migrating;  a  person  going  from  one 
country  to  another.  Constituent-Alien,  En- 
trance-Exit, Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

em'-i-grate.  To  remove  permanently  from  native  land. 
Traveling-Navigation. 

em"-i-gra'-tion.  A  going  from  one's  native  land. 
Entrance-Exit,  Traveling-Navigation. 

em'-i-nence.  Height  -Lowness,  Ministry -Laity, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

em'-i-nent.  High;  distinguished.  Height-Lowness, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

em'-i-nent-ly.     In  an  eminent   degree.     Supremacy- 

SUBORDINACY. 

e-mir'.  A  high  Turkish  official.  Chief-Underling, 
Gentility-Democracy. 

em'-is-sa-ry.    A  secret  agent.    Consignee,  Messenger. 

e-mis'-sion.    A  throwing  out.    Admission-Expulsion. 

e-mit'.  To  discharge.  Admission-Expulsion,  Pub- 
licity; emit  vapor,  Liquefaction- Vaporization. 

e-mit'-ted.     Put  forth.     Admission-Expulsion. 

e-mit'-ting.     Putting  forth.     ADMissiON-ExruLsioN. 

Em-man'-u-el.     Immanuel.     Divinity. 

em"-me-le'-ia.     Perfect  harmony.     Melody- Discord. 

em'-met.     An  ant.     Greatness-Littleness. 

em"-oi-les'-cence.  The  act  of  becoming  soft.  Hard- 
ness-Softness. 

e-mol'-li-ent.     Softening.     Remedy-Bane. 

e-mol'-u-ment.  Compensation.  Gain-Loss,  Outlay- 
Income,  Recompense-Punition. 

e-mo'-tion.  An  act  or  state  of  excited  feeling.  Affec- 
tions. 


EMOTION. 


333 


EMOTION. 


EMOTION 

Affection.     Strong  attachment 

Agitation.     Strong,  confused  feelings,  aroused  by  fear,  et«. 

Ardor.     Intensity  of  passion. 

Cordiality.     Warmth  of  manner. 

Deep  sense.     Strong  and  intelligent  idea. 

Eagerness.     Impatient  desire  to  accomplish. 

Earnestness.     Deep,  resolute  desire  to  accomplish. 

Ecstasy.     Extreme  delight. 

Emotion.     Excited  feeling  of  any  kind. 

Empressement  [F.].     Demonstrative  cordiality. 

Endurance.     Power  to  bear  pain. 

Enthusiasm.     Extraordinary  fervor. 

Excitation  of  feeling.     Production  of  feeling. 

Experience.     Something  undergone  or  enjoyed. 

Fanaticism.     Extravagant  zeal. 

Feeling.     Mental  stirring. 

Ferment.     Intense  excitement. 

FerTonCy"}  Intensity  of  feeling. 

Flurry.     Sudden,  confused  state  of  the  mind. 
Flush.     Sudden  elation  or  excitement. 
Fluster.!  Conf^d  state  0f  the  mind. 
Flutter. ) 

Fulness  of  the  heart.     Generosity. 
Furore.     Overmastering  passion  for. 
Glow.     Fervency  or  intensity  of  feeling. 
Gusto.     Keen  enjoyment;  relish. 
Heartiness.     Earnestness  and  sincerity. 
Hectic.     An  habitual  flush. 
Hurry  of  spirits.     Excitement. 

Impression.     The  effect  produced  on  the  mind,  feelings,  etc. 
Inspiration.     Divine  influence;  elevating  influence  of  genius  or  occa- 
sion. 
Passion.     Overpowering  feeling. 
Pathos.     Tender  or  sorrowful  feeling. 
Perturbation.     Agitation  of  mind. 
Pother.     Continued  confusion. 
Pulsation.     A  beating  or  throbbing  of  the  heart. 
Response.     Act  or  feeling  as  a  result  of  an  appeal. 
Ruffle.     State  of  slight  vexation. 

Sensation.     An  impression  made  on  the  mind  through  the  senses. 
Shock.     Startling  emotion ;  violence  to  the  feelings . 
Stew.     A  state  of  agitating  excitement. 
Sufferance.     Experience  of  pain  or  evil. 
Suffering.     Severe  pain. 

Supportance.     Assistance  to  an  infirm  person. 
Sympathy.     Fellow  feeling  for  one  in  pain  or  trouble. 
Thrill.     A  tremor  of  feeling  or  excitement. 
Tolerance.     Allowing  what  is  not  altogether  approved 
Trepidation.     Trembling  with  fear. 
Turn.     A  shock,  as  from  alarm. 

Unction.     That  quality  in  language  or  address  which  excites  emotion. 
Vehemence.     Strength  or  impetuosity  of  feeling  or  passion. 
Verve.     The  enthusiasm  of  a  poet  or  artist. 
Warmth.     Slight  passion. 
Zeal.     Enthusiastic  devotion. 

Emotion — Associated  Nouns. 

Blush.     A  reddening  of  the  face   or  cheeks,  indicating  modesty, 

shame,  or  confusion. 
Flush.     A  heightened  color  or  reddening,  indicative  of  some  sudden 

emotion. 
Glow.     A  flush  or  blush. 
Heaving.     A  rising  and  falling  alternately  of  the  bosom  in  labored 

breathing  or  excitement. 
Palpitation.     A  rapid  throbbing  of  the  heart,  excited  by  fear,  fright, 

etc. 
Panting.     Short,  labored  breathing,  as  from  agitation. 
Quiver.     A  shuddering  or  trembling. 
Suffusion.     A  covering,  as  with  color. 

Throb.     A  strong  beating  of  the  heart,  as  from  great  excitement. 
Throbbing.     See  Throb. 
Tingling.     A  prickly,  stinging  sensation. 

Tremor.     An  involuntary  trembling  or  shivering,  as  from  emotion. 
Twitter.     An  agitated,  excited  state . 

Emotion — Verbs. 

Abide.     To  endure  or  bear:  said  usually  of  consequences. 

Aby.     To  pay  the  penalty  for. 

Be  agitated.     Be  in  a  state  of  agitation. 

Bear.     To  continue  under  with  patience. 

Bear  the  brunt  of.     Bear  the  main  shock,  or  the  severest  part  of. 


Be  excited.     Be  influenced  by  passion. 
Be  impressed  with,  etc.     See  Adjectives, 
Blush.     To  redden  in  the  face  from  shame,  etc. 
Brave.     To  meet  with  courage. 

SJS  «t  ££?"•}  Partake  °f  an°tWs  enthusiasm. 

Catch  the  infection.     To  be  influenced  by  the  emotion  of  others. 

Change  color.     To  blush. 

Cherish  feeling.     To  hold  a  feeling  continually:  said  of  good  feelings. 

Draw  a  deep  breath.     Indication  of  relief. 

Endure.     To  bear:  said  of  great  pain  or  trouble. 

Entertain  feeling.     To  hold  a  feeling  continually. 

Enter  the  spirit  of.     To  be  enthusiastic. 

Experience.     To  feel. 

Feel.     To  be  conscious  of. 

Flush.     Grow  red  suddenly. 

Flutter.     To  move  about  quickly  and  nervously. 

Glow.     To  be  animated  with  emotion. 

Go  pit-a-pat.     To  flutter;  said  of  the  heart 

Harbor  feeling.     To  continually  hold  a  feeling:  said  of  bad  feelings. 

Heave.     To  breathe  hard  and  deep. 

Impress.     To  fix  in  the  mind. 

Labor  under.     To  be  hindered  by. 

Look  black.     To  appear  displeased. 

Look  blue.     To  appear  distressed  in  spirits. 

Mantle.     To  become  suffused  with  blood,  as  the  face. 

Palpitate.     To  beat  unusually  fast,  as  the  heart. 

Pant.     To  breathe  rapidly ;  to  desire  ardently. 

Prove.     To  show  to  be  correct ;  to  verify. 

Quiver.     To  shake;  tremble. 

Receive  an  impression,  etc     See  Nouns. 

Respond.     To  act  in  answer  to  a  feeling  or  appeal. 

Shake.     To  tremble  violently 

Smart  under.     To  feel  sharp,  mental  pain. 

Stand.     To  endure;  to  suffer. 

Suffer,     To  bear  pain  passively;  be  in  pain. 

Support.     To  buoy  up,  as  in  trouble. 

Sustain.     To  endure  without  yielding. 

Swell.     To  be  puffed  up  with  some  feeling. 

Taste.     To  have  a  slight  experience  of. 

Thrill.     To  cause  a  tremor  of  feeling. 

Throb.     To  beat  rapidly  or  strongly,  as  the  heart. 

Tingle.     To  produce  a  prickly,  stinging  sensation. 

Tremble.     To  have  a  vibratory  motion. 

Turn  black  in  the  face.     To  show  anger. 

Turn  color.     To  show  a  sudden  change  ot  feeling 

Turn  pale.     To  show  fear  or  surprise. 

Turn  red.     To  show  modesty,  shame,  etc. 

Twitter.     To  be  excited. 

Warm.     To  develop  interest,  passion,  or  enthusiasm 

Wince.     Be  restive  under  pain  or  reproof. 

Emotion — Adjectives. 

Absorbing.     Engrossing. 

Acute.     Keenly  affecting  the  senses  or  sensibilities. 
Affected  with.     Somewhat  influenced  by. 
Ardent.     Intensely  passionate. 

Boilingover.}  Raging' 

Breathless.     Indicative  of  fear,  surprise. 

Burning.     Vehement 

Caustic.     Bitterly  sarcastic. 

Cordial.     Warm  in  feeling. 

Cutting.     Sharp;  sarcastic. 

Deep.     Profound;  heartfelt. 

Deep-felt.     Heartfelt. 

Deep-mouthed.     Ready  to  express  feeling. 

Devoured  by.     Completely  absorbed  bv- 

Eager.     Impatiently  desirous  for  action 

Earnest.     Having  a  deep,  resolute  desire  to  accomplish. 

Ecstatic.     Extremely  delightful. 

Electric.     Spirited;  thrilling. 

Emotional.     Of,  having,  or  pertaining  to  emotion. 

Emotive.     Tending  to  excite  emotion. 

Enraptured,  etc.     Filled  with  rapture,  etc. 

Enthusiastic.     Filled  with  enthusiasm. 

Fanatical.     Extravagantly  zealous. 

Feeling,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

p      . .    *  |  Showing  intensity  of  feeling. 

Feverish.     Excitable  and  uncertain. 
Fiery.     Vehement;  passionate. 
Flaming.     Intensely  excited;  vehement. 
Glowing.     Fervent;  intense. 


EMOTION. 


334 


EMPYREUMA. 


Gushing.     Exuberant;  abundant. 

Heart-expanding.     Large-hearted;  generous  in  praise,  etc 

Heartfelt.     Most  sincere. 

Hearty.     Warm  and  sincere. 

Home-felt.     Inward;  private. 

Hysterical.     Fitfully  emotional. 

Imbued  with.     Filled  with. 

Impetuous.     Acting  with  great  vehemence  or  violence. 

Impressed  with.     Very  sensible  of. 

Impressive.     Likely  to  fix  on  the  mind. 

In  a  quiver,  etc .     See  Nouns. 

Incisive.     Cutting;  penetrating. 

Indelible.     Not  able  to  be  blotted  out  or  forgotten. 

Keen.     Sharp  like  a  knife. 

Keen  as  a  razor.     Extremely  keen. 

Lively.     Gay;  animated;  brisk. 

Moved  with.     Roused  to  action  by. 

Of  feeling,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Passionate.     Characterized  by  passion. 

Penetrating.     Powerful  to  pierce  or  sink  deep. 

Penetrated  with.     Deeply  affected  by. 

Pervading.     Permeating  every  part. 

Piercing.     Sharp  and  penetrating  like  a  needle. 

Piquant.     Agreeably  sharp  or  severe. 

Poignant.     Severely  painful,  cutting,  or  severe. 

Profound.     Deep  and  intense. 

Pungent.     Very  piquant 

Quick.     Irritable ,  hasty    easily  angers  *  alive. 

Rabid.     Raging  mad,  like  a  maa  dog. 

Racy.     Strikingly  and  vigorously  original. 

Rapt.     Carried  away  from  oneself  into  raptures. 

Rapturous.     Extremely  and  deeply  joyful. 

Raving.     Pertaining  to  Irrational  or  furious  talk. 

Red-hot.     Raging;  furious;  fiery. 

Seized  with.     Entirely  overcome  by. 

Sensorial. |  pertaihing  to  tne  nervous  system. 

Sensuous.     Keenly  alive  to  pleasures  derived  through  the 

Sentient.     Having  sensation  or  feeling. 

Sharp.     Affecting  the  feelings  as  if  cut  by  a  knife. 

Sincere.     In  reality  what  it  appears  to  be. 

Smart.     Emphatic  and  sharp. 

Soul-stirring.     Passionate  and  profoundly  impressive. 

Strong.     Marked  by  force  or  strength. 

Struck  all  of  a  heap.     Affected  suddenly. 

Swelling.     Pompous;  increasing  in  intensity. 

Thrilling.     Causing  a  thrill. 

Touched  with.     Moved  to  compassion. 

Trenchant.     Cutting  deeply  and  quickly. 

Warm.     Slightly  passionate. 

Warmhearted.     Cordial. 

Wistful.     With  longing  or  desire. 

With  feeling,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Wrought  up.     Roused  into  a  passion. 

Zealous.     Enthusiastically  devoted. 

Emotion — A  dverbs. 

Ab  into  pectore  [L.].     From  the  bottom  of  one's  heart. 
At  heart.     With  deep  earnestness. 
Conamore  [It.].     With  love;  earnestly. 
Devoutly.     With  earnest,  religious  feelings. 
From  bottom  of  one's  heart.     Profoundly. 
Heart  and  soul.     With  all  might  and  spirit. 
Heartily.     Earnestly  and  cordially. 
Over  head  and  ears.     Completely. 

Emotion — Phrases. 

The  heart  beating;  the  heart  beating  high;  the  heart  big;  the  heart 
breaking;  the  heart  bursting;  the  heart  flowing;  the  heart  full; 
the  heart  melting;  the  heart  overflowing;  the  heart  pulsating;  the 
heart  swelling;  the  heart  throbbing;  the  heart  thumping.    ■ 

e-mo'-tion-al.    Pertaining  to  emotion.    Emotion. 
e-mo'-tive.    Tending  to  excite  emotion.    Emotion. 
em-pale'.    To  thrust  a  sharp  stake  through.     Recom- 

PENSE-PUNITION. 

em-pale'-ment.  The  act  of  empaling.  Aperture- 
Closure. 

em-pan'-el.  To  enroll  on  a  list  for  jury  duty.  Liti- 
gation. 

em'-per-or.  The  sovereign  of  an  empire.  Chief- 
Underling. 


em'-per-y.    Authority.    Rule-License. 

em'-pha-sis.  Special  force  of  voice.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Rhetoric, 
Vocalization-Muteness. 

em'-pha-size.  To  put  stress  on.  Assertion-Denial, 
Consequence-Insignificance. 

em-phat'-ic.  Forcible;  a  form  of  the  verb  in  grammar. 
Assertion-Denial,  Consequence-Insignificance  ; 
emphatic  form,  Noun. 

em-phat'-ic-al-ly.    Decidedly.    Magnitude-Smallness. 

em-pierce'.  To  pierce  into.  Aperture-Closure,  In- 
jection-Ejection. 

em'-pire.  A  territory  governed  by  an  emperor.  Prop- 
erty, Rule-License. 

em"-pi-re'-ma.  Proposition  based  on  experience. 
Ratiocination-Instinct. 

em-pir'-ic.     Charlatanic     Gull-Deceiver. 

em-pir'-ic-al.  Based  on  experience.  Gull-Deceiver, 
Trial,  Venture. 

em-pir'-i-cism.  The  empirical  character  or  method. 
Trial. 

em-ploy'.       To  •■>*,       Commission-Abrogation,  Lib- 

ERTY-SuBJE;~  I  ON,  OCCUPATION,  UsE-DlSUSE;  Cm- 
ploy  one's  capital  in,  Exchange;  employ  oneself, 
Action-Passiveness;  employ  one's  time  in,  Occu- 
pation; in  one's  employ,  Chief-Underling. 

em"-ploy-e\  A  person  employed.  Chief-Under- 
ling, Consignee. 

em-ploy'-er.     One  who  employs.    Buying-Sale. 

em-ploy '-ment.  Service;  act  of  using.  Occupation, 
Use-Disuse. 

em-poi'-son.  To  envenom.  Betterment-Deterior- 
ation. 

em-po'-ri-um.     An  important  trading-place.     Market. 

em-pow'-er.  To  authorize.  Commission-Abroga- 
tion, Leave-Prohibition,  Might-Impotence. 

em'-press.  A  woman  who  rules  an  empire.  Chibf- 
Underling. 

empressement  [F.]  (cuv-pres-man'').  Demonstrative 
cordiality.  Activity-Indolence,     Desire-Dis- 

taste, Emotion. 

em-prise'.     Adventure.     Enterprise. 

empta  dolore  docet  experientia  [L.]  (emp'-ta  do-lo'-ri 
do'-set  ex-pl-ri-en'-shi-a) .  Experience  bought  with 
pain  teaches.  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Pleasure- 
Pain. 

emp'-ti-ness.  State  of  being  empty.  Presence-Ab- 
sence. 

emp'-tion.     The  act  of  buying.     Buying-Sale. 

emp'-tor.     A  buyer.     Buying-Sale. 

emptor,  caveat  [L.]  (emp'-tor,  ke'-vi-at).  Let  the 
buyer  beware.     Contract. 

emp'-ty.  Vacant.  Admission-Expulsion,  Estab- 
lishment-Removal,    Excess-Lack,     Knowledge- 

.  Ignorance,  Presence-Absence,  Provision-Waste, 
Substance  -  Nullity,  Usefulness  -  Uselessness  ; 
beggarly  account  of  empty  boxes,  Affluence-Pen- 
ury; empty  one's  glass,  Nutriment-Excretion; 
empty  pocket,  Affluence-Penury;  empty  purse, 
Affluence-Penury;  empty  sound,  Meaning-Jar- 
gon; empty  stomach,  Desire-Distaste;  empty  title, 
Dueness-Undueness,  Name-Misnomer;  empty 
words,  Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

emp'-ty-hand"-ed.  Not  prepared  to  give.  Excess- 
Lack. 

emp'-ty-head"-ed.  Foolish.  Knowledge-Ignorance. 
To   make  purple.      Yellowness-Pur- 


em-pur'-ple. 

PLE. 

em-pyr'-e-al. 
em"-py-re'-an 


Celestial.     Heaven-Hell. 

Highest  heaven.     Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Universe. 
em"-py-reu'-ma.     The  peculiar  taste  or  odor  of  animal 
or  vegetable  substances,  burnt  in  close  vessels.     Mix- 
ture-Homogeneity, Perfume-Stench. 


EMPYREUMATIC. 


335 


ENCLOSURE. 


em"-py-reu-mat'-ic.  Pertaining  to  empyreuma.  Per- 
fume-Stench. 

em"-py-ro'-sis.  A  general  conflagration.  Heating- 
Cooling. 

em'-u-late.  To  vie  with.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Goodness-Badness,  Imitation-Original- 
ity, Reputation-Discredit,  Strife-Peace. 

em"-u-la'-tion.  Rivalry.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence. 

em'-u-lous.     Rivaling.     Antagonism-Concurrence. 

e-mul'-sion.  A  liquid  mixture  in  which  a  fatty  or 
resinous  substance  is  suspended  in  minute  globules. 
Viscidity-Foam. 

e-mul'-sive.     Milklike.     Viscidity-Foam. 

e-munc'-to-ry.     Excretory.     Watercourse-Airpipe. 

en  bloc  [F.]  (an-  bloc).     Inalump.     Whole-Part. 

en  effet  [F.]  (an-  e-f60.  In  effect.  Subjectiveness- 
Objectiveness. 

en  grand  ienue  [F.]  (an-  gran-  te-nu').  In  full  dress. 
Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Society  -  Ludi- 
crousness. 

en  grand  toilette  [F.]  (an-  gran-  twa-let').  In  grand 
costume.     Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

en  masse[F.]  (an-  mas).     In  amass.     Whole-Part. 

en  passant  [F.]  (an-  pa-san-').  By  the  way.  Connec- 
tion-Independence, Lastingness-Transientness, 
Opportuneness-Unsuitableness,    Purpose-Luck. 

en  rapport  [F.]  (an-  ra-por') .  In  harmony  with.  Con- 
nection-Independence. 

en  regie  [F.]  (an-  regl).  According  to  rule.  Conven- 
tionality-Unconventionality,  Regularity-Ir- 
regularity. 

en  route  [F.]  (an-  rut).  On  the  way.  Advance- 
Retrogression,  Traveling-Navigation. 

en-a'-ble.     To  make  able.     Might-Impotence. 

en-a'-ble-ment.     Ability.     Might-Impotence. 

en-act'.  To  carry  out.  .Acting,  Action-Passive- 
ness,  Completion-Noncompletion,  Conduct,  Law- 
Lawlessness,  Order. 

en-act'- ment      A  statute.     Law-Lawlessness,  Order. 

en-al'-la-ge.  The  use  of  one  part  of  speech  or  inflection 
for  another.     Trope. 

en-am'-el.  A  glossy  lacquer;  to  cover  with  enamel. 
Cover  -  Lining,  Embellishment  -  Disfigurement, 
Painting. 

en-am'-el-er.     One  who  enamels.     Artist. 

en-am'-el-ist.     One  who  enamels.     Artist. 

en-am'-or.     To  inspire  with  ardent  love.     Love-Hate. 

e-nas'-cent.     Being  born.     Creation-Destruction. 

e-nate'.  Related  on  the  mother's  side.  Relation- 
ship. 

en  avant  [F.]  (an-  a-van-').  Forward.  Aim-Aberra- 
tion. 

en-cage'.     To  imprison.     Release-Restraint. 

em-camp'.  To  form  a  camp.  Dweller-Habitation, 
Establishment-Removal. 

en-camp'-ment.     A  camp.     Establishment-Removal. 

en-caus'-tic  paint'-ing.  A  method  of  painting  used  by 
the  ancients.     Painting. 

en"-ceinte'.  A  close  or  precinct;  pregnant.  Cre- 
ation-Destruction, Enclosure. 

en-ce'-ni-a.     A  church  wake.     Ceremonial. 

en-chafe'.  To  chafe  or  irritate.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

en-chain'.     To  attach  firmly.     Release-Restraint. 

en-chant'.  To  bewitch.  Devotion-Magic,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness. 

en-chant'-ed.     Fascinated.     Pleasure-Pain. 

en-chant'-ing.  Charming.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Love- 
Ha-te,  Melody-Dissonance,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

en-chant'-ment.  Incantation.  Devotion-Magic,  Love- 
Hate,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Pleasure- 
Pain. 


en-chase'.     To  incase  in  a  setting.     Union-Disunion. 

en"-chi-rid'-i-on.  A  hand-book.  Missive-Publica- 
tion. 

enciente  [Sp.]  (en-thi-en'-te) .  A  fortified  region.  Ex- 
tension-District. 

en-cinc'-ture.  To  encircle  with  a  girdle.  Environ- 
ment-Interposition. 

en-cir'-cle.  To  encompass.  Circle-Winding,  En- 
vironment-Interposition. 

en-clave'.  To  enclose;  a  territory  surrounded  by  pos- 
sessions of  another  government.  Extension-Dis- 
trict, Boundary. 

en-close'.  To  surround;  to  fence  in.  Admission- 
Exclusion,  Confinement,  Environment-Inter- 
position, Outside-Inside. 

en-closed'.     Fenced  in.     Outside-Inside. 

en-clo'-sure.  An  enclosed  space,  or  object.  Confine- 
ment, Contents-Receiver,  Environment-Inter- 
position, Enclosure,  Inclusion-Omission,  Re- 
lease-Restraint. 


ENCLOSURE. 

Balustrade.     An  enclosure  made  up  of  a  row  of  balusters  supporting 

a  hand  rail  and  used  to  inclose  a  balcony,  staircase, etc. 
Barricade.     An  enclosure  that  obstructs,  as  a  waterway. 
Barrier.     Anything  which  stops  progress,  as  a  fence. 
Case,  etc.     See  Contents-Receiver. 
Circumvallation ;     An  inclosure  of  military  works. 
Cordon  [F.|.  A  iine  of  sentinels  or  military  posts  guarding  any  place 

or  thing. 
Corral.     Space  enclosed  for  livestock. 
Dike.     An  embankment  made  to  prevent  inundation. 
Ditch.     A  narrow  enclosure  in  the  ground,  used  for  drainage. 
Door.     A  frame,  generally  of  wood,  used  to  close  the  entranae  to  a 

house,  etc. 
Dyke.     See  Dike. 

Enceinte  [F.].     The  line  of  works  forming  the  enclosure  of  a  fortress. 
Enclosure.     Anything  that  encompasses  or  encloses. 
Envelope.     A  paper  wrapper  used  to  enclose  letters  and  the  like. 
Espalier  [F.|.     A  railing  ox  trellis. 
Fence,  etc.     A  structure  of  rails,  wires,  etc.,  used  to  enclose  an  area. 

See  Attack-Defense. 
Fold.     An  enclosure  for  certain  domestic  animals,  as  sheep. 
Fosse.     A  ditch  used  to  enclose  and  protect  a  fortification. 
Gate.     A  movable  barrier  used  to  close  the  entrance  to  a  garden, 

mountain  gap,  etc. 
Gateway.     Whatever  is  regarded  as  a  means  of  entrance  or  egress. 
Girdle,  etc.     See  Outline. 

Hatch.     The  cover  to  an  opening  in  a  deck,  floor,  etc. 
Hedge.     A  fence  made  of  shrubs  or  bushes. 
Hedgerow.     An  orderly  row  of  shrubs  or  trees  planted  to  serve  as  a 

fence. 
Hogpen.  .  inclosure  for  keeping  hogs. 

Incasement      Anything  that  incases. 
Infold.     A  fold  or  enclosure. 
Moat.     A  trench  outside  the  wall  of  a  fortress. 
Net.     A  fabric  of  twine  or  the  like  for  enclosing  fish. 
Paddock.     An  enclosure  for  pasturing  or  exercising  horses. 
Pale.     A  fence  enclosing  an  area;  hence  any  boundary. 
Paling.     A  fence  made  of  upright  sticks. 
Park  paling.     Paling  enclosing  a  park. 
Pen.     An  enclosure,  as  for  pigs. 

Penfold.     An  enclosure  for  stray  cattle  or  domestic  animals. 
Pound.    An  enclosure  set  apart  by  authority  for  keeping  stray  cattle. 
Prison,  etc.     See  Release-Prison. 

Quickset  hedge.     A  hedge  made  of  living  shrubs  or  trees. 
Rail.     A  wooden  or  metal  bar  stretching  from  one  post  to  another, 

as  in  a  fence. 
Railing.     A  series  of  rails  or  bars  forming  a  fence. 
Ring  fence.     A  fence  encircling  a  large  piece  of  land  or  a  whole  estate 
Seine  net.     A  large  fish-net  provided  with  weights  and  floats. 
Sheepfold.     A  pen  or  fold  for  keeping  sheep. 
Wall.     A  brick  or  stone  fence. 
Wrapper.     That  in  which  anything  is  enclosed. 

Enclosure — Verbs* 

Circumscribe,  etc.     See  Confinement. 
Enclose.     Fence  in;  encircle. 


ENCLOTHE. 


336 


ENFEOFFMENT. 


en-clothe'.     To  clothe.     Dress-Undress. 
en-co'-mi-ast.     A  eulogist.     Flatterer-Defamer. 

en-co"-mi-as'-tic.  Eulogistic.  Approval-Disap- 
proval. 

en-co'-mi-um.  A  eulogy.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Rhetoric. 

en-com'-pass.  To  encircle.  Environment-Inter- 
position ;  encompassed  with  difficulties,  Difficulty- 
Facility. 

en-com'-pass-ment.  The  act  of  surrounding.  En- 
vironment-Interposition. 

en"-core'.  Once  more;  to  call  for  repetition;  the 
repetition.      Approval-Disapproval,  Recurrence. 

en-coun'-ter.  To  meet  with;  a  meeting.  Antag- 
onism-Concurrence, Arrival-Departure,  Impe- 
tus-Reaction, Occurrence  -  Destiny,  Strife- 
Peace;  encounter  danger,  Security-Insecurity; 
encounter  risk,  Purpose-Luck;  encounter  the 
chance,  Purpose-Luck. 

en-cour'-age.  To  stimulate.  Alleviation-Aggrava- 
tion, Bravery-Cowardice,  Motive-Caprice,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

en-cour'-age-ment.  The  act  of  encouraging.  Allevi- 
ation-Aggravation, Motive-Caprice. 

en-cour'-a-ging.  Cheering.  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness. 

En'-cra-tism.  Abstinence.  Moderation-Selfindul- 
gence. 

en-croach'.  To  infringe.  Dueness-Undueness, 
Right-Wrong,  Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

en-croach'-ment.  Gradual  intrusion.  Dueness-Un- 
dueness, Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

en"-cui-rassed' .  Having  a  cuirass-like  covering. 
Cover-Lining. 

en-cum'-ber.  To  embarrass.  Difficulty-Facility, 
Obstruction-Help. 

en-cum'-bered.     Loaded  with  debts.     Credit-Help. 

en-cum'-brance.  Impediment.  Credit-Debt,  Ob- 
struction-Help. 

en-cyc'-li-cal.  A  circular  letter.  Missive-Publica- 
tion. 

en-cy"-clo-pe'-di-a.  A  work  treating  the  whole  circle 
of  the  sciences  in  order.  Knowledge-Ignorance, 
Missive-Publication. 

en-cy"-clo-pe'-dic-al.  Possessing  extensive  knowl- 
edge. Universality-Particularity;  encyclopedi- 
cal knowledge,  Knowledge-Ignorance;  encyclope- 
dical learning,  Knowledge-Ignorance. 

en-cyst'-ed.  Enclosed  in  a  membranous  sac  or  cyst. 
Confinement. 

end.  The  extreme  limit.  Beginning-E'  >,  Cause- 
Effect,  Discontinuance-Continuance,  Purpose- 
Luck,  Top-Bottom;  at  an  end,  Beginning-End, 
Discontinuance-Continuance;  begin  at  the  wrong 
end,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  come  to  its  end,  Com- 
pletion-Noncompletion;  end  in  smoke,  Might- 
Impotence,  Success  -  Failure,  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming;  end  of  life,  Life-Death;  end  of  one's 
tether,  Difficulty-Facility,  Excess-Lack,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Ratiocination -Casuistry;  end 
one's  days,  Life-Death;  ends  of  the  earth,  Remote- 
ness-Nearness; end  to  end,  Extension-Inexten- 
sion,  Interspace-Contact,  Length-Shortness; 
on  end,  Erectness-Flatness;  one's  journey's  end, 
Arrival-Departure;  put  an  end  to,  Creation-De- 
struction, Life-Killing. 

en-dam'-age.    To  injure.    Goodness-Badness. 

en-dan'-ger.  To  expose  to  peril.  Security-Inse- 
curity. 

en-dear'.    To  cause  to  be  loved.     Love-Hate. 

en-dear'-ment.     A  caress;  love.     Blandishment. 

en-deav'-or.  To  try.  Quest-Evasion,  Venture;  en- 
deavor after,  Purpose-Luck;  use  one's  best  endeavor, 
Toil-Relaxation,  Venture. 


end'-ed.    Finished.    Beginning-End. 

en-dem'-ic.  Peculiar  to  a  country  or  people;  a  local 
disease.  Health-Sickness,  Outside-Inside,  Uni- 
versality-Particularity. 

endimanche  [F.]  (an-di-man-she') .  Dressed  in  one's 
Sunday  clothes.  Embellishment-Disfigurement, 
Pomp. 

end'-ing.     Terminating.      Beginning-End. 

end'-less.  Eternal;  infinite.  Eternity-  Instanta- 
neity,  Infinity,  Multiplicity-Paucity. 

end'-long.     Lengthwise.     Length-Shortness. 

en-dog'-a-my.  The  custom  of  some  uncivilized  tribes 
of  marrying  only  within  the  group.  Matrimony- 
Celibacy. 

en-dog'-e-nous.    Growing  from  within.    Fauna-Flora. 

en-dome'.     To  cover  with  a  dome.     Cover-Lining. 

en-dorse'.  To  write  upon  the  back  of;  to  approve. 
Approval -Disapproval,  Assent -Dissent,  Con- 
tract, Evidence-Counterevidence,  Money;  en- 
dorsed with  reason,  Mind-Imbecility. 

en-dorse'-ment.    Superscription;  approval.    Sign. 

en'-dos"-mose.  Osmose  from  an  outer  vessel  to  one 
contained  within  it.     Transmission. 

en-dow'.  To  furnish  Giving-Receiving,  Might- 
Impotence. 

en-dowed'.  Furnished  with  gifts.  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness; endowed  with,  Holding-Exemption. 

en-dow'-ment.  A  gift;  act  of  endowing.  Giving-Re- 
ceiving, Might-Impotence,  Skill-Unskilfulness, 
Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 

en-due'.    To  put  in  possession  of.    Might-Impotence. 

en-dur'-ance.  Durability;  duration.  Emoxion,  Ex- 
citability -  Inexcitability,  Mutation  -  Perma- 
nence. 

en-dure'.  To  withstand;  to  suffer.  Duration-Never- 
ness,  Emotion,  Excitability- Inexcitability, 
Lastingness  -  Transientness,  Mutation  -  Perma- 
nence, Occurrence-Destiny;  endure  for  *ver, 
Eternity-Instantaneity;  endure  pain,  Pleasure- 
Pain. 

en-dur'-ing.  Bearing  with  patience.  Excitability- 
Inexcitability. 

end'-wise.    On  end.    Erectness-Flatness. 

E.  N.  E.     East-northeast.     Aim-Aberration. 

en'-e-my.  An  adversary.  Antagonist-Assistant, 
Entertainment-Weariness,  Friend-Foe;  enemy 
to  society,  Friend-Foe;  the  common  enemy,  Angel- 
Satan;  thing  devised  y  the  enemy,  Truthfulness- 
Fabrication. 

en"-er-get'-ic.  Strenuous;  forceful.  Determination- 
Vacillation,  Toil-Relaxation,  Vigor-Inertia. 

en'-er-gize.     To  make  energetic.     Vigor-Inertia. 

en"-er-gu'-men.    A  demoniac.    Saneness-Lunacy. 

en'-er-gy.  Force.  Activity-Indolence,  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation, Might-Impotence,  Strength- 
Weakness,  Vigor-Inertia. 

e-ner'-vate.  To  weaken.  Might-Impotence,  Strength- 
Weakness,  Toil-Relaxation. 

en'-er-va'-tion.     Debility.     Strength-Weakness. 

en-face'.    To  write  on  the  face  of .    Writing-Printing. 

enfant,  bon  [F.]  (cuv-fan',  bon).  A  good  fellow. 
Charitableness-Malevolence. 

enfant  gate"  [F.]  (cur-fan-'  ga-tg').  A  spoiled  child. 
Desire-Repletion,  Favorite-Anger,  Welfare- 
Misfortune. 

enfants  perdus  [F.]  (an--fan-'  per-dii').  Lost  children ; 
a  forlorn  hope.  Recklessness-Caution,  Sanguine- 
ness-Hopelessness. 

enfant  terrible  [F.]  (cuv-fan''  ter-ribl').  A  torment. 
Craft-Artlessness,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

en-fee'-ble.     To  weaken.     Strength-Weakness. 

en-feoff'-ment.  The  act  or  the  instrument  by  which 
the  title  and  possessions  of  an  estate  in  fee  are  trans- 
ferred.    Strength-Weakness. 


ENFIELD  RIFLE. 


337 


ENGINE. 


En'-field  ri'-fle.  A  muzzle-loading  rifle  formerly  used  by 
the  English  government.     Weapon. 

en'-fi-lade".  To  rake  lengthwise  with  shot  or  missiles. 
Aperture-Closure,  Length-Shortness,  Trans- 
mission. 

en-fold'.     To  fold  within.     Confinement. 

en-force'.  To  put  into  execution;  to  compel.  Advice, 
Coercion,  jDueness-Undueness,  Motive-Caprice. 

en-force'-ment.     Compulsion.     Coercion. 

en-fran'-chise.  To  endow  with  political  privilege. 
Leave  -  Prohibition,  Liberty  -  Subjection,  Re- 
lease-Restraint. 

en-fran'-chised.  Invested  with  citizen's  or  freeman's 
rights.     Dueness-Undueness. 


en-fran'-chise-ment.  Act  of  enfranchising.  Liberty- 
Subjection,  Release-Restraint. 

en-gage'.  To  pledge;  to  hire;  to  encounter  in  battle. 
Commission  -  Abrogation,  Contract,  Earliness- 
Lateness,  Engagement-Release,  Enterprise, 
Fighting-Conciliation,  Motive-Caprice,  Quest- 
Evasion;  engage  the  attention,  Heed-Disregard; 
engage  the  thoughts,  Heed-Disregard;  engage  with, 
Strife-Peace;  ill  engage,  Assertion-Denial. 

en-gaged'.  Built  into  a  structure.  Engaged  column, 
Architecture. 

en-gage'-ment.  The  act  of  engaging.  Duty-Dere- 
liction, Engagement-Release,  Enterprise,  Pur- 
pose-Luck, Strife-Peace. 


ENGAGEMENT— RELEASE. 


Affiance.     A  marriage  contract  or  engagement. 

Assurance.      Something  that  inspires  confidence,    a  promise. 

Betroth.  } 

Betrothal.        /An  engagement  to  marry. 

Betrothment.  J 

Contract.     An  agreement  between  two  or  more  parties  having  a 

consideration.     See  Contract. 
Engagement.     The  act  of  binding  by  a  promise. 
Guarantee.     An  agreement  whereby  one  person  is  to  stand  for  the 

performance  of  some  obligation  by  another. 
Insurance.     A  system  by  which  one  party  is  guaranteed  indemnity 

for  loss  or  damage,  by  another  party. 
Oath.     A  solemn  affirmation  with  an  appeal  to  God  in  support  of  its 

truth.     See  Assertion. 
Obligation.     A  binding  by  a  legal  or  moral  requirement. 
Parole.     A  pledge  of  honor  given  by  captured  soldiers  in  considera- 
tion of  indulgences  or  that  they  will  not  take  arms  against  the 

captor. 
Pledge.     A  promise  solemnly  given. 
Plight.     A  solemn  engagement  or  pledge. 
Preengagement.     A  prior  engagement. 

Profession.     The  act  of  professing,  of  openly  declaring  one's  purposes. 
Promise.     A  declaration,  oral  or  written,  that  a  person  will  do  or 

not  do  a  given  act. 
Troth.     A  pledging. 

Undertaking.     In  law,  an  engagement;  the  act  of  undertaking. 
Vow.     A  solemn  promise  to  God  to  do  or  not  do  something. 
Warranty      A  guarantee  that  a  given  thing  is  as  represented. 
Word.     A  promise. 
Word  of  honor.     A  promise  to  which  one's  honor  is  pledged. 

Engagement — Verbs. 

Adjure.     To  entreat  earnestly  as  if  under  oath. 

Administer  an  oath.  To  have  one  promise  upon  the  witness  of  a 
high  or  holy  personage. 

Answer  for.     To  be  responsible  for. 

Assure.     To  make  confident,  to  give  surety  to. 

Attest,  etc.     To  declare  as  accurate,  to  vouch  for.     See  Evidence. 

Be  answerable  for.     Responsible. 

Become  bound  to.     To  be  apprenticed  to 

Become  sponsor  for.     To  stand  good  for. 

Betroth.     To  engage  to  marry. 

Bind  oneself.     To  be  obligated. 

Commit  oneself.     To  pledge  oneself. 

Contract  an  obligation.     Bind  oneself. 

Covenant,  etc.  To  bind  oneself  to  do  a  single  act,  etc.  See  Con- 
tract. 

Engage.     To  bind  by  promise;  to  pledge. 

Enter  into  an  engagement.' 

Enter  on  an  engagement. 

Form  an  engagement. 

Guarantee.     To  engage  to  stand  for  another. 

5ive  a  promise,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

3ive  one's  credit.  1 

Give  one's  honor.  :  n.    ,  ., 

«.  »    -   _  ^       I  Pledge  oneself. 

Give  one  s  troth.    [  s 

Give  one's  word.    J 

G've  security.     See  Security. 

Hold  out  an  expectation.     To  offer  reasonable  hopes. 


To  promise  or  bind  oneself  to  do  some- 
thing. 


Release,  etc.     Liberation  from  a  promise  or  obligation.     See  Re- 
lease. 

Rele  a  s  e — A  djectives. 
Absolute.     Without  limitation  or  condition. 
Unconditional,  etc.     Limited  by  no  conditions.     See  Liberty. 


To  promise  formally. 


Bind  oneself  in  honor. 


E  NG  AGEME  NT— V  erb  s— Continued. 

Make  a  form.     To  take  a  promise. 

Make  an  engagement.     To  promise. 

Pass  one's  credit. 

Pass  one's  honor. 

Pass  one's  troth. 

Pass  one's  word,    j 

Pledge  one's  credit. 

Pledge  oneself. 

Pledge  one's  honor. 

Pledge  one's  troth. 

Pledge  one's  word. 

Plight  faith. 

Plight  one's  credit. 

Plight  one's  honor. 

Plight  one's  troth. 

Plight  one's  word. 

Promise.     To  engage  to  do  or  not  to  do  something. 

Put  to  one's  oath.     To  exact  an  oath. 

Secure.     To  make  safe;  to  guarantee  against  loss. 

Swear,  etc.     To  affirm  solemnly  with  an  appeal  to  God  in  support  of 

its  accuracy  and  truth,  etc.     See  Assertion. 
Swear  a  witness.     To  take  oath  of. 
Take  upon  oneself.     To  be  answerable  for. 
Tie  oneself.     Bind  oneself. 

Undertake.     To  guarantee  the  performance  of. 
Underwrite.     To  engage  to  buy  all  stock  not  bought  by  the  public. 
Vow.     To  promise  solemnly  to  God. 
Warrant.     To  guarantee  that  the  article  is  as  represented. 

Engagement — Adjectives. 
Affianced.     Engaged  to  marry. 

Bound.     Constrained  by  a  legal  or  moral  obligation. 
Committed.     Devoted;  pledged;  bound. 
Compromised.     Pledged  to. 
In  for  it.     Committed  to  a  given  course. 
Pledged.     Deposited  as  a  security. 
Promised,  etc.  I  fc 

Promising,  etc. > 

Promissory.     Of  the  nature  of  a  promise. 
Under  hand  and  seal.     Under  one's  signature  and  certification  of 

legality. 
Upon  oath.     Upon  the  most  sacred  promise. 
Votive.     Dedicated  or  given  on  account  of  a  vow. 

Engagement — Adverbs,  etc. 
As  one's  head  shall  answer  for. 
Ex  voto  [L.].     According  to  one's  vow. 
Gage  d'amour  [F.].     Pledge  of  love. 
In  for  a  penny,  in  for  a  pound. 


en-ga'-ging.     Attractive.     Love-Hate,  Pleasurable-  en-gen'-der.     To  produce.     Creation-Destruction. 

ness-Painfulness.  en'-gine.      A   machine   or  contrivance   for  producing 

en-gar'-ri-son.     To  supply  with  a  garrison.     Attack-  mechanical  effect.      Instrument. 

Defense. 

22 


ENGINE-DRIVER. 


338 


ENGRAVING. 


en'-glne-dri'-ver.  The  engineer  of  a  locomotive.  Way- 
farer-Seafarer. 

en"-gi-neer'.  One  versed  in  any  branch  of  engineering; 
to  manage  skilfully.     Agent,  Belligerent. 

en"-gi-neer'  ing.  The  science  and  art  of  making, 
building,  or  using  engines  and  machines.  Instru- 
ment. 

en-gird'.  To  encompass.  Environment-Interposi- 
tion. 

en-gla'-ci-al.    Embedded  with  glacier-ice.    Geology. 

Eng'-lish.  Relating  to  England  or  its  inhabitants;  the 
language  of  the  people  of  England,  America,  etc. 
Dweller-Habitation;  broken  English,  Word-Ne- 
ology; king's  English,  Language  ;  murder  the  king's 
English,  Grammar-Solecism,  Speech-Inarticu- 
lateness; plain  English,  Clearness-Obscurity, 
Interpretation-Misinterpretation,  Simplicity- 
Floridness. 

Eng'-lish- men.  Citizens  of  England.  Dweller-Habi- 
tation. 

en-gobe'.  A  substance  used  to  cover  coarse  pottery. 
Cover-Lining. 

en-gorge'.  To  gorge;  to  swallow  food  greedily.  Ad- 
mission-Expulsion, Fasting-Gluttony. 

en-gorge'-ment.  The  condition  of  being  engorged. 
Excess-Lack. 

en-grail'.     To  make  indented.     Variegation. 

en-grave'.  To  carve  upon  some  surface.  Delinea- 
tion-Caricature, Engraving,  Groove,  Sign;  en- 
grave in  the  memory,  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness. 

en-graved'.     Carved.     Engraving. 

en-gra'-ver.    A  person  who  engraves.    Artist. 

en-gra'-ving.  An  engraved  plate;  the  act,  process,  or 
art  of  producing  by  cutting  on  metal,  stone,  or  wood. 
Delineation-Caricature.  Engraving. 

ENGRAVING. 

Anastatic  printing.      Printing  from  a  raised  surface. 

Aquatinta.     A  process  of  etching  in  which  spaces  as  well  as  lines  are 

bitten  in  by  an  acid. 
Cerography.     The  art  of  engraving  on  wax. 
Chalcography.     The  art  of  engraving  on  copper  or  brass. 
Chalk-engraving.      Imitating  chalk-drawings  by  stipple-engravings. 
Chromolithography.      The  method  of  making  pictures  by  the  use  of 

a  number  of  stones,  each  having  a  portion  of  the  picture  drawn 

upon  it. 
Copperplate  engraving.     The  art  of  engraving  on  copper  plates  by 

incised  lines. 
Copperplate  printing.      Printing  from  a  copper  plate. 
Decalcomania.     Art  of  transferring  pictures  to  glass  or  china. 
Dry-point.     Method  of  etching  on  copper  plate  with  a  fine  needle 

without  the  use  of  acids. 
Engraving.     The  process  of  cutting  designs  in  metal,  wood,  etc. 
Etching.     The  process  of  engraving  lines  by  the  use  of  an  acid. 
Glyphography.     The  engraving  of  a  design  in  relief  on  a  copper  plate. 
Glypography.     Engraving  on  gems. 
Heliogravure.     The  art  of  photographic  engraving. 
Lignography.      Engraving  on  wood. 

Line-engraving.      Reproducing  of  designs  by  lines  cut  in  copper  plate . 
Lithographic  printing.      The  art  of  printing  from  a  stone  treated  with 

various  colors  of  ink. 
Lithography.      Lithographic  printing. 
Mezzotint  engraving.       A   process  of  engraving  in   which,  after  a 

uniformly  black    surface   is   produced  by  minute   incisions,  the 

design  is  engraved  and  the  lighter  parts  of  the  design  brought  out 

by  scraping. 
Photolithography.     The  process  of  reproducing  photographs  on  pre- 
pared stone. 
Plate-engraving.      The  art  of  cutting  designs  on  any  metal  or  stone 

plate. 
Plate-printing.      The  art  of  producing  printed  characters  on  metal 

plates. 
Printing.      The  art  of  making  impressions  on  paper,  etc.,  by  the  use 

of  inked  type  and  plates. 
Steel-engraving.     The  art  of  cutting  designs  into  steel  plate. 
Stipple-engraving.     A  process  of  engraving  in  which  dots  and  not 
tines  are  used  to  produce  shadings. 


ype-printing,  etc.     See  Printing. 
Wood-engraving.     The  cutting  of  a  design  in  wood  in  relief. 
Xylography.     The  art  of  engraving  in  colors  in  wood. 
Zincography.     Making  of  zinc  type  by  marking  the  letters  on  a  zinc 
plate  with  ink  and  cutting  away  the  unprotected  part  with  acid. 

Engraving — Denotations,  etc. 
Aquatint.     An  engraving  in  which  spaces  are  bitten  by  the  use  of 

aqua  fortis,  resembling  a  drawing  in  water-colors. 
Autotype.     A  facsimile. 
Bur.     The  thin  edge  left  by  a  tool  in  cutting  or  shaping  metal,  as  in 

turning,  engraving,  etc. 
Cerograph.     A  writing  on  wax. 
Chromolithograph.     A  picture  printed  in  tints  and  colors  by  repeated 

impressions  from  a  series  of  stones  prepared  by  the  lithographic 

process. 
Copperplate.      A  plate  of  polished  copper  on  which  a  design  or 

writing  is  engraved. 
Cul-de-lampe  [F.].     Ornamental  work  to  fill  out  a  page. 
Cut.     An  engraved  block  or  plate. 
Engraving.     An  impression  from  an  engraved  plate,  block  of  wood. 

or  other  material. 
Etching.     A  design  carried  out  by  means  of  acid  which  eats  away 

lines  or  surfaces  left  unprotected  in  metal,  glass,  or  the  like. 
Glyphograph.     A  plate  made  by  a  process  in  which,  by  means  ot 

voltaic  electricity  a  raised  copy  of  a  drawing  is  made. 
Glyptograph.     An  engraving  on  precious  stones. 
Graphotype.     A  process  for  producing  a  design  upon  a  surface  in 

relief  so  that  it  can  be  printed  from. 
Heliotype.     A  picture  obtained  by  the  process  of  heliotypy. 
Illumination.     Adornment  of  books  and  manuscripts  with  colored 

illustrations. 
Illustration.     A  picture  designed  to  decorate  a  volume. 
Impression.     A  print  on  paper  from  a  wood  block,  metal  plate,  or 

the  like. 
Initial  letter.     The  first  letter  of  a  chapter,  division  of  a  chapter,  or 

verse;  often  elaborately  painted  and  gilded. 
Lignograph.     A  print  made  by  lignography. 
Lithograph.     A  print  made  by  lithography. 
Lithotint.     A  kind  of  lithography  by  which  the  effect  of  a  tinted 

drawing  is  produced. 
Mezzotint.     An  engraving  by  mezzotint. 
Mordant.     Biting;  caustic. 
Photogravure.     A  photoengraving. 

Photolithograph.     A  lithographic  picture  or  copy  from  a  stone  pre- 
pared by  the  aid  of  photography. 
Plate.     A  piece  of  metal  on  which  anything  is  engraved. 
Print.     Stamp  or  die  formolding  or  impressing  an  ornamental  design. 
Steelplate.     A  plate  used  for  engraving. 
Stereotype.     A  plate  forming  an  exact  facsimile  of  a  page  of  type  or 

an  engraving. 
Tailpiece.     An  ornament  placed  at  the  bottom  of   a  short  page  to 

fill  up  the  space. 
Vignette.     Any  picture,  as  an  engraving,  a  photograph,  or  the  like, 

which  vanishes  gradually  at  the  edge. 
Woodcut.     An  engraving  on  wood. 
Xylograph.     An  engraving  on  wood. 
Zincograph.     An  engraving  on  zinc. 

Engraving — Nouns  of  Instrument. 
Burin.     A  tcol  used  in  engraving. 

Die.     A  stamp  of  hard  substance  used  to  form  coins,  etc 
Etching-point.     A  kind  of  needle  used  in  tracing  lines. 
Graver.     A  tool  used  for  incising  by  engravers. 
Negative.     A  picture  having  the  lights  and  shades  reversed,  trom 

which  ordinary  photographs  are  made. 
Plate.     An  engraved  piece  of  metal -from  which  prints  are  made. 
Punch.     A  steel  tool  used  in  making  holes. 
Stamp.     A  tool  used  for  marking  by  impressions. 
Stone.     A  stone  (or  metal)  used  in  printing. 
Style.     An  etching-needle. 
Wood-block.     A  block  of  wood  prepared  for  engraving 

Engraving — Verbs. 
Bite.     To  corrode  with  an  acid. 
Bite  in.     To  cut  in  with  a  mordant. 
Engrave.     To  cut  a  design  into  something. 
Etch.     To  engrave  by  the  use  of  a  mordant. 
Grave.     To  cut  out  with  an  instrument. 
Jmprimit  [L.].     He  engraved  it. 

Lithograph,  etc.     To  print  by  the  lithographic  method.     See  Nounx 
Print.     To  make  impressions  by  the  use  of  inked  type  or  plates. 
Scrape.     To  rub  the  surface  of  with  a  hard  instrument. 
Sculpsit  [LJ.     He  sculptured. 
Stipple.     To  engrave  with  dots  instead  of  lines. 


ENGRAVING. 


339 


ENLARGEMENT— DIMINUTION. 


Engraving — Adjectives.         , 
Engraved.     Having  a  design  cut  upon  it. 
Insculptured.     Having  incised  or  raised  designs  cut  into. 

en-gross'.  To  transcribe;  to  absorb.  Holding-Ex- 
emption, Writing-Printing;  engross  the  thought, 
Heed-Disregard,  Re  flection- Vacancy. 

en-gulf.  To  overwhelm  completely.  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Creation-Destruction,  Spring-Dive. 

en-hance'.  To  augment;  to  elevate.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Increase-Decrease. 

en"-har-mon'-ic.  Having  intervals  less  than  a  half- 
step.  Melody-Dissonance;  enharmonic  scale,  Mel- 
ody-Dissonance. 

e-nig'-ma.  A  riddle.  Investigation-Answer,  Tid- 
ings-Mystery. 

e"-nig-mat'-ic.  Obscure;  puzzling.  Certainty-Doubt, 
Clearness-Obscurity. 

e"-nig-mat'-ic-al.    Obscure.    Clearness-Obscurity. 

4nigme,  mot  d*  [F.]  (e-nigm',  mo  d').  The  answer  to  a 
puzzle.    Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 


en-join'.  To  command;  to  urge.  Advice,  Duty- 
Dereliction,  Order. 

en-joy'.  To  delight  in.  Holding-Exemption,  Sensu- 
ality-Suffering; enjoy  a  state,  Condition-Situa- 
tion; enjoy  health,  Health-Sickness. 

en-joy'-ing.  Delighting  in.  Pleasure-Pain,  Sensu- 
ality-Suffering. 

en-joy'-ment.     Delight.     Pleasure-Pain. 

en-kin'-dle.  To  set  on  fire.  Excitation,  Heating- 
Cooling. 

en-large'.  To  increase.  Enlargement-Diminution, 
Increase-Decrease,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Re- 
lease-Restraint, Terseness-Prolixity;  enlarge 
the  mind,  Education-Misteaching. 

en-larged'.  Expanded.  Supremacy-Subordinacy  , 
enlarged  views,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

en-large'-ment.  The  act  of  enlarging;  expansion. 
Enlargement-Diminution,  Increase-Decrease, 
Release-Restraint. 


ENLARGEMENT— DIMINUTION. 


Accretion.     Growth  by  the  addition  of  new  matter. 
Aggrandizement.     Increase  of  wealth,  power,  etc. 
Ampliation.      Diffuseness. 
Amplification.     Elaboration. 
Augmentation.     Mode  of  increasing. 

Development.     The  unwrapping  of  what  has  been  entirely  shut  out 
■  from  view. 

Dilatability .     Act  of  widening  out. 
Dilation.     Act  of  expanding. 
Dispansion.     A  spreading  out. 
Distention       A  spreading  out  in  every  direction. 
Enlargement.     The  act  of  becoming  greater  in  extent. 
Expansibility.     Ability  to  be  spread  out  by  unfolding. 
Expansion.      Process  of  spreading  out  by  unfolding. 
Extension.     The  act  of  stretching  out  to  include  a  greater  space. 
Germination.     The  beginning  of  growth  in  the  seed. 
Growth.      Natural  and  gradual  increase. 
Growth  upward.      Increase  in  height. 
Increase  of  size,  etc.     See  Increase. 
Increment.     Act  or  process  of  increasing. 
Inflation.     Undue  swelling  as  if  by  air  being  blown  in. 
Intumescence.     Act  or  process  of  enlarging. 
Overdistension.     Excessive  distension. 
Overgrowth.     Excessive  growth. 
Puffiness.     State  of  being  puffy. 
Puffing.     Strong  breathing. 
Pullulation.     Sprouting. 

Rarefaction.     Increase  of  volume  without  increase  of  mass. 
Spread.     Widening  in  any  sense  or  way. 
Superiority  of  size.     Greatness  as  compared  with  some  other  object. 

„      ..."       J1  Enlargement  in  volume. 

Tumefaction.     Act  or  process  of  swelling  or  raising  into  a  tumor. 

Turgescence.      Bombast. 

Turgidity.     State  of  being  puffed  or  swollen. 

lurgidness.     State  of  being  swollen. 

Upgrowth.     An  enlargement  upward. 

Enlargement — Denotations, 

Buib.     The  enlarged  part  of  a  root.     See  Convexity. 
Diastole.     The  expansion  or  dilation  of  the  heart  and  arteries. 
Dropsy.     A  swelling  of  the  body  caused  by  an  unnatural  collection  of 

serous  fluid. 
Hypertrophy.     The  excessive  development  of  an  organ  or  part  of  the 

body. 
Obesity.     The  state  of  being  excessively  corpulent.     See  Greatness. 
Pandiculation.     A  stretching  of  the  trunk  and  extremities. 
Plumper,     One  who,  or  that  which,  plumps  or  swells  out  something 

else. 
Tumor.     A  morbid  swelling  or  growth  on  any  part  of  the  body. 
Tymp&r'y.     A  flatulent  distention  of  the  belly. 

Enlargement— Verbs. 

Aggrandize.     To  increase  in  power  and  influence. 
Amplify.     To  elaborate . 


Astringency.     The  quality  or  power  of  drawing  together  organic 

tissues. 
Attenuation.     Thinness. 
Collapse.     A  falling  together. 

Compactness.     The  condition  of  being  close  together. 
Compendium.     A  short  introduction  into  a  subject. 
Compressibility.     Ability  to  be  pressed  into  a  smaller  volume. 
Compression.     The  state  of  being  pressed  into  a  smaller  compass. 
Condensation.     The  state  of  being  reduced  to  a  smaller  volume. 
Contractility.     The  quality  of  drawing  together. 
Contraction.     The  state  of  being  drawn  together. 
Corrugation.     Contraction  into  alternate  ridges  and  furrows. 
Decrease  of  size,  etc.     See  Increase-Decrease. 
Decrement.     That  which  is  taken  away. 

Defalcation.     Reduction  of  a  claim  by  subtracting  a  counter  claim. 
Diminution.     Becoming  less. 
Inferiority  in  size. 
Lessening.     Becoming  less. 
Reduction.     The  state  of  having  come  to  a  lower  from  a  higher 

position  or  plane. 
Shrinking.     Drawing  together. 
Squeezing.     A  contraction  by  weight  or  force. 

Diminution — Denotations. 

Astringents.  Medicines  or  other  substances  that  produce  contrac- 
tion in  the  soft  organic  textures. 

Atrophy.     A  wasting  away  from  want  of  nourishment. 

Coarctation.     A  stricture  or  narrowing,  as  of  a  canal  or  orifice 

Consumption.  A  pulmonary  disease  which  causes  a  wasting  away  of 
the  body. 

Emaciation.     The  state  of  being  reduced  to  excessive  leanness. 

Hour-glass.  A  glass  vessel  having  two  compartments,  from  the 
uppermost  of  which  a  quantity  of  sand  occupies  an  hour  in  run- 
ning through  a  small  opening  into  the  lower. 

Marasmus.     A  wasting  of  flesh  without  apparent  disease. 

Neck.     A  reduction  in  size  near  the  end  of  an  object. 

Sclerotics.     What  pertains  to  sclerosis. 

Strangulation.  Inordinate  compression  or  constriction  of  a  tube,  as 
of  the  throat. 

Systole.     The  contraction  of  the  heart  and  arteries. 

Tabefaction.     A  gradual  losing  of  flesh  by  disease. 

Diminution — Verbs. 

Attenuate.     To  become  thin . 

Become  small;  become  smaller.     Diminish. 

Bedwarf.     To  hinder  the  growth  of. 

Be  smaller  than.     To  be  less  than  another  thing. 

Chip.     To  diminish  by  breaking  off  small  pieces. 

Circumscribe,  etc.     To  set  bounds  to,  etc.     See  Conpinbmbmt* 

Coarctate .     Contract. 

Collapse.     To  fall  together. 

Compress.     To  press  together. 

Condense.     To  bring  to  occupy  a  smaller  volume. 

Constringe.l  To  draw  to^her  "»'  "  P™'- 
Contract.     To  draw  together  as  a  body. 


ENLARGEMENT. 


340 


ENLIGHTENMENT. 


ENLARGEMENT—  DIMINUTION— Continued. 


ENLARGEMENT— Verbs— Continued. 


Become  larger,  etc.l  ~     „ 

Be  larger  than.         J  See  Greatness. 


Blow  up.     To  praise  excessively. 
Bourgeon.     To  bud. 
Bud.     To  grow,  as  a  bud  does. 

Burst.     To  expand  so  much  as  to  fly  apart  into  pieces. 
Cram.     To  fill  forcibly. 

Deploy.     To  extend  in  front  of  an  army  by  decreasing  the  depth. 
!  Develop.     To  bring  forth  what  has  been  entirely  hidden. 
Dilate.     To  widen  out. 
Distend.     To  spread  out  in  every  direction. 
Enlarge.     To  make  greater  in  extent. 
Exaggerate.     To  make  or  represent  in  undue  proportions. 
Expand.     To  spread  out  by  unfolding. 
Extend.     To  stretch  or  reach  out. 
Fatten.     To  lay  on  fat. 


Fill  out.      )  „ 


Gainflesh.J  ^  become  plump. 

Gather.     To  come  together. 

Germinate.     To  sprout. 

Grow.     To  increase  naturally  and  gradually. 

row    es   .  (  -pQ  jncrease  [n  weight  and  size. 
Grow  up.     ) 

Incrassate.     To  become  tnicker. 
Increase.     To  add  to. 
Inflate.     To  swell  by  blowing  air  in. 
Magnify.     To  increase  magnitude  of. 
Mantle.     To  spread  out  in  a  graceful  manner. 
Open.     To  disclose. 

Outgrow.     To  grow  too  large  for  something. 

Overrun.     To  become  of  such  volume  as  to  flow  over  the  boundaries. 
Pad.     To  increase  for  the  sake  of  appearance. 
Puff.     To  give  exaggerated  praise. 
Pullulate.     To  multiply  by  sprouting. 
Put  forth.     To  grow. 

Rarefy.     To  increase  the  volurhe,  but  not  the  mass. 
Render  larger,  etc.     See  Greatness. 
Shoot.     To  increase  in  length. 
Spread.     To  extend  the  surface  of. 
Spread  like  wild-fire.     To  spread  very  fast. 
Spread  out.     To  become  larger  in  breadth. 
Spring  up.     To  increase  in  height. 
Sprout.     To  burst  forth  from  the  stem. 
Stretch       To  reach  out. 
Stuff.     To  cram. 

Surpass.     To  excel  in  quality,  etc.     See  sub  Superiority. 
Swell.     To  increase  in  size. 
Take  open  order.     To  take  a  position  at  a  certain  distance  from 

another. 
Vegetate.     To  grow. 
Wax.     To  grow. 
Widen.     To  broaden. 

Enlargement — Adjectives. 
Big.      Of  great  size. 
Bigswoln.     Swelled  to  a  great  size. 
Bloated .      Distended  by  fluid  or  gas. 
Blowzy.      Having  a  fat,  red  face. 
Bulbous,  etc.     Having  bulbs.     See  Convexity. 
Distended.     Spread  out  in  every  direction. 
Dropsical.     Affected  with  dropsy. 
Exaggerated.     Represented  in  undue  proportions. 
Expanded,  etc.     Unfolded.     See  Verbs. 
Expansive.     Stretching  out  to  a  great  distance. 
Fat.     Fleshy. 

Flabelliform.      Spread  out  like  a  fan . 
Full-blown.    \  n        ...  ,    . 

Full-formedJ  Completely  expanded. 

Full-grown. 

Hypertrophied.     Having  an  excessive  growth. 

Larger, etc.     Of  greater  size.     See  Greatness. 

Obese.      Large  in  body. 

Oede  matous .     Dropsical . 

Overgrown.     Larger  than  normal  growth. 


DIMINUTION— Verbs— Continued. 

Corrugate.     To  contract  into  alternate  ridges  and  furrows. 

Cramp.     To  restrain  the  action. 

Crumple  up.     To  crush  into  a  mass. 

Crush.     To  mash. 

Decay.     To  decompose.     See  sub  Deterioration. 

To  become  less.     See  Increasb-Dbcrbasb. 


Decrease,  etc.) 


Diminish. 

Draw  in.     To  make  less. 

Dwarf.     To  stunt  the  growth  of. 

Dwindle.     To  decrease  gradually. 

Ebb.     To  fail. 

Fall  away.     To  decrease  in  size . 

Fall  short  of.     To  be  below  a  required  size. 

File.     To  wear  away  with  a  file. 

Grind.     To  wear  away  with  a  grindstone. 

Grow  less.     To  become  smaller. 

Lessen.     To  cause  to  become  less. 

Lose  flesh.     To  become  thin. 

Narrow.     To  make  less  wide. 

Not  come  up  to.     See  Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

Pack.     To  place  together  tightly. 

Pare.     To  take  off  from  the  outside. 

Pinch.     To  squeeze  tightly. 

Purse  up.     To  wrinkle. 

Reduce.     To  bring  from  a  higher  to  a  lower  level. 

Render  smaller.     Cause  to  decrease. 

Restrain.     To  hold  within  bounds. 

Rub  down.     To  make  smooth  by  rubbing. 

Scrape .     To  rub  off  from  the  surface . 

Sh  art  ^°  rec^uce  by  cutting  off. 

Shorten.     To  decrease  the  length  of. 

Shrink.     To  contract. 

Shrivel.     To  form  wrinkles. 

Squeeze.     To  press  tightly. 

Stow.     To  cut  off. 

Strangle.     To  compress  the  neck. 

Tighten.     To  make  tight. 

Wane.     To  decrease. 

Warp.     To  decrease  in  size. 

Waste.     To  diminish  by  needless  use. 

Wither.     To  shrink  and  become  limp. 

Wizen.     To  wither. 

Diminution — Adjectives. 

Astringent.     Causing  flesh  to  draw  together. 

Compact.     Placed  close  together. 

Compressible.     Able  to  be  compressed. 

Contracted,  etc.     Drawn  together.     See  Verbs. 

Contractile.      Having  the  quality  of  contraction. 

Contracting.     Drawing  together.     See  Verbs. 

Neap.     Low. 

Shrunk.     Drawn  up  into  wrinkles. 

Smaller,  etc.     Of  less  size.     See  Greatness-Littleness. 

Strangulated.     Constricted. 

Stunted.     Checked  in  growth. 

Tabid.     Wasted  by  disease. 

Unexpanded,  etc.     Undeveloped.     See  Enlargement. 

Waning.     Decreasing. 

Wizened.     To  be  shriveled. 


ENLARGEMENT— Adjectives— Continued. 

Patulous.     Spreading  slightly. 

Pot-bellied.     Having  a  protuberant  belly. 

Puffy.     Distended  by  air  or  something  soft. 

Pursy.     Fat 

Swag-bellied .     Having  a  protuberant  belly. 

Swollen.     Increased  in  bulk. 

Tumid.     Swollen  by  an  alteration  of  the  internal  structure. 

Turgid.     Swollen  by  something  put  in. 


en-league'.    To  unite  in  a  league.    Association. 
en-light'-en.     To  instruct;  to  brighten.     Education- 

MlSTE ACHING,  EnLIGHTENMENT-SeCRECY. 

en-light'-ened.     Highly    civilized;    possessing     knowl- 


edge.    Knowledge-Ignorance. 
en-light'-en-ment.      Moral    and    intellectual   advance- 
ment.    Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Knowledge-Ig- 

NORANCr. 


ENLIGHTENMENT. 


341 


ENLIGHTENMENT— SECRECY. 


ENLIGHTENMENT— SECRECY. 


Acquaintance.     Information  about  a  person  or  thing  acquired  from 

experience. 
Acquainting,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Announcement.     The  public  proclamation  of  a  piece  of  information. 
Annunciation.     The  act  of  announcing. 
Broad  hint.     A  very  slight  mention  or  allusion. 
Communication .     Message . 
Communicativeness.     Tendency  to  talk. 
Enlightenment.     The  state  of  being  supplied  with  morally  useful 

information. 
Enunciation.     An  announcement. 
Hint.     An  indirect  allusion. 
Information.     Knowledge  gained. 
Instruction,  etc      Teaching.     See  Education. 
Intercommunication.     Correspondence. 
Intimation.     Information  given  in  an  indirect  way. 
Knowledge,  etc.     All  acquired  information.     See  Knowledge. 
Mention.     Calling  of  attention  to  indirectly, 
Notice.     Formal  public  information . 
Notification.     The  act  of  giving  information. 
Presentment.     The  act  of  presenting  information. 
Publicity,  etc.     The  state  of  being  a  piece  of  common  information. 

See  Publicity. 
Representation.     An  assertion  of  fact. 
Word  in  the  ear.     Secret  information. 

Enlightenment — Denotations. 

Account,  etc.     See  Account. 

Advice.  An  opinion  recommended  or  offered,  as  worthy  to  be  fol- 
lowed. 

Byplay.     Action  carried  on  aside,  while  the  main  action  proceeds. 

Case.     That  which  befalls,  comes,  or  happens. 

Cue.     A  hint  or  intimation. 

Estimate.  An  opinion  or  judgment  formed  without  using  precise 
data. 

Gentle  hint.     A  slight  mention. 

Gesture,  etc.     See  Sign. 

Inkling.     A  hint. 

Innuendo.     A  remote  allusion  or  reference,  usually  derogatory. 

Insinuation.     A  suggestion  by  distant  allusion. 

Monition.     Instruction  or  advice  given  by  way  of  caution. 

News,  etc.     See  Tidings. 

Passing  word.     A  word  spoken  in  passing. 

Report.     A  story  or  statement  circulating  by  common  talk. 

Return.     Formal  report  on  an  action  performed.     See  Mark. 

Round-robin.  A  written  petition,  protest,  etc.,  the  signatures  to 
which  are  written  in  a  circle  so  as  not  to  indicate  who  signed  first. 

Gazetteer.     A  geographical  dictionary. 

Guide.     One  who,  or  that  which,  directs  another. 

Guide-book.     A  book  of  directions  and  information  for  travelers. 

Informant.  |  Qne  who  imparts  information. 

Informer.    > 

Intelligencer.     One  who,  or  that  which,  conveys  news. 

Itinerary.     A  register  of  places  and  distances.     See  Traveling. 

Manual.     A  handbook. 

Map.     A  representation  of  some  portion  of  the  earth's  surface. 

Messenger,  etc.     See  Messenger. 

Mouchard  [F.].     A  police-spy. 

Mouthpiece.     One  who  delivers  the  opinion  of  others. 

Newsmonger.     One  who  is  active  in  hearing  and  telling  news. 

Pilot.     A  guide,  especially  of  a  vessel. 

Plan.     A  representation  drawn  on  a  plane,  as  a  map  or  chart. 

Reporter.     One  who  collects  news  for  a  newspaper. 

Specification.     The  designation  of  particulars. 

Statement,  etc.     See  Assertion. 

Subaudition.  The  act  of  .understanding  or  supplying  something  not 
expressed. 

Suggestion.     A  hint. 

Verbum  sapientt  [L.].     A  word  to  the  wise ;  a  sufficient  hint. 
Whisper,     Something  communicated  in  secret  or  by  whispering. 
Word  in  the  end.     A  suggestion. 

Word  to  the  wise.     A  sufficient  hint. 

Enlightenment — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Amicus  curim  [L.§.     A  friend  of  the  court. 

Authority.  A  person  whose  opinion  is  worthy  to  be  taken  as  a  pre- 
cedent. 

Chart.     A  paper  on  which  information  is  exhibited. 

Cicerone  [It.].  One  who  shows  strangers  the  curiosities  of  a  place, 
and  orates  like  Cicero . 

Delator.     An  informer. 


Arriere  penste  [F.].     Mental  reservation. 

Closeness.     State  of  being  close  or  secret. 

Concealment.     The  act  or  state  of  keeping  out  of  sight. 

Disguise.  Artificial  language  or  manner  assumed  for  secrecy  or 
deception.     See  Hidingplace. 

Evasion.     Artful  means  of  avoiding  discovery. 

Hiding.     The  act  of  putting  out  of  sight. 

Incognita  [L.].  The  assumption  of  disguise  or  of  a  feigned 
character. 

Latency,  etc.  The  state  of  not  being  visible  or  apparent.  See  Mani- 
festation-Latency. 

Latitancy.     The  state  of  lying  in  concealment. 

Latitation.     A  lying  in  concealment. 

Mental  reservation.  The  failure  to  disclose  something  that  afreets  a 
statement,  promise,  etc.,  which  would  change  its  import. 

Misprision.     Concealment. 

Mystery.     Something  kept  cautiously  concealed. 

Mystification.     Concealing  by  confusing  designedly. 

Obreption.     The  act  of  creeping  upon  secretly. 

Occupation.  The  concealing  of  one  heavenly  body  by  the  interven- 
tion of  another. 

Privacy.     The  condition  of  being  in  a  concealed  position. 

Reserve.     The  act  of  keeping  back,  or  out  of  sight. 

Reticence.     The  state  of  keeping  silence. 

Seclusion.     Separation  from  society. 

Secrecy.     The  condition  or  quality  of  being  concealed. 

Secret.     Something  concealed  from  view  or  knowledge. 

Secretiveness.     Disposition  or  tendency  to  conceal.     See  Adjectives. 

Secretness.     The  state  of  being  concealed. 

Silence.     Secrecy,  etc.     See  Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

Slyness.     The  state  of  being  marked  by  cunning  secrecy.    See  Craft. 

Stealth.     A  concealed  manner  of  acting. 

Stealthiness.     The  state  of  acting  secretly. 

Suppression.  I  Act     of     suppressing.     See     Tkuthfulness- 

Suppression  of  truth.)       Falsehood. 

Underhand  dealing.     Secret  or  unfair  dealing. 

White  lie.  A  lie  one  finds  it  convenient  to  tell  and  excuses  himself 
for  telling. 

Secrecy — Nouns  of  Agency. 

Cryptography.     A  system  of  cipher- writing. 

Free-masonry.     The  rites  or  practises  of  a  secret  organization. 

IBding-place.etc.  A  place  of  concealment  See  Exposure-Hiding- 
place. 

Masked  battery.  A  battery  so  placed  as  not  to  be  seen  by  an  enemy 
until  it  opens  fire. 

Masquerade.  An  assembly  of  persons  wearing  masks,  and  amusing 
themselves  with  dancing,  etc. 

Screen.  Anything  that  hides  or  conceals.  See  Exposure-Hiding- 
place. 

Steganography.     The  art  of  writing  in  concealed  characters. 

Secrecy — Figurative  Expressions. 

Seal  of  secrecy.     Agreement  to  be  concealed. 

Snake  in  the  grass.     A  concealed  danger;  a  deceptive  person. 

Secrecy — Verbs. 

Bamboozle,  etc.     To  impose  upon.     See  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

Becloud.     To  conceal  by  obscuring. 

Be  concealed,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Befog.     To  conceal  as  by  a  fog. 

Bemask.     To  conceal  by  disguising. 

Blindfold.     To  conceal  by  covering  the  eyes. 

Blind  the  eyes.     To  conceal  by  deception. 

Bottle  up.      To  conceal  by  enclosing. 

Bury.     To  conceal  by  covering  up. 

Bury  one's  talents   in   a  napkin.     To  hide  one's  natural    ability, 

[Bible.] 
Cloak.     To  disguise. 

Close  the  curtain.     To  conceal  by  covering. 
Conceal.     To  keep  out  of  sight. 
Couch.     To  conceal  in  a  form  of  words. 
Cover.     To  overlay  with  something  so  as  to  conceal. 
Curtain.     To  conceal  by  hanging  something  in  front  of. 
Disguise.     To  conceal  by  changing  the  appearance  of. 
Draw  the  curtain,  j  Tq  hide  of  CQnceal  fa 
Draw  the  veil.       > 

Eclipse.     To  conceal  by  casting  a  shadow. 
Ensconce.     To  conceal  securely 
Fence  with  a  question.     To  conceal  one's  own  position  by  asking 

questions. 


ENLIGHTENMENT. 


342 


ENLIGHTENMENT— SECRECY. 


ENLIGHTENMENT— SECRECY— Continued. 


'  To  become  aware  of. 


ENLIGHTENMENT— Nouns  op  Agent— Continued. 

Detective.  One  whose  business  is  to  detect  criminals  or  discover 
matters  of  secrecy. 

Eavesdropper.     A  secret  listener. 

Exponent.  One  who  stands  as  a  representative  or  upholder  of  prin- 
ciples. 

Spy.  One  who  is  sent  secretly  into  an  enemy's  camp  to  inspect  his 
works,  etc. 

Teller.  One  who  tells  or  communicates ;  or  keeps  tally  and  counts, 
as  money. 

Valet  de  place  [F.].     A  stranger's  guide. 

Vade  tnecum  [L,j.     Go  with  me ;  a  constant  companion 

Enlightenment — Verbs. 

Acquaint  with.     To  inform  in  all  details. 

Advise.     To  inform  in  a  formal  manner. 

Allude  to.     To  refer  to  indirectly. 

Announce.     To  inform  in  a  public  manner. 

Annunciate.     To  bring  tidings. 

Apprise.     To  inform  of  something  of  personal  interest. 

Awaken.     To  begin  to  learn.  V 

Awaken  to.     To  become  aware  of. 

Become  alive  to. 

Become  awake  to.  J 

Be  informed  of,  etc.  To  know  from  information,  etc.  See  Knowl- 
edge. 

Breathe.     To  inform  by  a  mere  suggestion. 

Bring  word.     To  inform  by  a  message. 

Come  to  one's  ears.  I  To   receive  information    in    an    indirect 

Come  to  one's  knowledge./      manner. 

Communicate.     To  impart  information  to  others. 

Convey  the  knowledge  to.     To  inform . 

Correct.     To  rectify  error. 

Direct  the  attention  to,  etc.     See  Heed. 

Disabuse.     To  remove  a  false  idea  from. 

Disclose,  etc.  To  inform  of  something  before  concealed,  etc.  See 
Exposure. 

Drop  a  hint .    Suggest . 

Eavesdrop.     To  pry  into  or  overhear  private  conversation. 

Enlighten,     To  impart  useful  information  to. 

Explain,  etc.     To  make  plain,  etc.     See  Interpretation. 

Express.     To  set  forth  a  piece  of  information. 

Gather  from.     To  form  an  idea  from. 

Get  scent  of.     To  learn  a  secret. 

Give  a  bit  of  one's  mind.  To  express  one's  own  opinions,  generally 
as  a  reproof. 

Give  a  hint.     Suggest. 

Give  an  account,  etc.     See  Account. 

Give  an  inkling  of.     To  inform  in  an  indirect  manner  by  a  hint. 

Give  notice.     To  announce. 

Give  one  to  understand.  To  inform  in  a  threatening  or  reproving 
manner. 

Give  the  cue.     To  intimate. 

Glance  at.     To  make  a  slight  intimation. 

Have  one  to  know.     See  Give  one  to  understand. 

Hear.     To  be  informed  by  hearing. 

Hint.     To  suggest  indirectly. 

Impart.     To  share  a  piece  of  information  with  another. 

Impart  to.     To  give  information  to. 

Inform.     To  tell  a  matter  of  fact  to  one  who  did  not  know  it  before. 

Inform  of.     To  impart  information  about. 

Insinuate.     To  inform  by  indirect  means  as  an  artifice. 

Instruct, etc.     See  Education. 

Intimate.     To  inform  indirectly  because  of  indecision. 

Know,  etc.     See  Knowledge. 

Lay  before.     To  present  to  view. 

Learn, etc.     See  Learning. 

Leave  word.     To  leave  a  message. 

Let  fall.     To  inform  as  if  by  accident. 

Let  one  know.     To  inform  one. 

Make  acquainted  with.     See  Acquaint  with. 

Make  an  allusion  to.     See  Allude  to. 

Make  known.     To  tell  or  announce  to. 

Mention.     To  inform  of  without  describing. 

Notify.     To  inform  by  any  means. 

Open  one's  eyes  to.     To  become  aware  of. 

Open  the  eyes  of.     To  make  aware  of. 

Overhear.  To  hear  accidentally  or  intentionally  words  not  intended 
for  the  hearer. 

Point  out.     To  inform  of  by  pointing. 

Prompt.     To  mention  what  is  next  to  be  said. 


SECRECY— Verbs— Continued. 

Hide.     To  put  out  of  sight. 

Hide  in  holes  and  corners.     To  put  in  unusual  places. 

Hide  oneself.     To  get  out  of  sight. 

Hide  one's  light  under  a  bushel.     To  conceal  one's  own   ability 

[Bible.] 
Hold  one's  tongue,  etc.     See  Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 
Hoodwink.     To  conceal  from,  as  if  by  blinding. 
Hush  up.     To  make  silent. 
Ignore,  etc.     To  pass  as  unworthy  of  notice.     See  Carefulness^ 

Carelessness. 
Keep  a  secret.     To  keep  something  concealed. 
Keep  back.     To  hold  back  from  general  knowledge. 
Keep  close,  i  ™    , 
Keep  dark./  To  keep  secret. 

Keep  from.     To  withhold  from . 

Keep  from  view.     To  withhold  from  view. 

Keep  in  ignorance.     Not  to  tell  to  some  one. 

Keep  in  the  background.     To  conceal  by  putting  in  an  unimportant 

position. 
Keep  in  the  dark.     To  conceal. 
Keep  in  the  shade.     To  conceal. 

Keep  one's  own  counsel.     To  conceal  one's  own  plana. 
Keep  out  of  sight.  ■ 
Keep  out  of  view. 
Keep  secret.  I  To  conceal. 

Keep  snug. 
Keep  to  oneself,     J 

Leave  in  ignorance.  \  «,       ...    . ,  , 

Leave  in  the  dark.    j  To  withhold  from. 

Lie  close.     To  lie  in  a  concealed  position. 

Lie  hid.     To  be  out  of  sight. 

Lie  in  ambush.     To  He  in  wait  for. 

Lie  perdu.     To  lie  in  concealment. 

Lock  up.     To  withhold. 

Lurk.     To  lie  hidden .  as  in  ambush 

Make  no  sign.     To  wish  to  remain  unknown. 

Mask.     To  cover  by  way  of  concealment. 

Muffle.     To  prevent  seeing  or  hearing  by  wraps  bound  around  the 

head. 
Mystify.     To  make  secret. 
Not  breathe  a  syllable  about. 
Not  breathe  a  word.     To  keep  entirely  secret. 
Not  let  it  go  further.     To  conceal  it  for  the  future. 
Not  let  the  right  hand  know  what  the  left  is  doing.     To  do  or  act  with 

the  greatest  secrecy.     [Bible.] 

Play  at  bopeep.  \  „,  .  ., 

->.  *     -fi         j        .     f  To  conccr.l  oneself. 
Play  at  hide  and  seek. J 

Prowl.     To  go  about  secretly. 

Put  out  of  sight.     To  hide . 

Puzzle,  etc.     To  keep  in  ignorance  by  perplexing.     See  Cbrtaiwty- 

Doubt. 
Reserve.     To  withhold  for  the  present. 
Retire  from  sight.     To  withdraw  from  sight. 
Screen.     To  conceal  by  something  that  cuts  off  the  view. 
Screen  from  observation.  \  T    ,. , 
Screen  from  sight.  > 

Seal.     To  conceal  securely. 

Seclude  oneself.     To  conceal  oneself  from  company. 
Secrete.     To  conceal  from  observation,  or  f~om  the  knowledge  of 

others. 
Shade.     To  hide  so  as  not  to  be  injured. 
Shroud.     To  conceal  by  covering  completely. 
Sink.     To  put  out  of  observation 
Skulk.     To  keep  hidden  from  an  evil  motive. 
Slink.     To  creep  away  secretly  as  a  result  of  meanness. 
Smother.     To  conceal  by  suppressing. 
Sneak.     To  move  in  a  fearful  manner  as  a  result  of  shame 
Steal  along.     To  move  in  a  concealed  manner. 
Steal  by.       ^ 

Steal  into.      >  To  move  quietly  and  without  being  observed. 
Steal  out  of. ) 

Stifle.     To  conceal  from  public  knowledge  by  suppressing. 
Suffer  an  eclipse.     To  be  temporarily  obscured. 
Suppress.     To  prevent  from  being  made  public. 
Throw  a  veil  over.     To  conceal  by  covering. 
Throw  in  the  background.     See  Keep  in  the  background 
Throw  into  the  shade.     To  conceal  in  an  obscure  position. 
Veil.     To  conceal  as  by  a  covering. 
Whisper.     To  speak  in  a  low  voice  as  not  to  be  heard. 
Withhold.     To  keep  from  sight  or  hearing. 


ENLIGHTENMENT. 


343 


ENLIGHTENMENT— SECRECY. 


ENLIGHTENMENT— SECRECY— Continued. 


ENLIGHTENMENT— Verbs— Continued. 

Publish,  etc.     See  Publicity. 

Put  before.     See  Lay  before. 

Put  into  one's  head.     To  suggest  an  idea. 

Put  one  in  possession  of.     To  give  information  to. 

Reach  one's  ears.     To  hear  indirectly. 

Render  an  account.     See  Give  an  account. 

f  To  give  information  obtained  by  investigation. 
Report  progress.-* 

Represent.     To  bring  before  the  mind. 

Retail.     To  inform  as  a  matter  of  gossip. 

Send  word.     To  give  knowledge  of. 

Set  before.     State. 

Set  right.     To  correct. 

Show  cause.     To  give  the  reason. 

Signify.     To  make  known  by  signs  or  words. 

Speak  volumes.     To  say  or  mean  a  great  deal. 

Specify.     To  give  particulars. 

State.     To  make  known;  to  repeat.     See  Assertion. 

Suggest.     To  impart  indirectly. 

Tell.     To  inform  in  detail. 

Tell  once  for  all.     To  give  an  only  warning. 

Tell  one  plainly.     To  speak  that  one  cannot  be  misunderstood 

Throw  out  a  hint.     To  give  secret  or  indirect  information  to. 

Tip  the  wink,  etc.     See  Sign. 

Unbeguile.     To  free  from  the  influences  of  deceit. 

Undeceive.     To  free  from  deception. 

Understand.     To  be  informed  from  some  creditable  source. 

Whisper.     To  scatter  information  abroad  secretly. 

Whisper  in  the  ear.     To  give  a  hint  to. 

Write  word.     To  inform  by  a  written  message. 

Enlightenment — Adjectives. 

Communicative.     Inclined  to  be  talkative. 

Communicatory.     Imparting  information. 

Communique  [P.].     Communicated. 

Declaratory.     Making  clear  or  manifest. 

Enunciative.      Definite  in  statement. 

Explicit,  etc.     See  Manifestation. 

Expository.     Serving  to  explain. 

Expressive,  etc.     See  Meaning. 

Informed.     Made  known.     See  Verbs. 

Nuncupatory.     Oral. 

Plain-spoken,  etc.     See  Craft -Artlessness.  . 

Published.     Announced  to  the  public.     See  Publicity. 

Reported.     Publicly  known.     See  Verbs. 

Enlightenme  nt  — Phrases. 

A  little  bird  told  me.     I  will  not  tell  where  I  got  the  information. 
From  information  received. 


SECRECY — Adverbs — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Confidentially.     Secretly. 

En  tapinois  [F.].     Stealthily. 

Entre  nous  [F.].     Between  ourselves. 

Hugger-mugger.     In  a  clandestine  manner. 

In  a  whisper.     In  a  low  tone  not  to  be  generally  heard. 

In  camera  [L.jJ.     In  secret. 

Incognito,     In  a  secret  manner  under  an  assumed  name  or  character. 

In  confidence.     In  secret. 

In  holes  and  corners.     Out  of  sight. 

In  one's  sleeve.     Out  of  sight. 

In  private.  ") 

In  secret.  >  Not  to  be  made  known. 

In  strict  confidence. ) 

Inter  nos  [L.].     Between  ourselves. 

In  the  background.     Out  of  sight. 

In  the  dark,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Janut<;  clausis  [L.].     With  closed  doors. 

Like  a  thief  in  the  night.     Stealthily. 

On  the  sly.     Withou*  being  seen. 

Secretly,  etc      See  A  djectives. 

Sotto  voce  [It.].     In  an  undertone. 

Stealthily,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Sub  row  [L.1     Under  the  rose ;  privately. 

Underhand.     In  a  mean  and  secret  manner. 

Under  the  cloak  of.     Underhanded. 


Sec  r  ec  y  — A  djectives . 

Auricular.  Spoken  secretly  so  as  to  be  heard  only  by  the  cars  in* 
tended  for. 

Behind  a  screen,  etc.     See  Exposure-Hidingplacx. 

Buried.     Concealed  by  being  covered. 

Buttoned  up.     Concealed  by  closing  up. 

Cabalistic.     Concealed  under  mystery. 

Clandestine .     Kept  secret . 

Close.     Hidden  by  being  enclosed. 

Close  as  wax. 

Clouded. .  Hidden  by  being  obscured. 

Concealed,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Confidential.     Secret. 

Covert,  etc.  Concealed  for  an  evil  purpose,  etc.  See  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency. 

^jNotplMlyvident. 

Dark.     Hidden  by  a  lack  of  light. 

Esoteric.     Understood  by,  or  designed  only  for  a  few. 

Evasive.     Escaping  ready  apprehension. 

Feline.     Stealthy  like  a  cat. 

Furtive.     Slinking  like  a  thief. 

Hidden.     Put  out  of  sight. 

Hole  and  corner.     Hiding  to  promote  evil. 

In  a  cloud.     Beclouded. 

£*££kCOrn"-}  Out  of  sight. 

In  a  haze.     Indistinctly  visible. 

In  ambush.     Hidden  in  order  to  attack  without  warning. 

In  a  mist.     Hidden. 

In  disguise.     Hidden  under  an  unusual  costume. 

In  hiding.     In  an  unknown  place. 

In  petto  [L.].     Within  the  breast;  in  reserve. 

In  the  dark.     Out  of  sight. 

In  the  shade. 

Inviolable.     Not  capable  of  being  broken. 

Inviolate.     Not  broken,  as  to  be  seen. 

Invisible,  etc.     That  cannot  be  seen.     See  Visibility-Invisibility. 

Irrevealable.     That  may  not  be  brought  from  concealment. 

Mysterious,  etc.     Hidden  in  mystery.     See  Clearness-Obscurity  . 

Mystic.     Hidden  from  human  observation. 

Not  to  be  spoken  of.     Out  of  mind. 

Obreptitious.     With  secrecy  or  by  concealment  of  the  truth. 

Occult.     Hidden  from  observation  or  knowledge 

Perdu  [F.].     Hidden  from  sight. 

Private.     Hidden  from  publicity. 

Privy.     Hidden  in  seclusion. 

Recondite.     Hidden  trom  easy  perception. 

Reserved.     Kept  back  for  the  present. 

Reticent.     Habitually  concealing  by  silence. 

Secluded,  etc.     Hidden  from  others.     See  Sociability-Privacy. 

Secret.     Hidden  from  view  or  knowledge. 

Secretive.     Having  a  tendency  to  hide. 

Skulking.     Hiding  from  an  evil  motive. 

Sly,  etc.     Clever  in  doing  things  in  a  hidden  manner.     See  Craft 

Stealthy.     Acting  in  a  hidden  manner. 

Surreptitious.     Accomplished  by  secret  means. 

Taciturn,  etc.     Habitually  silent.     See  Talkativeness-Taciturn, 

ity. 
Uncommunicative.     Not  inclined  to  talk. 
Under  an  eclipse. 
Under  cover.     In  hiding. 
Underground.     Deeply  hidden. 

Underhand.      Done  in  a  treacherous  and  hidden  manner. 
Undisclosed,  etc.     See  Exposure. 
Untold,  etc.     See  Enlightenment. 
Wrapt  in  clouds.     Clouded. 

Secrecy — Adverbs. 
A  huts  clos  [P.].     With  closed  doors. 
A  la  dfrobie  [F.^.     By  stealth. 
A  la  sourdine  [F.J.     Suddenly;  stealthily. 
Aside.     Apart  from  the  rest. 

Behind  a  screen,  etc .     See  Exposure-Hidimgplao*. 
Behind  one's  back.  "\ 
Behind  the  curtain.  VIn  secret. 
Behind  the  scenes.  ) 
Between  ourselves.     1  ^    ,        ^^ 
Between  you  and  me.  t 
By  stealth. 


(Continued  on  Column  i .) 


.ENLIGHTENMENT—  SECRECY. 


344 


ENOUGH. 


SECRECY— Adverbs— Continued. 


Under  the  rose.     Privately. 

Under  the  seal  of  secrecy.     Confidentially. 

Under  the  table.     Out  of  sight. 


With  bated  breath.     In  a  whisper. 
With  closed  doors.     Secretly. 
Without  beat  of  drum.     Quietly. 


Secrecy — Phrases. 


A  couverts  [F.J.     Under  cover. 
Alitur  vitium  vivitque  tegettdo  (L.J. 
concealment. 


Vice  is  nourished  and  lives  by 


It  must  go  no  further.  1  «T  .      . 

It  will  go  no  further.   1  No  one  else  darB 
Nobody  the  wiser.     Kept  secret. 
Tell  it  not  in  Gath.     Keep  it  secret. 


en-link'.  To  join  by  links;  connect  closely.  Union- 
Disunion. 

en-list'.  To  engage  the  service  of.  Commission- 
Abrogation,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Motive- 
Caprice;  enlist  into  the  service,  Use-Disuse;  enlist 
under  the  banners  of,  Obstruction-Help. 

en-li'-ven.  To  animate.  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

en-mesh'.  To  entangle  in  meshes.  Difficulty- 
Facility. 

en'-mi-ty.  Hostility.  Amity-Hostility,  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence, Love-Hate,  Variance-Ac- 
cord. 

en-no'-ble.    To  dignify.    Reputation-Discredit. 

en"-nuf.  Mental  weariness  produced  by  satiety. 
Entertainment-Weariness. 

e-nor'-mi-ty.  Outrageous  wickedness.  Greatness- 
Littleness,  Innocence-Guilt,  Magnitude-Small- 
NESS. 

e-nor'-mous.  Very  great.  Greatness-Littleness, 
Magnitude-Smallness;  enormous  number,  Multi- 
plicity-Paucity. 

e-nor'-mous-ly.     Greatly.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

e-nough'.  Sufficient.  Discontinuance-Continuance, 
Enough,  Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Outlay-Income;  enough  -*nd  to  spare, 
Enough;  enough  in  all  conscience,  Excess-Lack; 
enough  to  drive  one  mad,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness;  know  when  one  has  had  enough,  Modera- 
tion-Selfindulgence. 

ENOUGH. 

Abundance.     Great  excess  above  what  is  necessary. 

Adequacy.     The  quality  of  being  equal  to  what  is  required. 

Affluence,  etc.     See  Affluence, 

A  land  flowing  with  milk  and  honey.     A  land  of  great  productiveness. 

Amplitude.     Quality  of  being  somewhat  more  than  necessary. 

Competence.  Adequate  ability;  applied  mostly  to  mental  endow- 
ments. 

Copiousness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Cornucopia.     The  horn  of  plenty,  symbolizing  peace  and  prosperity. 

Enough.  A  quantity  or  number  that  will  satisfy  the  need,  den: and, 
or  purpose. 

Fat  of  the  land.     The  rich  products  of  the  land. 

Fill.     A  full  supply. 

Flood.     An  abundant  supply  of  anything. 

Full  measure.      Measure  that  is  amply  correct. 

Fulness.     Great  quantity. 

Galore.  Abundance.  [Sent  off  proofs  and  copy  galore,  before 
breakfast.      Walter  Scott,  Journal,  12,  April.] 

*'  Good  measure  pressed  down  and  running  over."     [Luke  vi,  38.] 

Horn  of  Amalthsea.lA  horn  filled   with  fruits,  symbolizing  peace 

Horn  of  plenty.  i       and  prosperity. 

Lots.     A  great  quantity  or  amount. 

Luxuriance.     See  Fertility. 

Mediocrity.  '   A  moderate  degree  or  rate. 

Mine.     A  rich  source  of  supply. 

No  less.      A  sufficient  quantity. 

Outpouring.     A  copious  effusion. 

Plenitude.  Great  quantity;  applied  more  to  moral  or  abstract 
things. 

Plenty.  More  than  enough ;  applied  usually  to  supplies  of  food. 
water,  etc. 

Profusion.     Rich  abundance. 


Quantum  sufficU  [L.]      A  sufficient  quantity. 

Repletion.     The  quality  of  being  lavishly  stocked  or  supplied 

Satiety,  etc.     See  Desire-Repletion. 

Satisfaction.     Full  gratification  of  desire,  need,  or  want. 

Sufficiency.     All  that  is  needful  to  serve  a  purpose. 

Tide.     A  quantity  as  irresistible  as  a  tide. 

Enough — Verbs. 
Abound.     To  be  plentifully  supplied  with. 
Be  sufficient,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Bristle  with.     To  be  thickset  with  difficulties,  as  a  wild  boar  with 

bristles. 
Do.     To  be  sufficient  for. 
Drink  one's  fill.     To  drink  all  one  feels  like. 
Eat  one's  fill.     To  eat  all  one  likes. 
Exuberate.     To  exist  in  great  abundance. 
Flow.     To  be  as  abundant  as  the  waters  of  a  river. 
Have  enough,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Have  one's  fill.     To  eat  or  drink  or  enjoy  all  one  feels  like. 
Just  do.     To  be  exactly  sufficient. 
Pass  muster      To  be  good  enough  to  be  approved. 
Pour.     To  expend  or  shed  lavishly. 
Pour  in.     To  come  in  in  great  numbers. 
Rain.     To  pour  down  like  rain. 
Render  sufficient,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Replenish.     Fill  up  afresh;  stock  with  abundance. 
Roll  in.     To  be  in  such  abundance  that  one  might  roll  in  it. 
Satisfy.     To  fully  gratify  desire,  need,  or  want. 
Shower  down.     To  be  as  plentiful  as  if  come  down  in  a  rain. 
Stream.     To  move  or  come  in  continued  succession  of  parts. 
Suffice.     To  be  sufficient. 
Swarm.     To  be  in  swarms. 

Swim  in.     To  be  in  such  abundance  that  one  might  swim  in  it 
Teem.     To  abound  exceedingly. 
Wallow  in.     To  revel  in  in  an  indecent  manner. 

Enough — Adjectives. 
Abounding,  etc .     See  Verbs. 

Abundant.     In  great  excess  above  what  is  necessary. 
Adequate.     Equal  to  what  is  required,  morally,  intellectually,  of 

materially. 
Affluent.     See  Affluence. 
Ample.     Somewhat  more  than  necessary. 
Big  with.     Fruitful  with;  teeming  with. 
Choke  full.     Completely  full. 

Commensurate.     Corresponding  in  amount  or  degree. 
Competent.     Adequate  in  ability;  applied  to  mental  endowments. 
Copious.     In  great  quantities,  as  if  from  a  rich  source. 
Enough.     Having  a  quantity  that  will  satisfy  the  purpose  or  demand. 
Enough  and  to  spare.     Mere  than  enough. 
Exhaustless.     Inexhaustible. 
Flush.     Quite  full. 

Full.     Abounding  in;  containing  all  that  it  can  hold. 
Inexhaustible.     Impossible  to  be  used  up,  or  consumed. 
Lavish.     Bestowed  or  given  in  profusion. 
Liberal.     Large  in  quantity,  as  a  gift,  or  supply. 
Luxuriant,  etc.     See  Fertility. 
Measured.     Regulated;  restrained  within  bounds 
Moderate.     Limited  in  quantity. 
Plenteous.     Plentiful. 

Plentiful.     More  than  enough ;  applied  to  supplies  of  food,  water  etftl 
Plenty.     Plentiful. 

Plenty  as  blackberries.     Very  plentiful. 
Replete.     Filled  again;  completely  filled. 
Rich.     Yielding  great  quantities. 

Satisfactory.     Answering  all  desires  and  requirements. 
Stintless.     Without  bounds  or  limits. 
Sufficient.     What  is  needful  to  serve  a  purpose;  applied  to  what  if 

to  be  used  or  employed. 
Tangible.     Capable  of  being  handled  or  touched- 
Unexhausted.     Not  exhausted. 


ENOUGH. 


345 


ENTERPRISE. 


Unmeasured.     Not  measured 

Unsparing.     Not  sparing. 

Unstinted.     Not  stinted. 

Unstinting.     Not  stinting. 

Un wasted.     Not  wasted. 

Up  to  the  mark.     Up  to  the  standard. 

Valid.     Having  sufficient  soundness:  said  of  arguments,  etc. 

Wantless.     Having  no  want;  abundant. 

Well  stocked?'}  Having  a  sufficient  suPP'y- 
Wholesale.     Done  on  a  large  scale. 
Without  stint.     Lavish;  without  limit. 

Enough — Adverbs. 

Ad  libitum  [L.J.     As  much  as  one  pleases. 

Amply,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Full.     Very. 

In  abundance.     See  Nouns. 

Sufficiently,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

To  one's  heart's  content.     As  much  as  one  pleases. 

Withal.     In  addition. 

With  no  sparing  hand.     Given  plentifully. 

Without  stint.     Without  bound  or  limit. 


Enough — Phrases. 


Cut  and  come  again. 

Das  Bests  ist  gut  genug  [G.]. 

Dictum  sapienti  sat  est  [L.]. 


The  best  is  good  enough. 

A  word  to  the  wise  is  sufficient. 


en-rage'.  To  exasperate.  Favorite-Anger,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness. 

enrag6  [F.]  (an'-ra-zhe').  Mad;  rabid.  Desire-Dis- 
taste. 

en-rap'-ture.  To  transport  with  pleasure.  Excita- 
tion, Love-Hate,  Pleasurableness-Painpulness. 

en-rap'-tured.  Extravagantly  delighted.  Emotion, 
Pleasure-Pain. 

en-rav'-ish.  To  enrapture.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness. 

en-rav'-ished.     Delighted.     Pleasure-Pain. 

en-rav'-ish-ing.  Delighting  extremely.  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness. 

en-rav'-ish-ment.     Ecstasy.     Excitation. 

en-rich'.  To  make  rich.  Affluence-Penury,  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration. 

en-robe'.     To  attire.     Dress-Undress. 

en-roll'.  To  record;  to  enlist.  Commission-Abroga- 
tion, Fighting-Conciliation,  Mark-Obliteration. 

en-rol'-ment.     A  record.     Mark-Obliteration. 

ens  [L.]  (enz).  An  existence,  entity,  or  being.  Entity- 
Nonentity. 

Ens  entium  [L.]  (enz  en'-she-um).  The  Being  of 
beings.    Divinity. 

ens,  non  [L.]  (enz,  non).  Not  a  being.  Entity- 
Nonentity. 

ens  rationis  [L.]  (enz  re"-she-o'-nis) .  A  rational  being. 
Entity-Nonentity,  Mind-Imbecility. 

en-sam'-ple.  An  example  to  follow  or  avoid.  Copy- 
Model. 

en-san'-guined.  To  dye  or  steep  with  blood.  Life- 
Killing. 

en-sconce'.  To  settle.  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Security-Insecurity. 

en-sconced'.     Situated.     Establishment-Removal. 

en"-sem'-ble.  The  general  appearance  and  effect. 
Whole-Part. 

en-shrine'.  To  cherish.  Confinement,  Godliness- 
Disbelief,  Reputation-Discredit;  enshrine  in  the 
memory,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

en-shrine'-ment.  Act  of  enshrining.  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

en'-si-form.     Sword-shaped.     Sharpness-Bluntness 

en'-sign.  A  standard;  a  symbol;  an  officer,  naval  or 
military.  Belligerent,  Chief-Underling,  Sign; 
ensign  of  authority,  Scepter. 

en-slave'.     To  enthrall.     Liberty-Subjection. 


en-slaved'.     In  bondage.     Liberty-Subjection. 

en-slave'-ment.  State  of  being  in  bondage.  Liberty- 
Subjection. 

en-snare'.  To  entrap.  Patriotism-Treason,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

en-sue'.  To  follow.  Occurrence-Destiny,  Pre- 
cedence-Succession. 

en-sure'.  To  secure  against  possible  loss.  Certainty- 
Doubt. 

en-tab'-la-ture.  The  uppermost  member  of  a  columnar 
system.     Top-Bottom. 

en-tail'.  To  involve;  to  restrict  the  inheritance  of  to 
a  particular  class  of  heirs.  Cause-Effect,  Keeping^ 
Relinquishment. 

en-tan'-gle.  To  perplex;  to  tangle.  Crossing,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility, Mixture-Homogeneity,  Organ- 
ization-Disorganization, Truthfulness-Fraud, 
Union-Disunion,  Variance-Accord. 

en-tan'-gled.  Twisted  into  a  tangle.  Regularity- 
Irregularity  ;  entangled  by  difficulties,  Difficulty- 
Facility. 

en-tan'-gle-ment.  State  of  being  entangled.  Cross- 
ing, Difficulty-Facility,  Regularity-Irregu- 
larity. 

entbehre  gem  was  du  nicht  hast  [G.]  (ent-be'-re  gern 
vas  du  niHt  hast).  Willingly  renounce  what  you  do 
not  possess.  Holding-Exemption,  Quest-Aban- 
donment. 

entend,  cela  s'  [F.]  (scuv-tcuv',  se-la').  That  is  under- 
stood.    Habit-Desuetude. 

entendre,  double  [F.]  (an-tan'dr',  dubl).  Double 
meaning:  an  idiom  not  used  in  French.  Wittiness- 
Dulness. 

entente  cordiale  [F.]  (an--tant'  cor-di-al').  A  cordial 
understanding.  Amity- Hostility,  Variance- 
Accord. 

en'-ter.  To  go  in;  to  join.  Accounts,  Beginning- 
End,  Entrance-Exit,  Mark-Obliteration;  enter 
a  profession,  Occupation  ;  enter  in,  Concentration- 
Radiation;  enter  into  an  engagement,  Engage- 
ment-Release; enter  into  collision,  Impetus-Re- 
action; enter  into  details,  Account,  Universality- 
Particularity;  enter  into  one's  views,  Assent-Dis- 
sent; enter  into  the  composition  of,  Constituent- 
Alien,  Inclusion-Omission;  enter  into  the  feelings 
of,  Charitableness-Malevolence,  Compassion- 
Ruthlessness;  enter  into  the  ideas  of,  Clearness- 
Obscurity;  enter  into  the  spirit  of,  Emotion;  enter 
the  lists,  Attack-Defense,  Strife-Peace;  enter  the 
mind,  Mind-Imbecility;  enter  upon,  Beginning- 
End. 

en'-ter-prise.  Energy;  a  bold  undertaking.  Bravery- 
Cowardice,  Enterprise,  Quest-Evasion;  com- 
mercial enterprise,  Exchange. 

ENTERPRISE. 

Compact.  An  agreement  binding  a  number  of  persons  entt-ring  into 
an  undertaking.     See  Contract. 

Emprise.     An  undertaking  of  an  adventurous  or  chivalrous  nature 

Engagement,  etc.  A  formal  and  mutual  promise.  See  Engage- 
ment. 

Enterprise.     A  dangerous  or  hazardous  undertaking. 

First  move,  etc.  The  very  beginning  of  an  undertaking.  See 
Beginning. 

Matter  in  hand,  etc.  The  undertaking  now  being  carried  out.  See 
Occupation. 

Move.     An  act  in  the  carrying  out  of  an  undertaking. 

Undertaking.     The  act  of  engaging  to  perform  a  project. 

Enterprise — Verbs. 

Apprentice  oneself  to.     To  enter  upon  an  undertaking  as  a  leanieft 
Be  in  for.     To  undertake  with  some  object  in  view. 
Begin,  etc.     To  commence  an  undertaking.     See  Beginning. 
B»take  oneself  to.     To  undertake  to  engage  in. 


ENTERPRISE. 


346 


ENTERTAINMENT— WEARINESS. 


Break  the  neck  of  a  business.  To  overcome  the  principal  difficulty 
of  an  undertaking. 

Broach.     To  open  an  undertaking. 

Contract.     To  form  an  agreement  about  an  undertaking. 

Devote  oneself  to.     To  undertake  in  an  earnest  manner. 

Embark  in.     To  enter  upon  an  undertaking. 

Engage,  etc.  To  bind  by  mutual  and  formal  promises.  See  En- 
gagement. 

Engage  in.     To  take  part  in  an  undertaking. 

Fall  to.     To  undertake  hastily  and  eagerly. 

fall  to  work.     To  enter  upon  an  undertaking  hastily  and  eagerly. 

Go  about.     To  set  oneself  to  business. 

Go  to  do.     To  begin  to  undertake . 

Have  in  hand,  etc.     To  be  engaged  in  something.     See  Occupation. 

Have  many  irons  in  the  fire.  To  be  engaged  in  many  undertak- 
ings. 

Institute,  etc.     To  set  an  undertaking  in  operation.     See  Cause. 

Launch  forth.     To  start  a  new  undertaking. 

Launch  into.     To  start  into  a  new  undertaking. 

Lay  one's  hand  to  the  plow.  1  To    undertake  with    great    deter- 

Lay  one's  shoulder  to  the  wheel.)       mination. 

Plunge  into.     To  rush  into  an  undertaking. 

Put  in  execution.     To  start  an  undertaking  in  operation. 

Put  in  hand.     To  undertake. 

Put  one's  foot  in.  To  get  into  difficulty  with  an  undertaking;  to 
blunder. 

Put  one's  hand  to.     To  enter  upon  an  undertaking. 

Put  one's  hand  to  the  plow.     To  undertake  with  earnestness. 

Set  about.     To  take  the  first  steps  in  an  undertaking. 

Set  forward.     To  promote  an  undertaking. 

Set  to.     To  cause  to  commence  an  undertaking. 

Set  up  shop.     To  commence  a  business  undertaking. 

Tackle.     To  undertake  something  difficult. 

Take  in  hand.     To  attempt  to  execute. 

Take  up.     To  carry  on  or  manage. 


Take  upon  oneself.     To  undertake  upon  one's  own  responsibility. 
Take  upon  one's  shoulders.     To  undertake  something  alone. 
Turn  one's  hand  to.     To  apply  oneself  to  an  undertaking. 
Undertake.     To  engage  upon  the  performance  of  something. 
Volunteer.     To  voluntarily  offer  to  undertake. 


On  the  anvil. 
Undertaking. 


There  goes. 


Enterprise — Adjectives. 

In  a  state  ot  formation. 
Engaging  in. 

Enterprise — Phrase. 

An  undertaking  begins. 


en'-ter-pri"-sing.  Energetic  and  progressive.  Activ- 
ity-Indolence, Bravery-Cowardice. 

en"-ter-tain\  To  extend  hospitality  to;  to  divert. 
Entertainment- Weariness,  Heed -Disregard, 
Obstruction-Help,  Regard-Disrespect,  Socia- 
bility-Privacy; entertain  an  idea,  Mind-Imbe- 
cility ;  entertain  an  opinion,  Faith-Misgiving  ; 
entertain  doubts,  Faith-Misgiving;  entertain  feel- 
ing, Emotion  ;  entertain  hope,  Sanguineness-Hope- 

LESSNESS. 

en"-ter-tained\  Treated  hospitably.  Sociability- 
Privacy. 

en"-ter-tain'-ing.  Diverting.  Entertainment-Wear- 
iness. 

en"-ter-tain'-ment.  Amusement;  a  social  party;  hos- 
pitable accommodation.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 


ENTERTAINMENT— WEARINESS. 


Amusement.     An  employment  or  occupation  which  gives  ease  to  the 

mind  whether  purposely  sought  or  not. 
Diversion.     That  which  turns  or  draws  the  mind  from  care  and  study. 
Divertissement  [F.].     Amusement;  sport. 
Entertainment.     A  species  of  amusement  which  is  always  more  or 

less  of  an  intellectual  nature. 
Festivity.     Social  joy  or  gaiety  of  spirits  at  an  entertainment. 
Fredaine  [F.].     A  frolic. 
Frolic.     A  noisy  merrymaking. 
Fun.     Ncisy  amusement. 
Gala.     Show  or  festivity. 
Gambade  [F.]      Gambol. 

Gambol.     A  skipping  or  leaping  about  in  frolic. 

Game.     A  contest,  physical  or  mental,  for  amusement  or  recreation 
Heyday.     High  spirits  or  frolicsomeness. 

Holiday  making.     Exemption  from  labor  for  amusement  and  gaiety. 
j  cosene    .  j,  ^  merry  or  sportive  act  or  saying. 

Jollification.     A  merrymaking  or  noisy  festivity. 
Jollity.     Noisy  enjoyment. 

Labor  of  love.  A  labor  undertaken  through  pleasure  in  the  work 
itself,  without  expectation  of  reward. 

Laughter,  etc.  Expression  of  cheerfulness,  gaiety,  or  .mirth.  See 
Jubilation. 

Merriment.     Gaiety  with  laughter. 

Merrymaking.     That  which  produces  amusement. 

Passetemps  [F.]      Agreeable  pastime. 

Pastime.     That  which  amuses,  and  makes  time  pass  agreeably. 

Play.     Exercise  intended  for  amusement. 

Pleasantry.     That  which  promotes  good  humor  or  cheerfulness. 

Pleasure,  etc.  An  occurrence  in  which  the  mind  finds  satisfaction  or 
diversion.     See  Pleasure. 

Prank.     A  gay  or  sportive  action. 

Reaction.     Effect  produced  upon  the  body  by  diversion. 

Rejoicing,  etc.  Expression  of  delight  or  gladness.  See  Jubila- 
tion. 

Relaxation.     Remission  from  attention  and  labor. 

Round  of  pleasures.      Continuous  amusement  or  entertainment 

Solace.     That  which  cheers  or  consoles. 

Sport.     That  which  diverts,  and  causes  pleasure. 

Sporting,  etc.     Engaging  in  sports.     See  Quest. 

Tomfoolery.     An  amusing  trifle. 

Wit.  Sudden  and  ingenious  association  of  ideas  and  words  causing 
surprise  and  exhilaration. 


Defatigation.     Fatigue;  weariness. 

Disgust.     Repugnance  for  what  is  offensive. 

Drowsiness,  etc.  State  of  being  heavy  with  sleepiness.  See  Activ- 
ity-Indolence. 

Ennui.     Mental  weariness. 

Lassitude,  etc.     Chronic  fatigue. 

Loathing.     Extreme  disgust  or  dislike. 

Nausea.  Sickness  of  the  stomach,  accompanied  by  an  impulse  to 
vomit;  also  disgust. 

Satiety,  etc.  Gratification  to  excess  which  produces  wearisomenes* 
or  loathing.     See  Desire-Repletion. 

Sickness.     "Wearisome  dislike,  as  of  flattery,  nausea. 

T&dium  vitce  [L.].     Weariness  of  life, 

Tediousness,  etc.  Wearisomeness  from  slowness  or  continuance  of 
some  action.     See  Adjectives. 

Tedium.     Wearisomeness;  irksomeness. 

Weariness — Associated  Nouns. 
Bore.     A  person  or  thing  that  wearies  one  through  lack  of  interest. 
Buttonhole.     A  person  who  bores  one  with  his  talk. 
Dull  work.     Anything  that  wearies  one. 
Heavy  hours.     Hours  of  idleness  or  weariness. 
Monotony.     Irksome  uniformity  of  any  kind. 
Proser.     A  dull  or  tedious  writer  or  talker. 
The  enemy.     Time,  especially  unoccupied  time. 
Twice-told  tale.     A  story  that  wearies  a  person  by  its  repetition. 
Wet  blanket.     A  discouragement,  or  one  who  discourages. 

Weariness — Verbs. 

&tad?HMtJ  Be  jadedorwearied.     See  Adjective:. 

Bore.     Annoy  or  weary. 

Bore  out  of  all  patience. ) 

Bore  out  of  one's  life.      I*  Weary  extremely. 

Bore  to  death.  > 

Die  with  ennui.     Die  of  mental  weariness. 

Disgust.     Excite  loathing  or  aversion  in. 

Drag  its  slow  length  along.     Be  tedious  or  wearisome. 

Drag  its  weary  length  along.     Be  wearisome. 

Harp  on  the  same  string.     Dwell  on  the  same  subject  with  wearisome 

persistence. 
Nauseate.     Affect  with  a  feeling  of  disgust. 
Never  hear  the  last  of. 
Pall.     Make  or  become  insipid  or  uninteresting. 

Set  to    Ie  1  Make  *fa*£  or  weary  because  of  lack  of  interest. 


ENTERTAINMENT— WEARINESS. 


347 


ENTERTAINMENT— WEARINESS. 


ENTERTAINMENT— WEARINESS— Continued. 


Entertainment — Denotations,  etc. 
American  bowls.     The  game  of  tenpins  or  bowling. 
Antic.     A  grotesque  trick. 

Aquatics.     Sports  or  exercises  practised  on  the  water. 
Arbiter  elegantiarum  [L.].     Master  of  ceremonies. 
Archery,     The  practise  of  shooting  with  bow  and  arrows, 
A  short  life  and  a  merry  one.     Life  of  pleasure. 
Athletic  sports.     The  games  and  sports  of  athletes. 
Backgammon.     A  game  played  by  two  persons  on  a  board  marked 

off  into  twenty-four  spaces  called  points.     The  movements  from 

point  to  point  are  determined  by  throwing  dice. 
Bagatelle.      A  game  played  on  an  oblong  board,  having  at  one  end 

cups  or  arches  into  or  through  which  balls  are  to  be  driven  by  a  rod 

held  in  the  hand. 
Banquet.     A  feast.     See  Nutriment? 
Baseball.     A  game  of  ball,  so  called  from  the  four  bases  which 

designate  the  circuit  which  each  player  endeavors  to  make  after 

striking  the  ball. 
Battledore  and  shuttlecock.     A  game  which  consists  of  striking  a  cork 

stuck  with  feathers,  with  a  racket. 
Bauble.     A  cheap,  showy  plaything. 

Billiards.     A  game  played  with  ivory  balls  on  a  cloth -covered,  rect- 
angular table,  bounded  by  elastic  cushions. 
Blindman's  buff.     A  game  in  which  one  person  is  blindfolded,  and 

tries  to  catch  some  one  and  tell  who  it  is. 
Bonfire.     A  large  fire  built  in  the  open  air  for  amusement. 
Bout.     A  contest  or  trial. 
Bowls      The  game  of  tenpins 
Buffoonery.     Ridiculous  pranks. 

Carnival.     A  festival  celebrated  with  merriment  and  revelry. 
Carousal,  j  j^  jovial  feast  or  drunken  revel. 
Carouse.  J 
Cricket.     A  game  played  with  ball,  bats,  and  wickets,  the  players 

being  in  two  contesting  parties. 
Croquet.     A  game  in  which  the  players  endeavor  to  drive  wooden 

balls,  by  means  of  mallets,  through  a  series  of  hoops  or  arches. 
Cross    questions  and  crooked  answers.     A  game  of  question   and 

answer. 
Curling.     A  Scottish  game  in  which  heavy  weights  of  stone  are  pro- 
pelled by  hand  over  the  ice. 
Discus.     Exercise  with  a  heavy  plate  intended  to  be  pitched  as  a 

trial  of  strength  and  skill. 
Dissipation.     A  dissolute  course  of  life  in  pursuit  of  pleasure. 
Doll.     A  child's  toy  baby.   [A  pet  name  for  Dorothy,  Gr.  Dorothea, 

gift  of  God.] 
Dominoes.     A  game  played  with  twenty-eight  blocks  left  blank  or 

dotted  after  the  manner  of  dice. 
Draughts.  The  game  of  checkers. 
Echappte  [F.].     A  prank  • 

Escapade  [P.].     A  trick. 
Espieglerie  [F.].     A  playful  trick. 
Feast.     A  festive  or  joyous  meal. 
Festival.     A  time  of  feasting  or  celebration. 
F6te.     A  festival. 

Fete  champetre  [F.]      A  rustic  feast. 
Feu-de-joie  [F.].     A  bonfire. 
Fireworks.     A  device  for  producing  a  display  of  light,  or  figures,  by 

the  combustion  of  materials  that  burn  in  some  peculiar  manner. 
Fives.     A  game  resembling  tennis. 
Football.     The  game  of  kicking  and  carrying  the  football  by  opposing 

parties  of  players  between  goals. 
French  and  English.     An  out-door  game  in  which  the  players  are 

divided  into  contesting  parties. 
Gala.     Festivity. 
Gallanty-show.     A  peep  show. 
Gambling.     Playing  for  money,  or  other  stake. 
Game.     A  contest  for  amusement,  recreation,  or  winning  a  stake. 
Game  at  romps.     Noisy,  exciting  play. 

Game  of  chance.     A  game  played  for  a  stake,  not  decided  by  skill. 
Game  of  fox  and  goose.     A  game  in  which  one  person  tries  to  catch 

another  as  he  runs  from  goal  to  goal. 
Game  of  skill.     Any  game  which  requires  skill  in  playing. 
Gamester.     A  person  who  plays  for  a  stake. 
Go-bang.     A  game  played  on  a  checker  board,  usually  of  as6  squares 

with  fifty  colored  counters. 
Golf.     A  game  played  with  a  small  ball  and  a  bat  or  club  crooked  at 

the  lower  end. 
Greasy  pole.     The  contest  of  climbing  a  slippery  pole. 
Gymnastics.     Athletic  exercises. 
Hide  and  seek.     A  play  of  children,  in  which  some  hide  themselves 

and  others  seek  them. 
High  jinks.     An  old  Scottish  pastime;  wild  sport. 


WEARINESS— Verbs— Continued. 
Sicken,     Disgust. 
Tire.     Weary;  fatigue. 
Tire  out  of  all  patience.*) 

Tire  out  of  one's  life.      >■  Figurative  degrees  of  weariness. 
Tire  to  death.  J 

Weary.     To  grow  tired  in  body  and  depressed  in  spirits. 
Weary  out  of  all  patience.  1 

Weary  out  of  one's  life.       >  Degrees  of  weariness. 
Weary  to  death.  J 

Yawn.     Open  the  mouth  involuntarily  with  a  long,  full  inspiration  of 
the  breath  as  a  result  of  drowsiness,  fatigue,  or  dulness. 

Weariness — Adjectives. 
Arid.     Dry;  uninteresting;  wearisome. 
Bald.     Bare;  literal;  wearisome. 
Blast  [F.].     Cloyed. 

Devoid  of  interest.     Lacking  interest ;  wearisome. 
Disgusting,  etc.     Exciting  aversion  or  loathing,  etc.     See  Verbs, 
Drowsy,  etc.     Heavy  with  sleepiness;  dull,  etc.     See  Activity-I*. 

DOLENCE. 

Dry.     Lacking  interest. 

Dull.     Depressing;  sad;  wearisome;  not  active  or  bright. 

Flagging.     Becoming  spiritless  or  tired ;  growing  uninteresting. 

Flat.     Uninteresting'  monotonous. 

Humdrum.     Tedious;  uninteresting. 

Irksome.     Wearisome;  tiresome;  vexatious 

Life-weary.     Weary  of  life. 

Monotonous.     Wearisomely  uniform. 

Mortal.     Long  and  wearisome. 

Prosing.     Speaking  or  writing  in  a  wearisome  or  prosy  way. 

Prosy.     Dull;  tiresome. 

Sick  of.     Tired  of;  disgusted  with. 

Slow.     Dull;  tedious. 

Somniferous.     Producing  sleep;  wearisome. 

Soporific.     Causing  sleep ;  tiresome. 

Stupid.     Lacking  apprehension  or  understanding    dull. 

Tedious.     Producing  weariness ;  slow. 

Tiredfetc.     Wearied;  fatigued;  jaded, etc.     See  Verbs. 

Tiresome.     Wearisome;  tedious. 

TJnenjoyed.     Unsatisfying;  not  affording  enjoyment;  wearisome. 

Uninterested.     Having  no  interest  in;  bored;  wearied. 

Uninteresting.     Not  of  interest ;  not  engaging  the  attention. 

Used  up.     Tired  out*  exhausted  to  weariness. 

Weariness.     Weakness  of  body  with  flagging  of  the  spirits. 

Wearing.     Exhausting;  wearying. 

Wearisome.     Causing  weariness. 

Wearisome ness.     The  quality  of  causing  weariness  or  fatigue. 

Weary.     Worn  out  by  toil,  endurance,  or  vexation. 

Wearying,  etc.     Tiring;  making  weary,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Weary  of  life .     Tired  of  living ,  life-weary. 

Worn  out.     Exhausted;  wearied. 

Weariness — Adverbs. 
Usque  ad  nauseam  [L.].     To  the  point  of  disgust. 
Wearily,  etc.     In  a  weary  manner,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Weariness — Phrases. 
Crambe  repetita  [L.].     Cabbage  warmed  over ;  the  same  old  story. 
Time  hanging  heavily  on  one's  hands. 

Toujours  perdrix  [F.].     Always  partridges;  the  same  thing  over  and 
over. 

ENTERTAINMENT— Denotations— Continued. 

Hockey.     A  game  in  which  two  parties  of  players,  armed  with  curved 

or  hooked  sticks,  attempt  to  drive  a  ball  or  block  of  wood  toward 

opposite  goals. 
Hopscotch.     A  child's  game,  in  which  a  player,  hopping  on  one  foot, 

drives  a  stone  or  block  from  one  compartment  to  another  of  a 

figure  traced  or  scotched  on  the  ground. 
Hop,  skip,  and  jump.     An  exercise  which  consists  of  a  hop,  a  skip, 

and  a  jump. 
Horse  racing.     The  practise  of  racing  with  horses. 
Hunt  the  slipper.     A  game  in  which  a  slipper  or  anything  is  hidden 

by  a  person  and  others  look  for  it 
Jubilee.     A  season  of  general  joy. 
Junket.     A  feast  or  entertainment. 
Kail.     A  game  played  by  rolling  an  iron  ball  among  nine  holes  made 

in  the  ground. 
Kiss  in  the  ring.     A  children's  game  in  which  one  of  the  player* 

attempts  to  kiss  another  before  he  can  enter  a  line  formed  by  tha 

other  players. 


ENTERTAINMENT— WEARINESS. 


:;  i ; 


ENTERTAINMENT— WEARINESS. 


ENTERTAINMENT— Denotations— Continued. 


Knickknack.     A  trifle;  a  toy.     See  Consequence-Insignificance. 
Knur  and  spell.     A  game  played  in  Northern  England  in  which  the 

players  bat  a  wooden  ball  or  knur  as  it  is  thrown  from  a  trap  or  spell. 
Lacrosse.      A  game  of  ball,  originating  among  the  North  American 

Indians,  in  which  each  player  carries  a  long-handled  racket  called 

a  crosse,  and  with  this  catches  and  tosses  a  ball  through  one  of  the 

goals  placed  at  opposite  ends  of  the  field. 
La  grace  [F.].  A  game  played  with  hoops. 
Lark.     A  frolic. 

Lawn-tennis.     A  variety  of  the  game  of  tennis. 
Leap-frog.     A  boy's  game  in  which  one  stoops  down  and  another 

leaps  over  him  by  placing  his  hands  on  the  shoulders  of  the  former. 
Lotto.     A  game  of  chance,  played  with  cards, on  which  numbers  are 

inscribed   and  any  contrivance,  as  a  wheel  containing  numbered 

balls,  for  determining  a  set  of  numbers  by  chance. 
Magic  lantern,  etc       An  optical  instrument  for  throwing  upon  a 

screen  greatly  magnified  pictures  from  slides.     See  Appearance. 
Master  of  ceremonies.      One  who  presides  at  a  feast  or  entertainment . 
Master  of  the  revels.      One  who  presides  over  a  feast. 
Merelles.      Nine-men's-morris. 
Monkey-trick.     A  mischievous  prank 
Morra.     A  game  in  which  the  object  is  to  guess  the  number  of  fingers 

held  out  by  one  or  more  players. 
Mummery.     Frolic  in  disguise. 
Nine-men's-morris.     A  game  played  with  counters,  or  men,  which  are 

placed  at  the  angles  of  a  figure  drawn  on  a  board  or  on  the  ground. 
Ninepins.     A  game  played  with  nine  pins  or  pieces  of  wood,  set  on 

end,  at  which  a  wooden  ball  is  bowled  to  knock  them  down. 
Pall-mall.     A  game  in  which  a  wooden  ball  is  driven  with  a  mallet, 

through  a  hoop  or  ring  of  iron. 
Pallone  [It.].     An  Italian  game  played  with  a  large  leather  ball. 
Party.     A  gathering  for  amusement.     See  Sociability. 
Peep-show.     A  small    show,  or   object  exhibited,  which  is  viewed 

through  an  orifice  or  magnifying  glass. 
Picnic.     An  excursion  or  pleasure  party. 
Ping-pong.     An  indoor  game  resembling  lawn  tennis. 
Plaything.     A  thing  to  play  with. 

Polo.     A  game  resembling  hockey,  with  the  players  on  horseback. 
Pool.     A  game  which  consists  in  pocketing  the  balls  on  a  pool  table. 
Practical  joke.      See  Society-Derision. 
Prank.     A  trick. 
Puppet-show.     A  mock  drama   performed    by  puppets   moved   by 

wires. 
Pyramids.     The  game  of  pool  in  which  the  balls  are  placed  in  the 

form  of  a  triangle  at  spot. 
Quintain.     An  object  to  be  tilted  at. 
Quip.     A  smart,  sarcastic  turn  or  jest.      ♦ 
"Quips  and  cranks  and  wanton  wiles,  nods  and  becks  and  wreathed 

smiles." 
Quirk.     A  twist  or  turn  of  the  fancy. 


Quoits.     A  game  played  with  flattened  ring-shaped  pieces  of  iron  to 

be  pitched  at  a  fixed  stake. 
Racketing.     A  clattering,  confused  noise  of  play. 
Rackets.     A  variety  of  the  game  of  tennis. 
Raree-show.     A  show  carried  about  in  a  box. 
Regale.     A  banquet. 
Regatta.     Originally,  a  gondola  race  in  Venice;    now,  a  rowing  of 

sailing  race  or  a  series  of  such  races  anywhere. 
Reveler.     One  who  revels. 
Revels.     Riotous  festivity  or  merrymaking. 
Rifle  shooting.     A  trial  of  skill  in  the  use  of  the  rifle. 
Rig.     A  frolic. 
Romp.     Noisy  play. 

Saturnalia .     The  festival  of  Saturn ;  a  feast  of  riotous  enjoyment. 
Skating.     The  exercise  of  moving  on  the  ice  on  skates. 
Skittles.     A  game   resembling  ninepins,  but  played  by   throwing 

wooden  disks  instead  of  rolling  balls. 
Skylarking      Frolicking. 

Sliding.     Exercise  of  gliding  over  a  smooth  or  inclined  surface. 
Snapdragon.     A  play  in  which  raisins  are  snapped  from  a  vessel  of 

burning  brandy ,  and  eaten . 
Sportsman.     One  who  engages  in  sports. 
Spree.     A  drinking  frolic. 
Symposium.     A  banquet. 
Teetotum.     A  child's  toy  resembling  a  top. 
Tennis.     A  play  in  which  a  ball  is  driven  from  player  to  player  by  a 

racket. 
Tenpins.     Ninepins  played  with  ten  pins. 
Tent-pegging.     A  cavalry  exercise  in  which  a  horseman,  while  at  full 

speed,  attempts  to  uproot  a  tent-peg  with  his  lance. 
Tilting  at  the  ring.      An  exercise  with  the  lance. 
Tip-cat.     A  game  in  which  a  small  piece  of  wood,  pointed  at  both 

ends,  is  tipped  or  struck  with  a  bat.  so  as  to  fly  into  the  air. 
Tivoli.     A  game  resembling  bagatelle. 
Tournament.     A  mock  fight  or  warlike  game ;  any  contest  of  skill  in 

which  there  are  many  contestants. 
Toy.     A  plaything. 

Toy-shop.     A  shop  where  toys  are  sold. 
Trap-ball.     An  old  game  of  ball,  played  with  a  trap,  which  consists 

of  a  pivoted  arm  on  one  end  of  which  is  placed  the  ball  to  be 

thrown  into  the  air  by  striking  the  other  end. 
Treat.     That  which  affords  entertainment. 
Tug-of-war,    A  contest  in  which  two  opposing  parties  try  to  pull  each 

other  from  their  positions. 
Turfman.     A  follower  of  the  race-course. 
Vagary.     A  wild  or  fanciful  freak. 
Wake.     The  pastimes  connected  with  a  wake. 
Wassail.     A  drinking  bout. 
Yule  log.     A  large  log  of  wood  put  on  the  hearth  on  Christmas  eve 

and  brought  in  with  much  ceremony. 


Entertainment — Card  Games. 


All  fours.      A  game   at   cards   called    "High.    Low,   Jack    and   the 

Game." 
Baccarat  [F.].      A  French  game  of  cards,  played  by  a  banker  and 

punters. 
Beggar  my  neighbor.     A  game  of  cards  in  which  the  object  is  to  win 

the  cards  of  all  the  players. 
Besique  [F.].      A  game  of  cards  in  which  various  combinations  of 

cards  in  the  hand,  when  declared,  score  points. 
Blind  hookey.      A  game  of  cards  in  gambling. 

Boaston.l  A  game  of  cards  played  by  four  persons,  with  two  packs  of 
Boston.   >    fifty-two  cards  each;  so  called  from  Boston,  Massachusetts, 
Brag.     A  card  game  similar  to  poker. 
Cards.     Pieces  of  thick   paper,  etc.,  for  playing  games  of  chance, 

and  having  each  pack  divided  into  four  suits  of  hearts,  diamonds, 

clubs,  and  spades. 
Casino.     A  game  of  cards  played  by  two  or  more  persons. 
Commerce.     A  round  game  at  cards,  in  which  the  cards  are  subject 

to  exchange,  barter,  or  trade. 
Commit.     A  card  game. 
Connexions.     A  card  game 
Cribbage.     A  game   of  cards  characterized  by  a  great  variety  of 

chances. 
Ecarti  [F.].      A  game  of  cards,  played   usually  by  two  persons,  in 

which  the    players  may  discard  any  or  all  the  cards  dealt  and 

receive  others  from  the  pack 
Euchre.      A  game  of  cards  in  which  the  highest  card  is  the  knave  of 

the  same  suit  as  trump,  the  lowest  card  being  the  seven  snot 
Hearts.     A  game  in  which  the  heart  suit  alone  counts. 
Lift  smoke.     A  nonsensical  card  game. 
Loo.     Old  game  played  with  five,  or  three,  cards  dealt  to  each  player. 


Lottery.  A  gaming  scheme  in  which  one  or  more  tickets  bearing 
particular  numbers  draw  prizes,  and  the  rest  of  the  tickets  are 
blanks. 

Monte.     A  game  played  with  three  cards,  one  of  which  is  marked. 

Napoleon.     Six-handed  euchre. 

Old  maid.     A  game  with  picture  cards. 

Ombre.     A  Spanish  card  game  played  by  three  persons. 

Pairs.     A  card  game. 

Patience.     The  game  of  cards  played  by  one  person. 

Penny-ante .     A  poker  game . 

Picquet.  A  game  of  cards  played  by  two  persons,  with  thirty-two 
cards,  all  the  deuces,  threes,  fours,  fives,  and  sixes  being  set 
aside. 

Poker.     The  American  game  of  brag  or  bluff. 

Polish  bank.     A  game  of  cards. 

Pope  Joan.  A  game  of  cards  played  on  a  round  board  with  com- 
partments. 

Quadrille.  A  game  played  by  four  persons  with  forty  cards  the 
tens,  nines,  and  eights  being  discarded. 

Quinze  [F.].  A  game  of  cards  in  which  the  object  is  to  make  fifteen 
points. 

Pinocle.  A  game  played  with  two  packs,  the  cards  below  the  nine 
spot  being  left  out. 

Reverse.  \  A  certain  game  of  cards  in  which  the  player  wins  who 

Reversis.  I       takes  the  fewest  tricks. 

Round  game.  A  game  of  cards  in  which  each  plays  on  his  own 
account. 

Rubber.     The  odd  game  when  there  is  a  tie  between  the  players. 

Snip-snap-snorem.     A  humorous  card  game 

Solitaire.     A  card  game  played  by  one  person. 


ENTERTAINMENT. 


349 


ENTERTAINMENT. 
I 


ENTERTAINMENT— Card  Games— Continued 


Speculation.  A  game  of  cards  in  which  the  players  buy  from  one 
another  trumps  or  whole  hands,  upon  a  chance  of  getting  the 
highest  trump  dealt,  which  entitles  the  holder  to  the  pool  or 
stakes. 

Thirty-one.  A  game  in  which  exactly  or  nearest  to  thirty-one  points 
are  sought  to  be  scored. 

Entertainment — Dancing 


Vingt-un  [F  ].  A  game  of  cards  in  which  the  object  is  to  get  cards 
the  sum  of  whose  spots  is  twenty-one. 

Whist.  A  game  of  cards,  so  called  because  it  requires  silence  and 
close  attention.  It  is  played  by  four  persons,  those  who  sit  oppo- 
site each  other  being  partners.  Points  are  scored  for  the  tricks 
taken  in  excess  of  six  and  for  the  honors  held. 


A  lively  dance. 


Alleniande  [F  ].     A  dance  in  moderate  twofold  time. 

Bal[Fl     A  ball. 

Bal  costume-  [F.].     Fancy-ball. 

Ball.     A  social  assembly  for  the  purpose  of  dancing. 

Ballet  [F.].  An  artistic  dance  performed  as  a  theatrical  entertain- 
ment. 

Bal  masque"  [F.].     A  mask-ball. 

Bayadere.     A  female  dancer  in  the  East  Indies. 

Brawl.     A  kind  of  sprightly  dance. 

Cotillon  [F.].     A  brisk  dance;  performed  by  eight  persons. 

Country-dance.  A  dance  in  which  the  dancers  are  arranged  in 
opposite  lines. 

Dance.  An  amusement,  in  which  the  movements  of  the  persons  are 
regulated  by  music. 

Fling.     A  kind  of  dance. 

Galop. 

Galopade. 

C        tie  J  ^  ^ance  to  a  ^risk  and  li vel  y  tune. 
Hop.     An  informal  dance  or  ball. 

Hornpipe.     A  dance  performed  by  one  person,  to  music  on  a  horn- 
pipe. 
Jig.     A  lively  dance. 

Entertainment — 

Bairam  [Turk.].     A  great  Mohammedan  festival 
Bank-holiday.     A  day  observed  in  England  as  a  legal  holiday. 
Derby  day.     The  day  of  the  annual  race  for  the  Derby  stakes, — 

Wednesday  of  the  week  before  Whitsuntide. 
Easter  Monday.     The  next  day  after  Easter. 
Field-day.     A  day  of  unusual  display. 
Gala-day.     A  day  of  festivity. 
High-day.     A  holy  or  feast  day. 
High-days  and  holidays.     Feast  days. 


Masquerade.     A  mask-ball. 

Mazurka.     A  Polish  dance. 

Minuet.     A  slow  graceful  dance. 

Morisco.  1  A  dance  in  which  the  performers  take  the  parts  of 

Morris-dance. >       various  characters. 

Pas-seul.     A  dance  without  a  partner. 

Polka.     A  dance  by  two  persons  in  common  time. 

Quadrille.     A   dance    having  five   figures,  in   common   time,   four 

couples  of  dancers  being  in  each  set. 
Redowa.      Bohemian  dance  either  in  triple  time,  or  in  two-four  time 
Reel.     A  lively  dance  of  the  Scotch  Highlanders. 
Ridotto  [It.].      A  favorite   Italian  public  entertainment,  consisting 

of  music  and  dancing. 
Rigadoon.     A  gay,  lively  dance  for  one  couple.     . 
Saraband.     A  slow  Spanish  dance. 
Sir  Roger  de  Coverley.     A  formal  graceful  dance. 
Skirt-dance.     A  dance  in  which  the  performer  wears  a  skirt  made 

very  full,  so  that  it  may  be  gracefully  waved  with  the  motions  of 

the  body. 
Strathspey.     A  lively  Scottish  dance. 
Terpsichore,     The  muse  who  presided  over  the  dance. 
Waltz.     A  dance  by  two  persons  in  circular  figures  with  a  whirling 

motion. 
Times  of  Amusement. 

Holiday.     A  day  of  amusement. 

Labor-day.     First  Monday  of  September. 

May-day.     The  first  day  of  May;   celebrated  by  dancing  about  a 

May  pole. 
Play-day.     A  holiday. 

Red-letter  day.     A  holy  or  feast  day;  a  day  that  is  auspicious. 
Saint-Monday.     Easter  Monday. 
Whit-Monday.     The  day  following  Whitsunday. 
Yule.     Christmas.  * 


Entertainment — Places  of  Amusement, 


Arbor.     A  shaded  retreat. 

Archery  ground.     The  place  where  archery  is  practised. 

Assembly-room.      The  room  where  dances  are  held. 

Ballroom.     Place  for  dancing. 

Bowling-alley.     A  long  narrow  lane  or  passage  where  bowls  is  played 

Bowling-green.      A  level  piece  of  greensward  for  bowling. 

Concert-hall.     A  place  where  entertainments  are  given. 

Cricket-ground.      The  place  where  cricket  is  played 

Croquet-ground.     A  level  space  suitable'for  playing  croquet. 

Croquet-lawn.     See  Croquet-ground. 

Garden.     A  place  for  amusements. 

Hunting-ground.     An  enclosed  lodge  for  keeping  game. 

Merry-go-round.     A  ring  of  flying  hobbyhorses. 

Montague  Russe  [F  ].     Russian  mountain;  artificial  slide. 

Music-hall.     A  place  for  entertainments. 

Entertain 
Amuse.     To  entertain  or  occupy  in  a  pleasant  manner 
Banquet.     To  gratify  oneself  with  good  eating  and  drinking. 
Caper.     To  leap  about  in  a  sprightly  manner. 
Carouse.     To  take  part  in  a  jovial  feast  or  drunken  revel. 
Cheer.     To  make  cheerful  or  joyous. 
Dally.     To  waste  time  in  pleasures. 
Dance,  etc.     To  move  nimbly  or  merrily.     See  Spring. 
Disport.     To  carry  oneself  away  from  work. 
Divert.     To  turn  away  from  business  or  study  to  amusement 
Enliven.     To  give  spirit  or  vivacity  to. 
,  Entertain.     To  engage  the  attention  agreeably 
Feast.     To  entertain  with  costly  provisions. 
Frisk.     To  leap  or  dance  in  frolic  and  gaiety. 
Frolic.     To  play  wild  pranks. 
Gambol.     To  dance  and  skip  about  in  sport. 
Game.     To  play  at  any  sport  or  amusement. 


Park.     A  public  playground. 

Place  of  amusement.     A  place  suitable  for  games  or  amusements 

Plaisance  [F.]      A  pleasure -house. 

Playground.     A  place  fitted  for  children's  games. 

Pleasure-ground.     A  place  of  amusement. 

Racket-court.     A  level  space  for  playing  tennis  and  the  like. 

Rink.     An  artificial  sheet  of  ice,  used  for  skating. 

Round-about.     A  merry-go-round. 

Skating-rink.     See  Rink. 

Swing.     An  apparatus  for  recreation,  consisting  of  a  rope  tied  by 

both  ends,  and  a  seat  placed  on  the  loop. 
Tennis-court.     A  place  fitted  for  playing  tennis 
Theater.     A  place  for  public  entertainments. 
The  turf.     The  race-course. 

ment — Verbs. 

Interest.     To  excite  pleasant  emotions. 

Junket.     To  feast. 

Play.     To  exercise  for  the  sake  of  amusement. 

Please.     To  afford  or  impart  pleasure. 

Recreate.     To  refresh  with  amusement  after  toil  or  anxiety. 

Regale.     To  entertain  with  something  that  delights. 

Rejoice.     To  experience  gladness  in  a  high  degree. 

Revel.     To  feast  in  a  riotous  manner. 

Romp.     To  leap  and  frisk  about  in  play. 

Solace.     To  cheer  or  console. 

Sport.     To  play  or  make  merry. 

Tickle.     To  please  or  gratify. 

Titillate.     To  excite  pleasurably. 

Toy.     To  trifle  or  play  with. 

Treat.     To  entertain  with  food  and  drink. 

Wanton.     To  frolic  in  an  unseemly  manner. 


Entertainment — Verbal  Expressions 


Amuse  oneself;  beguile  the  time;  be  the  death  of  one;  cause  laugh- 
ter; convulse  with  laughter;  create  laughter;  desipere  in  loco  [L.], 
to  jest  at  the  proper  time;  drive  dull  care  away;  drown  care; 
excite  laughter;  go  a  Maying;  have  one's  fling;  keep  holiday; 
keep  up  the  ball;   kill  time;   make  holiday;   make  merry;   occasion 


laughter;  play  a  game;  play  pranks;  play  the  fool;  play  tricks: 
produce  laughter;  put  in  good  humor;  raise  a  smile;  raise  laugh- 
ter; run  a  rig;  see  life;  set  the  table  in  a  roar;  sow  one's  wild 
oats;  take  one's  pleasures;  tickle  the  fancy;  while  away  the 
time. 


ENTERTAINMENT. 


350 


ENTIRETY-DEFICIENCY. 


ENTERTAI NM  ENT— Continued . 


Amused,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Amusing.     Entertaining. 

Festal.  1  T 

Festive./ Joyous'gay- 

Jocund.     Cheerful. 

Jolly.     Full  of  life  and  mirth. 

Jovial.     Mirth-inspiring. 

Laughable,  etc.     See  Society-LudicroUSNBSS. 

Ludibrious.     Ridiculous. 


fSK}*— * 


In  sport. ) 


Vive  la  bagatelle/  [F.]     Success  to  trifles! 


Entertainment — Adjectives. 

Diverting,  etc .     See  Verbs. 
Entertaining.     Pleasing. 
Lusory.     Playful. 
Playful .     Sporti  ve . 

Pleasant,  etc.     See  Plbasurablenbs*. 
Recreative.     Giving  relief  after  labor. 
Rompish.     Given  to  rude  play. 
Witty,  etc.     See  Wittiness. 

Entertainment — Adverbs, 

Entertainment — Interjections. 

Vogue  la  galere!  [F.J     Let  the  world  wag! 

Entertainment — Phrases. 


Atbiter  bibendi  [L.].     Toast-master. 

Deus  nobis  hmc  otia  fecit  [L.].     God  has  given  us  this  ease. 

Dum  vivimus  vivamus  [L.].     While  we  live,  let  us  live. 

"  On  the  light  fantastic  toe."     Dancing.    [Milton,  L'  Allegro ,  34.] 


Playful  as  a  kitten. 

"Pleased  with  a  feather,  tickled  with  a  straw."     [*'The  child,  bj 

nature's  kindly  law.  Pleased  with  a  rattle,  tickled  with  a  straw." 

Pope,  Essay  on  Man,  ii,  275.] 


entetf  [F.]  (an*-t6-te").  Obstinate.  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy, Conceit-Diffidence,  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment. 

en-thrall'.  To  enslave;  to  bring  the  mind  under  any 
overmastering  influence.  Liberty -Subjection, 
Release-Restraint. 

ea-thral'-ment.     Enslavement.     Liberty-Subjection. 

en-throne'.  To  invest  with  authority.  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

en-throne'-ment.  The  act  of  placing  on  a  throne. 
Commission-Abrogation,  Reputation-Discredit. 

en-thu'-si-asm.  Fervor.  Emotion,  Love-Hate,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness. 

en-thu'-si-ast.  An  ardent  adherent.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Bigotry-Apostasy,  Saneness-Maniac. 

en-thu'-si-as-tic.     Full  of  zeal  and  fervor.     Emotion, 


Excitability-Inexcitability,  Fancy,  Sanguine- 
ness-Hopelessness,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

en'-thy-meme.  An  argument  in  which  one  of  the  pre- 
mises of  the  syllogism  is  suppressed.  Ratiocina- 
tion-Casuistry. 

en-tice'.     To  persuade.     Motive-Caprice. 

en-tice'-ment.     Inducement.     Motive-Caprice. 

en-ti'-cing.       Alluring.       Pleasurableness-Painful- 

NESS. 

en-tire'.  Whole.  Continuity-Interruption,  En- 
tirety-Deficiency, Whole-Part;  entire  horse, 
Male-Female. 

en-tire'-ly.  Completely.  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Whole-Part. 

en-tire'-ty.  Entireness;  a  complete  thing.  Entirety- 
Deficiency,  Whole-Part. 


entirety-deficiency. 


All.     The  entire  number. 

Allness.     Completeness. 

Completeness.     The  state  of  lacking  nothing1. 

Entirety.     The  state  of  being  uninjured  or  unmarred. 

Fill.     That  which  fills  or  is  sufficient  to  fill. 

Perfection,  etc.     The  state  of  having  completeness  with  highest  ex 

cellence  of  parts,  etc.     See  Faultlessness. 
Replete.     Completely  filled;  abounding. 
Sufficiency.     The  state  of  being  enough  for  a  specific  purpose. 

Entirety — Denotations. 

Bellyful.     All  that  the  stomach  will  hold;  hence,  one's  fill;  more 

than  enough 
Brimmer.  \  A    j  filled  to  th   brim 

Bumper.  >      *  " 

Flood-tide.   ) 

High-tide.      >  The  coming  in  of  the  tide ;  the  tide  at  its  height. 
High-water.) 

Load.     As  much  as  can  be  carried. 
Spring-tide       The  high-tide  that  occurs  twice  every  month,  at  the 

times  of  new  and  full  moon. 

Entirety — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Complement.     Something  that  fills  up  or  completes  what  any  num- 
ber, quantity,  etc.,  lacks  of  completeness. 
Completion,  etc.     See  Completion. 
Filling-up.     That  which  fills  up. 
Ideal.     The  highest  degree  of  perfection. 
Impletion.      The  act  of  filling. 
Integration .      The  collection  of  parts  into  a  whole . 
Limit.      Boundary. 

Make  weight.     Something  added  to  give  weight. 
Ne  plus  ultra  [L.].     The  farthest  point;  perfection. 


Defect.     Lack  or  absence  of  something  essential  to  the  completenesa 

of  a  thing. 
Deficiency.     A  state  of  being  wanting  in  completeness. 
Immaturity.     Imperfection  in  development. 
Imperfection,  etc.     Want  of  perfection.    See  Faultlessness-Fault* 

INESS. 

Incompleteness.     An  unfinished  state. 

Insufficiency,  etc.     Inadequateness.     See  Excess-Lack. 

Non-completion.     See  Completion-Noncompletion. 

Omission.     Act  of  omitting  or  leaving  out. 

Shortcoming,  etc.     The  act  of  failing.     See  Transcursion-Short- 

coming. 
Short  measure.     Quantity  below  the  standard  measurement. 

Deficiency — Denotations. 

Baldhead.     One  whose  head  is  bald. 

Break.     An  opening  or  breach  made  as  by  breaking 

Caret.      A  sign  (A)   placed  below  a  line,  indicating  where  omitted 

words,  letters,  etc.,  should  be  inserted. 
Defalcation.     Embezzlement. 
Deficit.     A  falling  short  in  amount. 

Half-measures.     An  imperfect  or  inadequate  measure ,  plan  or  effort. 
Interval.     A  break  in  space.     See  Interspace. 
Part  wanting.     Incompleteness 

Deficiency — Verbs. 

Be  incomplete.     To  be  unfinished. 

Caret  [L-J.     It  is  wanting. 

Fall  short  of,  etc.     To  be  incomplete.     See  Transcurston-Short 

coming. 
Lack.     To  be  in  want. 
Neglect,  etc.     To  omit.     See  Carefulness-Carelessness. 


ENTIRETY. 


351 


ENTIRETY. 


ENTIRETY— DEFICIENCY— Continued. 


ENTIRETY— Nouns  of  Cause— Continued. 

Saturitv       J  '^ie  s^ate  °^  being  completely  permeated. 

Solidarity.     An  entire  union. 

Solidity.     State  of  being  i'ull . 

Supplement.     Something  added  that  supplies  a  deficiency. 

Unity.     State  of  being  complete. 

Entirety — Verbs. 

Be  complete      To  lack  nothing. 

Charge.     To  fill. 

Come  to  a  head.     To  come  to  an  issue  or  climax. 

Complete.     To  fill  up  or  fill  out. 

Eke  out.     To  make  barely  sufficient 

Fill.     To  cause  the  whole  space  to  be  occupied. 

Fill  in.     To  insert  something  in  a  vacant  place. 

Fill  to  the  brim.       >  _ 

Fill  the  measure  of./  To  comPlete- 

Fill  up.     To  make  full. 

Go  all  lengths.     To  use  every  effort. 

Go  the  whole  hog .     To  go  to  the  utmost  limit. 

Go  the  whole  length.     To  go  as  far  as  possible. 

Load.     To  heap  up;  to  fill. 

Make  good.     To  supply  a  deficit. 

Make  up.     To  supply  a  deficiency. 

Piece  out.     To  complete  by  adding  to. 

Render  complete.     To  make  lacking  nothing. 

Replenish.     To  fill  again 

Saturate.     To  fill  by  absorption. 

Supply  deficiencies.     To  make  up  for  a  want. 

Entirety — Adjectives. 
Absolute.     Free  from  limitations. 
Abundant.     Fully  sufficient. 
All-sided.     Developed  on  all  sides. 
Ascititious.     Not  essential ;  added  from  without. 
As  full  as  an  egg  is  of  meat.     Filled  to  the  shell. 
As  full  as  a  vetch.     As  full  as  a  pea-pod. 
Brimf ul.     Filled  to  the  point  of  overflowing. 
Brimming.     Full  or  filling  to  the  brim. 
Chock-full.     Choke-full. 
Choke-full.     Completely  full. 
Complete.     Having  all  the  needed  or  usual  parts. 
Completing.     Making  complete. 
Consummate.     Finished;  complete. 
Crammed.     Filled. 
Entire.     Complete  in  all  its  parts 
Exhaustive.     Thorough  and  complete. 
Fraught.     Filled;  loaded. 
Free.     Not  under  restraint 
Full.     With  as  much  in  as  possible. 
Full-charged.     Carrying  as  much  as  possible. 
Full-fraught.     Fully  laden. 
Full-laden.     With  a  full  load. 
Good.     Full  or  complete  in  measure. 
Heavy  laden.     Carrying  much. 
Laden.     Filled  up. 

Perfect,  etc.     Without  defect  or  lack.     See  Faultlessness. 
Plenary.     Full  in  all  respects ;  entire;  absolute. 
Radical.     Carried  to  {he  fullest  limit. 
Regular.     Thoroughgoing;  complete. 
Replete.     Full  to  the  uttermost. 
Saturated.     Filled  by  absorption. 
Sheer.     Utter. 
Solid.     Completely  filled. 

Supplemental.     Like,  or  pertaining  to  a  supplement. 
Supplementary.     Supplemental. 
Sweeping.     Carrying  all  before  it. 
Thorough.     Complete;  going  through  and  through. 
Thoroughgoing.     Going  to  the  bottom  of  things. 
Topful.     Brimful. 

Unconditional.     Not  limited  in  any  way. 
Undivided.     Entire. 
Unmitigated.     Having  full  force. 
Unqualified.     Without  limitations  or  restrictions. 
Whole,  etc.     Having  all  the  parts      See  Faultlessness. 
With  all  its  parts.    Whole . 

Entirety — Adverbs. 
Ab  ovo  usque  ad  mala  [L.j.     From  egg  to  apples. 
A  capite  ad  calcem  [L.].     From  head  to  heel. 
A  fond  [F.].     To  the  bottom. 


Deficiency — Adjectives. 
Crude.     Unfinished. 
Defective.     Lacking  a  part. 
Deficient.     Not  meeting  certain  requirements. 
Docked.     Curtailed. 
Failing.     Wanting. 

Garbled.     To  pick  out  parts  to  serve  a  purpose. 
Going  on.     In  process  of  completion. 
Half-and-half. 

Hollow.     Containing  an  empty  space. 
Imperfect,  etc.     Not  complete  in  all  its  parts.     See  Faultlessness- 

Faultiness. 
In  arrear.     Unpaid  though  due. 
Incomplete.     Not  finished. 
In  default.     Incompleted. 
In  hand.     In  process  of  being  made. 
In  progress.     Unfinished. 
Lame.     Imperfect;  unsatisfactory. 
Lopped.     Cut  off. 

Meager.     Defective  in  quantity  or  poor  in  quality. 
Mutilated.     Crippled. 

Perfunctory.     Done  without  interest  or  zeal. 
Proceeding.     In  the  process. 
Short.     Defective. 
Short  of.     Incomplete. 
Sketchy.     Containing  only  an  outline. 
Truncated.     Cut  short. 
Uncompleted,  etc.     See  Completion. 
Unfinished.     Incomplete. 
Wanting.     Deficient. 

Deficiency — Adverbs. 

By  halves.     Incompletely. 
Incompletely.     Inadequately. 

Deficiency — Phrase. 

Cetera  desunt  [L.].     The  rest  is  wanting. 


[A  Roman  meal.] 


ENTIRETY— Adverbs— Continued. 

Altogether.     Completely. 

A  outrance  [F.J.     To  the  last  extremity;  to  the  bitter  end 

As  ...  as  can  be.     Altogether. 

As  far  as  possible.     To  the  end. 

At  all  points.     Completely. 

Cap-a-pie  [F.].     From  head  to  foot. 

Clean.     As  much  as  possible. 

Clean  as  a  whistle.     Faultlessly. 

Completely.     Fully;  entirely. 

De  fond  en  comble  [F.].     From  bottom  to  top. 

Effectually      Thoroughly. 

Every  inch.)  n        ,  .  t 

Every  whit.  /Completely. 

Fore  and  aft.     From  one  end  of  a  vessel  to  the  other. 

For  good  and  all.     Always. 

From  beginning  to  end. 

From  end  to  end. 

From  first  to  last. 

From  head  to  foot.  [  Completely. 

From  one  end  to  the  other. 

From  top  to  bottom. 

From  top  to  toe. 

Fully.     As  much  as  possible. 

Head  and  shoulders.     Altogether. 

Heart  and  soul.     With  all  one's  might. 

Hollow.     Utterly;  completely. 

In  all  respects.     1  «        .  .  ,  • 

In  every  respect. /Completely. 

In  toto  [L.].     In  the  whole;  totally. 

Neck  anu  crop.     Altogether  and  at  once. 

Heck  and  heel.     With  full  speed. 

Nicely.     Very  well. 

On  all  accounts.     For  every  reason. 

Out  and  out.     Completely. 

Outright.     Completely. 

Over  head  and  ears.     Altogether. 

Quite.     Without  limitation. 

Root  and  branch.     In  a  thorough  manner;  completely. 

Sous  tous  les  rapports  [P.].     In  all  respects. 

Stark.     In  the  greatest  degree. 

Throughout.     From  beginning  to  end. 


ENTIRETY. 


352 


ENTITY— NONENTITY. 


ENTIRETY— Adverbs— Continued. 


Through  thick  and  thin.     Through  all  obstacles. 

To  all  intents  and  purposes.     Seemingly. 

Totally.     Entirely. 

To  the  backbone.     To  the  utmost. 

To  the  end  of  the  chapter.     To  the  last. 

To  the  full.  I  „        ,  ,  . 

To  the  top  of  one's  bent.  I  ComPIete'y- 

To  the  utmost.     To  the  highest  degree. 


Toto  ccelo  [L.].     By  the  whole  heaven;  as  far  apart  as  possible. 

Up  to  the  bri m.  i 

Up  to  the  ears.  >  Completely. 

Up  to  the  eyes.) 

Utterly,     To  the  highest  degree. 

Wholly.     Entirely. 

With  a  vengeance.     Extremely. 

With  a  witness.  [Arch,  and  Colloq.J.     With  demonstrative  force. 


Entirety — Phrases. 


Falsus  in  uno,  falsus   in  omnibus  [L,].     False  in  one  point,  false        Omnem  movere  lapidem  [L.].     To  leave  no  stone  unturned. 

in  all.  Una  scopa  nuova  spazza  bene  [It  }.     "A  new  broom  sweeps  clean,** 

en-ti'-tle.      To  designate;    to  give  a  right  to  receive      en-ti'-tled  to.     Having  a  right  to.     Dueness-Undub- 
or    require.       Dueness-Undueness,    Name-Misno-  ness. 

mer.  en'-ti-ty.     Being.     Entity-Nonentity. 

ENTITY— NONENTITY. 


Actual  existence.     Indisputable  being. 

Actualism.     The  doctrine  that  all  existence  is  active 

Actuality.     State  of  being  actual. 

Being.     Having  form  in  either  mind  or  matter. 

Coexistence,  etc.  State  of  existing  at  the  same  time.  See  Coexist- 
ence 

Ens  [L.].     Entity,  being,  or  existence. 

Entity.     Essence  of  a  thing  regardless  of  its  properties. 

Esse  [L.].     Essence. 

Existence.     Continuance  of  being. 

Fact.     Reality. 

Matter  of  fact.     Something  not  imaginary. 

No  joke.     Really  the  truth 

Not  a  dream,  etc.  Truth;  not  a  figment  of  the  imagination.  See 
Fancy. 

Ontology.     The  science  of  being. 

Positiveness,  etc.     Certainty.     See  Adjectives, 

Presence,  etc.     State  of  being  present.     See  Presence. 

Reality.     Actual  existence. 

Sober  reality.     Serious  or  undeniable  truth. 

Stubborn  fact.     A  reality. 

Subsistence.     Process  of  living. 

Truth.     That  which  is  according  to  facts.     See  Truth. 

Entity — Verbs. 

Arise.     To  happen.     See  Beginning. 

Be.     To  exist. 

Become.  To  change  or  pass  from  one  state  to  another.  See  Con- 
version. 

Be  the  case.     Facts  to  be  as  given. 

Breathe.     To  have  life. 

Bring  into  existence.  To  make  something  grand  out  of  disconnected 
or  conflicting  parts.     See  Creation. 

Come  forth.     To  issue  from.     See  Visibility. 

Come  into  existence.     To  commence,  to  exist. 

Consist  in.     To  be  marked  by;  to  depend  on. 

Exist.     To  have  being. 

Find  oneself.     To  become  aware  of  being. 

Have  being.     To  exist. 

Have  place.     To  belong;  have  room. 

Lie  in.     To  depend  on  for  existence. 

Live.     To  have  life. 

Obtain.     To  be  true;  to  prevail. 

Occur,  etc.     To  come  to  pass ;  to  happen.     See  Occurrence. 

Pass  the  time.     To  do  something  while  the  time  passes. 

Prevail.     To  be  widely  in  force. 

Stand.     To  be  firm  or  unalterable 

Subsist.     To  retain  existence. 

Vegetate.     To  live  in  idleness. 

Entity — Adjectives. 
Absolute.     Unconditional. 
Actual.     Existing  as  the  result  of  antecedents. 
Afloat.     Not  having  disappeared. 
Current.     In  vogue. 

ExUtfnt'}  H*""1^1*"1*-     ^  Verbs- 

Extant.     Not  lost  or  destroyed. 

In  existence.     Not  lost. 

Not  potential.     Real.     See  Entity-Nonentity. 

On  foot.     In  action. 


Abeyance.     Inaction. 

Absence,  etc.  State  of  not  being  present.  See  Presence-Ab- 
sence. 

Annihilation.     Complete  destruction. 

Blank.     Unoccupied  surface,  space,  or  time. 

Extinction,  etc.  State  of  being  quenched  or  suppressed,  as  life,  light. 
See  Creation-Destruction. 

Inexistence.     State  of  not  having  existence. 

Negativeness.     State  of  lacking  activity.     See  Adjectives. 

Nihilism.     The  doctrine  that  nothing  exists. 

Nihility.     Nothingness. 

Nil.     Nothing. 

Nonentity.     Not  a  reality. 

Non-existence.     Inexistence. 

Non-subsistence.     State  of  not  having  life. 

No  such  thing,  etc.     That  is  not  true.     See  Substance-Nullity. 

Nullity.     State  of  not  being  a  reality. 

Tabula  rasa  [L.J.     A  blank  tablet. 

Nonentity — Verbs. 

Abrogate,  etc.  To  abolish  or  repeal  with  authority.  See  Commis- 
sion-Abrogation. 

Annihilate.     To  totally  destroy. 

Become  extinct,  etc.     To  lose  existence.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  extinct.     To  have  lost  former  existence. 

Be  no  more.     To  be"dead;  to  have  lost  its  identity. 

Be  null  and  void.     To  be  invalid. 

Cease  to  exist,  etc.  To  leave  the  state  of  being  or  of  living.  Se* 
Entity. 

Destroy,  etc.     To  ruin ;  to  kill.     See  Creation-Destruction. 

Die,  etc.     To  stop  living.     See  Life-Death. 

Disappear,  etc.  To  pass  from  sight.  See  Appearance-Disappear' 
ance. 

Dissolve.     To  melt  or  separate  into  parts  in  a  liquid. 

Go.     To  depart  from  this  state  of  existence. 

Have  no  existence,  etc.     Not  to  be  a  reality.     See  Entity. 

Leave  not  a  track  behind.     To  disappear  in  its  entirety. 

Melt  away.     To  be  dissipated. 

Not  exist,  etc.     Not  to  be.     See  Entity. 

Nullify.     To  make  of  no  effect. 

Pass  away.     To  lose  existence. 

Perish.     To  become  nothing;  to  decay. 

Remove,  etc.  To  change  from  this  state  to  another.  See  Estab- 
lishment-Removal. 

Render  null.     To  make  worthless. 

Take  away.     To  move  from. 

Nonentity — Adjectives. 

Absent.     Not  present.     See  Presence-Absence. 

Annihilated,  etc.     Entirely  destroyed,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Baseless.     Without  foundation. 

Blank.     Free  from  writing  or  printing. 

Defunct.      Dead;  extinct.     See  Life-Death. 

Departed.      Dead. 

Exhausted.     Having  lost  its  vital  force. 

Extinct.     Quenched;  put  out. 

Fabulous.     Unreal. 

Gone.     Ruined;  deceased. 

Ideal.     Not  practical.     See  Fancy. 

Lost.     Gone  beyond  recovery. 


ENTITY. 


353 


ENTRANCE— EXIT. 


ENTITY— NONENTITY— Continued 


ENTITY— Adjectives— Continued. 

Positive.     Not  admitting  of  doubt. 

Prevalent.     Superior;  customary. 

Real.     In  its  true  essence. 

Self-existent.  I  „  .    .      .     . 

Self-existingJ  Having  be,ng  by  lts  own  power- 

Substantial.      Having  or  pertaining  to  the  real  existence. 

Substantive .      Pertaining  to  what  is  essential. 

True,  etc      According  to  facts.     See  Truth. 

Under  the  sun.      In  existence. 

Undestroyed.      Not  destroyed. 

Unideal.     Not  ideal. 

Unimagined.     Not  merely  fanciful. 

Well-founded.     Originated  with  good  reasons  or  grounds. 

Entity — Adverbs. 
Actually.     Truly;  in  the  present  state.     See  under  Adjectives. 
Indeed.     In  truth. 
In  fact.     As  a  matter  of  truth. 
In  point  of  fact.     As  regards  the  fact. 
In  reality.     Really. 
De  facto  [L.  ].     From  the  fact. 
Ipso  facto  [L.].     By  the  very  fact. 

Entity — Phrases . 
Ens  rationis  [L.].     A  creature  of  reason. 
Ergo  sum,  cogito  [LJ.     I  think,  therefore  I  am. 


NONENTITY— Adjectives— Continued. 

Missing.     Not  to  be  found;  departed 

Negative.     Not  active ;  tending  to  go  in  the  opposite  direction. 

Omitted.     Left  out. 

Perished.     Decayed;  passed  from  life. 

Potential.     Possible,  but  not  yet  existing. 

Supposititious.      Only  imagined.     See  Hypothesis. 

Unbegotten.     Not  yet  brought  forth. 

Unborn.     Not  yet  born. 

Unconceived.      Not  yet  conceived  or  thought  of. 

Uncreated.     Not  yet  created. 

Unmade.     Not  yet  made. 

Unproduced.     Not  yet  produced. 

Unreal.     Not  having  reality. 

Unsubstantial.     Without  substance.     See  Substance-Nullity 

Vain.     Profitless;  unreal. 

Virtual.     Efficacious  without  the  agency  of  the  material 

Nonentity — Adverbs. 

Negatively.     In  a  manner  implying  the  lack  of  something. 
Virtually       In  effect,  but  not  in  reality.     See  Adjectives* 

Nonentity — Phrase. 
Non  ens  [L.].     Nonentity. 


en-tomb'.  To  bury.  Life-Funeral,  Release-Re- 
straint. 

en"-to-mor-o-gy.  The  branch  of  zoology  that  treats  of 
insects.     Zoology-Botany. 

en"-tou"-rage' .  Associates;  surroundings.  Environ- 
ment-Interposition. 


en"-to-zo'-on.  One  of  the  entozoa.  Greatness-L-t- 
tleness. 

en'-trails.     Viscera.     Outside-Inside. 

en-tram'-mel.     To  hamper.     Release-Restraint. 

en'-trance.  The  act  or  place  of  entering.  Beginning- 
End,  Entrance-Exit;  give  entrance  to,  Admission- 
Expulsion.  Entrance-Exit. 


ENTRANCE— EXIT. 


Admission,  etc.  The  act  of  entering  with  some  one's  consent.  See 
Admission. 

Entrance.     The  act  of  passing  into  a  place  or  condition. 

Entry.     The  act  of  coming  or  going  in. 

Illapse.     A  sliding  into. 

Immigration.     Going  into  a  country  for  permanent  residence. 

Import.     That  which  is  brought  from  one  country  into  another. 

Incursion.     A  hostile  entrance  into  a  land. 

Infiltration.  Entrance  of  a  liquid  or  gas  by  passing  through  small 
openings. 

Influx.      Entrance  by  flowing  in. 

Ingress.     The  act  or  right  of  entering. 

Inroad.     A  forcible  encroachment. 

Insertion,  etc.  The  act  of  putting  between  or  among  other  things. 
See  Injection. 

Insinuation,  etc.  The  act  of  introducing  gradually.  See  Environ- 
ment-Interposition. 

Interpenetration.     The  act  of  penetrating  deeply. 

Introgression.     The  act  of  going  into. 

Intrusion.     The  act  of  coming  into  without  permission. 

Invasion.     A  hostile  entrance. 

Irruption.     A  breaking  or  rushing  in. 

Penetration.     The  act  of  entering  deeply. 

Entrance — Denotations,  etc. 

Barway.     A  way  closed  by  bars. 

Conduit.  A  tube,  pipe,  or  passageway  for  a  fluid.  See  Water- 
course. 

Door.     The  entrance  to  a  house.     See  Aperture. 

Immigrant.     A  foreigner  who  enters  a  country  to  settle  there. 

Inlet.      A  small  body  of  water  leading  into  a  larger. 

Mouth.  The  orifice  in  the  face  through  which  food  is  taken  into  the 
body. 

Path.     A  way  or  narrow  road.     See  Way. 

Way  in.     A  passage. 

Entrance — Verbs. 

Break  in.     1  ~    t 

R       k  '    to  J         *orce  an  entrance. 

Break  in  upon.      To  come  upon  suddenly. 
Burst  in.  | 

Burst  into.        >Tn  break  in  with  violence. 
Burst  in  upon.) 
2X 


Dtbouche'  [F.].     An  outlet  for  goods. 

Defluxion.     The  flowing  off  of  liquids. 

Discharge,  etc.     The  issuing  out  of  a  liquid.     See  Nutriment-Ex 

cretion. 
Distillation.     An  emission  by  drops. 
Drain.     The  act  of  drawing  a  fluid  off  gradually. 
Drainage.     The  gradual  flowing  off  of  any  liquid. 
Dribbling,  etc.     A  falling  by  drops.     See  Verbs. 
Effluence.     A  flowing  out. 

Efflux.     The  act  or  process  of  flowing  forth  in  a  stream. 
Effluxion.     A  flowing  forth . 
Effusion.     The  act  or  process  of  pouring  forth. 
Egress.     A  going  or  passing  out. 
Emanation .     The  act  of  proceeding  from  a  source. 
Emergence.     The  process  of  coming  forth,  as  from  a  fluid. 
Emersion.     The  act  or  process  of  rising  out  of  something. 
Emigrant.     One  who  leaves  his  country. 
Emigration.     Removal  from  one  country  to  another. 
Eruption.     A  breaking  forth  with  violence. 
Evacuation.     A  discharge  of  fluids. 
Exit.     Departure;  passage  out  of  a  place. 
Exodus.     A  going  out.     See  Arrival-Departure. 
Expatriation.     Leaving  and  forsaking  of  one's  country. 
Export.     Act  of  sending  out  of  a  country. 
Extravasation.     The  act  of  escaping  from  the  proper  vessel. 
Exudation.     Discharge,  as  through  pores  or  incisions. 
Gush,  etc.     A  sudden  outpouring.     See  River. 
Issue.     The  act  of  passing  or  flowing  out. 
Leakage.     The  act  of  oozing  out  through  a  containing  vessel 
Oozing.     To  flow  out  slowly  and  imperceptibly. 
Outbreak.     A  sudden  and  violent  issuing  forth 
Outburst.     A  violent  breaking  forth. 
Outcome.     The  visible  result. 
Outpour.     A  free  and  steady  outflow. 
Outpouring.     The  act  of  flowing  out  freely. 

Output.     The  quantity  produced  ready  for  use  in  a  specified  time. 
Percolation.     The  act  of  passing  through  fine  interstices. 
Perspiration.     The  secretion  of  sweat  by  pores  of  the  skin. 
Proruption.     A  bursting  forth  or  out. 

Remigration .      Return  to  the  place  from  which  one  came. 
Sweating.     The  act  of  exuding  moisture  in  drops. 
Transudation.     The  act  of  passing  through  the  pores  or  interstices  of 

a  membranous  substance. 


ENTRANCE. 


354 


ENUNCIATION. 


ENTRANCE— EXIT— Continued. 


ENTRANCE— Verbs— Continued. 

Come  in.    1  „ 

Come  into.}  Enter- 

Creep  in.     J  „  .... 

Creep  into.  J  To  enter  stealthily. 

Enter.     To  pass  into. 

Find  one's  way  into.     Find  entrance. 

Flow  in.    )  -.        .     .  . 

Flow  into  J  l°enterin  a  steady  stream. 

Give  entrance  tof  etc.     See  Admission. 

£°!n;     }  Enter. 
Go  into.  ) 

Have  the  entrie.     To  have  a  privilege  of  entering  as  a  visitor. 

Infiltrate.     To  enter  through  small  openings. 

Insert,  etc.     To  enter  among.     See  Injection. 

Insinuate  itself.     To  enter  gradually. 

Interpenetrate.     To  penetrate  within  or  between. 

Intrude.     To  enter  without  invitation. 

Invade.     To  enter  a  land  with  a  hostile  army. 

Penetrate.     To  enter  into  the  interior. 

Pop"  into.  }  To  enter  suddenly. 

Pom  into. }  To  enter  with  rapid  flow- 
Set  foot  on.     To  enter  upon  a  new  shore. 

Slip  into.}  To  go  in  stealthily . 


Exit — Nouns  of  Means. 


Slip  into. 
Worm  or 
Wriggle  ; 


Worm  oneself  into.  1  ™  ...    ,.„     .■ 

|  To  enter  with  difficulty. 


Entrance  — A  djectives 
Entrant.     Going  in. 
Incoming.      Entering. 
Penetrable.     That  which  may  be  pierced  by  any  force. 


EXIT — Verbs — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Pour  out.     To  send  forth  continuously  and  abundantly. 

Pour  out  of.     To  flow  from  in  a  continuous  and  copious  stream. 

Run.     To  give  forth  a  discharge  or  flow. 

Run  out.     To  become  empty  from  continual  draining  off. 

Run  through.     To  get  rid  of  by  squandering. 

Spout.     To  pour  out  copiously  and  forcibly. 

Strain.     To  pass  through  some  porous  substance  so  as  to  be  purified. 

Sweat.     To  exude  moisture  in  drops. 

Transcolate.     To  cause  to  pass  through  a  sieve. 

Transude.     To  pass  through  a  membranous  substance. 

Trickle,  etc.     To  flow  slowly  by  drops,  etc.     See  River. 

Well.     To  pour  forth  as  from  a  spring. 

Well  out.     To  issue  forth. 

Exit — Adjectives. 
Effused,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Emanant.     Flowing  from  a  source. 
Outgoing.     Issuing  out. 


1  To  come  into  view. 


Air-pipe,  etc.     See  Watercourse-Airpipe. 

Conduit,  etc.     See  Watercourse-Airpipe. 

Door,  etc.     See  Aperture-Closure. 

Floodgate.     A  gate  for  regulating  the  flow  of  water. 

Mouth.     The  entrance  of  the  alimentary  canal. 

Outgate.     A  way  out. 

Outlet.     A  passage  for  escape  or  discharge. 

Path,  etc.     See  Way. 

Pour.     A  heavy  flow. 

Sally-port.     A  gate  or  passage  in  a  fortification. 

Sluice.     An  artificial  water-channel. 

Spout.     A  tube  for  the  discharge  of  a  liquid. 

Tap.     An  arrangement  for  drawing  liquid  from  a  cask. 

Vent.     A  small  hole  for  the  passage  of  something. 

Vomitory.     The  principal  entrance  to  a  Roman  theater. 

Way  out.     A  passage  or  means  of  exit. 

Exit — Verbs. 
Break  forth.     ") 

Burst  out.  fTo  issue  forth  violently. 

Burst  through./ 
Come  forth. 
Come  out  of.  J 
Debouch.     To  march  out  of  a  narrow  place. 
Discharge  itself.     To  send  forth  the  contents  of. 
Disembogue.     To  flow  out  at  the  mouth,  as  a  river. 
Distil.     To  give  forth  in  drops. 
Drain.     To  flow  away  gradually. 
Dribble.     To  flow  in  a  scanty  and  broken  stream. 
Effuse.     To  pour  forth  widely. 
Egurgitate.     To  gush  out. 
Emanate.     To  flow  forth  from  a  source. 
Emerge.     To  come  forth  from  concealment. 
Escape.     To  slip  out  or  away  from. 

Evacuate.     To  discharge  through  the  excretory  passages. 
Extravasate.     To  escape  from  the  proper  vessel. 
Exude.     To  discharge  gradually  through  small  openings. 
Filter.     To  pass  through  a  porous  substance. 
Filtrate.     To  purify  by  straining. 
Find  vent.     To  find  an  outlet. 

p..      '     .     -  r  To  proceed  from  a  source  in  a  steady  stream. 

Go  out  of.     To  depart. 

Gush.     To  pour  out  suddenly  and  in  volume. 

Issue.     To  pass  from  any  enclosed  place. 

Leak.     To  escape  through  a  defective  part  of  the  containing  vessel. 

Move  out  of.     To  leave. 

Ooze.     To  discharge  slowly. 

Pass  off.     To  be  thrown  off  as  an  exhalation. 

Pass  out  of.     To  issue  from. 

Percolate.     To  pass  through  interstices. 

Perspire.     To  emit  through  the  pores  of  the  skin. 

Pour.     To  cause  to  flow  out  in  a  stream. 

(Continued  on  Column  1  ) 


en-trance  .  To  ravish  with  delight.  Devotion- 
Magic,  Pleas  urableness-Pain  fulness. 

en-tranced'.     Ravished  with  delight.    Pleasure-Pain. 

en-trance'-ment.     The  act  of  entrancing.     Excitation. 

en-tran'-cing.  Very  delightful.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

en'-trant.  Entering;  admitting.  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Entrance-Exit. 

en-trap'.     To  ensnare.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

en-treat'.     To  beseech.     Petition-Expostulation. 

en-treat'-y.  An  earnest  request.  Petition-Expostu- 
lation. 

entree  [F.]  (an*-tre').  Entry;  aside-dish.  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Nutriment-Excretion;  give  the  entree, 
Admission-Expulsion;  have  the  entrie,  Entrance- 
Exit. 

entremet  [F.].  (an'"tr-m6').  A  side  dish  or  dishes. 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

entre  nous  [F.]  (an*tr  nu).  Between  us.  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy. 

entrepreneur    [F.]   (an'"tr-pre-nur') .     One  who    starts 


and  conducts  extensive  industrial  enterprises.     Act- 
ing. 
entrepdt  [F.]  (cur'tr-po").     A  distributing  commercial 
Market,  Store. 


A  half  story.     Contents- 


center;  a  depot. 

entresol    [F.]   (an*'tr-sol"). 
Receiver. 

en-trust'.     To  confide.     Credit-Debt,  Commission-Ab- 
rogation, Giving-Receiving,  Leave-Prohibition. 

en'-try.        Entrance.         Beginning-End,   Entrance- 
Exit,  Mark-Obliteration. 

en-twine'.     To  twine  round;  to  interweave.     Circle- 
Winding,  Crossing,  Union-Disunion 

e-nu:-cle-ate.        To  disclose.        Interpretation-Mis- 
interpretation. 

e-nu'-mer-ate.        To  specify  singly.  Numbering; 

enumerate  among,  Admission-Exclusion. 

e-nu"-mer-a'-tion.     Act  of  enumerating.     Numbering. 

e-nun'-ci-ate.      To  articulate;   to  speak.      Assertion- 
Denial,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

e-nun"-ci-a'-tion.      Definite  statement.      Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecv,  Vocalization-Muteness. 


ENUNCIATIVE. 


355 


ENVIRONMENT— INTERPOSITION. 


e-nun'-ci-a-tive.  Declarative.  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy. 

en-vel'-op.     To  wrap  up.     Dress-Undress. 

en-vel'-ope.  A  wrapper.  Confinement,  Cover- 
Lining,  Enclosure. 

en-ven'-om.  To  infuse  venom  into.  Alleviation- 
Aggravation,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Fa- 
vorite-Anger, Love-Hate. 

en-ven'-omed.     Malignant.     Charitableness-Malev- 


olence,     Goodness-Badness,     Healthiness-Un- 

HEALTHINESS,  PleASURABLENESS-PaINFULNESS. 

en'-vious.    Spiteful.     Pardon-Envy. 

en'-vi-ous-ness.    Spitefulness.     Pardon-Envy. 

en-vi'-ron.  To  encompass.  Environment- Interpo- 
sition. 

en-vi'-ron-ment.  Surroundings.  Environment-Inter- 
position. 


ENVIRONMENT— INTERPOSITION. 


Circumambience.     A  going  around  or  surrounding. 

Circutnjacence.     The  condition  or  state  of  lying  on  all  sides. 

Encompassment.     The  act  of  surrounding. 

Entourage  [F.].     Surroundings;  adjuncts. 

Environment.     That  which  surrounds;  the  act  of  surrounding. 

Surroundings.     That  which  environs. 

Environment — Denotations. 

Atmosphere.     The  body  of  air  that  surrounds  the  earth. 

Banlieue  [F.].     Outskirts. 

Border.     The  outer  portion  or  limit. 

Boulevard.     Originally,  a  rampart;  now  a  broad  city  avenue. 

Encincture.     A  girdle. 

Environs.     The  surrounding  regions. 

Fattbourgs  [F.].     A  quarter  of  a  city  outside  the  old  walls. 

Girdle.     A  band  that  encircles  the  waist. 

Medium.     Anything  that  serves  or  acts  intermediately  between  two 

bodies;  hence,  something  surrounding  or  bordering  on  these  bodies. 
Outpost.     A  line  of  defense  held  by  a  body  of  troops  stationed  at  a 

distance  from  the  main  body. 
Outskirts.     Border  regions. 
Precincts.     A  j..ace  definitely  marked  out  by  boundaries. 

f  Outlying  districts. 


Suburbs. 


Environment — Verbs. 


Begird.     To  surround  with  a  band- 

Beset.     To  hem  in  on  all  sides. 

Circumvent.     To  gain  advantage  over. 

Compass.     To  go  about  or  around. 

Embrace.     To  clasp  or  enclose  in  the  arms. 

Encircle.     To  form  a  circle  about. 

Enclose.     To  inclose. 

Encompass.     To  describe  a  circle  about. 

Engird.     To  surround,  as  with  a  girdle. 

Environ.     To  surround. 

Gird.     To  surround  with  a  band. 

Hem  in.     To  surround. 

Inclose.     To  confine  on  all  sides. 

Lap.     To  enfold  or  involve. 

Lie  around.     To  be  situated  around. 

Skirt.     To  border. 

Surround.     To  shut  in  on  all  sides. 

Twine  around.     To  encircle  or  coil  around. 

Environment — Adjectives. 

Ambient.     Encompassing  on  all  sides. 
Circumambient.     Being  on  all  sides. 
Circumfluent.     Flowing  round. 
Circumjacent.     Bordering  on  all  sides. 
Circumferential.      Pertaining  to  the  circumference. 
Suburban.     Of  or  pertaining  to  a  suburb. 
Surrounding.     Going  completely  around. 

Environment — Adverbs. 

Ground.}  °xiaUsides- 

Around.     In  a  circle. 

On  all  sides.     1-,  ,  . 

On  every  side./  Everywhere  around. 

Right  and  left.  On  all  sides. 
Round  about.  Surrounded. 
Without.     In  or  on  the  outer  part.. 


INTERPOSITION— Verbs— Continued  from  Column  a. 

Interleave.     To  insert  a  leaf  into. 
Interline.     To  write  between  lines. 
Interpenetrate.     To  penetrate  between  substances. 
Interpolate.     To  add  a  spurious  word  to  a  manuscript. 


Dovetailing.     A  fitting  by  means  of  mortise  and  socket. 

Embolism.  Insertion  of  time  in  an  account  of  time  to  produce  regu- 
larity. 

Infiltration.     The  process  of  causing  to  pass  through  pores. 

Insertion.     The  act  of  throwing  between. 

Insinuation.     Gradual  introduction. 

Intercalation.     Irregular  interpolation. 

Intercurrence.     A  running  between. 

Interference.     A  taking  part  in  the  affairs  of  others. 

Interjacence.     A  lying  between. 

Interjection.     The  act  of  throwing  between. 

Interlineation.     Insertion  of  words  between  lines. 

Interlocation.     A  placing  between. 

Interpenetration.     A  passing  into  each  other  reciprocally. 

Interpolation.  The  act  of  putting  words  into  passages  to  which  they 
do  not  belong. 

Interposition.     The  state  of  being  between. 

Interspersion.  Act  of  putting  between  or  among  in  a  scattering 
fashion. 

Intervenience.\  .    .    ,  .    . 

Intervention,    i  Act  of  coming  between' 

Intrusion.     Act  of  entering  into  a  place  without  right  or  Invitation. 

Obtrusion.     Act  of  interrupting  something  by  its  presence. 

Partition.     Act  of  dividing. 

Permeation.     The  act  of  passing  through  pores. 

Interposition — Denotations,  etc. 

Bodkin.     An  instrument  for  piercing  holes  in  cloth. 

Diaphragm.  A  muscle  situated  between  the  thoracic  and  abdominal 
cavities. 

Episode.  An  incident  connected  with  some  important  occasion  or 
event. 

Fly-leaf.     Blank  leaf  at  beginning  or  end  of  a  book. 

Half-way  house.     House  midway  between  two  places. 

Indigitation.     The  space  between  fingers. 

Intermediary.     Something  acting  or  lying  between  things. 

Intermedium.     Space  lying  between. 

Midriff.     The  diaphragm. 

Obiter  dictum  [L.].     A  thing  said  by  the  way. 

Panel.     Part  of  a  door  or  of  a  fence. 

Parenthesis.  Curved  lines  which  enclose  a  parenthetic  word  or 
phrase. 

Party-wall.  A  wall  placed  between  two  properties  and  used  in  com- 
mon. 

Septum.     A  dividing  membrane. 

Veil.     Cloth  hung  so  as  to  conceal  something. 

Interposition — Nouns  of  Agency. 
Go-between.     One  who  acts  as  an  agent  or  assistant  to  another  in 

intrigues. 
Interloper.     One  who  thrusts  himself  into  a  place  without  right. 
Intruder.     One  who  makes  himself  felt  where  he  is  not  desired. 

Interposition — Verbs. 
Come  between.     To  interpose. 
Dovetail.     To  fasten  by  dovetailing. 
Edge  in.     To  get  in  slyly. 
Foist  in.     To  thrust  in  wrongfully. 
Get  between.     To  arrive  between. 
Have  a  finger  in  the  pie.     To  be  concerned  in. 
Import.     To  introduce  from  without. 
Infiltrate.     To  enter  by  penetrating  the  pores. 
Ingrain.     To  impregnate  the  whole  matter. 
Insinuate.     To  creep,  wind,  or  flow  in. 
Intercalate.     To  insert  between  others. 
Interdigitate .     To  interweave . 
Interfere.     To  intermeddle. 
Interject.     To  throw  in  between. 
Interlard.     To  diversify  by  mixture. 

(Continued  on  Column  i.) 


ENVIRONMENT—  INTERPOSITION. 


356 


EPIGRAM. 


INTERPOSITION— Verbs— Continued. 


Interpose.     To  place  between. 

Intersperse.     To  scatter  or  set  here  and  there. 

Intervene.     To  come  or  be  between  persons  or  things. 

Interweave.     To  intermix. 

Introduce.     To  lead  or  bring  in. 

Introduce  the  thin  end  of  the  wedge.     To  start  something  in  a  small 

way. 
Intrude.     To  thrust  in. 
Jam  in.     To  press  into  a  tight  place. 
Let  in.     To  give  leave  to  come  in. 
Lie  between.     To  be  situated  between. 
Mortise.     To  cut  a  mortise  in. 
Obtrude.     To  push  into  some  place. 
Permeate.     To  pass  through  the  pores. 


Plow  in.     To  cover  by  plowing. 

Put  between.     Insert. 

Put  in  an  oar.     To  intrude  remarks  into  other  people's  conversation 

Run  in.     To  insert  without  making  a  break. 

Slide  in.     To  fit  smoothly. 

Smuggle.     To  take  into  or  cut  of  a  country  illegally 

Splice.     To  unite  by  overlapping  or  interweaving. 

Throw  in.     To  inject. 

Thrust  in.     To  intrude.     See  Injection. 

Thrust  one's  nose  in.     To  meddle  officiously  in. 

Wedge  in.     To  force  in,  as  a  wedge. 

Work  in.     To  mix  or  combine  with  something. 

Worm  in.     To  insinuate  into. 


Interposition — Adjectives. 


Embolismal.     Pertaining  to  intercalation. 

Embosomed.     Taken  to  the  bosom. 

Episodic.     Pertaining  to  an  episode. 

Intercalary.     Inserted  or  intruded  into  the  midst  of  others. 

Intercurrent.     Running  between  or  among. 

Interjacent.     Lying  or  being  between. 

Interlinear.     Situated  between  lines. 

Intermediary.     That  which  lies  between. 


Intermediate.     Lying  or  being  in  the  middle  place. 
Interstitial.     Pertaining  to  interstices. 
Intervenient.     Coming  or  being  between. 
Intervening.     Separating. 

Intrusive.     Entering  without  right  or  welcome. 
Mediterranean.     Enclosed  by  land. 
Merged.     To  cause  to  disappear  into. 
Parenthetical.     Thrown  in. 


Interposition — Adverbs. 


Amid.     In  the  midst  of. 

Amidst.     In  the  center  of. 

Among.     In  or  into  the  midst  of. 

Amongst.     Among. 

Between.     In  the  intervening  space. 

Betwixt.     Between. 

Betwixt  and  between.    Between. 


In  the  thick  of.     When  anything  is  most  intense. 
'Mid.     Amid. 
Midst.     Amidst. 
Parenthetically.     By  insertion. 
Sandwich- wise.     In  the  way  of  a  sandwich. 
Twixt.     Betwixt. 


en-vi'-rons.  Outskirts.  Environment-Interposition, 
Remoteness-Nearness;  in  such  and  such  environs, 
Position. 

en'-voy.  A  diplomatic  agent.  Consignee,  Messen- 
ger, Security-Insecurity. 

en'-vy.  To  regard  with  discontent;  vexation  at  an- 
other's success.     Pardon-Envy. 

en-wrap'.     To  wrap  up.     Dress-Undress. 

E-o'-li-an  harp.  A  stringed  instrument  so  constructed 
as  to  produce  musical  sounds  when  exposed  to  a 
current  of  air.     Musical  Instruments. 

E'-o-lus.    The  god  of  the  winds.    River-Wind. 

e'-on.  The  personification  of  a  divine  attribute. 
Divinity. 

ep'-act.  The  excess  of  the  solar  days  over  twelve  lunar 
months.     Excess-Lack. 

ep"-a-go'-ge.  Inductive  reasoning.  Ratiocination- 
Instinct. 

ipanchement  [F.]  (e-pan-sh-man-').  Outpouring. 
Blandishment,  Craft-Artlessness,  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency. 

ep'-arch.  The  manager  of  a  Grecian  eparchy.  Man- 
ager. 

ep'-au-let.  An  ornamental  badge  of  rank.  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement, Sign,  Title. 

ep-en'-the-sis.  Insertion  of  a  letter  into  a  word. 
Rhetoric 

Sperdu  [F.]  (6-p£r-du0.     Bewildered.     Excitation. 

e-pergne'.  An  ornamental  centerpiece  for  a  dinner- 
table.     Contents-Receiver. 

eph-em'-er-al.  Living  but  a  day.  Lastingness- 
Transientness. 

eph-em'-er-is.  A  publication  giving  the  positions  of 
the  heavenly  bodies  for  each  day  in  the  year.  Chro- 
nology-Anachronism, Mark-Obliteration,  Mis- 
sive-Publication. 

Eph-e'-sian.  Relating  to  Ephesus.  Ephesian  letters, 
Devotion-Charm. 

eph"-i-al'-tes.  Incubus.  Obstruction-Help,  Pleas- 
ure-Pain, Sensuality-Suffering. 


eph'-or.  One  of  the  magistrates  of  certain  Doric  towns. 
Judge. 

ep'-ic.  Stately  verse  reciting  the  deeds  of  great  per- 
sonages, heroes,  demigods.  Account,  Poetry- 
Prose. 

ep"-i-ce'-di-um.    A  dirge.    Jubilation-Lamentation. 

ep'-i-cene.  Of  common  gender.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Uniformity-Multiformity. 

spicier  [F.]  (S-pis-i-6') .  Grocer.  Gentility-Democ- 
racy. 

ep'-i-cure.  A  glutton;  one  who  cultivates  a  delicate 
taste  for  eating  or  drinking.  Desire-Particular- 
ness,  Fasting-Gluttony,  Moderation-Voluptu- 
ary. 

ep"-i-cu-re'-an.  Given  to  the  pleasures  of  the  table. 
Moderation  -Selfindulgence,  Moderation- Vo- 
luptuary. 

ep"-i-cu-re'-an-ism.  Luxurious  living.  Moderation- 
Selfindulgence 

ep'-i-cur-ism.  Luxury.  Fasting-Gluttony,  Modera- 
tion-Selfindulgence. 

Ep-i-cu'-rus.  A  Greek  philosopher.  System  of  Epicurus, 
Moderation-Selfindulgence. 

ep'-i-cy"-cle.  A  circle  that  rolls  upon  the  external  or 
internal  circumference  of  another  circle.  Astron- 
omy, Circle-Winding. 

ep"-i-cy'-cloid.  A  curve  traced  by  a  point  on  the  cir- 
cumference of  a  circle  which  rolls  upon  the  convex 
circumference  of  another  circle.     Circle-Winding. 

ep'-i-dem"-ic.  Widespread  occurrence  of  a  disease  in  a 
certain  region.  Gathering-Scattering,  Health- 
Sickness,  Healthiness-Unhealthiness,  Univer- 
sality-Particularity. 

ep"-i-der'-mis.    The  cuticle.    Cover-Lining. 

ep"-i-gas'-tric.     Pertaining  to  the  abdomen.  Anatomy. 

ep"-i-gen'-e-sis.  The  theory  that  the  germ  is  created 
by  union  of  the  fecundating  principles  of  the  male 
and  female.     Creation-Destruction. 

ep'-i-gram.  A  pithy  or  antithetical  phrasing  of  a 
shrewd  observation.    Wittiness-Dulness. 


EPIGRAMMATIC. 


357 


EQUALITY— INEQUALITY. 


ep"-i-gram-mat'-Ic.      Witty.      Terseness-Prolixity, 

WlTTINESS-DuLNESS. 

ep"-i-gram'-ma-tist.    A  writer  of  epigrams.    Wag. 

ep'-i-graph.    An  inscription  on  a  tomb,  etc.     Sign. 

ep'-i-lep-sy.    A  chronic  nervous  disease.     Agitation. 

ep'-i-logue.  The  conclusion  of  an  argument,  speech, 
etc.    Acting,  Predecessor-Continuation. 

ipingles,  tiri  b.  quatre  [F.]  (§-pcnrgl',  ti-re'  a  katr).  To 
look  as  if  one  came  from  a  bandbox.  Society- 
Affectation. 

E-piph'-a-ny.  A  festival  of  the  Christian  Church.  Cere- 
monial. 

e-pis'-cc-pa-cy.    Office  of  a  bishop.    Church. 

e-pis'-cc-pal.     Governed  by  bishops.     Church. 

E-pis"-cc-pa'-lian.  A  member  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church.     Church,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

E  pis"-co-pa'-lian-ism.  The  doctrines  and  usages  of 
Episcopalians.     Church. 

e-pis'-co-pate.     A  bishopric.     Church. 

ep'-i-sode.  An  incidental  narrative.  Admission-Ex- 
clusion, Environment-Interposition,  Increment- 
Remnant,  Terseness-Prolixity. 

ep"-i-sod'-ic.  Adventitious.  Connection-Independ- 
ence, Environment-Interposition,  Terseness- 
Prolixity. 

e-pis'-tle.     A  letter.     Missive-Publication. 

E-pis'-tles.  Ancient  epistolary  writings  of  sacred  char- 
acter.    Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

e-pis'-to-la-ry.  Belonging  to  correspondence  by  letter. 
Missive-Publication. 

ep'-i-taph.  An  inscription  on  a  tomb  or  monument. 
Life-Funeral. 

ep"-i-tha-la'-mi-um.  A  nuptial  poem  or  song.  Mar- 
riage-Celibacy. 


ep'-i-them.  Any  external  application,  as  a  fomentation. 
Remedy-Bane. 

ep'-i-thet.     An  appellation.     Name-Misnomer. 

e-pit'-o-me.  A  summary;  a  compendium.  Digest, 
Greatness-Littleness,  Length-Shortness,Terse- 
ness-Prolixity. 

e-pit'-o-mize.  To  curtail.  Digest,  Length-Short- 
ness. 

ep"-i-zo-ot'-ic.  Epidemic  among  animals.  Healthi- 
ness-Unhealthiness. 

ep'-och.  A  fixed  point  of  time;  age.  Chronology- 
Anachronism,  Duration-Neverness,  Eternity- 
Instantaneity,  Time. 

ep'-ode.    An  after-song.     Poetry-Prose. 

eo"Io-ooe'-«   f  ^n  eP'c  Poem-     Poetry-Prose. 

eppur  si  muove  [It.]  (ep'-pur  si  mu-o'-ve).  And  vet  it 
(the  earth)  does  move.    [Galileo.]    Movement-  Rest. 

Ep"-som  salts.     A  purgative.     Remedy-Bane. 

ep"-u-la'-tion.    A  feasting. 

ep"-u-lot'-ic.  Having  power  to  cicatrize  and  heal. 
Remedy-Bane. 

ep"-u-ra'-tion.  The  act  of  purifying.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness. 

e'-qua-ble.    Even;  steady.    Right- Wrong. 

e'-qual.  Of  the  same  value  with  another;  to  be  or 
become  equal  to.  Equality-Inequality,  Propor- 
tion-Deformity, Right-Wrong;  equal  chance,  Ra- 
tionale-Luck;  equal  times,  Coexistence;  equal  to, 
Might-Impotence. 

e-qual'-i-ty.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  equal. 
Equality-Inequality,  Sameness-Contrast. 


EQUALITY— INEQUALITY. 


Adjustment.  The  state  of  being  settled  in  regard  to  points  of  differ- 
ence. 

Balance .     The  state  of  equality  of  opposing  forces  or  interests. 

Coextension.     The  condition  of  being  extended  equally  far. 

Co-ordination.     Act  of  putting  in  the  same  order,  class,  or  rank. 

Equality.     The  state  of  being  of  the  same  value. 

Equalization.     The  state  of  being  made  alike. 

Equation.     A  making  equal. 

Equilibration.  ■» 

Equilibrium,    f  State  of  balance. 

Equipoise.        J 

Equipollence.  j  The  state  of  bel      o£  e       j  weightp  significance,  ect. 

Equivalence.  J 

Evenness.     The  quality  of  being  even. 

Identity,  etc.     The  state  of  being  exactly  the  same.     See  Sameness. 

Monotony.     The  quality  of  lacking  variation. 

Par.     Equality  of  real  and  nominal  values. 

Parity.     Equality  of  rank  or  condition. 

Poise.     State  of  self-balance. 

Ponderance.     Weight  of  opinion. 

Quits.     The  condition  of  being  even  with  all  obligations. 

Readjustment.     Considering  and  settling  again. 

Similarity.  The  state  of  having  same  parts  and  in  equal  propor- 
tions. 

Symmetry.     Balance  of  like  parts. 

Tie.     An  equality  in  numbers. 

Equality — Denotations. 

Brother.     A  male  person  having  the  same  parents  as  another. 

Compeer.     One  having  equal  rank  or  standing. 

Dead  heat.     A  race  in  which  two  or  more  contestants  come  out  even. 

Distinction  without  a  difference.  A  separation  or  classification  not 
caused  by  a  difference  in  the  objects. 

Drawn  battle.  A  battle  in  which  neither  side  has  gained  an  advan- 
tage. 

Drawn  game.  A  game  in  which  the  contestants  prove  equal  in  skill, 
etc. 

Equal.     A  person  or  thing  equal  to  another. 

Equator.  The  imaginary  line  which  divides  the  earth  into  two  equal 
parts. 

Match.     One's  equal. 

Mate.     One  that  is  paired  with  another;  an  equal  in  a  contest. 


Casting  weight.     A  weight  that  turns  a  balance. 

Difference,  etc.     Unlikeness.     See  Variation. 

Disparity.     Inequality  in  reference  to  a  common  standard. 

Imparity.     Inequality. 

Inclination  of  the  balance.     Tendency  to  one  side  or  another. 

Inequality.     Absolute  difference. 

Inferiority,  etc.     The  state  of  being  lower  in  rank,  excellence.     Sec 

Supremacy-Subordinacy. 
Makeweight.     Anything  that  is  used  to  fill  up  a  deficiency. 
Odds.     Advantages  over  others. 

Partiality.     Tendency  to  favor  one  rather  than  another. 
Shortcoming.     A  falling  away  from  a  standard. 
Superiority,  etc.     The  state  of  being  above  in  rank,  excellence.     See 

Supremacy. 
Unevenness.     The  state  of  being  uneven. 

Inequality — Verb. 
Countervail.     To  oppose  with  equal  force. 

Inequality — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  unequal  (see  Adjectives);  give  the  advantage;  have  the  advan- 
tage; kick  the  beam,  to  be  light  in  weight;  not  come  up  to;  over- 
match, to  match  unevenly  (see  Supremacy)  ;  topple  over,  to  fall 
over ;  turn  the  scale,  to  incline  the  balance  to  one  side. 

Inequality — Adjectives. 

Disparate.     Not  conforming  to  the  common  standard. 

Lop-sided.     Heavier  on  one  side  than  on  the  other. 

Over-balanced.     Heavier  on  one  side  than  on  the  other. 

Partial.     Favoring  one  more  than  another. 

Top-heavy.     Too  heavy  in  the  upper  parts  in  proportion  to  the 

remaining  part. 
Unbalanced.     Not  in  a  state  of  balance. 
Unequal.     Not  equal. 
Uneven.     Not  even. 

Inequality — Adverb. 

Hand  passibus  acquis  [L.J.  Not  with  equal  steps.  [Virgil,  Aineid, 
ii.  724.] 


EQUALITY. 


358 


EQUITABLENESS. 


EQUALITY—  Denotations— Continued. 


Keck  and  neck  race.     A  dead  heat. 

Not  a  pin  to  choose.     A  difference  smaller  than  a  pin. 


Peer.     An  equal. 

Six  of  one  and  half  a  dozen  of  the  other.     Absence  of  difference. 


Equality — Verbs. 


Accommodate.     To  make  to  agree  by  mutual  or  willing  sacrifice. 

Adapt,  etc.     To  join  properly  by  exercise  of  judgment.  See  Harmony. 

Adjust.     To  set  right. 

Amount  to.     Equal  to. 

Balance.     To  have  equal  weight  on  each  side. 

Be  equal,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  on  a  level  with.     Equal  in  height. 

Come  to.  "J 

Come  to  the  same  thing.  >  Equal. 

Come  up  to.  J 

Cope  with.     To  strive  with  on  equal  terms. 

Dress.     To  set  right. 

Equal.     To  be  or  become  of  the  same  degree. 

Equalize.     To  make  of  equal  value. 

Equate.     To  represent  as  equal. 

Establish  equality.       J  T<j  balance 


Fit.     To  be  or  make  just  right  for  the  purpose. 

Keep  pace  with.     To  equal  in  any  sense. 

Level.     To  make  even. 

Lie  on  a  level  with. 

Match.     To  select  something  similar  or  equal. 

Poise.     To  balance  without  help. 

Reach.     To  come  up  to. 

Readjust.     To  set  right  again. 

Render  equal,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Restore  equality.        1  ~  .  , 

Restore  equilibrium.  J  To  make  equaL      . 

Run  abreast.    Keep  even  with. 

Stretch  on  the  bed  of  Procrustes.     To  suit  to  conditions  by  force. 

Strike  a  balance. 

Trim.     To  be  in  a  state  of  equilibrium. 


Establish  equilibrium.  J 


All  one.     The  same. 

All  the  same.     Equal. 

As  broad  as  long.     Equal  in  all  directions. 

As  good  as.      Equal  in  quality. 

Balanced.     Having  equal  weight  on  each  side. 

Coequal.     Of  the  same  rank,  value,  etc. 

Convertible.     Easily  made  equal  to;  exchangeable  with. 

Co-ordinate.     Of  the  same  order. 

Drawn.     Indeterminable. 

Equal.     Exactly  the  same  as. 

Equalized.     Made  equal  to.     See  sub  Verbs. 

Equivtlen"!'}  °f  the  sams  siSnificance  as- 
Equiponderant.)  u     .  .       .  .  . 

EquiponderousJ  Having  equal  weight. 

Even.     Equally  distributed,  etc. 
Half  and  half. 


Ad  eundem  [L.].     To  the  same. 

Ceteris  paribus  [L.].     Other  things  being  equal. 

Equally,  etc.     In  the  same  degree,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 


Equality — Adjectives. 


It  amounts  to  the  same  thing. 


Homologous.     Existing  in  the  same  relation  in  corresponding  ob- 
jects. 
Level.     Parallel  to  the  horizon. 

Monotonous.     The  quality  of  being  all  or  much  alike 
Much  at  one.  I  ^^ 

Much  the  same  as. ' 
Neither  more  nor  less.     Exactly  alike. 
On  a  footing  with.  | 
On  a  level  with.      >  Like ;  equal  to. 
On  a  par  with.        ) 
Quits.     On  even  terms. 

Resolvable  into.     Capable  of  being  made  into,  or  like  something  else. 
Symmetrical.     Having  parts  arranged  so  as  to  balance. 
Synonymous.     Having  nearly  the  same  meaning. 
Tantamount.     Equal  in  our  own  estimation. 
The  same  thing  as.     Like;  identical. 
Up  to  the  mark.     Up  to  the  standard. 

Equality — Adverbs. 

In  equilibrio  [L.].  Equally  balanced. 
Pari  passu  [L.].  With  an  equal  pace. 
To  all  intents  and  purposes.     Practically  the  same  as. 

Equality — Phrases. 

It  comes  to  the  same  thing. 


e"-qual-i-za'-tion.  An  equal  state.  Equality-In- 
equality. 

e'-qual-ize.     To  make  equal.     Compensation. 

e'-qual-ized.     Made  equal.     Equality-Inequality. 

e'-qual-ly.     In  equal  measure.    Equality-Inequality. 

e"-qua-nim'-i-ty.  Composure  of  spirit.  Excitabil- 
ity-Inexcitability. 

e-quate'.  To  make  or  regard  equal.  Equality-In- 
equality. 

e-qua'-tion.  A  proposition  expressing  the  equality  of 
two  quantities.  Compensation,  Equality-In- 
equality. 

e-qua'-tions .  Propositions  expressing  the  equality  of 
two  quantities.      Numbering. 

e-qua'-tor.  A  great  circle  equally  distant  from  the 
poles  and  dividing  a  sphere  into  hemispheres.  Mid- 
dle, Universe. 

e'-qua-tor'-i-al.      Relating  to  the  equator.     Middle. 

eq'-uer-ry.  An  officer  having  charge  of  the  horses  of  a 
prince  or  nobleman.     Chief-Underling. 

e-ques'-tri-an.     A  horseman.     Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

e"-qui-bal'-anced.  Counterpoised.  Equality-In- 
equality. 

e"-qui-dis'-tance.     Equal  distance.     Middle. 

e"-qui-dis'-tant.  Situated  at  the  same  distance  from 
the  same  point.     Middle. 

e"-qui-li-bra'-tion.   Equipoise.   Equality-Inequality. 


e"-qui-lib'-ri-um.     Equipoise.     Equality-Inequality. 

e'-quine.  Pertaining  to,  or  like,  a  horse.  Conveyer, 
Fauna-Flora. 

e'-qui-nox.  Time  when  the  sun  enters  the  equinoctial 
points.     Morning-Evening. 

e-quip'.  To  fit  out  with  all  requirements.  Dress- 
Undress,  Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

eq'-ui-page.  Equipment;  retinue.  Conveyance- 
Vessel,  Instrument,  Pomp,  Property. 

e-quip'-ment.  The  act  of  equipping;  whatever  is 
tised  in  equipping.  Dress-Undress,  Instrument, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

e'-qui-poise.     Even  balance.     Equality-Inequality. 

e"-qui-pol'-lence.  Equality  of  power,  etc.  Equality- 
Inequality. 

e"-qui-pol'-lent.  Equivalent.  Equality-Inequality, 
Synonym-Antonym. 

e"-qui-pon'-der-ant.  Of  the  same  weight.  Equality- 
Inequality. 

e"-qui-pon'-der-ous.  Having  equal  weight.  Equal- 
ity-Inequality. 

eq'-ui-ta-ble.  Impartial;  conformable  to  right  and 
justice.  Dueness-Undueness,     Right-Wrong, 

Sagacity-Incapacity,  Uprightness-Dishonesty; 
equitable  interest,  Property. 

eq'-ui-ta-ble-ness.  The  quality  of  being  equitable. 
Right-Wrong. 


EQUITATION. 


359 


ERECTNESS— FLATNESS. 


eq"-ui-ta'-tion.  Horsemanship.  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion. 

eq'-ui-ty.  Fairness  and  impartiality.  Law-Lawless- 
ness, Right-Wrong,  Uprightness-Dishonesty  ; 
equity  draftsman,  Advocate;  in  equity,  Right- 
Wrong. 

c-quiv'-a-lence.  State  of  being  equivalent.  Equality- 
Inequality. 

e-quiv'-a-lent.  Equal  in  value;  that  which  is  equal  in 
value.  Commutation-Permutation,  Compensa- 
tion, Equality-Inequality,  Interpretation-Mis- 
interpretation, Sameness-Contrast,  Synonym- 
Antonym;  equivalent  term,  Synonym-Antonym; 
equivalent  word,  Synonym-Antonym. 

•-quiv'-o-cal.  Of  doubtful  meaning;  suspicious.  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Purity-Impurity. 

e-quiv'-o-cal-ness.  Ambiguity.  Ambiguity,  Purity- 
Impurity. 

e-quiv'-o-cate.  To  prevaricate.  Ambiguity,  Ratioci- 
nation-Casuistry, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

e-quiv"-o-ca'-tion.  Prevarication.  Ambiguity, 

Ratiocination-Casuistry,  Truthfulness- False- 
hood; without  equivocation,  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

eq-ui-voque.  An  equivocal  word  or  phrase.  Ambi- 
guity. 

e'-ra.  An  epoch.  Chronology-Anachronism,  Dura- 
tion-Neverness. 


e-rad'-i-cate.  To  root  out.  Creation-Destruction, 
Injection-Ejection. 

e-rad"-i-ca'-tion.     Extirpation.     Injection-Ejection. 

e-rase'.  To    expunge.  Creation-Destruction, 

Mark-Obliteration. 

E-ras'-ti-an.  An  adherent  of  the  doctrine  of  Erastus. 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

E-ras'-ti-an-ism.  The  principles  of  the  Erastians. 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

e-ra'-sure.     Obliteration,     Mark-Obliteration. 

Er'-a-to.  The  muse  of  erotic  and  other  lyric  poetry. 
Musician. 

erba  mala  presto  cresco  [It.]  (er'-ba  ma'-la  pres'-to 
cres'-co).  An  ill  weed  grows  fast.  Goodness-Bad- 
ness. 

ere.  Before.  Antecedence-Sequence  ;  ere  long, 
Earliness- Lateness;  ere  now,  Antecedence- 
Sequence,  Future-Past. 

Er'-e-bus.  The  abode  of  the  subterranean  powers. 
Heaven-Hell,  Light-Darkness. 

e-rect'.  Vertical;  to  set  up.  Creation-Destruction, 
Elevation  -  Depression,  Erectness  -  Flatness; 
erect  the  scaffolding,  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion;  with  head  erect,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

e-rec'-tion.  The  act  of  erecting.  Creation-De- 
struction, Elevation-Depression,  Erectness- 
Flatness. 

e-rect'-ness.  Uprightness  of  form.  Erectness-Flat- 
ness. 


ERECTNESS— FLATNESS. 


Elevation.     The  state  of  being  raised  up. 
Erection.     A  setting  of  something  in  an  upright  position. 
Erectness.     Uprightness  of  posture  or  form. 
Perpendicularity.     The  state  of  being  straight  up  and  down. 
Verticality.     The  state  of  being  at  right  angles  to  the  horizon. 

Erectness — Denotations. 

Azimuth  circles.  Great  circles  of  a  sphere  intersecting  each  other  in 
the  zenith  and  nadir  and  cutting  the  horizon  at  right  angles. 

Cliff.     A  high  perpendicular  rock. 

Plumb  line.  1  An  instrument  used  for  adjusting  erections  to  a  perpen- 

Plummet.    >       dicular  line. 

Precipice.     A  high  and  very  steep  cliff. 

Right  angle.  The  angle  formed  by  two  lines  intersecting  each  other 
at  90  degrees. 

Square.  A  portion  of  a  surface  whose  bounding  lines  form  angles  of 
90  degrees  with  each  other. 

Wall.     A  piece  of  masonry  built  vertically. 

Erectness — Verbs, 

Be  vertical.     Be  upright  in  position. 

Cock  up.     To  set  erect. 

Erect.      To  raise  and  place  in  an  upright  or  perpendicular  position. 

Raise  on  its  legs.     To  cause  to  stand  erect 

Raise  up.     To  cause  to  rise  up. 

Rear.     To  raise. 

Render  vertical.     To  place  upright. 

Set  up.     To  elevate. 

Stand  erect.     To  stand  not  bowed  over. 

Stand  on  end.     To  rise  resting  upon  an  extremity. 

Stand  up.      To  rise  from  sitting. 

Stand  upright.     To  stand  in  an  erect  position. 

Stick  up.     To  rise  vertically. 

E  r  ect  n  es  s — A  djectives . 

Bolt  upright.     Boldly  erect. 

Erect.     In  a  perpendicular  posture. 

Normal.     Forming  a  right  angle. 

Orthogonal.     Rectangular. 

Perpendicular.     Exactly  upright. 

Rampant.     Standing  upright  upon  his  hind  legs. 

Rectangular.      Right-angled. 

Standing  up.      Being  erect. 

Straight.     Direct. 

Upright.     In  an  erect  position. 

Vertical.      Perpendicular  to  the  plane  of  the  horizon. 


Dead  flat.     Perfect  flatness. 
Dead  level.     Absolute  uniformity  of  flatness. 
Flatness.     Evenness  of  surface. 
Horizontally.     The  state  of  being  horizontal. 

Flatness — Denotations,  etc. 

Azimuth.     An  astronomical  circle  used  in  determining  levels. 
Billiard  table.     A  table  having  an  oblong  rectangular  surface  for 

playing  billiards. 
Bowling  green.     A  level  lawn  for  playing  bowls. 
Campus.     Originally,  the  level  ground  marked  out  for  contestants  la 

trial  by  battle ;  now,  the  grounds  of  a  college. 
Cricket-ground.     A  level  space  fitted  for  playing  cricket. 
Croquet-ground.     A  level  court  for  playing  croquet. 
Croquet-lawn.     See  Croquet-ground. 

TJ  ad  1       1  }  A  perfectly  level  piece  of  ground  or  floor. 

Esplanade.     A  level  space  for  promenading. 

Estrade.     A  slightly  raised  platform. 

Floor.     The  bottom  surface  in  a  room  or  building. 

Ledge.     A  shelf. 

Level.     A  surface,  or  extent  of  land  approximately  horizontal. 

Level  plane.     A  flat  surface. 

Parterre.     A  level  plot  or  space. 

Plain.     A  level,  or  nearly  level,  tract  of  land. 

Plateau.     An  elevated  plain. 

Platform.     A  raised  floor. 

Table-land.     A  tract  of  land  resembling  a  table  in  flatness. 

Terrace.     A  raised  level  space  having  one  or  more  sloping  sides. 

Flatness — Nouns  of  Action. 

Accubation.     A  reclining  on  a  couch,  as  by  the  ancients  at  meals. 

Decumbence.l  ™_  -.   .       , 

Decumbency.  J  The  act  or  state  of  lying  dmM' 

Discumbency.      Practise  of  reclining  at  meals,  as  among  the  ancients 

Lying  down.     The  act  of  laying  the  body  down. 

Proneness.     The  state  of  lying  with  the  front  or  face  down. 

Prostration.     A  lying  flat. 

Reclination.     Act  or  state  of  leaning  back. 

Recumbency.     State  of  leaning. 

J  Act  or  state  of  lying  on  the  back. 


Supination. 


Be  horizontal. 
Couch.  J 

Fell.     To  prostrate. 


Flatness — Verbs. 
To  lie  down  or  recline.  ■ 


ERECTNESS. 


360 


ESCAPE. 


ERECTNESS— FLATNESS— Continued. 


Erectness — Adverbs. 

Aplomb  [F.].     Perpendicularly. 

At  right  angles.     Perpendicularly. 

Endwise.     Erectly. 

On  end.     In  an  erect  position. 

On  one's  legs.     Erectly. 

Right  on  end.     In  a  position  perpendicular  to  the  horizon. 

Up.     In  or  to  a  vertical  or  nearly  vertical  position. 

Up  on  end.     With  erectness. 

Vertically.     In  a  vertical  manner. 


FLATNESS — Adjectives — Continued  front  Column  2. 

Horizontal.     Parallel  to  the  horizon. 

Jacent.     Lying  at  length. 

Level.     Not  having  one  part  higher  than  another. 

Lying.     Being  prostrate 

Plane.      Without  elevations  or  depressions. 

Procumbent.     Lying  down  or  on  the  face. 

Prone.     Flat  on  the  face. 

Prostrate.     Lying  on  the  ground. 

Recumbent.     Leaning. 

Smooth.     Having  an  even  surface. 

Smooth  as  glass.     Having  a  polished  surface. 

Supine.     Lying  on  the  back,  or  with  the  face  upward. 

Flatness — Adverbs. 

Horizontally.     On  a  level. 

On  all  fours.     On  hands  and  knees. 

On  its  beam  ends.     On  its  side. 

On  one's  back.     With  the  back  down. 


FLATNESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Flatten.     To  reduce  to  an  equal  or  even  surface. 

Floor.     To  strike  down  or  lay  level  with  the  floor. 

Knock  down.     To  prostrate  by  a  blow  or  blows. 

Lay  down.     To  place  horizontally. 

Lay  out.     To  place  in  a  decent  position,  as  a  corpse. 

Level.     To  make  smooth  or  even. 

Lie.     To  rest  extended  on  the  ground . 

Lie  down.     To  lay  the  body  on  the  ground  or  level  place. 

Lie  flat.     To  recline  upon  the  back. 

Lie  prostrate.     To  lie  with  the  body  extended  on  the  ground  or  other 

flat  surface. 
Loll.     To  lie  at  ease. 
Prostrate.     To  lay  flat. 
Recline.     To  take  a  recumbent  position. 
Render  horizontal.     To  make  parallel  to  the  horizon. 
Sit  down.     To  place  oneself  on  a  chair  or  other  seat. 
Sprawl.     To  spread  or  stretch  the  body  carelessly  in  a  horizontal 

position. 

Flatness — Adjectives. 

Accumbent.     Leaning  or  reclining,  as  the  ancients  at  meals. 
Alluvial.     Relating  to  the  deposits  of  sand,  clay,  or  gravel  made  by 

river  action. 
Calm.     Undisturbed. 
Calm  as  a  mill  pond.     Perfectly  serene. 
Couchant.     Lying  down. 
Decumbent.     Bending  or  lying  down. 
Even.     Level,  smooth,  or  equal  in  surface. 
Flat,   etc.      Having  an    even   and    horizontal    surface,   etc.      Ser 

Levelness. 
Flat  as  a  billiard  table.     Level. 
Flat  as  a  bowling-green.     Even. 

(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


ere'-while".  Recent;  heretofore.  Antecedence- 
Sequence,  Future-Past. 

er'-go.     Therefore.     Ratiocination-Casuistry. 

er'-got-ism.     Arguing.     Discovery. 

er'-got-ize.     To  wrangle.     Faith-Misgiving. 

er"-i-om'-e-ter.  An  apparatus  for  measuring  small 
diameters.     Optical  Instruments. 

er'-mine.  The  stoat;  the  fur  of  the  ermine.  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement, Scepter. 

e-rode'.  To  wear  away.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion. 

eros  [Gr.]  (i'-ros).     Love.     Love-Hate. 

e-ro'-sion.  Act  of  eroding.  Betterment-Deterior- 
ation, Geology. 

er-ot'-ic.     Amorous.     Love-Hate,  Purity-Impurity. 

err.  To  be  incorrect ;  to  sin.  Truth-Error,  Virtue- 
Vice. 

er'-rand.  Business  intrusted  to  a  messenger.  Com- 
mission-Abrogation, Occupation,  Tidings-Mys- 
tery. 

er'-rand-boy.  A  boy  who  does  small  errands.  Mes- 
senger. 

er'-rant.     Roving.     Aim-Aberration. 

errare  humanum  est  [L.]  (er-re'-ri  hiu-me'-num  est). 
To  err  is  human.     Truth-Error. 

er-rat'-ic.  Eccentric.  Aim-Aberration.  Movement- 
Rest,  Mutability-Stability,  Persistence-Whim. 

er-ra'-tum.     An  error.     Truth-Error. 

er-ro'-ne-ous.     Mistaken.     Truth-Error. 

er'-ror.  False  belief;  inaccuracy.  Innocence-Guilt, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Truth-Error,  Virtue- 
Vice;  court  of  error,  Tribunal;  writ  of  error,  Liti- 
gation. 

erst.     Formerly.     Future-Past. 

er"-u-bes'-cence.     Redness.     Redness-Greenness. 

er"-u-bes'-cent.     Reddening.     Redness-Greenness. 

erubuit,  salva  res  est  [L.]  (i-ru'-biu-it,  sal'-va  riz  est). 
Where  there  is  shame,  there  is  virtue.  Repentance 
Obduracy. 

e-ruct'-ate.     To  give  vent  to.     Admission-Expulsion 


e"-ruc-ta'-tion.  Act  of  belching.  Admission-Expul- 
sion. 

er'-u-dite.     Scholarly.     Knowledge-Ignorance. 

er"-u-di'-tion.  A  high  degree  of  knowledge.  Educa- 
tion-Learning, Knowledge-Ignorance. 

e-rup'-tion.  A  bursting  forth;  a  disease  of  the  skin. 
Entrance-Exit,  Geology,  Health-Sickness, 
Turbulence  -  Calmness;  volcanic  eruption,  Phe- 
nomenon. 

es"-ca-lade'.  An  attack  by  means  of  ladders;  to  scale, 
as  a  wall.     Ascent-Descent,  Attack-Defense. 

es-cal'-lop.  To  shape  the  edge  of  into  lobes  or  rounded 
projections.     Circle- Winding. 

escamoter  [F.]  (es-ca-mo-te') .  To  juggle.  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud. 

es'-ca-pade.  A  prank.  Adage-Nonsense,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness, Persistence-Whim. 

es-cape'.  To  get  away  from ;  flight.  Duty-Derelic- 
tion, Entrance-Exit,  Escape,  Quest-Evasion, 
Release-Restraint,  Security-Insecurity,  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness;  escape  the  lips,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace;  escape  the  memory,  Remembrance- 
Fqrgetfulness;  escape  the  notice,  Heed-Disre- 
gard, Visibility-Invisibility;  means  of  escape, 
Refuge-Pitfall,  Security-Insecurity, 

ESCAPE. 
Avolation.     Flight. 

Come  off .     Departure  or  passing  off  from. 
Elopement.     A  running  away  of  lovers  to  be  married. 
Escape.     Successful  flight  from  any  annoyance. 
Evasion.     Artful  means  of  eluding. 
Flight.     Hasty  departure. 
Hair-breadth  escape.     A  very  narrow  escape. 
Impunity.     Freedom  from  the  ordinary  consequences  of  an  act. 
Liberation.     The  act  of  being  made  free.     See  sub  Liberation. 
N arrow  escape. 

Refugee,  etc.     One  who  seeks  shelter  from  disaster.     See  Quest- 
Evasion. 
Reprieve,  etc.     Temporary  suspension  of  punishment.     Se»  Rescue. 
Retreat.     A  goi"g  back  to  a  place  of  safety. 
Scape.     Escape. 


ESCAPE. 


361 


ESSAY. 


Escape — Nouns  of  Means. 
Drawbridge.     A  small  bridge  raised  and  let  down  at  one  end  like  a 

hinge. 
Fire-escape.     A  ladder  or  stair-case  bolted  on  the  outside  of  buildings 

for  use  in  case  of  fire. 
Loophole,  etc.     A  small  opening  affording  a  means  of  escape.     See 

Aperture. 
Path.     A  walk  or  way,  especially  one  beaten  by  the  foot.     See  Way. 
Refuge,  etc.     A  place  where  one  is  protected  or  sheltered.     See 

Refuge. 
Safety-valve.     A  valve  so  arranged  as  to  relieve  pressure  or  strain 

above  a  certain  limit. 
Vent,     An  outlet  for  the  passage  of  something  from  a  confined  space. 
Vent-peg.     A  peg  for  stopping  a  vent,  as  in  a  barrel. 

Escape — Verbs. 

Elude.     To  keep  away  from  by  tricks. 

Escape.     To  get  away  from  annoyance. 

Scape.     Escape. 

Escape — Verbal  Expressions. 

Break  away;  break  from  prison;  break  loose;  echapper  belle  IF.], 
to  escape  entirely;  effect  one's  escape;  escape  scot-free,  to  escape 
altogether;  find  a  hole  to  creep  out  of;  find  vent,  find  a  means  of 
escape;  getaway;  get  clear  off;  get  off;  get  well  out  of ;  give  one 
the  slip,  to  escape  from  one;  make  good  one's  escape;  make  off,  etc. 
(see  Quest-Evasion);  make  one's  escape;  march  off,  etc.  (see 
Arrival-Departure);  save  one's  bacon,  to  keep  from  harm;  slip 
away,  go  away  without  notice;  slip  the  collar;  slip  through  the 
fingers;  slip  through  the  hands;  weather  the  storm,  to  pass  through 
danger  safely,  wriggle  out  of,  to  free  with  difficulty. 

Escape — Adjectives. 
Escaped,  etc.     Fled  from.     See  Verbs. 
Escaping.     In  the  act  of  getting  away. 
Fled.     Having  departed  suddenly. 
Stolen  away.     Having  departed  stealthily. 

Escape — Phrase. 
The  bird  has  flown.     The  object  searched  for  has  taken  its  flight. 

es-caped'.     Gotten  away.     Escape. 

es-ca'-ping.     Fleeing;  leaking.     Escape. 

es-carp'.  The  side  of  the  ditch  next  the  parapet 
Attack-Defense. 

es-carp'-ment.  A  steep  slope.  Height-Lowness, 
Lamina-Fiber,  Parallelism-Inclination. 

es"  char-ot'-ic.  Capable  of  destroying  living  tissue  and 
forming  an  eschar.     Pungency,  Vigor-Inertia. 

es-cheat'.  To  take  possession  of,  as  lapsed  or  forfeited. 
Recompense-Penalty. 

es-chew'.  To  avoid  with  care.  Desire-Distaste, 
Quest-Evasion. 

esclandre.  [F.]  (es-clan'dr').  Unpleasant  notoriety. 
Pleasure-Pain,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

es-cort'.  To  safeguard  on  a  journey.  Solitude- 
Company. 

es'-cort.  Body-guard.  Keeper-Prisoner,  Security- 
Insecurity. 

es'-cu-lent.     Eatable.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

es-cutch'-eon.    The  heraldic  shield.     Sign. 

e-soph'-a-gus.     Gullet.     Anatomy. 

es"-o-ter'-ic.  Recondite.  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Universality-Particularity 

Espagne,  chdteau  en  [F.]  (es-pany',  sha-to'  an-)-  A 
castle  in   Spain  ;    castle  in  the  air.       Fancy,    San- 

GUINENESS-HOPELESSNESS. 

es-pal'-ier.  A  trellis;  to  train  upon  an  espalier,  as  small 
trees.     Enclosure. 

es-pe'-cial.     Eminent.     Universality-Particularity. 

es-pe'-cial-ly.    Particularly.  Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

es-pi'-al.    Concealed  observation.    Sight-Blindness. 

espieglerie  [F.]  (es"-pi-egl-ri') .  Roguish  bantering. 
Craft-Artlessness,  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Wittiness-Dulness.  "* 

es'-pi-o-nage.  Excessive  surveillance.  Investigation- 
Answer,  Sight-Blindness. 

es"-pla-nade'.  A  level  open  place,  for  promenading 
or  driving.  City-Country,  Dweller-Habitation, 
Erectness-FlatnesS. 


es-pou'-sals.     Betrothal.     Matrimony-Celibacy. 

es-pouse'.  To  promise  in  marriage.  Choice-Neu- 
trality, Matrimony-Celibacy;  espouse  a  caucc, 
Antagonism-Concurrence,  Obstruction-Help. 

esprit  [F.]  (es-pri').  Spirit;  wit.  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity, Wittiness-Dulness. 

esprit,  bet  [F.]  (es-pri',  bel).    A  fine  wit.    Wag. 

esprit  de  corps  [F.]  (es-pri'  de  cor).  Comradeship.  An- 
tagonism-Concurrence, Decision-Misjudgment, 
Sociability-Privacy. 

esprit  fort  [F.]  (es-pri'  for).  A  free-thinker.  Godli- 
ness-Disbelief, Sage-Fool. 

es-py'.     To  discover.     Sight-Blindness. 

es-quire'.  A  title  of  dignity,  office,  courtesy.  Gen- 
tility-Democracy, Title. 

es-say'.     To  attempt.     Trial,  Venture. 

es'-say.  A  composition  on  some  special  subject;  an 
attempt.     Essay,  Nature-Art,  Trial,  Venture. 

ESSAY. 

Article.     A  treatise  on  some  topic,  like  a  magazine  article. 

Commentary.  An  annotation  or  exposition  of  the  abstruse  points  of 
some  literary  work. 

Commentator.     One  who  writes  commentaries;  an  expounder. 

Critic.     One  skilled  in  judging  the  merits  of  literary  works. 

Criticism.     An  article  giving  a  critical  examination  of  some  subject. 

Critique.     A  critical  examination  or  estimate  of  any  subject. 

Discourse.  An  oral  treatise  of  some  topic  in  a  logical  order  of 
thought. 

Discussion,  etc.     See  Ratiocination. 

Disquisition.     A  complete  investigation  and  treatise  of  some  subject. 

Dissertation.     An  argumentative  discussion  or  discourse. 

Essay.     A  short  composition  treating  of  any  particular  subject. 

Essayist.     One  who  writes  essays. 

Exposition,  etc.     See  Interpretation. 

Homily.     An  exhortation  on  some  moral  point. 

Investigation,  etc.     See  Investigation. 

Leader.     The  main  editorial  article. 

Leading  article.     The  principal  article  in  a  newspaper  or  a  book. 

Lecture.     A  formal  and  methodical  discourse. 

Memoir.     A  record  of  something  deemed  worthy. 

Pamphlet.     A  booklet  not  bound. 

Pamphleteer,     A  writer  of  pamphlets. 

Pandect.  A  comprehensive  treatise  of  some  science;  with  special 
reference  to  law. 

Review.     A  critical  examination  of  an  article  or  book. 

Running  commentary.     A  hasty  annotation . 

Sermon.  A  discourse  delivered  by  a  clergyman  for  religious  instruc- 
tion. 

Study.     See  Reflection. 

Theme.     A  subject  or  topic  for  discussion. 

Thesis.  A  position  or  proposition  set  forth  and  maintained  by  ar- 
guments. 

Tract.     A  short  treatise  on  practical  religion. 

Tractate.     A  treatise;  an  essay. 

Tractation.     The  act  of  treating  or  discussing  a  topic. 

Treatise.     A  formal,  scientific  exposition  of  some  subject. 

Essay — Verbs. 

Canvass  a  subject.     To  thoroughly  investigate  a  subject. 

Deal  with  a  subject.     To  treat  in  any  manner. 

Descant  upon  a  subject.     To  comment  fully  upon  a  subject. 

Discuss  a  subject.     To  treat;  to  reason  about. 

Dissert  upon  a  subject.     To  discourse  or  discuss  a  subject. 

Do  justice  to  a  subject.     To  bring  out  all  that  is  contained  in  a  sut> 

ject. 
Go  into  a  subject.     To  find  out  its  primary  significance. 
Handle  a  subject.     To  treat  skilfully. 
Take  up  a  subject.     To  start;  to  treat. 
Touch  upon  a  subject.     To  give  some  notice  to. 
Treat  of  a  subject.     To  discourse  upon  ;  to  handle. 
Ventilate  a  subject.     To  throw  light  on  a  subject;  to  clarify. 
Write  upon  a  subject.     To  give  one's  ideas  upon  a  matter. 

Essay — A  djectives. 

Discoursive.     Passing  from  one  judgment  to  another. 
Discursive.     Wandering,  drawing  conclusions  from  premise!. 
Disquisitionary ,  etc .     See  Essay  . 
Expository.     Set  forth;  explain    propound. 


ESSAYING. 


ESTABLISHMENT— REMOVAL. 


es-say'-ing.     Attempting.     Venture. 

es'-say-ist.  A  writer  of  essays.  Essay,  Missive-Pub- 
lication. 

esse  [L.]  (es'-si).     To  be.     Entity-Nonentity. 

es'-sence .  Constituent  qualities  of  a  thing ;  odor. 
Odor-Inodorousness,  Subjectiveness-Objective- 
ness. 

Es-sene'.  One  of  a  party  of  the  ancient  Jews.  Aus- 
terity, Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

es-sen'-tial.  Characteristic;  a  necessary  element.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Magnitude-Smallness, 
Nature-Art,    Need,    Subjectiveness-Objective- 

NESS. 

es-sen"-ti-al'-i-ty.  The  essential  part.  Nature-Art, 
Need. 


es-sen'-tial-ly.      Inherently.      Magnitude-Smallness, 

Substance-Nullity. 

es-sen'-tial-ness.  The  quality  of  being  essential.  Sub- 
jectiveness-Objectiveness. 

es-tab'-lish.  To  institute;  to  substantiate.  Creation- 
Destruction,  Establishment-Removal,  Evidence- 
Counterevidence,  Mutability-Stability,  Proof- 
Disproof;  establish  equality,  Equality-Inequality; 
establish  equilibrium,  Equality-Inequality. 

es-tab'-lished.  Rendered  valid.  Habit-Desuetude, 
Mutability-Stability,  Mutation-Permanence;  es- 
tablished church,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

es-tab'-lish-ment.  The  act  of  establishing;  the  thing 
established.  Association,  Creation-Destruction, 
Establishment-Removal,  Market,  Mutability- 
Stability. 


ESTABLISHMENT— REMOVAL. 


**A  local  habitation  and  a  name.'*  A  definite  place  and  existence. 
[The  poet's  pen  gives  to  airy  nothing  a  local,  etc.  Shakespeare, 
Midsummer  Night's  Dream,  V,  i.] 

Anchorage.     A  place  where  ships  are  anchored. 

Cantonment.     Temporary  shelter  for  an  army. 

Cohabitation.     The  act  of  living  together. 

Collocation.     The  act  of  placing  together,  arranging,  or  stationing. 

Colony.     A  settlement. 

Deposition.     The  act  of  setting  down  or  placing. 

Domestication.  The  process  of  making  accustomed  to  new  con- 
ditions. 

Establishment.     The  act  of  fixing  or  locating;  settlement. 

Fixation.     The  act  of  making  firm  or  establishing. 

Habitation.     A  place  of  abode.     See  Dweller-Habitation. 

Indenization.     The  act  of  naturalizing. 

Insertion,  etc.  The  act  of  fixing  or  fastening  in  between  other  things, 
etc.     See  Injection. 

Installation.     The  act  of  giving  a  place  to. 

Lading.     Process  of  loading. 

Localization.     The  act  of  fixing  in  a  definite  place. 

Location.     The  act  of  placing  or  fixing  in  a  definite  spot. 

Lodgment.     The  act  of  placing  or  fixing  anything  permanently. 

Mooring.     A  place  for  anchoring  ships. 

Naturalization.     The  act  of  making  an  alien  a  citizen  of  a  country. 

Packing."}  Act  of  s10™1^  away- 

Plantation.      A  settlement  in  a  new  country. 

Reposition.     The  act  of  laying  up  or  placing  for  permanence  or  safety. 

Settlement.     The  act  of  fixing  or  placing,  or  the  state  of  being  fixed  or 

settled. 
Situation.      A  location  in  reference  to  other  places. 
Stowage.     The  process  of  placing  in  a  compact  mass. 

Establishment — Verbs. 
Adopt.     To  take  up  and  receive  as  one's  own. 
Anchor.     To  fix  or  fasten  firmly,  as  with  an  anchor. 
Bag.     To  capture. 
Billet  on.     To  quarter,  as  soldiers. 

Bivouac.     An  encampment  for  the  night  without  tents. 
Burrow.     To  lodge  in  any  deep  or  concealed  place 
Camp.     To  rest  or  lodge  at  a  place. 
Cast  anchor.     To  moor  a  ship. 
Colonize.     To  plant  or  establish  a  colony. 
Come  to  an  anchor.     To  become  fixed. 
Cradle.     To  lie  or  lodge  as  in  a  cradle. 
Deposit.     To  lodge;  lay  down;  place. 
Domesticate.     To  accustom  to  live  near  habitated  places. 
Embed.     To  lay  or  place  in  surrounding  matter. 
Encamp.     To  settle  down  for  a  temporary  stay,  as  soldiers. 
Establish.     To  make  stable  or  fix  firmly,  settle. 
Establish  oneself.     To  make  oneself  secure. 
Fit.     To  adjust ;  put  in  a  state  of  readiness. 
Fix.     To  place  in  a  definite  position. 
Freight.     To  load  or  burden  with. 
Get  a  footing.     To  gain  a  firm  position. 
Graft.     To  implant  or  propagate  by  inserting. 
Hive.     To  lay  up  in  store :  get  bees  into  a  hive. 
House.     To  shelter,  protect. 
Indenizen.     To  naturalize. 

Inhabit,  etc.     To  dwell  in,  etc.     See  Presence. 
Install.     To  give  a  place  to. 
Invest  in.     To  place  in  a  safe  condition,  enclose. 
Keep  bouse.     To  maintain  a  house. 


Dislocation,  etc.  The  act  of  displacing,  etc.  See  Organization- 
Disorganization  . 

Displacement.     The  act  of  removing  or  putting  out  of  place. 

Ejectment,  etc.  The  act  of  expelling  or  casting  out,  etc.  See 
Admission-Expulsion. 

Elocation.     Removal  from  a  customary  place  of  abode. 

Exile,  etc.  The  state  of  forced  separation  from  one's  country,  etc. 
See  Sociability-Privacy. 

Misplacement.     The  act  of  putting  in  the  wrong  place. 

Removal,  etc.  The  act  of  taking  from  one  place  to  another,  etc. 
See  Transfer. 

Transposition.     Change  of  place. 

Removal — Figurative  Expression. 

Fish  out  of  water.     A  person  in  an  unaccustomed  position. 
Removal — Verbs. 

Ablegate.     To  send  abroad. 

Cart  away.     To  carry  away  in  a  cart. 

Depart,  etc.     To  go  away,  etc.     See  Arrival-Departure. 

Disestablish.     To  unsettle;  breakup. 

Dislodge.     To  remove  from  a  place  or  position  of  quiet  and  rest. 

Dispel.     To  drive  away. 

Displace.     To  remove;  change  the  place  of. 

Displant.     To  remove  from  a  place  in  which  it  was  planted. 

Draw  off.     To  take  away. 

Empty,  etc.  To  exhaust;  make  void;  draw  off  the  contents,  etc. 
See  Admission-Expulsion. 

Exile,  etc.  To  banish  from  one's  country,  etc.  See  Sociability- 
Privacy. 

Lade,  etc      To  throw  out  or  in,  as  water,  etc.     See  Establishment. 

Remove.     To  take  from  a  place  formerly  occupied. 

Set  aside.     To  put  aside. 

Take  away.     To  carry  to  another  place. 

Take  draft  off.     To  shut  off  a  current  of  air. 

Take  off.     To  remove  from  the  outside  or  surface. 

Transfer,  etc.  Tq  remove  from  one  place  to  another,  etc.  See 
Transfer. 

Unload.     To  discharge  from  a  burden. 

Vacate.     To  leave;  go  away  from. 

Removal — Adjectives. 
Displaced,  etc.     Put  out  of  place,  etc.     See  Verbs 
Homeless.     Without  a  home. 
Houseless.     Without  a  house. 
Misplaced.     Put  in  a  wrong  place. 
Out  of  a  situation.     Without  a  place. 

Out  of  its  element.     Out  of  its  proper  sphere  or  condition. 
Out  of  place.     Displaced. 
Unestablished.     Not  settled  or  fixed 
Unharbored.     Unprotected ;  unsheltered. 
Unhoused.     Deprived  of  shelter. 
Unplaced.     Undetermined  as  to  place. 
Unsettled.     Not  fixed  or  firm. 


ESTABLISHMENT— Verbs— Continued 

Lade.     To  burden  or  weigh  down  with. 

Lay.     To  place  in  a  low,  fiat  position. 

Lay  down.     To  deposit  or  place. 

Load.     To  put  on  burdens,  weigh  down. 

Localize.     To  fix  or  place  in  a  definite  position  or  place 

Locate.     To  set  in  some  definite  spot  or  place. 


ESTABLISHMENT. 


363 


ETERNITY— INSTANTANE1TY. 


ESTABLISHMENT— Verbs— Continued. 


Locate  oneself.     To  establish  oneself  in  some  particular  place. 

Lodge.     To  set  or  fix  firmly. 

Make  a  place  for.     Make  room. 

Moor.     To  secure  a  ship  in  some  definite  station  by  means  of  anchors 

and  cables. 
Naturalize.     Toadopt;  confer  the  rights  of  citizenship  upon. 
Pack.     To  load;  stow  away  in,  as  a  trunk. 
Perch.     To  settle  or  light  on  a  fixed  body. 
Picket.     To  fasten  to  a  sharpened  stake. 
Pin.     To  fasten  with  a  pin ;  enclose. 
Pitch.     To  fix  firmly. 
Pitch  one's  tent.     To  set  up  one's  tent. 
Place.     To  put  into  a  particular  spot. 
Plant,  etc.     To  set  firmly;  establish.     See  Injection. 
Plant  oneself.     To  establish  oneself  firmly. 
Pocket.     To  put  into  a  pocket ;  conceal. 
Post.     To  set;  place;  assign  to  a  station. 
Put.     To  lay  down;  place. 
Put  at.     To  place  in  a  certain  position. 
Put  back.     To  delay ;  hinder ;  obstruct. 
Put  up.     To  place  out  of  sight,  as  a  letter. 
Put  up  one's  horses  at.     To  stay. 
Quarter.     To  furnish  with  temporary  shelter. 
Quarter  upon.     To  cause  to  lodge  with  by  compulsion. 


Replace,  etc.     To  restore  to  a  former  place  or  condition,  etc.     Sea 

Renovation. 
Reposit.     To  lay  up ;  lodge  for  safety. 
Root.     To  fasten  firmly. 
Saddle  with.     To  burden  down  with. 
Seat.     To  rest. 

Se  nicher  [F.].     To  hide  oneself. 
Set.     To  make  assume  a  specified  position,  seat. 
Settle.     To    place  in    a  fixed    or  permanent  position;    determine i 

colonize. 
Settle  down.     Settle  permanently. 
Shelve.     To  place  on  a  shelf. 
Sit  down.     To  settle;  fix  a  permanent  abode. 
Situate.     To  fix  permanently. 

Squat.     To  crouch  on  the  hams,  close  to  the  ground. 
Station.     To  place;  set. 
Stow.     To  place  or  arrange  in  a  compact  mass. 


Strike  root.  \ 


To  begin  to  grow. 


Take  root. 

Take  up  one's  abode.     To  settle;  take  up  one's  dwelling-place. 

Take  up  one's  quarters.     To  lodge. 

Tether.     To  confine  as  with  ropes. 

Tuck  in.     To  close  in. 

Vest.     To  furnish;  endow. 


Establishment — Adjectives. 


At  anchor.     Fastened  with  an  anchor. 

Domesticated.     Made  domestic. 

Embosomed.     Hidden  or  half  concealed. 

Ensconced.     Sheltered;  protected. 

Imbedded.     Deposited,  as  in  a  bed. 

Moored,  etc.     Fastened,  as  a  vessel,  etc.     See  Verbs. 


Placed.     To  set  or  put  in  a  particular  position. 

Posited.     Firmly  placed. 

Rooted.     Firmly  fixed. 

Situate.     Permanently  fixed. 

Unremoved.     Not  taken  away. 

Vested  in.     Placed  in. 


es"-ta-fet'.     A  courier.     Messenger. 

estaminet  [F.]  (es-ta-mi-ne') .  A  coffee-house  where 
smoking  is  permitted.     Dweller-Habitation. 

es-tate'.  Landed  property;  rank.  Condition-Situa- 
tion, Property;  come  to  man's  estate,  Man- 
hood. 

es-teem'.  To  value;  respect.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Faith-Misgiving,  Regard-Disrespect;  in  high 
esteem,  Approval-Disapproval,  Regard-Disre- 
spect. 

es-thet'-ic.  Relating  to  beauty  or  taste.  Taste- 
Vulgarity. 

es-thet'-ics.  Science  of  beauty  or  taste.  Taste-Vul- 
garity. 

es'-ti-ma-ble.  Worthy  of  respect.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Goodness-Badness. 

es'-ti-mate.  To  compute;  appraisement.  Decision- 
Misjudgment,  Differentiation-Indiscrimination, 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Mensuration;  estimate 
too  highly,  Overvaluation-Undervaluation. 

es"-ti-ma'-tion.  Estimate;  esteem.  Decisiom-Mis- 
judgment,  Differentiation  -  Indiscrimination, 
Mensuration,  Regard-Disrespect. 

es'-ti-val.    Relating  to  summer.     Heat-Cold. 

esto  perpetua  [L.]  (es'-to  per-pet'-iu-a) .  May  it  last 
forever.  Approval- Disapproval,  Desire -Dis- 
taste, Eternity-Instantaneity,  Mutation-Per- 
manence, Regard-Disrespect. 

esto  quod  esse  videris  [L.]  (es'-to  quod  es'-si  vid-i'-ris). 
Be  what  you  seem  to  be.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

es-top'.  To  preclude  from  averring  in  an  action  what 
is  contrary  to  prior  acts  or  admissions.  Obstruc- 
tion-Help. 

es-topped'.     Impeded.     Obstruction-Help. 


es-trade'.     A  dais.     Erectness-Flatness. 

es-trange'.  To  alienate.  Amity-Hostility,  Love- 
Hate. 

es-tranged'.  Disaffected.  Amity-Hostility,  Socia- 
bility-Privacy. 

es-trange'-ment.  Alienation.  Amity-Hostility,  Love- 
Hate. 

eslrapade  [F.]  (es-tra-pad').  A  rearing  and  kicking. 
Attack-Defense,  Recompense-Punition. 

es-treat'.  To  take  from  the  rolls  or  record  of  a-court. 
Recompense-Penalty. 

es"-tu-a'-ry.  A  wide  mouth  of  a  tidal  river.  Gulf- 
Plain. 

es"-tu-a'-tion.  Boiling;  agitation.  Heating -Cool- 
ing. 

e-su'-ri-ent.     Greedily  covetous.     Desire-Distaste. 

et  cetera  [L.]  (et  set'-e-ra).  And  other  things.  Addi- 
tion-Subtraction, Admission-Exclusion,  Plural- 
ity-Fraction. 

et  hoc  genus  omne  [L.]  (et  hoe  ji'-nus  om'-ni).  And  all 
that  sort  of  thing.  Addition-Subtraction,  Admis- 
sion-Exclusion, Uniformity-Multiformity. 

e'-tal-age.    Show  of  goods.    Pomp. 

etat-major  [F.]  (e-ta'-ma-zhor') .  The  staff  of  an  army. 
Chief-Underling. 

etch.  To  engrave  by  means  of  a  corrosive  fluid.  En- 
graving, Furrow. 

etch'-ing.    An  engraving.    Engraving. 

e-ter'-nal.  Everlasting.  Eternity-Instantaneity; 
eternal  home,  Heaven-Hell. 

E-ter'-nal.     God.     Divinity. 

e-ter'-ni-ty.  Time  without  beginning.  Divinity, 
Eternity-Instantaneity;  an  eternity,  Lasting- 
ness-Transientness;  launch  into  eternity,  Life- 
Death,  Life-Killing. 


ETERNITY-INSTANTANEITY. 


Athanasia.     Deathlessness. 

Aye.     Eternity. 

Eternity.     Infinite  duration,  having  no  beginning  and  no  end. 

Everlastingness.     Endless  duration. 


Abruptness.     The  state  of  being  abrupt  or  sudden. 
Instantaneity.  \  The  quality  of  happening  after  the  loss  of  only 

Instantaneousness.i       an  imperceptible  period  of  time. 
Suddenness.     The  state  of  being  sudden. 


ETERNITY. 


364 


ETHIOPIAN. 


ETERNITY— INSTANTANEITY— Continued 


Everness,     Eternity. 

Immortality.     The  state  of  not  being  subject  to  death. 

Perpetuation.     The  act  of  making  everlasting. 

Perpetuity.     The  state  of  being  perpetual  or  everlasting; 

time. 
Sempiternity.     Endless  future  duration. 


endless 


End  ire  forever. 
Go  on  forever. 
Have  no  end. 
Last  forever. 


Eternity — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  eternal;    esto  perpetua.     [Father  Paul   to  his 
country,  Blackstone,  I,  i.] 

Eternity — Adjectives. 


Amaranthine.     Never  fading. 

Ceaseless.      Without  a  stop  or  end. 

Coeternal.      Equally  eternal. 

Continual.      Without  interruption;  unceasing. 

Deathless.     Not  subject  to  death;  immortal. 

Endless.     Without  end. 

Eternal.     Having  neither  beginning  nor  end. 

Ever-flowing.     Unceasing. 

Evergreen.      Remaining  unwithered  throughout  the  year. 

Everlasting.     Having  no  end. 

Ever-living.     Living  always. 

Having  no  end.     Continuing  forever. 

Immortal.     Not  subject  to  death;  undying. 

Imperishable.     Exempt  from  liability  to  decay;  not  destructible. 

Incessant.     Going  on  without  interruption. 

Indesinent.     Perpetual. 

Interminable.     Having  no  termination  or  limit;  endless. 

Never  dying.  ^ 

Never  ending.  >  Continuing  always. 

Never  fading.) 

Perpetual.      Continuing  without  intermission;  everlasting. 

Sempiternal.     With  a  beginning,  but  without  end;  everlasting. 

Unceasing.     Never  ceasing. 

Undying.     Imperishable;  immortal. 

Unending.     Having  no  end. 

Unfading.     Not  fading;  everlasting. 

Uninterrupted.     Ceaseless. 

Eternity — Adverbs. 

Always.     Throughout  all  time. 

Aye.     Continually. 

Constantly,  etc.     Without  ceasing.    See  Frequency. 

Ever.     Without  cessation. 

Evermore.     For  an  indefinite  period. 

For  aye.     Forever. 

Forever.     Throughout  eternity. 

Forever  and  a  day. } 

Forever  and  ever.    V Forever  (emphatic). 

For  evermore.         J 

From  age  to  age.     Through  all  time. 

In  all  ages.     Always. 

In  secula  seculorum  [L.].     For  ages  on  ages. 

Perpetually,  etc      See  Adjectives. 

Till  doomsday.     Till  the  end  of  time. 

Time  without  end.     Forever. 

To  the  crack  of  doom.     To  the  end  of  time. 

To  the  end  of  time.  1 

"To  the  last  syllable  of  recorded  time."  {Macbeth,  V,  v.]  J 

Without  end.     Endlessly. 

World  without  end.     Forever. 

Et  e  r  n  ity — Phrases. 
Esto  perpetua  [L.].     Let  it  endure  forever.     See  above. 
Labitur,et  labetur,  in  omne  volubilis  tevum  [L-3.     It  flows,  and  it  will 

flow,  rolling  on  forever,     [Horace,  Epistles,  i,  2,  43] 
Ohne  Hast,  aber  ohne  Rast  [G.].   Unhasting,  but  unresting.  [Goethe's 

motto,  at  first  said  of  the  sun.] 
Ore  e  sempre  [It.].     Now  and  always. 

e-ter'-nize .  To  make  eternal.  Eternity-Instanta- 
neity. 

e'-ther.  A  colorless,  volatile  liquid  compound;  a  subtle 
substance  supposed  to  pervade  space.  Heaviness- 
Lightness,  Liquid-Gas,  Sensibility-Insensibil- 
ity, Solidity-Rarity. 

e-the'-re-al.  Airy;  exquisite.  Heaviness-Lightness, 
Liquid-Gas,  Substantiality-Nullity. 


Forever. 


Instantaneity — Denotations,  etc. 

Breath.     A  single  act  of  respiration;  the  time  of  a  single  respiration. 

an  instant. 
Burst.     A  sudden  breaking  forth. 
Correct  time.     The  exact  time. 
Coup  [P.J.     A  sudden  stroke;  hence,  the  time  in  which  the  stroke  is 

heard. 
Crack.     A  sudden  sound;    hence,  the  time  in  which  the  sound  is 

heard. 
Epoch.     An  interval  of  time;    a  moment  of  time  when  a  varying 

quantity  had  a  certain  given  value. 
Exact  time.     Time  conformed  as  nearly  as  possible  to  a  standard. 
Flash.     A  suaden  and  transient  blaze ;  hence,  the  time  in  which  such 

a  blaze  is  seen. 
Flash  of  lightning.     A  sudden  blaze  of  light  caused  by  the  discharge 

of  electricity  between  two  electrified  clouds;    hence,  the   time 

occupied  by  such  a  flash. 
Hour.     One -twenty-fourth  part  of  a  day. 
Instant.     A  very  brief  portion  of  time. 
Jiffy.     A  moment. 

Minute.     One-sixtieth  part  of  an  hour. 

Moment.     A  period  of  time  too  short  to  be  taken  into  account. 
Present  time.     The  passing  moment. 
Right  time.     Time  conforming  to  some  standard. 
Second.     One-sixtieth  part  of  a  minute. 
Stroke  of  time.     The  time  indicated  by  a  blow  made  by  a  striking 

instrument. 
Time.     A  definite  portion  of  duration. 
Time  of  day.     The  precise  or  appointed  moment,  instant,  or  hour 

from  sunrise  to  sunset. 
Time  of  night.     The  precise  moment,  instant,  or  hour  from  sunset 

to  sunrise. 
Trice.     A  very  short  time. 

True  time.     Time  conformable  to  a  standard  regulated  by  the  sun. 
Twinkling.     The  time  occupied  in  a  twinkling  of  fight. 
Very  hour.)  „,, 
Very  time,  i  precise  moment. 

Instantaneity — Verbs. 

Be  instantaneous.  See  Adjectives. 
Flash.  To  come  or  pass  suddenly. 
Twinkle.     To  flash  at  short  intervals. 

Instantaneity — Adjectives. 
Abrupt.     "Without  notice  to  prepare  the  mind  for  the  event. 
Hasty.     Done  in  a  hurry;  quick. 
Instant.     Closely  pressing  in  time. 

Instantaneous.     Happening  after  an  imperceptible  period  of  time. 
Momentary.     Lasting  a  very  short  time. 
Quick  as  lightning.  ~i 

Quick  as  thought.      >As  quickly  as  possible. 
Rapid  as  electricity.) 
Subitaneous.     Hasty. 
Sudden.     Happening  unexpectedly. 

Instantaneity — Adverbs. 
All  at  once;  at  a  stroke;  at  once;  "at  one  fell  swoop,"  at  an  instant; 
atone  jump;  at  the  same  instant  (see  Nouns);  ex  tempore  [L.J, 
without  premeditation;  immediately,  etc.,  without  delay  (see 
Earliness);  in  a  moment,  etc.  (see  Nouns);  in  less  than  no  time; 
in  no  time;  instantaneously,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  tnstanter  [L.],  at 
once;  in  the  same  breath;  in  the  twinkling  of  a  bed-post;  in  the 
twinkling  of  an  eye;  just  then;  like  a  shot;  on  the  spot;  on  the 
spur  of  the  moment;  per  saltum  [L.],  by  a  leap;  plump,  suddenly; 
presto  [It.],  quickly;  slap,  instantly;  slapdash,  etc.,  all  at  once 
(see  Hurry);  subito  [It.],  rapidly;  suddenly  (see  Adjeatves) 
uno  saltu  [L],  at  one  leap. 

Instantaneity- — Phrases. 
No  sooner  said  than  done. 
Touch  and  go. 

Tout-a-r heure  [F.].     Instantly. 

eth'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  ethics  or  morals.  Duty- 
Dereliction. 

eth'-i-cism.     Ethics.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

eth'-ics.  The  science  of  human  duty.  Duty-Dere- 
liction, Virtue-Vice. 

E'-thi-op.    Ethiopian;  black.    Whiteness-Blackness. 

E"-thi-o'-pi-an.  A  negro.  Ethiopian's  skin,  Eth* 
nology,  Mutability-Stability. 


ETHIOPIC. 


365 


EVANESCENCE. 


E"-thi-op'-ic.  Relating  to  Ethiopians.  Whiteness- 
Blackness. 

eth'-nic.     Racial.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

eth'-nic-al.  Belonging  to  races  or  nations.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

eth'-nog'-ra-pher.  Student  of  ethnography.  Eth- 
nology. 

eth-nog'-ra-phy.  A  science  treating  of  man  geograph- 
ically and  descriptively.    Ethnology,  Humanity. 

eth"-no-log'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  ethnology.  Eth- 
nology. 

eth-nol'-c-gy.  The  science  of  the  races  and  families  of 
men.  Ethnology,  Humanity,  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance. 

ETHNOLOGY. 

Anthropography.  The  branch  of  anthropology  which  treats  of  the 
distribution  of  the  human  race  in  its  different  divisions. 

Anthropologist.     One  versed  in  anthropology. 

Anthropology.     The  science  of  man. 

Anthroposophy.     Knowledge. of  the  nature  of  man. 

Ethnographer.     One  who  investigates  ethnography. 

Ethnography.  The  branch  of  knowledge  which  treats  of  the  charac- 
teristics of  the  human  family. 

Ethnology.  The  science  which  treats  of  the  division  of  mankind 
into  races,  their  origin,  distribution  and  relation. 

Genealogy.     Regular  descent,  of  a  person  from  progenitor. 

Human  race.       J  Mankind  couectively. 

Human  species.  > 
"Mankind.     The  human  race. 

Race.     A  tribe  or  nation  belonging  to  the  same  stock. 

Science  of  races. 

Sociologist.     One  versed  in  sociology. 

Sociology.  That  branch  of  philosophy  which  treats  of  the  constitu- 
tion and  development  of  human  society. 

Tribe.     A  family  or  race  descending  from  the  same  progenitor. 
Ethnology — Nouns  of  Classification. 

Aryan.  One  of  the  ethnological  divisions  of  mankind  called  also  the 
Indo-European. 

Caucasian.     A  member  of  any  of  the  white  races  of  mankind. 

Celtic.     One  of  the  divisions  of  the  Caucasian  race. 

Ethiop.     A  member  of  the  black  race  of  mankind. 

Hamitic.     The  black  race  of  mankind. 

Indo-European.  One  of  the  great  ethnological  divisions  of  mankind, 
distinguished  by  its  white  skin. 

Mongolian.  One  of  the  great  divisions  of  the  human  race  distin- 
guished by  its  copper-colored  skin. 

Negro.     A  member  of  the  black  race  of  mankind. 

Semitic.     A  division  of  the  Caucasian  race. 

Slavonic.     A  division  of  the  Caucasian  race. 

Teutonic.     A  division  of  the  Caucasian  race. 

Turanian.     A  race  closely  related  to  the  Mongolian. 
Eth  no  logy — A  djeclives. 

Ethnological.      Pertaining  to  the  divisions  of  mankind. 

Genealogical.     Showing  the  descent  from  a  common  ancestor. 

Sociological.     Pertaining  to  the  origin  and  history  of  human  society. 

eth"-o-log'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  ethics.  Duty-Dere- 
liction. 

eth-ol'-o-gy.  Ethics.  Duty-Dereliction,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance. 

e'-ti-o-late.  To  blanch;  to  become  white.  Color- 
Achromatism,  Whiteness-Blackness. 

e"-ti-o-la'-tion.  Paleness.  Color-Achromatism, 
Whiteness-Blackness. 

e"-ti-ol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  efficient  causes.  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Rationale-Luck. 

et'-i-quette" .  The  conventional  ceremonial  of  polite 
society.     Habit-Desuetude,  Pomp,  Society-Ludi- 

CROUSNESS. 

ttoile,  a  la  belle  [F.]  (e-twal',a  la  bel).  In  the  open  air. 
Outside-Inside,  Water-Air. 

Hoile  du  nord  [F.]  (e-twal'  dti  nor).  North  star. 
Luminary-Shade. 

ktourderie  [F.]  (e-turd-ri') .  Thoughtlessness.  Heed- 
Disregard,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

et"-y-mol'-c-gy.  The  science  of  the  origin  and  deriva- 
tion of  words.     Word-Neology. 

et'-y-mon.  The  root  form  of  a  word.  Cause-Effect, 
Word-Neology. 


eu'-cha-rist.     The  Lord's  Supper.     Ceremonial. 

eu"-cha-ris'-tic-al.  Pertaining  to  the  eucharist.  Cer- 
emonial. 

eu-chol'-o-gy.    A  liturgy  or  prayer-book.    Ceremonial. 

eu'-chre.  A  game  of  cards.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

eu"-di-om'-e-ter.  A  graduated  glass  vessel  used  in  the 
volumetric  analysis  of  gases.  Healthiness-L'n- 
healthiness,  Water-Air. 

euge  [Gr.]  (yu'-gi).  Excellent.  Approval-Disapproval. 

eu'-lo-gist.     One  who  praises.     Flatterer-Defamer. 

eu"-lo-gis'-tic.  Expressing  high  praise.  Approval- 
Disapproval. 

eu-lo'-gi-um.  A  formal  eulogy.  Approval-Disap- 
proval. 

eu'-lc-gize.  To  speak  a  eulogy  upon.  Approval-Dis- 
approval. 

eu'-lo-gy.  A  laudation.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Rhetoric. 

Eu-men'-i-des.  The  furies.  Benefactor-Evildoer, 
Favorite-Anger,  Pardon-Revenge. 

eu'-phe-mism.  A  figure  of  speech  by  which  a  more 
agreeable  word  or  phrase  is  substituted  for  a  more 
accurate  one.  Adulation-Disparagement,  Rhet- 
oric, Simplicity-Floridness. 

eu'-phe-mist.  A  user  of  euphemisms.  Flatterer- 
Defamer,  Subjectiveness-Objectiveness,  Taste- 
Vulgarity. 

eu"-phe-mis'-tic.  Characterized     by     euphemism. 

Force-Weakness,  Purity-Crudeness,  Taste-Vul- 
garity. 

eu-phon'-ic.  Pertaining  to  euphony.  Melody-Dis- 
sonance. 

eu-phon'-ic-al.     Euphonic.     Melody-Dissonance. 

eu-pho'-ni-ous.  Well-sounding.  Melody-Dissonance, 
Purity-Crudeness,    Vocalization-Muteness. 

eu'-pho-nism.     Euphony.     Melody-Dissonance. 

eu'-pho-ny.  Agreeableness  of  sound.  Melody-Disso- 
nance, Purity-Crudeness,  Vocalization-Mute- 
ness 

Eu-phros'-y-ne.  One  of  the  Graces.  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection. 

eu'-phu-ism.  A  high-flown  periphrastic  style.  Pur- 
ity-Crudeness, Rhetoric,  Simplicity-Floridness, 
Society-Affectation. 

eu'-phu-ist.  One  who  affects  refinement  of  language. 
Simplicity-Floridness,  Society-Affectation. 

eu"-phu-is'-tic.  Affectedly  refined.  Purity-Crude- 
ness, Simplicity-Floridness,  Society-Affecta- 
tion. 

eureka  [Gr.]  (yu-ri'-ka).  I  have  found  it.  [Archimedes, 
in  his  bathj    Discovery,    Investigation-Answer. 

Eu-ri'-pus.  The  narrow  channel  between  Eubcea  and 
Bceotia,  opposite  Chalcis.     Gulf-Plain. 

eu-ryth'-my.  Harmony  and  just  proportion.  Pro- 
portion-Deformity. 

Eu-se'-bi-an.  A  follower  of  Eusebius.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

Eu-ter'-pe.  One  of  the  muses,  who  presided  over  lyric 
song.     Music. 

eu-tha-na'-si-a.  A  painless,  peaceful  death.  Life- 
Death. 

e-vac'-u-ate.  To  abandon  possession  of;  to  discharge. 
Admission-Expulsion,  Arrival-Departure,  En- 
trance-Exit. 

e-vac"-u-a'-tion.  The  act  of  emptying.  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Entrance-Exit,  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion. 

e-vade'.       To  elude  or   baffle.       Duty-Dereliction, 
Observance  -  Nonobservance,      Quest  -  Evasion, 
Ratiocination-Casuistry-. 
e"-va-ga'-tion.     A  rambling.     Aim-Aberration. 
ev"-a-nes'-cence .     Disappearance.     Appearance-Dis- 
appearance, Lastingness-Transientness. 


EVANESCENT. 


366 


EVIDENCE— COUNTEREVIDENCE. 


•v"-a-nes'-cent.  Fading;  fleeting.  Appearance-Dis- 
appearance, Greatness-Littleness,  Lasting- 
ness-Transientness,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

ev"-an-gel'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  the  Gospels;  orthodox. 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Revelation-Pseudo- 
revelation. 

E-van'-gel-ist.  A  writer  of  one  of  the  Gospels;  a 
preacher.     Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

e-van"-gel-is'-tic.  Pertaining  to  the  Evangelists. 
Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

E-van'-gel-ists.  The  writers  of  the  Gospels.  Revela- 
tion-Pseudorevelation. 

e-van'-id.     Evanescent.     Strength-Weakness. 

e-vap'-or-a-ble.  Disposed  to  vaporize.  Liquefac- 
tion-Volatilization, Liquid-Gas. 

e-vap'-or-ate.  To  vaporize;  to  pass  away.  Lasting- 
ness-Transientness,  Liquefaction-Volatiliza- 
tion, Substance-Nullity. 

e-vap"-o-ra'-tion.  The  act  of  evaporating.  Chemis- 
try, Liquefaction- Volatilization. 

e-va'-sion.  The  act,  means,  or  result  of  eluding;  escape. 
Craft-Artlessness,  Duty-Dereliction,  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy, Observance-Nonobservance, 
Quest-Evasion,  Ratiocination-Casuistry,  Truth- 
fulness-Fabrication,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

e-va'-sive.  Elusive.  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Ob- 
servance -  NONOBSERVANCE,  RATIOCINATION  -  IN- 
STINCT, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

eve.  The  evening  preceding  some  particular  day. 
Morning-Evening;  on  the  eve  of,  Antecedence- 
Sequence,  Future-Past,  Lastingness-Transient- 
ness. 

e-vec'-tion.  The  largest  inequality  in  the  motion  of  the 
moon.     Organization-Disorganization. 

e'-ven.  Level;  uniform;  to  equalize.  Antagonism- 
Concurrence,  Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Equal- 
ity-Inequality, Erectness-Flatness,  Levelness, 
Modification,  Smoothness-Roughness,  Suprem- 
acy-Subordinacy,  Uniformity-Diversity;  be  even 
with,  Reprisal-Resistance,  Settlement-Default; 
even  course,  Midcourse-Circuit;  even  now,  Time; 
even  so,  Assent-Dissent,  Compensation  ;  even  tem- 
per, Excitability-Inexcitability;  even  terms, 
Right-Wrong;  even  tenor,  Regularity-Irregu- 
larity, Uniformity-Diversity;  pursue  the  even 
tenor,  Discontinuance-Continuance,  Occupation, 
Quest-Evasion. 

e'-ven-hand'-ed.  Impartial.  Right-Wrong,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

eve'-ning.  The  closing  part  of  the  day.  Morning- 
Evening;  evening  dress,  Pomp,  Society-Ludicrous- 
ness;  evening  party,  Sociability-Privacy;  shades 
of  evening,  Dimness. 

e'-ven-ness.  The  state  of  being  even.  Equality-In- 
equality. 

E'-ven-song".  Evening  Prayer     Devotion-Idolatry. 

e-vent'.  Occurrence;  outcome.  Occurrence-Des- 
tiny, Strife-Peace;  in  the  event  of,  Condition- 
Situation,  Hypothesis,  Occurrence-Destiny; 
justified  by  the  event,  Justification-Charge. 


e-vent'-ful.  Momentous.  Activity-Indolence,  Con- 
sequence -  Insignificance,  Occurrence  -  Des- 
tiny. 

e'-ven-tide".     Evening.     Morning-Evening. 

e-vents'.     Happenings.     Occurrence-Destiny. 

e-ven'-tu-al.     Final.     Future  -Past. 

e-ven"-tu-al'-i-ty.  A  consequential  event  or  issue. 
Future-Past,  Occurrence-Destiny. 

e-ven'-tu-al-ly.  Ultimately.  Cause-Effect,  Future- 
Past,  Occurrence-Destiny. 

e-ven'-tu-ate.     To  happen.     Occurrence-Destiny 

ev'-er.  At  all  times.  Eternity-Instantaneity; 
ever  and  anon,  Frequency-Rarity;  ever  changing, 
Mutability-Stability;  ever  recurring,  Recur, 
rence.  v 

ev'-er  so.  In  or  to  whatever  conceivable  degree  or 
extent.  Magnitude-Smallness;  ever  so  little, 
Magnitude-Smallness;  ever  so  long,  Lastingness- 
Transientness;  ever  so  many,  Multiplicity-Pau- 
city ;  ever  so  much,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

ev'-er-green".  Always  fresh;  a  plant  which  retains  its 
leaves  all  the  year.  Continuity-Interruption, 
Eternity  -  Instantaneity,  Lastingness  -  Trans- 
ientness,  Novelty-Antiquity. 

ev"-er-last'-ing.  Infinite  in  duration.  Eternity- 
Instantaneity;  everlasting  fire,  Heaven-Hell; 
everlasting  life,  Occurrence-Destiny;  everlasting 
torment,  Heaven-Hell. 

ev"-er-last'-ing-ness.  Infinite  duration.  Eternity- 
Instantaneity. 

ev'-er-more".     Eternally.     Eternity-Instantaneity. 

e'-ver-ness.  Everlastingness.  Eternity-Instanta- 
neity. 

e-ver'-sion.  The  act  of  everting.  Reversal,  Revolu- 
tion-Evolution. 

e-verf .    To  turn  inside  out.    Mutation-Permanence. 

ev'-er-y.  All,  taken  one  by  one.  Universality- Particu- 
larity; at  every  turn,  Presence-Absence;  every 
day,  Conventionality-Unconventionality,  Fre- 
quency-Rarity, Habit-Desuetude;  every  descrip- 
tion, Uniformity-Multiformity;  every  hand  against 
one,  Friend-Foe;  every  inch,  Entirety-Defi- 
ciency, Whole-Part;  every  other,  Periodicity- 
Irregularity;  every  whit,  Entirety-Deficiency; 
in  every  mouth,  Assent-Dissent,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit, Tidings-Mystery;  in  every  quarter,  Exten- 
sion-Inextension;  in  every  respect,  Entirety-De- 
ficiency, Truth-Error;  on  every  side,  Environ- 
ment-Interposition; every  body,  Universality- 
Particularity;  every  one,  Universality-Particu- 
larity; every  one  his  due,  Right-Wrong;  every  one 
in  his  turn,  Commutation -Permutation;  every 
where,  Extension  -Inextension,  Presence-Ab- 
sence. 

e-vict'.    To  expel  forcibly.    Admission-Expulsion. 

e-vic'-tion.  The  act  of  evicting.  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Organization-Disorganization,  Taking- 
Restitution. 

ev'-i-dence.     Ground  of  belief.     Evidence-Counter 
evidence;  ocular  evidence,  Visibility-Invisibility. 


EVIDENCE— COUNTEREVIDENCE. 


Admission.     A  conceding,  acknowledging,  or  confessing. 

Attestation.  The  statement  made  in  certifying  to  anything  as  accu- 
rate or  true. 

Authentification.     The  showing  of  anything  to  be  true. 

Authority.  That  which  may  be  appealed  to  in  support  of  an  action 
or  opinion. 

Certificate.  A  writing  so  signed  and  authenticated  as  to  be  legal 
evidence. 

Circumstantial  evidence.  Evidence  consisting  of  circumstances 
which  furnish  reasonable  ground  for  believing  as  to  the  existence 
of  fact. 

QtatJon.     An  authority  quoted. 


Conflicting  evidence.!  Testimony  in   opposition  to  evidence  already 

Counterevidence.       f      presented. 

Counterprotest.     A  formal  objection  or  declaration  in  opposition. 

Disproof.     Refutation. 

Evidence  on  the  other  hand. )  Testimony  to  support  an  opposing  side 

Evidence  on  the  other  side.   >      or  case. 

Negation.     Denial.     See  Denial. 

Other  side  of  the  ghield.     Other  side  of  a  question. 

Plea.  An  argument  in  favor  of  something  desired.  See  Pre- 
text. 

Refutation.  Proof  of  the  baselessness  of  a  charge.  See  Proof-Dis 
proof. 


EVIDENCE. 


367 


EVIDENCE. 


EVIDENCE— COUNTEREVIDENCE— C<w*i»w«/. 


Collateral  evidence.     Evidence  which  tends  to  the  same  conclusion 

as  direct  evidence. 
Comprobation.     A  joint  attestation. 
Compurgation.     Act  of  clearing  an  accused  person  by  the  oaths  01 

several  others. 
Confirmation.     The  establishment  of  a  statement  as  true. 
Constructive  evidence.     Evidence  that  is  assumed  or  inferred  to  bear 

upon  the  question  at  issue. 
Corroboration.     The  strengthening  of  a  statement  or  evidence. 
Credential.     That  which  certifies  one's  authority. 
Criterion.     A  standard  by  which  to  determine  the  correctness  of  a 

judgment  or  conclusion. 
Cumulative  evidence.     Evidence  that  consists  of  portions  gathered 

or  collected  one  after  another. 
Data.     Something  assumed,  conceded,  or  known  as  the  basis  of  an 

argument. 
Deed.     A  written  instrument  containing  a  grant  signed  and  sealed 

by  the  grantor. 
Deponent.     A  person  who,  as  a  witness,  gives  testimony  in  writing. 
Deposition,  etc.     The  statement  of  a  deponent.     See  Assertion. 
Diploma.     A  writing  granting  some  privilege  or  authority. 
Docket.     Abstract;  calendar  of  cases. 
Document.     A  manuscript  regarded  as  conveying  information  or 

evidence. 
Documentary  evidence.     Evidence  based  upon  documents. 
Doquet.     A  warrant. 

Ear-witness.     One  who  testifies  what  he  has  heard. 
Evidence.     That  which  helps  to  bring  out  the  truth  or  falsity  of 

something. 
Evidence  in  chief.     The  best  evidence  which  the  nature  of  the  case 

admits. 
Examination.     Testimony  reduced  to  writing. 
Ex-parte  evidence.     Evidence  relating  to  one  side  only. 
External  evidence.     Evidence  from  outside  sources. 
Extrinsic  evidence.     External  evidence. 
Eye-witness.     One  who  testifies  to  what  he  has  seen. 
Facts.     True  or  correct  statements. 

Grounds.     That  which  furnishes  the  basis  of  a  judgment  or  conclu- 
sion. 
Hearsay  evidence.     Testimony  concerning  what  a  witness  has  heard. 
Indication.     Anything  which  points  out.     See  Sign. 
Indicator.     Something  which  helps  to  prove. 

T  .      . ,  f  The  evidence  of  the  genuineness  of  a  document 

Internal  evidence.  J      or  work  of  Hterature  as  furnished  by  its  struc- 

Intnnsic  evidence.         . . .       .„ 

I.     ture,  contents,  etc. 

Oral  evidence.     Evidence  of  spoken  words. 

Piece  justicative  [F.].     A  justifying  statement. 

Prcecognita  [L.].  That  which  must  be  known  in  order  to  compre- 
hend something  else. 

Premises.     The  basis  of  a  judgment  or  conclusion. 

Presumptive  evidence.  Evidence  from  which,  in  the  absence  of 
direct  proof,  a  fact  is  presumed  to  exist. 

Proof.     Evidence  establishing  a  point. 

Ratification.     Confirmation. 

Record.  A  writing  for  the  purpose  of  preserving  authentic  evidence 
of  facts.     See  Record. 

Reference.     A  note  referring  to  some  book  or  passage. 

Seal,  etc.     See  Sign. 

Secondary  evidence.  Evidence  which  is  used  when  the  primary  evi- 
dence is  not  obtainable. 

Signature.  The  name  of  a  person,  or  something  representing  his 
name,  written  by  himself  as  a  sign  of  acknowledgment. 

Sponsor.  One  who  makes  himself  responsible  for  a  statement  of 
another. 

Testamur.  A  certificate  that  one  has  passed  an  examination  in  an 
English  university. 

Testification.     Testimony. 

Testimony.     Evidence  given  by  a  person  or  adduced  from  anything. 

Voucher.     Anything  that  serves  to  attest  an  alleged  act. 

Warrant.     That  which  gives  authority  for  some  act  or  course. 

Witness.  A  person  who  has  seen  or  known  something,  and  is  there- 
fore competent  to  give  evidence  concerning  it. 

Evidence — Verbs. 
Argue.     To  try  to  prove. 
Attest.     To  bear  witness. 
Authenticate.     To  show  to  be  true. 
Bespeak.     To  g^ve  evidence  of. 
Betoken.     To  be  a  sign  of. 
Breathe.     To  indicate. 
Certify.     To  give  testimony  of. 
Cite.     To  refer  to  in  support  of  an  argument. 
Confirm.     To  strengthen. 


Reverse  of  the  shield.  Counterevidence.  [The  shield  on  one  side 
gold,  on  the  other  silvery,  as  to  the  color  of  which  knights  fought .] 

Tu  quoque  argument.  "Thou  also"  argument;  an  argument  in  which 
a  person  assailed  retorts  with  a  similar  charge. 

Vindication.     Successful  defense. 

Counterevidence — Verbs. 

Check.     To  injure  the  effectiveness  of  an  argument. 

Contradict.     To  speak  in  opposition  to.     See  Denial. 

Contravene.     To  conflict  with. 

Countervail.     To  be  of  equal  value  in  opposition 

Oppose.     To  set  against. 

Rebut.     To  repel.     See  Disproof. 

Subvert.     To  overthrow.     See  sub  Destroy. 

Weaken.     To  impair  the  strength  of. 

Counterevidence — Verbal  Phrases. 
Alter  the  case;  audire  alterant  partem  [L.],  to  hearthe  otherside;  cut 
both  ways;  prove  a  negative;  tell  another  story;  turn  the  scale. 

Counterevidence — Adjectives 
Contradictory.     Tending  to  deny. 
Countervailing.     Acting  to  an  equal  extent  in  the  opposite  direction. 

See  Verbs. 
Unattested.     Unsupported  by  evidence. 
Unauthenticated.     Not  shown  to  be  trustworthy. 
Unsupported  by  evidence.     Seemingly  untrue. 

Counterevidence — Adverb 
Per  contra  [L.].     On  the  contrary. 


EVIDENCE— Verbs— Continued. 

Corroborate.     To  agree  with. 

Countersign.     To  authenticate  by  an  additional  signature* 

Depose.     To  testify  under  oath. 

Endorse .     To  approve . 

Establish.     To  prove  by  a  line  of  evidence. 

Evince.     To  show  plainly. 

Imply.     Contain  or  point  to  by  logical  inference. 

Indicate.     To  point  out. 

Involve.     To  include  by  necessity. 

Quote.     To  use  another's  words  in  support  of  an  argument. 

Ratify.     To  confirm. 

Seal.     To  settle  beyond  doubt. 

Show.     To  make  plain. 

Sign.     To  point  out. 

Substantiate.     To  establish  as  true. 

Support.     To  vindicate. 

Testify.     To  give  evidence. 

Undersign.     To  bear  witness  to. 

Uphold.     To  support  or  justify. 

Verify.     To  prove  the  truth  of. 

Evidence — Verbal  Expressions. 
Appeal  to,  to  refer  to  in  proof  of ;  bear  out,  confirm ;  bear  witness;  be 
evidence;  bring  forward;  bring  home  to,  to  prove  conclusively  to; 
bring  into  court;  bring  to  book,  to  call  to  account;  bring  together 
evidence;  call  forward;  call  into  court;  call  to  witness;  carry 
weight,  be  important;  collect  evidence;  confront  witnesses; 
deliver  as  one's  act  and  deed;  depend  upon;  give  evidence  (see 
Nouns);  have  a  case;  have  weight;  make  absolute;  make  good; 
produce  witnesses;  quote  chapter  and  verse;  rake  up  evidence; 
refer  to  witnesses;  repose  on;  rest  upon;  set  one's  hand  and  seal; 
sign  and  seal;  speak  for  itself  (see  Manifestation);  speak  vol- 
umes. 

Evidence — Adjectives. 

Based  on.     Having  as  a  foundation. 

Corroborative.j  Strengthening. 

Confirmatory.  I  *  .      ^ 

Deducible.     Capable  of- being  inferred.     See  Proof. 

Founded  on.  }Basedon. 

Grounded  on.  > 

Indicative.  |  Servi       Q  ^^ 

Indicatory.  > 

Showing.     Pointing  out.     See  Verbs, 

Evidence — Adverbs,  rfc. 
According  to.     In  agreement  with. 
A  fortiori  [L.].     With  stronger  reason. 
By  inference.     To  judge  from. 


EVIDENCE. 


368 


EXAMPLE. 


EVIDENCE— Adverbs— Continued. 


In  corroooration  of,  etc.     See  Nouns. 
Raison  de  plus  [F.J.     Greater  reason. 
Still  less.     With  less  reasons. 
Still  more.     For  greater  reasons. 


Dictum  de  dicto  iL.].     Hearsay  report. 


Under  one's  hand  and  seal.  \ .....  . 

Under  seal.  /  Authenticated  by  the  signaaiiK  «d  s 

Valeat  quantum  [L.].     This  may  be  taken  for  what  it  is  r   .1-.'. 
Witness.     According  to. 


Evidence — Phrase. 


e'-vi-dence.  Obviousness.  In  evidence,  Visibility- 
Invisibility. 

evM-dent.  Plain  or  manifest.  Certainty-Doubt, 
Manifestation-Latency,  Proof-Disproof. 

c'-vil.  Morally  bad.  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Good- 
Evil,  Goodness-Badness;  evil  courses,  Virtue- 
Vice;  evil  day,  Preparation  -Nonpreparation, 
Welfare-Misfortune;  evil  eye,  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Charitableness- Malevolence,  Devo- 
tion-Charm, Jove-Fiend,  Sight-Blindness;  evil 
favored,  Beauty-Ugliness;  evil  fortune,  Welfare- 
Misfortune;  evil  genius,  Jove-Fiend,  Welfare- 
Misfortune;  evil  hap,  Welfare-Misfortune;  evil 
hour,  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness;  evil  lot, 
Welfare-Misfortune;  evil  one,  Angel-Satan;  evil 
plight,  Welfare-Misfortune;  evil  star,  Goodness- 
Badness,  Welfare -Misfortune;  through  evil 
report,  Persistence-Whim. 

e'-vil-dis-posed".  Malicious.  Charitableness-Malev- 
olence, Virtue-Vice. 

e'-vil-do"-er.  One  who  does  evil.  Benefactor-Evil- 
poer,  Good-Evil,  Goodness-Badness,  Good  Man- 
Bad  Man. 

e'-vil-do"-ing.     Wicked  conduct.     Virtue-Vice. 

e'-vil-mind"-ed.  Malicious.  Charitableness-Malev- 
olence, Virtue-Vice. 

e'-vil-speak"-ing.  Defamation.  Adulation-Dispar- 
agement, Approval-Disapproval,  Charitable- 
ness-Curse. 

e'-vil-work"-er.  A  wicked  person.  Benefactor- 
Evildoer. 

e-vince'.  To  make  manifest.  Evidence-Counter- 
evidence,  Proof-Disproof. 

e-vis'-cer-ate.  To  disembowel.  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Injection-Extraction. 

e-vis'-cer-a-ted.    Disemboweled.    Substance-Nullity. 

e-voke'.  To  call  out.  Cause-Effect,  Excitation, 
Request-Expostulation. 

ev"-o-lu'-tion.  Development;  a  mathematical  process. 
Action-Passiveness,  Circuition,  Creation-De- 
struction, Injection-Ejection,  Movement-Rest, 
Numbering,  Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Revo- 
lution-Evolution; military  evolutions,  Fighting- 
Conciliation. 

e-volve'.  To  develop.  Creation-Destruction,  Dis- 
covery, Injection-Ejection,  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion. 

e-volved'.  Produced  by  evolution.  Revolution- 
Evolution. 

e-volved'  from.    Expanded  from.    Cause  Effect. 

e-volv'-ing.    Unfolding.    Revolution-Evolution. 

e-vul'-gate.     To  divulge.     Publication. 

e-vul'-sion.  Forcible  extraction.  Injection-Ejec- 
tion. 

ewiva  [It.]  (ev-vi'-va).  Hurrah.  Approval-Disap- 
proval. 

ewe.    A  female  sheep.    Fauna-Flora,  Male-Female. 

sw'-er.    A  water  pitcher.    Contents-Receiver. 

ex  animo  [L.]  (ex  an'-i-mo).  Willingly.  Readiness- 
Reluctance. 

ex  hypothesis  [L.]  (ex  hai-poth'-e-sis).  Prom  the  hy- 
pothesis.    Force-Weakness. 

ex  officio  [L.]  (ex  of-fish'-i-o) .  By  virtue  of  office. 
Rule-License,  Truth-Error. 


ex  parte  [L.]  (ex  par'-ti).  Relating  to  one  side  only 
Decision-Misjudgment,  Evidence-Counterevi 
dence,  Sign. 
ex  pede  Herculem  [L.]  (ex  pi'-di  her'-kiu-lem) .  From 
the  foot,  Hercules;  from  a  part,  the  whole.  Conven- 
tionality-Unconventionality. 

ex  post  facto  [L.]  (ex  post  fac'-to).  After  the  deed. 
Earliness-Lateness,  Future-Past. 

ex  tempore  [L.]  (ex  tem-po'-ri).  Without  preparation 
Opportuneness-Unsuitableness,  Perpetuity-In- 
stantaneity. 

ex-ac'-er-bate.  To  exasperate.  Alleviation-Aggra- 
vation, Increase-Decrease,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

ex-ac"-er-ba'-tion.  The  act  of  making  more  violent. 
Flatterer-Defamer,  Increase-Decrease. 

ex-act'.  To  enforce;  to  demand;  precise.  Dueness- 
Undueness,  Duty-Dereliction,  Likeness-Un- 
likeness,  Order,  Perspicuity-Obscurity,  Pre- 
sumption-Servility, Price-Discount,  Terseness- 
Prolixity,  Truth-Error;  exact  meaning,  Meaning- 
Jargon;  exact  observance,  Observance-Nonob- 
servance;  exact  truth,  Truth-Error. 

ex-ac'-ting.  Oppressive.  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment.  Desire-Distaste. 

ex-ac'-tion.  The  act  of  compelling  to  pay;  extortion. 
Dueness-Undueness,  Order. 

ex-act'-i-tude.     Exactness.     Truth-Error. 

ex-act'-ly.  Accurately.  Assent-Dissent,  Truth- 
Error. 

ex-act'-ment.     Exaction.     Price-Discount. 

•x-act'-ness.  Accuracy;  precision.  Perspicuity-Ob- 
scurity, Sight-Blindness.  « 

ex-ag'-ger-ate .  To  increase  immoderately;  to  magnify. 
Adulation-Disparagement,  Delineation-Carica- 
ture, Excess-Lack,  Gull-Hvperbole,  Increase- 
Decrease,  Overvaluation  Undervaluation. 

ex-ag'-ger-a"-ted.  Overstatement;  hyperbole.  En- 
largement-Diminution, Gull-Hyperbole. 

ex-ag"-ger-a'-tion.  Overstatement.  Adage,  Non- 
sense, Alleviation-Aggravation,  Bragging,  De- 
lineation-Caricature, Gull-Hyperbole,  In- 
crease-Decrease, Overvaluation-Undervalua- 
tion, Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

ex-alt'.  To  promote;  to  extol.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Elevation-Depression,  Increase-De- 
crease; exalt  one's  horn,  Reputation-Discredit. 

ex"-al-ta'-tion.  Act  of  exalting.  Elevation-Depres- 
sion, Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

exaltee,  tete  [F.]  (eg-zal-te',  tet).  Crazy.  Saneness- 
Maniac 

ex-alt'-ed.  Dignified.  Gentility-Democracy,  Height- 
Lowness,  Reputation-Discredit,  Unselfishness 
Selfishness. 

ex-am"-in-a'-tion.  Investigation.  Evidence-Coun- 
terevidence,  Investigation-Answer,  Refiec- 
tion-Vacancy;  post-mortem  examination,  Life- 
Funeral;  undergo  examination,  Investigation- 
Answer. 

ex-am'-ine.  To  investigate  critically.  Heed-Disrt- 
gard,  Investigation-Answer. 

ex-am'-in-er.      One   who   examines.      Investigation- 
Answer. 
x-am'-ple.      A    pattern.      Conventionality-Unco*' 


EXAMPLE. 


EXCESS— LACK. 


ventionality;  bad  example,  Good  Man-Bad  Man, 
Instructor-Pupil;  good  example,  Good  Man-Bad 
Man;  make  an  example  of,  Recompense-Penalty; 
set  a  good  example,  Virtue- Vice. 

ex-an'-i-mate.  Inanimate.  Activity-Indolence, 
Life-Death. 

ex'-arch".  A  provincial  governor  of  the  Byzantine 
emperor.     Chief-Underling. 

ex-as'-per-ate.  To  irritate  exceedingly.  Alleviation- 
Aggravation,  Favorite-Anger,  Increase-De- 
crease, Turbulence-Calmness. 

ex-as"-per-a'-tion.  Extreme  anger.  Alleviation- 
Aggravation,  Favorite-Anger. 

ex'-ca-vate.  To  hollow  out.  Convexity-Concav- 
ity. 

ex"-ca-va'-tion.     A  cavity.     Convexity-Concavity. 

ex"-ce-ca'-tion.  Act  of  making  blind.  Convexity- 
Concavity,  Sight-Blindness. 

ex-ceed'.  To  surpass.  Increment-Decrement, 
Moderation-Selfindulgence,  Supremacy-Subor- 
dinacy,  Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

ex-ceed'-ing.         Surpassing.  Increase-Decrease, 

Increment-Remnant. 

ex-ceed'-ing-ly.  To  an  unusual  degree.  Magnitude- 
Smallness. 

ex-cel'.  To  outdo.  Supremacy-Subordinacy;  excel 
in,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

ex'-cel-lence.  Superiority.  Goodness-Badness, 

Skill-Unskilfulness,  Virtue- Vice. 

excellence,  par  [F.]  (ek-sel-cnrs',  par).  Surpassing  all. 
Consequence-Insignificance. 

ex'-cel-len-cy.     A  title  of  honor.     Title. 


ex'-cel-lent.  Having  very  good  qualities.  Goodness- 
Badness,  Virtue- Vice. 

ex-cen'-tric.     Out  of  the  center.     Outside-Inside. 

ex"-cen-tric'-i-ty.  Distance  between  center  and  focus 
of  an  ellipse  or  hyperbola.     Outside-Inside. 

ex-cept'.  To  exclude;  leaving  out.  Addition-Sub- 
traction, Choice-Rejection,  Conventionality- 
Uncon ventionality,  Inclusion-Omission. 

ex-cept'-ing.     Leaving  out.     Addition-Subtraction. 

ex-cep'-tion.  That  which  is  omitted.  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Con  ventionality-Uncon  ventionality, 
Inclusion-Omission,  Modification;  take  exception, 
Approval-Disapproval,  Favorite-Anger,  Modifi- 
cation. 

ex-cep'-tion-a-ble.  Objectionable.  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Goodness-Badness,  Innocence-Guilt. 

ex-cep'-tion-al.  Unusual.  Constituent-Alien,  Con- 
vention ality-Uncon  ventionality,  Harmony-Dis- 
cord, Modification. 

ex-cep'-tions.  Fault-finding.  Favorite-Morose- 
ness,  Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

exceptis  excipiendis  [L.]  (ex-sep'-tis  ex-sip-i-en'-dis). 
Proper  exceptions  having  been  made.  Modifica- 
tion. 

ex-cern'.     To  excrete.     Admission-Expulsion. 

ex-cerp'-ta.  Passages  extracted.  Choice-Neutral- 
ity, Digest,  Mark-Obliteration,  Whole-Part. 

ex-cerp'-tion.  The  act  of  making  excerpts.  Choice- 
Neutrality. 

ex-cess'.  Unwonted  degree  or  abundance.  Excess- 
Lack,  Increment-Remnant,  Moderation-Self- 
indulgence,  Supremacy-Subordinacy;  in  excess, 
Excess- Lack. 


EXCESS— LACK. 


Accumulation.     The  result  of  repeated  additions. 

Avalanche.     A  great  or  overwhelming  influx  of  anything. 

Bonanza.     A  very  profitable  investment. 

Bonus.     An -amount  given  in  excess  of  the  stipulation. 

Burden.     A  heavy  load;  something  often  repeated  or  dwelt  upon. 

Congestion.     An  excessive  and  unhealthy  accumulation. 

Crowd.     A  large  number  of  persons  close  together. 

Drug.     An  article  of  slow  sale,  or  of  no  demand. 

Drug  in  the  market.  A  commodity  unsalable,  usually  from  over- 
supply. 

Duplicate.     An  exact  copy  or  reproduction. 

Embarras  de  richesse  [F.].     Oversupply  of  material. 

Engorgement.  Condition  of  being  filled  to  excess,  as  an  organ  of  the 
body. 

Enough  in  all  conscience.     Quite  enough. 

Epact.     Excess  of  the  solar  year  over  twelve  lunar  months. 

Excess.  That  which  passes  beyond  what  is  ordinary,  required, 
allowed,  proper,  fit,  etc. 

Exorbitance.  Quality  of  being  excessive  in  degree  or  amount: 
applied  to  demands  or  requirements. 

Expletive.     An  interjection  used  for  emphasis  only. 

Extravagance,  etc.     See  Extravagance. 

Exuberance.  Quality  resulting  from  a  fertile  or  sometimes  excessive 
source. 

Glut.     Full  supply;  supply  to  loathing. 

Heap.     A  large  number  of  things  piled  up  together. 

Intemperance.     See  Moderation-Selfindulgence. 

Inundation.     An  overflowing  abundance. 

Lavishment.     Expenditure  in  a  profuse  manner. 

Lion's  share.     The  greater  part. 

Load.     As  much  as  can  be  carried,  often  with  difficulty. 

Luxury.     Free  indulgence  in  rich  food,  clothing,  furniture,  etc. 

Margin.     A  border,  edge;  difference  between  cost  and  selling  price. 

More  than  enough.     Excess. 

Nimiety.     State  of  being  in  excess. 

Overdose.        *| 

Overflow.  /"Greater  quantity  than  is  necessary. 

Overmeasure.-' 

vei     u  .      r  That  which  remains  above  the  quantity  needed. 
Oversupply. > 

Pleonasm.     See  Terseness-Prolixity. 
Plethora.     Superabundance  of  blood. 
Profuseness.     Rich  abundance,  in  relation  to  conscious  agents. 

24 


A  beggarly  account  of  empty  boxes.     Poverty. 

Banyan  day.     A  day  of  poor  fare. 

Bare  subsistence.    Hardly  enough  to  live  on. 

Dearth.     Great  scarcity  of  provisions,  etc. 

Deficiency.     State  of  being  below  the  standard,  or  less  than  there 

ought  to  be. 
Depletion.     A  state  of  reduction  from  use,  waste,  etc. 
Dole.     That  which  is  doled  out  as  a  charitable  gift. 
Drought.     Dry  weather  continued  till  it  injures  vegetation. 
Ebb-tide.     The  tide  when  it  is  out. 
Emptiness.     State  of  containing  nothing. 
Exigency.     State  of,  or  a  case  requiring  immediate  attention. 
Famine.     A  grievous  dearth. 
Flaccidity.     Want  of  firmness  or  elasticity. 
Half  rations.     Scarcity  of  food. 
Imperfection,  etc.     See  Faultiness. 

InadequaSness. }  State  ot  not  bein«  ade<5uate- 

Inanition.     Exhaustion  from  lack  of  nourishment. 

Incompetence.     State  of  being  not  competent.     See  Enough. 

Indigence.     See  Affluence-Penury. 

Insolvency.     See  Settlement-Default. 

Insufficiency.     State  of  not  being  sufficient.     See  Enough. 

Lack.     Need. 

Low  water.     The  lowest  point  of  ebb-tide ;  the  lowest  condition. 

Need.     Condition  of  being  without  thct  which  is  necessary. 

None  to  spare.     Just  enough. 

Paucity.     Fewness  of  number. 

Pittance.     A  meager  allowance. 

Poorness.  The  condition  of  lacking  the  means  of  a  comfortable  sub. 
sistence. 

Poverty.     Condition  of  being  without  means  of  support. 

Scantiness.     Condition  of  being  scarcely  enough. 

Scarcity.  State  of  being  not  abundant  enough  for  the  need  or  de- 
mand. 

Short  allowance.     Scant  rations,  etc. 

Shortcoming.     See  Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

Short  commons.     Scant  fare. 

Starvation.     State  of  suffering  or  dying  from  lack  of  food. 

Stint.     A  fixed  or  allotted  amount. 

Vacancy.     State  of  being  unoccupied. 

Want.     State  of  being  without  that  which  is  very  desirable. 


EXCESS. 


370 


EXCESS— LACK. 


EXCESS—  LACK— Continued. 


Profusion.     Rich  abundance,  in  relation  to  unconscious  objects. 

Redundance.     A  superfluous  abundance. 

Remainder.     See  Increment-Remnant. 

Repletion.     State  of  being  completely  full  <jr  supplied. 

Satis  superque  [LJ.     Enough  and  more  than  enough. 

Sickener.     Something  that  tends  to  sicken,  nauseate,  or  disgust. 

Superabundance.    An  abundance  above  what  can  be  used,  controlled, 

etc. 
Supererogation.     Performance    of    more    than    duty    or    necessity 

requires. 

Su     rfluitv    '  r  Superabundance:  applied  to  materials,  supplies,  etc. 

Super  saturation.     State  of  the  air  when  it  contains  more  moisture 

than  sufficient  to  saturate  it. 
Surfeit.     Indulgence  to  satiety. 
Surplus.     Excess  beyond  what  is  prescribed. 
Surplusage.     Surplus;  overplus. 
Too  many.     More  in  number  than  enough. 
Too  many  irons  in  the  fire.     Too  many  projects  on  hand. 
Too  much.     More  in  quantity  than  enough. 
Transcendency.     Superiority  of  excellence. 
Turgescence.     State  of  being  swollen. ' 
Work  of  supererogation.     See  Supererogation. 

Excess — Verbs, 

Accloy.     To  fill  to  satiety. 

Brim  over.     To  be  full  to  overflowing. 

Bristle  with.     To  be  covered  as  with  bristles. 

Choke.     To  have  the  breathing  hindered  by  an  obstruction  in  the 
throat. 

Cloy,     To  satiate,  as  with  richness  or  sweetness. 

Creep  with.     To  be  covered  with  beings  so  that  the  surface  seems 
to  be  moving. 

Deluge.     To  cover  with  vast  quantities  of  water  by  heavy  rains. 

Drench.     To  wet  thoroughly  by  pouring  or  sprinkling. 

Drug.     To  oversupply. 

Drug  the  market.     To  oversupply  the  market. 

Exaggerate.     See  Gull-Hyperbole. 

Flood.     To  cover  with  water,  as  by  overflow  of  a  river's  banks,  etc. 

Flow  over.     To  be  more  than  full. 

Glut.     To  fill  or  supply  to  excess. 

Go  a  begging.     Be  without  market  value. 

Gorge.     To  fill  the  stomach  greedily. 

Hang  heavy  on  hand.     To  have  more  than  one  can  use;  said  of  time. 

Inundate.     To  cover  by  overflowing. 

Kill  the  slain.     To  do  what  is  already  done. 

Know  no  bounds.     To  have  no  bounds. 

Lay  on  thick.     To  use  extravagantly,  as  flattery. 

Lavish.     See  Extravagance. 

Load.     To  put  on  all  one  can  carry. 

Meet  one  at  every  turn.     To  see  very  frequently. 

Overabound.     Be  too  plentiful. 

Overburden.     Overtask. 

Overcharge.     To  charge  too  much. 

Overdo.     To  do  or  use  too  often 

Overdose.     To  give  too  much,  as  of  a  medicine. 

Overfeed.     To  feed  too  much. 

Overflow.     To  run  over. 

Overlay.     To  put  a  new  surface  on,  as  to  overlay  with  silver;   to 
occupy  fully. 

Overload.     To  place  too  heavy  a  load  upon. 

Overrun.     To  run  over. 

Overshoot  the  mark.     See  Transcursion. 

Overstock.     To  have  too  much  of  any  article. 

Overwhelm.     To  overcome  completely. 

Pile  up.     To  accumulate. 

Remain  on  one's  hands.     To  be  unsalable  on  account  of  oversupply. 

Roll  in.     See  Enough. 

Run  over.     To  flow  over. 

Run  riot.     To  act  or  move  without  restraint. 

Suffocate.     To  abound  exceedingly. 

Superabound.     To  abound  in  larger  quantities  than  can  be  used. 

Supersaturate.     To  fill  with  moisture  so  as  to  contain  more  than 

sufficient  to  saturate  it. 
Surcharge.     Overload;  overburden. 
Swarm.     To  be  in  great  numbers,  like  bees. 
Wallow  in.     See  Enough. 

Well  over.     To  flow  over,  as  water  from  a  spring. 
Whelm.     To  immerse  deeply;  cover  completely. 

Excess — Verbal  Expressions. 
Butter  one's  bread  on  both  sides.     To  go  to  excess. 
Carry  coals  to  Newcastle.     To  do  anything  unnecessary. 


Lack — Verbs, 
Be  insufficient.     See  Adjectives, 
Be  in  want.     See  Verbs. 
Caret  [L.].     It  lacks. 

Come  short  of.     See  Transcursion-Shortcoming. 
Do  insufficiently,  etc .     See  A dverbs. 

Drain  of  resources.     Exhaust  the  means  of  support  or  revenue. 
Impoverish.     See  Provision-Waste. 
Lack.     To  be  without;  usually  limited  to  one  thing. 
Live  from  hand  to  mouth.     To  incur  expenses  to  the  limit  of  one's 

wages. 
Need.     To  be  without  what  is  necessary. 
Not  suffice.     Not  be  sufficient. 

Put  on  short  allowance.     To  give  less  food  or  money  than  usual. 
Render  insufficient,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Require.     To  claim  on  the  ground  of  necessity  or  right. 
Run  dry.     To  become  dry;  as  a  stream. 
Scotch  the  snake.    Do  incompletely ;  wound  slightly. 
Stint.     To  limit  or  bound. 
Want.     To  be  without  what  is  very  desirable. 

Lac  k — A  djectives . 

At  a  low  ebb.      In  a  low  condition. 

At  the  end  of  one's  tether.     At  the  end  of  one's  resources. 

Bare.     Without  ornament,  as  bare  walls. 

Deficient.     Below  the  standard,  or  less  than  there  ought  to  be. 

Denuded  of.     Stripped  of  its  covering  or  appendages. 

Destitute  of.     Without  that  which  is  necessary  or  desirable. 

Devoid  of.      Without  that   which   naturally  does   or   may  belong 
there. 

Drained.     Empty  of  wealth,  resources,  etc. 

Dry.     Free  from  moisture;  lacking  interest. 

Empty.     Containing  nothing. 

Empty-handed.     Without  help  or  resources. 

Famine-stricken.     Suffering  from  famine ;  said  of  a  people  or  land. 

Famished.     Suffering  or  dead  from  lack  of  nourishment,  especially 
water. 

Half-starved.     Deprived  of  food. 

Ill-furnished.     Not  well  fitted  out. 

Ill-off .     Poor  or  unfortunate. 

Ill-provided.     Not  having  much  on  hand,  or  not  in  a  state  of  read* 
ness. 

Ill-stored.     Poorly  supplied. 

Imperfect.     See  Faultlessness-Faultiness. 

Inadequate.     Not  adequate.     See  Enough. 

Incompetent.     Not  competent.     See  Enough. 

In  debt.     Owing  something. 

Insufficient.     Not  sufficient.     See  Enough. 

In  want.     See  Nouns. 

Jejune.     Devoid  of  life,  point,  or  interest. 

Meager.     Deficient  in  quantity  or  quality. 

Not  enough,  etc.     See  Enough. 

Not  to  be  had.     Scarce. 

Not  to  be  had  at  any  price.  1  y        scarce 

Not  to  be  had  for  love  or  money,  t 

Out  of.     Without. 

Perfunctory.     See  Carkfulness-Carelessness. 

Poor.     Lacking  the  means  of  a  comfortable  subsistence. 

Scant.     Scarcely  enough. 

Scarce.     Not  abundant  enough  for  the  need  or  demand. 

Scrimp.     Short;  scanty 

Scurvy.     Vile;  mean;  low;  vulgar. 

Short  of.     Lacking. 

Slack.     Lacking  diligence,  promptness,  speed,  etc 

Spare.     Scanty;  thin;  lean. 

Sparing.     Slight. 

Starved.     Suffering  or  dead  from  hunger. 

Starveling.     Failing  to  meet  the  needs  or  requirements. 

Stingy.     Meanly  ungenerous. 

Stinted.     Limited. 

Thin.     Not  crowded,  abundant,  or  thick. 

Too  little.     Not  enough. 

Unequal  to.     Inadequate  for  the  purpose. 

Unfed.     Unprovided  with  food. 

Unfurnished.     Not  fitted  up. 

Unprovided.     Not  in  a  state  of  readiness;  with  nothing  on  hand. 

Unreplenished.     Without  being  filled  up  again. 

Unstored.     Not  collected  together. 

UnswppHed.     Without  supplies. 

Untreasured.     Despoiled  of  treasure. 

Vacant.     To  be  "noccupied. 

Wanting,  etc.     See  Verbs. 


EXCESS. 


371 


EXCHANGE. 


EXCESS— LACK— Continued. 


EXCESS — Verbal  Expressions — Continued. 

Employ  a  steam  engine  to  crack  a  nut.     To  use  great  efforts  to  do  a 

small  thing. 
Gild  refined  gold.     To  do  what  is  already  done. 
Paint  the  lily.     To  attempt  to  beautify  what  is  as  beautiful  as 

possible.    "To  gild  refined  gold,  to  paint  the  lily,  is  wasteful  and 

ridiculous  excess.'*  [Shakespeare,  King  John,  IV,  ii.] 
Pisces  natare  docere  [L.J.     To  teach  fishes  to  swim. 
Put  butter  upon  bacon.     To  do  anything  unnecessary. 
Send  coals  to  Newcastle.     See  Carry  coals  to  Newcastle. 
Teach  one's  grandmother  to  suck  eggs.     To  teach  one  what  one 

already  knows. 

Excess — Adjectives. 

Adscititious.     Supplemental;  additional.     See  Addition. 

Crammed  to  overflowing.    Gorged. 

De  trop  [F.].     Too  much. 

Drenched.     Wet  from  being  poured  or  sprinkled  on. 

Dropsical.     Resembling  dropsy. 

Duplicate.     Exactly  copied. 

Excessive.     Passing  beyond  what  is  ordinary,  required,  fit,  etc. 

Exorbitant.     Excessive  in  degree  or  amount;  applied  to  demands. 

Expletive.     Inserted  or  added  for  emphasis. 

Extravagant.     See  Extravagance. 

Exuberant.     Copious  and  rich.     See  Nouns. 

Filled  to  overflowing.     Gorged. 

Gorged.     Filled  by  eating  greedily. 

In  excess.     More  than  sufficient. 

Inordinate.     Not  limited;  said  of  human  desires. 

Lavish.     See  Extravagance. 

Needless.     Unnecessary. 

Obese.     Encumbered  with  flesh  or  fat. 

On  one's  hands.      Not  to  be  used  or  sold. 

Over  and  above.     Being  more  than  required. 

Overcharged,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Overflowing.     Running  over. 

Overfond.     Fond  to  excess. 

Overmuch.     More  than  necessary. 

Overweening.     Arrogant  in  one's  thoughts  or  claims 

Plethoric.     Evincing  plethora. 

Prodigal.     See  Extravagance. 

Profuse.     Richly  abundant. 

Ready  to  burst.     Gorged. 

Redundant.     Abundant  to  superfluity. 


LACK — Adjectives — Continued. 


** Weighed  in  the  balances  and  found  wanting."     Lacking  a  necessary 

qualification;  Tekel.     [Daniel  v,  27.] 
Without  resources,  etc.     Without  that  which  can  be  turned  to  aid 

See  Means. 

La  c  k — A  dverbs. 
Failing.     Lacking. 
For  want  of.     Because  of  the  lack  of. 
In  default  of.     Owing  to  lack  or  failure  of. 
Insufficiently.     See  Adjectives. 


EXCESS — Adjectives — Continued. 

Replete.     Completely  full  or  supplied. 

Running  down.     Going  to  waste. 

Running  over.     More  than  full. 

Running  to  waste.     Having  more  than  is  sufficient. 

Spare.     Over  and  above  what  is  necessary. 

Superabundant.     More  than  can  be  used  or  controlled. 

Supererogatory.     Not  required  by  duty. 

Superfluous.     Superabundant;  said  of  things  material. 

Supernumerary.     Beyond  the  number  stated.     See  Store. 

Supersaturated.     See  Verbs. 

Supervacaneous.     Needless. 

To  spare.     More  than  enough. 
Turgid.     Swollen. 
Uncalled  for.     Unnecessary. 
Unnecessary.     Needless, 

Excess — Adverbs. 
Aburst;   beyond  measure;  beyond  the    mark  (See  Transcursion); 
extra;  out  of  measure;  over;  over  and  above;  over  head  and  ears; 
overmuch;  too;  too  far;  too  much;  up  to  one's  ears;  up  to  one's 
eyes ;  without  measure ;  with     .     .     .     to  spare. 

Excess — Phrases. 

Acervatim  [L.].     In  heaps. 

Fortuna  multis  dat  nimium,  nulli  satis  [L.j\      Fortune  to  many  gives 

too  much,  to  none  enough.      [Martial,  10,  12,  2.] 
It  never  rains  but  it  pours. 


ex-ces'-sive.         Extreme.         Magnitude-Smallness, 

SUPREMACY-SUBORDINACY. 

ex-cess'-ive-ly.  Immoderately.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness. 

ex-change'.  To  barter;  traffic.  Alienation,  City- 
Country,  Commutation-Permutation,  Exchange, 
Interdependence,  Market;  bill  of  exchange, 
Security;  exchange  blows,  Strife-Peace. 

EXCHANGE. 

Agiotage.  The  maneuvering  of  men  in  changing  the  prices  in  the 
stock  market. 

A  Roland  for  an  Oliver.  Tit  for  tat;  to  give  in  return  as  good  as 
you  receive;  one  hero  of  romance  for  another. 

Bargain.  An  agreement  between  parties  concerning  the  sale  of 
anything. 

Bargain  and  sale.  A  contract  for  the  sale  and  conveyance  of  val- 
uable property,  the  operative  words  of  such  contract. 

Barter.     The  exchanging  of  goods. 

Brokery.     The  work  or  business  of  a  broker. 

Business.     Mercantile  or  commercial  enterprise. 

Buying  and  selling.     Acquiring  property  and  disposing  of  it. 

Commerce.  The  buying  and  selling  of  commodities,  especially  when 
carried  on  on  a  large  scale  and  between  distant  places. 

Commercial  enterprise.     The  carrying  on  of  commerce. 

Commutation.     An  exchange  of  commodities. 

Composition.  The  settling  of  a  debt  or  other  disagreement  by  a 
money  consideration. 

Custom.     Frequenting  a  place  of  business  to  make  purchases 

Dealing.     Carrying  on  business  transactions. 

Exchange.     The  act  of  giving  one  thing  for  another. 

Free  trade.     Commerce  not  restricted  by  any  duties. 

Interchange,  etc.  The  mutual  exchange  of  property  between  per- 
sons.    See  Commutation-Permutation. 


Jobbing.  The  business  of  buying  goods  from  importers  and  manu- 
facturers and  selling  to  retailers. 

Mercature.     Traffic;  commerce. 

Negotiation.     Business  transaction  between  different  countries. 

Nundination.     Buying  and  selling  at  fairs. 

Quid  pro  quo  [L.].     Something  for  something;  an  exchange. 

Scorse.     Exchange;  trade. 

Shopping.     Visiting  of  shops  or  stores  to  buy  goods. 

Speculation.  A  risky  investment  of  money  with  the  expectation  of 
great  gain. 

Stockjobbing.     The  business  of  dealing  in  stocks. 

Trade.  Business  of  exchanging  commodities  by  buying  and  selling 
for  money. 

Traffic.     The  interchange  of  goods. 

Transaction.     The  doing  of  any  business. 

Truck  system.     The  giving  of  goods  instead  of  money  as  wages. 

Exchange — Verbs. 

Ask.     To  demand  as  a  price. 

Bargain.     To  make  a  contract  for  the  sale  or  exchange  of  goods. 

Barter.  To  exchange  one  commodity  for  another  without  using 
money. 

Beat  down.     To  contend  for  a  lower  price. 

Be  in  business.     To  be  engaged  in  some  method  of  exchange. 

Be  in  the  city.     To  be  in  business. 

Bid  for.     To  make  an  offer  for  anything. 

Buy  and  sell.     To  engage  in  trade. 

Buy  in  the  cheapest  and  sell  in  the  dearest  market.  To  trade  advan- 
tageously. 

Carry  on  a  trade.     To  buy  and  sell. 

Chaffer.     To  haggle  about  ft  price. 

Charge.     To  ask  a  price. 

Cheapen.     To  lower  the  price. 

Commutate,  etc.  To  exchange  one  thing  for  another.  See  Com- 
mutation. 

Compound  for.     To  settle  for  less  than  the  sum  due. 

Deal  in.     To  exchange  a  particular  commodity. 


EXCHANGE. 


372 


EXCITABILITY—  INEXCITABILITY. 


Deal  with.     To  trade  with. 

Do  business  with.     To  trade  with. 

Drive  a  bargain.     To  make  a  bargain  after  persistent  effort. 

Drive  a  trade.     To  make  a  trade  after  much  haggling. 

Employ  one's  capital  in.     To  do  business  in. 

Exchange.  To  give  in  consideration  of  something  received  as  an 
equivalent. 

Give  and  take.     To  average  gains  and  losses. 

Give  a  sprat  to  catch  a  herring.  To  give  up  something  of  little 
value  to  get  something  of  great  value . 

Haggle.     To  quibble  about  the  terms  of  a  bargain. 

Have  dealings  with.     To  do  business  with. 

Higgle.     To  dispute  for  a  small  advantage  in  buying  and  selling. 

Huckster.     To  deal  in  articles  of  little  value. 

Interchange,  etc.  To  give  and  take.  See  Commutation-Permuta- 
tion. 

Keep  an  account  with.     To  do  business  with. 

Keep  a  shop.  To  be  engaged  in  a  mercantile  business  on  a  small 
scale. 

Make  a  bargain.     To  trade  to  advantage. 

Negotiate.     To  treat  with  another  concerning  a  business  transaction. 

Wundinate.     To  traffic  at  fairs. 

Open  an  account  with.     To  begin  a  protracted  business  relationship. 

Outbid.     To  bid  higher  than  somebody  else. 

Ply  a  trade.     To  practise  a  trade. 

Pug  the  market.     To  change  the  market  price  by  fraud. 

Scorse.     To  trade. 

Speculate.  To  make  risky  purchases  or  investments  with  the  hope  of 
large  gain. 

Stickle.     To  contend  over  small  matters. 

Stickle  for.     To  contend  for  a  small  advantage. 

Strike  a  bargain,  etc.     To  obtain  a  bargain.     See  Contract. 

Swop.     To  exchange. 

Trade.     To  buy  and  sell  or  engage  in  business. 

Trade  with.     To  have  business  relations  with. 

Traffic.     To  carry  on  business. 

Transact  business  with.     To  do  business. 

Truck.     To  barter;  peddle. 

Underbid.     To  bid  less  than  somebody  else. 


Exchange — Adjectives, 

Commercial.     Pertaining  to  commerce . 

For  sale.     Offered  to  those  who  want  to  buy. 

Interchangeable.     Capable  of  being  exchanged 

In  the  market.     Offered  for  sale. 

Marketable.     Fit  to  be  sold;  in  demand 

Mercantile.     Pertaining  to  buying  and  selling. 

Retail.     Concerned  in  selling  goods  in  small  quantities. 

Staple.     Established  in  trade,  as  an  article  of  commerce 

Trading.     Employed  in  commerce. 

Wholesale.     Concerned  in  selling  goods  in  large  quantities. 

Exchange — Adverb. 

Across  the  counter.     In  a  business  manner. 

Exchange — Phrases. 

Cambio  non  e  furto  [It.].     Exchange  is  no  robbery. 
Lettre  de  criance  [F.j.     Letter  of  credit. 

ex-cheq'-uer.  The  treasury  of  a  state.  Treasury; 
baron  of  exchequer,  Judge;  court  of  exchequer,  Tri- 
bunal; exchequer  bill,  Money. 

ex-cise'.  An  internal  revenue  tax.  Addition-Sub- 
traction, Price-Discount. 

ex-cise'-man.  An  officer  who  collects  duties,  and 
guards  against  violation  of  the  excise  law.  Judica- 
ture. 

ex-ci'-sion.     Pruning.     Addition-Subtraction. 

ex-ci'-ta-ble.  Easily  excited.  Favorite-Quarrel- 
someness. 

ex-ci"-ta-bil'-i-ty.  Susceptibility  to  excitement.  Ex- 
citability -  Inexcitability,  Favorite  -  Quarrel- 
someness, Sensitiveness-Apathy. 


EXCITABILITY— INEXCITABILITY. 


Agitation.     Disturbance  of  thoughts  or  feelings.     See  Agitation. 
Agony.    Intense  m«ntal  suffering ,  shown  like  that  of  a  wrestler  in  the 

games. 
Anger.     Keen  displeasure    felt  at  a  wrong,  real  or  supposed.     See 

Anger. 
Boiling.     State  of  being  violently  aroused. 
Boisterousness.     Unchecked  merriment.     See  Adjectives. 
Burst      Sudden  outbreak. 
Delirium.     Frantic  condition  of  the  mind. 
Desperation.     Utter  hopelessness. 


Disquietude.}  Uneas»ness  of  mind. 


Distraction.     Lack  of  unity  of  mind  in  action  because  of  pain,  etc. 

Ebu .  lition .     B  oiling. 

Effervescence.     Lively  exhibition  of  feeling. 

Fascination.     Charm. 

Ferment.     State  of  unrest,  as  in  fermentation. 

Fever.     State  of  great  unrest,  as  in  heat. 

Fidgetiness.     Tendency  of  the  mind  to  change  from  one  thing  to 

another. 
Fidgets.     Condition  of  restless  nervousness. 
Fierceness.     Savageness  of  mood.     See  Adjectives. 
Fieriness.     Irritability. 
Fire.     Liveliness  of  feeling. 
Fit.     Impulsive  activity. 
Flame.     Outburst. 
Flurry. 


Flush 

Fluster 

Flutter. 

Fume. 

Furor. 

Furore 

Fury- 

Fuss. 

Gust. 

Heat. 

Hurry. 


Sudden  disturbance. 

Fretful  anger, 
f  Unbounded  excitement. 


Fierceness. 

Much  ado  about  nothing. 

A  sudden  violent  outburst  of  feeling,  as  from  wind. 

Excitement. 
Injurious  haste. 
Hysterics.     Uncontrolled  excitement. 
Impatience.     Fretfulness. 
Impetuosity.     Absence  of  reserve. 


Calmness.     State  of  being  unruffled. 

Composure.     State  of  having  the  emotions  completely  controlled. 

Coolness.     Absence  of  passion. 

Dispassion.     Display  of  indifference. 

Endurance.     Power  to  bear. 

Equanimity.     Evenness  of  temper  in  trying  circumstances. 

Forbearance.     Endurance  of  offenses  without  retaliation. 

Fortitude.     A  calm  and  unfaltering  strength  in  all  dangers. 

Gravity.     Seriousness  of  character;  weight. 

Hebetation.  I  0,      .... 

Hebetude.    /Stupidity. 

Impassibility       Inability  to  feel.     See  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

Imperturbability.     Quality  of  not  being  moved. 

Imperturbation.     State  of  not  being  moved. 

Indisturbance.     Freedom  from  disturbance. 

Inexcitability.     Quality  of  not  being  easily  excited. 

Inirritability.     Quality  of  not  being  easily  provoked. 

Longanimity.     Disposition  to  endure  offenses. 

Long-sufferance.     Passive  allowance. 

Moderation.     The  habit  of  staying  within  bounds. 

Passiveness.     Inaction;  placidity.     See  Vigor-Inertia. 

Patience.     The  quality  of  enduring  without  complaint. 

Patience  of  Job.     Great  patience,  like  that  shown  by  the  Biblical 

character  Job. 
Patience  on  a  monument,  smiling  at  grief.     [Shakespeare,  Twelfth 

Night,  II,  iv.] 
Patience  sovereign  o'er  transmuted  ills.     Patience  that  overcomes  all 

evils.     [Samuel  Johnson,  Vanity  of  Human  Wishes,  36a.] 
Peace  of  mind.     Calmness  or  freedom  from  excitement. 
Philosophy.     Fortitude . 
Placidity.     Evenness  of  temper. 
Quakerism.     Affected  seriousness 

Quietude.}  Absence  of  excitement- 

Repression  of  feeling.     Control  of  one's  emotions. 

Resignation.     Unconcern  for  results. 

Restraint.     Bridling  of  the  emotions.     See  Release-Restraint 

Sang  froid  [F.].     Cold  blood;  indifference. 

„  .,~conl     .      *  }  Calm    control  of   one's    powers    under  trying  ciiv 

„  ,,~c  :        I      cumstances. 

Self-possession.  > 


EXCITABILITY. 


373 


EXCITABILITY— INEXCITABILITY. 


EXCITABILITY—  WEXCITAB1LITY— Continued. 


Infatuation.     Passion  weakening  the  judgment. 

Intolerance.     Unwillingness  to  endure. 

Intoxication.  High  degree  of  excitement,  as  from  drink  or  a  poi- 
soned arrow. 

Irritability.  The  quality  of  being  easily  provoked.  See  Favorite- 
Quarrelsomeness. 

Itching.  Teasing  uneasiness,  allayed  by  rubbing,  as  an  "itching 
palm"  to  be  rubbed  with  gold  [Shakespeare,  Julius  Ccesar, 
IV,  iii];  "itching  ears"  [II  Timothy  iv,  3].     See  Desire. 

Non-endurance.     Lack  of  power  of  endurance. 

Outbreak.!  ,-. 

Z.   -*.       ,     1  Demonstration. 
Outburst.  > 

Paroxysm.     Sudden  and  violent  activity. 

Passion.     Overpowering  agitation  of  mind,  in  which  reason  suffers. 
Perturbation.     Thorough  disquiet. 
Phrenzy.     Irrational  excitement. 

Pother.     Confused  excitement  continuing  for  a  long  time. 
Quixotism.     Chivalry  or  philanthropy  run  mad  with  amiable  mad- 
ness, as  in  Don  Quixote. 
Rage.     Raving  anger. 
Raving.     Wild,  incoherent  talk. 
Restlessness.     Disturbance  of  mind. 
Ruffle.     Tumult. 
Scene.     Show  of  excitement. 
Stew.     A  state  of  worry. 


Storm.      I  . 
JA 


furious  commotion. 


Tempest. 

Tete  montte  [F.].     The  head  raised. 

Thrill.     A  quiver  running  through  the  body.     See  Emotion. 

Trepidation.     Excited  alarm. 

Tumult.     High  excitement. 

Turbulence.     State  of  great  disorder. 

Vehemence.     Excessive  passion. 

Violence.     State  of  being  furious.     See  Turbulence. 

Whiff.     Puff;  outbreak. 

Wincing.     Trembling  from  excitement. 

Excitability — Verbs. 
Chafe.     To  be  provoked. 
Fidget.     To  be  in  a  state  of  nervousness. 

Furn^}Tobefurious' 

Fuss.     To  make  much  ado  about  nothing. 

Rage.     To  be  violent  in  anger. 

Rant.     To  utter  high-sounding  but  meaningless  language. 

Rave.     To  speak  wildly. 

Tear.     To  distress  violently. 

Toss.     To  make  or  be  restless. 

Wince.     To  twist  or  give  way  under  pain. 

Excitability — Verbal  Expressions. 

Battre  la  campagne  [F  ],  to  talk  at  random;  bear  ill,  to  suffer  un- 
willingly; be  impatient;  be  in  a  stew,  to  worry;  be  out  of  all 
patience;  boil  over,  break  out,  burst  into  a  flame,  burst  out,  champ 
the  bit;  faire  le  diable  a  quatre  [F.],  to  play  the  devil;  fire  up, 
flame  up,  flare  up,  fly  off,  fly  off  at  a  tangent,  fly  out;  go  into 
hysterics,  go  mad,  go  off,  go  wild,  lose  one's  temper,  etc.  (see 
Favorite-Anger),  to  be  restless  or*excited;  not  be  able  to  bear 
(see  Inexcitability^  ;  play  the  deuce,  run  amuck,  run  mad,  run 
riot,  run  wild,  to  be  uncontrolled;  take  fire,  to  become  aroused, 
toss  on  one's  pillow,  to  have  something  disturbing  the  mind. 

Excitability — Adjectives. 
Boisterous.     Noisy. 

Burning.     Producing  an  intense  feeling. 
Chafing.     Fretful.     See  sub  Verbs. 
Clamorous.     Making  a  great  outcry. 
Delirious.     Raving. 
Demonstrative.     Making  a  great  show. 
Electric.     Thrilling. 
Enthusiastic.     Filled  with  enthusiasm. 
Excitable.     Easily  roused  up. 
Excited.     Stirred  up. 

Exciting.     Producing  excitement.     See  Excitation. 
Fanatical.     Showing  unreasonable  enthusiasm. 
Febrile.     Feverish. 
Feverish.     Highly  excited. 
Fidgety.     Nervous. 
Fierce.     Unrestrained. 
Fiery.     Easily  wrought  up. 
Furious.     Raging. 
Fussy.     Paying  too  much  attention  to  trifles. 


Self -restraint.     Control  ot  one's  passions. 

Serenity.     Freedom  from  anxiety. 

Sobriety.     Habitual  freedom  from  inebriation. 

Staidness.     Absence  of  flightiness.     See  Adjectives. 

Stoicism.     Indifference  to  pleasure  and  pain.     [A  stoic  of  the  woodt 

a  man  without  a  tear.     Campbell,  Gertrude  of  Wyoming,  i,  23.} 
Stupefaction.     A  state  of  dulness. 

Subjugation  of  feeling.     Bringing  feeling  under  the  yoke  of  reason 
Submission.     Spirit  of  humility.     See  Yielding. 
Sufferance.     Passive  allowance. 

Supportance.     Submission.  1 

Tolerance.     Endurance  of  opinions  differing  from  one's  own. 
Tranquillity.         )  Freedom  from  agitation,  etc.     See  Turbulencb 
Tranquillization.f      Calmness. 

Inexcitability — Verbs. 

Abide.     To  endure. 

Abide  with.     To  have  patience  with. 

Aby.     To  endure. 

Acquiesce.     To  agree  without  opposition. 

&quam  servare  ntentem  [L.].     To  preserve  an  even  temper. 

Allay  one's  excitability.     See  Excitability. 

Appease.     To  allay  anger.     See  Turbulence-Calmness. 

Bear.     To  put  up  with. 

Bear  the  brunt.     To  endure;  to  sustain  the  heaviest  part. 

Bear  well.  )  TT  ... 

Bear  with.  I  Have  Paltence  Wlth- 

Be  endured.)  Endured  Patiently. 

Bide.     To  endure. 

Brave.     To  meet  with  courage. 

Brook.     Tolerate. 

Calm  down.     To  grow  calm. 

Check  oneself.  »  .r         .  , 

Cool  down.       /  To  restrain  one  s  Passions. 

Digest.     To  submit  to.     [You  shall  digest  the  venom  of  your  spleen 

though  it  do  split  you.     Shakespeare,  Julius  Ccesar,  IV,  iii,  47-] 
Disregard.     To  pay  no  attention  to. 
Eat .     To  endure  submissively . 
Endure.     To  suffer;  to  bear. 
Faire  aller  [F.].     To  allow  to  do  as  it  pleases. 

Go  down.      1  „, 

r«    *i.         u  f  lo  endure. 

Go  through.) 

Grow  cool.     To  overcome  excitement. 

Keep  one's  countenance.     To  appear  unaffected. 

Laisser  aller  [F.].     To  let  go  as  it  will. 

Live  and  let  live.     To  have  regard  for  others. 

Make  a  virtue  of  necessity.     To  seem  to  do  willingly  what  is  done  by 

compulsion.     [Chaucer,  Knight's  Tale,  3044] 

Make  light  of.     To  treat  with  contempt. 

Make  oneself  easy.        1  ™     ,  . 

„  .  ,       .    /  r  To  drive  away  some  care. 

Make  ones  mind  easy.  * 

Make  the  most  of.     To  interpret  in  the  best  or  worst  possible  mean- 
ing. 
Master  one's  feelings.     To  exercise  self-control. 
Overcome  one's  excitability.     See  Excitability. 
Pocket.     To  put  up  with. 

Propitiate.     To  give  satisfaction  for  an  offense. 
Put  a  good  face  on.     To  assume  an  indifferent  air. 
Put  up  with.     To  endure. 
Reconcile  oneself  to.     To  yield  to. 
Render  insensible.     See  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 
Repress.     To  keep  checked.     See  Release-Restraint. 
Repress  one's  excitability. 
Resign  oneself  to.     To  yield  to  willingly. 
Rub  on.     To  live  on  in  spite  of  difficulty. 
Set  one's  mind  at  ease.)  ^,  .    .  .  „., 

Set  one's  mind  at  rest.  J"  To  cease  to  have  care  about  something 

Stomach.  }Toe"dure  quietly. 

Submit.     To  yield. 

Submit  with  a  good  grace.     To  yield  calmly. 

Suffer.     To  allow. 

Support.     To  undergo. 

Swallow.     To  put  up  with. 

Take  coolly.     Not  to  be  affected  by. 

Take  easily.     To  be  not  much  concerned  about. 

Take  in  good  part.     Take  with  good  grace. 

Take  it  easy.  "\ 

Take  things  as  they  come.  >■  To  make  little  attempt  to  control. 

Take  things  easily.  ) 

Take  up  with.     To  become  familiar  with ;  to  enjoy. 


EXCITABILITY. 


374 


EXCITATION. 


EXCITABILITY— INEVITABILITY— Continued. 


EXCITABILITY— Adjectives— Continued. 

Hasty.     Quickly  aroused  to  anger. 

Hurried.     Excited. 

Hurry-skurry.     Confused;  in  a  bustle. 

Hysterical.     Fitfully  emotional. 

Impassioned.     Expressing  great  emotion. 

Impatient.     Restless.  ' 

Impetuous.     Acting  spontaneously. 

Impulsive.     Acting  without  forethought. 

Inextinguishable.  Uncontrollable,  like  the  laughter  of  the  gods  at 
Vulcan.      [Homer,  Iliad,  i,  763-] 

Intolerant.     Not  enduring  difference  of  opinions,  etc. 

Irrepressible.     Not  to  be  checked. 

Irritable.     Easily  provoked.     See  Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

Mad.     Raging. 

Madcap.     Acting  in  a  rash  or  giddy  manner. 

Mercurial.  Sprightly;  lighthearted ;  like  the  god  Mercury,  or  quick- 
silver. 

Mettlesome.     High-spirited. 

Moody.     Variable  in  humor. 

Passionate.     Subject  to  suffering  from  overpowering  feeling. 

Rabid.     Inordinately  excited.     See  Desire. 

Rampant.     Unbridled. 

Restless.     Fidgety. 

Simmering.     Gently  moved  by  emotion. 

Skittish.     Easily  frightened. 

Stanchless.     Not  able  to  be  stopped. 

Startlish.     Timid. 

Tempestuous.     Stormy. 

Tumultuous.     Disorderly. 

Turbulent.     In  great  commotion. 

Uncontrollable.     Not  to  be  controlled. 

Ungovernable.     Not  to  be  governed. 

Unquiet.     Disturbed. 

Uproarious.     Making  a  great  disturbance. 

Vehement.     Marked  by  impetuous  animation. 

Violent.     Intense. 

Volcanic.  Bursting  out  with  violence,  like  the  chimney  of  the  forge 
of  Vulcan. 

Wild.     Greatly  excited. 

Excitability — Adjective  Expressions, 

In  an  excited  state;  maggoty-headed,  whimsical;  noIimetangere[L.}. 
touch  me  not,  irritable;  over-zealous. 

Excitability — Interjections. 

Pish  I     An  exclamation  of  contempt. 
Pshawl     An  exclamation  of  disgust. 

Excitability — Phrase. 

Maggiore  fretta,  minore  atto  [It.].  *4The  more  haste,  the  less 
speed.** 


IN  EXCITABILITY—  Continued  from  Column  2. 
Inexcitability — Adverbs,  etc. 

JEquo  modo  [L.].     In  just  measure. 

In  cold  blood.     Deliberately. 

"Like  patience  on  a  monument  smiling  at  grief.'*     See  page  372,  2. 

Patience  1  and  shuffle  the  cards. 

Inexcitability — Phrase. 

Mens  aqua  in  arduis  [L.].     An  equal  mind  in  circumstances  of  diffi- 
culty.    [Warren  Hastings,  on  his  portrait  at  Calcutta.] 


INEXCITABILITY— Verbs— Continued. 

Thaw.     To  make  more  lively  or  interesting. 

Tolerate.     To  allow. 

Inexcitability — Adjectives 

Armed  with  patience.     Patient. 

Bearing  with.     Enduring. 

Calm.     Unmoved. 

Chastened.     Subdued;  softened. 

Clement.     Lenient. 

Cold-blooded.     Heartless. 

Collected.     Having  all  powers  awake  and  at  command. 

Cool.     Not  excited. 

Cool  as  a  cucumber.  1  . ,  . u^-j 

_     .  j        f  Not  agitated. 

Cool-as  a  custard.      > 

Cool-headed.     Not  easily  excited. 

Demure.     Grave,  modest,  quiet  looking,  like  pussy, 

Dispassionate.     Unprejudiced. 

Easygoing.     Not  easily  aroused. 

Enduring.     Long-suffering.     See  Verbs 

Gentle.     Mild  in  disposition. 

Gentle  as  a  lamb.     Very  gentle. 

Grave.     Serious  in  manner. 

Grave  as  a  judge.     Very  grave. 

Imperturbable.     Not  easily  agitated. 

Inexcitable.     Not  easily  excited. 

Inirritable.     Not  easily  provoked. 

Lamb-like.     Gentle;  unoffending. 

Long-suffering.     Very  patient. 

Meek.     Not  resisting. 

Mild.     Showing  no  unpleasantness. 

Mild  as  mother's  milk.     Very  mild. 

Patient.     Bearing  uncomplainingly. 

Patient  as  Job.     Very  patient. 

Peaceful.     Not  given  to  agitation. 

Philosophic.     Showing  great  fortitude. 

Placid.     Naturally  calm. 

Platonic.     Ideal;  devoid  of  sensual  feeling. 

Quiet.     Temporarily  at  peace. 

Quiet  as  a  mouse.     Very  quiet.' 

Resigned .     Submissive . 

Sedate.     Not  buoyant. 

Serene.     Calm,  like  the  night  of  stars. 

Sober.     Even-tempered;  free  from  the  win«  cup. 

Sober-minded. 

Soft  as  peppermint.     Very  soft. 


Staid. 


■  Not  fanciful. 


Stayed. i 

Stoical.     Looking  with  indifference  on  pleasure  and  pain     See  above 

Suaviter  in  modo  [L.].     In  a  gentle  manner. 

Subdued.     Having  all  excitement  or  passion  conquered. 

Submissive.     Passive.     See  Yielding. 

Tame.     Lacking  in  spirit. 

Temperate.     Not  passionate. 

Tolerant.     Enduring  cheerfully  the  opinions  of  others. 

Tranquil.     At  peace. 

Undemonstrative.     Not  expressing  emotions  by  actions,  etc. 

Undisturbed.     Not  disturbed. 

Unexcited.     Not  excited. 

Unimpassioned.     Not  working  on  the  emotions. 

Unoffending.     Harmless. 

Unpassionate.     Lacking  in  passion. 

Unperturbed.     Unmoved  by  passion. 

Unresisting.     Humble. 

Unruffled.     Not  disturbed. 

Unstirred.     Unmoved. 

Unsusceptible.     Not  yielding  to  influence  easily. 

{Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


ex"-ci-ta'-tion .         The    act    of   exciting ;     excitement . 
Assertion-Denial,  Excitation,  Vigor-Inertia. 

EXCITATION. 

Agitation.     Uncontrolled  feeling. 

Calling  forth.     A  drawing  out.  or  excitation,  as  of  emotion. 

Casus  belli  [L.].     A  cause  of  war. 

Enravishment.)  —     .  ,  a  u  u* 

.  J-  Ecstasy  of  delight. 


Enhancement.  J 
Excitation  of  feeling 


Act  of  exciting;  excitement. 


Excitement.     State  of  aroused  feeling. 

Fascination.     State  of  being  charmed. 

Galvanism.     Animal  electricity.     [Galvani.J 

High  pressure.     The  condition  in  which  it  is  difficult  to  keep  one'a 

emotions  in  check. 
Impress! veness,  etc.     Quality  of  exciting  emotion.     See  Adjectives. 
Inspiration.     Influence  arousing  to  action. 
Intoxication.     Excessive  mental  excitement.     [Shot  by  a  poisoned 

arrow.] 
Irritation,  etc.     Excitement  of  ill-temper.     See  Favorite-Anger. 
Mental  excitement.     A  stirring  up  of  the  nervous  forces. 


EXCITATION. 


375 


EXCITATION. 


Passion, etc.     Intense  feeling.     [Suffering.]     See  Excitability. 

Perturbation.     Temporary  disturbance. 

Piquancy.     Quality  of  arousing  interest. 

Provocation.     Conduct  exciting  resentment. 

Ravishment.     State  of  being  seized  by  intense  emotion. 

Repression  of  feeling.     A  keeping  of  one's  emotions  under  control. 

Stimulation.     State  of  being  spurred  on. 

Subjugation.     Act  of  subduing;  bringing  under  the  yoke. 

Suscitation.     The  act  of  exciting. 

Thrill.     Quiver  of  excitement  running  through  the  body. 

Trial  of  temper.     Anything  which  tends  to  stir  up  heat  of  mind  or 

passion. 
Unction.     Affected  emotion,  as  of  one  anointed. 

Excitation — Verbs, 

Absorb.     To  engross  completely. 

Affect.     Arouse  emotions. 

Agitate.     To  disturb  the  feelings  of. 

Animate.     To  instil  life  or  vigor. 

Arouse.     To  stir  up. 

Astound.     To  astonish ;  to  strike  with  thunder. 

Awaked  Tostirintoactivity- 

Boil.     To  be  in  a  state  of  violent  agitation. 

Bouleverser  [F.].     To  upset. 

Disturb.     To  destroy  the  quiet  of. 

Electrify.     To  startle ;  to  give  an  electric  shock . 

Enkindle.     To  inflame. 

Enrapture,  etc.     To  delight  very  much.     See  Pleasurableness. 

Evoke.     To  bring  or  cause  to  come  forth. 

Excite.     To  stir  up. 

Exsuscitate.     [Obs.]     To  rouse  up. 

Fan.     Stimulate  a  flame. 

Fascinate.     To  have  an  irresistible  influence  over. 

Fire.     To  work  up  the  feelings. 

Flame.     To  become  excited. 

Fluster.     To  disturb  the  calmness  of. 

Foam.     To  utter  with  rage  and  violence. 

Foment.     To  stir  up  strife. 

Foster.     Encourage. 

Fume.     To  rage. 

Galvanize.     To  inspire  with  fictitious  life. 

Heat.     To  inflame. 

Impassion.     To  affect  with  strong  feeling. 

Impress.     To  make  a  deep  mark  on  the  mind. 

Infect.     To  imbue  through  sympathy. 

Inflame.     To  arouse. 

Infuriate.     To  make  mad  or  raging. 

Inspire.     To  influence  in  a  subtle  manner. 

Inspirit.     To  impart  encouragement. 

Interest.     To  arouse  the  curiosity. 

Intoxicate.     To  inspire  with  frenzy. 

Irritate.     To  stir  up  ill-temper. 

Kindle.     To  start  excitement. 

Madden.     To  infuriate  violently. 

Mantle .     To  excite  or  provoke . 

Move.     To  affect. 

Over^hThi.  1  To  ***  contro1  of  emotioni' 
Penetrate.     Affect. 
Perturb.     To  disturb  temporarily. 
Petrify.     To  turn  to  stone;  to  dumfound. 
Pierce.     To  touch  the  emotions. 
Pique.     To  anger  slightly. 

Provoke.     To  act  so  as  to  arouse  resentment;  to  call  forth  as  a  chal- 
lenge. 
Quicken.     To  enliven. 

Rage.     To  be  moved  with  violent  passion;  to  be  rabid. 
Raise.     To  incite  to  action. 
Rave.     To  act  as  if  mad. 
Rekindle.     To  stir  up  again. 
Revive.     To  give  new  enthusiasm  to. 
Rouse.     To  waken  or  startle. 
Ruffle.     Disturb 
Seethe.     To  be  violently  excited . 
Shake.     To  excite  suddenly. 
Sharpen.     To  make  more  intense. 
Shock.     To  astonish  and  fill  with  disgust. 
Simmer.     To  be  ready  to  burst  out  with  passion. 
Smite.     To  affect  deeply. 
Stagger.      To  overcome  by  surprise. 
Startle.     To  excite  suddenly. 
Stimulate.     To  arouse  to  action. 


Sting.     To  give  acute  pain. 

Stir.     To  move  the  spirits  of. 

Strike.     Surprise. 

Stun.     To  deprive  of  power  from  astonishment. 

Suscitate.     [Obs.]     To  excite. 

Touch.     To  affect  the  feelings. 

Upset.     To  deprive  of  self-possession. 

Wake.    1„     .. 

Waken./  TosUrup. 

Warm.     To  work  up  enthusiasm. 
Whet.     To  stimulate. 

Excitation — Verbal  Expressions. 

Absorb  the  soul,  take  full  possession  of;  affect  the  soul;  apply  the 
torch,  start  excitement;  be  excited;  blow  the  coals,  revive  some- 
thing; blowup;  bring  new  blood;  call  forth;  call  up;  catch  the 
infection,  to  be  influenced  by;  come  home  to  the  feelings;  cut  to 
the  heart,  cut  to  the  quick,  to  hurt  the  feelings;  disturb  the  soul; 
fan  into  a  flame,  encourage;  fan  the  fire,  to  help  keep  up  excite- 
ment; fire  the  blood,  arouse  the  feelings;  flare  up,  to  fly  into  a 
passion;  flash  up;  fool  to  the  top  of  one's  bent,  to  fool  as  much  as 
one's  inclination  will  allow;  get  up,  stir  up;  get  up  the  steam, 
give  a  fillip,  arouse;  give  new  fife  to;  give  one  a  shock;  give  one  a 
turn,  to  frighten ;  go  through  one,  to  cause  a  thrilling  sensation  in 
one;  go  to  one's  heart,  to  feel  deeply ;  hurry  on,  to  hasten;  imbrue 
the  soul;  infuse  life  into;  introduce  new  blood;  keep  the  pot  boil- 
ing, to  keep  agitating;  keep  up;  lash  into  fury;  light  up;  make 
one's  blood  boil,  to  arouse  anger  or  strong  feeling;  penetrate  the 
soul,  affect  the  soul;  pervade  the  soul;  play  on  the  feelings,  to 
move  by  arousing  the  emotions;  possess  the  soul;  prey  on  the 
mind,  to  have  an  injurious  effect  upon;  put  on  one's  mettle,  to 
arouse  one's  utmost  powers;  raise  to  a  fever  heat,  excite  to  the 
highest  degree;  raise  up,  to  rouse  up;  rake  up,  to  revive;  rip  up, 
reopen;  rivet  the  attention,  to  hold  attentive;  run  mad,  to  become 
suddenly  insane,  etc.  (see  Excitability);  set  astir,  to  arouse  into 
activity;  set  on  fire,  to  move  the  passions;  sink  into  the  heart, 
sink  into  the  mind,  to  affect  deeply;  spirit  up,  to  animate;  stir  the 
blood,  to  arouse;  stir  the  embers,  encourage;  stir  the  feelings; 
stir  up,  to  enliven ;  strike  all  of  a  heap,  to  disconcert;  summon  up; 
touch  a  chord,  touch  a  string,  to  work  on  the  feelings;  touch  the 
heart,  touch  the  soul,  to  call  forth  sympathy;  touch  to  the  quick, 
to  pain;  try  one's  temper,  to  vex  grievously;  turn  one's  head,  to 
deprive  of  good  judgment,  wake  up,  to  become  active;  warm  the 
blood,  stir  up;  work  oneself  up,  to  give  in  to  the  emotions;  work 
up;  work  upon,  to  stir  up  the  feelings  of. 

Excitation — Adjective' 

Agonizing.     Causing  agony ;  wrestling. 

Appetizing.     Stimulating  desire. 

Astir.     Active. 

Boiling.     In  a  state  of  intense  emotion. 

Bouleverse"  [F.].     Upset. 

Demoniacal.     Devilish;  crazy. 

Distracted.     Mentally  disordered;  torn  asunder. 

Ebullient.     Boiling. 

itperdu  [F.]      Bewildered. 

Excited,  etc.     Temporarily  nervous.     See  Nouns. 

Exciting,  etc.     Stirring  up  the  spirits.     See  Verbs. 

Fervid.     Burning  with  zeal. 

Feverish .     Restless . 

Flaming.      Bursting  forth  with  passion. 

Flushed.     To  be  overcome  by  excitement. 

Foaming.     Furious. 

Fuming.     Exhibiting  fretful  passion. 

Glowing.     Hot. 

Haggard.     Desperate. 

Hot.     Highly  excited. 

Hysterical.     Liable  to  uncontrollable  outbursts  of  emotion. 

Imposing.     Impressive. 

Lost.     Bewildered. 

Mad.     Raving;  crazy,  as  with  wrath. 

Ove^telnSfg.  1  DePri™«  °f  self-control. 
Piquant.     Hurting  the  feelings. 
Provocative.     Arousing  ill-temper. 
Provoquant  [F.].     Provoking. 
Raging.     In  a  violent  state  of  emotion. 
Raving.     Speaking  in  a  frenzied  manner. 
Seething.     Violently  agitated. 
Sensational.     Stirring  up  excitement. 
Sparkling.     Lively. 
Spicy.     Marked  by  zest. 
Swelling.     Stirred  up  by  anger. 


EXCITATION. 


376 


EXCULPATION— CONVICTION. 


Tantalizing.     Teasing  by  disappointing  continually,  as  Tantalus. 

Telling.     Effective. 

Thrilling.     Sending  quivers  through  the  body. 

Up.     Excited. 

Warm.     Stirred  by  passion  or  excitement. 

Wild.     In  a  state  of  frenzy. 

Excitation — Adjective  Expressions. 

All  in  a  pucker,  all  of  a  twitter,  much  confused;  beside  oneself,  crazy ; 
black  in  the  face,  dejected;  boiling  over,  full  to  overflowing; 
carried  away  by  passion ;  foaming  at  the  mouth,  raging ;  heart 
swelling,  causing  the  heart  to  swell;  high  wrought,  highly  excited; 
in  a  blaze,  bursting  out  with  emotion ;  in  a  ferment,  in  commotion ; 
in  a  fever,  in  a  state  of  great  excitement;  in  a  quiver;  in  a  state  of 
excitement;  in  hysterics,  in  an  uncontrollable  outburst  of  emotion; 
more  than  flesh  and  blood  can  bear;  on  one's  high  ropes,  in  high 
spirits;  on  the  qui  vive,  on  the  alert;  ~  '  of  one's  wits,  crazy; 
ready  to  burst,  violently  agitated;  ready  u  sink,  hopeless;  red  hot, 
very  much  moved  by  passion ;  soul-stirring;  soul-subduing;  soul- 
thrilling;  spirit  stirring;  stung  to  the  quim,  hurt;  with  quivering 
lips;  with  tears  in  one's  eyes;  wrought  up,  stirred. 

Excitation — Adverbs. 

Till  one  is  black  in  the  face.     To  the  limit  of  one's  powers. 

Excitation — Phrases. 

The  blood  being  up,  the  blood  boiling  in  one's  veins,  the  eye  glistening, 
the  eye  "in  a  fine  frenzy  rolling,"  the  head  turned,  the  heart  beating 
high,  the  heart  going  pit-a-pat,  the  heart  leaping  into  one's  mouth, 
excited. 

ex-cite'.  To  rouse.  Excitation,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness, Vigor-Inertia;  excite  an  impression,  Favor- 
ite-Anger, Sensibility-Insensibility;  excite  atten- 
tion, Heed-Disregard;  excite  desire,  Desire-Dis- 
taste; excite  hope,  Prophecy;  excite  fancy,  Fancy; 
excite  laughter,  Entertainment-Weariness. 

ex-ci'-ted.  Agitated  in  feeling;  stimulated.  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability,  Excitation,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

ex-cite'-ment.  The  state  of  being  agitated;  stimula- 
tion. Excitability-Inexcitability,  Excitation, 
Favorite-Anger. 

ex-ci'-ting.     Stimulating.     Excitation. 

ex-claim'.  To  cry  out  abruptly.  Cry-TJlulation; 
exclaim  against,  Approval-Disapproval. 

ex"-cla-ma'-tion.  Interjection.  Vocalization-Mute- 
ness. 

ex-clude'.     To  debar;   to  reject.      Choice-Rejection, 


Inclusion-Omission,  Leave-Prohibition,  Socia- 
bility-Privacy. 

ex-clu'-ded.     Debarred.     Inclusion-Omission. 

ex-clu'-ding.     Debarring.     Inclusion-Omission. 

ex-clu'-sion.  Rejection;  debarment.  Admission- 
Exclusion,  Choice-Rejection,  Inclusion-Omis- 
sion, Sociability-Privacy. 

ex-clu'-sive.  Existing  alone;  disposed  to  limit  social 
arrangements.  Conventionality-Unconvention- 
ality,  Inclusion-Omission,  Leave-Prohibition, 
Mixture  -  Homogeneity,  Universality  -  Particu- 
larity; exclusive  of,  Addition-Subtraction,  In- 
clusion-Omission; exclusive  possession,  Holding- 
Exemption;  exclusive  thought,  Heed-Disregard. 

ex-cog'-i-tate.  To  devise.  Fancy,  Reflection- 
Vacancy. 

ex-cog"-i-ta'-tion.  Invention.  Fancy,  Reflection- 
Vacancy. 

ex"-com-mu'-ni-cate.  To  exclude  from  communion,  01 
from  any  organization.  Ceremonial,  Charitable- 
ness-Curse, Sociability-Privacy. 

ex"-com-mu"-ni-ca'-tion.  Exclusion  from  communion. 
Ceremonial,  Charitableness-Curse,  Sociability- 
Privacy. 

ex-co'-ri-ate.     To  flay.     Dress-Undress. 

ex-co"-ri-a'-tion.  The  act  of  excoriating.  Dress-Un- 
dress. 

ex'-cre-ment.  Ordure.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Nu- 
triment-Excretion. 

ex-cres'-cence.  Any  unnatural  outgrowth.  Convex- 
ity-Concavity, Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

ex-cre'-ta.  All  useless  matter  eliminated  from  the 
bodily  system.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion. 

ex-crete'.  To  throw  off.  Admission-Expulsion,  Nu- 
triment-Excretion. 

ex-cre'-tion.  The  act  of  excreting.  Biology,  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion. 

ex-cru'-ci-ate.     To  torture.     Sensuality-Suffering. 

ex-cru'-ci-a"-ting.  Agonizing.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

ex-cul'-pate.  To  justify;  to  excuse.  Exculpation- 
Conviction,  Innocence -Guilt,  Justification- 
Charge,  Pardon-Revenge. 

ex"-cul-pa'-tion.  Vindication.  Duty-Immunity, 
Exculpation-Conviction,  Justification-Charge, 
Pardon-  Vindictiven  ess. 


EXCULPATION— CONVICTION. 


Absolution.     Releasing  from  a  transgression  or  sin. 

Acquitment.     Acquittal. 

Acquittal.     A  clearance  of  blame  or  guilt. 

Clearance.  The  showing  of  the  innocence  of  a  man  by  fact  or  argu- 
ment. 

Compurgation.  Clearing  an  accused  by  the  testimony  of  twelve  men 
who  swore  to  his  innocence,  he  being  one.     [Early  English  laws.] 

Discharge.  Relief  from  a  debt  or  release  from  confinement.  See 
Release. 

Exculpation.     Rescue  from  guilt  or  blame. 

Impunity.     Freedom  from  punishment. 

Pardon.  Remission  of  punishment  after  having  been  convicted  of 
guilt.     See  Pardon. 

Quietus.     Final  release  from  a  debt  or  obligation;  quit  claim. 

Reprieve.     Temporary  suspension  of  a  sentence  of  condemnation. 

Respite.  A  temporary  relief  from  any  pressure,  or  execution  of  sen- 
tence. 

Exculpation — Verbs. 

Absolve.     To  remit  from  guilt  or  crime. 

Acquit.     To  declare  the  innocence  of  an  accused. 

Assoil.     To  clear  of,  to  absolve. 

Clear.     To  free  from  the  imputation  of  guilt. 

Discharge.     To  set  free  from  anything  that  threatens. 

Exculpate.     To  free  from  the  blame  of. 

Exonerate.     To  free  from  the  burden  of  a  charge. 


Attainder.     Condemnation  of  a  person  by  legislative  decree. 

Attainment.     An  attainder;  a  conviction. 

Attainture.     State  of  being  attainted. 

Condemnation.     The  act  of  declaring  one  guilty. 

Conviction.     Finding  guilty  of  a  sin  by  proof. 

Damnation.     Condemnation. 

Death-warrant.     An  order  by  the  magistrate  for  execution  of  a  crimi-. 

nal. 
Proscription.     Dooming  to  death;  putting  outside  of  the  pale  of  la*. 

Conviction — Verbs. 

Accuse,  etc.     To  formally  declare  of  having  committed  a  crime  etc. 

See  Justification-Charge. 
Attaint.     To  deprive  of  all  civil  rights. 
Bring  home  to.     To  lay  upon  with  proof. 
Cast.     To  defeat  in  a  lawsuit,  to  put  damages  on. 
Condemn.     To  pronounce  judicial  sentence  upon. 
Confiscate.     To  appropriate  to  the  public  treasury. 
Convict.     To  prove  guilty. 

Damn.     To  condemn  to  everlasting  punishment. 
Disapprove.     To  regard  unfavorably.     See  Approval-Disapproval 
Doom.     To  sentence. 

Find  guilty.     To  publicly  declare  one  guilty  after  trial. 
Non-suit.     To  order  the  dismissal  of  a  suit 
Pass  sentence  on.     To  punish. 
Proscribe.     To  make  outlaws  of. 


EXCULPATION. 


377 


EXHAUSTED. 


EXCULPATION— CONVICTION— Continued. 


EXCULPATION— Verbs— Continued. 

Let  off.  Not  to  inflict  all  the  punishment;  not  to  inflict  any  punish- 
ment; to  let  go  free. 

Let  scot-free.     To  let  go  free  of  scot  or  tax. 

Liberate.     To  free  from  restraint.  See  Release. 

Pardon.  To  let  pass  without  punishment  a  crime  or  transgression ; 
to  forgive.     See  Pardon. 

Release.     To  let  loose  from  confinement  or  obligation. 

Reprieve.     To  temporarily  withhold  punishment. 

Respite.     To  grant  a  respite. 

Whitewash.     To  free  from  debts,  as  a  bankrupt. 

Exculpation — Adjectives. 
Acquitted,  etc.     Freed  from  the  charge  of  crime.     See  Verbs. 
Unchastised.     Not  punished. 
Uncondemned.     Not  found  guilty. 
Unpunished.     Not  having  a  penalty  inflicted. 

Exculpation — Phrase. 
Nemo  bts  punitur  pro  eodem  delicto  [L.].     No  one  is  twice  punished 
for  the  same  offense. 


CONVICTION— Verbs— Continued. 

Sentence.     To  pass  penalty  or  sentence. 
Sequestrate.     To  seize  for  the  use  of  the  government. 
Sign  the  death-warrant.     To  condemn  to  death. 
Stand  condemned.     Convicted  after  trial. 

Conviction — Adjectives. 

Condemnatory.     Containing  disapproval  or  censure. 

Condemned.     Pronounced  guilty.    See  Verbs. 

Damnatory.     Dooming  to  damnation. 

Non-suited.     Adjudged  to  have  abandoned  his  suit.     See  Success 

Failure. 
Self-convicted.     Convicted  by  one's  own  self. 

Conviction — Phrases. 

Gibier  de  potence  [F.].     Game  for  the  gibbet. 

Mutato  nomine  de  te  fabula  narratur  [L.].     Changing  the  name,  %he 
story  is  told  about  you. 


ex-cul'-pa-to-ry.    Excusing.    Justification-Charge. 

ex-cur'-sion.  A  pleasure  trip;  digression.  Circuition, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

ex-cur'-sion-ist.  One  who  makes  an  excursion.  Way- 
farer-Seafarer. 

ex-cur'-sive.  Erratic.  Aim-Aberration;  excursive 
style,  Terseness-Prolixity. 

ex-cu'-sa-ble.  Justifiable.  Duty-Immunity,  Justifi- 
cation-Charge. 

ex-cuse'.  To  exculpate;  to  forgive;  a  justification. 
Duty-Immunity,  Justification-Charge,  Pardon- 
Revenge,  Pretext. 

ex'-e-cra-ble.  Accursed.  Goodness-Badness,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness. 

ex'-e-crate.  To  curse.  Approval-Disapproval,  Char- 
itableness-Curse, Love-Hate. 

ex"-e-cra'-tion.  The  act  of  execrating.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Charitableness-Curse. 

ex'-e-cute.  To  carry  out  a  work,  or  a  sentence,  as  of 
death.  Action-Passiveness,  Completion -Non- 
completion,  Conduct,  Musician,  Observance- 
Nonobservance,  Recompense -Punition,  Se- 
curity. 

ex"-e-cu'-tion.  Performance;  carrying  out  sentence 
of  death.  Action-Passiveness,  Completion-Non- 
completion,  Conduct,  Life-Killing,  Musician, 
Recompense-Punition,  Security;  carry  into  execu- 
tion, Action-Passiveness,  Completion-Noncom- 
pletion,  Observance  -  Nonobservance;  put  in 
execution,  Enterprise. 

ex"-e-cu'-tion-er.  One  who  carries  into  effect  a  death 
sentence.  Life-Killing,  Maker-Destroyer,  Rec- 
ompense-Scourge. 

ex-ec'-u-tive.  Administrative;  an  official  charged  with 
administering  government.  Conduct,  Judicature, 
Rule-License. 

ex-ec'-u-tor.  A  person  appointed  in  and  by  a  will  to 
carry  the  will  into  effect.  Agent;  to  one  and  his 
executor,  Property. 

ex-ec'-u-trix.    A  woman  executor.    Agent. 

ex"-e-ge'-sis.  Explanation  of  a  literary  work.  Inter- 
pretation-Misinterpretation. 

ex"-e-get'-ic-al.  Interpretative.  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation. 

cx-em'-plar.    A  model  to  be  copied.    Copy-Model. 

ex'-em-pla-ry.  Worthy  of  imitation.  Convention- 
ale y-Unconventionality,  Virtue-Vice. 

exempla  sunt  odiosa  [L.]  (ex-em'-pla  sunt  o-di-o'-sa). 
Examples  are  offensive.     Copy-Model. 

exempli,  moli  [L.]  (ex-em'-plai,  mo'-lai).  Of  bad  ex- 
ample.    Good  Man-Bad  Man. 


ex-em"-pli-fi-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  exemplifying.  Con- 
ventionality -  Unconventionality,  Interpreta- 
tion-Misinterpretation. 

ex-em'-pli-fy.  To  illustrate.  Conventionality-Un- 
conventionality,  Interpretation-Misinterpre- 
tation. 

exemplum,  transeat  in  [L.]  (ex-em'-plum ,  trans'-i-at 
in).    Let  it  pass  into  precedent.     Litigation. 

ex-empt'.  To  grant  immunity  to;  released  from  some 
liability.  Duty-Immunity,  Liberty-Subjection; 
exempt  from,  Holding-Exemption,  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity, Presence-Absence. 

ex-emp'-tion.  Immunity  from  some  liability,  require- 
ment, or  evil.  Conventionality-Unconvention- 
ality,  Duty- Immunity,  Holding -Exemption, 
Leave-Prohibition,  Liberty-Subjection,  Modifi- 
cation, Presence-Absence. 

ex"-e-qua'-tur.  An  official  warrant  or  permission 
given  by  the  executive  of  the  government.  Commis- 
sion-Abrogation. 

ex'-e-quies.    Funeral  ceremonies.    Life-Funeral. 

ex'-er-cise.  To  employ  actively;  to  take  exercise;  a 
practising;  activity  for  the  sake  of  health  of  mind  or 
body;  occupation.  Action-Passiveness,  Agency, 
Education-Misteaching,  Occupation,  Toil-Re- 
laxation, Use-Disuse;  exercise  authority,  Rule- 
License;  exercise  discretion,  Volition-Obligation, 
Weariness-Refreshment;  exercise  oppression,  Tyr- 
anny-Anarchy; exercise  power,  Might-Impotence; 
exercise  the  intellect,  Reflection- Vacancy. 

ex"-er-ci-ta'-tion.  An  exercise;  practise.  Action- 
Passiveness,  Toil-Relaxation,  Use-Disuse. 

ex-ert'.  To  put  forth  strength  or  ability.  Enter- 
prise; exert  authority,  Rule-License;  exert  oneself, 
Toil-Relaxation,  Vigor-Inertia. 

ex-er'-tion.  Strong  effort;  labor.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Toil-Relaxation,  Vigor-Inertia. 

ex-fo'-li-ate.  To  scale  off;  to  peel  off.  Dress-Un- 
dress. 

ex-fo"-li-a'-tion.     A  scaling  off.     Dress-Undress. 

ex"-ha-la'-tion.  A  breathing  out;  effluvium;  emana- 
tion. Liquefaction- Vaporization,  Nutriment- 
Excretion,  Odor-Inodorousness. 

ex-hale'.  To  breathe  forth.  Admission-Expulsion, 
Anatomy. 

ex-haust'.  To  draw  out  or  drain  off  entirely;  to  wear 
out;  to  weary.  Completion-Noncompletion,  Ex- 
travagance-Avarice, Might-Impotence,  Provis- 
ion-Waste, Weariness-Refreshment. 

ex-haust'-ed.  Used  up;  spent.  Entity-Nonentity, 
Might-Impotence,  Weariness-Refreshment. 


EXHAUSTION. 


378 


EXPECTATION— SURPRISE. 


ex-haus'-tion.  Act  of  exhausting;  state  of  being  ex- 
hausted. Might-Impotence,  Provision-Waste, 
Weariness-Refreshment. 

ex-haust'-ive.  Thorough  and  complete  in  execution. 
Completion  -  Noncompletion,  Entirety  -  Defi- 
ciency; exhaustive  inquiry,  Investigation-Answer. 

sx-haust'-less.    Inexhaustible.    Enough,  Infinity. 

ex-hib'-it.  To  display;  anything  exhibited.  Mani- 
festation-Latency, Pomp. 

ex"-hi-bi'-tion.  The  act  of  exhibiting.  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency. 

ex-hil'-a-rate.  To  stimulate;  to  cheer.  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection. 

ex-hil'-a-ra"-ting.  Enlivening.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection. 

ex-hort'.  To  importune;  to  advise.  Advice,  Motive- 
Caprice. 

ex"-hor-ta'-tion.  The  act  of  exhorting;  earnest  advice. 
Advice,  Motive-Caprice. 

ex-hume'.    To  disinter.    Future-Past,  Life-Funeral. 

ex"-hu-ma'-tion.  The  act  of  exhuming.  Life- 
Funeral. 

ex"-i-geant\    Exacting.    Harshness-Mildness. 

ex'-i-gen-cy.  Pressing  need;  distress;  emergency.  Con- 
dition-Situation, Desire-Distaste,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Excess-Lack,  Need. 

ex'-i-gent.  Urgent;  exacting.  Contentedness-Dis- 
contentment,  Harshness-Mildness,  Need. 

ex"-i-gu'-i-ty.  Slenderness;  diminutiveness.  Breadth- 
Narrowness,  Greatness-Littleness. 

ex-ig'-u-ous.  Slender;  minute.  Greatness-Little- 
ness. 

ex'-ile.  To  banish;  banishment;  a  subject  of  banish- 
ment. Establishment-Removal,  Exculpation- 
Punition,  Inclusion-Omission,  Sociability-Pri- 
vacy; voluntary  exile,  Sociability-Privacy. 

ex-il'-i-ty.     Smallness.     Breadth-Narrowness. 

ex-ist'.     To  be  .     Entity-Nonentity. 

ex-ist'-ence.  Being,  or  the  state  of  being;  actuality. 
Entity-Nonentity,  Life-Death,  Presence-Ab- 
sence, Substance-Nullity;  come  into  existence, 
Occurrence-Destiny. 

ex-ist'-ent.    Having  being.    Entity-Nonentity. 

ex-ist'-ing.     Being.     Entity-Nonentity,  Time. 

ex'-it.  Place  of  egress;  any  departure;  death.  Appear- 
ance-Disappearance, Arrival-Departure,  En- 
trance-Exit; give  exit  to,  Admission-Expulsion; 
make  one's  exit,  Admission-Expulsion. 

exitus  acta  probal  [L.]  (ex'-i-tus  ac'-ta  pro'-bat).  The 
event  approves  the  acts.     Proof-Disproof. 

exochen,  kat'  [Gr.]  (ex-o-ken',  kat).  Par  excellence; 
preeminently.  Consequence -Insignificance,  Su- 
premacy-Subordinacy. 

ex'-ode.     A  tragical  conclusion.     Acting. 

ex'-o-dus.  A  departure.  Arrival-Departure,  En- 
trance-Exit. 

ex-og'-e-nous.  Growing  by  external  additions.  Fauna- 
Flora. 

ex-on'-er-ate.  To  acquit;  to  relieve  from  a  responsi- 
bility. Difficulty-Facility,  Duty-Immunity,  Ex- 
culpation -  Conviction,  Justification  -  Charge, 
Leave-Prohibition,  Pardon-Revenge. 

ex-on'-er-a-ted.     Absolved.     Difficulty-Facility. 

ex-on"-er-a'-tion.  The  act  of  exonerating.  Duty- 
Immunity,  Justification-Charge. 


ex'-or-a-ble.  Capable  of  relenting.  Compassion-Ruth. 
lessness. 

ex-or'-bi-tance.  Excessiveness;  extravagance.  Cost- 
liness-Cheapness, Excess-Lack. 

ex-or'-bi-tant.  Excessive.  Costliness-Cheapness, 
Excess-Lack,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

ex-or'-bi-tant-ly.  Excessively.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness. 

ex'-or-cise.     To  expel  by  magic.     Devotion-Magic. 

ex'-or-cism.  The  act  or  ceremony  of  expelling  evil 
spirits.     Devotion-Charm,  Devotion-Magic. 

ex'-or-cist.  One  who  drives  out  evil  spirits.  Devo- 
tion-Magician. 

ex-or'-di-um.  Introduction.  Predecessor-Continu- 
ation. 

ex'-os"-mose.  Osmose  from  an  inner  to  an  outer  ves- 
sel.    Transmission. 

ex"-os-to'-sis.  A  morbid  bony  outgrowth  on  the  sur- 
face of  a  bone  or  cartilage.     Convexity-Concavity. 

ex"-o-ter'-ic.  Belonging  to  the  outside  or  to  the  un- 
initiated.    Manifestation-Latency,  Publicity. 

ex-ot'-ic.  Foreign;  strange;  a  foreign  flower.  Con- 
nection-Independence, Conventionality-Uncon- 
ventionality,  Fauna-Flora. 

ex-pand'.  To  distend;  to  dilate;  to  display.  Breadth- 
Narrowness,  Enlargement-Diminution,  Solid- 
ity-Rarity. 

ex-pand'-ed.     Enlarged.     Enlargement-Diminution, 

SUPREMACY-SUBORDINACY. 

ex-panse'.  A  continuous  area  or  stretch;  expansion. 
Extension-Inextension,  Greatness-Littleness. 

ex-pan"-si-bil'-i-ty.  Capacity  of  being  expanded. 
Enlargement-Diminution. 

ex-pan'-sion.  Enlargement;  immensity.  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution, Extension-Inextension,  Solid- 
ity-Rarity. 

ex-pan'-sive.  Capable  of  enlarging.  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Extension-Inextension. 

ex-pa'- ti-ate.  To  diffuse;  to  enlarge  in  statement;  to 
roam  at  large.  Speech-Inarticulateness,  Talk- 
ativeness -  Taciturnity,  Terseness  -  Prolixity, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

ex-pa'- tri-ate.  To  exile;  to  change  citizenship  from 
one  country  to  another.  Entrance-Exit,  Socia- 
bility-Privacy. 

ex-pa"-tri-a'-tion.       Act  of  banishing.        Entrance- 

*    Exit. 

ex-pect'.  To  look  forward  to  as  certain  or  probable; 
to  require.  Astonishment-Expectance,  Expecta- 
tion-Surprise, Likelihood-Unlikelihood,  Pre- 
vision, Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  reason  to 
expect,  Likelihood-Unlikelihood. 

ex-pect'-ance.  Expectation.  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance, Expectation-Surprise. 

ex-pect'-an-cy.  Abeyance.  Expectation-Surprise, 
Property. 

ex-pect'-ant.  Waiting  in  expectation.  Expectation- 
Surprise. 

expectance  me'decine  [F.]  (ex-pec-tcuvt'  mfid-sin').  Ex- 
pectant medicine.  Earliness-Lateness,  Remedy- 
Bane. 

ex"-pec-ta'-tion.  Advantage  hoped  for.  Expecta- 
tion-Surprise; beyond  expectation,  Expectation- 
Surprise;  hold  out  an  expectation,  Engagement- 
Release. 


EXPECTATION— SURPRISE. 


Abeyance.     State  of  inoperation. 

Anticipation.     A  looking  forward  to  a  possible  event  as  most  prob- 
able, and  acting  accordingly. 

Anxious  expectation.!  T  .  ,    . 

t  Intense  desire. 
1.   > 


Ardent  expectation. 

Auspices,  etc.     Indications  of  success  or  failure. 


See  Prophecy. 


Blow.     A  sudden  calamity. 

False  expectation.     See  Expectation-Disappointment. 

Inexpectation.     Absence  of  expectation. 

Miscalculation.     Something  that  does  not  occur  as  expected. 

Non-expectation.     Inexpectation. 

Shock.     Any  great  sudden  surprise,  as  of  joy  or  sorrow. 


EXPECTATION. 


379 


EXPECTATION—  SURPRISE. 


EXPECTATION— SURPRISE— Continued. 


Breathless  expectation.  A  desire  so  intense  or  eager,  as  if  holding  the 
breath. 

Calculation.  Prediction  made  after  carefully  working  out  the 
chances  for  and  against. 

Contemplation.  The  act  of  thinking  indefinitely  of  something  to  be 
done. 

Curiosity,  etc.  A  keen  eagerness  to  understand  the  mysterious. 
See  Inquisitiveness. 

Destiny,  etc.     Predetermined  lot.     See  Occurrence-Destiny. 

Eager  expectation.  An  expectation  or  desire  which  one  is  impatiently 
anxious  to  obtain. 

Expectance,     j  The       te    f  waiting  for  the  future. 

Expectancy.     ) 

Expectation.     The  act  of  looking  to  a  future  event  as  certain. 

Foresight,  etc.  The  calculation  of  future  experiences.  See  Pre- 
vision. 

Hope,  etc.     A  welcome  expectation.     See  Sanguineness. 

Prospect.     Hopeful  indications. 

Prospection.     Care  for  future  welfare. 

Reckoning.     Calculation . 

Sanguine  expectation.  An  expectation  which  one  is  confident  of 
realizing.  % 

Suspense.     Anxiety  for  the  outcome  of  some  event. 

Torment  of  Tantalus.  A  hope  or  expectation  impossible  to  be  real- 
ized. 

Trust,  etc.     Absence  of  anxiety.     See  Faith. 

Waiting.     State  of  delay  for  a  certain  time. 

Expectation — Associated  Nouns. 

Horizon.     The  line  of  apparent  junction  of  the  earth  and  sky;  hence, 

figuratively,  the  bounds  of  one's  expectation. 
Perspective     A  picture  giving  the  illusion  of  a  scene  of  nature;  hence, 

a  picture  of  one's  hopes. 
Vista.     A  mental  view  of  future  events. 

Expectation — Verbs. 

Abide.     To  wait  for  a  time. 

Anticipate.     To  look  at  a  possible  event  as  sure  to  happen. 
Contemplate.     To  have  an  indefinite  idea  of  something  to  be  done. 
Expect.     To  look  for. 

Foresee.     To  anticipate  future  experiences. 

Forestall,  etc.      To  anticipate  and   prevent   the   effects  of   some- 
thing.    See  Earliness. 
Prepare  for.     To  get  ready  for  future  purposes. 
Watch.     To  expect  something. 

Expectation — Verbal  Expressions. 

Bargain  for;  bide  one's  time;  count  upon,  etc.,  to  expect  certain  con- 
ditions (see  Faith)  ;  have  in  contemplation;  have  in  prospect;  have 
in  store  for,  etc.  (see  Occurrence-Destiny);  hold  one's  breath, 
to  be  in  a  state  of  suspense  or  expectation;  hope  for;  keep  a  good 
lookout  for;  keep  a  sharp  lookout  for;  keep  in  view;  lead  one  to 
expect  (see  Prophecy);  lie  in  wait  for,  to  be  prepared  to  harm 
some  one  at  a  convenient  time;  look  for;  look  forward  to;  look  out 
for;  not  wonder  at  (see  Astonishment);  not  wonder  if;  nous 
verrons  [F.],  we  shall  see;  prick  up  one*s  ears,  to  be  in  a  state  of 
slight  surprise  or  expectancy;  promise  oneself;  stand  at  "atten- 
tion"; tarry  for;  think  likely  (see  Likelihood),  wait  for;  watch 
for;  we  shall  see. 

Expectation — Adjectives. 

Abeyant.     Being  in  suspense. 

Agape.     Having  the  mouth  open,  showing  a  state  of  expectancy. 

Curious.     Eager  to  examine  everything.     See  Inquisitiveness. 

Eipectfng!  I  Waitin8  £or  something. 

Gaping.     Holding  the  mouth  open,  expressive  of  expectancy 

Impending     Likely  to  happen.     See  Occurrence-Destiny. 

Prospective.     Looking  towards  the  future. 

Ready.     At  hand. 

Expectation — Adjective  Expressions. 

All  agog,  i-  estate  of  expectancy  and  curiosity,  aux  aguets  [F.],  on 
the  lookout;  in  expectation  (see  Nouns);  in  the  horizon;  in  one's 
eye,  in  imagination ;  in  prospect  (see  Nouns)  J  in  view ;  long  expected ; 
on  tenter-hooks;  on  the  watch  (see  Carefulness);  on  the  tiptoe 
of  expectation;  on  tiptoe;  open-eyed;  open-mouthed. 


Sudden  burst.  A  sudden  breaking  or  »hattering,  as  of  one's,  hop*4 
or  expectations. 

Surprise.  The  feeling  felt  when  anything  is  different  than  was  ex- 
pected. 

Thunder-clap.  A  sharp  violent  detonation  of  thunder;  hencf 
figuratively,  a  shock. 

Wonder,  etc.     Surprise  arising  from  ignorance.     See  Astonishment 

Surprise — Verbs. 

Astonish.     To  strike  with  great  surprise,  awe,  etc 

Electrify.     To  thrill  with  excitement. 

Miscalculate.     No  mistake. 

Pop.     To  come  or  go  suddenly. 

Stagger.     To  nearly  deprive  one  of  senses. 

Start.     To  move  or  jerk  suddenly  from  fear. 

Startle.     To  cause  one  to  start. 

Stun.     Suddenly  to  deprive  one  completely  of  his  powers. 

Surprise.     To  come  upon,  or  do  something  to,  unawares. 

Surprise — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  taken  by  surprise;  be  unexpected,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  bounc* 
upon  one;  burst  like  a  thunder-bolt;  burst  like  a  thunder-clap  ,* 
catch  by  surprise ;  catch  unawares;  come  like  a  thunder-bolt;  come 
like  a  thunder-clap;  come  unawares  (see  Adverbs);  come  upon; 
come  upon  one;  creep  upon  one;  drop  from  the  clouds,  fall  upon, 
come  upon  suddenly;  flash  upon  one;  not  bargain  for,  not  to 
expect;  not  expect  (see  Expectation);  pounce  upon;  spring  a 
mine  upon,  to  astonish ;  steal  upon  one,  to  come  upon  one  quietly; 
take  aback,  to  surprise  greatly;  take  away  one's  breath,  to  be  so 
surprised  as  to  hold  the  breath;  take  by  surprise;  take  unawares; 
throw  off  one's  guard,  to  mislead  so  as  to  be  easily  surprised ;  turn  up, 
to  appear  unexpectedly. 

Surprise — Adjectives. 

Inattentive.     Not  on  the  lookout. 

Startling.     Causing  one  to  start. 

Sudden.     Coming  at  an  unexpected  time.     See  Instantaneity. 

Surprised.     Affected  with  surprise.     See  Verbs. 

Unanticipated.     Not  anticipated. 

Unaware.     Not  aware. 

Unexpected.     Not  expected. 

Unforeseen.     Not  seen  beforehand. 

Unwarned.     Not  warned. 

Surprise — Adjective  Phrases. 

Against  expectation;  beyond  expectation;  contrary  to  expectation; 
dropped  from  the  clouds,  unexpected;  non-expectant;  off  one's 
guard,  to  be  not  watching;  out  of  one's  reckoning,  in  an  unexpected 
position;  unheard  of  (see  Conventionality-Unconvention 
ality);  unhopedfor;  unlooked  for. 

Surprise — Adverbs. 

Abruptly.     Beginning  or  ending  suddenly. 

Plump.     With  sudden  and  forcible  action. 

Pop.     With  a  sudden  appearance  or  disappearance. 

Suddenly.     In  a  sudden  manner. 

Unawares.     Unexpectedly. 

Unexpectedly.  .  Without  being  thought  of. 

Surprise — Adverbs,  etc. 
A  I 'improviste  [F .],  suddenly;  in  an  unguarded  moment,  while  one  is 
not  watching;  like  a  thief  in  the  night,  like  a  thunder-bolt,  unex- 
pectedly; without  notice;  without  saying  *'by  your  leave*';  without 
warning. 

Surprise — Interjection. 
Heydey!     An    exclamation     of    cheerfulness,     surprise,    etc.     See 
Astonishment. 

Surprise — Phrases. 
Little  did  one  expect,  little  did  one  think,  it  wasaot  foreseen;  nobody 
would  ever  expect,  nobody  would  ever  suppose,  nobody  would  ever 
think,  it  is  not  easily  foreseen  or  thought  of;    who  would  have 
thought  ? 


EXPECTATION— Continued. 
Expectation — Adverbs,  «tc. 
Arrectis   auribus    [L.],    with  ears  erect;    on  the  watch  (see  Adjec- 
tives) ;  with  bated  breath,  with  the  breathing  checked,  expressive  of 
fear;  with  breathless  expectation  (see  Nouns) . 


EXPECTATION. 


380 


EXPLANATION. 


EXPECTATION— DISAPPOINTMENT. 


Disappointment. 
Afterclap.     An  unpleasant  happening  after  an  affair  was  supposed  to 

have  ended,  as  a  thunder-storm. 
Balk.     A  check  in  the  progress  of  some  plan. 
Bitter    disappointment.     A    disappointment    that    causes    pain    or 

suffering. 
Blighted  hope.     A  withering  of  prospects,  or  a  prevention  of  progress 

or  prosperity. 
Blow.     A  sudden  misfortune. 

Disappointment.      Miscarriage  of  one's  expectations. 
False  expectation.      Hope  or  expectation  that  cannot  be  realized. 
Fool's  paradise.     Any  state  of  happiness  founded  on  vain  hopes. 
Miscalculation.     A    false    reckoning    of    one's    expectations.     See 

DECISION-MlS  JUDGMENT. 

Much  cry  and  little  wool.  Great  promises  with  little  results;  shear- 
ing hogs.A.D.  1579       [Hudibras,  I,  i,  851.] 

Non-fulfilment  of  one's  hopes.     Disappointment. 

Sad  disappointment.     A  disappointment  that  causes  sorrow. 

Slip  'twixt  cup  and  lip.  A  check  to  one's  expectations.  [Erasmus, 
Proverbs,  A.  D.  1552      Sheridan.  1777.] 

Trick  of  fortune.     An  unexpected  turn  of  either  good  or  bad  fortune. 

Vain  expectation.     An  expectation  that  cannot  be  realized. 

Disappointment — Verbs 
Balk.     To  check  one  in  his  plans. 
Bilk.     To  disappoint  in  an  engagement. 
Disappoint.     Not  to  happen  as  expected. 
Dumfounder.     To  confuse. 
Jilt.     To  disappoint  intentionally  in  love. 
Tantalize.     To  tease. 


Disappointment — Verbal  Expressions. 

Balk  one's  expectation;  balk  one's  hopes;  be  disappointed,  blight 
one's  expectation;  blight  one's  hopes;  crush  one's  expectations; 
crush  one's  hopes;  dash  one's  expectations;  dash  one's  hope:  dash 
the  cup  from  the  lips,  to  refrain  at  the  point  of  doing;  defeat  one's 
expectations;  defeat  one's  hope;  disappoint  one's  expectations; 
disappoint  one's  hope;  falsify  one's  expectations;  falsify  one's 
hope;  find  one  a  false  prophet,  to  find  one  who  does  not  predict 
rightly;  find  to  one's  cost,  to  leam  by  unpleasant  experience; 
laugh  on  the  wrong  side  of  one's  mouth,  to  grieve  or  weep  just 
after  a  period  of  hilarity;  look  aghast  (see  Astonishment);  look 
blank,  look  blue,  to  look  disappointed;  not  realize  one's  expecta- 
tions; not  realize  one's  hope;  play  one  a  trick;  play  one  false,  to 
disappoint  or  deceive;  stand  aghast,  etc.  (see  sub  Astonishment). 

Disappointment — Adjectives. 
Aghast.     Terrified. 
Disappointed.     See  Verbs. 
Disconcerted.     Confused. 
Out  of  one's  reckoning.     Not  to  find  conditions  just  as  expected. 

Disappointment — Phrases. 

Diis  aliter  visum  [L.].     The  gods  have  judged  otherwise. 

Nascitur  ridiculus    mus.  parturiunt  monies  [L.].      The    mountains 

are  in  travail,  a  ridiculous  mouse  is  born. 
One's  countenance  falling.     Showing  disappointment. 
The  bubble  burst.     The  scheme  came  to  an  abrupt  end. 
The  mountain  brought  forth  a  mouse.     The  results  were  small  in 

proportion  to  the  promises. 


ex-pect'-ed.  Looked  for.  Astonishment-Expect- 
ance, Expectation-Surprise;  as  well  as  can  be 
expected,  Health-Sickness. 

ex-pect'-ing.  Waiting.  Astonishment-Expectance, 
Expectation-Surprise. 

ex-pec'-to-rate.     To  spit  out.     Admission-Expulsion. 

ex-pe'-di-ence.  Advisability.  Propriety-Impro- 
priety. 

ex-pe'-di-en-cy.  Quality  of  being  proper.  Propriety- 
Impropriety. 

ex-pe'-di-ent.  Advisable;  suitable.  Design,  In- 
strumentality, Means,  Propriety-Impropriety, 
Sagacity-Incapacity,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

ex-pe'-di-ents.     Means.     Means. 

ex'-pe-dite.  To  hasten;  to  facilitate.  Earliness- 
Lateness,  Hurry-Leisure,  Obstruction-Help, 
Swiftness-Slowness. 

ex"-pe-di'-tion.  A  journey,  etc.,  for  a  definite  purpose; 
the  equipment  of  such  a  journey ;  despatch.  Activ- 
ity-Indolence, Earliness-Lateness,  Fighting- 
Conciliation,  Hurry-Leisure,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion. 

ex-pe-di'-tious.  Speedy.  Activity-Indolence,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness. 

ex-pel'.  To  force  out;  to  eject.  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Push-Pull,  Recompense-Punition,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit. 

ex-pend'.  To  use  up;  to  disburse.  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Outlay-Income,  Provision-Waste,  Settle- 
ment-Default, Use-Disuse;  expend  itself,  Activ- 
ity-Indolence. 

ex-pend'-ed.     Spent.     Outlay-Income. 

ex-pend'-ing.     Invested.     Outlay-Income. 

ex-pend'-i-ture.  The  act  of  expending  anything,  as 
money  or  time;  disbursement.  Outlay-Income, 
Pro  vision- Waste. 

ex-pense'.  Disbursement;  loss;  charge.  Price-Dis- 
count; joke  at  one's  expense,  Wittiness-Dulness; 
spare  no  expense,  Generosity-Frugality. 

tr-pense'-less.  Without  cost.  Costliness-Cheap- 
ness. 

ex-pen'-ses.     Money  expended.     Outlay-Income. 

ex-pen'-sive.     Costly.     Costliness-Cheapness. 


ex-pe'-ri-ence.  To  undergo  personally;  experimental 
knowledge.  Emotion,  Knowledge-Experience, 
Occurrence-  Destiny,  Sensuality -Suffering; 
learn  by  experience,  Repentance-Obduracy. 

ex-pe'-ri-enced.  Taught    by    experience;      skilled. 

Skill-Unskilfulness;      experienced    eye,    Adept- 
Bungler. 

ex-pe'-ri-en-ces.  Instances  of  experimental  knowledge. 
Account. 

experienlia  docet  stultos  [L.]  (ex-pi-ri-en'-shi-a  do'-set 
stul'-tosV  Experience  teaches  fools.  Education- 
Learning. 

ex-per'-i-ment .  To  make  a  test  or  trial;  a  trial. 
Trial,  Venture. 

ex-per"-i-men'-tal.  Based  on  experiment.  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Trial;  experimental  philosophy, 
Materiality-Spirituality. 

ex-per"-i-men'-tal-ly.     By  trial.     Venture. 

ex-per"-i-men'-ter.     One  who  experiments.     Trial. 

experimentum  crucis  [L.]  (ex-per-i-men'-tum  cru'-sis). 
A  crucial  test.     Proof-Disproof,  Trial,  Venture. 

ex'-pert.  Adroit;  a  specialist.  Adept-Bungler, 
Sage-Fool,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

ex-pert'-ness.     Skilfulness.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

experto  credite  [L.]  (ex-per'-to  cred'-i-ti).  Believe 
one  who  speaks  from  experience.  Faith-Misgiv- 
ing. 

expertus,  metuit  [L.]  (ex-per'-tus,  met'-yu-it) .  Having 
experience,  he  fears.     Sanguineness-Timidity. 

ex'-pi-ate.     To  atone  for.     Atonement. 

ex"-pi-a'-tion.     Atonement.     Atonement. 

ex'-pi-a-to"-ry .  Having  the  character  of  an  atonement. 
Atonement. 

ex-pire'.  To  exhale;  to  die.  Beginning-End,  Life- 
Death,  Period-Progress. 

ex-pired'.     Extinct.     Future-Past. 

ex'-pi-ry.     A  coming  to  an  end.     Beginning-End. 

ex-plain'.     To  make  clear;  interpret.     Investigation 
Answer,         Interpretation  -  Misinterpretation; 
explain  away,  Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 

ex-plain'-er.     One  who  interprets.     Interpreter. 

ex"-pla-na'-tion.  Sense.  Education-Misteaching, 
Interpretation-Misinterpretation,  Rationale- 
Luck. 


EXPLETIVE. 


381 


EXPOSURE— HIDINGPLACE. 


ex'-ple-tive.  An  exclamatory  oath ;  something  serving 
to  fill  out.     Excess-Lack,  Terseness-Prolixity. 

ex"-pli-ca'-tion.  Explanation.  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation. 

ex'-pli-ca-tive.  Explanatory.  Interpretation-Mis- 
interpretation. 

ex'-pli-ca-to-ry.  Explanatory.  Interpretation-Mis- 
interpretation. 

ex-plic'-it.  Definite;  unreserved.  Assertion-De- 
nial, Clearness-Obscurity,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Manifestation-Latency,  Perspicuity- 
Obscurity. 

ex-plic'-it-ness.     Clearness.     Meaning-Jargon. 

ex-plode'.  To  cause  to  burst  in  pieces  by  force  from 
within;  to  refute;  to  destroy.  Chemistry,  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability,  Proof-Disproof,  Success- 
Failure,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

ex-plo'-ded.  Refuted;  destroyed;  antiquated.  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Crash-Drumming,  Favorite- 
Anger,  Future-Past,  Novelty-Antiquity,  Revo- 
lution, Truth-Error,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

ex-ploit'.  To  employ  in  selfish  schemes;  a  deed, 
especially  one  of  daring.  Action  -Passiveness, 
Bravery-Cowardice. 

ex"-ploi-ta'-tion.  The  act  or  process  of  exploiting. 
Investigation-Answer. 

ex-plore'.  To  search  through  the  parts  of.  Investi- 
gation-Answer, Trial. 

ex-plor'-er.  One  who  explores.  Wayfarer-Sea- 
farer. 

ex-plo'-sion.  The  act  of  exploding;  a  sudden  and 
violent  outbreak.  Approval-Disapproval,  Crash- 
Drumming,  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Favor- 
ite-Anger, Future-Past,  Impetus-Reaction,  Nov- 
elty-Antiquity, Proof-Disproof,  Revolution, 
Success-Failure,  Truth-Error,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

ex-plo'-sive.  Any  substance  that  may  cause  an  ex- 
plosion. Security-Insecurity,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

ex-po'-nent.  An  authoritative  exemplifier;  an  index; 
one  who  explains.  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  In- 
terpreter, Number,  Sign. 


ex-po-nen'-tial.  Having  an  explanatory  character. 
Number,  Sign. 

ex'-port,  n.;  ex-port',  v.  To  send  out  of  a  country; 
something  exported.  Entrance-Exit,  Injection- 
Ejection. 

ex-pose'.  To  show  plainly;  to  leave  open  to  any  influ- 
ence; to  abandon.  Approval-Disapproval,  Dress- 
Undress,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace,  Proof-Disproof;  expose  oneself, 
Reputation-Discredit;  expose  to  danger,  Secur- 
ity-Insecurity; expose  to  view,  Manifestation- 
Latency,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

expose  [F.]  (ex-po-ze').  An  undesirable  or  embarrassing 
disclosure  or  exposure.  Account,  Exposure-Hiding- 
place. 

ex-posed'.  Laid  bare.  Dress-Undress,  Security- 
Insecurity. 

ex-posed'  to.  Put  under  certain  influences.  Con- 
tingency. 

ex-po-si'-tion.  Act  of  exposing;  explanation  or  inter- 
pretation; commentary;  a  public  exhibition.  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Dress-Undress,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace,  Interpretation  -  Misinterpreta- 
tion, Proof-Disproof. 

ex-pos'-i-tor.  One  who  expounds.  Instructor- 
Pupil,  Interpreter. 

ex-pos'-i-to-ry.  Conveying,  containing,  or  pertaining 
to  exposition.  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Essay, 
Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 

ex-pos'-tu-late.  To  represent  earnestly  the  impropriety 
of  a  course  of  conduct.  Advice,  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Motive-Dehortation,  Petition-Expostu- 
lation. 

ex-pos"-tu-la'-tion.  Earnest  reasoning.  Advice,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Motive-Dehortation,  Peti- 
tion-Expostulation. 

ex-pos'-tu-la-to-ry.  Reasoning.  Motive-Dehorta- 
tion, Petition-Expostulation. 

ex-po'-sure.  The  state  of  being  laid  open ;  aspect  'K  open 
situation  or  position.  Appearance-Disappearance, 
Approval-Disapproval,  Dress-Undress,  Expo- 
sure-Hidingplace,  Proof-Disproof;  exposure  to 
weather,  Water-Air. 


EXPOSURE— HIDINGPLACE. 


Acknowledgment.     Confession :  owning  up. 

Avowal.     Open  declaration;  outright  acknowledgment. 

Confession.     Admission  of  personal  doings,  obligations,  etc. 

Denouement  [F.].     The  discovery  of  a  plot;  catastrophe. 

Deterration.  The  act  of  uncovering  something  buried  under  ground. 

Disclosure.     The  act  of  re vealing ;  bringing  to  the  light. 

Expose  [F.].     Undesirable   disclosures. 

Exposition.     The  act  of  displaying  something  to  public  view. 

Exposure.     The  state  of  being  laid  open. 

Retection.     The  act  of  uncovering. some  concealed  thing. 

Revealment.     The  act  of  making  known ;  unveiling. 

Revelation.     The  act  of  disclosing  what  was  before  unknown. 

Unveiling.     The  act  of  uncovering;  removing  obstructions. 

Exposure — Associated  Nouns. 

Bursting  of  a  bubble.     Collapse  of  a  fraud. 

Confessional.     Priest's  stall  for  hearing  confessions. 

Shrift.     The  act  of  hearing  confession  and  giving  absolution. 

Tell-tale.     See  Tidings. 

Whole  truth.     The  truth  with  nothing  concealed. 

Exposure — Verbs. 

Acknowledge.     To  admit  the  truth  of. 

Admit.     To  concede  as  true ;  to  own  the  fact  of. 

Allow.     To  permit;  to  accept. 

Avow.     To  make  strong  declaration ;  to  acknowledge. 

Bare.     To  lay  open;  to  expose. 

Become  known.     Be  disclosed. 

Be  disclosed.     To  be  laid  open ;  to  be  made  known. 

Betray.     To  give  a  secret  away ;  to  give  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy. 

Blab.     To  tattle;  to  talk  thoughtlessly. 

Blurt  out.     To  burst  out  unexpectedly  with. 


Ambuscade.) 


Place  where  men  are  hidden  to  surprise  an  enemy. 


Ambush. 

Coverture.     Place  of  concealment. 

Hiding-place.     Refuge;  place  of  concealment. 

T      ,  .         .     '   |  Place  from  which  unexpected  attacks  can  be  made. 
Retreat.     Place  of  shelter.     See  Refuge. 

Hidingplace — Nouns  of  Means. 
Blind.     Any  mean?  of  keeping  out  the  light. 
Blinker.     Piece  of  leather  fastened  to  a  bridle  to  keep  the  horse  from 

looking  back. 
Cloak.     A  means  of  concealment. 
Cloud.     A  shelter. 
Cover.     Means  of  defense  or  shelter. 
Curtain.     That  which  hides  or  separates. 
Disguise.     That  which  changes  the  appearance  of  something  so  as  to 

be  unrecognizable. 
Domino.     A  mark  for  the  upper  part  of  the  face. 
Mask.     A  covering  for  the  face. 

Masquerade  dress.     A  dress  or  costume  to  conceal  one's  identity. 
Pitfall.     See  Refuge-Pitfall. 
Screen.     That  which  shelters  or  protects. 
Shade.     That  which  cuts  off  the  light. 
Stalking-horse.     A  horse  behind  which  the  rider  hides  to  stalk  his 

game. 
Trap.     See  Truthfulness-Fraud. 
Visor.     The  shield  on  a  cap  to  protect  the  eyes  from  the  sun  s  rays. 

Hidingplace — Denotations. 
Abditory.     A  place  to  store  valuables. 
Adytum.   The  innermost  recess  of  ancient  temples  where  the  orae'es 

were  interpreted. 


EXPOSURE. 


382 


EXPROPRIATION. 


EXPOSURE— HIDIKGPLACE— Continued. 


EXPOSURE— Verbs—  Continued. 

Break  the  seal.     To  disclose;  to  make  known. 

Break  through  the  clouds.     To  become  known. 

Breathe.     To  tell;  to  impart. 

Bring  to  Kght.     To  publish;  to  open. 

Come  in  sight.     See  Visibility. 

Come  out.     To  become  known. 

Come  out  with.     To  tell;  to  give  away  the  secret. 

Come  to  light.     To  appear. 

Concede.    -Grant;  acknowledge. 

Confess.     To  admit  as  true ;  to  own. 

Correct.     To  rectify  falsehoods  by  stating  the  truth;  to  amend. 

Creep  out.     To  leak  out  in  spite  of  any  effort  to  prevent  it. 

Crop  out.     To  appear  above  the  surface ;  to  be  manifest. 

Disillusionner  [F.].     To  destroy  the  illusions  of. 

Disabuse.     To  rectify  mistakes;  to  eradicate  fallacies. 

Disburden  one's  conscience,  l  —    .  ..  ,    ,         , 

Disburden  one's  heart.  I  ^T"?  l°  °\hers  what  n° longer  can 

Disburden  one's  mind.  /     be  kept  secret. 

Disclose.     To  make  known;  to  tell. 

Discover.     To  uncover;  to  fiud. 

Discover  itself.     Come  to  light. 

Dismask.     To  unmask;  to  take  off  the  mask. 

Divulge.     To  disclose;  to  make  known. 

Draw  the  veil.  \  Uncover;  to  permit  things  to  be  seen  in  their 

Draw  the  veil  aside.)       true  light. 

Drop  the  mask.     Speak  frankly. 

Escape.     To  steal  away. 

Expose.     To  exhibit;  to  display. 

Flash  on  the  mind.     To  dawn  ori  the  mind  quickly. 

Give  utterance  to.     To  express. 

Give  vent  to.     To  make  known. 

Grant.     Admit;  concede  as  true. 

Lay  bare.     To  expose;  exhibit. 

Lay  bare  a  piece  of  one's  mind.     Expose  one's  thought. 

Lay  open.     To  disclose. 

Leak  out.     To  become  known  gradually. 

L  t  faUP  /  To  make  Public  inadvertently. 

Let  into  the  secret.     To  share  a  secret  with  another. 

Let  out.     To  let  a  secret  escape. 

Lift  the  mask.    } 

Lift  the  veil.        >-To  disclose. 

Lift  up  the  veil. ) 

Make  a  clean  breast.     To  make  a  full  confession. 

Make  public.     To  expose;  to  exhibit. 

Ooze  out.     To  escape  gradually. 

Open  a  piece  of  one's  mind.     To  tell  what  one  thinks. 

Open  the  eyes  of.     To  make  aware  of  something. 

Open  the  lips.     To  tell,  as  a  secret. 

Open  up.     To  unfasten;  disclose. 

Own  to  the  soft  impeachment.     To  confess  to  a  charge. 

Peach.     To  testify  against  some  one  else. 

Peep  out.     To  look  out;  to  become  visible  at  times. 

Raise  the  mask.     To  declare  one's  real  purposes. 

Raise  up  the  curtain.)  ™  *.  .....    ... 

n  .        K  . ,         .,  (  To  remove  obstructions  to  seeing. 

Raise  up  the  veil.        >  ^ 

Remove  the  curtain.  1  To  divest  oneself  of   all  obstructions  to  get  a 

Remove  the  veil.        i      good  view. 

Reveal  the  secrets  of  the  prison-house.     To  disclose;  to  communicate 

to  others.     [Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  I.  v.] 

Say  the  truth.     To  relate  facts. 

Set  right.     To  correct ;  to  rectify. 


HIDINGPLACE— Denotations— Continued 

Back-stairs.     An  approach  from  behind. 

Closet.     A  room  where  one  is  shut  off  from  the  rest  of  the  world. 

Crypt.     An  underground  vault. 

Hole.     An  out-of-the-way  place. 

Holes  and  corners.     Unusual  places. 

Oubliette  [F.].     A  trap  dungeon. 

Secret  drawer.     A  private  place  to  store  trinkets  and  business  papers. 

Secret  path.     Concealed  path. 

Secret  place.     A  retreat;  a  removed  corner. 

Hidingplace — Verbs. 

Lie  in  ambush,  etc.     See  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 
Lie  in  wait  for.     Eagerly  watching  for. 
Set  a  trap  for.     See  Truthfulness-Fraud. 


Auxaguets  [F.]. 


Hidingplace — Adverbs. 
To  the  watches. 


a.l  ™ 

f  lo  remove  a  cover,  etc. 


EXPOSURE— Verbs— Continued 

Show  its  color.     To  disclose  its  true  nature. 

Show  one's  cards.)  „     ,.      .  ,    .    .     ,. 

Show  one's  hand.  J  To  dlvulge  one  s  "Mentions. 

Speak  out,  etc.     See  Manifestation. 

Speak  the  truth.     Say  what  is  true. 

Tear  the  curtain. 

Tear  the  veil. 

Tell,  etc.     See  Enlightenment. 

Tell  a  piece  of  one's  mind.     To  let  know  what  one  thinks  of  other 

people. 
Tell  tales  out  of  school.     To  tattle  what  others  have  no  right  to  know. 
Throw  off  all  disguise.     To  conceal  nothing. 
Throw  off  the  mask.     Same  as  Raise  the  mask. 
Transpire.     To  become  public. 
Turn  King's  or  Queen's  evidence.     To  confess  a  crime  and  testify 

against  an  accomplice. 
Unbeguile.     To  undeceive. 

Unbosom  oneself.     To  share  one's  secrets  with  another. 
Uncover.     To  unfold;  disclose. 
Undeceive.     To  tell  the  truth. 
Unfold.     To  reveal. 

Unkennel.     To  discover;  to  drive  out  of  a  hole  or  hiding-place- 
Unmask.     See  Dismask. 
Unriddle.     See  Discovery. 
Unseal.     Unfold. 

Unveil.     To  make  known;  disclose. 
Utter.     To  express. 
Vent.     To  let  out;  to  pour  forth. 

Exposure — Adjectives. 
Disclosed.     See  Verbs. 
Discovered.     See  Verbs. 


Out  with  it  1 
Tell  it  I 
Speak  1 


Exposure  — Interjections. 


Exposure — Phrases. 


A  light  breaks  in  upon  one;  the  murder  is  out;  the  scales  fall  from 
one's  eyes  [Bible];  the  eyes  are  opened. 


ex-pound'.  To  interpret;  to  elucidate.  Instructor- 
Pupil,  Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 

ex-pound'-er.     An  expositor.     Interpreter. 

ex-pound'-ing.  Interpreting.  Interpretation-Misin- 
terpretation. 

ex-press'.  To  utter;  to  press  out;  to  send  by  express; 
explicit;  a  quick  conveyance;  a  despatch.  Asser- 
tion-Denial, Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Injection- 
Ejection,  Manifestation-Latency,  Meaning-Jar- 
gon, Phrase,  Purpose-Luck,  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness; by  express,  Hurry-Leisure;  express  by  words, 
Language,  Phrase,  Style;  express  train,  Convey- 
ance-Vessel. 

ex-pressed'.  Uttered.  Well  expressed,  Phrase,  Pur- 
ity-Crudeness. 


ex-press'-ion.  The  act  of  uttering;  a  saying;  look; 
expressiveness;  in  music,  the  mode  of  executing. 
Appearance-Disappearance,  Injection-Ejection, 
Manifestation-Latency,  Meaning-Jargon,  Musi- 
cian, Name-Misnomer,  Phrase  ;  mode  of  expression, 
Style;  new-fangled  expression,  Word-Neology. 

ex-press'-ive.  Full  of  meaning.  Clearness-Obscur- 
ity, Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Meaning-Jargon, 
Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

ex-pro'-brate.     To  censure.     Approval-Disapproval. 

ex-pro-bra'-tion.  Censure.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Justification-Charge. 

ex-pro'-pri-ate.  To  deprive  of  rights.  Keeping-Re- 
linquishment. 

ex-pro"-pri-a'-tion.      The  exclusion  of  the  small  owner 


EXPROPRIATION. 


383 


EXTENSION— INEXTENSION. 


from  the  ownership  of  land  and  other  property 
through  their  centralization  in  the  hands  of 
monopolists.     Keeping-Relinquishment. 

ex-pug'-na-ble.  Capable  of  being  taken  by  storm.  Se- 
curity-Insecurity. 

ex"-pug-na'-tion.  The  act  of  taking  by  storm.  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 

ex-pul'-sion.  A  driving  out;  forcible  ejection.  Admis- 
sion-Expulsion, PUSH-PULL,  R.ECOMPENSE-PuNI- 
TION. 

ex-punge'.  To  erase;  to  destroy.  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Mark-Obliteration. 

ex'-pur-gate.     To  purify.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

expurgatorius,  index  [L.]  (ex-pur-ga-to'-ri-us,  in'-dex). 
A  list  of  books  which  may  be  read  in  expurgated 
editions.      Leave-Prohibition.     . 

ex'-qui-site .  Delicately  beautiful;  refined;  fastidious; 
poignant;  a  fop.  Goodness-Badness,  Palatable- 
ness-Unpalatableness,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Society-Dandy. 

ex'-qui-site-ly.    Extremely.    Magnitude-Smallness. 

ex'-sic-cate.    To  dry  up  or  out.    Dampness-Dryness. 

ex"-sic-ca'-tion.    Act  of  drying.    Dampness-Dryness. 

exspectat  rusticus  dum  defiuit  aninis  [L.]  (ex-pec'-tat 
rus'-ti-cus  dum  di'-flu-it  am'-nis).  The  rustic  waits 
while  the  river  flows  by.     Sanguineness-Hopeless- 

NESS. 

ex"-su-da'-tion.  The  act  or  process  of  exuding  slowly. 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

ex"-suf-fla'-tion.  Exorcism  by  blowing.  Devotion- 
Charm. 

ex-sus'-ci-tate.    To  rouse  up.     Excitation. 

ex'-tant.    Still  existing.     Entity-Nonentity. 


ex'-ta-sy.  Excess  of  gladness  or  of  grief;  ecstasy. 
Emotion,  Fancy,  Pleasure-Pain. 

ex-tem"-po-ra'-ne-ous.  Unpremeditated;  given  to 
speaking  without  preparation.  Earliness-Late- 
ness,  Eternity-Instantaneity,  Opportuneness- 
Unsuitableness,  Predetermination  -  Impulse, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

ex-tem"-po-ra'-ne-ous-ly.  Done  without  preparation. 
Predetermination-Impulse. 

ex-tem'-po-re.      Extemporaneous ;    extemporaneously ; 
extemporaneous     composition.        Earliness-Late- 
ness,    Eternity-Instantaneity,    Opportuneness 
Unsuitableness,         Predetermination  -  Impulse, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

ex-tem'-po-rize.  To  compose  without  preparation. 
Predetermination  -  Impulse,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation. 

ex- tend'.  To  lengthen;  to  enlarge;  to  advance;  to  offer. 
Enlargement-  Diminution,  Length  -Shortness; 
extend  to,  Length-Shortness,  Remoteness-Near- 
ness. 

ex-tend'-ed.     Extensive.     Breadth-Narrowness. 

ex-tend'-i-bU"-i-ty.  Capability  of  being  stretched. 
Hardness-Softness. 

ex-ten"-si-bil'-i-ty.  Capability  of  extension.  Hard- 
ness-Softness. 

ex-ten'-sile.  Capable  of  extension.  Hardness-Soft- 
ness. 

ex-ten'-sion.  Prolongation;  addition;  that  property  of 
matter  by  which  it  has  dimensions.  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Extension -Inextension,  Increase- 
Decrease,  Length-Shortness;  extension  of  timef 
Lastingness-Transientness, 


EXTENSION-INEXTENSION. 


Compass.     An  enclosed  space  or  limit. 

Expanse.     A  wide  extent  of  space. 

Expansion.     An  extended  space;  expanse. 

Extension.     The  state  of  being  stretched  out. 

Extent.     The  space  to  which  a  thing  is  stretched  out. 

Field.     An  open  space  of  any  kind. 

Free  space.     An  open  unrestrained  space. 

Infinity,  etc.     Unlimited  extent  of  space.     See  Infinity. 

Latitude.     Space ;  room ;  freedom  from  confinement. 

Open  space.     Unrestrained  space. 

Play.     Scope;  room  for  movement. 

Range.     Compass;  extent;  scope. 

Room.     Compass;  space  which  can  be  occupied. 

Scope.     Free  space  for  action. 

Space.     Extension  independent  of  anything  it  may  contain. 

Spread.     Extent;  compass. 

Superficial  extent.     Surface  extent. 

Sweep.     The  compass  of  a  stroke. 

Swing.     Free  course. 

Unlimited  space.     Space  without  limit. 

Void,  etc.     An  empty  space.     See  Presence-Absence. 

Extension — Denotations. 
Abyss,  etc.     A  bottomless  gulf.     See  Interspace. 
Acreage.     Area  in  acres;  quantity  or  extent  of  cultivated  land. 
Acres.     A  field;  lands. 

Acres,  roods,  and  perches.     Quantity  or  extent  of  land. 
Arena.     A  scene  or  sphere  of  action  or  contest. 
Campagna  [It.].     An  open  plain. 
Elbow-room.     Room  for  action. 
House-room.     Room  or  lodging,  as  in  a  house. 
Length  and  breadth  of  the  land.     Extent  of  land. 
Margin.     A  space  along  an  edge. 

„       j      ,  \  A  tract  of  waste  land,  marshy  and  abounding  in  peat 

Opening.     A  tract  of  land  where  trees  are  thinly  scattered. 

Proportions.     Dimensions  or  extent  of  surface. 

Roomage.     Extent  of  room  or  space. 

Spare  room.     Room  or  space  above  what  is  necessary. 

Sphere.     Field  of  operations. 

Square  inches.     Extent  of  surface  measured  in  inches. 

Square  yards.     Extent  of  surface  measured  in  yards. 

Stowage.     Room  or  space  in  which  things  may  be  stowed. 


Atom,  etc.     An  ultimate,  indivisible  particle  of  matter.     See  Mag- 
nitude-Smallness. 
Inextension.     Want  of  extension. 
Nonextension.     The  state  of  not  occupying  space. 
Point.     That  which  has  neither  length,  breadth,  nor  thickness. 


EXTENSION—  Denotations— Continued. 

Ubiquity,  etc.     Whereabouts;  region.     See  Presence. 
Waste.     Land  not  under  cultivation. 
Way.     Length  of  space  passed  over. 
Wilderness.     An  uncultivated  or  barren  region. 
Wildness.     A  wilderness. 
World.     The  earth. 

Extension — Adjectives. 

Ample.     Great  in  extent. 

Boundless,  etc.     Limitless;  unbounded.     See  Infinity. 

Capacious.     Spacious;  extended. 

Expansive.     Wide -extending. 

Extensive.     Having  a  wide  extent. 

Pathless.     Untrodden ;  having  no  path. 

Roomy.     Spacious;  wide. 

Shoreless.     Of  unlimited  extent. 

Spacious.     Vast  in  extent. 

Trackless.     Untrodden. 

Uncircumscribed .     Not  circumscribed. 

Vast.     Immense;  very  great. 

Wide.     Having  great  extent. 

Widespread.     Spread  over  great  extent. 

World-wide.     Extended  through  the  whole  world. 

Extension — Adverbs. 

All  over.     Over  a  great  extent. 

All  the  world  over.     Over  the  whole  world. 

Everywhere.     At  all  places. 

Extensively,  etc.     In  an  extensive  manner.     See  Adjectives, 

Far  and  near.)  . 

Far  and  wide.  > 


■  Over  a  great  extent. 


From  all  points  of  the  compass.     Everywhere. 


EXTENSION. 


384 


EXTERMINATION. 


EXTENSION— Adverbs— Continued. 


From  China  to  Peru.  (Johnson,  Vanity  of  ' 

Human  Wishes.'] 
From  Dan  to  Beersheba.     [Bible.] 
From  end  to  end. 
From  Indus  to  the  Pole.  ["Waft  a  Sigh 

Pope,  Eloisa.] 
From  pole  to  pole. 
Here,  there,  and  everywhere.  \ 
In  all  lands.  >  Everywhere. 

In  ill  quarters.  ) 


Lex  loci  [L.].     The  law  of  the  place. 


Over  a  great  distance; 

extensively. 


In  every  quarter. 

In  the  wide  world.  Everywhere. 

On  the  face  of  the  earth,  j  ' 

Right  and  left.  J 

Throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  land. 

Throughout  the  world.     Over  the  whole  world . 

To  the  four  winds.     In  all  directions. 

To  the  uttermost  parts  of  the  earth. 

Under  the  sun.     Everywhere. 

Wherever.     At  whatever  place. 


Extension — Phrase. 


EXTENSION— DISTRICT. 


District. 


Area.     The  surface  included  between  lines;  any  plane  surface. 

Beat.     A  round  or  course  frequently  traveled  over. 

Canton.     A  district. 

Circuit.     A  space  included  between  certain  definite  limits. 

District.     A  portion  of  territory  of  undefined  extent. 

Ground.     A  portion  of  the  earth's  surface  set  apart. 

Hemisphere.     Half  of  the  surface  of  the  terrestrial  globe. 

Orb.     A  circle,  orbit,  or  anything  circular. 

Quarter.     Specific  place. 

Realm.     A  region  or  country. 

Region.     A  portion  of  space  of  indefinite  extent. 

SoiL     Land;  country. 

Sphere.     Circuit;  province;  compass. 

District — Denotations. 

Arena.     An  enclosed  space  where  exhibitions  are  held. 

Arrondissement  [F.].     A  subdivision  of  a  French  department. 

Circle.     An  enclosure. 

Climate.     A  region  of  the  earth  considered  in  relation  to  its  tem- 
perature. 

Clime.     A  portion  or  region  of  the  earth 

Close.     Any  place  shut  in  or  enclosed. 

Commune.     A  local  government  district  in  European  countries. 

Compartment.     A  room . 

Country.     A  land  within  definite  geographical  limits. 

County.     A  civil  division  of  a  state 

Court.     A  space  enclosed  on  three  sides. 

Department.     A  civil  division  of  a  state. 

Domain.     A  territory  or  region  over  which  dominion  is  exercised  by 
a  sovereign. 

Duchy.     The  territory  or  dominion  of  a  duke. 

Enceinte  [F.]      A  circuit. 


Enclave  [F.].     A  piece  of  land  ericlosed  within  another. 

Enclosure.     An  enclosed  space. 

Field.     A  piece  of  land  under  cultivation. 

Hundred,     A  subdivision  of  a  county. 

Kingdom.     The  territory  ruled  by  a  king. 

Latitude.     A  region  or  place  with  reference  to  its  distance  north  o» 
south  of  the  equator. 

March.     The  region  or  district  lying  along  a  boundary -line. 

Meridian.     Situation,  especially  as  marking  local  conditions. 

Pale.     That  which  is  enclosed  within  bounds.     See  Covbr. 

Parish.     A  religious  or  ecclesiastical  district;  a  civil  division  of  a 
county. 

Patch.     A  small  piece  of  ground. 

Plot.     A  fenced  piece  of  ground. 

Precinct.     An  election  district. 

Principality.     The  territory  of  a  reigning  prince. 

Province.     A  civil  division  of  an  empire. 

Riding.     A  division  of  an  English  county. 

Shire.     A  county. 

Street.     A  public  way.     See  Dweller-Habitatiok. 

Territory.     The  domain  of  a  sovereign  state. 

Township.     A  civil  division  of  a  county. 

Tract.     An  extent  of  land. 

Walk.     A  piece  of  ground  sot  apart  for  the  exercise  of  sporting  ani- 
mals. 

Wapentake.     A  division  of  an  English  county. 

Ward.     A  territorial  division  of  cities. 

Zone.     A  region  of  the  earth  enclosed  between  two  parallels  of  lati- 
tude. 

District — Adjectives. 

Local.     Pertaining  to  some  particular  or  definite  place. 
Parochial.     Pertaining  to  or  relating  to  a  parish. 
Provincial.     Pertaining  to  or  relating  to  a  province. 
Territorial.     Pertaining  to  a  territory. 


EXTENSION— PLACE. 


Place. 


Abode,  etc.    A  place  of  habitation.     See  Dweller  Habitation. 

Locality,  etc.     Situation  in  a  place.     See  Position. 

Place.     A  portion  of  space  measured  off  and  regarded  as  distinct  from 

all  other  space. 
Point.     An  indefinitely  small  space  clearly  indicated. 
Precinct.     A  district  within  certain  definite  limits. 
Premises.     A  distinct  portion  of  real  estate. 
Spot.     A  small  extent  of  space. 
Station.     A  spot  or  place  where  anything  stands. 

Place — Denotations. 
Compartment.     A  room. 
Dot.     A  small  spot. 


Every  hole  and  corner.     Everywhere. 
Ins  and  outs.     Windings  of  a  place. 
Lien.     A  legal  claim  on  property. 
Niche.     A  recessed  space  or  hollow. 
Nook,  etc.     A  corner.     See  Angularity. 

Pigeon-hole,  etc .     A  small  compartment  in  a  desk  for  holding  letters, 
etc.     See  Contents-Receiver. 

Place — Adverbs* 

Here  and  there;    in  some  place;    in  various    places;    passim    [L.|, 
here  and  there;  somewhere;  wherever  it  may  be. 


ex-ten'-sive.  Great;  wide.  Extension-Inextension, 
Magnitude -Smallness;  extensive  knowledge, 
Knowledge-Ignorance. 

ex-ten'-sive-ly.     Widely.     Extension-Inextension. 

extenso,  in  [L.]  (ex-ten'-so,  in).  In  full.  -Terseness- 
Prolixity,  Whole-Part. 

ex-tent'.  Compass;  bulk.  Extension-Inextension, 
Quantity-Measure. 

cx-ten'-u-ate.  To  mitigate;  to  attenuate;  to  depre- 
ciate. Increase-Decrease,  Justification-Charge, 
Strength-Weakness. 


ex-ten'-u-a-ted.      Slender.       Breadth  -  Narrowness. 

ex-ten'-u-a-ting.  Mitigating.  Extenuating  circum- 
stances, Justification-Charge,  Modification. 

ex-ten"-u-a'-tion.    Palliation.    Justification-Charge. 

ex-te'-ri-or.     Outside.     Outside-Inside. 

ex"-te-ri-or'-i-ty.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  outside. 
Outside-Inside. 

ex-ter'-mi-nate.  To  annihilate.  Creation-Destruc- 
tion. 

ex-ter"-min-a'-tion.  Eradication.  Injection-Extrac- 
tion. 


EXTERNAL. 


385 


EXTRAVAGANCE— AVARICE. 


ex-ter'-nal.  Outside;  superficial.  Outside-Inside; 
external  evidence,  Evidence-Counterevidence;  ex- 
ternal senses,  Sensibility-Insensibility. 

ex-tinct'.  Quenched;  worn  out;  exterminated.  Crea- 
tion-Destruction, Entity-Nonentity,  Future- 
Past,  Light-Darkness. 

ex-tinc'-teur.  A  portable  fire-extinguisher.  Heating- 
Cooling. 

ex-tinc'-tion.  Complete  destruction.  Creation-De- 
struction, Entity-Nonentity;  extinction  of  life, 
Life-Death. 

ex-tin'-guish.  To  quench;  to  put  out;  to  destroy. 
Creation-Destruction,  Heating-Cooling,  Light- 
Darkness. 

ex-tin'-guish-er.  One  who  or  that  which  destroys. 
Maker-Destroyer;  put  an  extinguisher  upon,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Success-Failure. 

ex'-tir-pate.     To  eradicate.     Injection-Ejection. 

ex"-tir-pa'-tion.  Act  of  taking  out  by  the  roots. 
Creation-Destruction,  Injection-Ejection. 

ex"-ti-spi'-cious .  Pertaining  to  the  inspection  of  en- 
trails by  an  haruspex.     Prophecy. 

ex-tol'.  To  praise  highly ;  to  elevate.  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Overvaluation-Undervaluation. 

ex-tort'.  To  wrest  away;  to  exact  without  legal  right. 
Compulsion,  Costliness-Cheapness,  '  Injection- 
Ejection,  Taking-Restitution. 

ex-tort'-ed.     Secured  unwillingly.     Assent-Dissent. 

ex-tor'-tion.  An  extortionate  charge;  the  act  or  prac- 
tise of  extorting.  Costliness-Cheapness,  Extrav- 
agance-Avarice, Taking-Restitution. 

ex-tor'- tion-ate.  Unreasonable.  Costliness-Cheap- 
ness, Desire-Distaste,  Extravagance-Avarice, 
Harshness-Mildness. 

ex-tor'-tion-er.  One  who  takes  illegally.  Extrav- 
agance-Avarice, Harshness-Mildness. 


ex'-tra.  Additional;  something  additional.  Addi- 
tion-Subtraction, Excess-Lack,  Missive-Publi- 
cation. 

extra,  ab  [L.]  (ex'-tra,  ab).  From  without.  Out- 
side-Inside. 

ex'-tract.  A  quotation;  an  essential  extracted  or 
drawn  out.     Digest,  Injection-Ejection. 

ex-trac'-tion.  Extract;  the  act  of  extracting;  lineage. 
Injection -Ejection,  Parentage -Progeny;  ex- 
traction of  roots,  Numbering. 

ex-tract'-or.  One  who  or  that  which  extracts.  In- 
jection-Ejection. 

ex'-tracts.     Selections  from  writings.     Digest. 

ex"-tra-di'-tion.  The  surrender  by  a  government  of  a 
person  accused  or  convicted  to  another  government. 
Admission-Expulsion,  Transfer. 

ex"-tra-ju-di'-cial.  Happening  out  of  court  or  out  of 
the  proper  court.     Law-Lawlessness. 

ex"-tra-mun'-dane.  Existing  outside  the  limits  of  the 
world  or  of  the  material  universe.     Universe. 

ex"-tra-mu'-ral.     Outside  the  wall.     Outside-Inside. 

extra  muros  [L.]  (ex'-tra  miu'-ros) .  Without  the  walls. 
Outside-Inside. 

ex-tra'-ne-ous.  External;  foreign.  Connection-In- 
dependence, Constituent-Alien,  Subjectiveness- 
Objectiveness. 

ex-tra'-ne-ous-ness.  The  state  of  being  extraneous. 
Constituent-Alien. 

ex"-traor'-di-na-ry.  Unusual.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality',  Magnitude-Smallness. 

ex"-tra-re-gard'-ing.  Looking  outward.  Outside-In- 
side. 

ex-trav'-a-gance.  Excess.  Adage-Nonsense,  Cost- 
liness-Cheapness, Excess-Lack,  Extravagance- 
Avarice,  Gull-Hyperbole,  Sagacity-Incapacity, 
Society-Ludicrousness. 


EXTRAVAGANCE— AVARICE. 


Extravagance.     Needless  freedom  in  the  expenditure  of  money. 
Prodigality.     Excessive  and  wasteful  expenditure  of  money. 
Prodigence.     Waste;  extravagance. 
Profuseness.     Characteristic  of  being  extravagant. 

Profusion.      j  ^vish  liberality;  over-supplv. 

Squandering.) 

Unthriftiness.     Carelessness  and  imprudence  in  the  management  of 
one 's  resources. 

Waste.     The  act  of  wasting  or  squandering  gradually  and  thought- 
lessly. 

Extravagance — Associated  Nouns. 

Locust.     Anything  that  destroys  or  devours  like  the  locust. 
Losel.     A  person  inclined  to  idleness  and  waste. 

Malversation.     Fraudulent  conduct  in  public  office  or  places  of  trust. 
Prodigal.     One  wasteful  or  extravagant  in  the  use  of  money  or  prop- 
erty. 
Spendthrift.  \  One  who  spends  beyond  his  means  or  reasonable  re- 
Wastethrift.  J       quirements. 

Extravagance — Verbs. 

Be  prodigal.     See  Adjectives. 

Burn  the  candle  at  both  ends.     To  be  foolishly  extravagant. 

Dissipate.     To  squander  by  spending  in  a  reckless  manner. 

Drain.     To  draw  off  slowly;  to  spend  or  cause  to  spend  to  exhaus- 
tion. 

Eat  out  of  house  and  home.    Impoverish  another  by  depending  upon 
him  for  support. 

Exhaust.     To  lessen  greatly  or  entirely  withdraw  the  supply  of. 

Fool  away  one's  money,      j  Tq  d  ^  h  returns 

Fritter  away  one  s  money.  > 

Kill  the  goose  that  lays  the  golden  eggs.     To  destroy  foolishly  one's 
resources .     Fable . 

Lavish.     To  expend  wastefully  and  liberally. 

Make  ducks  and  drakes  of  one's  money.     To  squander. 

Manger  son  bU  en  herbe  [F.].     To  eat  the  calf  in  the  cow's  belly. 

Misspend.     To  spend  wrongfully. 

Muddle  away  one's  money.    Spend  foolishly. 

Outrun  the  constable.     To  run  into  debt. 

Overdraw.     To  draw  excessively. 
2* 


Auri  sacra  fames  [L].     The  accursed  hungerforgold. 

Avarice.     A  passion  for  the  acquisition  of  money. 

Avidity.     A  strong  desire  for  money,  food,  etc. 

Extortion.     Acquiring  or  obtaining  by  violence. 

Illiberality.     Want  of  liberality;  ungenerosity. 

Parcity.     Sparingness. 

Parsimoniousness.     State  of  being  frugal  to  excess. 

Parsimony.     Closeness  in  expenditure  often  with  a  bad  sense. 

Rapacity.     Quality  of  being  rapacious  or  given  to  plundering  and  ex 

torting. 
Selfishness.     Condition  of  being  selfish,  of  caring  only  for  oneself 

See  Selfishness. 
Stinginess.     Quality  of  being  stingy.     See  Adjectives. 
Stint.     The  act  of  stinting,  of  being  sparing,  of  prescribing  limits. 
Tenacity.     The  quality  of  holding  fast  to  what  is  in  one's  possession. 
Venality.     Prostitution  of  offices,  etc.,  for  money. 

Avarice — Nouns  of  Agent,  etc. 

Churl.     A  sordid  or  stingy  person. 

Codger.     A  niggardly  or  miserly  man. 

Crib.     Piracy  or  plagiarism. 

Curmudgeon.     One  who  is  miserly  or  grasping. 

Harpagon.     An  iron  grappling  hook ;  hence,  a  grasping  person. 

Harpy.     Any  rapacious  person;  like  the  harpies  in  Virgil. 

Hunks.     A  person  who  grasps  everything. 

Jew.     A  crafty  dealer  or  grasping  money-lender. 

Luck-penny.     A  trifle  returned  "for  luck"  by  the  vendor  to  a  pur. 

chaser. 
Miser.     A  person  given  to  saving  and  hoarding  unduly. 
Muckworm.     A  miser. 
Niggard.     A  stingy  person. 
Screw.     An  extortioner  or  miser. 
Scrimp.     A  pinching  miser. 
Skinflint.     A  hard,  close  money-getter. 
Usurer.     One  who  loans  money  at  an  exorbitant  rate. 

Avarice — Verbs. 

Beat  down.     To  lessen  the  price  of  by  haggling. 
Begrudge.     To  envy  the  possession  of. 


EXTRAVAGANCE. 


386 


EXTRINSICALLY. 


EXTRAVAGANCE— AVARICE—  Continued. 


EXTRAVAGANCE— Verbs— Continued. 

Pay  through  the  nose.     To  pay  excessively. 
Potter  away  one's  money.     To  be  extravagant. 
Pour  forth  like  water.     To  spend  money  toofreely. 
Pour  water  into  a  sieve.     To  spend  without  a  purpose  or  without  a 
result. 

Run?hr;ugh.}Towastc- 

Sow  broadcast.     Spend  without  any  attention. 

Spill.     To  cause  to  pour  out  or  to  waste. 

Squander.     To  spend  recklessly. 

Throw  away  one's  money.     To  waste  one's  resources. 

Throw  good  money  after  bad.     To  act  foolishly  in  spending. 

Throw  the  helve  after  the  hatchet.     To  squander  principal  as  well  as 

income. 
Waste.     To  spend  gradually. 

Extravagance — Adjectives. 

Dissipated.     Scattered,  squandered. 

Extravagant.     Carelessly  expending  in  excess  of  income. 

Fullhanded.     Having  hands  full. 

Improvident.     Lacking  foresight;  careless. 

Lavish.     Bountifully  extravagant. 

Losel.     Slothful  and  wasteful. 

Overliberal.     More  generous  than  one  can  afford. 

Penny-wise  and  pound-foolish.  Economical  in  small  matters,  ex- 
travagant in  large  things. 

Prodigal.     Given  to  extravagant  expenditures. 

Profuse.     Liberal  or  abundant  to  excess. 

Thriftless.  Having  no  foresight  or  prudence  in  management  of  re- 
sources. 

Unthrifty.     Not  thrifty  or  careful  in  management  of  money  affairs 

Wasteful.     Full  of  waste;  prodigal. 

Extravagance — Adverbs. 

Money  burning  one's  pocket. 
With  an  unsparing  hand. 

Extravagance — Phrases. 
Amor  nummi  [L.].  Love  of  the  dollar. 
Facile  largiri  de  alieno  [L.].     It  is  easy  to  be  lavish  with  what  is  not 

your  own. 
Les  jous  font  les  festins,  et  les  sages  les  mangent  [F.].     Fools  make 

feasts  and  wise  men  eat  them. 
Wte  getvonnen,  so  zerronnen  [G.].     As  won,  so  flown;  light  come, 

light  go.  

AVARICE — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Tight-fisted.     Stingy. 

Ungenerous.     Not  generous;  illiberal. 

Usurious.  Practising  usury;  eager  to  increase  one's  wealth  rapidly 
even  though  illegally. 

Venal.  Purchasable  or  purchased ;  working  for  money  without  prin- 
ciple. 

Avaricious — Adverb. 

With  a  sparing  hand.     Frugal. 

ex-trav'-a-gant.  Immoderate;  visionary;  wasteful. 
Adage-Nonsense,  Costliness-Cheapness,  Excess- 
Lack,  Extravagance-Avarice,  Fancy,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Society- 
Ludicrousness,  Taste-Vulgarity,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

ex-trav"-a-gan'-za.  An  extravagant  or  fantastic  com- 
position.    Essay,  Fancy. 

ex-trav"-a-ga'-tion.  A  roaming  beyond  proper  bounds. 
Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

ex-trav'-a-sate.  To  escape  from  the  proper  vessel. 
Admission-Expulsion,  Entrance-Exit. 

ex-trav"-a-sa'-tion.  Act  of  escaping  from  the  proper 
vessel.     Entrance-Exit,  Injection-Ejection. 

ex-treme'.  Of  the  highest  degree;  last;  exacting.  Be- 
ginning-End, Magnitude  -  Smallness;  extreme 
unction,  Ceremonial. 

ex-treme'-ly.  To  the  utmost.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness. 

extremis,  in  [L.]  (ex-tri'-mis,  in).  In  extremity.  Dif- 
ficulty-Facility. Life-Death. 


AVARICE— Verbs— Continued. 

Be  parsimonious.  See  Adjectives. 
Cheapen.  To  make  less  in  price. 
Dole  out.     To  give  sparingly. 

Drive  a  harfbargain.l  To  trade  with  advanta«e  *°  °™**U- 

Famish.     To  faint  or  die  from  hunger. 

Grab.     To  get  possession  of  dishonestly  or  greedily. 

Grasp.     To  be  greedy  of  gain. 

Gripe.     To  get  money  by  exaction. 

Grudge.     To  envy  the  possession  of. 

Have  an  itching  palm.  To  be  greedy.  [Shakespeare,  J.  Ctesar,  IV    iii.J 

Hold  back.     Retain. 

Live  upon  nothing.     To  be  very  stingy. 

Pinch.     To  be  close  in  money  affairs. 

Screw.     To  act  in  money  matters  as  an  extortioner. 

Skin  a  flint.     To  get  money  in  a  mean,  contemptible  way. 

Starve.     To  die  from  lack  of  food. 

Stint.     To  provide  scantily. 

Stop  one  hole  in  a  sieve.     Be  stingy. 

Withhold.     To  keep  back. 

Avarice — Adjectives. 

Avaricious.     Eagerly  craving  for  money. 
Chary.     Very  careful  and  cautious. 
Churlish.     Likeachurl;  sordid. 
Close.     Not  open  or  liberal ;  stingy. 
Closefisted.     Not  inclined  to  give;  mean. 
Closehanded.     Mean;  illiberal. 

Covetous.     Desirous  of  getting  something  from  Its  possessor. 
Extortionate.     Oppressive. 
Fasthanded.     Parsimonious. 

Greedy.     Wishing  to  have  or  enjoy  everything  oneself. 
Griping.     See  Verbs. 

Grudging.     Envying  one  the  possession  of. 
Hardflsted.     Avaricious  in  disposition;  closefi-.ted. 
Hidebound.     Narr^'v-minded;  penurious. 
Illiberal.     Not  liberal ;  ungenerous. 
Mean.     Miserly  in  expenditure. 

Mercenary.     Governed  by  a  sordid  love  of  gain ;  able  to  be  hired 
Miserly.     Like  a  miser;  given  to  hoarding. 
Near.     Inclined  to  be  penurious;  close. 
Niggardly.     Acquiring  by  mean  and  petty  savings. 
Parsimonious.     Close  in  the  expenditure  of  one's  money. 
Peddling.     Occupying  oneself  in  small  affairs. 
Penny-wise.     Economical  in  small  matters. 
Penurious.     Very  sparing  in  the  expenditure  of  money. 
Rapacious.     Acquiring  by  violence,  as  a  robber;  eagerly  grasping- 
Scrubby.     Like  a  scrub;  stunted;  sordid. 
Shabby.     Dressed  in  rags;  paltry. 
Sordid.     Meanly  avaricious. 
Sparing.     Refraining  from  using;  illiberal. 

Stingy.     Extremely  close  and  desirous  of  keeping  others  from  getting. 
Straithanded.     Closehanded. 
Tight.     Close  and  careful  in  expending. 

{Continued  on  Column  1.) 

ex-trem'-i-ty.  Termination;  the  greatest  degree;  a 
state  of  want  or  misery.  Beginning-End,  Pleas- 
ure-Pain, Welfare-Misfortune;  at  the  last  ex- 
tremity, Security-Insecurity;  drive  matters  to  an 
extremity,  Determination-Vacillation. 

ex'-tri-ca-ble.     Able  to  be  untangled.     Rescue. 

ex'-tri-cate.  To  disentangle;  to  disembarrass.  Dif- 
ficulty-Facility, Injection-Ejection,  Release- 
Restraint,  Rescue. 

ex"-tri-ca'-tion.  Act  of  liberating.  Injection-Ejec- 
tion, Release-Restraint,  Rescue. 

ex-trin'-sic.  Foreign.  Outside-Inside,  Subjective- 
ness-Objectiveness. 

ex-trin'-sic-al.  Quality  of  being  foreign.  Subjective- 
ness-Objectiveness. 

ex-trin"-si-cal'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  non-inherent. 
Constituent-Alien,      Subjectiveness-Objective- 

NESS. 

ex-trin'-sic-al-ly.    Foreign  to.    Subjectiveness-Objec- 

TIVENESS. 


EXTRINSIC. 


387 


EYRY. 


ex-trin'-sic  ev'-i-dence  Evidence  from  outside  circum- 
stances.     EVIDENCE-COUNTEREVIDENCE. 

ex-tro'-sion.  Expulsion.  Admission-Expulsion,  En- 
trance-Exit. 

ex-u'-ber-ance.  Copiousness.  Excess-Lack,  Terse- 
ness-Prolixity. 

ex-u'-ber-ant.  Producing  plenteousiy ;  copious. 
Enough,  Excess-Lack,  Terseness-PrV  lixity. 

ex-u'-ber-ate.    To  abound.    Enough 

ex"-u-da'-tion.  The  act  or  process  of  exuding;  that 
which  is  exuded.  Entrance-Exit,  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

ex-ude'.    To  trickle  forth.     Entrance-Exit,  Medium. 

ex-ul'-cer-ate.  To  cause  ulcers  to  grow  upon ;  to  irritate. 
Betterment-Deterioration. 

ex-ult'.  To  feel  or  manifest  delight.  Bragging,  Jubi- 
lation-Lamentation, Reputation-Discredit. 

ex-ult'-ant.  Rejoicing  greatly.  Bragging,  Jubilation- 
Lamentation,  Sanguinen  ess-Hopelessness. 

ex-ult'-ing.      Rejoicing    in.      Lightheartedness-De- 

JECTION. 

ex'-unge.     Ointment      Pulpiness-Oiliness. 

ex-u'-vi-ae.  Parts  cast  off  or  shed  by  animals.  Clean- 
ness-Filthiness,  Nutriment-Excretion. 

eye.  The  organ  of  vision;  sight;  ability  to  see;  inspec- 
tion; mien.  Aperture-Closure,  Circle-Winding, 
i>iC5HT-BLiNDNEss,  Visibility-Invisibility ;  appear 
to  one's  eye,  Visibility-Invisibility;  before  one's 
eyes,  Anteriority-Posteriority,  Manifestation- 
Latency  Visibility-Invisibility;  cast  the  eyes  on, 
Sight-Blindness;  cast  the  eyes  over,  Heed-Disre- 
gard; catch  ie  eye,  Heed-Disregard;  close  the 
eyes,  Activity--_idolence,  Life-Death,  Sight- 
Blindness;  dry  eyeb,  Sensitiveness-Apathy;  eye 
askance,  Sanguineness-T. iidity;  eye  glistening, 
Excitation;  eye  of  a  needle,  -Aperture-Closure; 
eye  of  the  master,  Management;  e,es  <raw  straws, 
Activity-Indolence;  eyes  open,  CaA-sfulness- 
Carelessness,    Heed-Disregard,    Purposs-Luck; 


eyes  opened,  Exposure-Hidingplace;  eyes  out, 
Sight-Blindness;  fix  the  eyes  on,  Heed-Disregard; 
have  an  eye  to,  Desire-Distaste,  Heed-Disregard, 
Purpose-Luck;  have  one's  eyes  about  one,  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness; in  one's  eyes,  Visibility-In- 
visibility; in  the  eye  of  the  law,  Law-Lawlessness; 
in  the  eyes  of,  Appearance-Disappearance,  Faith- 
Misgiving;  keep  an  eye  upon,  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness; look  with  one's  own  eyes,  Carefulness- 
Carelessness;  mind's  eye,  Fancy;  open  the  eyes  to, 
Discovery;  set  one's  eyes  upon,  Desire-Distaste; 
shut  one's  eyes  to,  Heed-Disregard,  Leave-Pro- 
hibition; to  the  eyes,  Appearance-Disappearance; 
under  the  eyes  of,  Presence-Absence;  up  to  one's 
eyes,  Excess-Lack;  with  moistened  eyes,  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation; with  open  eyes,  Astonishment- 
Expectance. 

eye'-glass".  A  pair  of  glasses  resembling  spectacles 
without  bows;  the  glass  nearest  the  eye  in  a  tel- 
escope, or  similar  instrument.  Optical  Instru- 
ments. 

eye'-iess.    Deprived  of  sight.    Sight-Blindness. 

eye-let.    A  little  aperture.    Aperture-Closure. 

eye'-piece".  The  lens  in  a  telescope  nearest  the  eye. 
Optical  Instruments. 

eye'-sight".  The  sense  of  sight;  extent  of  sight. 
Sight-Blindness. 

eye'-sore".  A  diseased  place  on  or  near  the  eye;  any- 
thing that  offends  the  eye.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

eye'-teeth".  The  upper  canine  teeth.  Have  cut  one's 
eyeteeth,  Craft-Artlessness,  Manhood,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness. 

eye'-wit"-ness.  One  who  sees  a  thing  with  his  own 
eyes.     Evidence-Counterevidence,  Onlooker. 

ey'-ot.     A  little  island.     Swamp-Island. 

eyre.     A  court  of  circuit  judges.     Tribunal. 

ey'-ry.  The  nest  of  any  predatory  bird,  especially  the 
eagle.     Dweller-Habitation, 


FABER. 


383 


FADELESS 


faber  est  quisque  fortunes  sua  [L.]  (fe'-ber  est  quis'- 
qui  for-tiu'-ni  siu'-i).  Every  man  is  the  architect  of 
his  own  fortune.  Success-Failure,  Welfare-Mis- 
fortune. 

Fa'-bi-an.  Delaying.  Fabian  policy,  Action-Pas- 
siveness,  Earliness-Lateness,  Recklessness- 
Caution. 

fa'-ble.  Fiction.  Account,  Rhetoric,  Tropb, 
Truth-Error,  Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

fab'-ric.  Texture.  Cause-Effect,  Condition-Situ- 
ation, Creation-Destruction,  Elasticity-Inelas- 
ticity. 

fab'-ri-cate.  Construct.  Creation  -  Destruction, 
Fancy,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

fab'-ri-ca-ted.  Made  up  in  the  imagination.  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

fab"-ri-ca'-tion.  A  falsehood.  Creation -Destruc- 
tion, Truthfulness-Fabrication,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

jabula  narratur,  de  te  [L.]  (fab'-yu-la  nar-re'-tur,  di 
ti).  The  story  is  told  of  you.  Exculpation-Con- 
viction,  Reprisal-Resistance. 

fab'-u-list.     A  falsifier.     Account. 

fab'-u-lous.  Fictitious;  incredible.  ■  Gull -Hyper- 
bole, Fancy,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Truthful- 
ness-Fabrication. 

fab'-ur-den.     A  refrain.     Melody-Dissonance. 

fa"-5ade'.  An  elevation  of  a  building.  Anteriority- 
Posteriority. 

face.  Oppose;  visage.  Anatomy,  Antagonism-Con- 
currence, Anteriority-Posteriority,  Appear- 
ance-Disappearance, Bravery-Cowardice,  Cov- 
er-Lining, Mineralogy,  Outside-Inside,  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness, Reprisal-Resistance; 
change  the  face  of,  Revolution;  face  about,  Aim- 
Aberration;  face  to  face,  Anteriority-Posteri- 
ority; face  of  the  country,  Gulf -Plain;  face  to 
the  thing,  Appearance-Disappearance;  fly  in  the 
face  of,  Insubordination-Obedience,  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness, Reprisal-Resistance;  in 
the  face  of,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Presence- 
Absence;  look  in  the  face,  Sight-Blindness,  Brav- 
ery-Cowardice; make  faces,  Beauty-U  liness, 
Desire-Distaste, Proportion-Deformity, Regard- 
Disrespect;  not  show  face,  Reputation-Discredit, 
Selfrespect-Humbleness;  on  the  face  of,  Ap- 
pearance-Disappearance, Manifestation-Laten- 
cy; on  the  face  of  the  earth,  Extension-District; 
put  a  good  face  upon,  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Justification-Charge,  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion,  Pomp,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness,  Self- 
respect-Humbleness,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  set 
one's  face  against,  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Quest-Evasion;  show  face,  Presence-Absence, 
Visibility-Invisibility;  to  one's  face,  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency; wry  face,  Beauty-Ugliness,  Sen- 
suality-Suffering. 

fac'-et.     A  small  face.     Outside-Inside. 

facetice  [L.]  (fa-si'-shi-i) .  Witty  sayings.  Witti- 
ness-Dulness. 

fa-ce'-tious.     Witty.     Wittiness-Dulness. 

fa-ce'-tious-ness.     Drollness.     Wittiness-Dulness. 

fac'-ile.  Easy;  skilful.  Determination- Vacilla- 
tion, Difficulty-Facility,  Readiness-Reluct- 
ance. 


facile  princeps  [L.]  (fasM-H  prin'-seps).  Easily  first. 
Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

facilis  descensus  Averni  [L.]  (fas'-i-lis  di-sen'-sus  a- 
ver'-nai).  The  road  to  hell  is  easy.  Parallelism. 
Inclination,  Security-Insecurity. 

fa-cil'-i-tate.  To  make  easier.  Difficulty-Facil- 
ity. 

fa-cil'-i-ty.  Readiness;  affability.  Difficulty-Fa- 
cility, Liberty-Subjection,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

fa'-cing.  Covering.  Cover-Lining,  Latekality- 
Contraposition. 

fa-cin'-c-rous.     Atrociously  wicked.     Virtue- Vice. 

f acinus  quos  inquinat  cequat  [L.]  (fas'-i-nus  quos  in'- 
qui-nat  i'-quat) .  Crime  reduces  those  whom  it  stains 
to  one  level.  Elevation-Depression,  Innocence- 
Guilt. 

facon  de  parler  [F.]  (fa-son''  de  par-leO-  Maimer  of 
speaking.     Gull-Hyperbole,  Trope. 

facon,  sans  [F.]  (fa-son',  san).  Without  fashion. 
Embellishment-Simplicity. 

fac-sim'-i-le.  An  exact  copy.  Copy-Model,  De- 
lineation-Caricature, Sameness-Contrast. 

fact.  An  act;  a  truth.  Certainty-Doubt,  Entity- 
Nonentity,  Truth-Error,  Variation;  in  fact, 
Entity-Nonentity. 

facta  non  verba  [L.]  (fac'-ta  non  ver'-ba).  Deeds, 
not  words.     Bragging. 

fac'-tion.  A  party;  dissension.  Association.  Va- 
riance-Accord. 

fac'-tious.     Partizan.     Variance-Accord. 

fac-ti'-tious.  Artificial.  Truthfulness-Fabrication, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

fac'-tor.  An  agent;  one  of  two  ormore  quantities  which, 
when  multiplied  together,  produce  a  given  quantity. 
Consignee,  Dealer,  Manager,  Number. 

fac-to'-ri-al.  A  continued  product,  of  factors  differing 
by  unity.     Numbering. 

fac'-tor-ing.     Resolving  into  factors.     Numbering. 

fac'-to-ry.     Manufactory.     Workshop. 

fac-tq'-tum.  A  man  of  all  work.  Agent,  Consignee, 
Manager. 

facts.  Things  stated  or  assumed  as  true.  A  summary 
of  facts,  Evidence-Counterevidence. 

f acuta  [L.]  (fac'-yu-la) .  A  small  spot  on  the  sun 
brighter  than  the  rest  of  the  photosphere.  Astrono- 
my, Light-Darkness. 

fac'-ul-ties.  The  powers  of  the  mind.  Mind-Imbe- 
cility; in  possession  of  one's  faculties,  Saneness- 
Lunacy. 

fac'-ul-ty.  A  special  power  of  mind  or  body;  a  body  of 
instructors.  Occupation,  Might-Impotence,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness. 

fac-un'-di-ty.    Eloquence.  Speech-Inarticulateness. 

fad.  A  hobby.  Decision-Misjudgment,  Persist- 
ence-Whim. 

fad'-dle.     To  trifle.     Activity-Indolence. 

fade.  To  disappear  gradually;  to  lose  freshness.  Ap- 
pearance -  Disappearance,  Betterment  -  Deteri- 
oration, Color-'Achromatism,  Dimness,  Last- 
ingness  -  Transientness,  Novelty  -  Antiquity, 
Strength-Weakness,  Substance-Nullity;  fade 
from  memory,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

fade.     Insipid.     Savor-Tastelessness. 

fa'-ded.     Without  vigor  or  energy.     Style. 

fade'-less.     Unfading.     Mutability-Stability. 


FADGE. 


389 


FAITH— MISGIVING. 


fedge.     To  suit;  succeed.     Harmony-Discord. 

fa'-ding.  Losing  its  color.  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance. 

faces  [L.]  (fi'-siz).  Excrement.  Betterment- De- 
terioration, Nutriment-Excretion. 

fax  populi  [L.]  (fex  pop'-yu-lai) .  The  dregs  of  the 
people.     Gentility-Democracy. 

fag.  A  drudge;  a  rough  spot  in  goods.  Agent,  Toil- 
Relaxation;  fag-end,  Beginning-End,  Increment- 
Remnant. 

lag'-ging.     Drudging.     Toil-Relaxation. 

fag'-ot.  A  bundle.  Combustible,  Gathering-Scat- 
tering. 

fa-got'-to.     The  bassoon.     Musical  Instruments. 

fagots  et  fagots  [F.]  (fa-goz'  e  fa-go').  AH  men  are 
not  alike.  Differentiation  -  Indiscrimination, 
Variation. 

Fah'-ren-heit.  Pertaining  to  that  thermometer-scale 
in  which  the  boiling  point  is  2 1 2°  and  the  freezing 
point  320.     Thermometer. 

fa"-ience'.  Highly  decorated  earthenware.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Contents-Receiver. 

fail .  To  forsake ;  to  prove  defective ;  to  become  in- 
solvent. Duty- Dereliction,  Goodness -Bad- 
ness, Observance- Nonobservance,  Proof -Dis- 
proof, Settlement- Default,  Skill- Unskilful- 
ness,  Strength -Weakness,  Success -Failure, 
Transcursion-Shortcoming,  Truth-Error. 

fail'-ing.  A  minor  fault;  the  act  of  becoming  bank- 
rupt. Duty-Dereliction,  Entirety-Deficiency, 
Excess -Lack,  Innocence -Guilt,  Observance- 
Nonobservance,  Proof-Disproof,  Settlement- 
Default,  Strength-Weakness,  Success-Failure, 
Transcursion-Shortcoming,  Virtue-Vice;  failing 
heart,  Lightheartedness-Dejection;  failing  luck, 
Welfare-Misfortune;  failing  memory,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness;  failing  sight,  Sight-Dim- 
sightedness;  failing  strength,  Strength-Weak- 
ness. 

faille.     A  nun's  hood.     Dress-Undress. 

fail'-ure.  The  act  of  failing;  bankruptcy.  Duty-De- 
reliction, Innocence-Guilt,  Observance-Nonob- 
servance,  Ration  ale-Luck, Settlement-Default, 
Skill-Unskilfulness,  Success-Failure,  Trans- 
cursion-Shortcoming, Virtue-Vice,  Welfare- 
Misfortune. 

fain.  Willing.  Coercion,  Desire-Distaste,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance. 

faineant  [F.]  (fe-nd-an')-  Lazy.  Activity-Indo- 
lence. 

faint.  To  swoon;  to  despond;  to  vanish.  Coercion, 
Color -Achromatism,  Desire- Distaste,  Dim- 
ness, Increment -Remnant,  Loudness- Faint- 
ness,  Might-Impotence,  Readiness-Reluctance, 
Strength-Weakness,  Weariness-Refreshment; 
faint  heart,  Bravery-Cowardice;  Sanguineness- 
Timidity,  damn  with  faint  praise,  Adulation- Dis- 
paragement, Approval- Disapproval,  Regard- 
Scorn. 

faint'-ing.     Swooning.     Weariness-Refreshment. 

faint'-ish.       Rather      faint.       Strength  -  Weakness. 

faint'-ly.      Not   distinctly.       Magnitude  -Smallness. 


faint'-ness.  Want  of  vigor.  Faintness,  Loudness, 
Weariness-Refreshment. 

fair.  Clear;  equitable;  not  dark;  beautiful;  mod- 
erately satisfactory.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Color- 
Achromatism,  Consequence  -  Insignificance, 
Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Goodness-Badness, 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Market,  Right-Wrong, 
Sagacity-Incapacity,  Uprightness-Dishonesty, 
Whiteness-Blackness;  by  fair  means  or  foul,  In- 
strumentality; fair  chance,  Likelihood-Unlike- 
lihood; fair  copy,  Copy-Model,  Writing-Print- 
ing; fair  field,  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness, 
Right-Wrong;  fair  game,  Society-Laughing- 
stock; fair  name,  Reputation-Discredit;  fair 
play,  Right- Wrong,  Uprightness-Dishonesty; 
fair  question,  Investigation-Answer;  fair  sex, 
Male-Female;  fair  weather,  Welfare-Misfor- 
tune; fair  wind,  Difficulty-Facility,  Welfare- 
Misfortune;  fair  words,  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness; in  a  fair  way,  Conservation,  Inclination, 
Likelihood-Unlikelihood,  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness,  Welfare-Misfortune;  Vanity  Fair,  So- 
ciety-Ludicrousness. 

faire  I'aimable  [F.]  (fer  le-mabl') .  To  do  the  elegant 
talking.     Action-Passiveness. 

faire  sans  dire  [F.]  (fer  son"  dire).  To  act  without 
speaking. 

faire,  savoir  [F.]  (ffir,  sa-vwar').  To  know  just 
what  to  do.     Society-Ludicrousness. 

fair'-ing.     A  present.     Giving-Receiving. 

fair'-ly.  Equitably;  reasonably;  beautifully.  Subject- 
iveness-Objectiveness;  get  on  fairly,  Mediocrity. 

fair'-ness.  Honesty;  free  from  spots  or  stains.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

fair'-spo"-ken.  Plausible.  Adulation-Disparage, 
ment,  Politeness- Impoliteness. 

fair'-way".  The  proper  course  through  a  channel 
Traveling-Navigation. 

fair'-weath"-er.  Clear  weather,  especially  for  travel- 
ing. Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Traveling 
Navigation. 

fair'y.  An  imaginary  being  supposed  to  change  th» 
form  at  will.  Devotion-Magician,  Fancy,  Jove 
Fiend;  fairy  tale,  Account. 

fair'-y-land".    The  fancied  abode  of  the  fairies.    Fancy 

fair'-y-like".  Resembling  a  fairy.  Fancy,  Jove- 
Fiend. 

fait,  an  [F.]  (fe,  o).  In  fact.  Knowledge-Igno. 
rance,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

fait  accompli  [F.]  (fet  a-con"-pli').  An  accomplished 
fact.     Certainty-Doubt. 

fait  a  peindre  [F  ]  (fet  a  paivdr).  A  model  for  a 
painter.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

faith.  Belief;  a  religious  creed  or  article;  fidelity. 
Faith-Misgiving,  Godliness-Ungodliness,  San- 
guinen  ess-Hopelessness,  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty; declaration  of  faith,  Theology;  i*  faith, 
Assertion-Denial;  keep  faith  with,  Observance- 
Nonobservance,  Uprightness-Dishonesty  ;  plight 
faith,  Engagement-Release;  true  faith,  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy ;  want  of  faith,  Credulousness- 
Skepticism,  Godliness-Disbelief. 


FAITH— MISGIVING. 


Assent.     Concurrence  in  opinion. 
Assurance.     Freedom  from  doubt. 
Belief.     Assent  to  the  truth  of  reasons. 

Calm  belief.     \  A  belief  or  opinion  arrived    at  without  passion   or 
Calm  opinion.  1       emotion. 
Certainty.     Infallible  proof  or  accuracy. 
Conception.     An  idea  formed  in  the  mind  on  any  subject. 
Conclusion.     Anything  believed  as  a  result  of  reasoning.     See  De- 
cision. 
Confidence.     Implicit  belief  in  anything 


Change  of  opinion.     See  Faith. 

Demur.     Hesitation  in  deciding. 

Disbelief.     Positive  rejection  of  truth. 

Discredit.     State  of  being  disbelieved. 

Dissent.  Refusal  to  accept  something  proposed,  etc.  See  Assent- 
Dissent. 

Distrust.     Lack  of  confidence  or  reliance. 

Doubt.  Unsettled  opinion  concerning  anything,  etc.  See  Certain- 
ty-Doubt. 

Incredibility.     State  of  being  difficult  to  believe. 


FAITH. 


390 


MISGIVING. 


FAITH— MISGIVING — Continued. 


Conviction.     Belief  or  persuasion  concerning  our  most  important 

duties. 
Convince  me  nt.     State  of  being  convinced. 

Credence.     Reliance  on  evidence  other  than  personal  knowledge. 
Credenda  [L.].     Things  to  be  believed. 
Credibility.     Worthiness  of  belief.     See  Likelihood 
Credit.     Belief;  trust. 
Declaration  of  faith.     A  distinct  statement  of  one's  judgment  upon 

a  matter. 
Deep-rooted  belief.     \  A       tf  d  ^  f  which  fa  difficult  to  change. 
Deep-rooted  opinion.  ) 
Dependence  on.     Confidence  or  trust  in. 
Dispassionate  belief.     A  belief  not  influenced  by  passion. 
Dispassionate  opinion.     An  opinion  unaffected  by  passion. 
Doctrine.       That  which  is   held   as   true,    particularly  speculative 

belief. 
Dogma.     Something  held  as  an  opinion. 

Expectation.     Prospect  of  something  to  come.     See  Sanguineness. 
Faith.      An  earnest,  practical  belief. 

\  A  belief  or  opinion  not  easily  changed  or  excited. 


Firm  opinion.  J 
Fixed  belief. 
Fixed  opinion.) 


def  *     }  An  unalterable  belief  or  opinion . 


Impartial  belief.     \  A  belief  or  opinion  not  favoring  one  thing  more 

Impartial  opinion.-*       than  another. 

Implicit  belief.     j  A  beUef  or  opinion  wjthout  doubt  or  reserve. 

Implicit  opinion. ) 

Impression.     An  indistinct  belief. 


Inveterate  belief. 


'  A  belief  firmly  established. 


Inveterate  opinion.) 

Mind.     An  opinion  or  belief. 

Opinion.     A  conclusion  held  as  probable. 

Persuasion.  Belief,  resulting  from  the  action  of  the  will  and  leading 
to  action. 

Plerophory.     Full  conviction. 

Popular  belief.     See  Assent. 

Presumption.     A  judgment  of  whose  truth  there  is^  probability. 

Principle.     A  fundamental  belief. 

Profession  of  faith.     Open  acknowledgment  of  faith. 

Reliance  on.     Trust  on  or  confidence  in. 

Rooted  belief,     \  A  belief  or  opinion   growing  from  one's  character 

Rooted  opinion.  )       and  circumstances. 

Sanguine  expectation.     Confident  hope  or  belief. 

School.     The  body  of  the  beliefs  of  a  particular  class  or  age. 

Self-conviction.  Persuasion  of  the  truth  of  something  through  one- 
self or  of  oneself. 

Settled  belief,     j  A  .  d  t      t  easil    changed. 

Settled  opinion  J      J     s 

Sober  belief.     \  A  judgment  unaffected  by  passion. 

Sober  opinion.  J 

Staunch  belief,     j  A  constant  and  zeaious  belief  or  opinion. 

Staunch  opinion.  ) 

Steadfast  belief,     j  A  fifm  beHef  or      inion 

Steadfast  opinion.) 

Surmise.     A  belief  based  on  scanty  evidence.     See  Hypothesis. 

Tenet.     A  belief  or  doctrine. 

Thinking.     Opinion  formed  in  judgments. 

Troth.     Belief  or  faith. 

Trust.     Confident  belief. 

Uberritna  fides  [L.].     Abounding  faith. 

Unshaken  belief,     j  A  judgment  which  cannot  be  changed. 

Unshaken  opinion.) 

View.     Manner  of  looking  at  anything;  opinion. 

Way  of  thinking.     A  judgment  expressed  on  any  subject 

Well-founded  belief.     \  A    judgment   based    on    good  authority  or 

Well-founded  opinion.)      evidence. 

Faith — Associated  Nouns. 

Articles.     See  Orthodoxy. 

Canons.     Codes  of  belief. 

Catechism.     A  short  treatise  giving  in  catechetical  form  an  outline  of 

the  fundamental  principles  of  a  religious  creed. 
Creed.     A  formal  summary  of  fundamental  points  of  religious  belief. 
Propaganda.     A  plan  for  spreading  some  particular  doctrine. 
System  of  opinions.     A  statement  of  one's  convictions  on  religious 

subjects. 
Thirty-nine  Articles.     The  articles  of  belief  of  the  Church  of  England. 

Faith — Verbs. 
Account  as.     To  regard. 
Adopt  a  belief.     See  Nouns. 
Adopt  an  opinior       See  Nouns. 
Allow  some  weight  to.     To  have  some  confidence  in 


Incredibleness.     Incredibility. 

Incredulity.     Refusal  to  believe. 

Infidelity.     Lack  of  faith  in  the  inspiration  of  the  Scriptuies,  etc 

See  Godliness-Disbelief. 
Jealousy.     A  painful  apprehension  of  rivalry  in  cases  touching  our 

own  interest. 
Misbelief.     False  belief. 
Miscreance.     Adherence  to  a  false  faith. 
Misdoubt.     Hesitation. 
Misgiving.     Evil  apprehension. 
Mistrust.     Lack  of  confidence. 
Onus  probandi  [L.IJ.     The  burden  of  proving. 
Qualm.     Unrest  of  conscience. 
Retractation.     The  act  of  taking  back  what  has  been  said,  etc.     See 

Bigotry-Apostasy. 
Scruple.     Doubt  concerning  a  question  of  morality. 
Skepticism.     Doubt  concerning  the  doctrines  of  Christianity. 
Suspicion.     Act  of  mistrusting. 
Unbelief.     Lack  of  belief,  especially  in  divine  revelation. 

Misgiving — Agent. 
Unbeliever.     One  who  has  no  religious  faith. 

Misgiving — Verbs. 

Awake  a  doubt.    1  ~,  ,.  .       . 

.       ,  .  .        r  To  cause  distrust. 

Awake  suspicion.  J 

Be  doubtful.     See  Certainty-Doubt. 

Be  skeptical  as  to.     See  Adjectives. 

Bring  in  question.  | 

Call  in  question.    ) 

Cause  a  doubt.    1  ™  ,.  .       , 

-  .  .        r  lo  cause  distrust. 

Cause  suspicion.  > 

Cavil.     To  raise  objections  without  sufficient  reason. 

Challenge.     To  call  in  question. 

Demur.     To  hesitate. 

Deny.     To  declare  untrue,  etc.     See  Assertion-Denial. 

Dimde.     To  distrust. 

Disbelieve.     To  hold  to  be  untrue. 

Discredit.      Not  to  believe. 

Dispute.     To  deny  the  truth  of. 

Distrust.     Not  to  put  confidence  in. 

Doubt.     To  hesitate  to  believe;  to  stand  between  two. 

Doubt  the  truth  of.     To  disbelieve. 

Entertain  doubts.       \  , 

Entertain  suspicions.) 

Ergotize.     To  dispute. 

Hang  in  doubt.      1  , 

Hang  in  suspense.) 

Harbor  doubts.       \  , 

Harbor  suspicions.) 

Have  doubts.  "j 

Have  one's  doubts.  f  To  be  uncertain  of. 

Have  suspicions.     ) 

Hesitate.     To  be  in  suspense. 

Misbelieve.     To  believe  wrongly. 

Mistrust.     To  look  upon  with  suspicion. 

Not  believe.     See  Faith. 

Pause.     To  hesitate. 

Question.     To  doubt. 

Raise  a  doubt.      \ 

Raise  a  question .  >  To  regard  as  doubtful. 

Raise  suspicion,  j 

Refuse  to  admit.     See  Assent-Dissent. 

Refuse  to  believe.     See  Credulousness-Skepticism. 

Scent.     To  have  a  suspicion  of. 

Scruple.     To  hesitate. 

Shake  one's  belief.)  , 

Shake  one's  faith.  / 

Smell  a  rat.     To  have  reason  to  suspect. 

Smoke.     To  ferret  out. 

Stagger.     To  cause  to  hesitate. 

Stagger  one^s  belief.  |  Tq  cause  Qne  tQ  disbeHeve  or  waver> 

Stagger  ones  faith.  ) 

Start  a  doubt.     To  make  one  distrustful. 

Startle.     To  take  by  surprise. 

Start  suspicion.     To  cause  doubt. 

Stick  at.     To  hesitate. 

Suggest  a  doubt.    |  Tq  do  something  which  makes  one  doubtful 

Suggest  suspicion.) 

Suspect.     To  view  with  doubt. 

Throw  doubt  upon.     To  mistrust. 


■  To  be  uncertain. 


■  To  be  unsettled. 


To  mistrust. 


■  To  cause  a  doubt. 


FAITH. 


391 


FAITH— MISGIVING. 


FAITH— MISGIVING—  Continued. 


FAITH— Verbs— Continued. 
Apprehend.     To  lay  hold  of  mentally. 
Assume.     To  receive  without  evidence. 
Assure  oneself.     To  make  oneself  certain. 
Attach  some  weight  to.     To  believe  to  some  extent. 
Be  assured.     See  Adjectives. 
Be  current.     To  have  general  acceptance. 
Believe.     To  give  credence  to. 
Believe  in.     To  accept  as  true. 
Be  of  opinion.     To  have  a  judgment  on  a  question. 
Be  received.     See  Verbs. 
Bring  home  to.     To  prove  beyond  a  doubt. 
Bring  over.     To  convert  to  one's  opinion. 
Bring  round.     To  bring  to  a  desired  belief. 
Build  upon.     To  confidently  expect. 

Calculate  upon.     To  study  to  arrive  at  an  opinion  or  judgment. 
Carry  conviction.     To  make  others  have  the  same  opinion. 
Cause  to  be  believed.     To  convince. 
Cherish  a  belief. 
Cherish  an  opinion. 
Come  round  to  an  opinion.     To  accept  the  judgment  of  another. 
Conceive.     To  formulate  in  the  mind. 
Conceive  as.     To  have  an  opinion  of. 
Confide  in.     To  put  confidence  in. 
Consider.     To  weigh  carefully  in  the  mind. 
Count  upon.     To  place  faith  in. 
Convert.     To  change  from  one  belief  to  another. 
Convict.     To  arouse  to  the  consciousness  of  sin  or  guilt. 
Convince.     To  overcome  the  understanding  by  argument. 
Cram  down  the  throat.     To  force  an  opinion  on  any  one. 
Credit.     To  put  confidence  in 
Deem  as.     To  think  of  as. 
Depend  upon.     To  have  faith  in. 
Doubt  not.     To  believe. 
Drive  home  to.     To  impress. 

Embrace  a  belief.       1  Tq  ac       fc  h       d  another. 

Embrace  an  opinion  J  *  J 


To  have  a  judgment  of  one's  own. 


Embrace  an  opinion  J 

Entertain  a  belief.        I  To  h  judgment  upon  anything. 

Entertain  an  opinion  J  J  ^  *  *  ^^ 

Esteem.     To  have  a  favorable  opinion  of. 

Esteem  as.     To  consider  as. 

Fancy.     To  believe  without  good  evidence. 

Find  credence.     See  Nouns. 

Foster  a  belief .       j  T    encourage  a  belief  or  opinion. 

Foster  an  opinion.  i  * 

Gain  the  confidence  of.     To  get  one's  good  opinion. 

Get  hold  of  a  belief.       }  To  understand. 

Get  hold  of  an  opinion.  J 

Get  it  into  one's  head.     To  understand. 

Give  credence  to.") 

Give  credit  to.        >  To  accept  as  worthy  of  belief. 

Give  faith  to.        J 

Give  one  credit  for.     To  ascribe  a  judgment  to  a  person. 

Go  down.     To  be  received  as  true. 

Have  a  belief.        \  To  have  reached  a  conclusion  by  the  exercise  of 

Have  an  opinion.  >       judgment. 

Have  it.     To  understand  anything. 

Have  no  doubt.     To  believe  entirely. 

Have  the  ear  of.     To  gain  the  confidence  of. 

Hazard  a  belief.       1  To  express  an  opinion  upon  a  doubtful  ques- 

Hazard  an  opinion./      tion. 

Hold      To  receive,  as  an  opinion. 

Hold  a  belief.        IT    .  .         ,        , 

TT  , .  .  f  To  have  a  view  of  one  s  own. 

Hold  an  opinion.) 

Hold  as.     To  considr.-  as. 

_    . .,  .   :        (  To»accept  the  conclusion  of  another;  swallow. 

Imbibe  an  opinioi .>  r 

Indoctrinate.     Tc  instruct  in  principles  or  doctrines.    See  Education. 

Know.     To  be  fully  convinced  of. 

Know  for  certain.     To  regard  as  true. 

Lay  <  ne's  account  for.     To  trust. 

Lean  upon.     To  rest  upon  the  opinion  of  another. 

Look  upon  as.     To  consider  as. 

Make  no  doubt.     To  believe  fully. 

Make  oneself  easy  about.     To  be  certain  of. 

Make  oneself  easy  on  that  score.     To  have  no  doubt  of  a  matter 

Make  sure  of.     To  discover  the  truth  of. 

Make  up  one's  mind.     To  come  to  a  conclusion  by  the  exercise  of 

judgment. 

Nurture  a  belief.       )  , 

Nurture  an  opinion,  r 

Opine.     To  hold  an  opinion. 

Pass  current.     To  be  generally  accepted  as  true. 


M  i  sg  i  vi  n  g — A  djectives. 
Controvertible.     Admitting  of  debate.     See  Truth-Error. 
Disputable.     That  may  be  called  in  question, 
distrustful  of.     Uncertain  about. 
Doubtful.     Subject  to  doubt.     See  Certainty-Doubt. 
Doubting.     See  Verbs 

Fallible.     Capable  of  being  in  error.     See  Certainty-Doubt. 
Hard  to  believe.     Seemingly  doubtful. 
Inconceivable.     Not  capable  of  being  explained  by  the  human  intefc 

lect. 
Incredible.     Not  admitting  of  belief. 
Incredulous  as  to.     Doubtful  about. 
Not  to  be  believed.     Seeming  false  or  impossible. 
Open  to  doubt.        }  Uncertain. 
Open  to  suspicion.  J 

Questionable.     Admitting  of  question  or  suspicion. 
Skeptical  as  to.     Doubtful  about. 
Shy  of.     Avoiding  with  suspicion. 
Staggering.     See  Verbs. 
Suspect.     Doubtful. 
Suspicious.     Admitting  of  mistrust. 
Suspicious  of.     Distrustful. 
Unbelieving.     Doubtful. 

Undemonstrable.     Not  admitting  of  demonstration  or  proof. 
Undeserving  of  belief.     See  Faith. 
Unworthy  of  belief .     False;  incredible. 

Misgiving — Phrases. 

Credat  Judmus  Apella  [L.].     Let  Apella,  the  Jew,  believe  it  (t.  #. 

only  a  superstitious  person  will).    [Horace,  Satires,  4,  5,  106.] 
Cum  grano  satis  [L.J.     With  a  grain  of  salt. 

Fronti  nulla  fides  [L.|.     No  reliance  on  appearances.  [Juvenal,  a,  8 
Let  those  believe  who  may. 
Nintium  ne  crede  colori  [L.J.    Do  not  trust  too  much  to  looks.   [Virgil 

Eclogues,  2,  19.] 
Timeo  Danaos  et  dona  ferentes   [L.l     I  fear  the  Greeks  even  when 

they  bring  gifts.    [Virgil,  JEncidy  2,  492.] 
With  grains  of  allowance.     With  some  degree  of  doubt. 


FAITH— Verbs— Continued. 

Persuade.     To  bring  the  will  of  another  to  a  desired  decision. 

Persuade  oneself.     To  make  oneself  agree  to  a  certain  opinion  or  view 

Pin  one's  faith  upon.  \  —       ,    Ut>on 

Place  implicit  confidence  in./     o      y    p     .      . 

Place  reliance  on.     To  have  faith  in. 

Possess  a  belief.     )»••  Nouns. 

Possess  an  opinion.     See  Nouns. 

Possess  the  mi«d.     To  have  entire  control  of  a  person's  judgment. 

Presume.     To  take  as  true  without  examination  or  proof. 

Produce  conviction.     See  Nouns. 

Put  one's  trust  in.     To  have  full  faith  in. 

Realize.     To  impress  upon  the  mind  as  real. 

Receive.     To  accept  as  true. 

Reckon  upon.     To  depend  upon. 

Regard  as.     To  consider 

Regard  to.     To  relate  to. 

Rely  upon.     To  have  faith  in. 

Repose  implicit  confidence  in.     To  trust  fully. 

Rest  assured.     To  be  without  a  doubt. 

Rest  upon.     To  trust. 

Satisfy.     To  rid  of  doubt. 

Satisfy  oneself.    To  be  satisfied  as  far  as  one's  own  judgment  is  con* 

cerned. 
See.     To  perceive  with  the  mind. 

Set  down  as.  1  ™  .  , 

„  .  ,       f  To  consider  as. 

Set  down  for.) 

Surmise.     To  infer  on  scanty  evidence.     See  Hypothesis. 

Swallow.     To  accept  a  belief  without  scruple.     See  Credulousness. 

Swear  by.     To  place  implicit  confidence  in. 

Take  as.     To  consider  as. 

Take  at  one's  word.     To  trust. 

Take  for.    Consider  as 

Take  for  gospel.     To  accept  as  true. 

Take  for  granted.     To  accept  as  true  without  prx>f. 

Take  hold  of  the  mind.     To  influence  strongly. 

Take  it.     To  understand. 

Take  it  into  one's  head.     To  adopt  a  certain  belief. 

Take  on  credit.     To  accept  without  proof. 

Take  one's  word  for.     To  trust. 

Take  on  trust.     To  accept  without  proof  or  evid  mce 

Take  possession  of  the  mind.     To  imoress. 


FAITH. 


392 


FALL. 


FAITH— Verbs — Continued. 


Think.     To  arrive  at  a  conclusion. 

Trow.     To  believe  or  suppose. 

View  as.     To  consider  in  a  certain  light. 


Ween!.)  Tothink:  tofancy- 

Win  over.     To  have  an  opponent  accept  one's  belief. 


Faith — Adjectives. 


Accredited.     Having  trust  reposed  in. 

Assured.     Made  certain. 

Believed.     See  Verbs. 

Believing.     See  Verbs. 

Certain.     Not  admitting  of  doubt. 

Cocksure.     Very  certain. 

Commanding  belief.     Producing  belief. 

Confident.     Fully  assured. 

Confiding.     Having  faith  in. 

Convinced.     Fully  satisfied  by  proof. 

Credible.     Worthy  of  being  believed. 

Credulous.     Apt  to  believe  on  slight  proof,  etc.     See  Credulous- 

ness. 
Deserving  of  belief.     Worthy  of  belief. 
Doctrinal .     Pertaining  to  doctrine. 
Fiducial.     Indicative  of  faith. 

Fiduciary.     Pertaining  to  one  in  a  position  of  trust. 
Imbued  with.     Deeply  impressed  with. 
Impressed  with.     Strongly  influenced  by. 
Impressive.     Touching  the  conscience. 
Penetrated  with.     Believing  thoroughly  in. 


Persuasive.     Having  power  to  persuade. 

Positive.     Very  decided  in  opinion. 

Probable.     With  more  evidence  for  than  against.    See  Likblihooh 

Putative.     Commonly  supposed. 

Relating  to  belief.     Doctrinal. 

Reliable.     Worthy  of  confidence. 

Satisfactory.     Removing  doubt  from  the  mind. 

Satisfied.     See  Verbs. 

Secure.     Firm  in  opinion :  free  from  care. 

Sure.     Deserving  to  be  depended  on  ;  free  from  doubt. 

Suspectless.     Not  having  any  suspicion. 

To  be  depended  upon.     Worthy  of  belief. 

Trustworthy.     Worthy  of  confidence. 

Under  the  impression.     Having  a  particular  judgment. 

Unhesitating.     Without  hesitation. 

Unsuspected.     Not  suspected. 

Unsuspecting.     Not  mistrusting. 

Unsuspicious.     Not  inclined  to  suspect 

Void  of  suspicion.     Satisfied. 

Wedded  to.     Firmly  attached  to. 

Worthy  of  belief.     Credible. 


Faith — Adverbs,  etc. 


Be  assured;  depend  upon  it;  I  am  sure;  I  dare  say;  I  doubt  not;  I 
have  no  doubt;  I'il  warrant  you  (see  Assertion)  ;  in  the  eyes  of; 
in  the  opinion  of;  me  judice  [L.],  in  my  opinion;   meseems;  me- 


thinks;  rely  upon  it;  rest  assured; 
to  the  best  of  one's  belief. 


sure  enough  (see  Certainty); 


Faith — Phrases. 


Experlo  credite  [L.].     Believe  one  who  speaks  from  experience. 
Fata  viam  invenient  [L.].     The  Fates  will  discover  a  way. 


faith'-ful.  Trustworthy  in  the  performance  of  duty,  in 
the  fulfilment  of  promises,  etc. ;  true  in  detail ;  truth- 
ful; firm  in  faith.  Copy-Model,  Faith-Misgiving, 
Godliness-Ungodliness,  Insubordination-Obe- 
dience, Likeness-Unlikeness,  Observance-Non- 
observance,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness,  The- 
ology, Truth-Error,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

faith'-ful-ly.  In  a  faithful  manner.  Observance- 
Nonobservance. 

faith'-ful-ness.  Uprightness;  trustworthiness.  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

faith'-less.  Unfaithful;  untrustworthy;  unbelieving. 
Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty, Godliness-Disbelief. 

faith'-less-ness.  Lack  of  faithfulness.  Patriotism- 
Treason,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

fake.     A  deception.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

fa'-kir.  A  Mohammedan  or  Hindu  ascetic  or  mendi- 
cant devotee.     Ministry-Laity. 

fal-cade'.  The  leaping  action  of  a  frisky  horse. 
Spring-Dive. 

fal'-cate.  Sickle-shaped.  Angularity,  Curvation- 
Rectilinearity. 

fal'-ca-ted.  Sickle-shaped.  Angularity,  Curvation- 
Rectilinearity. 

fal'-chion.     A  broad,  curved  sword.     Weapon. 

Fal-cid'-i-an  law.  A  law  enacted  at  Rome  in  40  B.  C, 
making  it  compulsory  for  a  testator  to  leave  one- 
fourth  of  his  property  to  his  natural  heir.    Property. 

fal'-ci-form.  Curved  like  a  sickle.  Angularity, 
Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

fal'-con.     A  bird  of  prey  used  in  hunting.     Robber. 

fal'-con-er.  One  who  hunts  with  falcons.  Quest 
Evasion. 

fal'-co-net.     A  small  cannon.     Weapon. 

fald'-stool".  A  desk  at  which  the  litany  is  read.  Fane, 
Suspension-Support. 

fall.     To  drop;   to  befall;   to  be  slain;   to  go  down;   to 


Justitue  soror  incorrupta    Fides    [L.].     Uncorrupt  Faith,  sister  of 

Justice. 
Vide  et  crede  [L.].     See  and  believe. 

sin.  Ascent-Descent,  Creation-Destruction, 
Life-Death,  Morning-Evening,  Occurrence-Des- 
tiny, Parallelism-Inclination,  Progression- 
Retrogression,  River-Wind,  Success-Failure, 
Virtue-Vice,  Welfare-Misfortune  ;  fall  a  cursing, 
Charitableness-Curse;  fall  a  prey  to,  Liberty- 
Subjection,  Success-Failure;  fall  asleep,  Activ- 
ity-Indolence; fall  astern,  Anteriority-Posteri- 
ority; fall  at  one's  feet,  Yielding;  fall  away,  En- 
largement-Diminution, Increase-Decrease;  fall 
back,  Advance-Retrogression,  Approach-With- 
drawal, Renovation-Relapse;  fall  back  upon, 
Attack-Defense,  Use-Disuse;  fall  dead,  Life- 
Death;  fall  down,  Devotion-Idolatry;  fall  down 
before,  Regard-Disrespect;  fall  fiat  on  the  ear, 
Wittiness-Dulness;  fall  foul  of,  Impetus-Re- 
action; fall  from  one's  high  estate,  Reputation 
Discredit,  Welfare-Misfortune;  fall  from  the 
lips,  Speech-Inarticulateness;  fall  in,  Con- 
tinuity- Interruption,  Occurrence-  Destiny, 
Regularity- Irregularity;  fall  in  love  with, 
Blandishment,  Love-Hate;  fall  in  price,  Costli- 
ness-Cheapness; fall  in  the  way  of,  Presence-Ab- 
sence; fall  into,  Conversion-Reversion,  River- 
Wind;  fall  into  a  custom,  Conventionality-Uncon- 
ventionality,  Habit-Desuetude;  fall  into  a  ht:bit, 
Habit-Desuetude;  fall  into  a  passion,  Favorite- 
Anger;  fall  into  a  trap,  Gull-Deceiver,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness;  fall  into  decay,  Betterment-De- 
terioration; fall  into  oblivion,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness;  fall  into  raptures,  Pleasure-Pain; 
fall  in  with,  Concentration-Radiation,  Consent. 
Conventionality  -Unconventionality,  Discov- 
ery, Harmony-Discord,  Variance-Accord;  fall  of 
day,  Morning-Evening;  fall  off,  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Increase-Decrease,  Renovation- 
Relapse,  Union-Disunion:  fall  off  again,  Renova- 
tion-Relapse: fall  of  curtain,  Beginning-End:  fall 


FAU 


393 


FAN. 


of  snow,  Heat-Cold;  fall  of  the  leaf,  Morning- 
Evening;  fall  on  one's  knees,  Devotion-Idolatry, 
Petition-Expostulation,  Presumption-Obsequi- 
ousness, Thankfulness-Thanklessness,  Yield- 
ing; fall  out,  Amity-Hostility,  Occurrence-Des- 
tiny, Variance-Accord;  fall  short,  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Success-Fail- 
ure,       SUPREMACY-SUBORDINACY,       TrANSCURSION- 

Shortcoming;  fall  through,  Success-Failure, 
Transcursion-Shortcoming;  fall  to  one's  lot, 
Duty-Dereliction,  Giving-Receiving,  Occur- 
rence-Destiny, Rationale-Luck;  fall  to  pieces, 
Creation-Destruction,  Toughness-Brittleness, 
Union-Disunion;  fall  to  the  ground,  Creation- 
Destruction,  Proof-Disproof,  Success-Failure, 
Transcursion-Shortcoming;  fall  under,  Admis- 
sion-Exclusion, Liberty-Subjection;  fall  under 
one's  notice,  Heed-Disregard;  fall  upon,  Attack- 
Defense,  Design,  Discovery,  Expectation-Sur- 
prise; fall  upon  the  ear, Hearing-Deafness;  have 
to  fall  back  upon,  Provision-Waste;  let  fall,  Ele- 
vation -  Depression,  Enlightenment  -  Secrecy, 
Speech-Inarticulation;  waterfall,  River-Wind. 

fal-la'-cious.  Illogical;  fitted  to  deceive.  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct, Truth-Error. 

fal'-la-cy.  Error;  any  unsound  reasoning.  Ratioci- 
nation-Instinct, Truth-Error. 

fall'-en  an'-gel.  An  evil  spirit;  a  bad  man.  Angel- 
Satan,  Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

fal"-li-bil'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  fallible.  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt. 

fal'-li-ble.  Liable  to  error.  Certainty-Doubt,  Faith- 
Misgiving,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

fall'-ing.  Descending;  dropping.  Ascent-Descent, 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

fall'-ing  star.     A  shooting  star.     Universe. 

fal'-low.  Left  unseeded  after  tilling;  sallow.  Action- 
Passiveness,  Fertility-Sterility,  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation,  Yellowness-Purple. 

false.  Contrary  to  truth  or  fact ;  dishonest ;  temporary. 
Dueness-Undueness,  Patriotism-Treason,  Ra- 
tiocination-Casuistry, Truth-Error,  Truthful- 
ness-Falsehood, Truthfulness-Fabrication,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty; false  alarm,  Alarm;  false 
coloring,  Gull-Hyperbole,  Interpretation-Mis- 
interpretation, Truthfulness-Falsehood;  false 
construction,  Interpretation-Misinterpretation, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood;  false  doctrine,  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy; false  expectation,  Expectation- 
Disappointment,  Expectation-Surprise;  false- 
hearted, Uprightness-Dishonesty;  false  impression, 
Truth-Error;  false  light,  Sight-Djmsightedness, 
Truth-Error;  false  money,  Money;  false  ornament, 
Taste- Vulgarity;  false  plea,  Pretext,  Truthful- 
ness-Fabrication; false  position,  Difficulty-Fa- 
cility; false  pretenses,  Theft;  false  prophet,  Expec- 
tation-Disappointment; false  reasoning,  Ratioci- 
nation-Casuistry; false  scent,  Education -Mis- 
teaching,  Truth-Error;  false  shame,  Society- 
Affectation;  false  statement,  Truthfulness-Fab- 
rication; false  step,  Success-Failure;  false  teach- 
ing, Education-Miste aching;  false  witness,  Adula- 
tion-Disparagement, Gull-Deceiver. 

false'-faced".  Hypocritical.  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty. 

false'-hood.  An  intentional  untruth;  fallacy.  Truth- 
fulness-Fabrication,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

false'-ly.  In  a  false  manner.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

false'-ness.  The  state  of  being  false.  Truthfulness- 
Fraud,  Virtue-Vice. 

fal-set'-to.  Shrill;  the  tones  higher  than  the  chest- 
voice. Cacophony,  Speech-Inarticulation,  Vo- 
calization-Muteness. 


falsi  crimen  [L.]  (fal'-sai  crai'-men).  The  crime  of 
forgery.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

fal"-si-fi-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  falsifying.  Tidings, 
Truthfulness  -  Fabrication,  Truthfulness- 

Falsehood. 

fal'-si-fied.     Made  false.     Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

fal'-si-fy.  To  make  deceptive;  to  disprove.  Truth- 
Error,  Truthfulness-Falsehood;  falsify  accounts, 
Accounts;  falsify  one's  hope,  Expectation-Disap- 
pointment. 

fals'-ism.  A  self-evident  falsity.  Truth-Error, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

fal'-si-ty.  The  quality  of  being  false.  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

falsus  in  uno,  falsus  in  omnibus  [L.]  (fal'-sus  in  yu'-no, 
fal'-sus  in  om'-ni-bus) .  False  in  one  point,  false  in 
all.    Entirety-Deficiency,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

fal'-ter.  To  speak  with  broken  utterance  or  act  with 
weakness.  Determination- Vacillation,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness.Sanguineness-Timidity, 
Speech  -  Inarticulateness,  Success  -  Failure, 
Swiftness-Slowness. 

fal'-ter-ing  ac'-cents.  Broken  or  undecided  utterance. 
Determination-Vacillation. 

jama  semper  vivat  [L.]  (fe'-ma  sem'-per  vai'-vat).  May 
his  fame  live  forever.    Reputation-Discredit. 

fame.  Renown;  report.  Reputation-Discredit, 
Tidings-Mystery. 

famed.     Renowned.     Reputation-Discredit. 

fa-mil'-iar.  Well  known;  free  from  affectation.  Amity- 
Hostility,  Habit-Desuetude,  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Sociability- 
Privacy;  familiar  spirit,  Jove-Fiend;  on  familiar 
terms,  Amity-Hostility. 

fa-mil"-i-ar'-i-ty.  Intimacy.  Amity -Hostility, 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Sociability-Privacy. 

fa-mil'-iar-ize.  To  make  familiar.  Education-Mis- 
teaching,  Habit-Desuetude. 

Fam'-i-list.  One  of  a  sect  called  the  Family  of  Love, 
which  rose  in  the  sixteenth  century.  Love-Hate, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

fam"-i-lis'-te-ry.  A  family  in  which  all  things  are 
common.     Association. 

famille  [F.]  (fa-miy').    Family.    Sociability-Privacy. 

fam'-i-ly.  A  group  of  persons  consisting  of  a  father, 
mother,  and  their  children;  a  number  of  persons 
sprung  from  one  ancestor;  a  clan,  tribe,  or  nation. 
Association,  Division,  Parentage-Progeny,  Re- 
lationship; family  circle,  Sociability-Privacy; 
family  jars,  Variance-Accord;  family  likeness, 
Likeness-Unlikeness;  family  tie,  Relationship; 
happy  family,  Variance-Accord;  in  the  bosom  of 
one's  family,  Outside-Inside;  in  the  family  way, 
Creation-Destruction. 

fam'-ine.  Great  scarcity  of  anything,  especially  food. 
Excess-Lack;  famine  price,  Costliness-Cheap- 
ness. 

fam'-ine-strick'-en.  Afflicted  by  famine.  Excess-Lack. 

fam'-ish.  To  starve;  to  suffer  extremity  of  hunger  or 
thirst.  Extravagance-Avarice,  Fasting-Glut- 
tony. 

fam'-ished.  Starved;  in  extremity  of  hunger  cr  thirst. 
Desire-Distaste,  Excess-Lack. 

fam'-ish-ment.     State  of  being  famished.     Austerity. 

fa'-mous.     Renowned.     Reputation-Discredit. 

fa'-mous-ly.  In  a  famous  manner.  Magnitude- 
Smallness. 

fa'-mous-ness.  The  staje  of  being  famous.  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit. 

fam'-u-list.  In  Oxford  University,  an  attendant. 
Instructor-Pupil. 

fan.  To  agitate  the  air  round  or  upon  by  any  device; 
to  excite.  Excitation,  Heating-Cooling,  River- 
Wind,  Weariness-Refreshment;  fan  into  a  flame. 


FAN. 


394 


FANCY. 


Excitation,  Favorite-Anger;  fan  the  embers, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  fan  the  flame,  Al- 
leviation-Aggravation, Excitation,  Heating- 
Cooling,  Obstruction-Help;  flirt  a  fan,  Society- 
Affectation. 

fa-nat'-ic.  One  who  is  actuated  by  intemperate  zeal, 
usually  in  religious  matters.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Conversation-Monologue,  Fancy,  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy,  Patriotism-Treason,  Saneness- 
Maniac. 

fa-nat'-ic-al.  Actuated  by  extravagant  zeal.  De- 
cision-mlsjudgment,  emotion,  excitability-inex- 
citability,  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Patriotism- 
Treason,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

fa-nat'-i-cism.  The  spirit  or  conduct  characteristic  of 
a  fanatic;  irrational  zeal.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Emo- 
tion, Excitability-Inexcitability,  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

fan'-ci-ful.  Produced  by  fancy;  unreal;  whimsical. 
Fancy,  Persistence-Whim,  Society-Ludicrous- 
ness. 

fan'-cy.  To  suppose  or  believe  without  substantial 
grounds;  to  take  pleasure  in;  have  a  notion;  extrava- 
gant. Belligerent,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Choice- 
Neutrality,  Conception-Theme,  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Faith-Misgiving,  Fancy,  Hypothesis,  Love- 
Hate,  Mind-Imbecility,  Reflection-Vacancy, 
Wittiness-Dulness;  after  one's  fancy,  Love-Hate, 
Taste-Vulgarity;  fancy  dog,  Fauna-Flora;  in- 
dulge one's  fancy,  Choice-Neutrality;  take  a  fancy 
to,  Desire-Distaste,  Love-Hate,  Pleasure-Pain; 
take  one's  fancy,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

FANCY. 

Castle-building.     Forming  imaginary  schemes. 

Conceit.     Flattering  imagination  of  one's  own  worth. 

Conception.     The  faculty  of  forming  an  idea  in  the  mind. 

Dreaming.     Imagining. 

Ecstasy.     Rapturous  imaginations. 

Excogitation.     Invention ;  contrivance. 

Fancy.  Combination  of  mental  images  without  regard  to  reason. 
Ardent — ,  boiling — ,  bold — ,  daring — ,  excited — ,  fertile — ,  fiery — , 
heated — ,  lively — ,  playful — ,  sanguine — ,  warm — ,  wild — fancy. 

Fantasy.     Grotesque  imagination;  a  mental  caprice. 

Frenzy.     Violent  imagination. 

Idealism.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  imaginary. 

Ideality.     The  condition  or  character  of  being  imaginary. 

Illusion.     An  unreal  imagination. 

Imagery.     Collection  of  images. 

Imagination.  The  power  of  producing  mental  images.  Ardent — , 
boiling — ,  bold — t  daring — ,  excited — ,  fertile — ,  fiery — ,  heated — , 
lively — ,  playful — ,  sanguine — f  warm — ,  wild — imagination. 

Inspiration.  A  kindling  influence.  "And  still  He  breatheth  and  in- 
spireth  light  into  the  face  of  His  chosen."  [Bacon,  Essay  on  Truth.] 

Invention.  The  act  of  discovering  something  new;  the  creative 
faculty  in  art,  especially  useful  art. 

Originality.  The  quality  or  power  of  being  able  to  imagine  some- 
thing new. 

Phrensy.     See  Frenzy. 

Reverie.     Listless  fancy  or  musing. 

Romanticism.  An  imaginative  or  visionary  style,  like  that  of  the 
tales  written  in  the  Romance  languages,  and  in  contrast  with  the 
classic  writings  of  Greece  and  Rome. 

Somnambulism.     The  act  of  walking  in  one's  sleep. 

Utopianism.  The  imaginings  of  a  Utopian;  optimism.  [More,  Utopia.] 

Verve  [F.].     Animation;  spirit. 

Vorstellung  [G.].     Idea;  image. 

Fancy — Associated  Nouns. 

*"A  fine  frenzy."  A  violent  agitation  approaching  temporary  deliri- 
um.   [Shakespeare,  Midsummer  Night's  Dream,  V,  i.] 

Air-drawn  dagger.     An  imaginary  dagger.    [Macbeth,  III,  iv.] 

Arabian  Nights.     A  collection  of  stories  of  the  Eastern  countries. 

Atlantis.  A  mythical  island,  located  by  Plato  and  ancient  writers 
in  the  far  West.       [Bacon,  New  Atlantis.] 

Bugbear.     An  imaginary  object  of  terror. 

Calenture.  A  delirious  fever  causing  vivid  and  dangerous  halluci- 
nations. 

Castle  in  the  air.     A  day-dream 


Chateau  en  Espagne  [F.J.     A  castle  in  Spain,  a  boasted  castle  of  a 

Spanish  adventurer;  a  baseless  vision. 
Chimera.     An  absurd  creation  of  the  imagination. 
Cloudland.     The  realm  of  imagination. 


Coinage  of  the  brain.  \  , 
siaj 


maginings. 


Creation  of  the  brain. - 

Day-dream.     An  idle  exercise  of  the  imagination. 

Dream.     A  train  ot  thoughts,  or  images  passing  through  the  mind 

during  sleep. 
Dreamland.     The  realm  of  dreams. 
Dreams  of  Alnaschar.     Day-dreams,  from  the  dreams  of  the  Barber's 

brother  in  the  Arabian  Nights. 
Extravaganza  [It.].     A  fantastic  composition  in  music  or  drama. 
Fairyland.     An  imaginative  land. 

Fata  Morgana.     The  fairy  Morgana,  sister  of  King  Arthur 
Figment.     Something  invented  or  imagined.     See  Luminary. 
Flight  of  fancy.     Exercise  of  the  imagination. 
Flying  Dutchman.     A  legendary  spectral  ship  supposed  to  be  seen 

near  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  in  stormy  weather. 
Fumes  of  fancy.     Anything  unsubstantial  or  evanescent. 
Golden  dream.     Imagination  of  a  condition  of  great  happiness  and 

prosperity. 
Great  sea-serpent.    An  animal  of  snake-Hke  form  and  monstrous  size, 

believed  by  many  to  inhabit  the  ocean. 
Happy  valley.     The  realm  of  fancy. 
Kingdom  of  Micomicon.     Imaginary  kingdom. 
Land  of  Prester  John.     A  fabulous  empire  in  Asia. 
Le  pot  au  lait  [F.].     The  milk  pot. 

Maggot      The  larva  of  a  fly;  figuratively,  a  whim  or  fancy. 
Man  in  the  moon.     The  fancied  appearance  of  a  face  in  the  disk  of 

the  full  moon. 
Millennium.     A  period  of  a  thousand  years;  the  thousand  years  of 

the  kingdom  of  Christ  on  earth. 
Mind's  eye.     The  imagination. 
Myth.     An  imaginary  person,  object,  or  event  believed  real  by  old 

nations. 
Nightmare.     A  condition  in  sleep,  giving  the  sense  of  a  difficulty  or 

danger  from  which  one  cannot  escape. 
Phantasm.     An  apparition  or  optical  illusion. 
Phantom.     Something  that  exists  only  in  appearance.     See  Sight 

DlMSIGHTEDNESS. 

Rhapsody.  A  series  of  sentences  without  natural  connection.com 
posed  under  excitement,  often  characterised  by  extravagance. 

Romance.  A  form  of  prose  fiction  which  gives  scope  to  the  imagina- 
tion. 

Shadow.     An  image  produced  by  reflected  light. 

Stretch  of  the  imagination.     See  Gull-Hyperbole. 

"Such  stuff  as  dreams  are  made  of.'*  Visionary  objects.  [Shake, 
speare,  Tempest,  IV,  i.] 

Thick-coming  fancies.  Objects  presented  to  the  imagination. 
[Shakespeare,  Macbeth,  V,  iii.] 

Trance.  A  state  in  which  the  soul  seems  to  have  passed  into  another 
condition  or  to  be  rapt  into  visions. 

Utopia.  An  imaginary  island  having  a  perfect  social  and  political 
system,  described  by  Sir  Thomas  More. 

Vagary.     A  wandering  of  the  thoughts. 

Vapor.  That  which  is  fleeting  and  unsubstantial.  See  Viscidity- 
FoaM.  t 

Vision.  A  mental  representation  of  external  objects  or  scenes, 
hence  a  dream. 

Whim.     A  peculiar  fancy,  purpose,  or  notion. 

Whimsey.     A  whim  or  freak. 

Work  of  fiction.     A  picture  of  feigned  life.     See  Account 

Fancy — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Dreamer.     One  who  dreams  or  imagines. 

Idealist.     One  who  forms  ideas  that  exist  only  in  the  imagination. 

Mopus.     A  spiritless,  dreamy  person. 

Rhapsodist.     One  who  speaks  or.  writes  disconnectedly,  etc.     See 

Maniac. 
Romancer.     An  extravagantly  imaginative  story-teller. 
Romanticist.     One  who  favors  the  wonderful  and  fantastic  in  modern 

literature. 
Somnambulist.     One  who  walks  or  does  other  acts  during  sleep. 
Visionary.     An  imaginative  schemer. 

Fancy — Verbs, 

Coin.     To  invent.  , 

Conceive.     To  form  an  image  in  the  mind. 

Conjure  up  a  vision.     To  imagine. 

Crack  one's  invention.  To  exert  one's  imaginative  faculty  to  th« 

utmost. 
Create.     To  form  in  the  mind. 


FANCY. 


395 


FANE. 


Cudgel  one's  brains. 
Rack  one's  brains. 


To  exercise  one's  wita. 


(  ■ 
Ransack  one's  brains.  J 
Devise.     To  invent;  imagine. 
Dream.      I  .„  .  ... 

Dream  of  I        go  t"rou8n  in  imagination. 

Excogitate.     To  contrive;  devise. 

Fabricate.     To  concoct;  invent. 

Fancy. 

Fancy  to  oneself. 

Figure  to  oneself.         \  To  imagine  lightly. 

Picture  to  oneself. 

Represent  to  oneself. 

Float  in  the  mind.     To  be  vaguely  under  consideration. 

Give  a  loose  to  fancy, "» 

Give  play  to  fancy.      J- To  use  the  fancy  freely. 

Give  reins  to  fancy.     ) 

Give  a  loose  to  the  imagination,  j 

Give  play  to  the  imagination.      >To  use  the  imagination  freely. 

Give  reins  to  the  imagination.    J  , 

"Give  to  airy  nothing  a  local  habitation  and  a  name."     To  describe 

pictures  of  the  imagination.    [Shakespeare,  Midsummer  Night's 

Dreatn.  V,  i.] 
Idealize .     To  make  imaginary. 
Imagine.     To  form  an  image. 
Improvise.     To  compose  or  invent  orthand. 

Indulge  in  reverie.     To  yield  without  constraint  to  the  imagination. 
Invent.     To  devise  first;  contrive  by  ingenuity. 
Originate.     To  be  the  origin  of;  create. 
Realise.     To  cause  to  seem  real. 
Set  one's  wits  to  work.     To  be  actively  imaginative. 
Strain  one's  invention.     To  exert  one's  imaginative  faculty  to  the 

utmost. 
Strike  out  something  new.     To  imagine  and  produce  something  new. 
Suggest  itself.     See  Reflection. 
Vorstellen  [G.fl.     To  imagine;  conceive. 

Fancy — Adjectives* 

Air-built.     Chimerical;  fanciful. 

Air-drawn.     Imaginary. 

Bon  trovato  [It.].     Happily  invented. 

Chimerical.     Merely  fanciful. 

Creative.     Having  the  imaginative  faculty. 

Enthusiastic.     Filled  with  enthusiasm;  highly  imaginative. 

Extravagant.     Immoderate  in  imagination;  fantastic. 

Fabulous.     Imagined;  not  real. 

Fairy.     Produced  by  the  fairies,  as  fairy  rings,  fairy  gold. 

Fairylike.     Like  a  fairy. 

Fanatic.     Extravagant  in  opinions. 

Fanciful.     Imaginative. 

Fancy.     Extravagant;  imagined. 

Fantastical.     Imagined;  unreal. 

Fertile.     Inventive. 

Flighty.     Given  to  flights  of  fancy. 

High-flown.     Extravagant. 

Ideal.     Reaching  an  idea  above  the  forms  of  the  senses. 

Illusory.     Deceiving.     See  Truth-Error. 

Imaginary.     Existing  only  in  imagination. 

Imaginative.     Creative  or  constructive. 

Imagined.     Fancied,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Imagining,  etc.     Supposing,  etc.    See  Verbs. 

In  nubibus  [L.]      In  the  clouds. 

In  the  clouds.     In  the  realm  of  fancy. 

Inventive.     Imaginative. 

Legendary.     Consisting  of  legends. 

Mythic.     Imaginary. 

Mythological.     Pertaining  to  the  myths.     See  Nouns  above. 

Notional.     Existing  only  in  imagination. 

Original.     Imagined  for  the  first  time;  not  imitated. 

Quixotic.     Like  Don  Quixote;  'romantically  mad. 

Romantic.     Imaginative. 

Unreal.     Existing  in  imagination  only. 

Unsubstantial.     Lacking  in  substance;  visionary. 

Utopian.     Pertaining  to  Utopia  or  imaginary  perfection. 

Visionary.     Existing  in  imagination  only. 

Whimsical.     Fanciful;  freakish. 

Fancy — Phrases 
jEgrt  somnia  van  a  [L.J.     A  sick  man's  empty  dreams. 
Tous  songes  soitt  mensonges  [F.J.      Dreams  all  are  lies  all. 
Wahrheit  und  Dkhtung  [G.].     Fact  and  fable. 

fan-dan'-go.       A  Spanish  dance.        Entertainment- 
We\riness. 


fandi  mollia  tempora  [L.]  (fan'-dai,  mol'-H-a  tem'- 
por-a).  Favorable  opportunities  for  speaking. 
Conversation-Monologue. 

fane.     A  temple.     Fane. 

FANE. 

Abbey.     The  buildings  of  a  monastery  or  nunnery. 

Basilica  [L.].     A  Roman  building  of   rectangular  form  used  as  a 

temple. 
Bethel.     A  dissenting  church  of  England. 
Bishop's  palace.     The  house  in  which  a  bishop  resides. 
Calvary.     A  kind  of  chapel. 
Cathedral.     The  church  of  a  bishop. 
Chantry.      A  church  endowed  for  maintaining  masses. 
Chapel.     A  small  place  of  worship. 
Church.     A  building  dedicated  to  Christian  worship. 
Cloister.     A  monastery;  a  convent. 
Convent.     The  house  occupied  by  monks  or  nuns. 
Conventicle.     A  meeting  of  dissenters  from  the  established  Church. 
Dagoba.     A  B  uddhist  building  containing  religious  relics. 
Deanery.     The  residence  of  a  dean. 
Fane.     A  temple;  a  church. 
Friary.     A  convent  of  friars. 
Golgotha.     A  burial  house. 
House  of  God.      j  A  church    a  , 

House  of  prayer.  ) 
Joss-house.     A  Chinese  temple. 
Kiosk.     A  Turkish  temple 
Kirk.     A  Scotch  church. 
Manse.     The  dwelling-house  of  a  clergyman. 
Meeting-house.     A  place  of  worship. 
Minster.     A  cathedra',  church. 
Monastery.     A  house  of  religious  seclusion 
Mosque.     A  Mohammedan  temple. 
Nunnery.     The  residence  of  nuns. 
Pagoda.     A  Hindu  temple  for  idol  worship 
Pantheon.     A  temple  dedicated  to  all  the  gods. 
Parsonage.     The  residence  of  a  parson. 
Place  of  worship.     A  house  given  up  to  religious  services. 
Priory.     A  religious  house  in  dignity  below  an  abbey  presided  over  by 

a  prior  or  prioress. 
Rectory.     A  parish  church,  or  mansion  of  a  rector. 
Sacrarium.     The  sanctuary  of  a  church. 
Sanctuary.     A  house  consecrated  to  the  worship  of  God. 
Sanctum  sanctorum  [L  ].     The  Holy  of  Holies. 
Synagogue.     The  house  of  Jewish  worship. 
Tabernacle.     A  movable  temple  used  by  the  Jews  when  wandering  in 

the  wilderness. 
Temple.     A  building  dedicated  to  religious  worship. 
Tope.     A  Buddhist  monument  in  which  relics  are  preserved. 
Vatican.     The  Roman  palace  which  is  the  residence  of  the  Pope. 
Vicarage.     The  residence  of  a  vicar. 
Vihara.     A  Buddhist  idol-house  and  monastery 

Fane — Associated  Words. 

Aisle.     A  passageway  in  a  church. 

Altar.  A  raised  place  in  a  temple  on  which  sacrifices  are  burned  or 
communion  offered. 

Ambo.     A  desk  or  pulpit  in  a  church. 

Apse.  The  vaulted  end  of  a  church  in  which  the  altar  is  generally 
placed. 

Baldacchino  [It.].)         anopyused  in  church  services. 

Baldachin.  ) 

Baptistery.     That  part  of  a  church  in  which  baptism  is  given. 

Belfry.     A  bell  tower  attached  to  a  church 

Chancel.     That  part  of  a  church  in  which  the  altar  is  placed. 

Choir.     The  part  of  a  church  occupied  by  the  singers. 

Churchyard.     The  ground  adjoining  a  church,  used  as  a  cemetery. 

Cloisters.     The  arched  ways  running  around  monastic  walls. 

Communion  table.  The  table  in  a  church  at  which  the  communi- 
cants sit  or  kneel. 

Confessional.  A  compartment  in  a  church  in  which  the  priests  hear 
confession. 

Credence.  A  small  table  in  a  church  beside  the  communion  table  on 
which  the  bread  and  wine  are  placed  before  they  are  consecrated. 

Crypt.  That  part  of  a  church  below  the  floor,  sometimes  used  as  a 
chapel. 

Faldstool.     A  bishop's  chair. 

Font.     The  vessel  used  in  churches  for  holding  the  baptismal  water. 

Glebe.     The  land  belonging  to  a  parish  church. 

Holy  of  Holies.     The  innermost  apartment  of  the  Jewish  tabernacle 

Holy-place.     A  place  set  apart  and  consecrated  to  a  sacred  use- 


FANE. 


396 


FASCICULATED. 


Holy-table.     The  table  of  the  sacrament. 

Jesse.     A  large  candlestick  iised  in  a  church. 

Jubt  (F.j.     A  gallery  from  which  part  of  the  church-service  was  read. 

Lectern.     A  church  reading-desk. 

Lord's  table.     The  sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 

Marai.      A  sacred  enclosure  or  trmple;    sr -     ]    i    lyll<  i^nndersof 

tue  middle  an  1  sou'V-m  "  "H  ~c.  fV  •>> 
Nave.     The  part  of  a  church  between  the  aisles. 
Oratory.     A  place  for  private  devotions. 
Oriel.     A  private  chamber  in  a  church. 
Pew.     A  seat  in  a  church. 

Prothesis.      The  place  in  a  church  on  which  the  elements  of  the  sac- 
rament are  placed  before  consecration. 
Pulpit.     An  elevated  place  in  a  church  in  which  the  preacher  stands. 
Pyx.     In  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  a  covered  vessel  used  as  a 

repository  for  the  consecrated  host. 
Quire.     That  part  of  a  church  set  apart  for  the  singers;  a  choir. 
Reading-desk.     A  desk  at  which  reading  is  done;  a  pulpit. 
Sacristy.     A  church  apartment  for  storing  the  sacred  utensils  and 

vestments. 
Shrine.     A  box  for  holding  the  remains  of  departed  saints*  later, 

any  sacred  place. 
Stall.     A  fixed  seat  in  the  choir  or  chancel,  of  a  cathedral. 
Synagogue.     The  Jewish  house  of  worship. 
Table  of  the  Lord.     The  sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 
Transept.     The  transverse  part  of  a  church  built  in  the  form  of  a 

cross. 
Vestry.   A  room  appendant  to  a  church  where  the  vestments  are  kept 

and  the  clergy  robe  themselves. 

Fane — Adjectives. 
Claustral.      Pertaining  to  a  cloister.     See  Nouns. 
Cloistered.     Furnished  with  cloisters. 
Conventual.     Monastic. 
Moaasterial.\ 
Monastic. 

Fane — Phrases 
Nevilefatto  [L.J.     Let  there  be  nothing  vile  in  the  temple. 


Pertaining  to  monks  or  nuns;  ascetic. 


fan'-fare.  A  flourish  of  trumpets;  a  noisy  or  showy 
parade.     Loudness-Faintness,  Solemnization. 

fan"-fa-ron'.     A  bully.     Bragging-Brawler. 

fan-far"-o-nade'.  A  boastful  or  bullying  manner. 
Bragging. 

fangs.  A  long  pointed  tooth;  the  root  of  a  tooth. 
Keeping-Relinquishment,  Remedy-Bane,  Rule- 
License. 

fan'-light".  A  fan-shaped  window  over  a  door.  Aper- 
ture-Closure. 

fan'-like.  Resembling  a  fan.  Breadth-Narrow- 
ness. 

fan'-nel.  A  peculiar  striped  scarf  worn  at  mass  by 
the  pope  or  Eastern  bishops.     Vestments. 

fan'-ning.  Wafting;  producing  air  currents.  River- 
Wind. 

fan'-on.     A  Fannel. 

fan"-ta-si'-a.  A  fanciful  musical  composition  of  pecu- 
liar form.      Music. 

fan-tas'-tic.  Odd;  capricious;  fanciful.  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Conventionality-Unconventionality, 
Fancy,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

fan-tas'-tic-al.     Fanciful.     Fancy. 

fan'-ta-sy.  A  fantastic  design ;  the  form  of  representa- 
tion that  brings  before  the  mind  images  as  such, 
severed  from  their  ordinary  relations.  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Fancy. 

fantoccini  [It.]  (fan"-to-ch5'-n!) .  Puppets  run  by 
machinery,  often  to  represent  dramatic  scenes. 
Acting,  Delinsation-Caricature. 

fa-quir'.      Fakir. 

far.  Remote.  Far  and  near,  Extension-District; 
far  and  wide,  Extension-District,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Remoteness-Nearness;  far  away, 
Remoteness-Nearness;  far  be  it  from,  Petition- 
Expostulation,  Readiness-Reluctance;  far  be- 
tween, Interspace-Contact,  Multiplicity-Pau- 
city, Union-Disunion;  far  from  it,  Assertion- 
Denial,     Likeness-Unlikeness.     Transcursion- 


Shortcoming;    far  from  the  truth,  Truthfulness- 
Fabrication  ;  far  off,  Remoteness-Nearness. 

farce.  A  short  comedy  with  exaggerated  effects  and 
incidents;  a  ridiculous  proceeding.  Acting,  Adage- 
Nonsense,  Society-Derision,  Society-Ludicrous- 
ness, Truthfulness-Fraud,  Wittiness-Dulness;. 
mere  farce,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness. 

farceur  [F.]  (far-sur').  A  farce-player.  Acting, 
Society-Ludicrousness,  Wag. 

far'-ci-cal.  Ludicrous.  Acting,  Consequence-In- 
significance, Society-Ludicrousness. 

far'-del.  A  bundle.  Gathering-Scattering,  Ob- 
struction-Help. 

fare.  To  be  in  any  state,  good  or  bad;  food  and  drink ; 
passage-money.  Condition-Situation,    Nutri- 

ment-Excretion,   Price-Discount;     bill    of    fare, 
Record. 

fare,  fac  [L.]  (fe'-ri,  fac).  Speak,  do.  Action-Pas- 
siveness. 

fare'-well'.  A  parting  salutation;  a  taking  leave. 
Arrival-Departure,  Gain-Loss,  Quest-Abandon- 
ment; farewell  to  greatness,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

far'-famed".   Widely  known.    Reputation-Discredit. 

far'-f etched".  Brought  in  only  by  laborious  effort. 
Connection-Independence. 

far'-gone".  Advanced.  Betterment-Deterior- 
ation, Magnitude-Smallness,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

fa-ri'-na.  A  meal  or  flour  obtained  from  cereals, 
potatoes,  etc.     Friability. 

far"-i-na'-ceous.  Consisting  of  meal  or  flour.  Fri- 
ability. 

fori  qua  seniiat  [L.]  (fe'-rai  qui  sen'-shi-at) .  To  speak 
what  one  thinks.     Manifestation-Latency. 

farm.  A  tract  forming  a  single  property  devoted  to 
agriculture;  to  cultivate;  to  take  on  lease.  Domes- 
tication-Agriculture, Extension-Place,  Loan- 
Borrowing,  Property. 

farm'-er.  An  agriculturist;  one  who  collects  revenues- 
for  a  percentage.  Domestication-Agriculture; 
afternoon  farmer,  Activity-Indolence. 

farm'-house".  The  principal  dwelling  on  a  farm. 
Dweller-Habitation. 

farm'-ing.  The  business  of  cultivating  land.  Domes- 
tication-Agriculture. 

far'-ness.     Remoteness.     Remoteness-Nearness. 

far'-o.     A  game  of  cards.     Purpose-Luck. 

far'-o-bank".  The  proprietor's  risk  on  the  gar;  e. 
Purpose-Luck. 

far-ra'-go.  A  jumble.  Adage-Nonsense,  Regular- 
ity-Irregularity. 

far'-ri-er.     One  who  shoes  horses.     Agent. 

far'-row.  To  give  birth  to;  little  pig  or  pigs.  Cre- 
ation-Destruction, Multiplicity-Paucity,  Par- 
entage-Progeny. 

farse.  To  lengthen  the  church  service  by  insertion. 
Ceremonial. 

far'-see"-ing.     Having  foresight.     Prevision. 

far'-sight"-ed.  Long-sighted;  prescient.  Prevision, 
Sagacity-Incapacity.  . 

far'-ther.     More  distant.     Remoteness-Nearness. 

far'-thing.  The  smallest  English  monetary  unit.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Money,  Quadruplica- 
tion-Quadrisection,  Values;  farthing  candle, 
Dimness. 

far'-thin-gale.  A  woman's  hoop-skirt.  Dress-Undress. 

fas'-ces.  A  bundle  of  rods  enclosing  an  ax,  borne  by- 
lictors  as  a  symbol  of  power.     Scepter. 

fas'-ci-a.  Condensed  connective  tissue  forming  bands; 
a  fillet.     Circle-Winding,  Lamina-Fiber. 

fas-cic'u-la"-ted.  Grouped  in  a  fascicle.  Gathering- 
Scattering. 


FASCICULUS. 


397 


FASTING— GLUTTONY. 


fas-cic'-u-lus.  A  little  bundle.  Gathering-Scattering. 

fas'-ci-nate.  To  enchant;  captivate.  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Desire-Distaste,  Devotion-Magic, 
Excitation,  Love-Hate,  Motive-Caprice,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness. 

fas'-ci-na"-ted.     Captivated.     Pleasure-Pain. 

fas'-ci-nat"-ing.  Bewitching;  enchanting.  Love-Hate, 
Motive-Caprice,     Pleas  urableness-Painfulness. 

fas"-ci-na'-tion.  Enchantment.  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Devotion-Magic,  Excitabtlity-In- 
excitability,  Excitation,  Love-Hate,  Motive- 
Caprice,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

fas"-cine'.  A  fagot,  as  used  in  earthworks.  Gather- 
ing-Scattering. 

fas  et  nefas,  per  [L.]  (fas  et  ni'-fas,  per).  Through  right 
and  wrong.  Determination-Vacillation,  Instru- 
mentality. 

fash.     Worry.     Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

fash'-ion.  To  shape;  usage.  Condition-Situation, 
Form-Formlessness,  Habit-Desuetude,  Society- 
Ludicrousness,  Way;  after  a  fashion,  Magnitude- 
Smallness  ;  after  this  fashion,  Way  ;  be  in  the  fashion, 
Assent-Dissent;  follow  the  fashion,  Convention- 
ality -  Unconventionality,  Society  -  Ludicrous- 
ness;  for  fashion's  sake,  Society-Ludicrousness; 
height  of  fashion,  Society-Ludicrousness;  man  of 
fashion,  Society-Ludicrousness;  set  the  fashion, 
Dominance-Impotence,  Motive-Caprice,  Rule- 
License. 

fash'-ion-a-ble.  According  to  the  prevailing  form  or 
style.  Habit-Desuetude,  Reputation-Discredit, 
Society-Ludicrousness. 


fash'-ion-a-bly.  In  a  manner  according  to  the  prevail- 
ing practise.     Society-Ludicrousness. 

fast.  To  abstain  from  food  beyond  the  usual  time; 
firm;  steadfast;  lasting;  swift;  dissolute.  Bravery- 
Cowardice,  Ceremonial,  Devotion-Idolatry, 
Fasting  -  Gluttony,  Moderation  -  Voluptuary, 
Mutability-Stability,  Periodicity-Irregularity, 
Society  -  Ludicrousness,  Swiftness  -  Slowness, 
Union-Disunion  ;  fast  and  loose,  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Determination-Vacillation,  Persistence-Whim, 
Ratiocination  -  Instinct,  Truthfulness  -  False- 
hood; fast  asleep,  Activity-Indolence;  fast  by, 
Remoteness-Nearness;  fast  day,  Fasting-Glut- 
tony; fast  friend,  Friend-Foe;  fast  man,  Purity- 
Rake,  Society-Dandy;  stand  fast,  Mutation-Per- 
manence; stick  fast,  Difficulty-Facility. 

fast'-en.  To  make  fast;  to  affix;  to  cling.  Muta- 
bility-Stability, Release-Restraint,  Suspension- 
Support,  Union-Disunion;  fasten  a  quarrel  upon, 
Variance-Accord;  fasten  on  the  mind,  Mind-Im- 
becility; fasten  upon,  Taking-Restitution. 

fast'-en-ing.  The  act  of  making  fast;  that  which 
fastens.    Connective,  Suspension-Support. 

fast'-hand"-ed.     Miserly.     Extravagance-Avarice. 

fas-tid'-i-ous.  Hard  to  please.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

fas-tid'-i-ous-ness.  Overniceness.  Particularness, 
Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

fast'-ing.  The  act  of  abstaining  from  food.  Atone- 
ment, Austerity,  Devotion-Idolatry,  Fasting- 
Gluttony,  Readiness-Reluctance. 


FASTI  NG— GLUTTON  Y. 


Banyan-day.     A  day  of  poor  fare. 

Barmecide  feast.     An  imaginary  or  illusive  feast. 

Famishment.     Extreme  want. 

Fast.     The  time  of  abstaining  from  food,  or  from  certain  foods. 

Fast-day.     A  day  on  which  a  fast  is  kept. 

Fasting.     The  act  of  abstaining  partly  or  altogether  from  food  for  a 

time. 
Jour  maigre  [F.].     Fast-day. 
Lent.     A  fast  of  forty  days  kept  in  the  spring. 
Lenten  diet.     Sparing  diet.  * 

Lenten  entertainment.     Plain  entertainment. 
Meager  diet.     Diet  deficient  either  in  quantity  or  quality 
Quadragesima.     A  fast  of  forty  days. 

n  '  \  Annual  Mohammedan  feast  of  thirty  days. 

Ramazan.  ' 

Short  commons.     Sparing  fare. 

Soupe  maigre  [F.|.     Thin  soup 

Spare  diet.     Diet  deficient  in  quantity. 

Starvation.     Suffering  or  perishing  from  hunger. 

Xerogaphy.     Eating  of  dry  food. 

Fasting — Verbs. 
Clem.     To  starve. 
Dine  with  Duke  Humphrey.     To  be  dinnerless;  to  spend  the  hour  in 

St   Paul's  Church,  with  the  memories  of  the  Duke,  A.  D   1592. 
Famish.     To  suffer  or  die  from  hunger  or  thirst. 
Fast.     To  abstain  partly  or  altogether  from  food  for  a  time. 
Make  two  bites  of  a  cherry.     To  make  a  dinner  on  very  little  food. 
Perish  with  hunger.     To  starve. 
Starve.     To  suffer  or  die  from  hunger. 

Fa  sting — A  djcctivis . 
Fasting.     See  Verbs. 
Half-starved.     Reduced  by  hunger. 
Hungry.     Feeling  pain  from  want  of  food 
Lenten.     Pertaining  to  Lent;  sparing. 

Quadragesimal.     Pertaining  to  the  number  forty;  pertaining  to  Lent. 
Starved.     See  Verbs. 
Unfed.     Without  proper  nourishment. 


GLUTTONY— Verbs— Continued  from  Column  2. 

Gulp.     To  swallow  eagerly  and  in  large  drafts. 

Guttle.     To  devour  greedily. 

Guzzle.     To  drink  immoderately  or  hastily. 

Have  the  stomach  of  an  ostrich.     To  be  a  voracious  eater. 


Crapulence.     Sickness  from  intemperance  in  eating  or  drinking 

Edacity.     Excess  in  eating. 

Epicurism.     Refined  indulgence  in  food. 

Gastronomy.     Art  of  preparing  and  serving  appetizing  food. 

Gluttony.     Gross  indulgence  in  eating. 

Good  cheer.     Provisions  for  a  meal  or  feast. 

Good  living.     Rich  and  costly  food. 

Greed.     Excessive  appetite  for  food. 

Greediness.     See  Adjectives. 

Gulosity.     Excessive  fondness  for  the  pleasures  of  the  table. 

Guttling.     Gormandizing. 

Guzzling.     Swallowing  liquor  greedily. 

High  living.     Very  good  living. 

Voracity.     Habit  of  eating  much  and  hastily. 

Gluttony — Denotations. 

Apidus.  A  notorious  Roman  epicure;  hence,  whatever  is  peculiarly 
dainty  and  expensive  in  cookery. 

Batterie  de  cuisine  rF.fl.     Kitchen  utensils. 

Belly-god.     A  glutton. 

Blow-out.     A  jovial  feast. 

Bon-vivant  [F.]  A  high  liver. 

Cormorant.  Having  the  nature  of  a  cormorant;  hence,  a  greedy, 
rapacious  person 

Epicure.  One  who  cultivates  a  delicate  taste  for  eating  and  drink- 
ing. Epicurus  held  pleasure  to  be  the  highest  good,  his  followers 
chose  the  pleasures  of  the  senses. 

Feast.     An  abundant  and  sumptuous  repast. 

Gastronome.     A  judge  of  good  eating. 

Glutton.     One  who  gluts  himself  with  food  and  drink. 

Gourmand.     A  greedy  or  ravenous  feeder. 

Hog.     A  gluttonous  or  grasping  person. 

Gluttony — Verbs. 

Bolt.     To  swallow  hurriedly  without  chewing. 
Cram.     To  eat  beyond  satiety. 
Devour.     To  eat  ravenously. 
Eat  one's  fill.     To  eat  to  satiety. 

Eat  out  of  house  and  home.     To  consume  all  the  provision* 
Engorge .     To  gorge . 
Fill.     To  satisfy;  eat  to  satiety. 

Gobble  up.     To  swallow  eagerly  or  in  large  mouthful*. 
Gorge.     To  fill  the  stomach  with  food. 
Gormandize.     To  eat  greedily  and  ravenously. 
(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


FASTING. 


398 


FAULTLESSNESS— FAULTINESS. 


PASTING— GLUTTONY— Continued. 
GLUTTONY— Verbs— Continued. 


J  To 


Overeat  oneself. 

Overgorge  oneself.. 

Pamper.     To  indulge  in  luxurious  living. 


eat  to  excess. 


Play  a  good  knife  and  fork.     To  eat  a  good  hearty  meal 
Raven.     To  prey  upon  like  a  beast  of  prey. 
Stuff.     To  feed  gluttonously. 


Gluttony — Adjectives. 


Crapulent.     Sick  from  intemperance  in  eating  or  drinking. 

Edacious.     Eating  to  excess. 

Gluttonous.     Grossly  indulging  in  eating. 

Gormandizing.     See  Verbs. 

Greedy.     Having  an  excessive  appetite  f  01  food  or  drink. 

fast'-ness.  A  stronghold;  security.  Attack-Defense, 
Refuge-Pitfall. 

fat.  Corpulent;  containing  much  oil;  broad.  En- 
largement-Diminution, Greatness-Littleness, 
Pulpiness-Oiliness;  fat  in  the  fire,  Regularity- 
Irregularity,  Turbulence-Calmness;  fat  of  the 
land,  Enough,  Moderation-Selfindulgence,  Sen- 
suality-Suffering, Welfare-Misfortune;  kill  the 
fatted  calf,  Sociability-Privacy,  Solemnization. 

fata  morgana  [It.]  (fa'-ta  mor-ga'-na) .  A  mirage,  at- 
tributed to  the  fairy  Morgana.  Fancy,  Luminary- 
Shade,  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

Fata  obsiant  [L.]  (fa'-ta  ob'-stant) .  The  Fates  oppose. 
Volition-Obligation. 

fa'-tal.  Destructive.  Life-Death,  Life-Killing; 
fatal  disease,  Health-Sickness. 

fa'-tal-ism.  The  doctrine  that  every  event  is  predeter- 
mined and  inevitable.    Volition-Obligation. 

fa'-tal-ist.  One  who  maintains  that  all  things  happen 
by  inevitable  necessity.    Volition-Obligation. 

fa-tal'-i-ty.     Destiny.     Volition-Obligation. 

Fata  viam  invenient  [L.]  (fe'-ta  vai'-am  in-vi'-ni-ent) . 
The  Fates  will  discover  a  way.     Faith-Misgiving. 

fat'-brained".     Dull.     Wittiness-Dulness. 

fate.  Predetermined  and  inevitable  necessity;  lot. 
Beginning-End,  Purpose-Luck,  Rationale-Luck, 
Volition-Obligation;  be  one's  fate,  Rationale- 
Luck;  sure  as  fate,  Certainty-Doubt,  Volition- 
Obligation. 

fa'-ted.     Destined.     Volition-Obligation. 

Fates.  The  three  goddesses  who  were  supposed  to 
control  all  destinies.     Volition-Obligation. 

fat'-head"-ed.     Stupid.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

Fa'-ther.    God.    God  the  Father,  Divinity. 

fa'-ther.  The  male  parent  of  a  child;  one  looked  upon 
or  acting  as  a  father.  Ministry-Laity,  Parentage- 
Progeny;  Apostolical  fathers,  Revelation-Pseudo- 
revelation;  Father  of  His  Country,  Patriotism- 
Treason;  father  upon,  Rationale-Luck;  gathered 
to  one's  fathers,  Life-Death;  heavy  lather,  Acting. 

fa'-ther-land".  The  land  of  one's  birth.  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

fa'-ther-less.  Not  having  a  living  father.  Might- 
Impotence. 


Omnivorous.     Eating  food  of  all  kinds. 
Overfed.     Fed  to  excess. 
Overgorged.     Having  eaten  excessively. 
Pampered.     Reared  on  luxurious  food. 
Swinish.     Like  a  swine;  greedy;  beastly. 

fa'-ther-ly.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  father;  paternal. 
Charitableness-Malevolence. 

fath'-om.  To  sound;  to  discover  the  hidden  meaning; 
a  measure  of  length.  Discovery,  Investigation- 
Answer,  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Length-Short- 
ness, Measure,  Mensuration. 

fath'-om-less.  Unfathomable.  Deepness-Shallowness. 

fa-tid'-ic-al.     Able  to  prophesy.     Prophecy. 

fat"-i-ga'-tion.  Weariness.  Weariness-Refreshment. 

fa-tigue'.  To  tire  out;  weariness.  Weariness-Re- 
freshment. 

fa-tigued'.  Wearied.  Action-P..ssiveness,  Good- 
ness-Badness. 

fa-tigu'-ing.     Wearying.     Weariness-Refreshment. 

fat'-ling.  A  young  animal  fattened  for  slaughter. 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

fairas  [F.]  (fa-tra').  A  jumble.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance. 

f at'-ten.  To  make  or  become  fat ,  plump ,  or  productive ; 
to  grow  rich.  Betterment-Deterioration,  En- 
largement-Diminution, Welfare-Misfortune  ; 
fatten  on,  Presumption-Obsequiousness;  fatten 
upon,  Nutriment-Excretion. 

fat'-ty.     Greasy.     Pulpiness-Oiliness. 

fa-tu'-i-ty.  Foolishness  combined  with  obstinacy  or 
conceit;  imbecility.  Reflection-Vacancy,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity. 

fat'-u-ous.    Feeble  in  mind.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

fat'-wit"-ted.     Of  a  dull  wit.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

faubourg  [F.]  (fo-burg').  A  suburb.  Environment- 
Interposition. 

fau'-ces.     The  throat.     Border. 

faugh.     An  exclamation  of  disgust.     Desire-Distaste. 

fault.  A  slight  offense;  defect.  Continuity-Inter- 
ruption, Duty-Dereliction,  Faultlessness- 
Faultiness,  Geology,  Innocence-Guilt,  Success- 
Failure,  Truth-Error,  Virtue-Vice;  at  fault, 
Certainty-Doubt,  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness,  Success-Failure;  find  fault  with, 
Approval-Disapproval;  in  fault,  Innocence-Guilt. 

fault'-less.  Without  fault.  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness,  Innocence-Guilt. 

fault'-less-ness.     Perfection.     Faultlessness-Faulti- 


FAULTLESSNESS— FAULTINESS. 


Acme  of  perfection.     The  highest  point  of  perfection. 

Faultlessness.     Condition  or  state  of  being  without  fault,  blemish,  or 

defect. 
Impeccability.     The  quality  of  being  exempt  from  sin  or  error. 
Impecancy.     Sinlessness. 

Indefectibility.     The  quality  of  not  being  liable  to  failure  or  neglect. 
Ne  plus  ultra  [L.J.     Nothing  further;  hence,  perfection. 
Perfection.    The  highest  attainable  degree  of  development. 
Perfectness.     See  Adjectives. 

Pink.     The  embodiment  or  perfection  of  something. 
Pink  of  perfection.     The  embodiment  of  perfection. 
Standard.     A  criterion  set  by  common  consent. 
Summit.     The  highest  degree,  etc.     See  Top 

Superexcellence.     Extraordinary  excellence,  etc.     See  Goodness. 
Transcendence      Superior  excellence,  etc.     See  Supremacy. 
"Very  prince  of.     The  best  of  the  kind. 

Faultlessness — Denotations^  etc. 
Admirable  Crichton.     A  Scottish  gentleman  of  the  16th  century,  who 


Attainder.     The  state  of  being  in  dishonor;  extinction  of  civil  rights. 

Defect.     Want  of  something  necessary  to  perfectness  or  complete- 
ness. 

Deficiency.     The  state  or  quality  of  not  having  a  proper  or  adequate 
supply. 

Drawback.     A  loss  of  advantage ;  a  hindrance. 

Faultiness.     State  of  being  imperfect  or  defective. 

Immaturity.     The  state  of  being  unripe  or  not  fully  developed.     See 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

Imperfection.      Want  of  the  highest  degree  of  development. 

Imperfectness.     See  Adjectives. 

Inadequacy.     The  state  of  being  unequal  to  the  purpose.     See  Ex. 
cess-Lack. 

Mediocrity.     The  state  of  being  ordinary  or  of  a  middle  quality 

No  great  catch.     Of  little  importance. 

No  great  shakes.     Of  no  great  importance. 

Not  much  to  boast  of.     Something  or  some  person  not  worthv  of 
being  spoken  highly  of. 


FAULTLESSNESS. 


309 


FAULTINESS. 


FAULTLESSNESS— FAULTINESS 

FAULTLESSNESS— Denotations,  etc.— Continued. 
was  very  precocious  and  took  his  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  at  the 


-Continued. 


age  of  1 4 . 

Beau  ideal  [F  ]      A  perfect  model  of  beauty. 
Chrysolite.     A  yellow  topaz  used  as  a  gem. 
Cygne  noir  [F  ]      The  black  swan. 

Kohinoor.     The  largest  diamond  belonging  to  the  British  crown. 
Master-piece.     A  work  showing  the  hand  of  a  master. 
Mirror.     Whatever  reliects  or  clearly  represents   a  pattern. 
Model.     Something  to  be  imitated  or  patterned  after. 
Paragon.     A  model  or  pattern. 
Pattern.     Something  to  be  imitated. 
Philosopher's  stone.     A  fabled  stone,  formerly  sought  by  alchemists. 

which  was  supposed  to  turn  baser  metals  into  gold. 
Phenix.     A  bird  fabled  to  be  consumed  by  fire  at  its  own  wish,  and 

to  rise  again  from  its  ashes  more  beautiful  than  before. 
Trump.     The  most  attractive  article. 

Faultlessness — Verbs. 

Be  perfect.     See  Adjectives- 
Bring  to  perfection.     See  Nouns. 
Complete.     To  finish  or  perfect.     See  Completion. 
Mature.     To  arrive  at  the  state  of  full  development ;  complete. 
Perfect.     To  raise  to  a  perfect  state. 
Put  in  trim.     To  thoroughly  prepare.    See  Preparation. 
Ripen.     To  bring  to  completeness  or  perfection. 
Transcend.    To  surpass:  to  excel.     See  Supremacy. 

Faultlessness — Adjectives. 
Best.     Having  the  highest  degree  of  excellence,  etc.     See  Goodness. 
Beyond  all  praise.     See  Approval. 

Consummate.     Of  the  highest  quality,  etc.    See  Entirety. 
Divine.     Godlike;  excellent  in  the  highest  degree. 
Faultless.     Free  from  blemish. 

Finished.    Polished  in  the  highest  degree,  etc.     See  Completion. 
Free  from  Imperfection.     See  Faultlessness-Faultiness. 
Harmless.     Free  from  the  disposition  to  harm;  innocent. 
Immaculate.     Without  spot  or  blemish. 
Impeccable.     Not  liable  or  subject  to  sin. 
Indefectible.     Not  liable  to  defect  or  failure. 
Indefective.     Not  wanting  in  anything. 
Indeficient.     Full. 
Inimitable.     Surpassingly  excellent. 
In  perfect  condition ,     Faultless. 
In  seipso  totus  teres  atque  rotundus  [L.] 

itself.     [Horace.  Satires,  2.  7,  86] 
Intact.     Untouched  by  anything  harmful. 
Model.     Worthy  to  be  imitated. 

Perfect.     Having  all  that  is  needful  to  its  nature  and  kind. 
Right  as  a  trivet.     Standing  firm 
Sans  peur  et  sans  reproche  [F  ] 
Scatheless.     Unharmed. 
Seaworthy.     In  condition  to  go  on  a  voyage,  etc.     See  Usefulness. 
Sound.     Perfect  of  its  kind. 
Sound  as  a  roach.     Perfectly  sound. 
Spotless.     Free  from  spots,  pure. 
Standard.     Having  a  permanent  value. 
Superhuman.     Above  that  which  is  human. 
Unblemished.     Without  blemish  or  defect. 
Uninjured.     Not   injured   or   harmed.     See    Betterment-Detkri- 

oration. 
Unparagoned.     Without  an  equal. 
Unparalleled.     Having  no  parallel  or  equal.     See  Supremacy. 

Faultlessness — Adverbs, 
Ad  unguem  [L.].     To  the  nail;  exactly. 

Clean.     Entirely  . 

Clean  as  a  whistle.     The  highest  degree  of  cleanness  or  perfection. 
Perfectly.     See  Adjectives. 
To  perfection.     Exactly. 

Faultlessness — Phrase 
Das  Beste  ist  gut  genug  [G  ).     The  best  is  good  enough. 


All  smooth  and  round  in 


Without  fear  and  without  reproach. 


FAULTINESS— Adjectives— Continued  from  Column  2. 

Second-rate.     Of  the  second  class,  rank,  quality  or  value. 

Short-handed.      Lacking  in  the  regular  number  of  helpers. 

So-so .     Neither  very  good  nor  very  bad. 

Sprung.     Said  of  a  spar  that  has  been  cracked  or  strained. 

Tainted.     Corrupted. 

Tolerable.     Moderately  good. 


Peccancy.     The  quality  of  being  guilty  of  sin  or  transgression.     See 

Goodness-Badness. 
Screw  loose.     Something  out  of  order,  so  that  work  doesn't  go  along 

smoothly. 
Shortcoming.     The  act  of  falling  short.     See  Transcursion-Short- 

COMING. 

Weakness.     The  quality  of  being  lacking  in  strength,  power,  or  force. 
See  Force-Weakness. 

Faultiness — Denotations 

Bar  sinister.     A  mark  of  illegitimacy. 

Blemish.     A    disfiguring    mark.     See    Embellishment-Disficurb. 

ment 
Fault.     An  imperfection  or  defect  in  a  person  or  thing. 
Flaw.     An  inherent  defect.     See  Continuity-Interruption. 
Gap.     A  vacant  space.     See  Interspace. 
Half-blood.     One  whose  parents  are  of  diffeient  races. 
Hole  in  one's  coat.     An  imperfection. 
Taint.     A  spot  or  stain. 
Twist.     A  pulling  or  pushing  out  of  shape  or  place.    See  Proportion. 

Deformity. 
Weak  point.     An  imperfection. 

Faultiness — Verbs. 

Barely  pass  muster.     To  pass  through  inspection  with  difficulty. 

Be  imperfect.     See  Adjectives. 

Fall  short.     To  be  deficient.     See  Transcursion-Shortc&ming. 

Have  a  defect.     See  Nouns. 

Lie  under  a  disadvantage.     See  Nouns. 

Not  pass  muster.     Not  to  pass  through  inspection. 

Spring  a  leak.     To  begin  to  leak. 

Faultiness — Adjectives. 
Admissible.     Worthy  of  being  admitted ;  allowable. 
Average.     Of  middle  size,  quality,  or  ability.     See  Medium. 
Bearable.     That  can  be  endured. 
Below   its   full   complement.      Deficient  in   quantity,  number,  or 

amount. 
Below  its  full  strength.     Imperfect. 
Below  par.     At  a  discount. 
Couci-couci  [F .].     Indifferent;  so-so. 
Cracked.     Having  a  crack ,  broken. 
Crude.     Not  mature  or  perfect,  etc. 

aration 
Decent.     Moderate;  fairly  good. 
Defective.     Lacking  something. 
Deficient.     Wanting,  incomplete. 
Fair.     Middling,  average. 
Faulty.     Having  faults  or  defects. 
Found  wanting.     Deficient. 
Frail.     Easily  broken  or  destroyed,  etc. 
Good  enough.     Passable. 
Imperfect.     Wanting  in  some  of  its  parts. 

Inadequate,  etc.     Not  equal  to  the  purpose,  etc.     See  Excess-Lack. 
Incomplete,  etc.     Deficient  in  some  of  its  parts,  etc.     See  Entirety- 
Deficiency. 
Indifferent.     Neither  very  good,  nor  very  bad. 
Inferior.     Poor  or  mediocre. 
Injured,  etc.     Impaired  in  excellence  or  quality;  damaged,  etc.     See 

Betterment-Deterioration. 
Inobjectionable.     Not  deserving  of  disapproval ;  not  offensive. 
Lame.     Disabled  in  limb;  crippled. 

Leaky.     Allowing  water  or  other  fluid  to  leak  in  or  out. 

Mediocre.     Having  a  middle  quality 

Middling.     Of  middle  rank  or  quality. 

Milk  and  water.     Weak  and  vacillating. 

Moderately  good.     Of  the  average. 

Not  amiss.     Not  wrong  or  out  of  order. 

Not  bad.     A  little  below  the  average. 

Not  perfect.     See  Faultlessness. 

Only  better  than  nothing.     Faulty. 

Ordinary.     Of  common  rank  or  ability ;  inferior. 

Out  of  order.     Disarranged;  in  confusion. 

Out  of  tune.     Discordant,  not  in  agreeing  temper. 

Passable.     Such  as  may  be  allowed  to  pass;  mediocre. 

Peccant.     Guilty  of  sin  or  transmission.     See  Goodness-Badness. 

Pretty  good.   •) 

Pretty  well.     >  In  some  degree  good. 

Rather  good.  I 

Secondary.     Not  of  the  first  order  or  rate. 

Second  best.     Next  to  the  best. 

(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


See  Preparation-Nonpr 


See  Force-Weakness. 


FAULTLESSNESS— FAULTINESS. 


400 


FAUNA— FLORA. 


Under  its  full  complement.     Deficient  in  number, 
Under  its  full  strength.     Imperfect. 
Unsound.      Not  sound. 


FAULTINESS— Adjectives— Continued. 

Twisted  out  of  its  true  shape.    See  Proportion-Deform 


Warped. 

ITY. 

Well  enough. 


In  a  tolerable  degree. 


All  things  considered.     In  the  circumstances. 
Almost.      Nearly;  well-nigh. 
Considering.     After  all. 
Enough.     In  a  tolerable  degree. 
Moderately.     To  a  moderate  extent. 

Sutgit  amari  aliquid  [L.].     Something  bitter  rises. 


Faultiness — Adverbs. 

Only.     Merely;  simply;  barely. 

Pretty.     In  a  moderate  degree. 

Rather,  etc.     Somewhat;  in    some    degree,   etc. 

Smallness. 
To  a  limited  extent.     To  some  degree. 

Faultiness — Phrase. 


See    Magnitude- 


fault'-y.        Having  faults. 

ness,  Grammar-Solecism. 
faun.     A  deity  of  the  woods  and  herds 


Faultlessness-Faulti- 


JOVE-FlEND. 


fau'-na.       The  animals  inhabiting  a  given  area  or  exist- 
ing within  a  given  period.     Fauna-Flora. 


FAUNA— FLORA. 


Animal.     An  organized  living  body  possessing  sensation  and  power 

of  motion ;  a  sentient  being  lower  than  man. 
.Animalcule.     A  very  minute  animal.     See  Greatness-Littleness. 
Beast.     Any  irrational  animal  governed  by  animal  appetite. 
Brute.     An  animal  being  characterized  by  absence  of  intelligence. 
Created  being.     A  being  that  is  brought  into  existence. 
Creature.     A  living  being  or  animal  regarded  as  created. 
Creeping  thing.     Any  animal  that  creeps. 
Dumb  animal,    j  A  .       j  lower  than 

Dumb  creature .  J 

Fauna.     The  animals  occupying  a  section  of  country. 
Insect.     A  small  animal  whose  body  appears  almost  divided  into 

parts . 
Living  thing.      Any  being  endowed  with  life. 
Worm.     A  creeping  or  crawling  animal. 

Fauna — Denotations, 

Avis.     Natural  history  class  of  feathered  animals. 

Bovine.      Relating  to  bulls,  oxen,  and  cows. 

Bullock.     An  ox,  especially  a  beef -ox,  over  four  years  old. 

Cattle.      Domesticated  bovine  animals. 

Chanticleer.     A  cock. 

Cur.     A  mongrel,  worthless,  or  ugly  dog. 

Dicky.     An  ass,  male  or  female. 

Equine.     Relating  to  the  horse. 

Filly.     A  mare  colt  not  more  than  one  year  old. 

Free-Martin.     A  female  twin  calf,  whose  mate  is  a  male,  generally 
an  hermaphrodite. 

Gelding.     A  castrated  horse. 

Gib-cat.     A  castrated  cat. 

Grimalkin.     A  cat. 

Harrier.     A  buzzard-like  bird  which  preys  on  poultry. 

Hart.     The  male  of  the  red  deer. 

Kine.     Cows. 

Larva.     An  insect  in  the  grub  or  caterpillar  state. 

Mongrel.     The   progeny   resulting   from   the   crossing   of   different 
breeds. 

Partlet.     A  hen. 

Porcine.     Relating  to  or  resembling  swine. 

Poultry.      Domesticated  fowls. 

Roe.     A  variety  of  deer. 

Serpent.     A  scaly,  limbless  reptile. 

Stag.     The  male  of  the  red  deer. 

Tup.     A  male  sheep. 

Turnspit.      A  small  dog,  formerly  used  in  a  treadmill  to  turn  a  roast- 
ing spit. 

Vermin.      Noxious  creatures,  especially  small  animals,  worms,  and 
insects. 
t  Viper.     A  venomous  Old  World  snake. 
■  Vixen.     A  female  fox. 
I  Yak.     A  bovine  intermediate  between  the  bison  and  ox. 

Zebu.     The  In.lian  ox. 

Fauna — Associated  Words. 

Animal  kingdom.      One  of  the  divisions  of  nature  embracing  all  ani- 
mals. 
Beasts  of  the  field.     Cattle;   livestock. 
Birds.     Small  feathered  animals  that  fly. 
Brute  creation.      The  animals  lower  than  man. 
Domestic  animals.     Animals  trained  for  use. 
Feathered  songsters.  |  ^   birds 
Feathered  tribes.       ■* 


Annual.     A  plant  that  lives  but  one  year. 

Biennial.     A  plant  that  lives  for  two  years. 

Bush.     A  shrub  with  branches  near  the  foot. 

Creeper.     A  plant  that  runs  on  the  ground. 

Exotic.     A  plant  not  indigenous. 

Flora.     All  the  plants  of  a  given  section  of  country. 

Grass.     A  plant  on  which  horses  and  cattle  feed. 

Herb.     A  plant  that  does  not  have  a  woody  stem. 

Herbage.     The  vegetable  growth  upon  which  animals  feed. 

Perennial.     A  plant  that  lives  continuously. 

Plant.     A  completely  organized  vegetable. 

Shrub.     A  woody  plant  smaller  than  a  tree. 

Tree.     A  woody  plant  growing  to  considerable  height  and  perennial. 

Triennial.     A  plant  that  lives  three  years. 

Vegetable.     A  plant;  a  plant  used  for  food. 

Vegetable  kingdom.     Plant  life  in  general. 

Verdure.     Freshness  of  vegetation. 

Flora — Denotations. 

Bine.     Slender  stem  of  a  plant,  as  the  woodbine. 

Blossom.     The  flower  of  fruit  trees,  etc. 

Botany.     The  science  which  treats  of  plants. 

Bough.     A  branch  of  a  tree. 

Bracken.     The  brake  or  other  large  fern  of  temperate  regions. 

Branch.     A  subordinate  stem  of  a  plant  or  tree. 

Evergreens.     Plants  that  are  green  throughout  the  year. 

Fern.     A  flowerless  cryptogamous  plant. 

Flower.     The  blossom  or  bloom  of  a  plant. 

Flowering  plant.     A  plant  raised  for  its  flowers. 

Foliage.     Any  growth  of  leaves. 

Fruit-tree.     A  tree  producing  an  edible  fruit. 

Fungus.     A    cryptogamous    plant    deriving    nourishment    almost 

wholly  from  organic  compounds. 
Furze.     A  beautiful  flowering  evergreen  shrub. 
Gorse.     The  furze. 

Grass.     The  green  plant  on  which  cattle  feed. 
Heather      A  variety  of  shrub. 

Leaf.     An  appendage  growing  out  of  the  stems  of  plants. 
Legume.     The  fruit  of  the  bean  family. 
■  Lichen.     A  low  flowerless  plant. 
Lycopodium.     Club  moss;  a  small  evergreen  herbaceous  plant. 
Mold.     A  fungous  growth  on  food,  clothing,  walls,  etc. 
Moss.     A  delicate  cryptogamous  plant. 
Mushroom.     A  large  rapidly-growing  fungus. 
Pasture.     The  grass  or  herbage  that  cattle  eat. 
Pulse.     Plants  of  the  bean  family. 
Ramage.     Branches,  as  of  a  tree  or  shrub. 
Rush.     A  grass-like  herb. 
Sedge.     A  coarse  grass-like  plant. 
Timber-tree.     A  well-grown  tree  suitable  for  timber 
Toadstool.     An  umbrella -shaped  fungus. 
Turf.     A  mass  of  matted  roots  of  grass,  etc. 
Weed.     A  useless  herbaceous  plant. 
Whin.     Furze. 

Yam.     A  fleshy  edible  root  of  the  sweet  potato  family. 
Yew.     An  evergreen  tree  or  shrub. 
Zinnia.     An  American  herb  of  the  aster  family. 

Flora — Associated  Nouns. 
Arboretum.     A  collection  of  rare  trees  and  shrubs.     See  DoMBSTrcA, 

tion-Agriculture. 
Bocage  [F.].     A  woodland. 


FAUNA. 


401 


FLORA. 


FAUNA— FLORA— Continued. 


FAUNA — Associated  Words — Continued. 

Feree  natures  [L.].     Wild  animals. 

Fish.     Animals  that  swim  or  live  in  water. 

Flocks  and  herds.     Cattle,  sheep,  horses,  etc 

Fowls  of  the  air.     Birds. 

Game.     Any  hunted  animals. 

Live  stock.      Domestic  animals  of  a  farm. 

Shell-fish.     All  aquatic  animals  covered  with  a  shell. 

Wild  animals.     Untamed  animals. 

Fau  n  a— Figurative. 

Dandie  Dinmont.     A  breed  of  hairy,  short-legged  terriers. 
Denizens  of  the  air.  \  g.   . 
Denizens  of  the  day./ 
Reynard.     The  fox. 


Fa  una — Scientific . 

Aculeate.     Insects  armed  with  stings. 

Batrachia.     Order  of  reptiles  that  includes  frogs,  salamanders,  etc. 

Canine.     Animals  of  the  dog  family  of  carnivora. 

Carnivora.     The  order  of  flesh-eating  animals. 

Cetacea.     Mammiferous  sea-animals,  such  as  whales,  dolphins,  etc. 

Chelonia.  An  order  of  reptiles  which  includes  tortoises  and  edible 
turtles. 

Coleoptera.     Sheath-winged  insects. 

Crustacea.  A  class  of  articulated  animals  having  a  shell,  as  the 
lobster,  crab,  etc. 

Echidna.     A  genus  of  ovovi parous  mammals  found  in  Australia  only. 

Entomology.     That  branch  of  natural  history  that  treats  of  insects. 

Ephemeridae.  A  sub-order  of  insects,  such  as  the  May-fly,  which, 
after  reaching  the  perfect  state,  take  no  food  and  speedily  die, 
though  they  may  live  for  two  or  three  years  in  the  larval  state. 

Felis,  or  Feline.  An  order  of  ferocious  carnivora  such  as  the  lion, 
tiger,  cat,  etc. 

Frugivorous.     Animals  that  feed  on  fruits. 

Graminivorous.     Animals  that  feed  on  grasses. 

Helminthology.     The  natural  history  of  worms. 

Herbivorous.     Animals  that  feed  on  herbs  or  plants. 

Herpetology.     Natural  history  which  treats  of  reptiles. 

Ichthyology.     Natural  history  which  treats  of  fishes. 

Insectivora.     Animals  that  feed  on  insects,  such  as  the  ant-eater. 

Invertebrate.     Animals  destitute  of  a  backbone. 

Mammal.     A  class  of  vertebrates  whose  females  have  milch  sacks. 

Mammalia.     Warm-blooded  animals  that  suckle  their  young. 

Mammiferous.     Pertaining  to  animals  that  suckle  their  young. 

Marsupial.  Animals  that  have  a  pouch  in  the  belly  for  carrying 
their  young,  like  the  opossum  and  kangaroo. 

Metamorphosis.     Change  of  form  of  insects  during  their  development 

Mollusca.  Animals  inhabitating  water,  that  have  no  internal  skele- 
ton, as  shell-fish. 

Monotremes.  Egg-laying  mammals,  like  the  duck-bill  mole  and 
echidna  of  Australia. 

Necturus.  Swimming  animals  that  resemble  both  serpent  and  frog, 
as  the  proteus. 

Ophidia.      Natural  history  order  that  embraces  serpents. 

Ornithology.     That  branch  of  natural  history  that  treats  of  birds. 

Orthoptera.  An  order  of  insects  that  includes  cockroaches,  grass- 
hoppers, crickets,  etc. 

Oviparous.     Producing  young  by  laying  eggs  and  hatching  them. 

Ovovi viparous.     Producing  eggs  which  are  hatched  within  the  body. 

Primates.  The  first  order  of  mammalia,  including  man,  monkeys, 
lemurs,  and  bats. 

Protozoa.     The  lowest  order  of  animal  life;  infusoria. 

Quadrumana.  Four-handed;  the  second  highest  order  of  mammals, 
apes,  and  monkeys. 

Quadruped.     Four-footed  animals. 

Redintegrates.  Animals  that  have  the  power  to  reproduce  any 
members  which  they  may  lose,  such  as  lobsters,  newts,  crawfish, 
crabs,  etc. 

Reptile.      Any  cold-blooded  animal  crawling  on  the  stomach. 

Reptilia.     The  natural  history  classification  of  reptiles. 

Rodentia.  Animals  that  gnaw,  such  as  the  rat,  squirrel,  ground- 
hog, etc. 

Ruminant.     Animals  that  chew  the  cud. 

Sauropsida.  A  class  of  winged  creatures  that  partake  alike  the 
nature  of  reptiles  and  birds. 

Ungulates.     Hoofed  animals. 

Vermes.     That  order  of  zoology  which  comprises  worms. 

Vermivorous.     Feeding  on  worms,  as  birds  and  fowls. 

Viviparous.      Producing  young  from  eggs  hatched  within  the  body. 

Zoology,      History  and  classification  of  animals. 
*6 


FLORA — Associated  Nouns — Continued. 

Broke.     Land  broken  up  for  plants. 

Brushwood.     A  thicket  of  small  trees  or  shrubs. 

Chase.     An  open  hunting-ground. 

Clump  of  trees.     A  group  of  trees. 

Coppice.     A  thicket  of  brushwood 

Copse.     A  grove  of  small  growth. 

Forest.     A  collection  of  trees. 

Frith.     A  park. 

Greenwood.     A  forest  when  green. 

Grove.     A  piece  of  land  clear  of  underbrush  and  covered  with  trees. 

Growth.     Anything  grown ;  a  wild  underbrush. 

Heath.     Open  land  covered  with  coarse  herbage. 

Holt.     A  piece  of  woodland. 

Hurst.     A  wood  or  grove. 

Jungle.     A  thicket  almost  impenetrable  because  of  underbrush. 

Park.     A  piece  of  land  well  kept,  having  trees,  flowers,  and  walks. 

Pasturage.     A  place  of  pasture. 

Prairie.     A  piece  of  land,  fertile,  treeless,  and  covered  with  coarse 

grass. 
Spinet.     A  small  wood  or  thicket. 
Spinney.     A  clump  of  trees  and  underbrush. 
Thicket.     A  thick  growth  of  anything. 
Timber.     Any  wood  fit  for  building  purposes. 
Tope.     A  grove. 

Turburary.     A  place  where  turf  isBathered. 
Underwood.     Growth  low  down  to  the  ground. 
Weald.     A  wood  or  forest. 
Wood.     A  growth  of  trees. 
Woodlands.     Land  occupied  by  or  given  up  to  growing  trees 

Flora — Adjectives. 

Arborary.     Pertaining  to  trees. 

Arboretum.     A  plantation  of  trees,  or  shrubs 

Floral.      Pertaining  to  flowers. 

Grassy.     Having  grass ;  resembling  grass. 

Lichen.     A  cryptogamous  plant  that  grows  on  trees,  rocks,  ofben  as 

a  fungus 
Ligneous.     Like  wood,  woody. 
Mossy.     Covered  with  moss;  of  moss. 

0  .       '  f  Pertaining  to  the  woods,  or  forests. 
by  Ivan,  j 

Vegetable.     Having  the  nature  of  plants  or  vegetables 

V.fetous.1  Pertainin8  to  P'ants- 

Verdant.     Green,  like  foliage. 

Verdurous.     Of  or  pertaining  to  greenness  or  green  foliage. 

Woody.     Of  the  nature  of  wood;  covered  with  wood. 

Flora — Scientific. 

Arboreous.     Belonging  to  trees. 

Arborescent.     Resembling  a  tree. 

Arborical.     Arboreal;  living  or  situated  among  trees 

Botanic.     Pertaining  to  plants. 

Conferva.     A  genus  of  fresh-water  plants. 

Coniferae.     An  order  of  trees  that  bear  cones,  such  as  the  fir,  pine 

cedar,  and  juniper 
Cryptogamia.     Plants  in  which  there  are  no  stamens  and  pistils,  and 

whose  mode  of  fertilization  is  obscure. 
Deciduous.     Plants  that  shed  their  leaves. 
Endogenous.     Growing  from  within  outward. 
Exogenous.     Opposite  of  endogenous. 
Graminacea.     A  class  of  plants  that  include  grasses,  wheat,  oatsL 

barley,  and  corn. 

„    .    .  I  Having  the  character  of  an  herb. 

Leguminous.     Plants    that    produce    pods,    such    as    peas,    beans 
locust,  etc. 


FAUNA — Scientific — Continued. 

Zoophyte.     A  very  low  order  of  lite,  such  as  sponges,  corals,  etc. 
Zootomy.     That  branch  of  anatomy  which  relates  to  the  structure 
of  the  lowest  animals. 

Fauna — Adjectives. 

Animal.     Having  the  nature  of  a  brute. 
Bovine.     Related  to  a  cow  or  ox. 


FAUNA. 


402 


FAVORITE— ANGER. 


FAUNA — Adjectives — Continued. 


Canine.     Of  a  dog,  relating  to  a  dog. 
Equine.     Of  or  pertaining  to  a  horse. 
Feline.     Like  a  cat ;  characteristic  of  cats. 
Fishy.     Like  a  fish. 
Molluscous.     Of  or  pertaining  to  a  mollusk. 

jaut  bien,  il  s'en  [F.]  (fo  bi-air',  il  san).     It  is  far  from 

being  so.     Assent-Dissent. 
jaut,  comme  il  [F.]    (fo,   com  il).      As  it   should    be. 

SOCIETY-LUDICROUSNESS,  TASTE- VULGARITY. 

jaut  considerer  le  fin,  en  toute  chose  il  [F.]  (fo  con- 
si-dd-re'  le  fan-,  an'  tut  shoz  il).  It  is  necessary  to 
consider  the  end  in  all  things.  Beginning-End, 
Reflection-Vacancy. 

jaut,  tant  s'en  [F.]  (fo,  tan-  san-).  So  far  from  it. 
Assertion-Denial. 

}aute[F.]  (fot).     A  fault.     Success-Failure. 

jaute  de  inieux  [F.]  (fot  de  mi-u').  For  want  of  some- 
thing better.  Commutation-Permutation,  Voli- 
tion-Obligation. 

jauteuil  [F.]  (fo-tu-y').  An  upholstered  arm-chair. 
Suspension-Support. 

fau'-tor.     A  favorer.     Friend-Foe. 

faux  pas  [F.]  (fo  pa).  A  mistake;  a  breach  of  good 
breeding.  Innocence-Guilt,  Purity-Impurity, 
Success-Failure. 

fa'-vor.  An  act  or  course  of  generosity;  kindness 
bestowed  on  one  to  the  exclusion  of  others;  kind 
permission;  something  given  as  a  token;  a  letter. 


Kscator"8''  1  Pertainin8 to  fishes- 

Vaccine.     Relating  to  cows;  pertaining  to  cow-pox. 

Vermicular.     Pertaining  to  a  worm. 

Zoological.     Of  the  animal  kingdom;  pertaining  to  zoology. 

Giving-Receiving,  Harshness-Mildness,  Leave- 
Prohibition,  Missive-Publication,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Right- Wrong,  Sign  ;  appearances  in  favor  of, 
Likelihood-Unlikelihood;  favor  with,  Giving- 
Receiving;  get  into  favor,  Amity-Hostility,  Love- 
Hate;  in  favor,  Approval-Disapproval,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit; in  favor  of,  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Obstruction-Help;  under  favor  of ,  Leave- 
Prohibition;  view  with  favor,  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

fa'-vor-a-ble.  Advantageous;  propitious.  Determi- 
nation-Vacillation, Goodness- Badness,  Ob- 
struction -  Help,  Opportuneness  -  Unsuitable- 
ness;  favorable  opportunity,  Earliness-Lateness; 
favorable  prospect,  Likelihood-  Unlikelihood; 
favorable  to,  Antagonism-Concurrence;  take  a 
favorable  turn,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune. 

fa'-vor-a-bly.     In  a  favorable  manner.     Good-Evil. 

fa'-vor-er.   One  who  or  that  which  favors.    Friend-Foe. 

fa'-vor-ite.  Preferred.  Favorite-Anger,  Love- 
Hate,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 


FAVORITE— ANGER. 


Apple  of  one's  eye.     A  favorite. 

Cosset.     A  pet  lamb;  a  pet. 

Crony.     A  familiar  friend. 

Darling.     One  very  dear. 

Dear.     One  much  beloved. 

Duck.     An  endearing  expression  for  a  person. 

Enfant  gatf  [F.].     A  spoiled  child. 

Favorite.     Person  or  thing  very  much  liked. 

Fondling.     One  much  caressed. 

General  favorite.     One  liked  by  most  people. 

Honey.     Pet  name  for  dear. 

Idol.      Person  extravagantly  loved. 

Idol  of  the  people.     A  man  dear  to  the  people. 

Jewel.     Pet  name  for  one  beloved. 

Led  captain.     An  humble,  obsequious  follower. 

Love.     The  object  of  affection. 

Man  of  one's  own  heart.     A  man  who  suits  one's  tastes  exactly. 

Minion.     A  servile  favorite. 

PP    •  |  Terms  0f  fondness  applied  to  little  girls. 

Pet.     Some  one  loved  and  fondled. 

Spoiled  child.     A  poorly  trained  child,  due  to  indulgence. 

Sweetheart.     A  female  lover. 

Universal  favorite.     One  loved  by  all. 


ANGER — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Passion,     Intense  feeling,  especially  anger. 
Pet.     A  fit  of  peevishness. 
Pique.     Slight,  transient  feeling  of  anger. 
Pucker.     A  state  of  confusion  or  agitation. 
Rage.     Anger  that  carries  one  beyond  discretion. 
Rankling.     Deep  and  active  irritation  of  the  mind. 
Resentment.     Persistent  anger,  from  brooding  over  injuries. 
Revenge.     See  Pardon-Revenge. 

Scowl.     An  expression  of  displeasure  or  sullenness.     See  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness. 
Slap  iu  the  face.     A  direct  blow  or  expression  of  one's  enmity. 
Soreness.     State  of  having  the  feelings  galled. 
Spleen.     Melancholy,  and  latent  spite. 
Storm.     An  ebullition  of  passion. 

Sulks.     Fit  of  sullenness.     See  Favorite-Moroseness. 
Taking.     Trouble;  perplexity. 
Tantrums.     Petulant  fit  of  passion. 
Tiff.     Peevish  display  of  irritation. 
Towering  passion.     Rage. 
Umbrage.     Sense  of  injury. 
Violence.     Conduct  characterized  by  intensity. 


Acerbity.     Sharpness  of  temper  and  manners. 

Acharnement  [F .].     Fury;  passion. 

Acrimony.     Deep-seated  bitterness  in  language  or  speech. 

Affront.     Demonstrative  disrespect,  less  bitter  than  an  insult. 

Anger.     Sudden,  brief  ill-will. 

Angry  mood.     Temporary  state  of  anger. 

Animosity.     Active,  vehement,  transitory  dislike. 

Asperity.     Roughness  in  manner  or  disposition. 

Bad  humor.     Unpleasant  frame  of  mind. 

Bad  temper.     State  of  a  mind  habitually  passionate. 

Bile.     Peevishness. 

Bitterness.     Sharpness  and  severity. 

Bitter  resentment.     Sharp  and  severe  resentment. 

Burst.     Sudden,  violent  expression,  as  of  passion. 

Casus  belli  [L.].     Cause  for  war. 

Choler.     A  still  anger,  shown  in  the  countenance  and  gestures 

Crow  to  pluck.     See  Pardon-Revenge. 

Dander.     Anger. 

Desperation.     Recklessness  of  despair. 

Displeasure.     A  slight  feeling  of  anger. 

Dudgeon.     Sullen  displeasure. 

Ebullition.     Violent  display,  as  of  the  feelings. 

Exasperation.     Anger,  greatly  increased. 

Excitement.     The  state  of  being  roused  into  action. 

Explosion.     Sudden,  violent  outbreak. 

Ferment.     Intense  excitement. 

Fire  and  fury.     A  most  violent  outburst  of  passion. 

Fit.     A  violent  mood  which  masters  one  for  a  time. 

Fume.     Confusing  or  stupefying  anger. 

Fury.     Ungovernable  rage. 

Gall.     Bitterness;  rancor. 

Gnashing  of  teeth.     Rage;  anguish. 

Grudge.     An  old  cause  of  quarrel. 

HeaSwemng.}  Deep-seated,  secret  enmity. 

High  words.     Quarrel. 

Hot  blood.     Passion;  irascibility. 

Huff.     Sudden  rise  of  anger. 

Ill  blood.     Hostile  feeling. 

Ill  humor.     Unpleasant  frame  of  mind. 

Ill  temper.     State  of  a  mind  habitually  passionate. 

Indignation.     Strong,  unselfish  displeasure  at  wrong. 

Irascibility.     Proneness  to  anger. 

Ire.     Quiet,  persistent  anger. 

Irritation.     Show  of  displeasure  on  slight  provocation. 

Miff.     A  feeling  of  slight  vexation. 

Paroxysm.     Fit  of  rage 

(Continued  on  Column  1.) 


FAVORITE— ANGER. 


403 


FAVORITE— ANGER. 


ANGER— Continued. 


Virulence.     Extreme  bitterness  and  hostility. 
Warmth.     A  slight  amount  of  passion. 


Wrath.      Deep,  determined,  lasting  anger. 

Wrathful  indignation.     Indignation  that  is  severe  and  persistent 


Anger — Associated  Words. 


■  To  be  greatly  angered. 


Box  on  the  ears.     A  slap  on  the  ears. 

Buffet.     A  blow,  especially  with  the  hand 

Eumenides.     The  Furies. 

Furies.     The  avenging  deities 

Indignity.     Unmerited  and  contemptuous  treatment. 

Offense.     That  which  wounds  the  feelings  or  causes  displeasure. 

Anger- 

Add  fuel  to  the  flame.     To  aggravate. 

Affront.     To  treat  with  insolence  or  indignity. 

Aggravate.     To  make  matters  worse. 

Anger.     To  cause  to  smart;  irritate. 

Bear  malice.     To  have  feelings  of  revenge 

Bite  one's  thumb.     To  be  angry. 

Boil.  ] 

Boil  over  J 

Boil  with  indignation.     To  fume  with  indignation. 

Boil  with  rage.     To  fume  with  rage. 

Breathe  revenge.     To  be  full  of  revenge. 

Bridle  up.     To  show  vexation  by  raising  the  head  and  drawing  in  the 

chin. 
Bring  a  hornet's  nest  about  one's  ears.     To  stir  up  a  quarrel. 
Bristle  up.     To  arouse  greatly. 
Burst  with  anger.     To  rage  fiercely. 
Cause  anger.     To  anger  from  its  frequence. 
Chafe.     To  provoke  with  a  disagreeable  subject. 
Champ  the  bit.     To  be  angrily  impatient. 
Color.     To  change  color  of  the  face  during  emotion. 
Cut  up  rough.     To  act  passionately. 
Discompose.     To  confuse. 
Drive  one  mad.     To  make  very  angry. 

Embitter.     To  make  sour  or  unhappy;  intensify  in  angry  feeling. 
Enrage.     To  throw  into  a  rage. 
Envenom.     To  imbue  with  malice  or  bitter  hatred. 
Exasperate.     To  provoke  to  unrestrained  anger. 
Excite.     To  awaken  passion 

Fall  into  a  passion.)  Tq  becQme  infuriated  suddenly> 
Fall  into  a  rage.       > 
Fan  into  a  flame.     To  aggravate. 

Flare  uo  )  ^°  ^>ecorne  an&ered.  quickly. 

Fly  into  a  passion.j  Tosuddenlygetintoarage. 

Fly  into  a  rage.       ) 

Fly  out.     To  flare  up. 

Foam.     To  express  with  rage  or  violence. 

Foam  with  rage.     To  rage  so  as  to  foam  at  the  mouth. 

Fool  to  top  of  one's  bent.     To  trifle  or  provoke  to  anger. 

Fret.     To  irritate  continually. 

Froth  up.     To  give  vent  to,  as  anger. 

Frown.     To  contract  the  forehead  in  disapproval. 

Fume.     To  be  confused  or  stupefied  with  anger. 

Get  into  a  passion.j  Tq  become  ed> 

Get  into  a  rage.      ) 

Give  offense.     To  offend. 

Give  umbrage.     To  give  sense  of  injury. 

Gnarl.     To  snarl. 

Gnash      To  snap  the  teeth  in  rage. 

Grind  one's  teeth. 

Growl.     To  murmur. 

Have  a  fling  at.     To  have  opportunity  to  nettle. 

Huff.     To  give  sudden  offense. 

Hurt  the  feelings .     To  give  displeasure  to. 

Incense.     To  arouse  to  violent  anger. 

Inflame.     To  arouse  to  unnatural  activity. 

Infuriate.     To  become  furious. 

Insult.     To  attack  insolently. 

Irritate.     To  cause  ill  temper. 

Kindle.     To  excite  the  feelings  or  passions. 

Knit  the  brow.    To  show  displeasure  or  anger  by  wrinkles  in  the  brow. 

Lash  into  fury.        |  To  make  furious  by  some  means. 

Lash  into  madness  J 

Look  black.     To  appear  angry. 


Provocation.     Action  that  excites  vindictive  feelings. 

Rap  on  the  knuckles.     A  blow,  as  a  mark  of  displeasure. 

Sore  subject.     A  disagreeable  subject;   a  subject  that  may  stir  up  a 

quarrel. 
Vials  of  wrath.     Stored-up  anger. 

-Verbs. 
Look  black  as  thunder.     To  appear  very  angry. 
Look  daggers.     To  look  severely. 

Lose  one's  temper.     To  be  so  angry  as  to  be  unable  to  control  one- 
self. 
Lower.     To  look  sullen. 
Madden.     To  violently  enrage. 
Make  one's  blood  boil.     To  arouse. 
Make  one's  ears  tingle.     To  anger. 
Mantle.     To  conceal  anger. 

Ne  pas  entendre  ratllerie  fF.].     Not  to  be  trifled  with. 
Kettle.     To  anger  slightly. 
Offend.     To  cause  displeasure. 

Open  the  vials  of  one's  wrath.     To  vent  stored-up  anger. 
Pique.     To  give  a  slight,  transient  feeling  of  anger. 
Pour  out  vials  of  one's  wrath.     To  give  forth  pent-up  anger. 
Pout.      To  stick  the  lips  out  in  ill  humor. 
Provoke.     To  arouse  vindictive  feelings. 

Put  one's  back  up.       1  ™         , 

n  .         ,  ,  {  To  make  angry. 

Put  ones  monkey  up. J 

Put  out  of  humor.     To  put  into  an  unpleasant  frame  of  mind. 

Quiver  with  rage.     To  rage  so  as  to  tremble. 

Rage.     To  be  so  angry  as  to  go  beyond  discretion. 

Raise  anger.     To  cause  to  become  angry. 

Raise  one's  choler.  ~\ 

Raise  one's  dander.  V  To  rouse  one's  wrath. 

Raise  one's  gorge.    ) 

Rankle.     To  cause  lingering  pain. 

Redden.     To  become  flushed  with  anger. 

Resent.     To  be  indignant  at,  as  an  injury  or  insult. 

Rile.     To  make  slightly  angry. 

Roil.     To  vex  or  irritate. 

Ruffle.     To  vex;  disturb. 

Scowl.     To  frown  angrily. 

Set  by  the  ears.     To  drive  to  anger. 

Show  one's  teeth.     To  be  angry. 

Snap.     To  utter  sharp,  quick  words. 

Snarl.     To  speak  in  surly  terms 

Stamp  the  foot.     \  „ 

Stamp  with  rage.  J  To  rage  so  as  to  stamp* 

Stand  on  one's  hind  legs.     To  rise  as  if  in  anger. 

Stick  in  one's  gizzard.     To  rankle. 

Sting.     To  give  a  sharp  pain. 

Sting  to  the  quick.     To  sting  deeply. 

Stir  the  blood.     To  arouse. 

Stir  up  bile.     To  arouse  evil  passions. 

Storm.     To  give  vent  boisterously  to  rage. 

Swell  with  rage.     To  be  so  angry  as  to  seem  puffed  up. 

Take  amiss.     To  think  of  as  unkind. 

Take  exception  to.     To  have  a  dislike  for. 

Take  fire.     To  become  angry. 

Take  huff .     To  feel  offended;  be  angry. 

Take  ill.     To  think  of  as  unkind. 

Take  in  bad  part."j 

Take  in  dudgeon,  f  To  take  unkindly;  be  offended  at. 

Take  in  ill  part.     ) 

Take  offense.     To  be  offended. 

Take  to  heart.     To  be  too  sensitive  to  injury;  worry  over. 

Take  umbrage.     To  have  a  sense  of  injuty. 

Throw  into  a  ferment.     To  throw  into  a  violent  commotion. 

Vent  one's  rage.     )  To  give  expression  of  one's  anger  in  words  or 

Vent  one's  spleen./      actions. 

Widen  the  breach.     To  aggravate. 

"Work  up  into  a  passion.     To  enrage. 

Wound.     To  seriously  injure  pride,  vanity,  or  honor. 


Ange  r — A  djectives . 


Acharne'  [F.§.     Furious;  passionate. 
Acrimonious.     Full  of  bitterness  or  virulence. 
Angry.      Moved  by  violent  indignation. 
Bitter.     Feel  as  showing  enmity,  hate,  etc. 


|  Greatly  angered. 


Boiling. 

Boiling  over.  J 

Burning.     Extremely  sharp. 

Cantankerous.     Given  to  wrangling  and  fault-finding. 


FAVORITE— ANGER. 


404 


FAVORITE— MOROSENESS 


ANGER — Adjectives — Continued. 


Convulsed  with  rage.     In  a  fit  of  rage. 

Cross.     Peevish  and  angry. 

Fierce.     Intensely  excited. 

Fiery.     Easily  provoked;  passionate. 

Flushed  with  anger.     Red  with  wrath. 

Flushed  with  rage.     Inflamed  with  rage. 

Foaming.     Raging. 

Foaming  at  the  mouth.     Raging,  so  as  to  foam. 

Fuming.     Confused  or  stupefied  with  anger.    - 

Furious.     In  uncontrollable  anger. 

Hurt.     Offended,  grieved. 

In  a  fume;  in  a  fury;  in  a  huff;  in  a  passion;  in  a  pucker;  in  a  rage; 

in  a  stew;  in  a  taking;  in  a  way;  in  high  dudgeon. 
Indignant.     Having  such  anger  and  scorn  as  is  aroused  by  meanness 

or  wickedness. 
Infuriate.     Furious. 
Irate.     Wrathful. 
Ireful.     Full  of  strong  resentment. 
Mad  with  rage.     Furious. 
Offended.     Sorely  displeased. 


On  one's  high  ropes.     Haughty. 
Rabid.     Unreasonably  excited. 

5"e?ful-     }  Furious. 
Raging.       ) 

Relentless.     Pitiless. 

Savage.     Brutal  and  unfeeling. 

Set  against.     Opposed  to. 

Sore.     Aggrieved. 

Sulky.     Showing  ill  feeling  by  keeping  aloof. 

Up  in  arms.     Very  angry. 

Violent.     Marked  by  force  and  rapidity. 

Virulent.     Extremely  bitter  and  hostile. 

Warm.     Slightly  passionate. 

Waxy.     Enraged. 

Wild.     Roused  to  fury. 

Worked  up.     Excited. 

Wrath        ) 

Wrathful.)"  Being  in  a  State  °f  anger- 

Wrought.     Stirred  up  by  anger. 


Anger — Adverbs. 


Angrily.     See  Adjectives. 
In  the  heat  of  passion. 


In  the  heat  of  the  moment. 
In  the  height  of  passion. 


•  Anger — Absolute  Constructions. 

Eyes  flashing  fire;  one's  back, — blood, — monkey  being  up;  the  blood  boiling,—  rising ;  the  gorge  rising. 

Anger — Interjections. 

Taniane  antmis  ccelestibus  iroe!    [L.| 
heavenly  minds!     [Virgil,  JEneid,i, 
Zounds  I 

Anger — Phrases,  etc 

Who  has  wronged  you 


Marry  come  up! 
•Sdeath!     God's  death! 


Can    such    anger   dwell  u 


Chi  Vha  offeso,  non  ti  perdona  mat    [It 

never  forgives  you. 
Fervens  difficili  bile  jecur  [L.[.     The  soul  raging  with  fierce  anger. 
Gravis  ira  regutn  est  semper  [L.|.     Heavy  is  ever  the  ire  of  kings 

[Seneca,  Meditation,  474.] 


H&ret  lateri  letalis   arundo  [L.|     The  fatal  arrow  clings  fast  in  hei 

side.     [Virgil,  JEneid,  4,  73.] 
Ira  furor  brevis  est  [L  ].     Angerisabrief  madness.  [Horace, Epistles, 

1 ,  2,  62.] 
Quern  Jupiter  vult    perdere,  dementat    prius  [L.|.      Whom  Jupitel 

wishes  to  destroy,  he  first  makes  mad. 


FAVORITE— MOROSENESS. 


Morosfness. 

Bad  humor,  j  s     Fav0rite-Anger. 

Bad  temper.  ) 

Bearishness.  I  T11  . 

Black  looks.  }  I"  temper. 

Bouderie  [F.].     (Rare.)     Pouting;  sulks. 

Churlishness.     See  Politeness. 

Crabbedness.     Sour  temper. 

Doldrums.     Low  spirits. 

Dumps.     Sullenness;  low  spirits. 

Dudgeon.     See  Favorite-Anger. 

Fit  of  the  sulks.     Fit  of  sullenness. 

Huff.     See  Favorite-Anger. 

Ill  humor.    \ 

111  temper.    >  See  Favorite-Anger. 

Irascibility.  J 

Moodiness.     Gloominess. 

Mo  ositv      "  J  ^*tter  dissatisfaction  with  the  world  in  general. 

Mumps.     Sulkiness. 

Obstinacy.     Stubborn  adherence  to  purpose. 

Perversity.     Quality  or  habit  of  doing  the  contrary. 

Scowl.     A  deep  frown,  indicative  of  sullenness. 

Spinosity.      Quality  of  being  sharp  or  cutting. 

Spleen.     See  Favorite-Anger. 

Sulks.     Fits  of  sullenness. 

Sullenness.     Gloomy,  angry  silence. 

Torvity.     Sourness  of  countenance. 

Moroseness — Verbs. 
Be  sullen,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Frown.     To  wear  a  disapproving  look. 
Gloam.     To  be  gloomy  or  threatening  in  appearance. 
Glower.     To  stare  frowningly. 
Have  a  hang-dog  look.     To  be  sullen. 
Lower.     To  look  angry  or  sullen. 
Pout. 
Scowl. 
Sulk.     To  have  fits  of  sullenness. 


f  See  Anger. 


Deaf  to  reason.     Stubborn. 

Dogged.     Sullenly  obstinate. 

Exceptious.     Captious;  faultfinding. 

Froward.     Reluctant  to  comply  with  requirements 

Frumpish.     Ill-tempered. 

Glowering.     Staring  frowningly. 

Glum.     Gloomy  and  silent. 

Grim.     Stern  and  forbidding. 

Growling.     Murmuring  angrily. 

Grum.     Severe  of  countenance. 

Grumpy.     Surly;  morose. 

Humorsome.     Full  of  whims  or  humors. 

Ill-affected.     Not  favorably  inclined. 

Ill-disposed.     Habitually  ill-affected. 

Ill-humored.     In  an  unpleasant  frame  of  mind. 

Ill-tempered.     Having  a  tendency  to  be  passionate. 

In  a  bad  humor.  "| 

In  an  ill  humor.  Mil-humored. 

In  a  shocking  humor.  J 

In  a  bad  temper.  \ 

In  an  ill  temper.  >Ill-tempered. 

In  a  shocking  temper.) 

In  the  sulks.     In  a  fit  of  sullenness. 

Intractable.     Indisposed  to  be  governed. 

Knaggy.     Rough  in  temper. 

Moody.     Out  of  humor;  gloomy. 

Morose.     Bitterly  dissatisfied  with  the  world  in  general. 

Out  of  humor.  I  ,        ,     ,  , 

Out  of  sorts,      j  I"  a  bad  humor. 

Out  of  temper.     In  a  bad  temper. 

Peevish.     Feebly  fretful;   petulant.     See  Favorite-Ouarrblsoitb- 

ness. 
Perverse.     Tending  to  do  the  contrary. 

Restiff .  \  Chafing  under  restraint  or  control.     See  Favorite-Quar 
RestiveJ       relsomeness. 
Rusty.     Surly. 
Scowling .     Weari  ng  a  gloom  y  aspect. 

ISous.  1  Bodin«  evil  or  harm' 


FAVORITE— QUARRELSOMENESS. 


405 


FEARFULLY. 


FAVORITE— MOROSENESS— Con/»ni**rf. 


Moros  e  n  b  ss — A  djectives. 

Bearish.     Like  a  bear;  ill-tempered. 
BlacK-browed.     Sullen. 
Cankered.     Embittered. 
Cantankerous.     Ill-natured;  contrary. 
Crabbed .     Sour-tempered . 
Cross.     Unkind  in  speech  or  manner. 
Cross-grained.     Hard  to  please. 
Crusty,     Curt  in  manner  or  speech. 
Curst.     Ill-tempered;  cross-grained. 


Spleenish.^ 

Spleenly.    /-Irritable  and  melancholy. 

Splenetic.  ) 

Sour.     Crabbed  and  morose. 

Sour  as  a  crab. 

Sulky.     See  Favorite-Anger. 

Sullen.     Habitually  sulky. 

Surly.     Rude  and  snarling. 

Torvous.     Of  a  severe  countenance. 

Unaccommodating.     Not  disposed  to  do  a  favor. 

Wayward.     Wickedly  froward. 


FAVORITE— QUARRELSOMENESS. 


Quarrelsomeness. 
Acerbity.  \  Harshness    or    roughness    of    temper.     See    Favorite- 
Asperity.)      Anger. 

A  word  and  a  blow.     Quickness  of  resentment. 
Bad  temper.     See  Favorite-Anger. 
Churlishness.     Rudeness  in  manner  and  speech. 
Crooked  temper,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Crossness.     Peevishness  mixed  with  anger. 
Crossness.     See  Adjectives. 
Excitability.     Quality  of  being  easily  moved. 
Fiery  temper.     See  Adjectives. 
Genus  irritable  [L  ].     The  irritable  class. 
Hot  blood. 1  See  Favoritk.Anger. 
Huff.  J 

111  humor,  etc.     See  Favorite-Moroseness. 
Irascibility.     See  Favorite-Anger. 
Irritability.     Extreme  sensibility  to  offense. 
Irritable  temper.     See  Adjectives. 
Petulance.     Capricious  passion  unrestrained. 
Procacity.     Impudence. 
Protervity.     Petulance. 
Pugnacity.     Disposition  to  fight  or  quarrel. 
Susceptibility.     Capacity  for  emotional  excitement. 
Tartness.     Slight  asperity  with  intellectual  readiness. 
Temper.     Heat  of  mind  or  passion. 

Quarrelsomeness — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Brabbler.     A  quarrelsome  fellow. 
Dragon.     An  overbearing  person. 
Fire-eater.     A  pugnacious  person. 
Fury.     A  violent  woman. 
Porcupine.     A  quadruped  covered  with  quills;  an  easily  irritated 

person. 
Scold.     A  rude,  clamorous  woman. 
Shrew.     A  peevish,  scolding  woman. 
Sir  Fretful  Plagiary.     A  peevish  character  in  Sheridan's  play,  The 

Critic. 
Spitfire.     Violent,  passionate  person. 
Tartar.     A  person  of  an  irritable  temper. 
Termagant.     Bold,  ranting  woman. 
Virago.     Impudent,  turbulent  woman. 
Vixen.     A  quarrelsome  woman. 
Xantippe.     A  scold;  from  the  wife  of  Socrates. 

Quarrelsomeness — Verbs. 
Be  irascible,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Fire  up      To  become  excited.     See  Anger. 
Have  a  devil  in  one.     To  be  full  of  malicious  mischief. 
Have  a  temper.     To  be  easily  irritated. 

Quarrelsomeness — Adjectives, 
Acaridtre  [P.J,     Ill-natured. 
Angry.     See  Anger. 
Bad-tempered.     Liable  to  be  passionate. 
Cantankerous.     Perverse  or  malicious. 
Captious.     Disposed  to  find  fault. 
Choleric.     Quick  to  anger. 
Churlish.     Rude  in  manners  and  speech. 
Contentious.     Fond  of  contention. 

fa'-vor-it-ism.  A  disposition  to  favor.  Amity-Hos- 
tility, Right-Wrong. 

fawn.  To  show  affection  by  cringing  before;  to  seek 
favor  by  subserviency.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

f  a  wn'-col"-ored .  Colored  like  a  fawn,  light  yellowish 
brown.     Gray-Brown. 

fawn'-ing.  Cringing.  Adulation-Disparagement, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness. 


Very  cross. 


Cross.     Angrily  peevish. 

Cross  as  a  cat. 

Cross  as  a  crab. 

Cross  as  a  dog. 

Cross  as  the   tongs. 

Cross  as  two  sticks. 

Disputatious.     Inclined  to  dispute. 

Exceptious.     (Obs.)     Captious. 

Excitable.     Easily  aroused. 

Fidgety.     Unable  to  sit  still. 

Fiery.     Easily  provoked ;  passionate. 

Fretful.     Complaining  of  small  grievance*. 

Fractious.     Inclined  to  be  rebellious. 

Hasty.     Quick-tempered. 

Hot.     Passionate;  vehement. 

Huffy.     Easily  offended. 

Ill-tempered.     Liable  to  be  passionate. 

In  a  bad  temper.     In  an  angry  mood. 

Irascible.     Prone  to  anger. 

Irritable.     Easily  excited  to  anger. 

Like  tinder.  \  w 

Like  touchwood  J        ry* 

Moodish.     Apt  to  have  sullen  moods. 

On  the  fret.     Showing  vexation. 

Overhasty.     Very  hot-tempered. 

Passionate.     Inclined  to  strong  passion. 

Peevish.     Feebly  fretful  and  irritable. 

Peppery.     Quick-tempered. 

Petulant.     Capriciously  passionate. 

Pettish.     Subject  to  fits  of  ill  temper. 

Pugnacious.     Prone  to  quarrel  or  fight. 

Quarrelsome.     Showing  a  contentious  disposition. 

Querulous.     Habitually  complaining 

Quick.     Quick-tempered . 

Retentive'.  }  Susceptible  to  offense. 

Restive  1  Showing  restlessness  and  impatience  of  control. 

Shrewish.     Inclined  to  nag  and  scold. 

Snappish.     Sharp  and  surly. 

"Sudden  and  quick  in  quarrel."     Quick-tempered.  [Shake«pearet  As 

You  Like  It,  II,  vii.] 
Sulky.     Sullenly  cross. 

Susceptible.     Capable  of  emotional  impression. 
Techy.     Peevishly  sensitive. 
Testy.     Irritable  and  quick-tempered. 
Tetchy.     Same  as  Techy. 
Thin-skinned.     Sensitive  to  wrong. 
Touchy.     Irascible . 

Vindictive.     Having  a  tendency  to  revenge. 
Warm.     Slightly  passionate. 
Waspish.     Resentful  of  trifles. 


Pishl 


Quarrelsomeness — Interjection. 

Quarrelsomeness — Phrase 


Old  accounts  breed 


A  vieux  comptis  nouvelles  disputes  [F.]. 
disputes. 

fay.     Fairy.     Jove-Fiend. 

fe'-al-ty.  Fidelity.  Duty-Dereliction,  Insubordi- 
nation-Obedience, Regard-Disrespect. 

fear.  Uneasiness  attended  with  alarm.  Bravery- 
Cowardice,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

fear'-ful.  Afraid.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Pleasur- 
ableness-Pa  in  fulness,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

fear'-ful-ly.  Apprehensively.  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance, Magnitude-Smallness. 


FEARFULNESS. 


400 


FEELING— INSENSIBILITY. 


fear'-ful-ness.     Timidity.     Sanguineness-Timidity. 

fear'-ing.     Dreading.     Sanguineness-Timidity. 

fear'-less.  Being  without  fear.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

fear'-some.     Causing  fear.     Sanguineness-Timidity. 

fea"-si-bil'-i-ty.  Practicability.  Difficulty-Facil- 
ity, Possibility-Impossibility. 

fea'-si-ble.  Practicable.  Difficulty-Facility,  Pos- 
sibility-Impossibility. 

feast.  To  delight;  a  banquet  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Fasting-Gluttony,  Godliness-Un- 
godliness, Nutriment-Excretion,  Periodicity- 
Irregularity,  Sensuality-Suffering;  feast  one's 
eyes,  Love-Hate. 

feast  of  rea'-son.  An  entertainment,  conversation, 
etc.,  delighting  the  mind.  Conversation-Mono- 
logue ;  feast  of  reason  and  flow  of  the  soul,  Conver- 
sation-Monologue, Sociability-Privacy. 

feat.  Anotableact.  Action-Passiveness,  Bravery- 
Cowardice;  feat  of  arms,  Strife-Peace;  feat  of 
strength,  Strength-Weakness. 

feath'-er.  One  of  the  appendages  growing  out  of  the 
skin  of  a  bird;  something  like  a  feather,  kind;  to 
adorn.  Consequence-Insignificance,  Division, 
Heaviness-Lightness,  Smoothness-Roughness, 
Society-Laughingstock,  Title;  feather  In  one's 
cap,  Reputation-Discredit,  Title,  Trophy; 
feather  in  the  scale,  Consequence-Insignificance; 
feather  one's  nest,  Affluence-Penury,  Generosity- 
Frugality,  Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Un- 
selfishness-Selfishness, Welfare-Misfortune  ; 
feather  the  oar,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  hear  a 
feather  drop,  Sound-Silence  ;  in  full  feather,  Afflu- 
ence -  Penury,  Preparation  -  Nonpreparation, 
Welfare-Misfortune;  in  high  feather,  Bragging, 
Health-Sickness,  Lightheartedn ess-Dejection, 
Strength  -  Weakness,  Welfare  -  Misfortune  ; 
pleased  with  a  feather,  Entertainment-Weariness. 

f eath'-er-bed" .  A  bed  filled  with  feathers.  Hard- 
ness-Softness. 

feath'-er-brained".  Light-headed.  Sagacity- In- 
capacity. 

feath'-ered  tribes.     The  birds.     Fauna-Flora. 

feath'-er-y.  Covered  with  feathers.  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

feat'-ly.     Skilfully.     Activity-Indolence 

fea'-ture.  Any  part  of  the  human  face.  Appearance- 
Disappearance,  Constituent-Alien,  Form-Form- 
lessness, Sign,  Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 

fea'-ture-less.  Without  features.  Form-Formless- 
ness. 


feb-rif'-u-gal.     Antifebrile.     Remedy-Bane. 
feb'-ri-fuge.        A  medicine  that  is  efficacious  against 

fever.     Remedy-Bane. 
feb'-rile.       Pertaining  to  fever.       Excitability-Inex. 

CITABILITY. 

Feb'-ru-a-ry.  The  second  month  of  the  year.  Pe- 
riodicity-Irregularity. 

fe'-cal.   Pertaining  to  refuse.  Cleanness-Filtiiiness. 

fecit  [L.]  (fi'-sit).     He  made  it.     Painting. 

fec'-u-la.     Starch.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

fec'-u-lence.     Foulness.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

fec'-u-lent.     Foul;  muddy.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

fec'-und.     Prolific.     Fertility-Sterility. 

fec'-un-date.  To  render  fruitful.  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Fertility-Sterility. 

fec"-un-da'-tion.  Impregnation.  Creation-Destruc- 
tion. 

fec-un'-di-ty.     Fruitfulness.     Fertility-Sterility. 

fed'-er-al-ist.  A  supporter  of  federalism.  Associ- 
ation. 

fed"-er-a'-tion.     A  league.      Association. 

fed'-er-a-tive.     Federal.     Association. 

fee.  Payment  for  services;  a  charge  for  a  privilege; 
an  estate  of  inheritance.  Gi  ving-Recei  ving,  Hold- 
ing-Exemption, Outlay-Income,  Property,  Rec- 
ompense-Punition. 

fee'-ble.  Weak.  Force-Weakness,  Ratiocination- 
Instinct,  Strength-Weakness. 

fee'-ble-mind"-ed.  Imbecile.  Determination- Vacil- 
lation, Sagacity-Incapacity. 

fee'-ble-ness.     Weakness.     Force-Weakness. 

feed.  To  give  food  to;  to  supply.  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion, Provision-Waste;  feed  the  flame,  Ob- 
struction-Help. 

feed'-er.     A  steward.     Provision-Waste. 

fee'-fa'-fum'.  Jargon  to  awe  the  foolish  or  ignorant. 
Devotion-Charm,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

feel.  To  perceive,  as  by  touch;  to  have  a  sensation  :r 
emotion.  Emotion,  Feeling-Insensibility,  Sensu- 
ality-Suffering, Touch  ;  feel  for,  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Compassion-Ruthlessness,  Inves- 
tigation-Answer, Trial;  feel  one's  way,  Reckless- 
ness-Caution, Trial,  Venture;  feel  the  pulse,  In- 
vestigation-Answer; feel  the  want  of,  Desire-Dis- 
taste. 

feel'-er.  One  who  or  that  which  feels;  something  put 
forth  indirectly  to  gain  information.  Investigation- 
Answer,  Touch,  Trial. 

feel'-ing.  Possessed  of  warm  sensibilities.  Emotion, 
Feeling-Insensibility,  Touch. 


FEELING— INSENSIBILITY. 


Consciousness.     The  state  of  being  conscious.     See  Knowledge. 

Esthetics.       That  branch  of  knowledge  which  treats  of  taste  and 
beauty. 

External  senses.     The  faculties  by  which  we  perceive  external  ob- 
jects 

Feeling.     The    power   by  which  the  mind  apprehends  impressions 
from  without  or  changes  within  the  body. 

Impression.     Influence  or  effect  on  the  senses  or  intellect. 

Moral  sensibility.     See  Sensitiveness. 

Perceptivity.     Power  or  tendency  to  perceive. 

Physical  sensibility.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  sensible  of  physi- 
cal impressions. 

Sensation.      The  consciousness  of  action  or  influence  upon  some  organ 
of  sense. 

Sensibility.     Acuteness  of  feeling. 

Sensitiveness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  easily  and  acutely  affec- 
ted. 

Feeling — Verbs. 

Be  sensible  of.     See  Adjectives. 

Cause  sensation.     To  cause  to  be  felt. 

Cultivate.     To  develop  by  study ;  cherish. 

Excite  an  impression.     To  excite. 

Feel.     To  become  aware  of  by  touch;  to  have  a  feeling. 

Impress.     To  fix  by  forcible  or  continued  presentation. 


Anesthesia.     Loss  of  the  sensation  of  feeling  from  disease  or  a  drug. 

Insensibility.     The  state  of  being  blunted  in  feeling.  . 

Moral  insensibility.     See  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

Obtuseness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  dull  in  feeling. 

Palsy.     Any  weakening  of  power  of  sensation. 

Paralysis.     Loss  or  diminution  of  power  of  perceiving  sensations. 

Physical  insensibility.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  destitute  of  the 

power  of  feeling. 
Sleep.     A  period  of  inactivity  of  sensible  emotions. 
Insensibility — Nouns  of  Cause. 
Anesthetic  agent.     A  drug  or  anything  that   produces  insensibility 
Chloral.     A  colorless  oily  liquid  obtained  by  the  action  of  chlorin 

upon  ethal  alcohol ;  a  strong  anesthetic  agent. 
Chloroform.     A  liquid  anesthetic  produced  by  the  action  of  chlorin 

and  an  alkali  upon  alcohol. 
Ether.      An  anesthetic  obtained   by  the  distillation  of  alcohol  with 

sulphuric  acid. 
Laudanum.     Tincture  of  opium,  used  as  an  anesthetic. 
Laughing-gas.     An   anesthetic  agent,  so  called   from  the  laughter  it 

sometimes  produces  when  inhaled. 
Nitrous  oxid.     Laughing-gas. 
Opium.     The  juice  of  the  white  poppy;  a  strong  narcotic  poison. 

producing  deep  sleep. 
Refrigeration.     Act  or  process  of  cooling. 


FEELING. 


407 


FELUCCA. 


FEELING— INSENSIBILITY— <7<mjf'»««<*. 


FEELING—Verbs— Continued. 

l'e/ceive.     To  have  knowledge  of  through  the  senses. 
Produce  an  impression.     To  affect  the  senses. 
Render  sensible.     To  make  perceptible  by  the  senses 
Sharpen.     To  render  more  acute,  as  the  senses. 
Tutor.     To  train  or  cultivate. 

Feeling— Adjectives. 
Acute.     Having  senses  that  act  or  respond  quickly. 
Conscious.     Aware  of  an  action,  influence,  or  effect  upon  the  organs 

of  sense;  knowing  any  state  of  mind. 
Esthetic.     With  the  artistic  sense  well  cultivated. 
Impressive.     Adapted  to  excite  solemn  attention  and  feeling. 
Keen.     Quick  to  perceive  or  apprehend;  eager  and  sharp. 
Lively.     Making  a  striking  effect  upon  the  sense  or  perception. 
Perceptive.     Having  power  to  become  aware  of  through  the  medium 

of  the  senses. 
Sensible.     Capable  of  being  affected  by  outside  influences. 
Sensitive.     Easily  affected   by  outside  influences;    relating   to   the 

senses. 
Sensuous.    Known  through  the  senses.    Poetry  is  "  Simple,  sensuous, 

and  passionate."  [Milton.] 
Sentient.     Having  powers  of  sense,  or  of  causing  sensation. 
Sharp.     Having  strong  or  quick  powers  of  sensibility;  keen. 
Thin-skinned.     Easily  affected. 
Vivid.     Producing  a  lively  effect. 

Feeling — Adverb. 
To  the  quick.     With  very  great  effect;  to  the  life. 


INSENSIBILITY— Adjectives— Continued  from  Column  a. 
Thick-skinned.     Incapable  of  being  sensibly  affected  by  external 

action  or  influence. 
Unfeeling.     Destitute  of  power  of  sensation. 

fee-sim'-ple.     An  absolute  fee.     Property. 

feet.  The  plural  of  foot.  Height-Lowness,  Travel- 
ing-Navigation' ;  at  one's  feet,  Liberty-Subjection, 
Remoteness  -  Nearness,  Selfrespect-  Humble- 
ness; fall  at  one's  feet,  Yielding;  fall  on  one's  feet, 
Welfare-Misfortune;  lick  the  feet  of,  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness; light  upon  one's  feet,  Se- 
curity-Insecurity ;  spring  to  one's  feet,  Elevation- 
Depression;  throw  oneself  at  the  feet  of,  Petition- 
Expostulation. 

feetail.  An  estate  of  inheritance  limited  and  re- 
strained to  some  particular  heirs.     Property. 

feign.     To  pretend.     Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

feigned.     Pretended.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

feint.  A  deceptive  movement.   Truthfulness-Fraud. 

felicitas,  curiosa  [L.]  (fi-lis'-i-tas,  kiu-ri-o'-sa).  Studied 
felicity.   '  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

felicitas  mitltos  habet  amicos  [L.]  (fi-lis'-i-tas  mul'-tos 
h6-bet  a-mai'-cos).  Prosperity  has  many  friends. 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

fe-lic'-i-tate.    To  wish  happiness  to.     Felicitation. 

fe-lic"-i-ta'-tion.     Congratulation.     Felicitation. 

felicitation. 

Compliments  of  the  season.     Good  wishes  given  at  different  occasions. 
Condolence.      Expression   of   sympathy   in    another's   sorrow.     See 

Condolence. 
Congratulation.     An  expression  of  joy  at  the  good  fortune  of  another. 
Felicitation.     A  wishing  of  happiness. 
Gratulation.     A  feeling  of  gratification. 
Salute.      A  sign  of  respect  or  honor.     See  Condolence. 

Felicitation — Verbs. 
Congratulate.     To  express  sympathy  and  pleasure  to  on  account  of 

a  happy  event. 
Felicitate.     To  wish  joy  or  happiness  to. 
Gratulate.     Same  as  Congratulate. 

Felicitation — Verbal  Expressions. 
Congratulate  oneself;    give  one  joy;    offer  one's  congratulations; 

tender  one's  congratulations;   wish  a  Merry  Christmas  and  a  Happy 

New  Year;  wish  many  happy  returns  of  the  day ;  wish  one  joy. 
Felicitation — Adverbs. 

SafutatOT  tery"}  ExPressive  of  congratulations. 


Insensibility — Verbs. 

Be  insensible.     See  Adjectives. 

Benumb.     To  deprive  of  sensation. 

Blunt.     To  make  less  keen. 

Have  a  rhinoceros  hide.     To  have  a  thick  skin. 

Have  a  thick  skin.     To  be  insensitive. 

Obtund.     To  render  dull  or  insensible  to  pain. 

Pall.     To  make  dull  by  satiety. 

Paralyze.     To  stupefy. 

Put  under  the  influence  of  chloroform. 

Render  insensible.     Take  away  sensation. 

Stun.     To  render  senseless  by  a  blow. 

Stupefy.     To  deprive  of  perception  or  sensibility. 

Insensibility — Adjectives, 

Anesthetic.     Relating  to  anesthesia. 

Callous.     Hardened  as  to  sensation  or  feeling. 

Case-hardened.     Rendered  hardened  to  external  influences. 

Dead.     Wholly  incapable  of  sensation  in  any  sense. 

Dull.     Not  keenly  felt  flacking  in  lively  sensation 

Hard.     Having  no  feeling. 

Hardened.     Rendered  callous  or  insensible  to  feeling. 

Impercipient.     Not  being  able  to  perceive. 

Insensible.     Blunted  in  feeling. 

Numb.     Lacking  the  power  of  sensation  or  of  motion. 

Obtuse.     Dull  in  feeling  and  sensibility. 

Pachydermatous.     Thick-skinned. 

Palsied.     Affected  with  loss  of  sensation. 

Paralytic.     Pertaining  to  or  affected  with  paralysis. 

Proof.     Impenetrable,  as  to  sensation  or  impression. 

Senseless.     Lacking  the  power  of  sense. 

{Continued  on  Column  i .) 

fe-lic'-i-tous.  Producing  felicity;  appropriate.  Har- 
mony-Discord; felicitous  style,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Purity-Crudeness,  Skill-Unskil- 
fulness, Success-Failure. 

fe-lic'-i-ty.  Well-founded  happiness.  Pleasure-Pain, 
Skill-Unskilfulness. 

fe'-line.  Cat-like;  sly.  Craft-Artlessness,  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy, Fauna-Flora. 

fell.  To  cause  to  fall;  inhuman;  a  barren  hill;  a  pelt. 
Charitableness -Malevolence,  Cover -Lining, 
Creation-Destruction,  Elevation-Depression, 
Erectness-Flatness,  Height-Lowness,  Sanguine- 
ness-Timidity. 

fel'-lah.     A  peasant.     Gentility-Democracy. 

fel'-low.  Associated;  a  companion;  equal.  Duality, 
Equality  -  Inequality,  Likeness  -  Unlikeness. 
Male-Female,  Solitude-Company. 

fel'-low  com"-mon-er.  One  of  a  class  of  Oxford 
students.     Instructor-Pupil. 

fel'-low  com-pan'-ion.     An  associate.     Friend-Foe. 

fel'-low  coun'-try-man.  One  of  the  same  country. 
Friend-Foe. 

fel'-low  crea'-ture.  A  man;  one  of  the  same  race  or 
kind.     Humanity. 

fel'-low  feel'Mng.  Sympathy.  Amity  -  Hostility, 
Charitableness-Malevolence,  Companion-Ruth- 
lessness,  Love-Hate. 

fel'-low  man".  A  human  being  as  belonging  to  the  same 
race  with  any  other  human  being.    Friend-Foe. 

f el'-low-ship .  The  state  of  being  a  companion;  com- 
munity of  interest.    Amity-Hostility,  Association. 

fel'-low  stu"-dent.  A  student  of  the  same  institution. 
Instructor-Pupil. 

Jelo  de  se  [L.]  (fi'-lo  de  si).    A  suicide.  Life-Killing. 

fel'-on.     A  criminal.     Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

fe-lo'-ni-ous.     Criminal  in  intent.     Virtue-Vice. 

fel'-o-ny.    A  grave  crime.     Innocence-Guilt. 

felt.  A  fabric  made  by  interlocking  wool,  fur,  hair,  etc. 
Crossing;  deep  felt,  Emotion. 

fe-luc'-ca.  A  small  coasting  vessel.  Conveyancb- 
Vessel. 


FEMALE. 


408 


FERTILITY— STERILITY. 


fe'-male.  Characterized  by  organs  for  bringing  forth 
young  or  producing  ova.     Male-Female. 

feme  cov'-ert.  A  married  woman.  Matrimony-Celi- 
bacy. 

feme  sole.  A  woman  unmarried.  Matrimony-Celi- 
bacy. 

femina,  varium  et  mutabile  semper  [L.]  (fem'-i-na, 
vS'-ri-um  et  miu-tab'-i-li  sem'-per) .  A  thing  incon- 
stant and  changeable  ever  is  woman.  Mutability- 
Stability. 

fem"-l-nal'-i-ty.  The  female  nature.  Male-Female, 
Strength- Weakness. 

fem'-i-nate.     Feminine.     Strength-Weakness. 

fem'-i-nine.  Belonging  to  or  characteristic  of  woman- 
kind.   Male-Female. 

femme  de  chambre  [F.]  (fam  de  shan'-br').  A  chamber- 
maid.    Chief-Underling. 

fem'-o-ral.    Pertaining  to  the  femur.    Anatomy. 

fe'-mur.     Thigh-bone.     Anatomy. 

fen.     A  marsh.     Swamp-Island. 

fence.  A  structure  enclosing  some  space;  to  practise 
with  a  foil  or  sword;  a  receiver  of  stolen  goods. 
Attack- Defense,  Enclosure,  Release- Prison, 
Robber,  Strife-Peace,  Truthfulness-Falsehood; 
fence  round,  Attack-Defense,  Confinement,  Se- 
curity-Insecurity; fence  with  a  question,  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy. 

fenced.     Concluded.     Terms. 

fence'-less.     Without  a  fence.     Security-Insecurity. 

fen'-ci-ble.  Capable  of  defending  or  being  defended. 
Belligerent. 

fen'-cing.  Warding  off;  evading.  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

fen-er-a'-tion.     Interest.     Loan-Borrowing 

fend.     To  ward  off.     Attack-Defense. 

fend'-er.  One  who  or  that  which  fends.  Attack- 
Defense. 

Fe'-ni-an.  A  member  of  the  Irish  society  called  the 
Fenian  Brotherhood.  Antagonist-Assistant,  In- 
subordination-Obedience. 

fen'-ny.     Swampy.     Swamp-Island. 

/eod'-al.     Feudal. 

feo-dal'-i-ty.  Feudal  tenure.  Holding-Exemption, 
Rule-License. 


feoff.     To  invest  with  a  fee  or  feud.     Property. 

feoff-ee'.  One  to  whom  a  feoffment  is  made.  Giving- 
Receiving,  Holder. 

feoff'-er.  One  who  grants  a  feoffment.  Givixg-Re- 
ceiving. 

jerm  natural  [L.]  (fi'-ri  na-tiu'-ri).  Of  a  wild  nature. 
Fauna-Flora. 

fe'-rine.  Wild;  malignant.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence. t 

fer'-i-ty.     Wildness.     Charitableness-Malevolence. 

fer'-ment.  To  produce  fermentation;  agitate;  a  sub- 
stance capable  of  producing  fermentation.  Agita- 
tion, Emotion,  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Fa- 
vorite-Anger, Heaviness-Lightness,  Regular- 
ity-Irregularity, Turbulence-Calmness,  Vig- 
or-Inertia; Viscidity-Foam,  in  a  ferment,  Excita- 
tion, Regularity-Irregularity. 

fer"-men-ta'-tion.  A  chemical  decomposition  of  an 
organic  compound.  Biology,  Vigor- Inertia, 
Viscidity-Foam;  acetous  fermentation,  Sweetness- 
■  Acidity. 

fern.  A  flowerless  plant  of  the  order  Filices.  Fauna- 
Flora. 

fe-ro'-cious.  Fierce.  Agitation,  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

fe-roc'-i-ty.  Fierce  cruelty.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Turbulence-Calmness. 

fer'-ran-dine.  A  seventeenth  century  fabric.  Dress- 
Undress. 

Fer-ra'-ra.  A  sword  made  by  one  of  the  family  of 
Ferrara.     Weapon. 

fer'-ret  out.  To  search  out.  Discovery,  Investiga- 
tion-Answer. 

fer'-ric.     Pertaining  to  iron.     Chemistry. 

fer'-ry.  To  cross  a  body  of  water  in  a  boat  or  neat; 
the  place  where  boats  cross  regularly.  Transfer, 
Way. 

fer'-ry-boat".  A  boat  for  conveying  persons  and  things 
across  a  body  of  water.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

fer'-ry-man.  One  who  has  charge  of  a  ferry.  Way- 
farer-Seafarer. 

fer'-tile.  Producing  or  capable  of  producing.  Fancy, 
Fertility-Sterility;  fertile  imagination,  Fancy. 

fer-til'-i-ty.    Fruitfulness.     Fertility-Sterility. 


FERTILITY— STERILITY. 


Fecundity.  Productiveness  in  general;  specifically  reproductive 
power. 

Fertility.  The  state  of  being  fertile,  of. producing  vegetation  in 
abundance. 

Fertilization.     The  act  or  process  of  rendering  fertile. 

Fructification.  The  forming  of  fruit;  a  rendering  productive  of 
fruit . 

Luxuriance .     State  of  being  superabundant  in  growth . 

Multiplication.  The  act  of  multiplying;  of  making  more  numer- 
ous. 

Pregnancy.     Fruitfulness  in  bearing  children. 

Procreation.     Generation  and  production  of  young. 

Productiveness.  A  yielding  in  abundance;  fertility.  See  Adjec- 
tives. 

Propagation.  The  spreading  abroad;  the  multiplying  and  dissemi- 
nating. 

Pullulation.     A  budding. 

Superfetation.     Double  fetation.  , 

Uberty.     Fruitfulness. 

Fertility — Associated  Nouns. 

Hydra.     A  small  fresh-water  animal,  the  pieces  or  parts  of  whose 

body  grow  into  complete  hydra. 
Land   flowing   with    milk   and    honey.      A  very   productive  land. 

[Joshua  v,  6.] 
Milch  cow.     A  cow  that  gives  milk. 
Protoplasm.     The  original  cell  substances  of  vegetable  and  animal 

life. 
Rabbit.     A  small,  remarkably  prolific  animal. 
Seed-plot.     A  place  where  plants  are  cultivated  for  the  seed. 
Warren.     A  place  for  keeping  animals,  as  hares,  pheasants,  etc. 


See 


Impotence.     A  lack  of  the  power  of  reproduction ;  barrenness. 

Might-Impotence. 
Infecundity.     Want  of  fecundity;  sterility. 
Infertility.     Want  of  fertility ;  unproductiveness. 
Sterility.     Want  of  reproductive  power. 

Unproductiveness.     Want  of  productiveness.     See  Adjectives. 
Unprofitableness.     Want  of  profitableness.     See  Usefulness-Use- 

lessness. 

Sterility — Associated  Nouns. 

Desert.     A  barren  tract  incapable  of  supporting  population. 
Howling  wilderness.     A  wild  country.     [Deuteronomy  xj^x.n,  io.| 
Sahara.     A  great  desert  in  Northern  Africa. 
Waste.     An  unproductive  tract  of  land. 
Wild.     A  forest  or  desert. 

Wilderness.     A   region   uncultivated   and   uninhabited   by   human 
beings. 

Sterility — Verbs. 

Be  unproductive.     See  Adjectives. 
Come  to  nothing.     To  have  no  result. 

Flash  in  the  pan.     To  discharge  the  powder  in  the  pan  without  dis- 
charging the  load ;  hence,  to  be  an  abortive,  unproductive  attempt 
Hang  fire.     To  fail  to  explode ;  come  to  nothing. 

Sterility — Adjectives. 
Addled.     Spoiled  and  unproductive,  as  addled  eggs. 
Arid.     Parched  and  dry;  barren. 
Barren.     Incapable  of  producing  anything;  sterile. 
Fallow.     Plowed  and  unseeded;  uncultivated. 
Fruitless.     Without  fruit  or  result. 
Infecund.     Not  producing  young. 


FERTILITY— STERILITY. 


409 


FIB. 


Fertility — Verbs. 

Conceive.    To  become  pregnant  with. 

Fecundate.     To  make  fruitful;  impregnate. 

Fecundify.     To  make  fruitful. 

Fertilize.     To  render  fruitful;  enrich. 

Fructify.     To  render  fruitful. 

Generate.     To  produce;  beget. 

Impregnate.     To  make  pregnant  or  productive. 

Hake  productive.     See  Adjectives. 

Multiply.     To  increase  in  numbers. 

Procreate.     To  generate  and  produce. 

Produce.     To  bring  into  being.     See  Creation. 

Spermatize.     To  yield  seed. 

Teem.     To  bring  forth;  be  full  or  abundant. 

Fertility — Adjectives. 
Fecund.     Fruitful,  as  in  children. 

Fertile.     Producing  in  abundance ;  capable  of  productiveness. 
Frugiferous.     Fruit-bearing. 

Fruit-bearing.      Having  fruit  in  distinction  from  vegetables. 
Fruitful.     Fertile;  productive. 

Generative.      Having  power  to  generate  or  produce. 
Life-giving.     Giving  life  or  animation. 
Luxuriant.      Producing  in  superabundance. 
Muciparous.     Producing  many  at  one  birth. 
Omnific.     All-creating. 
Parturient.     Giving  birth  to  a  child.     See  Creation. 

fer"-ti-li-za'-tion.  The  act  or  process  of  rendering 
fertile.     Biology,  Fertility-Sterility. 

fer'-ti-lize.  To  make  fruitful  or  productive.  Fer- 
tility-Sterility. 

fer"-til-i'-zer.     Manure,  etc.     Chemistry. 

fer'-ule.  A  flat  stick  for  striking  on  the  hand.  Recom- 
pense-Scourge; come  under  the  ferule,  Approval- 
Disapproval. 

ier'-ven-cy.     Heat  of  mind.     Emotion. 

fer'-vent.  Ardent  in  feeling;  very  hot.  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Emotion,  Heat-Cold;  fervent  hope,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness. 

fer'-vid.  Burning  with  zeal;  fiery.  Devotion-Idola- 
try, Emotion,  Excitation,  Heat-Cold. 

fer'-vor.  Ardor;  heat.  Emotion,  Heat-Cold,  Love- 
Hate. 

Fes'-cen-nine.     Indelicate.     Purity-Impurity. 

fes'-tal.  Pertaining  to  a  festival,  feast,  or  holiday. 
Sociability-Privacy. 

fes'-ter.  To  ulcerate.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Health- 
Sickness. 

Jestina  lente  [L.]  (fes-tai'-na  len'-ti).  Hasten  slowly. 
Recklessness-Caution. 

fes'-ti-val.  A  time  of  feasting  or  celebration.  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness, Sociability-Privacy. 

fes'-tive.  Festal.  Entertainment-Weariness,  So- 
ciability-Privacy. 

fes-tiv'-i-ty.  Gaiety,  as  at  a  feast.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Sociability-Privacy. 

/es-toon'.  A  length  of  any  decorative  material  hanging 
in  a  curve  between  two  points.  Architecture, 
Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement. 

/es-tooned'.  Ornamented  with  festoons.  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement. 

fetch.  To  go  after  and  bring;  to  bring  as  a  price;  a 
stratagem.  Arrival-Departure,  Price-Discount, 
Transfer,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  fetch  and  carry, 
Aim-Aberration,  Presumption-Obsequiousness; 
fetch  a  sigh,  Jubilation-Lamentation;  fetch  one  a 
blow,  Attack-Defense,  Impetus-Reaction. 

je'e  [F.]  (fet).  A  festival.  Entertainment- Weari- 
ness, Pomp. 

fete  [F.]  (f£-te').  Feasted.  Sociability-Privacy, 
Solemnization. 

fe'-tich.      Fetish. 

fet'-id.  Emitting  an  offensive  odor.  Animality-Vege- 
tability.  Perfume-Stench. 


FERTILITY— STERILITY— Continued. 

STERILITY — Adjectives — Continued. 

Inoperative.     Producing  no  effect;  not  active. 

Issueless.     Without  issue ;  unable  to  have  issue. 

Null  and  void. '  T 

Of  no  effect.     i  I™!*™*™- 

Sine  prole  [L.].     Without  offspring. 

Sterile.     Having  no  productive  power;  barren. 

Teemless.     Barren. 

Unfertile.     Not  rich  or  productive. 

Unfruitful.     Not  producing  abundant  results. 

Unproductive.     Not  productive. 

Unprofitable.     Not  profitable.     See  Uselessness. 

Unprolific.      Not  producing  offspring  or  fruit. 


FERTILITY — Adjectives — Continued. 
Pregnant.     Being  with  young ;  big  with  child. 
Procreant.     Generative;  productive. 
Procreative.      Having  power  to  generate. 

Productive.      Having  the  power  of  producing;  yielding  in  abundance 
Profitable.     Bringing  profit;  lucrative.     See  Usefulness. 
Prolific.      Producing  young,  with  the  idea  of  frequency  and  numbers. 
Propagable.     Capable  of  being  spread,  continued,  or  multiplied. 
Spermatic.     Relating  or  pertaining  to  semen. 
Teemful.     Prolific. 
Teeming.     Productive. 
Uberous.     Abundantly  fruitful. 

fe-tish.  A  material  object  worshiped  among  savages. 
Devotion-Charm,  Devotion-Idolatry,  Devotion- 
Magic. 

fe'-tish-ism.  The  worship  of  fetishes.  Devotion- 
Idolatry,  Devotion-Magic. 

fe'-tor.  Stench.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Perfume- 
Stench. 

fet'-ter.  To  shackle.  Release-Prison,  Release-Re- 
straint, Union-Disunion. 

fet'-tle.  To  repair.    Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

fe'-tus.     Embryo.     Anatomy. 

feu  d'enfer  [F.]  (fu  dan'-fer').  A  devil  of  a  fire.  At- 
tack-Defense. 

feu  de  joie  [F.]  (fu  de  zhwa).  A  bonfire.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Solemnization. 

feud.  Vindictive  strife  between  persons  or  parties; 
land  held  on  condition  of  rendering  service.  Prop- 
erty, Variance-Accord. 

feu'-dal.  Relating  to  a  feud,  or  fee.  Liberty-Subjec- 
tion, Property,  Success-Failure. 

feud'-al-ism.  The  feudal  system.  Liberty-Subjec- 
tion, Rule-License. 

feud-al'-i-ty.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  feudal. 
Liberty-Subjection. 

feu'-da-to-ry.  Held  by  feudal  tenure.  Liberty-Sub- 
jection. 

fe'-ver.  A  high  temperature  of  the  body;  extreme 
emotional  excitement.  Excitability-Inexcitabil- 
ity,  Health-Sickness,  Heat-Cold;  fever  heat,  Ex- 
citability-Inexcitability. 

fe'-ver-ish.  Affected  with  fever;  impatient.  Emotion, 
Excitability-Inexcitability,  Excitation,  Hurry- 
Leisure. 

few.  Not  many.  Frequency-Rarity,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Multiplicity-Paucity;  a  few,  Plu- 
rality-Fraction ;  few  and  far  between,  Continuity- 
Interruption,  Multiplicity-Paucity;  few  words, 
Digest,  Talkativeness-Taciturnity,  Terseness- 
Prolixity. 

few'-ness.  Smallness  of  number.  Frequency-Rarity, 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Multiplicity-Paucity. 

fez.     A  brimless  hat.     Dress-Undress. 

fiancee.     A  betrothed  person.     Love-Hate. 

fi-as'-co.     A  complete  failure.     Success-Failure. 

fi'-at.     An  authoritative  command.     Order. 

fib.  An  untruth  told  without  evil  intent.  Strife- 
Peace.  Truthfulness-Fabrication,  Truthful- 
ness-Falsehood. 


FIBER. 


410 


FIGHTING— CONCILIATION. 


fi'-ber.    A  fine  filament.    Connective,  Lamina-Fiber. 

fi'-bril-lous.    Pertaining  to  fibers.     Lamina-Fiber. 

fi'-brous.  Containing,  or  consisting  of  fibers.  Lamina- 
Fiber. 

fib'-u-la.    Bone  in  lower  leg.    Anatomy. 

fick'-le.  Unduly  changeable.  Determination-Vacil- 
lation, Mutability-Stability,  Persistence-Whim. 

fick'-le-ness.  Inconstancy.  Determination-Vacil- 
lation. 

fic'-tile.     Plastic.     Form-Formlessness. 

fic'-tion.  That  which  is  feigned  or  imagined.  Truth- 
fulness-Fabrication; work  of  fiction,  Account, 
Fancy. 

fic-ti'-tious.  Belonging  to  fiction.  Truthfulness- 
Fabrication. 

fid'-dle.  A  violin;  to  play  a  fiddle.  Musical  Instru- 
ments, Musician. 

fid"-dle-de-dee'.  Nonsense.  Adage-Nonsense,  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Regard-Scorn. 

fid'-dle-fad"-dle.  Idle  talk.  Activity-Indolence, 
Consequence-Insignificance,  Meaning-Jargon. 

fid'-dler.  One  who  plays  a  fiddle.  Musician;  drunk 
as  a  fiddler,  Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

fid'-dle-stick" .  A  fiddle-bow.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Musical  Instruments;  fiddlestick-end, 
Consequence-Insignificance. 

fi-del'-i-ty.  Faithfulness  in  the  discharge  of  duty ;  reli- 
ability. Observance-Nonobservance,  Patriot- 
ism-Treason, Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Upright- 
ness-Dishonesty. 

Fides,  JustiticE  soror  incorrupia  [L.]  (fai'-diz,  jus-ti'- 
shi-i  so'-ror  in-cor-rup'-ta) .  Uncorrupt  Faith,  sister 
of  Justice.     Faith-Misgiving,  Right-Wrong. 

fidg'-et.  Nervous  restlessness.  Activity-Indolence, 
Excitability  -  Inexcitability,  Hurry  -  Leisure, 
Mutability-Stability. 

fid'-get-i-ness.  Restlessness.  Activity-Indolence, 
Excitability-Inexcitability. 

fidg'-et-y.  Restless.  Activity-Indolence,  Deter- 
mination -  Vacillation,  Excitability  -  Inexcita- 
bility. Favorite-Quarrelsomeness,  Sanguine- 
ness-Timidity. 

fi-du'-cial.     Undoubting.     Faith-Misgiving. 

fi-du'-ci-a-ry.  Pertaining  to  a  guardian  or  trustee; 
trustful.     Faith-Misgiving. 

fidus  Achates  [L.]  (fai'-dus  a-ke'-tiz).  A  true  friend. 
Antagonist- Assistant,  Friend-Foe,  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

fie.  An  expression  of  impatience  or  disapproval.  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Reputation-Discredit;  fie 
upon  it,  Approval-Disapproval. 

fief.     A  fee;  feud.     Property. 

fiel,  pero  desdichado  [Sp .]  (f i-el' ,  per'-o  des-di-tcha'-do) . 
Faithful,  but  unfortunate.     Welfare-Misfortune. 

field.  A  piece  of  land  larger  than  a  garden  or  plot;  a 
region;  a  sphere  of  action;  the  open  country.  Do- 
mestication-Agriculture, Extension-District, 
Gulf-Plain,  Lists,  Occupation,  Property;  beasts 
of  the  field,  Fauna-Flora;  field  of  inquiry,  Concep- 
tion-Theme, Investigation- Answer;    field   of   in- 


vestigation, Investigation- Answer;  field  of  view, 
Conception-Theme,  Sight-Blindness,  Visibility- 
Invisibility;  take  the  field,  Fighting-Concilia- 
tion. 

field'-day" .  A  day  of  military  display ;  a  college  holiday 
devoted    to    athletic    sports.  Entertainment- 

Weariness,  Pomp,  Strife-Peace. 

field'-glass".     A  spy-glass.     Optical  Instruments. 

field'-mar"-shal.  A  general  officer  of  the  highest  rank 
in  the  armies  of  several  European  nations.  Chief- 
Underling. 

field'-piece".  A  cannon  mounted  on  wheels  for  rapid 
movement.     Weapon. 

field'-preach"-er.  An  open-air  preacher.  Ministry- 
Laity. 

field'-work".  A  temporary  fortification.  Attack-De- 
fense. 

fiend.  An  evil  spirit;  a  very  wicked  person.  Bene- 
factor-Evildoer, Jove-Fiend. 

fiend'-ish.  Like  a  fiend,  malignant.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence, Jove-Fiend. 

fiend'-like.  Fiendish.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Jove-Fiend,  Virtue-Vice. 

fierce.  Having  a  cruel  or  violent  nature;  ferocious. 
Bravery-Cowardice,  Excitability-Inexcitabil- 
ity, Favorite-Anger,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

fierce'-ness.   Violence.    Excitability-Inexcitability. 

-fieri  facias  [L.]  (fai'-e-rai  fe'-shi-as) .  A  writ  ordering  a 
judgment  to  be  satisfied  by  levy  on  the  personal 
property  of  the  defendant.  Law-Lawlessness, 
Settlement-Default. 

fier'-i-ness.  Spiritedness.  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility. 

fier'-y.  Like  fire;  impetuous.  Emotion,  Excitabil- 
ity-Inexcitability,   Favorite-Anger,    Favorite- 

8UARRELSOMENESS,  HeAT-CoLD,  TurBULENCE- 
almness;  fiery  cross,  Sign;  fiery  furnace,  Oven- 
Refrigerator;  fiery  imagination,  Fancy;  fiery 
ordeal,  Pleasure-Pain. 

fife.  A  small  flute-like  wind  instrument.  Musical 
Instruments. 

fi'-fer.     One  who  plays  on  a  fife.     Musician. 

fifth.  Next  in  order  after  the  fourth;  one  of  the  five 
equal  parts  of  a  unit.     Five-Quinquesection. 

fif'-ty.     Five  times  ten.     Five-Quinquesection. 

fig.  A  fruit  of  any  one  of  the  species  Ficus;  a  trifle. 
Consequence-Insignificance;  fig  out,  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement; in  the  name  of  the 
prophet,  figs,  Adage-Nonsense. 

fight.  To  contend.  Fighting-Conciliation,  Strife- 
Peace;  fight  against  destiny,  Bigotry  -  Apostasy; 
fight  it  out,  Fighting-Conciliation;  fight  one's 
battles  again,  Account;  fight  one's  way,  Activity- 
Indolence,  Quest -Evasion,  Toil -Relaxation; 
fight  shy,  Bravery-Cowardice,  Quest-Evasion; 
fight  the  good  fight,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Virtub- 
Vice. 

fight'-er.     A  combatant.     Belligerent. 

fight'-ing.  Ready  or  disposed  to  fight.  Fighting- 
Conciliation. 


FIGHTING— CONCILIATION. 


Active  service.     Military  duty. 

Battle.     A  fight  between  armies. 

Campaign.  An  organized  action  or  movement  for  carrying  on  a 
contest;  a  taking  the  field. 

Campaigning.     Act  of  engaging  in  military  operations. 

Civil  war.  A  war  between  different  sections  or  parties  of  the  same 
country. 

Crusade.  A  concerted  movement  or  enterprise,  undertaken  enthusi- 
astically; especially  that  of  Europeans  to  recover  Jerusalem 
for  the  holy  cross. 

Expedition.  A  military  enterprise  or  march  of  an  army  for  a  hostile 
purpose. 


Accommodation.     Adjustment  of  differences;  agreement. 

Adjustment.     The  act  of  settling  or  making  right. 

Amnesty.     General  pardon  of  past  offenses  by  a  government. 

Arrangement.     A  settling  of  differences  by  agreement. 

Compromise.  Agreement  to  settle  differences  by  mutual  conces- 
sions. 

Conciliation.  The  act  of  bringing  to  a  friendly  state  those  formerly 
at  enmity  or  variance. 

Pacification.     The  act  of  peacemaking. 

Pax  in  bello  [L.].     Peace  in  war. 

R  ...   ..       '  r  Restoration  to  a  state  of  harmony. 


FIGHTING. 


411 


CONCILIATION. 


FIGHTING— CONCILIATION— Continued. 


Fighting.     A  contest  for  advantage  or  superiority.     See  Verbs. 

Guerre  a  mort  [F.].     War  to  the  death. 

Guerre  a  outrance  [F.J.     War  to  the  uttermost. 

Hostilities.     Open  warfare;  attacks  of  an  enemy. 

Internecine  war.     War  to  the  death. 

Mobilization.     Calling  out  and  preparing  trcops  for  active  service. 

Open  war.     War  carried  on  to  the  knowledge  of  all. 

Ordeal  of  battle.     See  Wager  op  battle. 

Service.     Active  military  duty. 

State  of  siege.  The  condition  of  a  fortified  place  subject  to  a  con- 
tinued attempt  to  gain  possession  of  it. 

Tug-of-war.  An  athletic  contest  in  which  two  opposing  parties  try 
to  pull  each  other  out  of  certain  positions. 

Wager.  The  settling  of  a  cause  by  single  combat  between  accuser 
and  accused,  or  their  substitutes.     See  Strife-Peace. 

War.     An  armed  contest  between  nations  or  states. 

Warfare.     The  waging  or  carrying  on  of  war. 

War  to  the  death.  \  War  carried  on  until  one  or  both  of  the  parties 

War  to  the  knife,  i       engaged  are  killed. 

Fighting — Nouns  of  Means. 

Arms.     Weapons  of  war,  collectively. 

Gunpowder.     A  chemical  composition  used  in  guns. 

Shot.     Balls  or  bullets  for  firearms. 

Fighting — Nouns  of  Instrument,  etc. 

Battle-cry.     A  cry  to  rally  men  in  batt»e. 

Beat  of  drum.     Beats  on  a  drum  to  call  to  arms  or  to  quarters. 

Bugle.  A  military  musical  instrument  used  to  convey  the  com- 
mands of  officers. 

Calumet  of  war.     An  Indian  pipe  whose  rejection  means  war. 

Clarion.     A  clear  shrill  trumpet  used  in  warfare. 

Fire-cross.  A  Scottish  signal  summoning  men  to  arms  within  a 
limited  time. 

Foot-guards.     Infantry  soldiers. 

Password.  That  which  upon  utterance  entitles  one  to  pass  war 
fortifications,  etc. 

Pibroch.     The  wild  martial  music  of  the  bagpipe. 

Rappel.     Beat  of  drum  to  call  soldiers  to  arms. 

Slogan.     A  Highland  war-cry  or  gathering  cry. 

Tom-tom.     A  sonorous  drum  of  the  East  Indies  used  in  war-dances. 

Trumpet.     A  wind  instrument  used  in  giving  military  orders. 

War-cry.     A  national  cry  made  in  charging  the  enemy  in  battle. 

War-whoop.     Yell  uttered  by  savages  in  advancing  to  battle. 

Watchword.     An  identifying  word  given  to  sentinels. 

Word  of  command.     An  injunction;  an  order. 

Fighting — Associated  Words. 

Art  of  war.     Principles  underlying  warfare. 

Ballistics.     The  science  or  art  of  hurling  projectiles. 

Battle  array.     A  regular  arrangement  of  troops;  order  of  battle. 

Castrametation.     The  art  or  practise  of  encamping. 

Chivalry.     The  system  of  knighthood. 

Generalship.     Military  skill. 

Gunnery.     The  science  and  art  of  managing  guns,  mortars,  etc. 

Kriegspiel.     Game  of  military  maneuvers,  used  for  training  officers. 

Military  evolutions.  Various  evolutions  and  maneuvers  that  troops 
go  through  in  practise  drilling. 

Soldiership.     Martial  skill. 

Strategy.  The  science  of  carrying  on  complicated  military  move- 
ments; the  art  of  leading  an  army. 

Tactics.  The  science  and  art  of  disposing  land  and  naval  forces  for 
attack  and  defense. 


Battle-field. 
Tented-field. 


Fighting — Nouns  of  Place. 

A  place  where  a  battle  has  been  fought.     See  Lists. 
A  field  covered  with  tents  for  military  purposes. 

Fighting — Figurative  Nouns. 


Appeal  to  arms.     Resort  to  war,  as  to  a  supreme  court. 

Appeal  to  the  sword.     Resort  to  war  to  obtain  a  country's  claims. 

Arbitrament  of  the  sword.     Settlement  by  war. 

Bellona.     Roman  goddess  of  war;  personified,  war. 

Grim-visaged  war.     Stern,  relentless,  cruel  war. 

Horrida  bella  [L.]     Severe  and  frightful  war.  "Hath  smoothed  his 

wrinkled  front."     [Shakespeare,  King  Henry  VI,  V,  vi.] 
Mars.     Roman  god  of  war;  figuratively,  war. 
The  sword.     Destruction  by  war;  justice. 
Ultima  ratio  regum  [L.].     The  last  resource  of  kings;  war. 


Shaking  of  hands.     Agreement  to  forget  past  differences. 

Terms.  Conditions  of  settlement  which  the  contracting  parties  agree 
upon. 

Conciliation — Denotations,  etc. 

Armistice.     A  cessation  from  war  for  a  short  time. 

Breathing  time.     Pause;  relaxation. 

Cartel.  A  written  agreement  between  belligerents  for  an  exchange 
of  prisoners ;  the  cessation  of  hostilities  during  such  exchange. 

Convention.     An  agreement  preliminary  to  a  treaty. 

Deed  of  release.  A  writing  or  instrument  by  which  one  person  gives 
up  to  another  person  his  rights  in  any  property. 

Drawn  battle.  A  battle  in  which  neither  side  has  gained  an  advan- 
tage. 

Flag  of  truce.     A  white  flag  displayed  as  an  invitation  to  conference. 

Hollow  truce.     A  truce  not  to  be  depended  on. 

Parlementaire  [F.].     A  flag  of  truce. 

0 . m (A  short  truce  or  cessation  of  operations. 

suspension  or  arms.  J  ,  ,      ^.i.  .  «■ 

■     :   -^  ",,1  luuOTri„    j      agreed  on  by  the  commanders,  as  foi 
suspension  of  hostilities.  [      ,    _         ...  ,'     -  .    ■ 

*-     burying  the  dead,  surrender,  etc. 

White  flag.     A  flag  of  truce,  or  a  flag  denoting  surrender. 
Truce .     A  temporary  cessation  of  hostilities. 

Conciliation — Nouns  of  Means. 

Peace  offering.     An  offering  for  the  sake  of  reconciliation. 
Preliminaries  of  peace.     Introductory  arrangements  for  peace. 

Conciliation — Figurative  Nouns. 

Calumet  of  peace.     A  North  American  Indian  pipe  whose  acceptance 

denotes  peace. 
Olive-branch.     Emblem  of  peace. 

Conciliation — Verbs. 

Accommodate  differences.     To  adjust;  settle. 

Accommodate  matters.     To  adapt  things  one  to  the  other. 

Allay.     To  make  quiet;  pacify.     See  Calmness. 

Arrange  differences.     To  come  to  an  agreement  or  settlement. 

Arrange  matters.     To  agree  as  to  the  details  of. 

Be  pacified.     To  be  appeased ;  be  restored  to  a  condition  of  peace 

Bridge  over.     To  cause  to  change  sides  in  a  dispute  or  contest. 

Bring  to  terns.     To  compel  to  agree,  or  assent. 

Bury  the  hatchet.     To  forget  injuries  and  make  peace 

Close  the  temple  of  Janus.     To  enter  upon  a  period  of  peace. 

Come  round.     To  assent  or  agree  after  some  opposition. 

Come  to  an  understanding.  To  arrive  at  an  intelligent  settlement  or 
agreement. 

Come  to  terms.     To  settle  terms  of  agreement. 

Compose.     To  adjust  or  settle,  as  a  dispute. 

Conciliate.     To  bring  to  a  state  of  friendliness;  pacify. 

Heal  the  breach.     To  reconcile;  make  whole. 

Hold  out  the  olive-branch.     To  promise  or  offer  peace. 

Hush  up.     To  become  silent ;  suppress. 

Keep  the  peace.  To  avoid  or  prevent  a  breach  of  the  peace.  See 
Variance-Accord. 

Lay  down  one's  arms.     To  give  up  hostilities;  relinquish. 

Make  it  up.     To  arrange  a  settlement;  become  peaceful. 

Make  matters  up.     To  come  to  a  settlement  about  past  differences. 

Make  peace.     To  agree  to  be  peaceful. 

Make  up  a  quarrel.     To  renew  peaceful  relations. 

Meet  half-way.     To  make  mutual  concession. 

Pacify.     To  bring  into  a  peaceful  state. 

Placate.  To  bring  from  a  state  of  variance  into  one  of  friendliness; 
appease 

Propitiate.     To  appease  one  who  is  offended. 

Put  up  the  sword.     To  lay  aside  all  differences. 

Raise  a  siege.     To  relinquish  the  attempt  to  take  a  place. 

Reconcile.     To  adjust,  as  differences;  reunite  after  estrangement. 

Restore  harmony.     To  renew  or  reestablish  good  feeling. 

Shake  hands.     To  become  reconciled,  as  friends. 

Set  straight.     To  adjust;  arrange. 

Settle  differences.  To  wipe  out  all  differences;  come  to  a  final  settle- 
ment. 

Settle  matters.     To  agree  about  matters  at  issue,  even  to  the  details. 

Sheathe  the  sword.     To  make  peace ;  cease  the  struggle. 

Smoke  the  calumet  of  peace.     To  enter  into  peace  negotiations. 

Tantas  componere  lites  [L.].     To  adjust  all  disputes. 

Tranquilize.     To  make  calm  or  peaceful. 

Turn  swords  into  plowshares.     To  return  to  peaceful  times. 

Conc  il  i  at  i  on — A  djectives . 
Composing.     Being  in  a  state  of  adjusting  or  settling.     See  Verbs. 
Conciliatory.     Tending  to  placate  or  mollify. 
Pacified.     Restored  to  peace.     See  Verbs. 


FIGHTING. 


412 


FIGURATIVE. 


FIGHTING— CONCILIATION— Continued. 


Fighting — Verbs. 
Appeal  to  arms.     To  settle  a  difference  by  war. 
Appeal  to  the  sword.     To  obtain  claims  by  recourse  to  arms. 
Arm.     To  provide  with  arms. 
Battle  with.     To  contend  or  strive  with. 
Be  on  active  service.     To  be  employed  in  actual  warfare. 
Be  on  service.     To  be  on  employment  in  the  army  or  navy. 
Be  under  fire.     To  be  in  an  engagement. 

Break  a  lance  with.     To  enter  the  lists  with;  oppose  oneself  to. 
Campaign.     To  serve  or  operate  in  a  campaign. 
Carry  on  hostilities.     To  keep  up  a  contest  or  struggle. 
Carry  on  war.     To  maintain  war. 
Combat.     To  fight;  struggle  with. 
Come  to  blows.     To  engage  in  combat;  fight. 
Come  to  close  quarters.     To  get  into  immediate  contact. 
Contend.     To  contest,  as  in  battle.     See  Strife. 
Cross  swords.     To  engage  in  a  combat. 

Cry  havoc.     To  set  up  a  signal  cry  for  indiscriminate  slaughter 
Declare  war.     To  announce  a  state  of  war  as  existing. 
Dig  up  the  hatchet.     To  enter  upon  hostilities  anew. 
Do  battle.     To  engage  in  battle. 
Draw  the  sword.     To  enter  a  contest. 

Draw  the  trigger.     To  take  up  a  fight.  , 

Engage.     To  encounter;  bring  to  conflict. 
Engage  in  battle.     To  enter  into  conflict;  join  battle. 
Enlist.     To  engage  for  military  service ;  register. 
Enroll.     To  enter  in  an  army  or  naval  register. 
Fall  to.     To  begin,  as  battle. 
Fight.     To  contend  for  victory 
Fight  hand  to  hand.     To  combat  at  close  quarters. 
Fight  it  out.     To  contend  until  a  decisive  result  is  reached. 
Fight  like  devils.     To  combat  as  if  endowed  with,  superhuman  power. 
Fight  one's  way      To  gain  or  win  by  continuous  struggling. 
Fight  the  good  fight.     To  contend  in  a  noble  cause. 
Flesh  one's  »word.     To  use  or  bury  one's  weapon  into  flesh  for  the 

first  time. 
Fling  away  the  scabbard.     To  engage  in  a  conflict  to  the  death. 
Fly  to  arms.     To  rush  to  arms  suddenly. 
Give  battle.     To  attack  an  enemy. 
Go  to  battle.     To  come  or  move  into  the  conflict. 
Go  to  war.     To  start  for  the  seat  of  the  war. 


Conciliation — Phrase. 
Requiescat  in  pace  [L.]  R.  I.  P.     May  he  or  she  rest  in  peace. 


FIGHTING — Verbs— Continued. 

Hoist  the  black  flag.  To  show  a  desire  for  a  conflict;  express  defiance. 
Imbrue  the  hands  in  blood.     To  engage  in  a  murderous  struggle ;  spill 

blood. 
Join  battle.     To  engage  in  battle;  meet  the  attack. 
Keep  the  field.     To  continue  a  campaign;  hold  one's  ground  against 

all  comers. 
Kindle  the  torch  of  war.     To  excite  or  arouse  to  warlike  action. 
Let  slip  the  dogs  of  war.     To  begin  or  start  a  conflict. 
Light  the  torch  of  war.     To  declare  war. 

Measure  swords  with.     To  match  one's  abilities  with  an  antagonist. 
Mobilize  troops.     To  put  troops  in  a  state  of  readiness  for  active 

service. 

Raise  one's  banner.     To  announce  one's  side  in  a  conflict. 

Raise  the  fire-cross.     To  summon  men  to  arms. 

Raise  troops.     To  collect  or  obtain  troops. 

Rise  up  in  arms.     To  commence  war. 

See  active  service,  1  ^     ,     ,    .     •  ,     , 

0  .  c  To  do  duty  in  an  actual  war. 

See  service.  i 

Sell  one's  life  dearly.  To  cause  great  damage  or  loss  to  those  who 
are  seeking  one's  life. 

Serve.     To  do  service,  as  in  an  army. 

Set-to.     To  apply  oneself,  as  in  an  encounter. 

Shoulder  a  musket.     To  take  part  in  hostilities. 

Smell  powder.     To  be  in  a  battle. 

Spill  blood.     To  shed  blood,  or  suffer  it  to  be  shed,  as  in  battle. 

Take  the  field.     To  enter  upon  a  campaign. 

Take  the  law  into  one's  own  hands.  To  administer  punishment  with- 
out a  previous  trial. 

Take  up  arms.     To  commence  hostilities. 

Take  up  the  cudgels.     To  engage  in  a  contest.     See  Strife. 

Take  up  the  sword.     To  begin  war. 

Throw  away  the  scabbard.  To  enter  actively  and  unfettered  into  a 
struggle. 

Unsheathe  the  sword.     To  make  war. 

Wage  war.     To  carry  on  war. 

Wield  the  sword.     To  challenge  or  defy. 


Fighting — Adjectives, 


Armed.     Furnished  with  weapons  for  fighting. 

Armed  cap-d~pie.     Covered  with  armor;  totally  sheathed 

Armed  to  the  teeth.     Entirely  equipped  with  arms. 

Armigerous.     Bearing  arms. 

At  war  with.     Fighting ;  contending. 

Bellicose.     Inclined  to  war. 

Belligerent.     Carrying  on  war    waging  war. 

Bristling  with  arms.     Conspicuously  covered  with  arms. 

Chivalrous.     Pertaining  to  chivalry ,  warlike. 

Combative.     Disposed  to  fight. 

Contending.     Defending;  fighting. 

Contentious.     Relating  to  strife ,  fond  of  contention.     See  Stripe. 

Embattled.     Furnished  with  embattlements ;  ready  for  battle. 

In  arms.     Ready  or  prepared  to  fight. 

In  battle  array.     Equipped  and  waiting  for  battle. 


In  open  arms.     At  war. 

Internecine.     Seeking  mutual  destruction. 

In  the  field.     Out  for  warlike  purposes;  looking  for  battle. 

Martial.     Pertaining  to  war;  military- 

Militant.     Of  a  warlike  disposition ;  engaged  in  warfare. 

Military.     Relating  to  soldiers,  arms,  or  warfare. 

Soldier-like.     Brave . 

Soldierly.     Like  or  characteristic  of  a  real  soldier;  heroic. 

Strategical.     Effected  by  artifice. 

Sword  in  hand.     Ready  for  the  fray. 

Under  arms.     Drawn  up  fully  armed  and  equipped. 

Unpacific.     Not  inclined  to  conciliation. 

Unpeaceful.     Unquiet. 

Up  in  arms.     Eager  for  war;  in  a  warlike  attitude. 

Warlike.     Disposed  for  war;  menacing  war. 


Fighting — Adverbs. 
In  the  ca 
In  the  thick  of  the  fray 


In  the  cannon's  mouth  X  In  the   center  of  active  fighting  during  a 
)      combat. 


Fl  Gh  TIN  g — Interjections. 

Vce  victisf  [L.|     Woe  to  the  vanquished! 


At  the  point  of  the  bayonet.}  Undef  i,,,.,^,,. 
At  the  sword's  point.  >  " 

Flagrante  bcllo  [L.J.     During  hostilities. 

To  arms  I 

To  your  tents,  0  Israeli 

Fighting — Phrases. 
Bis  peccare  in  bello  non  licet  [L.|.    To  blunder  twice  in  war  is  not       Mars  gravior  sub  pace  latet  [L.J.     More  serious  war  lurks  under  the 

permitted.  peace     [Claudius,  IV  Honorius,  307.] 

Jus  gladii  [L.J.     Law  of  the  sword.  Si  vis  pacem,  para  bellum  [L.J.     If  you  wish  peace,  prepare  for  war. 

The  battle  rages. 


fight'-ing-cock".        A      game-cock.        Belligerent, 

Bravery-Cowardice. 
fight'-ing-man".     A  man,  able,  qualified,  or  ready  to 

fight.     Belligerent. 
fig'-ment.     Something  imagined.     Fancy. 
fig"-u-rante'.     A  ballet-dancer.     Acting. 
fig'-ur-ate.     Of  a  certain  determinate  figure.     Number. 
fig'-u-rate  num'-ber.     One  of  a  series  of  numbers  begin- 


ning with  unity,  and  so  formed  that  if  each  be  sub- 
tracted from  the  following,  and  the  series  so  formed 
be  treated  in  the  same  way,  by  a  continuation  of  the 
process,  equal  differences  will  be  obtained.  Num- 
ber. 

fig"-ur-a'-tion.'  The  process  of  shaping  or  marking  any- 
thing.    Form-Formlessness. 

fig'-ur-a-tive.     Metaphorical.     Trope,  Truthfulness- 


FIGURATIVE. 


413 


FINE. 


Falsehood;     figurative    style,    Simplicity-Florid- 

NESS. 

fig'-ur-a-tive-ness.  The  state  of  being  figurative. 
Simplicity-Floridness,  Trope. 

fig'-ure.  Shape;  a  drawing;  distinction;  a  character 
representing  a  number;  price.  Appearance-Dis- 
appearance, Beauty-Ugliness,  Delineation- 
Caricature,  FORM-FORMLESSNESS,  NUMBER,  PrICE- 

Discount,  Reputation-Discredit,  Rhetoric,  Sign, 
Trope;  cut  a  figure,  Pomp,  Reputation-Discredit; 
figure  of  speech,  Gull-Hyperbole,  Meaning-Jar- 
gon, Painting,  Trope;  figure  to  oneself,  Fancy; 
poor  figure,  Reputation-Discredit. 

fig  -ure-fling"-er.  An  astrologer.  Devotion-Magician. 

fig'-ure-head".  An  ornamental  image  on  the  prow  of  a 
vessel;  a  nominal  head  or  chief.  Delineation- 
Caricature,  Sign. 

fig"-ur-ine\  A  small  figure  or  attached  group  of 
figures.     Delineation-Caricature. 

fig'-ur-ist.  One  who  uses  or  explains  figures  of  speech. 
Artist. 

fi-la'-ceous.     Filamentous.     Lamina-Fiber. 

fil'-a-ment.     A  fine  thread  or  fiber.     Lamina-Fiber. 

fil"-a-men'-tous.  Threadlike.  Lamina-Fiber,  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness. 

filch.     To  pilfer.     Theft. 

filch'-er.     A  thief.     Robber. 

file.  A  hard  steel  abrading  or  smoothing  instrument; 
any  device  to  keep  papers  or  documents  arranged 
systematically;  any  orderly  succession  or  line. 
Addition-Subtraction,  Belligerent,  Chemistry, 
Continuity-Interruption,  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion, Friability,  Friction-Lubrication,  Gather- 
ing-Scattering, Organization-Disorganization, 
Record,  Smoothness-Roughness,  Store,  Travel- 
ing-Navigation; file  a  claim,  Litigation,  Mark- 
Obliteration;  file  off,  Concentration-Radiation, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

file'-fire".  The  fire  of  small  arms  by  files.  Attack- 
Defense. 

fil'-ial.     Due  to  parents.     Parentage-Progeny. 

fil"-i-a'-tioa.  The  relation  of  a  child  to  a  parent;  the 
judicial  determination  of  parentage.  Connection- 
Independence,  Parentage-Progeny,  Rationale- 
Luck,  Relationship. 

fil'-i-bus"-ter.  A  freebooter;  one  engaged  in  an  unlaw- 
ful military  expedition  into  a  foreign  country.  Rob- 
ber. 

fil'-i-bus"-ter-ing.         Acting  the   part  of   a  filibuster. 

Theft. 

fil'-i-bus"-ter-ism.  The  acts  or  practises  of  filibusters. 
Theft. 

fil'-i-form.     Threadlike.     Lamina-Fiber. 

fil'-i-gree.     Ornamental  openwork.     Crossing. 

fi'-lings.    The  particles  removed  by  a  file.    Friability. 

filius  nuHius  [L.]  (fil'-i-us  nul'-li-us).  Son  of  nobody. 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

filius  term  [L.]  (fil'-i-us  ter'-ri).  Son  of  the  soil.  Gen- 
tility-Democracy. 

fill.  To  make  full.  Contents-Receiver,  Cover- 
Lining,  Enough,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Presence- 
Absence,  Provision-Waste;  eat  one's  fill,  Fasting- 
Gluttony;  fill  an  office, Occupation,  Rule-License; 
filled  to  overflowing,  Excess-Lack;  fill  one's  pocket, 
Affluence-Poverty,  Gain-Loss;  fill  time,  Dura- 
tion-Neverness;  fill  to  the  brim,  Entirety-Defi- 
ciency; fill  up,  Aperture-Closure,  Compensation, 
Entirety-Deficiency,  Inclusion-Omission,  Reno- 
vation-Relapse; fill  up  the  time,  Action-Passive- 
ness;  have  one's  fill,  Desire-Repletion,  Enough. 

filled.  Having  no  empty  space.  Filled  to  overflowing, 
Excess-Lack. 

-file  de  chambre  [F.]  (fiy  de  shanbr).  A  chambermaid. 
Chief-Underling. 


fille  de  joie  [F.]  (fiy  de  zhwa).  A  woman  of  pleasure; 
a  prostitute.     Purity-Rake. 

fil'-let.  A  narrow  band  or  ribbon  for  encircling  the 
head;  a  strip,  slice,  or  band  of  flesh,  metal,  etc. 
Circle-Winding,  Connection,  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement,  Lamina-Fiber. 

fil'-li-beg.     A  kilt.     Dress-Undress. 

fill'-ing.    That  which  fills.    Cover-Lining. 

fil'-lip.  A  snap  or  blow  with  the  end  of  the  finger;  an 
incitement.  Give  a  fillip,  Excitation,  Impetus- 
Reaction,  Motive-Caprice,  Push-Pull. 

fil'-ly.     A  young  mare.     Conveyer. 

film.  A  thin  membrane  or  coating.  Diaphaneity- 
Opalescence,  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness,  Lamina- 
Fiber;  film  over  the  eyes,  Knowledge-Ignorance, 
Sight-Dimsightedness. 

film'-y.    Like  a  film.    Lamina-Fiber,  Texture. 

fils  [F.]  (fis).    Son.    Parentage-Progeny. 

fil'-ter.  Any  device  or  porous  substance  arranged  or 
used  for  straining.  Chemistry,  Cleanliness- 
Filthiness,  Entrance-Exit. 

fil'-ter-pa"-per.    Paper  used  in  filtering.    Chemistry. 

filth.  That  which  is  foul,  dirty,  or  obscene.  Clean- 
ness-Filthiness. 

filth'-y.    Defiled  with  filth.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

fil'-trate.  To  filter.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  En- 
trance-Exit. 

fimbria  [L.]  (fim'-bri-i) .  Fringes  or  fringed  borders. 
Smoothness-Roughness. 

fim'-bri-a"-ted.  Having  a  fringe.  Smoothness-Rough- 
ness. 

fin.  A  membranous  extension  from  the  body  of  a  fish 
or  other  aquatic  animal,  serving  to  propyl,  balance  or 
steer.    Traveling-Navigation. 

fi'-nal.  Last.  Beginning-End,  Completion-Noncom- 
pletion;  court  of  final  appeal,  Certainty-Doubt; 
final  cause,  Cause-Effect,  Purpose-Luck;  final 
stroke,    Completion-Noncompletion;    final   touch, 

COMPLETION-NONCOMPLETION. 

fi-na'-le.     The   end.      Beginning-End,   Completion- 

NONCOMPLETION. 

fi-nal'-i-ty.  That  which  is  final;  the  doctrine  of  final 
causes.  Beginning-End,  Completion-Noncomple- 
tion. 

fi'-nal-ly.  Ultimately.  Beginning-End,  Casuistry, 
Mutation-Permanence,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

fi-nance'.  The  science  of  monetary  affairs.  Accounts, 
Money;  minister  of  finance,  Treasurer. 

fi-nan'-cial.    Pertaining  to  finance.    Money. 

fin"-an-cier'.  One  skilled  in  or  occupied  with  financial 
affairs.     Accounts,  Treasurer. 

finch.    A  small  seed-eating  bird.    Fauna-Flora. 

fin  contre  fin  [F.]  (fan-  contr  fan).  Cunning  matched 
against  cunning.     Craft-Artlessness. 

find.  To  discover;  to  ascertain;  to  furnish;  to  arrive  at 
and  express  in  form  a  judicial  conclusion.  Decision- 
Misjudgment,  Discovery,  Gain-Loss,  Occurrence- 
Destiny,  Provision- Waste;  find  a  clue  to,  Dis- 
covery; find  credence,  Faith-Misgiving;  find  in, 
Provision-Waste;  find  means,  Means;  find  one's 
account  in,  Success-Failure,  Usefulness-Use- 
lessness  ;  find  oneself,  Entity-Nonentity  ;  find  one's 
way,  Success-Failure,  Traveling-Navigation; 
find  one's  way  into,  Entrance-Exit;  find  out,  Dis- 
covery; find  the  cause  of,  Interpretation-Misin- 
terpretation; find  the  key  of,  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation;  find  the  meaning  of,  Interpre- 
tation-Misinterpretation; find  to  one's  cost,  Ex- 
pectation-Disappointment; find  vent,  Escape, 
Publicity. 

find'-ing.  Discovery;  a  verdict  as  to  matters  of  fact. 
Decision-Misjudgment. 

fine.  Excellent ;  thin ;  showy ;  refined ;  pleasant.  Adula- 
tion-Disparagement, Beauty-Ugliness,  Breadth- 


FIXE. 


414 


FIRM. 


Narrowness,  Dampness-Dryness,  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement, Goodness-Badness,  Great- 
ness-Littleness, Recompense-Penalty,  Selfre- 
spect- Humbleness,  Solidity -Rarity,  Texture, 
Truth-Error;  fine  air,  Healthiness-Unhealthi- 
ness;  fine  arts,  Delineation-Caricature,  Nature- 
Art;  fine  feather,  Health-Sickness,  Strength- 
Weakness  ;  fine  frenzy,  Fancy  ;  fine  gentleman,  Self- 
respect-Humbleness,  Society-Dandy;  fine  grain, 
Texture;  fine  lady,  Selfrespect-Humbleness, 
Society- Dandy;  fine  powder,  Friability;  fine  talk- 
ing, Bragging,  Overvaluation-Undervaluation; 
fine  time  of  it,  Welfare-Misfortune;  fine  voice, 
Vocalization-Muteness;  fine  writing,  Rhetoric, 
Simplicity-Floridness;  in  fine,  Beginning-End, 
Ratiocination-Instinct;  one  fine  morning,  Dura- 
tion-Neverness;  some  fine  morning,  Time. 

fine'-draw".  To  sew  or  close  up  with  fine  thread  or 
delicate  workmanship.    Renovation-Relapse. 

fine'-fin"-gered.  Expert  in  the  work  that  requires 
delicate  touch. 

finem  respice  [L.]  (fai'-nem  res'-pi-si).  Regard  the  end. 
Beginning-End,  Heed-Disregard. 

fi'-ner-y.  Ornament.  Dress-Undress,  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement, Taste-Vulgarity. 

fine'-spo"-ken.  Speaking  politely  or  fairly.  Adula- 
tion-Disparagement, Politeness-Impoliteness. 

fine'-spun".  Drawn  or  spun  out  to  the  finest  degree  of 
tenuity;  subtle.  Breadth-Narrowness,  Ratioci- 
nation-Instinct. 

fi-nesse'.  Subtle  contrivance  used  to  gain  a  point. 
Craft-Artlessness,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Taste- 
Vulgarity. 

fine'-still".  To  distil  liquor  from  fermented  molasses, 
etc.     Liquefaction-Volatilization. 

fin'-ger.  To  touch  or  handle  with  the  fingers;  digit  of 
the  hand.  Anatomy,  Keeping-Relinquishment, 
Touch;  at  one's  fingers'  ends,  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance, Remembrance-Forgetfulness,  Remote- 
ness-Nearness; finger  in  the  pie,  Action-Passive- 
ness,  Activity- Indolence,  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Cause-Effect,  Environment-Interpofi- 
tion;  finger  on  the  lips,  Talkativeness-Taciturn- 
ity, Vocalization -Muteness;  finger's  breadth, 
Breadth-Narrowness  ;  lay  the  finger  on,  Discovery, 
Heed-Disregard;  lift  a  finger,  Action-Passiveness; 
not  lift  a  finger,  Action-Passiveness;  point  the  finger 
at,  Heed-Disregard;  turn  round  one's  little  finger, 
Rule-License. 

fin'-ger-post".    A  post  bearing  finger-boards.     Sign. 

fin'-ger-stall".  A  cover  to  protect  a  finger.  Cover- 
Lining. 

fin'-gle-fan"-gle.     A  mere  trifle.     Consequence-In- 

SIGNIF4CANCE. 

fin'-i-al.     Ornament.     Architecture. 

fin'-i-cal.  Overnice.  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Particularness,  Society-Affectation. 

fin'-i-kin.  Overnice.  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Society-Affectation. 

finis  [L.]  (fai'-nis).    The  end.    Beginning-End. 

finis  coronal  opus  [L.]  (fai'-nis  co-ro'-nat  o'-pus) .  The 
end  crowns  the  work.  Completion-Noncompletion. 

fin'-ish.  To  complete.  Beginning-End,  Completion- 
Noncompletion,  Proportion-Deformity. 

fin'-ished.  Completed;  carried  to  a  high  degree  of  per- 
fection. Faultiness-Faultlessness,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Proportion-Deformity,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness. 

fin'-ish-ing.  Completing.  Finishing  stroke,  Comple- 
tion-Noncompletion, Life -Killing;  finishing 
touch,  Completion-Noncompletion. 

fi'-nite.     Limited.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

fi'-nite-ness.  The  state  of  being  finite.  Magnitude- 
Smallness. 


fiord.     A  long,  narrow  arm  of  the  sea.     Gulf-Plain. 

fire.  Combustion;  to  set  on  fire;  to  excite.  Attack- 
Defense,  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Excita- 
tion, Heat-Cold,  Heating-Cooling;  between  two 
fires,  Security-Insecurity;  catch  fire,  Heating- 
Cooling;  fire  and  fury,  Favorite-Anger;  fire  and 
sword,  Creation-Destruction;  fire  at,  Attack- 
Defense;  fire  a  volley,  Attack-Defense;  fire  dis- 
trict, City;  fire  of  genius,  Sagacity-Incapacity; 
fire  off,  Push-Pull;  fire  the  blood,  Excitation;  fire 
up,  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Favorite- 
Anger;  go  through  fire  and  water,  Bravery-Cow- 
ardice, Determination-Vacillation,  Persist- 
ence-Whim, Toil-Relaxation;  hell  fire,  Heaven- 
Hell;  on  fire,  Heat-Cold;  open  fire,  Beginning- 
End;  play  with  fire,  Recklessness-Caution;  set  on 
fire,  Excitation;  take  fire,  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility, Favorite-Anger,  Heating-Cooling;  under 
fire,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Security-Insecurity. 

fire'-an-ni'-hi-la"-tor.  A  chemical  fire-extinguisher. 
Heating-Cooling. 

fire'-arms".  A  weapon  in  which  an  explosive  is  used. 
Weapon. 

fire'-ball".  A  ball  filled  with  powder  or  combustibles 
intended  to  be  thrown  among  enemies;  a  luminous 
meteor.     Combustible,  Weapon. 

fire'-bal-loon".  A  hot-air  balloon.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

fire'-bar"-rel.  A  cylinder  for  carrying  combustibles  on 
a  fire-ship.     Combustible. 

fire'-brand".  A  burning  piece  of  wood  or  other  sub- 
stance; an  incendiary.  Benefactor-Evildoer, 
Combustible,  Motive-Caprice,  Refuge-Pitfall. 

fire'-bri-gade".  An  organized  body  of  men  for  extin- 
guishing fires.     Heating-Cooling. 

fire'-cross".  A  cross  made  of  two  firebrands  used  as  a 
signal  to  take  up  arms.  Alarm,  Fighting-Concili- 
ation. 

fire'-drake."  A  fiery  dragon;  a  fiery  meteor.  Lumi- 
nary-Shade. 

fire'-eat"-er.  An  irascible  person.  Belligerent, 
Bravery-Cowardice,  Brawler,  Favorite-Quar- 
relsomeness, Recklessness- Caution,  Turbu- 
lence-Violence. 

fire'-eat"-ing.  Irascible.  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness, Recklessness-Caution. 

fire'-es-cape".  Any  device  to  enable  a  person  to  leave 
or  be  taken  from  a  burning  building.     Escape. 

fire'-fly".  Any  luminous  winged  insect.  Luminary- 
Shade. 

fire'-light".     Light  from  a  fire.     Dimness. 

fire'-lock".     An  old  form  of  musket.     Weapon. 

fire'-man.  One  who  aids  in  extinguishing  fires;  a 
stoker.     Heating-Cooling,  Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

fire'-place".  A  structure  in  which  or  on  which  a  fire 
may  be  built.     Oven-Refrigerator. 

fire'-proof".  Incombustible.  Heating -Cooling, 
Security-Insecurity. 

fire'-side".     A  hearth.     Dweller-Habitation. 

fire'-wood".  Wood  used  or  fit  to  use  as  fuel.  Combus- 
tible. 

fire'-work".  Any  device  containing  combustibles  or 
explosives  for  producing  brilliant  or  colored  light 
Combustible,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Heat- 
Cold,  Luminary-Shade. 

fire'-wor"-ship.  The  worship  of  fire.  Devotion- 
Idolatry. 

fire'-wor"-ship-er.  One  who  worships  fire.  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

fir'-ing.  The  act  of  discharging  firearms ;  fuel.  Com- 
bustible, Crash-Drumming. 

fir'-kin.  A  wooden  hooped  vessel  for  lard,  butter,  etc. 
Contents-Receiver. 

firm.     Close-knit;  stable;  resolute;  a  business  partner- 


FIRM. 


415 


FIVE— QUINQUESECTION. 


snip.  Association,  Bravery-Cowardice,  Dealer, 
Determinaton-Vacillation,  Hardness-Softness, 
Mutability  -  Stability,  Union  -  Disunion;  firm 
belief,  Faith-Misgiving;  firm  hold,  Keeping-Re- 
linquishment;  stand  firm,  Determination-Vacil- 
lation, Reprisal-Resistance. 

fir'-ma-ment.     The  sky  or  heavens.     Universe. 

fir'-man.  A  decree  granting  a  privilege;  a  license. 
Leave-Prohibition,  Order. 

firm'-ly.     Closely.     Union-Disunion. 

firnr-ness.  The  state  of  being  firm.  Bravery-Cow- 
ardice, Determination- Vacillation,  Persist- 
ence-Whim. 

first.  Preceding  all  others.  Beginning-End;  at 
first  sight,  Appearance-Disappearance,  Sight- 
Blindness;  come  back  to  first  love,  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy; first  and  foremost,  Beginning-End;  first  and 
last,  Solitude-Company;  first  blow,  Attack-De- 
fense; first  blush,  Appearance-Disappearance, 
Beginning-End,  Manifestation-Latency,  Morn- 
ing-Evening, Sight-Blindness;  first  cause,  Divin- 
ity; first  come  first  served,  Choice-Neutrality; 
first  fiddle,  Adept-Bungler,  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Reputation-Discredit,  Rule-License; 
first  impression,  Beginning-End;  first  in(,war,  first 
in  peace,  first  in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen,  Patri- 
otism-Treason; first  move,  Beginning-End,  En- 
terprise; first  opportunity,  Earliness-Lateness; 
first  stage,  Beginning-End;  first  stone,  Attack- 
Defense;  Preparation-Nonpreparation;  first 
that  comes,  Choice-Neutrality;  of  the  first  water, 
Goodness-Badness  ;  on  the  first  summons,  Order. 

first'-born".  The  first  brought  forth.  Infancy-Age, 
Novelty-Antiquity. 

first'-class".  Of  the  first  rank  or  quality.  Goodness- 
Badness. 

first'-fruits".  The  first  rewards  or  results  of  anything. 
Cause-Effect. 

first'-lings.  Those  born  first.  Cause-Effect,  In- 
fancy-Age. 

first'-rate".  Of  the  first  class,  quality,  or  character. 
Combatant,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Good- 
ness-Badness, Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

firth.     An  arm  of  the  sea.     Gulf-Plain. 

fisc  [F.]  (fisc).     A  treasury.     Money. 

fish.  A  vertebrate,  aquatic  animal  with  gills;  to  catch 
or  try  to  catch  fish.  Fauna-Flora,  Life-Killing, 
Quest-Evasion;  drink  like  a  fish,  Teetotalism- 
Intemperance;  fish  for,  Desire-Distaste,  Inves- 
tigation-Answer, Quest-Evasion,  Trial;  fish  for 
compliments,  Conceit-Diffidence;  fish  in  the  air, 
Usefulness-Uselessness;  fish  in  troubled  waters, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Variance-Accord;  fish  out, 
Discovery,  Investigation-Answer;  fish  out  of 
water,  Adept-Bungler,  Conventionality-Uncon- 

VENTIONALITY,        EsTABLISHMENT-ReMOVAL,        HaR- 

mony-Discord;  fish  up,  Discovery,  Elevation- 
Depression;  other  fish  to  fry,  Activity-Inactiv- 
ity, Opportuneness-Unsuitableness;  queer  fish, 
Conventionality  -  Unconventionality,  Society- 
Laughingstock. 
fish'-er-man.     A  fisher.     Life-Killing. 


fish'-er-y.  The  fishing  industry;  fishing-grounds. 
Domestication-Agriculture. 

fish'-ing.  Pertaining  to  fishery;  used  in  fishing.  Life- 
Killing,  Quest-Evasion. 

fish'-ing-boat".  A  boat  used  in  fishing.  Convey- 
ance-Vessel. 

fish'-pond".  A  pool  containing  fish.  Domestication- 
Agriculture,  Gulf-Plain. 

fish'-tail".  The  tail  of  a  fish;  like  the  tail  of  a  fish. 
Traveling-Navigation. 

fish'-y.  Fishlike;       improbable.  Fauna-Flora, 

Knowledge-Ignorance. 

fish'-y  trans-ac'-tion.  A  dishonest  dealing,  usually 
concealed.     Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

fisk.  To  frisk.  Swiftness-Slowness,  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

fis'-sile.  That  may  be  split.  Toughness-Brittle- 
ness. 

fis-sil'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  fissile.  Geology, 
Toughness-Brittleness. 

fis'-sure.  A  cleft.  Geology,  Interspace-Contact, 
Union-Disunion. 

fist.  The  hand  closed  tightly.  Keeping-Relinquish- 
ment,  Writing-Printing;  shake  the  fist,  Chari- 
tableness-Menace, Defiance. 

fist'-i-cuff s" .    A  pugilistic  encounter.    Strife-Peace. 

fis'-tu-la.  Any  abnormal  opening  into  a  natural  canal 
or  hollow  organ.    Aperture-Closure. 

fist'-u-lous.  Having  the  form  or  nature  of  a  fistula. 
Aperture-Closure. 

fit.  Adapted  to  an  end;  suitable;  ready;  to  prepare; 
a  convulsion;  a  sudden  overmastering  emotion. 
Agitation,  Condition-Situation,  Dueness-Un- 
dueness,  Equality-Inequality,  Excitability-In- 
excitability,  Favorite-Anger,  Harmony-Dis- 
cord, Health-Sickness,  Persistence-Whim,  Pro- 
priety-Impropriety, Right-Wrong,  Turbulence- 
Calmness;  by  fits  and  starts,  Agitation,  Continu- 
ity-Interruption, Hurry-Leisure,  Periodicity- 
Irregularity,  Persistence-Whim,  Regularity- 
Irregularity;  fit  for,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  fit  of 
abstraction,  Heed-Disregard,  Organization-Dis- 
organization; fit  of  crying,  Jubilation-Lamenta- 
tion; fit  of  laughter,  Jubilation-Lamentation;  fit 
out,  Dress-Undress,  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion; fit  to  be  seen,  Beauty-Ugliness;  in  fits,  Agi- 
tation; think  fit,  Volition-Obligation. 

fit'-ful.  Occurring  in  fits.  Continuity-Interruption, 
Mutability-Stability,  Periodicity-Irregularity, 
Persistence- Whim. 

fit'-ness.  Suitableness.  Duty-Dereliction,  Har- 
mony-Discord, Propriety-Impropriety-,  Right- 
Wrong. 

fit'-ted.     Well  adapted.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

fit'-ting.  Suitable.  Dueness-Undueness,  Propriety- 
Impropriety. 

fit'-tings.  Articles  of  equipment  or  adjustment. 
Instrument. 

five.  The  sum  of  four  and  one.  Five-Quinquesec- 
tion;  division  by  five,  Five-Quinquesection;  five- 
act  play,  Acting;  five  and  twenty,  Five-Quinque- 
section. 


Cinque  [F.].     Five. 
Five.     Four  and  one. 

Five — Associated  Words,  etc. 
Baker's  dozen.     Thirteen. 
Billion.     One  thousand  millions. 
Centenary.     A  hundredth  anniversary. 
Century.     A  hundred ;  a  hundred  years. 
Chiliad.     A  thousand;  a  thousand  years. 
Cwt.     Abbreviation  for  hundredweight. 
Decade.     A  division  of  ten ;  ten  years. 


FIVE-QUINQUESECTION. 

Decimation.     Destruction  of  one-tenth ;  destruction  of  a  large  part. 
Division  by  five.     Quinquesection. 
Fifth.     Last  of  five  equal  parts. 
Quinquesection.     Act  of  cutting  into  five  parts. 

Quinquesection,  etc. — Verb. 
Decimate.     To  destroy  one-tenth ;  destroy  a  large  part. 

Quinquesection,  etc. — Adjectives. 
Centesimal.     Based  on  hundredths. 
Decimal.     Based  Jn  ten. 


FIVE—  QUINQUESECTION. 


416 


FLAG. 


FIVE— QUINQUESECTION— Continued. 


FIVE — Associated  Words,  etc. — Continued. 

Dozen.     Twelve  units. 

Eight.     A  number  greater  by  three  units  than  five. 

Eighty.     Eight  times  ten. 

Eleven.     A  number  greater  by  one  than  ten. 

Fifty.     Ten  times  five. 

Five  and  twenty.     Five  times  five. 

Forty.     Eight  times  five. 

Four  and  twenty.     A  number  greater  by  four  than  twenty. 

Four  score.     Eighty. 

Four  score  and  ten.     Ninety. 

Gross.     Twelve  times  twelve. 

Half  a  dozen.     Six. 

Hecatomb.     A  sacrifice  of  a  hundred  oxen. 

Hundred.     Twenty  times  five. 

Hundredweight.     A  weight  of  one  hundred  pounds 

Lac.     One  hundred  thousand. 

Long  dozen.     Thirteen. 

Milliard.     A  thousand  millions. 

Million.     Ten  hundred  thousand. 

Myriad.     Ten  thousand. 

Nine.     A  number  greater  by  four  than  five. 

One  hundred  and  forty-four.     A  gross. 

One  hundred  thousand.     A  thousand  taken  a  hundred  times. 

Plum,     /ioo.ooo  sterling;  $500,000. 

Quarter  of  a  hundred.     Twenty-five. 

Quincunx.     An  arrangement  of  five  things. 

Quint.     A  set  or  sequence  of  five. 

Score.     Twenty. 

Seven.     A  number  greater  by  two  than  five. 

Seventy.     Seven  times  ten 

Six.     A  number  greater  by  one  than  five. 

Sixty.     Six  times  ten. 

Ten.     Two  times  five. 

Ten  thousand.     A  thousand  taken  ten  times. 

Thirteen.     Three  more  than  ten. 

Thousand.     Ten  hundred. 

Thousand  millions.     One  billion. 

Three  score.     Sixty. 

Three  score  and  ten.     Seventy. 

Three  times  three.     Nine. 

Trillion.     A  million  millions. 

Twelve.     A  number  greater  by  two  than  ten. 

Twenty.     Two  times  ten. 

Twenty-five.     Five  times  five. 

Twenty-four.     A  number  greater  by  four  than  twenty. 

Two  dozen.     Twenty-four. 

Two  score.     Forty. 

Five,  etc. — Verb. 

Centuriate.     To  divide  into  hundreds. 


QUINQUESECTION,  etc.— Adjectives— Continued 

Duodecimal.     Based  on  twelve. 

Hundredth.     Pertaining  to  one  of  a  hundred  parts 

Millesimal.     Pertaining  to  thousandths. 

Octifid.     Eighth. 

Quinquarticular.     Consisting  of  five  articles. 

Quinquefid.     Five-cleft. 

Quinquepartite.     Consisting  of  five  parts. 

Sexagenary.     Composed  of  sixty  parts. 

Sexagesimal.     Based  on  the  number  sixty. 

Tenth.     Last  in  a  series  of  ten. 

Tithe.     A  tenth. 

Twelfth.     Last  in  a  series  of  twelve. 


FIVE,  etc. — Adjectives — Continued. 

Centenary.     Pertaining  to  a  hundred. 

Centennial.     Pertaining  to  a  hundred  years. 

Centuple.     Increased  a  hundredfold. 

Centuplicate.     A  hundredfold. 

Centurial.     Pertaining  to  a  century. 

Decimal.     Founded  upon  ten. 

Decuple.     Tenfold. 

Denary.     Containing  ten. 

Duodenal.     Relating  to  musical  groups  of  twelves. 

Duodenary.     Relating  to  twelve ;  twelvefold. 

Eighth.     Next  after  seventh. 

Eleventh.     Next  after  tenth. 

Fifth.     Next  after  fourth 

Five.     See  Nouns. 

Hundredth.     Next  after  ninety-ninth. 

In  one's  'teens.      But  a  youth.     Thirteen  through  nineteen  3'ears  old 

Ninefoid.     Nine  times. 

Ninth.     Next  after  eighth. 

Octuple.     Multiplied  by  eight. 

Quinary.     Arranged  in  fives. 

Quintuple.     Fivefold. 

Secular.     Observed  once  in  a  century. 

Senary.     Containing  six. 

Seventh.     Next  after  sixth. 

Sextuple.     Sixfold ;  multiplied  by  six. 

Sixth.     Next  after  fifth. 

Tenfold.     Ten  times. 

Tenth.     Next  after  ninth. 

Thirteenth.     Next  after  twelfth. 

Thousandth.     Last  in  a  series  of  one  thousand. 

Twelfth.     Next  after  eleventh. 

Twentieth.     Next  after  nineteenth. 

Twenty-fourth,  etc.     Next  after  twenty-third,  etc. 

Vicesi  mal.     Twentieth . 

Vigesimal,     Pertaining  to  twenty. 


fives.  A  game  similar  to  court-tennis.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 

fix.  To  fasten;  to  set;  to  adjust.  Determination- 
Vacillation,  Difficulty-Facility,  Establish- 
ment-Removal, Movement-Rest,  Mutability-Sta- 
bility, Organization-Disorganization,  Solidity- 
Rarity,  Union-Disunion;  fix  a  price,  Price-Dis- 
count; fix  the  attention,  Heed-Disregard;  fix  the 
eyes  upon,  Sight-Blindness;  fix  the  foundations, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation;  fix  the  memory, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  fix  the  thoughts, 
Heed-Disregard;  fix  the  time,  Chronology-An- 
achronism; fix  upon,  Choice-Neutrality,  Dis- 
covery. 

fix-a'-tion.  The  act  of  establishing.  Establishment- 
Removal. 

fixed.  Established.  Movement-Rest,  Mutability- 
Stability,  Subjectiveness-Objectiveness;  fixed 
belief,  Faith-Misgiving;  fixed  idea,  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy, Decision-Misjudgment;  fixed  opinion,  Faith- 
Misgiving;  fixed  periods,  Periodicity-Irregular- 
ity. 

fix'-i-ty.    Fixedness.    Movement-Rest. 

fix'-ture.  One  who  or  that  which  is  expected  to  remain 
permanently  in  its  position.  Mutability-Stability, 
Order,  Property. 


fiz'-gig".     A  gadding,  flirting  girl.     Luminary-Shadb;. 

fizz.    A  hissing  noise.     Resonance-Sibilation. 

fiz'-zle.  To  make  a  hissing  sound.  Resonance- 
Sibilation. 

flab'-ber-gast.  To  astonish.  Astonishment-Expec- 
tance. 

flaV-ber-gas-ta'-tion.  Astonishment.  Astonishment- 
Expectance. 

flab'-ber~gas"-ted.     Confounded.      Selfrespect-Hum- 

BLENESS. 

fla-ber-li-form.  Fan-shaped.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion. 

flab'-by.    "Wanting  firmness.     Hardness-Softness. 

flac'-cid.  Flabby.  Excess-Lack,  Hardness-Soft- 
ness, Strength-Weakness. 

flac-cid'-i-ty.  Flabbiness.  Excess-Lack,  Hardness- 
Softness,  Strength-Weakness. 

flag.  To  droop;  a  piece  of  cloth  used  as  a  standard, 
symbol,  or  signal;  a  flagstone.  Activity-Indolence, 
Entertainment  -  Weariness,  Health  -  Sickness, 
Lamina-Fiber,  Scepter,  Sign,  Smoothness-Rough- 
ness, Strength-Weakness,  Swiftness-Slowness, 
Top-Bottom,  Way,  Weariness-Refreshment;  flag 
of  truce,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Mediation;  flag- 
ship, Belligerent;  black  flag,  Fighting-Concilia- 
tion; lower  one's  flag,  Yielding;   red  flag,  Alarm; 


FLAG. 


417 


FLATTERER— DEFAMER. 


yellow  flag,  Alarm,  Warning  ;  white  flag,  Fighting- 
Conciliation. 

flag'-bear"-er.    One  who  carries  a  flag.    Messenger. 

flag'-el-late.    To  scourge.     Recompense-Punition. 

flag"-el-la'-tion.  A  beating.  Atonement,  Austerity, 
Ceremonial,  Exculpation-Punition. 

fla-gel'-li-form.    Like  a  whip-lash.    Lamina-Fiber. 

flage'-o-let".  A  musical  instrument  resembling  a  flute. 
Musical  Instruments. 

flag'-ging.  Weakening.  Activity-Indolence,  Health- 
Sickness. 

fla-gi'-tious.     Flagrantly  wicked.    Virtue-Vice. 

flag'-on.  A  vessel  with  a  narrow  mouth  used  for  hold- 
ing liquors.     Contents-Receiver. 

fla'-gran-cy .  The  condition  or  quality  of  being  flagrant. 
Publicity,  Virtue- Vice. 

fla'-grant.  Openly  scandalous.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness,  Manifestation-Latency,  Publicity,  Virtue- 
Vice. 

■flagrante  hello  [L.]  (fle-gran'-ti  bel'-lo) .  During  hostilities. 
Fighting-Conciliation. 

flagrante  delicto  [L.]  (fle-gran'-ti  di-lic'-to).  In  the 
very  act.  Action-Passiveness,  Certainty-Doubt, 
Innocence-Guilt. 

fla-gra'-tion.    A  conflagration.    Heating-Cooling. 

flag'-staff.  A  staff  on  which  a  flag  is  hoisted.  Height- 
Lowness,  Sign. 

flail.  An  implement  for  separating  grain  by  beating. 
Impetus-Reaction. 

flake.  A  thin  piece  or  chip  of  anything.  Lamina- 
Fiber;  snowflake,  Heat-Cold. 

fla'-ky.    Consisting  of  flakes  or  locks.     Lamina-Fiber. 

flam.    A  deception.    Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

flambi  [F.]  (flan'-be').  Singed;  ruined.  Success- 
Failure. 

flam'-beau.    A  torch.     Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

flame.  A  stream  of  vapor  or  gas  made  luminous  by 
heat.  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Excitation, 
Heat-Cold,  Light-Darkness,  Love-Hate,  Lumi- 
nary-Shade; add  fuel  to  the  flames,  Turbulence- 
Calmness  ;  catch  the  flame,  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment;  consign  to  the  flames,  Heating-Cooling; 
flame-colored,  Blueness-Orange,  Redness-Green- 
ness; flame  up,  Excitability-Inexcitability;  in 
flames,  Heat-Cold. 

fla'-men.     A  priest.      Ministry-Laity. 

fla'-ming.  Blazing;  passionate.  Bragging,  Emotion, 
Excitation,  Pomp,  Simplicity-Floridness,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness. 

flaneur[F.]  (fla-nur').  A  lounger.  Flatterer-Defamer. 

flange.  A  projecting  rim  for  keeping  something  in 
place.  Border,  Convexity-Concavity,  Suspen- 
sion-Support. 

flank.  Side.  Laterality-Contraposition,  Security- 
Insecurity. 

flanked.  Attacked  on  the  flank.  Laterality-Contra- 
position. 

flank'-ing.     Bordering.     Laterality-Contraposition. 

flan'-nel.  A  loosely  woven  woolen  stuff.  Heating- 
Cooling. 


flap.  A  broad,  limber,  and  loosely  hanging  part. 
Agitation,  Impetus-Reaction,  Increment-Rem- 
nant, Suspension-Support;  flap  the  memory, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

flap'-per.  One  who,  or  that  which,  flaps  or  jogs  the 
memory.     Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

flap'-ping.  Swinging  to  and  fro.  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness. 

flare.  An  unsteady  glare.  Light- Darkness,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness; flare  up,  Excitability-Inex- 
citability, Excitation,  Favorite-Anger,  Light- 
Darkness. 

flar'-ing.     Flaming.     Color-Achromatism. 

flash.  A  sudden  burst  of  light.  Eternity-Instanta- 
neity,  Heat-Cold,  Light-Darkness,  Predetermi- 
nation-Impulse, Turbulence -Calmness;  eyes 
flash  fire,  Favorite-Anger;  flash  across  the  mem- 
ory, Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  flash  in  the 
pan,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Fertility- 
Sterility,  Might-Impotence,  Substance-Nullity, 
Success- Failure;  flash  note,  Money;  flash  of  wit, 
Wittiness-Dulness;  flash  on  the  mind,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace,  Predetermination-Impulse,  Re- 
flection -  Vacancy,  Remembrance  -  Forgetful- 
ness;  flash  tongue,  Word-Neology;  flash  up,  Ex- 
citation; flash  upon,  Expectation-Surprise. 

flash'-ing.     Bursting  forth  suddenly.     Pomp. 

flash'-y.  Pretentious.  Color-Achromatism;  flashy 
style,  Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Simplicity- 
Floridness. 

flask.  A  small  bottle.  Chemistry,  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

flask'-et.  A  long,  shallow  basket.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

flat.  Level;  positive;  dull;  below  pitch;  apartment. 
Acting,  Adept-Bungler,  Assertion-Denial,  Con- 
centration-Radiation", Contents-Receiver,  Em- 
bellishment-Simplicity, Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Erectness -Flatness,  Gull- Deceiver, 
Height-Lowness,  Levelness,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Melody-Dissonance,  Refuge-Pitfall, 
Sensitiveness-Apathy,  Vigor-Inertia,  Wittiness- 
Dulness;  fall  flat,  Success-Failure;  flat  contra- 
diction, Assertion-Denial;  flat  refusal,  Proffer- 
Refusal. 

flat'-ness.  Evenness  of  surface.  Erectness-Flat- 
ness,  Levelness,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

flat'-ten.  To  level.  Erectness-Flatness,  Level- 
ness. 

flat'-ter.  To  praise  unduly,  obsequiously,  or  insin- 
cerely. Adulation -Disparagement,  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Craft-Artlessness,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness, 
Truthfulness-Fraud;  flatter  oneself,  Likelihood- 
Unlikelihood,  Sanguineness  -  Hopelessness; 
flatter  the  palate,  Palatableness-Unpalatable- 
ness. 

flat'-ter-er.  One  who  flatters.  Flatterer-Defamer, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Society-Affecta- 
tion. 


FLATTERER-DEFAMER. 


Adulator.     A  user  of  servile  flattery. 
Claqueur  [F.].     A  hired  applauder. 

Clawback.     One  who  curries  favor,  as  who  strokes  the  cat's  back. 
Courtier.     To  attempt  to  gain  favor  by  attentions  and  address. 
Doer  of  dirty  work.     One  who  does  base  acts  to  obtain  favor. 
Earwig.     One  who  gains  favor  by  telling  tales  about  others. 
Encomiast.     One  who  pronounces  encomiums. 
Eulogist.     One  who  speaks  in  high  praise. 
Euphemist.     One  who  uses  fair  words  for  ugly  things. 
Fla  nc  :i  r  [F .]     Lounger. 

Flatterer.     One  who  praises  unduly  or  insincerely. 
Hanger  on.    Parasite. 
Laudator  [L.].     One  who  praises  highly. 
27 


Backbiter.     One  who  speaks  secretly  to  one's  injury. 

Calumniator.     Inventor  and  propagator  of  evil  reports. 

Carper.     An  unreasonable  faultfinder. 

Castigator.     To  punish  with  or  as  with  a  rod. 

Caviler.     One  who  raises  frivolous  objections. 

Censor.     An  officer  who  examines  all  manuscripts  before  they  are 

permitted  to  be  published;  one  given  to  faultfinding. 
Censurer.     One  who  expresses  disapprobation  of  a  person. 
Critic.     One  who  passes  rigorous  judgment. 
Cynic.     One  who  holds  others  in  contempt;  a  surly  dog 
Dawplucker.      A  plucker  of  jackdaws  or  simpletons. 
Defamer.     One  who  injures  another's  reputation. 
Detractor.     One  who  depreciates. 


FLATTERER— DEFAMER. 


418 


FLIGHT. 


FLATTERER—  DEFAMER—  Continued. 


Optimist.     One  who  looks  on  the  brightest  side  of  things,  saying  "this 

is  the  best  of  all  possible  worlds." 
Parasite.     One  who  basely  lives  at  another's  expense. 
PrSneur  [F.J.     Puffer. 

Puffer.     One  who  gives  fulsome  or  interested  praise. 
Sir  Pertinax  MacSycophant.     A  worldly  old  man  in  Macklin's   Man 

of  the  World. 
Sycophant.     One  who  flatters  servilely  in  the  hope  of  ingratiating 

himself,  originally  a   tale-bearer   about  violations  of  the  export 

laws  of  Athens  about  figs. 


Toad-eater.  1 


I  An  obsequious  flatterer. 
Toady.         )  M 

Touter.     One  who  seeks  customers  for  inns,  public  conveyances,  etc. 

Whitewasher.     One  who  attempts  to  render  reputable  a  person  of 

doubtful  reputati  Dn. 


DEFAMER — Continued  jrom  Column  2. 
Defame  r — A  djective. 
Black-mouthed.     Foul  and  abusive. 


Disapproves     One  who  does  not  approve. 

Frondeur  [F.J      A  political  opponent. 

Good-natured  friend.     A  rival;  opponent;  enemy. 

Lampooner.     One  who  writes  pasquinades. 

Laudator  temporis  acti  [L.J.     A  praiser  of  time  past.    [Horace,  Ars 

Poetica,  1,  73.] 
Libeler.     One  who  writes  defamatory  accounts. 
Reprover.     One    who     administers     strong,    personal    censure. 
Reviler.     A  user  of  opprobrious  and  contemptuous  language. 
Satirist.     A  user  of  satire. 
Shrew.     A  brawling,  vexatious  woman. 
Sir  Benjamin    Backbite.      A    slanderer   in    Sheridan's    ScHoo.    jot 

Scandal. 
Slanderer.     A  speaker  of  defamatory  remarks. 

Traducer.     One  who  odiously  misrepresents  character  or  reputation. 
Vituperator.     An  abusive  censurer. 
Wordcatcher.     One  who  cavils  at  or  misrepresents  others'  words. 

Defamer — Denotations. 
Thersites.     The  ugliest  and  most  scurrilous  of  the  Greeks  before  Troy. 
Zoilus.     Critic  of  Homer,  in  4th  century. 

(.Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


flat'-ter-ing.  That  flatters.  Flattering  tale,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness;  flattering  unction  to 
one's  soul,  Adulation-Disparagement,  Conceit- 
Diffidence,  CONTENTEDNESS-DlSCONTENTMENT. 

flat'-ter-y.  Adulation.  Adulation-Disparagement, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

flat'-u-lence.  The  state  of  being  flatulent.  Liquid- 
Gas. 

flat'-u-len-cy.  Affected  with  an  accumulation  of  gas 
in  the  alimentary  canal.      Liquid-Gas. 

flat'-u-lent.  Affected  with  gas  in  the  stomach  and 
bowels.  Liquid-Gas,  River-Wind,  Water-Air; 
flatulent  style,  Force-Weakness,  Terseness-Pro- 
lixity. 

fla'-tus.     Windiness.     Liquid-Gas,  River-Wind. 

flaunt.  To  display  ostentatiously.  Pomp,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit. 

flaunt'-ing.     Gaudy.     Color-Achromatism,  Pomp. 

flaut'-ist.     A  flutist.     Musician. 

Fla'-vi-an  Am"-phi-the'-a-ter.    The  Colosseum.    Lists. 

fla'-vor.  The  peculiar  taste  of  a  thing.  Savor-Taste- 
lessness. 

fla'-vous.     Yellow.     Yellowness-Purple. 

flaw.  An  inherent  defect.  Continuity-Interrup- 
tion, Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness,  Innocence-Guilt,  Interspace- 
Contact,  Truth-Error;  flaw  in  an  argument,  Rati- 
ocination-Casuistry. 

flay.  To  skin.  Dress-Undress,  Exculpation- 
Punition. 

flea.  A  parasitic  insect.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Spring-Dive;  flea  in  one's  ear,  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Attraction-Repulsion,  Politeness-Impo- 
liteness, Proffer-Refusal,  Regard-Scorn,  Repu- 
tation Discredit,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

flea'-bite".  The  bite  of  a  flea.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance. 

flea'-bit"-ten.     Bitten  by  a  flea.     Variegation. 

flecked.     Spotted.     Variegation. 

fleck'-ered.     Spotted.     Variegation. 

flecti,  non  frangi  [L.]  (flec'-tai,  non  fran'-jai).  To  be 
bent,  not  to  be  broken.     Strength- Weakness. 

flec'-tion.     A  curved  part.     Aim-Aberration. 

fled.     Escaped.     Escape. 

fledge.     To  furnish  with  feathers.     Preparation-Non- 

PREPARATION. 

flee.     To  run  away.     Quest-Evasion. 

fleece.  The  woolly  covering  of  a  sheep  or  similar 
animal;  to  shear  off  the  fleece.  Affluence- 
Penury,  Costliness-Cheapness,  Cover-Lining, 
Taking-Restitution,  Theft. 


fleeced.  Stripped  of  money  or  property.  Affluence- 
Penury. 

fleer.  To  jeer  at.  Regard-Disrespect,  Society- 
Derision. 

Fleet.  A  debtors'  prison  in  London.  Release- 
Prison. 

fleet.  Swift;  several  vessels  in  company  or  under  one 
command.  Belligerent,  Fighting-Conciliation 
Mediation. 

fleet'-ing.    Transitory.     Lastingness-Transientness. 

flesh.  The  portion  of  an  animal  body  that  consists  of 
the  softer  tissues;  meat;  human  nature.  Anatomy, 
Animality-Vegetability,  Greatness-Littleness. 
Humanity,  Purity -Impurity;  flesh  and  blood, 
Animality-Vegetability,  Greatness-Littleness, 
Materiality  -  Spirituality,  Substance  -  Nullity; 
gain  flesh,  Enlargement-Diminution;  ills  that  flesh 
is  heir  to,  Good-Evil,  Health-Sickness;  in  the 
flesh,  Life-Death;  one  flesh,  Matrimony-Celibacy; 
make  the  flesh  creep,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness,  Sanguineness-Timidity;  way  of  all  flesh, 
Life-Death;  weakness  of  the  flesh,  Virtue-Vice. 

flesh'-col"-or.    A  light  pink.     Redness-Greenness. 

flesh'-pots".    Plenty.    Nutriment-Excretion. 

flesh'-y.  Corpulent.  Animality-Vegetability,  Great- 
ness-Littleness. 

fleur  d'eau  [F.]  (flur  do).  Even  with  the  surface  of  the 
water.    Top-Bottom. 

flour  delis  [FJ  (flur  de  li).  An  heraldic  device.  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement, Patriotism-Treason. 

fleu-ron'.  A  rose-like  flower  or  ornament  in  the  abacus' 
of  Corinthian  capitals.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

flex"-i-bil'-i-ty.  Pliancy.  Hardness-Softness,  Yield- 
ing. 

flex'-i-ble.    Pliant.    Hardness-Softness,  Yielding. 

flex'-ile.     Pliant.     Hardness-Softness. 

flex'-ion.  A  curved  or  bent  part.  Aim-Aberration, 
Curvature-Rectilinearity,  Plicature. 

flex'-u-ous.     Having  bends.     Circle- Winding. 

flex'-ure.  A  bent  part.  Curvation-Rectilinearity, 
Plicature. 

flib'-ber-ti-gib"-bet.     An  imp.     Jove-Fiend. 

flick'-er.  To  be  unsteady.  Agitation,  Dimness, 
Light-Darkness,  Mutability-Stability,  Vibra- 
tion. 

flick'-er-ing.    Wavering.     Periodicity-Irregularity. 

flies.  The  space  over  and  on  both  sides  of  the  stage  of 
a  theater.     Acting. 

flight.  The  act  of  fleeing  or  escaping;  a  n««*bcr  of 
flying  creatures  moving  together.     Approval-Dis- 


FLIGHT. 


419 


FLOW. 


approval,  Arrival-Departure,  Escape,  Multi- 
plicity-Paucity, Quest -Evasion,  Swiftness- 
Slowness,  Traveling-Navigation;  flight  of  fancy, 
Fancy,  Gull-Hyperbole;  flight  of  stairs,  Ascent- 
Descent,  Way;  flight  of  time,  Period-Progress; 
put  to  flight,  Attack-Defense,  Push-Pull,  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 

flight'-y.     Capricious.     Fancy,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

flim'-flam'.  A  freak;  a  lie.  Persistence-Whim, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

flim'-sy.  Weak;  ineffective.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Hardness-Softness,  Ratiocination-In- 
stinct, Solidity-Rarity,  Strength-Weakness. 

flinch.  To  shrink.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Quest-Eva- 
sion, Remedy-Bane,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

flin'-ders.     Splinters.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

fling.  A  sling;  a  jibe;  a  lively  dance.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Push-Pull,  Regard-Disrespect;  fling 
aside,  Keeping-Relinquishment;  fling  away, 
Choice-Neutrality,  Keeping-Relinquishment, 
Provision-Waste;  fling  down,  Elevation-Depres- 
sion; fling  to  the  winds,  Choice-Rejection,  Crea- 
tion-Destruction, Odservance-Nonobser  VANCE, 
Regard-Scorn;  have  a  fling  at,  Attack-Defense, 
Favorite-Anger,  Means,  Regard-Disrespect; 
have  one's  fling,  Activity-Indolence,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Liberty-Subjection,  Rule-Li- 
cense. 

flint.     A  variety  of  quartz.     Hardness-Softness. 

flint  glass.     Glass  containing  lead.     Chemistry. 

flint'-heart"-ed.  Hard-hearted.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

flip.  A  hot  drink  spiced  and  sugared.  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

flip'-pan-cy.  Fluency  of  speech.  Talkativeness- 
Taciturnity. 

flip'-pant.  Shallow  and  impertinent.  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness,  Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

flip'-per.  A  limb  used  to  swim  with.  Traveling-Navi- 
gation. 

flirt.  A  coquette;  a  sudden  toss.  Blandishment, 
Love-Hate,  Push-Pull;  flirt  a  fan,  Society-Affec- 
tation. 

flir-ta'-tion.     Coquetry.     Blandishment. 

flirt'-ing.     A  flirtation.     Blandishment. 

flit.  To  move  rapidly  from  place  to  place.  Arrival- 
Departure,  Lastingness-Transientness,  Move- 
ment-Rest, Mutability-Stability,  Period-Prog- 
ress, Quest -Evasion,  Swiftness- Slowness, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

flit'-ter.  A  shred;  to  flutter.  Agitation,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Mutability-Stability. 

flit'-ting.  A  fluttering.  Lastingness-Transientness, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

float.  To  be  supported  or  carried  along  by  a  liquid 
or  gas.  Ascent-Descent,  Conveyance-Vessel, 
Heaviness -Lightness,  Traveling -Navigation; 
float  a  bond  issue,  Labor-Capital;  float  a  loan,  La- 
bor-Capital; float  before  the  eyes,  Visibility-In- 
visibility; float  in  the  mind,  Conception-Theme, 
Fancy,  Mind-Imbecility;  float  on  the  air,  Loud- 
ness-Faintness. 

float'-ing.  Afloat.  Ascent-Descent,  Conveyance- 
Vessel,  Heaviness-Lightness,  Loudness-Faint- 
ness,  Tidings-Mystery,  Traveling-Navigation; 
floating  battery,  Belligerent;  floating  capital, 
Credit-Debt;  floating  debt,  Credit-Debt. 

floats.  Mechanical  contrivances  for  elevating  the 
players  above  the  stage  in  spectacular  plays.  Act- 
ing; before  the  floats,  Acting. 

Flo'-bert.     A  rifle.     Weapon. 

floc'-cule.    A  loose  tuft,  like  wool.    Friability. 

floc'-cu-lent.  Woolly.  Friability,  Hardness-Soft- 
ness, Smoothness-Roughness. 


flock.  A  herd  of  animals ;  a  congregation.  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Ministry-Laity,  Multiplicity-Pau- 
city; flocks  and  herds,  Fauna-Flora;  flock  together, 
Gathering-Scattering. 

floe.    A  tabular  mass.    Heat-Cold. 

floe'-berg".    Floe  ice  in  large  masses.    Heat-Cold. 

flog.  To  whip.  Recompense-Punition,  Sensuality- 
Suffering. 

flood.  A  copious  flow  or  stream;  an  abundant  supply. 
Enough,  Excess-Lack,  Gathering-Scattering, 
Magnitude-Smallness,  River-Wind,  Welfare- 
Misfortune;  flood  of  light,  Light-Darkness;  flood 
of  tears,  Jubilation-Lamentation;  stem  the  flood, 
Antagonism-Concurrence. 

flood'-gate".  A  gate  for  regulating  the  flow  of  water. 
Boundary,  Entrance-Exit,  Watercourse-Air- 
pipe;'  open  the  flood-gates,  Admission-Expulsion, 
Leave-Prohibition. 

flood'-mark".    A  high-water  mark.    Mensuration. 

flood'-tide".  The  rising  tide.  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Entirety-Deficiency,  Height-Lowness,  In- 
crease-Decrease, Water-Air. 

floor.  The  lower  part  of  any  room ;  a  horizontal  surface ; 
to  strike  down.  Erectness-Flatness,  Lamina- 
Fiber,  Success-Failure,  Top-Bottom  ;  ground  floor, 
Contents-Receiver. 

flop.     To  flap.     Agitation. 

Flo'-ra.  The  goddess  of  flowers.  Fauna-Flora, 
Zoology-Botany. 

flo'-ral.     Pertaining  to  flowers.     Fauna-Flora. 

flo'-ri-cul"-ture.  The  cultivation  of  flowers.  Domesti- 
cation-Agriculture. 

flor'-id.  Of  a  lively  reddish  hue.  Color-Achroma- 
tism, Redness-Greenness;  florid  style,  Health- 
Sickness,  Simplicity-Floridness. 

flor'-id-ness.     Excessive  embellishment.     Simplicity-  ! 
Floridness. 

flor'-in.     Coin.     Values. 

flo'-rist.  A  grower  or  dealer  in  flowers.  Domestica- 
tion-Agriculture. 

flosculi  sententiarum  [L.]  (flos'-kiu-lai  sen-ten"-shi-6'- 
rum).    Flowers  of  wisdom.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

floss.    Floss-silk.    Smoothness-Roughness. 

flo-til'-la.  A  small  fleet.  Belligerent,  Conveyance" 
Vessel. 

flot'-sam  and  jet'-sam.  Goods  thrown  up  by  the  tide 
from  wrecked  vessels  or  vessels  lightened  in  time  of 
danger.     Gathering-Scattering. 

flounce.  A  gathered  or  plaited  strip  sewed  by  its  upper 
edge  to  a  skirt;  a  fling.  Agitation,  Border,  Plica- 
ture,  Spring-Dive. 

floun'-der.  To  stumble  or  struggle.  Agitation,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Difficulty-Facility,  Mutability- 
Stability,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Success-Fail- 
ure, Vibration. 

flour.    Any  finely  powdered  substance.    Friability. 

flour'-ish.  To  biandish;  an  ornamental  design;  to  be 
prosperous;  to  boast.  Agitation,  Bragging,  Em- 
bellishment-Disfigurement, Gull-Hyperbole, 
Health-Sickness,  Pomp,  Reputation-Discredit, 
Simplicity-Floridness,  Speech-Inarticulateness, 
Vibration,  Welfare-Misfortune;  flourish  of  trum- 
pets, Bragging,  Loudness-Faintness,  Pomp,  Pub- 
licity, Solemnization. 

flour'-y.    Of  or  resembling  flour.    Friability. 

flout.  Toscoffat.  Regard-Disrespect, Regard-Scorn. 

flow.  To  overflow;  to  glide.  Enough,  Hardness-  ■ 
Softness,  Loudness-Faintness,  Movement-Rest, 
Period-Progress,  River-Wind,  Stream,  Suspen- 
sion-Support, Talkativeness-Taciturnity;  flow 
from,  Cause-Effect;  flow  in,  Entrance-Exit;  flow 
into,  Entrance-Exit,  River-Wind;  flow  of  ideas, 
Reflection- Vacancy;  flow  of  soul,  Conversation- 
Monologue,    Sociability-Privacy;  flow  of  spirits, 


FLOW. 


420 


FOAMING. 


Lightheartedness- Dejection;  flow  of  thoughts, 
Mind-Imbecility;  flow  of  time,  Period-Progress; 
flow  of  words,  Speech-Inarticulateness,  Talk- 
ativeness-Taciturnity, Terseness -Prolixity; 
flow  out,  Entrance-Exit,  River-Wind;  flow  over, 
Excess-Lack,  River- Wind;  flow  with  the  tide,  Dif- 
ficulty-Facility. 

flow'-er.  The  organ  or  organs  of  reproduction  in  a 
plant;  the  choicest  part  of  anything;  any  flower-like 
ornament.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Fauna- 
Flora,  Goodness -Badness,  Reputation- Dis- 
credit, Welfare-Misfortune;  flower  of  age,  Man- 
hood; flower  of  flock,  Goodness-Badness;  flower  of 
life,  Infancy-Age;  flower  painting,  Speech-Inar- 
ticulateness, Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

flow'-er-ing.     Blossoming.    Creation-Destruction. 

flow'-er-ing  plant.  A  plant  which  has  pistils  and 
stamens  and  produces  true  seeds.    Fauna-Flora. 

flow'-ers.  Anthology.  Digest;  flowers  of  rhetoric, 
Simplicity-Floridness. 

flow'-er-y.  Full  of  flowers;  florid.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement,   Simplicity-Floridness. 

flow'-ing.  Gliding  along  smoothly.  Loudness- 
Faintness,  Purity-Crudeness,  River-Wind,  Sus- 
pension-Support; flowing  periods,  Purity-Crude- 
ness. 

fluc'-tu-ate.  To  pass  forward  and  backward  irregu- 
larly. Determination-Vacillation,  Mutability- 
Stability,  Vibration. 

fluct"-u-a'-tion.  Unsteadiness;  sudden  rise  and  fall. 
Determination- Vacillation,  Vibration. 

flue.  A  channel  for  smoke  or  air  or  gases  of  combus- 
tion. Aperture-Closure,  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Heaviness-Lightness,  Watercourse-Airpipe. 

flu'-en-cy.    Volubility.     Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

flu'-ent.  Having  readiness  in  speaking  or  writing;  a 
stream;  a  variable  quantity.  Liquid-Gas,  Number, 
River-Wind;  fluent  language,  Purity-Crudeness, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

flu'-id.  A  liquid  or  gas.  Liquid-Gas;  fluid  in  motion, 
Stream. 

flu-id'-i-ty.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  fluid.  Liquid- 
Gas. 

fluke.  A  harpoon  barb;  an  accidental  or  unexpected 
advantage.     Angularity,  Purpose-Luck. 

flum'-mer-y.  Empty  compliment.  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement, Meaning-Jargon. 

flunk'-y.  A  servant  in  livery.  Chief -Underling, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

flunk'-y-ism.  Toadyism.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment. 

flu"-o-res'-cence.  The  property,  possessed  by  some 
transparent  bodies,  of  giving  off  light  differing  from 
their  own.     Diaphaneity-Opalescence. 

flur'-ry.  Perturbation.  Activity-Indolence,  Emo- 
tion, Excitability-Inexcitability,  Hurry-Lei- 
sure. 

flush.  To  redden  suddenly;  to  wash  out  with  water; 
even;  quite  full.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Color- 
Achromatism,  Emotion,  Enough,  Excitability- 
Inexcitability,  Health-Sickness,  Heat-Cold, 
Jubilation -Lamentation,  Levelness,  Light- 
Darkness,  Redness -Greenness,  River -Wind, 
Teetotalism-Intemperance;  flush  of  cash,  Afflu- 
ence-Penury. 

flushed.  Reddened.  Bragging,  Conceit-Diffidence, 
Excitation,  Jubilation -Lamentation,  Light- 
heartedness -  Dejection,  Sanguineness -Hope- 
lessness, Selfrespect-Humbleness,  Teetotalism- 
Intemperance;  flushed  with  rage,  Favorite-Anger; 
flushed  witk  success,  Success-Failure  ;  flushed  with 
victory,  Bragging. 

flus'-ter.     A  confused  state  of  mind.     Emotion,  Ex- 


citability-Inexcitability,    Excitation,      Heed- 
Disregard. 
flus'-tered.        Intoxicated.       Teetotalism-Intemper- 
ance. 
flute.     A    small  tubular    wind-instrument;  a  concave 

groove.     Groove,  Musical  Instruments. 
flAte,  en  [F.]  (nut,  an).      With  guns  on  the  upper  deck 

only.     Top-Bottom,  Weapons. 
flu'-ted.     Formed  with  flutes.     Groove. 
flu'-ting.     A  channel  or  furrow  in  a  column  or  in  the 

goods  of  a  lady's  ruffle.     Plicature. 
flut'-ter.     To  shake;  to  fluster.     Agitation,  Emotion, 
Excitability  -  Inexcitability,      Hurry  -  Leisure, 
Mutability-Stability,  Sancuineness-Timidity. 
flu'-vi-al.     Of  or  pertaining  to  rivers.     River- Wind. 
flu'- vi-a- tile.     Fluvial.     River-Wind. 
flux.     A  flowing;  to  melt;  chemical  promoting  melting. 
Chemistry,     Conversion-Reversion,     Liquefac- 
tion-Volatilization,   Movement -Rest,    River- 
Wind. 
flux  de  bouche  [F.]  (flii  de  bush).      An  inordinate  flow 

of  words.     Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 
flux'-ion.     The  rate  of  variation  of  a  changing  quantity. 

Number. 
flux'-ion-al.  Variable.  Number. 
flux'-ions.  Calculus  as  developed  by  Newton.  Num- 
bering. 
fly.  To  use  wings,  to  flee;  to  explode;  an  insect;  a 
carriage.  Arrival-Departure,  Color-Achroma- 
tism, Conveyance-  Vessel,  Greatness -Little- 
ness, Lastingness-Transientness,  Period-Prog- 
ress, Quest -Evasion,  Sanguineness -Timidity, 
Swiftness  -  Slowness,  Toughness  -  Brittleness, 
Traveling-Navigation,  Turbulence-Calmness  ; 
fly  at,  Attack-Defense;  fly  back,  Impetus-Reac- 
tion; fly  from,  Quest-Evasion;  fly  in  the  face  of, 
Antagonism  -  Concurrence,  Insubordination- 
Obedience,  Reprisal-Resistance;  fly  in  the  face 
of  facts,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy, Decision-Misjudgment,  Reprisal-Resist- 
ance; fly  kites,  Credit-Debt,  Loan-Borrowing, 
Settlement-Default;  fly  off,  Concentration- 
Radiation,  Push-Pull;  fly  open,  Aperture- 
Closure;  fly  out,  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Favorite-Anger,  Turbulence-Calmness;  fly  to 
arms,  Fighting-Conciliation. 
fly'-blown".     Tainted  with  the  eggs  or  larvae  of  a  fly. 

Cleanness-Filthiness. 
fly'-boat".     A  flat-bottomed  boat  for  canal  or  coasting. 

Conveyance-Vessel. 
fly'-ing.     The    act    of    flight.     Arrival-Departure, 
Color-Achromatism,    Conveyance-Vessel,    Last- 
ingness-Transientness,   Quest-Evasion,    Swift- 
ness-Slowness, Toughness-Brittleness,  Travel- 
ing-Navigation,  Trophy;    flying  buttress,  Archi- 
tecture;  flying  colors,  Pomp,  Solemnization,  Suc- 
cess-Failure;   flying  column,  Belligerent;  flying- 
fish,  Conventionality-Unconventionality;  flying 
rumor,  Tidings-Mystery. 
fly'-leaf".     A  blank  leaf  at  the  beginning  or  end  of  a 
book.     Environment-Interposition,  Missive-Pub- 
lication. 
fly'-trap".     A  fly-catcher.     Refuge-Pitfall. 
fly'-wheel".        A  heavy  wheel  used  in  machinery  to 
assist  in   securing  uniform  motion.     Revolution- 
Evolution. 
foal.     To  bring  forth  a  colt  or  filly.     Conveyer,  In- 
fant-Veteran. 
foam.     A  collection  of  minute  bubbles;   rage.     Agita- 
tion.   Excitability-Inexcitability,    Excitation, 
Favorite -Anger,    Turbulence -Calmness,    Vis- 
cidity-Foam; foam  with  rage,  Favorite-Anger. 
foam'-ing.       Present    participle   of    foam.       Excita- 
tion. 


FOB. 


421 


FOOL. 


fob.  A  watch-pocket  in  the  waistband  of  trousers. 
Contents -Receiver;  fob  off,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

fo'-cal.  Of ,  pertaining  to,  situated  at,  or  constituting 
a  focus.     Center. 

focis,  pro  arts  et  [L.]  (fo'-sis,  pro  e'-ris  et).  For  our 
firesides  and  altars.     Attack-Defense. 

fo'-cus.  A  point  of  meeting  of  a  system  of  rays  after 
passing  through  a  lens  or  being  reflected  from  a 
mirror.  Center,  Gatheringplace,  Oven-Refrig- 
erator; bring  into  a  focus,  Concentration-Radia- 
tion, Gatheringplace,  Gathering-Scattering;  in 
focus,  Visibility-Invisibility;  out  of  focus,  Visi- 
bility-Invisibility. 

fod'-der.  Coarse  feed  for  animals.  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion. 

foe.     An  enemy.    Friend-Foe. 

jcederis,  casus  [L.]  (fed'-er-is,  ke'-sus).  The  cause  of 
union.     Terms. 

foe'-man.    An  enemy  in  war.    Friend-Foe. 

jcenum  habet  in  cornu  [L.]  (fi'-num  he'-bet  in  cor'-niu). 
He  has  hay  upon  his  horn.  Benefactor-Evildoer, 
Warning. 

jcetor  [L.]  (fi'-tor).    A  stench.     Perfume-Stench. 

foe'-tus.  The  young  in  the  womb  or  in  the  egg.  Infant- 
Veteran. 

fog.  Condensed  watery  vapor  suspended  in  the  atmos- 
phere; bewilderment.  Certainty-Doubt,  Vis- 
cidity-Foam;  in  a  fog,  Enlightenment-Secrecy; 
London  fog,  Yellowness-Purple. 

fog'-gy.  Full  of  fog;  obscure.  Diaphaneity-Opaque- 
ness. 

fog-horn.  A  horn  for  sounding  warning  during  a  fog 
on  the  water.    Alarm,  Warning. 

fog'-sig"-nal.  A  horn,  whistle,  etc.,  for  sounding  a 
warning  during  a  fog  on  the  water.  Alarm,  Warn- 
ing. 

fo'-gy.  An  old-fashioned  fellow.  Sage-Fool,  So- 
ciety-Laughingstock. 

fob..    An  exclamation  of  disgust.    Desire-Distaste. 

Foh'-ist.  A  Chinese  worshiper  of  Foh.  Ministry- 
Laity. 

foi,  bonne  [F.]  (fwa,  bon).  Good  faith.  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

foi,  gardez  la  [F.]  (fwa,  gar-de'  la).  Keep  the  faith. 
Observance-Nonobser  VANCE. 

foi'-ble.  A  personal  weakness;  the  middle  portion  of 
a  sword-  or  foil-blade.    Virtue-Vice. 

foil.  To  frustrate;  metal  in  very  thin  sheets.  Archi- 
tecture, Lamina-Fiber,  Obstruction-Help,  Same- 
ness-Contrast, Success-Failure,  Weapon. 

foiled.    Baffled.    Success-Failure. 

foin.  To  run  through,  as  with  a  sword.  Impetus- 
Reaction. 

foist.  A  light,  swift  galley.  Conveyance- Vessel; 
foist  in,  Environment-Interposition;  foist  upon, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

jolatre  [F.]  (fo-latr').  Frolicsome.  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection. 

fold.  One  part  doubled  over  another;  a  plait;  a  pen; 
a  church;  Angularity,  Country,  Doubling- 
Halving,  Enclosure,  Geology,  Ministry-Laity, 
Plicature,  Release-Prison;  fold  in  one's  arms, 
Blandishment;  fold  one's  arms,  Action-Passive- 
ness;  fold  up,  Dress-Undress. 

fold'-ed.     Doubled.     Plicature. 

fo'-li-a'-ceous.  Of  the  nature  or  form  of  a  leaf. 
Lamina-Fiber. 

fo'-li-age.    Any  growth  of  leaves.     Fauna-Flora. 

fo'-li-a"-ted.  Beaten  into  a  leaf,  as  metal.  Lamina- 
Fiber. 

fo"-li-a'-tion.     Decoration.     Architecture. 

fo'-li-o.  A  book  or  the  like  composed  of  sheets  folded 
but  once.  Missive-Publication,  Writing-Printing. 


folk.     People  collectively.     Humanity. 

folk'-lore".  The  traditions,  beliefs,  and  customs  of  tha 
common  people.     Jove-Fiend. 

fol'-li-cle.  A  minute  cavity,  sac,  or  tube.  Contents- 
Receiver,  Convexity-Concavity. 

fol-lic'-u-lar.     Like  a  follicle.     Aperture-Closure. 

fol'-low.  To  go  or  come  after  and  in  the  same  direction ; 
to  succeed  in  time;  to  keep  the  thread  of  thought; 
to  act  under  the  leadership  of.  Antecedence-Se- 
quence, Clearness-Obscurity,  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Insubordination  -Obedi- 
ence, Leading-Following,  Precedence-Succes- 
sion, Proof-Disproof,  Quest-Evasion;  follow 
advice,  Advice,  Motive-Caprice  ;  follow  from,  Cause- 
Effect,  Ratiocination-Instinct;  follow  implicitly, 
Credulousness-Skepticism;  follow  suit,  Imitation- 
Originality;  follow  the  dictates  of,  Motive-Ca- 
price; follow  the  example  of,  Imitation-Originality; 
follow  the  lead  of,  Antagonism -Concurrence, 
Insubordination -Obedience;  follow  the  trail, 
Investigation-Answer,  Quest-Evasion;  follow 
up,  Discontinuance -Continuance,  Persistence- 
Whim,  Quest-Evasion. 

fol'-low-er.  One  who  follows;  an  admirer.  Chief- 
Underling,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Convention- 
ality-Unconventionality,  Instructor-Pupil,  In- 
subordination-Obedience, Leading-Following, 
Love-Hate,  Precedence-Succession,  Quest-Eva- 
sion. 

fol'-low-ing.  Succeeding.  Antecedence-Sequence, 
Leading-Following,  Proof-Disproof. 

fol'-ly.  Foolish  conduct ;  the  result  of  a  ruinous  enter- 
prise. Dweller-Habitation,  Sagacity-Incapac- 
ity, Skill-Unskilfulness;  act  of  folly,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

fo"-ment'.  To  bathe  with  warm  or  medicated  lotions; 
to  stir  up  to  heat  or  violence.  Alleviation-Aggra- 
vation, Excitation,  Heating-Cooling,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help, Turbulence-Calmness. 

jonctionnaire  [F.]  (fon'c"-si-on-er').  Public  officer. 
Chief-Underling. 

fond.  Disposed  to  love.  Love-Hate  ;  fond  hope,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness. 

fon'-dle.     To  caress.     Blandishment. 

fon'-dling.  One  who  or  that  which  is  fondled.  Favo- 
rite-Anger, Love-Hate. 

fond'-ness.  Strong  preference.  Desire-Distaste, 
Felicitation. 

fondre  en  larmes  [F.]  (fon'dr  an-  larm).  To  dissolve  in 
tears.    Jubilation-Lamentation. 

Jons  et  origo  [L.]  (fonz  et  orai'-go).  The  source  and 
origin.     Cause-Effect. 

font.  A  receptacle  for  water  used  in  baptizing;  a  foun- 
tain; a  complete  assortment  of  type  of  one  kind. 
Cause -Effect,  Ceremonial,  Fane,  Writing- 
Printing. 

food.  Nutriment.  Nutriment-Excretion,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help; food  for  powder,  Belligerent;  food  for 
the  mind,  Conception-Theme;  preparation  of  food, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

fool.  An  idiot;  to  gull.  Gull-Deceiver,  Healthi- 
ness-Unhealthiness,  Regard-Disrespect,  Sage- 
Fool,  Scholar-Dunce,  Truthfulness-Fraud; 
April  fool,  Society-Laughingstock;  fool  away 
money,  Extravagance-Avarice;  fool  away  time, 
Activity-Indolence;  fool's  errand,  Skill-Unskil- 
fulness, Truthfulness-Fraud;  fool's  mate,  Suc- 
cess-Failure; fool's  paradise,  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment,  Expectation-Disappointment,  Reckless- 
ness-Caution, Sanguineness-Hopelessness,  Sub- 
stance-Nullity; fool  to  the  top  of  one's  bent, 
Adulation-Disparagement,  Excitation,  Favo- 
rite-Anger, Society-Derision;  make  a  fool  of  one- 
self,    Skill-Unskilfulness,     Society-Ludicrous- 


FOOL. 


422 


FORCE— WEAKNESS. 


ness;  motley  fool,  Society-Derision,  Wag;  play  the 
fool,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity,   Society- Derision,    Society- Ludicroub- 

NESS. 

fool'-hard"-i-hood.  Mad  rashness.  Recklessness- 
Caution. 

fool'-hard"-i-ness.  Courage  without  sense  or  judgment. 
Recklessness-Caution. 

fool'-har''-dy.     Reckless.     Recklessness-Caution. 

fool'-ing.     Jesting.     Wittiness-Dulness. 

fool'-ish.  Like  a  fool.  Adage-Nonsense,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Casuistry, Sagacity-Incapacity,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness; act  foolishly,  Skill-Unskilfulness; 
look  foolish,  Reputation -Discredit,  Selfre- 
spect-Humbleness. 

fool'-ish-ness.     Folly.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

fools'-cap".  Writing-paper  folded  to  make  pages  about 
thirteen  by  eight  inches.    Sign,  Writing-Printing. 

*«ot.  The  part  below  the  ankle  in  man;  twelve  inches; 
a  succession  of  long  and  short  or  accented  and  unac- 
cented syllables.  Anatomy,  Length-Shortness, 
Measure,  Poetry-Prose,  Top-Bottom;  at  foot's 
pace,  Swiftness-Slowness;  at  the  foot  of,  Height- 
Lowness;  foot  by  foot,  Whole-Part;  foot  it,  Spring- 
Dive,  Traveling-Navigation;  keep  on  foot,  Discon- 

.  tinuance- Continuance,  Preparation -Nonprep- 
aration,  Provision-Waste,  Suspension-Support; 
not  stir  a  foot,  Action-Passiveness;  one  foot  in  the 
grave,  Infancy-Age,  Life-Death;  on  foot,  Actjv- 
ity-Indolence,  Agency,  Conception-Theme,  Du- 
ration -Neverness,  Entity -Nonentity,  Occur- 
rence-Destiny, Occupation,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation,  Traveling-Navigation  ;  put  one's  foot 
down,  Persistence-Whim;  put  one's  foot  in,  Enter- 
prise, Skill-Unskilfulness;  set  foot  on  land, 
Ocean-Land;  trample  under  foot,  Regard-Scorn, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

foot'-ball".  A  game  in  which  two  contesting  parties 
try  to  kick  or  carry  a  large  inflated  ball  past  an 
opposite  goal.  Entertainment-Weariness,  Lib- 
erty-Subjection. 

foot'-boy".     A  page.     Chief-Underling. 

foot'-bridge".    A  bridge  for  pedestrians  only.    Way. 

foot'-fall'.  The  sound  of  a  footstep.  Movement-Rest, 
Sign,  Success-Failure. 

Foot-Guards.  The  English  king's  palace  guards. 
Fighting-Conciliation. 

foot'-ing.  A  place  to  walk  or  stand  on;  a  recognized 
condition  of  social  relations;  a  footstep;  the  adding  of 
a  column  of  figures  or  the  sum  so  obtained.  Condi- 
tion-Situation, Dominance-Impotence,  Outlay- 
Income,  Position,  Station,  Suspension-Support, 
Top-Bottom  ;  be  on  a  footing,  Condition-Situation  ; 
friendly  footing,  Amity-Hostility;  get  a  footing, 
Establishment-Removal;  pay  one's  footing,  Rec- 

OMPENSE-PUNITION,  SETTLEMENT-DEFAULT. 

foot'-lights".  A  row  of  lights  in  front  of  the  stage  of  a 
theater.     Acting. 

foof-man.  A  man-servant  who  attends  a  carriage. 
Chief-Underling. 

foot'-mark".  The  impression  of  a  foot.  Mark- 
Obliteration. 

foot'-pad".     A  highwayman.     Robber. 

foot'-pas"-sen-ger.  One  who  passes  or  travels  on  foot 
Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

foot'-path".     A  path  for  persons  walking.     Way. 

foot' print".     A  footmark.     Mark-Obliteration. 

foot'sol"-dier.     An  infantryman.     Belligerent. 


foot'-sore".  Having  sore  feet.  Weariness-Refresh- 
ment. 

foot'-step".     A  footprint.     Mark-Obliteration. 

foot'-stool".  A  stool  for  the  feet;  a  down-trodden 
person  or  thing.     Suspension-Support. 

fop.     A  dandy.     Pomp,  Society-Dandy. 

fop'-per-y.     Dandyism.     Pomp. 

fop'-pish.  Characteristic  of  a  fop.  Society-Affecta- 
tion. 

for.  Since;  because.  Inclination,  Motive-Caprice, 
Preparation  -  Nonpreparation,  Purpose  -  Luck, 
Ratiocination-Instinct;  as  for,  Connection-In- 
dependence; for  all  that,  Compensation,  Modifica- 
tion; for  all  the  world  like,  Likeness-Unlike- 
ness;  for  a  season,  Duration-Neverness;  for  a 
time,  Duration-Neverness;  Lastingness-Tran- 
sientness;  for  aught  one  knows,  Rationale-Luck; 
for  better  for  worse,  Universality-Particularity; 
forever,  Eternity-Instantaneity;  for  example, 
Conventionality-Unconventionality;  for  form's 
sake,  Conventionality-Unconventionality;  for 
good,  Duration-Neverness,  Entirety -Defi- 
ciency, Lastingness-Transientness,  Mutation- 
Permanence;  for  nothing,  Costliness -Cheap- 
ness; for  the  most  part,  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Universality-Particularity  ;  for  the  nonce,  Time  ; 
for  the  time  being,  Duration-Neverness,  Time; 
have  for,  Price-Discount. 

for'-age.  Fodder;  to  collect  food  by  roving  search. 
Nutriment-Excretion,  Provision-Waste,  Theft. 

for'-age-cap".  A  low  cap  worn  by  officers  when  not  in 
full-dress  uniform.     Dress-Undress. 

fo-ra'-men.     An  opening.     Aperture-Closure. 

fo-ram'-i-nous.     Full  of  holes.     Aperture-Closure. 

for"-as-much'  as.  Seeing  or  considering  that.  Con- 
nection-Independence, Motive-Caprice,  Ratioci- 
nation-Instinct, Rationale-Luck. 

for'-ay.     A  raid.     Attack-Defense,  Theft. 

for-bear'.  To  refrain  from;  to  be  patient.  Compas- 
sion-ruthlessness,  excitability-lnexcitability, 
Harshness  -  Mildness,  Moderation  -  Selfindul- 
gence,  Quest-Evasion,  Use-Disuse. 

for-bear'-ance.  The  exercise  of  patience.  Compas- 
sion-ruthlessness,  excitability-lnexcitability, 
Moderation  -  Selfindulgence,  Quest  -  Evasion, 
Use-Disuse. 

for-bear'-ing.     Patient.    Compassion-Ruthlessness. 

for-bid'.  To  prohibit.  Leave-Prohibition;  God 
forbid,  Approval-Disapproval,  Assent-Dissent, 
Devotion-Idolatry,  Petition-Expostulation. 

for-bid'-den  fruit.  The  fruit  of  the  tree  of  knowledge  of 
good  and  evil  in  the  garden  of  Eden ;  unlawful  pleas- 
ure.    Leave-Prohibition,  Motive-Caprice. 

for-bid'-ding.  Repulsive.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Leave- 
Prohibition. 

force.  Any  operating  energy;  an  army;  vigor. 
Agency,  Coercion,  Force-Weakness,  Might- 
Impotence,  Motive-Caprice,  Rhetoric,  Strength- 
Weakness,  Turbulence-Calmness,  Vigor-Iner- 
tia; armed  force,  Belligerent;  brute  force,  Law- 
Lawlessness,  Strength-Weakness;  force  down  the 
throat,  Coercion,  Harshness- Mildness;  force 
majeure,  Coercion;  force  of  argument,  Coercion, 
Ratiocination-Instinct;  force  of  arms,  Coercion; 
force  one's  way,  Advance-Retrogression,  Trans- 
mission; put  in  force,  Completion  -  Noncomple- 
tion,   Dueness-Undueness. 


FORCE— WEAKNESS. 


Force.     The  capacity  to  convince,  convict,  or  move. 
Power.     Great  or  telling  force. 

Vigor      Capacity  for  energetic  action  or  exertion,  physical,  intel- 
lectual, or  moral. 


Feebleness.     The  quality  of  lacking  force,  energy,  or  vigor. 
Weakness.     A  want  of  strength  or  vigor. 

Weakness — Adjectives. 
Bald .     Without  embellishments  or  elegance ;  pointless. 


FORCE— WEAKNESS. 


423 


FOREHEAD. 


FORCE— WEAKNESS—  Continued. 


Force — Denotations,  etc. 


Antithesis.     A  strong  contrast. 

Boldness.     State  of  being  bold 

Command  of  language.  I  Power  to  use  language  to  express  its  strong- 
Command  of  words.       i      est  meaning. 

Elevation.     Exaltation  of  thought. 

Eloquence.  The  power  of  expressing  strong  emotions  in  striking  and 
appropriate  language. 

Glow.     Intense  excitement  or  earnestness. 

Gravity.     Importance  or  dignity. 

Loftiness,     State  or  character  of  being  elevated  or  noble. 

Piquancy.      Agreeable  intellectual  keenness. 

Point.     That  to  which  especial  importance  is  attached. 

Raciness.  The  quality  of  being  exciting  to  the  mental  taste  by  a 
distinctive  character  of  thought  or  language. 

Sententiousness,     The  quality  of  giving  terse  expression  to  thought. 

Spirit.     Energy  or  vivacity. 

Strong  language.  Language  adapted  to  make  an  effectual  impres- 
sion on  the  mind . 

Sublimity.     The  quality  of  awakening  of  awe,  etc. 

Verve.     Excitement  of  imagination. 

Warmth.     A  state  of  lively  and  excited  interest. 

Forc  e — A  djectives. 
Antithetical.     Strongly  contrasted. 
Bold.     Audacious;  striking. 
Elevated.     Lofty  in  character;  sublime. 
Eloquent.     Powerfully  expressive;  stirring;  convincing 
Forcible.     Vigorous;  energetic. 
Full  of  point.     Cogent. 

Glowing.     Burning;  showing  intense  feeling. 
Impassioned.     Greatly  animated  or  excited. 
Impressive.     Holding  the  attention ;  exciting  admiration- 
Incisive.     Cutting;  penetrating;  trenchant. 
Lively.     Vivid;  spirited. 
Lofty.     Stately;  noble;  elevated. 
Nervous.     Manifesting  terseness,  vigor,  and  crispness. 
Petulant.     Fretful;  peevish;  snappish. 
Piquant.     Racy;  sparkling;  lively. 
Pithy.     Forcible;  sententious. 
Poetic.     Having  regard  to  beauty. 
Pointed.     Pungent;  epigrammatic. 

Powerful.     Having  great  effect  on  the  mind ;  convincing. 
Pungent.     Piercing;  caustic. 

Racy.     Lively;    piquant;  tasting  of  the  stock  or  family,  like  cer- 
tain choice  wines. 
Sensational.     Causing  strong  feeling. 
Sententious.     Pithy;  axiomatic. 
Slashing.     Striking  or  cutting  at  random. 
Sparkling.     Brilliant;  vivacious. 
Spirited.     Full  of  spirit,  life,  or  vigor. 
Sublime.     Lofty,  mighty;  grand;  majestic;  solemn. 
Trenchant.     Effective;  penetrating;  biting. 


WEAKNESS— Adjectives— Continued. 

Careless.     Not  carefully  done  or  performed. 

Childish.     Immature. 

Cold.     Having  little  or  no  liveliness,  ardor,  or  enthusiasm. 

Diffuse.     Characterized  by  redundance  or  prolixity. 

Dry.     Lacking  interest. 

Dull.     Not  pleasing,  bright,  or  spirited. 

Feeble.     Lacking  force,  energy,  or  vigor. 

Flatulent.     Full  of  pretense  without  substance  or  reality. 

Frigid.     Lacking  in  warmth  of  feeling. 

Inexact.     Not  exact,  accurate,  or  true. 

Jejune.     Devoid  of  life,  point,  or  interest. 

Languid.     Wanting  in  interest  or  animation. 

Lax.     Wanting  preciseness  of  meaning  or  application. 

Loose.     Not  precise  or  exact;  vague;  indefinite. 

Meager.     Deficient  in  or  destitute  of  quantity  or  quality. 

Monotonous.     Tiresomely  unvarying  in  any  respect. 

Poor.  Lacking  in  good  qualities,  or  the  qualities  that  render  a  thing 
valuable. 

Prosaic.  Lacking  in  those  qualities  that  impart  animation  or  in- 
terest. ♦ 

Prosing.     Dull  and  tedious  in  minuteness  of  writing  or  speaking. 

Prosy.     Commonplace;  tiresome;  prosaic. 

Puerile.     Childish;  immature;  juvenile. 

Rambling.     Showing  absence  of  plan  or  system. 

Sketchy.     Given  roughly  or  suggestively  without  detail  or  finish. 

Slight.     Of  small  importance  or  significance. 

Slip-shod .     Slovenly. 

Slip-shop.     Slouch v  slio-shod 

Tame.     Lacking  in  interest  01  animation;  vapid. 

Trashy.     Consisting  of  or  like  trash ;  worthless. 

Unvaried.     Monotonous. 

Vapid.     Lacking  life  and  animation;  dull;  mawkish. 

Washy.     Feeble;  wanting  in  force;  savoring  like  dishwater. 

Weak.     Lacking  in  power  or  force. 

Wishy-washy.  Lacking  in  solidity  or  vigor;  forceless;  unsubstan- 
tial. 


FORCE — Adjectives — Continued. 

Vehement.      Carrying  all  before  it;  impetuous;  passionate;  fiery. 
Vigorous.     Powerful;  forcible. 

Force  — A  dverbs . 
In  glowing  terms. 
In  good  set  terms.     In   good  established    sentences.    A  fool  who 

railed  in  good  set  terms.    [Shakespeare,  As  You  Like  It,  II,  vii.J 
In  no  measured  terms.     In  a  style  unrestrained  or  unmoderated. 

Forc  e — Ph  rase. 

"Thoughts  that  breathe  and  words  that  burn.' 
Poesy,  3,  32  ] 


[Gray,  Progress  of 


force,  h  toute  [F.]  (fors,  a  tut).  With  all  one's  might. 
Might-Impotence. 

forced.  Strained;  unnatural.  Connection  -  Inde- 
pendence, Purity-Crudeness. 

for'-ceps.  Pincers.  Keeping  -  Relinquishment, 
Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

force'-pump".  A  pump  for  delivering  liquids  at  a 
great  pressure.  River-Wind,  Watercourse-Air- 
pipe.  * 

for'-ces.     An  army;   troop.     Belligerent. 

for'-ci-ble.  Cogent.  Agency,  Coercion,  Conver- 
sion-Reversion, Force-Weakness,  Might-Impo- 
tence, Motive-Caprice,  Strength-Weakness, 
Turbulence-Calmness,  Vigor-Inertia. 

ford.     To  wade  across.     Transmission,  Way. 

fore.  The  foremost  part.  Anteriority-Posterior- 
ity. 

fore'-and-aft'.  Lying  or  going  in  the  direction  of  the 
ship's  length.  Entirety-Deficiency,  Length- 
Shortness;  fore-ani-aft  schooner,  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

fore-arm'.  To  arm  beforehand.  Preparation-Non- 
preparation. 

fore-bode' .     Presage.     Prophecy. 


fore-bo'-ding.     Foretelling.     Prophecy. 

fore-cast'.  To  plan  in  advance;  to  predict.  Design, 
Prevision,  Prophecy. 

fore-close' .     To  shut  out  or  bar.     Obstruction. 

fore-doom'.  To  doom  in  advance.  Volition-Obli- 
gation. 

fore'-fa"-ther.     An  ancestor.     Parentage-Progeny. 

fore'-fin"-ger.     The  digit  next  to  the  thumb.     Touch. 

fore-go'.  To  relinquish.  Commission-Retirement, 
Keeping-Relinquishment,  Quest-Abandonment. 

fore-go'-ing.  Occurring  previously.  Antecedence- 
Sequence,  Future -Past,  Precedence -Succes- 
sion. 

fore-gone'.  Determined  already.  Antecedence- 
Sequence,  Future-Past;  foregone  conclusion, 
Decision  -  Misjudgment,  Predetermination  -  Im- 
pulse, Prevision. 

fore'-ground".  That  part  of  the  landscape  or  picture 
nearest  the  spectator.  Anteriority-Posteriority; 
in  the  foreground,  Anteriority-Posteriority, 
Manifestation-Latency. 

fore'-head.  The  upper  part  of  the  face  between  the 
eyes  and  the  hair.  Anatomy,  Anteriority-Poste- 
riority. 


FOREIGN. 


424 


FORM— FORMLESSNESS. 


for'-eign.  Alien ;  not  belonging  to  the  place  or  body  in 
which  it  is  found.  Connection-Independence, 
Constituent- Alien;  foreign  accent,  Vocalization- 
Muteness,  foreign  parts,  Constituent-Alien, 
Remoteness-Nearness. 

for'-eign-er.  A  citizen  of  a  foreign  country.  Con- 
stituent-Alien. 

fore-judge'.  To  judge  beforehand.  Decision-Mis- 
judgment,  Prevision. 

fore-know'.     To  know  beforehand.     Prevision. 

fore-knowl'-edge.  Knowledge  of  a  thing  before  it  hap- 
pens.    Prevision. 

fore'-land".  A  projecting  point  oi  land.  Convexity- 
Concavity,  Height-Lovvness. 

fore-lay'.     To  waylay.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

fore'-lock".  A  lock  of  hair  growing  over  the  forehead. 
Take  time  by  the  forelock,  Earliness-Lateness, 
Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

fore'-man.     The  head  man.     Manager. 

fore'-most".  First  in  place,  time,  rank,  or  order. 
Anteriority-Posteriority,  Beginning-End,  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Leading-Following, 
Reputation-Discredit,   Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

fore-noon'.     The  morning.     Morning-Evening. 

fo-ren'-sic.    Pertaining  to  courts  of  justice.  Advocate. 

forensis  strepitus  [L.]  (fo-ren'-sis  strep'-i-tus) .  The 
clamor  of  the  forum.     Sound-Silence. 

f ore"-or-dain' .  To  predestinate.  Occjrrence-Des- 
tiny. 

fore-or"-di-na'-tion.  Predestination.         Volition- 

Obligation. 

fore'-part".  The  fore  part.  Anteriority-Posterior- 
ity. 

fore'-rank".    The  front.     Anteriority-Posteriority. 

fore-run'.  To  run  in  advance  of.  Antecedence- 
Sequence,  Leading-Following. 

fore-run'-ner.  A  precursor.  Predecessor-Con- 
tinuation. 

fore-see".  To  see  or  discern  beforehand.  Expecta- 
tion-Surprise, Future-Past,  Prevision,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 

fore-see'-ing.  Seeing  or  knowing  before  occurrence. 
Prevision. 

fore-seen'.  Foreknown.  Astonishment-Expectance, 
Expectation-Surprise. 

fore-shad'-ow.  To  suggest,  indicate,  or  typify  before- 
hand.    Prophecy. 

fore-short'-en.  To  shorten  parts  of  a  representation  on 
a  surface  so  as  to  give  the  proper  impression  con- 
cerning form  and  proportion.     Length-Shortness. 

fore-show'.     To  prophesy.     Prophecy. 

fore'-sight".  Foreknowledge.  Expectation  -  Sur- 
prise, Prevision,  Recklessness-Caution,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity. 

fore'-skirt".    The  front  of  a  skirt.    Dress-Undress. 

fore'-sleeve".  The  part  of  the  sleeve  below  the  elbow. 
Dress-Undress. 

for'-est.  A  wooded  tract  of  land.  Country,  Fauna- 
Flora. 

fore-stall'.  To  hinder  or  guard  against  by  preparation; 
to  preoccupy.  Antecedence-Sequence,  Earli- 
ness-Lateness, Future-Past,  Holding-Exemp- 
tion. 

fore'-taste".     Enjoyment  by  anticipation.     Prevision. 

fore-tell'.     To  predict.     Prophecy. 

fore'-thought".  Foresight.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness, Prevision. 

fore'-to"-ken.    A  token  in  advance.    Prophecy. 

for-ev'-er.  To  the  end  of  time.  Eternity-Instan- 
taneity. 


fore-warn'.  To  admonish  or  caution  previously.  Pre- 
vision, Prophecy,  Warning. 

for'-feit.  To  lose  title  to  or  possession  of  throagh  fail- 
ure to  fulfil  some  obligation  or  condition.  Gain- 
Loss,  Observance-Nonobservance,  Recompense- 
Punition;  forfeit  one's  good  opinion,  Approval- 
Disapproval. 

for'-feit-ed.  Past  participle  of  forfeit.  Dueness- 
Undueness. 

for'-fei-ture.  The  act  of  forfeiting,  or  that  which  is 
forfeited.  Dueness-Undueness,  Gain-Loss,  Ob- 
servance-Nonobservance, Recompense-Penalty. 

for-fend'.  To  ward  off.  Attack-Defense,  Leave- 
Prohibition,  Obstruction-Help. 

for-gath'-er.     To  associate.     Gathering-Scattering. 

forge.  An  open  fireplace  or  hearth  with  forced  draft 
for  heating  metals;  to  fashion  or  form  in  any  way. 
Creation  -  Destruction,  Oven  -  Refrigerator, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood.Workshop;  forge  fetters, 
Release-Restraint. 

forged.  Fraudulently  imitated.  Truthfulness-Fab- 
rication. 

for'-ger.  One  who  makes  a  false  imitation  of  anything. 
Agent,  Robber. 

for'-ger-y.  The  act  of  forging.  Truthfulness-Fabri- 
cation, Truthfulness-Fraud. 

for-get'.  To  be  unable  to  recall  to  the  mind.  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness, Heed-Disregard,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness;  forget  benefits,  Thankful- 
ness-Thanklessness;  forget  injury,  Pardon-Vin- 
dictiveness;  forget  oneself,  Virtue-Vice;  hand  for- 
get cunning,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

for-get'-ful.     Apt  to  forget.     Remembrance-Forget- 

FULNESS. 

for-get'-ful-ness.  The  quality  of  being  forgetful.  Re- 
membrance-Forgetfulness. 

for-give'.    To  pardon.    Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

for-giv'-en.     Pardoned.     Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

for-give '-ness.  The  act  of  forgiving.  Pardon-Vin- 
dictiveness. 

for-giv'-ing.  Disposed  to  forgive.  Pardon-Vindic- 
tiveness. 

for-go'.    To  forego. 

for-got'-ten.  Lost  from  memory.  Future-Past, 
Remembrance  -  Forgetfulness,  Thankful:,  ess- 
Thanklessness;  forgotten  by  the  world,  Socia- 
bility-Privacy. 

fork.  A  pronged  implement.  Angularity,  Doubling- 
Halving;  forked  lightning,  Luminary-Shade;  fork 
out,  Giving-Receiving,  Outlay-Income,  Settle- 
ment-Default. 

forked.  Diverged  into  two  branches.  Doubling- 
Halving. 

fork'-ing.     Branching.     Angularity. 

for-lorn'.  Abandoned;  lonely;  wretched.  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 
Sociability-Privacy;  forlorn  hope,  Recklessness- 
Caution,  Security-Insecurity. 

form.  To  make;  to  shape;  to  shape  by  mental  or  moral 
influences;  a  bench;  a  class  in  school,  or  in  social  life. 
Beauty-Ugliness,  Ceremonial,  Condition-Situa- 
tion, Constituent-Alien,  Conversion-Reversion, 
Copy-Model,  Creation-Destruction,  Education- 
Misteaching,  Form-Formlessness,  Inclusion- 
Omission,  Instructor-Pupil,  Law-Lawlessness, 
Organization-Disorganization,  Pomp,  Precept, 
Regularity-Irregularity,  Society-Ludicrous- 
ness,  Suspension-Support,  Way;  form  a  part  of, 
Constituent-Alien;  form  a  party,  Association  - 
form  a  resolution,  Determination-Vacillation. 


FORM— FORMLESSNESS. 


Build.     General  figure,  as  of  a  man. 
Cast.     An  object  run  in  a  mold. 


Amorphism.     State  of  being  without  determinate  shape- 
Defacement      Injury  to  the  surface. 


FORM— FORMLESSNESS. 


425 


FORO  CONSCIENTLE. 


FORM— FORMLESSNESS— Continued. 


Configuration.     External  form  or  shape. 

Conformation.     Particular  structure  of  a  body. 

Construction.     Act  of  building;  that  which  is  built. 

Contour.  .  The  line  that  defines  a  body. 

Cut.      A  block  upon  which  something  is  engraved. 

Cut  of  one's  jib.     One's  general  appearance.     [Sailor's  metaphor.] 

Efformation.     Act  of  giving  form. 

Fashion.     Shape.  ■ 

Feature.     Any  part  or  lineament  of  the  face. 

Figuration.     The  act  of  giving  definite  form. 

Figure.     Visible  form  of  a  person  or  thing. 

Form.     Appearance,  as  distinguished  from  the  materials. 

Formation.     That  which  is  made  by  a  combination  of  materials. 

Forming.     The  exact  shaping. 

Frame.     Main  timbers  of  a  structure;  skeleton. 

Isomorphism.     A  similarity  of  crystalline  form. 

Lineament.     Outline  of  a  figure,  usually  of  the  face. 

Make.     Constitution,  structure,  as  a  man's  physical  make. 

Mold.     That  after  which  something  else  is  patterned. 

Morphology.     Science  of  form. 

Sculpture.     A  work  produced  by  the  chisel. 

Shape.     External  appearance. 

Stamp.     Cast  or  form. 

Structure.     Manner  of  building. 

Trim.     Order  or  condition. 

Turn.     Form  or  fashion. 

Type.     Form  or  character  impressed. 

Form — Associated  Nouns, 
Attitude.     Position  appropriate  to  expression  of  feeling. 
Pha^e.     An  aspect  of  that  which  presents  various  aspects. 
Pose.     Position  for  artistic  effect. 

Posture.     Position  without  reference  to  expression  of  feeling. 
S^t.     Carriage;  an  acquired  bend. 

Form — Verbs. 
Block  out.     To  mark  out  roughly. 
Build.      To  make  or  raise  anything,  as  a  house. 
Carve.     To  cut  raised  or  incised  figures. 
Cast.     To  form  into  a  particular  shape  by  pouring  liquid  metal  into 

a  mold. 
Chisel.     To  form  by  cutting  away  with  a  chisel. 
Cut.     To  separate ;  notch  with  an  edged  tool. 
Eff orm.     To  give  form  to. 
Fashion.     To  mold;  shape. 
Figure.     To  form  an  image  or  likeness  of. 
Form.     To  make  from  given  materials. 
Hammer  out.     To  form  by  persistent  mental  labor. 
Hew.     To  dress  with  an  edged  tool. 
Knead.     To  work  and  press  ingredients  into  a  mass. 
Lick  into  shape.     To  bring  gradually  into  shape,  as  the  kitten  or  the 

unlicked  cub. 
Model.     To  form  after  a  pattern. 


Deformity.     Something  detrimental  to  the  shape  of  an  entire  thing. 

Disfigurement.     That  which  mars  the  general  appearance. 

Disorder.     Want  of  any  order  or  method. 

Featureless.     Having  no  distinctive  features. 

Informity.     Shape  lessness. 

Mutilation.     Cutting  off  an  essential  part. 

Rudis  indigestaque  moles  [L.].     A  rude  and  undigested  mass, 

Unlicked  cub.     An  untrained  person. 

Formlessness — Verbs. 

Deface.     To  destroy  or  mar  the  face  or  external  appearance  of. 
Deform.     To  spoil  the  form  of. 

Derange.     To  put  out  of  proper  arrangement.     See  Organization- 
Disorganization. 
Disfigure.     To  mar  the  shape  or  figure  of. 
Mutilate.     To  destroy  or  remove  a  material  part  of. 
Truncate.     To  cut  off. 

Formlessness — Adjectives. 

Amorphous.     Having  no  determinate  shape. 
Barbarous.     Rude,  as  if  done  by  a  barbarian. 
Formless.     Without  due  order  of  parts. 
Gothic.     Rude;  barbaric. 
Rough.     Lacking  the  finish  of  art. 
Rude.     Exhibiting  but  the  least  of  art. 
Rugged.     Steep  and  rocky. 
Shapeless.     Without  shape  or  form. 
Unfashioned.     Not  shaped. 
Unformed.     Not  molded  or  fashioned. 
Unhewn.     In  its  virgin  state. 
Unshapen.     Not  shaped;  misshapen. 


FORM— Verbs— Continued. 

Mold.     To  form  into  a  particular  shape,  as  in  or  by  a  mold. 

Put  into  shape.     To  put  into  working  order. 

Rough  cast.     Arrange  in  the  rough. 

Rough  hew.     To  dress  roughly  with  an  edged  tool. 

Sculpture.     To  cut  out  images  with  the  chisel. 

Set.     To  fix  in  position. 

Shape.     To  reduce  to  particular  form. 

Sketch.     To  make  a  hasty  and  incomplete  presentation. 

Stamp.     To  impress  with  a  mark  or  figure. 

Trim.     To  dress  or  decorate ;  cut  or  lop  off. 

Work  up  into.     To  make  out  of  partially  spoiled  material 

Form — Adjectives. 

Fictile.     Relating  to  pottery. 
Formed.     See  Verbs. 
Isomorphous.     Similar  in  form. 

iMasmic.  (  Qjvjng  form  •  capable  of  being  molded. 
Plastic.  J 


format,  spreta  injuria  [L.]  (for'-mi,  spri'-ti  in-jiu'-ri-a). 
The  insult  to  her  despised  beauty.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness. 

form'-al.  Made,  framed,  or  done  in  accordance  with 
regular  and  established  forms  and  methods.  Asser- 
tion-Denial, Beauty-Ugliness,  Ceremonial,  Con- 
dition -  Situation,  Conventionality  -  Unconven- 
tionally, Education-Misteaching,  Form-Form- 
lessness, Instructor-Pupil,  Law-Lawlessness, 
Pomp,  Purity-Crudeness,  Society- Affectation, 
Society-Ludicrousness,  Way;  formal  speech, 
Speech-Inarticulateness. 

form'-al-ism.  Scrupulous  and  critical  observance  of 
forms.     Ceremonial. 

form'-al-ist.  One  who  is  over-attentive  to  forms. 
Ceremonial. 

form-al'-i-ty.  Conventionality.  Assertion-Denial, 
Law,  Pomp,  Society-Affectation,  Society-Ludi- 
crousness. 

for-ma'-tion.  The  act  or  process  of  forming  by  the 
combination  of  materials.  Creation-Destruction, 
Form-Formlessness. 

form'-a-tive.     Giving  form.     Creation-Destruction. 

formed.    Shaping.    Affections.   Form-Formlessness. 


for'-mer.  Preceding  in  the  order  of  time.  Antece- 
dence-Sequence, Future-Past,  Precedence-Suc- 
cession. 

for'-mer-ly.     In  time  past.     Future-Past. 

for"-mi-ca'-tion.  An  itching  sensation  like  the  creeping 
of  ants.     Tingling-Numbness. 

for'-mi-da-ble.  Dangerous  to  encounter.  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

form'-ing.      Shaping.      Constituent  -  Alien,     Form 
Formlessness. 

form -less.     Shapeless.     Form-Formlessness. 

for'-mu-la.      A  fixed  rule  or  set  form.      Adage-Non- 
sense, Law,  Number,  Precept,  Uniformity-Mul 
tiformity. 

for'-mu-la-ry.  A  church  ritual.  Ceremonial,  Pre- 
cept. 

for'-mu-late.  To  reduce  to  a  formula.  Law-Lawless- 
ness. 

for"-ni-ca'-tion.  Illicit  sexual  intercourse  between  un- 
married persons.     Purity-Impurity. 

for'-ni-ca"-tor.    One  who  fornicates.     Purity-Rake. 

for'-ni-ca"-tress.     A  harlot.     Purity-Rake. 

foro  conscientia  [L.]  (fo'-ro  con"-shi-en'-shi-i).  Before 
the    tribunal    of    conscience.      Duty-Dereliction, 


FORO  CONSCIENTLE. 


423 


FOUNDATION. 


Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty. 

for-sake'.     To  desert.     Quest-Abandonment. 

for-sa'-ken.     Deserted.     Love-Hate. 

for-sooth'.     In  truth.     Assertion-Denial. 

for-swear'.  To  abjure;  to  swear  falsely.  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Duty-Dereliction,  Proffer-Refusal, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty. 

for-sworn'.     Perjured.     Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

fort.  A  single  enclosed  work  capable  of  independent 
defense.    Attack-Defense,  Refuge-Pitfall. 

fort,  du.  .  .  .  au  faible  [F.]  (dii-fort  o  febl).  Strong  and 
weak  take  together.  Solitude-Company,  Strength- 
Weakness. 

fort,  le  droit  de  plus  [F.]  (for,  le  drwa  de  plu) .  Club  law. 
Coercion,  Law-Lawlessness. 

fort'-a-lice.  An  outwork  of  a  fortification.  Attack- 
Defense. 

forte.     Chief  excellence.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

fort'-e-lage.     A  fortalice.     Attack-Defense. 

fortes  fortuna  adjuvat  [L.]  (for'-tiz  for-tiu'-na  ad'-jiu- 
vat).  Fortune  favors  the  brave.  Bravery-Cow- 
ardice, Rationale-Luck. 

forth.  Forward.  Advance-Retrogression;  and  so 
forth,  Addition-Subtraction;  come  forth,  En- 
trance-Exit, Visibility-Invisibility;  go  forth, 
Arrival-Departure;  the  decree  has  gone  forth, 
Order. 

forth'-com"-ing.  Coming  forth.  Occurrence-Des- 
tiny, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

forth"-with\     Immediately.     Earliness-Lateness. 

for"-ti-fi-ca'-tion.  Any  military  defensive  work.  At- 
tack-Defense. 

for'-ti-fy.     To  strengthen.     Strength-Weakness. 

fortiori,  a  [L.]  (for"-shi-o'-rai,  e).  With  stronger 
reason.  Evidence-Counterevidence,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct. 

fortis  cadere,  cedere  non  potest  [L.]  (for'-tis  cad'-er-i, 
sed'-er-i  non  po'-test).  The  brave  man  may  fall, 
yield  he  cannot.  Determination-Vacillation, 
Might-Impotence. 

fortiter  in  re  [L.]  (for'-ti-ter  in  ri).  Firmly  in  the  act. 
Vigor-Inertia. 

for'-ti-tude.  Patient  courage.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Excitability-Inexcitability. 

fort'-night"-ly.  Occurring,  coming,  or  issued  every 
fortnight.     Periodicity-Irregularity. 

fort'-ress.  A  stronghold.  Attack-Defense,  Re- 
lease-Prison. 

for-tu'-i-tous.  Occurring  by  chance.  Purpose-Luck, 
Rationale-Luck;  fortuitous  concourse  of  atoms, 
Regularity-Irregularity. 

fortuna,  magna  servitus  est  magna  [L.]  (for-tiu'-na, 
mag'-na  ser'-vi-tus  est  mag'-na).  Great  fortune  is 
great  slavery.     Affluence-Penury. 

fortuna  favet  fatuis  [L.]  (for-tiu'-na  fe'-vet  fat'-yu-is). 
Fortune  favors  fools.  Rationale-Luck,  Sage- 
Fool. 

fortuna  multis  dat  nimium,  nulli  satis  [L.]  (for-tiu'-na 
mul'-tis  dat  nim'-i-um,  nul'-lai  se'-tis).  Fortune  to 
many  gives  too  much,  to  none  enough.  Excess- 
Lack. 

for'-tu-nate.  Lucky;  prosperous.  Opportuneness- 
Unsuitableness,  Success-Failure,  Welfare-Mis- 
fortune. 

For-tu-na'-tus's  cap.  A  cap'  given  to  Fortunatus,  the 
hero  of  a  drama,  by  the  gods.  It  rendered  the 
wearer  invisible.  Desire-Distaste,  Devotion- 
Charm  ;   Fortunatus's  purse,  Affluence-Penury. 

for'-tune.  Chance;  wealth;  the  forecast  of  one's 
future.  Account,  Affluence-Penury,  Ration- 
ale-Luck,  Volition-Obligation;  be  one's  fortune, 
Occurrence-Destiny;   evil  fortune,  Welfare-Mis- 


fortune; good  fortune,  Success-Failure,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune; make  one's  fortune,  Purpose- 
Luck,  Venture;  tempt  fortune,  Affluence-Pen- 
ury, Success-Failure;  trick  of  fortune,  Expec- 
tation-Disappointment; try  one's  fortune,  Trial, 
Venture  ;  wheel  of  fortune,  Volition-Obligation. 

for'-tune-hunt"-er.  One  who  seeks  to  marry  a  fortune. 
Presumption  -  Obsequiousness,  Unselfishness 
Selfishness. 

for'-tune-less.  Without  a  fortune  or  inheritance. 
Affluence-Penury. 

for'-tunes  of .     The  events  of  one's  life.     Accounting. 

for'-tune-tel"-ler.  One  who  pretends  to  a  knowledge 
of  futurity  and  foretells  the  events  of  one's  life. 
Soothsayer. 

f  or'-tune-tel"-ling.  The  foretelling  of  the  future  events 
of  one's  life.     Prophecy. 

for'-ty.  Four  times  ten.  Five-Quinquesection; 
forty  winks,  Activity-Indolence. 

fo'-rum.    A  court.     School,  Tribunal. 

for'-ward.  To  send  on  ahead ;  to  advance  the  growth 
of;  located  at  or  near  the  front;  bold.  Activity- 
Indolence,  Advance-Retrogression,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Conceit-Diffidence,  Earli- 
ness-Lateness, Felicitation,  Obstruction-Help, 
Presumption  -  Obsequiousness,  Readiness  -  Re- 
luctance, Transfer;  bend  forward,  Anteriority- 
Posteriority;  come  forward,  Pomp,  Proffer-Re- 
fusal, Visibility-Invisibility;  forward  in,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance; move  forward,  Advance-Retro- 
gression; press  forward,  Hurry-Leisure;  put 
forward,  Assertion-Denial,  Help;  put  oneself 
forward,  Conceit-Diffidence,  Pomp;  set  forward, 
Enterprise. 

for'-ward-ness.  Promptness.  Readiness  -  Reluc- 
tance. 

fosse.  A  ditch  or  moat.  Attack-Defense,  En- 
closure, Groove. 

fos'-sil.  An  organic  body  so  situated  in  the  earth  as  to 
be  capable  of  indefinite  preservation.  Geology, 
Hardness-Softness,    Life-Corpse,    Novelty-An-- 

TIQUITY,  OrGANIZATION-InORGANIZATION. 

fos'-ter.  To  provide  with  nourishment.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Blandishment,  Excitation,  OBr 
struction-Help,  Patriotism-Tyranny;  foster  a 
belief,  Faith-Misgiving. 

fou  [F.]  (fu).     Mad.     Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

foul.  Filthy;  unfair;  ugly;  to  collide.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Impetus-Reaction,  Uprightness-Rogue, 
Virtue-Vice;  fall  foul  of,  Antagonism  Concur- 
rence, Approval-Disapproval,  Attacr--Defense, 
Obstruction-Help,  Strife-Peace,  Variance- 
Accord;  foul  fiend,  Angel-Satan;  foul  language, 
Charitableness-Curse;  foul  odor,  Perfume- 
Stench;  foul  play,  Craft-Artlessness,  Good-Evil, 
Right- Wrong,  Uprightness-Dishonesty;  run 
foul  of,  Impetus-Reaction,  Obstruction-Help. 

foule,  en  [F.]  (ful,  an').  In  a  crowd.  Multiplicity- 
Paucity. 

foul'-mouthed".  Using  vile  language.  Adulation- 
Disparagement,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

foul'-ness.     Filthiness.     Perfume-Stench. 

foul'-spok"-en.  Foul-mouthed.  Adulation-Dis. 
paragement,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

foul'-tongued".  Abusive.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment. 

found.  To  establish.  Beginning-End,  Cause- 
Effect,  Suspension-Support. 

foun-da'-tion.  The  act  of  establishing;  the  base  upon 
which  a  building  or  machine  is  erected.  -Cause- 
Effect,  Mutability-Stability,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation, Suspension-Support,  Top-Bottom, 
lay  the  foundations,  Preparation-Nonpreparation; 


FOUNDATION. 


427 


FRAUD. 


sandy  foundation,  Refuge-Pitfall;  shake  to  its 
foundations,  Agitation. 

found'-ed.  Established.  Founded  on,  Evidence- 
Counterevidence,  Top-Bottom;  well  founded, 
Likelihood-Unlikelihood. 

found'-er.  One  who  founds  or  endows.  Maker-De- 
stroyer, Spring-Dive,  Success-Failure;  religious 
founders,  Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

found'-ered.     Failed;  miscarried.     Success-Failure. 

found'-ling.  A  deserted  infant  of  unknown  parentage. 
Gain-Loss,  Keeping-Relinquishment,  Wayfarer- 
Seafarer. 

foun'-dry.  An  establishment  where  metals  are  cast. 
Workshop. 

fount.  A  complete  collection  of  a  particular  kind  of 
type.     River- Wind,  Store,  Writing-Printing. 

foun'-tain.  Aspringof  water;  a  supply- vessel.  Cause- 
Effect,  River- Wind,  Store;  fountain  head,  Cause- 
Effect,  Top-Bottom. 

four.  Twice  two.  Quaternity;  four-in-hand,  Con- 
veyance-Vessel; fourscore,  etc.,  Five-Quinque- 
section;  four  times,  Quadruplication-Quadri- 
section;  from  the  four  winds,  Aim-Aberration; 
on  all  fours,  Difficulty-Facility,  Erectness-Flat- 
ness,  Harmony-Discord,  Sameness-Contrast, 
Selfrespect-Humbleness,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

four'-fold".  Quadruple.  Quadruplication-Quadri- 
section. 

four'-oar".  A  boat  with  four  oars.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

fourth.  Next  in  order  after  the  third;  one  of  four 
equal  parts;  the  interval  between  any  note  and  the 
fourth  note  above  it.  Melody-Dissonance,  Quad- 
ruple ation-Quadrisection. 

fourth'-ly.  In  the  fourth  place.  Quadruplication- 
Quadrisection. 

four'-wheel"-er.  A  vehicle  having  four  wheels.  Con- 
veyance-Vessel. 

fous,  les  .  . .  font  les  jestins  et  les  sages  les  mangent  [F.] 
(le  fu,fon'  le  fes-tair  e  le  sazh  16  man'zh).  Fools 
make  feasts  and  wise  men  eat  them.  Extrava- 
gance-Avarice, Sage-Fool. 

fowl.     Any  bird.     Fauna-Flora. 

fowl'-ing-piece".  A  light  smooth-bore  shotgun  for 
bird-shooting.     Weapon. 

fox.  A  burrowing  canine  mammal  having  an  elongated 
pointed  muzzle  and  long  bushy  tail;  a  crafty  person. 
Craft-Artlessness,     Fauna -Flora;     fox- chase, 


Quest-Ev-asion. 
foxMi 


-hound".  A  superior  variety  of  hound  for  chasing 
foxes.     Fauna-Flora. 

fox'-ter"-ri-er.  A  dog  of  the  terrier  breed  resembling 
a  fox  in  the  shape  of  his  head.     Fauna-Flora. 

fox'-y.  Reddish-brown.  Gray-Brown,  Redness- 
Greenness. 

Fox'-y  Quil'-ler.  A  braggart;  from  a  character  in  The 
Highwayman ,      Bragging. 

fra'-cas.  A  noisy  fight;  an  uproar.  Loudness-Faint- 
ness,  Regularity-Irregularity,  Strife-Peace, 
Variance- Accord. 

frac'-tion.  A  quantity  less  than  a  unit.  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Number,  Plurality-Fraction,  Whole- 
Part. 

frac'-tion-al.  Pertaining  to  fractions.  Number, 
Whole-Part;  fractional  distillation,  Chemistry. 

frac'-tious.    Unruly.    Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

frac'-ture.  To  separate  the  parts  of  with  violence. 
Continuity-Interruption,  Union-Disunion. 

frag'-ile.  Frail.  Strength-Weakness,  Toughness- 
Brittleness. 

fra-gil'-i-ty.  Brittleness.  Strength -Weakness, 
Toughness-Brittleness. 

frag'-ment.  A  part  broken  off.  Greatness-Little- 
ness, Magnitude-Smallness,  Whole-Part. 


frag'-ment-a-ry.  Broken  up;  not  entire.  Whole- 
Part. 

fra'-grance.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  fragrant. 
Perfume-Stench. 

fra'-grant.     Sweet-smelling.     Perfume-Stench. 

fra'-grant  weed.     A  sweet-smelling  weed.     Pungency. 

frail.  Easily  broken  or  destroyed;  deficient  in  moral 
strength.  Determination-Vacillation,  Fault- 
lessness-Faultiness,  Purity-Impurity,  Strength- 
Weakness,  Toughness-Brittleness,  Virtue-Vice; 
frail  sisterhood,  Purity-Rake. 

frail'-ty.     Sin  of  infirmity.     Virtue-Vice. 

jrais,  d.  grands  [F.]  (fre,  a  gran).  A  great  expense. 
Costliness-Cheapness. 

frame.  The  general  arrangement  or  constitution  of  a 
thing;  a  case  or  border;  to  put  together.  Border, 
Condition-Situation,  Creation-Destruction,  De- 
sign, Form-Formlessness,  Materiality-Spiritu- 
ality, Texture  ;  frame  of  mind,  Affections,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance, Volition-Obligation;  have 
framed  and  glazed,  Pomp. 

framed.    Formed.    Affections. 

frame'-work".  A  skeleton  structure  or  frame  for  sup- 
porting something.    Suspension-Support,  Texture. 

franc.     Coin.     Values. 

frangaise,  &  la  [F.]  (fran-sez',  a  la).  In  French  style. 
Society-Ludicrousness. 

fran'-chise.  A  special  privilege  or  exemption  vested  in 
a  person  or  body.  Dueness-Undueness,  Duty- 
Immunity,  Liberty-Subjection. 

Fran-cis'-can.  A  member  of  a  mendicant  order  founded 
by  St.  Francis.     Ministry-Laity. 

franc-tireur  [F.]  (fran-ti-rur').  A  French  sharpshooter. 
Belligerent. 

franges,  non  flectes  [L.]  (fran'-jiz,  non  flec'-tiz).  You 
may  break,  you  shall  not  bend.  Determination- 
Vacillation. 

fran"-gi-bil'-i-ty.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  fran- 
gible.    Toughness-Brittleness. 

fran'-gi-ble.  Easily  broken.  Toughness-Brittle- 
ness. 

frank.  Candid  and  open  in  manner  and  disposition. 
Craft  -  Artlessness,  Manifestation  -  Latency, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

frank"-al-moigne'.  A  tenure  by  which  a  religious  cor- 
poration holds  lands  given  to  them  and  their  suc- 
cessors forever.     Liberty-Subjection. 

Fran'-ken-stein.  The  hero  of  a  novel  named  after  him, 
who  created  a  monster.  Benefactor-Evildoer, 
Jove-Fiend;  Frankenstein's  monster,  Benefactor- 
Evil-doer,  Jove-Fiend. 

frank'-in-cense.  An  aromatic  substance  produced  by 
the  Norway  spruce.     Perfume-Stench. 

Frank'-lin-stove".  A  stove  invented  by  Benjamin 
Franklin.     Oven-Refrigerator. 

frank'-ness.     Candor.     Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

fran'-tic.  Frenzied.  Excitation,  Saneness-Lunacy, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

fra-ter'-nal.  Brotherly.  Amity-Hostility,  Relation- 
ship, Variance-Accord. 

fra-ter'-ni-ty.  A  brotherhood.  Amity-Hostility,  As- 
sociation, Relationship. 

frat"-er-ni-za'-tion.  The  act  of  uniting  as  brothers. 
Amity-Hostility. 

fra'-ter-nize.  To  bring  into  brotherly  relations.  Amity- 
Hostility,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Chari- 
tableness -  Malevolence,  Sociability  -  Privacy, 
Variance-Accord. 

frat'-ri-cide.    One  who  kills  a  brother.    Life-Killing. 

fraud.  An  act  of  deliberate  deception  practised  with 
the  object  of  gaining  something  to  the  prejudice  of 
another.  Theft,  Truthfulness -Falsehood, 
Truthfulness-Fraud,  Uprightness-Dishonesty; 
pious  fraud,  Piety-Ungodliness. 


FRAUDE. 


428 


FREQUENCY— RARITY. 


fraude,  ab  ulla  [L.]  (frau'-di,  ab  ul'-la).  Without  any 
fraud.     Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

fraud'-u-lence.  Deceitfulness.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

fraud'-u-len-cy.  The  quality  of  being  fraudulent. 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

fraud'-u-lent.  Obtained  or  performed  by  fraud.  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood, Truthfulness-Fraud,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

fraught.  Freighted  or  laden.  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Entirety-Deficiency,  Holding-Exemption; 
fraught  with  danger,  Security-Insecurity. 

fray.  To  wear  the  surface  or  margin  off;  a  combat 
Friction-Lubrication,  Strife-Peace;  in  the  thick 
of  the  fray,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

frayed.     Raveled.     Betterment-Deterioration. 

freak.     A  whim.     Persistence-Whim. 

freak'-ish.    Capricious.    Persistence-Whim. 

freck'-le.  A  small  spot  on  the  skin.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement. 

freck'-led.  Marked  with  freckles.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement,  Variegation. 

fredaine  [F.]  (fre-den').  A  frolic.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

free.  Independent;  frank;  immodest;  unobstructed; 
without  fee;  liberal;  not  attached.  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness, Costliness-Cheapness,  Difficulty-Facility, 
Duty-Immunity,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Gener- 
osity-Frugality, Liberty-Subjection,  Purity- 
Impurity,  Release-Restraint,  Union-Disunion, 
Volition-Obligation;  free  and  easy,  Amity-Hos- 
tility, Conceit-Diffidence,  Liberty-Subjection, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Presumption-Ob- 
sequiousness, Recklessness-Caution,  Sociabil- 
ity-Privacy; free  fight,  Strife-Peace;  free  from, 
Mixture-Homogeneity,  Obstruction-Help;  free 
from  imperfection,  Faultlessness-Faultiness;  free 
gift,  Giving-Receiving;  free  land,  Giving-Receiv- 
ing;  free  liver,  Moderation-Voluptuary;  free  play, 
Agency,  Liberty-Subjection;  free  quarters,  Cost- 
liness-Cheapness, Sociability-Privacy;  free  seats, 
Costliness-Cheapness;  free  space,  Extension-Dis- 
trict; free  stage,  Liberty-Subjection;  free  trade, 
Exchange,  Liberty-Subjection;  free  translation, 
Interpretation-Misinterpretation;  free  will,  Vo- 
lition-Obligation; make  free  of,  Liberty-Subjec- 
tion; make  free  with,  Craft-Artlessness,  Liberty- 
Subjection,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Sociabil- 
ity-Privacy, Taking. 

free'-hoot"-er.     A  robber.     Robber. 

free'-born".  Not  born  in  servitude.  Liberty-Sub- 
jection. 

freed'-man.  An  emancipated  slave.  Liberty-Sub- 
jection. 

FREQUENCY 

Frequency.     Occurrence  of  a  thing  often,  at  short  intervals. 

Oftenness.     Property  of  happening  many  times. 

Repetition.     An  action  done  again. 

Frequency — Verbs. 

Do  nothing  but.     To  do  continually. 

Frequent.     To  visit  often. 

JCp  n  on  i  ^°  happen  continually;  continue. 

Recur.  To  occur  again  according  to  an  established  rule.  See 
Recurrence. 

Frequency — Adjectives. 
Constant.     Without  irregularity. 
Continual.     Long  continued. 
Frequent.     Occurring  often  at  short  intervals. 
Habitual.     Constant. 
Incessant.     Without  perceptible  pause. 
Many  times.  \ ~  .         tL 

Not  rare.        }  Occurring  often. 

Perpetual.     Never  ceasing. 

Repeated.     Done  or  said  more  than  once. 

Thickcoming.     Coming  close  together. 


free'-dom.  Liberty.  Cohesion-Looseness,  Duty- 
Immunity,  Liberty-Subjection,  Rule-License, 
Volition-Obligation. 

free'-hand"-ed.     Generous.     Generosity-Frugality. 

free'-heart"-ed.  Generous.  Generosity-Frugality, 
Manifestation-Latency. 

free-hold".  An  estate  in  lands.  Liberty-Subjection, 
Property. 

free'-liv"-er.  One  who  gratifies  his  appetite.  Mod- 
eration-Voluptuary. 

free'-liv"-ing.  Living  without  restraint.  Modera- 
tion-Selfindulgence. 

free'-love".  The  doctrine  of  unrestrained  choice  in 
sexual  relations.  Love-Hate,  Matrimony-Celi- 
bacy, Purity-Impurity. 

free'-ly.  Willingly.  Liberty-Subjection,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance. 

free'-man.     One  not  a  slave.     Liberty-Subjection. 

Free'-ma"-son-ry.  The  institutions  and  principles  of 
Freemasons.  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Associ- 
ation, Clearness-Obscurity,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Sign. 

Free'-soil"-er.  A  member  of  the  Free-soil  political 
party  in  the  United  States.     Association. 

free'-spo"-ken.  Accustomed  to  speak  without  reserve. 
Craft-Artlessness. 

free'-think"-er.  One  unbiased  by  authority  or  dogma. 
Godliness-Disbelief. 

Free'-will"  Bap'-tist.  An  open  communion  Baptist. 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

freeze.     To    harden    with    cold.     Heating-Cooling. 

freeze  the  blood,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

freez'-ing.  Hardening  with  cold.  Heat-Cold;  freez- 
ing mixture,  Oven-Refrigerator. 

freight.  To  lade  with  goods  for  transportation.  Con- 
tents-Receiver, Establishment-Removal,  Trans- 
fer. 

freight'-age.  The  price  for  carrying  goods.  Price- 
Discount. 

French.  Pertaining  to  France.  French  and  English, 
Entertainment- Weariness;  French  horn,  Musical 
Instruments;  French  leave,  Liberty-Subjection, 
Quest-Evasion;  French  polish,  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement;  pedler's   French,  Word-Neology 

fre-net'-ic.  Relating  to  mental  disorder.  Sane- 
ness-Lunacy. 

fren'-zied.  Distracted.  Saneness-Lunacy,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness. 

fren'-zy.      Frantic  excitement.      Excitability-Inex- 

,  citability,  Fancy,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

fre'-quen-cy.  Occurrence  oft  repeated.  Frequency- 
Rarity. 


—RARITY. 

Fewness.     Smallness  of  number. 
Infrequency.     Quality  of  not  happening  often. 

p     -t        "f  Quality  of  being  uncommon. 

Seldomness.     Quality  of  happening  only  at  great  interval*. 

Rarity — Verbs. 
Be  rare.  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Rarity — Adjectives. 
Infrequent.     Not  often. 
Few.     Small  in  number. 
Rare.     Occurring  but  seldom. 
Rare  as  a  blue  diamond.     Exceedingly  rare. 
Scarce.     Rarely  occurring. 
Unfrequent.     Not  happening  often. 
Unprecedented.     Unlike  anything  that  goes  before. 

Rarity — Adverbs. 
Almost  unheard  of. 
Hardly.     Scarcely  ever. 
Hardly  ever.     Seldom. 
Not  often.     Rarely. 


FREQUENCY— RARITY. 


429 


FRIABILITY. 


FREQUENCY—  RARITY— Continued. 


Frequency — Adverbs. 


Again  and  again.     Repeatedly. 

At  all  times.      Continually. 

At  times.     Occasionally. 

Commonly.     Frequently. 

Constantly.     Steadily. 

Continually.     Without  cessation. 

Daily.     Occurring  every  day. 

Daily  and  hourly.     Frequently. 

Day  after  day.     Daily. 

Day  and  night.    Continually. 

Ever  and  anon.    Occasionally. 

Every  day.      Daily. 

Every  hour.     Hourly. 

Every  moment.     Very  frequently. 

Frequently.     Happening  often  at  short  intervals. 

From  time  to  time.     At  intervals. 

Hourly.     Occurring  every  hour. 

Incessantly.     Without  perceptible  pause. 

In  quick  succession.  j  y        freqUently. 

In  rapid  succession.   J 

Many  a  time  and  oft.   Very  often.    [Shakespeare,  Julius  Ctesart  I,  L] 

Morning,  noon,  and  night.    Continually. 

Most  often.    Very  frequently.  * 

Kight  and  day.      Continually. 

Now  and  then.     Occasionally. 

Not  unfrequently.     Quite  often. 

Not  unseldom.     Occasionally. 

Occasionally.     Every  once  in  a  while. 

Often.}  Many  timeS' 


RARITY— Adverbs— Continued. 

Not  within  one*s  previous  experience. 

Not  within  the  memory  of  the  oldest  inhabitant. 

Once.     Occurring  one  time. 

Once  for  all.     The  last  and  only  time. 

Once  in  a  blue  moon.     Very  seldom. 

Once  in  a  way.      Once,  somehow. 

Pro  hoc  vice  [L.].     For  this  occasion. 

Rarely.     Not  often. 

Scarcely.     Hardly. 

Scarcely  ever.     Not  often. 

Seldom.     Once  in  a  great  while. 

Unfrequently.     Not  very  often. 

Unoften.     Not  often. 

R  a  r  it  y — Phrase , 
Eintnaltkein  mat  [G.].     Just  once,  nothing  counts. 


FREQUENCY— Adverbs— Continued. 
Often  enough.     Quite  frequently.  - 
Oftt*  *  1  ^  frequent  intervals. 

Perpetually.     Never  ceasing. 
Repeatedly.     More  than  once. 
Sometimes.     Occasionally. 
There  being  times  when.    Upon  occasion. 
Toties  quoties  [L.].     As  often  as. 
Unseldom.      Often. 
Without  ceasing.     Continually. 


Frequency — Phrase. 

Rin  mat,  kein  mal  [G.].     Just  once,  nothing  counts;  one  time,  no  time. 


fre'-quent.  Occurring  often;  to  resort  to  habitually. 
Frequency-Rarity,  Habit-Desuetude,  Presence- 
Absence,  Recurrence. 

fre'-quent-ly.  Often.  Frequency-Rarity,  Recur- 
rence. 

fres'-co.  A  picture  painted  on  plaster.  Heat-Cold, 
Painting;  alfresco,  Outside-Inside,  Water-Air. 

fresh.  Newly  prepared;  refreshing;  new;  sober; 
without  frost.  Beginning-End,  Color-Achroma- 
tism, Goodness-Badness,  Health-Sickness,  Heat- 
Cold,  Novelty-Antiquity,  Remembrance-Forget- 
fulness,  River-Wind,  Teetotalism-Intemper- 
ance;  fresh  breeze,  River-Wind;  fresh  color,  Red- 
ness-Greenness; fresh  news,  Tidings-Mystery. 

fresh'-en  up.     To  revive.     Weariness-Refreshment. 

fresh'-et.     A  sudden  flood.     River-Wind. 

fresh'-man.  A  college  student  in  the  first  year  of  the 
course.     Instructor-Pupil. 

fresh'-water-sail'-or.     Unskilled.     Adept-Bungler. 

fret.  To  worry;  tetter;  ornamental  work  in  relief. 
Architecture,  Contentedness-Discontentment, 
Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Favorite-Anger, 
Jubilation-Lamentation,  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection,  Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness,  Pleas- 
ure-Pain, Sensuality-Suffering;  fret  and  fume, 
Pleasure-Pain. 

fret'-ful.     Peevish.     Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

fretta,  maggiore  . .  .  minore  atto  [It.]  (ma -  chi - o'- re" 
fret'-ta,  mi-no'-re  at'-to).  The  more  haste,  the  less 
speed.  Excitability-Inexcitability,     Hurry- 

Leisure. 

fret'-work".  Ornamental  work  composed  of  frets. 
Crossing, 

fri"-a-bil'-i-ty.     Friableness.     Friability. 

FRIABILITY. 

Efflorescence.  In  chemistry,  the  act  or  process  of  becoming  powdery, 
wholly  or  in  part. 

Friability.  The  quality  of  being  easily  crumbled,  or  reduced  to  pow- 
der. 


Pulverulence.     The  state  of  being  covered  with  fine  powder  or  dust. 
Sandiness.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  sandy.     See  Adjectives. 

Friability — Associated  Nouns. 

Bran.     The  coat  of  the  seed  of  grain  separated  from  the  flour  or  meal 

by  sifting  or  bolting. 
Cloud  of  dust.     A  mass  of  flying  dust  resembling  vapor. 
Cloud  of  sand.     A  mass  of  flying  sand. 
Cioud  of  smoke.     A  volume  of  smoke  resembling  vapor. 
Crumb.     A  small  fragment;  especially,  a  small  piece  of  bread. 
Debris  [F.].     Fragments. 
Detritus.     A  mass  of  earthy  matter  worn  off  from  solid  portions,  and 

reduced  to  small  portions. 
Dust.     Fine,  dry  particles  of  earth  or  other  matter,  wafted  by  the 

wind. 
Dust-storm.     A  great  volume  of  flying  particles  of  earth. 
Farina  [L.].     Ground  corn. 

Filings.     Particles  rubbed  off  by  the  act  of  filing. 
Fine  powder.     Anything  ground  very  fine. 
Flocculi  [L.].     Little  locks  of  wool. 
Flour.     Finely  ground  meal  of  wheat. 

Grain.     A  single  small  hard  seed ;  any  small  hard  particle. 
Grit.     Sand  or  gravel. 
Limature.     That  which  is  filed  off,  filings. 
Magistery.     A  precipitate. 
Meal.     Coarsely  ground  grain. 

Particle.     A  minute  portion  of  matter.     See  Magnitcde-Smallness. 
Powder.     The  fine  particles  to  which  any  dry  substance  is  reduced  by 

pounding,  grinding,  etc. 
Puff  of  smoke.     A  sudden  emission  of  smoke. 
Sand.     Fine  particles  of  stone. 

Sand-storm.     A  great  volume  of  sand  wafted  in  the  air. 
Sawdust.     Small  fragments  of  wood  made  by  the  cutting  of  a  saw 
Scobs.     Raspings  of  ivory,  hartshorn,  etc. 
Seed.     The  ripened  ovule  of  a  plant. 
Shingle.     A  piece  of  wood  sawed  thin  and  small,  with  one  end  thinne* 

than  the  other. 
Smoke.     The  visible  vapor  from  a  burning  substance. 
Spore.     A  minute  grain  of  flowerless  plants,  analogous  to  seed. 
Sporule.     A  small  spore. 
Volumes  of  smoke.     Great  masses  of  vapor. 

Friability — Nouns  of  Means. 

Abrasion.     The  act  of  wearing  or  rubbing  off. 
Attenuation.     The  act  or  process  of  making  slender. 


FRIABILITY. 


430 


FRICTION— LUBRICATION. 


Comminution.     The  act  of  reducing  to  a  fine  powder. 

Contusion.     The  act  or  process  of  beating,  bruising,  or  pounding 

Detrition.     The  act  or  process  of  wearing  away. 

Disintegration.     The  process  of  wearing  away  or  falling  to  pieces. 

Filing.     The  process  of  reducing  to  small  particles  with  a  file.     See 

Verbs. 
Granulation.     The  act  or  process  of  forming  into  grains. 
Levigation.     The  act  of  reducing  to  the  finest  powder 
Limation.     Filing. 

Multure.     The  portion  of  grain  taken  as  a  toll  for  grinding. 
Pulverization.     The  act  o2  reducing  to  dust. 
Subaction.     The  act  of  reducing  to  any  state. 
Trituration.     Pulverization  by  grinding,  rubbing,  etc. 

Friability — Nouns  of  Instrument. 

File.     A  steel  instrument  having  cutting  ridges  or  teeth,  used  in 

abrading  or  smoothing. 
Grater.     An  instrument  with  a  rough  indented  surface,  for  rubbing 

off  small  particles  of  any  substance. 
Grinder.     Any  instrument  for  grinding. 
Grindstone.     A  flat,  circular  stone,  revolving  on  an  axis,  for  grinding 

or  sharpening  tools. 
Kern.     A  hand  mill;  a  quern. 
Mill.     A  machine  for  grinding. 
Nutmeg-grater.     A  small  instrument  with  a  rough  indented  surface 

used  for  grating  nutmegs. 
Pestle  and  mortar.     Two  instruments,  one  for  pounding,  and  the 

other  for  holding  the  substance  to  be  reduced  to  a  powder. 
Quern.     A  mill  for  grinding  grain,  the  upper  stone  of  which  was 

turned  by  hand. 
Rasp.     A  coarse  file. 
Teeth      The  hard  bony  appendages  in  the  jaws  for  grinding  food;  ■ 

anything  resembling  the  teeth. 

Friability — Verbs. 
Abrade.     To  rub  or  wear  away. 
Attenuate.     To  pulverize  etc.     See  Diminution. 
Beat.     To  strike;  batter;  strike  repeatedly. 
Be  disintegrated.     To  be  reduced  to  fragments  or  powder. 
Be  reduced  to  powder.      To  be  ground  fine. 
Bray.     To  bruise  or  pound  with  a  pestle ;  grind  to  powder. 
Bruise.     To  pound  small ,  crush  in  a  mortar. 
Come  to  dust.    "Golden  lads  and  girls  all  must,  as  chimney  sweepers, 

come  to  dust."     [Shakespeare,  Cymbeline,  IV,  ii.fl 
Comminute.     To  reduce  to  minute  particles;  crush. 
Contund.     To  beat;  bruise  by  beating. 
Contuse.     To  bruise  by  a  blow. 
Cranch.  \  ™  , 

CraunchJTocrunch- 

Crumble.     To  cause  to  fall  into  small  pieces. 
Crunch.     To  crush  with  the  teeth,  especially  with  noise;  crush  or 

grind  audibly. 
Crush.     To  break  into  bits  by  pressure. 
Disintegrate.     To  break  into  pieces  or  particles ;  crumble. 
File.     To  pulverize  by  rubbing  or  cutting  with  a  file. 
Granulate.     To  form  into  grains;  become  granular. 
Grate.      To  wear  away  in  minute  particles  by  rubbing. 
Grind.     To  reduce  to  fine  particles  by  crushing  and  friction  or  like 

process. 
Grind  to  powder.     To  grind  fine. 
Levigate.     To  reduce  to  a  fine  powder. 


Pound.     To  break  to  pieces. 

Pulverize.      To  reduce  to  powder,  as  by  grinding,  crushing,  etc.; 

crush;  become  reduced  to  powder. 
Rasp.     To  grate  with  a  rasp ;  file  down. 
Reduce  to  powder.     To  grind. 
Rub  down.     To  reduce  or  remove  by  rubbing. 
Scranch.     To  grind  with  the  teeth  and  with  a  crackling  sound. 
Scrape.     To  scratch  with  a  hard  surface  or  edge. 
Triturate.     To  reduce  to  a  fine  powder  or  pulp. 

Friability — Adjectives. 
Arenaceous.     Made  up  of  sandy  particles. 
Arenarious.     Sandy. 

Arenose.    ,Fullof  fine  sand  or  grit;  gritty. 
Attrite.     Rubbed;  worn  by  friction. 
Branny.     Resembling  or  consisting  of  bran. 
Crumbly.     Easily  crumbled;  friable;  brittle. 
Dusty.     Filled  with  dust;  clouded  with  dust. 
Efflorescent.     Forming  into  white  threads  or  powder. 
Farinaceous.     Mealy;  consisting  of  meal. 
Flocculent.     Coalescing  in  small  flocks  or  flakes. 
Floury.     Resembling  flour;  mealy. 
Friable.     Easily  crumbled  or  pulverized. 
Furfuraceous.     Made  of  bran;  like  bran;  scurfy. 
Granular.     Consisting  of,  or  resembling  grains. 
Gritty.     Containing  sand  or  grit ;  full  'of  hard  particles. 
Impalpable.     Extremely  fine,  so  that  no  grit  can  be  perceived  by 

touch. 
In  pieces.     Broken  up. 
Mealy.     Soft,  dry,  and  friable. 
Powdery.     Easily  crumbling  to  pieces;  dusty. 
Pulverizable.     That  can  be  reduced  to  powder. 
Pulverized.     Reduced  to  powder,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Pulverulent.     Powdery;  dusty;  easily  reduced  to  powder. 
Sabulous.     Sandy,  gritty. 

Sandy.     Consisting  of,  abounding  with,  grains  of  sand. 
Shivery.     Easily  broken ;  brittle. 

fri'-a-ble.  Easily  crumbled.  Friability,  Toughness- 
Brittleness. 

friandise  [F.]  (fri-arr-diz').  Daintiness;  delicacy. 
Desire-Particularness. 

fri'-ar.  A  member  of  one  of  the  mendicant  monastic 
orders.  Ministry-Laity;  Blackfriars,  Ministry- 
Laity;  friar's-lantern,  Luminary-Shade. 

fri'-ar-y.     A  monastery  of  a  mendicant  order.     Fane. 

frib'-ble.  To  fritter;  a  trifler.  Activity-Indolence, 
Carefulness-Carelessness,  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Society-Dandy. 

fric"-as-see'.  A  dish  of  meat  cut  into  small  pieces, 
stewed  or  fried,  and  served  with  gravy.  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion. 

fri-ca'-tion.     Friction.     Friction-Lubrication. 

fric'-tion.  The  rubbing  together  of  two  bodies;  resist- 
ance to  motion  due  to  the  contact  of  surfaces.  Co- 
operation -  Opposition,  Friction  -  Lubrication, 
Might-Impotence;  on  friction  wheels,  Difficulty- 
Facility. 


FRICTION— LUBRICATION. 


Abrasion.     Wearing  away  by  friction. 

Affliction.     Rubbing  together  of  two  bodies. 

Arrosion.     A  gnawing  at. 

Attrition.     Wearing  down  by  friction. 

Confiscation.     Rubbing  together. 

Contrition.     Grinding  to  powder. 

Elbow-grease.     Continuous  arm  labor,  as  rubbing;  energy. 

Frication.     Friction;  rubbing. 

Limature.     Act  of  filing  or  polishing. 

Rub.     Act  of  passing  one  surface  over  anothei  with  friction  and 

pressure. 
Rubbing.     Friction  with  pressure.     See  Verbs. 

Friction — Noun  of  Agent. 
Rosin.     Substance  put  on  gliding  surfaces  to  cause  friction. 

Friction — Verbs. 
Curry.     To  clean  by  rubbing  with  a  currycomb. 
File.     To  wear  off  with  a  file. 
Fray.     To  break  the  surface  or  margin. 


Anointment.     The  state  of  pouring  oil  upon. 
Lubricant.     A  substance  used  to  diminish  friction. 

T    h  'fi     t'    "    \  ^c*  °^  ma^m8  slippery  or  smooth. 

Oiling.     Act  of  lubricating  with  oil.     See  Verbs. 

Smoothness.     See  Smoothness. 

TJnctuousness.     Quality  of  being  oily  to  the  touch.     See  Pulpiness. 

OlLINBSS. 

Lubrication — Means. 
Glycerine.     An  oily,  viscous  liquid,  used  as  a  lubricant. 
Lather.     Foam  made  by  soap  moistened  with  water. 
Oil,  etc.     One  of  a  great  variety  of  unctuous  combustible  substances, 

not  miscible  with  water.     See  Pulpiness-Oiuness.     [Olive-oil.] 
Saliva.     A  fluid  secreted  in  the  glands  of  the  mouth,  for  moistening 

the  food. 
Synovia.     A  fluid  secreted  by  the  membranes  about  the  joints  of  th* 

body. 

Lubrication — Verbs. 

Grease.     To  smear  with  fat. 


FRICTION— LUBRICATION. 


431 


FRIGID. 


FRICTION— LUBRICATION— Continued. 


FRICTION— Verbs—  Continued. 

Gnaw.     To  eat  away  little  by  little. 
Graze.     To  rub  lightly  in  passing. 
Grind.     To  give  shape  to  by  abrasion. 
Polish.     To  make  smooth  or  bright  by  friction. 
Rasp.     To  scrape  with  a  rasp. 
Rosin.     To  make  rough  or  sticky  with  rosin. 
Rub.     To  pass  over  the  surface  with  friction  and  pressure. 
Rub  out.     To  erase. 

Scour.     To  cleanse  by  rubbing  an  abrasive  substance. 
Scrape.     To  rub  the  surface  with  a  hard  edge. 
Scratch.     To  mark  or  tear  the  surface. 
Scrub.     To  cleanse  by  rubbing  with  an  instrument. 
Set  one's  teeth  on  edge.     To  feel  a  nervous  shock  on  hearing  the 
noise  of  friction. 

friend.     One  who  entertains  regard  for  another  and 
takes  active  interest  in  his  welfare.     Antagonist- 


LUBRICATION— Verbs— Continued. 
f  To  cover  with  suds. 


Lather. 
Lubricate.. 

Lubricitate.     To  supply  moving  parts  of  machinery  withojl. 

Oil.     To  cover  with  oil. 

Soap.     To  rub  or  cover  with  soap. 

Wax.     To  make  smooth  with  wax. 


Lubricated. 


Anatriptic. 


Lubrication — Adjective. 
See  Verbs. 


"FRICTION— Continued. 

Friction — Adjective. 
Pertaining  to  rubbing  as  a  remedy  for  disease. 


Assistant,   Friend-Foe;    be  friends,   Amity-Hos- 
tility; next  friend,  Representative. 


FRIEND— FOE. 


Acquaintance.     A  person  well  known. 

Advocate.     One  called  to  plead  another's  cause. 

Ally.     Associate  in  national  or  military  affairs. 

Alter  ego  [L.].     Another  self. 

Amicus  usque  ad  aras  [L.].     A  friend  to  the  last  extremity. 

Amphitryon.     A  host  at  dinner.     [From  Moliere.j 

Arcades  ambo  [L.].     Arcadians  both. 

Associate.     Habitual  companion. 


Bedfellow.  1 
e.    t 


Bedmate.    j  A  sleeping  companion. 

Boniface.     An  innkeeper. 

Boon-companion.     Jovial  or  merry  companion. 

Bosom  friend.     Very  intimate  friend. 

Camarade  [F.].     Comrade. 

Chum.     A  room-mate,  as  at  college;  an  intimate  associate. 

Classman.     One  of  a  class  in  college. 

Classmate.     Member  of  the  same  class. 

Companion.     A  person  frequently  with  another. 

Compatriot.     Patriot  of  the  same  country. 

Compeer.     One  of  equal  rank;  an  associate. 

Comrade.     An  intimate  companion. 

Confidante  [F.].     One  to  whom  secrets  are  entrusted. 

Confrere  [F.].     A  professional,  political,  or  scientific  associate. 

Co-partner.     One  jointly  associated  in  business. 

Countryman.     Citizen  of  the  same  country. 

Crony.     A  familiar  friend. 

Fast  friend.     A  constant  friend. 

Fautor.     A  patron ;  a  favorer. 

Favorer.     One  who  assists  or  promotes  success. 

Feliow  companion.     A  close  friend. 

Fellow  countryman.     A  person  from  the  same  country. 

Fidus  Achates  [L.].     A  true  friend.   [Virgil,  Mneid\ 

Friend.     One  attached  to  another  by  affection,  esteem,  or  respect. 

Friend  in  need.     A  friend  to  the  last  extremity. 

Friend  of  one's  bosom.     A  most  intimate  friend. 

Good  genius.     Good  tutelary  deity. 

Guest.      One  entertained  in  the  house  of  another. 

Host.     One  who  entertains  another. 

Maid  of  honor.     Lady  of  hip;h  birth  in  attendance  upon  a  queen. 

Mate.      One  who  customarily  associates  with  another. 

Messmate.     One  who  eats  at  same  table. 

Neighbor.     A  person  who  lives  near  one. 

Old  crony.     A  companion  of  long  standing. 

Pal.     A  confederate. 


Back  friend.     Secret  enemy. 

Bitter  enemy.     A  very  hostile  enemy. 

Enemy.     One  who  hates,  and  wishes  injury;  no  lover. 

Enemy  to  society.     One  who  is  a  harm  to  good  government  and 

morals. 
Foe.     A  deadly  enemy;  one  hated. 
Foeman.     An  enemy  in  war. 

Open  enemy.  One  who  does  not  conceal  his  enmity. 
Opponent.  One  who  opposes  in  debate  or  argument. 
Public  enemy.     An  enemy  to  the  community  or  state. 

Foe — Phrase. 
Every  hand  being  against  one.     Being  opposed  on  all  sides. 


FRIEND— Continued. 

Par  nobile  fratrum  [L.].     Two  just  alike;   literally,  a  noble  pair  of 

brothers. 
Partizan.     One  of  the  same  party  or  faction. 
Partner.     An  associate  in  business. 
Patron.     One  who  protects,  supports,  or  lends  aid. 
Playfellow.  1  «  .     , 

Playmate.     I  ComPamon  **  PlaV- 
Pot-companion.     A  drinking  associate. 
Protege"  [F.].     One  under  the  protection  of  another. 
Schoolfellow.     An  associate  at  school. 
Shipmate.     One  who  shipped  on  the  same  ship. 
Shopmate.     One  who  worked  in  the  same  shop. 
Sympathizer.     One  who  sympathizes  with  you  or  your  cause. 
Tutelary  saint.     A  guardian  saint. 
Visitor.     One  who  comes  to  see  another  in  friendship. 
Well-wisher.     One  friendly  inclined. 

Friend — Denotations. 

Castor  and  Pollux.     The  twin  sons  of  Jupiter  and  Leda. 
Damon  and  Pythias.     Legendary  friends  of  Syracuse. 
Maecenas.     The  friend  and  patron  of  Horace,  the  Roman  poet. 
Nisus  and  Euryalus.     A  famous  pair  of  friends  in  Virgil's  Aineid. 
Pylades  and  Orestes.     Two  faithful  friends  in  a  tragedy  by  Euripides. 

Friend — Phrase. 
Amici    probantur  rebus  adversis  [L.].      Friends  are  tested  by  ad* 


friend'-less.  Having  no  friends.  Sociability-Pri- 
vacy. 

friend'-li-ness.  The  condition  or  quality  of  being 
friendly.     Amity-Hostility. 

friend'-ly.  Befitting  friendship.  Amity-Hostility, 
Charitableness  -  Malevolence,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Variance-Accord. 

friend'-ship.  Mutual  regard  cherished  by  kindred 
minds.  Amity  -  Hostility,         Charitableness- 

Malevolence. 

frieze.  The  middle  division  of' an  entablature.  Top- 
Bottom. 


frig'-ate.     An  old-style  war-vessel.     Belligerent. 

fright.  Sudden  and  violent  alarm;  a  game  of  cards. 
Entertainment-Weariness,  Sanguineness-Timi.o- 
jty. 

fright'-en.  To  disturb  with  fear.  Sanguineness- 
Timidity. 

fright'-ened.  Disturbed  with  fear.  Bravery-Cow- 
ardice, Sanguineness-Timidity.  ■ 

fright'-ful-ly.     Terribly.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

frig'-id.  Cold;  lacking  in  warmth  of  feeling.  Force- 
Weakness,  Heat-Cold,  Sensitiveness-Apathy, 
Unconcern. 


FRIGIDARIUM. 


432 


FRY. 


frig"-i-da'-ri-um.  A  room  kept  at  a  low  temperature  to 
preserve  fruits,  etc.     Oven-Refrigerator. 

fri-gid'-i-ty.  Coldness.  Heat-Cold,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

frig"-o-rif' ic.     Producing  cold.     Heating-Cooling. 

frill.     A  flounce;  a  raffle.     Border,  Circle-Winding. 

fringe.  An  ornamental  border  or  trimming  of  pendant 
cords,  threads,  etc.  Border,  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement, Gull -Hyperbole,  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

fringed.     Bordered.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

frip'-per-y.  Worthless  things.  Consequence -Insig- 
nificance, Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Pomp, 
Society-Ludicrousness,  Taste- Vulgarity. 

frisk.  To  leap  about  playfully.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Spring- Dive,  Traveling-Navigation. 

frisk'y.  Lively  in  action.  Activity -Indolence, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

frith.  An  arm  of  the  sea;  a  forest.  Fauna-Flora, 
Gulf-Plain,  Interspace-Contact. 

frit'-i-nan-cy.  A  chirping  or  creaking.  Cry-Ulula- 
tion. 

frit'-ter.  To  waste  little  by  little.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness;  fritter  away,  Increase-Decrease,  Provi- 
sion-Waste; fritter  away  time,  Activity-Indolence. 

fri-vol'-i-ty.  Trifiingness.  Consequence -Insignifi- 
cance, Sagacity-Incapacity. 

friv'-o-lous.  Lacking  in  seriousness.  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Persistence- Whim,  Ratioci- 
nation-Instinct, Sagacity-Incapacity. 

frizz.  To  give  a  crinkled  appearance  to.  Circle-Wind- 
ing, Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Plicature. 

friz'-zle.  To  curl  or  crisp.  Circle-Winding,  Curva- 
tion-Rectilinearity, Plicature. 

friz'-zy.     Curled  or  crisped.     Circle-Winding. 

frock.  A  gown;  a  monk's  robe.  Dress-Undress, 
Vestments;  frock  coat,  Dress-Undress. 

frog.  A  small,  tailless,  amphibious,  web-footed  ani- 
mal; an  ornamental  spindle-shaped  button  with  a 
loop.  Embellishment -Disfigurement,  Spring- 
Dive. 

frol'-ic.     Sport.     Entertainment -Weariness. 

frol'-ic-some.  Playful.  Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

from.  A  word  indicating  removal,  separation,  source. 
Motive-Caprice;  from  day  to  day,  Duration-Nev- 
erness,  Periodicity-Irregularity;  from  end  to 
end,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Length-Shortness; 
from  nature,  Nature-Art;  from  that  time,  Antece- 
dence-Sequence; from  this  cause,  Rationale-Luck; 
from  time  immemorial,  Future-Past;  from  time  to 
time,  Frequency-Rarity. 

fronder  [F.]  (fron'-de').  To  carp  at.  Approval-Dis- 
approval. 

ft ondeur  [F.]  (fron'-dur').  A  faultfinder.  Flatterer- 
Defamer,  Insubordination-Obedience. 

front.  The  foremost  part  of  anything;  false  hair  on  the 
fore  part  of  the  head;  effrontery.  Anteriority- 
Posteriority,  Dress-Undress,  Presumption-Ob- 
sequiousness, Reprisal-Resistance;  bring  to  the 
front,  Manifestation-Latency;  come  to  the  front, 
Anteriority  -  Posteriority,  Consequence  -  Insig- 
nificance, Reputation-Discredit,  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming;  front  danger,  Bravery-Cowardice; 
front  of  the  house,  Acting;  front  rank,  Anteriority- 
Posteriority;  front  to  front,  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence; in  front,  Anteriority-Posteriority,  Lead- 
ing-Following; in  the  front  rank,  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Reputation-Discredit;  present  a 
front,  Reprisal-Resistance. 

front  a  front  [F.]  (fron't  a  fron).  Front  to  front. 
Anteriority-Posteriority. 

front'-age.  Linear  extent  of  front.  Anteriority- 
Posteriority. 


fron'-tal.     Pertaining  to  the  front.    Anatomy,  Anteri. 

ORITY-POSTERIORITY,  OuTSIDE-InSIDE. 

fron"-tier'.  The  border.  Boundary,  Interspace- 
Contact. 

front'-ing.     Facing.     Laterality-Contraposition. 

fronti  nulla  fides  [L.]  (fron'-tai  nul'-la  fai'-diz). 
There  is  no  trusting  to  appearances.  Faith-Misgiv- 
ing, Truthfulness-Fraud. 

fron'-tis-piece".  An  illustration  in  the  front  of  a  bock. 
Anteriority-Posteriority,  Predecessor-Contin- 
uation. 

frost.  Minute  crystals  of  ice  formed  from  atmospheric 
water-vapor.     Heat-Cold. 

frost'-y.  Attended  with  or  producing  frost.  Heat-Cold. 

froth.  Bubbles;  unsubstantial  matter.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Vis- 
cidity-Foam; froth  up,  Favorite-Anger. 

froth'-y.  Foamy;  not  firm;  pretentious.  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Determination-Vacilla- 
tion, Simplicity-Floridness,  Terseness-Prolix- 
ity, Viscidity-Foam. 

frounce.     A  flounce.     Plicature. 

fro'-ward.     Perverse.     Favorite-Moroseness. 

frown.  To  rebuke  by  look  or  word  with  manifest  dis- 
pleasure; to  scowl.  Approval-Disapproval,  Fav- 
orite-Anger, Favorite-Moroseness,  Pleasura- 
bleness-Painfulness, Pleasure-Pain,  Politeness- 
Impoliteness;  frown  down,  Approval -Disap- 
proval, Selfrespect- Humbleness;  frowns  of 
fortune,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

frown'-ing.  Looking  stern.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection. 

frow'-zy.     Unkempt.     Perfume-Stench. 

fro'-zen.  Solidified,  benumbed  or  killed  by  cold. 
Heat-Cold,  Heating-Cooling. 

fruc"-ti-fi-ca'-tion.  Fecundation.  Cri;ation-Destruc- 
tion,  Fertility-Sterility. 

fruc'-ti-fy.  To  render  fruitful.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Creation-Destruction,  Fertility-Ster- 
ility, Welfare-Misfortune. 

fru'-gal.  Exercising  economy.  Generosity -Fru- 
gality, Moderation-Selfindulgence. 

fru-gal'-i-ty.  Prudent  economy.  Generosity-Fru 
gality,  Moderation-Selfindulgence. 

fruges  consumere  natus  [L.]  (fru'-jiz  con-sium'-cr-l 
ne'-tus).  Born  only  to  eat.  Activity-Indolence, 
Gentility-Democracy,    Usefulness-Uselessness. 

fru-gif'-er-ous.     Fruitful.     Fertility-Sterility. 

fruit.  Any  vegetable  product  used  as  food;  any  re- 
sult or  effect.  Cause-Effect,  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Gain-Loss;  forbidden  fruit,  Motive-Caprice; 
fruit-tree,   Fauna-Flora;    reap  the  fruits,   Recom- 

PENSE-PUNITION,  SuCCESS-FAILURE. 

fruit'-ful.  Producing  abundant  results.  Fertility- 
Sterility1. 

fru-i'-tion.     The  bearing  of  fruit.     Pleasure-Pain. 

fruit'-less.  Barren.  Fertility-Sterility,  Success- 
Failure,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

frump.  A  frowzyish,  ill-tempered  woman.  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness, Taste-Vulgarity. 

frump'-ish.     Ill-tempered.     Favorite-Moroseness. 

frus'-trate.     To  baffle.     Success*Failure. 

frus-tra'-tion.     Disappointment.     Success-Failure. 

frus'-tum.  That  which  is  left  of  a  solid  after  cutting 
off  the  upper  part  by  a  plane  parallel  to  the  base. 
Whole-Part. 

fratti,  i .  .  .  proibiii  sono  i  piu  dolci  [It.]  (i  frut'-ti  pro- 
i-bi'-ti  so'-no  i  pi'u  dol'-chi) .  The  forbidden  fruits  are 
sweetest.     Desire-Distaste,  Virtue-Vice. 

fry.  To  cook  in  grease;  a  multitude  or  quantity  of 
persons  or  objects  of  small  importance.  Heating- 
Cooling,  Infant-Veteran,  Multiplicity-Paucity; 
small  fry,  Consequence -Insignificance,  Gen- 
tility-Democracy. 


FRYING-PAN. 


433 


FUNCTIONAL. 


fry'-ing-pan".  A  shallow  pan  for  frying  food.  Heat- 
ing-Cooling; out  of  the  frying-pan  into  the  fire, 
Alleviation-Aggravation,  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Skill-Unskilfulness,  Success-Failure, 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

fuch'-sin.  A  crystalline  coal-tar  product.  Redness- 
Greenness. 

fud'-dle.     To  drink  to  excess.     Teetotalism-Intem- 

PERANCE. 

fud'-dled.     Stupid  with  drink.     Teetotalism-Intem- 

PERANCE. 

fudge.  Humbug;  an  interjection  of  contempt.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Meaning-Jargon. 

fu'-el.  Combustible  material  used  to  feed  a  fire.  Com- 
bustible, Materials;  add  fuel-to  the  flame,  Allevia- 
tion-Aggravation, Favorite-Anger,  Heat-Cold, 
Increase-Decrease. 

fugaces  labuntur  anni  [L.]  (fiu-ge'-siz  la-bun'-tur  an'- 
nai).  The  fleeting  years  glide  by.  Lastingness- 
Transientness,  Period-Progress. 

fu-ga'-cious.      Transitory.      Lastingness-Transient- 

NESS. 

fu-gac'-i-ty.      Instability.      Lastingness-Transient- 

NESS. 

fu'-gi-tive.  Escaping;  evanescent.  Lastingness- 
Transientness,  Quest-Evasion,  Wayfarer-Sea- 
farer; fugitive  writings,  Digest. 

fu'-gle-man.  A  file-leader;  one  who  sets  an  example. 
Copy-Model,  Manager. 

fugue.  A  musical  composition  in  which  the  theme  is 
repeated  in  the  several  parts.     Music. 

ful'-ci-ment.     A  fulcrum.     Suspension-Support. 

ful'-crum.  The  support  on  or  against  which  a  lever 
rests.     Suspension-Support. 

ful-fll'.  To  complete  the  time,  course,  or  purport  of. 
Completion-Noncompletion,  Observance-Nonob- 
servance;  fulfil  a  duty,  Duty-Dereliction;  fulfil  an 
obligation,  Observance-Nonobservance. 

ful-fil'-ment.  Accomplishment.  Completion-Non- 
completion, Duty- Dereliction,  Observance- 
Nonobservance. 

ful'-gent.  Beaming  or  shining  brightly.  Light-Dark- 
ness. 

iul'-gid.     Shining.     Light-Darkness. 

ful-gid'-i-ty.     Splendor.     Light-Darkness. 

ful'-gor.     Dazzling  brightness.     Light-Darkness. 

f u-lig'-i-nous .  Like  soot;  dark,  as  if  shrouded  in  smoke. 
Dimness,  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness,  Whiteness- 
Blackness. 

full.  Having  no  empty  or  vacant  space;  abounding 
in  something;  complete;  filled  with  food  or  drink;  to 
scour.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Enough,  Entirety- 
Deficiency,  Greatness-Littleness,  Loudness- 
Faintnzss,  Magnitude-Smallness;  full  age,  Man- 
hood; full  bloom,  Beauty-Ugliness,  Health-Sick- 
ness; full-blown,  Enlargement-Diminution,  Repu- 
tation-Discredit; full-colored,  Color-Achroma- 
tism; full  cry,  Cry-Ululation,  Loudness-Faint- 
ness,  Quest-Evasion;  full-dress,  Dress -Undress, 
Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Pomp,  Society- 
Ludicrousness;  full  drive,  Hurry -Leisure, 
Swiftness-Slowness;  full  feather,  Affluence- 
Penury,  Preparation-Nonpreparation;  full  force, 
Strength-Weakness;  full  gallop,  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness; full  heart,  Affections;  full  many,  Multi- 
plicity-Paucity; full  measure,  Enough;  full  of 
business,  Activity-Indolence;  full  of  incident,  Oc- 
currence-Destiny; full  of  meaning,  Meaning- 
Jargon;  full  of  people,  Presence-Absence;  full  of 
point,  Force-Weakness,  Wittiness-Dulness;  full 
of  sound  and  fury,  etc.,  Meaning-Jargon,  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness; full  of  whims,  Persistence- 
Whim;  full  play,  Difficulty-Facility,  Liberty- 
Subjection;  full  scope,  Liberty-Subjection;  full 
28 


score,  Music;  full  size,  Greatness-Littleness;  full 
speed,  Swiftness-Slowness;  full  stop,  Discon- 
tinuance-Continuance, Movement -Rest;  full 
swing,  Activity-Indolence,  Difficulty-Facility, 
Liberty-Subjection,  Strength-Weakness,  Suc- 
cess-Failure; full  tide,  River-Wind;  full  tilt,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Hurry-Leisure;  full  view,  Visi- 
bility-Invisibility. 
full'-fed".      Fed   to   the   full.      Moderation-Selfin- 

DULGENCE. 

full'-fla"-vored.    Of  strong  flavor.    Pungency. 

full'-grown".  Having  the  completed  growth;  adult. 
Greatness-Littleness,  Manhood. 

full'-hand"-ed.  Liberal.  Extravagance-Avarice, 
Generosity-Frugality. 

full'-length".     Entire  length;  life  size.     Painting. 

full'-mouthed".  With  wide  open  mouth.  Cry-Ulu- 
lation. 

full'-toned".     Rich  in  tone.     Melody-Dissonance. 

ful'-ly.  Entirely.  Entirety-Deficiency,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness. 

fulmen,  eripuit  ccslo  .  .  .  ,  sceplrumque  tyrannis  [L.] 
(i-rip'-yu-it  si'-lo  ful'-mcn,  sep-trum'-qui  tir-ran'- 
nis) .  He  snatched  from  heaven  the  thunderbolt  and 
the  scepter  from  tyrants.     Might-Impotence. 

ful'-min-ate.  To  explode;  to  utter  a  threat;  to  detonate. 
Charitableness-Curse,  Charitableness-Menace, 
Loudness-Faintness,  Pusii-Pull,  Turbulence- 
Calmness;  fulminate  against,  Approval-Disap- 
proval. 

ful"-mi-na'-tion.  The  act  of  fulminating.  Chari- 
tableness-Curse, Charitableness-Menace. 

ful'-ness.  Completeness;  abundance.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Enough,  Entirety -Deficiency, 
Greatness-Littleness,  Loudness-Faintness,  Mag- 
nitude-Smallness; fulness  of  heart,  Emotion;  in 
the  fulness  of  time,  Period-Progress. 

ful'-some.  Offensive  from  excess  of  praise;  indelicate. 
Adulation  -  Disparagement,  Desire  -  Distaste, 
Goodness-Badness,  Palatableness-Unpalatable- 
ness,  Perfume-Stench,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Purity-Impurity. 

ful'-vid.     Reddish-yellow.     Yellowness-Purple. 

ful'-vous.     Reddish-yellow.    Yellowness-Purple. 

fum'-ble.  To  handle  clumsily.  Organization-Disor- 
ganization, Skill-Unskilfulness,  Touch,  Trial. 

fum'-bler.    One  who  fumbles.    Adept-Bungler. 

fume.  Vapor;  rage.  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Excitation,  Favorite-Anger,  Heat-Cold,  Lique- 
faction-Volatilization, Liquid-Gas,  Odor-In- 
odorousness,  Turbulence-Calmness;  fumes  of 
fancy,  Fancy,  Favorite-Anger;  in  a  fume,  Con- 
tentedness-Discontentment. 

fu'-mid.     Smoky.     Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

fu'-mi-gate.  To  expose  to  the  action  of  fumes  or  smoke. 
Cleanness-Filthiness,  Liquefaction-Volatiliza- 
tion. 

fu"-mi-ga'-tion.  The  act  of  fumigating.  Liquefac- 
tion-Volatilization. 

fu'-ming.     Raging.     Excitation,  Favorite-Anger. 

fumo,  dare  pondus  [L.]  (fiu'-mo,  de'-ri  pon'-dus).  To 
give  importance  to  trifles.  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment. 

fun.  That  which  excites  merriment.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Wittiness-Dulness;  make  fun  of,  So- 
ciety-Derision, Wittiness-Dulness. 

fu-nam'-bu-list.  A  tight-  or  slack-rope  performer. 
Adept-Bungler. 

func'-tion.  Any  specific  power  of  acting  or  operating 
that  belongs  to  an  agent;  a  quantity  whose  value  is 
dependent  on  the  value  of  some  other  quantity. 
Agency,  Biology,  Duty-Dereliction,  Number, 
Occupation,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

func'-tion-al.    Pertaining  to  functions.    Occupation. 


FUNCTIONARY. 


434 


FUTURE. 


func'-tion-a-ry.    An  official.    Consignee,  Manager. 

functus  officio  [L.]  (func'-tus  of-fish'-i-o).  Out  of  office. 
Commission-Abrogation. 

fund.  A  sum  of  money.  Store;  sinking fund.TREASURY. 

f un"-da-men'-tal .  Relating  to  or  constituting  a  founda- 
tion; essential.  Subjectiveness-Objectiveness, 
Suspension-Support,  Top-Bottom;  fundamental 
bass,  Melody-Dissonance;  fundamental  tone,  Mel- 
od\ -Dissonance. 

fun"-da-men'-tal-ly.  Primarily.  Greatness-Small- 
ness. 

funds.  Money.  Money;  in  funds,  Affluence-Pen- 
ury; public  funds,  Treasury. 

fu-ne'-bri-al.     Funereal.     Life-Funeral. 

fu'-ner-al.  The  formal  conveyance  of  a  dead  person 
to  the  grave.  Life-Funeral;  funeral  pace,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness. 

fu-ne'-re-al.  Mournful;  pertaining  to  a  funeral.  Life- 
Funeral,  Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

fun'-gi-form.  Having  a  termination  similar  to  the 
head  of  a  fungus.     Roundness. 

fun-gol'-o-gy.  The  science  or  study  of  fungi.  Zoology- 
Botany. 

fun-gos'-i-ty.  A  fungous  growth.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity. 

fun'-gus.  A  cryptogamous  plant  deriving  nourishment 
from  organic  compounds.  Convexity-Concavity, 
Fauna-Flora,  Perfume-Stench,  Remedy-Bane. 

fu'-ni-cle.    A  small  cord.    Lamina-Fiber. 

fu-nic'-u-lar.  Consisting  of  a  small  cord  or  fiber. 
Lamina-Fiber. 

funk.  To  frighten.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Sanguine- 
ness-Timidity. 

fun'-nel.  *A  tunnel;  a  chimney.  Aperture-Closure, 
Watercourse-Airpipe. 

f un'-nel-shaped" .  Having  the  form  of  a  funnel;  coni- 
cal.    Convexity-Concavity. 

fun'-ny.  Comical;  a  long,  light  rowboat.  Convey- 
ance-Vessel, Society-Ludicrousness,  Wittiness- 

DULNESS. 

fur.  The  hairy  covering  of  many  mammals ;  to  remove 
scale  from.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Cover-Lining, 
Heating-Cooling,  Smoothness-Roughness. 

fu-ra'-cious.     Thievish.     Theft. 

fur'-be-low.    A  plaited  or  puckered  flounce.     Border. 

fur'-bish.  To  brighten  by  rubbing.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Embellishment-Disfigurement, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

fur'-cated.     Forked.     Angularity. 

fur'-fur.    A  dandruff.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

fur"-fur-a'-ceous.  Of  the  nature  of  bran  or  scurf. 
Friability. 

Fu'-ries.  The  Fates.  Benefactor-Evildoer,  Favo- 
rite-Anger. 

fu'-ri-ous.  Raging.  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Favorite-Anger,  Hurry-Leisure,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

fu'-ri-ous-ly.    Violently.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

furl.  To  gather  in  a  roll  and  secure  to  something. 
Revolution-Evolution. 

fur'-long.  One-eighth  of  a  mile.  Length-Shortness, 
Measure. 

fur'-lough.  Leave  of  absence  granted  to  a  soldier  or 
sailor.     Leave-Prohibition. 

fur'-nace.  A  structure  or  apparatus  containing  a 
chamber  for  heating.  Heating-Cooling,  Oven- 
Refrigerator,  Workshop;  like  a  furnace,  Heat- 
Cold;  sighing  like  a  furnace,  Blandishment,  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation. 

fur'-nish.  To  equip.  Giving-Receiving,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation, Provision-Waste;  furnish 
a  handle,  Justification-Charge,  Pretext;  furnish 
aid,  Obstruction-Help;  furnish  its  quota,  Giving- 
Receiving. 


fur'-ni-ture.  Equipment ;  household  articles.  Instru- 
ment. 

fu'-ror.  Rage;  excitement.  Affections,  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Emotion,  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Saneness-Lunacy. 

furor,  ira  .  .  .  brevis  est  [L.]  (ui'-ra  fiu'-ror  bri'-vis  est). 
Anger  is  a  brief  madness.  Favorite-Anger,  Sane- 
ness-Lunacy. 

furor  arma  ministrat  [L.]  (fiu'-ror  ar'-ma  min-is'-trat). 
Rage  supplies  arms.     Turbulence-Calmness. 

furor  loquendi  [L.]  (fiu'-ror  lo-quen'-dai) .  Rage  for 
speaking.    Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

furor  poeticus  [L.]  (fiu'-ror  po-et'-i-cus) .  Poetic  rage. 
Poetry-Prose. 

furor  scribendi  [L.]  (fiu'-ror  scri-ben'-dai) .  Rage  for 
writing.    Account,  Missive-Publication. 

fu'-rore.    Furor. 

fur'-row.  Any  long  depression  in  the  earth.  Groove, 
Interspace-Contact. 

fur'-rowed.     Grooved.     Groove. 

Furst  ist  dcr  erste  Diener  seines  Staats,  der  [G.]  (fiirst 
ist  der  erst-e  di'-ner  sai'-nes  stats,  der) .  The  prince 
is  the  first  servant  of  his  state.  Chief-Under- 
ling. 

fur'-ther.  To  help;  more  remotely;  in  addition.  Addi- 
tion-Subtraction, Obstruction-Help,  Remote- 
less-Nearness;  go  further  and  fare  worse,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Skill-Unskilfulness;  not 
let  it  go  further,  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

fur'-ther-more".     Besides.    Addition-Subtraction. 

fur'-tive.  Stealthy;  gained  by  theft.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Keeping-Relinquishment. 

f  u'-run"-cle .     Aboil.     Convexity-Concavity. 

fu'-ry.  Frenzy.  Brawler,  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility, Favorite-Anger,  Favorite-Quarrelsome- 
ness, Jove-Fiend,  Turbulence-Violence. 

furze.  A  spiny  shrub  having  many  branches  and  a 
yellow  flower.     Fauna-Flora. 

fus'-cous.    Grayish-brown.     Sight-Dimsightedness. 

fuse.  To  melt;  to  unite  or  blend  by  melting;  cord  or 
tube  which  fires  gun,  blast,  bomb,  mine,  etc.  Com- 
bustible, Composition  -  Resolution  Heating- 
Cooling. 

fu-see'.     A  fuse.     Combustible. 

fu'-si-form.  Tapering  from  the  middle  toward  the  end. 
Angularity,  Sharpness-Bluntness. 

fu'-sil.    A  flint-lock  musket.    Weapon. 

fu"-si-lade'.  A  simultaneous  discharge  of  firearms. 
Attack-Defense,  Life-Killing. 

f u"-si-leer' .    An  infantryman.     Belligerent. 

fu'-sion.  Melting;  coalescence.  Antagonism-Con- 
currence, Composition-Resolution,  Heating- 
Cooling. 

fuss.  To  trouble  with  trifles.  Activity-Indolence, 
Agitation,  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Hurry- 
Leisure,  Pomp;  make  a  fuss  about,  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Consequence-Insignificance,  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation. 

fus'-sy.  Making  a  great  ado  about  small  matters. 
Activity-Indolence,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Ex- 
■   citability-Inexcitability,  Hurry-Leisure. 

fus'-tian.  Bombast.  Adage-Nonsense,  Meaning- 
Jargon,  Purity-Crudeness,  Simplicity-Florid- 
ness. 

fus'-ti-gate.    To  cudgel.     Exculpation-Punition. 

fus"-ti-ga'-tion.     Cudgeling.     Recompense-Punition. 

fust'-y.  Musty.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Perfume- 
Stench. 

fu'-tile.    Of  no  avail.    Usefulness-Uselessness. 

fu-til'-i-ty.      Uselessness.      Usefulness-Uselessness. 

fu'-ture.  The  time  yet  to  come.  Antecedence- 
Sequence,  Future-Past;  eye  to  the  future,  Pre- 
vision; future  possession,  Holding-Exemption; 
future  state,  Heaven-Hell,  Occurrence-Destiny. 


FUTURE. 


435 


PAST. 


FUTURE— PAST. 


After -age, -ages, -days,  -hours,  -life, -time, -years.     Time  to  come. 

Approaching -age, -ages, -days, -hours,  -life, -time, -years.  The  future. 

Approach  of  time.     Thi  coming  of  time. 

Coming  -age,  -ages,  -days,  -hours,  -life,  -time,  -years.     The  future. 

Destiny.     Future  condition  appointed  by  divine  will. 

Eventuality.     Character  of  happening  contingently. 

Foresight.     See  Prevision. 

Future.     The  time  yet  to  come. 

Futurition.     Actualization  in  the  future  of  something  proposed  or 

prophesied. 
Futurity.     State  or  quality  of  being  yet  to  come. 
A  future  state  or  existence. 
First  day  after  the  present;  the  future. 
What  the  future  seems  to  hold,  in  store.     See  Expecta- 


I  drawing  on.j^j 
:  to  come.        > 


*'There  are  many  events  in 
delivered."     [Shakespeare 


Hereafter. 

Morrow. 

Prospect. 

TION.  * 

Remote  future.     Distant  future. 

Tempi  passati  [It.].     Times  gone  by. 

Time  < 

Time  to  come. 

Womb  of  time.  Great  extent  of  time, 
the  womb  of  time,  which  will  be 
Otliello,  I,  iii,  364  ] 

Future — Associated  Nouns. 

Advent.     The  second  coming  of  Christ. 

Crack  of  doom.     The  end  of  time. 

Day  of  judgment.    The  general  judgment  day  at  the  end  of  the  world. 

Doomsday.     The  day  of  judgment;  dies  tree. 

Heirs.     Those  who  are  entitled  to  succeed  to  the  possessions  of 
another  after  his  death. 

Heritage.     That  wliich  passes  from  heir  to  heir. 

Millennium.     The  thousand  years  of  Revelation,  during  which  holi- 
ness shall  rule  in  the  world.  . 

Posterity.     Offspring  to  the  furthest  generation. 

Future — Verbs. 
Anticipate.     See  Expectation. 
Approach.     To  come  near. 
Await.     To  look  forward  to  as  a  certainty 
Come  on.      1 
Draw  near.  >  Approach. 
Draw  on.      J 

Forestall.     To  anticipate  and  hinder. 
Impend.     To  hang  over  threateningly. 
Look  forwards.     Anticipate. 
Threaten.     To  be  indicative  of  harm  or  evil. 

Future — Adjectives. 
Close  at  hand.     Near. 
Coming.      Approaching. 

Eventual.     Happening  as  a  final  or  remote  consequence. 
Future.     That  is  to  be  or  come  hereafter. 
In  prospect.     Likely  to  happen. 

Hear  at  hand.}  Approaching. 
Next.     The  one  following. 
To  come.     Of  the  future. 
Ulterior.     Later  in  time. 

Future — Adverbs. 
About  to.     Going  to  immediately. 
After  a  time. 
After  a  while. 
Close  upon.     Soon  after. 
Eventually.     As  a  final  consequence. 
From  this  time.  \ 

Henceforth.        V  Beginning  at  this  time. 
Henceforwards. ) 
Hereafter.       I  T    ^. 
In  after  time.  f  In  time  to  come. 

In  future.     Hereafter. 

In  the  course  of  time.  \  .  ,.         ~  .     .  ,  t  .. 

t    *u    *  1  en         i  After  sufficient  lapse  of  time. 

In  the  fulness  of  time.  > 

In  the  process  of  time.     As  time  goes  by. 

One  of  these  days.     Sometime. 

On  the  brink  of.     Close  to. 

On  the  eve  of.     Just  before. 

On  the  point  of.     About  to. 

Paulo  post  futurum  [L.].     About  to  be  shortly. 

Prospectively.     With  reference  to  the  future. 

Proximo  [L.].     Of  the  next  month. 

Soon.     After  a  short  elapse  of  time. 

Sooner  or  later.     Sometime. 

The  day  after  to-morrow.     Two  days  from  the  present 


-  Hereafter. 


Ancestry.     See  Parentage. 

Ancient  times.     Times  of  long  ago,  generally  before  Christ. 

Antiquarianism.      The  taste  for  collecting  and  examining  ancient 

objects. 
Antiqueness.      The  quality  or  nature  of  being  antique. 
Antiquity.     Former  ages. 
Archaeology.       The   study   of  history  from   remains  and  relics  of 

antiquity. 
Bygone  days.     Times  past. 
Days  gone  by.  \ 
Days  of  old.     J-  Days  past. 
Days  of  yore,  J 
Days  past.     Time  past. 
Distance  of  time.     Lapse  of  time. 
Foretime.     Earlier  time. 
Former  times.     Times  past. 
Good  old  time.     Time  past. 
Lang  syne  [Scot.].     Long  ago. 
Looking  back.     Recollections. 
Medievalism.     Spirit  of  the  Middle  Ages. 
Memory.     See  Remembrance. 
Old  times.     Times  long  ago. 

Paleography.     Science  of  deciphering  ancient  documents. 
Paleology.     Science  of  antiquities. 
Paleontology.     Science  of  fossil  plants  and  animals. 
Paletiology.      Science  of  explaining   past  conditions    by  reasoning 

upon  present  conditions. 
Past  time.  Time  gone  by. 
Pre-Rafaelitism.      A  theory  in  painting    giving    preference  to  the 

style  prevailing  before  Rafael. 
Pretention.     State  of  being  past. 
Priority.     State  of  being  antecedent  in  time. 
Remote  age.   } 

Remote  past    >Time  long  past. 
Remote  time.  J 

Retrospection.     Act  or  faculty  of  looking  back  on  things  past. 
Rust  of  antiquity.     Marks  of  antiquity. 
Status  quo  [L.].     In  the  same  state  as  before. 
The  olden  time.     The  past. 
The  past.     Time  gone  by. 
Time  immemorial.     Ancient  times. 
Times  gone  by.     The  past. 
Times  of  old.    \  T  .    ,, 

Times  of  yore.  J  ^^  &go  m  the  P35*" 
Times  past.     Times  gone  by. 

Past — Associated  Nouns. 

Antiquarian.)  One  who  searches  for  and  studies  the  relics  of  antiq- 

Antiquary,     i      uity. 

Archaeologist.     One  versed  in  the  science  of  antiquities. 

Archaism.     A  word  or  expression  no  longer  in  common  use. 

Dryasdust.     An  imaginary  personage  who  serves  as  an  introducer 

of  some  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's  novels. 
Laudator  temporis  acti  [L.].     One  who  praises  old  times. 
Medievalist.     One  versed  in  the  history  of  the  Middle  Ages. 
Oldbuck.     A  character  in  Sir  Walter  Scott's  Antiquary,  devoted  to 

the  study  and  collection  of  old  coins  and  medals. 
Pre-Rafaelite.       One  who   favors    or  practises  art  as  it  was  before 

Rafael. 

Past — Verbs. 
Be  past.     To  have  happened  in  some  past  time. 
Blow  over.     To  drop  and  be  forgotten. 
Cast  the  eyes  back.     Look  back. 
Exhume.      Unbury. 
Go  away.     Depart. 
Go  by.     Pass 

Go  off.     To  take  place,  as  a  celebration. 
Have  expired.     See  Adjectives. 

Have  had  its  day.     To  have  become  old  or  of  little  use. 
Have  run  its  course.     To  have  become  old  or  useless. 
Lapse.     To  pass  entirely  away  by  degrees. 
Look  back.     To  think  of  the  past. 
Pass.     To  occur. 
Pass  away.     To  disappear. 

Pass  by.     To  go  near  and  beyond  a  certain  place. 
Pass  off.     To  occur,  as  a  celebration. 
Trace  back.     To  go  back  in  time,  step  by  step. 

Pa  st — A  djectives. 

Ancestral.     Pertaining  to  ancestors. 

Archaeological.     See  Nouns. 

Blown  over.     Dropped  and  forgotten 


FUTURE— PAST. 


436 


FY. 


FUTURE— PAST— Continued. 


FUTURE— Adverbs— Continued. 

Thence.  "i 

Thenceforth.       vFrom  that  time  forward. 

Thenceforward. ) 

To-morrow.     The  day  after  this  one. 

Ultimately.     Final  in  purpose. 


Upon  which.  I  ™« 
Whereupon.  J  inen' 


after  which. 


PAST — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 
Overnight.      During  the  night. 
Passed  away.     Elapsed. 
Past.     Gone. 

Preterlapsed.     Past  and  gone. 
Preterperfect.     The  perfect  tense  in  grammar. 
Preterpluperf  ect.     Pluperfect . 

Pristine.     Belonging  to  the  earliest  period  or  state. 
Quondam  [L.].     Former. 
Recent.     Happened  lately. 
Retroactive.     Affecting  past  acts,  etc. 
Retrospective.     Looking  back. 
Runout.     Expired;  worn  out;  ended. 
That  has  been.     Now  no  longer  existing. 


Ages  ago.     Very  long  ago. 

Ago.     Past. 

A  long  time  ago.  j  ^ 

A  long  while  ago.  J 

Already,     In  the  near  past. 

Anciently.     In  ancient  times. 

Before  now.     In  the  past. 

Ere  now.     Before  now. 

Erewhile.     A  little  while  ago. 

Erst.     Once;  long  ago. 

Ex  post  facto  [L.].     Arising  or  enacted  after  the  fact  or  deed. 

Formerly.     In  the  past. 

From  time  immemorial.      Time  out  of  mind. 

In  the  memory  of  man.     Since  history  began 
In  the  olden  time.     See  Nouns. 
Last  month.     In  the  month  just  gone  by. 
Last  season.     In  the  season  just  gone  by. 
Last  year.     In  the  year  just  gone  by. 
Lately.     In  the  near  past. 


PAST — Ad  j  ec  t  1  v  es — Cont  vnued. 
Bygone.     Past. 
Cidevant  [F.]      Of  the  past. 
Elapsed.     Passed  away. 
Expired.     Terminated. 
Exploded.     Suddenly  come  to  an  end. 

Extinct.     No  longer  existing,  said  of  species  of  animals,  etc 
Foregoing.     Preceding. 
Foregone.     Decided  beforehand. 
Forgotten.     Not  held  in  mind  any  more. 
Former.     Past. 

Gone'      1  Past 
Gone  by./  Fast* 

Irrecoverable.     Not  to  be  regained  or  restored. 

Lapsed.     Passed  away  slowly. 

Last.     Final  in  order  of  time. 

Late.     Recent;  coming  after  the  appointed  time. 

Latter.     The  following  of  two  things  mentioned. 

Looking  back.     See  Verbs. 

Never  to  return. 

No  more.     Past. 

Obsolete.     Gone  out  of  use. 

Over.     Past. 


{Continued  on  Column  1  ) 


Past — A  dverbs . 


Long  ago.     In  the  remote  past 

Long  since .     Some  time  ago. 

No  longer.     No  more. 

Of  old.    I  A     .     .. 

OfyoreJAnciently- 

Once.     At  a  former  time. 

Once  upon  a  time.     At  a  certain  former  time. 

Over.     Past. 

Retrospectively.     In  a  retrospective  manner. 

Some  time  ago.    \ 

Some  time  back.  >  In  the  near  past. 

Some  time  since. ) 

The  day  before  yesterday.     Two  days  ago. 

Till  now.     To  the  present. 

Time  out  of  mind.     For  a  very  long  time. 

Ultimo  [L.].     Last  month. 

Up  to  this  time.     Up  to  the  present. 

Whilom.     Formerly. 

Years  ago.     Long  ago. 

Yesterday.     The  day  before  the  present. 

Yet.     Up  to  the  present  time. 


Past — Phrases. 


Fuit  Ilium  [L.].     Ilium  has  been. 
Fuimus  Troes  [L.].     We  Trojans  have  been.. 
Hoc  erat  in  more  majorum  [L.J.      This  was  in  the  custom  of  our 
fathers. 


j  [Virgil,  JEneid,  3,  25.] 


Tempi  passatt  [L.]     Time  gone  by. 

The  time  has  been.    ~| 

The  time  hath  been.  /-There  was  a  time. 

Time  was.  ) 

Vltimus  Romanorum   [LJ.     Last  of  the  Romans. 


fut"-u-ri'-tion.  The  state  of  being  future.  Future- 
Past. 

fu-tu'-ri-ty.  The  future.  Antecedence-Sequence, 
Future-Past,  Occurrence-Destiny. 


fuz'-zle.  To  intoxicate.  Teetotalism  -  Intemper- 
ance. 

fy.  Fie,  an  expression  of  disapproval.  Approval-Dis* 
approval. 


GAB. 


437 


GAIN— LOSS. 


Q 


gab.     Idle  talk.     Talkativeness-Taciturnity;  gift  of 

gab,  Speech-Inarticulateness. 
gab"-ar-dine.    A  loose  coarse  gown.     Dress-Undress. 
gab'-ble.     To    jabber.     Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

ga~l!en'/  1-Tax.     Price-Discount. 
ga-belle  .  J 

gab'-er-lun"-zie.  A  beggar's  pouch.  Gentility-De- 
mocracy. 

ga'-ble.  The  end  wall  of  a  building.  Architecture, 
Laterality-Contraposition;  gable  end,  Begin- 
ning-End, Laterality-Contraposition. 

ga'-by.     A  dunce.     Sage-Fool. 

gad.  To  roam  idly.  Traveling-Navigation,  Way- 
farer-Seafarer. 

gad'-ding.     Roving.     Traveling-Navigation. 

gad'-ling.     A  tramp.     Traveling-Navigation. 

gad"-so'.  An  oath,  "God's  hooks."  Astonishment- 
Expectation,  Expectance. 

gaff.    A  game-cock's  steel  spur.    Weapon. 

gaf'-fer.  An  old  man.  Gentility-Democracy,  Male- 
Female. 

gag.  To  silence  forcibly.  Acting,  Release-Prison, 
Release-Restraint,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

gage,  (i)  A  pledge.  Security;  throw  down  the  gage, 
Defiance.  (2)  A  measure.  Mensuration  ;  rain 
gage,  Sign,  River-Wind;  wind  gage,  River- Wind. 


gage  d'atnour  [F.]  (gazh  da-mur/).  Pledge  of  love, 
Engagement-Release,  Love-Hate. 

ga'-ger.     One  who  measures.     Judicature. 

gag'-gle.    To  cackle  like  a  goose.    Cry-Ululation. 

ga-ging.     Measuring.     Mensuration. 

gaieU  de  cceur  [F.]  (g^-e-te'  de  cur).  Gaiety  of  heart. 
Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

gai'-e-ty.  State  of  being  gay.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection. 

gail'Mard".     A  spry  person.     Wag. 

gain.  To  make  profit.  Gain-Loss,  Good-Evil,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness;  gain  a  point,  Success-Failure; 
gain  a  victory,  Success-Failure;  gain  credit,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval; gain  ground,  Advance-Ret- 
rogression, Swiftness-Slowness;  gain  head,  Domi- 
nance-Impotence; gain  laurels,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit; gain  learning,  Education-Learning;  gain 
one's  ends,  Success-Failure;  gain  over,  Motive- 
Caprice;  gain  private  ends,  Unselfishness-Selfish- 
ness; gain  strength,  Increase-Decrease;  gain  the 
confidence  of,  Faith-Misgiving;  gain  the  start,  Ante- 
cedence-Sequence, Earlin  ess-Lateness;  gain 
time,  Earliness-  Lateness,  Lastingness-Tran- 
sientness  ;  gain  upon,  Approach  -  Withdrawal, 
Habit-Desuetude. 


GAIN— LOSS. 


Acquisition.     Anything  gained,  or  made  one's  own. 

Benefit.     Whatever  is  for  the  good  or  advantage  of  a  person.     See 

Good. 
Crop.     The  gain  from  what  is  planted. 
Descent.     The  transmission  of  property  by  inheritance. 
Earnings.     Wages  gained  by  service. 
Emolument.     The  profit  or  gain  arising  from  office,  employment,  or 

iitbor.     See  Recompense. 
Find.     Something  valuable  discovered. 
Foundling.     A  child  found  without  a  parent  or  owner. 
Fruit.     Anything  produced  either  from  the  earth  or  by  industry. 
Gain.     That  which  is  obtained  as  an  advantage. 
Gaining,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Gift.     Anything  received  without  compensation.     See  Giving. 
Harvest.     The  gathering  of  a  crop  of  any  kind;  the  product  of  any 

toil  or  effort. 
Income.     The  gain  which  comes  from  labor,  business,  property,  or 

capital  of  any  kind. 
Inheritance.     A  possession  which  is  derived  by  an  heir  from  an 

ancestor  or  other  person. 
Innings.     The  ingathering  of  grain. 
Loaves  and  fishes.     Symbols  of  resources  or  plenty. 
Lucre.     Gain  in  money  or  goods,  as  the  object  of  greed. 
Money-grubbing.     The  process  of  making  money  by  contemptible 

methods. 
Money-making.     The  process  of  gaining  wealth. 
Het  profit.     The  difference  in  favor  of  the  seller  between  the  selling 

price  and  the  original  cost  after  deducting  all  charges. 
Obtainment.     That  which  is  brought  into  one's  possession. 
Outcome.     The  visible  result  or  gain. 
Output.     The  quantity  produced  or  ready  for  use. 
Pelf.     Wealth;  often  implying  ill-gotten  gains. 
Pickings.     That  which  is  picked  or  gleaned. 
Pool.     A  collective  stake. 

Prize.     An  honor  or  reward  striven  for  in  a  competitive  conte?' 
Proceeds.     That  which  comes  forth  or  results;  sum  accruing  from  a 

sale. 
Procuration.  \  That   which    is  gained,   or    the  act   of  gaining  or 
Procurement,  t      obtaining. 
Produce.     That  which  is  produced,  brouaht  forth,  or  yielded. 


Bereavement.     Anything  taken  away  from,  especially  the  loss  of  a 

relative  by  death. 
Deperdition.     Anything  taken  from  by  destruction. 
Deprivation.     The  act  of  taking  something  possessed  or  enjoyed. 

See  Taking. 
Forfeiture.     The  loss  of  some  right,  privilege,  estate,  honor,  or  the 

like,  for  an  offense  or  crime. 
Lapse.     An  unobserved  or  gradual  diminution  in  strength. 
Loss.     The  act  of  parting  with  unintentionally. 
Perdition.     Entire  loss  or  destruction. 

Privation.     The  act  of  taking  away  something  necessary  or  required. 
Riddance.     Deliverance  from  something  undesirable. 

Loss — Verbs. 

Allow  to  slip  through  the  fingers.     To  lose  by  negligence. 

Be  lost.     Parted  with  unwillingly. 

Be  without.     Lacking.     See  Holding-Exemption. 

Experience  a  loss.     To  have  a  loss  befall  one. 

Forfeit.     To  lose  by  some  error  or  fault. 

Get  rid  of.     To  part  with  something  not  wanted.     See  Keeping* 

Relinquishment. 
Incur  a  loss.     Lose. 
Lapse.     To  fall  away  gradually. 
Let  slip.     To  lose  by  neglect. 

Lose.     To  part  with  unintentionally  or  unwillingly. 
Meet  with  a  loss.    Lose. 
Mislay.     To  lay  in  a  place-not  recollected. 
Miss.     To  fail  to  obtain,  learn,  or  find. 
Waste.     To  part  with  carelessly  or  unnecessarily. 

Loss — A  djectives. 

Bereaved.     Deprived  of  something  highly  valued. 

Bereft.     Poetical  form  for  bereaved. 

Cut  off.     Parted  from. 

Denuded.     Deprived  of  all  covering. 

Deprived  of.     Divested  of. 

Dispossessed.     To  be  put  out  of  possession      See  Taking. 

Irretrievable.     Not  to  be  recovered.     See  Sanguineness-Hopelm* 

NESS 


GAIN— LOSS. 


438 


GAITER. 


GAIN—  LOSS— Continued. 


Product.     Anything  that  is  produced  as  the  result  of  labor,  growth, 

thought,  or  involuntary  causes. 
Profit      Gain  in  any  transaction  or  occupation. 
Purchase.     The  acquisition  of  title  to,  or  property  in,  anything  for 

a  price- 
Recovery.     That  which  is  regained;  the  act  of  regaining. 
Redemption.     The  act  of  regaining  possession  of  by  purchase 
Replevin.     An  action  at  law  to  recover  goods  or  chattels  wrongfully 

withheld. 
Retrieval.     The  act  of  restoring  from  loss  or  injury. 
Return      That  which  is  gained  from  labor  or  investment. 
Revendication.      The  act  of  reclaiming. 

Salvage.     Compensation  gained  for  aiding  a  ship  in  distress. 
Stealing.   The  act  of  taking  the  personal  property  of  another  without 

his  consent  or  knowledge.     See  Stealing. 
Subreption.     The  act  of  obtaining  a  gain  or  favor  through  fraudulent 

concealment  of  facts. 
Sweepstakes.    A  prize  in  a  sporting  contest  comprising  several  stakes. 
The  main  chance.     The  most  favorable  opportunity  for  increasing 

one's  resources. 
Thrift.     Care  and  prudence  in  the  management  of  one's  resources. 
Trick.     A  device  for  getting  an  advantage  by  deception. 
Trouvaille  [F  ]      Anything  that  is  found. 
Trover.     Gaining  possession  of  any  goods  whether  by  finding  or  any 

other  means. 
Wealth.     A  great  abundance  of  anything  valuable  or  desirable.    See 

Affluence. 
Winnings.     Anything  that  is  won,  as  money. 

Gain — Verbs. 

Accrue      Arise  as  an  addition  or  advantage.    See  Giving-Receiving. 

Acquire.     Get  as  one's  own. 

Answer.     Pay  or  atone. 

Bag.     Catch  or  take. 

Be  profitable.     To  be  of  advantage. 

Bring  grist  to  the  mill.     To  gather  one's  earnings. 

Bring  home.     To  take  into  one's  ownership. 

Clear      To  gain  over  and  above  expenses. 

Coin  money.     To  make  great  gains  in  business. 

Collect.     Gather  together.     See  sub  Assemble. 

Come  by.     To  obtain,  gain,  or  acquire. 

Come  by  one's  own.     To  receive  one's  rightful  possessions. 

Come  in  for.     To  claim  or  receive. 

Come  into  possession.     To  gain  or  win. 

Come  upon.     To  have  a  claim  upon. 

Derive.     To  obtain  by  regular  and  orderly  process 

Draw.     To  call  for  and  receive,  as  from  a  fund. 

Draw  profit.     To  reap  gain  from. 

Earn.     To  gain  as  a  just  return  by  service. 

Enter  into  possession.     To  take  into  one's  ownership. 

Fill  one's  pockets.     To  make  money. 

Find.      To  discover  or  meet  with  accidentally. 

Gain.     To  secure  as  profit  or  earnings. 

Gain  an  advantage.     To  be  placed  in  the  way  of  getting  something 

desirable. 
Gather.     To  acquire  in  increasing  amount. 
Get.     To  secure  as  one's  own. 
Get  at.     To  reach. 

Get  back.     To  get  what  one  had  before. 

Get  between  one's  thumb  and  finger.     To  secure  certain  possession  of. 
Get  hold  of.  "| 

Get  in.  >-To  get  into  one's  ownership. 

Get  into  one's  hand.  ' 

Get  in  the  harvest.     To  gather  one  s  earnings. 
Glean      To  collect  or  gather  anything. 


LOSS — Adjectives — Continued. 


Long  lost.*) 

Losing.       >See  Verbs. 

Lost.  J 

Minus.     Without  positive  value. 

Not  having.     See  sub  Exemption. 

Off  one's  hands.     Out  of  one's  possession  or  care. 

Out  of  pocket.     Having  expended  more  money  than  one  has  received. 

Quit  of.     Deprived  of  the  care  of. 


Loss — Interjections. 


Adieu  to  1    Farewell  to  t 


GAIN— Verbs— Continued 

Inherit.     To  receive  from  one's  ancestors. 

Light  upon.     To  find. 

Make  capital  out  of.     To  use  for  a  personal  advantage. 

Make  money.      "i 

Make  money  by.  >  Add  to  one's  fortune. 

Make  profit.        ) 

Make  the  pot  boil.     To  do  something  which  yields  a  good  return. 

Net.     To  earn  or  yield  as  clear  profit. 

Obtain.     To  get  hold  of  by  effort. 

Obtain  a  return.     Obtain  a  reward  for  labor  or  expenditure. 

Pay.     To  be  profitable. 

Pickup  /  T°  imProve  by  degrees. 

Pitch  upon.     To  lay  hold  of. 

Procure.     To  bring  into  possession. 

Produce.     To  bring  forth  as  a  natural  product  or  growth      See 

Creation. 
Profit.     To  gain. 

Raise  money  >  ^°  collect  or  bring  together  for  use  or  service. 

Raise  the  wind.     To  make  very  much  money. 

Realize.     To  convert  any  kind  of  property  into  money. 

Reap  an  advantage.     To  receive  as  the  fruit  of  labor  or  works. 

Reap  and  carry.     To  gain  and  enjoy. 

Reap  the  fruits  of.     To  obtain  the  gain  or  advantage. 

Receive.     To   take,    as   something   that   is   offered.     See   Givino 

Receiving. 
Recover.     To  win  or  gain  back. 

Redeem.     To  regain  possession  by  payment  of  a  fixed  sum. 
Regain.     To  gain  or  come  to  anew. 
Replevy.     To  take  or  get  back  under  a  writ,  goods  and  chattels,  upon 

security  to  try  the  right  to  them  in  a  suit  at  law. 
Retrieve.     To  restore  to  an  improved  condition. 
Revendicate.     To  demand  the  restoration  of. 
Sack.     To  plunder. 

Scrape  up  j  To  gather  in  small  portions  by  laborious  effort. 

Secure.     To  put  beyond  risk  of  losing. 

Step  into. 

Step  into  a  fortune.       I  „    .  ., .    . 

Step  into  the  shoes  of.  \  To  fal1  heir  to' 

Succeed  to. 

Take  1 

Take'possessionJ  To  acclu!re  the  ownership  of. 

Treasure  up.     To  store  up  one's  gains.     See  Store. 

Turn  a  penny.  1  _,  .       ' 

Turn  an  honest  penny.  I  To  earn  by  labor- 

Turn  to  account.)  _  ,  , 

Turn  to  profit.     I  To  use  t0  one  s  own  advantage. 

Win.     To  gain  at  play. 


Gain — Adjectives. 


Acquired.     Gained,  won 
Acquiring.     Gaining  by  one's  own  exertions. 
Acquisitive.     Having  the  power  to  acquire. 
Advantageous.     Gainful,  profitable. 
Gainful .     Producing  gai  n 


Lucrt  causa  [L.]      For  the  sake  of  gain 


Lucrative.  Making  increase  of  money  or  goods. 
Paying.  Yielding  a  return  for  money  expended 
Profitable.     Bringing  profit  or  gain 

Remunerative.     Affording  an  ample  return  for  industry  or  an  invest- 
ment 


Gain — Phrase. 


gain'-ful.     Profitable.     Gain-Loss,  Usefulness-Use- 

lessness. 
gain'-less.    Profitless.     Usefulness-TJselessness. 
jjain"-say'.     To  contradict.     Assertion-Denial. 


gair'-ish.     Gaudy.    Color-Achromatism,  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement, Light-Darkness,  Pomp. 
gait.    Manner  of  walking.    Movement-Rest,  Wav 
gait'-er.    Covering  for  the  leg.    Dress-Undress. 


GALA. 


439 


GAP. 


ga'-la.   Festivity.   Entertainment-Weariness,  Pomp. 
ga'-la-day".       A     holiday.     Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 
ga-lac'-tic.     Pertaining  to  the  galaxy.     Galactic  circle, 

Universe. 
galantuomo  [It.]  (ga-lan-tu-o'-mo) .      An  honest  man. 

Uprightness-Dishonesty. 
gal"-a-vant.     Gallivant.     Blandishment. 
gal'-ax-y.    Any  brilliant  group.     Gathering-Scatter- 
ing, Luminary-Shade,  Multiplicity- Paucity,  Rep- 
utation-Discredit, Universe. 
gale.     Storm.      River-Wind. 

Ga'-len.     Greek  physician  of    second  century.     Rem- 
edy-Bane. 
ga-len'-ic-als.     Poison  antidote.     Remedy-Bane. 
gaT'-i-ma'-tias.     Nonsense.     Adage-Nonsense. 
gal'-i-ot.    A  small  galley.    Conveyance-Vessel. 
gal'-i-pot.     Gallipot. 

gall.  An  abrasion  of  the  skin  caused  by  rubbing;  bitter 
feeling.  Charitableness-Malevolence,  Favorite- 
Anger,  Palatableness-Unpalatableness,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness,  Sensuality-Suffering; 
dip  the  pen  in  gall,  Adulation-Disparagement. 

gal'-lant.  Brave.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Love-Hate, 
Politeness-Impoliteness,  Purity-Impurity,  Pur- 
ity-Rake. 

gal'-lant-ry.  Undue  attention  to  women.  Blandish- 
ment, Bravery-Cowardice,  Impurity',  Love-Hate, 
Politeness-Impoliteness. 

gal"-lant-y-show'.  A  miniature  shadow-pantomime. 
Appearance  -  Disappearance,  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

galled.  Having  some  skin  rubbed  off.  Let  the  galled 
jade  wince,  Bragging. 

gal'-le-on.  A  large  sailing  vessel.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

gal'-ler-y.  Room  for  displaying  things;  hall;  seating 
space  above  the  main  floor  of  churches,  etc.  Acting, 
Aperture-Closure,  Contents-Receiver,  Store. 

gal'-ley.  Seagoing  vessel  fitted  with  oars.  Convey- 
ance-Vessel, Recompense-Punition,  Recompense- 
Scourge;  work  like  a  galley-slave,  Toil-Relaxa- 
tion. 

gal"-ley-foist'.     A  state  barge.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

gal'-leys.  Prison  boats.  Recompense  -  Punition, 
Recompense-Scourge. 

gal'-li-ass.    A  large  galley.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

Gal'-li-cism.  French  mode  of  speaking.  Word-Ne- 
ology. 

gal"-li-gas'-kins.    Long  loose  hose.    Dress-Undress. 

gal"-li-mau'-frey.     Harsh.     Mixture-Homogeneity. 

gall'-ing.     Chafing.     Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

gal'-li-pot.  A  glazed  pot  for  medicine.  Receiver- 
Receptacle. 

gal"-li-vant'.    To  gad  about.     Blandishment. 

gal'-lon.     Unit  of  measure.     Measure. 

gal-loon'.  Kind  of  lace.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

gal'-lop.  To  move  with  a  swift  leaping  motion,  as  a 
horse.  Lastingness-Transientness,  Swiftness- 
Slowness,  Traveling-Navigation. 

gal'-lop-ing.  Moving  in  a  gallop.  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness; galloping  consumption,  Health-Sickness. 

gal'-lo-way.    A  small  horse.     Conveyer. 

gal'-lows.  A  framework  on  which  to  execute  criminals. 
Life-Killing,  Recompense-Scourge;  bring  to  the 
gallows,  Recompense-Punition  ;  come  to  the  gallows, 
Recompense-Punition. 

cal'-op.  A  lively  dance.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

gal"-o-pade'.      Galop.      Entertainment- Weariness. 

ga-lore\     Abundant.     Enough. 

ga-losh'.  To  cover  with  strong  water-proof  material. 
Dress-Undress. 


gal-van'-ic.  Excitable.  Excitability-Inexcitability; 

galvanic  cell,  Electricity. 
gal'- van-ism.    Electricity  produced  by  chemical  action. 

Excitation,  Might-Impotence. 
gal'-van-ize.     To  excite.     Excitation. 
gal"-va-nom'-e-ter.       Electrical    instrument.       Elec- 
tricity. 
Ga-ma'-li-el.      A    learned   Jew    of   the    first    century. 
Brought  up  at  the  feet  of  Gamaliel,  Scholar-Dunce. 

ga-mash'-es.     High  boots.     Dress-Undress. 

gam-bade'.  Prank.  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Spring-Dive. 

gam-ba'-do.  Legging;  prank.  Dress-Undress,  Spring- 
Dive. 

gam'-bler.    One  who  gambles.    Purpose-Luck. 

gam'-bling.  Risking  value  in  a  game.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Purpose-Luck,  Recklessness- 
Caution. 

gam'-bling-house".  Place  where  gambling  is  done. 
Purpose-Luck. 

gam-boge'.     Kind    of    resin.      Yellowness- Purple. 

gam'-bol.  To  skip  sportively.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

game.  Wild  animals;  sport;  unflinching;  to  gamble. 
Bravery-Cowardice,  Conduct,  Determination- 
Vacillation,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Fauna- 
Flora,  Palatableness-Unpalatableness,  Per- 
sistence-Whim, Purpose-Luck,  Quest-Evasion. 
Society-Laughingstock;  game  at  romps,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness; game  at  which  two  can  play, 
Reprisal-Resistance;  game  in  one's  hands,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility, Rule-License,  Success-Failure; 
game  to  the  last,  Persistence-Whim;  game  up,  Suc- 
cess-Failure; drawn  game,  SuccEss-FAiLUREjmake 
game  of,  Regard-Disrespect,  Society-Derision, 
Truthfulness-Fraud;  play  a  desperate  game,  Reck- 
lessness-Caution; play  the  game  of,  Antagonism- 
Concurrence. 

game'-cock".  Cock  trained  for  fighting.  Bellig- 
erent, Bravery-Cowardice. 

game'-keep"-er.  One  who  cares  for  the  game.  Guard- 
Prisoner. 

game'-some.  Playful.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion. 

game'-ster.  Gambler.  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Purpose-Luck,  Recklessness-Caution. 

gam'-in.  Street  arab.  City-Country,  Gentility- 
Democracy. 

ga'-ming.  Playing  for  money.  Purpose-Luck,  Reck- 
lessness-Caution. 

ga'-ming-house".     Gambling-house.      Purpose-Luck. 

gam'-mer.  An  old  woman.  Infant-Veteran,  Male- 
Female. 

gam'-mon.  Hoax.  Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

ga'-my.     High-flavored.     Pungency. 

gam'-ut.     The  diatonic  scale.     Melody-Dissonance. 

gan'-der.     Male  goose.     Male-Female. 

gang.  "  Group;  to  go.  Association,  Gathering- 
Scattering;  Movement-Rest. 

gan'-grene.  First  stage  of  mortification.  Health- 
Sickness. 

gang'-way".     Passageway.   Length-Shortness,  Way. 

gant'-let.  Punishment  inflicted  by  running  between 
two  lines  of  men  who  strike  the  runner  with  whips, 
etc.  Recompense-Punition;  run  the  gantlet,  Brav- 
ery-Cowardice, Determination- Vacillation. 

gaol.     Jail.     Release-Prison;  gaol  delivery,  Rescue. 

gaol'-er.  Keeper  of  a  jail.  Guard-Prisoner,  Rec- 
ompense-Scourge. 

gap.  Fissure.  Aperture-Closure,  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Inquisitiveness-Indifference,  In- 
terspace-Contact; stand  in  the  gap,  Attack- 
Defense. 


GAPE. 


440 


GATHERING— SCATTERING. 


gape.  Opening.  Continuity-Interruption,  Fault- 
lessness-Faultiness,  Interspace-Contact;  gape 
for,  Desire-Distaste. 

ga'-ping.  Yawning.  Aperture-Closure,  Expecta- 
tion-Surprise. 

G.  A.  R.  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  Patriotism- 
Treason. 

gar.     To  make.     Creation-Destruction. 

garb.  Clothing.  Dress-Undress;  under  the  garb  of, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

gar'-bage.     Refuse.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

gar'-ble.  To  alter.  Addition-Subtraction,  Inclu- 
sion -  Omission,  Interpretation  -  Misinterpreta- 
tion, "/ruthfulness-Falsehood;  garble  accounts, 
Accounts. 

gar'-bled.    Cnanged.     Entirety-Deficiency. 

gar'-bling.  A  picking  or  sorting.  Addition-Sub- 
traction. 

garde  meurt,  et  ne  se  rend  pas,  la  [F.]  (gard  mur,  £  ne 
se  ran'  pa,  la).  The  guard  dies,  it  does  not  surren- 
der.    Bra ver\ -Cowardice,  Persistence-Whim. 

garde  naiionale  [F.]  (gard  na-si-o-nal') .  National 
guard.     Belligerent. 

garde  royale  [F.]  \gard  rwa-yal').  Royal  guard. 
Attack-Defense  Belligerent. 

gar'-den.  A  small  piece  of  cultivated  land.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Domestication-Agriculture,  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Entertainment-Weariness;  botanic 
farden,  Domestication- Agriculture,  Zoology- 
Iotany;  garden  party,  Sociability-Privacy;  zo- 
ological garden,  Domestication-Agriculture. 

gar'-den-er.  One  who  tenas.  a  garden.  Domestica- 
tion-Agriculture. 

gar'-dens.  Place  of  amusement  ornamented  with  flow- 
ers.    Dweller-Habitation. 

gardez  [F.]  (gar-de').  Take  care.  Recklessness- 
Caution,  Warning. 

gardez  bien  [F.]  (gar-de'  bi-an'').  Take  good  care. 
Recklessness-Caution. 

gardez  la  foi  [F.]  (gar-de'  la  fwa).  Keep  the  faith. 
Observance-Nonobservance. 

Gar-gan'-tu-a.  Giant  of  fiction  who  could  drink  a  river 
dry.     [Rabelais.] 

Gar-gan'-tu-an.     Enormous.     Greatnfgs-Littleness. 

gar'-gle.  Liquid  used  to  cleanse  the  throat.  Water- 
Air. 

gar'-goyle.  Projecting  spout.  Architecture,  Water- 
course-Airpipe. 

gar'-ish.  Gaudy.  Color-Achromatism,  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement, Light-Darkness,  Pomp. 

gar'-land.  Wreath.  Circle- Winding,  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement, Sign,  Title,  Trophy. 

gar'-lic.  A  kind  of  herb.  Condiment,  Perfume- 
Stench. 

gar'-ment.     Clothing.     Dress-Undress. 

gar'-ner.   Granary ;  to  store.   Store;  garner  up,  Store. 

gar'-net.  A  shade  of  red.  Embellishment-Disfig- 
urement. 

gar'-nish.  To  ornament.  Embellishment  -Disfig- 
urement, Increment-Remnant,  Outlay-Income, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

gar'-ni-ture.  Anything  used  for  garnishing.  Dress- 
Undress. 

gar'-ran.     A  Galloway  horse.     Conveyer. 


gar'-ret.  The  room  immediately  under  the  roof.  Con- 
tents-Receiver, Top-Bottom. 

gar'-ri-son.  Military  station.  Attack  -  Defense, 
Belligerent,  Dweller- Habitation,  Security- 
Insecurity. 

gar'-ri-soned  by.  Protected  by.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

gar-rote'.  To  kill  by  strangling  with  a  garrote;  an 
instrument  for  capital  punishment.  Life-Killing, 
Might-Impotence,     Recompense-Punition. 

gar-ro'-ter.     A  strangler.      Life-Killing. 

gar-ru'-li-ty.  Talkativeness.  Talkativeness -Taci- 
turnity. 

gar'-ru-lous.  Talkative.  Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

gar'-ter.  Band  used  to  hold  up  a  stocking.  Con- 
nective, Title  ;  garter  blue,  Blueness-Orange. 

gas.  Matterin  the  aeriform  state.  Chemistry,  Liquid- 
Gas,  Luminary-Shade. 

gas'-con.     A  boaster.     Bragging. 

gas"-con-ade.'     To  boast.     Bragging. 

gas"-con-a'-ding.     Boasting.     Bragging. 

gas-e'-i-ty.     State  of  being  gaseous.     Liquid-Gas. 

gash.  To  cut.  Good-Evil,  Interspace-Contact, 
Union-Disunion. 

gas"-i-fi-ca'-tion.  The  process  of  changing  ir.to  a  gas. 
Water-Air. 

gas'-kins.     Leather  leggings.     Dress-Undress. 

gas'-light".  Light  made  by  burning  gas.  Luminary- 
Shade. 

gas"-o-lier'.     A  gas  chandelier.     Luminary-Shade. 

gas-om'-e-ter.  Tank  for  storing  gas.  Luminary- 
Shade,  Store. 

gasp.  To  breathe  or  talk  with  difficulty.  Health- 
Sickness,  River-Wind,  Weariness-Refreshment; 
at  the  last  gasp,  Life-Death;  gasp  for,  Desire-Dis- 
taste. 

gas'-ping.  Struggling  for  breath.  Health-Sick- 
ness. 

gas'-trc-man"-cy.     A  kind  of  divination.     Prophecy. 

gas'-trc-nome.     An  epicure.     Fasting-Gluttony. 

gas-tron'-o-my.  The  art  of  preparing  appetizing  food. 
Fasting-Gluttony. 

gate.  Small  movable  part  of  a  fence.  Aperture,  Be- 
ginning-End, Enclosure,  Obstruction-Help;  gate- 
way, Aperture-Closure,  Beginning-End,  Enclo- 
sure, Way;  Watergate,  Watercourse-Airpipe. 

gati  enfant  [F.]  (ga-t6'  an--fan').  A  spoiled  child. 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

Gath.  A  Philistine  city;  tell  it  not  in  Gath,  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

gath'-er.  To  collect.  Decision-Misjudgment,  En- 
largement-Diminution, Gain-Loss,  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Plicature,  Taking-Restitution; 
gather  breath,  Weariness-Refreshment;  gather 
flesh,  Enlargement-Diminution;  gather  from  one, 
Enlightenment-Secrecy;  gather  fruits,  Success- 
Failure. 

gath'-ered.  Gotten  together ;  gathered  to  one's  fathers, 
Life-Death. 

gath'-er-ing.  Meeting;  collection  of  anything.  Gath- 
ering-Scattering, Health -Sickness;  gathering 
clouds,  Charitableness-Menace,  Light-Darkness, 
Luminary-Shade,  Portent,  Security-Insecurity, 
Wandering,  Welfare-Misfortune. 


GATHERING— SCATTERING. 


Accumulation.     Collection  in  a  heap.     See  Store. 
Acervation.     A  heaping  up,  a  collection. 
Agglomeration.     Heaping  together  in  a  disordered  mass. 
Aggregation.     Collection  or  assemblage  into  one  whole  or  mass. 
Assemblage.     A  bringing  together  of  persons,  generally  conspicuous. 
Assembly.     A  coming  together  of  persons  with  one  object. 
Association.     A  voluntary  union  of  persons  in  a  society. 
Assortment.     A  great  number  of  many  kinds. 


Apportionment.     Separation  into  portions. 

Circumfusion.     Act  of  spreading  abroad. 

Diffusion.     A  spreading  out  in  all  directions. 

Disjunction.     A  parting  of  what  was  joined.     See  Union-Disunion 

Dispersion.     The  act  of  scattering. 

Dissemination.     The  act  of  spreading  like  seed. 

Dissipation.     State  of  being  dispersed  or  scattered. 

Distribution.     A  separation  into  parts. 


GATHERING. 


441 


GATHERING— SCATTERING. 


GATHERING—  SCATTERING—  Continued. 


Attroupement  [F.].     A  riotous  assembly. 

Brotherhood.     An  association  for  a  purpose,  fraternity 

Coacervation.     The  act  of  heaping  up. 

Coagmentation.     The  act  of  joining  together. 

Collection.     Any  act  of  gathering  of  anything  or  persons. 

Colligation.     A  gathering  together  of  isolated  facts. 

Collocation.     The  act  of  placing  side  by  side. 

Compilation.     A  selected  collection  of  matters. 

Concentration.     The  act  of  drawing  to  a  common  place. 

Concourse.     A  coming  together;  an  assembly. 

Conflux.     A  flowing  together;  confluence. 

Congeries.     A  collection  of  particles;  heap. 

Conglobation.     Collection  into  a  mass. 

Conglomerate.     A  collection  of  things  massed  without  any  order. 

Conglomeration.     Collection  of  heterogeneous  material  in  a  mass. 

Congregation.     To  collect  into  a  flock  or  body. 

Contesseration.     An  assemblage  of  those  holding  tessera?  as  tickets 

of  admission;  a  mosaic. 
Convergence.     Approaching  to  a  point.     See  Concentration. 
Cumulation.     Act  of  heaping  together. 
Gathering.     An  assemblage,  a  collection. 
Glomeration.     The  act  of  collecting  into  a  ball. 
Ingathering.     The  drawing  or  collecting  together. 
Levy.     A  calling  together;  collection. 
Meeting.     A  coming  together,  a  joining. 
Muster.     An  assemblage  of  people  or  soldiers  for  review. 
Omnium-gatherum.     An  assembly  of  all. 
Populousness.     The  state  of  the  country  in  regard  to  the  number  of 

people  collected  thereon. 
Quantity.     A  considerable  amount  without  regard  to  form  or  shape. 
Reunion.     A  gathering  together  after  separation. 

Gathering — Nouns  of  Place. 
Drawing-room.     A  room  used  for  the  assembling  of  company. 
Menagery,     A  place  where  various  wild  animals  are  kept  for  show. 
Museum.     A  place  where  collections  of  curiosities  are  kept. 

Gathering — Associated  Words. 
At  home.     In  preparation  for  reception  of  company. 
Black  hole  of  Calcutta.     A  dark  hole  in  which  123  prisoners  were 

suffocated  in  Calcutta. 
Noah's  ark.     A  child's  toy  in  which  all  kinds  of  animals  are  put. 
Pleiades.     A  group  of  stars  in  Taurus;  seven  stars,  of  which  one  is 

lost. 
Spicilegium  [L.].     A  gathering  in,  as  of  corn. 

Gathering — Special  Assemblage  of  Persons, 

Conclave.     A  secret  assembly,  a  council.     See  Council. 

Congress.     A    formal    assembly    of    deputies,    representatives,    or 
legislators. 

Conventicle.     A  secret  religious  assembly. 

Convention.      A  coming  together  of  minds  for  arrangement  or  settle- 
ment of  difficulties. 

Gemot.     An  assembly  of  the  English  barons. 

Posse.     A  squad  of  men  deputized  by  a  sheriff. 

Posse  comitatus  [L.].   Citizens  summoned  by  a  sheriff  to  his  assistance. 
Gathering — Scientific  Nouns. 

Collectanea.      A  collection  of  passages  from  many  authors. 

Congestion.      Accumulation  of  too  much  blood  in  the  veins. 

Fascine.     A  bundle  of  sticks  used  in  making  ramparts,  etc. 

Miscellany.     A  collection  of  compositions  on  various  subjects. 
Gathering — Denotations. 

Army.      A  collection  or  body  of  men  armed  for  war. 

Array.     A  body  of  persons  drawn  up  in  regular  lines. 

Bale.     A  bundle  or  package  of  anything  in  a  cloth  cover,  or  corded 
for  storage  or  transportation. 

Band.      A  company  of  persons  united  in  any  common  design. 

Batch.      A  quantity  of  anything  produced  at  one  operation. 

Bevy.     An  assembly  of  persons,  especially  of  ladies. 

Body.     A  number  of  individuals  spoken   of  collectively,   usually 
organized  for  some  purpose. 

Budget.     A  bag  with  its  contents;  hence,  an  accumulation. 

Bunch.      A  collection  ol  things  of  the  same  kind. 

Bundle.     A  number  of  things  bound  together. 

Clan.     A  tribe,  or  collection  of  families  regarded  as  having  the  same 
common  ancestor. 

Cloud.      A  collection  of  visible  vapor;  a  great  crowd  or  multitude. 

Clump.     A  growth  of  small  trees. 

Cluster,      A  number  of  similar  things  collected  together. 

Company.     An  assemblage  of  persons. 

Conversazione.     A  meeting  for  conversation  on  some  special  topic. 
See  Sociability.  » 


Divergence.     Separation    from    one    point.     See    Concentration 

Radiation. 
Interspersion.     The  act  of  scattering  here  and  there. 
Respersion.     Sprinkling  or  scattering. 
Scattering.     A  throwing  about  without  regard  to  order. 
Spargef action.     The  act  of  sprinkling. 
Spread.     An  extending  in  all  directions. 

Scattering — Denotations. 

Disjecta  membra  [L.].  Scattered  parts.     [Horace, Satires,  1,  4,  62,1 
Flotsam  and  jetsam.     Goods  Jost  by  shipwreck  and  floating  on  the 

sea.,  or  sunk  to  the  bottom. 
Hand-bill.     A  loose,  printed  sheet,  to  be  distributed  by  hand. 
Waifs  and  estrays.     Goods  found  of  which  the  owner  is  not  known, 

or  an  animal  wandering  from  its  owner;  waifs  are  thrown  away 

by  a  thief  in  his  flight. 

Scattering — Verbs. 
Apportion.     To  divide  up  into  portions.     See  Assignment. 
Blow  off.     To  cause  to  leave  some  place. 
Cast.     To  throw  away  with  force. 
Cast  adrift.  1  ™    ,, 
Cast  forth./  To  throw  away. 

Circumfuse.     To  pour  around  as  a  liquid. 

Deal  out.     To  give  out  in  portions. 

Diffuse.     To  spread  abroad. 

Disband.     To  break  up  an  organization. 

Disembody.     To  discharge  from  a  military  organization. 

Dismember.     To  separate  limb  from  limb. 

Dispel.     To  drive  away  by  scattering. 

Dispense.     To  divide  into  portions. 

Disperse.     To  scatter  away. 

Disperse  themselves.     To  scatter. 

Disseminate.     To  scatter  as  seed. 

Distribute.     To  apportion  among  a  number. 

Draft  off.     To  draw  off. 

Intersperse.     To  scatter  here  and  there. 

Issue.     To  send  forth  for  distribution. 

Let  out.     To  permit  to  scatter. 

Overspread.     To  be  scattered  over. 

Resperse.     To  scatter. 

Retail.     To  distribute  in  small  portions. 

Scatter.     To  throw  about  in  different  directions. 

Scatter  to  the  winds.     To  scatter  in  all  directions. 

Set  abroach.     To  set  in  a  state  of  diffusion. 

Shed.     To  separate  in  weaving. 

Sow.     To  scatter  as  seed. 

Sow  broadcast.     To  throw  all  over. 

Spirtle.     To  issue  in  a  scattering  manner. 

Spread.     To  stretch  over  an  extent. 

Spread  like  wildfire.     To  spread  or  be  scattered  very  widely  and 

rapidly. 
Sprinkle.     To  scatter  as  drops  of  water. 
Straw.     To  spread. 
Strew.     To  cast  about  loosely. 
Strow.     See  Strew. 

Ted.     To  stir  up  and  scatter,  as  for  drying. 
Turn  adrift.     To  let  go  at  random. 
Utter.     To  send  out;  to  put  in  circulation. 

Scattering — Adjectives. 
Adrift.     Floating  about. 
Broadcast.     Scattered  widely. 
Disheveled.     Thrown  into  disorder,  as  the  hair. 
Dispersed.     See  Verbs. 
Dispread.     Widely  diffused. 

Epidemic.     Affecting  great  numbers.     See  Universality. 
Sparse.     Thinly  scattered. 
Sporadic.     Occurring  irregularly. 
Stray.     Having  wandered  from  the  way. 
Streaming.     Flowing  abundantly. 

Unassembled.     Not  called  into  same  place.     See  Gathering. 
Widespread.     Very  generally  distributed. 

Scattering — Adverbs. 
Here  and  there.     Scattered. 
Passim  [L.f.     In  various  places. 
Sparstm  [L-3-     Scatteredly. 


GATHERING — Denotations— Continued. 
Shower.     That  which  resembles  a  shower  in  falling  through  the  air, 


a  copious  su] 


pply. 


GATHERING. 


442 


GATHERING. 


GATHERING — Denotations— Continued. 


Corps.     An  organized  division  of  a  military  establishment. 

Covey.     A  flock  of  quails  or  partridges. 

Crew.  A  company  of  people  associated  together;  a  company  of 
seamen  who  man  a  ship. 

Crowd.     A  number  of  persons  collected  in  a  close  body  without  order. 

Drift.     A  collection  of  loose  earth  and  rocks,  or  boulders. 

Drove.     A  collection  of  cattle. 

Fagot.     A  bundle  of  sticks  or  small  branches  of  trees  used  for  fuel. 

Fardel.     A  bundle  or  little  pack. 

Fasciculus  [L.].     A  small  bundle. 

Flock.     A  company  of  living  creatures,  especially  of  sheep  or  birds. 

Galaxy.     Clusters  of  stars. 

Gang.     A  number  of  persons  associated  for  a  particular  purpose. 

Group.  An  assemblage  of  either  persons  or  things  collected  without 
any  form. 

Haycock.     A  heap  of  hay  in  the  field. 

Heap.  A  collection  of  things  thrown  together  so  as  to  form  an 
elevation. 

Herd.     A  number  of  beasts  assembled  together. 

Horde.     Any  gathered  multitude  of  human  beings. 

Host.     Any  great  number  of  men. 

Knot.     A  small  group  of  persons. 

Levee.     A  morning  assembly  of  visitors. 

Lot.     A  large  quantity  or  number. 

Lump.     A  mass  or  aggregate  of  things. 

Mob.     An  unlawful  or  riotous  assembly ;  mobile  vutgus. 

Pack.  A  bundle;  a  number  of  dogs  kept  for  hunting;  a  number  of 
connected  or  similar  things. 

Package.     A  small  bundle. 

Parcel.     A  number  of  things  put  up  together. 

Party.  A  number  of  persons  united  in  opinion,  action,  or  entertain- 
ment. 


Pencil.     A  collection  of  rays  of  light. 

•Pile.     A  mass  of  things  heaped  together. 

Pyramid.     A  collection  of  things  in  the  shape  of  a  pyramid. 

Rabble.     A  noisy  crowd  of  people. 

Regiment.     A  body  of  soldiers  consisting  of  ten  companies,  or  about 

one  thousand  men. 
Rick.     A  stack  or  pile,  as  of  grain,  straw,  or  hay. 
Rouleau  [P.].     A  roll. 
School.     An  assemblage  of  scholars;  a  multitude,  as  a  school  of  fish. 

,,         '   |  A  bale  or  package  covered  with  wood  bound  with  hide. 

Set.  A  number  of  things  of  the  same  kind,  ordinarily  classed  together 

Sheaf.     A  quantity  of  the  stalks  of  grain  bound  together. 

Shoal.     A  great  multitude  assembled,  especially  of  fish. 

Shock.     A  pile  of  sheaves  of  grain,  set  up  in  a  field. 

Snowball.     A  round  mass  of  snow  pressed  or  rolled  together. 

Snowdrift.     A  great  pile  of  snow  driven  together  by  the  wind. 

Squad.     A  small  party  of  men  assembled  for  drill,  etc. 

Stack.     A  pile  of  unthrashed  grain. 

Stock.     A  supply  or  accumulation  of  goods  or  resources. 

Storm.     A  heavy  shower  or  fall. 

Swarm.     A  large  number  of  small  animals  or  insects* 

Throng.     A  multitude  of  persons  pressed  into  a  close  body. 

Tissue.     A  web  or  texture. 

Tribe.     A  collection  of  families  having  the  same  ancestor. 

Troop.     A  collection  of  people;  soldiers. 

Troupe.     The  company  of  performers  in  a  play  or  opera. 

Truss.     A  bundle  or  package. 

Tuft.     A  collection  of  small,  flexible,  or  soft  things  in  a  knot  or  bunch 

Volley.     A  great  number  of  missiles  discharged  at  the  same  time. 

Wisp.     A  small  bundle,  as  of  straw. 


Cohue  [F.3.     A  riot. 

Crush.      A  jamming  together  of  a  crowd  of  persons. 

Deluge.     A  great  flood. 


Accumulate.     To  collect  together  by  slow  accessions. 
Acervate .     To  heap  up . 
Agglomerate.     To  collect  in  a  mass. 
Aggregate.     To  collect  into  a  gross  lump. 
Aggroup.     To  bring  together  in  groups. 
Amass.     To  gather  much  into  a  heap. 
Assemble.     To  bring  together  at  the  same  place. 

Associate.     To  combine  in  some  enterprise,  to  bring  into  close  rela- 
tion. 
Bring  to  a  focus.     To  bring  to  a  central  point ;  to  concentrate. 
Bring  together.     To  gather. 
Center  around.     To  collect  about ;  to  cluster. 
Cluster.     To  collect  together  in  a  close  group. 
Collect.     To  gather  from  different  places  into  the  same  place. 
Collect  in  a  focus.     To  collect  at  one  point. 
Collect  in  a  drag  net.     Drawn  together  by  force. 
Colligate.     To  bind  together  for  comparison . 
Collocate.     To  set  in  its  place ;  to  arrange. 
Come  together.     Gather. 

Compile.     To  draw  together  from  various  sources. 
Complete.     To  supply  all  needed  parts. 

Concentrate .     To  bring  to  a  central  point ;  to  unite  more  solidly . 
Conglomerate.     To  bring  together  in  a  ball. 
Congregate.     To  collect  persons  in  a  crowd. 
Convene.     To  come  together  in  one  place. 
Convocate.     To  call  together. 
Convoke.     To  summon  to  one  place. 
Cram.     To  force  together  in  a  small  compass. 
Crowd.     To  press  together;  be  numerous. 
Draw  together.     Collected. 
Dredge.     To  gather  by  a  dredge. 
Flock.     To  gather  in  crowds. 
Flock  together.     To  meet. 
Foregather.     To  meet  accidentally;  forgather. 

Gath  eri  ng — A  djectives. 


Gathering — Noun's  of  Cause. 

[Flood.     An  excessive  amount  of  water. 
Press.     A  jam  made  by  a  big  crowd. 
Rush.     A  tumultuous  movement  of  a  large  number  of  persons. 

Gathering — Verbs. 

Gather.     To  bring  together. 

Get  in.     To  bring  together. 

Get  together.     To  collect. 

Group.     To  make  into  groups  or  classes. 

Heap.     To  put  together  in  a  pile. 

Heap  Ossa  on  Pelion.     To  pile  up  mountains. 

Herd.     To  gather  or  keep  together  as  a  flock  of  sheep. 

Hold  a  meeting.     To  come  together  in  one  place. 

Huddle.     To  throw  together  in  confusion. 

Join.     To  add,  combine,  unite  together. 

Lump  together.     To  heap  together  heterogeneously. 

Mass.     To  put  together  in  a  mass. 

Meet.     To  come  to  and  together. 

Muster.     To  call  together  for  review. 

Pack.     To  collect  for  transportation. 

Pig  together.     To  huddle  together  like  pigs. 

Pile        ) 

p.,  *       |  To  gather  into  a  heap. 

Put.     To  place  in  a  certain  place. 

Put  together.     To  join. 

Put  up.     Put  together. 

Rake  up.     To  gather  in  one  place. 

Reassemble.     To  assemble  again. 

Rejoin.     To  join  again. 

Rendezvous.     To  meet  at  an  appointed  place. 

Resort.     To  repair  to ;  to  assemble. 

Scrape  together.     To  draw  together  indiscriminately  into  a  heap 

Stream.     To  flow  along  abundantly. 

Surge.     To  swell  and  to  roll. 

Swarm.     To  collect  like  bees. 

Throng.     To  gather  in  a  crowd. 

Truss.     To  pack  together. 

Unite.     To  bring  together  into  an  integral  whole. 


All  of  a  heap.     Piled  together  without  any  arrangement. 

Assembled.     Brought  or  called  together.     See  Verbs. 

As  thick  as  hops.     As  thick  as  possible. 

Closely  packed.     Gathered  in  a  mass. 

Crowded  to  suffocation.     So  dense  as  to  have  little  air  for  breathing. 

Cumulative.     Piled  up;  gathering  volume  by  addition. 


Acervatim  [L.].     In  heaps 

The  plot  thickens.     The  affair  becomes  more  intricate. 


Dense.     Having  its  parts  close  together. 
Fasciculated.     Grouped  in  a  fascicle  or  bunch. 
Populous.     Thickly  inhabited. 
Serried.     Crowded  in  rows;  compact. 
Swarming.     Thick  like  a  hive  of  bees. 
Teeming.     Produced  in  great  numbers. 
Gathering — Phrases.     . 

Tibi  seris,  tibi  metis  [L.] 
reap. 


For  yourself  you  sow,  for  yourself  you 


GATHERING-PLACE. 


443 


GENERATION. 


gath'-er-ing-place" .  Place  where  people  come  together. 
Gatheringplace. 

GATHERINGPLACE. 

Center.     The  point  equally  distant  from  a  number  of  given  points. 

Club.     The  meeting-place  of  a  society. 

Corradiation.     A  concentration  of  rays  at  one  point. 

Depot.     A  central  warehouse  for  the  transfer  of  goods. 

Focus.     Meeting  point  of  converging  lines. 

Gathering-place.     Place  for  coming  together. 

Haunt.     Place  of  frequent  resort. 

Headquarters.     Place  from  which  orders  are  issued. 

Home.     House  in  which  a  family  lives. 

Issue.     Point  in  debate  or  dispute. 

Place  of  assignation.     A  meeting-place  for  lovers. 

Place  of  meeting.     A  spot  agreed  upon  for  coming  together. 

Place  of  resort.     A  much  frequented  place. 

Point  de  reunion  [F.fl.     Point  of  reunion. 

Point  of  convergence.     Focus. 

Rallying  point.     A  place  where  a  rally  can  be  made. 

Rendezvous.     Prearranged  meeting-place. 

Resort.     A  place  frequently  visited. 

Trysting-place.     A  place  agreed  upon  for  an  interview. 

Gatheringplace — Verbs. 

Bring  to  a  focus.     To  gather  at  one  point,  as  rays  of  light. 

Bring  to  an  Issue.     To  bring  different  views  to  a  common  conclusion. 

Bring  to  a  point.     To  gather  at  one  place. 

gauche.     Clumsy.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

gauche"-rie'.  Awkwardness.  Skill-Unskilfulness, 
Taste- Vulgarity. 

gaud.  Showy  finery.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

gaud'-er-y.     Finery.     Conceit-Diffidence. 

gaud'-i-ness.     Showiness.     Taste-Vulgarity. 

gaud'-y.  Showy.  Beauty-Ugliness;  Color-Achro- 
matism,  Embellishment  -  Disfigurement,  Pomp, 
Taste- Vulgarity. 

gauge,  etc.     See  Gage,  etc 

gaunt.  Lank.  Beauty -Ugliness,  Breadth -Nar- 
rowness, Greatness -Littleness,  Proportion- 
Deformity. 

gaunt'-let.  Iron  glove.  Attack-Defense,  Dress- 
Undress;  fling  down  the  gauntlet,  Defiance;  take 
up  the  gauntlet,  Strife-Peace. 

Gau'-ta-ma.      An     old     Vedic     race.      Revelation- 

PSEUDOREVELATION. 

gauze.  Open-woven  cloth.  Diaphaneity -Opales- 
cence, Luminary-Shade. 

gav'-el.  A  small  hammer  used  by  a  presiding  officer. 
Price-Discount. 

gav'-el-kind" .  Peculiar  tenure  of  land.  Participa- 
tion. 

gav'-el-ock.     Crowbar.     Instrument. 

gav'-ot.     1  Lively    French    dance.     Entektainment- 

ga-votte'.j      Weariness. 

gawk'-y.  Awkward.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness. 

gay.  Bright;  merry.  Color- Achromatism,  Em- 
bellishment-Disfigurement, Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Pomp,  Purity-Impurity;  gay  as  a  lark, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection;  gay  world,  Society- 

LUDICROUSNESS. 

gaze.     To  look  attentively.     Sight-Blindness. 
.  ga-ze'-bo.     Summer-house  having  an  extended  view. 
Sight-Blindness. 

ga-zelle'.     A  kind  of  antelope.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

ga-zette'.  Newspaper.  Mark -Obliteration,  Pub- 
licity-Mystery; in  the  gazette,  Settlement-De- 
fault. 

ga"-zet'-ted.  Published  in  the  gazette.  Settlement- 
Default. 

gaz-et-teer' .  Geographical  dictionary ;  news  -  writer. 
Enlightenment  -  Secrecy,  Mark  -  Obliteration, 
Record. 


ga'-zing-stock".  Something  gazed  at.  Phenom- 
ei.on,  Society-Laughingstock. 

giant,  a  pas  de  [F.]  (zhe-an',  a  pa  dc).  With  the 
stride  of  a  giant.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

ge-an"-ti-cli'-nal.     Upheaval  of  earth.     Geology. 

gear.  Clothes;  implements.  Dress -Undress,  In- 
strument; in  gear,  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion;  out  of  gear,  Organization-Disorganiza- 
tion, Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Regularity- 
Irregularity,  Union-Disunion,  Usefulness-Use- 
lessness. 

geese.  Plural  of  goose.  All  his  geese  are  swans,  Over- 
valuation-Undervaluation. 

Ge-hen'-na.     Hell.     Heaven-Hell. 

geist  [G.]  (gaist).     Spirit.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

gelasma,  anenihmon  [Gr.]  (gel'-as-ma,  a-nc'-rith- 
mon).  Innumerable  laughter,  said  of  the  waver,  cf 
the  ocean.  [^Eschylus,  Prometheus  Vtnctus,  90.] 
River-Wind. 

gel'-a-tin.  Substance  obtained  from  animal  tissue. 
Viscidity-Foam. 

gel-at'-i-nous.     Like  gelatin.     Viscidity-Foam. 

geld.  To  castrate.  Addition-Subtraction,  Might- 
Impotence. 

geld'-ing.  A  castrated  horse.  Conveyer,  Male- 
Female. 

gel'-id.     Coldness.     Heat-Cold. 

ge-los'-co-py.     Divination  by  the  laugh.     Prophecy. 

gem.  Precious  stone.  Goodness-Badness,  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement. 

gem'-i-nate.   Coming  in  pairs.    Doubling-Halving. 

gem"-i-na'-tion.  The  act  of  doubling.  Astronomy, 
Biology,  Doubling-Halving. 

Gem'-i-ni.  A  constellation;  the  Twins.  Duality; 
O  Gemini!  Astonishment-Expectance. 

ge-mot'.     Public  meeting.     Gathering-Scattering. 

gendarme  [F.]  (zhenr-darm').  Uniformed  and  armed 
policeman.    Belligerent,  Judicature. 

gen'-der.  A  grammatical  distinction  expressing  the 
natural  distinction  of  sex.  Division,  Noun;  femi- 
nine gender,  Noun  ;  masculine  gender,  Noun  ;  neuter 
gender,  Noun. 

gen"-e-a-log'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  genealogy.  Eth- 
nology. 

gen"-e-al'-o-gy.  Pedigree.  Continuity-Interrup- 
tion, Parentage-Progeny. 

gen'-er-al.  Common;     the    highest    army    officer. 

Chief-Underling,  Habit-Desuetude,  Universal- 
ity-Particularity; caviare  to  the  general,  Taste 
Vulgarity;  general  breaking  up,  Health-Sickness, 
general  favorite,  Favorite-Anger;  general  informa- 
tion, Knowledge-Ignorance;  general  meaning, 
Meaning-Jargon;  general  public,  Humanity;  gen- 
eral run,  Habit-Desuetude. 

gen"-er-al-is'-si-mo.  Commander-in-chief.  Chief- 
Underling. 

gen"-er-al'-i-ty.  Majority.  Medium,  Universality- 
Particularity. 

gen'-er-al-i-za"-tion.  The  act  of  grouping  particulars 
into  a  class.  Admission-Exclusion,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct. 

gen'-er-al-ize.  To  make  general.  Universality- 
Particularity. 

gen'-er-al"-ly.     Without  detail.     Habit-Desuetude. 

gen'-er-al-ship.  Ability  as  a  military  commander. 
Conduct,  Fighting. 

gen'-er-ate.  To  produce.  Creation-Destruction, 
Fertility-Sterility. 

gen"-er-a'-tion.  The  process  of  producing.  Creation- 
Destruction,  Humanity,  Period-Progress,  Re- 
lationship-Renewal; rising  generation,  Parent- 
age-Progeny; spontaneous  generation,  Creation- 
Destruction;  wise  in  one's  generation,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 


GENERATIVE. 


444 


GENIUS. 


gen'-er-a-tive.     Possessing   power   to   produce.     Fer- 
tility-Sterility. 

gen'-er-a"-tor.     That  which  generates.     Electricity, 
Maker-Destroyer. 

ge-ner'-ic.     Wide  in  application.     Universality-Par- 
ticularity. 

GENEROSITY— FRUGALITY. 


gen"-er-os'-i-ty.  Liberality.  Benefactor-Evildoer, 
Charitableness-Malevolence,  Generosity-Fru- 
gality, Giving-Receiving,  Unselfishness-Self- 
ishness. 


iountff™'}  LiberaH^ in  bestowine  «**  °r  favors- 

Bounty.     Liberal  and  generous  giving. 

Charity*  etc.  Liberality  in  bestowing  gratuitously.  See  Chari- 
tableness. 

Generosity.  The  quality  of  giving  freely,  heartily,  and  self-sacri- 
ficingly. 

Hospitality.  Reception  and  entertainment  of  guests  or  strangers 
with  kind  and  generous  liberality. 

Liberality.  The  quality  of  being  generous,  bounteous,  and  open- 
handed. 

Munificence.     Giving  or  bestowing  with  extraordinary  liberality. 

Generosity — Verbs. 

Be  liberal,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Bleed  freely.     To  induce  to  pay  or  draw  money  from. 

Give  carte  blanche.     To  give  unlimited  authority. 

Open  one's  purse-strings,  etc.     To  disburse.     See  Outlay. 

Shower  down  upon.     To  bestow  upon  freely. 

Spare  no  expense.     Grudge  nothing. 

Spend  freely.     Be  liberal. 

Generosity — Adjectives. 

Bounteous.)  Liberal  in  bestowing  gifts  or  favors. 

Bountiful.  J 

Charitable*  etc.     Generous;  liberal  in  giving  to  the  poor.     SeeCHARi- 

tableness. 
Free.     Liberal. 

Free-handed  j  Uheral    generous. 
Free-hearted. ) 
Full-handed.     Liberal. 
Generous.     Giving  freely  and  abundantly. 
Handsome.     Large  and  liberal,  of  a  gift. 

Hospitable.     Treating  strangers  with  kindness  and  without  reward. 
Large-hearted.     Generous. 
Liberal.     Bestowing  with  a  free  hand. 
Munificent.     Very  liberal  in  giving  or  bestowing. 
Open-handed.     Giving  freely. 
Open-hearted.     Frank;  generous. 
Overpaid.     Paid  very  generously. 
Princely.     Munificent. 
Ungrudging.     Freely  giving;  liberal. 
Unsparing.     Liberal. 


FRUGALITY — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Sparing.     Parsimonious;  chary. 

Thrifty.     Thriving  by  industry  and  frugality. 

Underpaid .    Paid  too  little. 

Frugality — Adverbs. 

Ne  quid  nimis  [L.J.     Wisely  moderate. 

Sparingly,  etc.     In  a  sparing  manner.     See  Adjectives. 

Fr  ugality — Phrase. 
Adde  parum  parvo,  magnus  acervus  erit    [L.].     Add  little  to  little, 
a  great  heap  will  be. 


Care.  Watchful  regard  or  attention  with  a  view  to  safety  or  pros- 
perity. 

Economy.  Avoidance  of  all  waste  and  extravagance  in  the  manage- 
ment of  affairs ;  household  law. 

Frugality.     A  system  of  habitual  saving,  cutting  off  all  indulgences. 

Good  housewifery.     Careful  management  of  domestic  affairs. 

Husbandry.     Domestic  economy. 

Parsimony.  Excessive  and  unreasonable  saving  for  the  sake  of 
saving. 

Prevention  of  waste.     Economy. 

Retrenchment.     The  act  of  lessening  expenses. 

Savingness.     The  quality  of  being  frugal. 

Thrift.     Economical  management  seeking  to  earn  and  save. 

Thriftiness.     The  quality  of  being  thrifty. 

Frugality — Associated  Nouns. 
Cheese  parings  and  candle  ends.     Crumbs  from  cheese  cutting,  and 

small  ends  of  candles,  not  generally  used,  but  used  by  frugal 

persons. 
Economist.     One  who  manages  concerns  with  frugality. 
Saveall.     Anything  which  saves  fragments,  or  prevents  waste  or  loss; 

a  device  for  holding  the  ends  of  candles. 
Savings.     Something  kept  from  being  expended. 

Frugality — Verbs. 
Be  economical,  etc.     To  be  careful  in  management. 
Cut  one's  coat  according  to  one's  cloth.     To  live  within  one's  means. 
Economize.     To  expend  frugally. 
Feather  one's  nest.     To  provide  for  oneself. 
Husband.     To  manage  with  frugality. 

Invest  money.     To  put  money  in  a  place  where  it  yields  profit. 
Keep  within  compass.     To  keep  within  one's  limits. 
Look  after  the  main  chance.     To  seek  for  that  direction  in  which 
.  profit  seems  most  readily  obtainable. 
Make  both  ends  meet.     To  make  one's  income  suffice  without  running 

into  debt. 
Meet  one's  expenses.     To  be  able  to  pay  for  what  one  buys. 
Pay  one*s  way.     To  pay  one's  expenses. 

Provide  against  a  rainy  day.  1  Tq  for  f  adversit 

Provide  for  a  rainy  day.       ) 

Put  out  to  interest.     To  loan  money  for  a  fixed  price. 
Retrench.     To  lessen,  as  one's  expenses. 
Save.     To  be  economical. 

Save  against  a  rainy  day.)  To   make  preparations  for  a  day  of  ad- 
Save  for  a  rainy  day.  J       versity. 
Save  money.     To  put  aside  money. 

Frugality — Adjectives. 

Careful.     Provident;  giving  good  heed. 
Chary.     Not  liberal. 

Economical}  Mana«inK  with  frugality. 
Frugal.     Saving  unnecessary  expense. 

Parsimonious,  etc.  Excessively  frugal.  See  Extravagance-Ava- 
rice. 


Saving.) 
Spare.  J 


Frugal;  economical. 

(Continued  cm  Column  i .) 


gen'-er-ous.  Kind;  plentiful.  Generosity-Frugal- 
ity,    HuMANITARIANISM-MlSANTHROPY,     UNSELFISH- 

ness-Selfishness. 

gen'-e-sis.  Beginning.  Beginning-End,  Creation- 
Destruction,  Rationale-Luck. 

gen'-et.     A  small  Spanish  horse.     Conveyer. 

ge-net'-ic.  Pertaining  to  creation.  Creation-De- 
struction. 

ge'-ni-al.  Pleasant.  Creation-Destruction,  Heat- 
Cold,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Readiness- 
Reluctance,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

ge"-ni-al'-i-ty.  State  of  being  genial.  Lightheart- 
et>ness-Dejection,  Readiness-Reluctance. 


ge-nic'-u-la"-ted.  Having  knee-like  protuberances. 
Angularity. 

gen'-i-tal.  Pertaining  to  animal-generation.  Cre- 
ation-Destruction. 

gen'-i-tive.  Case  in  grammar  denoting  the  relation 
indicated  in  English  by  the  possessive,  or  the  prepo- 
sition of.     Noun. 

gen'-i-tor.     Progenitor.     Parentage-Progeny. 

gen'-i-ture.     Birth.     Creation-Destruction. 

ge'-nius.  Exceptional  ability.  Adept-Bungler, 
Mind-Imbecility,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness;  evil  genius,  Jove-Fiend;  genius  for, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;     genius   loci,    Security-In- 


GENIUS. 


445 


GENTILITY— COMMONALTY. 


security;    genius  of  a  language,  Language;    good 

fenius,  Benefactor  -  Evildoer,  Friend -Foe, 
ove-Fiend;  tutelary  genius,  Antagonist-Assist- 
ant. 

ggnossen  ich  habe,  das  irdische  Gluck,  ich  habe  gelebt 
und  geliebet  [G.]  (ge-nos'-sen  ih  ha'-be,  das  ir-dish'-e 
gliik,  iH  ha'-be  ge-lebt'  unt  ge-li'-bet) .  I  have  tasted 
the  good  of  earth,  I  have  lived  and  loved.  Con- 
tentedness-Discontentment. 

genn[F.]  (zhan'r).  Any  art  illustrating  common  life. 
Painting. 

gens  de  meme  jamille  [F.]  (zhan'  de  m£m  fa-mly'). 
"  Birds  of  a  feather."     Likeness-Unlikeness. 


gent.  Gentleman.  Gentility-Commonalty,  Taste- 
Vulgarity. 

gen-teel'.  Well-bred.  City,  Gentility-Commonalty, 
Society-Ludicrousness;  genteel  comedian,  Acting; 
genteel  comedy,  Acting. 

gen'-tile.  A  person  not  a  Jew.  Godliness-Disbelief, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

gentilhomme  [F.]  (zhan'-ti-yom').  Gentleman.  Male- 
Female,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

gen'-til-ism.     Paganism.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

gen-til'-i-ty.  State  of  being  genteel.  Gentility- 
Commonalty,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Society- 
Ludicrousness. 


GENTILITY— COMMONALTY. 


Aristocracy.  A  government  of  the  best;  a  privileged  order  con- 
trolling a  State. 

Baronetcy.     The  title  and  dignity  of  a  baronet. 

Birth.     Inherited  rank  or  social  standing;  good  family. 

Condition.  Grade  or  rank;  high  or  comparatively  high  social  stand- 
ing. 

Dignity.  Elevated  office,  giving  a  high  rank  in  society;  title  of  a 
nobleman. 

Distinction.     Eminence ;  elevation  of  rank  in  society. 

Donship.     The  quality  or  rank  of  a  gentleman  or  knight. 

Gentility.     Good  extraction ;  dignity  of  birth. 

Haut  monde  [F.].     The  high  world ;  the  upper  ranks  of  society. 

High  descent.     Noble  extraction;  lofty  lineage. 

High  life.     Upper  position  in  society;  high  social  state. 

Knighthood.     The  order  or  fraternity  of  knights. 

Marquisate.     The  dignity  or  lordship  of  a  marquis. 

Nobility.     Those  who  hold  patents  of  peerage. 

Noblesse  [F.].     Persons  of  noble  rank  collectively. 

Optimacy.     A  noble  or  privileged  class. 

Order.     Social  position  as  a  basis  of  distinction ;  a  class  of  persons. 

Peerage.     The  body  of  peers ;  the  rank  of  a  peer. 

Quality.     Social  status ;  persons  of  rank  collectively. 

Queenhood.     The  state,  character,  or  dignity  suitable  for  a  queen. 

Queenliness.  Stateliness;  the  quality  of  having  the  bearing  of  a 
queen. 

Rank.     Station  in  society ;  high  degree  or  position. 

Gentility — Figurative. 

Blood.     High  birth;  good  extraction. 

"Every  inch  a  king."  Noble  and  stately.  [Shakespeare.  Lear,  IV,  vi.] 

Magni  nominis  umbra  [L.].     The  shadow  of  a  great  name,  Pompey. 

[Lucian,  i,  13s.] 
Pur  sang  [F.].     Pure  blood ;  of  noble  birth. 

Gentility — Denotations. 

Better  sort.     Superiors  in  social  rank. 

£lite  [F.].     The  select  circle. 

Fashionable  world.     The  people  of  polite  society. 

Sren«t^>ersonsofBood£amily- 

-.  ,  T      ,     /"One  of  the  legislative  bodies  of  the  British  Govern- 

House  of  Lords.  1      . ,    -  „*„,»««  „,u„ *,.,,„„„  u*~,ai 


House  of  Peers 


-<      ment,  composed  of  members  who  have  an  heredi- 


*  l     tary  title  to  their  seats. 
Lords  spiritual  and  temporal.     The  House  of  Lords  of  England,  made 

up  of  members  holding  seats  by  virtue  of  their  clerical  offices,  and 

those  holding  by  hereditary  title. 
Magnates.     Men  of  high  rank  and  wealth. 
Notabilities.     Persons  of  note. 
Notables.     Members  of  the  nobility. 
Optimates  [L. ].     The  nobility  of  ancient  Rome. 
Primates.     Persons  ot  highest  rank  and  importance. 
Squirearchy.     English  country  gentlemen  collectively. 

Upper  classes.  j  persons    £  the  higher  ranks  of  society. 

Upoer  ten  thousand,  > 

Gentility — Associated  Nouns. 

Aristocrat.     One  of  a  select  governing  class. 

Big-wig.     A  person  of  importance,  like  judgeswho  wore  official  wigs. 

Celebrity.     A  distinguished  or  famous  person. 

Don.     Spanish  title  of  nobil;  ty;  a  general  title  of  respect. 

Gentleman.     A  well-bred  and  honorable  man. 

Gentry.     Persons  possessed  of  landed  property. 

Grandee  [Sp.].     A  Spanish  nobleman;  a  man  of  great  rank. 

Great  man.     A  man  of  eminence. 

Hidalgo  [Sp.l     A  nobleman  of  the  lowest  class. 


Bourgeoisie  [F.).     The  middle  classes  of  a  country. 

Commonalty.     The  common  people;  the  lower  classes. 

Democracy.     A  government  in  which  the  people  collectively  rule. 

Demos  [Gr.].     The  people;  the  mass. 

Hoi  polloi  [Or ."].     The  commonalty;  multitude. 

Obscurity.     State  of  being  unknown  to  fame;  common  existence. 

Proletariat  [F.].     The  laboring  classes;  the  workingmen. 

Commonalty — Associated  Nouns. 

Barbarism.     Rudeness  of  manner. 

Barbarity.     The  conduct  or  breeding  of  uncivilized  persons. 

Barbarousness.     State  of  being  rude  and  uncultivated. 

Canaille  [F.J.     The  rabble. 

Chaff.     The  lowest,  worthless  class  of  people. 

Common  herd.     People  outside  the  ranks  of  polite  society. 

DreEs  of  the^eo'  le  }  The  coarse-  ""trained  class  of  people. 

Fcex  populi  [L.3.     The  dregs  of  the  people. 

Great  unwashed.     The  careless,  unrefined  class  of  people. 

Hestemi  Quirites  [L.].     Romans  of  yesterday. 

Hoc  genus  omne  [L.J.     All  of  this  sort. 

Horde.     The  great  mass  of  people. 

Humbler  classes. \  The  mass  of  people  below  the  ranks  of  wealth  and 

Humbler  orders.  )       polite  society. 

Ignobile  vulgus  [L.].     The  rude  multitude. 

Low  company. 


Low  condition. 
Low  life. 
Low  society. 
Lower  classes. 
Lower  orders. 


The  common  people. 


The  mass  of  people  below  the  ranks  of  polite  society, 
Mass  of  ?&«.}  ™«  '<—*  —  °f  ^- 


Mass 
Mob. 


;  people 
The  lowest  classes  of  people. 


No  one  knows.  }  people  of  little  account. 

No  one  knows  who. ) 

Pantisocracy.     The  government  of  all  by  all. 
Pessoribus  orti  [L.||.     People  of  low  birth. 
Profanum  vulgus  [L-0-     The  common  people. 

Rabb!erout.}Thel°WerC,aSSOfpe°Ple- 

Rank  and  file.     The  whole  body  of  common  people. 

Sum  o°f  tSheC  people.  I  The  **°^  beI™ the  ™ks  °f  *«•»*  ~** 
Riffraff.     The  common  people:  used  contemptuously. 
Rout.     A  miscellaneous  crowd  of  people. 
Scum  of  society.      j  ^    j         t  c]asses  of  the  people. 
Scum  of  the  people  J  ^ 

Small  fry.     People  not  considered  in  polite  society 
Swinish  multitude.     The  uneducated,  unrefined  class  of  people. 
Tag,  rag,  and  bobtail.     The  rabble. 
The  crowd. 
The  general. 
The  many. 
The  masses. 
The  million. 
The  mobility. 
The  multitude, 
The  peasantry, 
The  people. 
The  populace.    J 

Vermin.     Low,  disreputable  persons- 
Vulgar  herd.     The  unrefined  people. 


The  main  body  of  people  as  distinguished  fro.n  the 
rulers  or  influential  classes. 


GENTILIT/. 


446 


GENTILITY— COMMONALTY. 


GENTILITY—  COMMONALTY— Continued. 


a   conspicuous 


GENTILITY — Associated  Novns— Continued. 

Laureate.     A  poet  publicly  crowned  with  laurel  in  recognition  of 

merit;  the  royal  poet  in  England. 
Lord.     A  general  title  of  nobility  in  Great  Britain. 
Magnate.     A  man  of  rank  and  wealth. 
Magnifico  [It.].     A  noble  of  Venice. 
Man  of  distinction.     A  man  who  has  attained  eminence. 
Man  of  mark.     A  notable  man. 
Man  of  rank.     A  man  of  lofty  position. 
Noble.     A  person  of  rank  above  a  commoner. 
Nobleman.     A  titled  gentleman. 
Patrician.     In  ancient  Rome,  one  of  the  nobility. 
Peer.     A  nobleman;  a  member  of  the  House  of  Lords. 

Personage  of  distinction.  \  A      ,-  ..        ■  ,     , 
n  6      -         ,  A    distinguished    person; 

Personage  of  mark.  V     charac*er 

Personage  of  rank.  ) 

Squire.  An  English  landed  proprietor  of  long  standing. 
Star.  One  who  is  conspicuous  in  a  calling  or  profession. 
Swell.     A  foppish  fellow ;  a  dandy. 

Three-tailed  bashaw.     One  of  the  highest  Turkish  dignitaries  who  is 
distinguished  by  three  horse-tails  waving  from  his  lance. 

Gentility — Diminutive  Nouns. 

Lordling.     A  little  lord ;  a  would-be  lord.  • 

Squireen.     A  small  proprietor,  or  somewhat  independent    tenant, 
with  a  long  lease. 

Gentility — Nouns  of  Titles. 

Ameer.     The  sovereign  of  Afghanistan. 

Armiger.     An  armor-bearer. 

Atheling.     A  young  Saxon  noble. 

Banneret.     A  knight,  because  of  a  display  of  valor,  permitted  to  use 
his  pennon  as  a  banner. 

Baron.     A  rank  of  nobility  next  to  a  viscount. 

Baroness.     The  wife  of  a  baron. 

Baronet.     The  title  next  below  a  baron. 

Begum.     A  woman  of  rank  in  India. 

Boyar.     A  Russian  nobleman. 

Count.     A  foreign  title  of  nobility  answering  to  English  earl. 

Countess,  etc.     Wife  of  a  count,  and  in  some  cases  the  daughter  of 
one. 

Dame.     A  woman  of   high    social  position;    a  married   or  mature 
woman. 

Duchess.     Wife  or  widow  of  a  duke,  or  the  sovereign  of  a  duchy. 

Duke.     An  English  peer  of  the  highest  rank  above  a  marquis  or  a 
bishop. 

Earl.     A  member  of  the  British  nobility  next  above  a  viscount  and 
below  a  marquis. 

Earldom.     Dignity  or  lands  of  an  earl. 

Earlship.     Office  of  an  earl. 

Effendi.     A  Turkish  title  of  respect  corresponding  to  Sir  or  Mr. 

Emir.     A  title  of  dignity  among  the  Turks  and  Arabs;  a  descendant 
of  Mohammed. 

Esquire.     Armor-bearer  of  a  knight;  a  title  of  dignity. 

King,  etc.     The  male  ruler  of  a  kingdom;  a  sovereign.     See  Chief. 

Knight.     A  title  next  below  that  of  a  baronet;  a  young  man  admit- 
ted to  the  privilege  of  bearing  arms. 

Lady.     Wife  of  a  titled  gentleman;  the  title  of  the  daughters  of  peers 
of  the  first  three  grades. 

Laird  [Scot.].     Alord;  a  proprietor  of  a  landed  estate. 

Marchioness.     Wife  of  a  marquis. 

Margrave.     Formerly  a  governor  of  a  German  border,  now  a  noble- 
man corresponding  to  the  English  marquis. 

Marquis.     A  titled  nobleman  next  in  rank  below  a  duke. 

Prince.     A  sovereign  of  a  state  or  territory ;  son  of  a  king  or  emperor. 

Princess.     Wife  of  a  prince ;  daughter  of  a  king. 

Sahib.     Master;  lord;  in  India,  a  white  man. 

Scherif.     Title  given  to  descendants  of  Mohammed  through  AH  and 
Fatima;  given  also  to  chiefs  of  Mecca  and  Medina. 

Seignior.     A  lord,  used  in  countries  of  Southern  Europe. 

Signor.     An  Italian  title  equivalent  to  Sir  or  Mr. 

Thane.     Originally  a  warrior  companion  of. a  king  or  chief;  later  a 
freeman  possessed  of  some  property. 

Vavasour.     The  rank  of  a  principal  vassal  next  below  a  baron. 

Viscount.     A  titted  nobleman  below  an  earl  and  above  a  baron. 

Waldgrave.     A  title  of  German  nobilitv. 

Gentility — Verbs, 
Be  noble,  etc.     To  be  high  in  excellence  or  worth;  be  exalted  in  rank. 
See  Adjectives. 

Gentility — Adjectives. 
Aristocratic.     Very  dignified;   haughty;   connected  with  the  upper 
classes. 


Commonalty — Figurative  Nouns. 

Boeotian.     Dull  fellow.     [From  Bceotia,  despised  at  Athens.] 

Brown,  Jones,  and  Robinson.     Middle  class  people. 

Cinderella.     Down-trodden  worth ;  the  heroine  of  a  fairy  tale. 

Goth.     One  destitute  of  taste  for  the  fine  arts- 

Hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of  water.     Laborers  of  the  lowest  class 

Hottentot.     A  savage  or  brutal  man. 

King  Mob.     The  common  crowd. 

Mr.  Snooks.     Typical  name  of  a  man  of  the  middle  class  in  Englandt 

Philistine.  According  to  Matthew  Arnold,  the  middle  class  o£ 
England  who  are  ignorant  and  narrcw-minded.    [Bible] 

Rough  diamond.  A  person  of  intrinsic  worth  under  a  rude  exterior- 
Tony  Lumpkin.  In  Goldsmith's  She  Stoops  to  Conquer,  an  igno- 
rant and  noisy  country  squire. 

Vandal.  Ruthless  plunderer;  one  who  wilfully  destroys  monuments 
of  art  and  literature. 

Yahoo.  A  person  of  low  and  vicious  instincts.  [Swift,  Gulliver's 
Travels.] 

Zulu.     An  uneducated,  unrefined  person,  a  South  African  native. 

Commonalty — Representative  Nouns 

Adventurer.     One  who  takes  risks,  an  unprincipled  schemer. 

Barbarian.     Rude,  uncultured  person. 

Beggar.     One  who  is  poor  and  asks  charity. 

Bog-trotter.  One  who  trots  over  bogs;  contemptuously  applied  to 
Irish  peasantry. 

Boor.     A  rustic;  an  ill-mannered,  coarse  man. 

Boots.  An  under-servant  in  a  hotel,  youngest  officer  at  a  regimental 
mess. 

Bourgeois  [F.].     A  townsman,  a  tradesman. 

Bourgeois  gentilhomme  [F.].      Burgher  turned  gentleman.     [Moliere.') 

Bumpkin.     Awkward  country  fellow,  stupid  peasant. 

Cad.     A  snob  or  vulgar  person. 

Caitiff.     A  base,  mean,  wicked  wretch. 

Carle.     A  bondman;  a  rude,  rough  man. 

Chawbacon.     A  country  lout;  a  bumpkin. 

Chiffonnier  [F.].     A  rag-picker 

Chuff.     A  surly  man;  a  coarse,  fat-cheeked  fellow. 

Churl.     A  low-bred,  surly  fellow;  a  rustic. 

Cinder-wench.     A  woman  who  rakes  into  heaps  of  ashes  for  cinders. 

Clod.     A  dull,  stupid  fellow. 

Clod-hopper.     A  plowman;  rustic;  lout. 

Clown.     A  fool  or  jester;   a  countryman. 

Cockney.  One  having  certain  peculiarities  of  uneducated  Lon- 
doners;  a  milksop. 

Commoner.     One  under  the  rank  of  nobility. 

Countryman.     One  living  in  the  country;  a  rustic. 

Cub.     A  boy  or  girl,  in  contempt ;  ill-mannered  youth. 

Curmudgeon.     One  who  is  miserly  or  churlish. 

Demi-monde  [F.].      A  genteel  name  for  the  select  class  of  prostitutes. 

Democrat.     A  friend  to  popular  government. 

Epicier  [F.J.     Grocer;  chandler. 

Fellah.     In  Egypt,  Syria,  etc.,  a  peasant. 

Gaberlunzie.     A  privileged  beggar.     [Scot.] 

Gaffer.     An  old  countryman;  a  foreman  of  laborers. 

Gamin  [F.J.     An  idle  street-boy. 

Gent.  One  who  has  the  vulgar  show  but  not  the  qualifications  of  a 
gentleman. 

Gossoon.     In  Ireland,  a  big.  clumsy  boy. 

Grisette[F.}.  Tradesman's  wife  or  daughter;  a  Parisian  working 
girl 

Groundling.     A  spectator  in  a  theater  pit;  a  base  person. 

Hind.     A  servant;   husbandman;   peasant. 

Hobnail.     A  clownish  person;  in  contempt. 

Jade.     A  vicious  woman;  hussy;  wench. 

Kern.     An  idle  person  or  vagabond;  a  cateran. 

Longshoreman.  A  stevedore;  one  who  lives  near  water,  existing  by 
fishing,  etc. 

Looby.     A  dull,  lazy  fellow;  a  clumsy  person. 

Loon.     A  stupid  person;   good-for-nothing  fellow. 

Lout.     An  awkward,  ungainly  fellow. 

Low  fellow.     A  coarse,  uneducated,  vicious  person 

Man  of  straw.  One  employed  as  an  irresponsible  tool  or  as  a  fraudu- 
lent surety. 

Muckworm.     A  miser. 

Moujik.     A  Russian  peasant. 

Mudlark.     One  who  cleans  sewers;  a  dirty  child. 

Mushroom.  An  upstart;  one  of  low  origin  who  suddenly  become? 
prominent. 

Nobody.     A  person  of  no  importance. 

Novus  homo  [L.J.  Among  Romans  one  who  has  come  into  promi- 
nence from  obscurity. 


GENTILITY— COMMONALTY. 


447 


GENTLEFOLK. 


GENTILITY— COMMONALTY— Continued. 


GENTILITY— Adjectives— Continued. 

Comme  it  faut  [P.].     As  it  should  be. 

Courtly,  etc.     Elegant  in  manners;  befitting  a  court. 

Exalted.     Elevated  in  position  or  rank. 

Genteel.     Well-bred  or  refined. 

Gentlemanlike.     Befitting  a  gentleman ;  courteous. 

High-born.     Of  lofty  descent. 

High  caste.     One  of  patrician  birth. 

Highly  respectable.     Worthy  of  esteem  and  honor. 

Noble.     Exalted  in  rank;  most  worthy. 

Of  gentle  blood.     Descended  from  noble  stock. 

Of  rank,  etc.     Of  eminence  or  dignity.     See  Nouns. 

Patrician.     Of  rroble  or  aristocratic  lineage. 

Princely.     Like  a  prince;  royal;  dignified. 

Titled.     Having  a  title,  as  of  nobility. 

Well-born.     Not  of  mean  or  common  birth. 

Gentility — Adverb. 
In  high  quarters.     In  aristocratic  circles. 

Gentility — Phrase. 
Ich  dicn  [G.].     I  serve.     [Motto  of  the  Prince  of  Wales.] 


See  Society. 


Of  low  and  humble  birth. 


COMMONALTY — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Homely.     Plain;   not  polished. 

Homespun.     Plain  in  manner  or  style;  not  elegant. 

Ignoble.     Of  low  birth  or  family;  base. 

Loutish.     Clumsy;  awkward. 

Low.     Mean  or  humble  in  rank;  unrefined. 

Low-born.     Born  in  humble  life. 

Low-minded.     Mean  in  mind  or  disposition. 

Mean.     Of  humble  antecedents;  worthy  of  no  respect. 

Menial.     Pertaining  to  servants;  servile. 

Mushroom.     Resembling  a  mushroom ;  upstarting. 

No  great  shakes,  etc.     Nothing  extraordinary;  of  little  worth.     See 

Consequence-Insignificance. 
Obscure.     Of  humble  condition;  lowly. 
Of  low  extraction. 
Of  low  origin. 
Of  low  parentage. 
Of  mean  extraction. 
Of  mean  origin. 
Of  mean  parentage. 
Plebeian.     Relating  to  the  common  people. 

Proletarian.     Pertaining  to  the  lower  or  lowest  classes  of  society. 
Raffish.     Resembling  the  rabble;  worthless. 
Risen  from  the  ranks.     Ascended  into  prominence  from  among  the 

lowly. 
Rude.     Coarse  in  manners  or  behavior. 
Rustic.     Pertaining  to  the  country;  plain;  untaught. 
Scrubby.     Small  and  mean;  inferior. 
Snobbish.     Pertaining  to  a  snob. 
Sorry.     Poor;  mean;  worthless. 
Subaltern.     Inferior;   subordinate. 
Uncivilized.     Lacking  refinement;  coarse. 
Underling.     Low;  inferior. 
Unknown  to  fame.     Not  known  to  the  world. 
Unlicked.     Rough;  uncultured. 

Untitled.     Not  having  a  name  of  distinction  or  dignity. 
Vile.     Of  little  worth;  base;  depraved. 
Vulgar.     Pertaining  to  common  people;  inelegant. 


COMMONALTY — Representative  Noun: — Continued. 

One  of  the  people.     One  who  sympathizes  with  the  masses. 
Pariah.     An  outcast;  one  despised  by  society. 
Parvenu  [P.].     One  newly  riser!  into  notice  or  power. 
Peasant.     Rural  laborer ;  a  rustic;  a  swain. 
Plebeian.     One  of  the  common  people. 
Plowboy.     One  who  assists  in  plowing;  a  country  boy. 
Plowman.     One  who  manages  a  plow;  a  rustic. 
Pot-walloper.     One  who  cleans  kitchen  vessels,  etc.;  scullion. 
Prolitaire  [P.],     One  whose  only  capital  is  his  labor. 
Proletary.     A  common  person;  one  of  the  lower  orders. 
Put.     A  rustic;  a  clown. 
Raff.     A  rowdyish  person. 

Ragamuffin.     A  worthless  or  ragged  fellow;  a  vagabond. 
Republican.     One  of  the  great  community  of  persons. 
Roturier  [F.].     A  person  without  rank;  a  plebeian. 
Rough.     A  rude  and  violent  person;  a  ruffian. 
Rustic.     An  inhabitant  of  the  country- 
Ryot.     In  India,  a  farmer;  peasant. 

Sans  culotte  [F.].     A  revolutionary  anarchist;  a  communist. 
Savage.     An  uncivilized  person;  a  fierce,  merciless  being. 
Scrub.     One  who  labors  hard  and  lives  meanly;  a  sorry  fellow. 
Serf.     One  attached  to  the  soil  and  transferred  with  it;    loosely 

a  peasant. 
Skip-jack.     An  upstart;  a  lackey. 
Slubberdegullion.     A  mean,  base  wretch. 

Snob.     One  who  apes  gentility;  a  scab,  said  of  a  workingman. 
Swain.     A  rustic  gallant;  a  lover. 

Tatterdemalion.     A  ragged,  dirty  fellow;  a  ragamuffin. 
Tike.     An  uncouth  fellow. 

Tiller  of  the  soil.     A  farmer;  a  hard-working  man. 
Tramp.     An  idle  wanderer;  a  vagrant. 
Tyke.     A  selfish,  snarling  fellow;  a  vulgar  person. 
Underling.     An  inferior  person  or  agent;  a  mean  fellow. 
Unlicked  cub.     Unmannerly  or  uncultivated  person;  raw. 
Upstart.     One  who  puts  on  an  arrogant  tone  or  bearing. 
Vagabond.     One  without  a  settled  home;  a  wanderer;  a  vagrant. 

Villein!  ^  memDer  °f  the  lowest  order  of  persons  who  were  not  free 
Vulgar  fellow.     One  of  the  common  people. 
Yokel.     A  countryman;  a  bumpkin. 

Commonalty— .A  (^ecJuw. 

Barbaresque.     Barbaric  in  form  or  style. 

Barbarian.     Uncivilized  and  cruel. 

Barbaric.     Destitute  of  refinement. 

Barbarous.     Wild;  brutal;  savage. 

Base.     Of  bumble  or  ignoble  birth;  of  low  station 

Base-born.     Born  out  of  wedlock. 

Beggarly.     Miserably  poor;  mean;  sordid. 

Below  par.     Inferior  in  position  or  rank. 

Boorish.     Awkward  and  rude  in  manners. 

Born  within  sound  of  Bow-bells.     Having  the  characteristics  of  a 

cockney. 
Brutish.     Like  a  beast;  ferocious. 
Churlish.     Like  a  churl;  rude;  sordid. 

Coarse  and  ill-bred. 

Related  to  or  like  a  vulgar  Londoner. 

Commonplace;   vulgar;   coarse;    low. 

Sprung  from  the  dunghill;   base;   mean. 


Clownish. 
Cockney. 
Common. 
Dunghill. 

Earth-born . 


Mean  or  ignoble. 

{Continued  on  Column  i.) 


Commonalty — Verbs. 
Barbarize.     To  make  barbarous.  be  low-born. 

Be  ignoble*  etc.     Be  unworthy  or  degraded  in  character  or  purpose;        Be  nobody,  etc. 


See  Adjectives. 

Be  a  person  of  no  importance. 


See  Nouns. 


Commonalty — Adverb. 
Below  the  salt.     Those  beyond  the  saltcellar  at  table;  interior  in  rank. 

Commonalty — Phrases. 
Dummode  sit  dives  Barbarus  ipse  placet   [L.].     Provided  only  he  is        Fruges  consumere  nati  [L.J, 


rich,  a  very  barbarian  pleases.   [Ovid,  Art  of  Love,  2,  276.] 
Filius  terra  [L.J.     Son  of  the  soil.     [Perseus,  6,  57. | 


Born  to  consume  the  fruits 
Epistles,  1,  2,  27.] 
Giuoco  di  mono,  giuoco  di  villano  [It. J 
of  low  folks. 


[Horace, 
Practical  jokes  are  the  jokef 


of 


gentium,    jus    [L.]     (jen'-shi-um,    jus).      The    law 

nations.     Law-Lawlessness. 
gen'-tle.  Mild.  Excitability-Inexcitability, 

Harshness  -  Mildness,  Loudness  -  Faintness; 

Swiftness  -  Slowness,       Turbulence  -  Calmness, 


gentle  blood,  Excitability-Inexcitability;    gentle 
hint,  Enlightenment-Secrecy;    gentle  slope,  Par- 
allelism-Inclination. 
gen'-tle-folk".    Well-bred  people.   Gentility-Common- 
alty. 


GENTLEMAN. 


448 


GESTATION. 


gen'-tle-man.  A  well-bred  man.  Gentility-Common- 
alty, Male-Female,  Uprightness-Dishonesty; 
gentleman  of  the  press,  Missive-Publication;  the 
old  gentlemap,  Angel-Satan;  walking  gentleman, 
Acting. 

gen'-tle-man-like.  Gentlemanly.  Gentility-Common- 
alty, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

gen'-tle-man-Ii-ness.  The  conduct  or  character  of  a 
gentleman.     Society-Ludicrousness. 

gen'-tle-man-ly.  Acting  like  a  gentleman.  Society- 
Ludicrousness. 

Geii-too'.     A  Hindu.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

gen'-try.  People  of  good  birth.  Gentility-Common- 
alty; landed  gentry,  Holder. 

gen"-u-flec'-tion.  Bending  of  the  knee.  Devotion- 
Idolatry,  Elevation-Depression,  Politeness- 
Impoliteness,  Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Re- 
gard-Disrespect, Yielding. 

gen'-u-ine.  Not  counterfeit.  Goodness-Badness, 
Nature-Art,  Truth-Error. 

gen'-u-ine-ness.  Quality  of  being  genuine.  Nature-Art. 

genus  irritabilj  vaium  [L.]  (ji'-nus  ir-ri-tab'-i-li  ve'- 
tum).    The  irritable  tribe  of  bards.     Poetry-Prose. 

ge'-o-de'-sia.     Same  as  geodesy.      Mensuration. 

ge-od'-e-sy.  Determination  of  size  and  figure  of  the 
earth.    Mensuration,  Universe. 

ge"-o-det'-i-cal.   Pertaining  to  geodesy.    Mensuration. 

ge"-o-det'-ics.    Same  as  geodesy.    Mensuration. 

ge-og'-e-ny.  The  study  of  the  formation  of  the  earth. 
Mensuration. 

ge-og'-ra-phy.  Description  of  the  earth.  Ethnology, 
Position. 

ge-ol'-o-gy.  Science  of  the  structure  of  the  earth. 
Geology,  Organization-Inorganization. 

GEOLOGY. 

Geology.     The  science  that  treats  of  the  structure  and  constitution 

of  the  globe,  of  the  action  of  its  physical  forces,  and  the  history  of 

its  structural  development. 

Geology — Associated  Words. 
Algonkian.     A  stratum  of  the  earth's  crust. 

Anticline.     Bend  in  stratified  rock  with  the  convex  side  upward. 
Argillaceous.     Of  the  nature  of  clay. 

Bad  lands.     Waste  lands  of  horizontal  strata  curiously  eroded. 
Basin.     Oval  or  round  depression  in  the  land. 
Breccia.     Angular  fragments  of  rock  cemented  together. 
Cambrian  period.      Period  during  which  some  of  the  lowest  strata  of 

rock  were  formed. 
Carboniferous    period.      Period    characterized    by    luxuriant    land- 
vegetation. 
Cleavage.     Division  of  rock  into  layers  parallel  or  transverse  to  the 

plane  of  bedding. 
Conglomerate.     Rocks  composed  of  rounded  fragments  cemented 

together 
Coral.     The  solid  secretion  of  certain  small  forms  of  animal  life. 
Cordillera.      The  entire  system  of  sub-parallel  mountain  range:;  that 

borders  a  continent. 
Cretaceous  period.      Period  marked  by  its  chalk  formations. 
Delta.     Deposit  at  the  mouth  of  a  river. 
Devonian  period.      Period  characterized  by  its  fish-life. 
Dike.     Mass  of   igneous   rock   which  has  intruded  into  and  fills  a 

fissure  in  other  rocks. 
Dip.     Angle  which  a  stratum  makes  with  the  horizon. 
Dome.     Large  vertical  shaft  of  a  cavern. 
Dynamical  geology.      The  study  of  the  laws  and  actions  of  agencies 

that  have  produced  geologic  changes. 
Earthquake.     Shaking  of  the  ground. 
Erosion.     The  wearing  away  of  rocks  by  water,  wind ,  etc. 
Eruption.      Emission  of  smoke,  etc.,  through  the  crust  of  the  earth ,  as 

by  a  volcano 
Fault.     A  fracture  of  strata. 

Ferruginous.     Impregnated  or  coated  with  oxide  of  iron. 
Fissility.     Quality  of  being  easily  split  in  the  direction  of  the  grain. 
Fissure.     Cleft:  a  narrow  opening 
Fold.     Bend  in  a  stratum  with  steeply  inclined  sides. 
Fossil.     Organic  body  preserved  in  solid  rock. 
Geanticlinal.     Extensive  upward  flexure  of  the  earth's  crust. 
Geyser.     Hot  spring  throwing  up  water  at  intervals. 


Glacier.     Field  o/ice  moving  slowly  down  a  slope. 
Ground-moraine.     A  deposit  of  sand  gravel  under  a  glacier. 
Igneous  rock.     Rock  formed  from  a  molten  state. 
Joint.     Plane  dividing  a  rock  transverse  to  the  bedding-plane 
Jurassic  period.     The  period  next  preceding  the  Cretaceous. 
Laccolith.     Lava  intruding  between  strata  and  lifting  the  overlyir^ 

part  into  domes. 
Lava.     Melted  rock  intruding  between  strata  or  ejected  from  the 

crust  of  the  earth. 
Lithology.     The  science  of  the  microscopic  characters  of  rocks. 
Loess.     Deposit  of  loam  in  the  Quaternary  period. 
Mesozoic  period.     Period  remarkable  for  the  production  of  reptiles. 
Metamorphism.     RecrystalHzation  of  the  constituents  of  rocks. 
Mountain  range.     Series  of  connected  mountains. 
Obsidian.     An  acid  glassy  volcanic  rock. 
Outcrop.     Stratum  sticking  out  of  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
Overlap.     The  condition  when  a  stratum  rests  on  rock  older  than  a 

stratum  immediately  beneath  the  first  stratum. 
Paleontology.     Science  of  fossil  organisms. 
Paleozoic  period.     The  period  next  beyond  the  Mesozoic,  including 

the  ages  of  amphibians,  fishes,  and  invertebrates. 
Paragenesis.     Branch  of  chemical  geology  treating  of  the  order  of 

succession  of  the  formation  of  mineral  species. 
Permian  period.     The  most  recent  division  of  the  Paleozoic  period. 
Petrology.     Science  of  rocks. 

Physiographical  geography.     Description  of  nature. 
Plication.     The  folding  of  a  stratum. 

Precambrian  period.     The  most  remote  of  the  geologic  periods. 
Pyroclastic  rocks.     Rocks  formed  from  the  fragmentary  ejecta  of 

volcanoes. 
Quaternary  period.     The  last  of  the  geologic  periods. 
Schistosity.     Quality  of  splitting  easily. 
Scoria.     Lava  of  coarse,  cellular  structure. 
Sedimentary  rocks.     Rocks  formed  by  deposits  of  sediment  from 

water. 
Shale.     Kind  of  clayey  rock  easily  split  with  the  grain. 
Stratification.     The  deposit  of  sediments  in  layers. 
Stratified  rocks.     Rocks  formed  in  layers. 
Stratum.     Layer  of  rock,  etc. 

Strike.     The  compass-course  of  any  horizontal  line  in  the  bedding- 
plane  of  a  dipping  stratum  and  at  right  angles  to  the  dip. 
Structural  geology.     Study  of  the  formation  and  arrangement  of 

rock-masses. 
Talus.     Sloping  mass  of  fallen  fragments  at  the  base  of  a  cliff. 
Terminal  moraine.     Debris  left  by  a  glacier  at  its  lower  terminus. 
Tertiary  period.     Period  between    the    Mesozoic    and    Quaternary 

periods. 
Thrust.     Crushing  of  the  pillars  in  a  mine  by  the  weight  of  the  roof. 
Topography.     The  most  important  physical  features  of  a  region. 
Triassic  period.     The  most  remote  division  of  the  Mesozoic  period. 
Volcano.     Opening  in  the  earth's  surface  throwing  out  lava. 

ge'-o-man"-cer.  One  skilled  in  geomancy.  Sooth- 
sayer. 

ge-om'-e-try.  Study  of  space  and  its  relations.  Men- 
suration, Nature-Art. 

ge"-o-pon'-ics.  The  science  of  agriculture.  Domesti- 
cation-Agriculture. 

ge"-o-ra'-ma.  A  hollow  sphere,  on  the  inside  of  which 
is  a  representation  of  the  earth.  Appearance-Dis* 
appearance. 

ge"-or'-gics.  Poems  treating  of  husbandry.  Domesti* 
cation-Agriculture. 

ge-ot'-ic.    Belonging  to  earth.    Universe. 

ger'-fal"-con.    A  large  northern  falcon.    Benefactor 
Evildoer. 

germ.  Embryo.  Beginning-End,  Cause-Effect,  De- 
sign, Preparation-Nonprepa  ration. 

ger'-man.  Having  the  same  grandparents.  Relation- 
ship; cousin  german,  Relationship. 

ger-mane'.    Pertinent.    Harmony-Discord. 

ger'-mi-nal.     Pertaining  to  a  germ.     Cause-Effect. 

ger'-mi-nate.  To  begin  to  grow.  Enlargement-Dimi- 
nution; germinate  from,  Cause-Effect. 

ger"-mi-na'-tion.  The  act  of  sprouting.  Biology, 
Enlargement-Diminution. 

ger"-ry-man'-der.  To  redistrict  unfairly;  from  Gov, 
Gerry,  Mass.  Rule-License,  Truthfulness-Fraud, 

gest.     Joke.     Action-Passiveness. 

ges-ta'-tion.  Pregnancy.  Creation-Destruction, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Transfer. 


GESTICULATE. 


449 


GINDRINKER. 


ges-tic'-u-late.    To  use  gestures  in  speaking.    Sign. 

ges-tic"-u-la'-tion.  A  motion  of  the  body  or  limbs 
intended  to  illustrate  speech.     Sign. 

ges'-ture.  Action  in  speaking.  Acting,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Sign. 

get.  To  become;  to  obtain.  Conversion,  Creation- 
Destruction,  Gain;  get  ahead,  Advance-Retro- 
gression, Increase-Decrease,  Leading-Follow- 
ing; get  a  head  of,  Supremacy-Subordinacy;  get 
along,  Admission-Expulsion,  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion; get  along  with  you,  Admission-Expulsion, 
Commission-Abrogation;  get  a  sight  of,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Sight-Blindness;  get  at,  Dis- 
covery, Gain-Loss;  get  away,  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Approach-Withdrawal;  get  back,  Advance- 
Retrogression,  Arrival-Departure,  Gain-Loss; 
get  better,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Health- 
Sickness,  Weariness-Refreshment;  get  by  heart, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  get  down,  Ascent- 
Descent,  Nutriment-Excretion;  get  for  one's 
pains,  Recompense-Punition;  get  home,  Arrival- 
Departure;  get  in,  Gathering-Scattering,  Gain- 
Loss;  get  into  harness,  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion  ;  get  into  the  way  of,  Habit-Desuetude  ;  get  into 
trouble,  Success-Failure;  get  loose,  Union-Dis- 
union; get  near,  Approach-Withdrawal;  get  off, 
Arrival-Departure,  Escape;  get  on,  Advance- 
Retrogression,  Welfare-Misfortune;  get  out, 
Admission-Expulsion,  Injection-Ejection,  Pub- 
licity; get  over,  Contentedness-Discontentment, 
Renovation-Relapse,  Success-Failure;  get  over 
the  ground,  Advance-Retrogression,  Swiftness- 
Slowness;  get  ready,  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion;  get  rid  of,  Commission-Abrogation,  Commis- 
sion-Retirement, Gain-Loss,  Release-Restraint, 
Rescue;  get  the  best  of,  Success-Failure;  get 
through,  Beginning-End,  Completion-Noncomple- 
tion,  Conduct,  Outlay-Income;  get  to,  Arrival- 
Departure,  Remoteness-Nearness;  get  together, 
Gathering-Scattering;  get  up,  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Ascent-Descent,  Education-Learning, 
Elevation-Depression,  Excitation,  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation,  Truthfulness-Falsehood;  get 
you  gone,  Admission-Expulsion. 

gew'-gaw.  Bauble.  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Taste-Vulgar- 
ity. 

gewonnen,  so  zeronnen,  wie  [G.]  (ge-von'-nen,  zo  tser- 
on'-nen,  vi).  As  won,  so  flown;  "light  come,  light 
go."  Affluence-Penury,  Extravagance-Ava- 
rice. 

gey'-ser.  A  spouting,  hot  spring.  Geology,  River- 
Wind. 

ghast'-ly.  Hideous.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Color- 
Achromatism,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

ghat.    A  mountain  pass.    Breadth-Narrowness. 

Ghet'-to.  The  Jews' quarter  of  a  city.  City,  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

ghost.  Demon.  Jove-Fiend,  Life-Corpse,  Mind- 
Imbecility,  Sight-Dimsightedness;  give  up  the 
ghost,  Life-De\th;  Holy  Ghost,  Divinity;  needs  no 
ghost  to  tell  us,  Manifestation-Latency;  pale  as  a 
ghost,  Color-Achromatism,  Sanguineness-Timid- 
ity. 

ghost'-like".    Like  a  ghost.    Beauty-Ugliness,  Jove- 

riEND. 

ghost'-ly.  Relating  to  specters.  Divinity,  Jove- 
Fiend,  Mind-Imbecility. 

ghoul.  Grave  robber.  Benefactor-Evildoer,  Jove- 
Fiend. 

ghyll.     Gully.     River-Wind. 

gi'-ant.  Person  of  great  size.  Greatness-Littlen2ss, 
Height-Lowness;  giant-like,  Greatness-Little- 
ness ;  giant  refreshed,  Strength-Weakness,  Weari- 

2Q 


ness-Refreshment;  giant's    strides,   Remoteness- 
Nearness,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

giaour.  Infidel.  Godliness-Disbelief,  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

gib'-ber.  To  talk  disconnectedly.  Speech-Inarticu- 
lateness. 

gib'-ber-ish.  Senseless  talk.  Meaning-Jargon,  Word- 
Neology. 

gib'-bet.  Gallows.  Recompense-Punition,  Recom- 
pense-Scourge. 

gib'-bet-gab"-ble.  Gabble.  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity. 

gib-bos'-i-ty.  A  round  prominence.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity. 

gib'-bous.  Irregularly  round.  Roundness,  Con- 
vexity-Concavity; gibbous  phase,  Astronomy. 

gib'-cat".  Castrated  cat.  Fauna-Flora,  Male- 
Female. 

gibe.    To  mock.    Regard-Disrespect. 

gibier  de  potence  [F.]  (zhi-bi-e'  de  po-tcurs').  Game  for 
the  gibbet.  Exculpation-Punition,  Good  Man- 
Bad  Man. 

gid'-di-ness.    Dizziness;  levity.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

gid'-dy.  Foolish.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation, Heed-Disregard,  Saneness- 
Lunacy,  Recklessness-Caution,  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

gid'-dy-brained'.  Light-headed;  silly.  Heed-Disre 
gard. 

gid'-dy-head".     Foolish  person.     Sage-Fool. 

gid'-dy-paced".    Reeling.    Agitation. 

gift.  Something  given.  Giving-Receiving,  Holding- 
Exemption,  Might-Impotence,  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness;  gift  of  the  gab,  Speech-Inarticulateness, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity;  look  a  gift-horse  in 
the  mouth,  Desire-Particularness,  Thankful- 
ness-Thanklessness 

gift'-ed.  Having  special  endowments.  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness. 

gig.     Boat.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

gi-gan'-tic.  Very  large.  Greatness-Littleness, 
Height-Lowness,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

gig'-gle.    To  titter.    Jubilation- Lamentation. 

gild.  To  cover  with  yellow  substance;  an  association. 
Association,  Beauty -Ugliness,  Blueness- 
Orange,  Cover-Lining,  Embellishment-Disfig- 
urement, Tribunal. 

gild'-hall".     Meeting-place  of  a  gild.     Market. 

gild'-ing.  Adorning.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

Gil'-e-ad.  Region  east  of  the  river  Jordan.  Balm  in 
Gilead,  Alleviation-Aggravation,  Sanguineness- 
Hopelessness. 

Giles's  Greek.     St.  Giles's  Greek.     Word-Neology. 

gill.     Ravine.     River-Wind. 

gil'-lie.     Man-servant.     Chief-Underling. 

gilt.  Gilding  material.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

gim'-bals.  Mechanism  allowing  something  to  be  hori- 
zontal under  all  conditions.  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion. 

gim'-crack".  Something  cheap.  Consequence-In- 
significance, Embellishment  -  Disfigurement, 
Society- Ludicrousness,  Strength -Weakness, 
Toughness-Brittleness. 

gim'-let.  Small  tool  for  boring.  Perforator-Stop- 
per. 

gimp.  Decorative  trimming.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Cleanness-Filthiness. 

gin.  A  trap;  a  machine;  alcoholic  drink.  Jove- 
Fiend,  Instrument,  Nutriment-Excretion,.  Tee- 
totalism-Intemperance,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

gin'-drink"-er.    One  who  drinks  gin.    Teetotalism-In- 

TEMPERANCE. 


GINGERBREAD. 


450 


GIVING— RECEIVING. 


gin'-ger-bread''.  Cake  flavored  with  ginger.  Strength- 
Weakness,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

gin'-ger-ly.  Cautiously.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness, Turbulence-Calmness. 

ging'-ham.     A  cotton  dress-goods.     Materials. 

gin -gle.     See  Jingle. 

gin'-pal"-ace.  Gaudily  furnished  barroom.  Dweller 
Habitation. 

giovine  santo,  diavolo  vecchio  [It.]  (jo-vi'-ne  san'-to, 
di-a-vo'-lo  vech'-o).  Young  saint,  old  devil.  God- 
liness-Ungodliness. 

gip'-sy.  One  of  a  certain  wandering  tribe.  Gull- 
Deceiver,  Wag,  Wayfarer-Seafarer;  gipsy  lingo, 
Word-Neology. 

gi-raffe'.    A  long-necked  animal.  Height-Lowness. 

gir'-an-dole.     Bracket-light.     Luminary-Shade. 

gir'-a-sol.     Opal.     Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

gird.  To  surround.  Environment-Interposition, 
Regard-Disrespect,  Strength- Weakness,  Union- 
Disunion;  gird  up  one's  loins,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation,  Strength- Weakness. 

gird'-er.  Supporting-beam.  Connective,  Suspen- 
sion-Support. 

gir'-dle.  That  which  encompasses.  Circle-Winding, 
Connective,  Dress-Undress,  Enclosure,  Envi- 
ronment-Interposition, Outline;  put  a  girdle 
round  the  earth,  Circuition. 

girl.     Female  child.    Infant- Veteran,  Male-Female. 

girl'-hood.     Time  of  being  a  girl.     Infancy-Age. 

girl'-ish.     Youthful.     Infant-Veteran. 

girt.     To  gird;  encircled.     Outline. 

girth.     Strap.     Connective,  Outline. 

gis-arm'.     Armor.     Weapon. 

gist.  The  principal  part.  Condition-Situation,  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Meaning-Jargon. 

git,  ci  [F.]  (zhi,  si).     Here  lies.     Life-Funeral. 

git'-tern.     Zither.     Musical  Instruments. 

giuoco  di  memo,  giuoco  di  villano  [It.]  (ju-o'-co  di 
ma'-no,  ju-o'-co  di  viWa'-no).  Practical  jokes  are- 
the  jokes  of  low  folks.  Gentility-Democracy, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

give.  To  transfer  from  one  to  another.  Giving-Re- 
ceiving,  Hardness-Softness,  Heat-Cold,  Price- 
Discount;  give  a  black  eye,  Recompense-Punition; 
give  advice,  Advice;  give  aid,  Obstruction-Help; 
give  a  dressing,  Recompense-Punition;  give  a  horse 
his  head,  Liberty-Subjection;  give  a  loose  to 
mirth,    Lightheartedness-Dejection;     give    and 


take,  Commutation-Permutation,  Compensation 
Composition,  Exchange,  Reprisal-Resistance, 
Right-Wrong;  give  a  sigh,  Jubilation-Lamenta- 
tion; give  a  turn  to,  Mutation-Permanence;  give 
away,  Giving-Receiving,  Keeping-Relinquish- 
ment,  Matrimony-Celibacy;  give  back,  Taking- 
Restitution;  give  bail,  Security;  give  birth  to, 
Creation-Destruction,  Life-Death;  give  carte 
blanche,  Leave-Prohibition;  give  chase,  Quest- 
Evasion  ;  give  consent,  Consent  ;  give  expression  to, 
Phrase;  give  forth,  Publicity;  give  in,  Litigation- 
Yielding;  give  in  charge,  Release-Restr/int-' 
give  in  custody,  Release-Restraint;  give  into, 
Consent;  give  it  one,  Approval-Disapproval;  give 
light,  Light-Darkness;  give  notice,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Sign,  Warning;  give  one  credit, 
Faith-Misgiving;  give  one  the  slip,  Escape;  give 
one  to  understand,  Enlightenment-Secrecy;  give 
out,  Admission-Expulsion,  Giving-Receiving,  Pub- 
licity; give  over,  Discontinuance-Continuance, 
Quest-Abandonment,  Sanguixeness-Hopeless- 
ness;  give  over  to  the  foe,  Patriotism-Treason; 
give  place  to,  Commutation-Permutation,  Quest- 
Evasion;  give  play  to  the  imagination,  Fancy  ;  give 
quarter,  Compassion-Ruthlessness,  Harshness- 
Mildness;  give  rise  to,  Cause-Effect;  give  security, 
Security;  give  the  advantage,  Equality-Inequal- 
ity; give  the  go  by,  Observance-Nonobservance, 
Quest-Evasion,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  give  the 
mind  to,  Heed-Disregard;  give  the  sacrament, 
Ceremonial;  give  tongue,  Publicity,  Speech-In- 
articulateness, Vocalization-Muteness;  give  up, 
Choice-Rejection,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Com- 
mission-Retirement, Keeping-Relinquishment, 
Quest- Abandonment,  Sanguineness-Hopeless- 
ness,  Taking-Restitution,  Yielding;  give  up  the 
ghost,  Life-Death;  give  way,  Conceit-Diffidence, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Pleasure-Pain, 
Strength-Weakness,  Toughness-Brittleness, 
Yielding. 

giv'-en.  Stated.  Condition-Situation,  Giving-Re- 
ceiving, Hypothesis;  given  over,  Life-Death; 
given  time,  Opportuneness  -Unsuitableness; 
given  to,  Habit-Desuetude. 

giv'-er.     One  who  gives.     Giving-Receiving. 

giv'-ing.  The  act  of  transferring  from  one  to  another. 
Giving-Receiving;  giving  thanks,  Devotion-Idol, 
atry. 


GIVING— RECEIVING. 


Accordance.     The  act  of  giving  something  due  and  appropriate. 

Award.     A  decision  by  judges  as  to  the  giving  of  something. 

Bestowal.     The  act  of  conferring  as  a  gift. 

Cession.     The  act  of  giving  away. 

Communication.     Something  given  in  a  message. 

Concession.     The  act  of  giving  something  up. 

Consignment.     The  act  of  sending  to  be  given. 

Delivery.     The  act  of  giving  trom  one  person  to  another. 

Dispensation.     A  divine  giving. 

Donation.     A  giving  for  some  public  purpose. 

Endowment.     A  giving  for  the  support  of  some  public  institution. 

Giving.     The  act  of  bestowing  voluntarily  without  expectation  of 

return. 
Investiture.     The  act  of  giving  legal  possession. 
Investment.     The  act  of  laying  out  money  productively. 
Presentation.     A  public  giving. 
Presentment.     A  giving  in  a  formal  or  ceremonious  manner. 

Giving — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Act  of  grace.     The  act  of  giving  something  not  earned. 

Almsgiving.     Giving  to  the  poor. 

Charity.     Giving  to  supply  the  bodily  wants  of  the  needy. 

Generosity.     Giving  with  self-sacrificing  heartiness. 

Grace.     Giving  unmerited  Vivor. 

Liberality.     The  act  of  btn..&  very  free  in  giving. 


Acceptance.  The  act  of  receiving  what  is  offered. 

Acquisition.  Anything  received  as  a  result  of  effort  or  labor.     See 

Gain. 

Admission.  The  state  of  being  received  into  something.     See  An. 

MISSION. 

Income.     That  gain  which  proceeds  from  labor,  business,  capital,  eta 

Receiving.     Obtaining  from  another  in  any  manner. 

Reception.     The  act  of  being  received. 

Recipiency.     The  state  of  having  received  something. 

Suscipiency.     The  state  of  having  received  an  influence. 

Receiving — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Accipient.     One  who  receives  a  gift. 

Almsman.     One  who  receives  alms. 

Assignee.     One  who  has  received  property  in  trust  or  for  himself. 

Beneficiary.     One  who  receives  a  gift,  benefit,  or  advantage. 

Devisee.     One  who  receives  something  transmitted  by  a  will. 

Donee.     One  who  receives  a  donation. 

Feofee.     One  who  receives  a  corporeal  hereditament  by  delivery. 

Grantee.     One  who  receives  a  grant. 

Legatee.     One  who  receives  a  legacy. 

Legatary.     One  who  receives  a  bequest. 

Lessee.     The  person  to  whom  a  lease  is  granted. 

Pensionary.     One  who  receives  a  pension. 

Pensioner.     One  who  lives  on  or  receives  a  pension. 


GIVING— RECEIVING. 


451 


GI VI N  G— RECE I VI NG. 


GIVING—  RECEIVING— Continued. 


Giving — Denotations,  etc. 

Allowance.  A  portion  or  amount  granted  for  some  particular  pur- 
pose. 

Alms.     A  gift  for  the  relief  of  the  poor. 

Amortization.  The  act  of  conveying  lands  and  tenements  to  a 
corporation  having  perpetual  succession. 

Appanage.  A  portion  of  land  given  by  a  king  for  the  support  of  his 
younger  sons. 

Backshish.     The  Oriental  term  for  a  tip  or  gratuity. 

Bait.     A  gift  given  as  a  bribe. 

Benefaction.     A  charitable  deed. 

Bequest.     A  legacy  of  personal  property. 

Bonanza.     A  lucky  operation,  or  profitable  investment. 

Bonus.     An  allowance  additional  to  what  is  usual  or  stipulated. 

Boon.     A  good  thing  bestowed. 

Bounty.     The  gifts  bestowed  by  a  generous  giver. 

Bribe.  Any  gift  or  advantage,  given  or  promised,  for  the  purpose  of 
influencing  one's  conduct  or  judgment. 

Cadeau  [F.].     A  present. 

Christmas  box.     A  Christmas  present  in  England. 

Consideration.     The  thing  given  or  done  by  a  party  to  a  contract. 

Contribution.     That  which  is  given. 

Devise.     A  gift  of  lands  by  a  last  will  and  testament. 

Dole.     That  which  is  shared  in  portions. 

Donation.     That  which  is  given  as  a  gift. 

Donative.     A  benefice  bestowed  by  a  patron  or  founder. 

Dotation.     The  act  of  making  or  sharing  a  dowry. 

Dpuceur  [F.].     A  small  present. 

Drink- money.     A  gift  used  to  buy  drink. 

Easter-offering.  A  gift  given  in  commemoration  of  the  Easter 
festival. 

Fairing.     A  present. 

Favor.     An  act  or  course  of  kindness ;  a  small  gift. 

Fee.     A  payment  for  services  done.     See  Recompense. 

Free  gift.     A  gift  given  without  any  obligation  to  give. 

Gift.     Something  voluntarily  given  without  expectation  of  return. 

Grant.     Anything  given  or  bestowed. 

Gratuity.     That  which  is  given  without  demand  or  claim. 

Ground-bait.     Bait  strewn  on  the  ground  to  attract  fish  to  the  place. 

Handsel.     A  gift  to  secure  favor  or  good  luck. 

Help.     Assistance  given. 

Honorarium.     A  voluntary  fee  for  professional  services. 

Immolation.     A  sacrificial  offering. 

Largess.     A  generous  gift . 

Legacy.     Property,  especially  personal  property,  given  by  will. 

Oblation.     Anything  offered  in  worship. 

Offering.     That  which  is  given. 

Offertory.     A  contribution  to  aid  church-work. 

Peace-offering.  Any  gift  given  voluntarily  as  a  pledge  of  peace  and 
good-will. 

Pour  boire  [F.].     Drink-money. 

Present.     That  which  is  presented  or  given. 

Sacrifice.     A  tribute  or  gift  to  God  as  an  expression  of  thanksgiving. 

Sportule.     A  small  alms. 

Subscription.     A  written  promise  to  give. 

Subsidy.  Aid  granted  by  the  government  to  some  enterprise  pro- 
ductive of  public  benefit. 

Subvention.     A  grant  in  aid  of  something. 

Tribute.     Money  given  as  an  acknowledgment  of  submission. 

Trink-geld  [G.].     Drink-money. 

Vail.     Money  given  to  servants  as  a  gratuity. 

Voluntary  conveyance.  A  voluntary  grant  of  land.  See  Aliena- 
tion. 

Voluntary  settlement.  A  payment  of  any  charge  or  debt  without 
compulsion. 

Will.  The  instrument  by  which  a  person  makes  a  disposition  of  his 
property  to  take  effect  after  his  death. 

Giving — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Donor.     One  who  makes  a  donation. 

Feoffor.     One  who  makes  a  grant  of  land  by  deed  and  delivery. 
Giver.     One  who  gives. 
Grantor,  etc.     One  who  grants.     See  Verbs. 
Settlor.     One  who  settles  estates. 

Giving — Verbs. 
Accommodate  with.     To  give  as  a  favor. 
Accord.     To  give  as  due  and  appropriate. 

Administer.       I  Tq    -e  gom^ing  necessary  or  required. 

Administer  to.) 

Afford,     To  yield. 

Allow.     To  give  as  an  allowance. 

Assign.     To  give  a  special  designation  to. 


RECEIVING — Nouns  of  Agent — Continued 

Recipient.     One  who  receives  something. 

Relessee.     One  to  whom  an  instrument  of  release  has  been  given. 
Sportulary.     One  living  on  alms  or  charitable  institutions. 
Stipendiary.     One  who  receives  wages  or  salary. 

Receiving — Verbs. 

Accept.     To  receive  something  offered. 

Accrue.     To  receive  as  a  natural  growth. 

Acquire.     To  receive  as  a  result  of  effort  or  labor.     See  Gain 

Admit.     To  receive  into. 

Be  received.     Be  accepted;  be  obtained  in  any  way. 

Catch.     To  receive  as  the  result  of  a  temporary  effort. 

Come  in.     To  be  received. 

Come  to  hand.     To  be  received  by  one  himself. 

Come  to  one.     To  become  one's  property. 

Fall  into  one's  hand.     To  be  received  with  no  especial  effort  on  the 

part  of  the  receiver. 
Fall  to  one.     To  come  into  one's  possession. 
Fall  to  one's  lot.     To  receive  as  one's  fate  in  life. 
Fall  to  one's  share.     To  receive  as  one's  portion. 
Go  into  one's  pockets.     To  accrue  to  one's  financial  benefit. 
Have  given.     To  receive  without  a  return  being  expected. 
Have  given  to.     To  be  received  by  any  one  without  a  return  being 

expected. 
Pass  into  one's  hand.     To  be  received  by  one  person  from  another. 
Pocket.     To  receive  into  the  pocket. 
Put  into  one's  purse.  \  Tt 
Put  into  one's  pocket  J         glve' 
Receive.     To  obtain  from  another  in  any  manner. 
Take.     To  receive  by  putting  forth  exertion.     See  Taking. 
Take  in.     To  receive  into. 
Take  off  one's  hands.     To  rid  another  of  something  by  receiving  it 

from  him. 
Touch.     To  take  by  force. 

Receivin  g — Adjectives. 
Given.     See  Giving. 
Not  given.      Not  receive  as  a  gift. 
Received.     See  Verbs. 

Receiving.     See  Verbs.  { 

Recipient.     Ready  to  receive. 
Second-hand.     Received  after  use  by  another. 
Suscipient.     Receiving  as  an  effect  or  influence. 
TJnbestowed.     Not  given. 


GIVING— Verbs—  Continued. 

Award.     To  give  for  merit  or  excellence  in  a  competition. 

Bequeath.     To  give  as  a  legacy. 

Bestow.     To  confer  as  a  gift. 

Bribe.     To  make  a  gift  to  corrupt  a  public  officer. 

Cast.     To  throw  away  as  a  gift. 

Cede.     To  give  up. 

Communicate.     To  give  by  intercourse. 

Concede.     To  give  up  in  consequence  of  a  command. 

Confer.     To  give  as  a  benefit. 

Consign.     To  give  into  the  care  of  another. 

Contribute.     To  give  in  aid  of  some  object. 

Deal  out.     To  give  out  in  a  number  of  portions. 

_  ..  r  To  give  into  the  power  or  possession  of  another. 

Devise.     To  give  by  a  last  will. 

Dispense.     To  give  out  in  a  diffuse  manner. 

Dispose  of.     To  make  over. 

Dole  out.     To  give  in  shares. 

Endow.     To  give  a  permanent  fund  or  income  to. 

Entrust.     To  give  in  trust. 

Favor  with.     To  give  as  a  favor. 

Fork  out.     To  give  over,  as  hay,  manure,  etc. 

Furnish.     To  give  a  supply  of. 

Furnish  its  quota.     To  give  its  due  share. 

Give.     To  bestow  without  expecting  a  return. 

Give  away.     To  confer  on  without  an  equivalent. 

Give  out.     To  distribute. 

Grant.     To  give  in  a  formal  manner. 

Grease  the  palm.     To  bribe. 

Hand.     To  give  with  the  hand. 

Hand  over.     To  give  over  with  the  hand. 

Help.     To  give  means  towards. 

Immolate.     To  give  as  a  sacrifice. 


GIVING. 


452 


GLITTER. 


GIVING — Verbs — Continue*.. 


Impart.     To  give  part  of. 

Indulge  with.     To  give  way  unduly  to  the  inclinations  of. 

Invest.     To  give  out  money  in  investments. 

Lavish.     To  give  prodigally. 

Leave.     To  give  by  will. 

Make  a  present.     To  bestow  a  gift. 

Make  over.     To  transfer. 

Mete  out.     To  give  out  by  measure. 

Minister  to.     To  give  necessities  to. 

Offer.     To  give  with  solemnity  or  in  worship.     See  Proffer. 

Part  with.     To  give  away  with  reluctance. 

Pass      To  give  from  ^..e  person  to  another. 

Pass  over.     To  give  over 

Pay.     To  give  as  payment.     See  Settlement 

Pour  on.     To  give  freely. 

Present.     To  give  formally. 

Put  into  the  hands  of.     To  give  into  the  control  of. 


GlVING- 


GlVING- 


Allowable.     That  may  be  given. 

Allowed.     That  is  given. 

Charitable.     In  the  habit  of  giving  out  of  charity. 

Communicable.     That  may  be  given  by  intercourse. 

Concessional.     Yielding. 

Eleemosynary.     Relating  to  giving  alms. 

Aucior  pretiosa  jactt  [L.J.     The  giver  adds  value  to  the  gift. 

giz'-zard.  The  second  stomach  of  birds.  Contents- 
Receiver;  stick  in  one's  gizzard,  Favorite-Anger. 

gla'-brous.     Without  hair.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

gla'-cial.     Pertaining  to  glaciers.     Heat-Cold. 

gla'-ci-ate.     To  change  to  ice.     Heating-Cooling. 

gla'-ci-er.     Ice-mass.     Geology,  Heat-Cold. 

gla'-cis.  Sloping  ground  in  front  of  a  fort.  Attack- 
Defense. 

glad.  Pleased.  Pleasurableness-Painfulness, 
Pleasure-Pain;  glad  tidings,  Tidings -Mystery; 
would  be  glad  of,  Desire-Distaste. 

glade.  Open  tract  in  the  woods.  Aperture-Closure, 
Convexity-Concavity,  Luminary-Shade. 

glad'-den.  To  make  glad.  Alleviation-Aggrava- 
tion, Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

glad'-i-a"-tor.  Professional  fighter  in  the  days  of 
Rome.     Belligerent. 

glad"-i-a-to'-ri-al.  Pertaining  to  gladiators.  Strife- 
Peace,  Variance-Accord. 

glad'-ness.     Pleasure  of  mind.     Pleasure-Pain. 

glad'-some.  Pleasing.  Pleasure-Pain,  Pleasura- 
bleness-Painfulness. 

glair.     White  of  an  egg.     Viscidity-Foam. 

glaive.     See  Glave. 

glam'-our.     Charm.     Devotion-Magic. 

glance.  To  look  quickly.  Sight-Blindness,  Sign; 
glance  at,  Approval-Disapproval,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Heed-Disregard;  glance  off,  Aim-Aber- 
ration, Concentration-Radiation;  see  at  a 
glance,  Onlooker,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

gland.     An  organ.     Anatomy. 

glare.  Dazzle.  Light-Darkness,  Sight-Blindness, 
Sight-Dimsightedness,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

glar'-ing.  Shining.  Color-Achromatism,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness,  Manifestation-Latency,  Visi- 
bility-Invisibility. 

glar'-ing-ly.     Openly.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

glass.  Hard  transparent  substance,  formed  by  fusing 
silica  with  a  metal.  Contents-Receiver,  Diapha- 
neity-Opaqueness, Dress-Undress,  Optical  In- 
struments, Toughness-Brittleness;  glass  of 
fashion,  Society-Ludicrousness;  glass  too  much, 
Teetotalism-Intemperance;  live  in  a  glass  house, 
Security  -  Insecurity,  Toughness  -  Brittleness, 
Visibility-Invisibility;  musical  glasses,  Cohesion- 
Looseness,  Musical  Instruments;  see  through  a 
glass  darkly,  Knowledge-Ignorance. 


Render.     To  give  wnat  is  due. 

Sacrifice.     To  give  as  a  religious  offering. ' 

Settle  upon.     To  give  by  permanent  grant. 

Shed.     To  give  freely  and  diffusely. 

Shower  down  upon.     To  give  as  freely  as  rain . 

Spare.     To  give  as  something  saved. 

Spend.     To  give  out  money  for  things  bought.     See  Outlat. 

Squeeze  out.     To  give  in  grudgingly. 

Subscribe.     To  promise  to  give  by  writing  one's  name  beneath  m 

pledge . 
Supply.     To  give  something  needful  or  desirable. 
Thrust  upon.     To  force  a  gift  upon. 
Tickle  the  palm.     To  bribe. 
Tip.     To  give  to  a  servant  as  a  favor. 
Turnover.     To  hand  over. 

Vest  in.     To  give  ownership  of,  as  property,  to  a  person. 
Yield.     To  give  as  the  result  of  labor  or  investment. 

-Adjectives. 

Given.     Bestowed  without  expectation  of  return. 
Giving.     Bestowing  without  expectation  of  return. 
Gratis.     Given  absolutely  for  nothing. 
Sportulary.     Pertaining  to  giving  small  alms. 
Tributary.     Pertaining  to  giving  tribute. 


■Phrases. 
Ex  dono  [L.]. 


By  the  gift. 


CON- 


glass'-coach".     Coach  with  glass  windows  in  it. 
veyance-  Vessel. 

glas'-ses.     Spectacles.     Optical  Instruments. 

Glass'-ite.  A  Christian  of  the  Glassite  sect.  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

glass  tub"-ing.     Tubes  of  glass.     Chemistry. 

glass'-ware" .  Articles  made  of  glass.  Diaphaneity, 
Heating-Cooling. 

glass'-y.  Like  glass.  Color-Achromatism,  Diapha- 
neity-Opaqueness, Light-Darkness,  Light-Dim- 
ness, Smoothness-Roughness. 

glau'-cous.     Sea-green.     Redness-Greenness. 

glave.     A  kind  of  sword.     Weapon. 

glav'-er.     To  flatter.     Adulation-Disparagement. 

glaze.  To  give  a  glassy  appearance.  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

gla'-zier.     One  who  applies  glaze  to  pottery.     Agent. 

gleam.  To  emit  light.  Light-Darkness,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness. 

glean.  To  collect;  a  collection.  Choice-Rejection, 
Gain-Loss. 

glean'-ings.  That  which  has  been  collected  with  much 
labor.     Choice-Rejection. 

glebe.  Land  belonging  to  a  church;  land  containing 
ore.     Church,  Fane,  Ocean-Land. 

glee.  Gaiety.  Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Music, 
Pleasure-Pain. 

gleek.     To  gibe.     Regard-Disrespect. 

glee'-some.  Happy;  joyous.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection. 

glen.     Small  valley.     Convexity-Concavity. 

glib.  Flippant.  Difficulty-Facility,  Faith-Mis- 
giving. 

glib'-ly.     Smoothly.     Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

glide.  To    move    smoothly.  Movement-Rest, 

Period-Progress,    Traveling-Navigation;     glide 
into,  Conversion-Reversion. 

glim'-mer.  To  shine  feebly.  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance, Light-Darkness,  Light-Dimness,  Visi- 
bility-Invisibility. 

glim'-mer-ing.  A  faint  view;  shining  faintly.  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance. 

glimpse.  Glance.  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Sight- 
Blindness. 

glint.     To  gleam.     Light-Darkness. 

glis'-ten.     To  shine.     Light-Darkness. 

glit'-ter.  Sparkle.  Light-Darkness,  Pomp,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit. 


GLITTERING. 


453 


GO. 


glit'-ter-ing.     Sparkling.     Brawler,  Pomp. 

gloam.     To  become  dark.     Favorite-Moroseness. 

gloar.  To  look  at  fiercely.  Astonishment-Expect- 
ance, Sight-Blindness. 

gloat.  To  look  at  with  malignant  satisfaction.  Gloat 
on,  Sensuality -Suffering,  Sight-Blindness; 
gloat  over,  Pleasure-Pain,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

glo'-ba"-ted.     Globe-shaped'.     Roundness. 

globe.  Sphere.  Roundness,  Universe;  on  the  face 
of  the  globe,  Universe. 

glo-bose'.     Round.     Roundness. 

glo-bos'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  round.  Round- 
ness. 

glo'-bous.     Spherical.     Roundness. 

glob'-u-lar.     Round,  like  a  ball.     Roundness. 

glob'-ule.  A  small  globe.  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Roundness. 

glom"-er-a'-tion.  State  of  being  densely  clustered. 
Gathering-Scattering. 

gloom.  Duskiness.  Light-Darkness,  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection. 

gloom'-y.  Sad;  dismal.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion. 

gloom'-y  hc-ri'-zon.    Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

%lorice  incendium  fax  mentis  [L.]  (glo'-ri-i  in-sen'- 
di-um,  fax  men'-tis).  A  burning  desire  for  glory  is  a 
torch  to  the  mind.     Motive-Caprice. 

glo"-ri-a'-tion.     Boasting.     Bragging. 

glo"-ri-fi-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  giving  honor;  state  of 
being  glorified.  '  Bragging,  Devotion-Idolatry, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

glo'-ri-fy.  To  honor;  to  praise.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Devotion-Idolatry,  Divinity,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit. 

glo'-ri-ous.  Grand.  Reputation-Discredit,  Tee- 
totalism-Intemperance. 

glo'-ry.  Praise;  brightness.  Divinity,  Heaven-Hell, 
Light-Darkness,  Reputation-Discredit;  glory  be 
to  God,  Devotion-Idolatry  ;  glory  in,  Selfrespect- 
Humbleness;  King  of  Glory,  Divinity. 

gloss.  Brightness  of  surface.  Beauty-Ugliness,  In- 
terpretation-Misinterpretation, Justification- 
Charge,  Light-Darkness,  Pretext,  Smoothness- 
Roughness,  Truthfulness-Fabrication;  gloss  of 
novelty,  Novelty-Antiquity;  gloss  over,  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness, Justification-Charge,  Ra- 
tiocination-Instinct,   Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

glos'-sa-ry.     Lexicon.     Word-Neology. 

glos-sog'-ra-pher.  Writer  of  explanatory  notes. 
Scholar-Dunce,  Word-Neology. 

glos-sol'-o-gist.    Glossographer.     Scholar-Dunce. 

glos-sol'-c-gy.  Comparative  philology.  Languag-e, 
Word-Neology. 

gloss'-y.  See  Gloss.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

glot-tol'-o-gy.    Philology.    Language. 

glove.  Covering  for  the  hand.  Dress-Undress;  take 
up  the  glove,  Strife-Peace;  throw  down  the  glove, 
Defiance. 

glow.  To  give  off  light  and  heat.  Color-Achroma- 
tism,  Emotion,  Force-Weakness,  Heat-Cold, 
Light-Darkness. 

glow'-er.  To  scowl.  Favorite-Moroseness,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness, Sight-Dimsightedness. 

glow'-er-ing.     Scowling.     Favorite-Moroseness. 

glow'-ing.  Shining.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Blueness- 
Orange,  Excitation,  Force-Weakness,  Heat- 
Cold;  glowing  terms,  Force-Weakness. 

glow'-worm".  Beetle  displaying  a  phosphorescent 
light.     Luminary-Shade. 

gloze.  To  flatter.  Adulation-Disparagement,  Justi- 
fication-Charge.. 

glue.  A  sticky  substance.  Cohesion-Looseness,  Con- 
nective, Viscidity-Foam. 


glum.  Sullen.  Contentedness-Discontentment, 
Favorite-Moroseness,  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion. 

glut.    Oversupply.    Desire-Repletion,  Excess-Lack. 

glu'-ten.  A  tough  substance  .made  from  wheat  and 
similar  grains.    Viscidity-Foam. 

glu"-tin-os'-i-ty.     Tenacity.     Viscidity-Foam. 

glu'-ti-nous.     Sticky.     Viscidity-Foam. 

glut'-ton.     An  excessive  eater.     Fasting-Gluttony. 

glut'-ton-ous.  Given  to  excessive  eating.  Fasting- 
Gluttony. 

glut'-ton-y.  Habit  of  eating  too  much.  Fasting- 
Gluttony,  Nutriment-Excretion. 

glyc'-er-in.  A  sweet,  oily  liquid.  Friction-Lubri- 
cation, Pulpiness-Oil. 

glyph'-c-graph.  To  make  impressions  by  glyphography ; 
an  impression  so  made.     Engraving. 

glyph-og'-ra-phy.  Process  of  making  relief  plates  for 
printing.     Engraving. 

glyp'-tc-graph.    A  design  cut  on  a  gem.    Engraving. 

glyp-tog'-ra-phy.    Design  cut  on  a  gem.    Engraving. 

glyp"-tc-the'-ca.  A  collection  of  engravings.  Sculp- 
ture. 

gnarl.  To  snarl.  Charitableness-Menace,  Favo- 
rite-Anger. 

gnarled.  Knotted.  Smoothness-Roughness,  Solid- 
ity-Rarity. 

gnash.  To  snap  the  jaws  together.  Gnash  one's  teeth, 
Favorite-Anger,  Jubilation-Lamentation. 

gnat.  A  small  fly.  Greatness-Littleness;  strain  at 
a  gnat,  Bigotry-Apostasy. 

gnaw.  To  bite  off  little  by  little.  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Friction-Lubrication,  Nutriment- 
Excretion,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

gnaw'-ing.  Constant  biting;  consuming.  Pleasure- 
Pain;  gnawing  pain,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

gnome.     Dwarf.     Jove-Fiend. 

gno'-mon.  A  pin  the  shadow  of  which  indicates  the 
time  on  a  dial.    Chronology-Anachronism. 

Gnos'-tic.  An  adherent  of  Gnosticism.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

Gnos'-ti-cism.  The  doctrines  of  the  Gnostics.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy, Theology. 

gnothi  seauton  [Gr.]  (gno'-thi  se-au-ton').  Know 
thyself.  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity. 

go.  To  depart.  Admission-Expulsion,  Appearance- 
Disappearance,  Approach- Withdrawal,  Arrival- 
Departure,  Color-Achromatism,  Entity-Nonen- 
tity, Movement-Rest,  Society-Ludicrousness, 
Vigor-Inertia;  as  things  go,  Habit-Desuetude; 
come  and  go,  Vibration;  give  the  go  by  to,  Care- 
fulness-Carelessness, Observance  -  Nonobserv- 
ance,  Quest-Evasion,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  go 
about,  Circuition,  Enterprise,  Publicity  ;  go  about 
your  business,  Admission  -  Expulsion,  Commission- 
Abrogation;  go  across,  Transmission;  go  after, 
Antecedence-Sequence,  Leading-Following;  go 
against,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Cooperation- 
Opposition;  go  ahead,  Activity-Indolence,  Lead- 
ing-Following, Push-Pull,  Swiftness-Slowness; 
go  all  lengths,  Determination -Vacillation,  En- 
tirety -  Deficiency,  Toil  -  Relaxation  ;  go  astray, 
Truth-Error,  Virtue-Vice;  go  away,  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Approach- Withdrawal,  Arrival- 
Departure,  Future -Past;  go  bad,  Betterment- 
Deterioration;  goback,ADVANCE-RETROGRESSION, 
Future-Past;  go  bail,  Security-Insecurity;  go 
before,  Antecedence-Sequence,  Leading- Follow- 
ing; go  between,  Environment-Interposition,  In- 
strument, Mediation;  go  beyond,  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming;  go  by,  Conventionality-Unconven- 
tionality,  Craft-  Artlessness,  Future -Past, 
Period  -  Progress,    Transcursion  -  Shortcoming; 


GO. 


454 


GODLINESS— UNGODLINESS. 


go  by  the  board,  Might-Impotence;  go  by  the  name 
of,  Name-Misnomer;  go  deep  into,  Investigation- 
Answer;  go  down,  Ascent-Descent,  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Contentedness-Discontent,  Ex- 
citability-Inexcitability;  go  down  with,  Con- 
tentedness-Discontentment,  Excitability-Inex- 
citability,  Faith-Mis«iving;  go  farther  and  fare 
worse,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Skill-Unskil- 
fulness;  go  for  nothing,  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Ratiocination-Instinct;  go  forth,  Arrival- 
Departure,  Publicity;  go  from  one's  word,  Ob- 
servance-Nonobservance;  go  halves,  Doubling- 
Halving,  Participation;  go  hand  in  hand,  Coex- 
istence, Solitude -Company,  Variance- Accord; 
go  hard,  Difficulty-Facility;  go  in,  Entrance- 
Exit;  go  in  for,  Determination- Vacillation, 
Quest-Evasion;  go  into,  Entrance-Exit,  Essay, 
Letter;  go  mad,  Saneness-Lunacy;  go  near,  Ap- 
proach-Withdrawal; go  no  further,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy-; go  off,  Arrival-Departure,  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration, Life -Death,  Matri- 
mony-Celibacy, Turbulence -Calmness;  go  on, 
Advance  -  Retrogression,  Discontinuance  -  Con- 
tinuance, Duration-Neverness,  Push-Pull ;  goon 
forever,  Eternity-Instantaneity,  Infinity;  go  on 
ill,  Welfare-Misfortune;  go  out  of  one's  head, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness  ;  go  over,  Investiga- 
tion-Answer, Persistence-Apostasy,  Reversal, 
Transmission,  Uprightness- Dishonesty;  go 
round,  Circuition,  Reversal;  go  shares,  Partici- 
pation; go  smoothly,  Difficulty- Facility;  go 
through,  Acting,  Circuition,  Completion-Noncom- 
pletion.  Conduct,  Excitability- Inexcitability, 
Investigation  -  Answer,  Occurrence  -  Destiny, 
Transmission;  go  to,  Advice,  Aim-Aberration, 
Remoteness  -  Nearness,  Traveling  -  Navigation  ; 
go  to  pieces,  Creation-Destruction;  go  to  sleep, 
Activity-Indolence, Toil-Relaxation;  go  to  war, 
Fighting-Conciliation;  go  up,  Ascent-Descent; 
go  with,  Assent- Dissent,  Variance  -  Accord;  go 
with  the  stream,  Assent -Dissent,  Conventional- 
ity -  Unconventionality,  Difficulty  -  Facility, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

goad.    A  pointed  stick.    Motive-Caprice. 

goal.    Something  aimed  at.    Arrival-Departure,  Be- 


ginning-End,    Movement-Rest,     Purpose-Luck; 
reach     the     goal,     Completion  -  Noncompletion. 

goat.  A  small  horned  animal.  Purity-Rake,  Zool- 
ogy-Botany; he  goat,  Male-Female. 

go-bang'.  A  game  played  on  a  checker-board.  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 

gob'-bet.  Mouthful.  Magnitude-Smallness,  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion. 

gob'-ble.  Make  a  noise  like  a  turkey;  to  eat  too  much 
Cry-Ululation,  Fasting-Gluttony. 

gobemouche  [F.]  (gob-mush').  Silly  person.  Gull-De- 
ceiver, Sage-Fool. 

go'-be-tween".  A  middle-man.  Consignee,  Instru- 
mentality, Mediation. 

gob'-let.     Drinking  vessel.     Contents-Receiver. 

gob'-lin.     Kobold.     Jove-Fiend. 

go'-cart".     Hand-cart.     Conveyance- Vessel. 

God.  The  Creator  of  the  universe.  Divinity;  for  God's 
sake,  Petition-Expostulation;  God  bless  me,  As- 
tonishment-Expectance; God  bless  you,  Arrival- 
Departure;  God  forbid,  Assent-Dissent,  Gain- 
Loss;  God  grant,  Devotion-Idolatry;  God  knows, 
Knowledge-Ignorance;  God's  acre,  Life-Funeral; 
God  save  the  King,  Patriotism-Treason;  God's 
grace,  Charitableness-Malevolence;  God's  love, 
Charitableness-Malevolence;  God's  will,  Voli- 
tion-Obligation; God  willing,  Possibility-Impossi- 
bility; house  of  God,  Fane;  kingdom  of  God, 
Hhaven-Hell;  sons  of  God,  Angel-Satan. 

god.  That  which  is  worshiped.  Jove-Fiend;  house- 
hold gods,  Dweller-Habitation;  tutelary  gods,  Se- 
curity-Insecurity. 

god'-child".  A  child  for  whom  a  person  becomes 
sponsor  at  baptism.     Parentage-Progeny. 

god'-dess.  Female  deity;  good  or  beautiful  woman. 
Jove-Fiend,  Love-Hate. 

goa'-fa"-ther.  A  man  who  becomes  sponsor  for  a  child 
at  baptism.     Parentage-Progeny. 

God'-fear"-ing.  Having  reverence  for  God  and  his  laws. 
Godliness-Ungodliness. 

God'-head      The  Trinity.     Divinity. 

god'-hke.     Like  God.     Virtue-Vice. 

god'-iess.     Ungodly.     Godliness-Disbelief. 

god'-li-ness.  The  character  of  being  godly.  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness. 


GODLINESS— UNGODLINESS. 


Anointed.     Consecrated  to  divine  service. 

Beauty  of  holiness.     Godliness. 

Consecration.  The  state  of  being  set  apart  to  the  service  and  wor- 
ship of  God. 

Devotion.     Zealous  application  to  religious  duties. 

Edification.  The  state  of  being  built  up  or  instructed  in  moral  and 
religious  knowledge. 

Faith.     Operative  belief  in  the  truths  of  religion. 

Godliness.     Character  or  state  of  being  pious  or  godly. 

Grace.     The  exercise  of  love,  mercy  and  kindness. 

Holiness.     See  Adjectives. 

Humility.     Lowliness  of  mind. 

Oder  of  sanctity.     Godliness. 

Piety.     Reverence  of  God  and  loving  obedience  to  his  will. 

Prostration,  etc.  The  act  of  kneeling  or  bowing  in  reverence  and 
worship.     See  Devotion. 

Religion.  The  reverent  acknowledgment  in  both  heart  and  act  of 
the  Supreme  Being. 

Religionism.     Intense  piety. 

Religiousness.     Deep  devotion  to  the  practise  of  godliness. 

Reverence,  etc.  Profound  respect,  mingled  with  fear  and  affection 
for  the  Supreme  Being.     See  Regard. 

Saintship.     The  qualities  of  a  saint  or  godly  person. 

Sanctimony,  etc.  Scrupulous  devoutness,  especially  outward  or 
pretended  holiness.     See  Godliness-Ungodliness. 

Sanctitude.     Holiness,  sanctity. 

Sanctity.     The  state  of  being  morally  pure. 

Spiritual  existence.     Heavenly-mindedness. 

Theism.     The  belief  in  God  as  both  immanent  and  transcendent. 


Austerity.     Harsh  discipline. 

Backsliding.     A  falling  away  from  faith  or  duty. 

Bigotry,  etc.     Blind  enthusiasm  in  favor  of  something.     See  Bigotry 

and  Misjudgment. 
Blasphemy.     Irreverence  in  speaking  or  writing  of  God. 
Cant.     Insincere  use  of  religious  phraseology. 
Declension.     A  falling  toward  a  worse  state. 
Desecration.     The  act  of  desecrating  or  profaning. 
Formalism.     Dependence  on  external  forms  in  matters  of  religion. 
Hardening.     Confirming  in  wickedness  or  shame. 
Hypocrisy,  etc.     The  assumption  of  a  false  appearance  of  religion  01 

virtue.     See  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 
Impiety.     Disregard  for  the  Supreme  Being  and  his  laws. 
Irreverence.     Want  of  respect  for  God  and  religion. 
Lip-devotion.     Prayer  coming  from  the  lips  and  not  the  heart. 
Lip-reverence.     Veneration  consisting  of  words  only. 
Lip-service.     Profession  unaccompanied  by  practise. 
Misdevotion.     Mistaken  devotion. 
Odium  theologicum  [L.].     The  hatred  of  theologians. 
Perversion.     Diversion  from  truth  or  right. 
Pharisaism.     Strict  adherence  to  external  forms  of  religion. 
Pietism.     Affectation  of  devotion. 
Pious  fraud.     Religious  pretension. 
Precisianism.     The  state  of  being  overprecise  or  ceremoniously  exact 

in  religious  rites. 
Profanation.     Irreverent  and  disrespectful  treatment  of  that  which 

is  sacred. 
Profaneness.     See  Adjectives. 
Profanity.     The  state  of  being  profane;  blasphemy. 


GODLINESS. 


4  .">."> 


GODLINESS— UNGODLINESS. 


GODLINESS— UNGODLINESS— Continued. 


Unction.     Religious  fervor  and  tenderness. 
Veneration.     Respect  for  holy  things  mingled  with  awe. 

Godliness — Associated  Nouns. 

Believer.     One  who  gives  credit  to  the  truth  of  the  Scriptures,  as  a 

revelation  from  God. 
Christian.     One  who  believes  in  Jesus  Christ,  and  the  truth  as  taught 

by  Him. 
Convert.     A  person  who  is  won  over  to  a  creed  or  religious  system  in 

which  he  has  not  previously  believed. 
Devotee.     One  given  wholly  to  religion. 
Madonna.     A  picture  of  the  Virgin  Mary. 
Notre  Dame  [F.].     Our  Lady;  the  Blessed  Virgin. 
Pietist.     One  who  makes  a  display  of  religious  feeling. 
Saint.     A  holy  or  godly  person. 
The  believing. 

The  children  of  God.  .  Th      h  ,   b  d     f  q^^  believers. 

The  children  of  light.  * 

The  children  of  the  kingdom. 

The  elect.     Persons  chosen  as  the  objects  of  mercy  or  divine  favor 
The  good.     Those  having  admirable  moral  qualities. 
Theist.     One  who  believes  in  a  personal  God. 

[  Persons  free  from  wrong,  guilt,  or  sin. 
s.> 


The  righteous. 


Godliness — Theological  Terms. 


Adoption.     The  state  of  being  incorporated  into  God's  family  as  a 

child. 
Beatification.     In  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  the  pronouncing  of  a 

deceased  person  to  be  blessed. 
Body  and  Blood  of  Christ.     [Matthew  xxvi,  26-28.] 
Bread  of  Life.     The  Body  of  Christ. 
Conversion.     A  change  of  heart  evidenced  by  a  new  course  of  life  and 

love  to  God . 
Inspiration.     A  supernatural  influence  enabling  men  to  receive  and 

communicate  divine  truth. 
Justification.     The  act  of  justifying  or  treating  a  sinful  person  as  if 

righteous  in  the  sight  of  God,  for  the  sake  of  the  merits  of  Jesus 

Christ. 
Regeneration.     The  entering  into  a  new  spiritual  life  through  the 

action  of  the  Holy  Spirit. 
Salvation.     The  redemption  of  man  by  Jesus  Christ  from  sin  and 

condemnation  and  the  bestowal  on  him  of  everlasting  life  and 

happiness. 
Sanctification.     The  act  of  purifying  one's  thoughts  and  affections 

through  the  instrumentality  of  the  Holy  Spirit. 
Theopathy.     Capacity  for  religious  worship  or  affections. 

Godliness — Verbs. 

Beatify.     To  make  happy  or  supremely  blessed. 

Be  converted.     To  have  experienced  conversion. 

Believe.     To  be  fully  persuaded  of  the  truths  of  religion. 

Be  pious.     See  Adjectives. 

Consecrate.     To  set  apart  to  the  service  or  worship  of  God. 

Convert.     To  produce  conversion  in. 

Edify.     To  instruct  or  build  up  in  moral  or  religious  knowledge. 

Enshrine.     To  cherish  or  preserve  as  sacred. 

Have  faith.     See  Nouns. 

Inspire.     To  communicate  by  divine  influence. 

Receive  Christ.     To  believe  in  Christ. 

Regenerate.     To  produce  regeneration. 

Revere,  etc.     To  look  upon  with  reverence  or  profound  respect  and 
affection.     See  Regard. 

Sanctify.     To  make  pure  or  cleanse  from  moral  and  spiritual  cor- 
ruption. 

Godliness — Adjectives. 

Adopted.     Taken  by  adoption. 

Believing.     See  Verbs. 

Catholic .     V  ni  versal . 

Christian.     Pertaining  to  Christ  or  Christianity. 

Consecrated.     See  Verbs. 

Converted.     See  Verbs. 

Devoted.     Showing  strong  attachment  to  religion. 

Devout.     Devoted  to  religion  or  religious  duties. 

Elected.     Selected  as  an  object  of  special  mercy  and  favor. 

Faithful.     Strong  in  faith  or  belief. 

Godfearing.     Devout. 

Godly.     Pious;  conformed  to  the  law  of  God. 

Heavenly-minded .     Devout. 

Holy.     Morally  excellent;  pure  in  heart. 


Reprobation.     State   of  being  abandoned   to   punishment  without 
hope  of  pardon. 

Sabhatism  "1  Strained  observance  of  the  Jewish  Sabbath. 

Sacerdotalism.     Devotion  to  the  interests  of  the  priestly  order. 

Sacrilege.     The  crime  of  violating  sacred  things. 

Sanctimoniousness.     See  Adjectives. 

Sanctimony.     Outward  or  assumed  holiness. 

Scoffing.     See  Verbs. 

Sin,  etc.     The  transgression  of  or  want  of  conformity  to  the  law  of 

God.     See  Virtue-Vice. 
Ungodliness.     The  character  of  having  no  reverence  for  God. 

Ungodliness — Associated  Nouns. 

Bigot.     A  person  who  regards  his  own  faith  and  views  in  matters  of 

religion  as  unquestionably  right. 
Blasphemer.     One  who  speaks  with  impious  irreverence. 
Children  of  darkness.     People  in  a  state  of  ignorance  or  error  on 

religious  subjects. 
Devotee.     A  bigot. 
Fanatic.     A  person  who  indulges  in  wild  and  extravagant  notions  of 

religion. 
Formalist.     One  who  rests  in  external  religious  forms,  without  the 

life  and  spirit  of  religion. 
Hypocrite.     One  who  feigns  to  be  other  and  better  than  he  is.     See 

Gull-Deceiver. 
Mawworm.     A  hypocritical  ranter  in   Bickerstaff's  comedy  of  Tlur 

Hypocrite. 
Pharisee.     A  sect  of  Jews  noted  for  their  strict  and  formal  observance 

of  the  rites  and  ceremonies  of  the  elders;   a  person  pretending  .to 

superior  sanctity. 
Pietist.     One  who  makes  a  show  of  religious  feeling;  a  hypocrite. 
Precisian.     One  rigid  or  ceremonious  in   the  observance   of  rules 

and  forms;  hence,  one  not  religious  at  heart. 
Purist.  One  who  pretends  to  excessive  purity. 
Puritan.     Members  of  the  English  Church  who  advocated  simpler 

forms  of  faith  and  worship  than  those  established  by  law;  one 

strict  in  his  religious  life;  originally,  a  term  of  ridicule. 
Ranter.     A  raving  declaimer  on  religious  matters. 
Religionist.     One  too  zealously  attached  to  a  religion. 
Sabbatarian.     A  strict  observer  of  the  Jewish  Sabbath. 
Sabbath-breaker.     One  who  violates  the  law  of  the  Sabbath. 
Sacrilegist.     One  guilty  of  violating  or  profaning  sacred  things. 
Saint.     An  ironical  expression  for  an  over-pious  person. 
Scoffer.     One  who  speaks  of  religious  subjects  in  derision. 
Sinner,  etc.     One  condemned  by  the  law  of  God.     See  Good  Man- 
Bad  Man. 
Sons  of  Belial.  ") 

Sons  of  men.  /-Wicked  and  depraved  persons. 

Sons  of  the  wicked  one.  > 
Tartufe.     A  hypocritical  priest,  the  hero  of  Moliere's  comedy  of  that 

name. 
The  evil. 
The  reprobate. 
The  unjust. 
The  wicked. 
Worldling.     One  neglectful  of  his  spiritual  life,  in  his  devotion  to 

temporal  pursuits  and  enjoyments. 

Ungodliness — Verbs. 
Be  impious.     See  Adjectives. 
Blaspheme.     To  utter  blasphemy. 
Commit  sacrilege.     See  Nouns. 
Desecrate.     To  violate  the  sanctity  of. 

Idolize.     To  worship  an  image  as  the  representative  of  God. 
Profane.      To  violate  anything  sacred,  as  the   temple  by  money 

changers. 
Revile.    .To  abuse  with  contemptuous  language. 
Scoff.     To  manifest  ridicule  or  contempt  for. 

Snuffle.  To  take  offense;  to  talk  through  the  nose  sanctimoniously. 
Swear,  etc.  To  use  profane  language.  See  Charitableness-Curse 
Turn  up  the  whites  of  one's  eyes.  To  get  very  angry,  sanctimoniously 

Ungodliness — Adjectives. 

Bigoted.     Unreasonably  devoted  to  a  creed,  opinion,  or  party. 
Blasphemous.     Sacrilegious  in  the  use  of  God's  name. 
Canting.     Affectedly  pious. 
Desecrating.     See  Verbs. 
Fanatical.     Moved  by  intemperate  zeal. 
Hardened.     Fixed  in  error  or  vice. 

Hypocritical,  etc.     False  in  religious  pretensions.     See  Truthpul- 
ness-Falsehood. 


Sinners. 


GODLINESS— UNGODLINESS. 


456 


GODLINESS— DISBELIEF. 


GODLINESS— UNGODLINESS— Com*jmm«*. 


GODLINESS— Adjectives— Continued. 

Humble.     Thinking  lowly  of  oneself. 

Inspired.     See  Verbs. 

Justified.     See  Verbs. 

Not  of  the  earth.     Heavenly. 

Pietistic.     Making  an  ostentatious  display  of  religion. 

Pious.     Having  piety;  religious. 

Pure.     Free  from  moral  defilement  or  guilt;  innocent. 

Regenerated.     See  Verbs. 

Religious.     Having  religion,  godly. 

Reverent.     Showing  due  respect  to  religion. 

Sacred.     Pertaining  to  religion  or  religious  services. 

Saintlike.     Resembling  a  saint. 

Saintly.     Like  a  saint. 

Sanctified.     See  Verbs. 

Seraphic.     Becoming  a  seraph;  pure,  sublime. 

Solemn.     Connected  with  religion ;  characteri7ed  by  seriousness. 

Spiritual.     Controlled  by  the  Divine  Spirit',  holy. 

Unearthly.     Supernatural. 

Godliness — Phrase. 
Ne  vile  farto  [L  ]      Let  there  be  nothing  vile  in  the  temple. 


UNGODLINESS—  Continued  from  Column  2. 
Ungodliness — Phrases. 
Giovine  santo,  diavolo  vecchio  [It.].     Young  saint,  old  devil. 
Ludere  cum  sacris  [L  ]      To  sport  with  things  sacred. 


UNGODLINESS— Adjectives— Continued. 

Impious.     Wickedly  and  boldly  defiant  of  God  and  his  law. 
Irreligious,    etc.     Wanting   faith    and   godliness.     See    Godliness. 

Disbelief. 
Irreverent.     Lacking  in  due  regard  for  the  Supreme  Being. 
Mammon  worship.     Devoted  to  money-getting. 
Overrighteous.     Affectedly  righteous. 
Perverted.     Corrupted;  led  astray. 
Pharisaical.     Resembling  the  Pharisees,  hence  hypocritical;    self- j 

righteous. 
Pietistical.     Ostentatiously  religious. 
Priest-ridden.     Governed  or  controlled  by  priests. 
Profane.     Not  sacred;  given  to  swearing. 
Reprobate.     Morally  depraved. 
Righteous  overmuch.     Overrighteous. 
Sacrilegious.     Violating  or  profaning  sacred  things. 
Sanctimonious.     Hypocritically  or  affectedly  pious  or  saintly. 
Unctuous.     Insincerely  fervid. 
Unhallowed:     Not  consecrated;  unholy. 
Unregenerate .     Not  renewed  in  heart. 
Unsanctified.     Not  sanctified  or  made  pure. 

Ungodliness — Adverbs^ 

Under  the  cloak  of  religion;  under  the  form  of  religion;  under  the 
guise  of  religion;  under  the  mask  of  religion;  under  the  pretense  of 
religion. 

(Continued  on  Column  1.) 


GODLINESS— DISBELIEF. 


Disbelief. 
Antichristianity.     Opposition  to  the  Christian  religion. 
Atheism.     Disbelief  in  the  existence  of  God. 
Deism.     The  belief  in  God  as  transcendent  only. 
Disbelief.     The  conviction  that  a  statement  or  doctrine  is  false. 
Doubt,  etc.     Want  of  conviction  referring  either  to  matters  of  belief 

or  practise.     See  Faith-Misgiving. 
Freethinking.      Disbelief  in  inspired  religion. 
Hylotheism.     The   doctrine  that  identifies  God  with  the  material 

universe;  pantheism. 
Incredulity.     A  withholding  of  belief;  disbelief. 
Incredulousness.     See  Adjectives. 
Indevotion.     Lack  of  devotion. 

Infidelity.  -  Want  of  belief  in  some  religious  system. 
Irreligion.     Want  of  religion. 

Laxity.     The  state  of  lacking  firmness  and  strictness  in  religion. 
Materialism.     The  doctrine  of  those  who  deny  the  existence  of  any 

object  but  matter. 
Nihilism.     The  doctrine  that  nothing  can  be  known. 
Pantheism.     The  doctrine  that  nature  is  God. 
Positivism.     A  system  of  philosophy  which  excludes  from  philosophy 

everything   except    the    natural    phenomena    and    properties    of 

knowable  things. 
Pyrrhonism.     Universal  doubt.    [Pyrrho,  a  Greek  philosopher.] 
Quietism.     The  doctrine  that  religion  consists  in  the  withdrawal  of 

the  mind  from  all  worldly  thoughts  and  interests  and  its  constant 

employment  in  religious  contemplation. 
Rationalism.     The    doctrine   of   those   who   deduce   their   religious 

beliefs  from  reason,  as  opposed  to  revelation. 
Skepticism.     The  doctrine  that  all  knowledge  is  uncertain. 
Unbelief.     Failure  to  admit  or  believe. 
Ungodliness.     The  quality  or  state  of  having  no  reverence  for  God. 

See  Adjectives. 
Want  of  belief.!  t  c      r-    1 

Want  of  faith.  I  Inference  for  God. 

Disbelief — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Alien.     One  estranged  from  truth  or  the  favor  of  God. 

Atheist.     One  who  denies  the  existence  of  a  God. 

Deist.  One  who  believes  in  the  existence  of  a  God,  but  denies 
revealed  religion . 

Esprit  fort  [P.].     A  freethinker. 

Freethinker.  One  who  forms  opinions  independent  of  the  authority 
of  revelation  or  of  the  Church. 

Gentile.    One  neither  a  Jew  nor  a  Christian;  a  worshiper  of  false  gods. 

Giaour.  An  infidel,  especially  one  who  does  not  believe  in  the  faith 
of  the  Mohammedans. 

Heathen.     One  who  worships  idols  and  denies  the  true  God. 

Infidel.  One  who  does  not  believe  in  the  inspiration  of  the  Scrip- 
tures and  the  supernatural  origin  of  Christianity. 

Latitudtnarian.  One  who  indulges  unwarranted  freedom  in  religious 
•  minions. 

Materialist.      One  who  denies  the  existence  nf  spiritual  substances. 

tfazarene.     In  the  first  and  second  centuries  of  Christianity,  a  Juda- 


izing  Christian  who  observed  the  law  of  Moses  and  held  to  certain 

heresies. 
Nihilist.     One  who  believes  that  nothing  can  be  known,  or  asserted 

to  exist. 
Positivist.      A  believer  in  a  system  of   philosophy  which  excluded 

everything  but  the  natural  phenomena  or  properties  of  knowable 

things. 
Pyrrhonist.     An  absolute  skeptic. 
Rationalist.     One  who  deduces  his  religious  opinions  from  reason  or 

the  understanding  as  opposed  to  revelation. 
Skeptic.     A  person  who  doubts  the  existence  or  perfection  of  God, 

or  the  truth  of  revelation. 
Unbeliever.     One  who  does  not  believe  that  the  Bible  Is  a  divine 

revelation. 

Disbelief — Verbs. 
Be  irreligious.     See  Adjectives. 
Dechristianize.  .To  turn  from  Christianity. 
Disbelieve.     To  refuse  to  believe. 
Doubt.     To  be  undecided  as  to  belief. 
Lack  faith.     To  be  infidel. 

Question,  etc.     To  raise  a  doubt  concerning,  etc.     See  Faith-Mis- 
giving. 

Disbelief — Adjectives. 

Antichristian.     Opposed  to  Christianity. 

Atheistic.     Denying  the  existence  of  God. 

Carnal.     Relating  to  the  body  or  its  appetites. 

Deistical.     Pertaining  to  deism. 

Devoutless.     Wanting  devotion. 

Earthly.     Belonging  to  this  world;  not  spiritual. 

Faithless.     Not  believing  in  God  or  religion. 

Freethinking.      Denying  revealed  religion. 

Godless.     Without  belief  in  the  existence  of  God. 

Graceless.     Gone  away  from  divine  grace. 

Incredulous.     Not  disposed  to  admit  or  believe. 

Indevout.     Not  attentive  to  religion. 

Irreligious.     Indifferent  to  things  sacred. 

Lacking  faith.     Not  believing  in. 

Mundane.     Worldly  as  opposed  to  spiritual. 

Skeptical.     Inclined  to  question  the  grounds  for  belief 

Unbelieving.     Not  believing. 

Unchristian.     Not  believing  in  Christ. 

Unconverted.     Not  turned  to  God. 

Undevout.     Irreligious. 

Ungodly.     Without  faith  in  God. 

Unhallowed.!  Without  reverence  for  God. 

Unholy.         J 

Unsanctified.     Not  cleansed  from  sin. 

Without  God.     Irreligious. 

Worldly.     Relating  to  this  world  or  life;  temporal. 

Worldly-minded.     Ungodly. 


Irreligiously. 


Disbfi.iep — Adverb. 
See  A  djcctives . 


GODLY. 


457 


GOOD. 


god'-ly.  Pious.  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Virtue- 
Vice. 

god'-moth"-er.  A  female  sponsor.  Parentage-Prog- 
eny. 

god'-send".  Good  fortune  looked  upon  as  coming  from 
God.    Good-Evil,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

god'-ship.     Deity.     Divinity. 

God'-speed".  Success.  Approval-Disapproval,  Ar- 
rival-Departure, Charitablenes's-Malevolence, 
Politeness  -  Impoliteness,  Sanguineness  -  Hope- 
lessness. 

go'-er.     Something  swift.     Conveyer. 

goes.  See  Go.  As  one  goes,  Transfer;  here  goes, 
Enterprise. 

Gog  and  Ma'-gog.  Two  effigies  in  the  Guildhall,  Lon- 
don.    Greatness-Littleness. 

gog'-gle.  To  stare.  Sight-Blindness;  goggle  eyes, 
Sight-Dimsightedness. 

gog'-gle-eyed".  Having  large  prominent  eyes.  Sight- 
Dimsightedness. 

gog'-gles.     Kind  of  eye-protectors.     Optical  Instru 

MENTS. 

go'-ing.  See  Go.  Life-Death,  Movement -Rest, 
Tidings-Mystery,  Universality-Particularity  ; 
going  on,  Completion-Noncompletion,  Entirety- 
Deficiency,  Occupation,  Occurrence-Destiny. 

Gol-con'-da.  Mine  of  great  city  in  India,  famous  for 
diamonds.     Affluence-Penury. 

gold.  A  yellow  metal.  Blueness-Orange,  Chemis- 
try, Money,  Yellowness-Purple;  worth  its  weight 
in  gold,  Goodness-Badness;  write  in  letters  of  gold, 
Consequence-Insignificance. 

gold'-en.  Made  of  gold;  valuable;  best.  Yellowness- 
Purple;  golden  age,  Pleasure-Pain,  Welfare- 
Misfortune;  golden  apple,  Motive-Caprice;  golden 
calf,  Affluence-Penury,  Devotion-Idolatry, 
Revelation -Pseudorevelation;  golden  dream, 
Fancy,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  golden  mean, 
Mediocrity,  Medium,  Midcourse-Circuit,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness; golden  opinions,  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Reputation-Discredit;  golden  rule, 
Precept;  golden  season  of  life,  Infancy-Age. 

golf.  An  out-door  game.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

Gol'-go-tha.  Place  of  Christ's  crucifixion.  Fane, 
Life-Funeral. 

Go-li'-ath.  A  Philistine  giant.  Greatness-Little- 
ness, Strength-Weakness. 

golondrina  no  hace  verano,  una  [Sp.].  (go-lon-dri'- 
na  no  ath'-e  ver-a'-no,  u'-na) .  One  swallow  does  not 
make  a  summer.     Completion-Noncompletion. 

go-losh'-es.     See  Galosh. 

gon'-do-la.  Long,  narrow  boat.  Conveyance-Ves- 
sel. 

gon"-do-lier'  A  gondola-rower.  Wayfarer- Sea- 
farer. 

gone.  See  G-).  Appearance-Disappearance,  Entity- 
Nonentity,  Future -Past,  Life -Death,  Pres- 
ence-Abssnce;  gone  bad,  Cleanness-Filthiness; 
gone  by,  Future-Past,  Novelty-Antiquity;  gone 
out  of  one's  recollection,  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness. 

gon'-fa-lon.     Ensign.     Sign. 

gong.     Bell.     Musical  Instruments. 

go"-ni-om'-e-ter.  Instrument  for  measuring  angles. 
Angularity,  Mensuration,  Mineralogy. 

go"-ni-om'-e-try.  Art  of  measuring  angles.  Angu- 
larity. 

good.  Excellent.  Approval-Disapproval,  Assent-Dis- 
sent,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Godliness-Ungodli- 
ness, Good-Evil,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Palatable- 
ness-Unpalatableness,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Right-Wrong,  Virtue-Vice;  as  good  as, 
Remoteness-Nearness;  be  good  enough,  Petition- 


Expostulation;  be  so  good  as,  Petition-Expostu- 
lation; do  good,  Charitableness -Malevolence, 
Goodness-Badness;  for  good,  Conversion,  Health- 
Sickness,  Lastingness-Transientness,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness;  good  actions,  Virtue -Vice; 
good  as  one's  v/ord,  Observance  -Nonobserv- 
ance,  Truthfulness -Falsehood,  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty;  good  at,  Skill  -  Unskilfulness; 
good  at  the  price,  Costliness -Cheapness;  good 
auspices,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  good 
behavior,  Contingent-Duration,  Devotion-Ma- 
gician, Duty-Dereliction,  Virtue-Vice;  good-bye, 
Arrival-Departure;  good  chance,  Likelihood- 
Unlikelihood;  good  cheer,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Nutriment-Excretion;  good  circum- 
stances, Affluence -Penury;  good  condition, 
Greatness -Littleness;  good  day,  Arrival-De- 
parture, Politeness-Impoliteness;  good  effect, 
Beauty- Ugliness,  Goodness -Badness;  good 
enough,  Faultlessness-Faultiness;  good  fellow, 
Sociability-Privacy;  good  fellowship,  Friend-Foe; 
good  fight,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Virtue-Vice; 
good  for,  Healthiness-Unhealthiness,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness;  good  for  nothing,  Might-Im- 
potence, Usefulness-Uselessness;  good  fortune, 
Good-Evil,  Success-Failure,  Welfare-Misfor- 
tune; good  genius,  Benefactor-Evildoer,  Friend- 
Foe,  Jove-Fiend;  good  hand,  Adept-Bungler, 
Writing-Printing;  good  humor,  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Light- 
heartedness  -  Dejection,  Politeness  -  Impolite- 
ness, Variance-Accord;  good  intention,  Charita- 
bleness-Malevolence; good  judgment,  Discovery, 
Sagacity-Incapacity;  good  lack,  Astonishment- 
Expectance;  good  living,  Fasting-Gluttony,  Nu- 
triment-Excretion; good  lookout,  Carefulness- 
Carelessness;  good  looks,  Beauty -Ugliness; 
good  luck,  Purpose-Luck,  Welfare-Misfortune; 
good  man,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Goodness-Badness, 
Matrimony-Celibacy,  Male-Female;  good  man- 
ners, Politeness-Impoliteness;  good  morrow,  Ar- 
rival-Departure, Politeness-Impoliteness;  good 
name,  Reputation-Discredit;  good  nature,  Chari- 
tableness-Malevolence; good  offices,  Amity- 
Hostility,  Charitableness-Malevolence,  Media- 
tion; good  old  time,  Future-Past;  good  omen,  San- 
guineness-Helplessness  ;  good  opinion,  Approval- 
Disapproval;  good  pennyworth,  Costliness-Cheap- 
ness; good  repute,  Reputation-Discredit;  good 
sense,  Sagacity-Incapacity;  good  society,  Society- 
Ludicrousness;  good  taste,  Taste- Vulgarity; 
good  temper,  Politeness-Impoliteness;  good  thing, 
Goodness-Badness;  good  time,  Earliness-Late- 
ness,  Opportuneness,  Unsuitableness,  Welfare- 
Misfortune;  good  turn,  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Good- Evil;  good  understanding,  Amity- 
Hostility,  Variance-Accord;  good  wife,  Male- 
Female,  Matrimony-Celibacy;  good-will,  Char- 
itableness-Malevolence, Presumption-Obsequi- 
ousness, Readiness- Reluctance;  good  word, 
Approval  -  Disapproval,  Justification  -  Charce; 
good  works,  Charitableness-Malevolence;  in 
good  case,  Greatness -Littleness;  in  good  odor, 
Approval  -  Disapproval,  Reputation  -  Discredit; 
in  one's  good  books,  Amity-Hostility;  in  one's 
good  graces,  Amity -Hostility;  make  good, 
Atonement,  Completion-Noncompletion,  Due- 
ness  -  undueness,  evidence  -  counterevidence, 
Justification  -  Charge,  Mutability  -  Stability, 
Renovation -Relapse;  much  good  may  it  do, 
Charitableness-Malevolence;  put  a  good  face 
upon,  Justification-Charge,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Pomp,  Selfrespect-Humbleness;  so 
far  so  good,   Approval-Disapproval,   Good-Evil; 


GOOD. 


458 


GOOD— EVIL,. 


take  in  good  part,  Charitableness-Malevolence, 
Pleasure-Pain,  Politeness-Impoliteness  ;  think 
good,  Approval-Disapproval,  Readiness-Reluc- 
tance; to  good  purpose,  Success-Failure;  to   the 


food,   Property;  turn  to  good  account,   Success-' 
ailjjre;  what's   the    good,    Usefulness-Useless-,) 

NESS. 


GOOD—EVIL. 


Advantage.     Something  serving  for  good. 

Behalf.     The  best  interests  of  any  one. 

Behoof.     That  which  is  of  good  to  any  one. 

Benefit.     Anything  tending  to  the  good  of  some  one. 

Boot.     That  which  is  of  great  good  to  any  one. 

Commonweal.     The  general  good . 

Consummation  devoutly  to  be  wished.     An  end  greatly  to  be  desired. 

Gain.     That  which  is  acquired  as  an  advantage. 

Good.     The  quality  of  being  morally  excellent. 

Improvement.     The  act  of  making  better.     See  Betterment. 

Interest.     That  which  serves  for  good. 

Profit.     Any  accession  of  good. 

Service.     Any  act  done  for  the  good  of  another. 

Summum  bonum  [L.]     The  highest  good. 

Weal.     Prosperity,  happiness,  or  welfare  of  human  beings. 

World  of  good.     The  greatest  possible  good. 

Good — Concrete  Nouns 

Boon.     That  which  is  asked  or  granted  as  a  benefit  or  favor. 

Godsend.     An  unexpected  acquisition  or  piece  of  good  fortune. 

Harvest.     Gain  or  reward  as  the  product  of  any  exertion  or  labor 

Nuts.     An  unexpected  piece  of  good  luck. 

Prize.     A  valuable  possession  held  or  in  prospect. 

Treasure  trove.     Any  money,  bullion,  or  the  like  found  hidden,  the 

owner  of  which  is  not  known. 
Waif.     Property  found  without  an  owner;  thrown  away  by  a  thief. 
Windfall.     An  unexpected  legacy  or  other  gain. 

Good — Associated  Nouns. 

Good  fortune.     An  advantage  coming  from  chance 

Goodness.     The  quality  of  being  good.     See  Goodness. 

Good  luck.     See  Good  fortune.  • 

Good  turn       A  good  action. 

Happiness.     Pleasure  coming  from  the  possession  of  goodness.     See 

Pleasure. 
Luck.     Fortunate  dealings. 
Main  chance.     That  which  brings  prosperity. 

Piece  of  good  fortune.)  Something  which  brings  unexpected  success 
Piece  of  good  luck        /      or  prosperity. 
Pleasure-giving.     Making  happy  by  doing  good.     See  Pleasura- 

BLENESS. 

Remedy.     That  which  makes  better.     See  Remedy. 
Utility.     Fitness  for  doing  good.     See  Usefulness. 

Good — Adjectives. 

Beneficial,  etc.     Affording  good.     See  Goodness. 
Commendable,  etc.     To  be  praised  for  goodness.     See  Approval. 
Good,  etc.     Possessing  moral  excellence.     See  Goodness. 
Useful,  etc.     Serving  a  good  purpose.     See  Usefulness. 

Good — Adverbs. 

All  for  the  best.     In  every  respect  favorable. 

Aright.     In  a  good  manner. 

Favorably.     Propitiously. 

In  one's  favor.     }T  ,      ,  , 

In  one's  interest,  f  To  one  s  advanta8e  or  «ood- 

Wot  amiss.     Quite  well. 

Satisfactorily.     Answering  all  desires. 

To  one's  advantage.    Beneficially. 

Well.     In  a  successful  manner. 


Magnum  bonum  [L.J. 
So  far  s  *  good. 


Good — Phrases. 
A  great  good. 


EVIL — Continued  from  Column  a. 
Evil — Adverbs. 

Amiss.     Out  of  the  proper  and  usual  order. 
DI.     Not  well ;  unfortunately. 
To  one's  cost.     Causing  evil  to  oneself. 
Wrong.     In  an  evil  or  incorrect  manner. 


Crying  evil.     A  great  and  distressing  evil. 

Evil.     Something  of  an  injurious  or  morally  bad  nature. 

Harm.     An  evil  which  inflicts  injury  or  loss. 

Hurt.     An  evil  causing  pain  either  physical  or  mental. 

111.     Anything  that  prevents  or  diminishes  what  is  good. 

Ills  that  flesh  is  heir  to.     Evils  inherent  in  the  body. 

Machinations  of  the  devil.     Evil  contrivances  of  Satan. 

Mischief.     Malicious  evil. 

Nuisance.     Anything  that  works  evil. 

Evil — Denotations. 

Accident.     An  undesigned  and  unforeseen  occurrence  of  an  afflictive^ 

or  unfortunate  character. 
Adversity.     A  state  of  adverse  fortune. 

Bad  turn  i  ^"n  affa*r  or  event  which  affects  one  unfortunately. 

Bale.     That  which  causes  ruin. 

Bane.     Any  cause  of  ruin  or  lasting  injury. 

Calamity.     Any  great  misfortune  or  cause  of  misery. 

Casualty.     An  unforeseen  injury  of  the  body. 

Catastrophe.     A  final  event  of  a  calamitous  or  disastrous  nature. 

Damage.     Injury  or  harm  to  person,  property,  or  reputation. 

Devil  to  pay.     Trouble. 

Disaster.     A  sudden  and  extraordinary  misfortune. 

Disservice.     Injury,  harm,  or  mischief. 

Foul  play.  Any  conduct  that  is  intended  to  take  another  at  an  un- 
fair advantage. 

Grievance.     A  wrong  done  and  suffered. 

Ill  turn.     Any  action  or  conduct  calculated  to  injure  another 

Jmmedicabile  vulnus  [L.].     An  incurable  wound. 

Injury.     Any  damage  or  hurt  done  to  a  person  or  thing. 

Loss.     The  act  of  losing ;  destruction. 

Misfortune.     Unhappy  conditions;  adventures  that  fail, 

Mishap.     Evil  accident;  misfortune.     See  Welfare-Misfortune 

Outrage.     Injurious  violence  or  wrong  done  to  persons  or  things. 

Pandora's  box.  Source  of  evil;  from  the  box  of  Pandora,  whence 
escaped  all  human  ills. 

Ruin.  Such  a  change  of  anything  as  destroys  it.  See  Creation- 
Destruction. 

Spoliation.     Robbery  or  plunder.     See  Thbft. 

Tragedy.     Any  event  in  which  human  lives  are  lost  by  violence 

Wrong.     An  act  which  inflicts  injury  on  a  person. 

Evil — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Badness.     Anything  that  produces  or  causes  evil. 

Bane.     That  which  causes  evil. 

Blow.     A  sudden  and  violent  infliction  of  injury. 

Bruise.     The  evil  effects  of  a  blow  upon  the  skin. 

Buffet.     A  blow,  especially  with  the  hand. 

Demon.     An  evil  spirit.     See  Jove-Fiend. 

Disadvantage.     That  which  is  prejudicial  to  success. 

Drawback.     A  hindrance . 

Evil-doer.     One  who  makes  a  practise  of  acting  maliciously.     Sea 

Benefactor-Evildoer. 
Gash.     A  long,  deep  flesh-wound. 

Mental  suffering.     Evil  suffered  in  the  mind.     See  Pleasure-Pain. 
Mortal  blow.     A  blow  inflicting  death. 
Mortal  wound.     A  wound  resulting  in  death. 

Mutilation.     The  act  of  depriving  of  an  essential  part  of  the  body. 
Painfulness.     The  state  of  being  full  of  suffering.     See  Pleasurable- 

ness-Painfulness. 
Prejudice.     Detriment,  as  arising  from  a  hasty  and  unfair  judgment 
Scratch.     A  slight  skin-wound. 
Stroke.     Any  sudden  attack  of  evil. 
Wound.     A  hurt  or  injury  to  the  body. 

Evil — Verb. 
Be  in  trouble.     See  Welfare-Misfortune. 

Evil — Adjectives, 
Awry.     In  an  evil  course . 
Bad.     Marked  by  evil. 

Disastrous.     Occasioning  or  accompanied  by  evil. 
Out  of  ioint      {Jone  wrong. 

(Continued  on  Column  i.) 


GOODLY. 


459 


GOODNESS. 


good'-ly.  Well-built;  beautiful.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Good-Evil,  Greatness-Littleness,  Magnitude- 
Smallness. 


good   man. 
Man. 


An   upright   person.      Good    Man-Bad 


GOOD  MAN— BAD  MAN. 


Anvil.     A  person  good  to  a  superhuman  degree. 
AristWes.     A  Grecian  eminently  good  in  public  life,  called  the  Just. 
Benefactor.     One  who  helps  his  fellow  man.     bee  Benefactor. 
Brick.     A  man  good  to  be  depended  upon. 
Church-goer.     A  regular  attendant  at  religious  service. 
Demi-god.     A  good  man  with  the  attributes  of  a  god. 
Good  example.     A  type  of  a  good  man. 
Good  man.     A  morally  or  spiritually  excellent  man. 
Hero.     A  good  man  distinguished  for  valor;  a  demi-god. 
Innocent.     A  good  man   distinguished  for  innocence.    See  Inno- 
cence. 
Model.     One  whose  goodness  may  be  used  as  a  pattern. 
Paragon.     A  perfectly  good  man.     See  Faultlessness. 
Philanthropist.     One  who  loves  his  fellow  man  and  acts  accordingly. 

See  HUMANITARIANISM. 

Rough  diamond.     A  good,  but  unpolished  man. 
Saint.     A  holy  person.     See  Godliness. 
Seraph.     A  person  of  the  highest  goodness. 
Trump.     A  very  agreeable  good  man ;  a  trump  card. 
Worthy      A  man  of  eminent  goodness  and  worth. 

Good  Man — Phrases. 

One  in  ten  thousand.     An  exceptionally  good  man. 
Salt  of  the  earth.     The  best  people  of  the  earth.   [Bible.) 
Si  sic  omnes  [L.].     If  all  were  so  good. 


BAD  MAN — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Reptile.     A  sneaking  and  treacherous  person. 

Riffraff.     The  scum  of  society. 

Rip.     A  thoroughly  worthless  and  vicious  fellow. 

Rogue.     An  idle,  disreputable  person.     Set;  Uprightnp.ss-Rogu». 

Rout  [F.j.     A  profligate. 

Rough.     A  low  and  violent  bad  man. 

Rowdy.     A  bad  man  distinguished  for  engaging  in  rows. 

Ruffian.     A  lawless  or  brutal  fellow. 

Runagate .    0ne  wnQ  deserts  a  cause  •  a  fugitive. 

Renegade J 

Runnion.     A  scurvy  person. 

Sad  dog.     A  miserable  wretch. 

Scamp.     A  confirmed  rogue. 

Scapegrace.     A  worthless  creature. 

Scoundrel.     A  low,  petty  villain. 

Scum  of  the  earth.     The  lowest  and  worst  class  of  people. 

Serpent.    An  insinuating  and  treacherous  person,  like  the  old  serpent. 

Sinner.     A  person  who  violates  the  moral  law. 

■Sneak.     A  cowardly  fellow  with  an  underhand  manner. 

The  wicked.     People  who  are  bad  in  principle  and  practise. 

Thief.     A  bad  man  who  steals. 

Ticket-of-leave   man.     A  convict  who  is  allowed  to  leave  prison 

before  the  end  of  his  term  on  condition  of  good  behavior. 
Tiger.     A  dissolute  bully. 

TJgly  customer.     A  bad-tempered  man  who  is  hard  to  handle. 
Urchin.     A  mischievous  bad  boy. 

Vagabond.     A  worthless  fellow  with  no  definite  residence. 
Varlet.     A  scoundrel. 

Varmin.     Any  person  or  animal  considered  as  troublesome. 
Vaurien  [F.].     A  good-for-nothing  scamp. 

Villain.     A  very  bad  man  capable  or  guilty  of  great  wickedness. 
Viper.     A  person  with  an  evil  disposition  towards  others. 
Whelp.     A  contemptible  young  man  or  boy. 
Workers  of  iniquity.     Those  who  strive  to  bring  about  evil. 
Wretch.     One  sunk  in  the  deepest  unhappiness  and  vice. 
Wrong-doer.     An  offender  against  the  moral  law. 

Bad  Man — Phrases. 

Acherontis  pabulum  [L.].     Food  for  Acheron. 

Arcades  ambo  [L.].     Arcadians  both ;  "  Blackguards  both."  [Byron.] 

Pastoral  poets.     [Virgil,  Bucolics,    7,  4.] 
Ecrasez  I'infatne  [F.].     Crush  the  wretch. 
Gibier  de  potence  [F.].     Game  for  the  gibbet. 
Mali  exempli  [L.J.     Of  bad  example. 
Sirrah!     Fellow:  an  expression  of  contempt. 


Ame  damnie  [F.].     A  damned  soul. 

Ante  de  boue  [F.].     A  base-minded  person. 

Bad  example.     A  type  which  bad  men  pattern  after. 

Bad  man.     An  immoral  man. 

Bad  woman.     An  immoral  woman. 

Basilisk.     A  fabled  creature  whose  breath  and  look  were  fatal. 

Blackguard.     A  low,  bad  man. 

Black  sheep.     A  bad  outcast. 

Bully.     A  quarrelsome,  threatening,  cowardly  fellow. 

Caitiff.     A  cowardly  b-^d  man. 

Castaway.     One  who  has  been  cast  adrift  in  the  world  because  of 

his  badness. 
Cockatrice.     A  beautiful  and  fascinating  bad  woman. 
Convict.     A  bad  man  found  guilty  of  crime. 
Criminal.     One  who  has  done  a  crime. 
Cullion.     A  mean-spirited  and  cowardly  bad  man. 
Culprit.     One  charged  directly  with  crime. 
Cur.     A  mean  or  malicious  bad  man. 
Defaulter.     One  who  embezzles  money  held  in  trust. 
Delinquent.     One  who  neglects  to  perform  his  duties. 
Demon  in  human  shape.     A  very  wicked  and  cruel  bad  man. 
Devil.     A  wicked  or  malignant  bad  man.     See  Jove-Fieni*. 
Devil  incarnate.     An  exceedingly  wicked  man. 
Dog.     A  despicable  bad  man. 
Drdle  [F.].     A  low,  saucy  fellow. 

Evil-doer.     One  who  does  wicked  acts.     See  Evildoer. 
Fallen  angel.     A  bad  person  who  was  once  very  good. 
Felon.     A  bad  man  who  has  committed  an  atrocious  violation  of  th« 

law. 
Hangman.     A  bad  man  of  the  lowest  order. 
Hell-cat.     A  furious  or  spiteful  woman. 
Hell-hound.     A  diabolical  and  savage  bad  man. 
Hound.     A  dastardly  bad  man. 

Incendiary.     A  bad  man  who  maliciously  sets  buildings  on  fire. 
Jade.     A  vicious  woman  of  a  low  order. 
Jail-bird.     A  bad  man  who  has  been  imprisoned. 
Jezebel.     A  bold  and  contriving  bad  woman.     [Bible.] 
Jonathan  Wild.     A  notorious  highwayman.     Hero  of  a  novel  of  D«- 

Foe  and  a  life  by  Fielding. 
Kern.     A  country  lout. 
Law-breaker.     One  who  disobeys  the  law. 
Loafer.     One  who  lounges  about. 
Loon.     A  stupid  good-for-nothing. 
Loom  fish.     A  dangerous  or  good-for-nothing  person. 
Lost  sheep.    One  wandering  from  the  paths  of  righteousness.  [Bible.] 

Lown.     Lout. 

Malefactor.     One  who  violates  the  law  in  a  flagrant  manner. 

Mauvais  sujet  [F.].     A  worthless  scamp. 

Mean  wretch.     A  bad  man  with  a  contemptible  spirit. 

Misanthrope.     One  who  hates  and  mistrusts  all  mankind. 

Miscreant.     A  vile  and  unprincipled  bad  man  ;  unbeliever;  infidel. 

Misdemeanant.     One  who  commits  any  offense  less  than  felony. 

Mongrel.     One  who  represents  an  incongruous  mixture  of  badness. 

Monster.     An  unnatural  and  inhuman  bad  man. 

Mucker.     A  low,  rough  fellow. 

Murderer.     One  who  kills  another  with  malice  prepense. 

Nana  Sahib.     A  cruel,  petty  tyrant. 

Ne'er  do  well.     A  hopeless  good-for-nothing. 

Nihilist.     One  devoted  to  the  destruction  of  political,  religious,  and 
social  institutions. 

One  who  has  sold  himself  to  the  devil.     A  slave  to  Satan. 

Outcast.     One  cast  out  of  decent  society  because  of  immorality. 

Outlaw.     A  bad  person  deprived  of  the  benefit  of  the  law. 

Pollison  [F.].     A  scapegrace. 

Prodigal.     A  spendthrift 

Rake.     A  man  addicted  to  lewd  acts. 

Rake-hell.     A  debauchee. 

Rapscallion.     A  man  too  bad  to  have  social  recognition. 

Rascal.     A  tricking,  dishonest  fellow. 

Rascallion.     A  low  and  mean  bad  man. 

Recreant.     A  cowardly  and  mean-spirited  bad  man. 

Reprobate.     A  person  given  up  wholly  to  sin. 

{Continued  on  Column  1.) 


good'-ness.     State    of    being    good.     Goodness-Bad- 
ness; goodness    gracious,    Astonishment-Expect- 


ance; goodness  of  heart,  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence; have  theeoodness,  Petition-Expostulation 


GOODNESS. 


460 


BADNESS. 


GOODNESS— BADNESS. 


Ai .     The  very  best. 

Beneficence.     The  practise  of  doing  good. 

Bijou.     A  jewel  wrought  in  gold. 

Brilliant.     A  diamond  of  the  finest  cut. 

Chef  d'auvre  [F.].     A  masterpiece . 

Cock  of  the  walk.     A  pompous  superior. 

Cock  of  the  roost.     A  haughty  chief. 

Coup  de  tnaitre  [F.]      A  master-stroke. 

Cream.      The  choice  of  anything. 

Crime  de  la  creme  [F.].     Cream  of  the  cream ;  the  very  choicest. 

Diamond.     A  costly  gem. 

£hte  [F.].     The  select  company. 

Excellence.     Superiority  in  anything. 

Flower.     The  best  and  finest  part. 

Flower  of  the  flock.     The  best  one. 

Gem.     A  precious  stone ;  a  small  and  perfect  work. 

Gem  of  the  first  water.     The  most  precious  gem. 

Good  man.     A  morally  excellent  man. 

Goodness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  good. 

Good  thing.     Anything  giving  pleasure  or  value  to  its  possessor. 

Jewel.     Anything  of  value  and  merit. 

Merit.     That  which  demands  consideration. 

Masterpiece.     A  production  of  supreme  excellence. 

Nonesuch.     Unmatched  excellence. 

Nonpareil.     Unqualified  superiority. 

One  in  a  thousand.     A  person  or  thing  whose  equal  is  rarely  met. 

Pearl.     Something  highly  esteemed. 

Perfection.     Supreme  excellence ;  transcendent  merit. 

Pick.     The  best. 

Precious  stone.     A  stone  highly  prized  for  beauty  or  value. 

Price.     Great  worth. 

Prime.     The  foremost  in  rank,  merit,  ability,  or  excellence. 

Raraavis  [L.].     Rare  bird;  a  thing  of  exceptional  value. 

Ruby.     A  deep  red  gem-stone;  anything  prized. 

Salt  of  the  earth.     Those  of  weight,  stability,  and  influence.     [Bible.] 

Supereminence.     Excessive  superiority. 

Superexcellence.     Merit  in  a  surpassing  degree. 

Superiority.     The  state  of  surpassing  in  merit,  morality,  ability,  or 

excellence 
Tidbit.     A  choice  morsel. 
Treasure.     Something   kept   or   cherished,    as   money,  jewels,    and 

wealth. 
Value.     Anything  that  has  power  in  exchange. 
Virtue.     Moral  goodness. 
Worth.     The  property  of  anything  which  makes  it  desirable  and 

useful. 

Goodness— Wrkr. 

Benefit.     To  do  good  to;  to  be  useful. 

Emulate.     To  strive  to  equal  or  excel  another. 

Excel.     To  surpass  another 

Improve.     To  make  better;  toincrease  in  value. 

Profit.     To  be  of  use  or  advantage  to. 

Rival.     To  strive  to  equal. 

Transcend.     To  surpass  all 

Vie.     To  contend  for  success  with  another. 

Goodness — Verbal  Expressions. 
Be  At;  bear  away  the  bell;  be  beneficial;  be  good;  be  the  making  of; 
break  no  bones;  challenge  comparison;  confer  a  benefit;  confer 
an  obligation;  do  a  good  turn;  do  a  world  of  good;  do  good;  do 
no  harm;  make  a  man  of;  pass  an  examination;  pass  muster; 
produce  a  benefit;  produce  a  good  effect;  produce  good;  stand 
the  pr oof;  stand  the  test. 

Goodness — Adjectives. 
Above  par.     Better  than  the  usual  quality. 
Admirable.     Excellent  in  a  high  degree. 
Advantageous.     Affording  advantage;  favorable. 
Beneficial.     Tending  to  help 
Best.     Of  the  highest  degree  of  excellence. 
Better.     Of  a  higher  degree  of  excellence  than  usual. 
Capital.     Of  the  first  quality. 
Cardinal.     Of  prime  or  special  importance. 
Choice.     Having  special  excellence. 
Costly,  etc      Of  great  value.     See  Costliness. 
Couleur  de  rose  [F  ].     Of  the  color  of  the  rose;  pleasant. 
Crack.     Of  superior  excellence ,  first-class. 
Edifying.     Tending  to  moral  or  spiritual  improvement- 
Elect.     Deserving  to  be  chosen  among  many. 
Estimable.     Deserving  of  good  opinion. 
Excellent.     Having  good  qualities  in  a  high  degree. 
Exquisite.     Fitted  to  excite  great  pleasure. 
Fair.     Pleasing  to  the  eye  or  mind. 


Abomination.  An  object  of  intense  dislike;  anything  hateful  or 
loathsome.  # 

Abuse.     A  corrupt  or  immoral  practise. 

Antari  aliquid  [L.J,     Something  bitter. 

Annoyance.     Something  continually  troublesome. 

Badness.     The  quality  of  lacking  moral  excellence. 

Bane.     A  deadly  poison ;  hence  anything  pernicious  or  fatal. 

Depravity.     Moral  degeneracy. 

Evil-doer.     A  worker  of  badness. 

Evil  star.     A  star  having  an  evil  influence  on  one's  destiny. 

Guilt.     The  state  of  one  who  violates  the  law. 

Hurtfulness.     The  state  of  being  injurious* 

Ill-treatment.     Mistreatment  by  another. 

Ill  wind.     Any  misfortune,  calamity,  or  disaster. 

Injury.  Molestation  of  one's  rights;  damage  to  a  man's  person  or 
property. 

Malevolence.     An  evil  disposition  towards  others. 

Malignity.  The  state  of  having  excessive  hatred  for  another;  viru- 
lent envy. 

Misanthropy.     Hatred  for  mankind. 

Misusage.     Improper  use. 

Molestation.     The  interference  with  one  to  injuriously  disturb  him. 

Oppression.  Requirement  of  unreasonable  exactions;  severity  in 
intercourse  with  men. 

Outrage.     Open  violence ;  wanton  abuse. 

Painfulness.     State  of  uneasiness,  distress,  or  mental  suffering. 

Peccancy.     State  of  being  guilty  of  transgression. 

Persecution.     The  persistent  harassing  or  molesting  of  one  hated. 

Pestilence.  Any  mortal  disease  sweepingly  destructive;  any  fatal  or 
harmful  power. 

Plague-spot.     A  center  of  moral  evil;  a  deadly  sign. 

Rotgut.     Bad  whisky. 

Skeleton  in  the  closet.     An  humiliating  family  secret. 

Snake  in  the  grass.     A  concealed  or  treacherous  enemy. 

Thorn  in  the  side.     A  bodily  defect  that  incapacitates  and  mortifies,. 

Tender  mercies.     [Ironically.]     Kindness 

Virulence.     Extreme  bitterness. 

Badness — Verbs. 
Abuse.     To  put  to  a  bad  use. 
Aggrieve.     To  afflict  one 
Bear  down.     To  weigh  down  upon  heavily. 
Bear  hard  upon.     To  press  on  one  with  violence. 
Be  hurtful.     To  do  harm. 

Bring  into  trouble.     To  put  into  a  position  of  distress  or  injury- 
Bruise.     T®  injure. 
Buffet.     To  strike  a  blow  with  the  fist. 
Cause  evil,  etc.     See  Good-Evil. 
Cause  hurt.     To  do  damage . 

Damnify.     To  inflict  damage  on  any  one;  injure  at  law. 
Destroy.     To  damage  by  pulling  down. 
Do  a  mischief.     To  injure. 

Do  evil.     To  do  wrong ;  act  badly ;  work  corruption. 
Do  harm.     To  injure. 
Do  mischief.     To  do  malicious  evil. 
Do  violence.    To  injure 
Endamage.     To  cause  injury  to 

Harm.  To  injure  by  causing  trouble,  inconvenience,  or  unpleasantness. 
Hurt.     To  cause  pain. 
Inflict  evil,  etc.     See  Good-Evil. 
Inflict  hurt.     To  injure. 

Injure.     To  infringe  upon  one's  rights  of  person  or  property. 
Ill-treat.     To  disregard  one's  obligations  toward  others. 
Ill-use.     Touse  badly;  abuse;  maltreat. 
Make  mischief.     To  harm  or  interfere  with. 
Maltreat.     To  treat  unkindly  or  abusively. 
Maul.     To  rudely  buffet. 
Molest.     To  harm  by  interference. 

Oppress.     To  press  hard  upon ;  to  impose  unreasonable  burdens. 
Outrage.     To  openly  and  recklessly  injure. 
Overburden.     To  impose  unreasonable  burdens. 
Pain.     To  hurt  one's  feelings  by  physical  or  mental  injury. 
Persecute.     To  incessantly  injure;  to  systematically  oppress. 
Pierce.     To  enter  forcibly. 
Produce  evil,  etc.     See  Good-Evil. 
Put  upon.     To  oppress. 
Run  down.     To  weaken  in  health. 
Scratch.     To  lacerate  and  hurt  the  skin. 
Smite.     To  strike  with  the  hand  or  weapon. 
Stab.     To  inflict  a  wound  by  a  pointed  weapon. 
Trample  upon.     To  crush  down  under  foot. 
Tread  upon.     To  press  under  foot. 
Victimize.     To  make  a  dupe  of. 


GOODNESS. 


461 


GOODNESS  — BADNESS. 


GOODNESS — BADNESS— Continued. 


GOODNESS— Adjectives— Continued. 

Favorable.     Affording  means  to  aid  or  benefit. 

Fine.     Excellent  or  superior  in  character,  form,  or  appearance. 

First^te!')  0f  the  best  quality' 

Fresh.     Having  undiminished  excellence. 

Genuine,  etc.     Not  false  or  spurious.     See  Truth  . 

Good.     Desirable,  or  excellent  in  any  respect. 

Good  as  gold.     Of  high  value 

Harmless.     Without  hurt  or  loss. 

High-wrought.     Skilfully  or  finely  made. 

Hurtless.     Harmless, 

Inestimable.     Above  price;  very  excellent. 

In  fair  condition.     Moderately  good. 

In  good  condition.     Unimpaired. 

Inimitable.     Surpassingly  excellent. 

Innocent.     Free  from  qualities  that  can  harm  or  injure. 

Innocuous.     Producing  no  bad  effects. 

Inoffensive.     Not  displeasing. 

Invaluable.     Beyond  price;  very  excellent. 

Nice.     Pleasing  to  the  senses. 

Of  great  price.     Valuable,  or  desirable. 

Of  the  first  water.     Of  the  highest  excellence  or  purity. 

Of  value.     Desirable. 

Picked.     High  est -rated. 

Pleasing.     Agreeable  to  the  senses. 

Praiseworthy,  etc.     Deserving  of  praise.     See  Approval. 

Precious.     Highly  prized. 

Precious  as  the  apple  of  the  eye.     Of  the  highest  value  to  a  person. 

Priceless.     Above  price;  very  excellent. 

Prime.     Of  the  first  quality. 

Profitable,     Yielding  gain  or  benefit 

Propitious.     Attended    by    favorable    prospects   or  circumstances. 
See  Sanguineness. 

Rare.     Highly  valued  because  of  infrequency. 

Recherche  [P.J.     Much  sought  after. 

Salutary,  etc.     Tending  to  promote  good.     See  Healthiness. 
Satisfactory.     Fulfilling  every  desire. 
Select.     Taken  as  being  most  excellent. 

Serviceable,  etc.     Such  as  does  serve  a  useful  purpose.     See  Useful- 
ness. 
Sound,  etc.     Free  from  defect  or  injury      See  Faultlessness. 
Standard,  etc.     Of  a  very  high  type  or  kind      See  Faultlessness 
Superexcellent.     Of  superior  excellence. 
Superfine.     Of  the  very  best  quality 
Superlatively  good,  etc.     Of  the  very  highest  degree  of  goodness. 

See  Supremacy. 
Tidy.     Fairly  well  and  comfortable. 
Tip-top.     Best  of  its  kind. 
Tolerable,  etc.     Passably  or  moderately  good.     See  Faultlessness- 

Faultiness. 
Unexceptionable.     As  good  as  any 
Unobjectionable.     Without  defect. 
Unobnoxious.     Without  harmful  qualities 
Unparagoned.     Matchless. 

Unparalleled,  etc.     Without  an  equal.     See  Supremacy. 
Up  to  the  mark.     Satisfactory. 
Valuable.     Costly. 

Very  best.     Of  the  highest  degree  of  excellence. 
Worth  a  Jew's  eye.  \  „  ,     .  .  ,  , 

Worth  its  weight  in  gold,  i  0f  the  hl«hest  value. 

Goodness — Adverbs. 
Beneficially,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Well,  etc.     See  Good. 

Goo  d  n  e  s  s— Phrase. 
Eigner  Herd  ist  Goldes  werth  [G.].    One's  own  hearth   has  golden 
worth. 


BADNESS — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Pernicious.     Thoroughly  destructive. 

Pitiable.     Meriting  compassion. 

PI  tiful.     Calling  forth  compassion. 

Poisonous.     Deadly  in  effects. 

Prejudicial.     Characterized  by  bias. 

Rank.     Strong  in  a  bad  sense. 

Reprehensible.     Deserving  reproof. 

Rotten.     Having  become  putrid. 

Rotten  to  the  core.     Morally  depraved  in  every  respect. 

Sad.     Afflicted  with  grief. 

Seathful.     Inflicting  severe  injury. 


BADNESS—Verbs— Continued. 

Weigh  down.        \  ™    ,         ,         ., 

Weigh  heavy  on./  T°  ^ar  heavily  on  one. 

Work  evil,  etc.     See  Good-Evil. 

Work  hurt.     To  do  injury ;  to  do  wrong. 

Wrong.     To  turn  aside  from  the  right ;  to  injure ;  to  do  injustice 

Badness — Adjectives. 

Abominable.     Very  hateful. 

Accursed.     Doomed  to  utter  destruction;  detestable- 
Arrant.     Thoroughly  bad. 

As  bad  as  bad  can  be.     Very  bad. 

Bad.     Opposed  to  good;  morally  perverted. 

Baleful.     Full  of  rrialignity. 

Baneful.     Having  deadly  qualities. 

Base.     Morally  mean. 

Below  par.     Lower  than  the  standard. 

Burdensome.     Harmfully  oppressive. 

Confounded.     Mingled  together  in  confusion. 

Corrosive.     Eating  away. 

Corrupting.     Turning  from  good  to  bad. 

Cursed.     Execrated,  or  deserving  execration. 

Damnable.     Meriting  punishment. 

Damned.     Declared  guilty;  adjudged  worthy  of  sentence. 

Deadly.     Causing  death. 

Deleterious.     Harmful ,  morally  or  physically. 

Deplorable.     That  should  be  lamented. 

Depravea.     Morally  corrupt. 

Destructive.     Causing  ruin. 

Deteriorated.     Reduced  in  quality  or  value. 

Detestable.     Deserving  abhorrence. 

Detrimental.     Involving  or  producing  loss. 

Diabolic.     Having  the  attributes  of  the  devil;  malicious;  inferred 
nefarious 

Dire.     Terribly  evil. 

Disadvantageous.     Not  suited  to  the  promotion  of  success. 
Disastrous.     Occasioning  or  accompanied  by  terrible  and  ruinous 

effects. 
Disserviceable.     Incapable  of  being  used  to  advantage. 
Dreadful.     Causing  terror  and  fear. 
Envenomed.     Infected  with  poison  or  malice. 

Evil.     Contrary  to  divine  law;  having  morally  injurious  qualities. 
Exceptionable.     Liable  to  objection. 
Execrable.     Worthy  of  hate. 
Foul.     Offensive  to  the  moral  sense. 
Full  of  mischief .     Full  of  small  pranks,  inclined  to  tease  and  cut 

capers. 
Fulsome.     Offensive  from  excessive  flattery. 
Grievous.     Hard  to  bear. 

Harmful.     Tending  to  bring  about  permanent  injury. 
Hateful.     Exciting  dislike. 
Hateful  as  a  toad.     Regarded  as  an  object  of  scorn,  aversion,  and 

contempt. 
Horrible.     Causing  terror 
Horrid.     Suited  to  arouse  terror. 
Hurtful.     Tending  to  cause  physical  or  mental  pain. 
111.     Productive  of  harm. 

Ill-conditioned.     Badly  01  weakly  conditioned. 
Ill-contrived.     Badly  put  together;  weakly  conceived. 
Inauspicious.     Lacking  favorable  omens. 

Incompetent,  etc.     Not  capable.     See  Skill-Unskilfulness. 
Indifferent.     Without  any  preference,  neither  good  nor  bad. 
Infernal.     Evil  enough  for  hell. 

Injured.     Wronged ;  depriv  ad  of  just  and  natural  rights. 
Injurious.     That  which  tends  to  harm  or  wrong. 
Irremediable,  etc.     Not  to  be  reclaimed  or  replaced.     See  Sanguins 

ness-Hopelessness. 
Lamentable.     Causing  sorrow  and  regret. 
Malefic.     Occasioning  evil  or  disaster. 
Malign.     Having  an  ill  disposition  toward  others. 
Malignant.     Animated  by  excessive  hatred. 
Mean.     Low-minded;  low  in  rank;  low  in  character. 
Mischief-making.     Making  trouble  or  disturbance. 
Mischievous.     Given  to  the  doing  of  pranks  that  injur*  or  harm. 
Nocuous.     Pertaining  to  poison. 
Noisome.     Very  offensive. 
Noxious.     Productive  of  harm. 
Obnoxious.     Liable  to  censure. 
Onerous.     Having  weight;  burdensome. 
Oppressive.     Pressing  on  one  heavily. 
Peccant.     Guilty  of  transgression. 

(Continued  on  Column  i.) 


GOODNESS— BADNESS. 


462 


GRACE. 


BADNESS — Adjectives — Continued. 


Shocking.     Causing  surprise  and  horror. 

Sinister.     Left-handed;  ill-omened;  dishon 

Unadvisable.     That  which  could  not  be  done  after  deliberation;  im- 
prudent. 

Unlucky.     Not  having  fortune ;  ill-omened. 

Unprofitable.     Producing  no  gain;  making  no  improvement;  not 
conducive  to  progress. 

Unsatisfactory.     Causing  dissatisfaction ;  failing  to  gratify. 

Untoward.     Not  easily  taught;  not  docile;  perverse;  awkward. 


Venomous.     Having  a  malign  spirit. 

Vile.     Base  in  morals. 

Villainous.     Capable  of  great  wickedness. 

Virulent.     Strongly  poisonous;  extremely  bitter;  malignant. 

Wide-wasting.     Destroying  to  a  great  distance;  ravaging  far  and 

wide, 
Woful.     Afflicted  with  grief  or  calamity;  causing  sorrow  or  grief . 
Wretched.     Very  unhappy;  fallen  deep  in  disaster. 
Wrong.     Going  aside  from  right;  falling  in  error. 


Badness — Adverbs,  etc. 


Badly,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Dl.     In  a  bad  manner. 

To  one's  cost.     Injuriously. 


Bad  is  the  best. 

Srba  mala  presto  cresco  [It.J.     An  ill  weed  grows  fast. 


Where  the  shoe  pinches.     At  the  point  of  difficulty. 
Wrong.     In  a  wrong  manner. 


Badness — Phrases. 

The  worst  come  to  the  worst. 


goods.     Possessions.     Merchandise-Property. 

Good'- win  Sands.  Dangerous  shoals  in  Strait  of  Dover, 
near  Tenterden  Steeple.     Refuge-Pitfall. 

good'-y.     A  poor,  old  woman.     Male-Female. 

Goo-roo'.     Hindu  spiritual  teacher.     Ministry-Laity. 

goose.  A  bird  of  the  web-footed  family.  Resonance- 
Nonresonance,  Sage-Fool;  game  of  goose,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness; giddy  as  a  goose,  Heed- 
Disregard;  kill  the  goose  with  golden  eggs,  Ex- 
travagance-Avarice, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

goose'-ber"-ry.  A  silly  person.  Gooseberry  eyes, 
Sight-Blindness;  old  gooseberry,  Angel-Satan. 

gooje'-ber"-ry-eyed" .  Eyes  like  gooseberries.  Sight- 
Dimsightedness. 

goose'-cap".     A  silly  person.     Sage-Fool. 

goose'-quill".  Quill  of  a  goose,  used  in  writing.  Writ- 
ing-Printing. 

goose"-skin\     Rough  skin.     Heat-Cold. 

Gor'-di-an  knot.  Difficulty.  [Cut  by  Alexander.] 
Difficulty-Facility,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

gore.  Blood;  to  hook.  Aperture-Closure,  Life- 
Killing. 

gorge.  Ravine;  to  stuff.  Desire-Repletion,  Ex- 
cess-Lack, Fasting-Gluttony,  Interspace-Con- 
tact; gorge  the  hook,  Readiness-Reluctance; 
raise  one's  gorge,  Favorite-Anger. 

gorged.     Stuffed.     Excess-Lack. 

gorge  de  pigeon  [F.]  (gorzh  de  pi-zhon').  Shot-col- 
ored.    Variegation. 

gor'-geous.  Pompous.  Beauty -Ugliness,  Color- 
Achromatism,  Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

gor'-geous-ness.     Magnificence.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

gor'-gon.    Ugly  object.   Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

go-ril'-la.  Animal  of  the  ape  family.  Benefactor- 
Evildoer. 

gor'-mand.  A  voracious  eater.  Fasting-Gluttony, 
Moderation- Voluptuary. 

gor'-mand-ize.  To  eat  greedily.  Fasting-Gluttony, 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

gor'-man-diz-ing.  Devouring  greedily..  Fasting- 
Gluttony. 

gorse.     Furze.     Fauna-Flora. 

gor'-y.  Bloody.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Life-Killing. 

gos'-pel.  God's  message.  Certainty-Doubt,  Reve- 
lation-Pseudorevelation,  Truth-Error;  take  for 
gospel,  Faith-Misgiving. 

Gos'-pels.  The  first  four  books  of  the  New  Testament. 
Revelation- Pseudorevelation. 

gos'-sa-mer.  Gauze.  Heaviness -Lightness,  Lam- 
ina-Fiber. 

gos'-sa-mer-y.     Flimsy.     Texture. 

gos'-sip.  Idle  talk.  Conversation -Monologue, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity,  Tidings-Mystery. 

gos-soon'.     Servant  boy.     Gentility-Democracy. 


Go'-ta-ma.  An  early  Hindu  philosopher.  Revela- 
tion-Pseudorevelation. 

Goth.  One  of  an  old  Germanic  tribe.  Gentility- 
Democracy,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

Go'-tham.  City  of  England.  Wise  men  of  Gotham. 
Sage-Fool. 

Goth'-ic.  Pertaining  to  the  Goths.  Form-Formless- 
ness, Taste-Vulgarity. 

Goth'-i-cism.     Barbarousness.     Taste-Vulgarity. 

gouache  [F.]  (gwach).  Kind  of  water-color  painting. 
Painting. 

gouge.  Chisel  having  a  curved  edge.  Convexity- 
Concavity,  Perforator-Stopper. 

gour"-met'.  An  epicure.  Desire-Particui.arness, 
Moderation-Voluptuary. 

goilt,  chacun  h  son  [F.]  (gu,  sha-kun''  a  son).  Every 
man  to  his  taste.     Taste-Vulgarity. 

goilt,  haul   [F.]    (gu,   ho).     High   flavor.     Pungency. 

goutte  d'eau,  il  se  noyerait  dans  une  [F.]  (gut  do,  il  se 
nwa-ye-re'  dan'z  tin).  He  would  drown  in  a  drop  of 
water.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

gov'-ern.  To  rule.  Divinity,  Management,  Presi- 
dent-Member, Rule-License. 

gov'-ern-ess.  Instructress.  Guard-Prisoner,  In- 
structor-Pupil. 

gov'-ern-ment.  Rule  or  power.  Chief-Underling, 
Conduct,  Rule -License;  divine  government, 
Divinity;  petticoat  government,  Management, 
Skill-Unskilfulness. 

gov'-ern-or.  One  who  governs.  Chief-Underling, 
Guard-Prisoner,  Instructor-Pupil,  Manager, 
President-Member. 

gowk.     Fool.     Sage-Fool. 

gown.     Dress.     Dress-Undress,  Vestments. 

gowns'-man.     Student.     Scholar-Dunce. 

grab.  To  seize.  Extravagance-Avarice,  Taking- 
Restitution. 

grab'-ble.     To  sprawl.     Touch. 

grace.  Elegance;  kindness.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Compassion  -  Ruthlessness,  Giving  -  Receiving, 
Godliness  -  Ungodliness,  Leave  -  Prohibition, 
Pardon -Revenge,  Purity -Crudeness,  Taste- 
Vulgarity,  Thankfulness-Thanklessness.  Title, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty,  Worship-Idolatry;  act 
of  grace,  Giving-Receiving;  grace  before  meat, 
Thankfulness-Thanklessness;  God's  grace, 
Charitableness-Malevolence;  heart  of  grace, 
Bravery-Cowardice;  in  one's  good  graces,  Amity- 
Hostility;  say  grace,  Devotion-Idolatry;  submit 
with  a  good  grace,  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Selfrespect-Humbleness,  Yielding;  with  a  bad 
grace,  Readiness-Reluctance;  with  a  good  grace, 
Politeness  -  Impoliteness,      Readiness  -  Reluct- 


GRACE. 


463 


GRANDE  TENUE. 


gr&cc,  coup  de  [F.]  (gras,  cu  de).     The  finishing  blow. 

COMPASSION-RUTHLESSNESS. 

grace'-ful.  Becoming.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Purity- 
Crudeness. 

grace'-ful-ness.  Elegance  of  manner.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness. 

grace,  la  [F.]  (gras,  la).  An  outdoor  game.  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 

grace'-less.  Wanting  grace.  Beauty-Ugliness,  God- 
liness-Disbelief, Purity-Crudeness,  Repent- 
ance-Obduracy, Virtue-Vice. 

Gra'-ces.  Three  mythological  goddesses.  Beauty- 
Ugliness. 

gra'-cious.  Favorable.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Readiness-Re- 
luctance; good  gracious,  Astonishment-Expect- 
ance. 

gra'-cious-ly.  In  a  kindly  manner.  Readiness-Re- 
luctance. 

gra-da'-tim.  Gradually.  Continuity -Interruption, 
Regularity-Irregularity,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

gra-da'-tion.  Grade.  Continuity-Interruption, 
Quantity-Measure,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

grade.     Rank.     Quantity-Measure,  Station. 

gra'-di-ent.  Rising  by  steps.  Parallelism-Inclina- 
tion. 

grado  in  grado,  di  [It.]  (gra'-do  in  gra'-do,  di).  By 
degrees.     Quantity-Measure. 

grad'-u-al.  Proceeding  regularly.  Continuity-In- 
terruption, Quantity-Measure,  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness. 

grad'-u-al-ly.  In  a  slow  and  regular  manner.  Con- 
tinuity, Conversion-Reversion. 

grad'-u-ate.  To  grade;  give  a  degree  to.  Chemistry, 
Continuity  -  Interruption,      Harmony  -  Discord, 


Mensuration,  Organization  -  Disorganization, 
Scholar-Dunce. 

grad'-u-ated.  Graded.  Graduated  scale,  Mensura- 
tion. 

grad"-u-a'-tion.  Act  of  gradually  modifying.  Men- 
suration, Organization-Disorganization. 

gra'-dus.     Dictionary  of  prosody.     Word-Neology. 

Ur&culus  esuriens  [L.]  (gri'-kiu-lus  i-sur'-i-ens) .  The 
hungry  Greekling.     Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

graft.  Shoot.  Education-Misteaching,  Establish- 
ment-Removal, Injection-Ejection,  Union-Dis- 
union. 

Gra'-ham's  law.  Important  law  of  chemistry.  Chem- 
istry. 

grain.  Small,  hard  body;  a  small  weight;  arrange- 
ment of  particles  of  anything.  Affections,  Color- 
Achromatism,  Embellishment -Disfigurement, 
Friability,  Greatness-Littleness,  Heaviness- 
Lightness,  Inclination,  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Measure,  Smoothness-Roughness,  Subjective- 
ness-Objectiveness,  Texture;  against  the  grain, 
Antagonism -Concurrence,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Readiness-Reluctance,  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness; grains  of  allowance,  Alarm, 
Hurry-Leisure;  like  grains  of  sand,  Cohesion- 
Looseness. 

gra-mer'-cy.  Many  thanks.  Thankfulness-Thank- 
lessness. 

gram"-i-niv'-o-rous.  Grass-eating.  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion. 

gram'-mar.  Science  of  correct  usage  of  language. 
Beginning-End,  Education-Misteaching,  Gram- 
mar-Solecism, Nature-Art,  School;  bad  gram- 
mar, Grammar-Solecism;  comparative  grammar, 
Grammar-Solecism;  grammar-school,  School. 


GRAMMAR— SOLECISM. 


Grammar.     The  science  which  treats  of  the  principles  of  language. 
Jus  et  norma  loquendi  [L.].     The  laws  and  rules  of  speaking. 
Philology.     The  science  of  words  and  language.     See  Language. 

Grammar — Associated  Nouns, 

Ablative.     The  instrumental  case. 

Accidence.     A  book  containing  the  declensions  and  conjugations  of 
verbs 

Conjugation.     The  exhibition  of  the  inflections  of  a  verb. 

Correct  style.     The  quality  of  writing  according  to  the  rules  of  gram- 
mar. 

Declension.     The  exhibition  of  the  inflections  of  a  noun,  pronoun,  or 
adjective. 

Inflection.     The  changes  undergone  by  words  to  express  the  relations 
of  case,  number,  gender,  tense,  etc. 

Lindley  Murray.     The  name  of  an  American  writer  of  an  English 
grammar  once  very  common  in  use.      See  School. 

Parataxis.     Arrangement  of  clauses  without  connectives. 

Parathesis.     Apposition. 

Parts  of  speech.     The  classes  of  words  into  which  language  is  grouped. 

Praxis.     The  part  of  grammar  containing  exercises  to  be  studied. 

Punctuation.     The  use  of  marks  for  the  division  of  written  matter 
into  its  due  parts. 

Syntax.     The  part  of  grammar  that  treats  of  the  sentence  and  its  con- 
struction. 

Grammar — Verbs. 

Parse.     To  describe  a  word  by  giving  its  grammatical  value. 

Punctuate.     To  use  marks  to  divide  sentences  in  writing. 
Grammar — Adjective. 

Syntactic.     Pertaining  to  syntax. 

gram-ma'-ri-an.  One  learned  in  grammar.  Scholar- 
Dunce. 

gran'-a-ry.     Storeroom  for  grain.     Store. 

grand.  Magnificent;  preeminent.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Consequence-Insignificance,  Pomp,  Rep- 
utation -  Discredit,  Selfrespect  -  Humbleness; 
grand  climacteric,  Infancy-Age;  grand  doings, 
Pomp;    grand  master,   President-Member;    grand 


Bad  grammar.     Incorrect  usage  of  language. 

Bull.     A  ridiculous  contradiction  in  terms. 

False  grammar.     The  mistaken  use  of  language. 

Faulty  grammar.      The  use  of  language  with  violation    of    many 

rules. 
Lapsus  linguae  [L.|.     A  slip  of  the  tongue. 
Slip  of  the  pen.     An  accidental  mistake  in  writing. 
Slip  of  the  tongue.     An  accidental  mistake  in  speaking. 
Slipslop.     A  slovenly  blunder  in  speaking. 
Solecism.     A  violation  of  the  rules  of  grammar. 

Solecism — Verbs. 

Break  Priscian*  s  head.  To  make  a  bad  blunder  in  grammar.  [A 
Latin  grammarian  .1 

Commit  a  solecism.  To  commit  a  violation  of  the  rules  of  gram- 
mar. 

Murder  the  king's  English.    \  To   persistently  violate    the  rules   of 

Murder  the  queen's  English./      English  grammar. 

Solecize.     To  violate  the  rules  of  grammar. 

Use  bad  grammar.  To  speak  and  write  according  to  incorrect 
usage. 

Use  faulty  grammar.  To  commit  many  solecisms  in  speaking  and 
writing. 

Solecism-1-  Adjectives. 

Faulty.     Characterized  by  solecisms. 
Inaccurate.     Not  exact  in  grammar. 
Incorrect.     Not  according  to  the  rules  of  grammar 
Ungrammatical.     Marked  by  solecisms. 

style,  Painting;  grand  tour,  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion; grand  Turk,  Chief-Underling;  grand  vizier, 
Manager. 

grand,  en  [F.]  (gran-,  an').  Of  full  size.  Greatness- 
Littleness. 

grand  seigneur,  en  [F.]  (gran'  sen-yur',  an').  In  lordly 
fashion.     Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

grande  tenue,  en  [F.]  (grand  te-nu',  an) .      In  full  dress. 


GRANDE  TENUE. 


464 


GRAY. 


Embellishment  -  Disfigurement,  Society  -  Ludi- 
crousness. 

gran'-dam.     A  grandmother.     Infant-Veteran. 

grand'-child"-ren.  Children  of  one's  son  or  daughter. 
Parentage-Progeny. 

gran-dee'.  Spanish  nobleman.  Gentility-Democ- 
racy. 

gran'-deur.     Grandness.     Reputation-Discredit. 

grand'-fa"-ther.  The  father  of  one's  father  or  mother. 
Infant- Veteran,  Parentage-Progeny. 

gran-dil'-o-quent.       Bombastic.       Simplicity-Florid- 

NESS. 

gran'-di-ose.     Pompous.  .  Simplicity-Floridness. 

grand'- moth"-er.  The  mother  of  one's  father  or 
mother.  Parentage-Progeny;      teach    grand- 

mother, Education-Misteaching. 

grand'-sire".  Forefather.  Infant-Veteran,  Parent- 
age-Progeny. 

grange.     Farm.     Dweller-Habitation. 

gran'-ite.     A  kind  of  rock.     Hardness-Softness. 

gra-nit'-ic.     Like  granite.     Hardness-Softness. 

gra-niv'-c-rous.  Grain-eating.  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion. 

grano  salis,  cum  [L.]  (gre'-no  se'-lis,  cum).  With  a 
grain  of  allowance.  Faith-Misgiving,  Modifica- 
tion. 

grant.  Allow.  Alienation,  Consent,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace,  Giving-Receiving,  Leave-Prohibi- 
tion; God  grant,  Devotion-Idolatry;  grant  a  lease, 
Security. 

grant'-ed.  Allowed.  Assent-Dissent;  take  for  granted, 
Faith-Misgiving,  Fancy. 

grant-ee'.  Receiver  of  a  grant.  Giving-Receiving, 
Holder. 

grant'-or.     Maker  of  a  grant.     Giving. 

gran'-u-lar.     Grainlike.     Friability. 

gran'-u-late.  To  become  or  make  granular.  Fria- 
bility. 

gran"-u-la'-tion.    Forming  into  grains.    Friability. 

gran'-ule.    Small  grain.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

grape.     Grape-shot.     Weapon. 

grapes.  The  fruit  of  a  certain  vine.  Sour  grapes,  Pos- 
sibility-Impossibility, Pretext,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

grape'-shot".     Small  shot.     Attack,  Weapon. 

graph'-ic.  Pertaining  to  writing.  Account,  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity, Delineation-Caricature,  Paint- 
ing; graphic  symbols,  Chemistry. 

graph'-ite.     Black  lead.    Chemistry. 

graphoideophrenoia.  Writing  mania,  combined  with 
marked  perversion  of  ideas. 

graph-ol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  estimating  character  by 
the  handwriting.     Writing-Printing. 

graph-om'-e-ter.  Instrument  for  measuring  angles. 
Angularity. 

graph '-o-scope.  An  instrument  for  magnifying  pic- 
tures.    Optical  Instruments. 

graph'-o-type.     A  kind  of  engraving.     Engraving. 

grap'-nel.     Grappling-iron.     Refuge-Pitfall. 

grap'-ple.  To  seize.  Taking-Restitution,  Union- 
Disunion;  grapple  with,  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Investigation-Answer,  Re- 
prisal-Resistance, Strife-Peace. 

grap'-pling-i"-ron.  Hook  used  in  seizing  an  object. 
Connective,  Refuge-Pitfall. 

grasp.      To    seize;    to    understand.      Clearness-Ob- 

•  scurity,  Extravagance-Avarice,  Keeping-Re- 
linquishment,  Rule-License,  Taking-Restitu- 
tion; grasp  at,  Desire-Distaste;  grasp  of  intellect, 
Sagacity-Incapacity;  in  one's  grasp,  Rule-Li- 
cense; tight  grasp,  Harshness-Mildness. 

grasp'-ing.     Greedy.     Desire-Distaste. 

grass.  Herbage.  Fauna-Flora;  let  the  grass  grow 
under  one's  feet,  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Reck- 


lessness-Caution; not  let  the  grass,  etc.,  Activity- 
Indolence. 

grass'-hop"-per.     A  long-legged  insect.     Spring-Dive 

grass'-plot".  Lawn.  Domestication-Agriculture, 
Gulf-Plain. 

grass'-y.    Abounding  in  grass.    Fauna-Flora. 

grate.  Framework  of  iron  bars;  to  make  a  harsh  noise. 
Friability,  Oven-Refrigerator,  Sensuality-Suf- 
fering; grate  on  the  ear,  Cacophony,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Sensuality-Suffering;  grate 
on  the  feelings,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

gra'-ted.     Barred.     Crossing. 

grate'-ful.  Thankful.  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness, Sensuality-Suffering,  Thankfulness- 
Thanklessness. 

gra'-ter.     That  which  grates.     Friability. 

gratia,  exempli  [L.]  (gre'-shi-a,  ex-em'-plai) .  For  the 
•sake  of  example.  Conventionality-Unconvlx- 
tionality. 

grat"-i-fi-ca'-tion.  That  which  pleases.  Pleasure- 
Pain,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

grat'-i-fy.  To  please.  Contentedness-Discontent- 
ment,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

gra'-ting.  See  Grate.  Crossing,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

gra'-tis.  Free.  Costliness-Cheapness,  Liberty-Sub- 
jection, Settlement-Default. 

grat'-i-tude.      Thankfulness.      Thankfulness-Thank- 

LESSNESS. 

gra-tu'-i-tous.  Free.  Hypothesis,  Ratiocination- 
Instinct,  Readiness-Reluctance,  Thankfulness- 
Thanklessness. 

gra-tu'-i-ty.  Present.  Giving-Receiving,  Thankful- 
ness-Thanklessness. 

grat'-u-late.     Congratulate.     Felicitation. 

grat"-u-la'-tion.     Congratulation.     Felicitation. 

grat'-u-la-tc-ry.  Expressive  of  gratulation.  Felicita- 
tion. 

gra-va'-men.  Complaint.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance; gravamen  of  a  charge,  Justification- 
Charge. 

grave.  Tomb;  serious.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Engraving,  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Life  -  Funeral,  Lightheartedness  -  Dejection, 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness, Virtue- Vice;  look  grave,  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Lightheartedness-Dejection;  grave  in 
the  memory,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  grave 
note,  Resonance-Nonresonance;  look  grave,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval; on  this  side  of  the  grave,  Lifb- 
Death;  rise  from  the  grave,  Renovation-Relapse; 
silent  as  the  grave,  Sound-Silence,  Talkative- 
ness-Taciturnity; sink  into  the  grave,  Life- 
Death. 

grav'-el.    Sand  and  pebbles.    Difficulty-Facility. 

grav'-eled.  Embarrassed;  perplexed.  Difficulty- 
Facility. 

gra'-ven.  Carved.  Graven  image.  Devotion-Idolatry. 

grav'-e-o-lent.      Offensive    smell.      Odor-Inodorous- 

NESS. 

gra'-ver.    Engraver's  chisel.     Engraving. 

grave'-yard".     A  cemetery.     Life-Funeral. 

grav'-i-tate.  To  come  together.  Ascent-Descent, 
Heaviness-Lightness;  gravitate  towards,  Inclina- 
tion. 

grav'-i-ty.  Attraction  of  bodies  for  each  other;  serious- 
ness. Attraction-Repulsion,  Consequence-In- 
significance, Excitability-Inexcitability,  Force- 
Weakness,  Heaviness-Lightness,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection, Might-Impotence,  Pleasure- 
Pain;  center  of  gravity,  Center;  specific  gravity, 
Heaviness-Lightness,  Solidity-Rarity. 

gra'-vy.     Juice  of  cooked  meat.     Liquid-Gas. 

gray.    Mixed  black  and  white  in  color.    Gray-Brown, 


GRAY. 


465 


GREATNESS— LITTLENESS. 


infancy-Age,  Whiteness-Blackness;  bring  gray 
hairs  to  the  grave,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness, 
Welfare-Misfortune;    gray    beard,    Infant-Vet- 


eran, gray  hairs,  Infancy-Age;  grayhound,  Fauna- 
Flora;  Swiftness-Slowness. 


GRAY— BROWN. 


Black,  etc.     See  Whiteness-Blackness. 
Gray.     A  dull  color  consisting  of  white  and  black  mixed. 
Neutral  tint.     An  artificial  tint  with  no  decided  color,  but  predomi- 
nantly grayish. 
Pepper  and  salt.     A  color  of  mixed  gray  and  black. 
Silver.     A  soft  gray  luster. 

Gray — Associated  Nouns. 

Chiaroscuro.     The  art  of  mingling  light  and  shadow  in  painting. 
Grisaille  [F.|      Grizzly  hair. 
Payne's  gray.     A  gray  pigment. 

Gray— Adjectives. 


Gray  as  ashes. 
■  Gray  like  ashes. 

'  Of  a  gray  resembling  ashes. 


Ash-colored. 
Ashen. \ 
Ashy. 

Cineritious.l, 

Cinerous. 

Cool.     Of  a  dull  color. 

Dingy.     Of  a  soiled  gray  color. 

Drab.     A  yellowish-gray. 

Dun.     Of  a  dull,  dark-gray  color. 

way.  i  q£  ^e  color  of  white  and  black  mixed 

Grey.) 

Grizzled.     Gray  as  the  hair  of  an  old  man. 

Grizzly.     Grayish. 

Iron-gray.     Gray  like  iron. 

Leaden.     Gray  like  lead. 

Livid.     Gray  like  bruised  flesh. 

Mouse-colored.     Gray  as  a  mouse. 

Pearly.     Having  a  gray  luster,  like  a  pearl. 

Roan.     Dark  with  spots  of  gray  thickly  interspersed 

Russet.     Reddish  or  yellowish  gray. 

Sad.     Of  a  dark  color. 

Silver,     'j 

Silvered.  >Gray  as  silver. 

Silvery.  ) 

Slate-colored.     Dark  gray  like  slate. 

Somber.     Dusky  gray. 

Stone-colored.     Gray  as  stone. 

graze.  To  rub  slightly;  to  eat  grass.  Friction-Lubri- 
cation, Interspace-Contact,  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion. 

gra'-zier.  Stock-raiser.  Domestication-Agriculture. 

gre,  savoir  [F.]  (gre,  sa-vwar').  To  take  kindly.  Thank- 
fulness-Tiianklessness. 

grease.  Fat.  Friction-Lubrication.  Pulpiness-Oil; 
grease  the  palm,  Giving-Receiving,  Motive-Ca- 
price, Settlement-Default. 

greas'-y.     Fatty.     Pulpiness-Oiliness. 

great.  Large,  grand.  Friction-Lubrication,  Great- 
ness-Littleness, Magnitude-Smallness,  Repu- 
tation -  Discredit,  Unselfishness -Selfishness; 
great  bear,  Universe;  great  circle  sailing,  Mid- 
course-Circuit;  greatcoat,  Dress -Undress;  great 
doings,  Activity-Indolence,  Consequence-Insig- 


Bister.     A  brown  pigment  prepared  from  wood-soot. 

Brown*  etc.     A  dark  color  shading  towards  red,  yellow,  or  black. 

See  Adjectives. 
Hazel.     Brown  like  the  hazel-nut. 
Ocher.     A  brown  pigment  made  from  clay. 

Sepia.     A  brown  pigment  made  from  the  secretion  of  the  cuttle-fish. 
Vandyke  brown.     A  pigment  of  a  semi-transparent  brown  color 

Brown — Adjectives. 

Auburn.     Reddish-brown. 

Bay.     Red-brown,  inclining  to  a  chestnut  color. 

Brown.     Of  a  dark  color,  inclining  to  redness. 

Brown  as  a  berry.     Of  the  color  of  a  berry. 

Brown  as  mahogany.     Of  the  color  of  mahogany. 

Brunette.     Of  a  brownish  complexion. 

Chestnut.     Of  the  same  color  as  a  chestnut. 

Chocolate.     Dark-brown  as  chocolate. 

Cinnamon.     Yellowish-brown  as  cinnamon. 

Dapple.     Variegated  brown. 

Fawn-colored.     Of  a  light-brown  color,  like  a  young  deer. 

Foxy.     Reddish-brown  like  a  fox. 

Fuscous.     Grayish -brown. 

Liver-colored.     Of  a  dark-brown  color;  dark  or  brownish-red,  like 

the  liver. 
Mahogany.     Dark  reddish-b^own,  like  mahogany. 
Maroon.     Brownish  crimson. 

Nut-brown.     Brown  as  the  shell  of  a  dried  hazel-nut. 
Russet.     Reddish  or  yellowish-brown,  like  a  russet  apple. 
Snuff-colored.     Of  a  dark  yellowish-brown  color. 
Sunburnt.     Burnt  brown  by  the  sun. 
Tan.     Of  a  yellowish  brown  color  tinged  with  red. 
Tanned.     Turned  to  a  tan  color  by  the  sun. 
Tawny.      Yellowish -brown  in  color,  like  tanned  leather. 
Whity-brown.     Brownish  with  a  white  tinge. 

Brown — Verbs. 
Bronze.     To  make  the  color  of  brass. 
Embrown.     To  color  brown. 

Render  brown,  etc.     To  make  brown.     See  Adjectives. 
Tan.     To  make  the  color  of  bark. 

nificance  ;  great  folks,  Gentility-Democracy  ;  great 
gun,  Design  ;  great  man,  Gentility-Democracy  ; 
great  mogul,  Chief-Underling;  great  number,  Mul- 
tiplicity-Fewness; great  quantity,  Magnitudc- 
Smallness. 

great'-er.  Having  more  of  greatness.  Supremacy- 
Subordinacy;  greater  number,  Multiplicity-Pau- 
city; greater  part,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Whole- 
Part. 

great'-est.     Great  in  the  highest  degree.     Supremacy- 

SUBORDINACY. 

great'-ly.     Largely.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

great'-ness.  State  of  being  great.  Consequence-In- 
significance, Magnitude-Smallness,  Reputation- 
Discredit,  SUPREMACY-SUBORDINACY. 


GREATNESS— LITTLENESS. 


Amplitude.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  great  in  extent. 

Bigness.     State  of  being  of  great  or  of  considerable  size. 

Bulk.     Substance  in  reference  to  magnitude;  the  majority. 

Caliber.     Internal  dimension  of  a  tube. 

Capacity.     Amount  of  space  for  holding  or  carrying. 

Corporation.     The  human  body,  especially  if  large  and  unwieldy. 

Corpulence.     Large  accumulation  of  fat  on  the  body. 

Dimension.     Measurable  extent  or  magnitude. 

Embonpoint   [F.fl.     Moderate  corpulence. 

Enormity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  excessively  great. 

Expanse,  etc.     Anything  lying  spread  out  in  space,  especially  an 

extensive  surface.     See  Extension, 
Flesh  and  blood.     A  real  substance  or  personage. 
Full  size.     The  Hm*t  of  prowth. 
Greatness,  etc.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  relatively  large.     See 

Adjectives. 

30 


Sej 


Exiguity.     The  state  of  being  small  and  scanty. 

Inextension.     Lack  of  extent  in  dimensions. 

Littleness,  etc.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  below  normal  si-se. 

Adjectives. 
Parvitude.     The  state  of  being  small  and  scanty. 
Parvity.     See  Parvitude. 
Smallness,  etc.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  comparatively  less 

than  another.     See  Adjectives. 
Thinness,  etc.     The  state  or  quality  of  lacking  breadth  or  thickness 

See  Breadth-Narrowness. 

Littleness — Associated  Nouns. 
Animalcule.     A  small  animal,  as  a  fly. 

Atom.     The  smallest  particle  of  matter  that  can  enter-  into  com- 
bination; indivisible.     See  Magnitude-Smallness. 
Bacteria.     Microscopic  vegetable  organisms. 


GREATNESS. 


466 


GREATNESS— LITTLENESS. 


GREATNESS— LITTLENESS—  Continued. 


Hugeness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  great  in  bulk. 
Immensity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  very  great  in  size. 
Largeness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  greater  than  most  of  the 

same  kind 
Largest  portion.     The  greatest  part  of  anything.     See  Whoi.e-Part. 
Lustihood.     Vigor  of  body. 
Magnitude.     Amount  of  measurable  extent. 
Mass.     Several  quantities  regarded  as  a  whole. 
Monstrosity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  extraordinary  in  size. 
Obesity.     Excessive  fatness. 
Plumpness.     The  state  of  being  well-rounded. 
Proportions.     Relative  magnitude. 
Scantling.     Dimensions  of  a  timber  in   length  and  breadth;  a  set 

of  fixed  measures. 
Size.     Measure  of  a  thing  in  reference  to  a  standard;   sometimes 

relative  largeness  as  opposed  to  smallness. 
Tonnage.     Internal  cubic  capacity  expressed  in  tons. 
Tunnage.     Same  as  Tonnage. 
Turgidity,  etc.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  unnaturally  distended 

or  swollen.     See  Enlargement. 
Volume.     A  large  quantity. 

Greatness — Associated  Nouns. 

Antaeus.     A  giant  athlete  slain  by  Hercules. 

Behemoth.     An  animal,  probably  the  hippopotamus,  described  in 

the  Book  of  Job. 
Block.     A  piece  of  wood  more  or  less  bulky. 
Brobdingnagian.     One  of  a  race  of  giants  in  Gulliver's  Travels. 
Bulk.     Magnitude  of  material  substance. 
Bushel.     A  dry  measure  of  thirty-two  quarts. 
Clod.     A  lump  or  mass  of  earth,  turf,  etc. 
Colossus.     A  statue  of  gigantic  size.     [Colossus  at  Rhodes,  said  to 

bestride  the  harbor  entrance.] 
Cyclops.     One  of  a  race  of  giants,  sons  of  Neptune  and  Amphitrite, 

having  but  one  eye  in  the  middle  of  the  forehead. 
Elephant.     The  largest  land  animal  in  existence. 
Gargantua.     A  gigantic,  wonderful  personage  of  Rabelais. 
Giant.     A  man  of  extraordinary  bulk  and  stature. 
Gog  and  Magog.     Popular  names  for  two  colossal  wooden  statues  in 

the  Guildhall,  London. 
Goliath.     A  Philistine  giant.     [Bible.] 
Heap*  etc.     A  great  number  or  large  quantity  of  things  not  placed 

in  a  pile.     See  Gathering. 
Hippopotamus.     A  large  amphibious  mammal  common  to  the  rivers 

of  Africa. 
Leviathan.     An  aquatic  animal  described  in  the  Book  of  Job. 
Life-size.     The  natural  size. 
Loaf.     Any  thick  lump,  mass,  or  cake. 
Lump.     A  solid  mass  of  matter  of  irregular  shape. 
Mammoth.     An  extinct,  hairy,  maned  elephant  whose  remains  are 

found  in  the  northern  parts  of  both  continents. 
Mass.     A  large  quantity. 
Monster.     Something  of  unnatural  size. 
Mound.     An  artificial  hill  or  elevation  of  earth. 
Mountain.     A  portion  of  land  rising  above  the  level  of  the  earth 
Nugget.     A  mass  of  precious  metal. 

Porpoise.     The  true  dolphin,  a  fish  about  five  feet  in  length. 
Spanker.     Something  larger  than  common. 
Strapper.     A  person  or  thing  of  uncommon  size. 
Thumper.     That  which  causes  a  heavy  sound  when  falling. 
Triton   among  the   minnows.     A    marine  deity  among  small  fish. 

[Shakespeare,  Coriolanus,  III,  i.fl. 
Tun.     A  large  cask. 
Whale.     A  large  aquatic  mammal,  which  sometimes  grows  to  be 

one  hundred  feet  long 
Whopper.     Something  uncommonly  large  of  the  kind. 

Greatness — Verbs. 

Become  large,  etc.     See  Enlargement. 
Be  large,  etc      See  Adjectives. 

Greatness — A  djec  lives. 

Ample.     Of  "™eat  dimensions  or  capacity. 
Amplitudinous.     Of  great  extent. 

Big.     Of  great  or  considerable  size  or  amount,  relatively  or  abso- 
lutely. 
Bouncing.     Large  and  active. 

Brawny.     Having  or  characterized  by  great  muscular  strength 
Brobdingnagian.     Gigantic.     [Gulliver's  TravelsJ] 
Bulky.     Of  great  magnitude  and  unwieldy 
Burly.     Large  of  body. 
Capacious.     Able  to  contain  much 


LITTLENESS — Associated  Nouns — Continued. 

Barleycorn.     A  grain  of  barley. 

Bubble.     A  thin  film  of  liquid  inflated  with  air  or  gas. 

Button.     A  globule  of  metal  remaining  in  an  assay  cup  after  fusion 

Chit.     A  child  or  babe. 

Cock-sparrow.     The  male  of  a  very  common  small  bird. 

Dapperling.     A  dwarf. 

Doll.     A  toy  baby;  Dolly;  Dorothy 

Duodecimo.  A  book  consisting  of  sheets,  each  of  which  is  folded  intol 
twelve  leaves.  * 

Dwarf.  An  animal  or  plant  which  is  much  below  the  ordinary  size 
of  its  kind  or  species. 

Elf.     A  small  imaginary  supernatural  being. 

Elzevir  edition.  Books  published  by  the  Elzevir  family  at  Amster- 
dam, from  about  1592  to  1680,  noted  for  their  neatness  and 
elegant  small  type. 

Emmet.     An  ant. 

Entozoon.  One  of  the  species  of  worms  which  live  parasitically  in 
the  interior  of  other  animals. 

Epitome.     A  brief  abridgment  of  a  writing. 

Fly.     A  small  winged  insect. 

Fragment,  etc.     A  small,  detached  portion.     See  Whole-Part. 

Gnat.     A  small  blood-sucking  fly. 

Grain  of  sand.     A  single  small  particle  of  earth  or  rock. 

Grub.     The  larva  of  an  insect,  especially  of  a  beetle. 

Homunculus.     A  little  man ;  a  dwarf. 

Hop-o'-my-thumb.     Anything  very  small;  a  dwarf. 

Infusoria.  One  of  the  class  of  the  lowest  divisions  of  the  animal 
kingdom. 

Insect.     A  very  small  animal. 

Liliputian.  A  person  or  thing  of  very  small  size.  [Swift,  Gulliver's 
Travels.'] 

Maggot.     The  footless  larva  of  any  fly. 

Manikin.    I  A  Uule  m        ft  model  0f  the  human  body. 

Mannikin.  J 

Mathematical  point.     A  point  so  small  that  it  cannot  be  seen. 

Microcosm.  A  little  world;  man,  as  a  supposed  epitome  of  the  ex- 
terior universe. 

Midge.     A  very  small  fly. 

Millet-seed.     The  seed  of  several  species  of  grasses. 

Minnow.     A  small  fresh-water  fish. 

Minutiae.  Very  small  particles.  See  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance. 

Mite.     A  small  coin;  a  small  weight;  a  minute  insect. 

Molehill.     A  little  hillock  of  earth  thrown  up  by  moles. 

Monad.     Something  ultimate  and  indivisible. 

Mouse.     A  small  rodent. 

Mustard-seed.     The  very  fine  seed  of  the  mustard  plant. 

Pebble.     A  small  roundish  stone. 

Pigmy.    A  short,  insignificant  person ;  a  race  known  to  the  Greeks. 

Pigwidgeon.     A  cant  word  for  anything  petty  or  small. 

Point.     An  indefinitely  small  spot. 

Point  of  a  pin.     The  sharp  end  of  a  pin. 

Powder,  etc.  The  fine  particles  to  which  any  dry  substance  is 
reduced  by  pounding,  etc.     See  Friability. 

Puppet.     A  small  image  in  the  human  form. 

Rudiment.     That  which  lies  at  the  bottom  of  any  development. 

Runt.     An  unusually  small  animal  compared  with  others  of  its  kind. 

Shrimp.     A  small  shell-fish. 

Small  fry.     Young  or  small  things  in  general. 

Tit.     A  small  horse;  a  morsel. 

Tom  Thumb.  A  diminutive  personage  celebrated  in  the  legendary 
history  of  England;  the  name  assumed  by  Charles  Sherwood 
Stratton,  a  famous  American  dwarf,  who  exhibited  himself  in 
public  for  many  years,  1838-1883. 

Tomtit.     The  titmouse. 

Urchin.     A  child. 

Vanishing-point,  The  point  to  which  all  parallel  lines  in  the  same* 
plane  tend  in  the  representation. 

Worm.     A  small  creeping  or  crawling  animal. 

Littleness — Scientific  Terms. 

Micography.     The  description  of  microscopic  objects. 
Micrometer.     An  instrument  for  measuring  very  small  distances. 
Microscope.     An  instrument  to  aid  in  seeing  very  minute  objects. 
Scale.     Anything  marked  by  lines  for  use  in  measurement. 
Vernier.     A  small  movable  auxiliary  scale  for  obtaining  fractional 
parts  of  a  scale.     [P.  Vernier,  French  inventor.] 

Littleness — Verbs. 

Become  small,  etc.  See  Increase-Decrease,  Enlargement-Dimi- 
nution-. 


GREATNESS— LITTLENESS. 


467 


GREEN. 


GREATNESS—  LITTLENESS— Continued. 


GREATNESS— Adjectives— Continued. 

Chopping.     Strong  and  active. 

Chubby-faced.     Having  a  full,  round  face. 

Chub-faced.     See  Chubby-faced. 

Colossal.    Of  immense  size.  ["'He  doth  bestride  the  narrow  world  like 

a  Colossus."     Shakespeare,  Julius  Ccesar,  I,  ii.] 

Comprehensive.     Large  in  scope. 

Considerable.      Somewhat  large 

Corpulent.     Very  fleshy. 

Cyclopean .     Gigantic . 

Enormous.     Far  exceeding  the  usual  size. 

Fat.     Having  excessive  flesh. 

Fat  as  a  pig. 

Fat  as  a  quail. 

Fat  as  bacon.        Very  fat. 

Fat  as  brawn. 

Fat  as  butter. 

Fine.     Of  good  size. 

Fleshy.     Of  much  flesh. 

Full.     Ample  in  extent  or  volume;  well  filled. 

Fullgrown.     As  large  as  it  is  likely  to  become. 

Gargantuan.     Incredibly  big.    [Gargantua,  Rabelais.] 

Gaunt.     Tall  and  thin. 

Giant.     Of  very  great  size. 

Giantlike.     Like  a  giant. 

Gigantic.     Unusually  great  in  dimensions. 

Goodly.     Rather  large. 

Great,  etc.     Relatively  or  unusually  large.     See  Magnitude. 

Huge.     Having  great  bulk  or  unusual  size. 

Hulking.     Unwieldy;  bulky. 

Hulky.     See  Hulking 

Immeasurable.     Indefinitely  extensive. 

Immense.     Very  great  in  size. 

In  condition.     Ready  for  service. 

Infinite,  etc.     So  great  as  to  be  immeasurable.     See  Infinity 

In  good  case.     In  good  condition. 

In  good  condition.     Strong. 

Jolly.     Most  remarkable 

Large.     Exceeding  most  other  things  of  like  kind  in  bulk  or  size. 

Large  as  life.     Of  life-size. 

Lubberly.     Big  and  clumsy. 

Lumpish.     Large  and  inert. 

Lusty.     Big  and  strong. 

Magnificent.     Imposing  in  appearance. 

Massive.     Of  great  bulk  and  weight. 

Massy.     Having  much  bulk  or  weight. 

Mighty.     Of  unusual  size  or  power. 

Monster.     Extraordinary  in  size. 

Monstrous.     Of  extraordinary  and  unnatural  size. 

Overgrown.     Grown  beyond  the  fit  or  natural  size 

Plump.     Extended  to  the  full. 

Plump  as  a  dumpling.)  ~,  ,    . 

n%  _i_-j       (  Degrees  of  size. 

Plump  as  a  partridge  J 

Portly.     Somewhat  stout  or  corpulent. 

Puffy.     Swelled  with  air  or  anything  soft. 

Spacious,  etc.     Of  very  great  extent.     See  Extension. 

Spanking.     Uncommonly  large. 

Squab.     Fat  and  thick. 

Stalwart.     Large  and  powerful. 

Stout.     Having  full  measure. 

Strapping.     Large  and  strong. 

Stupendous.     Astonishing  in  magnitude. 

Thumping.     Of  extraordinary  size 

Thundering.     Very  great. 

Towering.     Very  high. 

Unwieldy,     Difficult  to  handle  on  account  of  size. 

Vast.     Of  great  or  immeasurable  extent 

Vasty.     See  Vast. 

Voluminous.     Of  great  bulk  or  size. 

Well-fed.     Fat. 

Whacking.     Very  large. 

Whopping.     Unusually  large. 


LITTLENESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Be  little,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Lie  in  a  nutshell.     Be  very  small. 

Littleness — Adjectives. 

Atomic.     Extremely  minute. 

Corpuscular.     Small  and  insignificant  in  size. 

Cramp.     Contracted  in  form. 

Cramped.     Contracted  in  form  and  action. 

Dapper.     Little  and  active. 

Diminutive.     Of  relatively  small  size. 

Dumpy.     Short  and  thick. 

Duodecimo.     Of  twelve  pages  of  small  size,  as  a  book. 

Dwarf.     Smaller  than  others  of  its  species. 

Dwarfed.     Kept  or  made  to  become  smaller. 

Dwarfish.     Below  the  normal  size. 

Embryonic.     Not  yet  developed. 

Evanescent.     Gradually  passing  away. 

Exiguous.     Small  and  slender. 

Granular,  etc.     Small  and  fine,  like  grains.     See  Friability. 

Homeopathic.     Very  small  in  quantity. 

Impalpable.     Too  small  to  be  felt  by  the  touch. 

Imperceptible.     Too  small  to  be  perceived. 

Inappreciable.     Too  small  to  be  taken  into  account. 

Inconsiderable,  etc.     Small  in  quantity  or  importance.     See  Consb* 
quence-Insignificance. 

Infinitesimal.     Infinitely  small. 

Intangible.     Imperceptible  to  the  touch. 

Invisible.     Incapable  of  being  seen. 

Liliputian.     Abnormally    and   ridiculously    small.   [Gulliver's  Trav- 
els.} 

Limited.     Confined  to  certain  bounds. 

Little.     Below  normal  size;  smaller  than  other  like  things. 

Microscopic.     Visible  only  under  a  microscope. 

Miniature.     Much  smaller  than  reality. 

Minikin.     Of  small  size  and  delicate  form. 

Minute.     Exceedingly  small. 

Molecular.     Of  or  pertaining  to  extremely  small  particles. 

Petty.     Of  little  importance. 

Pigmy.     Very  small  for  its  kind. 

Pocket.     Small  enough  to  go  into  a  pocket. 

Pollard.     Shorn  of  the  head. 

Portable.     Small  enough  to  carry. 

Portative.     Easily  carried. 
uny.     Small  and  weak. 

Rudimental.     Only  partially  developed 

Rudimentary.     In  an  incomplete  state  of  development. 

Scant.     Scarcely  enough. 

Scraggy.     Lean  and  bony. 

Scrubby.     Of  stunted  growth. 

Short,  etc.     Of  little  stature  or  length.     See  Length-Shortness. 

Shrunk,  etc.     Made  smaller  by  contraction.     See  Enlargement- 
Diminution. 

Small,  etc.     Comparatively  less  than  another  or  than  a  standard. 
See  Magnitude-Smallness. 

Squat.     Short  and  thick. 

Stunted.     Checked  in  growth. 

Thin,  etc.     Lacking  plumpness  of  figure.     See  Breadth-Narrow- 
ness. 
Tiny.     Very  small. 
Undersized.     Below  normal  size. 
Weazened.     Shrunken  and  withered. 
Wee.     Very  small. 


Littleness — Adverbs. 

In  a  nutshell.     Briefly. 

In  a  small  compass.     Diminutively. 

On  a  small  scale.       In  miniature. 


greave.     Armor  for  the  lower  leg.     Dress-Undress. 

greed.  Excessive  desire.  Desire-Distaste,  Fasting- 
Gluttony. 

greed'-i-ness.  Ardent  and  selfish  desire.  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Fasting-Gluttony. 

greed'-y.  Avaricious.  Desire-Distaste,  Extrava- 
gance^Avarice,  Fasting-Gluttony. 


Greek.  The  language  of  the  Greeks;  belonging  to 
Greece.  Clearness- Obscurity,  Robber;  Greek 
Church,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy;  Greek  Kalends, 
Duration  -Neverness;  St.  Giles's  Greek,  Word- 
Neology. 

green.  Unripe;  inexperienced;  new.  Credulousness- 
Skepticism,      Gulf  -  Plain,      Habit  -  Desuetude, 


GREEN. 


468 


GROOVE. 


Health-Sickness,  Infancy-Age,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Nov- 
elty-Antiquity, Redness -Greenness,  Remem- 
brance- Forgetfulness,  Skill -Unskilfulness; 
board  of  green  cloth,  Tribunal;  green  fields  and  pas- 
tures new,  City-Country;  green  memory,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness;  green  old  age,  Infancy- 
Age. 

green'-back".     Paper  money.     Money. 

green'-eyed"  mon'-ster.  Jealousy.  Pardon-Jeal- 
ousy. 

green'-horn".  Novice.  Adept-Bungler,  Gull-De- 
ceiver,  Sage-Fool,  Scholar-Dunce. 

green'-house".  House  for  sheltering  tender  plants. 
Contents  -  Receiver,  Domestication  -  Agricul- 
ture. 

green'-ish.     Somewhat   green.     Redness-Greenness. 

green'-ness.  The  state  of  being  green.  Redness- 
Greenness. 

green'-room".  Waiting  room  for  actors  in  a  theater. 
Acting. 

green'-sward".     Green  turf.     Gulf-Plain. 

greet.  To  address  on  meeting.  Jubilation-Lamen- 
tation, Politeness-Impoliteness. 

greet'-ing.  Welcome.  Politeness-Impoliteness, 
Sociability-Privacy. 

gre-ga'-ri-ous.  Flocking  together.  Sociability-Pri- 
vacy. 

gre-nade'.     Explosive  shell.     Weapon. 

gren"-a-dier' .  One  of  a  regiment  of  big  soldiers.  Bel- 
ligerent, Height-Lowness. 

grey.     See  Gray. 

grid'-e-lin.     Gray  violet.     Yellowness-Purple. 

grid'-i"-ron.  Broiling-grate.  Crossing,  Oven-Re- 
frigerator. 

grief.  Sorrow.  Pleasure-Pain;  come  to  grief, 
Pleasure-Pain,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

griev'-ance.  Wrong  done.  Good-Evil,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Right-Wrong,  Success-Fail- 
ure. 

grieve.  To  sorrow.  Jubilation-Lamentation,  Light- 
he  artedn ess-Dejection,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Pleasure-Pain,  Right-Wrong. 

griev'-ous.  Causing  grief.  Goodness  -  Badness, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

griev'-ous-ly.     Heavily.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

grif'-fin.  Vulture.     Conventionality-Unconvention- 

ALITY. 

grif  '-fin-age.     Greenness.     Writing-Printing. 

griffo  [It.]  (grif'-fo).  Frizzled.  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity. 

grig.     Cricket.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

grill.     Gridiron.     Heating-Cooling. 

grille.     Grated  gate.     Crossing. 

grim.  Disagreeable.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Favorite- 
moroseness,  llghtheartedness  -  dejection, 

Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness,  Politeness  -  Im- 
politeness; grim-faced,  Beauty-Ugliness,  Light- 
heartedness;  grim-visaged  war,  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Fighting  -  Conciliation,  Lightheartedness  -  De- 
jection. 

gri-mace'.  Smirk.  Proportion-Deformity,  Society- 
Affectation. 

grimacier  [F.]  (gri-ma-si-e') .  Grinner.  Acting, 
Beauty-Ugliness,  Wag. 

gri-mal'-kin.     Old  female  cat.     Fauna-Flora. 

grime.     Make  dirty.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

gri'-my.     Dirty.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

grin.  Smile.  Jubilation -Lamentation,  Society- 
Derision;  grin  a  ghastly  smile,  Beauty- Ugliness, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

grind'.  To  rub.  Charitableness -Malevolence, 
Education-Learning,  Enlargement-Diminution, 
Friability,     Friction-Lubrication,     Sharpness, 


Bluntness;  grind    one's    teeth,  Favorite-Anger; 
grind  the  organ,  Musician. 

grind'-er.  That  which  grinds.  Friability,  In- 
structor-Pupil. 

grind'-ing.  See  Grind.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Harshness-Mildness,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

grind'-stone".  Stone  used  in  sharpening  tools.  Fria- 
bility, Sharpness-Bluntness. 

grip.  Hold.  Keeping-Relinquishment,  Rule-Li- 
cense, Taking-Receiving;  grip  of  the  hand,  Po- 
liteness-Impoliteness. 

gripe.     See  Grip.     Extravagance  -  Avarice,     Sen 
suality  -  Suffering,    Pleasurableness  -  Painful- 
ness, Rule-License. 

griped.     Grasped.     Pleasure-Pain. 

gri'-ping.     Avaricious.     Extravagance-Avarice. 

grisaille  [F.]  (gri-zel').  A  style  of  painting.  Gray- 
Brown,  Painting. 

grisette  [F.]  (gri-zet').  Working-girl  of  Paris.  Gentil- 
ity-Democracy, Male-Female,  Purity-Rake. 

gris'-ly.     Savage.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

grist.  Grain  to  be  ground.  Materials,  Provision- 
Waste;  grist  to  the  mill,  Gain-Loss,  Provision- 
Waste,  USEFULNESS-USELESSNESS. 

gris'-tle.  Cartilage.  Solidity-Rarity,  Toughness- 
Brittleness. 

gris'-tly.  Consisting  of  gristle.  Toughness-Brittle- 
ness. 

grist'-mill".     A  mill  for  grinding  grain.     Friability. 

grit.  Sand.  Friability;  grit  in  the  oil,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help. 

grit'-ty.  Containing  grit.  Friability,  Hardness- 
Softness. 

griz'-zled.     Gray.     Gray-Brown,  Variegation. 

griz'-zly.     Grayish.     Gray-Brown. 

groan.  Moan.  Cry-Ululation,  Jubilation-Lamen^ 
tation. 

groat.     Old  English  coin.     Money. 

gro'-cer.     Dealer  in  groceries.     Provision-Waste. 

gro'-cer-y.     Grocer's  store.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

grog.  Drink  of  water  and  spirits.  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion, Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

grog'-gy.     Tipsy.     See  Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

groin.     Junction  of  thigh  and  abdomen.     Angularity. 

groom.  One  who  cares  for  horses.  Chief-Under- 
ling; groom  of  the  chambers,  Chief-Underling. 

groove.  Furrow.  Groove,  Habit- Desuetude; 
move  in  a  groove,  Conventionality-Unconven- 
tionality;  put  in  a  groove  for,  Preparation-Non* 
preparation. 

GROOVE. 

Chamber.     A  groove  or  channel. 
Channel.     Bed  of  a  long  body  of  watw. 
Crack.     A  partial  break. 

£**•  }  A  ditch. 
Dyke.) 

Ditch.     A  trench  dug  in  the  ground. 

Fluting.     A  groove  cut  spirally. 

Fosse.     A  ditch  around  a  fortified  place. 

Furrow.     Any  long  depression. 

Groove.     A  furrow  for  something  to  fit  in. 

Gutter.     A  channel  for  carrying  off  rain-water. 

Incision.     An  opening  made  with  a  cutting  instrument. 

Kennel.     The  gutter  of  a  street. 

Moat.     A  ditch  on  the  outside  of  a  fortress  wall. 

Ravine.     A  deep  gorge  or  hollow. 

Rut.     A  groove  forming  a  path  for  anything. 

Score.     Notch;  incised  line. 

Scratch.     A  slight  linear  incision. 

Slit.     A  long,  deep  incision. 

Streak.     A  long,  irregular  line. 

Striae.     Minute  grooves. 

Sulcus.     A  long,  narrow  furrow. 

Trench.     A  long,  narrow  excavation  in  the  ground. 

Trough.     A  long  open  receptacle  for  water. 


GROOVE. 


469 


GUARD. 


Groove — Verbs. 

Bite  in.     To  make  an  indentation  mark  in. 

Furrow,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Engrave.     To  carve  upon  a  surface. 

Etch.     To  engrave  by  means  of  a  needle  and  mordant. 

Flute.     To  form  parallel  grooves. 

Incise.      To  cut  with  a  sharp  instrument. 

Plow.     To  furrow  with  a  plow. 

Groove — Adjectives. 

Jisulcate.  J.  Having  the  hoo£  divided  by  two  grooves. 

Canaliculated.     Furrowed  longitudinally. 

Corduroy.     A  kind  of  ribbed  cotton  cloth. 

Fluted.     Ornamented  with  parallel  grooves. 

Furrowed,  etc.     Marked  with  grooves  or  furrows.     See  Wrk. 

Ribbed.     Having  ridges. 

Striated.     Covered  with  minute  grooves. 

Sulcated.      Having  a  deep  furrowed  surface. 

Trisulcate.     Having  the  hoof  divided  by  three  grooves. 

grope.     To  feel  about  in  the  dark.     Touch,  Trial; 
grope  in  the  dark,  Difficulty-Facility. 

gro'-schen.     A  coin.     Values. 

gross.  Coarse;  large.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Clean- 
ness-Filthiness,  Five-Quinquesection,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness,  Purity-Impurity,  Repentance- 
Obduracy,  Virtue-Vice,  Whole-Part;  gross  credu- 
lity, Credulousness-Skepticism;  gross  receipts, 
Outlay-Income. 

gross'-ly.     Greatly.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

gross'-head" .     Stupid  person.     Sage-Fool. 

gross'-head-ed.     Stupid.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

grossierete,  ,  [F.]  (gro-si-er-te').  Coarseness.  Po- 
liteness-Impoliteness. 

gross'-ness.     Rudeness.     Purity-Impurity. 

grot.     A  small  cave.     Convexity-Concavity. 

gro-tesque'.  Fantastic.  Conventionality-Uncon- 
ventionality,  Proportion-Deformity,  Purity- 
Crudeness,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

grot'-to.  Small  cavern.  Contents-Receiver,  Con- 
vexity-Concavity. 

ground.  Soil;  base,  important  part,  or  beginning  of 
anything.  Cause-Effect,  Cover-Lining,  Edu- 
cation-Miste aching,  Evidence-Counterevidence, 
Extension-District,  Gulf-Plain, Motive-Caprice, 
Ocean-Land,  Property,  Suspension-Support,  Top- 
Bottom;  above  ground,  Life-Death;  dress  the 
ground,  Domestication-Agriculture;  fall  to  the 
ground,  Success- Failure;  get  over  the  ground, 
Swiftness-Slowness;  go  over  the  ground,  Trans- 
mission; ground  bait,  Giving-Receiving;  ground 
cut  from  under  one,  Success-Failure;  ground  floor, 
Contents-Receiver,  Height-Lowness,  Top-Bot- 
tom; ground  of  quarrel,  Variance-Accord;  ground 
on,  Rationale-Luck;  ground  plan,  Delineation- 
Caricature;  ground  sliding  from  under  one,  Secu- 
rity-Insecurity; ground  swell,  Agitation,  River- 
Wind;  level  with  the  ground,  Creation-Destruc- 
tion; maintain  one's  ground,  Attack-Defense, 
Persistence- Whim;  prepare  the  ground,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation;  stand  one's  ground,  At- 
tack-Defense, Conservation,  Reprisal-Resist- 
ance. 

ground'-age.  Atoll  levied  on  vessels  importing  grain 
into  the  port  of  London.     Price-Discount. 

ground'-ed.     Stuck  in  the  ground.     Success-Failure; 

f rounded    on,    Evidence-Counterevidence,    Top- 
Iottom;  well  grounded,  Knowledge-Ignorance. 
ground'-less.     Without  foundation  or   cause.      Rati- 
ocination-Instinct,   Substance-Nullity,  Truth- 
Error. 
ground'-ling.     One   standing   in  the  pit  of  a  theater. 

Gentility-Democracy. 
ground"-mo-raine' .    A  till  under  an  iceberg.    Geology. 


grounds.  Settlings.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Gulp- 
Plain. 

ground'- work".  Basis.  Cause-Effect,  Predecessor- 
Continuation,  Preparation  -  Nonpreparation, 
Suspension-Support,  Top-Bottom. 

group.  Gathering.  Gathering-Scattering,  Organ- 
ization-Disorganization. 

grout.     Cement.     Connective. 

grove.  Woods  free  from  underbrush.  Convexity- 
Concavity,  Dweller-Habitation,  Fauna-Flora. 

grov'-el.  To  creep.  Height-Lowness.  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness, Swiftness-Slowness,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

grov'el-ling.  Mean;  sordid.  Presumption-Obseoui- 
ousness,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

grow.  To  increase.  Conversion,  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Increase- Decrease;  grow  from, 
Cause-Effect;  grow  into,  Conversion-Reversion; 
grow  less,  Enlargement-Diminution;  grow  taller, 
Height-Lowness;  grow  together,  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness; grow  up,  Enlargement-Diminution;  grow 
upon  one,  Habit-Desuetude. 

growl.  To  talk  in  a  surly  manner.  Charitableness- 
Menace,  Cry-Ululation,  Favorite-Anger,  Jubi- 
lation-Lamentation, Politeness-Impoliteness. 

growl'-er.  One  who  growls;  vessel  for  carrying  beer. 
Contentedness  -  Discontentment,  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

growl'-ing.      Angry  faultfinding.      Favorite-Morose- 

NESS. 

grown.     Increased.     Grown  up,  Manhood. 

growth.  That  which  has  grown.  Conversion-Rever- 
sion, Convexity-Concavity,  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Enlargement-Diminution,  Fauna-Flora, 
Increase-Decrease. 

grub.  Kind  of  worm;  food.  Greatness-Littleness, 
Nutriment-Excretion;    grub  up,  Discovery,   In 

JECTION-EjECTION. 

Grub'-street".  Center  for  literary  hacks  in  London. 
Grub-street  writer,  Missive-Publication. 

grudge.  To  begrudge.  Extravagance  -  Avarice, 
Favorite-Anger,  Love-Hate,  Proffer-Refusal, 
Readiness-Reluctance;  bear  a  grudge,  Charita- 
bleness-Malevolence, Love-Hate;  owe  a  grudge, 
Love-Hate. 

grudg'-ing.  Reluctant.  Extravagance-Avarice. 
Readiness-Reluctance;  grudging  praise,  Appro- 
val-Disapproval. 

grudg'-ing-ly.  Reluctantly.  Readiness -Reluct- 
ance. 

grue'-some.     Horrid.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

gruff.  Surly.  Cacophony,  Politeness -Impolite- 
ness, Resonance-Nonresonance. 

grum.     Sour.     Cacophony,  Favorite-Moroseness. 

grum'-ble.  To  find  fault.  Contentedness-Discok 
tentment,  Cry-Ululation. 

grum'-bler.  One  who  complains.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Jubilation-Lamentation. 

grume.     Clot.     Pulpiness-Oiliness. 

gru'-mous.  Clotted.  Pulpiness-Oiliness,  Solidity- 
Rarity. 

grump'-y.     Gruff.     Favorite-Moroseness. 

grunt.  To  make  a  noise  like  a  pig.  Cry-Ululation 
Jubilation-Lamentation. 

grun'-tle.     To  grunt.     Cry-Ululation. 

gua'-no.     Kind  of  fertilizer.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

guar"-an-tee'.  Promise;  security.  Engagement- 
Release,  Security. 

guar'-an-ty.     A  pledge.     Security. 

guard.  One  who  watches;  that  which  procscts. 
Attack- Defense,  Belligerent,  Conservation, 
Guard-Prisoner,  Security-Insecurity,  Way- 
farer-Seafarer; advanced  guard,  Warning;  guard 
against,  Attack-Defense,  Preparation-Nonprep- 


GUARD. 


470 


GULP. 


aration;  guard  ship,  Belligerent;  off  one's 
guard,  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Expectation- 
Surprise,  Heed-Disregard,  Security-Insecurity; 
on  one's  guard,  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Reck- 

GUARD— 
Ayah.     A  nurse  or  waiting-maid. 
Body-guard       A  number  of  persons  maintained  for  the  purpose  of 

personal  protection. 
Bonne  [F.j.     A  nurse-maid. 
Castellan.     The  keeper  of  a  castle. 
Charley.     A  name  given  to  a  night  watchman. 
Coast-guard.     Police  stationed  along  a  coast. 
Concierge  [P.].     A  janitor  or  doorkeeper. 
Custodian.     One  having  the  care  of  anything. 
Citstos.  IL.].     A  guardian  or  custodian. 

Duenna.     An  elderly  woman  who  keeps  watch  over  a  young  woman. 
Escort.     A  guard  which  accompanies  -  person  when  traveling. 
Gamekeeper.     One  having  the  care  of  game. 
Gaoler.     Jailer 

Governess.     A  female  governor;  especially,  over  children. 
Governor.     One  who  governs  or  controls;  especially,  one  having 

executive  authority. 
Guard.     A  person  who  or  thing  which  protects  or  defends. 
Guarda  costa  [It.].     A  coast-guard. 
Guardian.     One  having  legal  power  over  person  or  property,  or  both, 

of  another. 
Jailer.     The  keeper  of  a  jail. 

Keeper.     A  person  or  thing  that  keeps  or  has  possession  of  anything. 
Nurse.     One  who  cares  for  children  or  invalids. 
Protector.     One  who  guards  from  injury. 
Ranger.     One  who  protects  large  tracts  of  land. 
Sentinel.     A  soldier  stationed  at  some  point  for  protection. 
Sentry.     A  sentinel. 

Turnkey.     One  having  the  keys  of  a  prison. 
Warder.     One  who  wards  or  keeps. 
Watch.     One  or  more  persons  set  to  guard  against  danger. 

guarda  costa  [It.]  (gwar'-da  cos'-ta).  Coast-guard. 
Guard-Prisoner. 

guard'-ed.  Protected;  cautious.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Recklessness-Caution,  Terms. 

guard'-i-an.  Protector.  Attack -Defense,  Guard- 
Prisoner,  Security-Insecurity;  guardian  angel, 
Antagonist  -  Assistant,  Benefactor  -  Evildoer, 
Security-Insecurity. 

guard'-less.     Lacking  defense.     Security-Insecurity. 

guard'-room".     Prisoner's   cell.     Release-Prisoner. 

gu"-ber-na'-tion.     Government.     Management. 

gu"-ber-na-to'-ri-al.  Pertaining  to  a  governor.  Rule- 
License. 

gudg'-eon.     Simpleton.     Gull-Deceiver. 

guer'-don.     Reward.     Recompense-Punition. 

guerre  a  outrance  [F.]  (ger  a  u-tran's').  War  to  ex- 
termination.    Fighting-Conciliation. 

guerre,  nom  de  [F.]  (gSr,  non-  de).  A  nickname. 
Name-Misnomer. 

guerre,  ruse  de  [F.]  (ger,  ruzde).  Stratagem  of  war. 
Craft-Artlessness. 

guer-ril'-la.  One  of  an  irregular  band  of  soldiers.  Bel- 
ligerent. 

guess.     To  con  jecture.     Hypothesis. 

guess'-work".     Guess.     Hypothesis. 

guest.     Visitor.     Friend-Foe. 

guet-apens  [F.]  (gS-ta-pcur').  An  ambush.  Life- 
Killing,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

guet,  mil  du  [F.]  (ge\  mo  du).     A  watchword.     Sign. 

guf-faw'.    Noisy  laughter.    Jubilation-Lamentation. 

gug'-gle.     To  gurgle.     Cry-Ululation,    Resonance- 

NoNRESONANCE,    RlVER-WlND,  VlSCIDITY-FoAM. 

guid'-ance.  A  leading.  Advice,  Education  -  Mis- 
teaching,  Management. 

guide.  Director.  Advice,  Education-Misteaching, 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Instructor-Pupil,  Man- 
agement, Manager,  Sign,  Traveling-Navigation. 

guide'-board".  A  board  bearing  direction  for  travelers. 
Sign,  Warning. 

guide'-book".  Hand-book  of  maps,  etc.  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy. 


lessness-Caution,  Warning;  rear  guard,  Anteri- 
ority-Posteriority,    Warning;  throw    off    one's 
guard,    Carefulness -Carelessness,    Craft-Art- 
lessness. 

PRISONER. 

Captive.     One  captured  and  held  in  confinement. 

Close  prisoner.     One  held  in  strict  confinement. 

Detenu  [F.J.     A  prisoner 

Jail-bird.     One  who  has  frequently  been  imprisoned 

Prisoner.     One  who  is  confined  in  a  prison. 

Ticket-of-leave  man.     A  prisoner  having  a  permit  to  be  at  large. 

Prisoner — Verbs. 

Be  imprisoned.     See  Adjectives. 
Stand  committed.     To  be  held  for  trial. 

Prisoner — Adjectives. 

Imprisoned.     Confined  in  a  prison. 

In  chains.     Held  in  captivity  by  chains. 

In  charge.     Under  the  care  of. 

In  custody.  .  In  the  safe-keeping  of. 

In  durance  vile.     Kept  as  a  prisoner. 

In  limbo.     In  prison. 

In  prison.     Confined  within  the  walls  of  a  prison. 

In  quod.     In  prison. 

On  parole.     Released  on  word  of  honor  not  to  escape. 

Under  hatches.     Confined  under  the  deck  of  a  ship. 

Under  lock  and  key.     Restrained  by  lock  and  key. 


GUARD— Continued. 

Watch  and  ward.     Continuous'watch  for  the  purpose  of  guarding. 
Watchdog.     A  dog  which  watches  or  protects. 
Watchman.     One  who  watches  or  guards,  as  at  night. 

guid'-ed.  Directed;  guided  by.  Conventionality-Un- 
conventionality. 

guide'-less.     Lacking  a  guide.     Security-Insecurity. 

guide'-post".  Post  to  which  is  nailed  the  guide-board. 
Sign. 

guid'-ing.  Showing  the  way.  Guiding  star,  Manage- 
ment, Manager. 

gui'-don.  A  guide-flag  carried  by  a  mounted  cavalry, 
man.     Sign,  Warning. 

guild.     See  Gild. 

guild'-hall".     See  Gildhall. 

guile.  Deceit.  Craft-Artlessness,  Trutiifulness>- 
Fraud. 

guile'-less.  Frank.  Craft-Artlessness,  Truthful- 
ness-Falsehood. 

guil-loche'.     Ornament.     Architecture. 

guil"-lo-tine'.  To  behead;  an  instrument  for  behead- 
ing. Recompense-Punition,  Recompense-Scourge. 

guilt.  State  of  one  who  has  done  wrong.  Goodness' 
Badness,  Innocence-Guilt. 

guil'-ti-ness.     Innocence-Guilt. 

guilt'-less.     Innocent.     Innocence-Guilt. 

guilt'-less-ness.  State  of  being  guiltless.  Innocenck- 
Guilt. 

guilt'-sick".     Sick  with  guilt.     Innocence-Guilt. 

guilt'-y.  Having  done  wrong.  Find  guilty,  Exculpa- 
tion-Conviction; plead  guiLy,  Repentance-Obdu- 
racy. 

guindi  [F.]  (gan'-dSO.  Bombastic.  Purity-Crude- 
ness. 

guin'-ea.     An  English  coin.     Money,  Values. 

guis'-ard.    A  clown.     Acting. 

guise.  Pretense;  dress.  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Condition-Situation,  Conduct,  Dress-Un- 
dress, Pretext,  Way. 

guis'-er.     Masker.     Acting. 

gui-tar'.   Musical  instrument.   Musical  Instruments. 

gules.     Red  color.     Redness-Greenness. 

gulf.  Body  of  water  extending  into  the  land.  Deep- 
ness-Shallowness,  Gulf-Plain,  Interspace-Con- 
tact. 


GULF— PLAIN. 


471 


GULL— DECEIVER 


GULF— PLAIN. 


Armlet.     A  little  arm  of  the  sea. 

Arm  of  the  sea.     A  body  of  water  projecting  into  the  land  from  the 

sea. 
Bay.     The  water  between  two  projecting  headlands 
BeJt.     A  long,  narrow  strait  of  water. 
Bight.     A  slightly  receding  bay. 
Cove.     A  small  recess  in  the  seashore. 
Creek.     A  narrow  inlet  of  water  from  the  sea  into  the  land. 

tstuary.     The  mouth  of  a  tidal  river. 

auripus.     The  narrowest  portion  of  the  channel  which  separates 

Eubuea  from  the  mainland. 
Fiord.     A  long  and  narrow  arm  of  the  sea  with  high  rocky  banks. 
Firth, 


'  f  The  opening  of  a  river  into  the  sea. 


The  part  of  a  river  where  its  waters  join  those  of  a    larger 


Frith 

Gulf.    \  A  large  body  of  water  lying  within  a  curve  of  the  general 

Gulph. )       coast-Hne  of  a  country. 

Gut.     A  narrow  passage  of  water. 

Indraft.     A  small  body  of  water  leading  into  a  larger. 

Inlet.     A  small  sheltered  body  of  water. 

Kyles.     A  strait. 

Land  covered  with  water.     A  pond ,  etc . 

Lagoon. 1  A  shallow  inkt  of  the  8ea 

LaguneJ 

Mouth, 
body. 

Natural  harbor.     An  inlet   of  the  sea  so  protected  by  nature  as  to 
afford  safety  for  ships. 

Ostiary.     The  opening  by  which  a  river  empties  its  waters  into  the 
sea. 

Roads.     A  place  of  anchorage  off  shore. 

Sound.     A  long  and  proportionately  narrow  passage  of  water,  more 
extensive  than  a  strait. 

Strait.     A  narrow  passage  of  water.     See  Lake.  * 

Gulf. — Associated  Nouns. 

Artesian  well.     A  deep  bored  well  receiving  its  water  from  an  under- 
ground lake. 

Broad.     A  lake  formed  by  the  expansion  of  a  river. 

Dead-water.     Eddy-water. 

Fish-pond.     A  small  lake  in  which  fish  are  kept. 

Lake.     An  inland  body  of  water. 

Lin.     A  waterfall. 

Loch.     The  Scottish  word  for  lake. 

Lough.     The  Irish  word  for  lake. 

Mere.     A  small  lake. 

Mill-pond.     A  pond  formed  by  the  water  held  back  by  the  mill-dam. 

Plash.     A  small  collection  of  standing  water. 

Pond.     A  body  of  still  water. 

Pool.     A  collection  of  water  in  a  natural  depression. 

Puddle.     A  small  and  dirty  pool. 

Reservoir.     A  basin,  either  natural  or  artificial,  containing  water  to 
be  used  for  some  specific  purpose.     See  Store. 

Sheet  of  water.     A  broad  extent  of  water. 

Slab.     A  puddle. 

Standing  water.     Stagnant  water. 

Tarn.     A  small  mountain  lake. 

Well.     A  spring. 

Gulf — Nouns  of  Means. 

A  barrier  to  stop  the  flow  of  a  stream  so  as  to  form  a  small 


Dam. 

lake. 
Ditch. 


Basin.  A  whole  tract  of  country  drained  by  a  river  and  its  tributa- 
ries. 

Bush.     Flat  country  covered  by  a  scrubby  growth. 

Campagna  [It.].     The  flat  country  about  Rome. 

Campus.     College  grounds.     [American.] 

Champaign  country.     Level  and  open  ground. 

Common.     A  flat  piece  of  ground  owned  in  common  by  a  town. 

Desert.     A  barren  plain. 

Downs.  Broad  ridges  of  elevated  land  near  the  sea,  covered  with 
fine  turf. 

Face  of  the  country.     The  open,  level  part  of  the  country. 

Field.     A  cultivated  piece  of  flat  land. 

Grass-plat.     A  small,  even  piece  of  ground  covered  with  grass. 

Green.     A  small  grassy  plain. 

Greensward.     Turf  on  which  grass  grows. 

Grounds.     A  level  tract  of  land  put  to  a  special  use. 

Haugh.     Low-lying  rich  lands. 

leather  J  ^  P^am  covered  with  coarse  herbage,  especially  heather. 

Lawn.     A  flat  grassy  space. 
Lay.     See  Lea. 

j      '  |  A  plain  used  for  pasturage. 

Llano.     An  extensive  plain  with  or  without  grass. 

Mead.     A  poetic  form  for  meadow. 

Meadow.     A  plain  producing  grass,  generally  mown  for  hay. 

Moor.     An  extensive  tract  of  waste  land. 

Moorland.     See  Moor. 

Open  country.     Country  level  and  free  from  growth. 

Pampas.     The  great  treeless  plains  of  South  America. 

Park      An  enclosed  and  partly  wooded  plain  used  for  recreation. 

Pasturage.     A  plain  used  for  grazing. 

Plain.     An  expanse  of  level  land. 

Plat.     A  small,  flat  piece  of  ground. 

Plateau,  etc.     An  elevated  plain.     See  Erectness-Flatness. 

Plot.     A  piece  of  ground  set  apart. 

Prairie.     A  treeless  plain  covered  with  rolling  grass,  especially  as  ia 

the  western  part  of  the  United  States. 
Savanna.     A  plain  covered  with  low  vegetation  in  a  tropical  region. 
Sod.     A  small  extent  of  grassy  surface-soil. 
Steppe.     A  vast,  treeless  plain,  as  in  Russia  and  Siberia. 
Sward.     Land  thickly  covered  with  grass. 
Table- land.     An  elevated  plain. 

Tundra.     A  rolling  plain  of  Russia  and  Siberia,  covered  with  mow 
Turf.     A  flat  piece  of  ground  covered  with  grass. 
Vega.     An  open  and  usually  fruitful  plain. 
Veldt.     An  open  plain  used  generally  for  pasturage. 
Waste.     An  uncultivated  plain. 
Weary  waste.     A  desolate  and  uncultivated  plain. 
Wild.     An  uninhabited  or  uncultivated  plain. 
Wold.     A  gently  sloping  plain. 

Plain — Adjectives. 

Alluvial.     Pertaining  to  earth  laid  down  by  means  of  water. 
Campestrian.     Growing  in  or  pertaining  to  plains. 
Champaign.     Pertaining  to  level  country. 


A  narrow  trench  in  the  ground  in  connection  with  a  dike. 


Dike.  X  An   embankment  thrown  up  to  form  an  artificial   body  of 
Dyke.  J      water. 


Lacustrine. 


GULF— Continued. 

G  u  lf — A  djective. 
Pertaining  to  a  lake. 


gull.       One  easily  duped.        Gull-Deceiver,  Hyperbole,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

GULL— DECEIVER. 


April  fool.     One  who  is  sportively  imposed  upon  by  others  on  the 

first  day  of  April. 
Cat's-paw.     One  who  is  used  by  another  to  accomplish  his  purposes. 

_u.  '    \  A  person  easily  deceived  tricked,  or  imposed  upon. 

Cyclops.     The  one-eyed  giants  cunningly  deceived  by  Ulysses. 

Dupe.     One  who  has  been,  or  is  easily  deceived. 

Flat.     A  dull  fellow;  a  simpleton. 

Fool.     One  destitute  of  reason  or  the  powers  of  understanding.     See 

Sage-Fool. 
Gobemoucite  [F.f|.     A  silly  and  credulous  person. 
Greenhorn.      A  raw,  inexperienced  person. 
Gudgeon.     A  simpleton. 
Gull.     A  person  who  is  easily  taken  advantage  of. 


Actor.     See  Acting. 

Charlatan.     A  pretender;  a  quack. 

Cheat.     An  impostor;  a  deceiver. 

Cockatrice.     A  serpent. 

Conjuror.     A  juggler. 

Crimp.     One  who  entraps  men  into  military  or  naval  sarvice. 

Deceiver.     One  who  leads  into  error. 

Decoy-duck.     A  person  who  lures  otners  into  danger. 

Dissembler.     A  cheat;  a  pretender. 

Empiric.     A  charlatan. 

False  witness.     One  who  gives  untrue  testimony. 

Gipsy.     A  deceiver  by  magic  arts. 

Humbug.     A  swindler;  a  trickster. 

Hypocrite.     One  who  feigns  to  be  something  which  he  is  not. 


GULL— DECEIVER. 


472 


GULL— HYPERBOLE. 


GULL—  DECEIVER— Continued. 


Laughing-stock.     A    person    who    is    an    object    of    ridicule.     See 

Society-Laughingstocx. 
Pigeon.     An  unsuspecting  victim  of  sharpers. 
Puppet.     One  controlled  in  his  actions  by  the  will  of  another. 
Simple  Simon.     An  artless  person.     [Nursery  rhyme.  J 
Victim.     One  who  is  duped  or  cheated. 

Gull — Verbs. 

Be  deceived.     See  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

Be  the  dupe  of.     To  be  the  tool  of;  the  laughing-stock. 

Bite.     To  be  trapped. 

Catch  a  Tartar.     To  assail  one  whom  you  cannot  conquer. 

Fall  into  a  trap.     Get  caught  unawares. 

Nibble  at  the  bait.     Play  with  fire  and  not  to  know  it. 

Swallow  the  bait.     Ensnared;  entrapped. 


Credulous. 
Mistaken. 


Gull — Adjectives. 
See  Credulousness. 
See  Truth-Error.  ■ 


DECEIVER — Denotations— Continued  from  Column  2. 

Joseph  Surface.     A  hypocrite  in  Sheridan's  comedy,  7 lie  School  for 

Scandal. 
Judas*     The  disciple  who  betrayed  Christ;  a  treacherous  wretch. 
Mawworm.     A  hypocritical  ranter  in  Bickerstaff's  comedy  of   The 

Hypocrite. 
Pecksniff.     A  hypocrite  in  Dickens's  Martin  Chuzzlewit. 
Pharisee.     A    censorious    or    self-righteous    person   in    matters    of 

morals,  etc. 
Rosicrucian.     A  Knight  of  the  Rosy  Cross. 
Scapin.     A  knavish  valet  in  Moliere's    comedy,  Les  Fourberies  de 

Scapin. 
Tartufe.     A  hypocritical  priest  in  Moliere's  comedy  of  the  same 

name;  hence,  a  hypocritical  pretender. 
Zingaro.     A  gipsy. 


Impostor.     A  faker;  a  fraud. 

Jilt.     A  coquette;  one  who  deceives  her  lover. 

Jobber.     An  intriguer. 

Jockey.     One  who  cheats  in  horse -trading. 

Juggler.     One  who  deceives  by  legerdemain  or  sleight-of-hand 

Knave.     A  rogue;  a  dishonest  servant. 

Liar.     See  sub  Falsehood. 

Medicaster.     A  quack. 

Menteur  b,  triple  Hage  [F.].     A  deceiver  by  eminence. 

Mountebank.     A  quack  doctor;  a  deceiver. 

Opossum.     An  animal  that  plays  dead  when  seen  or  caught. 

Perjurer.     False  witness  under  oath. 

Prestidigitator.     A  sleight-of-hand  performer ;  a  juggler. 

Pretender.     A  false  claimant. 

Quack.     A  charlatan;  a  fake  doctor. 

Quacksalver.     A  mountebank;  a  pretending  healer. 

Rogue.     A  knave;  an  impostor. 

Saltimbanco.     See  Saltimban<.  ue. 

Saltimbanque  [F.].     A  mountebank;  a  quack. 

Serpent.     An  intriguing  person. 

Shuffler.     A  crafty  artificer;  one  who  changes  his  position. 

Snake  in  the  grass.     A  deceitful  person;  a  copperhead. 

Soi-disant  [F.].     A  pretender;  self -presumptive. 

Sophist.     An  impostor  in  argument. 

Story-teller.     A  teller  of  fictitious  stories;  a  liar. 

Swindler.     A  cheat;  a  rascal. 

Trickster.     A  deceiver. 

Wolf  in  sheep's  clothing.     A  hypocrite;  a    angerous  personage. 

Deceiver — Denotations. 

Ass  in  lion's  skin.     See  Adept-Bungler.     [Old  fable.] 
Cagliostro.     One  of  the  most  prominent  impostors  of  modern  times. 
Fernao  Mendez  Pinto.     Portuguese  adventurer. 
Janus.     The  Roman  deity  with  two  faces;  hence,  a  deceitful  person 


(Continued  on  Column  1.) 


GULL— HYPERBOLE. 


Hyperbole. 
Aggravation.      See  Alleviation-Aggravation. 
Cnricatura.    [It.].     Something  overdone  or  exaggerated. 
Caricature.     See  Delineation-Caricature. 
Coloring.     The  act  of  making  a  thing  unnatural;  false 
Embroidery.     Ornamentation  by  adding  figures  and  colors. 
Exaggeration.     The  act  of  overdrawing;  an  extravagant  statement. 
Expansion.     See  Enlargement. 
Extravagance.     See  E  ■ttravagancb. 
Facon  de  parler  [F.J     Manner  of  speaking. 
False  coloring.     See  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 
Figure  of  speech.     A  beautiful  expression  employed  to  embellish 

one's  language. 
Flight  of  fancy.     See  Fancy. 
Fringe.     Ornamental  goods  sewed  on  a  piece  of  cloth  to  add  to  its 

beauty. 
High  coloring.     Richly  toned;  decorated. 
Hyperbole.     An  exaggeration;  an  overdrawn  statement. 
Men  in  buckram.     Men  in  stiff,  ornamented  suits. 
Much  ado  about  nothing.     See  Overvaluation. 
Puffery.     See  Bragging. 
Rant.     See  Embellishment. 

Storm  in  a  teacup.     See  Much  ado  about  nothing. 
Strain.     Drawn  too  tightly;  a  violent  tension. 
Stretch.     Extending  over  more  than  it  naturally  would. 
Stretch  of  fancy.     Fancy  drawn  out. 
Stretch  of  the  imagination.     Flight  of  the  imagination. 
Traveler's  tale.     A  fictitious  story. 
Yarn.     A  manufactured  lie. 

Hyperbole — Noun  of  Agent. 
Baron  Munchausen.     A  German  army  officer  who  is  credited  with 

impossible  adventures. 

Hyperbole — Verbs. 
Aggravate.     See  sub  Aggravation. 
Amplify.     See  Enlargement. 
Border.     To  ornament  a  garment  or  garden . 
Color.     See  Truth pulness-Fa  ,3Bhooo. 
Color  highly.     To  paint  in  rich  c  lors;  to  adorn. 
Color  too  highly.     To  overdraw;  to  stretch. 

Deal  in  the  marvelous.     To  talk  about  the  impossible,  the  marvelous. 
Draw  a  long  bow.     To  tell  exaggerated  stories. 
Exaggerate.     To  make  statements  that  are  overdrawn. 


Flourish.     To  boast;  brag. 

Go  great  lengths.     To  overdraw;  to  go  to  great  extremes. 

Heighten.     To  make  lofty  and  transcendental  statements. 

Hyperbolize.     To  express  oneself  with  manifest  exaggeration. 

Magnify.     To  laud  too  highly;  exaggerate. 

Make  much  of.     To  make  much  ado  about  an  insignificant  thing. 

Make  the  most  of.     To  exhaust  of  all  its  possibilities. 

Out-Herod  Herod.     To  exceed  in  wickedness  and  violence.    [Bibles] 

Overcharge.     To  overload ;  charge  too  heavily. 

Overcolor.     To  exaggerate. 

Overdraw.     To  magnify;  exaggerate. 

Overestimate.     See  Overvaluation. 

Overlay.     To  spread  on  excessively. 

Overpraise.     To  praise  too  highly. 

Overshoot.     To  go  wide  of  the  mark. 

Overshoot  the  mark.     To  go  beyond. 

Overstate.     To  exaggerate;  make  extravagant  statement*. 

Pile  up.     To  exaggerate. 

Puff.     See  Bragging. 

Run  riot.     To  go  to  excess. 

Shoot  with  a  long  bow.     To  tell  exaggerated  stories. 

Spin  a  long  yarn.     To  tell  a  long,  fictitious  story. 

Strain      To  injure  by  exerting  something  too  violently. 

Strain  a  point.     To  stretch  a  point;  often  too  extensively. 

Stretch.     To  draw  out. 

Stretch  a  point.     See  Strain  a  point. 

Talk  at  random.     To  talk  thoughtlessly. 

Hyperbole — Adjectives. 

Bombastic.     See  Embellishment. 
Egregious.     Surpassing  in  rascality. 
Exaggerated.     Beyond  what  is  strictly  true. 
Extravagant.     Going  beyond  proper  bounds. 
Fabulous.     Not  true;  invented. 
High-flying.     Lofty;  extravagant. 
Hyperbolical.     Given  to  exaggeration. 
On  stilts.     Above  people's  heads. 
Outre"  [F.].     Beyond;  extravagant. 
Overwrought.     Overworked;  overdone. 
Preposterous.     Absurd;  monstrous. 


Hyperbolically,  etc. 


Hyperbole — Adverbs. 
See  Adjectives. 


GULLERY. 


473 


GYVE. 


gull'-er-y.     Trickery.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

guT'-U-bil'-i-ty.  Unsuspecting  credulity.  Credu- 
lousness-Skepticism. 

gul'-li-ble.  Easily  deceived.  Credulousness-Skep- 
ticism. 

gul'-let.  Esophagus;  channel.  Aperture-Closure, 
River- Wind. 

gul'-ly.  Ravine.  Aperture-Closure,  Convexity- 
Concavity,  Interspace-Contact,  Watercourse- 
Airpipe. 

gu-los'-i-ty.     Greediness.     Fasting-Gluttony. 

gulp.  To  swallow  hastily.  Admission-Expulsion, 
Fasting-Gluttony,  Nutriment-Excretion;  gulp 
down,  Credulousness-  Skepticism,  Nutriment- 
Excretion,  Yielding. 

gulph.     See  Gulf. 

gum.  India-rubber;  solidified  excretion  from 
some  trees.  Cohesion-Looseness,  Connective, 
Pulpiness -Rosin,  Viscidity -Foam;  gum  elastic, 
Elasticity-Inelasticity. 

gum-mos'-i-ty.     The  nature  of  gum.     Viscidity-Foam. 

gump'-tion.     Shrewdness.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

gun.  Firearm.  Crash-Drumming,  Push-Pull, 
Weapon;  blow  great  guns,  River-Wind;  great  guns, 
Design  ;  sure  as  a  gun,  Certainty-Doubt. 

.     Kind  of  war- vessel.     Belligerent. 

A  piece  of  flint  put  on  the  hammer  of  a 
Weapon. 
The     device     for     discharging     a     gun. 


Belligerent. 

FlGHTING-CoNCILI- 


gun'-boat". 
gun'-flint". 

musket. 

gun'-lock". 
Weapon. 

gun'-ner.     One  who  fires  a  gun. 

gun'-ner-y.        Use   of  artillery. 
ation,  Weapon. 

gun'-pow"-der.  Explosive,  used  in  shooting  guns. 
Fighting-Conciliation,  Weapon;  not  invent  gun- 
powder, Sage-Fool;  sit  on  a  barrel  of  gunpowder, 
Security-Insecurity. 

gun'-shot".  Distance  a  gun  will  shoot.  Remoteness- 
Nearness. 

gun'-wale".  The  upper  part  of  a  ship's  side.  Con- 
veyance-Vessel. 

gurge.  Whirlpool.  Revolution-Evolution,  River- 
Wind. 

gur'-gle.  Babble.  Loudness-Faintness,  Resonance- 
Nonresonance,  River-Wind,  Viscidity-Foam. 

gur'-goyle.     See  Gargoyle. 

gush.  Sudden  emersion.  Entrance-Exit,  River-Wind. 

gush'-ing.  Flowing  freely.  Emotion,  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy. 

gust.  Squall.  Excitability-Inexcitability,  River- 
Wind,  Savor-Tastelessness,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

gus-ta-tion.     Act  of  tasting.     Savor-Tastelessness. 

gust'-ful.     Tasteful.      Palatableness-Unpalatable- 

NESS. 

gust'-less.     Tasteless.     Savor-Tastelessness. 


gus'-to.  Feeling  or  taste.  Emotion,  Pleasure-Pain, 
Savor-Tastelessness,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

gut.  To  plunder;  to  eviscerate;  intestines;  strait. 
Admission-Expulsion,  Aperture-Closure,  Cre- 
ation-Destruction, Gulf-Plain,  Taking-Resti- 
tution, Theft. 

guts.     Entrails.     Outside-Inside. 

gut'-ta.     Ornament.     Architecture. 

gut'-ter.       Ditch  at  side  of  road;    trough  around  the 
eaves  of  a  house.     City-Country,  Groove,  Water.  • 
course-Airpipe. 

gut'-ti-form".     Drop-shaped.     Circle-Winding. 

gut'-tle.     To  eat  voraciously.     Fasting-Gluttony. 

gut'-tling.     Gormandizer.     Fasting-Gluttony. 

gut'-tur-al.  Pertaining  to  the  throat.  Letter, 
Speech-Inarticulateness. 

guy.  Rod  or  chain  for  steadying.  Connective, 
Release-Prison. 

guz'-zle.  To  drink  much.  Fasting-Gluttony,  In- 
temperance. 

guz'-zling.     Pouring  down.     Fasting-Gluttony. 

gybe.  To  shift  from  one  side  of  a  vessel  to  the  other. 
Det  ermination- Vacillation. 

gym-na'-si-um.  Building  for  physical  exercise;  higher 
school,  as  in  Germany.     Lists,  School. 

gym'-nast.     Athlete.     Strength-Weakness. 

gym-nas'-tic.  Relating  to  bodily  exercise.  Toil- 
Relaxation. 

gym-nas'-tics.  Art  of  exercising  the  body.  Educa- 
tion- Misteaching,  Entertainment- Weariness, 
Strength-Weakness,  Strife-Peace,  Toil-Relax- 
ation. 

gym-nos'-o-phist.  Hindu  hermit-philosopher.  Mod- 
eration -  Selfindulgence,  Orthodoxy  -  Hetero- 
doxy, Voluptuary. 

gyn'-ar-chy.   Government  by  a  woman.   Rule-License. 

gyn"-e-ce'-um.  Part  of  a  Greek  house  reserved  for 
women.     Male-Female. 

gyn"-e-coc'-ra-sy.     Female  rule.     Rule-License. 

gyn"-e-ol'-a-try.  Woman-worship.  Blandishment, 
Love-Hate. 

gyn"-e-pho'-bi-a.  Dislike  of  woman's  society.  Love- 
Hate. 

gyp.  Servant  at  Cambridge  University,  England. 
Chief-Underling. 

gy'-rate.     To  rotate.     Revolution-Evolution. 

gy-ra'-tion.     Any  rotating.     Revolution-Evolution. 

gy'-ra-to-ry.  Having  a  circular  motion.  Revolution- 
Evolution. 

gyre.     A  gyration.     Revolution-Evolution. 

gyr'-fal"-con.     See  Gerfalcon. 

gy-roi'-dal.     Non-symmetrical.     Mineralogy. 

gyr'-o-man"-cy.     Kind  of  divination.     Prophecy. 

gy'-sart.     Guiser;  a  masker.     Acting. 

gyve.     Shackles.     Release-Prison. 


HABEAS 


474 


HABIT— DESUETUDE. 


H 


habeas  corpus  [L.]  (he'-be-as  cor'-pus).  A  writ  to 
produce  a  prisoner  before  a  court  or  judge.  Law- 
Lawlessness. 

hab'-er-dash"-er.  A  dealer  in  gentlemen's  furnishings. 
Buying-Sale. 

hab'-er-geon.     A  coat  of  mail.     Attack-Defense. 

kabiles  gens,  en  [F.]  (a-bil'  zhan*,  an').  Like  able 
men.     Strength-Weakness. 


ha-bil'-i-ment.     Clothing.     Dress-Undress. 

ha-bil"-i-ta'-tion.   Equipment.   Skill-Unskilfulness. 

hab'-it.  Physical  temperament ;  dress ;  custom. 
Dress-Undress,  Habit-Desuetude,  Subjective- 
ness-Objectiveness;  habit  of  mind,  Affections; 
habits  of  business,  Pomp;  want  of  habit,  Habit-Des- 
uetude. 


HABIT— DESUETUDE. 


Acclimatization.     The  process  of  becoming  habituated  to  a  new 

climate. 
Addiction.     The  state  of  being  devoted  or  accustomed. 
Assuef action.     The  act  of  becoming  used  to, 
Assuetude.     Habit  or  habitual  use. 
Bad  habit.     Fixed  or  established  usage  which  is  injurious  to  health, 

morals,  etc. 
Cacoethes  [Gr.].     A  bad  habit. 
Common  course.  *t 

Common  run.  >  Ordinary  usage,  or  peculiar  ways  of  acting. 

Common  state  of  things.  J 

Confirmed  habit.     Tendency  to  perform  certain  actions. 
Conformity.     Compliance  with  some  custom  or  practise. 
Conventionalism.     Accordance  with  fashion,  tradition,  or  usage. 
Conventionality.     Adherence  to  social  formalities. 
Cry.     A  word  or  phrase  caught  up  by  a  party  or  faction  and  repeated 

for  effect. 

Custom.     Established  practise. 

Fashion.     The  prevailing  mode  or  style. 

General  course.  K,  ,,     ,  ,  , 

«  .  [Method  or  procedure  in  use  by  a  great  num. 

General  state  of  things. ) 

Habit.     Involuntary  tendency  to  perform  certain  actions  which  is 

acquired  by  their  frequent  repetition. 
Habitude.     Usual  or  accustomed  state  with  reference  to  something 

else. 
Hardening.     The  act  of  becoming  confirmed  in  any  act. 
Immemorial  usage.     A  practise  whose  beginning  is  lost  to  memory. 
Intrinsic  habit.     A  practise  which  is  inherited. 
Inurement.     The  process  of  becoming  accustomed  to. 
Inveterate  habit.     A  habit  firmly  established  by  long  continuance. 
Knack.     Aptness  at  doing  something,  gained  by  practise. 
Matter  of  course .     Anything  done  by  habit . 
Mode.     Regular  manner  of  doing  or  acting. 
Natural  course. 
Natural  run. 

Hatural  state  of  things. )      order  or  *""  o£  nature- 
Observance.     A  customary  act  or  service  of  attention. 
One's  old  way.     A  course  of  acting  established  by  habit. 

Ordinarv  run      *  (Settled    or  regular  method  or   course   of 

Ordinary  state  of  things. )      actlon- 

Practise.     Frequently  repeated  or  customary  action. 

Precedent.     Something  done  or  said  that  may  serve  as  an  example 

for  a  subsequent  act. 
Prescription.     A  title  or  claim  established  by  immemorial  use  or 

enjoyment. 
Prevalence.     The  quality  of  being  received  or  accepted  generally. 
Radication.     The  process  of  taking  root  deeply. 
Routine.     Regular  sequence  of  duties  or  acts. 
Run      Continuation  in  a  certain  course. 
Seasoning      The  process  of  becoming  accustomed  to. 
Second  nature.     Very  strong  habit. 

Training,  etc.     Systematic  instruction,  etc.     See  Education. 
Trick.     A  particular  habit  or  manner. 
Usage.     Long  practise  of  some  custom  by  many. 
Use.     One  s  habitual  employment  of  anything. 
Vogue.     Popular  and  temporary  fashion. 
Way.     Habitual  method  of  life  or  action. 
Wont.     Custom. 

Habit — Associated  Nouns. 
Laudator  temporxs  actt  [L.]      One  who  praises  the  past. 
Old  school.     Persons  believing  in  the  manners  or  methods  of  the  past. 
Order  of  the  day.     Plan  of  a  day's  work  in  a  deliberative  body. 


)  Operation   or  usage   in   conformity  to  the 


Desuetude.     Cessation  of  a  practise. 

Disusage.     Gradual  cessation  of  use  or  custom. 

Disuse.     Cessation  of  use. 

Infraction  of  usage.     The  act  of  breaking  a  habit  or  practise. 

Inusitatlon.     Want  of  use. 

Newness  to.     The  quality  of  being  unfamiliar  with. 

Non-prevalence.     Want  of  prevalence. 

Want  of  habit.       \  State    of    being  without    a  regular    method    or 

Want  of  practise./     course  of  doing  or  acting. 

Desuetude — Associated  Words. 

A  custom  more  honored  in  the  breach  than  in  the  observance.   A  bad 

custom  which  one  opposes  by  not  observing.     [Hamlet,  I.iv.] 
New  brooms.     Figuratively,  a  person  who  does  his  work  well,  because 
he  has  just  been  appointed  to  his  position. 

Desuetude — Verb. 
Disuse.     Not  to  use. 

Desuetude — Verbal  Expressions. 
Be  unaccustomed;  break  off  a  custom;  break  off  a  habit;  break 
through  a  custom;  break  through  a  habit;  cast  off  a  custom;  cast 
off  a  habit;  leave  off  a  custom;  leave  off  a  habit;  infringe  a  cus- 
tom; infringe  a  habit;  violate  a  custom;  violate  a  habit;  wean 
oneself  of  a  custom;  wean  oneself  of  a  habit;  wear  off. 

Desuetude — Adjectives. 
Disused,  etc.     Not  used,  etc.     See  Use-Disuse. 
Green.etc.     Inexperienced, etc.     See  Skill-Unskilfulness. 
New.     Not  old. 

Non-observant.     Not  observant. 
Unaccustomed. 
Unhabituated. 
Unhackneyed. 
Uninured. 
Unseasoned. 
Untrained. 
Unused. 
Unusual. 
Unwonted. 


Not  accustomed,  etc.     See  Habit. 


HABIT — Associated  Nouns — Continued 

Pipe-clay.     A  white  clay  used  in  whitening  military  aceoutermentsf 

hence,  military  formality. 
Red-tape.     Official  formality. 
Red-tapism.     The  practise  of  red-tape. 
Standing  order.     A  regular  method  of  procedure. 
Veteris   vestigia   flammce    [L.J.       The   vestiges    of     an  old  flame; 

mark  of  an  old  habit 

Habit — Figurative  Nouns. 

Beaten  ground.  Ground  beaten  by  travel;  hence,  an  often  repeated 
course. 

Beaten  path.  A  path  made  by  much  walking;  hence,  frequent 
repetition  of  anything. 

Beaten  track.     See  Beaten  path. 

Groove,  A  furrow  or  channel  formed  by  steady  grinding,  etc.; 
hence,  the  habitual  course  of  life,  work,  or  affairs. 

Rut.  A  track  worn  by  a  wheel;  hence,  a  method  of  doing  estab- 
lished by  frequent  repetition. 

Habit — Verbs. 
Acclimatize.     To  become  accustomed  to  a  climate. 
Accustom.     To  make  familiar  by  use. 
Case-harden.     To  make  insensible  to  influences. 


HABIT. 


475 


HACKMAN. 


HABIT — Verbs — Continued 


Familiarize.     To  get  a  thorough  knowledge  of. 

Habituate.     To  make  accustomed  to. 

Harden.     To  accustom  to  endure. 

Inure.     To  train. 

Learn,  etc.     To  acquire  skill  in,  etc.     See  Education. 


Naturalize.     To  acclimate. 
Prevail.     To  be  in  general  use. 
Repeat,  etc     To  do  again,  etc. 
Season.     To  habituate. 
Train.     To  develop. 


See  Recurrence. 


Habit — Verbal  Expressions. 


Acquire  a  habit;  acquire  a  trick;  addict  oneself  to;  adhere  to; 
become  a  habit;  be  habitual  (see  Adjectives);  cling  to;  come  into 
use,  contract  a  habit;  contract  a  trick;  fall  into  a  custom  (see 
Conventionality),  fall  into  a  habit;  fall  into  a  trick;  follow  the 
beaten  path;   fjllow  the  beaten  track;  gain  upon  one;   get  into  the 


knack  of;  get  into  the  way  of;  go  around  like  a  horse  in  a  mill; 
go  on  in  the  old  jog-trot  way;  grow  upon  one;  keep  one's  hand  in; 
move  in  a  rut;  run  in  a  groove;  stare  super  antiquas  vias  [L.J,  to 
stand  upon  the  old  ways;  take  to;  take  root;  tread  tue  beaten 
path;  tread  the  beaten  track. 


Habit — A  objectives . 


Accredited.     Given  credit  for. 

Accustomary.     Customary 

Accustomed.      Used  to  a  state  or  action. 

Acknowledged.     Admitted  as  genuine. 

Admitted.     Accepted  as  true 

Besetting.      Constantly  troubling. 

Common      General 

Commonplace .     Ordinary 

Conformable.     Showing  external  agreement  with  anything. 

Conventional.     Agreeing  with  any  arbitrary  standard. 

Current      Generally  accepted 

Customary.      According  to  custom. 

Devoted      Strongly  attached  to. 

Established .     Made  stable  or  constant. 

Every-day.     Usual 

Familiar.     Well  known 

Fashionable.     According  to  some  arbitrary  and  temporary  way 

See  Society 
Fixed.     Established. 
Frequent.     Happening  often. 
General-     Found  widely  practised. 

Habitual.     Done  involuntarily  because  of  frequent  repetition. 
Habitat  [F  ]      Habitual. 
Hackneyed.     Worn  out. 
Household.     Commonly  known. 


Ingrafted.      Developed  by  training. 

Ingrained.     Firmly  set  by  instinct. 

Inveterate.     Addicted  to  a  certain  habit 

Jog-trot.     Commonplace. 

Naturalized.     Made  familiar  by  custom. 

Ordinary.     Not  exceptional. 

Permanent.     Enduring. 

Prescriptive.     Acquired  by  immemorial  u 

Prevailing.     Most  generally  found. 

Prevalent,     Widely  spread,  as  a  disease. 

Received.     Accepted 

Recognized.     Acquainted  with. 

Regular.     According  to  law  or  custom. 

Rooted.     Deep-seated. 

Seasoned.     Adapted. 

Set.     Fixed 

Stereotyped.     Distinctly  marked  off. 

Stock.     Continually  used. 

Trite.     Worn  out  from  frequent  use. 

Understood.     Established  by  belief. 

Usual.     Ordinary. 

Vernacular.     Native 

Wont.     Using  or  doing  habitually. 

Wonted .     Accustomed. 


Habit — Adjective  Expressions. 


According  to  custom;  according  to  routine;  according  to  use;  ad- 
dicted to;  at  home  in;  attuned  to;  deep-rooted;  devoted  to;  given 
to;    habituated  to;   imbued  with;   in   fashion;  in  the  habit  of;  in 


vogue;   of  course;   of  daily  occurrence;  ot  every-day  occurrences 
used  to;  wedded  to;  well  known;  well  trodden. 


Always,  etc.     Every  time      See  Uniformity. 
Generally.     In  most  but  not  all  cases.     See  Adjectives, 


Habit — Adverbs. 

Habitually.     From  force  of  habit.     See  Adjectives. 

Habit — Adverbial  Expressions. 


As  a  rule;   as  is  one's  wont;   as  the  sparks  fly  upward;   as  the  world 
goes,   as  things  go;  as  usual;   for  the  most  part,  more  sohto  [L.J, 


according  to  custom ;    more  sua    [L.J,  according  to  his  custon? 
most  frequently;  most  often. 


H  a  b  it — Phrases . 

Abeunt  studia  in  mores  [L  "}      One's  habitual  pursuits  pass  over  into  Ex  more  [L.J,     According  to  custom. 

character  Hoc  erat  in  more  majorum   [L.].      This  was  in  the  custom  of  the 

Adeo  in  tenerts  consuescere  tnultum  est  [L.].     So  important  is  it  to  fathers 

become  wonted  at  a  tender  age  Magna  est  vts  consuetudinis  (L.].     Great  is  the  power  of  habit. 
Celas'entend  [F  ]      That  is  understood. 


hab'-it-a-ble.  Fit  to  dwell  in.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

ha"-bi-tan'.  A  small  rural  proprietor.  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

hab'-i-tat.  The  natural  abode  of  a  plant  or  animal. 
Dweller-Habitation. 

hab"-i-ta'-tion.  A  place  of  abode.  Dweller-Habi- 
tation, Establishment-Removal. 

hab'-it-ed.     Clothed.     Dress-Undress. 

haV-it-ma'-ker.  One  who  makes  habits  or  dresses. 
Dress-Undress. 

ha-bit'-u-al.  Common;  customary.  Convention- 
ality-Unconventionality,  Frequency-Rarity, 
Habit-Desuetude,    Recurrence. 

ha-bit'-u-al-ly.     Customarily.     Habit-Desuetude. 

ha-bit'-u-ate .  To  render  familiar ;  accustom .  Edu- 
cation-Miste aching,  Habit-Desuetude. 


hab'-i-tude.  State  of  living  or  acting;  habit.  Habit- 
Desuetude. 

habitut  [F.]  (a-bi"-tu-e').  An  habitual  frequenter. 
Habit-Desuetude. 

hacienda  [Sp.]  (ath-i-en'-da) .  A  landed  estate;  a 
plantation  on  which  the  owner  resides.  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Property. 

hack.  To  cut  irregularly;  a  horse  kept  for  hire;  a  wri* 
ter  who  writes  anything  for  pay;  a  drudge.  Agent, 
Conveyer,  Length-Shortness,  Union-Disunion; 
literary  hack,  Missive-Publication, 

hack'-a-more.  A  kind  of  halter.  Release-Re- 
straint. 

hack'-but.  A  firearm  of  the  fifteenth  century.  Wea- 
pon. 

hack'-le.     To  tear  to  pieces.     Union-Disunion. 

hack'-man.     The  driver  of  a  hack.     Conveyer. 


HACKNEY-COACH. 


476 


HALTING. 


hack'-ney-coach".  A  coach  kept  for  hire.  Convey- 
ance-Vessel. 

hack'-neyed.  Trite;  well-known;  threadbare;  hab- 
itual Adage-Nonsense,  Habit-Desuetude, 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

hack'-ster.     A  ruffian.     Belligerent,  Brawler. 

Ha'-des.  The  abode  of  the  souls  of  the  dead.  Heav- 
en-Hell. 

hadji  [Ar.]  (hoj'-i).  A  Mohammedan  who  has  made 
the  pilgrimage  to  Mecca ;  a  title  of  respect.  Minis- 
try-Laity, Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

ha  tibi  erunt  artes  [L.]  (hi  ti'-bi  i'-runt  ar'-tiz). 
These  were  thy  methods.     Way. 

haret  lateri  lethalis  arundo  [L.]  (hi'-ret  lat'-er-ai 
leth-e'-lis  a-run'-do) .  The  deadly  arrow  sticks  in  his 
side.     Favorite-Anger,  Pleasure-Pain. 

haft.     A  handle.     Instrument. 

hag.  An  ugly  old  woman;  a  witch.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Benefactor-Evildoer,  Devotion-Magician. 

hag'-gard.  Worn  out;  wild;  ugly.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Excitation,  Saneness-Lunacy;  Weariness- 
Refreshment. 

hag'-gle.  To  cut  unskilfully;  dispute  about  price. 
Exchange,  Union-Disunion. 

Ha"-gi-og'-ra-pha.  The  books  of  the  Old  Testament 
not  reckoned  in  the  Law  or  Prophets.  Revelation- 
Pseudorevelation. 

Ha"-gi-og'-ra-phy.     Sacred  writings.     Theology. 

Ha"-gi-ol'-o-gy.  A  treatise  on  sacred  writings.  Rev- 
elation-Pseudorevelation,  Theology. 

hague'-but.     An  old  species  of  firearm.     Weapon. 

ha'-ha".  A  sunk  fence;  escarpment.  Antagonist- 
Assistance,  Interspace-Contact. 

haik  [Ar.]  (ha'-ik).  An  Oriental  outside  garment. 
Dress-Undress. 

hail.  A  familiar  greeting;  a  salutation;  frozen  rain. 
Address-Response,  Approval-Disapproval,  Ar- 
rival-Departure, Heat-Cold,  Jubilation-Lamen- 
tation, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Regard-Disre- 
spect, Reputation-Discredit,  Solemnization; 
hail,  all  hail,  Solemnization;  hail  fellow  well  met, 
Amity-Hostility,  Sociability- Privacy. 

hail'-stone".     A  pellet  of  hail.     Heat-Cold. 

hair.  One  of  the  filaments  on  the  skin  of  animals;  any- 
thing very  small ;  roughness  caused  by  hai  r.  Anato- 
my, Greatness-Smallness,  Lamina-Fiber,  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness; hair-breadth  escape,  Escape,  Se- 
curity-Insecurity; hair's  breadth,  Breadth-Nar- 
rowness, Remoteness-Nearness;  hairs  on  the 
head,  Multiplicity- Paucity;  hair-splitting,  Ratioc- 
ination-Instinct; make  one's  hair  stand  on  end, 
Astonishment  -  Expectance,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Sanguineness-Timidity;  to  a  hair, 
Truth-Error. 

hair'-less.     Deprived  of  hair.     Dress-Undress. 

hair'-y.  Covered  with  hair.   Smoothness-Roughness. 

hal'-berd.     A  weapon  in  the  form  of  a  battle-ax  and 

J)ike.     Weapon. 
"-ber-dier'.     One  armed  with  a  halberd.     Bellig- 
erent. 

hal'-cy-on.  Calm;  peaceful;  happy.  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Strife-Peace,  Turbulence- 
Calmness,  Welfare-Misfortune;  halcyon  days, 
Pleasure-Pain,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

hale.     Of  sound  health.     Health-Sickness. 

half.  One  of  the  two  equal  parts  of  a  whole.  Doub- 
ling-Halving ;  half  a  dozen,  Fi  ve-Quinquesection, 
Multiplicity- Paucity;  half  a  gale,  River-Wind; 
half  a  hundred,  Five-Quinquesection;  half-and- 
half,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Equality-Inequality, 
Mixture -Homogeneity;  half-and-half  measure, 
Midcourse-Circuit;  half-breed,  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality;  half-caste,  Conventionali- 
ty-Unconventionality,     Mixture-Homogeneity  ; 


half-distance,  Middle;  half-length,  Painting; 
half-light,  Luminary-Shade;  half-measure,  Deter- 
mination -  Vacillation,  Entirety  -  Deficiency, 
Quest-Evasion;  half-moon,  Curvature-Rectilin- 
earity;  half-price,  Costliness-Cheapness;  half- 
rations,  Excess-Lack;  half-scholar,  Scholar- 
Dunce;  half-seas-over,  Teetotalism-  Intemper- 
ance; half-sight,  Sight-Dimsightedness;  half- 
speed,  Turbulence-Calmness;  half  the  battle,  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Success-Failure;  half- 
truth,  Truthfulness-Fabrication  ;  see  with  half  an 
eye,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Enlightenment -Se- 
crecy, Sagacity-Incapacity. 

half-blind".  Not  entirely  blind.  Sight-Dimsighted- 
ness. 

half-blood".  A  half-breed;  of  mixed  blood.  Con- 
vention ality-Unconventionality,  Mixture-Ho- 
mogeneity, Faultlessness-Faultiness. 

half-froz"-en.     Not  quite  frozen.     Viscidity-Foam. 

half -heart"-ed .  Wanting  in  affection ;  unkind;  indif- 
ferent. Determination-Vacillation,  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy, Unconcern. 

half -learned".  Imperfectly  learned.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance. 

half -melt'  '-ed.     Partly  melted.     Viscidity-Foam. 

half-pen"-ny.  An  English  coin  of  small  value.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance. 

half -starved".  Nearly  starved.  Excess-Lack,  Fast- 
ing-Gluttony. 

half-way."  In  the  middle;  partially.  Environ- 
ment-Interposition, Magnitude-Smallness,  Mid- 
dle; go  half-way,  Determination-Vacillation, 
Midcourse-Circuit;  half-way  house,  Precedence- 
Succession;  meet  half-way,  Composition,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation, Readiness-Reluctance. 

half-wit.     A  person  of  weak  mind.     Sage-Fool. 

half -wif '-ted.  Feeble-minded.  Sagacity-Incapacity, 
Sage-Fool. 

hall.  A  large  room  for  public  use;  the  part  of  a  house 
first  entered.  Contents-Receiver,  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Market;  hall-mark,  Sign  ;  hall  of  audi- 
ence, Conversation-Monologue  ;  music-hall,  Act- 
ing. 

hal"-le-lu'-iah.  Praise  be  to  God.  Devotion-Idola- 
try. 

hal-loa'.  An  exclamation  to  attract  the  attention. 
Cry-Ululation. 

hal-loo'.  To  call  loudly ;  shout;  an  interjection  calling 
the  attention.  Address-Response,  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Cry-Ululation,  Heed-Disregard. 

hal'-low.  To  make  holy;  reverence.  Regard-Disre- 
spect, Solemnization. 

hal'-lowed.     Made  holy.     Divinity. 

Hal"-low-e'en'.  The  evening  before  All  Saints'  Day. 
Periodicity-Irregularity. 

hal-lu"-ci-na'-tion.  A  delusion;  a  kind  of  insanity. 
Saneness-Lunacy,  Truth-Error. 

ha'-lo.  A  luminous  circle;  a  nimbus;  ideal  brightness. 
Light-Darkness,  Reputation-Discredit. 

ha'-lo-man"-cy.     Divination  with  salt.     Prophecy. 

hal'-ser.     A  large  and  heavy  rope.     Connective. 

halt.  To  walk  lamely;  be  in  doubt;  stop;  be  imper- 
fect. Discontinuance -Continuance,  Health- 
Sickness,  Movement-Rest,  Strength-Weakness, 
Success -Failure,  Swiftness -Slowness;  Toil- 
Relaxation;  at  the  halt,  Movement-Rest. 

hal'-ter.  A  rope  to  restrain ;  a  hangman's  rope.  Con- 
nective, Recompense-Scourge,  Release-Prison; 
wear  a  halter,  Reputation-Discredit;  with  a  halter 
round  one's  neck,  Security-Insecurity. 

halt'-ing.  Stopping.  Health -Sickness,  Purity- 
Crudeness,  Reputation -Discredit;  halting 
ground,  Arrival-Departure;  halting  place,  Arriv- 
al-Departure. 


HALVE. 


477 


HANG. 


halve.  To  divide  into  two  equal  portions.  Doubling- 
Halving. 

halves.  The  plural  of  half.  Do  by  halves,  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness, COMPLETION-NONCOMPLETION, 
Skill-Unskilfulness,  Success-Failure;  go  halves, 
Participation  ;  not  do  by  halves,  Completion-Non- 
completion. 

halv'-ing.  The  act  of  dividing  into  two  equal  parts. 
Doubling-Halving. 

ham.     A  house;  home.     Dweller-Habitation. 

ham'-a-dry"-ad.     A  fabled  wood-nymph.   Jove-Fiend. 

Ha-mit'-ic.  Pertaining  to  descendants  of  Ham.  Eth- 
nology. 

ham'-let.  A  small  village.  City-Country,  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

ham'-mer.  To  work  constantly ;  to  beat;  to  talk  con- 
tinually. Impetus-Reaction,  Instrument,  Recur- 
rence, Talkativeness-Taciturnity;  between  the 
hammer  and  anvil,  Refuge-Pitfall;  hammer  at, 
Reflection-Vacancy,  Toil-Relaxation;  hammer 
out,  Completion -Noncompletion,  Form -Form- 
lessness, Preparation- Nonpreparation;  under 
the  hammer,  Buying-Sale. 

ham'-mer-beam"  roof.  A  roof  without  a  tie-beam  at 
the  top  of  the  wall.     Architecture. 

ham'-mer-ing.  The  act  of  striking  with  a  hammer. 
Toil-Relaxation. 

ham'-mock.  A  swinging  couch  hung  by  the  ends. 
Suspension-Support. 

ham'-per.  A  fetter;  a  basket  of  wickerwork.  Con- 
tents-Receiver, Obstruction-Help. 

ham'-string".  To  cut  the  hamstring  so  as  to  cripple. 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Might-Impotence. 

han'-a-per.  A  basket  made  of  wickerwork.  Treas- 
ury. 

hance.     Haunch  of  an  arch.     Architecture. 

hand.  To  transmit;  assist;  the  organ  of  apprehension; 
dexterity;  a  person;  a  form  of  penmanship;  a  measure, 
the  width  of  the  hand;  control;  one  who  toils  with  the 
hands;  agent;  side.  Agent,  Alienation,  Anatomy, 
Humanity,  Instrumentality,  Keeping -Relin- 
quishment, Laterality-Contraposition,  Length- 
Shortness,  Sign,  Touch,  Transference,  Writing- 
Printing;  at  hand,  Future-Past,  Occurrence- 
Destiny,  Remoteness -Nearness,  Usefulness- 
Uselessness;  bad  hand,  Writing-Printing;  bird  in 
hand,  Keeping-Relinquishment;  come  to  hand, 
Arrival-Departure,  Giving-Receiving;  fold  one's 
hands,  Action-Passiveness;  give  one's  hand  to, 
Matrimony-Celibacy;  good  hand,  Adept-Bungler, 
Skill-Unskilfulness,  Writing-Printing;  hand 
and  glove,  Amity-Hostility;  hand  down,  Aliena- 
tion, Mark-Obliteration;  hand  gallop,  Swiftness- 
Slowness;  hand  in  hand,  Amity-Hostility,  An- 
tagonism-Concurrence, Association,  Solitude- 
Company,  Union-Disunion;  hand  of  death,  Life- 
Death;  hand  over,  Alienation,  Giving-Receiving; 
hand  over  head,  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Heed- 
Disregard,  Recklessness-Caution;  hands  off,  Ac- 
tion-Passiveness, Leave-Prohibition,  Quest-Eva- 
sion, Reprisal-Resistance;  hand  to  hand,  Inter- 
space-Contact; have  a  hand  in,  Action-Passive- 
ness, Activity-Indolence,  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Cause-Effect,  Participation;  have  one's 
hand  in,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  have  one's  hands 
full,  Activity-Indolence,  Occupation;  helping 
hand,  Antagonist-Assistant,  Obstruction-Help; 
hold  in  hand,  Rule-License;  hold  out  the  hand, 
Politeness-Impoliteness  ;  hold  up  the  hand,  Choice- 
Neutrality;  in  hand,  Completion-Noncompletion, 
Entirety  -  Deficiency,  Holding  -  Exemption, 

Money,  Occupation,  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion;  in  the  hands  of,  Liberty-Subjection,  Rule- 
License;  keep  one's  hand  in,  Habit-Desuetude;  lay 


hands  on,  Ceremonial,  Discovery,  Taking-Resti- 
tution, Use-Disuse;  live  from  hand  to  mouth,  Af- 
fluence-Penury, Excess-Lack,  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation;  much  on  one's  hands,  Activity- 
Indolence;  no  hands  in,  Quest-Evasion;  old  hand, 
Adept-Bungler;  on  one's  hands,  Buying-Sale, 
Completion-Noncompletion,  Excess-Lack,  Hold- 
ing-Exemption, Occupation;  poor  hand,  Adept- 
Bungler;  put  into  one's  hands,  Giving-Receiving; 
?ut  one's  hands  to,  Enterprise;  ready  to  one's  hand, 
'reparation-Nonpreparation  ;  shake  hands,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation, Pardon-Vindictiveness;  stretch 
forth  one's  hand,  Action-Passiveness;  take  by  the 
hand,  Obstruction-Help;  take  in  hand,  Education- 
Misteaching,  Enterprise;  time  hanging  on  one's 
hands,  Action-Inaction,  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Hurry-Leisure;  try  one's  hand,  Venture; 
turn  one's  hand  to,  Occupation;  under  one's  hand, 
Writing-Printing;  with  one's  hands  in  the  pockets, 
Action-Passiveness. 

hand'-bar"-row.     A   stretcher.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

hand'-bill".  An  advertising  sheet  circulated  by  hand. 
Gathering-Scattering. 

hand'-book".  A  small  guide-book  or  manual.  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy, Missive-Publication,  Travel- 
ing-Navigation. 

hand'-breadth".  A  space  equal  to  the  breadth  of  the 
palm.     Length-Shortness. 

hand'-cuff".  A  manacle  for  the  hands.  Release- 
Prison,  Release-Restraint. 

hand'-fast".  Topledge; betroth.  Matrimony-Celibacy. 

hand'-ful.  A  small  quantity.  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Multiplicity-Paucity,  Quantity-Measure. 

hand'-i-cap.  To  impose  impediments  to  offset  advan- 
tages.    Strife-Peace. 

hand'-i-craft".  A  mechanical  or  manual  trade.  Action- 
Passiveness,  Occupation. 

hand'-i-crafts"-man.  An  artisan.  Agent,  Labor- 
Capital. 

hand'-i-work".  Work  done  by  the  hands.  Agent, 
Cause-Effect. 

hand'-ker-chief.  A  neckerchief;  a  kerchief  for  wiping 
the  face  or  nose.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Dress- 
Undress. 

han'-dle.  To  touch;  treat  upon;  manipulate;  that  part 
of  an  instrument  intended  to  be  grasped  by  the  hand. 
Essay,  Management,  Means,  Pretext,  Touch, 
Use-Disuse;  furnish  a  handle,  Justification- 
Charge,  Pretext;  handle  a  case,  Conduct;  handle 
to  one's  name,  Name-Misnomer,  Title;  make  a 
handle  of,  Pretext,  Use-Disuse. 

hand'-maid".  A  female  servant.  Antagonist-As- 
sistant, Chief-Underling,  Instrumentality. 

hand'-or"-gan.  A  musical  instrument  worked  by  a 
hand-crank.     Musical  Instruments. 

hand'-post".     A  guide-post.     Sign. 

hand'-sel.  A  gift  to  secure  good  luck;  earnest  money 
on  a  contract;  the  first  money  received  in  a  new  shop. 
Beginning-End,  Giving-Receiving,  Outlay-In- 
come, Security. 

hand'-some.  Liberal  in  size;  beautiful;  suitable  in 
action.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Generosity-Frugal- 
ity, Unselfishness-Selfishness;  handsome  for- 
tune, Affluence-Penury. 

hand'-spike".  A  lever  used  to  lift  heavy  weights. 
Instrument. 

hand'-staff".     A  javelin.     Weapon. 

hand'-wri"-ting.  The  form  of  writing  peculiar  to  a 
person.  Sign,  Writing-Printing;  handwriting  on 
the  wall,  Warning. 

hand'-y.    Skilful;  convenient;  near  by.     Preparation- 

NONPREPARATION,     ReMOTENESS-NeARNESS,     SKILL- 

Unskilfulness,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 
hang.     To  be  suspended  and  have  a  free  motion;  kill; 


HANG. 


478 


HARDENED. 


execute  on  the  gallows;  a  curse.  Charitableness- 
Curse,  Connective,  Life-Killing,  Recompense- 
Punition,  Suspension-Support;  hang  about,  Re- 
moteness-Nearness; hang  back,  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Quest-Evasion  ;  hang  by  a  thread,  Security- 
Insecurity;  hang  down  the  head,LiGHTHE  artedness- 
Dejection;  hang  fire,  Activity-Indolence,  Com- 
pletion -  Noncompletion,  Discontinuance  -  Con- 
tinuance, Earliness-Lateness,  Fertility-Ster- 
ility, Proffer-Refusal,  Readiness-Reluctance, 
Success-Failure,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Vigor- 
Inertia;  hang  in  doubt,  Faith-Misgiving;  hang  in 
suspense,  Determination-Vacillation,  Faith-Mis- 
giving; hang  it,  Contentedness-Discontentment, 
Regard-Scorn;  hang  on,  Solitude-Company;  hang 
on  hand,  Excess-Lack;  hang  on  the  sleeve  of,  Adula- 
tion-Disparagement, Chief-Underling,  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness; hang  out,  Pomp,  Socia- 
bility-Privacy; hang  out  a  fight,  Light-Darkness; 
hang  out  a  signal,  Sign;  hang  over,  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Height-Lowness,  Occurrence-Destiny; 
hang  together,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Cohe- 
sion-Looseness, Cooperation-Opposition,  Union- 
Disunion;  hang  upon,  Cause-Effect,  Liberty-Sub- 
jection; hang  upon  the  lips  of,  Hearing-Deafness. 
hang'-dog"  look.     A  skulking  appearance.     Favorite- 

MoROSENESS. 

hanged  if,  I'll  be.     I  will  not.     Assent-Dissent. 

hang'-er.  A  short  cut-and-thrust  sword.  Weapon; 
hanger-on,  Chief-Underling,  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness, Solitude-Company,  pothooks  and  hang- 
ers,WRiTiNG- Printing. 

hang'-ing.  Killing  by  strangling;  drapery  for  a  room. 
Charitableness  -  Curse,  Embellishment  -  Disfig- 
urement,    EXCULPATION-PUNITION,     HEIGHT-LoW- 

ness,  Life-Killing,  Recompense-Punition,  Sus- 
pension-Support; hanging  look,  Beauty -Ugli- 
ness. 

hang'-man.  A  public  executioner;  a  term  of  reproach. 
Benefactor-Evildoer,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Rec- 
ompense-Scourge. 

hang'-nail".     An  agnail.     Suspension-Support. 

hank.     A  rope,  coil,  or  tie.     Connective. 

hank'-er.  To  have  an  incessant  appetite  for.  Desire- 
Distaste. 

hank'-er-ing.     A  craving  for.     Desire-Distaste. 

Hanmbalem,  expende  [L.]  (han-nib'-a-lem,  ex-pen'-di). 
Weigh  Hannibal.     Consequence-Insignificance. 

han'-sard.  A  printed  record  of  the  proceedings  of  the 
British  Parliament.     Mark. 

han'-som.  A  low,  two-wheeled,  one-horse  cab.  Con- 
veyance-Vessel. 

hap.     Chance;  luck.     Rationale-Luck. 

hap'-haz"-ard.  Mere    chance.  Purpose-Luck, 

Rationale-Luck. 

hap'-less.     Having  no  luck.     Welfare-Misfortune. 

hap'-ly.  By  chance;  perhaps.  Possibility-Impossi- 
bility. 

hap'-pen.  To  come  to  pass.  Occurrence-Destiny; 
happen  as  it  may,  Purpose-Luck;  happen  what  may, 
Ratiocination-Instinct,  Recklessness-Caution. 

hap'-pen-ing.     An  occurrence.    Occurrence-Destiny. 

hap'-pi-ly.     Fortunately.     Pleasure-Pain. 

hap'-pi-ness.  Good  fortune;  blessedness;  unstudied 
grace.  Lightheartedness-Dejection,    Oppor- 

tuneness -  Unsuitableness,  Pleasure  -  Pain, 

Purity-Crudeness;  the  greatest  happiness  of  the 
greatest  number,  Humanitarianism-Misanthropy. 

hap'-py.  Joyous;  blessed;  dexterous;  opportune. 
Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Opportuneness- 
Unsuitableness,  Pleasure-Pain,  Purity-Crude- 
ness; happy  despatch,  Recompense-Punition; 
happy  go  lucky,  Preparation-Nonpreparation; 
happy   returns    of   the   day,    Felicitation;     happy 


thought,      Wittiness-Dulness;       happy      valley  r 
Fancy,  Pleasure-Pain. 

ha'-ra-ki'-ri.  A  Japanese  method  of  committing  suicide- 
by  ripping  open  the  bowels.  Exculpation-Punition. 

ha-rangue'.     An  oration.     Speech-Inarticulateness. 

har'-ass.  To  vex;  annoy;  tire  out.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence, Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness,  Weariness-Refreshment. 

har'-ass-ing.  Worriment.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness. 

har'-bin-ger.  An  omen ;  a  courier  who  rides  in  advance 
to  make  arrangements.  Portent,  Predecessor- 
Continuation. 

har'-bor.  To  give  protection;  a  haven;  a  place  of 
refuge.  Arrival-Departure,  Dweller-Habita- 
tion, Emotion,  Refuge-Pitfall;  harbor  a  design, 
Purpose-Luck;  harbor  an  idea,  Reflection- 
Vacancy  ;  harbor  revenge,  Pardon- Vindictiveness  \. 
natural  harbor,  Gulf-Plain. 

har'-bor-less.  Without  a  harbor.  Security-Inse- 
curity. 

hard.     Unyielding;  unsparing;  coarse;  wicked;  vigor- 
ous;    sound;     offensive.  Difficulty-Facility,. 
Hardness-Softness,  Harshness-Mildness,  Pleas- 
urableness-Pain,  Repentance-Obduracy,  Sensi- 
bility -  Insensibility,         Sensitiveness  -  Apathy* 
Strength-Weakness,    Sweetness-Acidity;     blow 
hard,  River-Wind;    go  hard,  Difficulty-Facility, 
Pleasure-Pain,   Success-Failure,  Welfare-Mis- 
fortune;  hard  at  it,  Activity-Indolence;   hard  at 
work,  Activity-Indolence;   hard  bargain,  Extrav- 
agance-Avarice; hartl  by,  Remoteness-Nearness; 
hard     case,     Welfare-Misfortune;      hard     cash, 
Money;  hard  drinker,  Teetotalism-Intemperance; 
hard  earned,  Proffer-Refusal;  hard  fortune,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune;  hard  fought,  Difficulty-Facil- 
ity;   hard  frost,  Heat-Cold;    hard  hap,  Welfare- 
Misfortune;    hard  heart,  Repentance-Obduracy;. 
hard  knocks,  Strife-Peace;    hard  life,  Welfare- 
Misfortune;     hard    lines,    Harshness-Mildness, 
Welfare-Misfortune;     hard   liver,    Moderation- 
Voluptuary;      hard    lot,     Welfare-Misfortune; 
hard  luck,  Commission-Abrogation;    hard  master,. 
Rule-License;  hard  measure,  Rule-License;  hard 
names,    Approval-Disapproval;     hard    necessity, 
Volition-Obligation;    hard  nut  to  crack,   Diffi- 
culty-Facility;   hard   of  belief,   Credulousness- 
Skepticism;  hard  of  hearing,  Cry-Ululation;  hard 
pressed,  Difficulty-Facility,  Hurry-Leisure,  Ob- 
struction-Help; hard  put  to  it,  Difficulty-Facil- 
ity;   hard  time,  Difficulty-Facility;    hard  to  be- 
lieve, Faith-Misgiving  ;  hard  to  please,  Desire-Par- 
ticularness;   hard  up,  Affluence-Penury,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility;     hard     upon,     Approval-Disap- 
proval; hard  water,  Chemistry;  hard  winter,  Heat- 
Cold;   hard  words,  Approval-Disapproval,  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity,  Politeness-Impoliteness;    hard 
work,  Difficulty-Facility,  Toil-Relaxation;   hit 
hard,    Impetus-Reaction;     look    hard    at,    Sight- 
Blindness;   not  to  be  too  hard  upon,  Pardon-Vin- 
dictiveness;       strike     hard,      Impetus-Reaction, 
Vigor-Inertia  ;  try  hard,  Toil-Relaxation. 
hard'-en.     To  make  unyielding,  hard,  wicked,  coarse,, 
sound,  offensive,  unsparing.     Difficulty-Facility, 
Hardness-Softness,  Harshness-Mildness,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness,  Repentance-Obduracy, 
Sensibility-Insensibility,  Sensitiveness-Apathy, 
Strength-Weakness,  Sweetness-Acidity;   harden 
the  heart,  Amity-Hostility,   Repentance -Obdu- 
racy, Sensitiveness-Apathy. 
hard'-ened.     Confirmed  in  error  or  vice.     Feeling-In- 
sensibility,   Godliness-Ungodliness,    Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy;   hardened  front,  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness. 


HARDENING. 


479 


HARDNESS— SOFTNESS. 


hard'-en-ing.  The  state  of  being  made  indifferent  or 
insensible.  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Habit-Des- 
uetude. 

hard'-fa"-vored.  Having  coarse  features.  Propriety. 
Impropriety. 

hard'-feat"-ured.  Having  coarse  features.  Beauty- 
Ugliness. 

hard'-fist"-ed.     Covetous.     Extravagance-Avarice. 

hard'-head"-ed.  Obstinate;  stubborn.  Sagacity-In- 
capacity. 

hard'-heart"-ed.  Unfeeling.  Charitableness- 

Malevolence. 

har'-di-hood.     Persistent  courage;  presumptuous  bold- 


ness.       Bravery-Cowardice,  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness. 

hard'-ly.  Almost  not;  scarcely;  harshly.  Diffi- 
culty-Facility, Frequency-Rarity,  Magnitude- 
Smallness;  deal  hardly  with,  Harshness-Mild- 
ness; hardly  any,  Multiplicity-Paucity;  hardly 
anything,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness;  hardly  ever,  Frequency-Rarity. 

hard'-mouthed".      Not  easily  controlled.       Bigotry 
Apostasy.  i 

hard'-ness.  The  state  of  being  hard.  Hardness-.. 
Softness;  hardness  of  heart,  Repentance-Obdu»' 
racy,  Virtue-Vice, 


HARDNESS— SOFTNESS. 


Callosity.     A  hardening  of  the  skin  as  a  result  of  continued  pressure. 
Crystallization.     The  process  by  which  a  substance  in  solidifying 

assumes  the  form  and  structure  of  a  crystal. 
Durity.     Hardness. 

Hardness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  hard,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Induration.     The  process  of  growing  hard. 
Inflexibility.     The  state  of  being  rigid. 
Lapidescence.     A  changing  into  stone. 
Lapidification.     The  state  of  turning  into  stone. 
Ossification.     The  state  of  turning  into  bone. 
Petrifaction.     The  process  of  changing  into  stone. 
Renitence.     The  quality  of  being  able  to  resist  pressure. 
Rigidity.     The  quality  of  being  stiff  or  unyielding. 
Temper.     The  state  of  a  substance,  especially  as  to  its  hardness, 

produced  by  some  process  of  heating  or  cooling. 
Vitrification.     The  process  of  turning  into  glass. 

Hardness — Concrete  Nouns. 

Adamant.  A  stone  supposed  by  some  to  be  of  impenetrable  hard- 
ness. 

Block.     A  solid  mass  of  wood,  stone,  etc. 

Board.  A  piece  of  timber,  long  and  broad  as  compared  with  its 
thickness. 

Bone.  The  hard,  calcified  tissue  of  the  skeleton  of  vertebrate 
animals. 

Brick.  A  block  of  clay  tempered  with  water,  sand,  etc.,  and  sun- 
dried,  or  burnt  in  a  kiln. 

Cartilage.     A  translucent,  elastic  tissue  of  the  body. 

Cast  iron.     Highly  carbonized  iron,  brittle  and  very  hard. 

Cement.  A  mixture  of  clay  and  lime,  for  making  mortar  which  will 
harden  under  water. 

Concrete.     A  mixture  of  broken  stone  with  cement. 

Crag.     A  compacted  bed  of  gravel  mixed  with  shells. 

Crystal.     The  material  of  quartz. 

Deal  board.     A  board  or  plank. 

Flint.     An  impure  variety  of  quartz. 

Fossil.     The  remains  of  an  animal  or  plant  found  in  stratified  rocks. 

Granite.     A  very  hard  rock  consisting  of  quartz,  felspar,  and  mica. 

Hardware.     Ware  made  of  metal. 

Heart  of  oak.     Firmness  of  spirit. 

Iron.     The  most  common  metallic  element. 

Marble.     A  massive  compact  limestone. 

Nail.     A  piece  of  metal  used  for  fastening  pieces  of  wood  together. 

Pebble.     A  small  roundish  stone. 

Quartz.     A  form  of  silica,  very  hard  and  brittle. 

Rock.     A  large  concrete  mass  of  stony  material. 

Steel.     A  variety  of  iron  between  wrought  iron  and  cast  iron. 

Stone.     Concreted  earthy  or  mineral  matter. 

Wrought  iron.    The  purest  form  of  iron,  containing  very  little  carbon 

Hardness — Verbs. 
Accrust.     To  make  hard  into  a  crust. 
Harden.     To  make  or  render  hard. 
Indurate.     To  harden. 
Ossify.     To  turn  into  bone. 
Petrify,     To  turn  into  stone. 

Render  hard,  etc.     To  make  hard,  etc.     See  Adjectives, 
Stiffen.     To  make  rigid. 
Temper.     To  make  hard. 
Vitrify.     To  turn  into  glass. 

Hardness — Adjectives. 
Adamantean.     Hard  as  adamant. 
Adamantine.     Adamantean. 
Bony.     Like  bone;  consisting  of  bone. 
Cartilaginous.     Consisting  of  cartilage 


Ductility.     The  property  of  a  metal  which  allows  it  to  be  drawn  into 

wires. 
Emollescence.     Process  of  becoming  soft. 
ExtendibilHy.     A   condition   of   softness   possessing   the   power  of 

extension. 
Extensibility.     Extendibility. 
Flaccidity.     The  state  of  lacking  firmness. 
Flexibility.     The  power  of  being  bent  without  breaking. 
Inelasticity.     The  inability  of  a  body  to  return  to  its  original  form. 
Laxity.     Want  of  strictness  or  exactness. 
Malleability.     Capacity  to  be  hammered  without  breaking. 
Mollification.     A  softening. 
Plasticity.     The  property  of  being  molded. 
Pliability.     Pliableness. 

Pliableness,  etc.     Flexibility,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Pliancy.     The  state  of  being  flexible. 
Sequacity.     The  state  of  being  ductile. 
Softness.     The  state  of  being  yielding;  not  hard. 
Tractility.     The  capacity  of  being  drawn  out. 

Softness — Concrete  Nouns. 

Butter.  The  oily,  unctuous  substance  obtained  from  cream  or  milk 
by  churning. 

Clay.     Soft  earth. 

Cushion.     A  case  or  bag  stuffed  with  feathers  or  some  soft  substance. 

Dough.     A  soft  mass  of  moistened  flour  or  meal,  not  yet  baked. 

Down.     The  soft  under-fea thers  of  birds. 

Feather-bed.     A  bed  filled  with  feathers. 

Padding.  The  material  with  which  anything  is  filled  to  render  it  soft 
and  bulky. 

Pillow.  A  bag  or  case  filled  with  feathers,  etc.,  used  for  a  head- 
rest. 

Pudding.     A  species  of  food  of  a  soft  consistence. 

Wadding.     Any  soft  substance  of  which  wads  may  be  made. 

Wax.     A  soft,  fatty  substance  produced  by  bees. 

Softness — Verbs. 

Bend.     To  turn  from  a  straight  line. 

Give.     To  yield  on  account  of  pressure. 

Knead.     To  work  by  repeated  pressure  with  the  knuckles. 

Mash.     To  reduce  to  a  soft  state  by  bruising. 

Mellow.     To  make  soft;  friable. 

Mollify.     To  render  soft. 

Relax.     To  loosen ;  ease. 

Relent.     To  yield;  grow  soft. 

Render  soft,  etc.     To  make  soft  or  yielding.     See  Adjectives. 

Soften.     To  make  yielding. 

Squash.     To  mash;  beat  into  a  pulp. 

Temper.     To  soften;  mollify. 

Yield.    To  give  to  pressure. 

Softness — A  djectives . 

Argillaceous.     Clayey;  of  the  nature  of  clay. 

Doughy.     Like  dough. 

Downy.     Like  down. 

Ductile.     Capable  of  being  drawn  out. 

Edematous.     Like  the  puffiness  of  the  skin  arising  from  dropsy. 

Extensile.     Capable  of  being  extended. 

Flabby.     Lacking  firmness. 

Flaccid.     Flabby. 

Flexible.     Capable  of  being  bent. 

Flexile.     Flexible. 

Flimsy.     Of  thin  texture. 


HARDNESS— SOFTNESS. 


480 


HARMONY— DISCORD. 


HARDNESS— SOFTNESS— Continued. 


*,  |  Hardened 


HARDNESS— Adjectives— Continued. 
Concrete.     Forming  a  hard  mass. 
Corneous.     Horny ;'  hard , 
Firm.     Solid;  unyielding. 
Granitic.     Composed  of  granite. 
Gritty.     Consisting  of  grains  or  grit. 
Hard.     Solid;  inflexible. 

Hard  as  stone.     Denoting  a  degree  of  hardness. 
Horny.     Like  horn. 
Indurate. 
Indurated. 
Inflexible,      Not  capable  of  being  bent. 
Osseous.     Bony;  like  bone. 
Ossific.     Forming  bone. 

Proof.     Impenetrable;  able  to  resist  pressure. 
Rigid.     Stiff;  unbending. 

Starch.     Stiff.  ' 

Starched,  etc.     Stiff  with  starch.     See  Verbs. 

Stark.     Inflexible;  stiff;  rigid.  * 

Stiff.     Not  easily  bent. 

Stiff  as  buckram,  j  D  of  hardness  or  stiffnes5. 

bun  as  a  poker.    J 
Stony.     Hard;  like  a  stone. 
Stubborn.     Intractable;  unyielding. 
Tense.     Drawn1,  stretched;  rigid. 
Unbending.     Not  deflected. 
Unlimber.     Not  pliant ;  stiff. 
Unyielding.     Unpliant. 
Vitreous.     Like  glass  in  hardness. 

hard'-ship.     Adversity.     Welfare-Misfortune. 

hard'-vis"-aged.     Hard-featured.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

hard'-ware".  Ware  made  from  hard  metals.  Hard- 
ness-Softness. 

har'-dy.  Bold;  strong;  robust.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Health-Sickness,  Strength- Weakness. 

hare.  A  long-eared  rodent  of  genus  Lepus.  Swift- 
ness-Slowness; hold  with  the  hare  and  run  with  the 
hounds,  Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Volition- 
Obligation. 

hare'-brained".  Foolish;  giddy.  Heed-Disregard, 
Recklessness-Caution. 

hare'-lip".  A  lip  having  a  hare-like  division.  Propor- 
tion-Deformity. 

ha'-rem.  The  collection  of  wives  and  concubines  of 
one  man.     Purity-Impurity. 

har"-i-o-la'-tion.     Soothsaying.     Prophecy. 

hark.  To  listen;  hear.  Hearing-Deafness,  Heed- 
Disregard;  hark  back,  Advance-Retrogression; 
hark  ye,  Heed-Disregard. 

hark'-en.    To  hear  by  listening.    Hearing-Deafness 

har'-le-quin.  One  who  plays  tricks;  a  character  in 
pantomime.  Acting,  Mutability-Stability,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness, Variegation,  Wag. 

har"-le-quin-ade'.     Pantomime.     Acting,  Wittiness- 

DULNESS. 

har'-lot.    A  prostitute.     Purity-Rake. 

har'-lot-ry.    Habitual  lewdness.    Purity-Impurity. 

harm.  Injury;  evil;  loss.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Charitableness-Malevolence,  Good-Evil, 
Goodness-Badness.     ' 

har-mat'-tan.  A  hot,  dry  wind  on  the  west  coast  of 
Africa.     River-Wind. 


SOFTNESS — Adjectives— Continued 
Flocculent.     Like  flakes;  woolly. 
Inelastic.     Not  elastic. 
Limber.     Limp;  without  stiffness. 

Limbered,  etc.     In  a  condition  of  limberness,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Limp.     Limber. 
Lissom.     Limber;  flexible. 
Lithe.     Supple;  bending  easily. 
Lithesome.     Somewhat  lithe. 

Malleable.     Capable  of  being  rolled  or  hammered  into  a  thin  plate 
Medullary.     Pertaining  to  the  marrow. 
Mellow.     Soft;  friable. 
Plastic.     Capable  of  being  molded. 
Pliable.     Capable  of  being  bent. 
Pliant.     Pliable. 
Remollient.     Softening. 
Sequacious.     Ductile;  pliable. 
Soft.     Not  hard;  impressible. 
Soft  as  butter.  \ 
Soft  as  down.  V  Very  soft. 
Soft  as  silk.     J 

Spongy.     Of  sponge-like  consistency. 
Supple.     Flexible;  easily  bent. 
Tender.     Soft,  not  tough,  delicate. 

Tender  as  a  chicken.     Having  softness  or  gentleness  of  spirit. 
Tractable.     Not  showing  a  refractory  spirit. 
Tractile.     Ductile. 
Yielding.     Pliable;  bending. 
Yielding  as  wax.     As  soft  as  wax. 

harm'-ful.  Detrimental.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness. 

harm'-less.  Not  harmful;  without  hurt  or  loss. 
Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Goodness-Badness, 
Healthiness-Unhealthiness,  Innocence-Guivt, 
Mig-ht-Impotence,  Security-Insecurity,  Melody- 
Dissonance;  bear  harmless,  Attack-Defense. 

har-mon'-i-ca.  A  musical  instrument.  Musical  In- 
struments. 

har-mon'-i-cal . 
Number. 

har-mon'-i-con. 
struments. 

har-mon'-ics.    The  science  of  musical  sounds. 
Dissonance. 

har-mo'-ni-ous.  Concordant  in  sound;  free  from  dis- 
cord.; having  parts  proportioned.  Amity-Hostility, 
Beauty-Ugliness,  Color-Achromatism,  Harmony- 
Discord,  Music,  Variance-Accord. 

har-mo'-ni-ous-ly.  In  an  harmonious  manner.  Mel- 
ody-Dissonance. 

har-mon'-i-phone.  A  reed  instrument.  Musical  In- 
struments. 

har'-mc-nist.  A  master  of  musical  harmony.  Melody- 
Dissonance. 

har-mo'-ni-um.  A  reed-organ.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

har'-mo-nize.  To  agree.  Harmony-Discord,  Melody- 
Dissonance. 

har'-mo-ny.  A  fit  adaptation  of  parts;  the  science 
which  treats  of  chords;  concord;  friendship.  Amity- 
Hostility,  Harmony -Discord,  Melody -Disso- 
nance, Strife-Peace,  Variance-Accord. 


Harmonious.    Harmonical  progression, 

A  musical  instrument.     Musical  In- 

Melody- 


HARMONY— DISCORD. 


Accommodation.  The  act  of  adjusting  or  obliging;  compromise; 
adaptation. 

Accord.     The  making  to  agree;  harmony. 

Accordance.     Agreement  of  sentiments  or  actions. 

Adaptation.     The  act  of  making  fit ;  fitness. 

Adjustment.     Arrangement  of  parts  to  a  systematic  whole. 

Admissibility.  The  quality  of  being  entitled  to  be  allowed  or  con- 
ceded. 

Agreement.     Harmony  of  sentiments,  action,  or  character. 

Applicability.     The  quality  of  being  fit  to  be  applied. 

Apposition.     The  putting  of  things  side  by  side. 


Concordia  discors  [L.].      Discordant  harmony.      [Horace,  Epistles, 

I,    12,   19.] 

Conflict,  etc.     Violent  collision,  disagreement,  etc.    See  Antagonism. 
Disagreement.     Difference  of  opinion ;  failure  to  agree. 
Discongruity.     Want  of  congruity ;  unsuitableness. 
Discord.     Want  of  agreement;  strife. 
Discordance.     Opposition;  incongruity. 
Discrepancy.     Difference;  discordance. 
Disparity.     Want  of  equality;  dissimilarity. 
Disproportion.     Lack  of  symmetry;  unsuitableness. 
Disproportionateness.     Inadeauacy  to  something  else. 


HARMONY—DISCORD. 


481 


HARMONY— DISCORD. 


HARMONY—  DISCORD—  Continued. 


Aptitude.     Fitness  or  suitableness;  readiness. 

Aptness.     Suitableness  or  appropriateness. 

Assimilation.     The  transformation  of  anything  into  a  homogeneous 

part. 
Case  in  point.     An  example  as  near  as  can  be  to  a  question  or  subject 

discussed. 
Coaptation.     The  act  of  adjusting  or  fitting  together. 
Cognation.     Agreement  in  ancestry. 
Commensurability.     The  capacity  of  being  reducible  to  a  common 

measure. 
Compatibility.     Suitableness. 
Concert.     Agreement  in  carrying  out  a  scheme. 
Concord.     Agreement  between  persons  or  things. 
Concordance.     Harmony;  agreement. 
Concurrence.     Agreement  of  plan  or  action. 
Conformance.     The  state  of  being  in  accord  or  harmony. 
Conformity.     Agreement  in  form. 

Congeniality.     Similarity  or  agreement  of  disposition. 
Congruence.     Fitness,  agreement,  harmony  of  things. 
Congruity.     Logical  harmoniousness. 
Consent.     Agreement  to  the  proposals  of  another. 
Consentaneousness.     Mutual  acquiescence. 
Consistency.     Harmony  of  character  and  action. 
Consonance.     Agreement  of  sound. 
Cooperation .     Working  together  in  harmony. 
Correspondence.     A  general  likeness;  a  resemblance. 
Emmeleia.     Perfect  harmony. 
Fitness.     Adaptation*,  meetness;  suitability. 
Graduation.     Slow  adjustment. 
Harmony.     Agreement  in  all  its  parts. 

Just  the  thing.     Something  agreeing  with  anything  in  the  mind. 
Keeping.     Just  proportion  ;   harmony. 
Parallelism.     State  of  being  similar,  resemblance. 
Pertinence.     Close  relation  to  the  subject;  relevantness. 
Pertinency      Suitableness;  appositeness. 
Propriety.     Fitness;  conformity  to  customs. 
Quite  the  thing.     Entirely  suitable;  something  entirely  suitable  to 

a  purpose. 
Reconcilement.     Agreement  of  things  once  held  at  variance. 
Reconciliation.     Agreement  of  things  seemingly  contradictory  or 

incompatible. 
Relevancy.     The  quality  of  being  relevant;  pertinency. 
Right  man  in  right  place.     A  person  having  all  the  qualifications  for 

a  position. 
Sortance.     Suitableness;  agreement. 
Uniformity.     Constant,  unvaried  resemblance  to  itself. 
Union.     Joining  together  two  or  more  things  in  harmony. 
Unison.     Sameness  of  sound;  agreement,   concord. 
Very  thing.     Something  agreeing  in  all  points  with  a  model  or  idea. 

Harmony — Verbs, 

Accommodate.     To  adjust;   adapt;  compromise. 

Accord.     To  make  to  agree ;  to  agree  to  grant. 

Adapt.     To  adjust  or  fit. 

Adapt  itself  to.     To  adjust  to  circumstances. 

Adjust.     To  make  corresponding  to  something. 

Agree.     To  come  into  one  mind;  to  concur. 

Assimilate.     To  become  similar  or  like  something  else 

Be  accordant.     To  be  like  in  thought  or  sympathy.     See  Adjectives. 

Become  one.     To  be  suited  to  one's  character  or  condition. 

Befit.     To  be  suitable  to. 

Chime  in  with.     To  fall  in  with;  to  agree. 

Comport  with.     To  carry  in  accordance  with;  to  be  compatible. 

Consent.     To  yield  to  a  proposal;  acquiesce.     See  Assent. 

Consort  with.     To  unite  or  join,  as  in  harmony,  company,  etc. 

Correspond.     To  suit;  to  be  proportioned  or  congruous. 

Do.     To  make  ready  or  suitable  for  an  object  or  use. 

Dovetail.     To  fit  nicely  and  strongly. 

Dress.     To  arrange  or  put  in  good  order. 

Fadge.     To  suit;  to  agree. 

Fall  in  with.     To  concur  in;  to  comply  with. 

Fit.     To  shape  and  adjust  one  thing  to  another. 

Fit  like  a  glove.  \ 

Fit  to  a  T.  >To  nicely  and  closely  adapt  one  thing  to  another. 

Fit  to  a  tittle.      I 

Graduate.     To  divide  into  spaces,  to  advance  gradually. 

Harmonize.     To  make  agree  throughout;  to  be  in  peace. 

Match.     To  make  equal  or  similar;  to  suit.     See  Likeness. 

Meet.     To  come  together  by  mutual  concessions 

Ouadrate  with.     To  square  with,  to  agiee. 

Readjust.     To  adjust  or  settle  again. 

Reconcile.     To  bring  in  accord  what  was  incompatible  or  unlike. 


Dissension.     Violent  disagreement  in  opinion. 

Dissidence.     Dissent;  disagreement. 

Dissonance.     Disagreeing  of  sounds;  inharmoniousness. 

Divergence,     Deviation  from  agreement. 

Fish  out  of  water.     A  person  out  of  his  natural  sphere  of  work,  etc. 

Inapplicability,  etc.     Unfitness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Inaptitude.     Want  of  general  fitness. 

Inconcinnity.     "Want  of  congruousness. 

Incongruence.     Want  of  suitableness  or  propriety. 

Incongruity.     Lack  of  harmony  or  fitness. 

Inconsistency.     Want  of  consistency;  capriciousness. 

Interference.     Intervention. 

Intrusion.     Act  of  thrusting  in  without  invitation. 

Irrelevancy,  etc.  The  quality  of  being  inapplicable,  etc.  See  Con- 
nection-Independence. 

Jarring.     Discord;  a  clashing  of  interests.     See  Verbs. 

Mesalliance  [F.].     Improper  relation. 

Misjoinder.     An  incorrect  union  of  parties  or  of  causes  in  a  lawsuit. 

Misjoining.     Unsuitable  connection. 

Mismatch.     Bad  joining  or  match. 

Repugnance.     Resistance;  dislike. 

Syncretism.  Attempted  union  of  many  systems  of  philosophy  or 
religions. 

Unconformity,  etc.  Absence  of  conformity,  etc.  See  Convention- 
ality-Unconventionality. 

Unfitness,  etc.     Lack  of  fitness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Variance.     Difference  resulting  in  controversy;  discord. 

Discord — Verbs. 

Clash.     To  collide;  to  conflict  or  disagree. 

Come  amiss.     To  go  astray ;  to  go  wrong. 

Disagree,  etc.  Not  to  cooperate;  not  to  be  of  the  same  kind  or  opin- 
ion, etc.     See  Nouns. 

Hutnano  capiti  cervicem  jungere  equinam  [L.].  To  join  a  horse '« 
neck  to  a  human  head.     [Horace,  Art  of  Poetry,  t.] 

Interfere.     To  interpose;  to  intermeddle. 

Intrude.     To  enter  without  permission  or  right. 

Jar,  etc.     To  act  in  opposition ;  to  clash.     See  Variance 

Mismatch.     To  badly  match  or  join. 

Not  concern.     Not  to  be  related  or  affected. 

Discord — Adjectives. 
At  odds. 
At  variance. 
At  variance  with. 
At  war. 

Disagreeing.     Lacking  harmony. 
Discordant.     Clashing. 
Discrepant.     Different. 

Dis^o^rfionated  1  Unsuitable  to  something  else  in  bulk,  form,  etc. 

Divergent.     Receding  farther  and  farther  from  each  other. 

Exceptional.     Unusual;  anomalous;  unconformable. 

Hostile.     Repugnant;  disagreeing  strongly. 

Ill-assorted.     Badly  arranged 

Ill-sorted.     Badly  selected;  ill  fitted. 

Ill-timed.     Done  at  an  unsuitable  time. 

Improper.     Not  proper;  not  fit. 

Inadmissible.     Not  allowable. 

Inapplicable.     Not  fit. 

Inapposite.     Not  suitable  or  pertinent, 

Inappropriate.     Not  suited;  not  fitted, 

Inapt.     Unfit. 

Incompatible.     Not  consistent;  not  consonant. 

Incongruous.     Not  well  mated;  having  dissimilar  natures. 

Inconsistent  with.     Not  agreeing  at  all  times  with  itself. 

Intrusive.     Forcing  itself  in  without  permission. 

Irreconcilable.     Not  being  made  able  to  agree. 

Irreducible.     Not  resolvable  into  something  else. 

Malapropos  [F.].     Ill-timed. 

Misjoined. 

Mismtted"**  f  Not  fittingly  united,  and  suited. 

Misplaced. 

Out  of  character. 

Out  of  its  element. 

Out  of  joint. 

Out  of  keeping. 

Out  of  place. 

Out  of  proportion. 

Out  of  season. 

Out  of  tune. 


In  disagreement;  at  enmity. 


See  Irrelation,  super. 


Unfitted  for,  or  disagreeing  with. 


HARMONY— DISCORD. 


482 


HARSHNESS— MILDNESS. 


Having  the  idea  of  agreement,  similarity,  i 
harmony. 


HARMONY 

HARMONY— Verbs— Continued. 
Regulate.     To  adjust  with  respect  to  some  thing  or  person. 
Render  accordant.     To  cause  to  be  accordant.     See  Adjectives. 
Respond.     To  act  in  sympathy  or  harmony;  agree;  suit. 
Square.     To  shape  or  fit. 

Square  with.     To  mold,  fit,  adjust,  or  shape  to  an  agreement. 
Suit.     To  fit;  to  adapt;  to  agree. 
Tally.     To  make  to  correspond;  conform. 

Harmony — Adjectives. 
Accordant.     Agreeing  in  a  purpose. 
Ad  rem  [L.].     To  the  purpose. 
Agreeing,  etc.     Concurring,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Apt.     Quick  at  understanding;  pertinent. 
At  home.     In  the  proper  place. 
At  one  with.     Concurring  in  a  given  proposition. 
Becoming.     Suited  to  character,  position,  or  disposition. 
Commensurate.     Commensurable. 
Compatible.     Not  repugnant;  agreeing. 
Concordant.     Agreeing;  consonant. 
Conformable.     Agreeing  in  form;  correspondent. 
Conr  mial.     Suited  in  temperament  or  character. 
Congruous.     Characterized  by  suitability. 
Consentaneous.     Reciprocally  acquiescent. 
Consistent.     Agreeing  in  reality  with  profession. 
Consonant.     Likeness  of  sound;  according. 
correspondent      Having  suitability;  fit. 
Harmonious.     Concordant;  peaceable. 
In  accord. 
In  accordance  with 
In  harmony  with. 
In  keeping  with.        J 

In  loco  [L.].     In  place;  in  the  right  place. 
In  one's  proper  element.     Suitable  to. 
In  point.     Under  discussion. 
In  unison  with.     Agreeing  with. 
Of  a  riece.     Of  same  sort;  like 
Of  one  mind.     Agreeing. 
On  all  fours.     To  correspond  with  exactly. 
Pat.     Exactly  fitting. 
Pertinent.     Applicable;  relevant:  suited. 
Proportionate.     Adjusted  in  a  due  proportion. 
Reconciled.     Brought  in  harmony;  harmonized. 
Suiting,  etc.     Adapting;  befitting;  agreeing,  etc.     See  Verbs, 
To  the  point.     }  Suitab]e 
To  the  purpose.) 

Harmony — Associated  Adjectives. 
Adapted.     Accommodated  to  a  situation. 
Admissible.     Allowable;  requiring  assent. 
Applicable.     Suitable. 

Appropriate.     Limited  to  a  particular  use. 
Apropos  [F.].     In  this  connection. 

har'-ness.  To  make  ready  for  draft;  equipment  for 
a  draft  animal;  equipment  for  any  business.  Con- 
nective, Dress-Undress,  Instrument,  Release- 
Prison,  Union-Disunion;  in  harness,  Action- 
Passiveness,  Activity-Indolence,  Enclosure, 
Liberty-Subjection,  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion. 

harp.  To  revert  to  some  subject  continually;  play  on 
the  harp.  Discontinuance-Continuance,  Musical 
Instruments,  Recurrence. 

har'-pa-gon.  An  iron  grappling-hook.  Extrava- 
gance-Avarice. 

harp'-er.     One  who  plays  the  harp.     Musician. 

harp'-ing.  Dwelling  upon  one  subject.  Recur- 
rence. 

har-poon'.  A  missile  weapon  to  capture  whales  and 
other  large  fish.     Weapon. 

harp'-si-chord.  An  old-fashioned  keyed  and  stringed 
instrument.     Musical  Instruments. 

har'-py.  Any  rapacious  person;  a  fabulous  winged 
monster.  Benefactor  -  Evildoer,  Harshness- 
Mildness,  Jove-Fiend,  Robber. 

har'-que-bus.     An  antique  form  of  musket.     Weapon. 

IIARSHNESS- 
Absolutism.     The  doctrine  of  unlimited  power  and  control  of   the 

sovereign. 
Arbitrary  power.     Despotic  power. 


-DISCORD—  Continued. 

DISCORD— Adjectives — Continued. 

Repugnant  to.     Opposed;  antagonistic. 
Unaccommodating.     Not  suiting  and  fitting. 
Unapt.     Inapt;  unsuited. 

Unbecoming.     Not  suited  to  rank  or  character. 
Unbefitting.     Unsuited. 
Uncommensurable.     Unproportionate. 
Unconformable.     Not  correspondent;  not  compliant 
Uncongenial.     Having  a  similar  nature. 
Unconsonant.     Inharmonious. 
Unfit.     Not  fit;  incompetent. 
Unfitting.     Making  unsuitable. 
Unharmonious.     Not  the  same ,  discordant. 
Unsuitable.     Improper;  incongruous.  - 

Unsuited.     Unfitted;  discordant. 

Discord — Adverbs,  etc. 
A  tort  et  a  trovers  [FJ.     Without  settled  purpose. 
Discordantly.     Out  of  harmony.     See  Adjectives. 
In  contempt  of. \ 

In  defiance  of.    ^-Contrary  to;  disagreeing  with.     See  Adjectives. 
In  spite  of.         J 

Discord  — Phrase. 
Asinus  ad  lyram  [L.].     The  ass  at  the  lyre-  hence,  anything  alto 
gether  out  of  place .  

HARMONY — Associated  Adjectives — Continued. 

Bearing  upon.     Situated  so  as  to  affect;    related  to  the  subject  in 

hand. 
Deft.     Handy;  clever;  apt. 
Felicitous.     Well  applied;  appropriate. 
Fit.     Adapted  to  an  end  or  object. 
Germane.     Closely  allied;  relevant;  pertinent. 
Happy.     Felicitous;  appropriate. 
Idoneous.     Proper;  suitable. 
Meet.     Fitting;  suitable. 
Opposite.     Placed  over  against. 
Relevant.     Pertaining  to  the  case  in  hand. 
Seasonable.     Done  at  the  proper  time;  opportune. 
Sortable.     Suitable;  befitting. 
Suitable.     Fitting;  accordant. 

Harmony — Adverbs. 
A  propos.     Relevantly. 
Pertinently,  etc.     Appropriately.     See  Adjectives. 

Harmony — Phrases. 
Auxilia  humilia  firma  consensus  jacit    [L.].      Concord  makes  feebl* 

assistance  strong. 
It  is  appropriate.     It  is  in  harmony  with. 

Rem  acu  tetigisti  [L.].     You  have' touched  it  with  a  needle-point. 
The  cap  fits.     It  is  pat. 


har'-ri-dan.  A  hag;  a  strumpet.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Purity-Rake. 

har'-ri-er.  A  small  hound  used  to  hunt  hares.  Fauna 
Flora. 

har'-row.      To  pulverize  plowed  ground  with  a  harrow. 
Domestication-Agriculture,     Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness;  harrow  up  the  soul,  Sanguineness 
Timidity. 

har'-row-ing.  Lacerating  the  feelings.  Pleasurable 
ness-Painpulness. 

har'-iy.      To    annoy ;    pillage ;    harass.      Attac  k  -  De 
fense,    Charitableness-Malevolence,    Pleasur- 
ableness-Painfulness. 

harsh.  Rough;  disagreeable;  offensive;  grating;  abus 
ive;  austere.  Cacophony,  Charitableness-Malev-> 
olence,  Compassion-Ruthlessness,  Harshness-1 
Mildness,  Melody-Dissonance,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Purity- 
Crudeness,  Vigor-Inertia;  harsh  voice,  Voc/.t  iza- 
tion-Muteness. 

harsh'-ness.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  h^rsh. 
Harshness-Mildness,  Melody-Dissonance,  Vigor- 
Inertia. 

-MILDNESS. 

Clemency.     A  disposition  to  forgive. 

Compassion,  etc.  A  sympathizing  feeling  for  the  misfortunes  orf 
others,  etc.     See  Compassion. 


HARSHNESS— MILDNESS. 


483 


HARSHNESS. 


HARSHNESS— MILDNESS— Continued. 


Arrogance,  etc.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  arrogant,  etc.     See 

Presumption. 
Assumption.     The  act  of  assuming;  disposition  to  assume  too  much. 
Austerity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  austere. 
Autocracy.      The  rule  of  one  having  unrestricted  and  irresponsible 

authority. 


Brute  force. 


Physical  exertion;  cruel  power. 


Brute  strength.. 

Coercion.     Forcible  constraint  or  restraint. 

Despotism.     Unlimited  and  severe  rule  in  which  those  ruled  have  no 

part. 
Dictatorship.     The  office  of  one  who  has  obtained  absolute  power, 

generally  in  an  emergency,  as  in  ancient  Rome. 
Domineering.     Arbitrary  exercise  of  power. 
Hard  lines.     A  difficult  or  distressing  situation.     [Walter  Scott,  Red- 

gauntlet;  Psalms  xvi,  8.] 
Hard  measure.     Oppressive  treatment. 
Harshness,  etc.     The  quality  of  being  harsh,  etc.    See  Compassion* 

RUTHLESSNESS. 

Inclemency.     Severity. 

Inquisition.     A  severe,  critical  examination. 

Iron  hand,  j 

Iron  heel.     I  p£j.m  relentless  control  or  government. 

Iron  rule. 

Iron  sway.  J 

Martial  law.     Arbitrary  law  proceeding  from  military  authority. 

Officialism.     Strict  adherence  to  rule  or  form . 

Oppression.     The  act  of  oppressing;  the  state  of  being  oppressed; 

that  which  oppresses. 
Pipe-clay.       A   settling    up    accounts,  as  soldiers'  equipments  are 

rubbed  up  for  parade  with  white  clay. 
Reign  of  Terror.     A  period  of  anarchy  and  great  bloodshed  in  France ; 

any  similar  period  or  situation. 
Rigor.     Relentless  temper  or  sternness. 
Severity.     Cruel  treatment;  harshness. 
Sharp  practise.     Cunning  stratagem. 

Strictness.     The  state  or  quality  of  adhering  to  a  fixed  rule. 
Stringency.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  stringent. 
Strong  hand.     Violence;  force. 
Tender  mercies.     Entire  lack  of  compassion  or  pity. 

£gu!  P15?'}  Relentless,  harsh  control. 
Tight  hand.  J 

Tyranny.     Government  of  a  tyrant. 

Usurpation.     Unlawful  and  arbitrary  seizure  of  power. 

Harshness — Nouns  of  Agency. 

Bashaw.     Turkish  title  of  honor;  a  powerful  ruler. 

Despot.     One  who  rules  regardless  of  law  or  right. 

Disciplinarian.     One  who  enforces  rigid  discipline. 

Draco.     Famous  law-giver  of  Athens;  any  severe,  rigorous  ruler  or 
governor. 

Extortioner.     One  who  takes  something  from  another  by  force  or  the 
unlawful  exercise  of  power. 

Hard  master.     One  who  uses  harsh  or  cruel  measures  over  his  subor- 
dinates. 

Harpy.     A  ravenous  extortioner.  [Virgil,  sEneid.] 

Inquisitor.     A  severe  questioner  or  investigator. 

Jingo.     One  favoring  an  aggressive  foreign  policy. 

Martinet.     One  laying  great  stress  on  strict  adherence  to  discipline 
in  detail 

Oppressor.     One  who  oppresses. 

Stickler ,     One  who  persistently  contends  for  some  trifling  point. 

Tyrant.     One  who  exercises  power  or  authority,  unlawfully  and 
cruelly. 

Culture.     A  rapacious  bird;  hence,  figuratively,  a  greedy  and  exact- 
ing person.. 

Harshness — Verbs. 

Arrogate.     To  claim  a  right  to  presumptuously. 

Assume.     To  take  unjustly. 

Bear  a  heavy  hand  upon.     Exercise  oppression  over. 

Be  down  upon.     To  dislike  and  treat  harshly. 

Be  hard  upon.     Treat  in  a  cruel,  unpleasant  manner. 

Be  severe,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Bully,  etc.     To  coerce  by  threats,  etc.     See  Presumption. 

Chastise  with  scorpions.     To  treat  or  punish  with  great  cruelty. 

Coerce,  etc.     To  compel  or  restrain  by  force,  etc.     See  Coercion. 

Come  down  upon.     To  reprimand. 

Crush  under  an  iron  heel.     To  forcibly  suppress. 

Deal  hardly  with.     Treat  roughly. 

Deal  hard  measure  to.     To  be  oppressive  or  harsh  toward 

Domineer.     To  assume  haughty,  insolent  rule  over. 

Dye  with  blood.     Treat  or  punish  with  brutal  cruelty. 


Favor.     A  kind  act;  an  inclination  to  mildness. 
Forbearance.     The  exercise  of  patience. 
Gentleness.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  gentle. 


Indulgence.  1  The  quality  of  allowing  self  or  others  too  much  freedom 
Leniency. - 


Indulge  nc  y. - 


in  any  direction. 


nee.  t  ,pke  state  or  quality  of  being  lenient 


Lenity.     Lenience. 

Mercy.     Compassionate  treatment  of  an  offender. 

Mildness.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  mild. 

Moderation.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  temperate. 

Quarter.     Compassionate  treatment  by  an  enemy,  as  in  sparing  life 

Tolerance.     Capacity  to  endure  or  act  of  enduring  that  which  is 

objectionable  or  unpleasant. 
Toleration.     The  quality  of  allowing  when  one  has  power  or  influence 

to  prevent. 

Mildness — Verbs. 

Allow  one  to  have  his  own  way.     To  be  lenient  or  gentle  with. 

Bear  with.     To  show  forbearance. 

Be  lenient,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Give  quarter.     To  spare;  to  assign  quarters  to  a  foe. 

Indulge.     To  forbear  from  controlling. 

Parcere  subjectis  [L.fl.     To  spare  the  conquered. 

Spoil.     Impair,  as  in  disposition,  by  overindulgence. 

Tolerate.     To  allow  to  be  or  to  be  done  without  opposition. 

Mildness — A  djectives . 

Clement,  etc.     Characterized  by  clemency,  etc.     See  Compassion. 

Easygoing.     Mild-tempered. 

Forbearing.     Treating  with  consideration  and  indulgence. 

Gentle.     Refined;  amiable;  tender. 

Indulgent.     Prone  to  indulge. 

Lenient.     Not  severe  in  punishment. 

Mild.     Not  harsh  in  disposition. 

Mild  as  milk.     Very  mild. 

Soft.     Expressing  gentleness  or  sympathy. 

Tolerant.     Allowing  what  one  has  the  power  to  prevent. 


HARSHNESS— Verbs— Continued. 
Force  down  the  throat.     Compel  to  do  unwillingly. 
Hold  a  tight  hand.     Keep  control. 
Ill-treat.     To  treat  cruelly  or  improperly. 
Inflict.     To  cause  another  to  suffer. 
Keep  a  tight  hand.     Maintain  severe  control. 
Lay  a  heavy  hand  on.     Be  very  severe  or  oppressive. 
Oppress.     To  overburden  unjustly. 
Override.     To  supersede  or  suppress. 
Put  on  the  screw.     To  use  extortion  upon;  to  coerce. 
Ride  roughshod  over.     To  cause  pain  to  others  in  an  inconsiderate 

manner. 
Rivet  the  yoke.     To  bind  in  servitude  or  oppression. 
Rule  with  a  rod  of  iron.     To  rule  with  severe,  rigid  authority. 
Stretch  a  point.     To  go  beyond  one's  rightful  authority. 
Take  liberties.     To  do  more  than  is  proper  or  right. 
Trample  down. 

Trample  under  foot.      0  overwhelm. 

Trample  upon. 
Tread  down. 

Tread  under  foot.l  — „„ 

Tread  upon.  j  To  oppress. 

Tyrannize.     To  act  as  a  tyrant. 

Usurp.    To  appropriate,  as  authority,  without  proper  right  or  by  force. 

Wreak.     To  inflict,  as  a  punishment. 

Harshness — Adjectives. 

Absolute.     With  no  restriction. 

Arbitrary.     Unreasonable;  harsh. 

Arrogant,  etc.  Assuming  too  much  authority,  etc.  See  Presump- 
tion. 

Austere.     Severe  or  grave  in  manner  or  judgment. 

Coercive,  etc.     Serving  or  intending  to  coerce,  etc.     See  Coercion. 

Cruel.     Fitted  to  cause  pain  or  grief. 

Dour.     Obstinate ;  hard. 

Draconian.     Relentless;  severe. 

Exigeant  [F.].      Requiring  too  much. 

Exigent.     Demanding  immediate  action;  exacting. 

Extortionate.     Given  to  extortion ;  oppressive. 

Grinding.  Oppressing  by  exactions,  as  in  a  mill  or  with  a  grind- 
stone. 


HARSHNESS. 


484 


HAUNT. 


HARSHNESS—  Adjectives— Continued. 


Bard.     Stern  and  unsympathetic. 

Harsh.     Severe  and  abusive. 

Haughty.     Contemptuously  overbearing  and  oppressive. 

Imperative,     Demanding  obedience. 

Inclement.     Lacking  mildness  or  kindliness. 

Inexorable.     Not  to  be  moved  from  adherence  to  a  rule. 

Inflexible.     Firm  in  will;  unchangeable;  inexorable. 

Inquisitorial.     Like  an  inquisitor. 

Iron-handed.     Rude;  harsh. 

Obdurate.     Opposing  all  sympathetic  ir^uences. 

Oppressive.     Unreasonably  severe. 

Peremptory.     Not  admitting  of  remonstrance. 

Positive.     Confident  and  overbearing. 

Relen.less.     Insensible  or  unyielding  to  appeals. 


Rigid.     Not  indulgent  or  yielding;  severe. 

Rigorous.     Characterized  by  rigor. 

Searching.     Severe  and  critical  in  investigation. 

Severe.     Characterized  by  severity. 

Stern.     Severe  in  aspect  and  judgment,  or  manner. 

Stiff.     Unyielding;  harsh. 

Straitlaced.     Rigid  in  opinion  and  manners. 

Strict.     Governing  or  governed  by  rigid  rules. 

Stringent.     Making  rigid;  severe  requirements. 

Tyrannical.     Like  a  tyrant. 

Uncompromising.     Making  no  concessions. 

Unsparing.     Not  considerate. 

Withering.     Causing  to  shrink  or  be  abashed. 


Harshness — Adverbs. 


At  the  point  of  the  bayonet.     In  a  cruel,  barbarous  manner. 
At  the  point  of  the  sword.     By  compulsion  or  force. 
Severely,  etc.     In  a  severe  manner,  etc.  See  Adjectives. 


With  a  heavy  hand.  ] 

With  a  high  hand.      i  .-  .     .         .         .       .     . 

With  a  strong  hand,  f  Oppressively  and  overbearingly. 

With  a  tight  hand. 


J 


Harshness — Phrases. 


Bonis  nocei  si  quis  malis  pepercciit  [L.]. 
he  injures  the  good . 


If  any  one  spares  the  bad 


Delirant  reges  plectuniur  Achivi    [L.].      The    kings    rage   and   the 

Greeks  suffer:  the  people  must  pay  for  the  folly  of  their  rulers. 
Manu  forti  [L.].     With  the  strong  hand. 


hart.  The  male  of  the  red  deer.  Fauna-Flora, 
Male-Female. 

har'-um-scar'-um.  Marked  by  extreme  haste  or  dis- 
order. Heed-Disregard,  Regularity-Irregular- 
ity. 

ha-rus'-pice.     A  soothsayer.     Soothsayer. 

har'-vest.  The  product  of  any  toil;  a  crop  stored  up. 
Assignment,  Cause-Effect,  Good-Evil,  Store; 
get  in  the  harvest,  Completion-Noncompletion, 
Gain -Loss,  Success -Failure;  harvest  home, 
Solemnization;  harvest  time,  Toil-Relaxation. 

has'-been".  A  person  or  thing  out  of  date.  Future- 
Past. 

hash.  To  cut  into  small  pieces ;  mix ;  a  dish  of  chopped 
and  cooked  meat.  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Nutri- 
ment -  Excretion,  Regularity  -  Irregularity; 
make  a  hash,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

hash'-ish.  An  intoxicating  substance  made  from  the 
Indian  hemp.  Moderation-Selfindulgence,  Rem- 
edy-Bane. 

hasp.  To  fasten;  a  fastening.  Union-Disunion,  Con- 
'  nective. 

has'-sock.  A  thick  mat  used  as  a  footstool.  Suspen- 
sion-Support. 

Hast,  aber  ohne  Rast,  ohne  [G.]  (hast,  ab'-er  o'-nS  rost, 
o'-n§).  Unhasting,  but  unresting.  Eternity-In- 
stantaneity,  Hurry-Leisure. 

haste.  Speed;  hurry.  Activity-Indolence,  Hurry- 
Leisure,  Swiftness. 

ha'-sten.  To  expedite.  Obstruction-Help,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness. 

ha'-sti-ly.     Speedily.     Hurry-Leisure. 

ha'-sty.  Rash;  quick-tempered;  done  with  celerity. 
Eternity-Instantaneity,  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility,  Favorite-Quarrelsomeness,  Hurry-Leis- 
ure. 

hat.  A  covering  for  the  head.  Dress-Undress;  car- 
dinal's hat,  Vestments;  hat  in  hand,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness;  send  round  the  hat,  Petition-Ex- 
postulation; shovel-hat,  Vestments. 

hatch.  To  develop  in  and  come  forth  from  an  egg; 
plan;  evolve  in  the  mind;  a  door  with  an  opening 
over  it;  to  mark  with  lime.  Aperture-Closure, 
Creation  -  Destruction,  Design,  Enclosure, 
Painting,  Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood; hatch  a  plot,  Design. 

hatch'-es,  un'-der.  In  confinement;  in  distress.  Af- 
fluence-Penury, Guard-Prisoner,  Release-Re- 
straint. 


hatch'-et.  A  small,  short-handled  ax.  Sharpness- 
Bluntness;  dig  up  the  hatchet,  Fighting-Concilia- 
tion; throw  the  helve  after  the  hatchet,  Extra va- 
gance-Avarice. 

hatch'-et-faced".  Thin  and  narrow-featured.  Breadth- 
Narrowness. 

hatch'-ing.  Evolving  by  long  meditation.  Prepaka- 
tion-Nonpreparation. 

hatch'-ment.  The  armorial  bearings  of  a  deceased 
person;  an  ornament  on  the  hilt  of  the  sword.  Life- 
Funeral,  Mark-Obliteration,  Sign. 

hatch'-way.  An  opening  in  a  deck,  floor,  roof,  or  the 
like.     Aperture-Closure. 

hate.  Intense  aversion,  with  animosity  and  malignity. 
Amity-Hostility,  Charitableness-Malevolence, 
Desire-Distaste,   Love-Hate,  Variance-Accord. 

hate'-ful.  Manifesting  hatred;  odious.  Goodness- 
Badness,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

hath  been,  the  time.    Future-Past. 

ha'-ting.     Filled  with  hatred.     Love-Hate. 

hat'-rack".     A  rack  for  hanging  hats  on.     Holder. 

ha'-tred.  A  sustained  feeling  of  bitter  aversion. 
Amity-Hostility,  Charitableness-Malevolence, 
Desire-Distaste,  Love-Hate,  Variance-Accord; 
object  of  hatred,  Ceremonial. 

hat'-ter.  One  who  makes  or  deals  in  hats.  Dress- 
Undress. 

hat'-ti-sher-if".  An  imperial  decree  of  the  highes- 
authority,  in  Turkey.     Order. 

hau'-berk.  A  medieval  coat  of  mail.  Attack-De- 
fense. 

haud  passibus  cequis  [L.]  (haud  pas'-si-bus  i'-quis), 
Not  with  equal  steps.  Equality-Inequality, 
Swiftness-Slowness. 

haugh.    Low-lying,  rich  land.    Gulf-Plain. 

haugh'-ti-ness.  Pride.  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness, Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

haugh'-ty.  Proud;  disdainful;  arrogant.  Harshness- 
Mildness,  Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Regard- 
Scorn,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

haul.  To  drag  or  pull  with  force.  Push-Pull,  Tak- 
ing-Restitution; haul  down  one's  flag,  Yieldino. 

haul'-age.     The  process  of  hauling.     Push-Puil. 

haunch.  The  fleshy  part  of  the  hip;  anything  hip- 
shaped.  Architecture,  Laterality-Contraposi- 
tion. 

haunt.  To  visit  in  the  form  of  a  ghost;  resort  much  to; 
a  place  to  which  one  resorts  frequently.  Chari- 
tableness-Malevolence,    Dweller-Habitation, 


HAUNT. 


485 


HEAD-GEAR. 


Gatheringplace,    Presence-Absence;    haunt    the 
memory,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Remem- 

BRANCE-FORGETFULNESS. 

haunt'-ed.  Frequently  visited  by  ghosts  or  appari- 
tions.    Jove-Fiend. 

haut'-boy.  A  wooden  wind  instrument.  Musical  In- 
struments. 

haut,  en  [F.]  (o,  an).    Above.    Height-Lowness. 

haut  en  has,  regarder  de  [F.]  (o  an-  ba,  re-gar-de'  de). 
To  look  high  and  low.  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness. 

haut  en  bas,  trailer  de  [F.](o  an-  ba,  tr&-te'  de).  To 
treat  with  contempt.  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness, Regard-Scorn. 

hau"-teur'.  Disdainful  pride.  Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness. 

haut" -gout'  [F.]  (o"-gu').    High  flavor.    Pungency. 

haut-monde  [F.]  (o"-mond').  The  high  world.  Gen- 
tility-Democracy. 

bave.  To  own;  hold  in  the  mind.  Holding-Exemp- 
tion, Knowledge-Ignorance,  Proof-Disproof; 
have  at,  Attack-Defense;  have  done,  Discontinu- 
ance-Continuance: have  for  one's  own,  Property; 
have  in  petto.  Instrumentality;  have  in  store,  Oc- 
currence-Destiny, Provision-Waste;  have  it,  Dis- 
covery, Faith -Misgiving;  have  it  your  own  way, 
Yielding;  havs  no  choice,  Choice-Neutrality; 
have  no  end,  Eternity-Instantaneity;  have  nothing 
to  do  with,  Connection-Independence,  Fighting- 
Conciliation;  have  one's  rights,  Dueness-Undue- 
ness;  have  one  to  know,  Enlightenment-Secrecy; 
have  other  fish  to  fry,  Opportuneness-Unsuitable- 
ness;  have  rather,  Choice-Neutrality;  have  some 
knowledge  of,  Knowledge-Igncrance;  have  the  ad- 
vantage, Equality-Inequality,  Supremacy-Sub- 
ordinacy;  have  the  chair,  President-Member;  have 
the  start,  Antecedence-Sequence;  have  to,  Pur- 
pose-Luck; have  up,  Justification-Charge. 

ha'-ven.  A  port;  a  place  of  anchorage  for  ships. 
Arrival-Departure,  Movement-Rest,  Refuge- 
Pitfall. 

hav'-er-sack.  A  soldier's  ration-bag.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

hav'-oc.  General  destruction.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Creation-Destruction;  cry  havoc,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation; play  havoc,  Betterment-De- 
terioration. 

haw.  To  hesitate  in  speaking.  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness. 

hawk.  To  clear  the  throat  of  phlegm;  to  peddle; 
abird  of  prey.  Admission-Expulsion,  Buying-Sale, 
Sight-Blindness;  between  hawk  and  buzzard, 
Agitation,  Pleasure-Pain;  eye  of  a  hawk,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity; hawk  about,  Buying-Sale, 
Proffer -Refusal,  Publicity;  know  a  hawk 
from  a  hand-saw,  Differentiation-Indiscrimina- 
tion. 

hawk'-er.     A  pedler.     Dealer. 

hawk'-eyed".  Having  keen,  piercing  eyes.  Sight- 
Blindness. 

hawk'-ing.     Hunting  with  hawks.    Quest-Evasion. 

haw'-ser.    A  large  and  heavy  rope.    Connective. 

hay'-cock".    A  conical  pile  of  hay  in  the  field.    Gath- 
ering-Scattering. 
hay'-fe"-ver.     Nasal  catarrh.     Health-Sickness. 
Hay'-mar"-ket.    District  in  Chicago.    Haymarket  gang, 

Tyranny- Anarchy. 
hay'-mow".    A  mass  of  hay  laid  up  in  a  barn.    Quan- 
tity-Measure. 
hay  while   the  sun   shines,  make.     Opportuneness- 

Unsuitableness. 
haz'-ard.    Risk;  chance.    Purpose-Luck,  Rationale- 
Luck,  Security-Insecurity;  at  all  hazards,  Deter- 
mination-Vacillation;  hazard   a  conjecture.    Hy- 


pothesis;    hazard    a   proposition,    Ratiocination- 
Instinct. 

haz'-ard-ed.  Exposed  to  danger.  Ratiocination- 
Instinct. 

haz'-ard-ous.  Perilous;  dangerous.  Security-Inse- 
curity. 

haze.  Vapor  which  renders  the  air  thick;  dimness  of 
perception.  Certainty-Doubt,  Viscidity-Foam  ;  in 
a  haze,  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

ha'-zel.     Dark-brown.     Gray-Brown. 

ha'-zy.  Lacking  clearness.  Diaphaneity-Opaque- 
ness. 

he.    The  man  or  male  person  before  named.    Hjmanity. 

head.  The  uppermost;  foremost;  leader;  an  individual; 
the  understanding;  a  chapter;  climax;  a  head-dress; 
title;  director;  master;  the  rounded  mass  of  foam 
which  rises  on  the  top  of  any  effervescing  liquor. 
Beginning-End,  Chief-Underling,  Conception- 
Theme,  Division,  Dress-Undress,  Humanity, 
Leading- Following,  Management,  Manager 
Mind-Imbecility,  Missive-Publication,  Name-Mis- 
nomer, Painting,  Precedence-Succession,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity, Top-Bottom,  Viscidity-Foaj:  ; 
as  one's  head  shall  answer  for,  Engagement-Re- 
lease; at  the  head  of,  Missive-Publication,  Repu- 
tation-Discredit, Rule-License;  bow  the  head, 
Elevation-Depression;  can't  get  out  of  one's  head, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  come  into  one's 
head,  Reflection-Vacancy;  from  head  to  foot,  En- 
tirety-Deficiency, Length-Shortness;  gain  head, 
Dominance-Impotence;  get  into  one's  head,  Faith- 
Misgiving,  Reflection-Vacancy,  Teetotalism- 
Intemperance;  give  a  horse  his  head,  Liberty-Sub- 
jection; hang  one's  head,  Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness;  have  in  one's  head,  Knowledge-Ignorance; 
have  no  head,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity; head  above  water,  Affluence- 
Penury,  Security-Insecurity,  Welfare-Misfor- 
tune; head  and  front,  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance; head  and  front  of  one's  offending,  Justifica- 
tion -  Charge,  Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness  ; 
head  and  shoulders,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Hurry- 
Leisure;  head  over  heels,  Reversal,  Revolution- 
Evolution;  hold  one's  head  up,  Elevation-Depres- 
sion; knock  one's  head  against,  Impetus-Reaction, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  knock  on  the  head,  Life- 
Killing;  lie  on  one's  head,  Duty-Dereliction;  lift 
up  one's  head,  Selfrespect-Humbleness;  make 
head  against,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Reprisal- 
Resistance,  Success-Failure;  make  neither  head 
nor  tail,  Clearness-Obscurity;  master  head,  Adept- 
Bungler;  never  entered  into  one's  head,  Heed-Dis- 
regard; not  know  whether  one  stands  on  head  or 
heels,  Astonishment-Expectance,  Certainty- 
Doubt  ;  on  one's  head,  Reversal  ;  over  head  and  ears, 
Credit-Debt,  Excess-Lack,  Love-Hate;  put  into 
one's  head,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Hypothesis; 
put  out  of  one's  head,  Heed-Disregard  ;  run  in  the 
head,  Hypothesis,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness; 
take  into  one's  head,  Desire-Distaste,  Mind-Imbe- 
cility, Persistence-Whim,  Purpose-Luck;  trouble 
one's  head  about,  Heed-Disregard;  turn  the  head, 
Sensitiveness;  with  head  erect,  Selfrespect- 
Humbleness. 
head'-ache".  A  pain  in  the  head.  Sensuality-Suffer- 
ing. 
head'-cen"-ter.  A  chief  manager.  Manager. 
head'-dress".     A  covering  or  ornament  for  the  head. 

Dress-Undress. 
head'-er.    Aplungeorfallheadforemost.    Spring-,  ive. 
head"  fore'-most.  Rash;  violent.    Recklessness-Cau- 
tion, Turbulence-Calmness. 
head'-gear".  Ahead-dress.  Dress-Undress, Leading- 
Following. 


HEADING. 


486 


HEALTH— SICKNESS. 


head'-ing.  A  caption,  title,  or  the  like.  Beginning- 
End,  Name-Misnomer,  Predecessor-Continua- 
tion, Sign. 

head'-land".  A  cliff  projecting  into  the  sea.  Convex- 
ity-Concavity. Height-Lowness. 

head'-light".  A  light  in  front  of  a  car  to  light  the  track. 
Alarm,  Sign. 

head'-line".  A  line  printed  above  some  article  as  a  title. 
Writing-Printing. 

head'-long".  Impetuous;  rash.  Hurry-Leisure, 
Recklessness-Caution;  rush  headlong,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness. 

head'-man".     A  leader.     Manager. 

head'-most.  The  most  advanced.  Anteriority-Pos- 
teriority, Leading-Following. 

head'-piece".  A  decorative  design  at  the  top  of  a 
printed  page;  the  intellect.  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement, Mind-Imbecility,  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity. 

head'-quar"-ters.  The  location  of  the  commanding 
officer,  in  camp;  the  center  of  authority.  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Gatheringplace,  Rule-License. 

head'Trace".  The  channel  by  which  water  is  led  to  a 
water-wheel.     Watercourse-Airpipe. 

heads.  Topics.  Digest;  heads  I  win,  tails  you  lose, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty;  heads  or  tails,  Purpose- 


Luck,  Rationale-Luck  ;  lay  heads  together,  Advice, 
Antagonism-Concurrence. 

head'-sail".  A  sail  set  forward  on  the  foremast.  Con- 
veyance-Vessel. 

head'-ship.     The  chief  place.     Rule-License. 

heads'-man.     A  public  executioner  who  beheads  the 
condemned.     Recompense-Scourge. 

head'-strong".  Ungovernable;  obstinate.  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Recklessness-Caution,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

head'-tone".  In  singing,  a  tone  coming  from  the  head 
Music 

head'- way.  Forward  motion,  especially  of  a  vessel. 
Advance -Retrogression,  Traveling -Naviga- 
tion. 

head'-wind".  An  opposing  wind.  Antagonism-Con- 
currence, Obstruction-Help. 

head'-work".     Mental  labor.     Mind-Imbecility. 

head'-y.     Headstrong.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

heal.  To  restore  to  health  or  soundness.  Renovation- 
Relapse;  heal  the  breach,  Fighting-Conciliation; 
let  the  wound  heal,  Pardon- Vindictiveness. 

heal'-ing  art.  The  art  of  medicine.  Renovation 
Relapse. 

health.  The  state  of  being  sound  and  well.  Health- 
Sickness. 


HEAI./i  H— SICKNESS. 


Bloom.     A  state  of  healthful  youth  and  vigor. 

Excellent  health.       |A  h;  h    d        e   of    freedom   from    physical 
Good  health  V     dj  Qr       ; 

Good  state  of  nealth. ) 

Health.     The  state  of  being  hale,  whole,  free  from  disease. 
Incorruptibility.     The  quality  of  being  incapable  of  decay  or  cor- 
ruption. 
Incorruption.     The  condition  of  being  free  from  corruption. 
Perfect  health.     Complete  freedom  from  disease. 

RuaelaC-}  Scate  °f  being  3trong  and  vi8OTOUS- 

Sanity.     Soundness  of  mind  or  body. 

Soundness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  sound,  firm,  not  diseased,  etc. 

See  Adjectives. 
Vigor.     Active  force  or  strength  of  mind  or  body. 
Virile.     Mature;  strong,  physically  capable. 

Health — Denotations. 
Clean  bill  of  health.     A  statement  indicating  freedom  from  disease  or 

sickness. 
Hygeia.     The  goddess  of  health. 

Health — Verbs. 

Be  in  health,  etc.     To  be  in  a  sound,  healthy  condition.     See  Nouns. 

Bloom.     To  be  in  a  state  of  healthful  growth  and  vigor. 

Cure,  etc.     To  restore  to  health,  etc.     See  Renovation. 

Enjoy  a  good  state  of  health.)  To  be  in  good  health     to  be  free  irom 

Enjoy  good  health.  >      sickness. 

Flourish.     To  be  in  a  thriving  state. 

Get  better,  etc.     To  be  in  the  process  of  becoming  well  or  free  from 
disease,  etc.     See  Betterment. 

Have  a  clean  bill  of  health.     To  be  free  from  all  disease  or  sickness. 

Keep  body  and  soul  together.     To  keep  alive. 

Keep  on  one's  legs.     To  keep  healthy. 

Recover,  etc.     To  return  to  health,  etc.     See  Renovation 

Recruit.     To  renew  in  strength  or  health. 

Restore  to  health.     To  bring  back  to  health. 

Return  to  health.     To  come  back  to  health. 

Take  a  fiesh  lease  of  life.)  To  become  healthy,  as  after  a  serious  ill- 
Take  a  new  lease  of  life.    I       ness. 

Tinker.     To  mend  in  body 

Health — Adjectives. 

As  weh  as  can  be  expected.     As  healthy  as  possible  under  the  circum- 
stances. 

Brave.     Splendid  in  appearance. 

Florid.     Blooming;  in  a  healthy  condition. 

Flush.     Full  of  vigor. 

Fresh.     Full  of  original  vigor  and  health. 

Fresh  as  a  daisy."| 

Fresh  as  April.     >  In  good  health;  blooming. 

Fresh  as  arose.  ) 


Ailing,  etc.     Mental  or  physical  illness,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Ailment.     Morbid  affection  of  the  body. 

Attack.     A  fit  of  sickness. 

Break-up  of  the  system.      A  general  weakness  and  wearing  away  of 

the  body  through  long  disease. 
Complaint.     The  cause  of  pain  or  uneasiness  of  body. 
Dangerous  illness.     An  illness  that  may  cause  death. 
Disease.     Deep-rooted  disorder. 
Disorder.     A  slightly  unhealthy  condition  of  the  system  for  a  short 

time. 
Distemper.     A  virulent  disorder. 
Distemperature.     A  slight  illness. 
Fatal  disease.     A  sickness  that  causes  death.     See  Sanguineness- 

Hopelessness. 
General  breaking  up.     Derangement  of  all  the  functions  of  the  body 

through  prolonged  sickness. 
Illness.     Disorder  of  health:  sickness. 
Indisposition.     A  slight  disorder  of  the  system. 
Infirmity.     Local  weakness  resulting  from  sickness  or  age. 
Invalidation.     The  process  of  rendering  invalid. 
Loss  of  health.     Continued  weakness  or  sickness. 
Malady.     A  lingering  disorder  or  abnormal  condition  in  any  part  of 

the  body 
Morbidity.     Tendency  of  a  disorder  to  show  itself  in  disease. 
Morbosity.     A  diseased  state 
Sickness,   etc.     Any   derangement   of   the    constitution,    etc.     See 

Adjectives. 

Sickness — Denotations. 

Abscess.     A  collection  of  pus  in  any  tissue  or  organ  of  the  body,  the 

result  of  a  morbid  process. 
•'All  the  ills  that  flesh  is  heir  to."     Every  kind  of  mental  or  physical 

disease.     "The  thousand  natural  shocks,"  etc      [Hamlet,  III,  i.) 
Atrophy.     A  wasting  away  from  want  of  nourishment. 
Black  death.     A  pestilence  which  ravaged  Europe  and  Asia  in  the 

fourteenth  century. 
Blood-stroke.     Loss  of  sensation  and  motion  from  hemorrhage  or 

congestion  of  the  brain. 
Bloody  flux.     A  disease  in  which  the  discharge  from  the  bowels  has  a 

mixture  of  blood. 
Boil.    A  hard,  painful,  inflamed  tumor 

Brash.  ^  >  A  rash  or  eruption  on  the  skin. 

Breaking  out.  > 

Cachexia.        >  A  condition  of  ill-health  and  impairment  of  nutrition 

Cachexy.         >      due  to  impoverishment  of  the  blood. 

Calenture.     A  delirium  caused  by  the  heat  of  the  sun. 

Cancer.     Any   malignant   growth   attended   with    great   pain   and 

ulceration . 
Canker.     A  corroding  ulcer  " 
Carbuncle.     A  very  painful  inflammation  of  the  subcutaneous  ti» 

especially  of  the  back  of  the  neck. 


HEALTH. 


487 


HEALTH— SICKNESS. 


HEALTH— SICKNESS— Continued. 


HEALTH — Adjectives — Continued. 

Green.      Full  of  vigor  and  life. 

Hale.     Sound;  robust;  healthy. 

Hardy.     Strong;  firm. 

Healthful.     Wholesome;  tending  to  produce  health. 

Healthy.     Enjoying  health. 

Hearty.     Firm;  sound;  not  weak. 

Hearty  as  a  buck       Figurative  expression  for  perfection  of  health. 

In  fine  feather.     In  good  health. 

In  full  bloom.     In  entire  strength  and  vigor. 

la  good  case.     In  good  health. 

In  health,  etc.     Not  ill;  well,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

In  high  feather.     In  good  health. 

On  one's  legs.     Well;  recovering. 

Pretty  bobbish.     In  good  spirits. 

Robust.     Strong,  sound,  and  vigorous  in  health. 

Safe  and  sound.     Perfectly  unharmed. 

Sanatory,  etc.     Conducive  to  health.     See  Renovation'. 

Sanitary,  etc.     Relating  to  the  preservation  of  health,  etc.     See 

Healthiness. 
Sound.     Free  from  imperfections  or  decay, 
boun    as  a    e   .     I  pigurative  expressions  for  healthiness. 

Sound  of  mind  and  body.     Well  in  soul  and  body. 
Sound  of  wind.     Free  from  weakness  of  breathing. 

sSHnchJSoundandfirm- 

Tolerably  well.     Fairly  well. 

Uninjured.     Unharmed;  whole;  sound. 

Unmaimed.     Not  disabled. 

Unmarred.     Not  hurt,  injured,  or  spoiled. 

Unscathed.     Not  harmed  or  damaged. 

Untainted.     Not  corrupted  or  diseased. 

Vigorous.     Strong  and  healthy. 

Weather-proof       Proof  against  rough  weather. 

Well.     Healthy;  sound  in  body. 

Whole.     Well;  sound. 

Health — Phrases. 

H3tel  des  Invalides  [F.].     Home  for  invalids  (».  9 .,  invalid  soldiers). 
Mens  sana  in  corpore  sano  [L.].     A  sound  mind  in  a  sound  body. 

[Juvenal,  Satires,  x,  356.] 
Non  est  vivere,  sed  valere,  vita  [L.).      Not  to  live,  but  to  be  well,  is 

life.     [Martial,  vi,  7015.] 


SICKNESS — Denotations — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Ulcer.     A  sore  discharging  pus. 

Varicose.     An  irregular  swelling  of  parts  of  the  body,  as  a  vein. 

Variola.     Smallpox. 

Virus.     The  contagion  by  which  a  disease  is  introduced  into  the 

organism. 
Visitation.     An  attack  of  sickness. 

Sickness — Nouns  of  Result. 

Case.     A  patient  under  treatment;  an  instance  of  sickness  or  injury. 

Cripple.     One  who  has  lost,  or  never  had,  the  use  of  a  limb. 

Invalid.     A  person  who  is  weak  and  infirm. 

Leper.     A  person  affected  with  leprosy. 

Martyr  to  disease.     A  person  suffering  from  long-protracted  illness. 

Patient.     A  person  under  medical  treatment. 


Sick-chamber.) 
Sick-room.       J 
Valetudinarian.  \ 
Valetudinary,    t 


A  room  in  which  a  person  is  confined  by  sickness. 
A  person  of  a  weak  or  sickly  constitution. 
Sickness — Scientific  Nouns. 


Diagnosis.     The  art  of  distinguishing  a  disease. 

Etiology.  That  branch  of  medical  science  which  treats  of  the 
caases  of  diseases. 

Nosology.      A  systematic  classification  of  diseases. 

Pathology.  The  science  which  treats  of  the  nature,  causes,  symp- 
toms, etc.,  of  diseases. 

Sickness — Verbs. 
Ail.     To  be  affected  with  pain  or  trouble  either  in  mind  or  body. 
Be  affected  with.     Acted  on  by. 
Be  ill,  etc.     To  be  unwell,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Break  out.     To  appear  suddenly. 

Catch  a  disease,  etc.     To  take  a  disease  as  by  infection,  etc. 
Catch  an  infection.     To  become  infected. 
Complain  ^f .     To  express  pain  or  distress. 


SICKNESS — Denotations- — Continued 

Carcinoma.     An  indolent  tumor  or  cancer. 

Caries.     A  process  in  which  bone  disintegrates  and  i:  Mr  ried  away 

piecemeal. 
Chicken-pox.     A  mild  eruptive  disease. 

Churchyard  coughT    A  consumptive  cough  which  seems  likely  to  end 
'    fatally. 
Consumption.     A  wasting  away  of  the  body  caused  by  pulmonary 

phthisis,  and  associated  with  cough,  spitting  of  blood,  etc. 

Corruption.)  ~  0      „  y-. 

j\  C  Decomposition.     See  Betterment-Deterioration. 

Decline.     A  gradual  wasting  away  of  the  physical  faculties. 

Delicacy.     Weakness  of  body. 

Dyspepsia.     A  kind  of  indigestion. 

Endemic.     A  disease  constantly  present  in  a  place. 

Epidemic.     A  disease  which  prevails  widely  at  some  one  time  01 

periodically. 
Fester.     A  small  inflamed  sore. 
Fever.     A  diseased  state  of  the  system,  marked  by  increased  heat, 

quickening  of  the  pulse,  and  a  general  derangement  of  the  func- 
tions. 
Galloping  consumption.     Pulmonary  disease  whose  progress  is  very 

rapid. 
Gangrene.     Mortification  of  the  soft  tissues  of  the  body. 
Gathering.     A  tumor  or  boil. 
Hay-fever.     A  catarrhal  affection  of  the  mucous  membra-ie  of  the 

eyes  and  air-passages,  characterized  by  its  annual  recurrence  at 

the  same  time  in  the  same  person. 
Hypochondria.     Melancholy ;  the  blues. 
Idiocy.     Absence,  or  marked  deficiency,  of  sense  and  intelligence. 

See  Sagacity-Incapacity.    [In  Greek,  one  in  private  life.] 
Imposthume.     A  collection  of  pus  in  any  part  of  the  body. 
Indigestion.     Failure   of   the   normal   changes   which   food   should 

undergo  in  the  alimentary  tract. 
Infection.     The  communication  of  disease. 
Inflammation.     A  morbid  condition  of  any  part  of  the  body,  with 

obstruction  of  the  blood -current,  and  growth  of  morbid  tissue. 
Influenza.     An   epidemic   affection,   characterized   by  acute  nasal 

catarrh. 
Insanity.     Unsoundness  or  derangement  of  mind.     See  Saneness- 

LUNACY. 

Issue.     An  artificial  ulcer,  made  to  secure  the  discharge  of  pus. 

La  grippe  [F,].     Influenza;  the  grip. 

Lockjaw.     A  contraction  of  the  muscles  of  the  jaw  by  which  it* 
motion  is  suspended. 

Lyssa.     Hydrophobia. 

Marasmus.     Consumption. 

Measles.     A  contagious  eruptive  disease. 

Meningitis.     Inflammation  of  the  membranes  of  the  brain. 

Mortification.     The  death  or  decaying  of  one  part  of  an  animal  body 
while  the  rest  continues  to  live. 

Murrain.     An  infectious  and  fatal  disease  among  cattle. 

Necrosis.     Mortification  or  gangrene. 

Neuralgia.     A  disease  accompanied  by  a  very  acute  pain  along  the 
course  of  a  nervous  branch. 

Palsy.     Paralysis. 

Paralysis.     Loss  of  the  power  of  voluntary  motion. 

Peccant  humor.     Morbid  or  corrupt  animal  fluid.    [Bacon.] 

Pestilence.     A  contagious  or  infectious  epidemic  disease. 

Pimple,  etc.     A  small  elevation  of  the  cuticle.     See  Convexity- 
Concavity. 

Plague.     A  fever  that  often  prevails  in  Egypt,  Syria,  and  Turkey. 

Pollution.     Foulness  or  uncleanness. 

Pox.     A  disease  characterized  by  eruptions  of  any  kind. 

Prostration.     Great  oppression  of  natural  strength  or  vigor. 

Rash.     A  fine  eruption  on  the  body. 

Rickets.     Children's  disease,  characterized  by  overgrowth  of  bones. 

Rot.     Decay. 

Scrofula.     A  disease,  generally  hereditary,  marked  by  chronic  en- 
largement and  cheesy  degeneration  of  the  lymphatic  glands. 

Seizure.     Sudden  or  violent  gripe  of  a  disease 

Septicity.     Tendency  to  putrefaction. 

Smallpox.     A  contagious  disease,  characterized  by  a  peculiar  pus- 
tular eruption. 

Sore.     A  rupture  of  the  skin  and  flesh. 

Sphacelus.     The  death  of  a  bone. 

Sporadic.     A  disease  which  manifests  itself  occasionally. 

Stroke.     A  sudden  attack  of  disease. 

Taint.     Infection  or  corruption. 

Typhoid.     A  disease  characterized  by  high  fever,  great  prostration 
and  muscular  debility. 

(Continued  on  Column  x.5 


HEALTH— SICKNESS. 


4S8 


HEALTHINESS— UXHEALTHI  NESS. 


SICKNESS— Verbs— Continued. 


Droop.     To  grow  weak. 

Feign  sickness,  etc.     To  pretend  illness,  etc.     See  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 
Flag.     To  grow  weak  or  spiritless. 
Gasp.     To  labor  for  breath ;  respire  with  difficulty. 
Halt.     To  stop  from  proceeding. 
Keep  one's  bed.     To  be  ill  or  unwell  in  bed. 
Labor  under.     To  be  oppressed  with  difficulties  or  disease. 
Languish.     To  become  weak;  lose  strength  or  animation. 

SlCKNESS- 

Affected  with  illness.     Acted  upon  by  illness;  sick. 

Afflicted  with  illness.     Stricken  with  illness. 

Ailing,  etc.     Affected  with  pain  or  illness,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Bedridden.     Confined  to  bed  by  disease  or  age. 

Broken- winded.     Disordered  respiration. 

Cankered.     Having  an  unkind  or  malignant  temper'. 

Chlorotic.     Affected  with  or  like  to  the  disease  which  causes  the  skin 

to  become  of  a  greenish  hue. 
Confined.     Kept  in  bed  by  sickness. 
Contaminated.     Corrupted;  tarnished 
Cranky.     Rickety. 

Crippled.     Deprived  of  limbs,  strength,  or  activity. 
Decayed,  etc.     Having  become  weak,  corrupted,  or  disintegrated, 

etc.     See  Betterment-Deterioration. 
Decrepit.     Broken  down  and  weakened  by  old  age. 
Ill;  not  well. 
Growing  weak  or  faint. 
Afflicted  with  or  pertaining  to  dyspepsia. 
Pertaining  to  a  disease  peculiar  to  a  locality. 
Contagious  and  afflicting  great  numbers. 
Growing  weak  or  faint. 

Laboring  for  breath  or  respiring  convulsively. 
Tending  to  stop  the  progress. 


Diseased 

Drooping. 

Dyspeptic. 

Endemic. 

Epidemic. 

Flagging. 

Gasping. 

Halting. 

Healthless.     Without  health. 

Hors  de  combat  [F.].     Disabled  from  fighting;   wounded. 

111.     Not  well;  not  in  a  normal  condition  of  health. 

Ill  of.     Sick  of. 

In  a  bad  way.     Seriously  ill. 

Incurable,  etc.     Not  to  be  made  well.     See  Sanguineness-Hope- 

lessness. 
In  danger.     In  a  state  of  exposure  to  injury,  pain,  or  disease. 
In  declining  health.     In  failing  health. 
Indisposed.     Slightly  out  of  health. 
Infirm.     Weak;  not  strong. 
In  hospital.     Sick;  ill. 
Invalided.     Made  like  an  invalid. 
Laid  up.     Unable  to  work  or  be  about. 
Lame.     Crippled  or  disabled  in  limb. 
Leprous.     Afflicted  with  or  pertaining  to  leprosy. 


Lay  by.     To  discard. 

Lay  up.     To  confine  in  bed. 

Peak.     To  look  thin  and  ill. 

Pine.     To  grow  weak  and  thin  from  disease  or  anxiety. 

Sicken.     To  become  ill. 

Suffer.     To  endure  or  undergo  pain,  illness,  or  the  like. 

Take  a  disease,  etc.     To  become  infected  with  a  disease,  etc.     Se« 

Nouns. 
Take  an  infection.     To  become  infected  with  a  disease. 

■Adjectives. 
Mangy.     Infected  with  mange,  a  skin  disease. 
Morbid.     Not  sound  or  healthful;   abnormal. 
Morbific,  etc.     Causing  disease,  etc.     See  Refuge-Pitfall 
Moribund,  etc.     At  the  point  of  death,  etc.     See  Life-Deat. 
Morose.     Of  a  sour,  ill-natured  temper.  . 

On  the  sick  list.     Among  the  sick. 
Out  of  health.     Ill;  not  well. 
Out  of  sorts.     Unwell. 
Palsied.     Affected  with  palsy. 
Paralytic.     Afflicted  with  paralysis. 
Peccant.     Morbid;  not  healthy. 
Poisoned.     Infected  with  poison;  made  corrupt. 
Poorly.     Indisposed;  slightly  unwell. 
Prostrate.     Deprived  of  strength. 
Rotten.     Decaying;  unsound. 

Rotten  at  the  core.     Unsound  at  the  most  important  part. 
Rotten  to  the  core.     Completely  unsound. 
Seasick.     Sick  from  the  motion  of  a  ship. 
Seedy.     Old  and  worn  out. 
Seized  with.     Invaded  with  suddenly. 
Sick.     Affected  with  disease;  ill. 
Sickly.     Unhealthy;  not  well. 

Spavin.     A  hard  tumor  or  swelling  in  the  hough  of  a  horse 
Squeamish.     Having  a  stomach  that  is  easily  turned. 
Tabid.     Pertaining  to  progressive  emaciation  of  the  body. 
Tainted.     Corrupted;  spoiled. 
Taken  ill.     Become  ill. 
Touched  in  the  wind.     Short  of  breath. 
Unbraced.     Loosened;  relaxed.  . 

Unhealthy.     Sickly;  not  well. 
Unsound.     Not  strong. 
Unwell.     Somewhat  ill;  indisposed. 
Valetudinary.     Infirm;  weak;  sickly. 
Vitiated.     Injured;  spoiled. 
Weakened,  etc.  Made  less  in  strength,  etc. 
Weakly,  etc.     With  little  strength,  etc. 
Withered.     Dried  up;  passing  away. 

Zymotic.     Pertaining  to  disease  caused  by  a  morbific  principle  acting 
like  a  ferment. 


See  Strength-Weakness, 

See  Strength-Weakness. 


health'-ful.    Salubrious.    Health-Sickness,  Healthi- 
ness-Unhealthiness. 


health'-i-ness.      The   state   of  being  sound   and   well. 
Healthiness-Unhealthiness. 


HEALTHINESS— UNHEALTHINESS. 


Fine  air.     Healthful  air. 

Fine  climate.     Climate  conducive  to  good  health. 
Healthiness,  etc.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  healthy. 
Hygiene.     The  science  of  health. 
Salubrity.     The  quality  of  being  salubrious. 
Sanitarian.     One  who  promotes  laws  for  sanitary  reform. 
Valetudinarian.     One  who  is  seeking  to  get  well. 
Valetudinarianism.     The  state  of  being  a  valetudinarian. 

Healthiness — Associated  Nouns. 

Endiometer.     An  instrument  for  testing  purity  of  air 
Sanitarium.     A  place  where  sick  people  are  treated. 

Healthiness — Verbs. 
&gree  with.     To  have  a  good  effect  upon. 
Assimilate,  etc.     To   transform,   as  food,   into  bodily  tissue.     See 

Harmony. 
Be  salubrious,  etc.     See  A  djectives. 

Healthiness — Adjectives. 

Benign.     Propitious;  mild. 
Bracing.     Giving  strength  or  vigor 
Good  for.     Beneficial  to. 
Harmless.     Incapable  of  doing  harm. 
Healthful.     Conducive  to  good  health. 


Contagion.     The   communication    of   disease    from    one    person   to 

another. 
Death  in  the  pot.     A  hidden  cause  of  death ,  as  a  poison. 
Insalubrity.     The  quality  of  being  unhealthy. 
Malaria,  etc.     A  condition  of  unwholesomeness;  unhealthy  air,  etc 

See  Remedy-Bane. 
Non-naturals.     Things   not   constituting   being,   but    necessary    to 

existence. 
Plague  spot.     A  mark  denoting  a  person  having  the  plague. 
Unhealthiness,  etc.     The  condition  or  quality  of  being  unhealthy  ( 

etc.     See  Adjectives.  * 

Unhealthiness — Adjectives. 
Azotic.     Incapable  of  supporting  life. 
Catching.     Infectious. 

Contagious.     Liable  to  be  communicated  by  contact. 
Deadly,  etc.     Causing  death.     See  Life-Killing. 
Deleterious.     Destructive  or  unwholesome. 
Envenomed .     Infused  with  venom . 
Epidemic.     Affecting  a  large  number  of  people. 
Epizootic.     Affecting  a  large  number  of  animals. 
Indigestible.     Incapable  of  being  converted  into  food. 
Infectious.     Easily  communicable  by  contact  or  otherwise;  liable  to 

transmit  disease. 
Innutritious.     Not  nourishing. 
Insalubrious.     Not  conducive  to  good  health. 


HEALTHINESS. 


489 


HEARING— DEAFNESS. 


HEALTHINESS— XJXHliALTlUNESS— Continued. 


HEALTHINESS— Aujbctivks— Continued. 

Healthy.     Having  good  health. 

Hygeian.     Relating  to  health  or  hygiene 

Hygienic.     Pertaining  to  hygiene. 

Innocent.     Harmless. 

Innocuous.     Having  no  injurious  qualities. 

Innoxious.     Not  liable  to  injure. 

Invigorating.     Imparting  vigor. 

Nutritious.     Able  to  build  up  animal  tissue. 

Prophylactic.     Having  power  to  prevent  disease. 

Restorative,  etc.     Having  power  to  restore.     See  Renovation. 

Salubrious.     Contributing  to  health  and  bodily  strength. 

Salutary.     Promoting  health. 

Salutif  erous .     Producing  good  health . 

Sanative.     Tending  to  heal  or  cure. 

Sanitary.     Pertaining  to  the  preservation  of  health;  also  sanative. 

Tonic.     Having  power  to  give  bodily  strength. 


Uninfectious.  \ 


Not  able  to  cause  disease. 


Uninjurious.  ) 

Useful,  etc.     Producing  good,  etc.     See  Usefulness, 

Wholesome.     Producing  and  advancing  good  health. 


UNHEALTHINESS— Adjectives— Continued. 

Mephitic.     Having  the  quality  of  mephitis ;  exhaling  poisor 

Morbiferous.     Developing  disease. 

Morbific.     See  Morbiferous. 

Narcotic       Producing  insensibility  or  stupor. 

Noisome.     Offensive  and  injurious. 

Noxious.     Liable  to  cause  injury  to  health. 

Pestiferous.     Bringing  pestilence  or  disease. 

Pestilent.     Engendering  malignant  diseases. 

Pestilential.     Having  the  nature  of  a  pestilence. 

Poisonous.     Containing  or  having  the  effect  of  poison. 

Septic.     Causing  putrefaction. 

Taking.     Catching. 

Toxic.     Poisonous. 

Uncongenial.     Not  suited  to  one's  temperament. 

Ungenial.     Not  imparting  life  and  health. 

Unhealthy.     Not  in  good  health ;  not  productive  of  good  health. 

Unwholesome.     Not  producing  or  promoting  good  health. 

Venomous.     Containing  or  having  effect  of  venom ;  poisonous. 

Virulent.     Exceedingly  poisonous. 

Zymotic.     Pertaining  to  morbific  fermentation. 


health'-less.     Without  health.     Health-Sickness. 

health'-y.  Well;  having  health.  Health-Sickness, 
Healthiness-Unhealthiness. 

heap.  A  collection  of  things  thrown  together  in  a  pile; 
a  great  number.  Excess-Lack,  Gathering-Scat- 
tering, Magnitude-Smallness,  Store;  rubbish 
heap,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

hear.  To  perceive  sound;  receive  tidings.  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy, Hearing-Deafness;  hear  a  cause, 
Decision-Misjudgment,    Litication;    hear,    hear, 


Approval-Disapproval;    hear    out,    Heed-Disre 
gard;  not  hear  of,  Proffer-Refusal. 

hear'-er.     One  who  hears.     Hearing-Deafness. 

hear'-ing.  The  capacity  to  hear.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Hearing-Deafness,  Litigation;  gain  a 
hearing,  Dominance-Impotence;  give  a  hearing, 
Hearing-Deafness;  hard  of  hearing,  Hearing- 
Deafness;  out  of  hearing,  Remoteness-Nearness; 
within  hearing,  Remoteness-Nearness. 


HEARING— DEAFNESS. 


Audibility.     The  quality  of  being  capable  to  be  heard. 

Audition.     The  sense  of  hearing. 

Auscultation.     An  audition;  a  listening. 

Eavesdropping.     Secret  listening. 

Hearing,  etc.     The  capacity  to  perceive  sound, etc.     See  Verbs. 

Hearing — Nouns  of  Agent, 

Audience.     An  assemblage  of  listeners. 

Auditor.     One  who  hears;  who  has  the  capacity  to  perceive  sound. 

Eavesdropper.     One  who  listens  by  stealth. 

Hearer.     One  who  listens. 

Listener.     One  who  hears. 

Hearing — Nouns  of  Instrument* 

Acute  ear.     An  ear  that  hears  well. 

Auditory.     An  auditorium ;  an  audience  room. 

Correct  ear.  \  An   ear    that    can   distinguish    slight   differences   in 

Delicate  ear./      sounds. 

Ear  for  music.     A  musical  ear. 

Ear-trumpet.     An  instrument  made  to  collect  sound,  for  the  deaf. 

Microphone.  An  instrument  used  for  reproducing  and  vastly  in- 
creasing a  slight  sound. 

Musical  ear.     An  ear  that  can  observe  distinctions  of  musical  sounds. 

Nice  ear.     An  ear  that  is  able  to  distinguish  distinctions  of  sound. 

Phonograph.     An  instrument  for  recording  and  reproducing  sounds. 

Quick  ear.  j  An  ear  that  y  &Ue  tQ  detect  sl;ght  sounds. 

Sharp  ear.  > 

Speaking  trumpet.  A  trumpet-Hke  instrument  by  which  sound  can 
be  projected  great  distances. 

Telephone.     An  instrument  for  transmitting  sound. 

Hearing — Organs  of  Hearing. 
Acoustic  organs.     Organs  for  hearing. 
Auditory  apparatus.     The  device  for  hearing. 
Auricle.     The  prima;  the  external  ear. 
Ear.     The  organ  of  hearing. 
Ear-drum.     The  membrane  separating  the  outer  from  the  middle 

ear;  the  tympanum. 
Lug.     The  lobe  of  the  ear. 
Tympanum.     The  ear-drum. 

Hearing — Verbs. 
Be  all  ear.     To  pay  very  close  attention. 
Become  audible.     To  get  into  a  state  to  be  heard. 
Be  heard.     To  be  audible. 
Bend  an  ear.     To  listen;  to  pay  attention 


Deaf-mute.     One  lacking  the  power  of  hearing  and  speaking. 

Deafness.     Inability  to  hear. 

Hardness  of  hearing.     Difficulty  to  perceive  sound. 

Inaudibility.     The  state  or  quality  of  not  being  heard. 

Surdity.     Deafness. 

Deafness — Verbs. 

Be  deaf,  etc.     To  be  unable  to  hear,  etc.     See  Adjectives, 

Close  one 's  ears  to.     Pay  no  attention  to. 

Deafen.     To  render  deaf. 

Have  no  ear.     Not  to  have  the  ability  to  hear. 

Render  deaf.     To  make  deaf. 

Shut  one's  ears  to.  1  « 

„,  ,  .      f  Pay  no  attention  to. 

Stop  ones  ears  to.  i 

Stun.     To  deaden  the  sense  of  hearing. 

Turn  a  deaf  ear  to.     To  pay  no  attention  to. 

Deafness — Adjectives. 
Deaf.     Lacking  the  sense  of  hearing. 
Deaf  as  a  beetle. 
Deaf  as  an  adder. 
Deaf  as  a  post. 
Deaf  as  a  trunk-maker. 
Deafened.     Made  deaf. 

Dull  of  hearing.     Lacking  some  power  of  hearing. 
Earless.     Without  ears;  deaf. 

Hard  of  hearing.     Having  one's  hearing  powers  impaired 
Inaudible.     Without  sound. 
Out  of  hearing.     Too  far  away  to  be  heard. 
Stone  deaf.     Totally  deaf. 

Stunned.     Overpowered  as  to  one's  sense  of  hearing 
Surd.     Deaf. 


Entirely  deaf . 


HEARING— Verbs— Continued. 

Catch  a  sound.     To  hear  a  sound. 

Catch  the  ear.     To  become  audible. 

Fall  upon  the  ear.     To  be  heard. 

Give  a  hearing.     To  grant  permission  to  speak  to. 

Give  an  ear.     To  listen. 

Give  audience.     To  grant  permission  to  speak  to. 

Hang  upon  the  lips  of.     To  pay  very  close  attention. 

Hark.     \  T  .  . 

Harken.lLlsten- 

Hear.     To  be  able  to  perceive  souna. 

Lend  an  ear.     To  listen. 


HEARING. 


490 


HEAT— COLD. 


List.     To  hear;  harken. 
Listen.     To  pay  close  attention ;  to  harken. 
Listen  with  both  ears.     To  listen  closely;  sharply. 
Meet  the  ear.     To  be  heard. 


Acoustic. 
Auditoiy. 


Pertaining  to  the  sense  of  hearing. 
Relating  to  hearing. 


H  EARI NG — Vzrbs— Continued. 

Overhear.     To  hear  words  not  intended  for  the  hearer. 
•  Prick  up  one's  ears.     To  endeavor  to  hear. 
Reach  the  ear.     To  be  heard. 

Ring  in  the  ears,  etc.     To  resound,  etc.     See  Resonance. 
Hearing — Adjectives. 

Auricular.     Aural;  pertaining  to  the  ear. 

Hearing,  etc.     Pertaining  to  the  sense  of  hearing.     See  Verbs. 
Hearing — Adverbs. 
Arrectis  auribus  [L.].     With  pricked  up  ears,  with  attentive  ears.  Earwise.     Through  the  ear;  by  hearing. 

Hearing — Interjections. 
Hark!   hark  yel   hearl   listen!    Oyezl   oyez!     A   call  commanding  attention  to  a  proclamation. 

hear'-say".     Common  talk.     Tidings-Mystery. 

hearse.  A  vehicle  for  carrying  the  dead  to  the  grave. 
Conveyance-Vessel. 

heart.  Courage;  love;  the  essential  or  vital  part  of 
anything;  the  seat  of  the  affections  and  passions. 
Affections,  Anatomy,  Bravery-Cowardice,  Cen- 
ter, Consequence-Insignificance,  Love-Hate, 
Mind-Imbecility,  Outside-Inside,  Readiness-Re- 
luctance, Subjectiveness-Objectiveness;  at 
heart,  Affections,  Emotion;  beating  heart,  Emo- 
tion, Excitation;  break  the  heart,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness;  by  heart,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness;  do  one's  heart  good,  Affections, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  from  bottom  of 
heart,  Truthfulness-Falsehood;  go  to  one's  heart, 
Excitation;  have  a  place  in  the  heart,  Love-Hate; 
heart  and  soul,  Affections,  Determination-Vacil- 
lation, Emotion,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance, Toil- Relaxation;  heart  bleed- 
ing for,  Compassion-Ruthlessness;  heart  expand- 
ing, Emotion  ;  heart  failing  one,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Sanguineness-Timidity;  heart  in  hand, 
Readiness-Reluctance;  heart  in  the  right  place, 
Charitableness-Malevolence;  heart  leaping  into 
one's  mouth,  Excitation;  heart  leaping  with  joy, 
Jubilation-Lamentation,  Pleasure-Pain  ;  heart  of 
grace,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  heart  of  hearts, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  heart  of  oak,  Bra- 
very-Cowardice, Hardness-Softness,  Strength- 
Weakness;  heart  of  stone,  Excitation,  Favorite- 
Quarrelsomeness;  heart's  core,  Affections,  Mind- 
Imbecility;  heart  sinking,  Sanguineness-Timidity; 
heart  swelling,  Emotion,  Excitation;  in  good  heart, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  know  by  heart, 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Remembrance-Forget- 
fulness;  lay  to  heart,  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion;  learn  by  heart,  Education-Misteaching;  lift 
up  the  heart,  Devotion-Idolatry;  lose  heart,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection;  lose  one's  heart,  Love- 
Hate;  man  after  one's  own  heart,  Amity-Hostility; 
nearest  to  one's  heart,  Love-Hate  ;  not  find  it  in  one's 
heart,  Readiness-Reluctance;  put  one's  heart  into, 
Determination-Vacillation;  set  one's  heart  upon, 
Desire  -  Distaste,  Determination  -  Vacillation  ; 
take  heart,  Bravery-Cowardice,  Contentedness- 

DlSCONTENTMENT,       SaNGUINENESS  -  HOPELESSNESS  ; 

take  to  heart,  Contentedness-Discontentment, 
Favorite-Anger,  Lightheartedness  -  Dejection, 
Sensitiveness- Apathy;  to  one's  heart's  content, 
Contentedness-Discontentment,  Enough,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance, warm  heart,  Sensitiveness; 
wind  around  the  heart,  Love-Hate;  with  a  heavy 
heart,  Readiness-Reluctance;  with  all  one's  heart, 
Readiness-Reluctance. 
heart'-ache".     Mental  anguish.     Pleasure-Pain. 


heart'-break"-ing.  Extremely  distressing.  Emotion, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

heart'-brok"-en.     Deeply  affected.      Pleasure-Pain. 

heart'-burn"-ing.  Discontent;  secret  enmity.  Amity- 
Hostility,  Contentedness-Discontentment,  Con- 
tentedness-Regret,  Favorite-Anger. 

heart'-cor-rod"-ing.  Affecting  by  injurious  influences. 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

heart'-felt".  Very  sincere.  Emotion,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness. 

heart'-har"-row-ing.  Preying  on  the  feelings.  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness. 

hearth.  A  fireplace;  the  home.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion, Oven-Refrigerator. 

hearth'-stone".  A  stone  laid  to  form  a  hearth.  Dwell- 
er-Habitation. 

heart'-i-ly.     With  the  whole  heart.     Emotion. 

heart'-i-ness.  Cordiality.  Emotion,  Sociability- 
Privacy. 

heart'-less.  Destitute  of  sympathy;  pitiless.  Sensi- 
tiveness-Apathy, Virtue-Vice. 

heart'-quake".  Nervousness  from  fear.  Sanguine- 
ness-Timidity. 

heart'-rend"-ing.  Very  distressing.  Pleasurable 
ness-Painfulness. 

hearts'-ease".  The  pansy.  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment. 

heart'-shaped".  Like  the  heart  in  form.  Curvature- 
Rectilinearity.  ' 

heart'-sick".  Sick  of;  deeply  grieved.  Desire-Dis- 
taste,  Desire-Repletion. 

heart'-sick"-en-ing.  Causing  deep  grief.  Pleasur- 
ableness-Painfulness. 

heart'-sink"-ing.  Depression  of  mind.  Sanguineness- 
Timidity. 

heart'-some".     Merry.     Sanguineness-Timidity. 

heart'-strick"-en.  Overwhelmed  with  grief.  Pleac- 
ure-Pain. 

heart'-strings",  tear  the.  To  lacerate  the  feelings. 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

heart'-swell"-ing.  Causing  the  heart  to  swell.  Favo- 
rite-Anger. 

heart'-wound"-ing.  Affecting  the  feelings.  Pleasi  r- 
ableness-Painfulness. 

heart'-y.  Cordial;  full  of  health.  Amity-Hostility, 
Emotion,  Health-Sickness,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Readiness-Reluctance;  hearty  laugh, 
Jubilation-Lamentation;  hearty  meal,  Nutriment- 
Excretion;  hearty  reception,  Sociability-Privacy. 

heat.  A  form  of  energy  manifested  by  a  rise  of  tem- 
perature; a  single  course  of  a  race;  excitement;  to 
make  hot.  Excitation,  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility,  Heat-Cold,  Heating-Cooling,  Strife- 
Peace;  dead  heat,  Equality-Inequality;  heat  of 
passion,  Favorite-Anger. 


HEAT— COLD. 


Afric  heat.     Great  heat ,  like  that  in  Africa. 

Bengal  heat.     Great  heat,  like  that  in  Bengal. 

Bloodheat.     Heat  equal  to  the  temperature  of  human  blood,  or  about 

98  w. 

Calidity.     Heat;  state  of  warmth. 


■  Moderate  degree  of  coldness. 


Chill. 

Chilliness,  i 
Cold.     The  absence  of  heat  or  warmth. 

Coldness,  etc.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  cold.  etc.      See  Adjec- 
tives. 


HEAT— COLD. 


491 


HEAT— COLD. 


HEAT— COLD—  Continued. 


Calorescence.     A  kind  of  generation  of  heat. 

Caloric.     A  general  term  for  heat. 

Fervor.     Excessive  warmth,  heat. 

Fever.     A  diseased  condition  marked  by  increased  heat. 

Flush.     A  rush  of  blood  to  the  face. 

Glow.     White  or  red  heat. 

Heat.     A  form  of  energy  manifested  by  a  rise  of  temperature  and 

expansion. 
Hectic.     Fever  heat. 
Incalescence.     Increasing  heat. 
Incandescence.     White  heat. 

Summer  heat.     The  heat  of  the  warmest  part  of  the  year. 
Temperature.     Degree  of  heat  or  cold. 
Tropical  heat.     Heat  characteristic  of  tropical  regions. 
Warmth.     The  state  of  possessing  gentle  heat. 
White  heat.     The  heat  given  off  by  anything  heated  to  whiteness. 

Heat — Scientific  Nouns. 

Phlogiston.     The  supposed  principle  of  inflammability. 
Pyrology.     A  treatise  on  heat. 
Pyrotechny.     The  art  of  making  fireworks. 
Thermology.     A  treatise  on  heat. 

Thermometer,  etc.     An  instrument  to  measure  rise  or  fall  of  tem- 
perature, etc.     See  Thermometer. 
Thermotics.     The  science  of  heat. 

Heat — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Baking,  etc.     The  act  of  cooking  in  a  dry  heat.     See  Heating. 

Blaze.     Intense  direct  light  accompanied  with  heat. 

Bonfire.     A  large  fire  built  in  the  open  air;  a  glad  fire. 

Broiling  sun.     A  condition  in  which  so  much  heat  conies  from  the 

sun  as  to  seem  to  broil  things. 
Devouring  element.     Fire . 

Fire.     The  evolution  of  light  and  heat  in  the  combustion  of  bodies. 
Firework.     A  device  for  producing  a  display  of  light,  or  figures  in 

colored  fire,  by  the  combustion  of  materials  that  burn  in  a  peculiar 

manner. 
Flame.     A  stream  of  burning  vapor  or  gas,  emitting  light  and  heat. 
Flash .     A  sudden  burst  of  light . 
•   Insolation.     The  process  of  exposing  to  the  rays  of  the  sun  for  the 

purpose  of  drying. 
Lambent  flame.     A  flame  playing  lightly  on  the  surface. 
Scintillation.     A  spark  or  flash. 
Sheet  of  fire.     I  ■■»_,»*.  *  •    ..-    . 

Sheet  of  flame  )         e  *na*  occurs  in  tmn  broad  portions. 

Simoom.     A  hot,  dry  wind  that  blows  in  Arabia  and  Syria  and  the 

neighboring  countries. 
Sirocco.     A  hot,  oppressive  wind  blowing  from  the  Libyan  deserts. 
Spark.     A  flash  of  fire. 

Summer.     The  warmest  portion  of  the  year. 
Sun.     The  universe's  source  of  light  and  heat. 
Warming,  etc.     The  act  of  heating  gradually.     See  Heating. 
Wildfire.     A  composition   of  inflammable    materials  which   when 

kindled  is  very  hard  to  quench. 

Heat — Verbs: 

Bask.     To  lie  in  genial  warmth. 

Be  hot,  etc.     To  be  in  a  state  of  heat,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Blaze.     To  burn  with  a  bright  flame. 

Boil.     To  heat  a  liquid  until  it  bubbles  and  vaporizes. 

Broil.     To  cook  by  being  placed  directly  over  hot  coals. 

Burn.     To  consume  with  fire. 

Flame .     To  burn  so  as  to  cause  illumination . 

Flush.     To  make  or  become  red  and  glowing. 

Fume      To  smoke  or  throw  off  vapor. 

Give.     To  yield  or  emit  sparks. 

Glow.     To  shine  with  intense  heat. 

Heat,  etc.     To  cause  to  become  hot,  etc.     See  Heating. 

Pant.     To  beat  or  throb  with  unnatural  violence. 

Parch.     To  burn  or  dry  up  the  surface  of. 

Reek.     To  steam ;  emit  a  warm,  moist  vapor. 

Seethe.     To  be  hot;  boil. 

Simmer.     To  boil  gently. 

Smoke.     To  emit  a  visible  vapor  as  a  result  of  combustion. 

Smo'der.     To  burn  by  slow  combustion. 

Stew.     To  boil  slowly. 

Sweat.     To  excrete  moisture  from  the  pores  of  the  skin,  to  perspire . 

Swelter.     To  be  faint  with  heat. 

Thaw.     To  melt. 

Heat — Adjectives. 
Ablaze.     On  fire. 
Afire.     Burning. 


Fresco  [It.].     A  cool  and  refreshing  state  of  air. 
Frigidity.     The  condition  or  quality  of  lacking  warmth. 
Inclemency.     Severe  coldness;  want  of  warmth. 

Cold — Denotations. 

Chattering  of  teeth.   Noise  made  by  collision  of  the  teeth  in  shivering 

Depth  of  winter.     The  coldest  part  of  the  year. 

Fall  of  snow.     Descent  of  snow. 

Floe-berg.     A  large  mass  of  floating  ice. 

Frost.     Frozen  dew. 

Glacier.     A  large  field  or  stream  of  ice. 

Goose-skin.     A  roughness  of  the  skin  produced  by  cold. 

Hail.     Frozen  rain. 

Hailstone.     A  single  particle  of  ice  falling  from  a  cloud. 

Hard  frost.     Very  thick  frost. 

Hard  winter.     A  winter  of  severe  cold. 

Heavy  fall.     Fall  of  much  snow. 

Hoarfrost.     The  white  particles  foimed  by  the  freezing  of  dew. 

Horripiliation.     A  bristling  of  the  hair  resulting  from  chilliness. 

Ice.     Water  reduced  to  a  solid  state  by  cold. 

Iceberg.     A  large  mass  of  ice  floating  in  the  ocean 

Ice-floe.     A  mass  of  floating  ice. 

Icicle.  A  pendent  mass  of  ice  formed  by  the  freezing  of  dripping 
water. 

Nevte  [F.|.     The  upper  part  of  a  glacier. 

Nova  Zembla.     Two  islands  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  north  of  Russia 

Rigor.     A  sense  of  chilliness,  with  contraction  of  the  skin. 

Rime.     Frozen  dew  or  vapor. 

Serac  [F.|.     A  large  block  into  which  a  glacier  breaks. 

Sharp  frost.     A  severe  frost. 

Shivering.     A  trembling  or  shaking  from  cold. 

Siberia.  A  country  of  Northern  Russia  in  Asia,  marked  by  its  ex- 
treme coldness. 

Sleet.     Hail  or  snow,  mingled  and  driven  by  the  wind. 

Snow.  Watery  particles  frozen  into  white  or  transparent  crystals  in 
the  air. 

Snow-crystal.     A  single  particle  of  snow. 

Snowdrift.     A  bank  of  drifted  snow. 

Snowflake.     A  small  filmy  mass  of  snow. 

Thick-ribbed  ice.  Thick  ice.  "Thrilling  region  of,"  etc.  {Measurt 
for  Measure ,  III.  i.] 

White  frost.     Hoarfrost. 

Winter.     The  coldest  season  of  the  year. 

Cold — Verbs. 
Be  cold,  etc.     To  be  deprived  of  warmth,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 


See  Heating-Cooling. 


Chill,  etc.     To  affect  with  cold.  etc. 
Didder.     To  shiver  with  cold. 
Perish  with  cold.     To  die  of  cold 
Quake.     To  tremble  with  cold. 
Quiver.     To  shake  with  cold. 
Shake.     To  tremble  with  cold. 
Shiver.     To  shake  with  cold. 
Shudder.     To  tremble  or  quake. 
Starve.     To  perish  or  die  with  cold. 
Tremble.     To  shake  or  shiver. 


Cold — Adjectives. 
Aguish.     Somewhat  cold. 
Algid.     Very  cold. 

Arctic.     Cold;  frigid:  pertaining  to  the  northern  region*. 
Biting.     Sharp;  severe. 
Bitter.     Characterized  by  severity. 
Bleak.     Cold  and  sweeping. 
Boreal.     Pertaining  to  the  north  or  north  wind. 
Brumal.     Pertaining  to  the  winter. 
Chill.     Moderately  cold. 
Chilly.     Disagreeably  cold. 
Clay-cold.     Cold  as  clay  or  earth 
Cold.     Deprived  of  heat;  frigid;  not  warm. 
Cold  as  a  frog. 


Cold  as  a  stone. 
Cold  as  charity. 
Cold  as  Christmas. 
Cold  as  iron. 
Cold  as  lead. 
Cold  as  marble. 


Very  cold. 


Cool.     Moderately  cold. 

Cool  as  a  cucumber.)  « 

,        r  bxpn 


Cool  as  a  custard 

Cutting.     Chilling. 

Freezing.     Becoming  congealed  by  cold. 


essions  for  moderate  coldness. 


HEAT— COLD. 


492 


HEATING— COOLING, 


HEAT— COLD— Continued. 


HEAT — Adjectives — Continued. 


Hot. 


Alight.     Lighted  up. 

Ardent.     Burning,  having  the  appearance  of  fire. 
Baking,  etc.     Being  heated  and  dry,  etc.     See  Heating. 
Blazing,  etc .     Emitting  flame  or  light,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Blood-hot.      t  of  the  temperature  of  normal  blood,  about  98  M°> 

Blood-warm.  > 

Burning-hot,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Calorific.     Causing  or  producing  heat. 

Candent.     Glowing  white  with  heat. 

Canicular.     Pertaining  to  the  dog-days. 

Close.     Oppressive  and  stifling. 

Ebullient.     Boiling  over. 

Estival.     Pertaining  to  the  summer. 

Fervent.     Hot;  glowing. 

Fervid.     Very  hot;  burning. 

Fiery.     Like  fire;  burning. 

Genial.     Comfortably  warm. 

Glowing.     Shining  with  intense  heat. 

Hot.     Having  sensible  heat;  excessively  warm. 

Hot  as  fire.  "| 

Hot  as  pepper.  ^Degrees  of  heat. 

Hot  enough  to  roast  an  ox.  J 

Igneous.     Pertaining  to  or  resembling  fire. 

In  a  blaze. 

In  a  fever. 

In  a  glow. 

In  a  heat. 

In  a  perspiration. 

In  a  sweat. 

Incalescent.     Increasing  in  heat. 

Incandescent.     White  with  heat. 

Inflames.     On  fire;  burning. 

Isotheral.      Running  through  places  of  equal  summer  heat. 

Isothermal.     Pertaining  to  an  isotherm ,  or  line  of  equal  heat. 

Isothermic .      Having  the  nature  of  an  isotherm. 

Like  a  furnace.  \ 

Like  an  oven. 

Lukewarm.     Moderately  warm. 

Mild.     Neither  hot  nor  cold. 

On  fire.     Burning. 

Oppressive.     Overwhelming;  heavy. 

Piping -hot.     Boiling;  simmering. 

Plutonic.     Burning;  fiery. 

Red  hot.     Heated  to  redness. 

Reeking,  etc.     Emitting  a  warm,  moist  vapor,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Smoking.     Emitting  a  visible  vapor  as  a  result  of  combustion. 

Smoking-hot,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Smoldering.     Burning  slowly. 

Stifling.     Very  hot  and  close  so  as  to  make  breathing  difficult. 

Stuffy.     Close;  ill- ventilated;  stifling. 

Sudorific.     Causing  sweat. 

Suffocating.     Stopping  respiration ;  stifling. 

Sultry.     Hot  and  moist. 

Sunny.     Exposed  to  the  rays  of  the  sun. 

Sweltered.     Oppressed  with  heat. 

Sweltering.     Oppressively  hot. 

Tepid.     Moderately  warm. 


■}very 


hot. 


COLD — Adjectives — Continued. 
Fresh.     Cool;  brisk. 
Frigid.     Cold;  wanting  heat. 
Frost-bitten.  ~\ 

Frost-bound.  >-  Injured  by  freezing. 
Frost-nipped.  J 

Frosty.     Cold  enough  to  congeal  water. 
Frozen  out.     Affected  by  freezing. 
Gelid.     Very  cold. 
Glacial.     Pertaining  to  a  glacier. 
Hibernal.     Wintry;  cold. 
Hyemal.     Belonging  to  winter. 

Icy.     Cold  like  ice;  frigid. 

Ice-bound.     Totally  surrounded  by  ice. 

Inclement.     Severe;  rigorously  cold. 

Isocheimal.     \  Pertaining  to  an  imaginary  line  connecting  all  place 

IsocheimenaD       of  an  equal  winter  temperature. 

Keen.     Sharp;  biting. 

Lukewarm.     Neither  hot  nor  cold. 

Nipping.     Checking  the  growth  of,  as  by  frost. 

Niveous.     Resembling  snow. 

Piercing.     Penetrating. 

Pinching.     Biting. 

Raw.     Piercingly  cold  and  damp. 

Shivering,  etc.     Trembling.    See  Verbs. 

Siberian.     Pertaining  to  or  like  Siberia. 

Starved,  etc.     Made  cold.     See  Heating-Cooling. 

Tepid.     Lukewarm. 

Transi  de  jroid  [F.J.     Chilled  with  cold. 

Unthawed.     Not  melted. 

Unwarmed.     Not  warmed;  chilly. 

Wintry.     Like  winter;  chilly. 

Cold — Adverbs,  etc. 

A  pierre  fendre  [F.].     Cold  enough  to  break  stone. 
Bitterly,  etc.     In  a  cold  and  chilly  manner.     See  Adjectives. 
Coldly.     In  a  cold  manner. 


HEAT — Adjectives — Continued. 

Thermic1;}  PertaininS  to  heat- 

Torrid.     Violently  hot. 

Tropical.     Pertaining  to  the  tropics. 

Unextinguished.     Not  put  out. 

Unfrozen.     Not  frozen. 

Unquenched.     Not  extinguished. 

Volcanic.     Pertaining  to  a  volcano. 

Warm.     Possessing  a  moderate  degree  of  heat. 

Warm  as  toast.     Hot. 

Warm  as  wool.     Moderately  warm . 

White-hot.     Incandescent. 

Heat — Phrase. 
Not  a  breath  of  air.     A  stifling  hotness. 


heat'-ed.  Made  hot.  Heating-Cooling;  heated  fancy, 
Fancy;  heated  imagination,  Fancy. 

heat'-er.  One  who  or  that  which  heats.  Oven-Re- 
frigerator. 

heath.  An  uncultivated  tract  covered  with  coarse 
herbage;  a  plant.     Fauna-Flora,  Gulf-Plain. 

hea'-then.  Pagan;  irreligion.  Godliness-Ungodli- 
ness, Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy;  heathen  mythology, 
Jove-Fiend. 


heath '-en-dom.  Heathenism.  Orthodoxy  -  Hetero- 
doxy. 

hea'-then-ish.  Rude.  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Taste- 
Vulgarity. 

hea'-then-ism.    Paganism.    Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

heath'-er.  Heath;  a  moor.  Fauna-Flora,  Gilf- 
Plain. 

heat'-ing.     The  act  of  making  hot.    Heating-Cooling 


HEATING— COOLING. 


Accension.     The  act  of  Idndling  or  the  state  of  being  ignited. 

Adustion.     The  act  or  process  of  burning  or  parching. 

Arson.     Malicious  destruction  of  buildings  by  burning. 

Boiling.     See  Verbs. 

Burning.     See  Verbs. 

Calcination.     The  process  of  rendering  a  substance  friable  by  the 

action  of  heat. 
Calefaction.     The  process  of  warming  or  heating  or  the  state  of  being 

heated. 
Carbonization.     Reducing  to  carbon  as  by  the  action  of  fire 


Congelation.     The  act  or  process  of  becoming  a  solid  by  reason  ol 

cold. 
Conglaciation.     The  act  or  process  of  freezing  solid. 
Cooling,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Extincteur  IF  fl.     A  portable  fire-extinguisher. 
Fire-annihilator.     Fire  annihilator. 

Fire-brigade.     The  whole  number  of  firemen  of  a  town  or  district- 
Fireman.     One  whose  business  is  to  extinguish  fire. 
Freezing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Ice,  etc.     Frozen  water,  etc.     See  Heat-Cold. 


HEATING— COOLING. 


493 


HEATING. 


H  E  ATI  NG— COOLING— Continued. 


Cauterization.     Burning  or  searing  with  a  caustic  or  hot  iron. 
Cautery.     The  burning  of  the  flesh  to  prevent  bleeding  or  the  spread 

of  a  disease. 
Cineration.     The  reducing  of  anything  to  ashes  by  burning. 
Coction.     The  process  of  boiling. 

Combustibility.     The  quality  of  being  capable  of  being  burned. 
Combustion.     The  operation  of  burning. 
Concremation.     The  burning  of  different  things  together. 
Conflagration.     An  extensive  fire. 
Cremation,     The  process  of  burning  dead  bodies. 
Decoction.     The  process  of  boiling  anything,  generally  in  water. 
Deflagration.     The  act  of  causing  to  burn  suddenly. 
Ebullition.     The  boiling  of  a  liquid. 

Elixation.     Extracting  or  cooking  by  boiling  or  steeping. 
Empyrosis.     A  general  burning. 
Eetuation.     A  boiling. 
Flagration.     Same  as  conflagration. 
Furnace.     To  heat  orsmelt  in  a  furnace. 
Fusion.     The  changing  of  a  solid  into  a  liquid  by  heating. 
Heating,  etc.     See  sub  Verbs. 
Ignition.     The  act  of  setting  afire  or  being  afire. 
Incension.     State  of  being  kindled  or  on  fire. 
Incineration .     The  reducing  to  ashes  by  burning. 
Increase  of  temperature.     A  growing  hotter. 
Inflammability.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  easily  set  on  fira. 
Inflammation.     A  setting  afire. 
Insolation.     An  exposure  to  the  sun's  rays. 
Scorification.     The  process  of  reducing  to  a  slag. 
Sunburn.     Redness  of  skin  caused  by  the  heat  of  the  sun. 
Tepefaction.     The  act  of  making  a  thing  moderately  warm. 
Torrefaction.     The  operation  of  scorching  or  drying,  the  state  of 

being  roasted  or  dried. 
Transcalency.     The  state  of  permitting  the  passage  of  heat. 
Ustulation.     The  roasting  or  drying  of  moist  substances. 

Heating — Associated  Nouns. 

Ambustian.     A  scald  or  burn. 
Apozem.     A  medicated  decoction;  a  decoction. 

Ash.     The  residue  remaining  after  the  burning  of  a  combustible  sub- 
stance. 
Auto  da  ft  [Pg.].     A  burning  at  the  stake. 
Brick.     A  block  of  clay  with  proper  ingredients  of  sand  and  water, 

heated  in  a  kiln. 
Carbon.     An  abundant,  non-metallic  element  combustible  in  some 

forms  which  are  used  for  heating. 
Ceramics.     Work  made  of  baked  clay. 
Charcoal.     A  mixture  of  carbon  and  inorganic  ash  used  as  a  fuel,  an 

absorbent,  a  filter,  etc. 
China.     A  delicate  porcelain -ware  made  in  China  by  baking. 
Cinder.     A  partly  burned  combustible  substance  in  which  the  fire  is 

extinct. 
Clinker.     A  shapeless  mass  of  incombustible  material  remaining  after 

the  combustion  of  coal. 
Coke.     A  coal  deprived  of  its  volatile  matter  by  roasting  in  a  kiln  or 

by  distillation. 
Crockery.     Earthenware  made  of  clay  burned  in  kilns. 
Diathermancy.     The  capacity  for  allowing  the  free  transmission  of 

heat  rays. 
Earthenware.     Utensils  and  ornaments  of  baked  clay. 
Ebullioscope.     Instrument  to  determine  the  alcohol  in  a  mixture  by 

its  boiling  point. 
Embers.     Burning  coals  smoldering  in  ashes. 
Glassware.     Utensils  made  of  glass. 

Incendiarism.     The  act  or  practise  of  maliciously  destroying  build- 
ings by  fire. 
Incubator.     A  machine  for  hatching  eggs  by  artificial  heat. 
Liquefaction      The  conversion  of  a  solid  into  a  liquid  by  the  influence 

of  heat. 
Melting.     The  act  of  causing  to  change  to  a  liquid  from  a  solid  as  a 

result  of  heating. 
Mug.     An  earthenware  cup  made  from  baked  clay. 
Porcelain.     A  fine  translucent  kind  of  earthenware. 
Pot.     A  round  vessel  generally  of  baked  clay. 
Pottery.     Clayware  shaped  when  plastic,  then  baked  in  a  kiln,  or  in 

the  sun. 
Products  of  combustion.     Heat,  ashes,  etc. 
Scoriae.     The  slag  of  fused  metals. 
Slag.     The  refuse  of  fused  substances 

Stoneware.     Pottery  characterized  by  hardness  and  infusibility. 
Terra-cotta.     A  kind  of  hard  unglazed  pottery. 
Waffle-irons.     Iron  forms  used  in  baking  waffles. 


Ice-box.     Small  refrigerator. 

Incombustibility.     The  quality  of  being  fire-proof. 

Incombustibleness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Infrigidation.     Coldness. 

Reduction  of  temperature.     Process  of  cooling. 

Refrigeration,     The  act  of  causing  to  become  cold;  or  the  state  of 

being  cold. 
Solidification.     The  passage  of  a  body  from  a  gaseous  or  liquid  state 

to  a  solid,  produced  by  the  action  of  cold. 

Cooling —  Verbs . 

Benumb.     To  make  stiff  from  cold. 
Bite.     To  be  extremely  cold:  said  of  weather  or  winds. 
Burn  out.     To  cease  to  be  afire. 
Chill.     To  unpleasantly  reduce  the  temperature  of. 
Chill  to  the  marrow.     To  affect  with  great  cold. 
Congeal.     To  harden  or  to  become  hardened  as  by  freezing. 
Cool.     To  lower  the  temperature  of,  or  to  become  less  hot. 
Cut.     To  pierce,  as  with  cold. 
Damp.     To  cool,  as  with  a  wet  cloth  or  sponge. 
Extinguish.     To  put  out;  to  destroy. 
Fan.     To  cool  by  agitating  the  air  with  a  flat  surface. 
Freeze.     To  solidify,  or  become  solidified  from  cold. 
Glaciate.     To  change  or  become  changed  into  ice. 
Go  out.     To  cease  burning. 
Ice.     To  chill  or  freeze  with  ice. 
Make  one's  teeth  chatter.     To  affect  with  cold. 
Nip.     To  bite  or  sting  as  by  extreme  cold. 

Petrify.     To  become  as  hard  as  stone,  or  to  make  a  substance  rock- 
like  in  hardness. 
Pierce.     To  penetrate:  said  of  a  cold,  sharp  wind. 
Pinch.     To  sting  as  with  cold. 
Put  out.     To  extinguish,  as  a  fire. 
Quench.     To  put  out  a  fire,  especially  with  water. 
Refresh.     To  reinvigorate,  as  by  cooling. 
Refrigerate.     To  make  cold. 
Regelate.     To  unite  again  by  freezing. 
Slack.     To  cool  by  dipping  in  water. 
Stamp  out.     To  extinguish  a  fire  by  stamping  it. 
Starve.     To  kill  with  cold,  or  to  perish  from  cold. 

Cooling — Adjectives. 

Cooled,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Cooling,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Fire-proof.     Not  burnable. 

Frigorific.     Cold-producing. 

Frozen  out.     Ostracized. 

Iced,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Icing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Incombustible.     Not  destructible  by  fire. 

Nipped,  etc.     Affected  by  the  cold.     See  Verbs. 

Nipping,  etc.     Biting;  piercing.     See  Verbs. 

Unflammable  [Obs.].)  ..  .  ,,      « »   .       .     .x   , 

Uninflammable.         J  Not  caPabIe  of  bein*  W»ted. 


HEATING— Continued. 
Heating — Nouns  of  Means. 

Blanket.     A  thick,  heavy  piece  of  cloth  used  for  warmth. 

Caustic.     Any  substance  or  means  used  medicinally  to  burn  animal 

tissues. 
Clothing.     Any  woven  stuff  used  for  warming  the  body. 
Coup  de  soleil  [F.|.     A  sunstroke. 

Flannel.     A  soft  woolen  cloth  loosely  woven,  used  as  a  garment. 
Fur.     The  fine,  soft  hair  of  certain  animals  who  need  its  protection 

from  the  cold. 
Insolation.     Process  of  drying  by  exposing  to  the  heat  of  the  sun. 
Lurar  caustic.     Nitrate  of  silver  used  by  surgeons   for  burning 

animal  tissues. 
Match.     A  small  strip  of  soft  wood  having  one  end  tipt>ed  with  an 

easily  inflammable  substance  and  used  for  starting  a  fire. 
Moza.     A  soft  woolly  material  prepared  in  China  and  Japan,  used 

as  a  cautery  by  burning  it  on  the  skin. 
Sunstroke.     Acute  prostration  from  excessive  heat  of  the  sun. 
Wadding.     Carded  cotton  used  for  padding  bed-covers  and  garments, 

Heating — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Baker.     One  who  bakes  food. 

Incendiary.     A  person  who  maliciously  sets  fire  to  a  building. 

Pitroleuse .  [F.B.     One  who  uses  petroleum  for  incendiary  purpose*. 


HEATING— COOLING. 


494 


HEAVEN— HELL. 


HEATING—  COOLING—  Continued. 


He  a-..  .N 

Aid  fuel  to  the  flames.     To  cause  to  become  hotter. 

Apply  the  match.    I  -  Qn  fire 

Apply  the  torch  to  J 

Bake.     To  expose  to  intense  dry  heat. 

Blsze.     To  make  a  flame. 

Blew  the  fire.     To  make  hotter. 

Boil.     To  subject  to  the  action  of  a  boiling  liquid:  to  be  in  a  state 

of  ebullition . 
Brand.     To  mark  with  a  hot  iron. 
Burn.     To  expose  to  fire  or  heat. 
Burn  in.     To  eat  in,  as  fire. 
Burn  to  a  cinder.     To  burn  completely. 

Calcine.     To  render  friable  by  expelling  volatile  matter  by  heat. 
Catch  fire.     To  begin  to  burn ;  to  take  or  conceive  fire. 
Cauterize.     To  burn  organic  tissue  for  a  medicinal  purpose. 
Chafe.     To  burn  by  rubbing. 
Char.     To  burn  the  surface  of;  to  make  charcoal  of. 


Commit  to  the  flames.)  T 
s.i 


burn. 


Consign  to  the  flames.  - 

Cook.     To  subject  to  the  action  of  heat>  generally;  to  prepare  for 

food. 
Corrode.     To  eat  away  as  by  a  caustic. 
Digest.     To  soften  by  heat  and  moisture. 
Do  to  rags.     To  burn  to  dust. 
Enkindle.     To  set  afire. 
Fan  the  flame.     To  make  hotter. 
Fire.     To  subject  to  combustion. 
Foment.     To  bathe  with  hot  lotions. 

Fry.     To  cook  in  a  pan  containing  butter,  fat.  or  olive-oil. 
Fuse.     To  unite  by  heating  to  the  melting  point. 
Grill.     To  cook  on  a  gridiron. 

Heat.     To  impart  warmth  to  or  subject  to  the  action  of  fire. 
Ignite.     To  kindle;  to  make  luminous. 
Incinerate.     To  burn  to  ashes. 
Inflame.     To  cause  to  glow. 
Kindle.     To  set  ablaze. 


— Verbs. 

Light.     To  apply  a  flame  to. 

Liquefy,  etc.     See  Liquefaction. 

Make  a  bonfire  of.     To  burn. 

Make  hot,  etc.     See  Heat. 

Melt.     To  reduce  a  solid  substance  to  a  liquid  by  the  influence  at 

heat. 
Parboil.     To  boil  partly ;  once,  to  boil  thoroughly. 
Parch.     To  make  extremely  dry  by  heating. 
Poke  the  fire.     To  push  into  the  fire  to  cause  to  burn  brighter. 
Reduce  to  ashes.     To  burn  completely. 
Rekindle.     To  kindle  again. 
Relume.     To  light  again.    ["  I  know  not  where  is  that  Promethean 

heat  that  can  thy  light  relume."     Shakespeare,  Othello,  V,  ii.  13.] 
Roast.     To  subject  to  the  action  of  radiant  heat;   also  to  cook  in  a 

closed  oven. 
Scald.     To  burn  with  boiling  water  or  other  liquid. 
Scorch.     To  burn  the  surface  of. 
Scorify.     To  reduce  to  slag. 

Sear.     To  burn  the  surface  to  dryness  and  hardness 
Seethe.     To  place  in  a  boiling  liquid;   or  to  be  in  a  state  of  violent 

ebullition. 

Set  fire  to.\  «,     .     .  .    . 

c  *        c       f  lo  start  to  burn. 

Set  on  nre.) 

Simmer.     To  cause  to  boil  moderately,  or  to  boil  in  that  manner. 

Singe.     To  parch. 

Smelt.     To  melt  or  fuse  for  the  purpose  of  refining. 

Stew.     To  boil  with  simmering  heat. 

Stir  the  fire.     To  cause  to  burn  hotter. 

Stive.     To  stew. 

Strike  a  ligkt.     To  cause  light  by  burning  something 

Sun  oneself.     To  warm  oneself  in  the  heat  of  the  sun. 

Take  fire.     To  become  ignited. 

Thaw.     To  change  from  a  frozen  state  because  of  being  heated. 

Toast.     To  make  brown  by  heating. 

Torrefy.     To  subject  to  heat. 

Warm.     To  increase  the  temperature  of  by  contact  with  heat. 


Heating — A  dject  ives . 


Burnt*  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Combustible.     Easily  destroyed  by  fire. 
Diathermal.     Easily  permeable  by  radiant  heat. 

Diathermanous.     Possessing  the  property  of  transmitting  radiant 
heat. 


Inflammable.     Easy  to  become  kindled. 

Molten.     Changed  to  a  fluid  state  by  heat. 

Rechauffe  [F],  Wanned  over. 

Sodden.     Poorly  baked. 

Volcanic,     Of  or  pertaining  to  a  volcano. 


heauton  timoroumenos  [Gr.]  he-au-ton'  ti-mo-ru'-me- 
nos).  The  Self-Tormentor;  a  play  by  Menander. 
Austerity,  Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

heave.  To  raise  with  an  effort;  make  mighty  efforts. 
Elevation -Depression,  Emotion,  Push-Pull; 
heave  a  sigh,  Jubilation-Lamentation;  heave  in 
sight,  Visibility- Invisibility;  heave  the  lead, 
Deepness-Shallowness,  Mensuration;  heave  to, 
Movement-Rest. 

heave'-of'-fer-ing.  An  offering  of  the  Jewish  service. 
Numbers  xv,  20.     Devotion-Idolatry. 


heav'-en.  A  place  or  condition  of  supreme  happiness. 
Heaven-Hell;  call  heaven  to  witness,  Assertion- 
Denial;  for  heaven's  sake,  Petition-Expostula- 
tion; heaven  be  praised,  Jubilation-Lamentation, 
Thankfulness  -Thanklessness;  heaven  forfend, 
Petition  -  Expostulation;  heaven  knows,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Knowledge-Ignorance;  in  the  face 
of  heaven,  Manifestation-Latency;  light  of  heav- 
en, Light-Darkness;  move  heaven  and  earth,  Toil- 
Relaxation;  will  of  heaven,  Volition-Obligation. 


HEAVEN— HELL. 


Abode  of  t**  blessed.     Heaven. 

Arcadia.  \  picturesque  district  of  the  Peloponnesus;  a  place  of 
ideal  simplicil  y  and  contentment. 

Bowers  of  bliss.  A  place  of  happiness,  especially  heaven  "Plucks 
amaranthine  joys  from. "    [Cowper,  Hope,  164.] 

Celestial  bliss.     Hearenly  joy  or  happiness. 

Eden.     Paradise;  first  abode  of  the  human  race. 

Elysian  Fields.     In  Greek  mythology,  the  abode  of  the  blessed  dead. 

Elysium.     The  Greek  par  idise .  a  place  of  supreme  delight. 

Empyreal.     Abode  <  Goi  and  the  angels. 

Eternal  home.     The  Christian  heaven. 

Future  state.     An  existence  in  heaven. 

Jarden  of  the  Hesperides.  The  beautiful  garden  of  the  gods  contain- 
ing the  golden  apples  of  Juno 

tlory.     Radiancy;  the  bliss  of  heaven .  the  home  of  the  glorified. 

Heaven.     The  dwelling-place  of  righteous  souls  after  death. 

Heavenly  kingdom.     The  realm  of  heaven. 

Inheritance  of  the  saints  in  light.     Heaven. 


Abaddon.     The  bottomless  pit;  the  depth  of  hell. 

Abyss.     A  bottomless  gulf;  hell. 

Avernus.     A  lake  in  Italy  represented  to  be  the  entrance  to  hell. 

Bottomless  pit.     Hell. 

Cocytua.     The  river  of  lamentation ;  one  of  the  five  rivers  in  Hades. 

Domdaniel.     A  cave  under  the  ocean  where  magicians  worshiped 

their  lord  once  a  vear. 
Erebus.     The  region  of  the  dead. 
Everlasting  fire.         1  ,.  .. 
Everlasting  torment./ 

Fire  that  is  never  quenched.     The  fire  <A  hell;  fire  that  never  dies. 
Gehenna.     A  place  outside  of  Jerusalem  where  the  refuse  of  the  city 

was  burned;  hell. 
Habitation  of  the  fallen  angels.     Hell. 
Hades.     The  lower  world .  the  Greek  hell. 

Hell.    The  infernal  regions ;  the  place  where  the  wi<  ked  are  punished 
Hell-fire.     The  fire  of  hell. 
Infernal  regions.     Hell;  the  lower  regions. 


HEAVEN— HELL. 


195 


HEAVINESS— LIGHTNESS. 


H  EAVE  >,'— H  ELL— Continued. 


K™  of  heten.}  ^e  Christian  heaven. 

Nirvana.     The  Buddhist  heaven,  a  state  of  utter  annihilation,  or 

extinction  of  the  finite  in  union  with  the  infinite. 
Olympus.     A  mountain  in  Thessaly,  the  dwelling-place  of  the  Greek 

gods. 
Paradise.     Heaven;  the  garden  of  Eden. 
Presence  of  God.     The  state  of  being  in  company  with  God 
Third  heaven.     A  heaven  spoken  of  by  Paul,  //  Cor.  xii.  a. 
Throne  of  God.     The  royal  seat  of  God. 
Valhalla.     The  Norse  heaven. 
Walhalla.     Valhalla. 
Zion.     The  heavenly  Jerusalem. 

Hb  a  ve  n  — A  djec lives. 

Beatific      Happy;  blessed;  heavenly. 

Celestial.     Heavenly;  beatific. 

Elysian.     Like  Elysium;  happy. 

From  on  high.     From  heaven:  from  above. 

Heavenly.     Like  heaven;  blessed. 

Paradisiacal.     Like  Paradise;  supremely  blissful. 

Supernal.     From  above;  heavenly. 

Unearthy.     Unlike  the  earth;  heavenly. 

Heaven — Phrases. 

Champs  Elysees  [F.].     Elysian  Fields;  a  parkway  in  Paris. 
Vigeur  de  dessus  fF.].     Strength  from  on  high. 


Inferno.     The  title  of  a  poem  by  Dante;  hell. 

Lake  of  fire  and  brimstone.     Hell. 

Limbo.     The  border  region  between  heaven  and  hell;  a  pla<3»  c* 

neither  pain  nor  pleasure. 
Pandemonium.     The  abode  of  demons. 
Pit  of  Acheron.     The  infernal  regions,  in  Greek  mythology. 
Place  of  torment.     Hell. 

Pluto.     The  god  of  the  lower  regions,  in  Greek  mythology. 
Purgatory.     Region  where  souls  are  purged  from  the  sins  of  this  world 
Realms  of  Pluto.     The  infernal  regions. 
Rhadamanthus.  In  Greek  mythology,  one  of  the  three  judges  oi  the 

lower  regions. 
Shades  below.     The  spirits  of  the  departed. 
Sheol.     The  grave;  place  of  departed  spirits. 
Stygian  Creek.    In  Greek  mythology,  the  river  over  which  the  spirits 

of  the  dead  must  pass  to  go  to  their  final  abode;  Styx. 
Styx.     A  river  of  the  infernal  regions;  hell. 
Tartarus.     The  mythological  hell. 
Tophet.     A  place  outside  of  Jerusalem  where  fire  was  continually 

kept  burning;  hell.     [Hebr.  Topheth.] 
Worm  that  never  dies.     Eternal  punishment. 

Hell — Adjectives. 
Hellish.     Like  hell,  fiendish. 
Infernal.     Pertaining  to  the  lower  regions. 
Stygian.     Pertaining  to  Styx  or  hell 

Hell — Phrase. 


Dies  tree,  dies  ilia  [L.]. 
Latin  Hymns.] 


Day  of  wrath,  that  day.     [Zephaniak  i  15, 


heav'-en-born".  Born  of  heaven.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit, Sagacity-Incapacity,  Virtue-Vice. 

heav'-en-di-reef'-ed.  Directed  by  divine  powers.  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity. 

heav'-en-kiss"-ing.      Very   high.      Height-Lowness. 

heav'-en-ly.  Celestial;  divine.  Divinity,  Heaven- 
Hell,  Universe;  heavenly  bodies,  Universe;  heav- 
enly host,  Angel-Satan;  heavenly  kingdom,  Heav- 
en-Hell. 


heav'-en-ly-mind"-ed.  Having  the  thoughts  turned  tc 
heaven.     Godliness-Ungodliness. 

heav'-ens.  The  universe.  Universe  ;  heavens  and 
earth,  Astonishment-Expectance. 

heav'-er.     One  who  lifts.     Elevation-Depression. 

heaves.     An  asthmatic  disease.     Health-Sickness. 

heav'-i-ness.  The  quality  of  being  heavy.  Activity- 
Indolence,  Heaviness-Lightness, Wittiness-Dul- 
ness;  heaviness  of  heart,  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection. 


HEAVINESS— LIGHTNESS. 


Burden.  \  Something   borne    or  carried,    usually   of   considerable 

Burthen.)      weight. 

Counterpoise.     A  weight  that  balances  another  weight 

Gravitation.     The  force  with  which  all  bodies  attract  each  other. 

Gravity.     The  quality  of  possessing  weight. 

Heaviness,  etc.     The  quality  of  possessing  gravity,  etc.     See  Ad- 

iectives. 
Load.     Quantity  of  material  to  be  transported. 

Lump  o  .  (  principal  part  of  anything. 

Mass  or.  ) 

Ponderosity.     The  quality  of  possessing  great  weight. 

Pressure.     The  weight  one  body  brings  to  bear  upon  another. 

Specific  gravity.     Comparative  weight  of  anything  with  an  equal 

bulk  of  water. 
Weight.     The  downward  pressure  of  a  body. 
Weight  of.     The  amount  of  downward  pressure  of. 

Heaviness — Associated  Nouns. 

Ballast.     Any  heavy  substance,  put  into  the  hold  of  a  vessel  to  sink 

it  to  such  a  depth  as  to  prevent  capsizing. 
Lead.     One  of  the  heaviest  of  the  elements. 
Millstone.     A  heavy  circular  stone  used  for  grinding  grain. 
Mountain.     A  large  mass  of  earth  and  rock  rising  above  the  common 

level  of  the  earth;  something  of  great  bulk. 
Ossa  on  Pelion.     Two  mountains  in  Thessaly,  fabled  to  have  been 

piled  on  top  of  each  other  by  the  giants  to  scale  Olympus, 
laitinatioa.   .  Act  of  weighing. 
Weighing.     The  act  of  measuring  weight. 

Heaviness — Nouns  of  Measure. 

Apothecaries'  weight.     The  system  of  weights  used  by  druggists. 

Avoirdupois  weight.     The  ordinary  system  of  determining  weight. 

Carat.     A  unit  of  weight  for  precious  stones. 

Cwt.     The  abbreviation  for  a  hundred  (centum)  weight. 

Dram.     A  unit  in  apothecaries'  weight. 

Grain.     The  smallest  weight  in  troy  and  in  avoirdupois  weight. 

Hundredweight       Weight  o'  «  hundred  pounds. 


Buoyancy.     Tendency  or  power  to  float. 

Imponderability.     Having  no  weight. 

Levity.     The  quality  of  relative  lightness. 

Lightness.     The  condition  or  quality  of  having  little  weight. 

Volatility.     The  property  of  a  substance  which  causes  it  to  be  quickly 

dissipated  on  account  of  its  levity. 

Lightness — Denotations. 
Air.     The  invisible  fluid  which  surrounds  the  earth. 
Bubble.     A  thin  film  of  liquid  inflated  with  air  or  gas. 
Buoy.     A  floating  object  moored  to  the  bottom,  to  mark  out  a 

channel. 
Cobweb.     The  very  fine  network  spread  by  a  spider. 
Down.     The  hairy  crown  or  envelope  of  the  seeds  of  certain  plants. 
Dust.     Fine,   dry  particles  of  earth   or  other  matter,  raised  and 

wafted  by  the  wind. 
Ether      Supposed  matter  above  the  air;  the  air. 
Feather.     The  dermal  appendage  of  a  bird. 

Float.     Anything  which  floats  or  rests  on  the  surface  of  a  liquid. 
Flue.     Dust-like  stuff  scraped  from  cloth. 

Gossamer.     A  thin,  filmy  substance,  like  cobwebs,  floating  in  the  air 
Mote.     A  small  particle,  as  of  floating  dust. 
Straw.     The  stalk  of  grains. 
Thistle-down.     The  hairy  crown  of  the  flower  of  the  thistle. 

Lightness — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Barm.     Brewer's  yeast,  used  as  a  leaven. 

Ferment.     That  which  causes  to  grow  light  by  means  of  yeast. 
Leaven.     Anything  that  sets  up  fermentation  so  as  to  make  lighter 
Yeast.     A  fungous  growth  used  to  make  dough  lighter. 

Lightness— Verbs. 
Be  buoyed  up.     To  be  kept  afloat. 
Be  light,  etc.     To  have  little  weight.     See  Adjectives. 
Float.     To  remain  on  the  surface  of  a  liquid. 
Leaven.     To  make  light  by  the  action  of  leaven. 

Render  light.}  T°  make  Hght*     See  *#****• 
Swim.     Not  to  sink. 


HEAVINESS— LIGHTNESS. 


496 


HEED— DISREGARD. 


HEAVINESS—  LIGHTNESS—  Continued. 


HEAVINESS— Nouns  of  Measure— Continued. 

Lb.     The  abbreviation  for  pound.     [L,  libra.] 

Load.     A  customary  weight  of  various  amounts. 

Ounce.     A  weight  of  437^  grains. 

Pennyweight.     A  weight  of  24  grains. 

Ponderation.     Act  of  weighing. 

Pound.     A  weight  of  7000  grains. 

Quintal.     A  unit  of  weight  in  the  metric  system;  100  kilograms. 

Scruple.     A  unit  in  apothecaries'  weight;  20  grains. 

Stone.     An  English  measure  of  weight,  usually  14  pounds. 

Tod.     A  measure  of  weight  of  about  28  pounds. 

Ton.     A  measure  of  gravity  in  the  avoirdupois  system 

Troy  weight.     A  system  of  weighing  used  by  goldsmiths  and  jewel- 
ers. 

Heaviness — Instruments  of  Measure. 

Balance.   An  instrument  for  weighing,  consisting  of  a  dish  suspended 
from  each  end  of  a  lever. 

Beam.     The  bar  of  a  balance. 

Scales.     The  dishes  of  a  balance. 

Spring  balance.     A  contrivance  for  weighing  by  the  elasticity  of  a 
spiral  spring. 

Steelyard.     A  device  for  weighing,  consisting  of  a  movable  weight  on 
a  graduated  beam. 

Weighbridge.     A  weighing  machine  on  which  loaded  carts  may  be 
weighed. 

Heaviness — Scientific  Term. 

Statics.     Th«  science  of  the  equilibrium  of  forces,  or  of  bodies  at  rest. 
Heaviness — Verbs, 

Be  heavy,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Cumber.     To  weigh  down. 

Gravitate.     To  tend  toward  another  body  by  gravity 

Load.     To  place  a  quantity  of  material  upon. 

Poise.     To  determine  the  weight  of  by  balancing. 

Press.     To  act  upon  by  weight. 

Weigh.     To  measure  the  mass  of. 


Lightness — Adjectives. 
Airy.     Light  as  air. 

Astatic.     Under  the  influence  of  no  directive  agent. 
Buoyant.     So  light  as  to  float. 
Ethereal.     Light  as  ether. 
Floating.     Hanging  free  in  the  air  or  on  the  top  of  some  liquid. 

Imponderous!'}  So  light  as  to  have  no  PercePtiole  weight. 

Light.     Having  little  weight. 

Light  as  a  feather.        1 

Light  as  air.  >-  Degrees  of  lightness. 

Light  as  thistle-down,  j 

Portable.     Light  enough  to  be  easily  carried. 

Sublimated .     Vaporized  by  heat . 

Subtile.     Delicately  constituted. 

Uncompressible.     Impossible  to  be  compressed  on  account  of  levity 

Volatile.     So  light  as  to  be  easily  vaporized. 

Weightless.     Extremely  light. 


Heaviness — Adjectives. 
Beefy.     Heavy  and  ponderous. 
Burdensome.     Hard  to  bear  on  account  of  weight. 
Cumbersome.     Moving  heavily. 
Cumbrous.     Unwieldy. 
Heavy  as  lead.     Of  great  gravity. 
Incumbent.     Weighing  upon  something. 
Lumpish.     Heavy  like  a  lump. 
Lumpishy.     Heavy. 
Massive.     Of  great  weight  and  bulk. 
Ponderable.     Having  appreciable  weight. 
Ponderous.     Having  unusually  great  weight  and  mass. 
Superincumbent.     Lying  upon  something  else. 

Unwieldy.     Not  easily  handled  on  account  of  great  weight  and  bulk. 
Weighing.     That  may  be  used  to  measure  gravity. 
Weighty.     Having  great  gravity. 


heav'-ing.  An  upward  lift;  a  sigh.  Jubilation-La- 
mentation. 

heav'-y.  Burdensome;  not  light;  weighed  down;  vio- 
lent; great;  slow;  powerful.  Activity-Indolence, 
Belligerent,  Heaviness-Lightness,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Sagacity- Incapacity,  Taste -Vul- 
garity, Vigor-Inertia,  Wittiness-Dulness;  heavy 
affliction,  Pleasure-Pain;  heavy-armed,  Weapon; 
heavy  book,  Wittiness-Dulness;  heavy  cost,  Cost- 
liness-Cheapness; heavy  dragoon,  Belligerent; 
heavy  father,  Acting;  heavy  gun,  Weapon;  heavy- 
handed,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  heavy  heart,  Pleas- 
ure-Pain, Readiness-Reluctance;  heavy-hearted, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection;  heavy  hours,  En- 
tertainment-Weariness; heavy  news,  Pleasura- 
bleness-Painfulness;  heavy  on  hand,  Excess- 
Lack;  heavy  on  the  mind,  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection; heavy  sea,  Agitation,  River-Wind;  heavy 
sleep,  Activity-Indolence;  heavy-wet,  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

heav'y-la"den.  Weighed  down;  troubled.  Obstruc- 
tion-Help, Pleasure-Pain. 

heav'-y- weight".  A  boxer  weighing  over  154  pounds. 
Belligerent. 

heb-dom'-a-dal.  Occurring  weekly.  Periodicity-Ir- 
regularity. 

heb-dom'-a-da-ry.  Weekly.  Periodicity-Irregular- 
ity. 

He'-be.     The  goddess  of  youth.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

heb'-e-tate.  To  render  dull  or  blunt.  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

heb'-e-tude.  Stupidity.  Excitability-  Inexcitabil- 
ity,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 


HEED- 
Advertence.     The  act  of  turning  the  mind  or  attention  to. 
Advertency.     The  state  of  giving  attention  to. 
Attention.     Steady  application  of  the  mind  to  a  specific  object. 


He'-brew.  A  Jew;  jargon.  Clearness-Obscurity 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

hec'-a-tomb.  A  sacrifice  of  a  hundred  oxen;  a  great 
slaughter.  Devotion  -  Idolatry,  Five-Quinque< 
section. 

hec'-tare.     Unit  of  square  measure.     Measure. 

hec'-tic.  The  bright  pink-red  spot,  on  the  cheek,  in  hec- 
tic fever.     Emotion,  Heat-Cold. 

hec'-to-gram.     Unit  of  weight.     Measure. 

hec'-to-graph.  A  contrivance  for  multiple  copying. 
Copy-Model. 

hec'-to-li"-ter.     Unit  of  capacity.     Measure. 

hec'-tc-me"-ter.     Unit  of  length.     Measure. 

hec'-tor.  To  bully;  domineer  over.  Bravery-Cow- 
ardice, Brawler,  Presumption-Obsequiousness, 
Recklessness-Caution. 

hec'-tor-ing.  Boasting.  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness. 

hedge.  To  bet  on  both  sides;  a  fence  of  bushes,  shrubs, 
and  the  like  growing  close  together.  Compensation, 
Enclosure;  hedge  in,  Confinement,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Terms. 

hedge'-grown".    Overgrown  with  hedges.  Enclosure. 

hedge'-hog".     A  small  spiny-skinned  mammal. 

hedge'-row".  A  fence  of  low  shrubs.  Boundary, 
Continuity-Interruption,  Sharpness-Bluntness. 

hedge'-wri"-ter.   A  low  writer.    Missive-Publication. 

hed'-on-ism.  The  doctrine  that  pleasure  is  the  only 
good.     Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

hed'-on-ist.  One  who  holds  the  doctrine  of  hedonism 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

heed.  To  take  notice;  pay  attention.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Heed-Disregard,  Recklessness- 
Caution. 

DISREGARD. 

Absence  of  mind.     Want  of  attention  to  surroundings. 
Absorption  of  mind.     State  of  being  wholly  engrossed  in  one  subject 
to  the  exclusion  of  all  others. 


HEED. 


497 


HEED— DISREGARD. 


HEED—  DISREGARD— Continued. 


HEED — Synonymous  Phrases — Continued. 

Circumspection,  etc.  Cautious  watchfulness,  etc.  See  Careful- 
ness. 

Consideration.     The  act  of  closely  observing. 

Heed.     Careful  attention  or  consideration. 

Indication.     The  act  of  indicating,  of  pointing  out. 

Inspection.     Careful  investigation. 

Intentiveness.     Closeness  of  attention  or  application  of  mind. 

Intentness.     The  act  of  having  the  mind  firmly  fixed  upon  anything. 

Introspection.     Examination  within. 

Mindfulness,  etc.  The  state  of  having  in  mind;  observation,  etc.  See 
Adjectives. 

Minuteness.     The  attending  to  small  things. 

Notice.     Act  of  making  observations. 

Observance.     The  act  of  observing. 

Observation.     Careful  scrutiny. 

Particularity.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  attentive  to  small  mat- 
ters. 

Perpension.     Act  of  weighing  carefully. 

Reflection.     Act  of  thinking  long  upon  experiences. 

Regard.     Paying  attention  to;  notice.     See  Verbs, 

Revisal.     Result  of  revision. 

Revision.     Act  of  looking  over  for  corrections 

Scrutiny.     Close  investigation. 

Study.     Application  of  the  mind  to  anything. 

Thought.     The  act  of  thinking;  result  of  thinking. 

Heed — Synonymous  Phrases. 

Absorption  of  mind;  abstract  application;  abstract  attention;  ab- 
stract study;  abstract  thought;  active  application;  active  atten- 
tion; active  study;  active  thought;  attention  to  detail;  calling 
attention  to;  close  application;  close  attention;  close  study; 
close  thought;  deep  application;  deep  attention;  deep  study;  deep 
thought;  deliberate  application;  deliberate  attention;  deliberate 
study;  deliberate  thought;  diligent  application ;  diligent  attention; 
diligent  study;  diligent  thought;  exclusive  application;  exclusive 
attention;  exclusive  study;  exclusive  thought;  intense  application; 
intense  attention;  intense  study;  intense  thought;  labored  applica- 
tion; labored  attention ;  labored  study;  labored  thought;  minute 
application;  minute  attention;  minute  study;  minute  thought; 
profound  application;  profound  attention;  profound  study;  pro- 
found thought. 

Heed — Verbs. 
Attend.     To  fix  the  mind  upon. 
Consider.     To  reflect  upon,  or  think  about. 
Contemplate.     To  consider  attentively.     See  Reflection. 
Entertain.     To  receive  and  hold  in  the  mind. 
Heed.     To  attend  and  obey. 
Indicate.     To  point  out  something. 
Indigitate.     To  point  out  with  the  finger. 
Inspect.     To  examine  closely. 
Look.     To  direct  the  attention  to 
Mark.     To  pay  attention  to. 
Note.     To  make  a  ncte  of. 
Notice.     To  observe  closely. 
Observe.     To  watch  closely. 
Overhaul.     To  examine  carefully. 
Perstringe.     To  glance  at. 
Recognize.     To  take  knowledge  of. 
Regard.     To  attend  with  respect  and  attention. 
Remark.     To  make  an  observation. 
Revise.     To  go  over  again  to  make  corrections. 
Scan.     To  examine  critically. 
Scrutinize.     To  search  closely. 
See.     To  turn  the  attention  to. 
Show.     To  point  out. 

3kim.     To  pass  over  without  much  attention. 
View.     To  inspect  mentally. 
Watch,  etc.     To  observe  with  care,  etc.     See  Expectation,  Mind. 

Heed — Verbal  Expressions. 

Absorb  the  attention;  absorb  the  mind;  absorb  the  thoughts;  advert 
to;  animadvert  to;  apply  attention  to;  apply  the  eye  to ;  apply  the 
mind  to;  arrest  the  attention;  arrest  the  mind ;  arrest  the  thoughts ; 
attract  notice ;  attract  the  attention ;  attract  the  mind ;  attract  the 
thoughts;  awaken  the  attention;  awaken  the  mind;  awaken  the 
thoughts;  bear  in  mind;  be  attentive;  bend  one's  mind  to;  bend 
the  attention  to;  bend  the  eye  to;  bend  the  mind  to;  be  present  to 
the  mind;  be  under  consideration;  be  uppermost  in  the  mind; 
bring  forward;  bring  under  one's  notice;  call  attention  to;  call 
32 


DISREGARD— Verbs— Continued. 

Abstraction.     Act  of  withdrawing,  or  of  inattention  to  objects. 

Brown  study.     Deep  thought  resulting  in  absent-mindedness. 

Deep  musing.     Abstract  thought. 

Disregard.     Want  of  regard  or  attention. 

Distraction.     A  separating  of  the  attention  of  the  mind  in  many 
directions. 

Etourderie  [F.fl.     Heedlessness. 

Fit  of  abstraction.     A  sudden  mood  of  mental  inattention. 

Heedlessness,  etc.     Want  of  care  or  attentiveness,  etc.     See  Care- 
fulness-Carelessness. 

Inadvertence.     Unintentional  heedlessness. 

Inadvertency.     State  of  being  heedless. 

Inattention.     Failure  to  give  heed  to  what  is  directly  before  one. 

Inconsiderateness,  etc.     The   quality   of   being   inconsiderate,   etc 
See  Adjectives, 

Inconsideration.     Want  of  giving  thought  or  consideration. 

Insouciance   [F.fl,   etc.      Heedlessness;  carelessness;  etc.     Sec   Un- 
concern. 

Non-observance.     Failure  to  observe  or  to  take  notice. 

Oversight.     A  mistake  or  wrong  coming  from  inattention. 

Preoccupation.     Act  of  preoccupying  or  of  engrossing  the  mind. 

Reverie.     Inattentive  thinking  ;  a  purposeless  train  of  thought. 

Supineness,  etc.     State  of  lying  on  the  back;  hence,  careless.     Sea 
Activity-Indolence. 

Want  of  thought.     Thoughtlessness. 

Disregard — Verbs. 
Bewilder.  To  bring  into  mental  confusion. 
Confuse.     To  perplex. 

Dazzle.     To  be  confused  by  excessive  brightness. 
Discompose.     To  throw  into  disorder. 
Disconcert.     To  confuse  the  faculties  of. 
Disregard.     To  pay  no  attention  to. 
Dream.     To  be  as  in  a  dream. 
Fluster.     To  confuse  the  mind. 
Forget,  etc.     To  have  no  remembrance.     See  Remembrance-Fg* 

getfulness. 
Medale.     To  turn  the  attention  to  the  affairs  of  others. 
Moider.     To  confuse. 
Muddle.     To  mix  up  in  the  mind. 
Overlook.     To  examine  very  slightly. 
Perplex.     To  involve  the  mind  in  confusion. 

Disregard — Verbal  Expressions. 
Abstract  oneself ;  be  inattentive;  call  away  the  attention ;  call  away 
the  mind;  call  away  the  thoughts;  call  off  the  attention ;  call  oh 
the  mind;  call  off  the  thoughts;  close  one's  eyes  to;  come  in  one 
ear  and  go  out  at  the  other;  discard  from  one's  mind;  discard  from 
one's  thoughts;  discharge  from  one's  mind;  discharge  from  one's 
thoughts;  draw  off  the  attention ;  draw  off  the  mind;  draw  off  the 
thoughts;  distract  the  attention;  distract  the  mind;  distract  the 
thoughts;  divert  the  attention ;  divert  the  mind ;  divert  the  thoughts; 
drop  the  subject;  escape  attention;  escape  notice;  indulge  in 
reverie;  not  observe;  pass  by;  pay  no  attention  to;  put  aside; 
put  out;  put  out  of  one's  head;  set  aside;  shut  one's  eyes  to; 
think  little  of;  think  no  more  of;  throw  a  sop  to  Cerberus;  turn 
a  deaf  ear  to;  turn  aside;  turn  away  from;  turn  one's  attention; 
turn  one's  back  upon. 

Disregard — Adjectives. 
Absent.     Inattentive;  tending  to  wander  from  present  surroundings 
Absent-minded.     Having  the  mind  away  from  the  present. 
Abstracted.     Drawn  off  for  a  time  by  the  consideration  of  weightier 

matters. 
Bemused.     Dazed  or  muddled  as  with  liquor. 
Blind.     Incapable  of  seeing;  unwilling  to  attend  or  understand. 
Brainsick.     Mentally  deranged. 
Careless,  etc.     Having  no  concern;  thoughtless;  etc     See  CAREFUt 

ness-Carelessness. 
Cursory.     Rapid;  superficial*,  careless. 
Deaf.     Incapable  of  hearing;  obstinately  inattentive. 
Disconcerted.     Deranged  as  to  mind;  thrown  into  confusion. 
Distrait.     Lost  in  thought. 
Dizzy.     Thoughtless,  heedless. 

Dreaming  on  other  things.     Not  attentive  to  the  subject  in  hand 
Dreamy.     Characteristic  of  dreams,  absent-minded. 
EcerveU  [F.].     Harebrained. 

Engrossed,  etc.     Wholly  absorbed,  etc.     See  Heed. 
Giddy.     Thoughtless. 

Giddy  as  a  goose.     Very  unsteady  and  flighty. 
Giddy-brained.     Without  thoughtfulness  or  stability. 


HEED. 


498 


HEELTAP. 


HEED— DISREGARD— Continued. 


HEED — Verbal  Expressions — Continued. 

aoldiers  to  "attention";  cast  the  eyes  over;  catch  the  attention; 
catch  the  eye;  catch  the  mind;  catch  the  thoughts;  claim  the 
attention;  claim  the  mind;  claim  the  thoughts;  come  to  the  point; 
devote  the  attention  to;  devote  the  eye  to;  devote  the  mind  to; 
dip  into;  direct  the  attention  to;  direct  the  eye  to;  direct  the  mind 
to;  engage  the  attention;  engage  the  mind;  engage  the  thoughts; 
engross  the  attention;  engross  the  mind;  engross  the  thoughts; 
examine  closely;  examine  curiously;  examine  intently;  excite 
the  attention;  excite  the  mind;  excite  the  thoughts;  fall  under 
one's  notice;  fall  under  one's  observation;  fix  the  attention;  fix 
the  eye;  fix  the  mind;  fix  the  thoughts;  give  a  thought  to;  give 
heed  to;  give  one's  mind  to;  give  the  attention  to;  give  the  eye  to ; 
give  the  mind  to;  glance  at;  glance  over;  glance  upon;  have  an 
eye  to;  have  in  one's  eye;  have  regard  to;  have  the  ears  open; 
have  the  eyes  open;  hearken  to;  hear  out;  incline  an  ear  to; 
Invite  the  attention;  invite  the  mind;  invite  the  thoughts;  keep 
insight;  keep  in  view;  keep  the  eyes  open;  lay  the  finger  on;  lend 
an  ear  to;  listen  to;  look  after;  look  at;  look  into;  look  over; 
look  to;  make  note  of;  meet  with  attention;  mind  one's  business; 
occupy  oneself  with;  occupy  the  attention;  occupy  the  mind; 
occupy  the  thoughts;  pass  under  review;  pay  attention  to;  pay 
heed  to;  point  at;  point  out;  point  the  finger  at ;  point  to;  pore 
aver;  prick  up  the  ears;  pat  a  mark  upon;  revert  to;  rivet  the 
attention  on;  rivet  the  eye  on ;  rivet  the  mind  on ;  rivet  the  thoughts 
on;  run  over;  see  to;  solicit  the  attention;  solicit  the  mind ;  solicit 
the  thoughts;  strike  the  attention;  strike  the  eye ;  strike  the  mind ; 
strike  the  thoughts;  take  a  cursory  view  of;  take  cognizance  of; 
take  into  account;  take  into  consideration;  take  note  of;  take 
notice  of;  take  stock  of:  think  out;  trouble  one's  head  about; 
turn  over  the  leaves;  turn  the  eye  to;  turn  the  mind  to;  turn  the 
attention  to;  wake  the  attention;  wake  the  mind;  wake  the 
thoughts. 

Heed — Adjectives . 

Absorbed.     Having  the  attention  wholly  engaged. 

Alive  to.     In  full  action;  attentive  to. 

Attentive.     Having  the  mind  firmly  fixed  on  one  object. 

Awake  to.     Attentive. 

Breathless.     Not  breathing  from  excitement  or  interest. 

Engaged  in.     Earnestly  employed  in. 

Engrossed  in .     Absorbed  in . 

Intent  on.     Bending  the  mind  to  a  purpose. 

Mindful.     Attentive. 

Observant.     Watchful;  careful  in  viewing. 

Observing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Occupied  with.     Busy  with;  employed  in. 

On  the  watch,  etc.     Watchful,  etc.     See  Expectation. 

Open-eyed.     Having  open  eyes,  watchful. 

Preoccupied,  etc.     Absorbed  in  thought,  etc.     See  Heed-Disregard. 

Rapt.     Wholly  absorbed. 

Regardful.     Having  regard  or  respect  for. 

Steadfast.     Fixed  on  one  place. 

Taken  up  with.     Engrossed  in. 

Undistracted.     Not  drawn  aside  from  the  pursued  object. 

Upon  the  stretch.     Making  a  persistent  effort. 

Watchful.     On  the  watch;  vigilant.     See  Carefulness. 

Wrapped  in.     So  attentive  as  to  disregard  all  other  things. 

Heed — Interjections,  etc. 
Attention  I  behold  1   halloo!  hark!   hark  ye  I   I'd  have  you  to  know; 
io  I  Io  and  behold  I  look  here !  look  to  it  1  look  you  I  mark  1  mind  I 
N.  B.;    nota    bene[h],  note  well!  noticel    observe!  oh  yes!  oyez! 
[P.],  hear  I  see!  soho!  yoho! 
*  t  -     Marks  or  signs  calling  attention  to  something. 


DISREGARD— Adjectives— Continued. 

Hand  over  head.     Without  thinking. 

Harebrained.     Reckless  and  foolish. 

Harum-scarum.     In  careless  haste. 

Heedless.     Having  no  heed  or  care. 

High-flying.     Having  extravagant  aims  or  views. 

Inadvertent.     Careless  and  heedless. 

Inattentive.     Not  fixing  the  mind  upon  a  thing. 

Inconsiderate.     Having  no  consideration  or  thought. 

In  a  reverie.     In  a  musing  mood. 

In  the  clouds.     In  the  place  of  the  unreal  or  superficial. 

Listless,  etc.     Having  no  activity,  etc.     See  Unconcern. 

Lost.     Wandered  away;  bewildered. 

Lost  in  thought.  Inattentive  to  everything  save  his  mental  opera* 
tion. 

Mindless.     Not  regarding  with  attention;  heedless. 

Musing  on  other  things.     Careless  of  what  one  is  doing. 

Muzzy.     Absent-minded. 

Napping.     Careless. 

Offhand.     Without  preparation  or  attention. 

Off  one's  guard,  etc.  Unawares;  incautious,  etc.  See  Expecta- 
tion-Surprise. 

Percursory.      Very  cursory. 

Preoccupied.     Having  the  attention  occupied  before. 

Put  out,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Rantipol*.     Rakish;  reckless. 

Rapt.     Carried  out  of  oneself,  as  with  love  or  admiration. 

Regardless.     Having  no  regard  or  respect. 

Respectless.     Without  regard. 

Scatter-brained.     Giddy;  careless. 

Thoughtless.     Wanting  thought;  rash. 

Undiscerning.     Lacking  power  to  discriminate. 

Unheeding.     Not  heeding. 

Unmindful.     Not  keeping  in  mind;  inattentive. 

Unobservant.     Neglect  of  observance;  careless. 

Unreflecting.     Not  thinking  or  considering. 

Wild.     Not  cultivated;  reckless. 

Wrapped  in  thought.     Wholly  absorbed  in  thought. 

Disregard — Adverbs. 

Inadvertently,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Inattentively      Without  attention. 
Per  incuriam  [  L.] .     Through  carelessness. 
Sub  silentio  [L.].     In  silence. 

Disregard — Interjections. 
Stand  at  easel  stand  easy  I 

Disregard — Phrases. 
Had  it  been  a  beat  it  would  have  bitten  you;  it  never  entered  into  one's 
head;  one's  thoughts  being  elsewhere  ;   one's  wits  gone  a  bird's- 
nesting;  one's  wits  gone  a  wool-gathering;  the  attention  wanders; 
the  mind  running  on  other  things 


HEED— Continued. 

Heed — Phrases. 

Absence  d' esprit  [P.|.     Absence  of  mind. 

Dictum  sapienti  sat  est  [L.|.     A  word  to  the  wise  is  sufficient. 

Ecco  [It.B-     Look  here. 

Finem  respice  [L.jJ.     Regard  the  end. 

These  are  to  give  notice. 

This  is  to  give  notice. 


heed'-ful.  Vigilant;  careful.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness, Recklessness-Caution. 

heed'-ful-ness.  Carefulness.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness. 

heed'-less.  Careless;  inattentive.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Heed-Disregard,  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion. 

heed'-less-ness.  Carelessness.  Carefulness  -  Care- 
lessness, Recklessness-Caution. 

heel.  The  hinder  part  of  the  foot;  to  lean;  move 
around  on  the  heel.  Aim-Aberration,  Circui- 
tion,  Parallelism-Inclination,  Suspension-Sup- 
port; heel  of  Achilles,  Security-Insecurity;  iron 


heel,  Recompense-Scourge  ;  turn  on  one's  heel,  Ar> 

vance -Retrogression,  Circuition,  Quest -Eva- 
sion. 

heel'-piece" .  To  put  a  piece  of  leather  on  the  heel  of  a 
shoe;  the  rear  of  anything;  the  end.  Anteriority- 
Posteriority,  Predecessor-Continuation,  Reno- 
vation-Relatse. 

heel'-post".  A  post,  as  the  heel  of  a  steam-vessel,  sup- 
porting the  outer  end  of  the  propeller-shaft.  Con- 
veyance-Vessel. 

heel'-tap".  A  small  piece  of  leather  for  the  heel  of  a 
shoe;  a  small  quantity  of  liquor  left  in  a  glass. 
Cleanness-Filthiness,  Increment-Remnant. 


HEELS. 


499 


HEIGHT— LOWNESS. 


heels.  The  bottom  of  the  feet.  Height-Lowness  ;  at 
the  heels  of,  Anteriority-Posteriority,  Height- 
Lowness,  Remoteness-Nearness;  cool  one's  heels, 
Action-Passiveness;  follow  on  the  heels  of,  Lead- 
ing-Following, Quest-Evasion;  heels  over  head, 
Hurry-Leisure,  Recklessness-Caution,  Rever- 
sal; laid  by  the  heels,  Release-Restraint;  layby 
the  heels,  Taking-Restitution;  show  a  light  pair  of 
heels,  Quest-Evasion;  take  to  one's  heels,  Quest- 
Evasion;  tread  on  the  heels  of,  Approach-With- 
drawal,  Leading-Following,  Quest-Evasion,  Re- 
moteness-Nearness. 

heft.  To  lift  up;  a  handle.  Instrument,  Toil-Re- 
laxation. 

HEIGHT- 

Aititude.     Extent  of  space  from  a  base  up  to  something. 

Elevation.     State  of  being  considerably  above  something  else. 

Eminence-     Elevation  of  position. 

Height.     Distance  from  some  natural  base  up  to  something. 

Loftiness,  etc.  The  state  of  being  large  and  high,  etc.  See  Adjec- 
tives. 

Pitch.     The  degree  or  rate  of  ascent  or  slope. 

Procerity.     Tallness;  stature. 

Prominence,  etc.  The  quality  or  state  of  standing  out  from  or  above 
something  else.     See  Convexity. 

Stature.     The  height  of  man 

Sublimity.     Extreme  highness. 

Tallness.     Quality  or  state  of  being  tall. 

Height — Denotations,  etc. 
Aerie.     A  lofty  nest  of  a  bird  of  prey. 
Alp.     A  very  high  mountain.     "O'er  many  a  frozen,  many  a  fiery 

alp."  [Milton's  Paradise  Lost,  \\,  620.] 
Alpland.     A  portion  of  the  earth  higher  than  the  common  level. 
Alps.     A  range  of  lofty  mountains  in  Europe. 
Altimetry.     The  art  of  measuring  altitudes  or  heights. 
Barrow.     The  raised  earth  over  a  burial  place. 
Bluff.      A  high,  steep  bank 
Brae.     A  hillside. 
Butte.     A  detached  low  mountain. 
Campanile.     A  bell-tower. 

Cape.     A  point  of  land  rising  above  the  sea's  level. 
Ceiling.     The  inside  lining  of  a  room  overhead. 
Cliff.     A  high,  steep  rock. 
Clough.     A  cleft  in  a  hill. 
Colossus.     An  immense  statue,  one  of  the  Seven  Wonders  of  the 

World. 
Column.     A  cylindrical  support  for  a  roof,  ceiling,  etc. 
Craig.     A  cliff. 

Cupola.     A  dome  rising  above  the  roof  of  a  building. 
Dome.     A  hemispherical  or  inverted  cup-shaped  roof. 
Down.     A  treeless  hill,  having  a  broad  level  top. 
Dune.     An  elevation  of  loose  drifting  sand. 
Edge.     A  sharp  terminating  border. 
Escarpment.     A  steep  slope  about  a  fortified  place. 
Fell.     A  barren  hill. 

Flagstaff.     A  staff  on  which  a  flag  is  hoisted. 
Flood-tide.     The  high  or  rising  tide. 
Foreland.     A  high  cape. 

Giant.     A  man  of  extraordinary  bulk  and  stature.     [Genesis  vi, 4.] 
Giraffe.  The  tallest  of  living  animals,  a  camelopard 
Grenadier.     A  soldier  of  a  regiment  of  men  of  great  stature. 
Headland.     A  high  point  of  land  exten'ding  into  the  water. 
Heights.     A  hill  or  mountain. 
Highland.     An  elevated  region  or  country. 
High  tide.     The  rising  of  the  water  along  the  seashore 
HU1.     An  elevation  of  land  lower  than  a  mountain. 
Hillock.     A  small  hill. 

High  water.     The  rising  of  the  water  above  some  common  mark. 
Hog's  back.     A  ridge-like  structure  of  alternate  hills  and  valleys. 
Hummock.     A  rise  of  ground  of  no  great  extent 
Knap.     A  knob-like  hill. 
Knoll .     A  small ,  round  hill . 
Ledge.     A  ridge  or  reef  of  rocks. 
Maypole.     A  decorated  pole  around  which  dancing  takes  place  on 

May  Day. 
Minaret.     A  slender  tower  in  Turkish  architecture. 
Mole.     A  tower-like  tomb. 
Monticle.     A  little  mountain. 
Monument.     A  building,  pillar,  stone,  or  the  like  to  preserve  the 

remembrance  of  a  person,  event,  etc. 


he"-ge-mon -ic.    Dominant;  chief.    Rule-License. 

he"-ge-mon'-ic-al-ly.  In  a  hegemonic  manner.  Domi- 
nance-Impotence, Rule-License. 

he'-ge-mo-ny.     Leadership.     Rule-License. 

heif'-er.     A  young  cow.     Fauna-Flora. 

heigh'-ho".  An  exclamation.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection. 

height.  The  highest  degree;  altitude;  summit.  Height- 
Lowness,  Price-Discount,  Quantity-Measure, 
Top-Bottom;  at  its  height,  Magnitude-Smallness; 
draw  oneself  up  to  one's  full  height,  Elevation- 
Depression. 


LOWNESS. 

Debasement.     A  making  lower. 

Depression,  etc.  The  state  of  being  low,  etc.  See  Convexity-Con- 
cavity. 

Lowness,  etc.  The  quality  of  being  below  the  level  of  something  else, 
etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Prostration.     The  state  of  being  laid  flat. 

Low  ness — Denotations. 

Basement  floor.     The  ground  floor  of  a  house. 

Ebb-tide.     The  low  tide. 

Feet.     The  parts  of  the  body  below  the  ankles;  the  lowest  part  of 

anything 
Ground  floor.     The  floor  of  a  building  beneath  the  principal  story; 

the  floor  on  a  level  with  the  ground. 
Heels.     The  back  part  of  the  feet. 
Hold.     The  lowest  part  of  a  ship. 

Lowlands.     A  tract  of  land  lower  than  the  adjacent  country. 
Low  tide.     The  falling,  or  the  recession  of  the  water  to  the  ocean. 
Low  water.     The  height  of  the  water  below  a  fixed  mark. 
Mole-hill.     A  little  heap  or  ridge  of  earth  thrown  up  by  a  mole  in 

burrowing. 
Neap  tide.     The  low  tide  occurring  after  the  first  and  third  quarters 

of  the  moon. 
Res  de  ckaussie  [F.|.     The  ground  floor. 
Spring  tide.     The  high  tide  occurring  after  the  new  and  full  moon 

Lowness- — Verbs. 
Below,  etc.     To  be  depressed,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Crouch.     To  stoop  low. 
Grovel.     To  lie  prostrate 
Lie  flat.  1  „   ,    , 
Lielow./Tobelow- 

Lower,  etc.     To  make  low,  etc.     See  Elevation-Depression 
Slouch.     To  hang  down  carelessly. 
Underlie.     To  lie  beneath . 
Wallow.     To  roll  about,  as  in  mire. 

Lowness — Adjectives. 
Be  low.     In  a  low  condition. 
Crouched.     In  a  cringing  condition. 
Debased.     Lowered. 
Flat.     Not  elevated. 
'  Level  with  the  ground.     In  the  same  plane  as  the  ground. 
Low.     Having  little  upward  elevation. 

Lying  low,  etc.     Resting  in  a  low  condition,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Neap.     Low  or  lowest. 
Nether.     Lower. 
Nethermost.     Lowest. 

Prostrate,  etc.     Fallen  low  or  flat,  etc.     See  Erectness-Flatness. 
Squat.     Crouching;  short  and  low. 
Subjacent.     Lying  underneath. 

Lo  w  n  e  ss — A  dverbs. 
Adown.     Downward;  down. 
At  a  low  ebb.     At  low  tide. 
At  the  foot  of.     At  the  bottom  of. 
Below.     Underneath;  under. 
Below  par.     Below  face  value. 

Below  stairs.     At  the  foot  of  the  stairs.     [High  Life  Below  Stairs.} 
Down.     From  higher  to  lower  level. 
Downstairs.     Below  the  stairs. 
Downward.     From  higher  to  lower  position. 
Under.     Situated  below. 
Under  foot.     Beneath  the  feet. 
Under  ground .     Beneath  or  below  the  ground. 
Underneath.     Below. 


HEIGHT. 


500 


HELICON. 


HEIGHT  — Denotai  ions,  etc. — Continued. 


Moor.     An  extensive  waste  covered  with  patches  of  heath. 

Moorland.     Land  consisting  of  moors. 

Mound.     An  artificial  hill  or  elevation  of  earth, 

Mount.     A  mountain 

Mountain.     A   portion   of  the  earth's   surface  rising  considerably 

above  the  common  level. 
Obelisk.     An  upright,  four-sided  p'llao,  tapering  to  a  point. 
Peak.     The  top  of  a  hill  or  mountain. 
Pike .     A  pointed  or  peaked  hil  1 
Pikestaff.     A  long  staff  with  a  spike  in  the  lower  end,  to  guard 

against  slipping. 
Pillar.     A  firm,  upright  support  for  a  structure. 
Pole.     A  long,  slender  piece  of  wood. 
Promontory.     A  high  cape. 
Ridge.     A  range  of  hills  or  mountains. 


Rising  ground.     Ground  higher  than  the  common  level. 

Spire.     The  roof  of  a  tower,  of  a  pyramidal  form  and  very  high  in 

proportion  to  its  width. 
Spring  tide.     The  high  tide. 
Steeple.     A  spire. 

Steeps.     A  precipitous  hill,  mountain,  or  rock. 
Top.     The  highest  point  of  anything. 
Topgallant  mast.     The  mast  next  above  the  topmast. 
Topmast.     The  second  mast,  or  that  next  above  the  lower  mast. 
Tor.     A  high  hill  or  peak. 
Tower.     A  building  standing  alone,  and  high  in  proportion  to  it? 

diameter. 
Turret,     A  little  tower. 
Upland.     High  land. 
Vantage  ground.     Elevated  position  which  gives  one  an  advantage 


Height — Verbs. 


Become  high,  etc.     To  grow  elevated,  etc.    See  Adjectives. 

Be  high,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Beetle.     To  project  out. 

Bestride.     To  step  over;  to  surpass. 

Cap.     To  surmount;  surpass 

Command.     To  overlook. 

Cover,  etc.     To  cap;  overspread.     See  Cover. 

Culminate.     To  reach  the  highest  point. 

Grow.  ^ 

Grow  higher.  >To  increase  in  height. 

Grow  taller,    J 

Hang  over.     To  be  greater  in  height. 

Heighten,  etc.     To  make  higher,  etc      See  Elevation. 

Hover.     To  hang  over. 


Impend.     Overhang. 

Mount.     To  rise  higher;  go  up. 

Overhang.     To  be  higher  than. 

Overtop,  etc.     To  be  higher  than,  etc.     See  Supremacy. 

Perch.     To  fix  on  an  elevated  place. 

Render  high,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Ride.     To  be  seated  on  top  of,  as  on  a  horse. 

Rise,  etc.     To  go  upward,  etc.     See  Ascent. 

Soar.     To  float  through  the  air;  to  fly  upward- 

Stand  on  tiptoe.     To  stretch  oneself  out  to  his  full  height. 

Surmount.     To  rise  above;  mount  above. 

Tower.     To  rise  to  a  great  height. 

TJpgrow.     To  grow  up. 


Height — Adjectives. 


Aerial.     Pertaining  to  the  upper  air. 

Alpine.     Like  the  Alps. 

Beetling.     Jutting;  prominent. 

Cloud-capped.     \ 

Cloud-topped.     >  High  as  the  clouds. 

Cloud-touching,  j 

Elevated,  etc.     Raised  up;  made  high,  etc      See  Elevation 

Eminent.     Surpassing;  very  high. 

Exalted.     Raised  to  a  position  of  prominence. 

Gigantic,  etc.     Of  great  size,  etc.     See  Greatness. 

Hanging.     Suspended  in  the  air. 

Heaven-kissing.     As  high  as  heaven;  very  high      [Hamlet,  Ill.iv.] 

High.     Elevated;  lofty;  tall. 

Highest,  etc.     Topmost;  crowning,  etc.     See  Top 

Hilly.     Rugged;  like  hills. 

Incumbent.     Placed  above,  or  leaning  upon  something. 

Lanky,  etc.     Thin  and  tall,  etc.     See  Breadth-Narrowness. 

Lofty.     Very  high. 

Moorland.     Like  the  moorland. 


Mountainous.     Hilly;  elevated;  like  the  region  of  mountains 
Overhanging,  etc.     Jutting  out  over,  or  appearing  to,  as  rocky  cliff* 

etc.     See  Verbs. 
Overlying.     Placed  above. 

Patagonian.     Like  an  inhabitant  of  Patagonia;  very  tall. 
Prominent,  etc.     In  bold  relief,  etc.     See  Convexity. 
Soaring.     Floating  on  high . 
Sub-Alpine.     Under  the  Alps. 
Superimposed.     Placed  above. 
Superincumbent.     Resting  on  something. 
Supernatant.     Floating  or  swimming  above. 
Tall.     Of  great  height 
Tall  as  a  Maypole. \ 
Tall  as  a  poplar.      >Very  tall. 
Tall  as  a  steeple,     j 
Towering.     Very  high. 
Upper.     Above. 
Upland .     High  in  situation . 


Height — Adverbs,  etc. 


Above.     Higher  up;  overhead;  over  the  surrounding  surface. 

Above  stairs.     At  the  top  of  the  steps. 

Airward .     Up  in  the  air. 

Aloft.     On  high;  in  a  high  place. 

Aloof.     Apart;  at  a  distance;  above. 

Breast  high.    As  high  as  the  breast. 

En  haul  [F.].     Above. 

From  top  to  bottom,  etc.     Along  its  full  height.     See  Entirety. 

High  up.     Above;  aloft. 

In  the  clouds.     On  high 


On  high.     Above;  aloft;  high  up. 

On  stilts.  )n. 

On  tiptoe,  j  ^ised  up. 

On  the  shoulders  of .     As  high  as  a  person. 

Over.     Above. 

Overhead.     Above  the  head. 

Over  head  and  ears.     Above  the  height  of  a  person. 

Up.     Above. 

Upstairs.     In  the  higher  part  of  a  building. 

Upwards.     Toward  a  higher  place. 


Height — Phrase, 
kmeglio  cader  dalle  finest™  che  dal  tetto  [It. J.     It  is  better  to  fall  from  the  window  than  from  the  roof. 


height'-en.  To  exaggerate;  intensify;  elevate.  Alle- 
viation-Aggravation ,  Gull-Hyperbole,  Increase- 
Decrease,  Injection-Ejection. 

height'-en-ing.  A  raising  up;  an  elevation.  Allevia- 
tion-Aggravation. 

heights.  That  which  is  high.  Height-Lowness,  Top- 
Bottom. 

hei'-nous.     Extremely  wicked.     Virtue-Vice. 

heir.  One  who  becomes  entitled  to  a  deceased  person's 
estate.  Future-Past,  Holder,  Parentage-Prog- 
eny. 


heir'-ess.  A  female  heir.  Holder,  Parentage-Prog- 
eny. 

heir'-loom" .  A  piece  of  personal  property  or  a  quality, ' 
endowment,  or  the  like,  that  is  inherited.  Property. 

heir'-ship.  The  right  of  inheriting.  Holding-Ex- 
emption. 

heg'-i-ra.     A  flight.     Arrival-Departure. 

he-li'-ac-al.     Pertaining  to  the  sun.     Universe. 

hel'-i-cal.     Having  a  spiral  shape.     Circle-Winding. 

Hel'-i-con.  A  mountain  in  Bceotia,  the  residence  of 
Apollo  and  the  Muses.     Poetry. 


HELIOCHROME. 


501 


HERE. 


he'-li-o-chrome .  A  photograph  in  natural  colors. 
Li«-ht-Darkness. 

He"-li-o-ga'-ba-lus.  A  Roman  emperor  killed  by  his 
soldiers.    Moderation- Voluptuary. 

he'-li-o-graph.  A  photograph  taken  by  sunlight. 
Painting. 

he"-li-o-'graph'-ic .  Of  or  pertaining  to  heliography. 
Light-Darkness. 

he"-li-og'-ra-phy.  The  operation  of  transmitting  sig- 
nals with  a  heliograph;  photography.  Light- Dark- 
ness, Painting. 

he"-li-o-gra'-vure.     Photo-engraving.     Engraving. 

he"-li-ol'-a-try.     Sun-worship.     Devotion-Idolatry. 

he"-li-om'-e-ter.  An  instrument  for  measuring  small 
angles  in  the  heavens.     Mensuration. 

he'-li-o-scope".  A  telescope  in  which  the  eyes  are  pro- 
tected while  looking  at  the  sun.     Mensuration. 

he'-li-o-trope".  A  green  chalcedony.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement. 

he'-li-c-type".  A  picture  obtained  by  a  process  similar 
to  lithography.     Engraving,  Painting. 

he'-li-um.     An  element.     Chemistry. 

he'-lix.  A  spiral.  Anatomy,  Architecture,  Circle- 
Winding,  Electricity. 

hell.  The  infernal  regions;  a  place  of  evil;  the  abode 
of  evil  spirits.  Deepness-Shallowness,  Heaven- 
Hell,  Purpose-Luck;  hell  broke  loose,  Regularity- 
Irregularity;  hell  upon  earth,  Pleasure-Pain, 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

hell'-born".  Born  in  hell.  Angel-Satan,  Virtue- 
Vice. 

hell'-cat".    Spiteful  woman.    Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

hel'-ler.     Coin.     Values. 

hell'-hag".  An  evil  old  woman.  Benefactor-Evil- 
doer. 

hell'-ish.  Pertaining  to  hell;  diabolical.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence,  Heaven-Hell,   Virtue-Vice. 

helluo  librorum  [L.]  (hel'-liu-o  lai-bro'-rum) .  A  book- 
worm.    Scholar-Dunce. 

helm.  A  place  of  control  or  responsibility;  the  steering 
apparatus  of  a  vessel.  Instrument,  Scepter;  an- 
swer the  helm,  Insubordination-Obedience;  at  the 
helm,  Management;  obey  the  helm,  Difficulty- 
Facility;  take  the  helm,  Management. 

hel'-met.  A  defensive  armor  for  the  head;  a  dome-like 
hat.     Defiance,  Dress-Undress. 

hel"-min-thol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  worms.  Zoology- 
Botany. 

helms'-man".     A  steersman.     Manager. 

hel'-ot.     A  slave.     Chief-Underling. 

help.  Aid;  a  -servant;  remedy.  Chief-Underling, 
Ctiving-Receiving,  Obstruction-Help,  Remedy- 
Bane,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  God  help  you, 
Compassion-Ruthlessness;  help  oneself  to,  Taking- 
Restitution;  it  can't  be  helped,  Contentedness- 
Discontentment,  Sensitiveness-Apathy,  Yield- 
ing; so  help  me  God,  Assertion-Denial. 

help'-er.     One  who  assists.     Antagonist-Assistant. 

help'-ful.     Affording  aid.     Obstruction-Help. 

help'-less.  Unable  to  help  oneself;  destitute.  Might- 
Impotence,  Security-Insecurity. 

help'-less-ness.  Inability  to  help  oneself.  Might-Im- 
potence. 

help'-mate".  A  coworker;  a  wife.  Antagonist-As- 
sistant, Matrimony-Celibacy. 

hel'-ter-skel'-ter.  Confused  hurry.  Hurry-Leisure, 
Regularity- Irregularity. 

helve  af'-ter  the  hatch'-et,  throw  the.  Extravagance- 
Avarice. 

hem.  A  fold  made  in  the  edge  of  a  cloth;  an  inter- 
jection. Astonishment-Expectance,  Border,  Pli- 
cature;  hem  in,  Release-Restraint;  kiss  the  hem 
of  one's  garment,  Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

hem'-i.     Half.     Doubling-Halving. 


hem"-i-he'-drism.  One-half  the  parts  crystalizcd. 
Mineralogy. 

hem"-i-mor'-phism.  A  crystal  whose  two  ends  have 
unlike  planes.     Mineralogy. 

hem'-i-sphere.     A  half-sphere.     Extension-District. 

hem"-i-spher'-ic.  Pertaining  to  a  hemisphere.  Con- 
vexity-Concavity. 

hem'-lock.    A  poisonous  biennial  herb.   Remedy-Bane. 

hem'-or-rhage.  A  discharge  of  blood.  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

hemp.  A  strong  fiber  obtained  from  a  plant.  Lamina- 
Fiber. 

hen.  A  female  fowl.  Fauna-Flora,  Male-Female; 
hen  with  one  chicken,  Activity-Indolence. 

hen'-bane".    A  poisonous  coarse  herb.    Remedy-Bane. 

hence.  Away  from  this  place;  from  this  cause;  there- 
fore. Arrival -Departure,  Ratiocination -In- 
stinct, Ration  ale-Luck;  hence  loathed  melancholy, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

hence"-forth'.    From  this  time  on.    Future-Past. 

hence"-for'-ward.  From  this  time  forward.  Future- 
Past. 

hench'-man.    A  male  servant.     Chief-Underling. 

hen'-coop".  A  place  for  confining  hens.  Domestica- 
tion-Agriculture. 

hen'-pecked" .  Domineered  over  by  one's  wife.  In- 
subordination-Obedience, Liberty-Subjection. 

hep'-ta-gon.  A  plane  figure  of  seven  sides.  Angw- 
larity. 

Her"-a-cli'-tus.  A  Greek  philosopher.  Jubilation- 
Lamentation. 

Heraclitus  rideret  [L.]  (her-a-clai'-tus  rai-di"-ret) .  Hera- 
clitus  would  smile.     Society-Ludicrousness. 

her'-ald.  To  proclaim;  a  proclaimer;  a  forerunner. 
Leading-Following,  Messenger,  Predecessor- 
Continuation,  Prophecy,  Publicity. 

her'-ald-ry.  The  science  which  treats  of  the  explana- 
tion of  coats  of  arms.     Sign. 

herb.  A  plant  not  possessing  a  woody  stem.  Fauna- 
Flora. 

her-ba'-ceous.  Having  the  character  of  an  herb. 
Fauna-Flora. 

herb'-age.     Herbs,  collectively.     Fauna-Flora. 

herb'-al.     An  herbarium.     Zoology-Botany. 

her-ba'-ri-um.  A  collection  of  dried  plants.  Zoology- 
Botany. 

her-biv'-o-rous.  Feeding  on  vegetable  matter.  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion. 

her"-bc-ri-za'-tion.  Botanical  research.  Zoology- 
Botany. 

herb'-o-rize.  To  search  for  new  plants.  Zoology- 
Botany. 

Her-cu'-le-an.  Requiring  much  labor;  very  strong; 
very  difficult.  Difficulty-Facility,  Strength- 
Weakness,  Toil-Relaxation. 

Herculem,  ex  pede   [L.]  (her'-kiu-lem,  ex  pi'-di).     We 
judge  the  whole  from  the  specimen.     Convention 
alitv-Unconventionality,  Sign. 

Her'-cu-les.  A  man  of  great  size  and  strength. 
Strength-Weakness,  Suspension-Support;  pillars 
of  Hercules,  Boundary,  Sign. 

herd.  A  crowd.  Gathering-Scattering,  Multi- 
plicity-Paucity. 

HerdistGoldeswerth,  eigner  [G.]  (herd  ist  gol'-des  vert, 
aiH'-ner).  One's  own  hearth  has  golden  worth. 
Dweller-Habitation,  Goodness-Badness. 

herds'-man".  One  who  owns  or  tends  a  herd.  Chiep- 
Underling. 

here.  At  this  place;  hither;  in  the  present  life.  Ap- 
proach-Withdrawal, Arrival-Departure,  Posi- 
tion, Presence-Absence;  here  and  there,  Exten- 
sion-Place, Gathering-Scattering,  Multiplicity- 
Paucity,  Position;  here  below,  universe  ;  here 
goes,  Enterprise;  here,  there,  and  everywhere,  Ex- 


HERE. 


502 


HIDE. 


tension-Inextension,    Presence-Absence,    Uni- 
formity-Diversity ;  here  to-day  and  gone  to-morrow, 
Lastingness-Transientness. 
here'-a-bouts".    In  this  neighborhood.     Position,  Re- 
moteness-Nearness. 
here-aft'-er.     At  some  future  time.     Future-Past. 
here-by'.     By  means  of  this.     Purpose-Luck. 
her"-e-dit'-a-ment.     Anything  capable  of  being  inheri- 
ted.    Property. 
he-red'-i-ta-ry.     Endowed  naturally  with  certain  traits 
and    tendencies;    deriving  by  inheritance.     Cause- 
Effect,  Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 
here-in'.     In  this.     Outside-Inside. 
her'-e-sy.     Opposition   to   established   doctrine.     Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy, Truth-Error. 
her'-e-tic.     One  who  denies  commonly  accepted  views. 

Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Patriotism-Treason. 
he-ret'-ic-al.     At  variance  with  accepted  beliefs.     Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy, Truth-Error. 
here"-to-fore'.      Previously.      Credulousness-Skep- 

ticism,  Future-Past. 
here"-up-on'.     Upon  this.     Duration-Neverness. 
here-with'.     With  this.     Means,  Solitude-Company. 
her'-it-age.     That  which  is  inherited.     Future-Past, 

Holding-Exemption,  Property. 
her'-i-tor.     A  holder  in  a  parish.     Holder. 
her-maph'-ro-dite.     Having  the  sexual  characteristics 
of  both  sexes.     Biology,  Conventionality-Uncon- 
ventionality;  hermaphrodite    brig,    Conveyance- 
Vessel. 
her"-me-neu'-tics.     The     interpretation     of     literary 

works.     Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 
Her'-mes.     The  herald  of  the  gods.    Speech-Inarticu- 
lateness. 
her-met'-ic-al-ly.     Sealed   by   hermetic   process.     Ap- 
erture-Closure. 
her'-mit.     One  who  abandons  society  and  lives  alone; 

an  anchorite.     Austerity,  Sociability-Privacy. 
her'-mit-age.     A   retreat;  cell.     Contents-Receiver, 

Dweller-Habitation,  Sociability-Privacy. 
he'-ro.  A  man  distinguished  for  valor,  bravery,  and  the 
like.     Bravery-Cowardice,  Good  Man-Bad  Man, 
Reputation-Discredit;  hero   worship,   Approval- 
Disapproval,  Devotion-Idolatry. 
Her'-od,  out"-Her'-od.     To  surpass  in  violence  and  cru- 
elty.    Gull-Hyperbole. 
he-ro'-ic.     Having  the  characteristics  of  a  hero.     Bra- 
very-Cowardice,   Good   Man-Bad  Man.  Reputa- 
tion -  Discredit,       Unselfishness  -  Selfishness; 
mock-heroic,  Society-Ludicrousness. 
he-ro'-ics.     Bombastic  language.     Bragging. 
her'-o-ism.     Heroic  character.     Bravery-Cowardice. 
her"-pe-tol'-o-gy.     The  science  which  treats  of  reptiles 

and  amphibians.     Zoology-Botany. 
her'-ring.      Pungent   and   salty  as  a  herring.     Pun- 
gency; trail  of  a  herring,  Motive-Caprice. 
her'-ring-gut'-ted.     Very  slender.     Breadth-Narrow- 
ness 
hes'-i-tan-cy.  A  pausing  to  consider.  Determination- 
Vacillation. 
hes'-i-tate.   To  be  doubtful  as  to  action  or  decision ;  fal- 
ter in  speech.  Certainty-Doubt,  Determination- 
Vacillation,  Faith-Misgiving,  Readiness-Reluc- 
tance, Sanguineness-Timidity,  Speech-Inarticu- 
lateness. 
hes'-i-ta"-ting.     In  doubt.     Determination-Vacilla- 
tion. 
hes"-i-ta'-tion.  Vacillation;  doubt;  uncertainty;  slow- 
ness of  speech.     Certainty-Doubt,    Determina- 
tion-Vacillation,  Readiness-Reluctance,   San- 
guineness-Hopelessness,    Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness. 
Hes-pe'-ri-an.     In  the  West.    Laterality-Contrapo- 

sition. 
Hes-per'-i-des,  Gar'-den  of  the.  The  delightful  garden 


where  the  golden  apples  of  Juno  were  kept.  Heaven- 
Hell. 
Hes'-sian   boot.     A   boot   worn   by   Hessian    soldiers. 

Dress-Undress. 
hest.     A  command.     Order. 
hesierni  quirites[L.]  (hes-ter'-nai  qui-rai'-tiz) .     Slaves 

recently  set  free.     Gentility-Democracy. 
het'-er-arch"-y.     The  government  of  an  alien.     Rule- 
License. 
het'-er-o-clite.     Inflected  irregularly.    Conventional- 

ity-Unconventionality. 
het'-er-o-dox.     At  variance  with  commonly  accepted 

doctrine.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 
het'-er-o-dox"-y.     Doctrine  at  variance  with  an  accep- 
ted standard.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 
het"-er-o-ge-ne'-i-ty.     Unlikeness  of  constituent  parts. 

Connection-Independence. 
het"-er-o-ge'-ne-ous.  Composed  of  dissimilar  elements 
mixed.  Connection-Independence,  Convention- 
ality-Unconventionality,  Mineralogy,  Mixture- 
Homogeneity,  Uniformity-Multiformity,  Varia- 
tion. 
het"-er-on'-o-my.  Subjected  to  the  authority  of  another. 

Rule-License. 
het'-man.     A  general  of  the  Cossacks.     Chief-Under- 
ling. 
hew.     To  cut  with  a  sharp  instrument;  fashion.  Form- 
Formlessness,     Length-Shortness,     Union-Dis- 
union; hew  down,  Elevation-Depression. 
hew'-ersof  wood.     Wood-cutters.     Agent,  Gentility- 
Democracy. 
hex'-a-gon.      A  plane  figure  of  six  sides.     Angular- 
ity. 
hex-ag'-on-al.     Having  six   sides;  hexagonal    system, 

Mineralogy. 
hex"-a-he'-dron.    A  solid  bounded  by  six  plane  faces. 

Angularity,  Mineralogy. 
hex-am'-e-ter.     A  verse  of  six  feet.     Poetry-Prose, 

Rhetoric 
hex-oc"-ta-he'-dron.     Form  of  crystal.    Mineralogy. 
hey.     An  exclamation  to  attract  attention.     Address- 
Response. 
hey'-day".     An  expression  of  joy  or  wonder.     Aston- 
ishment-Expectance,Entertainment-Weariness, 
Expectation-Surprise,  Jubilation-Lamentation, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection  ;  heydey  of  the  blood, 
Affections;  heydey  of  youth,  Infancy-Age. 
hi-a'-tion.      The    act    of    gaping.       Aperture  -  Clo- 
sure. 
hi-a'-tus.     A  break  or  interruption.     Interspace-Con- 
tact, Presence-Absence. 
hiatus  maxime  deflendus  [L.]   (hoi-e'-tus  max  -i-mi  di- 
flen'-dus).     A  deficiency  much  to  be  regretted.     In- 
terspace-Contact. 
hi-ber'-nal.     Pertaining  to  winter.     Heat-Cold. 
Hi-ber'-ni-cism.     An     Irish     idiom    or   peculiarity  of 

speech.     Adage-Nonsense,  Word-Neology. 
hic'-cup.     A  short  inspiratory  movement,  attended  by 
a  convulsive  contraction  of  the  diaphragm.  Appear- 
ance-Disappearance. 
hie  jacet  [L.]  (hie  je'-set).     Here  lies.     Life-Funeral. 
hie  labor,  hoc  opus  [L.]  (hie  le'-bor,hoc  o'-pus).     This  is 

labor,  this  is  work.     Difficulty-Facility. 
hid.     Concealed.    Hid  under  a  bushel,  Carefulness- 
Carelessness. 
hi-dal'-go.     Coin;    Spanish    nobleman   of    the   lower 

classes.  Gentility-Democracy,  Values. 
hid'-den.  Secreted.  Clearness-Obscurity,  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy; hidden  meaning,  Manifestation- 
Latency. 
hide.  To  conceal;  the  skin  of  a  large  animal.  Cover- 
Lining,  Enlightenment  -  Secrecy;  hide  and 
seek.  Entertainment-Weariness,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud;  hide  diminished  head,  Extra vagance-Ava- 


HIDE. 


503 


HILT. 


rice,  Increase-Decrease,  Supremacy-Subordina- 
cy;  hide  one's  face,  Conceit-Diffidence. 

hide'-bound".  Narrow-minded;  niggardly.  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Extravagance- Avarice,  Release- 
Restraint. 

hid'-e-ous.     Exciting  terror.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

hi'-ding-place".  A  place  of  concealment;  a  refuge. 
Dweller-Habitation,  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Exposure-Hidingplace,  Refuge-Pitfall. 

hie.  To  go;  hurry.  Movement-Rest,  Swiftness- 
Slowness;  hie  to,  Traveling-Navigation. 

hi'-er-arch.  The  chief  of  a  sacred  order.  Ministry- 
Laity. 

hi"-er-arch'  ic-al.  Pertaining  to  an  ecclesiastical  rule. 
Church. 

hi'-er-arch"-y.  A  body  of  ecclesiastical  rulers.  Church. 

hi"-er-o-glyph'-ic.  Sacred  writing;  Egyptian  picture- 
writing.  Delineation-Caricature,  Letter,  Writ- 
ing-Printing. 

hi"-er-o-glyph'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  picture-writing. 
Writing-Printing. 

hi"-e-rog'-ra-pha.  Sacred  writings.  Revelation- 
Pseudorevelation. 

hi"-er-ol'-a-try.  The  scientific  study  of  religions.  De- 
votion-Idolatry. 

hi'-er-c-man"-cy.  Divination  by  observing  things  of- 
fered in  sacrifice.     Prophecy. 

hi-er'-o-phant.  The  chief  priest  of  the  Eleusinian  mys- 
teries.    Ministry-Laity. 

hi"-er-os'-co-py.  Divination  by  examining  the  entrails 
of  sacrificed  victims.     Prophecy. 

hig'-gle.  To  be  difficult  in  making  a  bargain.  Ex- 
change. 

hig'-gle-dy-pig'-gle-dy.  In  a  disordered  state.  Regu- 
larity-Irregularity. 

hig'-gler.     One  who  peddles.     Buying-Sale. 

high.  Elevated;  expensive;  intense;  prominent;  proud. 
Cacophony,  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Costliness- 
Cheapness,  Height-Lowness,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness,  Perfume-Stench,  Reputation-Discredit, 
Selfrespect  -  Humbleness,  Unselfishness-Self- 
ishness; from  on  high,  Heaven-Hell;  high  and  dry, 
Mutability-Stability,  Security-Insecurity;  high 
and  mighty,  Gentility-Democracy,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness;  high  art,  Painting;  high  celebra- 
tion, Ceremonial;  high  color,  Artist,  Color- 
Achromatism;  high  days  and  holidays,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness; high  descent,  Gentility-Democ- 
racy; high  flood,  Entirety-Deficiency;  high  glee, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection;  high  hand,  Deter- 
mination-Vacillation, Harshness-Mildness,  Law- 
Lawlessness,  Rule-License,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness; high  holiday,  Entertainment-Weariness; 
high  in  tone,  Whiteness-Blackness;  high  life,  Gen- 
tility-Democracy, Society-Ludicrousness;  high 
living,  Moderation-Selfindulgence;  highly  respec- 
table, Gentility-Democracy;  high  mass,  Ceremo- 
nial; high  mightiness,  Reputation-Discredit;  high 
note,  Cacophony,  Resonance-Sibilation;  high 
notions,  Selfrespect-Humbleness;  high  places, 
Top-Bottom;  high  pressure,  Excitation,  Vigor- 
Inertia;  high  price,  Costliness-Cheapness;  high 
priest,  Ministry-Laity;  high  relief,  Convexity-Con- 
cavity; high  repute,  Reputation-Discredit;  high 
seas,  Ocean-Land;  high  spirits,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection;  high  tide,  River-Wind,  Welfare-Mis- 
fortune; high  time,  Earliness-Lateness,  Oppor- 
tuneness-Unsuitableness;  high  treason,  Insub- 
ordination-Obedience, Uprightness-Dishonesty; 
high  words,  Favorite-Anger,  Strife-Peace,  Vari- 
ance-Accord; in  a  high  degree,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness;  in  high  esteem,  Regard-Disrespect;  in  high 
feather,  Bragging,  Health-Sickness,  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection,    Strength-Weakness,     Wel- 


fare-Misfortune; in  high  quarters,  Gentility-De- 
mocracy; in  high  spirits,  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion; on  high,  Height-Lowness;  on  one's  high  ropes, 
Brawler,  Excitation,  Favorite-Anger;  on  the 
high  road  to,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness,  Way, 
ride  the  high  horse,  Selfrespect-Humbleness;  think 
highly  of,  Approval-Disapproval. 

high'-born".     Of  noble  birth.    Gentility-Democracy. 

high'-er.     More  high.     Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

high'-est.    Topmost.    Height-Lowness,  Top-Bottom. 

high'-fla"-vored.     Highly  spiced.     Pungency. 

high'-fli"-er.  One  who  is  extreme  in  his  opinions  or 
pretensions.  Saneness-Maniac,  Selfrespect-Hum- 
bleness. 

high'-flow"-ing.  Extravagant  in  style.  Simplicity- 
Floridness. 

high'-flown".  Extravagant  in  style;  proud;  puffed  up. 
Conceit-Diffidence,  Fancy,  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness, Selfrespect-Humbleness,  Simplicity- 
Floridness. 

high'-fly"-ing.  Ostentatious;  high-flown.  Gull-Hy- 
perbole, Heed-Disregard,  Sensitiveness. 

high'-hand"-ed.  Arbitrary.  Presumption-Obsequi- 
ousness, Selfrespect-Humbleness,  Tyranny-An- 
archy. 

high'-lands.  An  elevation  of  land.  Height-Lowness, 
Ocean-Land. 

high'-low".     A  high-laced  shoe.     Dress-Undress. 

high'-met"-tled.  High-spirited.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Excitability-Inexcitability,  Selfrespect-Hum- 
bleness. 

high'-mind"-ed.  Magnanimous;  noble.  Selfrespect- 
Humbleness,  Unselfishness -Selfishness,  Up 
rightn  ess-Dishonesty. 

high'-ness.  A  title  belonging  to  persons  cf  princely 
rank.     Title. 

high'-plumed".  Proud;  dignified.  Selfrespect-Hum- 
bleness. 

high'-priced."    Costly;  dear.    Costliness-Cheapness 

high'-priest".  A  chief  priest.  Chief-Underling,  De- 
votion-Idolatry. 

high'-sea"-soned.     Highly  spiced.     Pungency'. 

high'-souled".  Showing  high  principles.  Selfrespect- 
Humbleness. 

high'-sound"-ing.  Ostentatious;  loud.  Loudness- 
Faintness,  Pomp,  Simplicity-Floridness;  high- 
sounding  words,  Simplicity-Floridness. 

high'-spir"-it-ed.  Full  of  spirit ;  impetuous.  Bravery 
Cowardice,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

hight.     To  call;  name.     Name-Misnomer. 

high'-toned".  Aristocratic;  of  high  principles.  Self 
respect-Humbleness. 

high'-wa"-ter.  The  time  when  the  tide  has  reached  its 
height.  Entirety-Deficiency,  Friction-Lubrica- 
tion, Height-Lowness,  Water-Air;  high-water 
mark,  Mensuration. 

high'-way".  A  specified  line  of  travel.  Way;  highways 
and  byways,  Way. 

high'-way"-man.  A  robber  who  plunders  on  public 
roads.     Robber. 

high'-wrought".  Finely  and  skilfully  worked;  of 
strained  emotions.  Excitation,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

hi-la'-ri-ous.  In  high  spirits.  Lightheartedness 
Dejection. 

hi-lar'-i-ty.  Noisy  merriment.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection. 

hill.  A  natural  elevation  of  land.  Ascent-Descent. 
Convexity-Concavity,  Height-Lowness,  Paral- 
lelism-Inclination; old  as  the  hills,  Novelty-An- 
tiquity. 

hill'-ock.     A  little  hill.     Height-Lowness. 

hilt.  The  handle  and  guard  of  a  sword  or  similar 
weapon.     Instrument. 


HINC. 


504 


HOC. 


hinc  ilia  lachrymce  [L.]  (hinc  il'-li  lac'-ri-mi) .  Hence 
these  tears.  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Ra- 
tionale-Luck. 

hind.  Belonging  to  the  rear;  a  farm  laborer.  Anteri- 
ority-Posteriority, Gentility-Democracy;  on 
one's  hind  legs,  Elevation-Depression,  Favorite- 
Anger. 

hin'-der.  To  impede  the  progress,  action,  or  the  like. 
Attack-Defense,  Obstruction-Help. 

hin'-der-er.     One  who  hinders.     Obstruction-Help. 

hin'-der-ing.     Checking.     Obstruction-Aid. 

hind'-er-most".  The  farthest  from  the  front.  Anteri- 
ority-Posteriority, Beginning-End. 

hind'-most".  In  the  extreme  rear.  ANTERIORITY-POS- 
TERIORITY. 

hin'-drance.  The  act  of  hindering  or  that  which  hin- 
ders. Antagonism-Concurrence,  Leave-Prohibi- 
tion,  Obstruction-Help,  Release-Restraint. 

Hin'-du-ism.  The  religious  beliefs  of  the  Hindus. 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

hinge.  The  joint  or  fastening  upon  which  a  door,  or 
the  like,  swings;  that  upon  which  anything  depends. 
Cause-Effect,  .Connective,  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion, Union-Disunion. 

hin'-ny.  The  offspring  of  a  stallion  and  a  she  ass. 
Conveyer. 

hint.  To  suggest  indirectly;  a  covert  or  indirect  allu- 
sion. Enlightenment-,  ecrecy,  Hypothesis,  Re- 
membrance-Forgetfulness,  Sign  ;  hint  a  fault,  etc., 
Approval-Disapproval;  take  a  hint,  Sagacity-In- 
capacity. 

hip.  The  lateral  part  of  the  body  between  the  brim  of 
the  pelvis  and  the  free  part  of  the  thigh.  Anatomy, 
Laterality-Contraposition;  have  on  the  hip,  Lib- 
erty-Subjection, Proof-Disproof,  Rule-License, 
Success-Failure. 

hip'-knob".     Finial.     Architecture. 

hip"-po-cen'-taur.  A  centaur.  Uniformity-Multi- 
formity. 

Hip-poc'-ra-tes.  A  famous  Greek  physician  (fifth  cen- 
tury, B.  C).     Remedy-Bane. 

hip"-po-crat'-ic.  Having  pale,  sunken,  and  contracted 
features  in  disease.     Life-Death. 

hip'-po-drome.  A  race-course  for  horses  and  chariots; 
a  modern  circus.     Acting,  Lists. 

hip'-po-grif.  A  fabulous  animal,  half  horse  and  half 
griffin.    Conventionality-Unconventionality. 

Hip-pol'-y-tus.  A  Greek  bishop  and  martyr.  Purity- 
Impurity. 

hip-poph'-a-gy.  The  practise  of  eating  horse-flesh. 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

hip"-po-pot'-a-mus.  A  large,  thick-skinned,  short- 
legged,  amphibious  animal;  a  river-horse.  Great- 
ness-Littleness. 

hir'-die-gir'-die.     Topsyturvy.     Reversal. 

hire.  To  grant  the  use  of  for  pay.  Commission-Abro- 
gation, Loan-Borrowing,  Phenomenon,  Recom- 
pense-Punition;  on  hire,  Proffer-Refusal. 

hire'-ling.  A  person  serving  for  hire.  Chief-Under- 
ling. 

hir'-sute.  Having  a  hairy  covering.  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

his'-pid.  Rough  with  stiff  hairs.  Smoothness-Rough- 
ness. 

hiss.  To  make  a  sibilant  sound;  utter  a  hiss  in  con- 
tempt or  disapprobation.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Gry-Ululation,  Regard- Disrespect,  Regard- 
Scorn,  Resonance-Nonresonance. 

hiss'-ing.  A  hiss.  Approval  -  Disapproval,  Reso- 
nance-Sibilation. 

hist.  Be  silent.  Talkativeness-Taciturnity,  Ad- 
dress-Response. 

bls-tol'-c-gy.  That  branch  of  biology  which  treats  of 
the  microscopic  structure  of  organic  tissues.  Biol- 
ogy, Texture. 


his-to'-ri-an.  One  who  writes,  compiles,  or  relates  a  his- 
tory.    Account,  Recorder. 

his-tor'-ic.  Mentioned  or  celebrated  in  history.  Ac- 
count. 

his-tor'-ic-al.  Of  or  pertaining  to  history.  Artist, 
Painting. 

his-to"-ri-ette'.     A  short  history.     Account. 

his-to"-ri-og'-ra-pher.  One  who  writes  history  Re- 
corder. 

his-to"-ri-og'-ra-phy.  The  art  or  occupation  of  an  his- 
torian.    Account. 

his'-to-ry.  A  systematic  account  of  past  e\  ents.  Ac- 
count, Mark-Obliteration;  natural  history,  Cr.- 
ganization-Inorganization. 

his"-tri-on'-ic.  Pertaining  to  the  stage  or  actors.  Act- 
ing. 

hit.  To  arrive  by  chance;  strike;  attain  one's  aim;  a 
stroke  of  luck;  success.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Arrival-Departure,  Impetus-Reaction,  Ration- 
ale-Luck, Success-Failure;  good  hit,  Design;  hit 
one's  fancy,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  hit  off, 
Delineation-Caricature;  hit  the  mark,  Success- 
Failure;  hit  upon,  Discovery,  Design;  makeahit, 
Skill-Unskilfulness,  Success-Failure. 

hitch.  To  jerk  along;  fasten;  an  obstruction ;  a  slight 
difficulty.  Agitation,  Difficulty-Facility,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Suspension-Support,  Union-Dis- 
union. 

hith'-er.  In  this  direction.  Advance  -  Retrogres. 
sion,  Aim-Aberration. 

hith"-er-to\     To  this  time.     Future-Past. 

hive.  A  hollow  structure  in  which  bees  live;  a  place 
filled  with  life  and  activity;  a  great  multitude.  Es- 
tablishment-Removal, Interspace-Contact,  Mul- 
tiplicity-Paucity, Workshop. 

H.  M.  S.  His  (or  Her)  Majesty's  Ship.  Belliger- 
ent. 

hoar.  White  with  age;  frosty.  Infancy-Age.  White- 
ness-Blackness; hoarfrost,  Heat-Cold. 

hoard.  That  which  has  been  accumulated  and  stored 
away.     Store. 

hoarse.  Harsh  or  grating  in  sound.  Cacophony, 
Loudness-Faintness,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

hoarse'-ness.  State  or  quality  of  being  harsh  and 
rough  in  sound.     Loudness-Faintness. 

hoar'-y.  White;  aged.  Infancy-Age,  Whiteness- 
Blackness;  hoary  age,  Infancy-Age. 

hoax.     A  practical  joke.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

hob.  A  projection  on  the  side  of  a  fireplace.  Oven- 
Refrigerator,  Suspension-Support;  hob  and  nob, 
Politeness-Impoliteness. 

hob'-ble.  A  halting  or  limping  motion;  an  embarrass- 
ment; a  fetter  for  the  legs  of  an  animal.  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Release -Restraint,  Skill -Unskil- 
fulness,  Success-Failure,    Swiftness-Slowness. 

hob'-ble-de-hoy".  A  youth  between  manhocd  and  boy- 
hood.    Infant-Veteran. 

hob'-bling.     Limping.     Success-Failure. 

hob'-by.  A  favorite  object  or  pursuit  of  any  one.  De- 
cision- MlSJUDGMENT,      DESIRE  -  DlSTASTE      QuEST- 

Evasion. 

hob'-by-horse" .  A  rocking-horse.  Conveyance-Ves- 
sel, Desire-Distaste. 

hob-gob'-lin.  A  mischievous  imp;  a  horrible  appari- 
tion.    Jove-Fiend,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

hob'-nail".  A  lout  or  clodhopper.  Gentility-De- 
mocracy. 

Hob'-son's  choice.  A  choice  without  an  alternative. 
Choice-Neutrality,  Coercion,  Volition-Obliga- 
tion. 

hoc  erat  in  more  majorum  [L]  (hoc  J'-rat  in  mo'-ri  ma- 
jo'-rum).  This  was  in  the  custom  of  the  fathers. 
Future-Past,  Habit-Desuetude. 

hoc  genus  omne  [L.]  (hoc  ji-'nusom'-ni).  Allthisrace. 
Gentility-Democracy. 


HOCKEY. 


HOB 


HOLDER. 


hock'-ey.  An  outdoor  game.  Entertainment-Wear- 
iness. 

ho'-cus.  A  conjurer;  impostor.  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

ho'-cus-po'-cus.  A  conjurer's  trick;  cheat.  Commu- 
tation-Permutation, Devotion-Magic,  Meaning- 
Jargon,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

hod.  A  trough-like  receptacle  for  carrying  bricks  or 
mortar.  Contents-Receiver,  Conveyance- Vessel. 

hod'-dy-dod'-dy.  A  foolish,  awkward  person.  Sage- 
Fool. 

hodge'-podge".  A  confused  mixture.  Regularity- 
Irregularity. 

Indie  mihi,  eras  tibi  [L.]  (ho'-dai-i  mai'-hai,cras  tib'-i). 
To-day  for  me,  to-morrow  for  thee.  Duty-Derelic- 
tion. 

hoe.  A  common  garden  or  field  tool.  Conveyance- 
Vessel,  Domestication-Agriculture. 

hoe'-cake".  A  thin  cake  of  Indian  meal,  water,  and 
salt.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

hog.  A  swine;  a  gluttonous  or  grasping  person.  Fast- 
ing-Gluttony, Fauna-Flora,  Moderation- Volup- 
tuary; go  the  whole  hog,  Completion-Noncom- 
pletion,  Determination-Vacillation,  Entirety- 
Deficiency;  greedy  as  a  hog,  Desire-Distaste. 

hog'-pen".     A  pigsty.     Enclosure. 

hogs'-back".      A  ridgy  structure.      Height-Lowness. 

hogs'-head.     Cask.    Measure. 

hog'-wash".  Kitchen  refuse  and  the  like.  Clean- 
ness-Filthiness. 

hoist.  To  raise  to  a  higher  position.  Elevation-De- 
pression; hoist  a  flag,  Sign;  hoist  on  one's  own  pet- 
ard, Reprisal-Resistance,  Success-Failure;  hoist 
the  black  flag,  Fighting-Conciliation;  hoist  the 
blue  peter,  Arrival-Departure. 

hoi'-ty-toi'-ty.  An  interjection  rebuking  impetuosity. 
Astonishment-Expectance. 

hold.  To  retain;  prevent  from  falling;  possess;  stop; 
adhere  to;  believe;  continue  on  one's  way;  endure; 
a  controlling  influence ;  the  part  of  a  ship  below  deck ; 
a  place  of  security;  stop.  Action-Passiveness, 
Attack-Defense,  Cohesion-Looseness,  Contents- 
Receiver,  Discontinuance-Continuance,  Desire- 
Repletion,  Faith-Misgiving,  Height-Lowness, 
Holding-Exemption,  Inclusion-Omission,  Keep- 
ing-Relinquishment,  Leave-Prohibition,  Move- 
ment-Rest, Mutation-Permanence,  Occurrence- 
Destiny,  Release-Prison,  Release-Restraint, 
Rule-License,  Suspension-Support,  Top-Bottom; 
gain  a  hold  upon,  Keeping-Relinquishment;  get 
hold  of,  Gain-Loss,  Taking-Restitution;  have  a 
firm  hold,  Holding-Exemption,  Keeping-Relin- 
quishment; have  a  hold  upon,  Dominance-Impo- 
tence ;  hold  a  council,  Advice  ;  hold  a  fast, 
Rule-License;  hold  a  lease,  Security;  hold  aloof, 
Credulousness-Skepticism,  Quest-Evasion;  hold 
a  meeting,  Gathering -Scattering,  hold  an 
argument,  Ratiocination  -  Instinct;  hold  a  sit- 
uation, Occupation;  hold  at  arm's  length, 
Attack-Defense;  hold  authority,  Rule-Licenser 
hold  back,  Extravagance-Avarice,  Keeping-Re- 
linquishment, Motive -Dehortation,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help, Quest-Evasion,  Release-Restraint, 
Store;  hold  both  one's  sides,  Jubilation-Lamenta- 
tion; hold  converse,  Conversation-Monologue; 
hold  fast,  Cohesion-Looseness,  Keeping-Relin- 
quishment, Release-Restraint;  hold  forth,  Edu- 

CATION-MlSTEACHING,       SpEECH-InARTICULATENESS  ; 

hold  good,  Mutation-Permanence,  Proof-Dis- 
proof, Truth-Error;  hold  hard,  Movement-Rest; 
hold  in  hand,  Rule-License;  hold  in  remembrance, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  hold  in  solution, 
Liquefaction-Volatilization;  hold  off,  Occupa- 
tion, Quest-Evasion;  hold  office,  Management, 
Rule-License;  hold  on,  Discontinuance-Continu- 


ance; Mutation-Permanence,  Persistence- 
Whim;  hold  one's  breath,  Astonishment -Expect* 
ance,  Expectation-Surprise;  hold  one's  ground, 
Mutation  -  Permanence,  Reprisal  -  Resistance; 
hold  one's  hand,  Discontinuance-Continuance, 
Quest-Abandonment;  hold  one's  head  above  water, 
Welfare-Misfortune;  hold  one's  own,  Attack- 
Defense,  Conservation,  Keeping-Relinquish- 
ment, Reprisal-Resistance,  Rule-License;  hold 
one's  tongue,  Talkativeness-Taciturnity;  hold 
oneself  in  readiness,  Preparation  -Nonprefara- 
tion;  hold  oneself  up,  Elevation-Depression;  hold 
out,  Assertion- Denial,  Bravery -Cov.-ardicz 
Persistence-Whim,  Proffer-Refusal,  Reprisal- 
Resistance;  hold  to,  Readiness-Reluctance; 
hold  together,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Union- 
Disunion;  hold  up,  Approval-Disapproval,  Damp- 
ness-Dryness,  Discontinuance-Continuance,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Pomp,  Suspension-Support;  hold 
up  one's  head,  Bravery-Cowardice  ;  quit  one's  hold, 
Keeping-Relinquishment;  take  hold,  Dominance- 
Impotence. 
hold'-er.     One  who  or  that  which  holds.     Holder. 

HOLDER. 

Beneficiary.     One  who  receives  anything  as  a  gift;    the  holder  of  a 

benefice  or  the  profits  of  an  estate. 
Ceslui-que-trust  [F.J.      A  person  who  has  the  equitable  and  bene- 
ficial interest  in  property,  the  legal  interest  in  which  is  vested  in  a 

trustee. 
Devisee.     One  who  receives  a  gift  of  lands  by  a  will. 
Feoffee.     A  person  who  is  feoffed. 
Grantee.     One  to  whom  a  grant  of  any  kind  is  made. 
Heir.     One  entitled  to  receive  the  estates  of  a  deceased  person. 
Heir  apparent.     One  who  is  bound  to  become  heir  if  he  outlives  his 

ancestor. 
Heir  presumptive.     One  who  is  an  heir  at  present,  but  whose  claims 

may  be  invalidated  by  the  birth  of  another. 
Heiress.     A  female  inheritor. 
Heritor.     A  holder  of  a  heritable  estate. 
Holder.     One  who  has  in  possession  by  any  means  or  title. 
Holder  of  the  legal  estate.     A  legal  holder. 
Impropriator.     A  lay  holder  of  church  property. 
Inheritor.     One  who  will  inherit;  a  male  heir. 
Inheritress.     A  female  heir. 
Inheritrix.     Variant  of  inheritress. 
Laird.     Scottish  for  lord  or  landlord. 
Landed  gentry.     A  class  of  people  of  good  social  position  havinR 

estates  in  lands. 
Landholder.     An  owner  of  land. 

Landlady.     A  female  holder  of  land ;  the  wife  of  a  landlord. 
Landlord.     )  The  owner  of  lands  or  houses  which  he  leases  to  a 
Landowner.  J       tenant  or  tenants. 
Legatary.     A  legatee. 
Legatee.     One  who  receives  a  legacy. 
Lessee.     One  who  leases  or  rents  land. 
Lodger.     One'  who  holds  rooms  in  a  house. 
Lord.     The  person  to  whom  military  service  was  due  in  return  for 

the  land;  a  landlord;  a  title  given  to  a  superior;     Anglo-Saxon 

hlaford  (loaf   keeper),  correlative  with  hlafaeter  (loaf    eater),  a 

servant,  a  laborer. 
Lord  of  the  manor.     Landholder. 
Lord  paramount.     The  king. 
Man  in  possession.     The  apparent  owner. 
Master.     One  who  has  possession  or  control  of. 
Mesne  lord.     An  intermediate  lord. 

Mistress.     A  female  owner  or  proprietor;  wife  of  master. 
Mortgagee.     One  to  whom  the  mortgage  is  given. 
Mortgagor.     One  who  gives  mortgages. 
Occupant.     One  who  has  possession. 
Occupier.     Variant  of  occupant. 
Owner.     One  who  has  possession  of  the  legal  title. 
Person  in  possession.     A  person  who  holds  property  by  ownership  or 

by  lease. 
Possessor.     One  who  has  the  right  of  property  in  actual  exercise. 
Proprietary.     A  proprietor. 

Proprietor.     A  person  having  legal  title  to  anything. 
Proprietress.     A  female  proprietor. 
Relessee.     A  releasee;  one  to  whom  a  release  is  made. 
Remainder-man.     One  to  whom  an  estate  is  left  in  remainder. 


HOLDER. 


506 


HOLD  OUT. 


Renter.     One  who  receives  possession  of  land  in  return  for  a  com- 
pensation. 
Reversioner.     One  having  a  right  to  an  estate  in  reversion. 
Right  owner.      J  ^     } 
Rightful  owner.)       ° 
Ryot.     A  tenant:  used  in  India. 

Tenant.  One  who  holds  lands  or  tenements  of  a  superior. 
Tenant  at  will.  One  who  holds  during  the  will  of  the  lord. 
Tenant  for  life.     One  who  holds  during  his  own  or  another's  life. 

hold'- fast".     A  contrivance  by  which  something  is  held 
in  its  place.     Connective. 

HOLDING— EXEMPTION 


Tenant  for  years.     One  who  holds  for  a  certain,  determinate  period. 

Tenant  from  year  to  year.     A  tenant  who  holds  yearly. 

Tenant  on  sufferance.     One  who  held  by  legal  right,  but  continues 

to  hold  after  the  expiration  of  the  right. 
Trustee.     Any  one  who  holds  property  in  trust  for  another 
Under-lessee.     An  underleaser. 
Vavasour.     One  who  holds  under  a  baron. 
Zemindar.     A  landowner. 


hold'-ing.    The  act  of  possessing;  that  which  is  held  by 
.legal  title.     Holding-Exemption,  Property. 


Chivalry.      A  tenure  of  land  by  knight's  service. 

Dependency.      Tnat  which  is  attached  to  something  else. 

Exclusive  possession.     Right  to  hold  to  the  exclusion  of  everybody 

else. 
Fee.     Property,  possession. 
Feodatfty.     Feudal  tenure. 

Future  possession.     Ownership  to  become  legal  at  some  future  time. 
Heirship.     The  right  of  inheriting. 
Heritage.     An  inheritance;  a  possession. 
Hold.     The  act  of  holding. 

Holding.     The  act  or  state. of  retaining;  atenure. 
Impropriation.     The  act  of  putting  an  ecclesiastical  benefice  in  the 

hands  of  a  layman  or  lay  corporation. 
Inheritance.     The  act  of  inheriting;  that  which  is  or  may  be  in- 
herited. 
Knight  service.     A  tenure  of  land  held  by  knights  on  condition  of 

military  service. 
Monopoly.     Exclusive  possession. 
Occupancy.     The  act  of  holding  possession 
Ownership,  etc.     The  state  of  being  an  owner  or  possessor,  etc.     See 

Property. 
Possession.     The  state  of  possessing  or  holding  as  one's  own;    the 

thing  possessed. 
Preoccupancy.     The  right  of  taking  possession  befoie  another. 
Prepossession.     Prior  possession. 
Retention,  etc.     The  act  of  retaining;  the  right  of  retaining  property 

until  the  debt  due  the  party  be  duly  paid,  etc.     See  Keeping. 
Reversion.     A  right  to  future  possession  or  enjoyment. 
Seigniority.     The  right  by  which  a  lord  holds  possession  of  his 

estates. 
Seisin.     Possession;  possession  of  an  estate  of  freehold. 
Socage.     A  tenure  of  lands  and  tenements  by  a  certain  service. 
Tenancy.     A  holding;  tenure. 
Tenure.     The  right  of  holding,  as  property. 
Vti  possidetis  [L.].     The  state  of  present  possession. 
Villanage.     Tenure  on  condition  of  doing  the  meanest  services  for 

the  lord. 
ViUenage.     Villanage . 

Holding — Denotations. 
Bird  in  hand.     A  holding  or  possession  to  which  one's  right  is  certain. 
Chose  in  possession.     The  object  held. 

Holding — Noun  of  Cause. 
Nine  points  of  the  law.     The  holding  of  anything  which  gives  a 
person  strong  ground  for  permanent  possession. 

Holding — Verbs. 
Appertain  to.     To  belong  or  relate  to. 
Be  in  one's  possession.     To  be  owned  by  one 
Belong  to.     To  be  the  property  of. 
Be  possessed  of,  etc      See  Adjectives. 
Come  in  for.     To  receive 
Come  to.     To  be  received  by,  as  a  fortune. 

'Tnmand.     To  have  within  a  sphere  of  control;  to  receive  as  aright. 
Fipro's-     To  take  or  assume  in  undue  quantity. 
I  njoy.     To  possess  and  use  with  satisfaction. 
Forestall.     To  take  possession  of  in  advance  of  somebody  else. 
C»et  into  one'*  hand,  etc.     See  Gain. 
Have.    To  possess  or  hold. 
Have  a  firm  hold  of,  etc.     See  Keeping. 
Have  all  to  oneself.     To  be  sole  owner. 
Have  in  hand,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Hold.     Tl.  have  or  possess. 

Impropriate.  To  place  the  profits  of  ecclesiastical  property  in  the 
hands  of  laymen  for  distribution. 

hold  out.  To  affirm;  promise;  persevere  in  resistance, 
oppos.tion,  or  the  like;  keep  up  exertions.  Asser- 
tion-Denial,  Bravery-Cowardice,   Persistence- 


Absence,  etc.     Lack.     See  Presence-Absence. 

Exemption.     Freedom  from  any  charge,  burden,  etc.,  to  which  otner* 
are  subject. 

Exemption — Verbs. 

Be  without.     See  Adjectives. 
Not  have,  etc.     See  Holding. 

Exemption — Adjectives. 
Devoid  of.     Wanting,  lacking. 
Exempt  from.     Free  from. 
Not  having,  etc.     See  Holding. 
Unacquired.     Not  having  possession  of. 
Unblest  with.     Not  endowed  with. 
Unobtained.     Not  having  gained  possession  of. 
Unpossessed.      1  >t  +         -no. 
Unpossessed  of./ 

Untenanted,  etc.     See  Presence-Absence. 
Without.     Devoid  of;  wanting. 
Without  an  owner.     Belonging  to  nobody. 


HOLDING— Verbs— Continued. 

Inherit.     To  take  by  descent  from  an  ancestor. 

Monopolize.     To  obtain  exclusive  possession  of. 

Occupy.     To  hold  possession  of. 

Own,  etc.     To  be  the  possessor  of,  etc.     See  Property. 

Pertain  to.     To  belong  to  or  to  have  relation  to. 

Possess.     To  have  or  hold  as  property. 

Regrate.     To  buy  in  large  quantities  with  a  view  to  selling  again  near 

the  same  place  at  a  higher  price. 
Vest  in.     To  clothe  with  possession. 

Holding — Adjectives. 
At  one^s  command.!  j    one.s  ownership  or control. 
Atone  s  disposal.     > 
Blest  with.     In  possession  of. 
By  one.     In  one's  possession. 

Charged  with.     Entrusted  with  or  having  the  care  of. 
Endowed    with.     Enriched    or    furnished    with   something  of    the 

nature  of  a  gift. 
Fraught  with.     Laden  or  filled  with. 
In  hand. 
In  one's  hand. 

In  one's  grasp.  \  Holding. 

In  one's  possession. 
In  possession  of. 
Instinct  with.     Imbued  or  alive  with. 
In  stock.)  Inhand 
In  store.) 

Laden  with.     Loaded  or  burdened  with. 
Master  of.     In  control  of. 
One's  own,  etc.     See  Property. 
On  hand.     Ready. 
Possessed,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Possessed  of.     Having  in  possession. 
Possessing.     Owning. 
Seized  of.     Possessed  of. 
Unshared.     Not  shared. 
Unsold.     Still  in  possession. 
Worth.     Having  possessions  or  wealth  equal  to. 

Hold  i  ng — Phrases. 
Entbekre  gern  was  du  nicht  hast  [G.J.     Willingly  renounce  what  yoo 

do  not  possess. 
Meum  et  tuum  [L.|.     Mine  and  thine. 
Tuumest  [L\     It  is  thine. 

Whim,  Proffer-Refusal,  Reprisal-Resistance; 
hold  out  expectation,  Engagement- Release, 
Prophecy;  hold  out  temptation,  Desire-Distastb. 


HOLD  UP. 


507 


HOMOGENEOUS. 


hold  up.  To  stop;  cease;  display.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Dampness-Dryness,  Discontinuance-Con- 
tinuance, Obstruction-Help,  Persistence-Whim, 
Pomp,  Suspension-Support;  hold  up  one's  hand, 
Choice-Neutrality,  Sign  ;  hold  up  the  mirror,  Mani- 
festation-Latency; hold  up  to  execration,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Charitableness-Curse;  hold 
up  to  scorn,  Regard-Scorn  ;  hold  up  to  shame,  Repu- 
tation-Discredit; hold  up  to  view,  Manifestation- 
Latency. 

hole.  A  cavity  extending  into  a  solid  mass;  an  aper- 
ture; a  vile  or  squalid  habitation ;  an  opening.  Aper- 
ture-Closure, Contents-Receiver,  Dweller- 
Habitation,    ExPOSURE-HlDINGPLACE,    ExTENSION- 

Place,  Interspace-Contact;  dust  hole,  Security- 
Insecurity;  hole  and  corner,  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Exposure-Hid- 
ingplace,  Extension-Place,  Investigation-An- 
swer; hole  in  one's  coat,  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Mark-Obliteration  ;  hole  to  creep  out  of,  Dif- 
ficulty-Facility, Escape,  Pretext. 

hol'-i-day.  A  day  of  exemption  from  labor;  a  day  set 
apart  for  any  celebration.  Devotion-Idolatry, 
Entertainment  -  Weariness,  Hurry  -  Leisure, 
Toil-Relaxation;  holiday  task,  Difficulty-Facil- 
ity. 

ho'-li-ness.  Moral  and  spiritual  purity  and  perfection. 
Divinity,  Godliness-Ungodliness;  beauty  of  holi- 
ness, Godliness-Ungodliness. 

hol-loa'.  An  interjection  used  to  attract  attention. 
Cry-Ululationj  holloa  before  one  is  out  of  the  wood, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

hol'-low.  Having  an  empty  space  within ;  sunken ;  com- 
plete; deep  and  low  in  sound;  insincere.  Convexity- 
Concavity,  Deepness-Shallowness,  Entirety-De- 
ficiency, Resonance-Nonresonance,  Substance- 
Nullity,  Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Vocaliza- 
tion-Muteness; beat  hollow,  Success-Failure;  hol- 
low truce,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

hol'-low-ness.  The  state  of  being  hollow;  deceitful- 
ness.  Convexity-Concavity,  Substance-Nullity, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

hol'-ly.  A  shrub  bearing  glossy  leaves  and  bright  red 
berries,  which  are  used  for  decorations.  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 

holm.     A  small  island  in  a  river.     Swamp-Island. 

hol'-o-caust.  Wholesale  slaughter;  a  sacrifice,  the  whole 
of  which  is  consumed  by  fire.  Devotion-Idolatry, 
Life-Killing. 

hol'-o-graph.  A  document  written  wholly  by  the 
person  in  whose  name  it  appears.  Writing-Print- 
ing. 

hol"-o-he'-dral.     Symmetrical.     Mineralogy. 

hol"-o-he'-dron.     Form  of  crystal.     Mineralogy. 

holt.     A  group  of  trees.      Fauna-Flora. 

ho'-ly.  Preeminently  and  absolutely  good;  pious;  free 
from  sin.  Divinity,  Godliness-Ungodliness;  holy 
breathing,  Devotion-Idolatry;  holy  day,  Ceremo- 
nial; Holy  Ghost,  Divinity;  holy  men  of  old,  Reve- 
lation-Pseudorevelation;  holy  of  holies,  Fane; 
holy  orders,  Church;  holy  place,  Fane;  Holy  Scrip- 
tures, Revelation-Pseudorevelation;  Holy  Spirit, 
Divinity  ;  holy  table,  Fane  ;  holy  water,  Ceremonial  ; 
Holy  Week,  Ceremonial;  temple  of  the  Holy  Ghost, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

hom'-age.  Deference;  worship;  submission.  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Devotion-Idolatry,  Insub- 
ordination -  Obedience,  Regard  -  Disrespect, 
Yielding. 

hombre  bueno  no  le  busquen  abolengo,  al  [Sp.]  (om'-bre 
bu-en'-o  no  le  bus-quen'  a-bol-en'-go,  al).  No  one 
explores  a  good  man's  pedigree.  Parentage-Prog- 
eny, Reputation-Discredit. 

home.     One's  fixed  place  of  abode;  a  place  of  refuge; 


closely.  Arrival-Departure,  Contentedness-Dis- 
contentment,  Gatheringplace,  Outside-Inside, 
Refuge-Pitfall,  Remoteness-Nearness,  Suspen- 
sion-Support; at  home,  Difficulty-Facility,  Gath- 
ering-Scattering, Harmony-Discord,  Outside- 
Inside,  Presence-Absence,  Sociability-Privacy; 
at  home  in,  Habit-Desuetude,  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance, Skill-Unskilfulness;  at  home  with,  Amity- 
Hostility;  be  at  home,  Sociability-Privacy;  bring 
home  to,  Evidence-Counterevidence,  Exculpa- 
tion-Conviction, Faith-Misgiving,  Justification- 
Charge,  Rationale-Luck;  come  home,  Arrival- 
Departure;  eternal  home,  Heaven-Hell;  feel  at 
home,  Contentedness-Discontentment,  Liberty- 
Subjection,  Pleasure-Pain,  Sociability-Privacy';" 
from  home,  Presence-Absence;  get  home,  Arrival- 
Departure;  go  from  home,  Arrival-Departure; 
go  home,  Advance-Retrogression;  home  stroke, 
Agency;  home  thrust,  Attack-Defense,  Approval- 
Disapproval  ;  look  at  home,  Justification-Charge  ; 
make  oneself  at  home,  Liberty-Subjection,  Socia- 
bility-Privacy; not  be  at  home,  Proffer-Refusal; 
stay  at  home,  Movement-Rest;  strike  home,  Vigor- 
Inertia. 

home'-bred".  Simple  or  uncultivated.  Taste-Vul- 
garity. ■ 

home'-felt".  Private;  experienced  inwardly.  Emotion, 
Excitation. 

home'-less.  Having  no  home.  Establishment-Re- 
moval, Sociability-Privacy. 

home'-li-ness.  Plainness.  Embellishment-Simplic- 
ity, Taste-Vulgarity. 

home'-ly.    Plain  and  simple;  rude.    Beauty-Ugliness, 

-  Embellishment -Simplicity,  Gentility -Democ- 
racy, Simplicity-Floridness,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

home'-made".  Of  domestic  manufacture.  Domesti- 
cation-Agriculture. 

ho'-me-o-path'-ic.  Extremely  small  in  quantity. 
Greatness-Littleness,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

ho"-me-op'-a-thy.  A  system  of  medicine  founded  c'n 
the  principle  that  "  like  cures  like."    Remedy-Bane. 

home'-sick".  Pining  for  home.  Contentedness- 
Regret. 

home'-sick"-en.  To  make  homesick.  Contentedness- 
Regret. 

home'-spun".  Cloth  or  fabric  woven  at  home.  Embel- 
lishment-Simplicity, Gentility-Democracy,  Sim- 
plicity-Floridness, Taste-Vulgarity,  Texture. 

home'-stall'.     A  homestead.    Dweller-Habitation. 

home'-stead.  The  place  of  a  home.  Dweller-Habi- 
tation. 

home'- ward-bound".  Returning  home  from  abroad. 
Arrival-Departure. 

hom'-i-ci"-dal.     Relating  to  homicide.     Life-Killing. 

hom'-i-cide.  The  killing  of  or  one  who  kills  another 
person.     Life-Killing. 

hom"-i-let'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  familiar  discourse. 
Sociability-Privacy. 

hom'-i-ly.  A  serious  admonition ;  a  textual  discourse. 
Ceremonial,  Essay. 

homtnem,  argumentuni  ad  [L.]  (hom'-i-nem,  ar-giu- 
men'-tum  ad).  An  argument  to  the  man.  Justifi- 
cation-Charge. 

homme  propose  et  Dieu  dispose  [F.]  (om  pro-poz'  6 
diu  dis-poz').  Man  proposes  and  God  disposes. 
Rule-License. 

hom'-mock.     A  hummock.     Height-Lowness. 

ho"-mo-cen'-tric.     Having  a  common  center.    Center. 

ho"-mo-ge-ne'-i-ty.  Identity  or  similarity  of  structure, 
kind,  or  composition.  Connection-Independence, 
Mixture-Homogeneity,  Uniformity-Diversity. 

ho"-mo-ge'-ne-ous.  Made  up  of  similar  elements. 
Mineralogy,  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Uniformity- 
Diversity. 


HOMOGENEOUSNESS. 


508 


HOPE. 


no"-mo-ge -ne-ous-ness.  The  state  of  being  uniform. 
Uniformity-Diversity. 

ho"-mo-gen'-e-sis.  A  mode  of  reproduction  in  which 
the  onspring  is  like  the  parent  and  passes  through 
the  same  cycle  of  existence.  Creation-Destruc- 
tion. 

hc-mor-o-gous.  Similar.  Equality-Inequality,  Uni- 
formity-Diversity. 

ho-mor-o-gy.  Affinity  dependent  on  structure  or  the 
essential  correspondence  of  parts.  Connection-In- 
dependence, Uniformity-Diversity. 

ho'-mo-nym.  A  word  agreeing  in  sound  but  different 
in  meaning  from  another.  Ambiguity,  Synonym- 
Antonym,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

ho-mon'-y-mous.  Of  the  same  sound  but  a  different 
sense.     Ambiguity. 

ho-mon'-y-my.  Ambiguity.  Ambiguity,  Synonym- 
Antonym. 

ho-moph'-o-nous.  Single  -  voiced.  Melody -Disso- 
nance. 

ho-moph'-o-ny.  Sameness  of  sound.  Melody-Disso- 
nance. 

ho-mun'-cu-lus.  An  undersized  man.  Greatness- 
Littleness. 

hone.  An  instrument  for  sharpening  edged  tools. 
Sharpness-Bluntness. 

hon'-est.  Sincere;  truthful;  genuine.  Craft-Artless- 
ness,  Purity-Impurity,  Truthfulness-Falsehood, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty;  honest  meaning,  Mean- 
ing-Jargon; honest  truth,  Truth-Error,  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood; turn  an  honest  penny,  Gain- 
Loss. 

hon'-es-ty.  Uprightness  of  conduct.  Craft-Artless- 
ness,  Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

hon'-ey.  Sweetness  in  general;  the  dearest  one.  Favo- 
rite-Anger, Sweetness-Acidity;  milk  and  honey, 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

hon'-ey-bee".  A  bee  that  collects  honey.  Fauna- 
Flora. 

hon'-ey-comb".  Anything  full  of  holes  or  flaws;  the 
wax  cells  containing  the  honey  of  bees,  which  have 
a  concave  bottom.  Aperture-Closure,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Convexity-Concavity. 

hon'-ey-combed.  Full  of  cells  or  perforations.  Aper- 
ture-Closure, Convexity-Concavity. 

hon'-eyed.     Very  sweet.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

hon'-eyed  phra'-ses.  Flattering  words.  Adulation- 
Disparagement,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

hon'-eyed  words.  Flattery.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Motive-Caprice. 

hon'-ey-moon".  The  first  month  after  marriage;  a 
period  of  enjoyment.  Blandishment,  Matrimony- 
Celibacy,  Pleasure-Pain. 

hon'-ey-mouthed".  Persuasive;  flattering.  Adula- 
tion-Disparagement, Politeness-Impoliteness. 

hon'-ey-suck"-le.  A  sweet-scented  flower.  Sweet- 
ness-Acidity. 

hon'-or.  The  esteem  paid  or  due  to  worth ;  high  rank 
or  place;  uprightness;  glory;  respect.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Patriotism-Treason,  Property,  Re- 
gard-Disrespect, Reputation-Discredit,  Title, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty;  affair  of  honor,  Strife- 
Peace;  do  honor  to,  Solemnization;  do  the  honors, 
Politeness  -  Impoliteness,  Regard  -  Disrespect, 
Sociability-Privacy;  his  honor,  Judge,  Title;  hon- 
or a  bill,  Settlement-Default;  honor  be  to,  Rep- 
utation-Discredit; honor  bright,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood,  Uprightness-Dishonesty;  in  honor  of, 
Solemnization;  man  of  honor,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty; upon  my  honor,  Assertion-Denial; 
word  of  honor,  Engagement-Release;  your  honor, 
Title. 

hon'-or-a-ble.     Estimable;  worthy  of  honor.     Observ- 


ance -  Non-observance,  Reputation  -  Discredit, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

hon'-or-a-bly.  In  an  honorable  manner.  Upright- 
ness-Dishonesty. 

hon'-o-ra'-ri-um.  A  voluntary  fee  paid  to  a  profes- 
sional   man.      Giving- Receiving,     Recompense- 

PUNITION. 

hon'-or-a-ry.  Given  or  conferred  as  an  honor.  Cost- 
liness-Cheapness. 

honore,  avito  virct  [L.]  (ho-no'-ri,  a-vai'-to  vai'-ret). 
He  flourishes  in  ancestral  honor.  Reputation-Dis 
credit. 

hon'-ored.  Regarded  with  esteem.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

honorcs  mutant  mores  [L.]  (ho-no'-riz  miu'-tant  mo'- 
riz).  Honors  change  (men's)  customs.  Mutabili- 
ty-Stability, Ostentation. 

honor  habet  onus  [L.  ]  (ho'-nor  he'-bet  o'-nus) .  Honor  is 
onerous  (*.  e. ,  has  its  responsibilities).  Duty-Im- 
munity. 

hon"-or-if'-ic.  Conferring  honor.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

honor  virtutis  premium  [L.]  (ho'-nor  vir-tiu'-tis  pri'- 
mi-vm).     Honor  is  the  reward  of  virtue.     Rbcom- 

PENSE-PUNITION,  REPUTATION-DlSCREDIT. 

honte,  mauvaise  [F.]  (hon't,  mo-vez').  False  modesty. 
Conceit-Diffidence. 

hood.  A  covering  for  the  head  and  shoulders.  Dress- 
Undress,  Vestments. 

hood'-lum.     A  ruffian.     Sage-Fool. 

hood'-wink.  To  impose  upon;  deceive;  conceal; 
blindfold.  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Sight- Blindness,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

hoof.  The  horny  substance  which  encases  the  digits 
or  foot  in  many  mammals.  Erectness-Flatness; 
cloven  hoof,  Sign. 

hook.  A  piece  of  metal  so  bent  as  to  fasten,  sustain, 
orcatch;  to  entrap;  pilfer.  Connective,  Curvation- 
Rectilinearity,  Keeping-Relinquishment,  Sus- 
pension-Support, Taking-Restitution,  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud, Union-Disunion  ;  by  hook  or  by  crook, 
Instrumentality. 

hooked.  Bent  like  a  hook.  Curvation-Rectii.ine- 
arity. 

hook'-er.  A  two-masted  Dutch  vessel.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

hook'-ey,  blind.  A  game  of  cards,  in  gambling.  En- 
tertainment-Weariness. 

hooks,  go  off  the.     To  die.     Life-Death. 

hoop.  A  circular  band  of  wood  or  metal;  a  shout. 
Circle-Winding,  Cry-Ululation,  Electricity. 

Hoo'-sier.  A  native  of  the  State  of  Indiana.  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Name-Misnomer. 

hoot.  To  utter  contemptuous  cries;  jeer;  mock.  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Cry-Ululation,  Regard- 
Disrespect,  Regard-Scorn. 

hop.  To  move  by  short  leaps.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Spring-Dive;  hop,  skip,  and  jump, 
Agitation,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Hurry- 
Leisure,  Spring-Dive  ;  hop  the  twig,  Life-Death. 

hope.  Desire  accompanied  by  expectation.  Desire- 
Distaste,  Expectation-Surprise,  Sanguineness 
Hopelessness;  band  of  hope,  Teetotalism-Intem- 
perance;  beyond  all  hope,  Welfare-Misfortune; 
dash  one's  hopes,  Expectation-Disappointment, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection;  excite  hope,  Proph- 
ecy; foster  hope,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness; 
hope  against  hope,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness; 
hope  deferred,  Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  hope  for,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Expectation-Surprise;  hope  for  the 
best,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness:  well-grounded 
hope,  Likelihood-Unlikelihood. 


HOPEFUL. 


509 


HORS. 


hope'-ful.  Full  of  hope;  promising  success;  a  son  or 
daughter.  Infant-Veteran,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Likelihood-Unlikelihood,  Sanguine- 
ness-hopelessness. 

hope'-ful-iy.     In   a  hopeful  manner.     Sanguineness- 

HOPELESSNESS. 

hope'-ful-ness.     The    state    of    being    hopeful.     San- 

GUINENESS-HOPELESSNESS. 

hope'-less.    Without  hope.     Sanguineness-Hopeless- 

NESS. 

hope'-less-ness.  The  state  of  being  without  hope. 
Possibility  -  Impossibility,  Sanguineness  -  Hope- 
lessness. 

hop'-gar"-den.  A  hop-yard.  Domestication-Acri- 
culture. 

ho'-ping.  Desiring  for  fulfilment.  Sanguineness- 
Hopelessness. 

hop'-o'-my-thumb'.  A  dwarfish  person.  Greatness- 
Littleness. 

hop'-per.  A  funnel-shaped  receiver.  Contents-Rk- 
ceiver. 

hop'-scotch".  A  game  in  which  the  players  hop  on  one 
foot.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

hora  Jugit  [L.]  (ho'-ra  fiu'-jit) .  The  hour  flies.  Last- 
ingness-Transientness. 

ho'-ra-ry.     Occurring  hourly.     Period-Progress. 

horde.  A  gathered  multitude.  Association,  Gath- 
ering-Scattering, Gentility-Democracy. 

ho-ri'-zon.  The  circular  line  where  the  earth  and  sky 
seem  to  meet;  the  bounds  of  observation.  Expec- 
tation-Surprise, Remoteness-Nearness,  Sight- 
Blindness;  gloomy  horizon,  Sanguineness-Hope- 

LESSNESS. 

hor"-i-zon'-tal.     On  a  level.     Erectness-Flatness. 

hor"-i-zon-tal'-i-ty.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  hori- 
zontal.    Erectness-Flatness. 

hor"-i-zon'-tal-ly.  In  a  horizontal  manner.  Erect- 
ness-Flatness. 

horn.  The  hard  substance  projecting  from  the  heads  of 
certain  animals;  a  drinking-cup ;  a  wind  musical  in- 
strument. Contents-Receiver,  Musical  Instru- 
ments, Sharpness-Dulness;  draw  in  one's  horns, 
Bigotry  -  Apostasy,  Selfrespect  -  Humbleness, 
Yielding;  exalt  one's  horns,  Reputation-Discred- 
it; horn-mad,  Pardon-Jealousy;  horn  of  plenty, 
Enough;  horns  of  a  dilemma,  Difficulty-Facility, 
Ratiocination-Instinct;  wear  the  horns,  Matri- 
mony-Divorce. 

horn'-book".  A  single-leafed  primer  for  children. 
School. 

hor'-net.  One  who  gives  constant  annoyance.  Bene- 
factor-Evildoer; hornet's  nest,  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Difficulty-Facility,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Refuge-Pitfall. 

horn'-pipe".  A  very  lively  English  dance.  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 

horn'-work".  A  single-fronted  work  before  a  fortifica- 
tion.    Attack-Defense. 

horn'-y.     Like  or  of  horn.     Hardness-Softness. 

hor'-o-loge.  A  timepiece.  Chronology -Anachro- 
nism. 

ho-rol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  measuring  time.  Chro- 
nology-Anachronism. 

ho-rom'-e-try.  The  art  of  measuring  time  by  hours. 
Chronology-Anachronism. 

hor'-o-scope.  A  representation  of  the  aspect  of  the 
heavens  at  a  given  time  as  a  means  to  foretell  future 
events.     Prophecy. 

ho-ros'-cc-py.  The  art  of  cashing  horoscopes.  Proph- 
ecy. 

horrendum,  informe,  mgens,  cut  lumen  ademptum, 
monstrum  [L.]  (hor-ren'-dum,  in-for'-mi,  in'-jens, 
quai  lu'-men  ad-emp'-tum,  mons'-trum).  A  horrid 
monster,  misshapen,  gigantic,  blind.  Beauty-Ug- 
liness. 


horresco  rejerens  [L.]  (hor-res'-co  ref'-er-enz) .  I  shud 
der  to  relate.     Sanguineness-Timidity. 

hor'-ri-ble.  Causing  terror;  terrible;  exciting  abhor- 
rence; huge;  hideous.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Good- 
ness -  Badness,  Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness, 
Sanguineness-Timidity. 

hor'-ri-bly.  So  as  to  cause  horror.  Magnitude-Smalt. - 
NESS. 

hor'-rid.  Causing  horror;  dreadful;  very  obnoxious; 
huge;  terrible.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Magnitude-Smallness,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

horrida  bclla  [L.]  (hor'-ri-da  bel'-la).  Horrible  war;; 
Fighting-Conciliation. 

hor-rif'-ic.  Causing  horror;  terrible;  dreadful;  huge; 
obnoxious.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Goodness-Badness, 
Magnitude  -  Smallness,  Pleasurableness  -  Pain- 
fulness,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

hor'-ri-fied.  Frightened;  filled  with  horror.  Pleas- 
ure-Pain. 

hor'-n-fy.  To  fill  with  horror.  Love-Hate,  Pleas- 
urableness -  Painfulness,  Sanguineness  -  Hope- 
lessness. 

hor-ri"-pi-la'-tion.  The  peculiar  shuddering  sensation, 
resulting  chiefly  from  sudden  fright  or  horror.  Heat- 
Cold. 

hor-ris'-o-nous.     Sounding  terribly.     Cacophony. 

hor'-ror.  Extieme fear;  dislike.  Desire-Distaste,  San- 
guineness-Timidity; view  with  horror,  Love-Hate. 

hor'-rors.  The  blues.  Lightheartedness-  Dejec- 
tion; cup  full  of  horrors,  Pleasure-Pain. 

hor'-ror-strick"-en.  Overcome  with  horror.  Pleasu:"  • 
Pain. 

hors  de  ceiv.bat  [F.]  (or  de  con'-bo/).  Out  of  the 
struggle;  disabled.  Health-Sickness,  Might-Im- 
potence, Usefulness-Uselessness,  Weariness- 
Refreshment;  put  hors  de  combat,  Success-Fail- 
ure. 

hors-d'oeuvre  [F.]  (or"-duvr').  A  dish  not  forming  a 
part  of  the  regular  course.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

horse.  A  well-known  domestic  animal;  a  wooden  frame 
with  legs;  cavalry;  the  male  of  a  horse.  Bellig- 
erent, Conveyer,  Fauna-Flora,  Male-Female, 
Suspension-Support;  horse  and  foot,  Belligerent; 
horse  artillery,  Belligerent;  horse  laugh,  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation; horse  marine,  Adept-Bungler; 
horse  soldier,  Belligerent;  horse  track,  Weapon; 
like  a  horse  in  a  mill,  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Habit-Desuetude,  Strife-Peace  ;  put  the  horses  to, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation;  put  up  one's  horses 
at,  Establishment-Removal;  put  up  one's  horses 
together,  Amity-Hostility,  Variance-Accord;  ride 
the  high  horse,  Presumption-Obsequiousness;  take 
horse,  Traveling  -  Navigation;  war-horse,  Bel- 
ligerent; work  like  a  horse,  Toil-Relaxation. 

horse'-back".  The  state  of  being  on  a  horse.  Travel- 
ing-Navigation. 

horse'-box".  A  padded  car  for  transporting  horses. 
Conveyance-Vessel. 

horse'-cloth".  A  cloth  to  cover  a  horse.  Dress- 
Undress. 

horse'-man".  One  who  rides  a  horse.  Wayfarer- 
Seafarer. 

horse'-man-ship.  Equestrian  skill.  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness,  Traveling-Navigation. 

horse'-path".     A  tow-path.     Way. 
horse'-road".     A  road  for  horses.     Way. 
horse'-play".     Rough,  boisterous  play.     Society-De- 
rision. 
horse'-shoe".    A  metal  shoe  for  a  horse's  hoof.    Curva- 

tion-Rectilinearity. 
hors  I'honreur,  tout   est    perdu  [F.]  (or   lo-nur',  tut  Pi 
per-du').    All  is  lost  save  honor.     Reputation-Dis- 
credit, Success-Failure. 


HORTATION. 


510 


HOUSEHOLD. 


hor-ta'-tion.    Exhortation.    Motive-Caprice. 

hor'-ta-tive.    Encouraging.    Advice,  Motive-Caprice. 

hor'-ta-to-ry.    Inciting.    Advice,  Motive-Caprice. 

hor"-ti-cul'-tur-al.  Pertaining  to  gardening.  Domes- 
tication-Agriculture. 

hor'-ti-cul"-ture.  The  art  of  cultivating  gardens.  Do- 
mestication-Agriculture. 

hor"-ti-cul'-tur-ist.  A  professional  gardener.  Domes- 
tication-Agriculture. 

hortus  siccus  [L.]  (hor'-tus  sic'-cus).  An  herbarium. 
Zoology-Botany. 

ho-san'-na.  An  exclamation  of  praise  to  God.  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Devotion-Idolatry. 

hose.  A  stocking;  a  flexible  tube  or  pipe.  Dress- 
Undress,  Watercourse-Airpipe. 

ho'-sier.    One  who  deals  in  hose.    Dress-Undress. 

ho'-sier-y.     Hosiers'  wares.     Dress-Undress. 

hos'-pice.  A  place  of  entertainment  or  shelter. 
Dweller-Habitation,  Remedy-Bane. 

hos'-pi-ta-ble.  Ready  with  warm  welcome;  social. 
Generosity-Frugality,  Sociability-Privacy. 

hos'-pi-tal.  A  house  for  the  reception  and  aid  of  the 
sick.    Remedy-Bane  ;  in  hospital,  Health-Sickness. 

hos"-pi-tal'-i-ty.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  hospita- 
ble. Generosity-Frugality,  Sociability-Privacy. 

hos'-po-dar.  A  title  of  dignity  borne  by  the  Emperor  of 
Russia.     Chief-Underling. 

host.  A  great  number;  an  army;  one  who  entertains  a 
guest;  the  consecrated  wafer  used  in  the  sacrament 
of  the  Lord's  Supper.  Belligerent,  Ceremonial, 
Friend-Foe,  Gathering-Scattering,  Multiplic- 
ity-Paucity; host  in  himself,  Dominance-Impo- 
tence; host  of  heaven,  Angel-Satan  ;  reckon  without 
one's  host,  Recklessness-Caution,  Skill-Unskil- 
pulness,  Success-Failure,  Truth-Error. 

hos'-tage.  A  person  left  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy  as  a 
pledge.     Security. 

hos'-tel.    A  hostelry.     Dweller-Habitation. 

hos'-tel-ry.  A  house  of  lodging  and  entertainment. 
Dweller-Habitation. 

host'-ess.     A  female  host.     Male-Female. 

hos'-tile.  Antagonistic;  having  a  spirit  of  enmity. 
Amity-Hostility,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Har- 
mony-Discord, Sameness-Contrast;  hostile  meet- 
ing, Strife-Peace;  in  hostile  array,  Antagonism- 
Concurrence. 

hos-til'-i-ties.  Warlike  measures.  Fighting-Concilia- 
tion. 

hos-til'-i-ty.     Enmity.     Amity-Hostility. 

hos'-tler.  A  man  who  takes  care  of  horses.  Chief- 
Underling. 

hot.  High  in  temperature;  pungent;  marked  by  pas- 
sion; violent;  fiery.  Blueness-Orange,  Excita- 
tion, Favorite-Moroseness,  Heat-Cold,  Pun- 
gency, Redness-Greenness,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness; blood-hot,  Heat-Cold;  blow  hot  and  cold, 
Bigotry-Apostasy,  Determination-Vacillation, 
Persistence  -  Whim,  Ratiocination  -  Instinct, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood;  hot  blast,  Chemistry; 
hot  blood,  Favorite-Anger,  Favorite-Quarrel- 
someness; hot  water,  Difficulty-Facility,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness,  Variance-Accord;  in 
hot  haste,  Hurry-Leisure;  in  hot  pursuit,  Quest- 
Evasion;  make  hot,  Heating-Cooling. 

hot'-bed".  A  place  which  favors  rapid  growth  and 
development.     Cause-Effect,  Center,  Workshop. 

hot'-blood"-ed.  Easily  angered.  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion. 

hot'-brained".  Having  a  violent  temper.  Reckless- 
ness-Caution. 

hotch'-pot".  A  confused  mixture.  Mixture-Homoge- 
neity, Participation,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

hotch'-potch".  A  confused  mixture.  Regularity- 
Irregularity. 


ho-tel'.  A  house  for  the  entertainment  of  travelers  and 
otHers.     Dweller-Habitation. 

Hotel  des  Invalides  [F.]  (o-tel'  dez  air-va-lid').  Home 
for  invalids  (*'.  e.,  invalid  soldiers).  Belligerent, 
Health-Sickness. 

hdteldeville  [F.]  (o-tel' devil).  Town-hall.  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

hot'-head"-ed.  Of  violent  or  hasty  temper.  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability,  Hurry-Leisure,  Reckless- 
ness-Caution. 

hot'-house".  A  covered  building  heated  for  rearing 
plants.      Domestication-Agriculture,    Oven-Rl 

FRIGERATOR,  WORKSHOP. 

hot'-press'.    To  iron.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

hot'-spur.  A  hot-headed  fellow.  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion. 

Hot'-ten-tot.-  A  South  African  native.  Gentility- 
Democracy. 

hough.  To  disable  by  cutting  the  sinews  of  the  ham. 
Betterment-Deterioration. 

hound.  A  dog  used  in  the  chase;  a  dastardly  fellow;  to 
hunt;  pursue  relentlessly  and  persistently.  Chari- 
tableness-Malevolence, Fauna-Flora,  Good 
Man-Bad  Man,  Quest-Evasion;  hold  with  the  hare 
but  run  with  the  hounds,  Bigotry-Apostasy  ;  hound 
on,  Motive-Caprice. 

kouppelande  [F.]  (hup-lcurd').  A  greatcoat.  Dress- 
Undress. 

hour.  One  twenty-fourth  of  a  civil  day;  a  set  or  ap- 
pointed time.  Eternity-Instantaneity,  Measure, 
Period-Progress,  Time;  hour  after  hour,  Lasting- 
ness-Transientness;  improve  the  shining  hour,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence; one's  hour  is  come,  Life-Death, 
Opportuneness-Inopportuneness. 

hour'-an"-gle.  Term  used  in  astronomy.    Astronomy. 

hour'-cir"-cle.    Astronomical  term.    Astronomy. 

hour'-glass".  An  instrument  for  measuring  time. 
Breadth -Narrowness,  Chronology- Anachro- 
nism, Enlargement-Diminution. 

hou'-ri.  A  nymph  of  Paradise  in  Moslem  belief. 
Beauty-Ugliness. 

hour'-ly.  Frequently;  occurring  every  hour.  Dura- 
tion-Neverness,  Frequency-Rarity,  Periodicity- 
Irregularity,  Recurrence. 

house .  A  place  of  abode ;  a  family  of  kindred ;  one  of  the 
divisions  of  a  legislative  body;  the  body  of  people 
constituting  an  audience;  to  shelter.  Acting,  Asso- 
ciation, Council,  Dweller-Habitation,  Estab- 
lishment-Removal, Parentage-Progeny,  Secur- 
ity-Insecurity; bring  the  house  about  one's  ears, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  eat  out  of  house  and  home, 
Extravagance-Avarice,  Fasting-Gluttony;  house 
divided  against  itself,  Variance-Accord;  house  of 
cards,  Strength-Weakness,  Toughness-Brittle- 
ness;  house  of  correction,  Recompense-Scourge, 
Release-Prison;  house  of  death,  Life-Funeral; 
house  of  detention,  Release-Prison;  house  of  God, 
Fane;  House  of  Lords,  Gentility-Democracy; 
House  of  Peers,  Gentility-Democracy;  house  of 
prayer,  Fane;  keep  house,  Establishment-Re- 
moval; set  one's  house  in  order,  Atonement,  Prlf- 
aration-Nonpreparation;  turn  house  out  of  win- 
dows, Variance-Accord. 

house'-break"-er.  One  who  breaks  into  a  house  with 
felonious  intent.     Robber. 

house'-break"-ing.  The  act  of  breaking  into  a  house. 
Theft. 

house'-dog".    A  watch-dog.   Fauna-Flora,  Warning. 

house'-hold".  A  family  living  together.  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Habit-Desuetude;  household  gods, 
Dweller-Habitation;  household  stuff ,  Materials; 
household  troops,  Belligerent;  household  words, 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Language,  Simplicity- 
Floridness. 


HOUSEHOLDER. 


511 


HUMANITARIANISM— MISANTHROPY. 


house'-hold"-er.  One  who  occupies  a  house.  Dwell- 
er-Habitation. 

house'-keep"-er.  One  who  has  the  chief  care  over  a 
house  or  family.     Manager. 

house'-keep"-ing.  The  management  of  household  af- 
fairs.     CONDUCT. 

house'-less.  Without  a  house.  Establishment-Re- 
moval. 

house'-maid".  A  girl  or  woman  who  does  housework. 
Chief-Underling. 

house'-room".  Room  in  a  house.  Extension-Inex- 
tension. 

house'-top".  The  roof  of  a  house.  Top-Bottom;  pro- 
claim from  the  housetop,  Publicity. 

house'-warm"-ing.  An  entertainment  on  the  occasion 
of  taking  possession  of  a  new  house.  Sociability- 
Privacy. 

house'-wife".  The  mistress  of  a  household.  Activity- 
Indolence. 

house'-wife"-ry.  Female  management  of  domestic 
affairs.     Conduct,  Generosity-Frugality. 

hous'-ing.  The  act  of  providing  with  a  house ;  a  short 
mantle  worn  about  the  head  and  shoulders;  the 
ornamental  trappings  of  a  horse.  Cover-Lining, 
Dress-Undress,  Dweller-Habitation. 

hov'-el.  A  wretched  dwelling.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

hov'-er.  To  hang  fluttering  over;  move  about  threat- 
eningly; remain  in  an  irresolute  state.  Ascent-De- 
scent, Determination-Vacillation,  Height-Low- 
ness,  Traveling-Navigation;  hover  about,  Move- 
ment-Rest; hover  over,  Remoteness -Near- 
ness. 

how.  In  what  way;  by  what  means.  Means,  Way; 
how  comes  it,  Investigation-Answer,  Rationale- 
Luck;  how  now,  Astonishment-Expectance. 

how-be'-it.     Be  it  as  it  may.     Compensation. 

how-ev'-er.  To  whatever  degree ;  nevertheless.  Com- 
pensation, Con  ventionality-Unconventionality, 
Quantity-Measure. 

how'-itz-er.     A  short,  light  cannon.     Weapon. 

how'-ker.  A  two-masted  Dutch  vessel;  a  hooker. 
Conveyance- Vessel. 

howl.  The  cry  of  a  dog,  wolf,  or  similar  animal;  aery 
of  pain  or  grief.  Cry-Ululation,  Jubilation-La- 
mentation. 

howl'-ing  wil'-der-ness.  A  desert  region  filled  with 
wild  beasts.  Fertility-Sterility,  Sociability- 
Privacy. 

how"-sc-ev'-er.  In  what  manner.  Quantity-Meas- 
ure. 

hoy.  A  heavy  coasting-vessel.  Conveyance- Ves- 
sel. 

hoy'-den.  A  romping  or  bold  girl.  Infant-Veteran, 
Taste- Vulgarity. 

hub'-bub.  A  confused  noise  or  noisy  disorder.  Agi- 
tation, Loudness-Faintness,  Variance-Accord. 

huck'-ster.     A  small  retailer.     Dealer,  Exchange. 

hud'-dle.  To  throng  or  crowd  in  a  disorderly  manner; 
embrace;  throw  into  disorder.  Gathering-Scat- 
tering, Organization-Disorganization,  Regu- 
larity -  Irregularity,  Remoteness  -  Nearness  ; 
huddle  on,  Dress-Undress. 

Hu"-di-bras'-tic.     Verse    in    the    style    of    Hudibras; 


burlesque,    heroic  and   satirical.       Poetry  -  Prose, 
Society-Derision. 

hue.  The  particular  shade  of  a  color.  Color-Achro- 
matism ;  hue  and  cry,  Alarm,  Approval-Disapprov- 
al, Cry-Ululation,  Publicity,  Quest-Evasion; 
raise  a  hue  and  cry,  Approval-Disapproval,  Pub- 
licity. 

hue'-less.     Without  hue.     Color-Achromatism. 

huff.  A  sudden  rise  of  anger;  a  fit  of  arrogance.  Fav 
orite-Anger,  Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

huff'-y.  Marked  by  petulance.  Favorite-Quari;;;l- 
someness. 

hug.  To  press  in  close  embrace;  hold  fast  with  affec- 
tion; cling  to;  keep  close  to  the  shore.  Blandish- 
ment, Cohesion-Looseness,  Keeping-Relinquish- 
ment,  Love-Hate,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Re- 
moteness-Nearness; hug  a  belief,  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy ;  hug  a  sin,  Virtue-Vice  ;  hug  oneself,  Con  -ent- 
edness-Discontentment,  Jubilation-Lamenta- 
tion, Pleasure-Pain,  Selfrespect-Humbleness; 
hug  the  shore,  Approach-Withdrawal,  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

huge.  Enormous  in  size  or  degree.  Greatness-Lit- 
tleness, Magnitude-Smallness. 

huge'-ness.     Magnitude.     Greatness-Littleness. 

hug'-ger-mug"-ger.  To  proceed  secretly.  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy. 

Hu'-gue-not.  A  French  Protestant  of  the  16th  and 
17th  centuries.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

huis  clos,  h  [F.]  (iiiclo,  a).  With  closed  doors.  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy. 

huissier  [F.]  (ui-sie').     An  usher.     Judicature. 

huke.     A  15th  century  garment.     Dress-Undress. 

hulk.  The  body  of  a  ship  unfit  for  service;  a  large  ship 
of  clumsy  make.  Conveyance-Vessel,  Whole- 
Part. 

hulk'-ing.  Bulky;  unwieldy.  Beauty -Ugliness, 
Greatness-Littleness. 

hulk'-y.  Bulky;  unwieldy;  clumsy.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Greatness-Littleness,  Propriety-Impro- 
priety. 

hull.     The  body  of  a  vessel.     Whole-Part. 

hul"-la-ba-loo'.  A  loud  and  confused  noise.  Cry- 
Ululation,  Loudness-Faintness. 

hum.  A  low,  monotonous,  buzzing  sound ;  to  sing  with 
the  mouth  closed;  impose  upon.  Crash-Drumming, 
Cry-Ululation,  Loudness-Faintness,  Musi- 
cian, Truthfulness-Fabrication,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud;  busy  hum  of  men,  Activity-Indolence; 
hum  and  haw,  Determination- Vacillation, 
Speech-Inarticulateness. 

hu'-man.  Belonging  or  pertaining  to  man.  Humani- 
ty; human  race,  Ethnology,  Humanity;  human 
sacrifice,  Devotion-Idolatry;  human  species,  Eth- 
nology. 

hu-mane'.  Kind,  tender,  and  compassionate.  Chari- 
tableness-Malevolence, Compassion-Ruthless- 
ness,  Humanitarianism-Misanthropy. 

hu-man"-i-ta'-ri-an.  Pertaining  to  humanitarianisir  : 
a  philanthropist.  Compassion-Ruthlessness,  Hu- 
manitarianism-Misanthropy, Humanity. 

hu-man"-i-ta'-ri-an-ism.  The  doctrines  or  principles 
of  the  humanitarians.  Humanitarianism-Misan- 
thropy. 


Amor  patrics  [L.J.     Love  of  country. 
Benevolence.     Love   of   mankind;   a   desire   to  promote  happiness. 
Chivalry.     The  character  of  knights;  disinterested  courtesy. 
Civism.     The  state  of  citizenship. 
Commonweal.     The  state  or  people  of  the  state. 
Communism.     A  scheme  for  equalizing  social  conditions. 
Cosmopolitanism.     The  system  of  one  whose  interests  and  affections 
are  world-wide. 


HUMANITARIANISM-MISANTHROPY. 

Contempt  for  the  opinions  of  others  and  of  what  other 


Cynicism, 
value. 

Egotism,  etc.     A  speaking  or  writing  too  much  of  oneself;  self-con- 
ceit, etc.     See  Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

Incivism.     Lack  of  patriotism  or  love  for  one's  country. 

Misanthropy.    Dislike  or  hatred  of  mankind ;  opposed  to  philanthropy. 

Moroseness,    etc.     Sourness    of    temper    or    disposition,    etc.     See 
Favorite-Morosbness. 


HUMANITARIANISM. 


512 


HUMANITY. 


HUMANITARIANISM— MISANTHROPY— Continued, 


Delicus  humani  generis  [L.fl.     The  delight  of  the  human  race.     [The 

appellation  of  the  Roman  Emperor  Titus.] 
Generosity,  etc.     Self-forgetful  kindness  in  disposition  and  action, 

etc.     See  Unselfishness. 
Huraanitarianisra.     The  system  holding  that  one's  duty  is  limited 

to  the  advancement  of  the  human  race. 
Humanity.     The  state  of  being  humane  or  compassionate. 
Knight-errantry.      The    customs    and    actions    of    knights    errant; 

chivalry. 
Love  of  country.     Disposition  to  do  everything  for  the  best  interests 

of  one's  country. 
Nationality.     The  state  of  being  strongly  attached  to  one's  country. 
Patriotism.     Devotion  to  one's  country  and  its  welfare. 
Philanthropy.     Love  of  mankind  accompanied  by  a  disposition  to 

promote  happiness. 
Public  spirit.     Devotion  to  the  interests  of  the  community  or  public. 
Socialism.     A  system  of  social  reform  contemplating  the  complete 

reconstruction  of  society,  with  a  more  equal  distribution  of  labor 

and  property. 
Social  science.     The  science  treating  of  social  problems  and  con- 
ditions. 
The  greatest  happiness  of  the  greatest  number.     [The  motto  of  a 

prominent  party  in  English  politics.] 
Universal  benevolence.     All-pervading  love  of  mankind. 
Utilitarianism.     The  doctrine  which  makes  the  greatest  good  to  the 

greatest    number  the  end  and    criterion  of  action  and  basis  of 

morality. 

Humanitarianism — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Amicus  humani  generis  [L.fl.     A  friend  of  the  human  race. 

Benthamite.  A  believer  in  the  utilitarian  doctrines  taught  by 
Jeremy  Bentham. 

Citizen  of  the  world.  One  who  is  at  home  and  claims  his  rights 
everywhere. 

Communist.  One  who  advocates  the  theory  or  practise  of  com- 
munism. 

Cosmopolite.  One  who  is  at  home  in  all  parts  of  the  world;  a  citizen 
of  the  world. 

Knight  errant.  A  wandering  kntght  in  search  of  adventures  con- 
nected with  the  safety  of  others. 

Patriot,     One  who  is  devoted  to  his  country. 

Philanthropist.     One  who  seeks  to  promote  the  welfare  of  others. 

Socialist.     An  adherent  to  the  doctrines  of  socialism. 

Utilitarian.     One  who  believes  in  utilitarianism. 

Humanitarianism — Adjectives. 

Chivalric.     Pertaining  to  chivalry;  knightly. 
Cosmopolitan.     Free  from  local  prejudices. 


Misanthropy — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Cynic.     One  of  a  group  of  philosophers  who  despised  riches,  the  arts, 

the  sciences,  and  the  usages  of  society. 
Diogenes.     A  Greek  cynic  philosopher.     [4137-323  B.C.] 
Egotist.     One  caring  only  for  himself  and  his  own  opinions. 
Man-hater.     A  hater  of  mankind;  a  misanthrope. 
Misanthrope.     One  who  hates  mankind. 
Misogynist.     A  woman-hater. 
Timon.     The    cynical     hero    of    Shakespeare's    Timon   of  Athens; 

also  a  hater  of  mankind  described  by  Plutarch  and  Lucian. 
Woman-hater.     A  hater  of  womankind ;  a  misogynist 

Misanthropy — Adjectives. 

Antisocial.     Hostile  or  averse  to  society. 

Egotistical,  etc.  Referring  to  self  often,  etc.  See  Unselfishness- 
Selfishness. 

Inhumane.     Hard-hearted. 

Misanthropic.     Hating  mankind. 

Morose,  etc.  Having  a  sour  temper  «r  sullen  disposition,  etc.  See 
Favorite-Moroseness. 

Unpatriotic.     Not  patriotic ;  having  no  love  of  country. 


HUMANITARIANISM— Adjectives— Continued. 
Generous,  etc.     Having  nobleness  of  mind  or  kindness  in  disposition 

and  action,  etc.     See  Unselfishness. 
Humane.     Disposed  to  treat  other  human  beings  or  animals  with 

kindness. 
Humanitarian.     Relating  to  humanitarianism. 
Large-hearted,  etc.     Kind;  generous,  etc.     See  Charitableness. 
Patriotic.     Unselfishly  devoted  to  one's  country  and  its  interests. 
Philanthropic.     Characterized  by  philanthropy. 
Public-spirited.     Disposed  to  advance  the  public  interests  or  those 

of  the  community. 
Utilitarian.     Pertaining  to  utilitarianism. 

Humanitarianism— Poroses. 

Due  it  amor  pairice  [L.|.     Love  of  country  leads  (me) . 

Humani    nihil  a  me  alienum  puto    [L.g.      I  believe  that  nothing 

human  is  foreign  to  me.     [Terence,  Heauton,  1,  1,  25.) 
Omne  solum  forti  patria  [L.j.     Every  soil  is  fatherland  to  the  brave 

man.     [Ovid,  Fasti,  1,  493-] 
Proariset  focis[L.$.  For  our  altars  and  firesides.  [Cicero,  N.D., 3, 40.] 
Pro  bono  publico  [L.].     For  the  public  welfare. 
Un  bien  fait  n'est  jamais  perdu  [F.j.     A  kind  act  is  never  lost 
Vincet  amor  patria  [L.fl.     Love  of  country  wilt  conquer.      [VirgiL 

JEneid,  6,   823.] 


hu-man'-i-ties.  Learning  and  literature  concerned 
with  human  culture ;  the  classical  branches  of  study. 
Language. 

hu-man'-i-ty.  The  human  race;  mankind.  Charita- 
bleness -  Malevolence,  Compassion  -  Ruthless- 
ness,  Humanitarianism-Misanthropy,  Humanity. 

HUMANITY. 

Cosmopolite.     A  person  at  home  everywhere;  one  familiar  with  all 

parts  of  the  world. 
Creature.     A  living  being  regarded  as  created. 
Dramatis  personm    [L.|.      The    characters    in    a   play;    hence,    the 

characters  in  the  play  of  life. 
Earthling.     A  dweller  on  the  earth. 
Fellow  creature.     A  created  being. 
Folk.     People  in  general 

Generation.    The  body  of  persons  existing  at  the  same  time  or  period. 
Human  being.     One  of  the  human  race 

Human  Mture.  }  The  character  of  mankind. 

Human  race.      1   u     . .    .      „,..*, 

Human  species.  1  Mank'"d  collectively. 

Individual.     A  human  being. 

Lords  of  creation.     The  race  of  man . 

Man.     A  representative  of  the  human  race. 

Mankind .     The  whole  human  species. 

Mortal.     A  living  person. 

Mortality.     The  world  of  human  beings  subject  to  death. 

One.     A  single  person. 

Ourselves.     We  human  beings. 

People.     The  human  race. 


Person.     A  human  being 

Personage .     An  individual  being . 

Persons.     The  human  race- 

Society.     The  collective  body  of  the  human  race. 
Humanity — Collective  Nouns. 

Body  politic.     The  body  of  citizens  constituting  the  state. 

Commonweal.     The  community  or  commonwealth . 

Commonwealth.     The  whole  people  of  a  state  as  united  under  a 
government  for  the  common  good. 

Community.     The  people  who  reside  in  one  locality  and  are  subject 
to  the  same  laws,  etc. 

Community  at  large.     The  body  of  people  constituting  a  state. 

General  public.     The  people  collectively. 

Million.     The  mass  of  people.     See  Gentility-Democracy. 

Nation.     The  people  associated  together  and  organized  under  one 
civil  government. 

Nationality.     A  people  who  possess  national  independence  and  unity 

Party.     A  number  or  company  of  persons  joined  by  common  in- 
terests. 

Population.     The  whole  number  of  people  in  a  place.     See  Dweller. 

Public.     The  people  collectively. 

Realm.     The  people  under  the  rule  of  a  sovereign. 

Republic.     A  representative  democracy;  a  community  of   persons 
devoted  to  the  same  cause. 

State.     The  political  community  organized  under  a  distinct  govern- 
ment. 

Humanity — Figurative  Nouns. 

Body.     The  entire  physical  part  of  man;  hence,  a  man. 

Flesh.     The  muscular  part  of  the  body;  hence,  the  human  race. 

Hand.     A  part  of  the  fore  limb  in  man;  hence,  a  person. 

Head.     The  part  of  an  animal  that  contains  the  brain  and  the  organ* 
of  special  sense;  hence,  a  person. 


HUMANITY. 


513 


HURRICANE. 


Liviu^   soul.     The   incorporeal   or   indestructible    nature   o(   man; 

hence,  a  person. 
Soul.     See  Living  soul. 
World.     The  created  universe;  hence,  the  human  race. 

Humanity — Scientific  Nouns. 

Anthropogeny.     The  science  of  the  origin  and  development      man. 

Anthropography.  The  study  of  the  physical  characteristics,  lan- 
guage, institutions,  and  customs  of  the  human  race. 

Anthropology.  The  science  of  the  physical  facts  concerning  man 
and  his  development  and  history. 

Anthroposophy.     Knowledge  of  the  anatomy  and  physiology  of  man. 

Ethnography.  The  science  which  treats  of  man  geographically,  of 
the  causes  of  migration,  etc. 

Ethnology.     The  science  of  the  natural  races  and  families  of  man. 

Humanitarian.  One  who  studies  the  interests  of  the  human  race, 
for  philanthropic  and  humane  reasons. 

Humanity — Adjectives. 

Anthropoid.     Manlike. 

Civic.     Pertaining  to  a  city,  citizen,  or  citizenship. 

Cosmopolitan.     Common  to  all  the  world. 

Human.     Having  the  qualities  or  attributes  of  man. 

Individual.     Characteristic  of  a  single  person. 

Mortal.     Belonging  to  man. 

National.     Common  to  a  whole  people  or  race. 

Personal.     Pertaining  to  a  particular  person. 

Public.     Belonging  to  the  people. 

Social.     Relating  to  the  public  as  an  aggregate  body. 

hu'-man-ize.  To  render  capable  of  humane  actions. 
Politeness-Impoliteness. 

humano  capiti  cervicem  jungere  equinam  [L.]  (hiu-me'- 
no  cap'-i-toi  ser'-vi-sem  jun'-jer-i  i-quai'-nam) .  To 
join  a  horse's  neck  to  a  human  head.  Harmony-Dis- 
cord. 

hum'-ble.  Modest;  meek;  unobtrusive.  Conceit- 
Diffidence,  Heaven-Hell,  Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness,  Yielding;  eat  humble  pie,  Yielding;  humble 
oneself,  Devotion -Idolatry,  Repentance -Ob- 
duracy, Selfrespect- Humbleness;  your  humble 
servant,  Assent-Dissent,  Proffer-Refusal. 

hum'-bled.     Reduced    in    pride.     Selfrespect-Hum- 

BLENESS. 

hum'-ble-mind"-ed.     Lowly  in   mind.     Selfrespect- 

HUMBLENESS. 

hum'-ble-ness.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  humbled. 
Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

hum'-bler  class'-es.  Lower  orders.  Gentility-Democ- 
racy. 

hum'-bly.    In  a  humble  manner.    Conceit-Diffidence. 

hum'-bug".  A  sham;  fraud;  one  who  deceives.  Con- 
sequence, Insignificance,  Gull-Deceiver,  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood, Truthfulness-Fraud. 

hum'-drum".  Monotonous;  listless.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  WlTTINESS-DuLNESS. 

hu'-mect.     To  moisten.     Dampness-Dryness. 

hu-mec'-tate.     To  moisten.     Dampness-Dryness. 

hu"-mec-ta'-tion.  The  act  of  moistening.  Dampness- 
Dryness,  Water-Air. 

hu'-me-rus.     Upper  arm-bone.     Anatomy. 

hu'-mid.  Containing  sensible  moisture.  Dampness- 
Dryness. 

hu-mil'-i-ate.     To    lower    in     esteem.     Selfrespect- 

■    Humbleness. 

hu-mil'-i-a"-ting.  Mortifying.  Reputation  -  Dis- 
credit. 

hu-mil"-i-a'-tion.  A  low  or  humble  condition ;  shame; 
the  act  of  lowering  in  esteem.  Devotion-Idolatry, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Selfrespect-Humbleness; 
self-humiliation,  Repentance-Obduracy. 

hu-mil'-i-ty.  Freedom  from  pride.  Conceit-Diffi- 
dence, Godliness-Ungodliness,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

hum'-ming-top".  A  toy  that  hums  while  rotating  on  a 
point.     Musical  Instruments. 

hum'-mock.  A  small  elevation.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity. Height-Lowness. 

hum'-moc'k-y.     Hilly.     Convexity-Concavity. 
33 


hu'-mor.  Disposition  of  mind  or  feeling;  an  animal 
fluid;  a  facetious  turn  of  mind;  playful  fancy;  to 
adapt  oneself  to ;  manage  by  concession.  Adulation- 
Disparag  ment,  Affections,  Difficulty-Facil- 
ity, Dominance-Impotence,  Leave-Prohibition, 
Liquid-Gas,  Obstruction-Help,  Persistence- 
Whim,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Readiness- 
Reluctance,  Rhetoric,  Subjectiveness-Objec- 
tiveness,  Wittiness-Dulness;  in  the  humor, 
Readiness-Reluctance;  out  of  humor,  Favorite- 
Moroseness;  peccant  humor,  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness,  Health-Sickness. 

hu'-mor-ist.    One  who  has  a  playful  fancy.    Wag. 

hu'-mor-ous.  Adapted  to  excite  laughter.  Rhetoric, 
Wittiness-Dulness. 

hu'-mor-some.  Full  of  whims;  capricious.  Favorite- 
Moroseness,  Persistence-Whim.. 

hump.  The  protuberance  formed  by  a  crooked  back. 
Convexity-Concavity. 

hump'-backed".  Having  a  crooked  back.  Propor- 
tion-Deformity. 

humph.  An  exclamation  of  doubt  or  dissatisfaction. 
Astonishment-Expectance. 

Hum'-phrey,  dine  with  Duke.  To  go  without  dinner. 
Fasting-Gluttony,  Solitude-Company. 

hunch.     A  hump.     Convexity-Concavity. 

hunch'-backed".  Humpbacked.  Proportion -De- 
formity. 

hun'-dred.  A  number;  a  subdivision  of  a  county. 
Extension-District,  Five-Quinquesection,  Mul- 
tiplicity-Paucity. 

hun'-dredth.  One  of  a  hundred  equal  parts.  Five- 
Quinquesection. 

hun'-dred- weight".  A  hundred  pounds.  Heaviness- 
Lightness,  Measure. 

hun'-ger.  A  craving  or  strong  desire  for  food.  Desire- 
Distaste;  hunger  after,  Desire-Distaste. 

hun'-gry.  Suffering  for  want  of  food.  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Fasting-Gluttony. 

hunks.    A  covetous  man.    Extravagance-Avarice. 

hunt.  To  make  a  close  search ;  pursuit  for  the  purpose 
of  killing.  Investigation-Answer,  Life-Killing, 
Quest-Evasion;  hunt  after,  Quest-Evasion;  hunt 
down,  Charitableness-Malevolence;  hunt  in 
couples,  Antagonism-Concurrence;  hunt  out,  Dis- 
covery, Investigation-Answer;  hunt  the  slipper. 
Entertainment-Weariness. 

hunt'-er.  An  animal  used  in  hunting;  a  person  who 
hunts.  Conveyer,  Life-Killing,  Quest-Evasion; 
place-hunter,  Petitioner;  pot-hunter,  Petitioner. 

hunt'-ing.  Pursuit  of  game  for  sport  and  with  intent 
to  kill.    Life-Killing,  Quest-Evasion. 

hunt'-ing-ground".  A  place  where  hunting  is  earned 
on.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

hunts'-man.  One  who  hunts.  Life-Killing,  Quest- 
Evasion. 

hur'-dle.  A  framework  on  which  criminals  were 
dragged  to  the  place  of  execution.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

hur'-dy-gur"-dy.  A  stringed  musical  instrument. 
Musical  Instruments. 

hurl.  To  throw  with  violence.  Push-Pull;  hurl  defi- 
ance at,  Defiance. 

Hurler  avec  les  loups  [F.]  (hur-l§'  a-vec'  lfi  lu).  To  howl 
with  the  wolves.  Conventionality-Unconven- 
tionality,  Variance-Accord. 

Hur-lo-thrum'-bo.  A  burlesque  opera  by  Samuel  John- 
son; absurdity  and  nonsense.  Sanguineness-Timid- 
ity. 

hur'-ly-bur"-ly.     Tumult.     Agitation. 

hur-rah'.  A  shout  of  joy  or  triumph.  Jubilation- 
Lamentation,  Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

hur'-ri-cane.  A  violent  gale.  River-Wind;  hurricane 
deck,  Top-Bottom. 


HURRIED. 


514 


HURRY  -LEISURE. 


hur'-ried.     Showing  haste;  urged  on.     Excitability- 

Inexcitability,  Hurry-Leisure. 
hur'-ry.     To  hasten;  haste.     Excitability-Inexcita- 

bility,      Hurry-Leisure,      Swiftness-Slowness; 


hurry  forward,  Hurry-Leisure;  hurry  of  spirits 
Emotion;  hurry  off  with,  Taking-Restitution* 
hurry  on,  Motive-Caprice. 


HURRY— LEISURE. 


Acceleration.     The  act  of  increasing  speed. 

Brusquerie  [F.j.     The  quality  of  being  rough  or  rude  in  manner  or 

speech. 
Bustle.     Activity  with  excitement  and  hurry. 
Dash.     Quickness  of  execution. 

Despatch.     The  act  of  doing  anything  promptly  and  quickly. 
Dispatch.     Despatch. 

Drive.     Pressure  demanding  prompt  action  or  attention. 
Fidget.     Restlessness. 

Flurry.     Sudden  commotion  or  excitement. 
Flutter.     Rapid  irregular  motion. 
Forced  march.     A  quick  march  by  great  exertion. 
Fuss.     Annoying  display  of  activity. 
Haste.     Quickness  of  motion. 
Hurry.     Confused  haste. 

Impetuosity.     Want  of  reflection ;  driving  or  rushing  with  violence. 
Precipitancy.     The  quality  of  being  rash  or  headlong. 
Precipitation.     Headlong  haste  or  hurry. 
Precipitousness,  etc.     A  moving  onward  rapidly  and  hurriedly.     See 

Adjectives. 
Rush.     A  moving  forward  with  haste. 
Scramble.     Any  disorderly  or  hurried  performance. 
Spirt.     See  Spurt. 
Splutter.     Hastiness. 

Spurt.     An  increase  of  speed  or  energy  for  a  short  time. 
Urgency.     Condition  of  demanding  immediate  action. 
Velocity,  etc.     Swiftness;  celerity,  etc.     See  Swiftness. 

Hurry — Verbs. 
Accelerate.     To  quicken  the  motion  of  anything;  to  hasten. 
Be  in  a  hurry.     See  Nouns. 
Be  in  haste.     See  Nouns. 

Be  precipitate,  etc.     To  be  in  a  hurry,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Bestir  oneself,  etc.     To  quicken  one's  movements.     See  Activity. 
Bundle  on.     To  dispose  of  in  a  hurried  manner. 
Bustle.     To  hurry;  hustle. 
Dash  forward.     To  hasten  ahead. 
Dash  off.     To  hurry  away. 
Dash  onward.     To  hasten  in  advance. 
Dart  to  and  fro.     To  move  quickly  from  place  to  place 
Expedite.     To  hasten  the  process  of. 
Flutter.     To  move  with  quick  vibrating  motion. 
Hasten.     To  act  so  as  to  take  less  time. 
Have  not  a  moment  to  lose. 


Have  not  a  moment  to  spare. 
Have  no  time  to  lose. 
Have  no  time  to  spare. 


To  be  in  a  hurr  . 


Hurry.     To  hasten  with  some  confusion. 

Hurry  forward.     To  hasten  ahead. 

Hurry  onward.     To  hasten  in  advance. 

Jump  at.     To  be  eager  after. 

Lose  no  time.     To  squander  no  time.   „o  Irirry. 


Lose  not  a  moment.)  T 


hurry. 


'  To  hasten. 


Lose  not  an  instant.  J 

Make  a  dash.  I  0      .. 

Make  haste.    I  **  **"•"*• 

Make  short  work  of.     To  do  away  with  quickly. 

Make  the  best  of  one's  time.     To  do  as  much  as  possible  in  a  short 

time. 
Make  the  best  of  one's  way.     To  go  as  far  as  possible  in  a  certain  time. 
Plunge.     To  rush  or  hurry  into  a  state  or  action. 
Plunge  headlong.     To  rush  into  without  delay. 
Precipitate.     To  hasten ,  to  hurry . 
Press  forward.! 
Press  onward.  J 

Push  forward.  1  —  ,  .  _ 

Push  onward.  I  To  urge  by  Patent  effort. 
Put  on.     To  apply  force,  as  steam  ;  to  urge  forward. 
Quicken,  etc.     To  hasten,  to  precipitate,  etc.     See  Swiftness. 
Rush,  etc.     To  move  in  a  hurry,  etc.     See  Swiftness. 
Scramble.     To  run  or  climb  hurriedly. 
Scuttle  along.     To  scamper;  run  in  great  haste. 
Skurry.     To  move  in  confused  haste. 
Urge.     To  drive  onward ,  press  hard. 
Whip.     To  urge  ahead  by  force. 
Whip  forward.  1  —    .  ..     ,         .  , 

Whip  onward.  J  To  turn  sudden'y  "><*  run  ahead. 


Ease.     Freedom  from  labor  or  effort. 

Holiday.     A  day  of  exemption  from  labor. 

Leisure.     Freedom  from  necessary  occupation. 

Otium  cum  dignilate  [LJ.  Leisure  with  honor.    Cicero,  Scxtius,  45.I 

Spare  hours.       \ 

Spare  moments.  [-Time  not  employed  in  labor,  care,  or  attention. 

Spare  time,         J 

Time.     Leisure. 

lime  on  one's  hands.  1  ~.  

Time  to  spare.  J  Tlme  not  emPl°yed  in  labwr 

Vacant  hour.     Unemployed  time ;  leisure. 

Leisure — Verbs. 

Be  an  idle  man.     To  have  one's  time  unemployed 
Be  master  of  one's  time.     To  be  able  to  go  or  act  when  one  chooses. 
Have  leisure,  etc.     To  have  spare  time,  etc.     See  Nouns. 
Move  slowly,  etc.     See  Swiftness-Slowness. 
Repose,  etc.     To  rest.     See  Toil-Relaxation. 
Take  one's  ease,     \ 

Take  one's  leisure.  J. To  be  unemployed. 
Take  one's  time.    J 

While  away  the  time,  etc.     To   spend   time  pleasantly,  etc.      See 
Action-Passiveness. 

Leisure — Adjectives. 
At  a  loose  end.} 

At  leisure.  >  Free  from  labof  and  care. 

At  one's  ease.  ) 
Calm.     Unmoved ;  at  rest. 
Deliberate.     Slow;  leisurely. 
Leisurely.     Not  hasty. 
Quiet.     At  rest;  unmoving. 

Slow,  etc.     Not  quick;  undisturbed,  etc.    See  Swiftness-Slowness 
Undisturbed.     Not  disturbed ;  inactive. 

Leisure — Phrases. 

Eile  mit  weile  [G.].     Make  haste  slowly. 

Time  hanging  heavily  on  one's  hands.     Time  passing  slowly. 


HURRY— Verbs— Continued. 

Work  against  time.     To  attempt  to  do  in  a  shorter  time  than  is  really 
necessary. 

Hurry — Adjectives. 
Boisterous.     Rough;  blustery. 

Breathless.     So  quickly  as  to  be  unable  to  breathe. 
Brusque.     Short;  sharp;  quick. 
Cursory.     Rapid;  hasty. 
Feverish.     Impatient;  very  desirous. 
Furious.     Frantic;  very  great,  as  furious  speed, 
Fussy.     Fidgety. 
Hard-pressed.     Chased. 
Hasty.     With  haste. 
Headlong.     Hasty;  precipitous. 
Hot-headed.     Quick-tempered. 
Hurried.     In  haste. 
Impetuous.     Doing  without  thought. 

In  nas^y7'}  Hasty;  speedy,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

In  all  haste.  \  „      ... 

In  hot  haste./ Humedly- 

Precipitate.     Rash;  quick. 

Pressed  for  time.     In  need  of  time. 

Pushing,  etc.     Hasty,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Scrambling.     Hurriedly. 

Urgent.     Demanding  immediate  action. 

Hurry — Adverbs,  tie. 

X  corps  perdu  [F .].     Headlong;  precipitously. 

All  at  once,  etc.     Suddenly,  etc.     See  Eternity -Instantji  BTT- 

All  haste.     Hastily. 

Amain.     Without  delay. 

Apace,  etc.     Rapidly;  quickly,  etc      See  Swiftness. 

At  short  notice,  etc.     Sae  Earliness. 


HURRY. 


515 


HYGIENE. 


HU  RRY— Conlin  ucd. 
Hurry — Adverbs,  etc. 


is.  W 


By  express. 

By  forced  marches.  ^-As  quickly  as  possible 

By  telegraph.  ) 

By  fits  and  starts.  \  T     , '     .  ,  .  , 

By  spurts  i        short,  irregular,  quick  movements. 

Full  drive.  1  ......       ,.  . 

Full  tilt       )  With  entire  speed. 

Hastily.     With  haste. 

Headlong.     Precipitately. 

Head  over  heels.         ■) 

Head  over  shoulders.  >  After  a  tumbling  and  overturned  manner. 

Heels  over  head.         J 


Helter-skelter.     In  a  disorderly  and  hurried  manner. 

Hop,  skip,  and  jump.     In  a  reckless  manner. 

Immediately,  etc.     In  a  short  time. 

In  haste,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Post  haste.     With  speed;  with  relays  of  horses. 

Slap  bang.     Hurriedly;  without  care  and  with  noise. 

Slap  dash.     Recklessly. 

With  all  haste.     As  quickly  as  possible. 

With  breathless  speed.     So  quickly  as  to  be  unable  to  breathe 

With  haste.     Quickly. 


Hurry — Phrases, 


A  word  and  a  blow. 
Devil  take  the  hindmost. 

Eile  mit  weile  [G.].     Make  haste  slowly. 

Maggiore  fretta,  minore  alto  [It.].     The  more  haste,  the  less  speed. 
No  sooner  said  than  done,  etc.     Something  done  very  quickly,  etc. 
See  Earliness. 


No  time  to  be  lost. 

Ohne  Hast,  aber  ohne  Rast  [G.].      Unhasting  but  unresting  (like  rht 

sun).     [Goethe's  motto.] 
Sauve  qui  pent  [F.].     Save  himself  who  can. 


hur'-ry-skur"-ry.  Confused,  hasty  movements.  Ex- 
citability-Inexcitability. 

hurst.    A  group  of  trees.    Fauna-Flora. 

hurt.  To  injure;  maltreat;  physical  pain;  detriment. 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Good-Evil,  Good- 
ness-Badness,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness, 
Sensuality-Suffering;  hurt  the  feelings,  Favorite- 
Anger,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  more 
frightened  than  hurt,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

hurt'-ful.  Injurious.  Goodness-Badness,  Pleasur- 
ableness-Painfulness. 

hurt'-ful-ness.  The  state  of  being  hurtful.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Goodness-Badness. 

hurt'-ing.  Causing  pain.  .Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness. 

hur'-tle.    To  move  with  violence.    Impetus-Reaction. 

hurt'-less.     Harmless.     Goodness-Badness. 

hus'-band.  To  save  for  a  future  emergency;  a  married 
man;  a  manager.  Conservation,  Generosity-Fru- 
gality, Male-Female,  Manager,  Matrimony- 
Celibacy,  Store. 

hus'-band-man.  One  who  tills  the  soil.  Domestica- 
tion-Agri«ulture. 

hus'-band-ry.  Agriculture;  economical  management. 
Conduct,  Domestication-Agriculture,  Generos- 
ity-Frugality. 

hush.  To  make  silent;  restrain;  stillness.  Movement- 
Rest,  Sound-Silence,  Talkativeness-Taciturn- 
ity, Turbulence-Calmness;  hush  up,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Fighting-Conciliation. 

hush'-mon"-ey.  A  bribe  to  secure  silence.  Compensa- 
tion, Recompense-Punition. 

husk.    The  outer  cover  of  anything.    Cover-Lining. 

husk'-y.  Dry;  not  clear;  hoarse.  Dampness-Dryness, 
Loudness-Faintness,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

hus-sar'.    A  light-horse  trooper.    Belligerent. 

hus'-sy.     A  forward  girl.     Purity-Rake. 

hust'-ings.  A  council ;  a  platform  for  making  speeches. 
Lists,  School,  Tribunal. 

hus'-tle.  To  jostle  roughly;  move  with  difficulty; 
shuffle  together  in  confusion.  Agitation,  Impetus- 
Reaction,  Obstruction-Help,  Organization-Dis- 
organization. 

hut.  A  small,  mean  dwelling.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

hutch.  A  place  for  storing  anything.  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

~uzz.     To  hum.     Resonance-Sibilation. 

huz-za.     Hurrah.     Jubilation-Lamentation. 

hy'-a-cinth.    A  precious  stone.    Embellishment-Dis 
figurement. 


hy'-a-line.  Something  transparent.  Diaphaneity- 
Opaqueness. 

hy'-ber-nate.  To  pass  the  winter.  Activity-Indolence. 

hy"-ber-na'-tion.  The  act  of  passing  the  winter  in 
seclusion  or  sleep.     Activity-Indolence. 

hy'-brid.  The  produce  of  different  kinds  or  species. 
Conventionality-Unconventionality,  Mixture- 
Homogeneity. 

hy'-dra.  A  many-headed  monster.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Fertility-Sterility. 

hy'-drant.  A  discharge-pipe  connected  with  a  water- 
main.     River-Wind. 

hy-drau'-lics.  The  science  of  liquid  in  motion.  River- 
Wind. 

hy"-dro-chlo'-ric.  Containing  hydrogen  and  chlorin. 
Hydrochloric  acid,  Chemistry. 

hy"-dro-dy-nam'-ics.  The  dynamics  of  fluids.  Liq- 
uid-Gas, Water-Air. 

hy'-dro-gen.     An  element.     Chemistry. 

hy-drog'-ra-pher.  One  versed  in  hydrography.  Ocean- 
Land. 

hy"-dro-graph'-ic.  Relating  to  hydrography.  Ocean- 
Land. 

hy-drol'-o-gy.  The  science  which  treats  of  the  waters 
of  the  earth.     Ocean-Land. 

hy'-dro-mel.  Honey  mixed  with  water.  Sweetness- 
Acidity. 

hy-drom'-e-ter.  An  instrument  for  obtaining  the 
strength,  density,  etc.,  of  liquids.     Solidity-Rarity. 

hy-drop'-a-thy.     Water-cure.     Remedy-Bane. 

hy"-dro-pho'-bi-a.  A  disease  caused  by  the  bite  of  a 
rabid  dog.     Desire-DistaSte. 

hy"-dro-stat'-ics.  The  science  which  treats  of  fluids  at 
rest.     Ocean-Land. 

hy-drox'-id.     A  compound.     Chemistry. 

hy-e'-mal.  Pertaining  or  belonging  to  winter.  Keat- 
Cold. 

hy-e'-na.  A  fierce  untamable  quadruped.  Bene- 
factor-Evildoer. 

hy"-et-og'-ra-phy.  The  science  treating  of  the  distribu- 
tion of  rainfall  and  the  graphical  exhibition  of  it  on 
charts.     River-Wind. 

hy"-et-ol'-o-gy.  That  branch  of  meteorology  which 
treats  of  rain.     River-Wind. 

Hy-ge'-ia.     The  goddess  of  health.    Health-Sickness. 
"hy-ge'-ian.        Pertaining    to    health.      Healthiness- 
Unhealthiness. 

hy-gi-an'-tics.  Science  of  curing  disease.  Conserva- 
tion. 

hy'-gi-ene.  The  science  which  treats  of  the  laws  of 
health.     Healthiness-TJnhealthiness. 


HYGIENIC. 


516 


HYPOTHESIS. 


hy"-gi-en'-ic.       Promotive     of    health;      wholesome. 

Conservation,  Healthiness-Unhealthiness. 
hy'-gre.    A  sudden  flood  of  tide  in  an  estuary.    River- 
Wind. 
hy-grom'-e-ter.  '  An  instrument  for  ascertaining  the  hu- 
midity of  the  atmosphere.     Dampness-Dryness. 

hy-grom'-e-try.  The  science  which  treats  of  the  meas- 
urement of  moisture  in  bodies     Dampness-Dryness. 

hy'-le.  A  Greek  term  meaning  matter  in  general. 
Materiality-Spirituality. 

hy'-lo-the"-ism.  Material  pantheism.  Godliness- 
Unoodliness,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

H/'-men.  The  god  of  marriage.  Matrimony-Celibacy. 

hy"  men-e'-al.  Nuptial.  Matrimony-Celibacy;  hy- 
meneal altar,  Matrimony-Celibacy. 

hymn.  A  song  of  praise  or  worship.  Devotion-Idola- 
try, Musician. 

hym'-nal.  A  book  or  collection  of  hymns.  Ceremo- 
nial. 

hymn'-book".     A  hymnal.     Ceremonial. 

hym-nol'-o-gy.  The  study  or  science  of  hymns.  Cere- 
monial. 

hy-pal'-la-ge.  A  figure  of  speech  by  which  one  gram- 
matical form,  or  one  construction,  is  substituted  for 
another.     Reversal,  Rhetoric 

hy-per'-ba-ton.  The  transposition  of  words  from  their 
grammatical  order.     Reversal,  Rhetoric 

hy-per'-bo-la.  A  plane  curve  such  that  the  difference  of 
the  distances  from  any  point  of  the  curve  to  two  fixed 
points  is  constant.     Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

hy-per'-bc-le.  An  exaggeration.  Gull-Hyperbole, 
Rhetoric 

hy"-per-bol'-ic.     Exaggerating.     Rhetoric 

hy"-per-bol'-ic-al.     Exaggerating.     Gull-Hyperbole. 

hy"-per-bol'-ic-al-ly.  In  an  exaggerating  manner. 
Gull-Hyperbole. 

hy-per'-bo-lize.     To  exaggerate.     Gull-Hyperbole. 

by"-per-bo'-re-al.     Very  cold.     Heat-Cold.     . 

Hy"-per-bo'-re-an.  A  dweller  in  the  extreme  north. 
Heat-Cold,  Remoteness-Nearness. 

hy"-per-crit'-i-cism.  Excessive  or  ungenerous  criti- 
cism. Approval  -  Disapproval,  Contentedness- 
Discontentment,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Desire- 
Particularness. 

hy"-per-du'-li-a.  A  kind  of  superior  devotion  paid  to 
the  Virgin  Mary.     Devotion-Idolatry. 

Hy-pe'-ri-on.  A  model  of  manly  beauty.  Beauty- 
Ugliness  ;  Hyperion  to  a  satyr,  Sameness-Contrast. 

hy"-per-or'-tho-dox-y.  Excessive  orthodoxy.  Credu- 
lousness-Skepticism,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

hy"-per-phy'-si-cal.     Supernatural.     Divinity. 

hy-per'-tro-phied.  Excessively  developed.  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution. 

hy-per'-tro-phy.  An  excessive  development.  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution. * 

hy'-phen.  The  mark  connecting  the  parts  of  a  com- 
pound word.     Connective. 

hyp-nol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  the  phenomena  of  sleep. 
Activity-Indolence. 

hyp-not'-ic.  Tending  to  produce  sleep.  Activity- 
Indolence,  Remedy-Bane,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

hyp'-no-tism.  An  artificially  induced  somnambulistic 
state  of  mind.     Activity-Indolence. 

hyp'-o-caust.  A  furnace  for  heating  baths  or  dwelling- 
rooms.     Oven-Refrigerator. 

hyp"-o-chon'-dri-ac.  A  person  tormented  by  gloomy 
fancies.  Anatomy,  Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Saneness-Maniac 

hyp"-o-chon-dri'-ac-al.  Pertaining  to  hypochondria. 
Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

hyp"-o-chon-dri'-a-sis.  Hypochondria.  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection. 

hypocrisie  est  un  hommage  que  le  vice  rend  a  la  vertu  [P.] 


(i-poc-ri-zi'  et  un-  o-mazh'  ke  le  vis  ran'ta  la  ver-tu'). 
Hypocrisy  is  a  homage  which  vice  pays  to  virtue. 
Sage-Fool,  Virtue-Vice. 

hyp-oc'-ri-sy.  Assuming  a  false  appearance  of  virtue 
or  religion.  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Truthful- 
ness-Falsehood. 

hyp'-o-crite .  One  who  feigns  to  be  what  he  is  not.  God- 
liness-Ungodliness,  Gull -Deceiver;  play  the 
hypocrite,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

hyp"-c-crit'-i-cal.  Of  or  pertaining  to  hypocrisy. 
Approval-Disapproval,  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment,  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Truthful- 
ness-Falsehood.   ■ 

hyp"-o-gas'-tric.  Pertaining  to  the  hypogastrium. 
Anatomy. 

hy-pos'-ta-sis.  A  common  nature  or  essence.  Sub- 
stance-Nullity. 

hy"-pc-stat'-ic.  Elemental;  constitutive.  Substance- 
Nullity. 

hy"-po-stat'-ic  un'-ion.  The  union  of  two  natures  in 
one  body.     Divinity. 

hy-poth'-e-cate .  To  assign  in  pledge,  as  security.  Sb» 
curity. 

hy-poth"-e-ca'-tion.  The  pledging  of  personal  property 
as  collateral  security.     Security. 

hy-poth'-e-nuse.  Hypotenuse,  the  longest  side  of  a 
right-angled  triangle.       Parallelism-Inclination. 

hy-poth'-e-sis.  Something  assumed  for  the  purpose  of 
argument.     Hypothesis. 

HYPOTHESIS. 

Association  of  ideas.  Connection  of  one  idea  or  thought  with 
another,  so  that  one  will  follow  the  other. 

Assumption.     Something  taken  for  granted  as  a  basis  for  reasoning 

Bare  suggestion.     A  slight  mention  or  hint. 

Bare  supposition.     Nothing  but  a  supposition. 

Conceit.  A  vain  conception  of  one's  own  abilities  or  accomplish 
ments. 

Condition.     Something  necessary  to  an  occurrence. 

Conjecturality.     Quality  of  being  conjectural. 

Conjecture.     An  opinion  based  on  defective  or  presumptive  evidence. 

Data.     Grounds  for  inference  or  deduction ;  facts  known  or  conceded. 

Divination.     A  forecast  of  future  events. 

Guess.     An  attempt  to  hit  upon  truth  without  certain  evidence. 

Guesswork.     Work  performed  by  guesses  or  based  upon  guesses 

Hint.     Something  slight  or  covert  to  call  attention  to  something. 

Hypothesis.  A  principle  taken  for  granted  in  order  to  prove  the 
point  in  question.  A  working  hypothesis  is  a  theorem  not  yet 
proved. 

Inkling.     Faint  notion. 

Loose  suggestion.     A  suggestion  given  without  much  thought. 

Loose  supposition.     Supposition  made  without  much  thought. 

Position.     Attitude  assumed  with  reference  to  a  subject. 

Postulate.  \  A  basis  of    argument  laid  down  as  too  plain  to 

Postulatum   [L.jJ       require  proof. 

Postulation.     The  act  of  postulating. 

Presumption.     Belief  based  on  strong  but  not  conclusive  evidence. 

Presuppocition.  Something  implied  as  a  necessary  condition;  some- 
thing previously  supposed. 

Proposal.     That  which  is  offered  for  acceptation. 

Proposition.     That  which  is  offered  for  consideration. 

Rough  guess.     A  guess  hastily  made. 

Shot.     A  guess. 

Speculation.     Opinions  resulting  from  mental  examination. 

Suggestion.  Words  intended  to  furnish  some  assistance  or  direc- 
tions. 

Supposition.     An  opinion  based  on  several  reasons. 

Surmise.     An  opinion  based  on  none  or  the  slightest  evidence. 

Suspicion.  Imagination  of  the  existence  of  something  upon  little  or 
no  evidence. 

Theorem.     A  proposition,  not  self-evident,  but  demonstrably  true; 

Theory.     A  rational  explanation  that  agrees  with  all  the  facts. 

Thesis.     A  proposition  that  requires  explanation  or  proof. 

Vague  suggestion.  )  A  suggestion  or  supposition  of  uncertain  souro» 

Vague  supposition,  i      or  authority. 

Hypothbsis — Verbs. 
Allude  to.     To  make  mention  of  in  an  indirect  manner. 
Assume      To  take  for  granted  as  a  basis  for  reasoning. 


HYPOTHESIS. 


517 


H  YSTE  RON-PROTE  RON. 


Believe.     To  accept  as  true  on  the  authority  of  others. 

Conjecture.     To  give  an  opinion  or  explanation  from  defective  or 

presumptive  evidence. 
Dare  say.     To  venture  a  guess. 
Divine.     To  foretell  by  supernatural  aid. 
Fancy.     To  believe  without  substantial  grounds. 
Give  a  guess.     To  make  a  guess. 
Guess.     To  hit  upon  the  truth  at  random. 
Hazard  a  conjecture.     To  venture  to  make  a  conjecture. 
Hazard  a  suggestion.     To  venture  to  make  a  suggestion. 
Hint.     To  make  a  slight  mention  of,  or  covertly  to  call  attention  to 

something. 
Make  a  motion.     To  make  a  proposition  to  an  assembly. 

K  whether.}  To  wonder  **"*  whether- 

Move.     To  put  before  an  assembly. 

Presume.      To  consider  as  very  likely,  though  not  certain. 

Presuppose.  To  consider  as  a  necessary  condition;  to  suppose  pre- 
viously. 

Presurmise.     To  surmise  beforehand. 

Propose.     To  offer  for  consideration  or  acceptation. 

Propound.     To  state  for  consideration  or  solution. 

Put  a  case.     To  state  a  case. 

Put  forth.     To  present  to  notice.  * 

Put  forward  a  conjecture.     To  present  a  conjecture  to  notice. 

Put  forward  a  suggestion.     To  present  a  suggestion  to  notice. 

Put  it  into  one's  head.     To  suggest  it  to  one. 

Run  in  one's  head.     To  be  continually  in  one's  thoughts. 

Speculate.     To  subject  to  mental  examination. 

Start.     To  send  forth. 

Suggest.  To  give  directions  or  words  of  assistance  in  a  modest  or 
quiet  way. 

Suppose.     To  think  a  thing  likely  for  several  reasons. 

Surmise.     To  form  an  opinion  on  none  or  the  slightest  evidence. 

Suspect.  To  have  a  vague  idea  of  the  existence  of,  without  grounds 
or  proof. 

Take  it.     To  consider  as  fact  or  truth. 

Take  it  for  granted.     To  hold  as  true. 

Take  it  into  one's  head.     To  be  seized  with  a  sudden  notion. 

Theorize.     To  formulate  theories. 

Throw  out  a  conjecture.     To  conjecture  carelessly  or  loosely. 

Throw  out  a  suggestion.     To  suggest  carelessly  or  loosely. 

Wis.     To  suppose  or  think. 

Wonder  whether.}  To  **  desirous  of  knowing. 

Hypothesis — Adjectives. 

Allusive.     Mentioning  in  an  obscure  or  indirect  manner;  suggesting 

something  similar  in  another  book. 
Assumed,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Conjectural.     Consisting  of  conjectures. 
Given.     Stated;  admitted  as  a  fact. 


Gratuitous.     Given  without  claim  or  consideration,  as  money  advice. 

Hypothetical.     Of  the  nature  of,  or  based  on  hypotheses. 

Mooted.     Under  consideration. 

Postulatory.     Assumed  without  proof. 

Presumptive.     Founded  on  presumption. 

Putative.     Commonly  thought  or  supposed. 

Speculative.     Consisting  of  speculation. 

Suggestive.     Fitted  or  likely  to  suggest. 

Supposable.     Likely  or  possible  to  suppose. 

Supposing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Supposititious.     Supposed. 

Suppositive.     Consisting  of  or  implying  supposition. 

Theoretical.     Consisting  of  theory. 


Hypothesis — Adverbs,  etc. 


An.     And  if. 

As  if.     Like. 

Ex  hypothesi  [L.J.     According  to  the  hypothesis. 

For  aught  one  knows.     It  may  be. 

If.     On  the  supposition  that. 

If  so  be.    Provided. 

Incase.  I  Tt       . 

In  the  event  of.     i  "  so  bo- 

On  the  supposition,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Perhaps.     It  may  be. 

Provided.     On  condition. 

Quasi.     Appearing  as  if . 

hy"-po-thet'-ioal.  Assumed;  conditional.  Hypothe- 
sis, Modification,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

hypped.  Hypochondriacal;  insane.  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection,  Saneness-Maniac 

hyp-som'-e-try.  The  art  of  measuring  the  heights  of 
points  above  the  earth's  surface.     Mensuration. 

Hyr-ca'-ni-an  Wood.  A  forest  in  an  ancient  province  in 
Asia.     Tidings-Mystery. 

hy'-son.   A  grade  of  green  tea.    Nutriment-Excretion. 

hys"-ter-e'-sis.     A  state  of  magnetism.     Electricity. 

hys-te'-ri-a.     A  nervous  disease.     Saneness-Maniac. 

hys-ter'-ic.  Violently  emotional.  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

hys-ter'-ic-al.  Emotional;  excitable.  Emotion,  Ex- 
citability-Inexcitability,  Excitation,  Persist- 
ence-Whim. 

hys-ter'-ics.  Hysteria.  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Turbulence-Calmness;  in  hysterics,  Excitation, 
Sanguineness-Timidity,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

hys"-te-ron-prot'-e-ron.  The  cart  before  the  horse. 
A  figure  of  speech  that  inverts  the  natural  order  of 
words  or  clauses.     Reversal,  Rhetoric 


518 


IDOL. 


I 


I.  Self -designating  pronoun.  Materiality -Spirit- 
uality, Universality-Particularity. 

i-am'-bic.  Pertaining  to  the  iambus.  Poetry-Prose, 
Rhetoric. 

i-am'-bus.  A  foot  composed  of  a  short  syllable  followed 
by  a  long  one,  or  an  unaccented  syllable  followed  by 
an  accented.     Poetry-Prose. 

I-ap'-et-us.     Satellite  of  Saturn.     Astronomy. 

I-ca'-ri-an.     Venturesome.     Recklessness-Caution. 

Ic'-a-rus.  Greek  mythological  character.  Reckless- 
ness-Caution,  Wayfarer-Seafarer;  fate  of  Icarus, 
Ascent-Descent. 

ice.  Frozen  water.  Heat-Cold,  Heating-Cooling, 
Smoothness-Roughness. 

ice'-berg".     A  floating  mass  of  ice.     Heat-Cold. 

ice'-boat".  A  boat  for  sailing  on  ice.  Conveyaxck- 
Vessel. 

ice'-bound".     Obstructed  by  ice.  Heat-Cold,  Re- 

lease-Restraint. 

ice' -box".     A  refrigerator.     Heating-Cooling. 

ice'-ca-noe".  A  canoe  for  traveling  on  ice.  Convey- 
ance-Vessel. 

ice'-cream".  Cream  or  milk  sweetened,  flavored,  and 
frozen.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

ice'-floe".  A  large  mass  of  floating  ice.  Heat- 
Cold. 

ice'-house".  A  building  for  storing  ice.  Oven-Refrig- 
erator. 

ice'-wa"-ter.  Water  chilled  by  ice.  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion. 

ice'-wool".     A  fine  wool  for  shawls.     Dress-Undress. 

Ich'-a-bod.  A  son  of  Phinehas.  [The  glory  has 
departed.]     Reputation-Discredit. 

ich  dien  [G.]  (iH  din).  I  serve.  (The  motto  of  the 
Prince  of  Wales.)     Gentility-Democracy. 

ich-nog'-ra-phy.  Art  of  tracing  plans.  Delineation- 
Caricature. 

i'-chor.  Ethereal  fluid  in  veins  of  the  gods;  discharge 
from  an  ulcer.     Liquid-Gas. 

ich"-thy-ol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  fishes.  Zoology- 
Botany. 

ich'-thy-o-man"-cy.  Divination  by  the  heads  or  en- 
trails of  fishes.     Prophecy. 

ich"-thy-oph'-a-gous.  Fish-eating.  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion. 

ich"-thy-oph'-a-gy.  The  practise  of  eating  fish.  Nu- 
triment-Excretion. 

ich"-thy-ot'-c~my.  Dissection  of  fishes.  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

i'-con.     An  image.      Delineation-Caricature. 

i-con'-o-clasm.  Image-breaking.  Orthodoxy-Heter- 
odoxy 

i-con'-o-clast.  An  image-breaker.  Benefactor-Evil- 
doer, Maker- Destroyer,  Orthodoxy -Heter- 
odoxy. 

i-con"-o-clast'-ic.  Breaking  images.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

i"-co-nog'-ra-phy.  Art  of  representation  by  pictures. 
Delineation-Caricature. 

i"-co-sa-he'-dron.  A  solid  with  20  plane  faces. 
Angularity. 

i"-co-si-tet"-ra-he'-dron.  Form  of  crystal.  Miner- 
alogy. 

ic'-tus.  A  metrical  accent  on  a  word  or  syllable. 
Poetry-Prose. 


id  est  [L.]  (id  est).  That  is.  Clearness -Obscuri- 
ty, Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 

i-de'-a.  Conception.  Conception-Theme,  Magni 
tude-Smallness;  give  an  idea  of,  Education-Mis- 

TEACHING. 

i-de'-al.  A  model  of  excellence;  unreal.  Entirety- 
Deficiency,  Entity-Nonentity,  Fancy,  Truth- 
Error. 

idial,  beau  [F.]  (i-de-al',  bo).  A  perfect  model  of  beau- 
ty.    Beauty-Ugliness. 

i-de'-al-ism.  The  system  or  theory  that  makes  all  im- 
mediate knowledge  ideas.     Fancy. 

i-de'-al-ist.  One  who  holds  the  doctrine  of  idealism. 
Fancy. 

i"-de-al'-i-ty.  Quality  or  state  of  being  ideal ;  power  to 
form  ideals.     Fancy,  Mind-Imbecility. 

i-de'-al-ize.     To  form  ideas.     Fancy. 

id&e  fixe  [F.]  (i-de'  fix).  A  fixed  idea.  Decision- 
Misjudgment. 

i'-dem.     The  same.     Sameness-Contrast. 

i-den'-ti-cal.  The  same.  Sameness-Contrast,  Syno- 
nym-Antonym. 

i-den'-ti-cal-ly.  In  an  identical  manner.  Sameness- 
Contrast. 

i-den"-ti-fi-ca'-tion.  Act  of  identifying;  state  of  being 
identified.  Comparison  -  Discovery,  Sameness- 
Contrast. 

i-den'-ti-fy.  To  make  to  be  the  same.  Discovery', 
Sameness-Contrast. 

i-derj'-ti-ty.  Sameness.  Equality-Inequality,  Same- 
ness-Contrast. 

i"-de-ol'-o-gy .  Science  of  the  evolution  of  human  ideas. 
Mind-Imbecility. 

ides.  The  15th  of  March,  May,  July,  and  October,  and 
the  13th  of  the  other  months.  Ides  of  March, 
Volition-Obligation. 

id"-i-oc'-ra-sy.  Peculiarity  of  constitution.  Inclina- 
tion, Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 

id'-i-o-cy.  State  of  being  idiotic.  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity. 

id'-i-om.  Peculiar  mode  of  expression  of  a  language. 
Phrase,  Universality-Particularity. 

id"-i-o-mat'-ic.  Peculiar  to  a  certain  language. 
Phrase. 

id"-i-o-syn'-cra-sy.  Constitutional  peculiarity;  distinc- 
tive mental  quality.  Affections,  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Inclination,  Subjective- 
ness-Objectiveness,Universality-Particularity. 

id'-i-ot.  An  imbecile.  Sage-Fool,  Saneness-Lunacy; 
tale  told  by  an  idiot,  Meaning-Jargon. 

id"-i-ot'-ic.     Like  an  idiot.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

id'-i-ot-ism.  An  idiom;  idiocy.  Phrase,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 

i'-dle.  Vain;  doing  nothing;  slothful;  spend  in  idle- 
ness. Activity-Indolence,  Consequence-Insic- 
nificance,  Sagacity-Incapacity;  be  an  idle  man, 
Hurry-Leisure;  idle  conceit,  Wittiness-Dulness; 
idle  hours,  Action-Pagsiveness;  idle  talk,  Conver- 
sation-Monologue ;  idle  time  away,  Activity-Indo- 
lence; lie  idle,  Action-Passiveness. 

i'-dle-ness.     Inactivity.     Activity-Indolence. 

i'-dler.     One  who  idles.     Activity-Indolence. 

i'-dol.  Object  of  passionate  affection;  image  of  a 
heathen  god.     Desire-Distaste,  Devotion-Idola- 


IDOL. 


519 


ILL-HUMORED. 


try,  Favorite-Anger;  idol  of  the  people,  Favorite- 
Anger. 

i-dol'-a-ter.  A  worshiper  of  idols.  Orthodoxy-Het- 
erodoxy. 

i-dol'-a-trous.  Worshiping  idols.  Devotion -Idola- 
try, Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

i-dol'-a-try.  Worship  of  idols;  idolatrous  love.  De- 
votion-Idolatry, Favorite-Anger,  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

i'-dol-ism.     Idolatry.     Devotion-Idolatry. 

i  -dol-ize.  Regard  with  love;  worship  idolatrously. 
Godliness-Ungodliness,  Love-Hate. 

i-do'-ne-ous.     Suitable.     Harmony-Discord. 

i'-dyl.  A  short  pastoral  poem;  a  narrative  poem. 
Poetry-Prose. 

i'-dyl-ist.     A  pastoral  poet  or  painter.     Poetry-Prose. 

i-dyl'-lic.     Having  a  rural  quality.     Poetry-Prose. 

if.     In    case    that;  granting    that;  whether.     Condi- 
tion-Situation, Hypothesis,  Modification;  ifpos 
sible,    Modification,     Possibility -Impossibility; 
if  you  please,  Petition-Expostulation. 

ig'-ne-ous.  Pertaining  to  or  like  fire.  Heat-Cold; 
igneous  rock,  Geology. 

ignis  jatuus  [L.]  (ig'-nisfat'-yu-us).  Will-o'-the-wisp; 
a  misleading  influence.  Light-Darkness,  Lumi- 
nary-Shade, Sight-Dimsightedness,  Substance- 
Nullity,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

ig-nite'.     To  kindle.     Chemistry,  Heating-Cooling. 

ig-ni'-tion.     Act  of  kindling.     Heating-Cooling. 

ig-no'-ble  Base;  shameful;  low-born.  Gentility- 
Democracy. 

ig"-no-min'-i-ous.  Disgraceful.  Reputation-Discred- 
it, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

ig'-no-min"-y.  Put  He  disgrace;  shame.  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

ig"-no-ra'-mus.    An  ignorant  person.  Scholar-Dunce. 

ig'-no-rance.  Want  of  knowledge.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance;  keep  in  ignorance,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy;    plead  ignorance,  Justification-Charge. 

ignorance  crasse  [F.]  (i-nyo-rcuvs'  eras).  Gross  igno- 
rance.    Knowledge-Ignorance. 

ig'-no-rant.  Illiterate;  unknowing.  Certainty-Doubt, 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Scholar-Dunce. 

ignorantia  legis  neminem  excusat  [L.]  (ig-no-ran'- 
shi-a  li'-jis  nem'-i-nem  ex-kiu'-zat) .  Ignorance  of 
the  law  excuses  no  one.     Law-Lawlessness. 

ig'-no-rant-ly.     Without  knowing.     Knowledge-Ig- 
norance. 

ignoratio  elenchi  [L.]  (ig-no-re'-shi-o  i-len'-kai).  Ig- 
norance of  the  refutation.  Ratiocination-Casuis- 
try. 

ig-nore'.  Disregard;  be  ignorant  of;  reject.  Asser- 
tion-Denial, Carefulness-Carelessness,  Com- 
mission-Abrogation, Credulousness-Skepticism, 
Enlightenment-Secrecy, Knowledge-Ignorance, 
Observance-Nonobser VANCE. 

ignosciio  sxpe  alteri,  nunqnam  libi  [L.]  (ig-nos'-si-to 
si'-pi  al'-ter-ai,  nun'-quam  tib'-i).  Pardon  another 
often,  never  thyself.  Observance-Nonobservance  , 
Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

ignotum,  omne .  .  .  pro  magnifico  [L.]  (om'-ni  ig-no'- 
tum  "pro  mag-nif'-i-co) .  Everything  unknown  [is 
assumed  to  be]  something  magnificent.  Credu- 
lousness-Skepticism. 

ignotum  per  ignotius[h.]  (ig-no'-tum  per  ig-no'-shi-us) . 
A  thing  unknown  by  a  thing  more  unknown.  Ratioc- 
ination-Casuistry. 

il'-e-um.     Part  of  the  intestines.     Anatomy. 

il'-i-ac.     Pertaining  to  the  ileum.     Anatomy. 

Ilium  juit  [L.]  (il'-i-um  fiu'-it).  Ilium  [Troy] has  been. 
Future-Past. 

ilk.     Same.     Sameness-Contrast. 

ill.  Badness;  misfortune;  sickness;  sick.  Good-Evil, 
Goodness-Badness.    Health-Sickness;  as  ill  luck 


would  have  it,  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness; 
Welfare- Misfortune,  bird  of  ill  omen,  Warn- 
ing; do  an  ill  office  to,  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence; go  on  ill,  Success-Failure,  Welfare-Mis- 
fortune; house  of  ill  fame,  Purity-Impurity;  ill  at 
ease,  Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Pleasure- 
Pain;  ill  betide,  Charitableness-Curse;  ill  blood, 
Charitableness- Malevolence,  Love -Hate;  ill 
humor,  Favorite-Anger,  Favorite-Moroseness, 
Favorite-Quarrelsomeness;  ill  luck,  Welfare- 
Misfortune;  ill  off,  Affluence-Penury,  Excess- 
Lack,  Welfare-Misfortune;  ill  repute,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit; ills  that  flesh  is  heir  to,  Good- 
Evil,  Health-Sickness,  Pleasure-Pain;  ill  turn, 
Charitableness -Malevolence,  Good-Evil;  ill 
usage,  Charitableness  -  Malevolence;  ill  will, 
Charitableness  -Malevolence  ;  ill  wind,  Good- 
ness-Badness, Obstruction-Help,  Welfare-Mis- 
fortune; look  ill,  Beauty-Ugliness;  take  ill,  Con- 
tentedness-Discontentment,  Favorite-Anger. 
ill'-ad-vised" .  Badly  advised.  Propriety-Impro- 
priety,   Sagacity-Incapacity,    Skill-Unskilful- 

NESS. 

ill'-af-fect"-ed.  Badly  affected.  Favorite-Morose- 
ness. 

il-lapse'.  Fall  or  glide.  Conversion-Reversion,  En- 
trance-Exit. 

il-la'-que-ate.     Insnare.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

ill'-as-sort"-ed.     Badly  assorted.    Harmony-Discord. 

il-la'-tion.     Inference.     Decision-Misjudgment. 

il-laud'-a-ble.     Not  praiseworthy.     Innocence-Guilt. 

ill'-be-haved".  Discourteous.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness. 

ill'-bo"-ding.     Threatening.     Portent. 

ill'-bred".  Badly  taught  or  reared.  Politeness-Impo- 
liteness, Taste-Vulgarity. 

ill-breed'-ing.  Poor  training.  Politeness-Impoliti: 
ness. 

ill'-con-di"-tion-ed.  Having  bad  qualities;  being  is 
bad  state.  Charitableness-Malevolence,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility, Goodness-Badness,  Politeness- 
Impoliteness,  Virtue-Vice. 

ill'-con-duct"-ed.    Badly  managed.    Skill-Unskilfui- 

NESS. 

iU'-con-trived".  Badly  devised  or  schemed.  Charita- 
bleness-Malevolence, Goodness-Badness,  Pro- 
priety-Impropriety, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

ill'-de-fined".  Badly  marked  out.  Visibility-Invisi- 
bility. 

ill'-de- vised".  Badly  contrived.  Sagacity-Incapac- 
ity, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

ill'-di-gest"-ed .  Badly  arranged  in  the  mind.  Prepa- 
ration-Nonpreparation. 

ill'-dis-posed" .  Maliciously  inclined.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence, Dueness-Undueness,  Favor- 
ite-Moroseness. 

il-le'-gal.  Unlawful.  Law-Lawlessness,  Leave- 
Prohibition,  Right-Wrong. 

il"-le-gal'-i-ty.  State  of  being  illegal.  Dueness-Un- 
dueness, Law-Lawlessness. 

il-le'-gal-ly.     Unlawfully.     Law-Lawlessness. 

il-leg'-i-ble.  Not  easily  read.  Clearness-Obscurity; 
illegible  hand,  Writing-Printing;  render  illegible, 
Mark-Obliteration. 

il"-le-git'-i-rna-cy.  Unlawfulness.  Dueness-Undue- 
ness, Law-Lawlessness. 

il"-le-git'-i-mate.  Illegal;  illogical.  Dueness-Undue- 
ness, Law-Lawlessness,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

ill'-fa"-ted.     Unfortunate.     Welfare-Misfortune. 

ill'-fa"-vored.     Ugly.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

iU'-fla"-vored.     Tasting  badly.     PALATABLENFrs-Ux- 

PALATABLENESS. 

ill'-fur"-nished.     Badlv  provided.     Excess-Lack. 
ill'-hu"-mored.      Crabbed.     Favorite-Moroseness 


ILLIBERAL. 


520 


IMITATION. 


tl-lib'-er-al.  Not  generous;  mean;  lacking  culture. 
Decision-Misjudgment,  Extravagance-Avarice, 
Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

il-lib"-er-al'-i-ty.  Bigotry.  Extravagance-Avarice, 
Politeness-Impoliteness,  Unselfishness-Selfish- 
ness. 

il-lic'-it.  Illegal.  Dueness-Undueness,  Law-Law- 
lessness. 

ill"-im-ag'-ined.  Badly  fancied  or  devised.  Sagacity- 
Incapacity,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

il-lim'-it-a-ble.      Boundless.     Infinity. 

il-lim'-it-ed.     Not  bounded.     Infinity. 

ill'-in-ten"-tioned.  Malevolent.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

il-lit'-er-ate.     Uneducated.     Knowledge-Ignorance. 

ill'-judged".  Foolish;  injudicious.  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

Ul'-judg"-ing.  Estimating  badly.  Decision-Mis- 
judgment. 

ill' -made".  Badly  formed.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Pro- 
portion-Deformity. 

ilT-man"-nered.  Rude;  impolite.  Politeness-Impo- 
liteness, Taste-Vulgarity. 

ill'  man'-ners.  Poor  breeding.  Politeness-Impo- 
liteness. 

ill'-marked".     Ill-defined.     Visibility-Invisibility. 

ill  name.     Bad  repute.     Reputation-Discredit. 

ill  na'-ture.  Peevishness.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence. 

iU'-na"-tured.  Peevish.  Charitableness  -  Malevo- 
lence. 

ill'-ness.     Sickness.     Health-Sickness. 

il-log'-ic-al.  Contrary  to  the  rules  of  logic.  Ratioci- 
nation-Casuistry, Truth-Error. 

il-log'-ic-al-ly.  Inconsistently.  Ratiocination-In- 
stinct. 

ill'-o"-mened.  Inauspicious.  Sanguineness-  Hope- 
lessness, Security-Insecurity,  Welfare-Mis- 
fortune. 

ill'-pro-por"-tioned.  Unsymmetric.  Proportion-De- 
formity. 

ill'-pro-vid"-ed.     Not  well  supplied.     Excess-Lack. 

ill'-qual"-i-fied.  Badly  fitted.  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness. 

ill'-re-qui"-ted.  Ill-repaid.  Thankfulness  -Thank- 
lessness. 

ill'-spent".    Unprofitable.    Usefulness-Uselessness. 

ill  tem'-per.  Irritability.  Favorite-Quarrelsome- 
ness, Favorite-Moroseness. 

ill'-tem"-pered.  Sullen;  irascible.  Favorite-Morose- 
ness, Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

ill'-timed".  Inopportune.  Harmony-Discord,  Op- 
portuneness-Unsuitableness. 

ill'-treat".  Treat  badly.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Goodness-Badness,  Harshness-Mildness. 

ill'-treat"-ment.     Unkindness.     Goodness-Badness. 

il-lume'.     To  throw  light  upon.     Light-Darkness. 

il-lu'-mi-nate.  Enlighten;  decorate  with  colors. 
Color-Achroma-'ism,  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment, Light-Darkness,  Luminary-Shade. 

illuminati  [L.]  (il-lu-min-e'-tai) .  Those  who  are  en- 
lightened.    Scholar-Dunce. 

il-lu  -mi-na'-tion.  Enlightenment:  coloring;  celebra- 
tion. Embellishment- Disfigurement,  Engrav- 
ing, Light-Darkness,  Solemnization. 

il-lu'-mine.     Enlighten.     Light-Darkness. 

ill'-use".  Bad  treatment.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Goodness-Badness. 

ill'-used".     Treated  badly.     Pleasure-Pain. 

U-lu'-sion.  Any  misleading  appearance.  Fancy, 
Truth-Error,  Truthfulness-Fraud,  Vision-Dim- 
sightedness. 

il-lu'-sive.     Fallacious;    deceitful.     Fancy,    Ratioci- 


nation-Casuistry, Truth-Error,  Truthfulness- 
Fabrication,   Truthfulness-Fraud. 

il-lu'-so-ry.  Deceiving.  Fancy,  Ratiocination-Cas- 
uistry, Truth -Error,  Truthfulness -Fadrica- 
tion,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

il-lus'-trate.  Explain;  elucidate;  adorn.  Conven- 
tionality-Unconventionality,  Delineation-Car- 
icature, Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Inter- 
pretation-Misinterpretation. 

il-lus'-tra"-ted.     Adorned.     Nature-Art. 

il"-lus-tra'-tion.  An  example;  a  picture.  Conven- 
tionale y-Unconventionality,  Delineation-Car- 
icature, Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Engrav- 
ing, Interpretation-Misinterpretation,  Nature- 
Art,  Rhetoric. 

il-lus'-tra-tive.     Explanatory.     Conventionality-Un- 

CONVENTIONALITY,  DeLINEATION-CaRICATURE. 

il-lus'-tri-ous.      Renowned.      Reputation-Discredit. 

il-lus'-tri-ous-ness.      Fame.      Reputation-Discredit. 

im'-age.  Likeness;  representation;  metaphor  or 
simile.  Appearance-Disappearance,  Conception- 
Theme,  Delineation-Caricature,  Likeness-Un- 
likeness,  Rhetoric,  Trope;  graven  image,  Devo- 
tion-Idolatry. 

im'-age-ry.  Formation  of  images;  figurative  descrip- 
tion.    Delineation-Caricature,  Fancy,  Trope. 

im-ag'-i-na-ry.  Non-existing;  fancied.  Fancy;  im- 
aginary quantity,  Number. 

im-ag"-i-na'-tion.  Power  to  create  mental  images. 
Fancy. 

im-ag'-i-na-tive.     Fanciful.     Fancy. 

im-ag'-ine.     To  fancy.     Fancy. 

im-ag'-ined.     Fancied.     Fancy. 

im-ag'-in-ing.     Fancying.     Fancy. 

i-mam'.  Officer  in  Mohammeda'.i  mosques;  title  of 
Mohammed.     Chief-Underling,  Ministry-Laity. 

im'-bec-ile.  Incapable;  silly.  Might-Impotence,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity, Saneness-Lunacy. 

imbecile  [F.]  (an--be-sil').     Fool.     Sage-Fool. 

im"-bec-il'-i-ty.  Feebleness.  Adage- Nonsense, 
Mind-Imbecility,  Regularity-Irregularity,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity. 

im-bibe'.  Drink  or  take  in.  Admission-Expulsion; 
imbibe  learning,  Education-Learning. 

im"-bi-bi'-tion.     Drinking  in.     Admission-Expulsion. 

im-bran'-gle.  Mix  confusedly.  Organization-Disor- 
ganization. 

im'-bri-ca"-ted.  Lying  regularly  over  one  another. 
Cover-Lining. 

im-bro'-glio.  Troublesome  complication;  intricate 
plot.  Difficulty-Facility,  Regularity-Irregu- 
larity, Variance-Accord. 

im-brue'.  Wet  or  moisten;  impregnate.  Dampness- 
Dryness,  Injection-Ejection;  imbrue  one's  hands 
in  blood,  Charitableness-Malevolence,  Fighting- 
Conciliation,  Life-Killing;  imbrue  the  soul,  Ex- 
citation. 

im-bue'.  Cause  to  become  thoroughly  pervaded.  Col- 
or-Achromatism, Dampness-Dryness,  Education- 
Misteaching,  Injection-Ejection,  Mixture-Ho- 
mogeneity. 

im-bued'.  Thoroughly  pervaded.  Affections;  im- 
bued with,  Affections,  Emotions,  Faith-Misgiv- 
ing, Habit-Desuetude. 

im-burse'.     Supply  with  money.    Affluence-Penury. 

im'-i-ta-ble.  Possible  to  imitate.  Imitation-Origi- 
nality. _ 

im'-i-tate.  To  copy.  Imitation-Originality,  I.ikk- 
ness-Unlikeness. 

im'-i-ta"-ted.     Copied.     Imitation-Originality. 

im"-i-ta'-tion.  Faculty  of  imitating;  copying;  likeness. 
Copy-Model,  Delineation-Caricature,  Imitation- 
Originality,  Nature-Art. 


IMITATION— ORIGINALITY. 


521 


IMMATURITY. 


IMITATION— ORIGINALITY. 


Assimilation.  The  act  of  bringing  to  a  resemblance,  likeness,  or  iden- 
tity. 

Copy,  etc.     An  imitation  or  reproduction  of  an  original  work. 

Copying,  etc.     The  act  of  imitating  or  reproducing.     See  Verbs. 

Duplication.     Exact  imitation  or  copying. 

Echo.     Repeated  sound. 

Forgery.     False  imitation  with  fraudulent  intention. 

Imitation.     Copying  which  is  inferior  to  the  original. 

Mimicry.     Ludicrous  imitation  for  sport  or  ridicule. 

Mockery.     Act  of  exposing  to  contempt  by  insincere  imitation. 

Paraphrase.  Reproduction  in  different  terms  of  the  sense,  as  of  an 
author's  words. 

Parody.     Burlesque  imitation. 

Personation.  The  act  of  counterfeiting  the  person  or  character  of 
another. 

Plagiarism.     Quoting  without  giving  credit  to  the  source. 

Quotation.     Repetition  of  the  words,  as  of  an  author. 

Reduplication.     Duplication  again  and  again. 

Repetition.     The  act  of  doing  or  saying  something  over. 

Representation.     The  act  of  re-presenting. 

Reproduction.  The  act  of  bringing  forward  again,  as  of  a  play; 
repetition  of  living  organisms. 

Semblance.     Actual  or  apparent  resemblance. 

Simulation.     The  act  of  assuming  a  feigned  or  untrue  appearance. 

Transcription.     The  act  of  copying;  a  copy. 

Imitation — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Ape.     An  animal  that  imitates  human  actions. 

Cuckoo.     A  small  bird  whose  cry  gives  it  its  name. 

Imitator.     One  who  imitates. 

Mimic.     One  who  imitates  for  sport. 

Mocking-bird.     A  bird  which  imitates  the  notes  of  other  birds. 

Monkey.     An  animal  which  imitates  human  actions. 

Parrot.     A  bird  which  imitates  human  speech. 

Imitation — Verbs. 

Act,  etc.     See  Acting. 

Ape.     To  imitate  like  an  ape  or  servilely. 

Burlesque.     To  represent  ridiculously. 

Caricature.     To  exaggerate  ridiculously. 

Catch.     To  become  affected  with,  as  a  disease. 

Copy.     To  reproduce. 

Counterfeit.     To    imitate;  pretend;  coin    money     without     lawful 

authority. 
Do  like.     To  imitate. 
Echo.     To  reflect  in  sound. 
Emulate.     Strive  to  be  like. 
Follow  in  the  footsteps  of .  i 
Follow  in  the  steps  of.        J- To  imitate. 
Follow  in  the  wake  of.       ) 
Follow  suit.     To  play  a  card  of  the  same  suit  as  the  leading  one; 

hence,  to  do  like. 
Follow  the  example  of.     Set  up  the  deeds  of  for  imitation.       — 
Imitate.     To  make  a  copy  of. 

Match.     To  be  of  the  same  character,  form,  size,  or  quality. 
Mimic.     To  imitate  for  sport  or  ridicule. 
Mirror.     To  reflect,  as  a  mirror  reflects. 
Mock.     To  imitate  in  derision  or  sport. 
Model  after.     To  plan  or  form  after. 
Parody.     To  produce  a  parody  on . 
Parallel.     To  make  to  be  like  something  else  in  character;  to  be  like. 


No  imitation. 

Non-imitation.      Something  original  or  uncopied. 
Originality.     The  power  of  being  original  or  inventive. 

Originality — Adjectives. 

Inimitable.     That  cannot  be  copied. 

Original.     Not  imitated  or  copied. 

Uncopied.     Not  imitated. 

Unimitated.     Not  copied. 

Unique.     Without  a  like. 

Unmatched.     Not  of  the  same  character,  form,  size,  or  quality. 

Unparalleled.     Having  no  equal;  unmatched. 


IMITATION— Verbs— Continue  d. 

Personate.     To  take  the  character  of. 
Reecho.     To  reflect  again  in  sound. 
Reflect.     To  turn  back  an  image  of. 
Repeat.     To  say  or  do  something  over. 

Represent,  etc.     To  form  a  representation  of,  etc.     See  Delinea- 
tion. 
Reproduce.     To  bring  forth  offspring;  to  make  a  copy  of. 
Simulate.     To  take  or  have  only  the  appearance  or  form  of. 
Strike  in  with.     To  conform  with ;  to  side  with. 
Take  after.     To  attempt  to  imitate. 

Take  a  leaf  out  of  another's  book.     To  copy  or  imitate  exactly. 
Take  off.     To  imitate  and  mimic. 
Take  pattern  by.     Follow  the  example  of. 
Transcribe.     To  reproduce  in  the  same  words 
Travesty.     To  imitate  so  as  to  make  ridiculous  or  ludicrous. 
Tread  in  the  footsteps  of.^ 
Tread  in  the  steps  of.  >To  imitate. 

Tread  in  the  wake  of.       J 
Walk  in  the  shoes  of.     To  copy  after. 


Imitation — Adjectives. 

Imitable.     That  can  be  imitated. 

Imitated.     Copied. 

Imitative.     Inclined  to  copy. 

Literal.     Exactly  translated  or  transcribed;  unimaginative. 

Mimic.     Inclined  to  imitate  for  sport  or  ridicule. 

Mock.     Merely  imitative. 

Modeled  after.     Copied  after;  imitating. 

Molded  on.     Shaped  or  formed  after. 

Paraphrastic.     Of  the  nature  of  a  paraphrase.     See  Nouns. 

Second-hand.     Not  from  the'original  source;  being  a  poor  imitation. 

Imitation — Adverbs,  etc. 

Literally.     Word  by  word;  unimaginatively. 

Literatim  [L-1.     Letter  for  letter. 

Mot  a  mot  [F.fl.     Word  for  word. 

Sic  [L.B.     Thus. 

To  the  letter.     Letter  by  letter. 

Totident  verbis  [L.fl.     In  so  many  words. 

Verbatim  [L.J.     In  the  same  words. 

Word  for  word.     Exactly. 

Imitation — Phrase. 
Like  master,  like  man.     The  servant  will  be  what  his  master  is. 


im'-i-ta"-tive.  Inclined  to  imitate.  Delineation- 
Caricature,  Imitation-Originality. 

im'-i-ta"-tor.     A  copyist.     Imitation-Originality. 

im-mac'-u-late.  Without  spot ;  pure.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Inno- 
cence-Guilt. 

im'-ma-nent.  Inherent.  Subjectiveness-Objective- 
ness. 

5m-man'-i-ty. 
lence. 

Im-man'-u-el. 
Divinity. 

tm"-ma-te'-ri-al.  Unimportant;  spiritual.  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Materiality-Spiritual- 
ity. 


Barbarity.     Charitableness-Male  vo- 
God  with  us;  a  name  given  to  Christ. 


im-ma-te'-ri-al-ism.        Spirituality.  Materiai  ity* 

Spirituality. 

im"-ma-te"-ri-al'-i-ty .  Spirituality ;  unimportance. 
Consequence-Insignificance,  Materiality-Spir- 
ituality, Mind-Imbecility. 

im"-ma-te'-ri-al-ness.  Spirituality.  Materiality- 
Spirituality. 

im"-ma-te'-ri-ate.  Incorporeal.  Materiality-Spir- 
ituality. 

im"-ma-ture' .  Undeveloped;  imperfect.  Novelty- 
Antiquity,  Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

im"-ma-tu'-ri-ty.  Incompletion.  Entirety-Deficien- 
cy, Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Novelty-Antiq- 
uity, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 


IMMEASURABLE. 


522 


IMPELLING. 


im-meas'-u-ra-ble.  Illimitable;  vast.  Infinity,  Mag- 
nitude-Smallness. 

im-meas'-u-ra-bly.  Infinitely.  Magnitude-Smallness. 

im-me'-di-ate.  Instant.  Continuity-Interruption, 
Earliness-Lateness. 

im-me'-di-ate-ly.  Instantly;  forthwith.  Earliness- 
Lateness,  Eternity  -  Instantaneity,  Hurry- 
Leisure. 

immedicabile  vulnus  [L.]  (im-med-i-cab'-il-i  vul'-nus) . 
Irreparable  injury.     Good-Evil. 

im-med'-i-ca-ble.  Incurable.  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness. 

im-mel-o'-di-ous.  Inharmonious.  Melody- Disso- 
nance. 

im"-me-mo'-ri-al.  Reaching  back  beyond  memory. 
Novelty-Antiquity;  from  time  immemorial, 
Future-Past;  immemorial  usage,  Habit-Desue- 
tude, Novelty-Antiquity. 

im-mense'.  Vast;  very  great.  Greatness-Little- 
ness, Infinity,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

im-men'-si-ty.  Greatness.  Greatness-Littleness, 
Magnitude-Smallness. 

im-merge'.  Plunge;  disappear.  Injection-Ejec- 
tion, Water-Air. 

im-merse'.  Dip  entirely  under  water  or  other  liquid. 
Injection-Ejection,  Water-Air.    ' 

im-mersed'.     Dipped.     Immersed  in,  Confinement. 

im-mer'-sion.  Dipping;  baptism.  Injection-Ejec- 
tion, Materiality-Spirituality. 

im"-meth-od'-ic-al.  Lacking  method.  Regularity- 
Irregularity. 

im'-mi-grant.  One  who  immigrates.  Constituent- 
Alien,  Entrance-Exit. 

im"-mi-gra'-tion.  An  immigrating.  Entrance-Exit, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

im'-mi-nent.  Impending.  Approach-Withdrawal, 
Occurrence-Destiny. 

im-mis"-ci-bil'-i-ty.  Quality  of  not  mixing.  Cohe- 
sion-Looseness. 

im-mis'-ci-ble .  Not  capable  of  mixing.  Cohesion- 
Looseness. 

im-mis'-sion.     A  sending  in.     Admission-Expulsion. 

im-mit'-i-ga-ble.  Not  capable  of  being  softened.  Par- 
don -  Vindictiveness,  Sanguineness  -  Hopeless- 
ness. 

im-mix'.      Mingle  together.      Mixture-Homogeneity. 

im"-mo-bil'-i-ty.  Fixedness.  Movement-Rest, 

Mutability-Stability. 

im-mod'-er-ate-ly.  Excessively.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness. 

im-mod'-est.     Impure.     Purity-Impurity. 

im-mod'-est-ly.     Indelicately.     Purity-Impurity. 

im-mod'-es-ty.     Forwardness.     Purity-Impurity. 

im'-mo-late.  To  sacrifice.  Giving-Receiving,  Life- 
Killing. 

im"-mo-la'-tion.  Killing;  sacrificing;  giving.  Devo- 
tion-Idolatry, Giving-Receiving,  Life-Killing. 

im-mor'-al.  Wrong;  licentious.  Right-Wrong,  Vir- 
tue-Vice. 

im"-mo-ral'-i-ty.     Vice.     Virtue-Vice. 

im-mor'-tal.  Deathless;  worthy  to  endure.  Eter- 
nity-Instantaneity,  Reputation-Discredit,  Sol- 

\     emnization. 

im"-mor-tal'-i-ty.  Fame;  eternal  life.  Eternity- 
Instantaneity,  Reputation-Discredit. 

im-mor'-tal-ize.  Confer  fame.  Reputation-Dis- 
crbdit. 

im-mov"-a-bil'-i-ty.     Stability.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

im-mov'-a-ble.  Firm;  quiescent;  obstinate.  Big- 
otry-Apostasy, Movement-Rest,  Mutability-Sta- 
bility. 

im"-mun-dic'-i-ty.  Uncleanness.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness. 

im-mun'-di-ty.     Uncleanness.  Cleanness-Filthiness. 


im-mu'-ni-ty.  Freedom;  exemption;  privilege.  Due- 
ness-Undueness,  Duty-Immunity,  Liberty-Sub- 
jection. 

im-mure'.  Shut  up  within  walls.  Release-Re- 
straint. 

im-mu"-ta-bil'-i-ty.  Unchangeableness.  Divinity, 
Mutability-Stability. 

im-mu'-ta-ble .  Unchangeable.  Mutability-Stabil- 
ity. 

imo  pectore,  ab  [L.]  (ai'-mo  pec'-to-ri,  ab) .  From  the 
bottom  of  the  heart.     Emotion. 

imp.     A  little  devil.     Jove-Fiend. 

im-pact.  Contact;  collision;  insertion.  Impetus- 
Reaction,  Injection-Ejection,  Union-Disunion. 

im-pair'.     Injure.     Betterment-Deterioration. 

im-pair'-ment.  Deterioration.  Betterment-De- 
terioration, p. 

im-pale'.  Execute;  fix  on  a  pale.  Aperture- 
Closure,  Recompense-Punition. 

im-pale'-ment.     Execution.     Recompense-Punition. 

im-pal'-pa-ble.  Intangible.  Friability,  Greatness- 
Littleness,. Tingling-Numbness. 

im"-pa-na'-tion.  Embodiment  in  bread.  Cere- 
monial. 

impar  sibi  [L.]  (im'-par  sib'-i).  Unequal  to  itself. 
Persistence-Whim. 

im-par'-i-ty.     Inequality.     Equality-Inequality. 

im-part'.  Give;  make  known.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Giving-Receiving. 

im-par'-tial .  Unbiased.  Right-Wrong,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity,  Uprightness-Dishonesty;  impartial 
opinion,  Faith-Misgiving. 

im-par"-ti-al'-i-ty.  Fairness.  Uprightness-Dis- 

honesty. 

im-pass'-a-ble.  Not  passable;  impossible.  Aper- 
ture-Closure, Possibility-Impossibility. 

im-pas"-si-bil'-i-ty.  Apathy.  Excitabilitv-Inex- 
citability,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

im-pas'-si-ble.         Apathetic.  Possibility-Impossi- 

bility, Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

im-pas'-si-ble-ness.    Apathy.    Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

im-pas'-sion.     Affect  with  passion.     Excitation. 

im-pas'-sion-a-ble.  Excitable.  Sensitiveness-Ap- 
athy. 

im-pas'-sioned.  Stirring;  excited.  Excitability- 
Inexcitability. 

im-pas'-sive.  Apathetic.  Inquisitiveness-Indif- 
ference,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

im-pa'-tience.         Intolerance.         Excitability-Inex- 

CITABILITY. 

im-pa'-tient.         Restless.  Excitability-Inexcita- 

bility;  impatient  of  control,  Desire-Distaste, 
Insubordination-Obedience. 

im-pawn'.     Pledge.     Security. 

im-peach'.  Accuse;  censure.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Justification-Charge,  Litigation. 

im-peach'-ment.  Accusation.  Justification- 

Charge;  soft  impeachment,  Blandishment. 

im-pec"-ca-bil'-i-ty.  Faultlessness;  innocence.  Fault- 
lessness-Faultiness,  Innocence-Guilt. 

im"-pe-cu"-ni-os'-i-ty.    Penury.    Affluence-Penury. 

im"-pe-cu'-ni-ous.     Poor.     Affluence-Penury. 

im-pede'.     Obstruct.     Obstruction-Help. 

im-ped'-i-ment.  Hindrance.  Obstruction -Help; 
impediment  in  speech,  Speech-Inarticulateness. 

impedimenta  [L.]  (im-ped-i-men'-ta) .  Obstructions; 
baggage.     Property. 

im'-pe-dite.     Hinder.     Obstruction-Help. 

im-pe-di'-tion.     Hindrance.     Obstruction-Help. 

im-pel'.  Drive;  urge.  Impetus-Reaction,  Motive- 
Caprice. 

im-pelled'.    Forced.    Impetus-Reaction. 

im-pel'-lent.     Moving.     Impetus-Reaction. 

im-pel'-ling.     Moving.     Impetus-Reaction. 


IMPEND. 


523 


IMPETUS— RE  ACTION . 


im-pend'.  Overhang;  threaten;  be  imminent.  Fu- 
ture-Past,   Height-Lowness,     Occurrence-Des- 

T I N  Y . 

im-pend'-ing.  Near;  threatening.  Approach-With- 
drawal, Expectation-Surprise,  Occurrence- 
Destiny. 

im-pen"-e-tra-bil'-i-ty.  -  Imperviousness.  Solidity- 
Rarity. 

im-pen'-e-tra-ble.  Impervious;  inaccessible.  Aper- 
ture-Closure, Clearness-Obscurity,  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency, Solidity-Rarity. 

im-pen'-i-tence.  Hardness  of  heart.  Repentance- 
Obduracy. 

im-pen'-i-tent.     Obdurate.       Repentance-Obduracy. 

im-per'-a-tive.  Required;  binding;  authoritative. 
Duty-Dereliction,  Harshness-Mildness,  Need, 
Rule-License;  imperative  mode,  Verb. 

imperator  [L.]  (im-per-e'-tor).  Commander.  Chief- 
Underling. 

im-per'-a-to"-ri-al.     Commanding.     Rule-License. 

im"-per-cep'-ti-ble .  Not  perceptible;  inappreciable; 
indiscernible.  Grbatness-Littleness,  Swiftness- 
Slowness,  Vl  SI  31 LITY- In  VISIBILITY. 

im-per-cep'-ti-bly.  Unnoticeably.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness,  Manifestation-Latency,  Visibility-Invisi- 
bility. 

im"-per-cip'-i-ent.  Not  perceiving.  Feeling-Insen- 
sibility. 

im-per'-di-ble.    Indestructible.    Security-Insecurity. 

im-per'-fect.  Incomplete;  defective.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Embellishment-Disfigurement, 
Entirety-Deficiency,  Excess-Lack,  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness,  Virtue-Vice;  imperfect  tense, 
Verb. 

im"-per-fec'-tion.  Lack  of  perfection;  faultiness.  En- 
tirety-Deficiency, Excess-Lack,  Faultlessness- 
Faultiness,  Transcursion-Shortcoming,  Virtue- 
Vice. 

im-per'-fect-ly.     Defectively.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

im-per'-fo-rate.  Without  perforations.  Aperture- 
Closure. 

im-per"-fo-ra'-tion.  Condition  of  being  without  aper- 
ture.    Aperture-Closure. 

im-pe'-ri-al.  Predominant;  a  beard;  a  luggage  case. 
Contents-Receiver,  Rule-License,  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

im-pe'-ri-al-ism.  A  kind  of  government.  Tyranny- 
Anarchy. 

im-per'-il.     Endanger.     Security-Insecurity. 

im-pe'-ri-ous.  Domineering;  imperative.  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness,  Rule  -  License,  Selfrespect - 
Humbleness,  Tyranny-Anarchy;  imperious  neces- 
sity, Volition-Obligation. 


im-per'-ish-a-ble.  Enduring;  eternal.  Eternity- 
Instantaneity,  Mutability-Stability,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit. 

imperium  in  imperio[h.]  (im-pi'-ri-um  in  im-pi'-ri-o). 
A  government  within  a  government.  Rule-Li- 
cense. 

im-per'-ma-nence.  Transientness.  Lastingness-Tran- 
sientness. 

im-per'-ma-nent.  Not  lasting.  Lastingness-Tran- 
sientness. 

im-per"-me-a-bil'-i-ty.  Imperviousness.  Aperture 
Closure,  Solidity-Rarity. 

im-per'-me-a-ble.  Impenetrable.  Aperture  -  Clo 
sure,  Solidity-Rarity. 

im-per'-son-al.  Not  personal;  general.  Materiality- 
Spirituality,  Universality-Particularity;  im- 
personal verb,  Verb. 

im-per'-son-ate.  Personify.  Delineation-Carica- 
ture. 

im-per"-soa-a'-tion.  Mocking.  Acting,  Delineation- 
Caricature. 

im-per"-spi-cu'-i-ty.  Vagueness.  Clearness-Obscu- 
rity. 

im"-per-sua'-si-ble.     Inflexible.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

im-per'-ti-nence.  Irrelevance;  impudence.  Connec 
tion-In  dependence,  Presumption-Obsequious 
ness. 

im-per'-ti-nent.  Irrelevant;  insolent.  Connection- 
Independence,  Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

im"-per-turb"-a-bil'-i-ty.  Calmness.  Excitability- 
Inexcitability. 

im"-per-turb'-a-ble.  Calm.  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility,  Pleasure-Pain,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

im-per"-tur-ba'-tion.  Calmness.  Excitability-Inex- 
citability,  Sensitiveness-Apathy-. 

im-per'-vi-ous.  Impenetrable;  pathless;  impassable. 
Aperture-Closure,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Possibili- 
ty-Impossibility, Sensitiveness-Apathy;  imper- 
vious to  light,  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness;  imper- 
vious to  reason,  Bigotry-Apostasy. 

im-per'-vi-ous-ness.     Density.     Aperture-Closure. 

im"-pe-tig'-i-nous.  Like  impetigo,  a  skin-disease. 
Cleanness-Filthiness. 

im'-pe-trate .  Gain  by  entreaty.  Petition-Expostu- 
lation. 

im"-pe-tra'-tion.  Entreaty.  Petition-Expostulation. 

im-pet"-u-os'-i-ty.  Rashness.  Desire-Distaste,  Ex- 
citability-Inexcitabii.ity,  Hurry-Leisure,  Reck- 
lessness-Caution, Turbulence-Calmness. 

im-pet'-u-ous.  Hasty;  precipitate;  passionate.  Emo- 
tion, Excitability-Inexcitability,  Hurry-Lei- 
sure, Turbulence-Calmness. 

im'-pe-tus.     Impulse.     Impetus-Reaction. 


IMPETUS— REACTION 


Appulse.  A  driving  toward?  impulse;  act  of  coming  into  con- 
junction. 

Arietation.     A  battering  with  a  battering-ram. 

Bang.     A  heavy  blow. 

Beating,  etc.     See  Recompense-Punition. 

Blow.     A  forcible  stroke  with  the  hand,  fist,  or  some  instrument. 

Booming.     Violent  rushing. 

Brunt.     Severest  shock  or  stress. 

Bump.     Violent  collision. 

Calcitration.     The  act  of  kicking. 

Cannon.  In  billiards,  the  impact  of  one  cue- ball  on  two  or  more 
balls  in  succession. 

Carambote  [F.J.  In  billiards,  the  impact  of  the  cue-ball  against  two 
balls  in  succession. 

Carom.     A  cannon  in  billiards. 

Charge,  etc.     See  Attack. 

Clash.     Noisy  collision. 

Collision.     Act  of  striking  together  with  violence. 

Concussion.     Act  of  agitating  violently;  shock. 


Contrccoup  [F.]     A  rebound  or  recoil. 

Elasticity,  etc.     See  Elasticity. 

Kick.     Recoil  of  a  gun  or  other  firearm. 

Reaction.     Act  of  recoiling;  reverse  action. 

Rebound.     Recoil  from  something  that  has  been  struck. 

Rebuff.     Unexpected  and  sudden  repulse. 

Recalcitration.     A  kicking  back,  recoil;  repugnance. 

Recoil.     A  moving  back;  rebound. 

Reflection.     Reflex;  the  recoil  of  the  mind  upon  itself . 

Reflex.     Reflection;  an  image  made  by  reflection. 

Reflux.     Recoil  of  a  fluid;  flowing  back. 

Repercussion.  The  act  of  driving  back,  or  the  state  of  being  driven 
back;  rebound. 

Repulse.    The  act  of  beating  back,  or  tve  state  of  being  driven  back. 

Retroaction.  Backward  action;  recoil  on  something  past  or  preced- 
ing. 

Return .     The  act,  process,  or  result  of  coming  back  or  sending  back. 

Reverberation,  etc.     See  Resonance. 

Revulsion.     A  sudden  change  or  strong  reaction. 


IMPETUS— REACTION. 


524 


IMPETUS. 


IM  PETUS—  RE  ACTION—  Continued. 


Crash.     A  loud  noise  resulting  from  the  breakage  of  things  suddenly 

and  violently. 
Cuff.     A  blow  with  the  open  hand.     See  Recompense-Punition. 
Cut.     A  stroke  or  blow  with  an  edged  instrument  or  whip. 
Dab.     A  gentle  blow  with  the  hand. 
Bint.    A  blow. 

Dowse.     A  sudden  fall  into  the  water. 
Elan  [F.|.     A  jerk  or  start. 

Encounter.     A  running  against  or  coming  together. 
Explosion,  etc.     See  Turbulence. 
Fillip.     A  smart  blow. 
Hit.     A  striking  against. 
Impact.     Forcible  collision  or  contact. 

Impetus.     The  force  with  which  a  body  is  impelled;  momentum. 
Impulse.     Effect  of  an  impelling  force;    motion  resulting  from  a 

sudden  force  acting  for  a  short  time. 
Impulsion.     The   act  of   driving  onward  or  the  state  of  being  so 

driven. 
Jog.     A  slight  shake  or  impulse. 
Jolt.     A  sudden  shock. 
Kick.     A  blow  with  the  foot. 
Knock.     A  blow  with  something  hard  or  heavy. 
Lunge.     A  sudden  thrust,  as  with  a  sword. 
Momentum.     The  quantity  of  motion  in  a  body,  as  determined  by 

multiplying  the  mass  by  the  velocity. 
Occursion.     Collision;  clash. 
Pat.     A  light,  quick  blow  with  the  fingers. 
Pelt.     A  blow  or  stroke  from  something  thrown. 
Percussion.     Forcible  striking  of  one  body  against  another. 
Propulsion,  etc.     Act  of  driving  forward  or  baekward.     See  Push. 
Pulsion.     Propulsion. 

Punch   \  A  bloW  with  the  fist* 

Push.     A  propelling  pressure. 

Rap.     A  quick,  smart  blow. 

Ruade  fF.J.     A  kick. 

Shock.     Violent  collision. 

Shove.     A  strong  push. 

Slam.     A  blow  with  some  implement  with  force. 

Slap.     A  blow  with  the  open  hand. 

Smack.     A  quick,  smart  blow;  a  kiss. 

Squash.     A  sudden  fall  of  a  heavy,  soft  body. 

Stroke.     A  blow. 

Swap.     A  stroke. 

Tap.     A  light  blow  with  the  fingers. 

Throw.     A  driving  from  the  hand  or  machine. 

Thrust.     A  sudden  and  violent  push. 

Thump.     A  blow  with  something  blunt  or  heavy. 

Thwack.     A  heavy  blow  with  something  flat. 

Whack.     A  smart,  resounding  blow. 

Whap.     A  blow,  or  quick,  smart  stroke. 

Yerk.     A  sudden  thrust  or  motion. 

Impetus — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Ax,  etc.     See  Sharpness. 

Bat.     A  stick  used  to  strike  a  bail. 

Battering-ram.     An  engine  used  by  the  ancients  to  batter  down 

walls;  a  hammer  used  by  a  blacksmith. 
Cudgel,  etc.     See  Weapon. 

Flail.     An  implement  used  for  separating  grain  by  beating. 
Hammer.     An  implement  used  for  driving  nails,  pounding,  etc. 
Mall.     An  implement  consisting  of  a  hammer  and  pick  used  by  the 

horse-soldiers  of  the  middle  ages  to  break  armor. 
Mallet.     A  wooden  hammer. 
Maul.     A  heavy  mallet. 
Monkey.       A  heavy  metal  hammer  worked   by  pulleys  used    for 

driving  piles. 
Pile-driving  engine.     An  apparatus  used  for  driving  piles. 
Punch.     A  tool  for  driving  in  or  out  an  object,  as  a  nail,  inserted  in  a 

hole. 
Ram.     A  steel  or  iron  projection  from  the  bow  of  a  war-vessel,  used 

to  cut  into  or  crush  the  vessel  of  an  enemy. 
Rammer.     One  who  or  that  which  rams  or  batters. 
Sledge-hammer.     A  heavy  hammer  used  by  blacksmiths,  by  road 

builders,  etc 

Impetus — Scientific  Terms. 

Dynamics.      The   science   that  treats   of   the   laws   of  mechanical 

forces 
Seismometer.     An  instrument  for  measuring  the  intensity,  duration, 

etc..  of  earthquakes  and  like  shenomena. 


Ricochet  [F.|.     A  rebound. 

Springing  back,  etc.     Recoil;  rebound,  etc.     See  Verbs, 

Reaction — Denotations. 

Boomerang.     A  weapon  used  by  the  natives  of  Australia,  which  haa 

the  peculiar  property  of  returning  to  the  thrower. 
Ducks  and  drakes.     Rebounding  of  flat  stones  thrown  on  the  surface 

of  water. 
Reactionist.     One  who  favors  reaction. 
Spring.     An  elastic  body  used  in  mechanics  to  cause  a  recoiling  of 

doors,  etc.,  to  their  proper  position. 

Reaction — Verbs. 

Bound  back.     Move  back  with  a  sudden  spring. 

Fly  back.     Move  back  violently  or  suddenly. 

React.     Act  in  an  opposite  way;  tend  toward  a  former  condition. 

Rebound.     Recoil  from  something  struck. 

Recalcitrate.     Kick  against. 

Recoil.     Move  back;  rebound;  spring  back. 

Repercuss.     Drive  back;  reverberate;  reflect. 

Reverberate.     Echo;  reflect;  repel. 

Spring  back.     Recoil;  rebound. 

Reaction — Adjectives. 

Reactionary.     Relating  to  or  having  the  nature  of  reaction  or  reverse 

action. 
Recalcitrant.     Kicking  back  or  against ;  repugnant. 
Recoiling,  etc.     Moving  back,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Refluent.     Flowing  back;  ebbing. 
Repercussive.     Reverberated;  repellent. 
Retroactive.     Having  reverse  action;  retrospective. 

Reaction — Adverbs. 
On  the  recoil,  etc.     While  recoiling  or  rebounding.     See  Nouns. 


IM  PETUS—  Contin  ued. 

I  m  petus —  Verbs . 

Bang.     Knock;  beat  with  a  noise. 

Baste.     Thrash;  cudgel. 

Batter.     Beat  with  successive  blows. 

Beat.     Strike  repeatedly. 

Belabor.     Beat  soundly;  thrash. 

Boom.     Push  with  a  boom  or  pole,  as  to  boom  out  a  sail;  to  impel 

with  a  rush. 
Buffet.     Strike  with  the  hand  or  fist;  thump. 
Bump  against.     Collide. 
Butt.     Strike  with  the  head  or  horns. 
Butt  against.     Impel  the  head  against 
Calcitrate.     To  kick. 
Cant.     Throw  suddenly;  jerk;  tilt  up. 
Collide.     Meet  and  strike  with  violence. 
Come  into  collision.     Collide. 
Dab.     Strike  quickly;  thrust;  pat. 
Dash.     Throw  suddenly  and  forcibly. 
Dowse.     Strike. 
Drive.     Push  forward;  impel. 
Elbow.     Push  with  the  elbows. 

Encounter.     Come  against  suddenly  or  deliVx  rtely. 
Enter  into  collision.     Collide. 
Fall  foul  of.     Collide  with;  attack. 
Fetch  one  a  blow.     Strike  one. 
Flap.     Strike  with  a  flap. 
Foin.     Thrust  with,  as  with  a  sword-stab 
Foul.     Collide  so  as  to  impede  or  entangle. 
Give  an  impetus  to,  etc.     Impel,  etc.     See  Nouns. 
Give  a  start  to.     Originate    motion    in.    especially    with    a  su« 

impulse. 
Hit.     Strike;  administer  a  blow  to. 
Hit  hard.     Strike  with  a  heavy  blow 
Hurtle.     Move  violently;  hurl. 
Hustle.     Push  roughly. 
Impel.     Drive  forward. 
Impinge.     Dash  against;  clash  with. 
Jog.     Push  with  a  jog;  nudge. 
Jolt.     Shake  or  cause  to  shake  with  a  sudden  up-and-down  motior? 


IMPETUS. 


525 


IMPOVERISH. 


IMPETUS— Verbs— Continued. 


Jostle.     Crowd  against;  elbow. 

Justle.     See  Jostlb. 

Kick.     Give  a  blow  to  with  the  foot. 

Knock.     Give  a  blow  to  or  with. 

Knock  one's  head  against.     Bump  with  the  head. 

Lunge.     Make  a  long,  sudden  thrust. 

Pat.     Strike  lightly  or  gently,  as  with  the  hand. 

Patter.     Strike  with  a  quick  succession  of  pats. 

Pelt.     Throw  something  at;  come  down  violently. 

Pink.     Stab  with  a  pointed  weapon. 

Poke  at.     Vhrust  against. 

Prod.     I  eke  some  pointed  instrument  into. 

Punch.     Make  a  hole  in;  beat  with  the  fists. 

Push.     Impel  by  pressure. 

Rap.     Hit  sharply  and  quickly. 

Run  against.     Collide  with. 

Run  foul  of.     Come  into  collision. 

Run  one's  head  against.     To  strike  with  the  head. 

Set  going.     Cause  to  go;  give  an  impulse  to. 


Booming.     Rushing  violently. 


Shoulder.     Push  with  the  shoulders. 

Shove.     Impel  along,  as  on  a  surface. 

Slam.     Impel  with  violence;  close  violently. 

Slap.     Strike  with  something  flat,  as  the  palm  of  the  hand. 

Start.     Begin  motion  by  a  sudden  impulse. 

Strike.     Touch  or  hit  forcibly;  come  into  collision  with. 

Strike  at.     Sec  Attack. 

Strike  hard .     Hit  hard  or  violently. 

Swap.     Fall  with  violence ;  beat  the  air;  flap. 

Tap.     Strike  gently  or  lightly. 

Throw,  etc.     See  Push. 

Thump.     Strike  with  a  heavy,  dull  sound. 

Thrust.     Push  or  shove  forcibly ;  pierce. 

Thwack.     Strike  with  something  flat  or  weighty. 

Urge.     Drive;  impel. 

Whack.     Strike  with  heavy,  resounding  blows. 

Whip,  etc.     See  Recompense-Punition. 

Yerk.     Jerk:  throw  with  a  sudden  movement. 


Impetus — Adjectives. 


Dynamic.    \  Pertaining  to  dynamics;   characterized  by  mechanical 
Dynamical.  / 


Impelled,  etc. 


force 

Driven;  urged,  etc. 


See  Verbs. 


Impellent.     Having  the  power  to  impel. 
Impelling,  etc.     Driving;  urging,  etc.     Sec  Verbs. 
Impulsive.     Having  the  power  of  driving  or  impelling. 


im-pi'-e-ty.     Ungodliness.     Godliness-Ungodliness. 

im-pig'-no-rate.     Pledge.     Security. 

im-pinge'.     Strike.     Impetus-Reaction. 

im'-pi-ous.     Ungodly.     Godliness-Ungodliness. 

imp'-ish.     Like  an  imp.   Jove-Fiend. 

im-pla"-ca-bil'-i-ty.  Relentlessness.  Love-Hate,  Par- 
don-Vindictiveness. 

im-pla'-ca-ble.  Cruel;  unforgiving.  Love-Hate,  Par- 
don-Vindictiveness. 

im-plant'.  Insert;  inculcate.  Education-Misteach- 
ing,  Injection-Ejection. 

im"-plan-ta'-tion.     Insertion.     Injection-Ejection. 

im-plant'-ed.  Ingrained.  Subjectiveness-Objec- 
tiveness. 

im-plead'.     Sue  at  law.     Litigation. 

im'-ple-ment.     Tool.     Instrument. 

im-ple'-tion.     Filling.     Entirety-Deficiency. 

im'-plex.     Intricate.     Mixture-Homogeneity. 

im'-pli-cate.  Involve;  accuse.  Inclusion-Omission, 
Justification-Charge. 

im'-pli-ca"-ted.  Involved;  constituent.  Connection- 
Independence,  Constituent-Alien. 

im"-pli-ca'-tion.  Entanglement;  deduction.  Mani- 
festation-Latency, Regularity-Irregularity. 

im-plic'-it.  Implied.  Manifestation-Latency;  im- 
plicit belief,  Faith-Misgiving. 

im-plied'.  Understood.  Manifestation- Latency, 
Meaning-Jargon. 

im"-plo-ra'-tion.  Entreaty.  Petition  -  Expostula- 
tion. 

im-plore'.     Entreat.     Petition-Expostulation. 

im-ply'.  Involve;  signify.  Evidence  -Counterevi- 
dence,  Likelihood -Unlikelihood,  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency, Meaning-Jargon. 

im-pol'-i-cy.   Unsuitableness.   Skill-Unskilfulness. 

im"-po-lite'.  Discourteous.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness. 

im-pon"-der-a-bil'-i-ty.  Lightness.  Heaviness-Light- 
ness. 

im-pon'-der-a-ble.  Without  weight.  Heaviness-Light- 
ness. 

im-po-ros'-i-ty.     Imperviousness.     Solidity-Rarity. 

im-po'-rous.  Dense;  very  close.  Aperture  -  Clo- 
sure, Solidity-Rarity. 

im-port'.  Take  in;  mean;  concern.  Admission-Ex- 
pulsion, Consequence-Insignificance,  Entrance- 
Exit,  Environment- Interposition,  Injection- 
Ejection,  Meaning-Jargon. 


im-por'-tance.  Consequence.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Dominance-Impotence,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Precedence-Succession,  Reputation- 
Discredit;  attach  importance  to,  Consequence-In- 
significance ;  attach  too  much  importance  to,  Over- 
valuation-Undervaluation; of  no  importance, 
Consequence-Insignificance. 

im-por'-tant.  Consequential.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Dominance-Impotence,  Magnitude- 
Smallness. 

im"-por-ta'-tion.     Introduction.     Entrance-Exit. 

im-por'-tu-nate.  Urgent.  Petition-Expostulation, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

im"-por-tune'.  Beg;  pester.  Petition-Exposti  i.a- 
tion,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

im"-por-tun'-i-ty.  Urgency.  Petition-Expostula- 
tion. 

im-pose'.  Lay  on;  awe.  Order,  Regard-Disre- 
spect; impose  upon,  Credulousness-Skepticism, 
Right-Wrong,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

im-pos'-ing.  Impressive.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Excitation,  Reputation-Discredit. 

im-po-si'-tion.  A  laying  on;  command;  injustice; 
fraud.  Dueness-Undueness,  Order,  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud; imposition  of  hands,  Ceremonial. 

impossibile,  credo  quia  [L.]  (im-pos-sib'-i-lt,  cri'-do 
quoi'-a).  I  believe  because  it  is  impossible.  Credu- 
lousness-Skepticism. 

im-pos"-si-bil'-i-ties.  Things  that  cannot  be  done. 
Seek  after  impossibilities,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

im-pos"-si-bil'-i-ty.  Impracticability.  Possibility- 
Impossibility. 

im-pos'-si-ble.  Impracticable.  Number,  Possibility- 
Impossibility,  Proffer-Refusal. 

im'-post.  Plane  of  base  of  an  arch;  a  *->:.  Architec- 
ture, Price-Discount. 

im-pos'-thume.     An  abscess.     Health-Sickness. 

im-pos'-tor.     A  deceiver.     Gull-Deceiver. 

im-pos'-ture.     Cheat.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

im'-po-tence.         Feebleness.  Might  -  Impotence, 

Strength-Weakness. 

im'-po-tent.  Without  strength.  Might-Impotence, 
Strength-Weakness;  impotent  conclusion,  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 

im-pound'.     Shut  up.     Release-Restraint. 

im-pov'-er-ish.  Make  poor;  exhaust;  weaken.  Afflu- 
ence-Penury, Excess -Lack,  Property,  Pro- 
vision-Waste, Strength-Weakness. 


IMPRACTICABILITY. 


526 


IMPULSIVE. 


im-prac'-ti-ca-bil"-i-ty.  Uselessness.  Difficulty -Fa- 
cility. 

im-prac'-ti-ca-ble.  Impossible;  not  easily  managed; 
misjudging.  Bigotry -Apostasy,  Difficulty-Fa- 
cility,    JUDGMENT-MlSJUDGMENT,      P0SSIB1LITY-Im- 

possibility,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

im'-pre-cate.  Curse.  Charitableness-Curse,  Peti- 
tion-Expostulation. 

im"-pre-ca'-tion.  Curse.  Charitableness -Curse, 
Petition-Expostulation. 

im-preg'-na-ble.  Safe  from  attack.  Security-Inse- 
curity, Strength-Weakness. 

im-preg'-nate .  Make  pregnant;  fertilize;  insert;  im- 
bue. Composition  -  Resolution,  Creation -De- 
struction, Education-Misteaching,  Fertility- 
Sterility,  Injection-Ejection,  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity. 

im"-preg-na'-tion.  Mixture;  fecundation.  Composi- 
tion-Resolution, Creation-Destruction,  Mix- 
ture-Homogeneity. 

impresario  [It.]  (im"-pre-sa'-ri-o) .  Opera  manager. 
Acting. 

im"-pre-scrip'-ti-ble.  Incapable  of  being  either  lost  or 
acquired  by  usage  or  prescription.  Dueness-Un- 
dueness. 

im-press'.  Influence;  fix;  indent.  Emotion,  Exci- 
tation, Feeling-Insensibility,  Sign  ;  impress  upon 
the  mind,  Education-Misteaching,  Remembrance- 
Forgetfulness. 

im-pressed'.  Influenced.  Impressed  with,  Emotion, 
Faith-Misgiving. 

im-press"-i-bil'-i-ty.  Susceptibility.  Motive-Caprice, 
Security- Insecurity,   Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

im-press'-i-ble.     Susceptible.    Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

im-pres'-sion.  Stamp;  mark;  print;  effect.  Concep- 
tion-Theme, Emotion,  Engraving,  Faith-Misgiv- 
ing, Feeling-Insensibility,  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance, Sign,  Writing-Printing;  make  an  impres- 
sion, Reflection-Vacancy,  Vigor-Inertia. 

im-pres'-sion-a-ble.  Susceptible  of  impression.  Sen- 
sitiveness-Apathy. 

im-press'-ive.  Making  an  impression ;  effective.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Emotion,  Excitation, 
Faith-Misgiving,  Feeling-Insensibility,  Force- 
Weakness. 

im-press'-ive-ness .  The  quality  of  being  impressive. 
Excitation. 

imprimis  [L.]  (im-prai'-mis).  Chiefly.  Beginning- 
End. 

imprimit  [L.]  (im'-prim-it) .  It  imprints.  Engrav- 
ing. 

im-print'.  Print;  make  an  impression.  Publicity, 
Sign;  imprint  in  the  memory,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness.  ' 

im-pris'-on.  Put  into  prison.  Confinement,  Release- 
Restraint. 

im-pris'-oned.  Put  in  prison.  Confinement,  Guard- 
Prisoner,  Release-Restraint. 

im-pris'-on-ment .  Restraint  of  liberty.  Atonement, 
Law-Lawlessness,  Release-Restraint. 

im-prob"-a-bil'-i-ty.  Unlikelihood.  Likelihood-Un- 
likelihood. 

im-prob'-a-ble.    Unlikely.  Likelihood-Unlikelihood. 

im'-pro-bate.  Disapprove  of.  Approval  -  Disap- 
proval. 

im"-prc-ba'-tion.  The  act  of  disapproving.  Approval- 
Disapproval. 

im-prob'-i-ty.  Dishonesty.  Uprightness  -  Dishon- 
esty. 

im-promp'-tu.  Anything  done  on  the  impulse  of  the 
moment.     Predetermination-Impulse. 

impromptu  fait  a  loisir  [F.]  (an -pron  "p-tu'  fet  a  lwa- 
zirO.  Anything  done  at  leisure.  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation. 


im-prop'-er.  Not  proper;  unfit;  indecent.  Dueness- 
Undueness,  Harmony-Discord,  Propriety-Impro- 
priety, Right-Wrong,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Vir- 
tue-Vice, Welfare-Misfortune;  improper  time, 
Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

im-pro'-pri-ate.  Appropriate.  Holding-Exemption, 
Taking-Restitution. 

im-pro"-pri-a'-tion.  The  act  of  impropriating.  Hold- 
ing-Exemption. 

im-pro'-pri-a"-tor.     One  who  impropriates.     Holder. 

im-pro-pri'-e-ty.  Unsuitableness.  Harmony -Dis- 
cord, Propriety-Impropriety,  Virtue-Vice. 

im-prov'-a-ble.  Capable  of  being  improved.  Better- 
ment-Deterioration. 

im-prove'.  Make  better.  Betterment  -  Deteriora- 
tion, Education-Misteaching,  Goodness-Badness; 
improve  the  occasion,  Opportuneness-Unsuitable- 
ness; improve  the  shining  hour,  Activity-Indo- 
lence; improve  upon,  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion. 

im-prove'-ment.  Betterment.  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Betterment-Deterioration,  Good-Evil. 

im-prov'-i-dence.  Want  of  providence.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

im-prov'-i-dent.  Lacking  foresight.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Extravagance-Avarice,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation, Recklessness-Cautiox. 

im-prov'-i-sate.  To  improvise.  Predetermination- 
Impulse. 

im-prov"-i-sa'-tion.  An  impromptu.  Predetermina- 
tion-Impulse, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

improvisatore  [It.]  (im-pro-vi-za-to'-re) .  One  who 
composes  and  sings  extemporaneously.  Poetry- 
Prose,  Predetermination-Impulse,  Speecii-Inar- 
ticulateness. 

im-prov'-i-sa-tc-ry.  Relating  to  extemporary  comj  o- 
sition  of  rhymes.     Predetermination-Impulse. 

im-pro-vise'.  Compose,  sing,  etc.,  without  previous 
study  or  preparation.  Fancy,  Predetermination- 
Impulse,  Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

improvise  [F.]  (an'-pro-vi-ze').  Done  extempore. 
Predetermination-Impulse. 

im-pro- vised'.  Done  off-hand.  Predetermination- 
Impulse. 

im-pro-vi'-so.  Impromptu.  Predetermination-Im- 
pulse. 

improviste,  a  I'  [F.]  (an'-pro-visf,  al).  Unexpectedly. 
Expectation  -  Surprise,  Predetermination  -  Im- 
pulse. 

im-pru'-dence.  Want  of  prudence.  Recklessness- 
Caution. 

im-pru'-dent.  Lacking  discretion.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,    Recklessness-Caution. 

im'-pu-dence.  Rudeness.  Politeness -Impolite- 
ness, Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

im'-pu-dent.  Insolent;  rude.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness, Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

im"-pu-dic'-i-ty.    Immodesty.    Purity-Impurity. 

im-pugn'.  Assail;  oppose;  blame.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Assertion-Denial,  Attack-Defense. 

im"-pug-na'-tion.  Act  of  impugning.  Antagonism- 
Concurrence. 

im-pu'-is-sance.    Inability.    Might-Impotence. 

im'-pulse.  Impetus;  push;  sudden  feeling.  Impetus- 
Reaction,  Motive-Caprice,  Predetermination- 
Impulse;  blind  impulse,  Volition-Obligation; 
creature  of  impulse,  Predetermination-Impulse; 
give  an  impulse  to,  Motive-Caprice,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Push-Pui.l. 

im-pul'-sion.  The  act  of  impelling  or  driving  onward. 
Impetus-Reaction,  Motive-Caprice. 

im-pul'-sive.  Actuated  by  impulse;  having  power  of 
impelling.  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Impetus- 
Reaction,    Motive -Caprice,    Predetermination- 


IMPULSIVE. 


527 


INCAGE. 


Impulse,  Ratiocination-Instinct,  Recklessness- 
Caution,  Volition-Obligation. 

im-pu'-ni-ty.  Freedom  from  punishment.  Escape, 
Exculpation-Conviction;  with  impunity,  Security- 
Insecurity. 

im-pure'.  Defiled.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Purity- 
Impurity. 

im-pu'-ri-ty.  Foulness;  licentiousness.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Purity-Impurity. 

im-pu'-ta-ble.     Chargeable.     Justification-Charge. 

im"-pu-ta'-tion.  Ascription;  censure.  Justification- 
Charge,  Rationale-Luck,  Reputation-Discredit. 

im-pu'-ta-tive.    Insinuating.   Justification-Charge. 

im-pute'.   Charge.    Justification-Charge. 

in.  Within.  Outside-Inside;  go  in,  Entrance-Exit; 
in  and  out,  Circle-Winding,. Vibration  ;  in  as  much 
as,  Connection-Independence,  Quantity-Meas- 
ure; indoors,  Outside-Inside;  in  for,  Engagement- 
Release,  Enterprise;  ins  and  outs,  Extension- 
Place. 

in  articulo[h.]  (in  ar-tic'-yu-lo) .  At  the  moment.  Last- 
ingness-Transientness. 

in  extenso  [L.]  (in  ex-ten'-so) .  At  full  length.  Terse- 
ness-Prolixity, Whole-Part. 

in  forma  pauperis  [L.]  (in  for'-ma  pau'-per-is).  As  a 
poorman.    Affluence-Penury. 

in  limine  [L.]  (in  Hm'-i-ni).  At  the  threshold.  Be- 
ginning-End. • 

in  loco  [L.]  (in  lo'-co).  Intheplace.  Harmony-Dis- 
cord, Usefulness-Uselessness. 

in  medias  res  [L.]  (in  mi'-di-as  riz).  In  the  midst  of 
affairs.     Middle. 

in  propria  persona  [L.]  (in  pro'-pri-a  per-so'-na).  In 
_  person.     Universality-Particularity. 

in  statu  pu pillari  [L.]  (in  ste'-tiu  piu-pil-16'-rai) .  In  an 
orphan  condition.     Infancy-Age. 

in  statu  quo  [L.]  (in  ste'-tiu  quo).  In  the  former  state. 
Mutation-Permanence. 

in  toto  [L.]  (in  to'-to).  Entirely.  Entirety-Defi- 
ciency. 

in  transitu  [L.]  (in  tran'-si-tiu).  In  passing.  Conver- 
sion -  Reversion,  Lastingness  -Transientness, 
Transfer. 

in"-a-bil'-i-ty.  Want  of  power  or  skill.  Might-Im- 
potence, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

in-ab'-sti-nence.  Indulgence.  Moderation-Selfin- 
dulgence. 

in-ab'-sti-nent.  Not  refraining  from  indulgence. 
Moderation-Selfindulgence. 

in"-ac-ces'-si-ble.  Not  to  be  reached.  Possibility'- 
Impossibility,  Remoteness-Nearness. 

in-ac'-cu-rate.  Incorrect.         Grammar -Solecism, 

Truth-Error. 

in-ac'-tion.  Idleness.  Action-Passiveness,  Activ- 
ity-Indolence, Vigor-Inertia. 

in-act'-ive.  Idle.  Activity-Indolence,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness, Vigor-Inertia. 

in-act'-ive-ly.  Idly.  Activity-Indolence,  Vigor- 
Inertia. 

in"-ac-tiv'-i-ty.  Idleness.  Action-Passiveness.  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Strength -Weakness,  Vigor- 
Inertia. 

in-ad'-e-qua-cy.  Insufficiency.  Excess-Lack,  Pro- 
vision-Waste, Usefulness-Uselessness. 

in-ad'-e-quate.  Insufficient;  imperfect.  Excess- 
Lack,  Might-Impotence,  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  inadequate  ad- 
versative, Particle. 

in"-ad-mis'-si-ble.  Requiring  rejection.  Constit- 
uent-Alien, Harmony-Discord,  Inclusion-Omis- 
sion, Propriety-Impropriety. 

in"-ad-vert'-ence.     Heedlessness.     Heed-Disregard. 

in"-ad-vert'-en-cy.     Heedlessness.     Heed-Disregard. 

in"-ad-vert'-ent.     Heedless.     Heed-Disregard. 


in"-ad-vert'-ent-ly.     Heedlessly.     Heed-Disregard. 

in"-ad-vi'-sa-ble.  Not  advisable.  Propriety-Impro- 
priety. 

in-af'-fa-ble.     Reserved.     Politeness-Impoliteness. 

in-a'-lien-a-ble.  Not  transferable.  Harmo.yy-Dis- 
cord,  Keeping-Relinquishment. 

in-a"-mc-ra'-ta.     A  sweetheart.    Love-Hate. 

in-ane'.  Senseless;  void;  vacant.  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Meaning-Jargon,  Substance- 
-  Nullity,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

in-an'-i-mate.  Lifeless.  Life-Death,  Organization- 
Inorganization;  inanimate  matter,  Organization- 
Inorganization. 

in"-a-ni'-tion.     Exhaustion.     Excess-Lack. 

in-an'-i-ty.  Senselessness;  vacancy.  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Meaning-Jargon,  Substance- 
Nullity,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

in-ap'-pe-ten-cy.  Want  of  desire.  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy,  Unconcern. 

in-ap"-pli-ca-bil'-i-ty.     Unfitness.    Harmony--Discord. 

in-ap'-pli-ca-ble.  Unsuitable.  Connection-Inde- 
pendence, Harmony-Discord. 

in-ap'-pc-site.  Not  pertinent;  unfit.  Connection  - 
Independence,  Harmony-Discord. 

in"-ap-pre'-ci-a-ble.  Too    small    to    be    perceived. 

Greatness-Littleness,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

in-ap"-pre-hen'-si-ble.  Unintelligible.  Clearness- 
Obscurity,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

in"-ap-pro'-pri-ate.  Unbecoming.  Harmony-Discord, 
Propriety-Impropriety. 

in-apt'.  Unsuitable;  unskilful.  Harmony-Discord, 
Might-Impotence,  Propriety  -  Impropriety,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity, Skill-Unskilfulness,  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness. 

in-apt'-i-tude.  Unreadiness.  Harmony-Discord, 
Might-Impotence,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

in"-ar-tic'-u-late.  Not    uttered    with    distinctness. 

Speech  -  Inarticulateness,  Vocalization  -  Mute- 
ness. 

in"-ar-tic'-u-late-ness.  Indistinctness.  Speech-Inar- 
ticulateness. 

in-ar"-ti-fi'-cial.     Natural.     Craft-Artlessness. 

in"-ar-tis'-tic  Not  tastefully  executed.  Beauty- 
Ugliness. 

in"-as-much'.  Since.  Connection-Independence, 
Quantity-Measure,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

in"-at-ten'-tion.  Disregard.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Heed-Disregard,  Unconcern. 

in"-at-ten'-tive.  Listless.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness, Expectation-Surprise,  Heed-Disregard, 
Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

in"-at-ten'-tive-ly.     Listlessly.     Heed-Disregard. 

in-au"-di-bil'-i-ty.     Incapability  to  be  heard. 

in-au'-di-ble.  Silent;  incapable  of  being  heard.  Hear- 
ing-Deafness, Loudness  -  Faintness,  Sound- 
Silence,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

in-au'-gu-ral.  Pertaining  to  an  inauguration.  Be- 
ginning-End, Predecessor-Continuation. 

in-au'-gu-rate.  Begin;  install.  Beginning-End, 
Commission-Abrogation,  Solemnization. 

in-au"-gu-ra'-tion.  Beginning;  installation.  Be- 
ginning-End, Commission-Abrogation,  Solemni- 
zation. 

in"-aus-pi'-cious.  Ill-omened;  unlucky.  Goodness- 
Badness,  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness. 

in'-be"-ing.  Inherent  existence.  Subjectiveness- 
Objectiveness. 

in'-born".  Innate.  Affections,  Subjectiveness- 
Objectiveness. 

in'-bred".  Bred  within;  innate.  Affections,  Sub- 
jectiveness-Objectiveness. 

in'-ca.     Peruvian  chief.     Chief-Underling. 

in-cage'.     Confine  in  a  cage.     Release-Restraint. 


INCALCULABLE. 


528 


INCLINATION. 


in-cal'-cu-la-ble.     Beyond  calculation.     Infinity. 

in"-ca-les'-cence.     Increase  in  heat.     Heat-Cold. 

in"-can-des'-cence.     A  white  heat.     Heat-Cold. 

in"-can-des'-cent.  White.  Incandescent  light,  Elec- 
tricity. 

in"-can-ta'-tion.  Singing  or  reciting  of  formulas;  en- 
chantment. Devotion-Charm,  Petition-Expostu- 
lation. 

in-can'-ta-to-ry.     Magical.     Devotion-Magic. 

in-ca"-pa-bil'-i-ty.     Incapacity.     Might-Impotence. 

in-ca'-pa-ble.     Impotent.     Might-Impotence. 

in"-ca-pa'-cious.  Narrow;  small.  Breadth-Nar- 
rowness. 

in"-ca-pac'-i-tate.  Render  incapable.  Might-Impo- 
tence. 

in"-ca-pac'-i-ty.  Incapability.  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance, Might-Impotence,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

in-car'-cer-ate.     Imprison.     Release-Restraint. 

in-car"-cer-a'-tion.  Imprisonment.  Release-Re- 
straint. 

in-car'-na-dine.  Dye  red  or  flesh-color.  Redness- 
Greenness. 

in-car'-nate.  Embodied  in  flesh.  Subjectiveness- 
Objectiveness,  Virtue- Vice;  devil  incarnate, 
Angel-Fiend,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness. 

In"-car-na'-tion.  Assumption  of  the  human  nature  by 
Jesus  Christ.     Divinity. 

in-case'.  Enclose  in  a  case.  Confinement,  Cover- 
Lining. 

in-case'-ment.     To  enclose  in  a  case.     Enclosure. 

in-cau'-tious.    Rash.    Recklessness-Caution. 

in-cen'-di-a-rism.  An  incendiary  act.  Creation- 
Destruction,  Heating-Cooling. 

in-cen'-di-a-ry .  Pertaining  to  malicious  setting  on  fire ; 
tending  to  inflame  passion ;  one  who  commits  arson. 
Benefactor-Evildoer,  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Creation-Destruction,  Good  Man-Bad 
Man,  Heating-Cooling,  Motive-Caprice. 

in-cense'.     Enrage.     Favorite-Anger,  Love-Hate. 

in'-cense.  Perfume  exhaled  by  burning  spices.  Adu- 
lation-Disparagement, Ceremonial,  Combusti- 
ble, Devotion-Idolatry,  Perfume-Stench. 

in-cen'-sion.     Kindling.     Heating-Cooling. 

in-cen'-tive.  Motive.  Beginning-End,  Motive- 
Caprice. 

in-cep'-tion.     Beginning.     Beginning-End. 

in-cep'-tor.     A  beginner.     Instructor-Pupil. 

in-cer'-ti-tude.     Doubt.     Certainty-Doubt. 

in-ces'-sant.  Unceasing;  repeated.  Eternity-In- 
stantaneity,  Frequency-Rarity,  Recurrence. 

in-ces'-sant-ly.  In  an  unceasing  manner.  Frequency- 
Rarity. 

in'-cest.  Coition  between  persons  too  nearly  related 
to  marry.     Purity-Impurity. 

iii-ces'-tu-ous.  Guilty  of  incest.  Purity  -  Impu- 
rity. 

inch.  One-twelfth  of  a  foot.  Length-Shortness, 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Measure  ;  by  inches,  Quan- 
tity-Measure, Swiftness-Slowness,  Whole-Part; 
give  an  inch  and  take  an  ell,  Dueness-Undueness, 
Presumption  -  Obsequiousness,  Right  -  Wrong, 
Taking-Restitution;  inch  by  inch,  Quantity- 
Measure,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Whole-Part;  not 
see  an  inch  beyond  one's  nose,  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness;  not  yield  an  inch,  Bigotry-Apostasy;  to  an 
inch,  Truth-Error. 

in'-cho-ate.  Incipient.  Beginning-End,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation. 

in"-cho-a'-tion.     Commencement.     Beginning-End. 

in-cho'-a-tive.     Inceptive.     Beginning-End. 

in-cide'.     Cut.     Union-Disunion. 

in'-ci-dence.  A  falling  on  or  upon.  Aim-Aberra- 
tion. 


in'-ci-dent.  A  happening.  Occurrence-Destiny; 
full  of  incident,  Occurrence-Destiny. 

in"-ci-den'-tal.  Contingent;  concomitant;  casual. 
Condition-Situation,  Connection-Independence, 
Contingency,  Occurrence-Destiny,  Purpose- 
Luck,  Rationale-Luck,  Subjectiveness-Objec- 
tiveness. 

in"-ci-den'-tal-ly.  Casually.  Connection-Independ- 
ence, Purpose-Luck. 

incidit  in  Scyllam  qui  vult  vitare  Charybdin  [L.] 
(in'-si-dit  in  sil'-lam  quai  vult  vai-te'-ri  kar-ib'-din). 
He  falls  into  Scylla  who  seeks  to  avoid  Charybdis. 
Security-Insecurity. 

in-cin'-er-ate.  Reduce  to  ashes.  Heating-Cool- 
ing. 

in-cip'-i-ence.     Inception.     Beginning-End. 

in-cip'-i-ent.     Initial.     Beginning-End. 

in-cir'-cum-spect.  Heedless.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness. 

in-cise'.     To  cut.     Groove,  Union-Disunion. 

in-ci'-sion.     Cut.     Groove,  Union-Disunion. 

in-ci'-sive.  Penetrating.  Emotion,  Force-Weak- 
ness, Vigor-Inertia. 

in"-ci-ta'-tion.     Incitement.     Motive-Caprice. 

in-cite'.  Urge.  Motive-Caprice,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

in-cite'-ment.     Arousal.     Motive-Caprice. 

in"-ci-vil'-i-ty.  Impoliteness.  Politeness-Impo- 
liteness. 

in-civ'-ism.  Want  of  patriotism.  Humanitarianism- 
Misanthropy. 

in-clasp'.     Encircle.     Confinement. 

in-clave'.     Dovetailed.     Architecture. 

in-clem'-en-cy.  Severity  of  weather.  Harshness- 
Mildness,  Heat-Cold,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

in-clem'-ent.  Harsh;  severe.  Compassion-Ruth- 
lessness,  Harshness-Mildness,  Heat-Cold. 

in"-cli-na'-tion.  Tendency;  slope.  Aim-Aberration, 
Desire-Distaste,  Inclination,  Love-Hate,  Mo- 
tive-Caprice, Parallelism-Inclination,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance. 

INCLINATION. 

Applicability.     Quality  of  being  fit  to  be  applied. 

Aptitude.     A  natural  tendency  for  anything. 

Aptness.     See  Aptitude. 

Bent.     A  tendency  or  propensity  of  the  mind. 

Bias.     A  tendency. 

Cast.     Tendency  of  manner  or  mien. 

Conducement.     A  tendency. 

Conduciveness.     The  state  of  tending  to  advance  or  promote. 

Drift.     See  Aim. 

Grain.     An  essential  tendency  of  disposition. 

Humor.     A  tendency  to  excite  mirth. 

Idiocrasy.     A  tendency  peculiar  to  oneself. 

Idiosyncrasy.     See  Idiocrasy. 

Inclination.     A  tendency  of  the  mind  or  will . 

Leaning  to.    A  tendency  toward. 

Liability.     See  Contingency. 

Mood.     A  tendency  of  the  mind. 

Nature.  The  essential  inherent  tendencies  peculiar  to  one'*  body  or 
mind. 

Predisposition.     Previous  inclination  or  tendency. 

Proclivity.     A  propensity  or  tendency. 

Proneness.     Inclination  of  mind  or  heart 

Propensity.     A  natural  tendency. 

Quality.     A  characteristic  tendency. 

Set.     An  attitude,  position,  or  tendency. 

Subservience.     See  Instrumentality. 

Susceptibility.     Capability  of  being  affected. 

Temperament.     Constitutional  tendency. 

Tendency.  The  character  of  tending  towards  some  end;  inclina- 
tion. 

Tone.     The  prevailing  character  or  tendency. 

Turn.     New  tendency. 

Vein.     Peculiar  tendency  or  turn  of  mind. 

View.     Tendency  in  looking  at  things. 


INCLINATION. 


529 


INCLUSION— OMISSION. 


Inclination — Verbs. 

Affect.     To  give  a  tendency  to. 

Bend  to.     To  direct  a  tendency  toward. 

Bid  fair  to.     Show  a  tendency  toward. 

Carry.     To  urge,  effect,  accomplish. 

Conduce.     To  tend  toward  a  result. 

Contribute.     To  give  in  aid  for  something. 

Dispose.     To  give  a  tendency  to. 

Gravitate  toward.     To  have  a  strong  tendency  toward. 

Incline.     To  give  a  tendency  to. 

Lead.     To  tend  toward. 

Promote.     See  Obstruction-Help. 

Redound  to.     To  contribute;  conduce. 

Tend.     To  have  a  tendency  toward;  to  exert  an  influence  in  a  certain 

way. 
Trend.     To  have  a  general  tendency. 
Verge.     To  approach. 

Inclination — Adjectives. 

Calculated  to.     Intended  to  produce  a  certain  effect. 
Conducive.     Tending  toward  a  result. 
In  a  fair  way  to.     Tending  fairly  toward. 
Liable.     See  Liability. 

Subservient.     Tending  toward  some  end  or  purpose.     See  Instru- 
mentality. 


Subsidiary.     See  Obstruction-Help. 
Tending.     See  Verbs . 
Useful.     See  Usefulness. 
Working  toward.     Tending  toward. 

Inclination — Adverbs. 

For.     Tending  toward. 

Whither.     Tending  to  what  or  which  place. 


in-cline'.  Tend;  slope.  Aim-Aberration,  Inclina- 
tion, Motive-Caprice,  Parallelism-Inclination, 
Readiness-Reluctance;  incline  an  ear  to,  Heed- 
Disregard. 

in-clined'.  Sloped.  Inclined  plane,  Affections, 
Desire-Distaste,  Instrument,  Readiness-Reluc- 
tance. 

in-clude'.  Comprise.  Inclusion-Omission;  include 
in  a  class,  Admission-Exclusion. 

in-clu'-ded.     Comprised.     Admission-Exclusion. 

in-clu'-ding.  Embracing.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Admission-Exclusion. 

in-clu'-sion.  Act  of  including.  Admission-Exclu- 
sion, Inclusion-Omission. 


INCLUSION— OMISSION. 


Admission.     The  state  of  allowing  to  enter. 

Combination.     A  joining  together  so  as  to  form  a  whole.     See  Compo- 
sition. 
Composition.     The  act  of  putting  together  of  parts. 
Comprehension.     The  act  or  state  of  including. 
Constitution.     The  established  system  of  parts. 
Inclusion.     The  act  of  including  or  the  state  of  being  included. 
Reception.     The  act  of  admitting. 

Inclusion — Scientific  Noun. 

Crasis.     The  joining  two  vowels  into  one  long  vowel. 

Inclusion — Verbs. 

Admit.     To  afford  entrance  to. 

Be  composed  of.     Made  up  of. 

Be  formed  of.    \ 

Be  made  of.       VMade  of. 

Be  made  up  of.) 

Be  resolved  into.     To  be  combined  into  a  harmony.     * 

Build  up.     To  increase  and  strengthen. 

Compose.     To  form  by  uniting  two  or  more  things. 

Comprehend.     To  include  or  take  in. 

Consist  of.     To  be  composed  of. 

Constitute.     To  form  the  substance  of. 

Contain.     To  have  for  its  contents. 

Drag  into.     To  bring  in  needlessly. 

Embody.     To  put  into. 

Embrace.     To  take  in  the  arms. 

Enter  into  the  composition  of.     To  form  a  part  of. 

Fill  up.     To  bring  all  parts  together  into  a  whole. 

Form.     To  go  to  make  up. 

Hold.     To  receive  and  retain. 

Implicate.     To  entangle. 

Include.     To  enclose  within. 

Involve.     To  draw  into  entanglement. 

Made  of.     To  have  in  composition. 

Made  up  of.     To  be  composed  of. 

Make.     To  form  out  of  materials. 

Make  up.     To  compose. 

Resolved  into.     To  separate  into  constituent  parts. 

Take  in.     To  give  entrance  to. 

Inclusion — Adjectives. 

Constituting.     Serving  to  form,  compose,  or  make  up. 
Containing.     Being  able  to  hold. 


Elimination.     The  act  of  casting  out  or  getting  rid  of. 

Exception.     The  act  of  omitting  from  mention. 

Exclusion.     The  act  of  shutting  out. 

Exile,  etc.     Forced  separation  from  one's  country.    See  Sociability 

Privacy. 
Non-admission.     The  act  of  being  kept  out. 
Omission.     The  act  of  leaving  out. 
Rejection.     The  act  of  casting  away  as  worthless. 
Repudiation.     The  process  of  putting  away. 
Segregation.     A  placing  or  grouping  apart  from  others. 
Separation.     The  act  or  process  of  disconnecting. 
Seposition.     A  setting  apart. 

Omission — Denotation. 
Coffer-dam.     A  temporary  dam  to  keep  water  from  men  at  work. 

Omission — Verbs. 
Banish.  To  compel  to  leave  one's  country. 
Bar.     To  close  to  entrance. 

Bar  out.     To  shut  out,  from  a  school-room  or  class-room. 
Be  excluded  from.     Shut  out  of,  or  kept  away  from. 
Black-ball.     To  bar  out  by  the  use  of  the  black  ball. 
Eliminate.     To  cut  out  or  get  rid  of 
Exclude.     To  shut  out. 
Excluded  from.     To  be  kept  away  from. 
Garble.     To  take  good  from  a  document,  perverting  it. 
Lay  apart.     To  place  to  one  side. 
Lay  aside.     To  abandon. 
Leave  out.     To  omit. 

Neglect.     To  leave  out  purposely.    See  Carefulness-Carelessness 
Omit.     To  leave  out. 
Pass  over.     To  overlook. 
Put  apart.     To  separate  from. 
Put  aside.     Put  away  from  something. 
Reject.     To  send  away,  or  discard. 
Relegate.     To  put  back  or  away. 
Repudiate.     To  reject. 

Segregate.     To  place  apart  from  others  or  the  rest. 
To  take  apart. 


■  To  place  alone. 


OMISSION — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Not  included  in.     Not  embraced  in. 
Unrecounted.     Not  considered. 
34 


Separate. 
Set  apart. 

Set  aside,  i 

Shut  out.     To  exclude  from,  as  from  scoring  in  a  game. 

Strike  off.     To  take  off  a  list,  etc. 

Strike  out.     To  make  one's  strike  without  hitting. 

Throw  overboard.     To  discard. 

Weed.     To  take  out  and  eradicate. 

Winnow.     To  separate  good  from  bad. 

Omission- — Adjectives. 
Excluded .     Kept  out. 
Excluding.     Debarring. 

Exclusive.     Shutting  out  or  desiring  to  shut  out. 
Inadmissible.     Such  as  should  be  rejected. 

(Continued  ait  Column  i.l 


INCLUSION— OMISSION. 


530 


INCUXTIGL'OUS. 


OMISSION— Continued. 
Omission — Adverbs. 


Barring.     Apart  from ;  excepting. 
Except.     With  the  exclusion  of. 
Exclusive  of.     Without. 


Save.     Unless. 

With  the  exception  of.     Leaving  out. 


in-clu'-sive.  Embracing.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Admission-Exclusion,  Constituent-Alien. 

in-cog'-i-ta-ble.     Thoughtless.    Reflection-Vacancy. 

in-cog'-i-tan-cy.  Thoughtlessness.  Reflection-Va- 
cancy. 

incognita  [It.]  (in-cog'-ni-ta) .  Unknown.  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy. 

incognita   terra    [L.]     (in-cog'-ni-ta  ter'-ra).      An  un- 
known country.     Knowledge-Ignorance. 
incognito  [It.]  (in-cog'-ni-to).      Without  being  known. 
Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

in-cog'-ni-za-ble.  Incapable  of  being  known.  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity. 

in"-co-he'-rence.     Looseness.     Cohesion-Looseness. 

in-co-he'-rent.  Incongruous.  Cohesion-Looseness, 
Saneness-Lunacy. 

in"-co-he'-sion.  Lack  of  cohesion.  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness. 

in"-com-bus"-ti-bU'-i-ty .  State  of  being  incombustible. 
Heating-Cooling. 

in"-com-bus'-ti-ble.  Uninflammable.  Heating-Cool- 
ing. 

ia"-com-bus'-ti-ble-ness.  Want  of  flammability.  Heat- 
ing-Cooling. 

in'-come.  Amount  of  money  coming  in.  Affluence- 
Penury,  Gain-Loss,  Giving-Receiving,  Keeping- 
Relinquishment,  Outlay-Income. 

in'-com"-ing.  Coming  in.  Entrance-Exit,  Outlay- 
Income. 

in"-com-men"-su-ra-bil'-i-ty.  No  measurement.  Con- 
nection-Independence. 

in"-com-men'-su-ra-ble.  Having  no  common  stand- 
ard of  comparison.  Connection-Independence; 
incommensurable  quantity,  Number,  Numbering. 

in-com-men'-su-rate.  Not  to  be  measured.  Number- 
ing. 

in"-com-mode'.  Disturb.  Obstruction-Help,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness. 

in"-com-mo'-di-ous.  Unsuitable.    Obstruction-Help. 

in"-com-mu'-ni-ca-ble.  Incapable  of  being  imparted 
to  others.  Clearness-Obscurity,  Keeping-Re- 
linquisiiment,  Meaning-Jargon. 

in"-com-mu'-ni-ca-tive.    Reserved.    Society-Privacy. 

in"-com-mu'-ta-ble.  Incapable  of  being  exchanged  for 
another.     Mutability-Stability. 

in-com'-pa-ra-ble.  Matchless.  Supremacy-Subordi- 
nacy. 

in"-com-pas'-sion-ate.  'Void  of  pity.  Compassion- 
Ruthlessness. 

in"-com-pas'-sion-ate-ness.  Want  of  pity.  Compas- 
sion-Ruthlessness. 

in"-com-pat'-i-ble .  Discordant.  Harmony-Discord, 
Possibility-Impossibility. 

in-com'-pe-tence.  Inability;  want  of  fitness.  Might- 
Impotence,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Skill-Unskil- 
fulness. 

in-com'-pe-tent.  Unfit.  Excess-Lack,  Might-Impo- 
tence, Skill-Unskilfulness,  Usefulness-Use- 
lessness. 

in-com-plete'.  Not  complete.  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness,  Preparation -Nonpreparation,  Whole- 
Part. 

In"-com-plete'-ly.  Imperfectly.  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness, Whole-Part. 

in"-com-plete'-ness .  Imperfection;  non-completion. 
Completion  -  Noncompletion,  Entiretv  -  Defi- 
ciency. Transcursion-Shortcoming 


in"-com-pli'-ance.     Obstinacy.     Proffer-Refusal. 

in-com"-pre-hen"-si-bil'-i-ty.  Unintelligibility.  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity. 

in-com"-pre-hen'-si-ble.  Infinite;  unintelligible.  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity, Infinity. 

in-com"-pre-hen'-sion.  Want     of     understanding. 

Knowledge-Ignorance. 

in"-com-press'-i-ble.  Resisting  compression.  Solid- 
ity-Rahty. 

in"-con-ceal'-a-ble.  Not  concealable.  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency. 

in"-con-ceiv'-a-ble.  Incomprehensible.  Astonish- 
ment-Expectance, Clearness-Obscurity,  Faith- 
Misgiving,  Likelihood-Unlikelihood,  Possibil- 
ity-Impossibility. 

in"-con-ceiv'-a-ble-ness.  Incomprehensibility.  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity. 

in"-con-cep'-ti-ble.  Inconceivable.  Clearness-Ob- 
scurity. 

in"-con-cin'-ni-ty.  Unsuitableness.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Harmony-Discord. 

in"-con-clu'-sive.  Leading  to  no  conclusion.  Ratioc- 
ination-Casuistry. 

in"-con-coc'-tion.     Immaturity.     Male-Female. 

in-con'-dite.     Badly  constructed.     Taste-Vulgarity. 

in-con'-gru-ence.  Lack  of  harmony.  Harmony-Dis- 
cord. 

in-con-gru'-i-ty.  Unsuitableness.  Adage-Nonsense, 
Harmony -Discord,  Ratiocination -Casuistry, 
Sagacity-Incapacity. 

in-con '-gru-ous.     Not  fitting.     Harmony-Discord. 

in"-con-nec'-tion.  Disconnection.  Connection-In- 
dependence, Union-Disunion. 

in-con'-se-quence .  State  or  quality  of  being  incon- 
sequent.    Connection-Independence. 

in-con '-se-quent.  Not  consequent.  Ratiocination- 
Casuistry. 

in-con"-se-quen'-tiaI.  Irrelevant.  Ratiocination- 
Casuistry. 

in"-con-sid'-er-a-ble.  Not  worth  considering.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Greatness-Littleness, 
Magnitude-Smallness. 

in"-con-sid'-er-ate.  Thoughtless;  heedless.  Care- 
fulness-Carelessness, Heed-Disregard,  Reflec- 
tion-Vacancy, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

in"-con-sid'-er-ate-ness.  Thoughtlessness.  Heed-Dis- 
regard. 

in"-con-sid"-er-a'-tion.  Thoughtlessness.  Heed- 
Disregard. 

in"-con-sist'-ent.     Discordant;  contradictory.    Adage- 
Nonsense,     Harmony -Discord,     Ratiocination 
Casuistry,    Sagacity-Incapacity,    Sameness-Con 
trast. 

in"-con-so'-la-ble.  Grieved  beyond  solace.  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection. 

in-con'-so-nant.  Disagreeing.  Harmony-Discord, 
Mutability-Stability. 

in"-con-spic'-u-ous.      Not  noticeable.      Visibility-In- 
visibility. 
in-con'-stan-cy.      Changeableness.      Mutability-Sta- 
bility. 
in-con'-stant.       Not      stable.      Mutability  -Stabil 

ity. 
in"-con-test'-a-ble.        Clear   beyond   dispute.         Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Strength-Weakness. 
in"-con-tig'-u-ous.       Not  in   contact.       Remotf^kss- 
Nearness. 


INCONTINENCE. 


531 


INCREASE— DECREASE. 


in-con  '-ti-nence.     Immoderation.     Purity-Impurity. 
in-con'-ti-nent.     Unchaste.     Purity-Impurity. 
in-con'-ti-nent-ly.       Immediately.       Earliness-Late- 

NESS. 

in"-con-tror-la-ble.  Not  controllable.  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

iiirCon/'-tro-vert'-i-ble.  Indisputable.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Mutability-Stability. 

in/'-con-ve'-nience.  Inexpediency.  Put  to  incon- 
venience, Obstruction-Help,  Propriety-Impro- 
priety. 

in"-con-ve'-nient.  Unsuitable.  Propriety-Impro- 
priety. 

in"-con-vers'-a-ble .  Reserved.  Sociability-Privacy, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

in"-con-vert'-i-ble.  Unchangeable.  Discontinuance- 
Continuance. 

in"-con-vin'-ci-ble.  Not  convincible.  Credulousness- 
Skepticism. 

in-cor'-po-rate.  Embodied.  Composition-Resolu- 
tion. 

in"-cor-por'-al.  Immaterial.  Materiality-Spiritu- 
ality. 


in-cor"-po-ra'-tion.     Organization.     Association. 

in"-cor-po'-re-al.  Immaterial.  Materiality-Spiritu* 
ality;  incorporeal  hereditaments.  Property. 

in-cor"-po-re'-i-ty.  State  of  being  not  material. 
Materiality-Spirituality. 

in"-cor-rect'.  Inaccurate ;  faulty.  Grammar-Sole- 
cism, Ratiocination-Casuistry,  Truth-Error, 
Virtue-Vice. 

in"-cor'-ri-gi-ble .  Bad  beyond  correction.  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Repentance-Obduracy,  Sanguinenecs- 

HOPELESSNESS,  VlRTUE-VlCE. 

in"-cor-rupt"-i-bir-i-ty.      The  character  of  the  ir.coi 
ruptible.     Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

in"-cor-rupt'-i-ble.  That  cannot  be  morally  corrupted. 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

in"-cor-rup'-tion.  Freedom  from  corruption.  Inno- 
cence-Guilt, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

in-cras'-sate.  Make  or  become  thick.  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Solidity-Rarity;  incrassate  fluids, 
Viscidity-Foam. 

in"-cras-sa'-tion.     Thickness.     Viscidity-Foam. 

in'-crease.  Augmentation.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion, Increase-Decrease. 


INCREASE— DECREASE. 


Accession,  etc      See  Addition. 

Accretion.     Increase  by  external  additions. 

Aggrandizement.     Increase  and  exaltation. 

Aggravation.     A  being  made  worse  or  heavier. 

Ascent,  etc.     See  Ascent. 

Augmentation.     Increase  and  enlargement. 

Development.     Gradual  increase  or  evolution. 

Dilatation,  etc.     See  Enlargement. 

Enlargement.     Increase  in  range,  scope,  or  capacity. 

Exacerbation.  Increase  in  the  violence  of  the  symptom?  of  a  dis- 
ease. 

Exaggeration.     Overstatement. 

Extension.     Increase  in  time,  space,  or  scope. 

Flood-tide.      Rising  or  increasing  tide. 

Growth.     The  gradual  and  natural  increase  of  a  living  creature. 

Increase.     Enlargement. 

Increment.  The  amount  of  increase  of  a  variable  as  it  passes  from 
one  of  its  values  to  another. 

Rise.     Ascent;  increase,  as  in  price. 

Spread,  etc.     See  Gathering-Scattering. 

Increase — Verbs. 

Add  fuel  to  the  flame.     Increase  the  intensity  of. 

Add  to.      Increase. 

Advance.     Increase;  elevate;  promote. 

Aggrandize.     Increase  in  greatness. 

Aggravate.     Increase  in  weight  or  intensity. 

Ascend,  etc.     See  Ascent. 

Augment.     Increase  in  any  way. 

Deepen.     Increase  in  depth  in  any  sense. 

Dilate,  etc.     See  Enlargement. 

Enhance.     Increase  in  measure  or  importance. 

Enlarge.     Increase  or  expand. 

Exacerbate.     Increase  in  severity  or  sharpness. 

Exaggerate.     Increase  unduly  or  extravagantly. 

Exalt.     Increase  in  rank  or  position. 

Exasperate.     Increase  the  anger  of ;  make  worse. 

Gain  strength.     Increase  in  strength. 

Get  ahead.     Surpass. 

Grow.     Increase  in  mass  by  natural  methods. 

Heighten.     Increase  in  import  or  intensity. 

Increase.     Make  or  become  greater  or  larger 

Intensify.      Increase  in  intensity. 

Magnify.     Increase  the  size  or  importance  of. 

Oleum  adders  camino  [L-D.     To  add  oil  to  the  fire. 

Raise.     Increase  in  amount,  rank,  or  elevation. 

Redouble.     Increase  fourfold  or  greatly. 

Rise.     Advance;  from  one  to  a  higher  position. 

Runup.     Increase;  get  large. 

Shoot  up.     Advance  or  increase  rapidly. 

Spread,  etc.     See  Gathering-Scattering. 

Sprout,  etc.     See  Enlargement. 

Strengthen.     Increase  in  strength. 


Abatement.     Decrease  in  force,  value,  or  quantity. 

Abridgment,  etc.     See  Length-Shortness. 

Anticlimax.  A  sentence  in  which  the  ideas  decrease  in  importance 
orimpressiveness  toward  the  close. 

Coarctation.     Contraction. 

Declension.     Decline;  deterioration. 

Decline.     Gradual  deterioration. 

Decrease .     Diminution . 

Decrement.     A  decreasing;  loss  by  decrease. 

Depreciation.     Decrease  in  worth. 

Descent,  etc.     See  Ascent-Descent. 

Deterioration,  etc.     See  Betterment-Deterioration. 

Diminution.     Decrease  in  size,  rank,  or  authority. 

Extenuation.     Decrease  in  gravity  or  importance. 

Lessening,  etc.     Decrease,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Mitigation,  etc.  Decrease  in  painfulness  or  severity,  etc.  See  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness. 

Reduction.     Decrease  in  size,  condition,  value,  etc. 

Reflux.     Decrease  in  the  height  of  the  tide;  flowing  back. 

Shrinking,  etc.     See  Enlargement-Diminution. 

Subsidence.     Decrease  in  violence,  as  of  passions. 

Subtraction,  etc.     See  Addition-Subtraction. 

Wane.     Decrease,  as  of  influence,  fame,  or  prosperity. 

Decrease — Verbs, 

Abate.     Decrease  in  value,  quantity,  or  force. 

Abridge,  etc.     See  Length-Shortness. 

Attenuate.     Decrease  in  size,  force,  or  intensity. 

Bate.     Decrease  the  amount,  force,  or  intensity  of. 

Crumble.     Fall  or  cause  to  fall  to  pieces;  decrease  in  density. 

Decay.     Deteriorate;  rot. 

Decline.     Diminish;  decrease. 

Decrease.     Lessen  or  cause  to  lessen;  diminish. 

Depreciate.     Decrease  in  value  or  estimation. 

Dequantate.     Decrease  the  quantity  of. 

Descend,  etc.     See  Ascent-Descent. 

Die  away.     Decrease  gradually. 

Diminish.     Decrease;  make  smaller. 

Discount.     Decrease  the  face  value  of  anything;  discredit. 

Drop  off.     Gradually  decrease  in  numbers,  as  an  audience;  fall  asl««p 

gently. 
Dwarf.     Decrease  in  size;  stunt. 
Ebb.     Decrease  in  height,  as  the  tide;  decline. 
Extenuate.     Decrease  the  importance  or  seriousness  of. 
Fall  away.     Decrease  gradually,  as  the  body,  fade,  as  color. 
Fall  off.     Decrease  in  abundance,  value,  or  interest. 
Fall  to  a  low  ebb.     Decrease  seriously  in  vitality. 
Fritter  away.     Decrease  to  nothing  little  by  little. 
Hide  its  diminished  head.     To  disappear. 
Languish.     Decrease  in  animation  or  activity. 
Lessen.     Diminish;  make  smaller. 
Lower.      Decrease,  as  in  height  or  quality;  abase. 
Melt  away.     Gradually  decrease  by  melting. 


INCREASE— DECREASE. 


532 


INCREMENT— REMNANT. 


INCREASE—  DECREASE— Continued. 


INCREASE— Verbs— Continued. 

Superadd,  etc.     Increase  what  has  been  added.     See  Addition. 
Wax.     Grow;  increase  gradually. 

Increase — Adjectives. 

Accrual.     Increasing. 

Additional,  etc.     See  Addition. 

Ebbless.     Not  flowing  back. 

Increased,  etc.     Made  larger;  augmented,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

On  the  increase.     Increasing. 

Undiminished.     Not  decreased. 

Increase — Adverb. 
Crescendo    flt.|.     Increasing  gradually  and   slowly  in  loudness  or 
power. 

Increase — Phrase. 

Vires  acquirit  eundo  [L.[|-     She  (Rumor)  increases  in  strength  as  she 
goes.     [Virgil,  JEneid,  4,  175. fl 


DECREASE — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 

"Small  by  degrees  and   beautifully  less."    Fine  by,  etc. 

Henry  and  Emma.^_ 
Unincreased,  etc.     See  Increase. 


[Prior, 


DECREASE— Verbs— Continued. 

Mitigate,  etc.     See  Turbulence-Calmness. 

Reduce,  etc.     See  Enlargement-Diminution. 

Retire  into  the  shade.     Decrease  in  importance. 

Run  low.     Be  in  a  low  or  decreased  condition. 

Shorten,  etc.     See  Length-Shortness. 

Shrink,  etc.     See  Enlargement-Diminution. 

Subside.     Decrease  in  violence ;  fall  to  a  lower  level. 

Subtract,  etc.     See  Addition-Subtraction. 

Tail  off.     Fall  behind,  a  sporting  term. 

Throw  into  the  shade.     Decrease  the  brightness  of;  obscure. 

Wane.     Decrease  in  size  and  brightness,  as  the  moon;    decrease   in 

importance. 
"Waste.     Decrease  by  unnecessary  expenditure. 
Weaken .     Diminish  the  strength  of. 
Wear.     Decrease  and  consume  away  by  use. 

Decrease — Adjectives. 

Decreased,  etc.     Lessened;  diminished,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Decreasing,  etc.     Diminishing;  lessening,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
On  the  wane,  etc.     Waning;  decreasing  in  size,  brightness,  or  impor- 
tance, etc.     See  Nouns. 

{Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


in-creased'.    Made  greater.     Increase-Decrease,  Su- 

PREMACY-SUBORDINACY. 

in-cred"-i-bir-i-ty.  Incredibleness.  Faith-Misgiving, 
Likelihood  -  Unlikelihood,  Magnitude  -  Small- 
ness. 

in-cred'-i-ble.  Surpassing  belief.  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance, Faith-Misgiving,  Likelihood-Unlike- 
lihood, Magnitude-Smallness,  Possibility-Im- 
possibility. 

in-cred'-i-ble-ness.  Not  to  be  believed.  Faith-Mis- 
giving. 


in"-cre-du'-li-ty.  Skepticism.  Credulousness-Skep- 
ticism,  Faith-Misgiving,  Godliness-Disbelief. 

in-cred'-u-lous.  Skeptical.  Credulousness-Skepti- 
cism,  Godliness-Disbelief. 

in-cred'-u-lous-ness.  Skepticism.  Godliness-Disbe- 
lief. 

in'-cre-ment.  Enlargement.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Enlargement-Diminution,  Increase-Decrease, 
Increment-Remnant. 


INCREMENT— REMNANT. 


Accession.     Addition;  attainment. 
Accompaniment.     Something  attendant. 
Addendum  [L.fl.     Something  added;  appendix. 
Addition.     An  increase;  augmentation. 
Additament.     An  addition. 
Additum  [L.|.     Something  to  be  added. 
Adjective.     An  accessory. 
Adjunct.     Something  joined  or  added. 
Affix.     An  appendage ;  a  suffix. 
Annexe  [F.J.     Something  annexed  and  appended. 
Appendage.     A  subordinate  adjunct. 
Augment.     Enlargement  by  addition. 
Augmentation.     The  act  of  increasing. 
Complement.     An  adjunct  required  to  supply  a  deficiency 
Continuation.     That  which  carries  on;  supplement. 
Increment.     Growth  in  any  relation;  augmentation. 
Item.     A  paragraph  in  a  newspaper. 
Reinforcement.     An  addition  of  strength. 

Suffix.     A  letter  or  syllable  appended      See  Predecessor-Continu- 
ation. 
Supernumerary.     Exceeding  the  required  number. 
Supplement.     That  which  serves  to  make  complete. 

Increment — Denotations,  etc. 

Corollary.  That  which  is  given  beyond  what  is  actually  due;  an 
additional  deduction  from  a  demonstration. 

Cortege.     A  train  of  attendants. 

Embroidery.     Diversified  ornamental  work. 

Episode.  A  separate  incident,  story,  or  action,  introduced  for  the 
purpose  of  giving  a  greater  variety. 

Flap.     Anything  broad  and  limber  that  hangs  loose. 

Garnish.     Something  added  for  embellishment. 

Lappet.     A  small  decorative  fold  or  flap  on  a  garment. 

Off-shoot.     That  which  shoots  off  or  separates  from  a  main  stem. 

Rider.  An  addition  or  amendment  to  a  manuscript  or  other  docu- 
ment. 

Sauce.     Appetizing  ingredients  eaten  with  food  as  a  relish. 

Skirt.     A  loose  edging  to  any  part  of  a  dress. 


Balance.     Difference  between  totals;  a  surplus. 

Complement.     A  filling  up;  an  addition. 

Educt.     That  which  is  drawn  out:  outcome. 

Excess.     Amount  of  difference  between  unequals;  surplus. 

Overplus.     Surplus;  excess. 

Relic.     That  which  remains;  a  small  portion  left  over 

Remainder.     Something  left  over;  residue. 

Remains.     That  left  behind. 

Remanet  [L.|.     It  remains. 

Remnant.     A  small  remainder. 

Residue.     A  remainder  left  after  being  acted  upon. 

Rest.     The  remainder;  the  balance. 

Result.     That  which  is  an  outcome,  effect,  consequence. 

Superfluity.     The  being  of  more  than  is  needed;  a  superabundance 

See  Excess. 
Surplus.     The  excess  of  what  is  needful. 
Survival.     What  is  left  over  alive. 
Survivancy .     The  state  of  being  a  survivorship. 

Remjjant — Denotations. 

Alluvium.     Deposits  of  earth,  sand,  gravel,  etc.,  carried  down  by 

streams  of  water. 
Candle  ends.     Small  bits  of  candle. 

Cheese  parings.     The  particles  that  fall  off  in  cutting  cheese. 
Dregs.     Matter  precipitated  from  a  liquid.     See  Cleanness-Filth  1. 

NBSS. 

Fag  end.     An  end  of  poorer  quality,  or  in  a  spoiled  condition. 

Heel-tap.     A  small  portion  of  liquor  left  in  a  glass  after  drinking. 

Leavings.     Things  left  over. 

Odds  and  ends.     That  which  is  left;  fragments. 

Orts.     Morsels  left  at  a  meal. 

Refuse.     Waste  or  worthless  matter.     See  Usefulness. 

Residuum.  That  which  is  left  over  after  any  process  of  purifica- 
tion. 

Ruins.  That  which  is  fallen  down  and  becomes  worthless  from 
injury  or  decay. 

Skeleton.     The  framework  of  anything. 

Stump.     The  part  of  a  tree  remaining  after  the  trunk  ii  cut  off. 


INCREMENT— REMNANT. 


533 


INDEFECTIBLE. 


INCREMENT—  REMNANT—  Continued. 


INCREMENT — Denotations,  etc. — Continued. 

Tail.     The  terminal  posterior  appendage  of  an  animal. 
Trappings.     Superficial  decorations. 

Increment — Adjective. 

Additional.     Supplementary.     See  Addition. 

Increment — Adverb. 

In  addition.     See  Addition. 


REMNANT — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Residual.     Left  over  after  part  is  taken. 

Residuary.     Pertaining  to  a  residue 

Remaining.     Continuing  after  others  have  been  removed. 

Sedimentary.     Characterized  by  sediment;  leftover. 

Superfluous.     More  than  is  required.     See  Excess. 

Surviving.     Left  over  alive. 

Unconsumed.     Left  over  after  a  conflagration. 


REMNANT — Denotations — Continued. 

Stubble.     The  stumps  of  wheat  or  grains  left  in  the  ground. 
Wreck.     The  remains  of  anything  ruined. 

Remnant — Verbs. 

Be  left.     To  remain.     See  Adjectives. 
Exceed.     To  go  beyond;  surpass. 
Leave.     To  withdraw;  quit;  depart. 
Survive.    To  be  left  over  alive 

Remnant — Adjectives. 
Cast  off.     Thrown  off;  discarded. 
Exceeding.     Going  beyond;  excelling. 
Left.  -J 

Left  behind,  j-  Remaining  after  something  has  been  taken  away. 
Left  over.     ) 

Net.     Clear  of  all  charges;  having  no  remainder. 
Odd.     Having  a  remainder  when  divided  by  2. 
Outlying.     Situated  outside;  extrinsic. 
Outstanding.     Standing  still;  projecting. 
Over  and  above.     Left  over. 

(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


Decrement. 
After-glow.     The  light  left  over  after  sunset. 
Decrement.     The  state  of  falling  off ;  decreasing. 
Deduction.     The  act  of  taking  away  from. 


INCREMENT— DECREMENT. 


Defect.     Want  of  something  essential;  deficiency. 

Discount.     Amount  rebated  on  a  given  sum. 

Eduction.     Exhaustion,  as  of  steam  from  a  cylinder. 

Loss.     The  act  of  being  deprived  of  or  the  state  of  being  deprived  of. 


in"-cre-pa'-tion.  A  chiding.  Approval-Disappro- 
val. 

in-crim'-i-nate.  Charge, with  a  crime.  Justification- 
Charge. 

in-crim"-i-na'-tion.    A  charge.  Justification-Charge. 

ia-crust'.    Cover  with  a  crust.    Cover-Lining. 

in"-crus-ta'-tion.     A  crust.     Cover-Lining. 

in'-cu-bate.  To  hatch  by  sitting.  Creation-Destruc- 
tion. 

in"-cu-ba'-tion.  Hatching.  Preparation-Nonprep- 
aration. 

in'-cu-ba"-tor.  An  apparatus,  artificially  warmed,  for 
hatching  eggs.  Creation-Destruction,  Heating- 
Cooling. 

in'-cu-bus.  Mental  burden;  a  demon.  Jove-Fiend, 
Obstruction-Help,  Pleasure-Pain. 

in-cul'-cate.     Teach.     Education-Misteaching. 

in"-cul-ca'-tion.    Teaching.    Education-Misteaching. 

in-cul'-pa-ble.     Blameless.     Innocence-Guilt. 

in-cul-pa'-tion.    Blamelessness.    Innocence-Guilt. 

in-cul'-ture.  Want  of  culture.  Preparation-Non- 
preparation. 

in-cum'-ben-cy.  Full  possession  and  exercise  of  any 
office.     Church,  Occupation. 

jn-cum'-bent.  Lying;  resting;  a  person  in  present  pos- 
session of  an  office.  Duty-Dereliction,  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Heaviness-Lightness,  Height-Low- 
ness,  Ministry-Laity. 

incunabula  [L.]  (in"-kiu-nab'-yu-la) .  Swaddling- 
clothes.     Infancy-Age. 

incunabulis,  ab  [L.]  (in"-kiu-nab'-yu-lis,  ab).  From 
the  cradle.     Beginning-End. 

in-cur'.  Bring  upon  oneself.  Contingency;  incur  a 
debt,  Credit-Debt;  incur  a  loss,  Gain-Loss;  incur 
blame,  Approval-Disapproval;  incur  danger,  Se- 
curity-Insecurity; incur  disgrace,  Reputation- 
Discredit;  incur  the  risk,  Purpose-Luck. 

in-cur'-a-ble.  Irremediable.  Health-Sickness,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness,  Subjectiveness-Objec- 
tiveness. 

incuriam,  per  [L.]  (in-kiu'-ri-am,  per).  Through  care- 
lessness.    Carefulness-Carelessness,   Heed-Dis- 


in-cu"-ri-os'-i-ty.      Want   of   curiosity.      Inquisitive- 

ness-Indifference. 
in-cu'-ri-ous.     Not  inquisitive.      Inquisitiveness-In- 

DIFFERENCE. 

in-cu'-ri-ous-ness.  Unconcernedness.  Inquisitive 
ness-Indifference. 

in-cur'-sion.  Inroad;  ingress.  Attack-Defense,  En- 
trance-Exit. 

in-curv'-ate.    Curved.    Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

in"-cur-va'-tion.  A  bending.  Curvation-Recti- 
linearity. 

in"-da-ga'-tion.     Search.     Investigation-Answer. 

in-debt'-ed.  Owing.  Credit-Debt,  Duty-Derelic- 
tion, Thankfulness-Thanklessness. 

in-debt'-ment.     Indebtedness.     Credit-Debt. 

in-de'-cen-cy.    Indecorum.    Purity-Impurity. 

in-de'-cent.    Immodest.    Purity-Impurity. 

in"-de-cid'-u-ous.  Permanent.  Mutability -Stabil- 
ity. 

in"-de-ci'-sion.  Wavering  of  mind.  Choice-Neu- 
trality, Determination-Vacillation. 

in"-de-ci'-sive.    Inconclusive.    Certainty-Doubt. 

in"-de-cli'-na-ble.  Not  varied  by  inflection.  Muta- 
bility-Stability. 

in"-de-co'-rous.  Improper.  Purity-Impurity,  Tastb- 
Vulgarity,  Virtue-Vice. 

in"-de-co'-rum.  Lack  of  decorum.  Taste-Vulgarity, 
Virtue-Vice. 

in-deed'.  In  truth.  Assent-Dissent,  Assertion- 
Denial,  Astonishment-Expectance,  Entity-Non- 
entity, Magnitude-Smallness,  Truth-Error. 

in"-de-fat"-i-ga-bil'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  indefati- 
gable.    Persistence-Whim. 

in''-de-fat'-i-ga-ble.  Unwearied.  Activity-Indolence, 
Persistence-Whim. 

in"-de-fat'-i-ga-ble-ness.  The  quality  of  being  un- 
wearied.   Persistence-Whim. 

in"-de-fat'-i-ga-tion.  Unweariedness.  Activity -Indo- 
lence. 

in"-de-fea'-si-ble.  Not  to  be  defeated.  Dueness-Un 
dueness,  Mutability-Stability. 

in"-de-fect'-i-ble.  Not  subject  to  defect.  Faultless« 
ness-Faultiness. 


INDEFECTIBLY. 
in"-de-fect'-i-bly.  Unfailingly.  Faultlessness-Faulti- 

NESS. 

in"-de-fec'-tive.       Perfect.       Faultlessness-Faulti- 

NESS. 

in"-de-fen'-si-ble.     Untenable;  unjustifiable.     Justifi- 
cation-Charge,   Might-Impotence,    Virtue-Vice 
Yielding.  ' 

in"-de-fi'-cient.  Not  deficient.  Faultlessness-Faulti- 

ness. 
in'j-de-fi'-na-ble.    That  cannot  be  defined.    Certainty- 
Doubt. 
in-def'-i-nite.      Uncertain;    unbounded.      Certainty- 
Doubt,   Clearness-Obscurity,   Infinity,   Truth- 
Error,  Visibility-Invisibility. 
in-def'-i-nite-ly.   Vaguely.   Magnitude-Smallness. 
in"-de-lib'-er-ate.     Unpremeditated.     Predetermina- 
tion-Impulse. 
in-del'-i-ble.       Ineffaceable.       Emotion,  Mutability- 
Stability,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness,  Sign. 
in-del'-i-ca-cy.   The  quality  of  being  indelicate.  Purity- 
Impurity. 
in-del'-i-cate.     Offensive  to  refined  taste.     Purity-Im- 
purity. 
in-dem"-ni-fi-ca'-tion.     Preserving  against  loss.     Com- 
pensation, Recompense-Punition. 
in-dem'-ni-fy.   To  compensate  for  loss  or  damage.  Com- 
pensation, Recompense-Punition. 
in-dem'-ni-ty.     Compensation  for  damages;  amnesty. 
Compensation,    Pardon-Vindictiveness,    Recom- 
pense-Punition; deed  of  indemnity,  Security. 
in-den"-i-za'-tion.     Act   of  naturalizing.     Establish- 
ment-Removal. 
in-den'-i-zen.       Naturalize.      Establishment- Remo- 
val. 
in-dent'.     Notch.     Circle-Winding,    Contract,    Or- 

ganization-Inorganization. 
in"-den-ta'-tion.     Notching;     a    notch.     Convexity- 
Concavity,  Indentation. 

INDENTATION. 

Cut.     Opening  made  by  an  edged  instrument. 

Dent.     A  small  hollow  in  a  body  or  mass. 

Dimple.     Depression  in  the  face. 

Indent.     An  incision;  a  stamp. 

Indentation.     A  cut  in  an  edge  or  border. 

Nick.     A  slight  cut  in  anything. 

Notch.     A  mark  or  nick  cut  in  anything. 

Indentation — Denotations. 

Battlement.     A  notch-like  wall  used  for  military  protection. 

Crenelle.     A  loophole  in  a  fortress. 

Embrasure.  An  opening  in  the  walls  of  a  fortification  through 
which  cannon  are  pointed. 

Machicolation.  An  opening  in  a  floor  for  shooting  or  dropping 
missiles. 

Saw.     A  thin  blade  of  steel  with  a  series  of  sharp  teeth  for  cutting. 

Scallop.  The  shell  of  a  species  of  fish,  radially  ribbed  and  undu- 
lated. 

Scollop.     See  Scallop. 

Tooth.     Any  projection  like  the  tooth  of  an  animal. 

Vandyke.  A  collar  or  edge  furnished  with  scallops,  as  in  the  paintings 
of  Vandyke. 

Indentation — Verbs. 

Crenulate.     To  make  a  notch  in  a  wall. 

Crimp.     To  pinch  up  in  small  ridges. 

Cut.     To  make  an  incision:  to  divide  with  a  sharp  tool. 

Dent.     To  make  a  small  hollow. 

Indent.     To  notch  the  edge  of. 

Jag.     To  cut  like  the  teeth  of  a  saw. 

Nick.     To  chip;  to  notch. 

Notch.     To  cut  in  small  hollows. 

Scarify.     To  scratch,  as  in  the  skin  in  surgery. 

Scollop.     To  cut  the  border  of  a  thing  into  segments  of  a  circle. 

Scotch.     To  lash:  to  cut  slightly. 

Vandyke.     To  slash  or  cut  out. 


534 


INDIGENE. 


Indentation — Adjectives. 
Crenate.  1  „     ..     , 

CrenatedJ   ioothed  w'th  even,  rounded  notches,  as  a  leaf. 
Dentate.  K,     . 
Dentated.J  ilavlnS  short  triangular  divisions  of  the  margin. 

Denticulate.   \  „.     ,    .      ,     , 

Denticulated./  Flnely  toothed. 

Notched,  etc.     Cut  into  small  hollows.     See  Verbs. 

Palmated.     Having  the  shape  of  a  hand,  as  in  some  leaves-  webbed 

Serrated.     Notched  on  the  edge  like  a  saw. 

Toothed.     Having  teeth  or  jags. 

in-den'-ture.     An  instrument  of  contract  under  seal 

Contract,  Security. 
in"-de-pend'-ence.     Irrelation;   freedom;   competency 
Affluence-Penury,     Connection-Independence 
Liberty-Subjection. 
In"-de-pend'-ent.   An  English  Congregationalist.   Con- 
nection-Independence, Liberty-Subjection    Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 
in"-de-scri'-ba-ble.     Not  to  be  described.     Astonish- 
_    ment-Expectance,  Magnitude-Smallness. 
m-des'-i-nent.    Unceasing.    Eternity-Instantaneity 
in  -de-struc'-ti-ble.     That  cannot  be  destroyed.     Mu- 
tability-Stability. 
in"-de-ter'-min-ate.     Uncertain;   not  fixed.     Ratioci- 
nation-Casuistry, Rationale-Luck. 
in-de-ter"-min-a'-tion.     Want  of  determination.     De- 
_    termination- Vacillation,  Rationale-Luck. 
in"-de-vo'-tion.     Impiety.     Godliness-Disbelief 
in-de-vout\     Not  devout.     Godliness-Disbelief. 
in-'dex.     That  which  points  out.      Number,   Organi- 
zation-Disorganization,   Record,     Sign,    Word- 
Neology. 
index  expurgatorius    [L.]    (in'-dex  ex-pur-ga-to'-ri-us) 
A  list  of  books  which  must  not  be  read  by  Roman 
Catholics,  except  in  expurgated   editions.     Leave- 
Prohibition. 
in"-dex-ter'-i-ty.     Clumsiness.    Skill-Unskilfulness. 
in-di-an.     Pertaining  to  India  or  the  East  Indies.    In- 
dian file,  Predecessor-Continuation;  Indian  rub- 
ber, Elasticity-Inelasticity;     Indian  weed,  Pun- 
gency. 
in'-di-cate.     Point     out;     mean.       Heed-Disregard, 

Manifestation-Latency,  Meaning-Jargon,  Sign. 
in'-di-ca"-ted.     Pointed  out;  suggested.    Sign. 
in'-di-ca"-ting.     Pointing  out.     Sign. 
in"-di-ca'-tion.     Sign.    Heed-Disregard,  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency, Sign. 
in-dic'-a-tive.     Bringing  to  notice.     Evidence-Coun- 

terevidence,  Sign;  indicative  mode,  Verb. 
in'-di-ca"-tor.     One  who  or  that  which  points  out.  Evi- 

dence-Counterevidence,  Sign. 
in'-di-ca-to-ry.    Serving  to  show.    Evidence-Counter- 

evidence,  Sign. 
in'-dice.     Index.    Sign. 
in-dict'.     Charge  with  crime.     Justification-Charge, 

Litigation. 
in-dic'-tion.     A  proclamation.     Publicity. 
in-dict'-ment.     A  formal  charge  of  crime,  preferred  by  a 

grand  jury.     Justification-Charge,  Litigation. 
in-dif'-fer-ence .     Lack  of  interest  or  concern.     Choice- 
Neutrality,    Desire-Distaste,    Inquisitiveness- 
Indifference,  Readiness-Reluctance;  matter  of 
indifference,  Consequence-Insignificance. 
in-dif'-fer-ent.     Lacking  interest ;  apathetic.     Choice- 
Neutrality,    Consequence-Insignificance,     De- 
sire-Distaste, Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Good- 
ness -  Badness,      Inquisitiveness  -  Indifference, 
Readiness-Reluctance,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 
in'-di-gence.    Poverty.    Affluence-Penury,  Excess- 
Lack. 
in'-di-gene.     One  born  in  a  country.     Dweller-Habi 
tation. 


INDIGENOUS. 


535 


INDUSTRY. 


ln-dig'-e-nous.  Native;  inherent.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion,   Nature-Art,    Subjectiveness-Objective- 

NESS. 

in'-di-gent.     Poor.     Affluence-Penury. 

in"-di-gest'-ed.  Not  digested.  Preparation-Non- 
preparation. 

in"-di-gest'-i-ble.  Not  digestible.  Healthiness-Un- 
healthiness. 

in"-di-ges'-tion.     Dyspepsia.     Health-Sickness. 

in-dig'-i-tate.     Point  out.     Heed-Disregard. 

in-dign'.     Unworthy.     Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

in-dig'-nant.     Feeling  wrath.     Favorite-Anger. 

in"-dig-na'-tion.  Anger.  Favorite-Anger;  indigna- 
tion meeting,  Contentedness-Discontentment. 

in-dig'-ni-ty.  Insult;  contumely.  Favorite-Anger, 
Regard-Disrespect. 

in'-di-go.     A  deep  violet-blue.     Blueness-Orange. 

in-dil'-i-gence .  Want  of  diligence.  Activity-Indo- 
lence. 

in-di-rect'.  Circuitous;  devious.  Aim-Aberration, 
Manifestation-Latency,  Midcourse-Circuit,  Par- 
allelism-Inclination. 

in-dis-cern'-i-ble.    Invisible.    Visibility-Invisibility. 

jn"-dis-cerpt'-i-bil-i-ty.  State  of  being  indiscerptible. 
Solidity-Rarity. 

in"-dis-cerpt'-i-ble .  Exempt  from  dissolution.  Solid- 
ity-Rarity, Whole-Part. 

in"-dis-cov'-er-a-ble .  Undiscoverable.  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency. 

in"-dis-creet'.  Imprudent.  Recklessness-Caution, 
Virtue-Vice. 

in"-dis-cre'-tion.  Imprudence.  Innocence-Guilt, 
Recklessness-Caution,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

in"-dis-crim'-i-nate.  Confused.  Differentiation- 
Indiscrimination,  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Pur- 
pose-Luck, Regularity-Irregularity,  Uniformi- 
ty-Multiformity. 

in"-dis-crim"-i-na'-tion.  Lack  of  discrimination.  Dif- 
ferentiation-Indiscrimination. 

in"-dis-pen"-sa-bil'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  absolutely 
necessary.     Need. 

in"-dis-pen'-sa-ble.     Absolutely  necessary.     Need. 

in"-dis-pose'.     Disincline.     Motive-Caprice. 

in"-dis-posed'.  Disinclined;  slightly  sick.  Health- 
Sickness,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

in"-dis-po'-sed-ness .  Unfitness;  unsuitableness.  Read- 
iness-Reluctance. 

in-dis"-po-si'-tion.  Disinclination.  Health -Sick- 
ness, Readiness-Reluctance. 

in-dis'-pu-ta-ble.   Incontrovertible.  Certainty-Doubt. 

in-dis'-sc-lu-ble.  Not  to  be  melted;  stable.  Muta- 
bility-Stability, Solidity -Rarity,  Union -Dis- 
union, Whole-Part. 

in"-dis-solv'-a-ble-ness.  The  state  of  being  Indissoluble. 
Solidity-Rarity. 

in"-dis-tinct'.     Dim.      Visibility-Invisibility. 

in"-dis-tinct'-ness.  Indefiniteness ;  dimness.  Differ- 
entiation -  Indiscrimination,  Ratiocination  -  In- 
stinct. 

in"-dis-tinc'-tion.  Uncertainty.  Differentiation-In- 
discrimination. 

in"-dis-tin'-guish-a-ble.  Inseparable;  invisible.  Same- 
ness-Contrast, Visibility-Invisibility. 

in"-dis-turb  ance.  Calmness.  Excitability-Inexci- 
tability,  Movement-Rest. 

in-dite'.     Compose.     Writing-Printing. 

in"-di-vid'-u-al .  Single;  person.  Humanity,  Sign, 
Solitude-Company,  Universality-Particularity, 
Whole-Part. 

in"-di-vid"-u-al'-i-ty.  Separate  nature  or  existence. 
Conventionality-Unconventionality,  Solitude- 
Company,  Universality- Particularity. 

in"-<?i-vid'-u-al-iz';.  To  confer  personal  characteristics 
upon.     Universality-Particularity. 


in"-di-vi-du'-i-ty.  Separate  existence.  Universality- 
Particularity. 

in"-di-vis"-i-bil'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  indivisible. 
Solidity-Rarity,  Whole-Part. 

in"-di-vis'-i-ble.  Not  separable  into  parts.  Solidity- 
Rarity,  Whole-Part. 

in"-do-cil'-i-ty.  Unteachableness.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Might-Impotence,    Readiness-Reluctance,  Sign. 

in-doc'-tri-nate.  Instruct.  Education-Misteaching, 
Faith-Misgiving. 

in-doc"-tri-na'-tion.  Information.  Education-Mis- 
teaching. 

in'-dc-lence.     Laziness.     Activity-Indolence. 

In"-do-Eu-rc-pe'-an.  Pertaining  to  certain  languages ; 
Aryan.     Ethnology. 

In"-do-I-ran'-ic.  The  Indo-European  languages  of 
India  and  Persia.     Ethnology. 

in'-do-lent.     Habitually  idle.     Activity-Indolence. 

in-dom'-i-ta-ble.  Unconquerable.  Bravery-Coward- 
ice, Determination -Vacillation,  Persistence- 
Whim,  Reprisal-Resistance,  Strength-Weak- 
ness. 

in'-door".  Performed  within  doors.  Outside-In- 
side. 

in-dorse'.    Sanction;  ratify.    Contract,  Security. 

in-dors'-er.    One  who  indorses.    Security. 

in-dorse'-ment.  Superscription.  Assent  -  Dissent, 
Mark-Obliteration,  Security,  Sign. 

in'-draft".  Inward  suction  or  flow.  Gulf-Plain, 
River-Wind. 

in-du'-bi-ous.    Certain.    Certainty-Doubt. 

in-du'-bi-ta-ble.  Unquestionably  true.  Certainty- 
Doubt. 

in-duce'.  Prevail  on.  Cause-Effect,  Creation-De- 
struction, Motive-Caprice. 

in-duced'.     Prevailed  on.     Motive-Caprice. 

in-duce'-ment.     Incentive;  motive.     Motive-Caprice. 

in-duct'.  Install;  initiate.  Church,  Commission- 
Abrogation. 

in-due '-tion.  Inference  drawn  from  particulars;  intro- 
duction; prologue.  Acting,  Church,  Investiga- 
tion-Answer, Ratiocination-Instinct. 

in-duct'-or.  An  electrical  apparatus.  Electric- 
ity. 

in-due'.     Endow.     Might-Impotence. 

in-dulge'.  Give  way  to;  humor.  Harshness-Mild- 
ness, Leave-Prohibition,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Society-Dandy;  indulge  in,  Pleasure- 
Pain;  indulge  in  reverie,  Fancy,  Heed-Disregard, 
Reflection-Vacancy;  indulge  oneself,  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness; indulge  one's  fancy,  Choice-Neu- 
trality; indulge  with,  Giving-Receiving. 

in-dulged'.  Humored;  gratified.  Moderation-Self- 
indulgence. 

in-dul'-gence.  Humoring;  absolution;  forbearance  of 
restraint.  Harshness-Mildness,  Leave-Prohibi- 
tion, Pardon-Vindictiveness,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Society-Dandy. 

in-dul'-gen-cy.     Indulgence.    Harshness-Mildness. 

in-dul'-gent.  Mild.  Charitableness-Malevolence, 
Harshness-Mildness,  Leave-Prohibition.     . 

in'-du-rate.    To  make  hard.    Hardness-Softness. 

in'-du-ra"-ted.    Made  hard.    Hardness-Softness. 

in"-du-ra'-tion.  Hardening;  impenitence.  Hardness- 
Softness,  Repentance-Obduracy. 

In'-dus.  River  in  Asia.  From  Indus  to  the  pole,  Ex- 
tension-District. 

in-dus'-tri-al.  Pertaining  to  the  arts  of  industry. 
Labor-Capital,  Occupation. 

in-dus'-tri-ous.  Laborious;  diligent.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Education-Learning. 

in'-dus-try.  Habitual  diligence;  any  department  of 
business.  Activity-Indolence,  Labor-Capital, 
Occupation;  hive  of  industry,  Workshop. 


INDWELLER. 


536 


INFANCY— AGE. 


in'-dwell"-er.    An  inhabitant.    Dweller-Habitation. 
in-e'-bri-ate.     To  make  drunk.     Teetotalism-Intem- 

PERANCE. 

in-e'-bri-a"-ted.       Drunk.       Teetotalism-Intemper- 

ance. 
in-e"-bri-a'-tion.    Drunkenness.    Teetotalism-Intem- 

perance. 
in"-e-bri'-e-ty.      Drunkenness.      Teetotalism-Intem- 

perance. 
in-e'-bri-ous.       Drunken.       Teetotalism-  Intemper- 
ance. 
in-ef'-fa-ble.       Unutterable.       Astonishment-Expec- 
tance, Magnitude-Smallness. 
in/'-ef-face'-a-ble.    Indelible.    Affections. 
in"-ef-fec'-tive.     Futile.     Might-Impotence,  Success- 
Failure. 

in"-ef-fec'-tu-al.  Inefficient;  useless.  Might-Impo- 
tence, Success-Failure,  Usefulness-Useless- 
ness;  ineffectual  attempt,  Success-Failure;  pale 
its  ineffectual  fire,  Dimness,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

in-ef"-fi-ca'-cious.  Not  efficacious.  Might-Impotence, 
Success-Failure,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

in-ef"-fi-ca'-cious-ness.  Inefficacy.  Gathering-Scat- 
tering. 

in-ef"-fi-ca'-cy.  Futility.  Keeping-Relinquishment, 
Might-Impotence,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

in"-ef-fi'-cien-cy.     Incapacity.     Might-Impotence. 

in"-ef-fi'-cient.     Not  efficient.     Might-Impotence. 

in"-e-las'-tic.  Lacking  elasticity.  Elasticity-Inelas- 
ticity, Hardness-Softness,  Liquid-Gas;  inelastic 
fluid,  Liquid-Gas. 

in"-e-las-tic'-i-ty.  Want  of  elasticity.  Elasticity- 
Inelasticity,  Hardness-Softness. 

in-el'-e-gance.  Want  of  elegance  or  grace.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Purity-Crudeness. 

in-el'-e-gant.  Not  elegant.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Pu- 
rity-Crudeness.   ' 

in-el'-i-gi-ble.  Not  qualified.  Propriety-Impro- 
priety. 

in-ept'.  Unfit;  useless.  Might-Impotence,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

in-ept'-i-tude.  Unfitness.  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness. 

in"-e-qual'-i-ty.  Want  of  equality.  Equality-In- 
equality. 

in-eq'-ui-ta-ble.     Unfair.     Right-Wrong. 

in"-e-rad'-i-ca-ble.  Not  to  be  rooted  out.  Mutability- 
Stability,  Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 

in-err'-a-ble.    Infallible.     Innocence-Guilt. 

in-ert'.  Sluggish.  Activity-Indolence,  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Sensitiveness-Apathy,  Vigor-Inertia. 

in-er'-tia.  Indisposition  to  move  or  act.  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy, Vigor-Inertia. 

in-er'-tion.    Quietude.     Vigor-Inertia. 

in-ert'-ness.  Sluggishness.  Activity -Indolence, 
Dominance  -  Impotence,  Sensitiveness  -  Apathy, 
Vigor-Inertia. 

in-es'-ti-ma-ble.    Above  price.    Goodness-Badness. 

in-ev'-i-ta-ble.  Unavoidable.  Certainty-Doubt,  Vo- 
lition-Obligation. 

in-evM-ta-ble-ness.  Certain  to  happen.  Volition- 
Obligation. 

in-ex-act'.  Inaccurate.  Carefulness -Neglect, 
Force-Weakness,  Truth-Error. 

in-ex-act'-ness.  Inaccurateness.  Carefulness-Neg- 
lect, Clearness-Obscurity,  Truth-Error. 


in"-ex-cit"-a-bil'-i-ty.  Insusceptibility  to  excitement. 
Excitabihty-Inexcitability,  Vigor-Inertia. 

in"-ex-cit'-a-ble.  Not  easily  excited.  Excitability- 
Inexcitability. 

in"-ex-cu'-sa-ble.  Not  to  be  justified.  Justification- 
Charge,  Virtue- Vice. 

in-ex"-e~cu'-tion.       Nonperformance.       Completion- 

NONCOMPLETION. 

in"-ex-haust'-i-ble.    Unfailing.    Enough. 

in"-ex-ist'-ence.  Want  of  being.  Entity-Nonentity 
Presence-Absence. 

in"-ex-ist'-ent.  Innate.  Entity-Nonentity,  Pres 
ence-Absence. 

in-ex'-o-ra-ble.  Unyielding;  relentless;  unavoidable. 
Bigotry-Apostasy,  Coercion,  Compassion-Ruti:- 
lessness,  Determination-Vacillation,  Harsi:- 
ness-Mildness,  Pardon- Vindictiveness,  Volition- 
Obligation. 

in-ex"-pec-ta'-tion.  Absence  of  expectation.  Expec- 
tation-Surprise. 

in"-ex-pe'-di-ence.  Want  of  fitness.  Propriety-Im- 
propriety. 

in"-ex-pe'-di-en-cy.  Impropriety.  Propriety-Impro- 
priety. 

in"-ex-pe'-di-ent.  Improper.  Opportuneness-Un- 
suitableness,  Propriety-Impropriety,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 

in"-ex-pen'-sive.  Costing  little.  Costliness-Cheap- 
ness. 

in"-ex-pe'-ri-ence.  Lack  of  personal  and  experimental 
knowledge.       Knowledge-Ignorance,     Skill-Un- 

SKILFULNESS. 

in"-ex-pert'.    Unskilled.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

in-ex'-pi-a-ble.  So  heinous  as  not  to  be  atoned  for. 
Virtue-Vice. 

in-ex'-pli-ca-ble.  Not  to  be  explained.  Clearness- 
Obscurity. 

in"-ex-press'-i-ble.  Unutterable;  unintelligible.  As- 
tonishment-Expectance, Clearness-Obscurity, 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Meaning-Jargon. 

in"-ex-press'-i-bles.     Trousers.     Dress-Undress. 

in"-ex-pres'-sion.  Lack  of  expression.  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency. 

in"-ex-press'-ive.  Lacking  expression  ;  incompletely 
expressing.     Meaning-Jargon. 

in"-ex-pug'-na-ble.  Unconquerable.  Security-Inse- 
curity. 

in"-ex-ten'-sion.  Want  of  extension.  Extension-In- 
extension,  Greatness-Littleness,  Materiality- 
Spirituality. 

in"-ex-tin'-guish-a-ble.  Unquenchable  Excitability- 
Inexcitability,  Mutability-Stability,  Strength- 
Weakness;  inextinguishable  desire,  Desire-Dis- 
taste. 

in-ex'-tri-ca-ble.  Hopelessly  entangled.  Cohesion- 
Looseness,  Possibility-Impossibility,  Regular- 
ity-Irregularity. 

in-fal"-li-bil'-i-ty.  Incapability  of  error.  Certainty- 
Doubt;  assumption  of  infallibility,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness. 

in-fal'-li-bly.     Without  fail.     Certainty-Doubt. 

in'-fa-mous.  Notorious.  Reputation-Discredit,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty, Virtue- Vice. 

in'-fa-my.  Dishonor;  vileness.  Reputation  -  Dis- 
credit, Uprightness-Dishonesty,  Virtue-Vice. 

in'-fan-cy.  Early  childhood.  Beginning -End,  In- 
fancy-Age. 


INFANCY— AGE. 


Babyhood .     The  state  of  being  a  very  young  child. 
Bloom.     The  flower  of  youth  or  manhood. 

Boyhood.     The   period   of  life   in    a   male   between   childhood   and 
puberty. 


Advanced  age.     Old  age. 

Age.     The  closing  period  of  life. 

Anility.     The  state  of  being  imbecile  in  old  age;  like  an  old  woman 

Caducity.     The  state  of  failing  in  old  age. 


INFANCY— AGE. 


537 


INFANT. 


INFANCY—  AGE— Continued. 


Childhood.     The  time  from  infancy  to  near  puberty. 

Girlhood.     The  state  of  being  a  female  child. 

Incunabula  [L.].  Things  of  the  cradle  of  a  race,  or  an  art ;  specimens 
of  printing  A.  D.  1500  or  thereabouts. 

Infancy.     The  state  of  being  too  young  to  speak. 

Juniority.     The  state  of  being  younger. 

Juvenescence.     A  growing  young. 

Juvenility.     Youthfulness. 

Minority.     The  condition  of  being  under  age. 

Nonage.     The  condition  of  being  under  age. 

Puberty.  The  age  at  which  persons  are  capable  of  begetting  chil- 
dren. 

Pucelage .     Virginity. 

Pupilage.     The  state  or  period  of  being  a  pupil. 

Teens.  The  years  of  one's  age  designated  by  the  numbers  ending  in 
teen. 

Tender  age.     The  period  of  early  childhood. 

V     thh     A  1  '^ie  P^od.  of  life  between  childhood  and  manhood. 

Infancy — Associated  Nouns. 

Cradle.     A  bed  or  cot  for  a  baby  swinging  or  rocking. 

Leading  strings.     Strings  by  which  children  are  supported  when 

beginning  to  walk. 
Nursery.     An  apartment  in  a  house  appropriated  to  the  care  of 

children. 


Infancy — Figurative  Expressions. 


Flower  of  life. 
Golden  season  of  life. 
Heyday  of  youth. 
Prime  of  life. 
Rising  generation. 
School  days. 
Seed-time  of  life. 
Spring-tide  of  life. 


.  Youth. 


Infancy — Adjectives. 


Beardless.     Too  young  to  have  a  beard. 

Budding.     Developing  during  youth. 

Callow.     Without  experience  in  the  world. 

Green.     Of  an  unripe  youth. 

In  one's  teens.     See  Teens. 

In  statu  pupilari  [L.].     In  the  condition  of  ward. 

Junior.     Belonging  to  youth  or  earlier  life. 

Juvenile.     Characteristic  of  youth. 

Puisne"  [F.].     Junior  as  to  rank. 

Sappy.     Immature  in  age. 

Under  age.     In  one's  nonage. 

Young.     Pertaining  to  youth. 

Youngster.     A  young  person. 

Youthful.     Having  youth. 

I  n  f  a  n  c  y — Phrase . 
Bis  pueri  senes  [L.J.     Old  men  are  children  twice. 


AGE — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Senior.     Older  in  years  or  office. 
Stricken  in  years.     Infirm  from  age. 
Superannuated.     Incapacitated  by  age. 
Time-worn.     Feeble  from  age. 
Turned  of.     Having  passed  beyond  a  certain  age. 
Venerable.     Meriting  esteem  on  account  of  age. 
Waning.     Gradually  declining,  like  the  old  moon. 
Wrinkled.     Having  furrows  in  the  skin  from  age. 
Years  old.     Of  age. 

Age — Phrase. 
Bis  pueri  senes  [L.J     Old  men  are  children  twice. 


Climacteric.     One  of  the  critical  ages  in  man's  life. 

Decline  of  life.     The  period  in  which  man  begins  to  age. 

Declining  years.     Advancing  old  age. 

Decrepitude.     The  state  of  being  broken  down  by  old  age. 

Dotage.     Feebleness  of  mind,  due  to  old  age. 

Elders.     Those  who  are  of  greater  age. 

Eldership.     Seniority. 

Grand  climacteric.     The  age  of  63  years. 

Gray  hairs.     Figurative  expression  for  old  age. 

Green  old  age.     A  happy  and  hearty  old  age. 

Hoary  age.     Great  age,  with  white  hair. 

Longevity.     Tendency  to  live  to  a  great  age. 

Old  age.     The  advanced  period  of  life. 

Oldness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  old. 

Ripe  age.     Having  advanced  to  a  perfectly  developed  age. 

Primogeniture.     The  state  of  being  the  firet  born  of  a  family. 

Second  childhood.     \  „     .... 

Second  childishness./ 

Senescence.     The  state  of  growing  old. 

Senility.     The  state  of  being  old. 

Seniority.     The  state  of  being  older  than  another. 

Sere  and  yellow  leaf.     Old  age.     [Shakespeare,  Macbeth,  V,  i.] 

Superannuation.     State  of  being  too  old  for  office  or  business. 

Three  score  years  and  ten.     The  allotted  years  of  man. 

Time  of  life.     The  age  of  man. 

Vale  of  years.     Old  age;  the  Valley  of   Baca,  the  vale    of    tears. 

[Psalm  84,  6.] 
Years.     Advanced  age. 

Age — Verbs. 
Age.     To  grow  old. 
Be  aged,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Decline.     To  become  impaired  by  age. 
Get  old,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Grow  old,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Wane.     To  decline  gradually. 

Age — Adjectives. 
Advanced  in  life.     \  ^. , 
Advanced  in  years.  J 

Aged .     Approaching  the  term  of  existence. 
Ancestral.     Pertaining  to  an  ancestor. 
Anile.     Enfeebled  in  the  intellect  by  age. 
Antiquated.     Of  an  old  and  obsolete  style. 
Declining.     Weakening  from  age. 
Decrepit.     Enfeebled  by  age. 

Effete.     Worn  out  by  age  and  incapable  of  further  production. 
Elder.     Having  lived  more  years  than  another. 
Elderly.     Having  passed  the  prime  of  life. 
Eldest.     First-born. 
First-born.     Eldest. 
Firstling.     The  first-born. 

rnY\     J  ,  I  Old. 
Gray-headed.) 

Having  one  foot  in  the  grave. 

Hoary. }  White  from  age. 

In  years.     Elderly. 

Marked  with  a  crow's  foot.     Marked  with  a  wrinkle  under  the  eye,  1 

a  sign  of  age. 
Matronly.     Advanced  in  years. 
Mellow.     Ripened  by  age. 

No  chicken.     Having  advanced  beyond  the  years  of  youth. 
Of  a  certain  age. 

Old.     Advanced  far  in  years  or  life.     See  Novelty-Antiquity. 
Old  as  Methuselah.     Old  as  the  oldest  man.     [Genesis  v,  27.] 
Older.     More  advanced  in  years  than  another. 
Oldest.     Born  first. 
Passi  [P.J.     Past  the  prime  of  life. 
Past  one's  prime.     Going  toward  old  age. 
Patriarchal.     Old  and  venerable. 
Ripe.     Fully  matured. 
Run  to  seed.     Grown  old  and  useless. 
Senile.     Affected  by  old  age. 

(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


Having  lived  to  an  advanced  age. 


infandum  renovate  dolorem  [L.]  (in-fan'-dum  ren"-o- 
v6'-rl  do-lo'-rem) .  To  revive  unspeakable  grief. 
contentedness  -  discontentment,  jubilation 
Lamentation,       Remembrance  -  Forgetfulness. 


[Virgil,  AZneid,  2,  1.] 
in'-fant.       Babe.       Infant  -  Veteran,     Sage -Fool, 
Strength-Weakness. 


INFANT— VETERAN. 


538 


INFECTA. 


INFANT— VETERAN. 


Babe,  I  ^  v        young  child  of  either  *ex. 

Baby. ) 

Bairn.     A  child  of  either  sex. 

Bambino.     A  little  child. 

Bantling.     A  young  child. 

Boy.     A  male  child. 

Brat.     A  contemptuous  term  for  child. 

Bratling.     Diminutive  of  brat. 

Cadet.     A  younger  or  the  youngest  son. 

Calf.     The  young  of  the  bovine  species. 

Gallant.     A  young  man. 

Callow.     An  unfledged  bird. 

Chicken.     The  young  of  the  common  fowl. 

Child.     The  young  of  the  human  race. 

Chit.     A  lively  child. 

Chrysalis.     The  undeveloped  young  of  an  insect  in  the  pupa  state. 

Cocoon.     One  of  the  stages  of  insect  life. 

Codlin.     An  immature  apple. 

Codling.     A  young  cod. 

Colt.     A  young  horse. 

Cub .     A  young  bear. 

Dlmlilelle  [F.|  )  A  youn*  unmarried  woman' 

Elf.     A  fairy. 

Enfants  terribles  [F.fl-     Terrible  children. 

Fetus.     The  young  in  the  womb  or  the  egg. 

Foal.     The  young  of  an  equine  animal. 

Fry.     Very  young  fish. 

Girl.     A  female  child. 

Hobbledehoy.     An  awkward  youth. 

Hopeful.     A  young  son  or  daughter  ironically  spoken  of  as  the  hope 

of  the  house. 

Hoyden.     A  romping  or  bold  girl. 

Infant.     A  child  too  young  to  speak. 

Kitten.     A  young  cat. 

Lad.     A  youth. 

Lamb.     A  young  sheep. 

Lambkin.     A  little  lamb. 

Larva.     The  young  of  insects  after  leaving  the  egg. 

Lass.     A  young  woman. 

Lassie.     A  little  lass. 

Lionel.     A  small  lion. 

Lionet.     A  young  lion. 

Little  one.     A  young  child. 

Maid.     \   .  .    , 

H_y       f  A  young  unmarried  woman. 

Master.     A  young  gentleman. 

Minor.     A  person  under  age. 

Miss.     A  young  girl. 

Nestling.     A  bird  too  young  to  leave  the  nest. 

Nursling.     A  child  still  under  the  care  of  a  nurse. 

Olive-branch.     A  humorous  term  for  offspring.     [Bible.] 

Orphan.     A  child  deprived  of  its  parents  by  death. 

Papoose.     A  North  American  Indian  infant. 

Piccaninny.     A  little  negro  child. 

Pullet.     A  young  hen. 

Pup.     The  young  of  various  carnivore. 

Quab.     A  squab  or  nestling. 

Sapling.     A  young  tree. 

School-boy.     A  boy  attending  a  school. 

Scion.     A  child  of  a  noble  family. 

Seedling.     A  young  tree  or  plant. 

Squab.    A  nestling  pigeon. 

Stripling.     A  mere  youth. 


Centenarian.     A  person  one  hundred  years  old. 

Crone.     A  withered  old  woman. 

Elders.     Those  who  have  lived  longer. 

Forefathers,  etc.     Remote  ancestors.     See  Creation. 

Gaffer.     An  old  man. 

Gammer.     An  old  woman. 

Grandam.     A  grandmother. 

Grandfather.     The  father  of  either  of  one's  parents. 

Grandsire.     A  grandfather. 

Graybeard.     An  old  man  with  a  gray  beard. 

Methuselah.     A  Biblical  character  said  to  have  lived  969  years;  a 

very  old  person;  "the  oldest  man." 
Nestor,     An  old  and  very  wise  man.     [Homer.] 
Nonagenarian.     A  person  ninety  years  old. 
Octogenarian.     A  person  eighty  years  old. 

Old  man.     A  person  advanced  in  years,  usually  above  fifty  years. 
Old  Pan.     A  quite  old  man.     [Pan  himself,  the  simple  shepherd's 

awe-inspiring  god.    Wordsworth,  Excursion,  iv.] 
Old  stager.     One  who  has  resided  in  a  place  or  filled  a  position  for  a 

long  time. 
Pantaloon.     An  old  dotard. 
Patriarch.     An  aged  and  venerable  man. 
Preadamite.     Existing  before  Adam. 
Seer.     An  old  and  prophetic  man. 
Sexagenarian.     A  person  sixty  years  old. 
Veteran.     A  person  old  in  any  cervice. 


INFANT— Continued. 
Suckling.     An  unweaned  mammal. 
Tadpole.     A  young  frog  or  toad. 
Tendril.     A  young  shoot. 
Urchin.     A  mischievous  boy. 
Vagitus.     The  first  cry  of  a  new-born  babe. 
Virgin.     A  pure  young  woman. 
Weanling.     A  child  or  animal  just  weaned. 
Wench.     A  young  woman  of  lowly  condition. 
Whelp.     The  young  of  the  carnivorae. 
Whipper-snapper.     An  insignificant  young  person. 
Whipster.     A  young  and  nimble  fellow. 
Yearling.     A  young  animal  in  its  second  year. 


Youngster.!  a 

V~Z£Z     }  A  young  person. 


Younker. 

Youth.     A  young  man. 

Infant — Adjectives. 
At  the  breast.     Nursing. 
Baby.     Young  or  little. 
Babyish.     Without  discretion,  like  a  baby. 
Boyish.     Full  of  mischief  and  sport,  like  a  boy. 
Callow.     Wanting  experience  in  the  world. 
Childish.     Silly  and  trifling,  like  a  child. 
Girlish.     Frivolous,  like  a  girl. 

In  arms.     That  has  to  be  carried  about  in  the  arms. 
Infantile.     Childish. 
Infantine.     Pertaining  to  infants. 
In  long  clothes.     In  an  infant  state. 
In  one's  teens.     In  the  years  ending  with  teen. 
In  swaddling  clothes. '. 
In  the  cradle. 
Kittenish.     Playful  and  thoughtless,  like  a  kitten. 
New-born.     Recently  born. 
New-fledged.     Having  just  acquired  feathers. 
Puerile.     Immature  and  weak,  like  a  child. 
Unfledged.     Not  having  attained  to  full  growth. 


In  an  infant  state. 


in-fan'-ta.  Any  royal  princess  of  Spain  or  Portugal. 
Chief-Underling. 

in-fan'-ti-cide.  Killing  of  a  child  before,  at,  or  after 
birth.    Devotion-Idolatry,  Life-Killing. 

in'-f an-tile .  Pertaining  to  infants.  Infant- Veteran, 
Sagacity-Incapacity. 

in'-f an-tine.  Pertaining  to  infants;  foolish.  Infant- 
Veteran,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

in'-fan-try.  Foot-soldiers  with  small  arms.  Bellig- 
erent. 

in'-fan-try-man.     A  foot-soldier.    Belligerent. 

iti-farc'-tion.     Stoppage    of    a    channel.     Aperture- 

Cl  OSl'RE. 

in-fat"-u-a'-ted.     Misled.     Bigotry-Apostasy,  Credu- 


lousness  -  Skepticism,  Decision  -  Misjudgment, 
Saneness-Lunacy. 

in-fat"-u-a'-tion.  Extravagant  passion.  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Credulousness-Skepticism,  Decision- 
Misjudgment,  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Love- 
Hate,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

in-fea'-si-ble.  Impracticable.  Possibility-Impossi- 
bility. 

in-fect'.  Contaminate;  imbue.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Excitation,  Mixture-Homogeneity. 

injecta,  re  [L.]  (in-fec'-ta,  ri).  The  business  being  un- 
finished. Action-Passiveness,  Completion-Non- 
completion,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Success-Fail- 
ure, Transcursion-Shortcoming. 


INFECTION. 


539 


INFLEXION. 


In-fec'-tion.     Communication  of  disease.    Excitation, 

Health-Sickness. 
in-fec'-tious.      Catching.      Healthiness-Unhealthi- 

NESS. 

in-fec'-und.    Unfruitful.   Fertility-Sterility. 

in"-fe-cun'-di-ty.   Sterility.   Fertility-Sterility. 

in"-fe-lic'-i-tous.    Not  happy.    Pleasure-Pain. 

in"-fe-lic'-i-ty.  Unhappiness;  unsuitableness.  Pleas- 
ure-Pain, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

in'-fer-ence.  Illation.  Decision-Misjudgment,  Inter- 
pretation-Misinterpretation, Ratiocination-In- 
stinct; by  inference,  Manifestation-Latency,  Ra- 
tiocination-Instinct. 

in"-fer-en'-tial.  Deducible  by  inference.  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency, Proof-Disproof. 

In-fe'-ri-or.  Unequal  to.  Faultlessness-Faultiness, 
Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

in-fe"-ri-or'-i-ty.  Lower  state  or  condition.  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution, Equality-Inequality,  Suprem- 
acy-Subordinacy; personal  inferiority,  Supremacy- 
Subordinacy. 

in-fer'-nal.  Hellish.  Angel-Fiend,  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Goodness-Badness,  Heaven-Hell, 
Virtue-Vice;  infernal  machine,  Weapon;  infernal 
regions,  Heaven-Hell. 

in-fer'-no.     Hell.    Heaven-Hell. 

in"-fer-til'-i-ty.     Sterility.     Fertility-Sterility. 

in-fest'.    Overrun.    Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

in"-fes-ta'-tion.  Vexation.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness. 

in"-fes-tiv'-i-ty.  Cheerfulness.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

in-fib"-u-la'-tion.     Clasping.    Union-Di-union. 

in'-fi-del.   A  skeptic.     Godliness-Disbllief. 

in"-fi-del'-i-ty.  Disbelief;  unfaithfulness.  Faith- 
Misgiving,  Godliness-Disbelief,  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

in-fil'-trate.  Penetrate  gradually.  Dampness-Dry- 
ness,  Education-Misteaching,  Entrance-Exit, 
Environment-Interposition,  Mixture-Homoge- 
neity, Water-Air. 

in"-fil-tra'-tion.  Act  of  infiltrating.  Entrance-Exit, 
Environment-Interposition,  Mixture-Homoge- 
neity, Transmission,  Water-Air. 

In'-fi-nite.    God.    Divinity. 

in'-fi-nite.  Boundless.  Infinity,  infinite  goodness, 
Divinity,  Greatness-Littleness. 

in'-fl-nite-ly.  Greatly.  Infinity,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness. 

in'-fi-nite-ness .     Greatness.     Infinity. 

in-fin"-i-tes'-i-mal.  Infinitely  small.  Greatness-Lit- 
tleness, Magnitude-Smallness;  infinitesimal  cal- 
culus, Numbering. 

in-fin'-i-tive.  The  mode  of  a  verb  used  as  a  noun. 
Verb. 

in-fin'-i-tude.     The  quality  of  being  infinite.    Infinity. 

in-fin'-i-ty.  Boundlessness.  Extension  -  District, 
Infinity,  Magnitude-Smallness. 


INFINITY. 
The  state  or  condition  of  being  infinite. 


See  Ad- 


Infiniteness,  etc. 
jecttves. 

Infinitude,  etc.     The  state  of  being  without  limits.     See  Adjectives. 

Infinity,  etc.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  immeasurable  and  un- 
bounded; absolute  and  unconditioned      See  Adjectives. 

Perpetuity,  etc.      The  quality  or  state  of  being  infinite  in  duration. 
See  Duration-Neverness. 


Infinity — Adjectives. 

Boundless.     Having  no  bounds. 

Countless.     That  cannot  be  counted. 

Endless.     Without  end. 

Exhaustless.     That  cannot  be  exhausted. 

Illimitable.     That  cannot  be  limited. 

Illimited.     Not  limited  or  bounded. 

Immeasurable.     That  cannot  be  estimated  by  comparison  with  aorr>»- 

thing  else. 
Immense.     Incapable  of  measurement. 
Incalculable.     So  great  that  an  estimate  cannot  be  formed. 
Incomprehensible.     That  cannot  be  grasped  mentally. 
Indefinite.     So  large  as  to  have  no  precise  limits. 
Infinite.    Having  no  bounds  or  limits;  absolute  and  unconditioned . 
Innumerable.     So  numerous  as  not  to  be  counted. 
Interminable.     Having  no  limit  or  end. 
Limitless.     Without  limits. 

Measureless.     Having  no  standard  great  enough  to  be  measured  by. 
Numberless .     Not  1  o  be  counted . 

Perpetual,  etc.     Infinite  in  duration.     See  Duration-Neverness. 
Sumless.     Not  to  be  computed. 
Termless.     Boundless. 

Unapproachable .     That  may  not  be  reached. 
Unbounded.     Having  no  known  bounds. 
Unfathomable.     Infinite  in  depth. 
Unlimited.     Having  no  limits. 
Unmeasured.     Not  measured. 
Unnumbered.     Indefinitely  numerous. 
Untold.     Not  numbered. 
Without  end. 


Infinity — Verbs. 


Be  infinite  etc. 
Go  on  forever. 


See  Adjectives. 
To  be  perpetual. 


Without  limit. 
Without  measure. 
Without  number. 


Infinite. 


Infinity — Adverbs. 


Have  no  bounds.)  ™  ...  , 

„  ...         c  To  go  on  without  end. 

Have  no  limits.    I 

Know  no  bounds.)  «,   ,        ...  , 

Know  no  limits,    f  To  be  mthout  emL 


Ad  infinitum  [L.fl.     To  an  infinite  degree  or  extent;  endlessly. 
Infinitely,  etc.    See  Adjectives. 


in-firm'.         Lacking  strength.  Health-Sickness, 

Strength-Weakness,  Virtue-Vice;  infirm  of  pur- 
pose, Bravery-Cowardice,  Determination- Vacil- 
lation. 

in-fir'-ma-ry.  A  place  for  treatment  of  the  sick. 
Remedy-Bane. 

in-fir'-mi-ty.  Weakness;  enfeebling  disease.  Health- 
Sickness,  Strength-Weakness,  Virtue-Vice. 

in-fix'.   Fasten  in.    Education-Misteaching. 

in-flame'.  Excite  flame  or  passion  in.  Excitation, 
Favorite-Anger,  Heating-Cooling,  Turbulence- 
Calmness,  Vigor-Inertia. 

in-flam"-ma-bil'-i-ty.  Capable  of  being  set  on  fire. 
Heating-Cooling. 

in-flam'-ma-ble.  Easily  set  on  fire.  Chemistry,  Com- 
bustible, Heating-Cooling. 

in"-flam-ma'-tion.  Setting  on  fire ;  morbid  process  in 
the  body. 

in-flate'.  Swell.  Conceit-Diffidence,  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  River-Wind,  Terseness-Prolixity. 

in-fla'-ted.  Bombastic;  puffed  up.  Conceit-Diffi- 
dence, Simplicity -Floridness,  Society -Ludi. 
crousness. 

in-fla'-tion.  Expansion.  Enlargement-Diminution, 
River-Wind,,  Simplicity-Floridness,  Solidity- 
Rarity. 

in-fleet'.  Vary  the  form  of.  Curvation-Rectilinear- 
ity. 

in-flec'-tion.  The  changes  undergone  by  words  to  ex- 
press their  relations  and  attributes.    Verb. 

in-flex"-i-bil'-i-ty.  Firmness.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Curvation-Rectilinearity,     Hardness-Softness. 

in-flex'-i-ble.  Unyielding;  rigH.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Determination-Vac- 
illation, Hardness-Softness,  Harshness-Mild- 
ness. 

in-flex'-ion.  A  bending;  changes  in  form  of  words. 
Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Grammar-Solecism. 


INFLICT. 


540 


INHABITANT. 


in-flict'.  Lay  on;  cause  to  suffer.  Action-Passive- 
ness,  Harshness-Mildness;  inflict  evil,  Goodness- 
Badness;  inflict  pain,  Pleasurableness  -  Pain- 
fulness,  Sensuality-Suffering;  inflict  punish- 
ment, EXCULPATION-PUNITION. 

in-flic'-tion.  Pain;  punishment.  Pleasure-Pain, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Recompense-Pu- 
nition,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

in-flic'-tive.  Conveying  an  infliction.  Exculpation- 
Punition. 

in'-flu-ence.  Affect;  induce;  sway.  Agency,  Domi- 
nance-Impotence, Might  -  Impotence,  Motive- 
Caprice,  Mutation-Permanence,  Rule-License 

in"-flu-en'-tial.  Having  the  power  of  influence. 
Might-Impotence,  Rule-License. 

in"-flu-en'-za.     Violent  catarrh.     Health-Sickness. 

in'-flux.  Continuous  coming  or  flowing  in.  En- 
trance-Exit. 

in-fold'.     Enclose.     Enclosure. 

in-form'.  Impart  information.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy;  inform  against,  Justification-Charge, 
Litigation. 

in-form'-al.  Irregular.  Conventionality-Unconven- 
tionality,  Law-Lawlessness. 

in"-for-mal'-i-ty.  Want  of  regular  form.  Conven- 
tionality- Unconventionality,  Law-Lawless- 
ness, Observance-Nonobservance. 

in-form'-ant.  An  informer.  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

in"-for-ma'-tion.  Knowledge  acquired;  a  complaint. 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Knowledge-Ignorance, 
Litigation,  Tidings-Mystery;  pick  up  information, 
Education-Learning. 

in-formed'.  Given  information.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 

in-form'-er.  One  who  informs  against  others.  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Justification  -  Charge, 
Messenger. 

in-form'-i-ty.     Shapelessness.    Form-Formlessness. 

infra  dignitatem  [L.]  (in'-fra  dig-ni-te'-tem) .  Beneath 
dignity.  Reputation- Discredit,  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

in-frac'-tion.  Infringement.  Duty-Dereliction,  In- 
subordination-Obedience, Observance-Nonob- 
servance; infraction  of  usage,  etc. ,  Conventional- 
ity-Unconventionality,  Habit-Desuetude. 

in-fran'-gi-ble.  Not  breakable.  Cohesion-Looseness, 
Solidity-Rarity. 

in-fre'-quen-cy.  Rareness.  Frequency-Rarity,  Mul- 
tiplicity-Paucity. 

in-fre'-quent.     Not  often.    Multiplicity-Paucity. 

in-frig' -i-da'-tion.     A  chilling.     Heating-Cooling. 

in-fringe'.  Transgress;  violate.  Dueness-Undueness, 
Duty-Dereliction,  Insubordination-Obedience, 
Observance  -  Nonobservance,  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming;  infringe  a  law,  etc.,  Convention- 
ality-Unconventionality. 

in-fringe'-ment.  Violation.  Insubordination-Obedi- 
ence, Observance-Nonobservance,  Transcur- 
sion-Shortcoming. 

in'-f u-mate .  To  cure  or  dry  by  smoking.  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation. 

in"-fun-dib'-u-lar.  Infundibuliform.  Aperture-Clo- 
sure, Convexity-Concavity. 

in"-fun-dib'-u-li-form".  Funnel-shaped.  Convexity- 
Concavity. 

in-fu'-ri-ate.  Enrage.  Excitation,  Favorite-Anger, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

in-fus'-cate.     Darken.     Whiteness-Blackness. 

in"-fus-ca'-tion.     Darkness.     Whiteness-Blackness. 

in-fuse'.  Instil;  pour  in.  Education-Misteaching, 
Injection-Ejection,  Mixture-Homogeneity;  in- 
fuse courage,  Bravery-Cowardice;  infuse  life  into, 
Excitation;  infuse  new  blood,  Betterment-Dete- 
rioration. 


Representation  of  an  art- 
Nature-Art,  Skill-Un- 


in-fu'-si-ble.  Incapable  of  being  melted.  Solidity- 
Rarity. 

in-fu'-sion.  Instillation;  steeping.  Education-Mis- 
teaching, Injection-Ejection,  Liquefaction- 
Volatilization,  Mixture-Homogeneity. 

in"-fu-so'-ri-a.  A  division  of  the  animal  kingdom. 
Greatness-Littleness. 

in"-gan-na'-tion.     Deception.    Truthfulness-Fraud. 

in-gath'-er-ing.  Act  of  gathering  in.  Gathering- 
Scattering. 

in-gem'-i-nate.    To  repeat.    Doubling-Halving. 

in-gem"-i-na'-tion.     Repetition.     Doubling-Halving. 

in-gen'-er-ate.  Inborn.  Subjectiveness-Objective- 
ness. 

in-ge'-nious.  Evincing  skill  or  cleverness.  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness. 

in-ge'-nite.    Innate.    Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 

ingenium,  perfervidum  [L.]  (in-ji'-ni-um  per-fer'-vicl- 
um).     Overheated  genius.  Activity-Indolence. 

ingenium  sine  mixtura  dementia  fuit,  nullum  mag- 
num [L.]  (in-ji'-ni-um  sai'-ni  mix-tiu'-ra  di-men'- 
shi-i  fiu'-it,  nul'-lum  mag'-num).  No  great  genius 
was  ever  without  a  mixture  of  madness.  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 

ingenu  [F.]  (an'-zhe-nii').  Frank.  Craft-Aktless- 
ness. 

ingenue  [F.]  (an'-zhe-nu'). 
less  character.     Acting. 

in"-ge-nu'-i-ty.    Cleverness. 

SKILFULNESS. 

in-gen'-u-ous.  Candid.  Craft-Artlessness,  Nature- 
Art,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

in-gen'-u-ous-ness.  Candor.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

in-gest'.     To  take  in.     Admission-Expulsion. 

in-ges'-ta.  Things  taken  into  the  body  as  food.  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion. 

in-ges'-tion.  Act  of  taking  in.  Admission-Expulsion, 
Biology. 

in'-gle.    A  fire  or  fireplace.    Combustible. 

in-glo'-ri-ous.  Shameful.  Reputation-Discredit, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

in-glo'-ri-ous-ness.  Shamefulness.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

in'-got.    A  bar  of  gold  or  silver  for  coining.    Money. 

in-graft'.  Insert  for  propagation ;  implant.  Addition- 
SuBTRACTroN,  Education-Misteaching,  Injection- 
Ejection,  Union-Disunion. 

in-graft'-ed.  Implanted.  Habit-Desuetude,  Subjec- 
tiveness-Objectiveness. 

in-grain'.    Dye;  fix  deeply.    Color-Achromatism,  En- 

VIRONMENTjlNTERPOSITION. 

in-grained'.  Fixed  deeply.  Affections,  Composition- 
Resolution,  Habit-Desuetude,  Subjectiveness- 
Objectiveness. 

in'-grate".  Ungrateful.  Thankfulness-Thankless- 
ness. 

in-gra'-ti-ate.    Bring  into  favor.    Love-Hate. 

in-gra'-ti-a-ting.  Rendering  pleasant.  Politeness- 
Impoliteness. 

in-grat'-i-tude.  Lack  of  gratitude.  Thankfulness- 
Thanklessness. 

in-gre'-di-ent.    Component.    Constituent-Alien. 

in'-gress.    Going  in.    Entrance-Exit,  Transmission. 

in-gur'-gi-tate.  Swallow  greedily.  Admission-Expul- 
sion. 

in-gur"-gi-ta'-tion.  Greedy  swallowing.  Admission- 
Expulsion. 

in-gus'-ta-ble.     Tasteless.     Savor-Tastelessness. 

in-hab'-ile.     Incompetent.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

in-hab'-it.  Live  in.  Dweller-Habitation,  Estab- 
lishment-Removal, Presence-Absence. 

in-hab"-i-ta'-tion.      Indwelling.      Presence-Absence. 

in-hab'-it-ant.     A  resident.     Dweller-Habitation. 


INHABITED. 


541 


I NJECTION—  EJECTION. 


in-hab'-it-ed.    Populated.     Dweller-Habitation. 

in-hab'-it-ing.     Living  in.     Dweller-Habitation. 

in"-ha-la'-tion.  Act  of  inhaling.  Admission-Expul- 
sion. 

in-hale'.  Inspire.  Anatomy,  Odor-Inodorousness, 
Sweetness-Acidity. 

in"-har-mo'-ni-ous.  Disagreeing;  discordant.  Melody- 
Dissonance;  inharmonious  color,  Color-Achroma- 
tism; inharmonious  sound,  Melody-Dissonance. 

in-her'-ence.  Permanent  existence  in  something.  Sub- 
jectiven  ess-Ob  jectiveness. 

in  her'-ent.      Intrinsic.      Subjectiveness-Objective- 

NESS. 

in-her'-it.  Receive  by  nature  from  ancestors.  Gain- 
Loss,  Holding-Exemption,  Property. 

in-her'-it-ance.  That  which  is  inherited.  Gain-Loss, 
Holding-Exemption,  Property;  inheritance  of  the 
saints,  Heaven-Hell. 

in-her'-it-ed.  Received  by  nature  from  ancestors.  Sub- 
jectiveness-Objectiveness. 

in-her'-it-or.    One  who  inherits.    Holder. 

in-her'-it-ress.    One  who  inherits  (a  female) .    Holder. 

in-her'-it-rix.    A  female  inheritor.    Holder. 

in-he'-sion.  Inherence.  Subjectiveness-Objectivk- 
ness. 

in-hib'-it.  Restrain;  prohibit.  Leave-Prohibition, 
Obstruction-Help,  Release-Restraint. 

in"-hi-bi'-tion.  Restriction.  Leave-Prohibition,  Ob- 
struction-Help. 

in-hos'-pi-ta-ble.  Not  hospitable.  Sociability-Pri- 
vacy. 

in-hos'-pi-ta-ble-ness.  Want  of  sociability.  Socia- 
bility-Privacy. 

in-hos"-pi-tal'-i-ty.  Want  of  hospitality.  Sociability- 
Privacy. 


in-hu'-man.     Cruel.     Charitableness-Malevolence. 

in"-hu-mane'.  Disposed  to  cruelty.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Humanitarianism-Misanthropy. 

in-hu-man'-i-ty.  Want  of  humanity.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence. 

in"-hu-ma'-tion.    A  burial.    Life-Funeral. 

in-hume'.     Inter.    Life-Funeral. 

in"-im-ag'-i-na-ble.  Inconceivable.  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance, Likelihood-Unlikelihood,  Possibility- 
Impossibility. 

in-im'-i-cal.      Adverse.     Amity -Hostility,  Antago 

NISM-CONCURRENCE. 

in-im'-i-ta-ble.  Matchless;  surpassingly  excellent 
Faultlessness  -  Faultiness,  Goodness  -  Badness, 
Imitation-Originality,   Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

in-iq'-ui-tous.  Characterized  by  iniquity.  Right- 
Wrong,  Virtue- Vice. 

in-iq'-ui-ty.  Wickedness.  Right-Wrong,  Virtue- 
Vice  ;  worker  of  iniquity,  Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

in-ir"-ri-ta-bil'-i-ty.  Lack  of  irritableness.  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability. 

in-ir'-ri-ta-ble.  Lacking  irritableness.  Excitability- 
Inexcitability. 

in-i'-tial.  Standing  at  the  beginning.  Beginning-End; 
initial  letter,  Engraving. 

in-i'-ti-ate.  Begin;  instruct  in  rudiments.  Beginning- 
End,  Education-Misteaching. 

in-i'-ti-a"-ted.      Instructed  in  rudiments.      Skill-L'n- 

SKILFULNESS. 

in-i"-ti-a'-tion.    Admission  into  a  society.    Becinning- 

End. 
in-i'-ti-a-tive.    Serving  to  initiate.    Beginning-End. 
in-i'-ti-a-to"-ry.     Introductory.     Beginning-End. 
in-ject'.     Force  in.     Injection-Ejection,  Water-Air 
in-jec'-tion.    Act  of  injecting.    Injection-Ejection. 


INJECTION— EJECTION. 


Bath.  The  act  of  plunging  into,  or  exposing  the  body  to  water,  etc., 
for  purposes  of  cleanliness,  etc.     See  Water. 

Dip.  The  action  of  dipping  or  plunging  for  a  moment  into  a 
liquid. 

Forcible  ingress.     The  act  of  making  entrance  by  main  force. 

Immersion.     The  act  of  dipping  entirely  under  water. 

Implantation.     The  act  of  planting  for  the  purpose  of  growth. 

Importation.     The  act  of  bringing  in  from  abroad. 

Infusion.     The  act  of  pouring  in. 

Ingress,  etc.     The  act  of  entering. 

Injection.     The  act  of  throwing  or  forcing  in. 

Inoculation.     The  insertion  of  virus  through  the  skin. 

Insertion.     The  act  of  placing  between  or  among  other  things. 

Insinuation,  etc.  The  act  of  introducing  gradually.  See  Environ- 
ment-Interposition. 

Interment,  etc.  The  act  of  depositing  a  dead  body  in  the  earth.  See 
Life-Funeral. 

Introduction.     The  act  of  leading  or  bringing  in. 

Planting,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Plunge.     The  act  of  thrusting  into  or  submerging. 

Submersion.     The  act  of  placing  under  water. 

Injection — Verbs. 

Bathe.     To  put  into  water  to  wash. 

Bud.     To  graft  by  inserting  a  bud  into  the  slit  bark. 

Bury,  etc.     To  place  under  the  earth.     See  Life-Funeral. 

Dip.     To  immerse  temporarily. 

Dove-tail.     To  fix  together  by  interlocking  the  joints. 

Drive  in .     To  push  in  forcibly. 

Drop  in.     To  let  fall  in. 

Embed .     To  sink  or  lay  in . 

Empierce.     To  make  a  hole  into. 

Graft.     To  insert  a  shoot  from  one  tree  or  plant  into  another 

Imbrue.     To  soak  into. 

Imbue.     To  cause  to  become  pervaded  with. 

Immerge .     To  plunge  into  or  under. 

Immerse.     To  place  entirely  under  some  fluid. 

Impact.     To  drive  firmly  together. 

Implant.      To  plant  for  the  purpose  of  growth. 


Avulsion.     A  forcible  tearing  away. 

Ejection,  etc.     The  act  of  putting  out  suddenly  and  violently.     See 

Admission -Expulsion. 
Eliminating.     The  getting  rid  of  something. 
Elimination.     The.  removal  of  some  useless  or  offensive  feature. 
Eradication.     The  act  of  removing  entirely. 
Evolution.     The  act  of  unfolding  or  unrolling. 
Evulsion.     The  act  of  plucking  out. 
Export.     The  act  of  carrying  or  sending  abroad. 
Expression.     The  act  of  pressing  out  by  force. 
Extermination.     The  act  of  removing  by  destroying  utterly. 
Extirpation.     The  act  of  getting  rid  of  something  undesirable  by 

totally  destroying  it.  * 

Extract.     That  which  is  drawn  out. 
Extracting.     A  drawing  out. 
Extraction.     The  act  of  drawing  out. 

Removal.     The  act  of  moving  from  one  position  to  another. 
Squeezing.     The  act  of  forcing  out  by  pressing. 
Wrench.     The  act  of  removing  by  twisting  suddenly  and  with  force. 

Ejection — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Corkscrew.     An  instrument  with  a  spiral  for  drawing  corks  from 

bottles. 
Extractor.     A  forceps  or  instrument  for  extracting  substances. 
Forceps.     An  instrument  for  grasping,  holding  firmly,  or  extracting 

substances. 
Pliers.     A  small  pincers  with  long  jaws,  used  for  bending  or  cutting 

metal  rods. 

Ejection — Verbs. 
Averruncate.l  «, 
Draw.  |  To  root  up. 

Draw  out.     To  remove  by  pulling. 

Dredge.     To  clean  out,  as  the  bottom  of  a  river    with  a  machine 

adapted  for  that  purpose. 
Educe.     To  draw  out. 
Elicit.     To  draw  out  by  some  inducement. 
Eliminate.     To  remove  as  undesirable. 
Eradicate.     To  remove  entirely. 
Eviscerate.     To  disembowel. 
Evolve.     To  unfold  or  unroll. 


INJECTION— EJECTION. 


542 


INNOCENCE— GUILT. 


INJECTION— EJECTION— Continued. 


INJECTION— Vkrbs— Continued, 

Import.     To  bring  or  carry  in. 

Impregnate.     To  saturate  thoroughly  with  another  substance. 

Infuse .     To  pour  in . 

Ingraft.     To  insert  a  graft. 

Inject.     To  put  into  by  force. 

Inoculate.     To  communicate  by  inserting. 

Insert.     To  put  between  or  among  other  things. 

Insert  itself.     To  fix  in  a  certain  place. 

Instil.     To  imbue  drop  by  drop. 

Interject.     To  throw  in  among  other  things. 

Introduce.     To  bring  or  lead  in. 

Intromit.     To  send  into. 

Merge.     To  cause  to  be  swallowed  up  in  something  else. 

Obtrude.     To  thrust  in  or  upon  in  an  unwarranted  manner. 

Plant.     To  set  in  the  ground  for  growth. 

Plunge,  etc.     To  thrust  suddenly  into.     See  Spring-Dive. 

Plunge  in  tnedias  res  [L  J.     To  leap  into  the  middle  of  things. 

Pop  in.     To  enter  suddenly  and  unexpectedly. 

Press  in.     To  enter  in  by  exerting  weight. 

P   t  'nto  i  ^*°  ^x  *n  a  certa*n  place  or  position. 

Ram  in.     To  drive  in  with  great  force. 

Run  into.     To  insert  suddenly  and  forcibly. 

Soak,  etc.     To  penetrate  thoroughly.     See  Water. 

Stick  in.     To  fix  in  place  by  inserting. 

Stuff  in.     To  crowd  into. 

Thrust  in.     To  shove  in  with  force. 

Tuck  in.     To  fold  under. 


Injection — Adjectives. 
Inserted,  etc.     See  Verbs. 


EJECTION— Verbs—  Continued. 

Exculpate.     To  free  from  unjust  blame. 

Express.     To  send  out  by  special  messenger. 

Extirpate.     To  get  rid  of  by  destroying. 

Extort.     To  take  from  by  violence;  to  twist  out. 

Extract.     To  pull  out  by  a  steady  exertion  of  force. 

Extricate.     To  free  from  entanglement. 

Get  out.     To  procure  frpm. 

G™b  up!*}  To  dig  up  by  the  roots' 

Pick  out.     To  take  from  by  selection. 

Pluck  out.     To  remove  by  quick  jerks. 

Pluck  up  by  the  roots.     To  eradicate  by  a  sudden  effort. 

Pull  out.  I  ™     ,  ,  .      , 

Pull  uo    I        draw  out  DV  f°rce. 

Pull  up  by  the  roots.     To  eradicate  forcibly. 
P  .  I  To  scratch  out  and  up  together. 

Remove.     To  move  from  one  position  to  another. 

Roottup!'}Toeradicate- 

Squeeze  out.     To  force  out  by  pressing. 

Take  out.     To  carry  off. 

Tear  out.     To  pull  out  violently. 

Unroot.     To  remove  by  destroying  utterly. 

Uproot.     To  eradicate. 

Weed  out.)  To  free  from  some  harmful  element,  any  one  pulling 

Weed  up.  /      weeds  out  or  up. 

Wrench.     To  remove  by  twisting  suddenly  and  forcibly. 

Wring  from.     To  twist  out  by  pressing. 


Extracted,  etc. 


Ejection — A  djectives. 
See  Verbs. 


in"-ju-di'-cial.     Not  judicial.     Law-Lawlessness. 

in"-ju-di'-cious.     Indiscreet.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

in-junc'-tion.  Mandate;  precept;  prohibition.  Advice, 
Leave-Prohibition,  Order. 

in'-jure.  Inflict  harm.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Charitableness-Malevolence,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness. 

in'-jured.  Damaged.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Embellishment-  Disfigurement,  Faultiness- 

Faultlessness,  Propriety-Impropriety. 

injuria  jormm  spretoe  [L.]  (in-ju'-ri-a  for'-mi  spri'-ti). 
The  wrong  of  slighted  beauty.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

in'-ju-ry.  Damage;  harm.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Good-Evil, 
Goodness-Badness. 

in-jus'-tice.     Wrong.     Right-Wrong. 

ink.  A  writing  fluid.  Whiteness-Blackness;  before 
the  ink  is  dry,  Earliness-Lateness;  pen  and  ink, 
Writing-Printing. 

ink'-bot"-tle.  A  bottle  for  holding  ink.  Writing- 
Printing. 

in'-kle.     Broad  linen  tape.     Connective. 

ink'-ling.  Slight  intimation.  Desire-Distaste,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Hypothesis,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance. 

ink'-plant".  A  plant  whose  fruit  contains  a  reddish 
fluid  used  as  ink.     Writing-Printing. 

ink'-y.     Black.     Whiteness-Blackness. 


in'-land.    The  interior  of  a  country.    Outside-Inside. 

in-lay'.     Decorate.     Variegation. 

in'-let".  Small  body  of  water  leading  to  a  larger;  an 
opening.  Aperture-Closure,  Beginning-End,  En- 
trance-Exit, Gulf-Plain,  Interspace-Contact. 

in'-ly.     Inwardly.     Outside-Inside. 

in'-mate.  One  who  occupies  a  place  with  others. 
Dweller-Habitation. 

in'-most".  Deepest  within.  Outside-Inside;  inmost 
soul,  Affections;  inmost  thoughts,  Mind-Imbe- 
cility; to  the  inmost  core,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

inn.  Public  house  for  entertainment  of  travelers. 
Dweller-Habitation. 

in'-nate".     Inborn.     Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 

in-nav'-i-ga-ble.  Impassable  by  ships.  Possibility- 
Impossibility. 

in'-ner.  Interior.  Oijtside-Inside;  inner  coating, 
Cover-Lining;  inner  man,  Affections,  Mind-Im- 
becility. 

in'-ner-most" .  Deepest  within.  Outside-Inside;  in- 
nermost recesses,  Outside-Inside. 

in'-nings.  A  tract  of  land  reclaimed  from  the  sea;  a 
turn  at  the  bat;  an  ingathering.  Gain-Loss,  Ocean- 
Land,  Outlay-Income. 

inn'-keep"-er.  The  manager  of  an  inn.  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

in'-no-cence.  Freedom  from  guilt.  Craft-Artless- 
ness,  Innocence-Guilt,  Virtue-Vice. 


INNOCENCE— GUILT. 


Guiltlessness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  free  from  guilt      See  Adjec- 
tives. 
Impeccability.     The  state  of  being  incapable  of  sinning. 
Incorruption.     Freedom  from  moral  depravity. 
Innocence.     The  state  of  having  no  harmful  influence. 

Innocence — Associated  Nouns. 

Clean  hands.     Hands  not  stained  with  guilt. 
Clear  conscience.     One  not  troubled  by  remorse  for  evil  done. 
M ens  sibi  consica  recti  [L. |.     A  mind  conscious  of  uprightness.    [Vir- 
gil, Aineid,  i,  604.] 


Atrocity.     Extreme  wickedness. 
Blot.     A  cause  of  reproach. 
Corpus  delicti  [L.Q.     The  body  of  the  crime. 
Crime.     An  offense  against  some  human  or  divine  law. 
■  Criminality.     That  which  constitutes  a  crime. 
Criminousness.     The  state  of  being  very  wicked. 
Culpability.     The  state  of  deserving  blame. 
Deadly  sin.     A  crime  punishable  with  death. 

Deed  without  a  name.     An  act  of  the  greatest  heinousness  or  wicked- 
ness.    [Shakespeare,  Macbeth,  IV,  i.fl 
Delinquency.     A  neglect  of  duty. 


INNOCENCE. 


543 


INNOXIOUS. 


INNOCENCE— GUILT—  Continued. 


Innocence — Nouns  of  Agent, 


Dove.     A  bird,  the  symbol  of  innocence  and  gentleness. 
Innocent.     A  person  free  from  guilt  or  sin. 
Lamb.     A  person  innocent  or  gentle  as  a  lamb. 

Innocence — Verbs. 

Acquit,  etc.     To  declare  innocent.     See  Exculpation. 

Be  innocent,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Exculpate,  etc.  To  clear  from  an  unjust  charge  of  guilt.  See  Justi- 
fication. 

Nil  conscire  sibi  nulla  palescere  culpa  [L.].  To  be  conscious  of  no 
fault.     [Horace,  Epistles,  i, i,  6 1 .] 

Innocence — Adiectives. 

Above  suspicion.     Too  innocent  to  be  suspected. 

Arcadian,  etc.     Simple  and  innocent.     See  Craft-Artlessnbss. 

Blameless.     Free  from  anything  worthy  of  censure. 

Clear.     Free  from  guilt. 

Dove-like.     Inoffensive  and  innocent. 

Faultless.     Free  from  even  a  slight  offense. 

Guiltless.     Free  from  wrong-doing. 

Harmless.     Not  inflicting  injury. 

Harmless  as  doves.  Harmless  in  an  extreme  degree.  [Matthew  x,  16.] 

Immaculate.     Without  moral  blemish. 

Inculpable.     That  cannot  be  charged  with  wrong-doing. 

Inerrable.     Not  able  to  go  astray  morally. 

Innocent.     Not  having  done  wrong. 

Innocent  as  a  lamb.     Very  gentle  and  innocent. 

Innocent  as  the  babe  unborn.     Incapable  of  doin«  wrong. 

Innocuous.  I  TT     .  ...  .... 

Innoxious.  /  HavmS  no  injurious  qualities. 

Inoffensive.     Doing  no  harm. 

Irreprehensible.     That  cannot  justly  be  blamed. 

Irreproachable.     That  cannot  be  iound  fault  with. 

Irreprovable.     That  cannot  be  censured  with  justice. 

Lamb-like.     Gentle  and  innocent. 

More  sinned  against  than  sinning.    [Shakespeare,  Lear,  III,  ii.] 

Not  guilty.     Having  done  nothing  wrong. 

Pure.     Free  from  moral  corruption. 

Rectus  in  curia  [L.].     Upright  in  the  court:  with  clean  hands. 

Salvable.     Capable  of  being  saved. 

Saturnian.     Marked  by  simple  innocence,  as  in  the  golden  age,  when 

Saturn  ruled  the  gods  and  men. 
Sinless.     Perfectly  innocent. 

Spotless.     Free  from  any  blemish  on  moral  character. 
Stainless.     Free  from  every  moral  taint. 
Unblamable.     That  cannot  be  found  fault  with. 
Unblamed.     Free  from  censure- 
Unblemished.     Not  marred  by  guilt. 
Unculpable.     That  cannot  be  censured. 
Undefined,  etc.     Not  mado  impure.     See  Uprightness. 
Unerring.     Not  going  astray  morally. 
Unexceptionable.     That  cannot  be  taken  exception  to. 
Unguilty.     Not  guilty. 
Unhardened.     Not  made  indifferent  to  sin. 
Unimpeachable.     Faultless. 
Unimpeached.     Not  accused  of  guilt. 
Unobjectionable .     That  cannot  be  found  fault  with. 
Unreproached.     Not  found  fault  with. 
Unreproved.     Not  censured 
Unspotted.     Not  tainted  with  guilt. 
Venial,  etc.     Excusable.     See  Justification. 
Virtuous.     Characterized  by  moral  excellence. 

Innocence — Adverbs. 

Innocently,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
With  a  clear  conscience.') 
With  a  safe  conscience.    >  Blameless. 
With  clean  hands.  ) 


Dereliction.     Wilful  omission  of  duty. 

Deviation  from  rectitude,  etc.     A  turning  aside  from  uprightness  in 

principles  and  conduct.     See  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 
Enormity.     An  exceeding  offense  against  order,  right,  or  decency. 
Error.     The  condition  of  going  astray  morally 
Failing.     A  small  fault,  perhaps. 
Failure.     A  slight  fault. 
Fault.     A  neglect  of  duty. 

Faux  pas  [F.J.     A  false  step;  a  breach  of  good  breeding. 
Felony.     A  crime  punishable  by  death  or  imprisonment. 
Flaw.     A  moral  defect. 
Guilt.     The  state  of  being  liable  to  punishment  on  account  of  wrong- 

doing. 
Guiltiness.     The  state  of  being  conscious  of  wrong-doing. 
Indiscretion.     An  imprudent  act. 
Lapse.     A  falling  away  from  virtue. 
Malefaction.     A  flagrant  offense  against  the  law. 
Malfeasance.     Evil  conduct  in  general. 
Malpractice.     Improper  conduct. 
Malversation.     Corrupt  practises,  especially  in  office. 
Misbehavior.     A  guilty  manner  of  conducting  oneself. 
Misconduct.     Improper  behavior. 
Misdeed.     A  wrong  act. 
Misdemeanor.     A  wrong-doing. 
Misdoing.     A  wrong  done. 

Misfeasance.     The  improper  doing  of  a  lawful  act. 
Misprision.     The  concealment  of  a  high  offense. 
Mortal  sin.     A  sin  worthy  of  death;  a  deadly  sin. 
Offense.     An  open  violation  of  law. 
Omission.     Neglect  to  perform  a  duty. 
Outrage.     A  gross  violation  of  right  or  decency. 
Peccadillo .     A  trifling  offense. 
Sin.     A  violation  of  divine  law. 
Sinfulness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  prone  to  violate  the  divine  lav. 

See  Virtue-Vice. 
Slip.     An  unintentional  error. 
Transgression.     The  act  of  violating  a  law. 
Trespass.     To  violate  the  rights  of  another. 
Trip.     A  false  step  in  conduct. 

Guilt — A  djectives. 
Blameworthy.     Worthy  of  being  treated  with  disapproval. 
Censurable.     Deserving  to  be  found  fault  with. 
Culpable.     Deserving  of  censure  or  blame. 
Exceptionable.     Open  to  objection. 
Guilt-sick.     Sick  with  guilt. 
Guilty.     Conscious  of  wrong-doing. 
Illaudable.     Worthy  of  disparagement. 
In  fault.     In  the  wrong. 
Peccable.     Liable  to  sin. 
Reprehensible.     Worthy  of  reproof. 
To  blame.     To  be  found  fault  with. 
Uncommendable.     Not  worthy  of  praise. 
Weighed   in   the   balance    and    found     wanting.     Guilty;  "tekei.1 

[Daniel  v,  27. J 

Guilt — Adverbs 
In  flagrante  delicto  [L.[|.~| 

In  the  very  act.  > In  the  very  act  of  committing  a  crime. 

Red-banded.  J 

Guilt — Phrases. 
Culpam  p&na  prentit  comes    [L.|.       Punishment  presses  close  upoi 

crime.    [Horace,  Odes,  4,  5,  25.] 
Facinus  quos  inquinat  cequat    [L.J.       Crime  reduces  those  whom  ii 

stains  to  one  level.     [Lucan,  5,  290.3 


INNOCENCE— Continued. 
Innocence — Phrases. 
Fin  Mat,kein  Mai  [G.|.     Just  once,  nothing  counts. 
Murus  ceneus  conscientia  sana  [L.fl.      A  sound  conscience  is  a  waft  of 

brass.     [Horace,  Epistles,  1,  1,  607.3 
Notre  Dame  [F.IJ.     Our  Lady;  the  Blessed  Virgin. 


in'-no-cent.  Guiltless;  naive;  foolish.  Craft-Art- 
lessness, Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Healthiness-Unhealthiness,  Innocence- 
Guilt,  Sage-Fool,  Uprightness-Dishonesty,  Vir- 
tue-Vice. 

in'-no-cent-ly.     Guiltlessly.     Innocence-Guilt. 

in-noc'-u-ous.  Harmless.  Goodness-Badness, 

Healthiness-Unhealthiness,  Innocence-Guilt. 


in-nom'-i-nate.      Without  specific  name.      Namk-Mis 
nomer. 

in'-no-vate.      To  make  innovations.      Mutation-Per 
manence. 

in/'-no-va'-tion.  Introduction  of  somethingnew.  Devia- 
tion, Mutation-Permanence,  Novelty-Antiquity. 

in-nox'-ious.     Innocuous.     Healthiness-Unhealthi- 
ness, Innocence-Guilt. 


INNUENDO. 


544 


INSCROLL. 


in"-nu-en'-do.      Hint.    ^Approval-Disapproval,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Manifestation-Latency. 
in-nu'-mer-a-ble.     Countless.     Infinity. 
in-nu-tri'-tious.      Not  nourishing.      Healthiness-Un- 

HEALTHINESS. 

in-ob-jec'-tion-a-ble.        Not  objectionable.        Faulti- 

ness-Faultlessness. 
in"-ob-serv'-ance.       Non-observance.       Observance- 

NONOBSER VANCE. 

in-oc"-cu-pa'-tion.  Want  of  occupation.  Action- 
Passiveness. 

in-oc'-u-late.  Communicate  disease;  insert;  imbue. 
Education-Misteaching,  Injection-Ejection,  Mo- 
tive-Caprice. 

in-oc"-u-la'-tion.  Insertion  of  a  virus.  Education- 
Misteaching,  Injection-Ejection. 

in-o'-dor-ate.  To  make  odors.  Odor-Inodorous- 
ness. 

in-o'-dor-ous.    Havingnoodor.    Odor-Inodorousness. 

in"-of-fen'-sive.  Giving  no  offense.  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Innocence-Guilt. 

in"-of-fi'-cious.  Not  civil.  Charitableness-Malev- 
olence. 

in-op'-er-a-tive.  Ineffectual.  Fertility-Sterility, 
Might-Impotence,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

in-op"-por-tune'.  Unseasonable.  Opportuneness- 
Unsuitableness,  Propriety-Impropriety. 

in-op"-por-tune'-ly.  Unseasonably.  Opportune- 
ness-Unsuitableness. 

in-or'-di-nate.  Excessive.  Excess-Lack,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness. 

in-or'-di-nate-ly.     Immoderately.     Magnitude-Small- 


in"-or-gan'-ic.  Not  organic.  Inorganic  chemistry, 
Chemistry. 

in-or"-gan-i-za'-tion.  Condition  of  being  unorganized 
Organization-Inorganization. 

in"-or-nate'.  Unadorned.  Embellishment-Sim- 
plicity. 

in-os'-cu-late.  Unite  by  contact  of  openings.  Circle- 
Winding,  Crossing,  Union-Disunion. 

in-os"-cu-la'-tion.  Union  by  contact  of  openings 
Circle- Windino,  Crossing,  Union-Disunion. 

in'-quest.     Judicial  inquiry.     Investigation-Answer. 

in-qui'-e-tude.  Restlessness;  apprehension.  Con- 
tentedness-Discontentment,  Mutability-Sta- 
bility, Pleasure-Pain,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

in'-qui-nate.  To  pollute.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion. 

in"-qui-na'-tion.  Pollution.  Betterment-Dete- 
rioration. 

in-quire'.  '  Seek  information.  Investigation-An- 
swer. 

in-quir'-er.  One  who  inquires.  Investigation-An- 
swer. 

in-quir'-ing.  Investigating.  Inquiring  mind,  In- 
quisitiveness-Indifference. 

in-quir'-y.  Research.  Investigation-Answer, 

Ratiocination-Instinct. 

in"-qui-si'-tion.  Inquiry;  a  tribunal.  Harshness- 
Mildness,  Investigation-Answer,  Tribunal. 

in-quis'-i-tive.  Prying.  Inquisitiveness-Indiffer- 
ence,  Investigation-Answer. 

in-quis'-i-tive-ness.  Curiosity.  Inquisitiveness- 
Indifference. 


INQUISITIVENESS— INDIFFERENCE. 


Cunosl  y.        (  Eagerness  to  obtain  information. 

Cunousness. ) 

Inquiring  mind .      Disposition  to  investigate  causes. 

Inquisitiveness.     The  inclination  to  ask  many  questions. 

Interest.     Concern. 

Thirst  for  knowledge .     Desire  to  know. 

Inquisitiveness — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Eavesdropper.     One  who  stands  under  the  eaves  to  listen;   a  secret 

listener. 
Gossip.     One  who  runs  from  house  to  house  tattling  and  telling  news. 

See  Tidings. 
Inquisitive  person.     One  who  attempts  to  discover  everything  by  a 

searching  curiosity. 
Newsmonger.     One  who  is  active  in  hearing  and  telling  news. 
Paul  Pry.     A   curious,    inquisitive   person.      [A  character  in  John 

Poole's  Paul  Pry] 
Quid  nunc  [L.l     What  now;  a  busybody. 
Sight-seer.     One  eager  for  novelties  or  curiosities. 

Inquisitiveness — Verbs. 

Gape.     To  open  the  mouth  unconsciously  in  curiosity. 

Lionize.     To  pay  much  attention  to. 

Pry.     To  try  to  discover  by  personal  observation. 

Stare.     To  look  with  fixed  eyes  wide  open,  as  through  surprise. 

Inquisitiveness — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  curious  (see  Adjectives);  prick  up  the  ears,  to  become  aware  of 
something;  see  sights;  take  an  interest  in. 


'  Absence  of  curiosity.     See  Adjectives. 


Incuriosity. 

Incuriousness.  J 

Indifference.     Lack  of  concern  about  a  thing. 

Insouciance  [F.fl.     Thoughtlessness.     See  Unconcern. 

Indifference — Verbal  Expressions. 
Be  incurious  (see  Adjectives);    have  no  curiosity  (see  Inquisitive- 
ness);  mind  one's  own  business,  not  to  meddle  in  the  affairs  of 
others;  take  no  interest  in  (see  Sensitiveness-Apathy). 

Indifference — Adjectives. 
Impassive.     In  a  state  of  apathy.     See  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 
Incurious.     Not  curious. 
Indifferent.     Not  concerned. 
Uninquisitive.     Not  inquisitive. 


INQUISITIVENESS—  Continued. 

Inquisitiveness — Adjectives. 

Agape.     Gaping.     See  Expectation. 

Burning  with  curiosity.     Very  curious. 

Curious.     Showing  curiosity. 

Inquiring.     Seeking  the  truth. 

Inquisitive.     Given  to  ask  many  questions. 

Inquisitorial.     Inclined  to  ask  cruel  and  rigorous  questions. 

Overcurious.     Too  curious. 

Prying.     Disposed  to  pry. 


Inquisitiveness- 
What  next?  what's  the  matter? 


-Phrases. 


in-quis"-i-to'-ri-al.  Like     an     inquisitor;      severe. 

Harshness-Mildness,  Inquisitiveness-Indiffer- 
ence,  Investigation-Answer,  Judicature. 

in'-road.  Hostile  entrance.  Attack-Defense,  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration, Entrance-Exit. 

in"-sa-lu'-bri-ous.  Not  salubrious.  Healthiness- 
Unhealthiness. 

in"-sa-lu'-bri-ty.  Unhealthfulness.  Healthiness- 
Unhealthiness. 

in-sane'.     Unsound  in  mind.     Saneness-Lunacy. 


in-san'-i-ty.  Unsoundness  of  mind.  Saneness- 
Lunacy. 

in-sa'-tia-ble.  Not  to  be  satisfied.  Desire-Dis- 
taste. 

in-sa'-tiate.     Insatiable.     Desire-Distaste. 

in-scribe'.  Write;  blazon.  Reputation-Discredit, 
Writing-Printing. 

in-scrip'-tion.  Entry  in  a  roll,  etc.  Mark-Obliter- 
ation, Writing-Printing. 

in-scroll'.     Write  on  a  scroll.     Mark-Obliteration. 


INSCRUTABLE. 


545 


INSTANTANEOUSLY. 


in-scru'-ta-hle.  Incomprehensible.  Clearness -Ob- 
scurity. 

ia-sculp'-ture .     Carved  inscription.     Sculpture. 

in-sculp'-tured.     Engraved.     Engraving. 

in-sec'-a-ble.  Indivisible.  Solitude-Company, 

Union-Disunion. 

in'-sect.  Six-legged    arthropod.  Fauna-Flora, 

Greatness-Littleness;     insect    cry,    Cry-Ulula- 
tion. 

in"-se-cure'.     Not  safe.     Security-Insecurity. 

in"-se-cu'-ri-ty.     Instability.     Security-Insecurity. 

in-sen'-sate.  Foolish;  insane.  Sagacity-Incapac- 
ity, Saneness-Lunacy. 

in-sen"-si-bil'-i-ty.  Loss  of  perception  or  feeling. 
Feeling-Insensibility,  Sensitiveness-Apathy; 
insensibility  of  benefits,  Thankfulness-Thankless- 
ness;  insensibility  to  the  past,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness. 

in-sen'-si-hle.  Not  able  to  perceive;  callous;  that 
cannot  be  perceived.  Feeling  -  Insensibility, 
Quest-Evasion. 

in-sen'-si-ble-ness.     Feeling-Insensibility. 

in-sen'-si-bly.  Very  gradually.  Feeling-Insensi- 
bility, Quest-Evasion. 

in-sep"-a-ra-bil'-i-ty.  State  of  being  inseparable. 
Cohesion-Looseness. 

in-sep'-a-ra-ble.  Not  separable.  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness, Union-Disunion  ;  inseparable  prefix,  Verb. 

in-sep'-a-ra-ble-ness.  State    of    being    inseparable. 

Cohesion-Looseness. 

in-sert'.  Place  in;  record.  Entrance-Exit,  Injec- 
tion-Ejection, Mark-Obliteration;  insert  itself, 
Injection-Ejection. 

in-ser'-tion.  Act  of  inserting.  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion, Admission-Expulsion,  Entrance-Exit, 
Establishment-Removal,  Injection-Ejection. 

in-serv'-i-ent.     Useful.     Usefulness-Uselessness. 

in-sev'-er-a-ble.  Inseparable.  Solitude-Company, 
Union-Disunion. 

in'-side".  Interior  surface  or  space;  interior.  Con- 
tents-Receiver, Outside-Inside;  inside  out,  Re- 
versal; turn  inside  out,  Exposure-Hidingplace. 

in-sid'-i-ous.  Treacherous.  Craft-Artlessness, 
Innocence-Guilt,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

in'-sight".  Penetration.  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Knowledge-Ignorance. 

in-sig'-ni-a.  Marks  of  distinction.  Sign,  Trophy; 
insignia  of  authority,  Scepter. 

in"-sig-nif'-i-cance.  No  importance.  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

in"-sig-nif'-i-cant.  Without  import  or  meaning.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Meaning-Jargon. 

in"-sin-cere\  Deceitful.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

in"-sin-cere'-ly.  Not  sincerely.  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

in-sin'-u-ate.  Worm  in;  hint;  imply.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Enlightenment-Secrecy, Entrance- 
Exit,  Environment-Interposition,  Love-Hate. 

in-sin"-u-a'-tion.  A  hint;  an  implication.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  En- 
trance-Exit, Environment-Interposition,  Mani- 

•     ?estation-Latency,  Nutriment-Excretion. 

m-sip'-id.  Without  flavor.  Savor-Tastelessness, 
Unconcern. 

in"-si-pid'-i-ty.  Tastelessness.  Savor-Tasteless- 
ness. 

in-sist".  Demand;  repeat  with  emphasis.  Order, 
Ratiocination-Instinct;  insist  upon,  Assertion- 
Denial,  Coercion,  Determination-Vacillation, 
Dueness-Undueness,  Strife-Peace,  Terms, 
Terseness-Prolixity. 

in"-so-bri'-e-ty.        Int«mperance.        Teetotalism-In- 
temperance. 
35 


in"-so-la'-tion.  Exposure  to  the  rays  of  the  sun. 
Heat-Cold,  Heating-Cooling. 

in'-sc-lence.  Haughtiness.  Presumption-Obsequi- 
ousness. 

in'-sc-lent.  Haughty.  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness. 

in-sol'-u-ble.  Inexplicable;  not  soluble.  Chemistry, 
Clearness-Obscurity,  Solidity-Rarity. 

in-solv'-a-ble.     Inexplicable.     Clearness-Obscurity. 

in-solv'-en-cy.  Bankruptcy.  Affluence-Penury, 
Credit-Debt,  Excess-Lack,  Settlement-Default 

in-solv'-ent.  Bankrupt.  Affluence-Penury, 

Credit-Debt,  Settlement-Default. 

in-som'-ni-a.     Sleeplessness.     Activity-Indolence. 

insomnium  [L.]  (in-som'-ni-uro) .  A  dream.  Activ- 
ity-Indolence. 

insouciance  [F.]  (an--su-si-an-s').  Indifference.  De- 
sire-Distaste, Heed-Disregard,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

insouciant  [F.]  (an-su-si-arr').  Without  care  or  concern. 
Carefulness-Carelessness,  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness, Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

in-spect'.  Examine;  make  inquiry.  Heed-Disregard, 
Sight-Blindness. 

in-spec'-tion.  Close  examination.  Heed-Disregard, 
Sight-Blindness. 

in-spect'-or.  One  who  inspects.  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment,  Investigation-Answer,  Manager. 

in"-spi-ra'-tion.  Influence  which  quickens;  supernatu- 
ral divine  influence.  Divinity,  Emotion,  Excita- 
tion, Fancy,  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Motive- 
Caprice,  Predetermination-Impulse,  Revela- 
tion-Pseudorevelation,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

in-spire'.  Prompt;  animate;  cheer.  Excitation, 
Godliness-Ungodliness,  Lightheartelness-De- 
jection,  Motive-Caprice;  inspire  courage,  Eravet.y- 
Cowardice  ;  inspire  hope,  Sanguineness-Hopeless- 
ness;  inspire  respect,  Regard-Disrespect. 

in-spired'.  Animated  by  the  Spirit.  Godliness-Un- 
godliness, Motive-Caprice,  Revelation-Pseudo- 
revelation. 

in-spir'-it.  Animate;  encourage.  Bravery-Coward- 
ice, Excitation,  Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Motive-Caprice. 

in-spir'-it-ing.  Cheering.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion, Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

in-spis'-sate.  Thickened.  Solidity-Rarity,  Viscidity- 
Foam. 

in"-spis-sa'-tion.  Thickening.  Solidity-Rarity,  Vis- 
cidity-Foam. 

in"-sta-bil'-i-ty.  Want  of  firmness.  Mutability-Sta- 
bility. 

in-stall'.  Induct  into  an  office.  Commission-Abroga- 
tion, Establishment-Removal,  Solemnization. 

in"-stal-la'-tion.  Introduction  into  office.  Com- 
mission-Abrogation, Establishment-Removal, 
Rule-License,  Solemnization. 

in-stal'-ment.  Partial  payment.  Outlay-Income, 
Settlement-Default,  Whole-Part. 

in'-stance.  Example;  notion.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Eternity-Instantaneity, 
Motive-Caprice,  Petition-Expostulation. 

in'-stant.  Urgent;  moment.  Activity-Indolence, 
Consequence-Insignificance,  Eternity-Instan- 
taneity, Need,  Occurrence-Destiny,  Time;  lose 
not  an  instant,  Hurry-Leisure;  on  the  instant, 
Earliness-Lateness. 

in"-stan-ta-ne'-i-ty.  Instantaneousness.  Eternity- 
Instantaneity. 

in"-stan-ta'-ne-ous.  Occurring  instantly.  Eternity- 
Instantaneity. 

in"-stan-ta'-ne-ous-ly.  In  an  instantaneous  manner. 
Eternity-Instantaneity,      Swiftness-Slowness. 


1NSTANTANEOUSNESS. 


546 


INSTRUMENT. 


in"-stan-ta'-ne-ous-ness.  State  of  being  instantaneous. 
Eternity-Instantaneity. 

instanter  [L.]  (in-stan'-ter) .  Instantly.  Eternity- 
Instantaneity. 

instar  omnium  [L.]  (in'-star  om'-ni-um) .  An  example 
to  others.  Conventionality-Unconventionality, 
Likeness-Unlikeness. 

in''-stau-ra'-tion.     Repair.    Renovation-Relapse. 

in-stead'.     In  place.     Commutation-Permutation. 

in'-sti-gate .     Provoke.     Moti  ve-Ca  pric  e  . 

in"-sti-ga'-tion.  Stimulation  to  action.  Motive-Ca- 
price. 

in'-sti-ga"-tor.     One  who  incites.     Motive-Caprice. 

in-stil'.  Inculcate;  pour  in  by  drops.  Education- 
Misteaching,  Injection-Ejection,  Mixture-Ho- 
mogeneity. 

in'-stinct.  Natural  aptitude  or  tendency.  Mind-Im- 
becility, Ratiocination-Instinct,  Will-Obliga- 
tion; brute  instinct,  Mind-Imbecility;  instinct  with, 
Holding-Exemption,  Motive-Caprice. 

in-stinct'-ive.     Not   due  to   forethought.     Predeter- 


mination -  Impulse,  Ratiocination  -Casuistry 
Subjectiveness-Objectiveness,  Volition-Obliga- 
tion. 

in'-sti-tute.  Originate;  an  institution.  Association, 
Cause-Effect,  Creation-Destruction,  Enter- 
prise, School;  institute  an  inquiry,  Investigation- 
Answer. 

in"-sti-tu'-tion.  An  established  principle;  a  corporate 
body;  words  of  Christ  in  instituting  the  euchar- 
ist.  Association,  Church,  Law-Lawlessness, 
School. 

in'-sti-tu"-tor.     A  founder.     Instructor-Fupil. 

in-struct'.  Teach;  order.  Advice,  Educa.tion-Mis- 
teaching,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Order. 

in-struct'-ed.     Taught.    Knowledge- Ignorance. 

in-struc'-tion.  Act  of  instructing;  knowledge.  Advice, 
Education-Misteaching,  Enlightenment-Secrl- 
cy,  Order,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

in-struc'-tive.  Serving  to  instruct.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 

in-struct'-or.     Teacher.    Instructor-Pupil 


INSTRUCTOR— PUPIL. 


Abecedarian.     One  who  teaches  the  letters  of  the  alphabet. 
Apostle.     Any  person  zealously  teaching  any  doctrine  or  cause. 
Bear-leader.     One  who  exhibits  a  trained  bear;   hence,  a  tutor  to  a 

youth  of  rank  on  his  travels. 
Coach.     A  private  teacher  generally  employed  to  fit  a  person  for  a 

particular  examination. 
Corypheus.     The  leader  or  teacher  of  a  chorus. 
Dame.     The  mistress  of  a  primary  school. 
Director.     One  who  teaches  others  by  virtue  of  authority. 
Disciplinarian.     One  versed  in  principles  and  practises  who  teaches 

them  with  precision. 
Dominie.     A  schoolmaster. 
Dry-nurse.     A  nurse  who  feeds  the  child  without  the  breast;  hence, 

an  inferior  who  teaches  his  superior  his  duties. 
Duenna.     An  older  lady  employed  to  guard  and  teach  young  girls. 
Example.     Instance  serving  to  teach  a  rule  or  precept.     See  Model 

FOR    IMITATION. 

Expositor.     One  who  teaches  or  explains. 

Governess.     A  lady  who  teaches  children  in  their  homes. 

Governor.     One  who  teaches  a  pupil  and  trains  his  manners. 

Grinder.     One  who  teaches  students  hurriedly  for  examinations. 

Guide.     One  who  teaches  a  way  or  course. 

Institutor.     One  who  teaches. 

Instructor.     One  who  teaches  by  precept  or  information. 

Lecturer.     One  who  discourses  to  teach  others. 

Master.     The  one  in  authority  over  a  corps  of  teachers. 

Mentor.     A  wise  and  elderly  teacher  and  guide.     See  Advice. 

Missionary.     A  person  sent  somewhere  to  teach  and  do  charitable 

work. 
Monitor.     One  who  teaches  by  way  of  reproof  or  caution. 
Moonshe.     A  teacher  of  languages. 
Pastor.     A  teacher  of  the  Gospel.     See  Ministry. 
Pedagogue.     A  teacher  of  children. 

Pioneer.     One  who  teaches  the  way  and  removes  obstacles  from  it. 
Preacher.     One  who  teaches  religious  topics. 
Preceptor.     A  teacher. 

Prelector.     A  teacher  by  the  reading  of  lectures. 
Professor.     One  who  teaches  an  art,  science,  or  any  of  the  higher 

branches  of  learning,  particularly  in  the  colleges. 
Professorship.     The  state  or  office  of  a  public  teacher.     See  School. 
Prolocutor.     The  presiding  officer  of  a  convocation. 
Propagandist.     One  who  teaches  any  system  of  principles  with  a 

view  to  making  them  widespread. 
Pupil-teacher.     One  who  is  both  a  pupil  and  a  teacher. 
Reader.     One  who  teaches  by  reading. 
Schoolmaster.     The  teacher  of  a  school. 
Schoolmistress.     The  female  who  teaches  a  school. 
Teacher      One  who  teaches. 
Trainer.     One  who  trains  up. 
Tutelage.     State  of  being  under  the  guardianship  of  a  teacher.     See 

Education. 
Tutor.     A  teacher  in  anything, 
Usher .     An  under  teacher  who  has  charge  of  the  junior  classes. 

In'-stru-ment.     An   implement;     written    acknowledg- 
ment. Instrument,  Instrumentality,  Means,  Se- 


Abecedarian.     A  learner  of  the  letters  of  the  alphabet. 

Alphabetarian.     A  learner  of  the  alphabet. 

Alumnus.     A  foster  son;  a  graduate  of  a  school  or  college. 

Apostle.     One  to  whom  a  commission  to  teach  is  given. 

Apprentice.     One  learning  a  trade. 

Articled  clerk.     An  apprenticed  clerk. 

Beginner.     One  first  entering  a  course  of  study,  the  arts  or  sciences. 

Catechumen.     A  learner  in  any  kind  of  doctrines  or  principles. 

Class.     A  number  of  learners. 

Condisciple.     A  learner  in  the  same  school. 

Debutant  [F  J.     One  who  makes  a  first  appearance. 

Disciple.     A  learner. 

Eleve  [F.J.     A  learner;  pupil. 

Famulist.     A  collegian  of  inferior  rank. 

Fellow  commoner.     A  student  at  Cambridge  who  dines  at  the  fel- 
lows' table. 

Fellow  student.     An  associate  in  learning. 

Follower.     A  disciple;  an  attendant  in  learning 

Form.     A  rank  of  ftudents  in  a  school 

Freshman.     A  ftudent  in  his  first  college  year. 

Inceptor.     A  beginner  in  the  rudiments  of  learning. 

Junior  soph.     A  student  in  his  second  college  year  at  Cambridge, 
England. 

Learner.     One  who  is  taught. 

Neophyte.     A  beginner  in  learning. 

Novice.     A  learner  in  any  occupation . 

Probationer.     A  novice. 

Proselyte.     A  learner  in  some  religious  sect. 

Pupil.     A  learner;  disciple. 

Pupilage.     The  state  of  being  a  pupil.     See  Education-Learning. 

Questionist.     A  student  at  Cambridge  University. 

Recruit.     One  newly  enlisted,  as  a  soldier,  and  hence  having  all  to 
learn. 

Remove.     A  class  in  a  school. 

Scholar.     One  who  learns  anything. 

Schoolboy.     A  boy  learning  at  a  school. 

Senior  soph.     A  student  in  his  third  college  year  at  Cambridge  Uni- 
versity,  England. 

Sophister.     A  student  advanced  beyond  his  first  college  year. 

Tyro.     A  beginner  in  learning  anything. 

Undergraduate.     A  student  who  has  not  taken  his  first  degree. 
P  u  pil — A  djectives. 

In  leading  strings.     Figurative  for  having  much  to  learn. 

In  statu  pupillari  [L.].     In  a  state  of  learning. 


INSTRUCTOR— Continued 
Instructor — A  djecttve. 
Professorial.     Pertaining  to  a  professor. 

Instructor — Phrase. 
Qui  docet  discit  [L.J.     He  who  teaches  learns. 

curity;  musical  instrument,  Musical  Instruments; 
optical  instrument.  Optical  Instruments. 


INSTRUMENT. 


547 


INSTRUMENTALITY. 


INSTRUMENT. 

Accouterments.  All  the  devices  by  which  a  soldier  carries  his  arms 
ammunition,  etc. 

Apparatus.  Any  device  or  machine  prepared  for  the  accomplish- 
ment of  a  special  purpose. 

Appliances.  Anything  through  or  by  which  something  is  effected  or 
accomplished. 

Appointments.     Equipment  or  furnishing. 

Chattels.     Any  article  of  personal  property. 

Engine.     A  machine  by  which  power  is  applied  to  the  doing  of  work. 

Engineering.  The  science  and  art  of  making,  building,  and  using 
engines. 

Equipage.     The  outfit  necessary  for  a  given  purpose. 

Equipment.  Whatever  constitutes  an  outfit  or  preparation  for  a 
special  purpose. 

Fittings.     Any  articles  of  permanent  equipment  and  adjustment. 

Furniture.     Equipment  or  outfit;  especially,  household  articles. 

Gear.  The  moving  parts  or  appliances  that  constitute  some  mechan- 
ical power. 

Gin.     A  machine  by  which  some  mechanical  power  is  employed. 

Harness.  The  equipment  put  upon  a  draft-animal  in  order  to  attach 
it  for  work. 

Implement.     An  instrument  used  in  manual  labor. 

Jenny.  A  mechanism  for  spinning  more  than  one  strand  of  yarn  at  a 
time. 

Lathe.  A  machine  for  cutting  or  turning  a  material  to  some  circular 
form. 

Machine.     Any  instrument  used  for  utilizing  power. 

Machinery.     A  combination  of  machines  working  together. 

Materiel  [FT.     Apparatus. 

Mechanism.     The  structure  of  a  machine. 

Mill.     A  machine  for  transforming  raw  material. 

Organ.     An  instrument  for  performing  an  important,  special  action. 

Paraphernalia .     Miscellaneous  articles  of  equipment. 

Plant.     A  set  of  machines,  tools,  etc.,  for  a  mechanical  business. 

Recapper.     A  tool  for  fixing  fresh  percussion  caps  in  cartridges. 

Rigging.      A  mechanism  of  ropes,  pulley-blocks,  hooks,  etc. 

Skimmer.     A  flat  ladle  for  skimming  liquids. 

Snow-plow.  A  large  plow-like  structure  for  clearing  railway-tracks 
of  snow. 

Sprag.     A  short  wooden  billet  for  chocking  the  wheels  of  a  coal-car. 

Tackle.      I  A  mechanical   contrivance  for  obtaining  a  satisfactory 

Tackling.  J       hold  over  anything  with  a  view  to  hoisting  or  moving  it. 

Tenpenny.     A  long  nail,  1000  of  which  weigh  10  pounds. 

Tool.     A  simple  mechanism  or  instrument. 

Trappings.     Ornamental  harness. 

Upholstery.     Goods  or  materials  used  in  upholstering. 

Utensil.     An  implement  for  domestic  use. 

Voting-machine.  A  contrivance  to  assist  the  accurate  recording, 
counting,  etc.,  of  votes. 

Votograph.     A  vote-recording  machine. 

Instrument — Mechanical  Powers. 
Arm.     Any  part  of  a  machine  used  as  a  support  or  lever. 
Calipers.      A  compass-like  instrument  for  measuring  diameters. 
Cam.     A  rotating  piece  of  machinery  used  to  change  a  rotary  into 

alternate  motion. 
Can-hook.     A  short  rope  with  a  broad  flat  hook  at  each  end,  used  in 

slinging  barrels 
Capstan.     An  apparatus  for  hoisting  anchors  or  other  weights.     See 

Elevation. 
Clock-work.     Mechanism  like  the  machinery  of  aclock. 
Crank.     A  device  for  causing  rotation  of  an  axis. 
Crow.     An  apparatus  for  keeping  a  street  main  pipe  in  place  while 

being  drilled. 
Crowbar.     A  straight  iron  bar  used  as  a  lever. 
Gavelock.     An  iron  crowbar. 

Handspike.     A  bar  used  as  a  lever  in  lifting  weights. 
Inclined  plane.     An  artificial  slope  used  in  mechanics  for  transferring 

heavy  articles  from  one  level  to  another. 
Jimmy.     A  crowbar  made  in  sections  to  avoid  detection  in  carrying. 
Knocker.     A  hinged  metal  striker  fastened  to  a  door  and  used  for 

knocking  to  gain  admittance. 
Lever.     A  mechanical  device  consisting  of  a  straight  bar  turning 

freely  on  a  fixed  point  or  fulcrum. 
Leverage.     The  mechanical  advantage  or  power  gained  by  use  of  a 

lever. 
Limb.     An  elementary  piece  of  the  mechanism  of  a  lock. 
Mainspring.     The  principal  or  most  important  spring  in  a  piece  of 

mechanism. 
Mechanical  advantage.     The  useful  work  exerted  by  any  machine. 
Oar.     An  implement  for  impelling  a  boat,  used  like  a  lever. 
Paddle.      An  implement  with  a  broad  blade,  which  is  used  without 

a  fixed  fulcrum  in  propelling  and  steering  boats 


Pedal.     A  lever  acted  on  by  the  foot. 

Pinion.     A  small  cog-wheel  driven  by  a  larger  one. 

Pulley.     A  wheel  with  a  broad  or  grooved  rim  for  transmitting  power. 

Screw.  A  cylinder,  having  a  continuous  thread  winding  round  it 
spirally,  used  for  producing  motion  or  pressure  in  the  direction  of 
its  axis,  by  the  sliding  of  the  threads  of  the  cylinder  in  grooves 
adapted  to  them. 

Spring.  An  elastic  body  of  any  kind,  as  steel,  etc.,  used  for  receiving 
or  imparting  power. 

Water-wheel.  A  wheel  for  propelling  machinery,  that  is  made  to 
rotate  by  the  direct  action  of  water. 

Wedge.  A  piece  of  metal,  etc.,  thick  at  one  end  and  tapering  to  a 
thin  edge,  used  in  splitting  wood,  raising  heavy  bodies  etc. 

Wheel,  etc.  A  circular  frame  having  handles  on  the  circumference 
used  as  a  means  of  controlling  the  rudder  for  the  purpose  ot  steer- 
ing a  ship. 

Wheel  and  axle.  Awheel  fixed  to  an  axle,  used  for  raising  weights 
by  applying  power  to  the  circumference  of  the  wheel.  See  Revo- 
lution. 

Wheels  within  wheels.     Complicated  machinery. 

Wheelwork.  A  combination  of  wheels  and  their  connection  in  a 
machine. 

Winch.     The  crank  used  in  turning  a  wheel  or  axle. 

Wing.     Any  means  of  flight  or  rapid  motion. 

I  nstr  u  m  ent — Parts. 
Blade.     The  cutting  part  of  an  instrument. 
Haft.     That  part  of  an  instrument  by  which  it  is  held  and  used. 
Handle.     That  part  of  an  instrument  held  in  the  hand. 
Heft.     A  handle. 
Helm.     The  tiller  or  wheel  of  the  apparatus  by  which  a  ship  is 

steered. 
Hilt.     A  handle,  as  of  a  sword. 
Key.     That  part  of  an  instrument  or  machine  which  serves  as  a 

means  of  operating  it. 
Screw-driver.     A  tool  foi  turning  screws  for  driving  them  into  their 

place. 
Shaft.     The  long  handle  of  a  spear;  that  which  resembles  the  handle 

of  a  spear. 
Shank.     That  part  of  an  instrument  which  connects  the  acting  part 

with  the  handle. 
Tiller.     The  lever  for  turning  the  rudder  of  a  boat. 
Treadle.     A  part  of  a  machine  which  is  pressed  or  moved  by  the  foot. 
Trigger.     A  piece,  as  a  lever,  which  is  connected  with  a  catch  or 

detent  as  a  means  of  releasing  it. 
Turnscrew.     A  screw-driver. 

Instrument — Appliances. 

Arms,  etc.     A  soldier's  equipment.     See  Weapon. 

Borer,  etc.     An  instrument  for  boring.     See  Perforator. 

Edge-tool,  etc.  A  tool  with  a  sharp  edge  for  cutting.  See  Sharp- 
ness. 

Hammer,  etc.  An  instrument  for  driving  nails,  beating  metals,  etc., 
consisting  of  a  head  of  iron  or  steel,  fixed  cross-wise  to  a  handle 
See  Impetus. 

Nail,  etc.  A  piece  of  wood  or  metal  for  holding  timbers  together. 
See  Connective. 

Oar,  etc.  A  long  blade  for  propelling  a  boat.  See  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

Peg,  etc.     A  small  wooden  nail.     See  Suspension. 

Rope,  etc.  A  large,  stout  cord,  made  of  strands  twisted  or  braided 
together      See  Connective. 

Spoon,  etc.  An  implement  consisting  of  a  small  bowl  with  a  handle. 
See  Conveyance. 

Support,  etc.  A  strong  beam  or  anything  used  to  support  weight. 
See  Suspension-Support 

Teeth,  etc.  Any  projection  corresponding  to  the  tooth  of  an  animal. 
See  Keeping. 

Vise,  etc.  An  instrument  for  holding  a  material  worked  upon.  See 
Keeping. 

Instrument — Adjectives. 

Brachial.     Pertaining  to  the  arm. 

Instrumental,  etc.  Serving  as  an  instrument.  See  Instrumental- 
ity. 

Machinal.     Relating  to  machines. 

Mechanical.     Pertaining  to  mechanics 

in"-stru-men'-tal.  Serviceable;  an  instrument  played 
on.  Agency,  Instrument,  Instrumentality, 
Means,  Music;  instrumental  music,  Music. 

in"-stru-men'-tal-ist.  One  who  plays  upon  an  instru- 
ment.    Musician. 

in"-stru-men-tal'-i-ty.  Subordinate  agency.  Instru- 
mentality. 


INSTRUMENTALITY. 


548 


INSUBORDINATION— OBEDIENCE. 


INSTRUMENTALITY. 

Agency,  etc.     The  quality  of  exerting  power.     See  Agency. 

Aid,  etc.  Anything  that  is  favorable  to  progress.  See  Obstruc- 
tion-Help. 

Expedient.     Suitable  means  to  accomplish  an  end.     See  Design. 

Hand.     Agency  in  doing. 

Instrument,  etc.  That  by -which  some  work  is  accomplished.  See 
Instrument. 

Instrumentality.     The  condition  of  being  a  means  for  doing  work. 

Intermedium.     An  intervening  agent. 

Intervention.     The  act  of  coming  between. 

Means.  That  through  which,  or  by  the  help  of  which,  an  end  is 
attained.     See  Means. 

Mediation.     The  act  of  interposing,  often  to  reconcile. 

Medium.     An  intervening  agency. 

Stepping-stone.     A  means  of  progress,  as  in  crossing  shallow  water. 

Subservience.     The  state  of  serving  in  a  subordinate  capacity. 

Subserviency.     Use  that  promotes  some  purpose. 

Vehicle.     An  agent  for  the  transmission  of  something  else. 

Instrumentality — Associated  Nouns. 

Accoucheur  [F.|.     A  male  professional  obstetrician. 

Cat's-paw.  A  person  used  by  another  to  accomplish  his  object,  as 
taking  chestnuts  from  the  fire  in  the  fable. 

Go-between.  A  person  who  acts  as  an  agent;  usually  in  a  dispar- 
aging sense. 

Handmaid.    A  maid  that  waits  at  hand. 

Key.     An  instrument  by  which  a  lock  is  opened. 

Latch-key.     A  key  used  to  raise,  or  throw  back  the  latch  of  a  door. 

Master-key.     A  key  that  opens  many  different  locks. 

Midwife.     A  woman  attendant  in  childbirth. 

Minister.     One  who  ministers  to,  or  serves  others. 

Obstetrician.     One  who  assists  in  childbirth. 

Open  sesame.  The  magical  command  which  opened  the  door  of  the 
robbers'  den  in  the  A  rabian  Nights'  tale  of  The  Forty  Thieves, 

Passe  partout  [F.J.     A  safe  conduct;  a  master-key. 

Pass-key.     A  key  for  opening  more  than  one  lock. 

Passport.  A  document  giving  its  owner  permission  to  pass  from 
place  to  place. 

Safe-conduct.  A  writing  or  pass,  given  to  a  person  to  enable  him  to 
travel  safely. 

Instrumentality — Verbs. 

Be  instrumental,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Intervene.     To  come  between  for  some  purpose. 
Mediate.     To  act  as  an  intervening  agency. 
Minister,     To  perform  a  service  for. 


Pander  to.     To  minister  to  the  evil  emotions  of  others,  like  Pandarus 
in  the  story  of  Troilus audCressida.  [Homer.Chaucer.Shakespeare.] 
Subserve.     To  help  forward. 

INSTR  U  M  e  nta  lity — A  djectives. 
Instrumental.     Serving  as  a  means  to  an  end. 
Intermediate.     Occupying  a  middle  place  in  some  action. 
Intervening.     Coming  between   other  influences  in  the  course  of 
action. 

Mediatorial.  Pertaining  to  intervening  for  the  purpose  of  recon- 
ciling. 

Ministerial.     Pertaining  to  ministering  to. 

Subservient.     Serving  some  purpose. 

Useful,  etc.  That  can  be  made  to  serve  a  purpose.  See  Useful- 
ness. 

Instrumentality — Adverbs. 

Along  with.     Accompanying. 

By.     In  the  vicinity  of. 

By  dint  of.     By  the  power  of. 

By  fair  means  or  foul.     By  any  means. 

By  hook  or  crook.     By  any  possible  means. 

By  means  of,  etc.     See  Means. 

By  virtue  of.     By  the  inherent  power  of. 

By  the  agency,  etc.      \  c      . 

By  the  aiency  of,  etc./  ^  Agency. 

By  the  aid  cf,  etc.     See  Obstruction-Help 

Hereby.     By  this. 

In  virtue  of.     By  authority  of. 

On  the  shoulders  of.     By  the  aid  of. 

Per  [L.].     By. 

Per  fas  et  nefas  [L.].     Justly  or  unjustly,  through  right  and  wrong 

Somehow.     In  some  way  not  yet  determined. 

Somehow  or  other.     In  one  way  or  another. 

Thereby.     By  that. 

Through.     By  means  of.  t 

Through  the  medium,  etc.      \  -      ArRMrv 

Through  the  medium  of,  etc./  toee  AGENCY* 

Whereby.     By  what. 

With  the  aid  of.     By  the  help  of. 

in-suav'-i-ty.  Impoliteness.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness. 

in"-sub-or'-di-nate.  Disobedient.  Insubordination- 
Obedience. 

in"-sub-or"-di-na'-tion.  Disobedience.  Insubordi- 
nation-Obedience. 


INSUBORDINATION— OBEDIENCE. 


Contumacy.     Stubbornness. 

Defection.     Abandoning;  desertion. 

Defiance.     See  Defiance. 

Disobedience.     Disregard  for  authority. 

Etneute  [P.].     A  seditious  outbreak. 

High  treason.  Treason  or  treachery  against  the  sovereign  or  the  state. 

Infraction.     A  violation  of  a  law  or  rule. 

Infringement.     An  encroachment  on  rights  and  privileges. 

Insubordination,  The  state  of  not  being  subject  to  the  proper  au- 
thorities. 

Insurgent.     Fighting  against  the  established  government. 

Insurrection.     A  rising  against  civil  or  political  authority. 

Lese-majesty.     A  crime  against  the  sovereign  power. 

Misprision  of  treason.  The  failure  of  the  person  cognizant  of  the 
committal  of  the  crime  to  inform  the  proper  authorities. 

Mutineering.  The  act  of  disobeying  superior  naval  or  military  offi- 
cers. 

Mutinousness.     The  quality  of  being  guilty  of  mutiny. 

Mutiny.     Insurrection  against  military  or  naval  authority. 

Non-compliance.     Refusal  to  surrender  one's  wishes. 

Non-observance.     Neglect  to  observe. 

Outbreak.     An  open  revolt. 

Petty  treason.  The  crime  of  killing  a  person  to  whom  the  offender 
owed  obedience. 

Praemunire.  The  offense  of  introducing  a  foreign  authority  into 
England - 

Rebel.     To  take  up  arms  against  the  established  government. 

Rebellion.     Open  defiance  to  law  and  authority. 

Revolt.     Resistance;  a  desertion. 

Riot.     An  outbreak  by  a  mob. 

Rising.     A  revolt;  an  upheaval. 

Secession.     Withdrawal  from  an  organization  or  government. 

Sedition.     Dissatisfaction;  dissension. 


Allegiance.      Loyalty  to  a  ruler  or  government  for  protection  in 

return. 
Compliance.     A  yielding  to  others. 

Deference.     Due  respect  for  the  wishes  and  opinions  of  another. 
Devotion.     Attachment;  strong  feeling  toward  God,  amounting  to 

worship. 
Ductility.     See  Harshness-Mildness. 

Fealty.     Fidelity;  obligation  of  a  tenant  to  his  lord  in  feudal  times. 
Homage.     Deference;    respect;   a  promise  to  be  another  person's 

man. 
Loyalty.     Fidelity  to  duty,  obligation. 
Non-resistance.     Ready  obedience;  submission. 
Obedience.     Compliance  with  the  wishes  of  another 
Obsequiousness.     See  Presumption-Obsequiousness. 
Observance.     Servile  attention;  the  keeping  of  some  celebration, 
Passiveness.     The  quality  of  being  unresisting;  submissive. 
Resignation.     A  giving  up ;  a  surrender. 
Subjection.     See  Liberty-Subjection. 
Submissiveness.     Acquiescence;  obedience. 
Submission.     See  Yielding. 
Submissness.     See  Submissiveness. 

Obedience — Verbs. 

Answer  the  helm.     Yield  to  a  guiding  power,  as  a  ship  does. 

Attend  to  orders.     To  be  obedient;  strict  in  obedience. 

Bear  obedience  to.     To  render  obedience  to ;  to  submit. 

Be  obedient,  etc.    See  Adjectives. 

Come  at  one's  call.     To  be  obedient. 

Comply.     To  respect  the  wishes  and  opinions  ot  others. 

Do  one's  bidding.     To  obey  orders. 

Do  suit  and  service.     To  perform  the  duty  of  feudatories  to  attend  the 

courts  of  their  lords  in  time  of  peace,  and  to  render  military  service 

in  time  of  war. 


INSUBORDINATION. 


549 


INSULT. 


INSUBORDINATION— OBEDIENCE— Continued. 


Strike.     See  Reprisal-Resistance. 

Treason.     Treachery  against  a  government  or  sovereign. 

Tumult.     The  commotion  or  agitation  of  a  multitude. 

Uprising.     Rebellion;  insurrection. 

Violation  of  the  law.     See  Law-Lawlessness. 

Insubordination — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Anarchist.     One  who  favors  the  overthrow  of  civil  government. 
Brawler.     One  who  causes  brawls  in  a  neighborhood;  a  nuisance. 
Carbonaro.     A  member  of  a  secret  political  organization  in  Italy  in 

the  early  part  of  the  igth  century,  whose  purpose  was  to  set  up  a 

republican  form  of  government. 
Communist.     One  who  favors  the  equalization  of  property,  social 

privileges  etc 
Fenian.     A  member  of  an  Irish  secret  organization  which  had  for  its 

object  the  overthrow  of  English  rule. 
Frondeur  [F  |.     A  member  of  the  Fronde  in  France,  an  organization 

which  opposed  the  government  and  attacked  the  royal  party  dur- 
ing the  minority  of  Louis  XIV. 
Insurgent.     One  who  rebels  against  civil  authority. 
Jack  Cade.      An  Irishman  who  was  leader  of  Cade's  Rebellio*  in 

England,  in  1450. 
Masaniello.     A  Neapolitan  insurrectionist. 
Mutineer.     One  who  refuses  to  obey  his  superior  officer  in  the  army 

or  navy. 
Rebel.     A  member  of  a  rebellion. 
Red  republican.      An  extremely  radical  republican  in  France  who 

wore  a  red  cap  as  a  badge  of  his  party. 
Revolter.     One  who  withdraws  his  allegiance. 
Ringleader.      A  person  who  is  at  the  head  of  a  company  who  are 

banded  together  to  violate  the  law. 
Rioter.     One  who  takes  part  in  a  riot. 
Runagate.     A  fugitive;  a  renegade. 
Sansculottes.     Members  of  the  extreme  republican  party  in  France 

at  the  time  of  the  Revolution.  They  refused  to  wear  breeches  be- 
cause the  nobles  wore  them. 
Seceder.     One  who  withdraws,  as  from  the  Union  of  the  U.  S.  A 
Spartacus.     The  leader  of   the  slave  insurgents  in  Italy,  in  the  1st 

century.  B.  C. 
Traitor.     One  guilty  of  treason. 
Wat  Tyler.     Leader  of  the  peasant  revolt  in  England,  1381. 

Insubordination — Verbs. 
Champ  the  bit.     To  chew  noisily,  a  mark  of  impatience. 
Disobey.     To  violate  commands. 
Fly  in  the  face  of .     To  insult;  to  resist. 
Infringe.     To  neglect  to  fulfil  or  obey. 
Kick  over  the  traces .     To  become  unruly. 

Mutiny.     To  rebel  against  superior  officers  in  the  army  or  navy. 
Rebel.     See  Nouns. 

Rise  in  arms.     To  start  an  armed  insurrection. 
Run  restive.     To  become  refractory. 
Run  riot.     To  go  to  excess. 
Secede.     To  withdraw,  as  from  a  union. 
Set  at  defiance.     See  Defiance. 
Set  authority  at  naught.     To  revolt,  rebel. 
Shirk.     To  neglect;  to  escape. 
Strike.     See  Reprisal-Resistance. 
Take  the  law  into  one's  own  hands.     To  disregard  law;    to  set  law 

aside. 
Turn  restive.    To  become  stubborn,  unruly;  to  resist. 
Violate.     To  break  the  bonds  of. 

Insubordination — Adjectives. 

Contumacious.     Perverse;  refractory. 
Disobedient      See  Nouns. 


OBEDIENCE—  Verbs— Continued. 

Do  what  one  is  told.     To  carry  out  orders. 
Follow  the  lead  of.     To  yield ;  to  submit. 
Follow  to  the  world's  end.     Follow  everywhere. 
Obey.     To  give  ear  to;  to  comply. 
Play  second  fiddle.     To  allow  another  to  lead. 
Serve.     See  Chief-Underling. 
Serve  faithfully.     To  be  obedient. 
Submit.     See  Yielding. 

Obedience — Adjectives. 

At  one's  beck  and  call.  Ready  to  respond  to  a  nod  of  the  head  and  call 

At  one's  call.     Ready  to  come  without  previous  notice. 

At  one's  commands.)  „      ,    .       , 

At  one's  orders.         j  Ready  to  obey. 

Compliant.     See  Nouns. 

Complying.     Assenting;  agreeing. 

Devoted.     Closely  attached;  worshiping  God. 

Faithful.     Attendant;  true  to  duty. 

Henpecked.     Dominated  by  some  petty  authority,  as  the  husband 

by  the  wife. 
Loyal.     Faithful  to  one's  government  or  trust. 
Obedient,,     Disposed  to  obey. 
Passive.     Inactive;  unresisting;  indifferent. 
Pliant.     See  Harshness-Mildness. 
Resigned.     Submissive;  compliant. 

Restrainable .     Able  to  be  held  in  check ;  to  be  controlled. 
Submissive.     See  Yielding. 

Under  beck  and  call.     Ready  to  cringe  to  the  biddings  of  authority. 
Under  control.     Obedient;  docile. 
Unresisted.     Unopposed. 


In  compliance  with.) 
In  obedience  to.  J 
Obediently.     Dutifully. 


Obedience — Adverbs. 
Obedient  to. 


Obedience — Phrases. 
As  you  please;  ich  dien  [G.Q,  I  serve;  if  you  please;  to  hear  is  to  obey. 


INSUBORDINATION— Adjectives— Continued. 

Impatient  of  control.     Hard  to  govern. 

Insubordinate.     Disobedient. 

Insurgent.     See  Nouns. 

Lawless.     Not  subject  to  law. 

Mutinous.     Revolting. 

Recalcitrant.     Kicking;  opposing. 

Recusant.     See  Proffer-Refusal. 

Refractory.     Unruly;  unmanageable. 

Resisting.     See  Reprisal-Resistance. 

Restiff.     Obstinate;  stubborn. 

Restive.     See  Restiff. 

Riotous.     Wanton;  unrestrained. 

Seditious.     Stirring  up  contention;  tending  to  turbulence. 

Unbidden.     Uncommanded;  unrequested. 

Uncompliant.     Not  submit  to  established  laws,  rules,  etc. 

Uncomplying.     See  Uncompliant. 

Ungovernable.     Not  able  to  be  controlled. 

Unobeyed.     Not  obeyed. 

Unruly.     Factious;  disobedient. 

Unsubmissive.     Not  subjective;  not  compliant. 


in"-sub-stan'-tial.  Unreal.  Substance-Nullity  ;  in- 
substantial pageant,  Pomp. 

in-suf'-fer-a-ble.  Intolerable.  Desire  -  Distaste, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

in"-suf-fi'-cien-cy.  Inadequacy.  Excess-Lack,  Trans- 
cursion-Shortcoming. 

in"-suf-fi'-cient.  Not  sufficient.  Excess-Lack,  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 

in"-suf-fi'-cient-ly.  In  no  sufficient  manner.  Excess- 
Lack,  Success-Failure. 

in"-suf-fla'-tion.  A  breathing  or  blowing  into  or 
upon.      River-Wind. 

in'-su-lar.     Isolated;  pertaining  to  an  island.    Connec- 


tion-Independence, Solitude-Company,  Swamp- 
Island,  Union-Disunion. 

in"-su-lar'-i-ty.     Narrowness.   Union-Disunion. 

in'-su-late.  Place  in  a  detached  situation.  Union- 
Disunion. 

in"-su-la'-tion.     Separation.    'Union-Disunion. 

in'-su-la"-tor.  A  substance  that  is  a  non-conductor. 
Electricity,  Sound-Silence. 

in-sulse'.  Stupid.  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Wittiness- 
Dulness. 

in'-sult.  Indignity.  Favorite-Anger,  Politeness- 
Impoliteness,  Regard-Disregard. 


INSULTING. 


550 


INTERCOURSE. 


in-sult'-ing.  Insolent.  Love-Hate,  Regard-Disre- 
spect. 

in"-su'-per-a-ble.  Insurmountable.  Possibility-Im- 
possibility; insuperable  obstacle,  Obstruction- 
Help. 

in"-sup-port'-a-ble.  Intolerable.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

in"-sup-press'-i-ble.  That  cannot  be  suppressed.  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness. 

in-sur'-a-ble.  Capable  of  being  insured.  Security-In- 
security. 

'.n-sur'-ance.  System  of  insuring  against  loss.  En- 
gagement-Release. 

in-sure'.  Make  sure;  secure  insurance.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Security. 

in-sur'-gent.     A  rebel.    Insubordination-Obedience. 

in"-sur-mount'-a-ble.  Insuperable.  Possibility-Im- 
possibility. 

in"-sur-rec'-tion.  Rebellion  in  its  initial  stage.  Insub- 
ordination-Obedience, Reprisal-Resistance. 

in"-sus-cep'-ti-ble.  Incapable  of  being  moved.  Muta- 
bility-Stability, Sensitiveness-Apathy;  insus- 
ceptible of  change,  Mutability-Stability. 

in-tact'.  Unimpaired.  Conservation,  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness,  Mutation-Permanence. 

in-ta'-glio.  Incised  carving.  Convexity-Concavity, 
Copy-Model,  Sculpture. 

in-tan'-gi-ble.  Imperceptible  to  the  touch.  Great- 
ness-Littleness, Tingling-Numbness. 

in'-te-ger.  Complete  person  or  thing.  Number, 
Whole-Part. 

integer  vitce  scelerisque  purus  [L.]  (in'-te-jer  vai'-ti  sel- 
er-is'-qui'  piu'-rus) .  Unimpaired  in  vigor  and  free 
from  crime.     Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

in'-te-gral.  Whole.  Number,  Whole-Part;  integral 
calculus,  Numbering;  integral  part,  Constituent- 
Alien. 

in'-te-grate.     Makeintoa  whole.     Whole-Part. 

in"-te-gra'-tion.  Making  whole.  Entirety-Defi- 
ciency, Numbering,  Whole-Part. 

in-teg'-ri-ty.  Whole;  probity.  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty, Virtue-Vice,  Whole-Part. 

in-teg'-u-ment.  Outer  covering.  Cover-Lining, 
Lamina-Fiber. 

in'-tel-lect.  Mind.  Mind-Imbecility;  absence  of  in- 
tellect, Mind-Imbecility;  exercise  of  the  intellect, 
Reflection-Vacancy. 

in"-tel-lec'-tion.  Exercise  of  the  intellect.  Mind- 
Imbecility. 

in"-tel-lec'-tu-al.  Possessing  intellect.  Mind-Imbecil- 
ity. 

in"-tel-lec"-tu-al'-i-ty.  State  of  being  intellectual. 
Mind-Imbecility. 

in-tel'-li-gence.  Mind;  news.  Mind-Imbecility,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity, Tidings-Mystery. 

in-tel'-li-gen-cer.  Messenger.  Enlightenment -Se- 
crecy. 

in-tel'-li-gent.    Discerning.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

in-tel"-li-gi-bil'-i-ty.  Comprehensibility.  Clearness- 
Obscurity. 

in-tel'-li-gi-ble.    Comprehensible.    Meaning-Jargon. 

'.n  tem'-per-ance.  Lack  of  moderation.  Excess-Lack, 
Moderation-Selfindulgence,  Teetotalism-In- 
temperance. 

in-tem'-per-ate.  Without  moderation.  Moderation- 
Selfindulgence. 

in-tem"-pes-tiv'-i-ty.  Unseasonableness.  Chronology- 
Anachronism,     Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

in-tend'.     Design.     Design. 

in-tend'-ant.     Superintendent.     Manager. 

in-tend'-ed.  Purposed.  Predetermination-Im- 

pulse, Purpose-Luck,  Volition-Obligation. 

in-tend'-ing.     Designing.     Design. 

in-tense'.     Extreme  in  degree;    ardent.     Magnitude- 


Smallness,  Vigor-Inertia;    intense  color,  Color- 
Achromatism  ;  intense  thought,  Heed-Disregard. 
in-tense'-ly.    In  an  extreme  degree.  Magnitude-Small- 

NESS. 

in-ten'-si-fy.  Heighten.  Increase-Decrease,  Vigor- 
Inertia. 

in-ten'-si-ty.  Intenseness;  current-strength.  Magni- 
tude-Smallness,  Quantity-Measure,  Vigor-In- 
ertia. 

in-tent'.  Attentive;  intention.  Activity-Indolence. 
Heed-Disregard,  Motive-Caprice,  Predetermina- 
tion-Impulse, Purpose,  Luck;  intent  upon,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Determination-Vacillation. 

in-ten'-tion.  Purpose.  Purpose-Luck;  bad  intention, 
Charitableness-Malevolence;  good  intention, 
Charitableness-Malevolence. 

in-ten'-tion-al.     Designed.   Purpose-Luck. 

in-ten"-tion-al'-i-ty.     Designedness.     Purpose-Luck. 

in-ten'-tion-al-ly.  Designedly.  Predetermination- 
Impulse,  Purpose-Luck. 

in-ten'-tive-ness.  State  of  being  intentive.  Heed-Dis- 
regard. 

in-tent'-ly.  Attentively.  Look  intently,  Sight-Blind- 
ness. 

in-tent'-ness.  Attention.  Activity-Indolence,  Heed- 
Disregard. 

in-tents' and  pur'-po-ses,  to  all.  Practically.  Entirety- 
Deficiency,   Equality-Inequality. 

in-ter'.     Bury.     Life-Funeral. 

inter  alia  [L.]  (in'-ter  e'-li-a).  Among  other  things. 
Conventionality-Unconventionality. 

internets  [L]  (in'-ter  nos) .  Between  ourselves.  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy. 

in"-ter-ac'-tion.    Reciprocal  action.     Agency. 

in-ter'-ra-lary.  Inserted.  Environment-Interposi- 
tion. 

in-ter'-ca-late.    Insert.    Environment-Interposition. 

in-ter"-ca-la'-tion.  An  insertion.  Environment-In- 
terposition. 

in"-ter-cede' .  Mediate  between  two  persons.  Media- 
tion, Petition-Expostulation. 

in"-ter-cept'.  Stop.  Obstruction-Help,  Taking- 
Restitution. 

in"-ter-cep'-tion.     A  stoppage.      Obstruction-Help. 

in"-ter-ces'-sion.  Mediation  between  persons;  prayer. 
Devotion-Idolatry,  Divinity,  Mediation,  Peti- 
tion-Expostulation. 

In"-ter-ces'-sor.   Christ.    Divinity,  Mediation. 

in"-ter-ces'-so-ry.  Interceding.  Petition-Expostu- 
lation. 

in"-ter-change\  Give  and  take.  Commutation-Per- 
mutation, Exchange;  interchange  visits,  etc.,  So- 
ciability-Privacy. 

in"-ter-change"-a-bil'-i-ty.  Allowance  of  change.  Com- 
mutation-Permutation. 

in"-ter-change'-a-ble.  Permitting  transposition.  Com- 
mutation-Permutation, Exchange, Interdepend- 
ence, Synonym-Antonym. 

in"-ter-change'-a-ble-ness.  Alternation.  Commuta- 
tion-Permutation. 

in'-ter-changed.  Changed  about.  Commutation-Per 
mutation. 

in"-ter-cip'-i-ent.     Intercepting.     Obstruction-Help. 

in"-ter-clude'.     Cutoff.     Obstruction-Help. 

in"-ter-clu'-sion.     A  cutting  off.     Obstruction-Help. 

in"-ter-com-mu"-ni-ca'-tion.  Mutual  intercourse. 
Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

in"-ter-com-mu'-ni-ty.  Mutual  communication.  So- 
ciability-Privacy. 

in"-ter-cos'-tal.     Between  the  ribs.     Anatomy. 

in'-ter-course.  Frequent  association.  Amity-Hos- 
tility, Sociability-Privacy;  verbal  intercourse, 
Conversation-Monologue,  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness. 


INTERCURRENCE. 


551 


INTERMINABLE. 


in"-ter-cur'-rence.  A  passing  between;  an  intervening 
occurrence.  Commutation-Permutation,  Environ- 
ment-Interposition, Transmission. 

in"-ter-cur'-rent.  Coming  between  or  among.  Commu- 
tation-Permutation, Environment -Interposi- 
tion, Transmission. 

in"-ter-de-pend'-ence.  Mutual  dependence.  Inter- 
dependence. 

INTERDEPENDENCE. 

Barter.     An  exchange  of  commodities  or  services. 

Correlation.     Reciprocal  relation  between  two  or  more  objects. 

Exchange.     A  transfer  of  equivalents. 

Interchange.  Alternate  transposition.  See  Commutation-Permu- 
tation. 

Interdependence.     The  dependence  of  one  upon  the  other. 

Mutuality.     The  quality  of  being  mutual. 

Mutualness.     See  Adjectives. 

Reciprocalness,  etc.  Quality  or  condition  of  being  effected  equally. 
See  Adjectives. 

Reciprocation.     A  mutual  giving  and  returning. 

Reciprocity.     Mutual  action  and  reaction. 

Interdependence — Verbs. 

Alternate.     To  vary  successively. 
Counter-change.     To  exchange  positions. 
Exchange.     To  give  for  an  equivalent  return. 
Interchange.     See  Commutation-Permutation. 
Reciprocate.     To  give  up  and  receive  mutually.         ' 

Interdependence — Adjectives. 

Alternate      One  following  the  other  in  turn. 
Commutual.     Mutual. 
Correlative.     Reciprocally  related. 
Interchangeable.     Capable  of  being  transposed. 
International.     Pertaining  to  the  mutual  relations  of  nations. 
Mutual.     Affecting  both  of  two  persons,  parties,  or  objects. 
Reciprocal.     Done  or  given  by  one,  to  or  for  the  other  in  turn. 

Interdependence — Adverbs. 
By  turns,  etc.  See  Commutation-Permutation. 
Each  other.     Each  one  the  other. 

Mutatis  mutandis  [L.fl      The  necessary  changes  having  been  made. 
Reciprocally.     See  Adjectives. 
Vice  versd  [L.||.     The  order  or  relation  being  reversed. 

in'-ter-dict".  A  prohibitive  order.  Leave-Prohibi- 
tion. 

in"-ter-dic'-tion.     Prohibition.     Leave-Prohibition. 

in"-ter-dig'-i-tate.  Place  between  the  fingers.  Cross- 
ing, Environment-Interposition. 

in"-ter-dig"-i-ta'-tion.  An  interlocking.  Crossing, 
Environment-Interposition. 

in'-ter-est.  Personal  concern;  curiosity;  payment  for 
use  of  money;  importance;  share;  excite;  please; 
amuse.  Connection-Independence,  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Credit-Debt,  Dominance-Impo- 
tence, Entertainment-Weariness,  Excitation, 
Good-Evil,  Inquisitiveness-Indifference,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness,  Property;  devoid  of  in- 
terest, Entertainment-Weariness;  feel  an  interest 
.in,  Charitableness-Malevolence;  make  interest 
for,  Obstruction-Help;  not  know  one's  own  inter- 
est, Skill-Unskilfulness;  place  out  at  interest, 
Loan-Borrowing;  take  an  interest  in,  Charitable- 
ness -  Malevolence,  Inquisitiveness  -  Indiffer- 
ence, Love-Hate;  take  no  interest  in,  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy, Unconcern;  want  of  interest,  Uncon- 
cern. 

in'-ter-est-ed.     Biased.     Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

in'-ter-est-ing.     Engaging  the  attention.     Love-Hate. 

in"-ter-fa'-cial.  Formed  by  two  faces  of  a  polyhedron. 
Mineralogy.        > 

in-ter-fere'.  Intervene;  thwart.  Cooperation-Oppo- 
sition, Environment-Interposition,  Harmony- 
Discord,  Mediation,  Obstruction-Help,  Quest- 
Evasion. 


in"-ter-fer'-ence.  Act  of  interfering.  Cooperation- 
Opposition,  Environment-Interposition. 

interim  [L]  (in'-ter-im) .  Meantime.  Coexistence, 
Duration-Neverness. 

in-te'-ri-or.     Inside.     Outside-Inside. 

in-te"-ri-or'-i-ty.     State  of  being  interior.     Outside 
Inside. 

in"-ter-ja'-cence.  State  of  being  between.  Environ- 
ment-Interposition, Middle. 

in"-ter-ja'-cent.  Lying  between.  Environment-In- 
terposition. 

in"-ter-ject'.  Introduce  abruptly.  Admission-Ex- 
pulsion, Environment-Interposition,  Injection- 
Ejection. 

in"-ter-jec'-tion.  Interpolation.  Environment-In- 
terposition, Particle. 

in"-ter-lace'.  Weave  or  twine  together.  Crossing, 
Union-Disunion. 

in"-ter-la'-cing.  Twining  together.  Interlacing  arches, 
Architecture. 

in"-ter-lard'.  Insert  frequently.  Environment-In- 
terposition, Mixture-Homogeneity. 

in"-ter-lard'-ing.  Intermixing.  Mixture-Homoge- 
neity. 

in"-ter-leave'.  Supply  with  additional  leaves.  En- 
vironment-Interposition. 

in"-ter-line'.  Write  between  the  lines  of;  write  in  alter- 
nate lines.  Environment-Interposition,  Writing- 
Printing. 

in"-ter-lin'-e-ar.  Having  translations  inserted  between 
the  lines  of  a  text.    Environment-Interposition. 

in"-ter-lin"-e-a'-tion.  Act  of  interlining.  Environ- 
ment-Interspace. 

in"-ter-link'.  Join  together.  Crossing,  Union-Dis- 
union. 

in"-ter-lo-ca'-tion.  A  placing  between.  Environ- 
ment-Interposition. 

in"-ter-lock'.    Lock  together.    Union-Disunion. 

in"-ter-lo-cu'-tion=  Conference.  Conversation-Mono- 
logue, Speech-Inarticulateness. 

in"-ter-loc'-u-tor„  One  who  takes  part  in  a  conversa- 
tion. Conversation-Monologue,  Speech-Inar- 
ticulateness. 

in"-ter-loc'-u-to-ry.  Conversational.  Conversation- 
Monologue. 

in'-ter-lo"-per.  One  who  intrudes  into  an  office,  pos- 
session, etc.,  of  another.  Constituent-Alien,  En- 
vironment-Interposition, Obstruction-Help. 

in'-ter-lude.  A  brief  farcical  comedy;  an  action  coming 
between  others  of  greater  importance.  Acting, 
Duration-Neverness. 

in"-ter-mar'-riage.  Marriage  between  persons  of  dif- 
ferent families,  races,  classes,  or  tribes.  Matrimony- 
Celibacy. 

in"-ter-mar'-ry.  Marriage  between  blood-kindred. 
Matrimony-Divorce. 

in"-ter-med'-dle.  Interfere.  Activity-Indolence,  Ob- 
struction-Help. 

in"-ter-med'-dling.    Interfering.     Mediation. 

in"-ter-me'-di-a-ry.  Located  between.  Environment- 
Interposition. 

in"-ter-me'-di-ate.    Interposed;  interfering.    Activity 
Indolence,  Environment-Interposition,  Instru- 
mentality,   Medium,    Middle;   intermediate   time, 
Duration-Neverness. 

in"-ter-me'-di-um.  Something  that  is  intermediate. 
Connective,  Environment-Interposition,  Instru- 
mentality, Medium. 

in-ter'-ment.  Burial.  Injection-Ejection,  Life- 
Funeral. 

in"-ter-mi-gra'-tion.  Reciprocal  migration.  Traveler- 
Navigation. 

in-ter'-mi-na-ble .  Having  no  limit.  Eternity-In- 
stantaneity.  Infinity,  Length-Shortness. 


INTERMINGLE. 


552     INTERPRETATION— -.MISINTERPRETATION. 


m"-ter-min'-gle.  Mingle  together.  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity. 

in"-ter-mis'-sion.  Interruption;  recess.  Continuity- 
Interruption,  Discontinuance  -  Continuance, 
Duration-Neverness,  Mixture-Homogeneity. 

in"-ter-mit'.  Interrupt;  suspend.  Continuity-Inter- 
ruption, Discontinuance  -  Continuance,  Perio- 
dicity-Irregularity. 

irV'-ter-mit'-tence.  An  intermittent  state.  Duration- 
Neverness,  Periodicity-Irregularity. 

in''-ter-mit'-tent.  Periodic.  Continuity-Interrup- 
tion, Periodicity-Irregularity;  intermittent  sand- 
filtration,  Chemistry. 

in"-ter-mit'-ting.  Having  intermissions.  Continuity- 
Interruption. 

in"-ter-mix'.     Mingle.     Mixture-Homogeneity. 

in"-ter-mu-ta'-tion.  Mutual  change.  Commutation- 
Permutation. 

in-tern'.     Internal.     Outside-Inside. 

in-ter'-nal.  Situated  within;  essential.  Outside-In- 
side, Subjectiveness-Objectiveness;  internal  evi- 
dence, Evidence-Counterevidence. 

in-ter'-nal-ly.     On  the  inside.     Outside-Inside. 

in"-ter-na'-tion-al.  Affecting  nations  generally.  Re- 
lationship, Sociability-Privacy  ;  international  law, 
Law-Lawlessness. 

in"-ter-ne'-cine.      Mutually    destructive.      Fighting- 


Conciliation,      Life-Killing;      internecine      war, 
Fighting-Conciliation. 

in"-ter-nun'-ci-o.  Envoy ;  papal  minister  at  minor 
courts.     Consignee,  Messenger. 

in"-ter-pel'.  Break  in  on.  Discontinuance-Continu- 
ance. 

in"-ter-pel-la'-tion.  Demand  for  an  official  statement; 
summons.  Address-Response,  Investigation  An- 
swer, Order,  Petition-Expostulation. 

in"-ter-pen'-e-trate.     Permeate.     Entrance-Exit. 

in"-ter-pen"-e-tra'-tion.  Mutual  penetration.  En- 
trance-Exit, Environment-Interposition,  Trans- 
mission. 

in-ter'-po-late.     To  insert.     Environment-Interposi 
tion. 

in-ter"-po-la'-tion.  Derivation  of  intermediate  values 
of  a  quantity;  insertion.  Environment-Interposi- 
tion, Numbering. 

in"-ter-pose'.  Place  between;  intercede.  Activity- 
Indolence,  Environment-Interposition,  Media- 
tion, Obstruction-Help. 

in"-ter-pos'-it.    Common  commercial  depot.     Market. 

in"-ter-po-si'-tion.  Mediation.  Activity-Indolence, 
Addition-Subtraction,  Obstruction-Help. 

in-ter'-pret .  Translate.  Decision-Misjudgment,  In- 
terpretation-Misinterpretation. 

in-ter"-pre-ta'-tion.  Explanation.  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation. 


INTERPRETATION— MISINTERPRETATION. 


Acceptance.     Meaning;  acceptation. 

Acceptation.     The  accepted  meaning  of  a  word  or  phrase. 

Acception.     The  received  meaning;  acceptation 

Annotation.     A  note,  added  by  way  of  interpretation  or  comment. 

Answer.  Something  said  or  written  in  reply  to  a  question,  a  call,  an 
argument,  or  the  like. 

Apposition.     A  placing  or  being  in  juxtaposition. 

Clue,  etc.  A  thread  that  guides  through  a  maze;  something  that 
leads  to  or  suggests  the  solution  of  a  puzzle  or  mystery,  etc.  See 
Sign. 

Comment.     A  note  or  remark  in  explanation  or  criticism. 

Commentary.  A  treatise  in  annotation  or  explanation,  as  of  the 
Scriptures. 

Construction.     The  act  of  construing;  interpretation 

Convertible  terms.      Interchangeable  terms. 

Definition.  Such  a  description  or  explanation  of  a  word  or  thing  as 
serves  to  distinguish  it  from  all  others. 

Dictionary,  etc.  A  book  containing  the  words  of  any  language,  or  of 
any  department  of  knowledge,  arranged  alphabetically,  and  usually 
also  with  the  spelling,  pronunciation,  etymology,  and  definitions 
of  the  words,  together  with  other  explanatory  or  illustrative  feat- 
ures.   See  Word. 

DUucidation.     The  act  of  making  clear. 

Eclaircissevnent  [P.].     Clearing  up;  explanation. 

Eisegesis.  The  giving  of  one's  own  thoughts  as  if  they  were 
another's. 

Elucidation.     A  making  clear;  explanation;  exposition. 

Equivalent.     That  which  is  equivalent  or  equal  in  force. 

Equivalent  meaning,  etc.  Meaning  that  is  equal  in  force.  See  Mean- 
ing. 

Exegesis.      Explanation;  exposition. 

Exemplification.     The  act  of  illustrating  by  examples. 

Explanation.     The  act  of  explaining,  expounding  or  interpreting. 

Explication.      Explanation,  as  of  a  text. 

Exposition.  Interpretation  of  the  meaning  of  something,  as  of  a 
passage;  a  commentary. 

Expounding.  The  act  of  explaining  the  points,  principles,  or  mean- 
ings of. 

Free  translation.  Rendition  of  a  work  into  another  language  with- 
out closely  adhering  to  the  original. 

Gloss.     A  note  or  comment  explanatory  of  something  obscure. 

Illustration.  The  act  of  making  clear  and  distinct;  elucidation;  that 
which  illustrates. 

Inference,  etc.      Conclusion;  deduction,  etc.     See  Decision. 

Interpretation.  Explanation  of  what  is  obscure;  the  sense  given  by 
an  interpreter;  exposition. 

Key.  That  which  serves  to  unlock  something  unknown,  or  difficult; 
as,  the  key  to  a  problem;  an  explanation. 

Lection      A  variation  in  the  text  of  an  author;  a  reading. 


Abuse  of  terms.     Improper  use  or  application  of  terms. 

Catachresis.     Faulty  or  mixed  use  of  metaphors,   strained  use  of  a 

word;  use  of  a  false  form  under  a  misunderstanding  of  its  origin. 
Cross-purposes.     Purposes  which  antagonize  one  another. 
Cross-reading.     The  reading  of  the  lines  of  a  newspaper,  etc..  directly 

across  the  page  through  the  adjoining  columns,  thus  confounding 

the  sense. 
Exaggeration,  etc.     Overstatement.     See  Gull-Hyperbole. 
False  coloring.     False  or  specious  appearance,  misrepresentation. 
False  construction.     Erroneous  interpretation  or  understanding;   an 

act  of  misconstruing. 
Falsification,  etc.     The  representing  of  anything  to  be  what  it  is  not; 

in  law,  the  intentional  alteration  of  any  document  so  as  to  render  it 

untrue.     Sec  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 
Misacceptation.     Wrongly  accepted  meaning;   wrong  sense  in  which 

a  word,  phrase,  etc.,  is  accepted  or  received. 
Misapplication.  A  wrong  or  false  application. 
Misapprehension.     Misunderstanding  of  a  fact,  sense,  or  meaning, 

mistake. 
Misconstruction.     Error  in  understanding  or  interpreting;   an  act  of 

misconstruing,  as  of  a  meaning. 
Misinterpretation.     The     act     of     interpreting     or     understanding 

wrongly  or  falsely  i 

Misrepresentation.     Wrong  or  false  representation;  incorrect,  unfair, 

or  false  statement 
Mistake,  etc.     Wrong  apprehension  or  opinion.     See  Truth-Error. 
Misunderstanding.     A  mistake  as  to  meaning  or  motive;   misappre- 
hension. 
Parody.     A  trivial  or  comical  imitation,  especially  of  a  poem;    any 

burlesque  imitation  of  something  serious. 
Perversion.     Diversion  from  the  true  meaning;    distorted  construc- 
tion; misapplication. 
Travesty.     Burlesque  treatment  of  a  subject  originally  treated  in  a 

serious  or  lofty  style. 

Misinterpretation — Verbs. 

Be  at  cross  purposes.     Have  conflicting  or  antagonistic  purposes. 

Detort.     Pervert;  distort. 

Distort.     Give  a  strained  meaning  to;  interpret  falsely. 

Explain  away.     Get  rid  of  by  explanation. 

Garble,  etc.     Change,  as  a  document,  usually  with  evil  intent    by 

suppression  or  elision,  etc.     See  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 
Give  a  false  coloring.      Misrepresent. 

Misapply.     Apply  wrongly;  devote  to  a*i  improper  purpose. 
Misapprehend.     Take  in  a  wrong  sense;  misunderstand. 
Misconceive.     Understand  erroneously. 

Misconstrue.      Interpret  erroneously;  put  a  false  meaning  to 
Misinterpret.      Interpret  wrongly  or  falsely. 
Misrepresent.     Make  false  or  wrong  representations  concerning. 


INTERPRETATION. 


553 


INTERPRETATION. 


INTERPRETATION— MISINTERPRETATION— Continued. 


Light.     That  which  illuminates  or  makes  clear  to  the  mind;    enlight- 
enment. 
Literal  translation.     Rendition  of  a  work  into  a  different  language, 

adhering  closely  to  the  original. 
Meaning.ete.     Signification;  sense,  etc.     See  Meaning. 
Metaphrase.     *  Translation  word  for  word  from  one  language  into 

another. 
Mot  d'enigme  [F.J.     Key  to  an  enigma  or  riddle. 
Note.     A  marginal  comment  or  explanation;  a  critical,  explanatory 

or  illustrative  observation. 
Paraphrase.     Any  free  translation  or  reproduction,  commonly  ex- 
planatory, of  the  sense  of  a  passage  or  work. 
Plain  interpretation.     Plain  explanation. 

Polyglot.     A  book  giving  versions  of  the  same  subject-matter  in  sev- 
eral different  languages. 
Rationale.     An  explanation  or  exposition  of  the  principles  of  some 

opinion,  action,  phenomenon,  or  the  like. 
Reading.     An  interpretation,  as  of  a  riddle,  or  of  any  latent  or  hidden 

meaning. 
Rendering.     A  version;     translation;    in  art,  the  presentation,  ex- 
pression, or  interpretation  of  an  idea,  theme,  or  part. 
Rendition.     Translation;  rendering;  version. 
Scholium.      A   marginal    annotation;    an   explanatory   remark   or 

comment. 
Secret.     That  which,  when  known,  furnishes  an  explanation  of  some- 
thing that  was  before  unexplained  or  inexplicable ;  a  key. 
Simple  interpretation.     The  plainest  or  clearest  explanation. 
Solution.     The  act  or  process  of  explaining,  settling,  or  disposing,  as 

of  a  difficulty  or  doubt. 
Strict  interpretation.     Exact,  accurate,  or  precise  interpretation. 
Synonym.     A  word  having  the  same  or  almost  the  same  meaning  as 

some  other;  the  equivalent  of  a  word  in  another  language. 
Thesaurus.     A  treasury;   a  repository  of  knowledge  or  groups  of 

words. 
Translation.     Rendition  into  another  language;  interpretation. 
Version.     A  translation,  or  the  act  of  translating,  from  one  language 
into  another. 

Interpretation — Scientific  Terms. 
Hermeneutics.     The  science  of  interpretation  and  explanation;    es- 
pecially, that  branch  of  theology  which  defines  the  laws  whereby 
the  meaning  of  the  Scriptures  is  to  be  ascertained. 
Metoposcopy.     The  study  of  physiognomy;    art  of  discovering  the 

character  of  persons  by  their  features,  or  the  lines  of  the  face. 
Paleography,  etc.      Art  or  science  of  deciphering  ancient  writings. 

See  Language. 
Physiognomy.     The  art  of  reading  character  by  the  lineaments  of  the 

face  or  form  of  the  body. 
Semeiology.     The  science  of  signs,  especially  of  the  symptoms  of 

disease. 
Symptomatology.    Semeiology. 

Interpretation — Verbs. 
Accept  in  a  particular  sense.     Receive  as  having  a  special  meaning. 
Account  for.     Give  a  rational  explanation  of. 
Annotate.     Make  explanatory  notes  upon. 
Be  given  to  understand.     To  be  explained  to. 
.Clear  up.     Make  lucid  or  clear. 
Comment  upon.     Make  expository  or  critical  notes  or  observations 

upon. 
Construe.     Translate  word  by  word;  interpret;  explain. 
Decipher.     Make  out  the  sense  or  the  meaning  of. 
Define.     State  the  meaning  of;  explain. 
Disentangle.     Free  from  perplexities  or  complications. 
Do  into.     Translate  or  transform  into. 
Elucidate.     Make  clear  by  explanation  or  interpretation. 
Enucleate.     Bring  to  light;  make  clear. 
Exemplify.     Illustrate  or  show  by  example. 
Explain.     Make  plain,  manifest,  or  intelligible. 
Expound.     Interpret;  lay  open  the  meaning  of. 
Find  out  the  meaning  of,  etc.     See  Meaning. 
Find  the  cause  of.     Make  out  the  cause  of. 
Find  the  key  of.    Find  the  explanation  of. 
Illustrate.     Explain  by  means  of  figures,  comparisons,  etc. 
Interpret.     Unfold  the  meaning  of;  construe;  translate  orally. 
Make  out.     Explain. 
Popularize,  etc.        Interpret  so  as  to  be  clear  and  acceptable  to  the 

people. 
Put  a  construction  on.     To  give  an  explanation. 
Read.     Interpret;  explain. 

Read  between  the  lines.      Comment  upon  as  one  reads. 
Receive  in  a  particular  sense.     Receive  as  having  a  special  meaning. 
Render.     Interpret;  express;  represent. 
Resolve.     Reduce  to  elementary  principles;  explain. 


MISINTERPRETATION—  Verbs— Continued. 

Misspell.     Spell  incorrectly;  decipher  wrongly. 

Mistake,  etc.     Understand  wrongly,  etc.     See  Truth-Error. 

Mistranslate.     Translate  or  interpret  wrongly. 

Misunderstand.     Take  in  a  wrong  sense;  mistake. 

Pervert.     Turn  from  its  right  purpose;  misinterpret. 

Play  at  cross  purposes.     Have  conflicting  or  antagonistic  purposes 

Play  upon  words.     Give  an  ingenious  or  witty  turn  to  words 

Put  a  bad  construction  upon.    }  ... 

Put  a  false  construction  upon.  /  M.sconstrue. 

Strain  the  meaning,    -i 

Strain  the  sense.  'Force   beyond  proper  construction    or    tru* 

Stretch  the  meaning.  [      intent. 

Stretch  the  sense.       J 

Travesty.     Treat  so  as  to  render  ridiculous;  imitate  grotesquely. 

Wrest  the  meaning.")  „        -         ..     . 

Wrest  the  sense.       /  Turn  from  the  true  waning. 

Misinterpretation — Adjectives. 
Misinterpreted,  etc.     Interpreted  wrongly  or  falsely,  etc      See  Verbs 
Untranslatable.     That  cannot  be  translated. 
Untranslated.     Not  translated. 


INTERPRETATION— Verbs— Continued. 


f-To  explain  or  interpret. 


Shed  a  fresh  light  upon. 

Shed  light  upon. 

Shed  new  light  upon. 

Solve.     Free  from  perplexing  difficulties. 

Spell  out.     Discover  by  characters  or  marks;  decipher. 

Take  in  a  particular  sense.     To  give  a  special  meaning  to. 

Tell  the  cause  of,  etc.     See  Cause. 

Throw  a  fresh  light  upon. i    „.  .         ,  ,  . 

Throw  light  upon.  I   F.1*™^*    expressions    for    explain  or 

Throw  new  light  upon.      j      interpret. 

Transfuse  the  sense  of.     Cause  the  sense  of  to  be  instilled  or  imbibed. 

Translate.     Give  the  sense  or  equivalent  of  in  another  language; 
interpret;  explain  in  other  words. 

Turn  into.     Convert  into;  change  the  form  of;  as,  to  turn  prose  into 
verse. 

Understand  by.     To  put  a  construction  on. 

Understand  in  a  particular  sense.     Understand  as  having  a  special 
meaning. 

Unfold.     Make  manifest;  reveal. 

Unravel.     Explain;  become  disentangled. 

Interpretation — Adjectives. 

Cosignificative.     Having  the  same  signification. 

Equivalent,  etc.     Equal  in  force  or  meaning,  etc.     See  Equality. 

Exegetical.     Serving  to  explain  or  interpret. 

Explanatory.     Serving  or  tending  to  explain. 

Explicative.     Explanatory. 

Explicatory.     Explicative. 

Expository.      Pertaining  to,  or  containing,  exposition;  explanatory; 
illustrative. 

Literal.     According  to   the  letter;    following    the    exact    words,    as 
translation. 

Metaphrastic.     Close,  or  literal. 

Paraphrastic.     Of  the  nature  of  a  paraphrase;    explaining,  or  trans- 
lating; not  literal. 

Polyglot.     Containing  several  languages. 

Synonymous.      Having  the  character  of  a  synonym;  expressing  the 
same  thing. 

Interpretation — Adverbs. 

Id  est  [L.f.     That  is;  namely. 

In  explanation,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

In  other  words. 

In  plain  English. 

In  plainer  English. 

In  plainer  terms. 

In  plainer  words. 

In  plain  terms. 

In  plain  words. 

Literally.     According  to  the  primary  and  natural  import  of  words, 
word  for  word. 

More  simply.     More  plainly 

Namely.     That  is  to  say; — introducing  a  particular  or  specific  desig- 
nation. 
Strictly  speaking.     Speaking  in  a  strict  manner;  precisely. 
That  is  to  say.    That  means ;  in  other  words. 

To  wit.     Namely;  that  is  to  say; — used  especially  in  legal  language, 
to  call  attention  to  a  particular  thing. 

Videlicet  [L\     To  wit'  namely. 


To  speak  plainly  in  explanation. 


INTERPRETER. 


554 


INTERSPACE— CONTACT. 


In-ter'-pret-er. 

SAYER. 


Explainer.       Interpreter,     Sooth- 


INTERPRETER. 


Annotator.     One  who  annotates;  a  commentator;  scholiast. 
Cicerone  [It.|.     An  Italian  guide  who  explains  the  antiquities  and 

curiosities  of  a  place  to  travelers. 
Commentator.     One  who  writes  commentaries,  or  makes  explanatory 

notes  on  a  text. 
Demonstrator.     One  who  exhibits  and  explains  something  or  some 

process,  as  a  teacher. 
Diseur  de  bons  mots  [F.fl.     A  sayer  of  good  things. 
Dragoman.     An  interpreter  for  foreign  travelers  in  the  East;  espe- 
cially, the  interpreter  to  an  embassy  or  consulate. 
Explainer.     One  who  explains  or  interprets. 
Exponent.     One   who   explains  or  expounds,   as  the  exponent  of 

philosophy. 
Expositor.     One  who  expounds;  one  who  makes  an  exposition  of  any 

work. 
Expounder.     One  who  explains  the  points,  principles,  or  meaning  of. 
Interpreter.     One  who  or  that  which  interprets;  a  person  who  makes 

intelligible  the  speech  of  a  foreigner  by  oral  translation. 
Metaphrast.     One  who  translates  closely  or  word  for  word. 
Mouthpiece.     One  who  speaks  for  or  on  behalf  of  another. 
(Edipus.     In   Greek   legend,   a  king  of  Thebes,  son  of  Laius  and 

Jocaste.     He  explained  the  riddle  of  and  slew  the  Sphinx. 
Oneirocritic.     One  who  interprets  dreams. 
Oracle,  etc.     See  Soothsayer. 
Paraphrast.     One  who  paraphrases  or  reproduces  the  sense  of  in 

other  terms;  one  who  translates  freely. 
Scholiast.     A  maker  of  scholia;   especially,  an  annotator  of  classical 

texts. 
Showman.     One  who  exhibits,  aids  in  exhibiting,  or  owns  a  show. 


Speaker.     One  who  speaks ,  one  who  engages  in  public  speaking;  an 

orator. 
Spokesman.     One  who  speaks  in  the  name  and  behalf  of  another  oi 

others. 
Valet  de  place  [F.j.     A  person  who  serves  as  a  guide  for  tourists. 

in"-ter-reg'-num.  Time  during  which  a  throne  is 
vacant.  Discontinuance-Continuance,  Dura- 
tion-Neverness,  Interspace-Contact,  Lastinc- 
ness-Transientness,  Rule-License. 

in-ter'-ro-gate.     Question.     Investigation-Answer. 

in-ter"-ro-ga'-tion.  Question.  Investigation-Answer, 
Rhetoric. 

in"-ter-rog'-a-tive.  Denoting  inquiry.  Rhetoric  ;  in- 
terrogative pronoun,  Pronoun. 

in"-ter-rog'-a-to-ry.  Questioning.  Investigation- 
Answer. 

in"-ter-rupt'.  Obstruct;  stop  while  in  progress.  Con- 
tinuity-Interruption, Discontinuance-Continu- 
ance, Obstruction-Help. 

in"-ter-rupt'-ed.  Irregular.  Continuity-Interrup- 
tion. 

m"-ter-rup'-tion.  Abrupt  disturbance;  interval.  Con- 
tinuity-Interruption, Discontinuance-Continu- 
ance, Interspace-Contact,  Obstruction-Help, 
Organization-Disorganization. 

in"-ter-sect\     Cut  through.     Crossing. 

in"-ter-sec'-tion.     Crossing.     Crossing. 

in'-ter-space".  Interval  of  space.  Interspace-Con- 
tact, Outside-Inside. 


INTERSPACE— CONTACT 


Incompleteness,  etc.  State  of  being  empty  or  open.  See  Entirety- 
Deficiency. 

Interruption.     The  act  of  interrupting,  a  breaking  in  or  cutting  off . 

Interspace.     Interval  of  space;  space  between. 

Interval.  An  opening  space  between  two  objects;  distance  between 
points  or  objects. 

Separation,  etc.  The  act  or  process  of  separating  or  the  condition  of 
being  separated,  division  or  parting.     See  Union-Disunion. 

Interspace — Denotations. 

..*      *  |  A  bottomless  or  unfathomed  depth. 

Breach.     A  gap  or  opening  made  by  breaking  or  battering. 
Break.     An  opening  made  by  a  fracture. 
Canon.     A  deep  gulch  worn  by  w  ate -courses. 
Cesura.     A  break  or  pause  in  a  metrical  foot. 
Chap.     A  cleft  or  crack. 

Chasm.     A  deep  opening  made  by  disruption- 
Chink.     A  small  fissure  of  greater  length  than  breadth. 
Cleft.     A  space  or  opening  made  by  splitting. 
Crack.     A  little  separation  of  parts,  with  or  without  a  perceptible 

opening. 
Cranny.     A  small  narrow  opening. 
Creek.     A  recess  in  the  shore  of  the  sea,  or  of  a  river. 
Crevasse.     A  deep  crack  in  the  ice  of  a  glacier. 
Crevice.     A  narrow  opening  resulting  from  a  split  or  crack. 
Cut.     An  opening  made  with  an  edged  instrument. 
Defile.     A  narrow  passage  in  which  troops  can  march  only  in  file. 
Dike.     A  ditch. 

Fissure.     A  narrow  opening  made  by  the  parting  of  any  substance. 
Flaw.     A  crack  or  breach. 
Frith.     The  opening  of  a  river  into  the  sea. 
Furrow,  etc.     A  trench  in  the  earth  made  by,  or  as  by,  a  plow.     See 

Groove. 
Gap.     An  opening  in  an  ything  made  by  breaking  or  parting 
Gash.     A  deep  and  long  cut. 
Gorge      A  narrow  passage  or  entrance. 
Gulf.     A  hollow  place  in  the  earth. 

Gully.     A  channel  or  hollow  worn  in  the  earth  by  a  current  of  water. 
Ha-ha,     A  ditch  not  visible  until  one  is  close  upon  it. 
Hiatus.     An  opening  or  gap;   a  defect  in  a  manuscript  where  some 

part  is  lost. 


Hiatus  maxime  deflendus  .1  ,-    .       . 
Hiatus  valde  deflendus.      )  l     '' 


gap  greatly  to  be  deplored. 

Hole.     An  opening  in  or  through  a  solid  body. 

Inlet.     A  passage  by  which  an  enclosed  place  may  be  entered. 

Interregnum.     The  time  during  which  a  throne  is  vacant. 


Abutment.     The  act  or  state  of  abutting;    that  which  abuts  or  Is 

abutted  upon. 
Adhesion,  etc.     The  act  of  adhering  or  sticking  to  anything     the 

state  of  being  attached  or  joined.     See  Cohesion. 
Apposition.     The  act  of  placing  side  by  side,  together,  or  in  contact. 
Appulse.     An  approach  or  impact  of  one  moving  body  toward  or 

upon  another. 
Coexistence.     Concurrent  existence. 

Coincidence.     The  act  or  state  of  coinciding,  or  that  which  coincides. 
Contact.     The  coming  together  of  two  bodies  in  space;  meeting. 
Contiguity.     The  relation  of  being  contiguous  or  in  actual  contact. 
Juxtaposition.     A  placing  close  together,  side  by  side;  contiguity. 
Meeting.     A  coming  together;  an  assembling. 
Osculation.     The  act  of  kissing;   in  geometry,  the  contact  between 

any  given  curve  and  another  curve  of  the  same  curvature  at  the 

point  of  contact. 
Proximity.     The  state  of  being  near  or  next  in  time,  place,  etc.; 

nearness. 
Rencontre  [F.\     Meeting. 
Rencounter.     A  sudden   hostile    collision,   as  with  an  enemy;  an 

unexpected  meeting,  as  of  travelers.    . 
Syzygy.     One  of  the  pair  of  opposite  points  of  an  orbit  where  the 

moving  body  is  in  conjunction  with  or  opposition  to  the  sun,   in 

biology,  an  immovable  union  between  two  brachials  of  a  crinoid; 

in  zoology,  the  conjunction  of  two  organisms  without  loss  of  iden- 
tity. 
Touching,  etc.     The  act  of  one  who  touches.     See  Verbs. 

Contact — Denotations. 
Border-land.     Land  lying  along  the  limits  or  boundary. 
Frontier,  etc.     That  part  of  a  country  which  fronts  or  faces  another 

country.     See  Boundary. 
Tangent.     The  portion  of  a  straight  line,  or  the  straight  line    *hi<h 

touches  a  curve 

Contact — Verbs. 
Abut  on.     Touch  at  the  end  or  boundary-line;  be  contiguous. 
Adhere,  etc.     Stick  fast  or  together,  etc.     See  Cohesion. 
Adjoin.     Lie  next  or  contiguous  to,  border  on. 
Be  contiguous,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Coexist.     Exist  together  at  the  same  time  or  in  the  same  p^ce  or 

conditions. 
Coincide.     Fall  in  together;  collapse;  have  the  same  relations  in  any 

respect. 
Come  in  contact.  Touch. 

Graze.     Touch,  brush,  or  rub  lightly  the  surface  of  in  passing. 
Join.     Set   or  bring  together  or  into  connection;  be  next  to  each 

other 


INTERSPACE 


555 


INTRANSITIVE. 


INTERSPACE— CONTACT— Continued. 


INTERSPACE — Denotations— Continued. 

Interstice.     A  crevice;  an  interval. 

Lacuna  [L.fl.       A  space  from   which  something  has  been  omitted, 

lost,  or  removed. 
Leak.     A  crack  which  admits  water. 
Mesh.     The  opening  enclosed  by  the  threads  of  a  net. 
Opening.     A  vacant  place;  a  hole. 
,  Parenthesis,  etc.     A  word,  phrase,  or  sentence  inserted  in  another 

sentence.     See  Environment-Interposition. 
Pass.     An  opening  through  a  dangerous  or  otherwise  impassable 

barrier. 
Ravine.     A  deep  and  narrow  hollow. 
Rent.     A  break  or  breach  made  by  force. 
Rift.     An  opening  made  by  riving  or  splitting. 
Rime.     A  fissure  or  chink. 

Scissure.     A  long  opening  in  a  body  made  by  cutting. 
Slit.     A  long  cut  or  narrow  opening. 
Strait.     A  narrow  pass  or  passage. 
Void.     An  empty  space. 
Yawning  gulf.    A  deep  chasm. 

Interspace — Verbs, 

Gape,  etc.  Open  the  mouth  wide;  split  or  crack  open  wide.  See 
Aperture. 

Interspace — Adjectives. 

Far  between.     Occurring  at  long  intervals. 
With  an  interval.     Being  open. 

in"-ter-sperse'.  Distribute  scatteringly.  Environ- 
ment-Interposition, Gathering-Scattering. 

in'-ter-sper'-sion.  A  scattering.  Environment-In- 
terposition, Gathering-Scattering. 

in'-ter-stice.    Crevice.    Interspace-Contact. 

in"-ter-sti'-tial.  Pertaining  to  interstices.  Environ- 
ment-Interposition, Outside-Inside. 

in"-ter-tex'-ture.  Act  of  interweaving.  Crossing,  Tex- 
ture. 

in"-ter-twine'.  Twine  together.  Crossing,  Mixture- 
Homogeneity,  Union-Disunion. 

in"-ter-twist'.  Twist  together.  Crossing,  Union-Dis- 
union. 

in'-ter-val.  Open  space  between  two  objects;  inter- 
vening time.  Duration-Neverness,  Interspace- 
Contact,  Melody-Dissonance;  at  intervals,  Con- 
tinuity-Interruption, Interspace-Contact;  at 
regular  intervals,  Periodicity-Irregularity. 

in"-ter-vene' .  Divide  by  coming  between ;  interpose. 
Continuity-Interruption,  Duration-Neverness, 
Environment-Interposition,  Instrumentality, 
Mediation. 

in"-ter-ve'-nience.  State  of  intervening.  Environ- 
ment-Interposition. 

in"-ter-ve'-ning.  Coming  between.  Environment- 
Interposition. 

in"-ter-ven'-tion.  Interposition.  Difficulty-Facili- 
ty, Duration-Neverness,  Environment-Interpo- 
sition, Instrument. 

in'-ter-vert'.  Change  about;  divert.  Aim-Aberration, 
Mutation-Permanence. 

in'-ter-view.  Formal  conference.  Conversation- 
Monologue,  Sociability-Privacy. 

in"-ter-volved".  Coiled  into  each  other.  Union-Dis- 
union. 

in"-ter-weave'.  Weave  together.  Crossing,  En- 
vironment-Interposition, Mixture-Homogene- 
ity, Union-Disunion. 

in"-ter-work'-ing.     Working  together.     Agency. 

in-tes'-tate.  Not  having  made  a  valid  will.  Mark- 
Obliteration. 

in-tes'-ti-nal .     Internal.     Outside-Inside. 

in-tes'-tine.     Internal.     Outside-Inside. 

in-tes'-tines.     Bowels.     Outside-Inside. 

in-thrall'.  Enslave.  Liberty-Subjection,  Release- 
Restraint. 


CONTACT— Verbs— Continued. 

Meet.     Come  to  and  touch  or  unite  with;   become  contiguous  tu  ol 

joined  with. 
Osculate.     Kiss;  in  geometry,  touch  by  osculation. 
Touch.     Be  in  or  come  into  contact  with. 

Contact — Adjectives. 

Close  to,  etc.     In  contact  with.     See  Remoteness-Nearness. 

Conterminous.     Having  common  limits  or  boundaries. 

Contiguous.     Touching  or  joining  at  the  edge  or  boundary. 

End  to  end.     Contiguous. 

Hand  to  hand.     In  close  union;  within  touch. 

In  contact,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Osculatory.  Of  or  pertaining  to  kissing;  having  the  property  ot 
coinciding. 

Pertingent.     Touching. 

Tangential.  Of,  pertaining  to,  or  moving  in  the  direction  of  a  tan- 
gent. 

Touching,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

With  no  interval,  etc.     Having  no  space  between.     See  Interspace. 


INTERSPACE— Continued. 

Interspace — Adverbs. 

At  intervals,  etc.     "With  intervening  periods  or  spaces,  etc.     See 

Continuity-Interruption. 
Longo  intervallo  [L.fl.     With  a  long  interval. 

in'-ti-ma-cy.     Close  friendship.     Amity-Hostility. 

in'-ti-mate.  Familiarly  acquainted.  Amity-Hos- 
tility, Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Remoteness- 
Nearness. 

in'-tim-ate-ly.  In  an  intimate  manner.  Union-Dis- 
union. 

in"-ti-ma'-tion.     Hint.     Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

in-tim'-i-date.  Make  afraid.  Charitableness- 
Menace,  Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Sanguine- 
ness-Timidity. 

in-tim"-i-da'-tion.  A  scaring.  Charitableness- 
Menace,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

in'-to.  To  the  inside  of.  Go  into,  Entrance-Exit; 
put  into,  Injection-Ejection;  run  into,  Injection- 
Ejection. 

in-tol'-er-a-ble.  Insufferable.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

in-tol'-er-ance.  Bigotry;  insolence.  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy, Charitableness-Malevolence,  Excitabil- 
ity-Inexcitability. 

in-tol'-er-ant.  Illiberal.  Decision-Misjudgment, 
Excitability-Inexcitability. 

in-tomb'.     Bury.     Life-Funeral. 

in"-to-na'-tion.  Modulation  of  the  voice  in  speaking. 
Melody-Dissonance,  Sound-Silence,  Vocaliza- 
tion-Muteness. 

in-tone'.  Recite  in  a  musical  monotone.  Devotion- 
Idolatry,  Musician. 

in-tort'.     Wind  in  and  out.     Circle-Winding. 

in-tox'-i-cate.  To  overcome  with  wine,  or  excitement. 
Excitation. 

in-tox'-i-ca"-ted.      Drunk.      Teetotalism-Intemper- 

ANCE. 

in-tox"-i-ca'-tion.  Drunkenness;  excitement.  Ex- 
citability-Inexcitability, Excitation,  Teetotal- 
ism-Intemperance. 

intra,  ab  [L.]  (in'-tra,  ab).  From  within.  Outside- 
Inside. 

in-trac'-ta-ble.  Unruly.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility, Favorite-Moroseness. 

in"-tra-mu'-ral.    Within  the  wall.     Outside-Inside. 

in-tran'-sient.  Not  passing  away  quickly.  Lasting- 
ness-Transientness. 

in-tran'-si-tive.  Not  passing  farther.  Lastingness- 
Transientness;  intransitive  verb.  Verb. 


INTRANSMUTABLH. 


INVERSE. 


in"-trans-mu'-ta-ble.  Not  capable  of  being  changed 
into  another  substance.  Lastingness-Transient- 
ness,  Mutability-Stability. 

in-trap'.     Catch  in  a  trap.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

in"-tra-re-gard'-ing.     Looking  into.     Outside-Inside. 

in-trench'.  Throw  up  breastworks.  Attack-Defense, 
Security-Insecurity;  intrench  on,  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming. 

in-trench'-ment.     Breastwork.     Attack-Defense. 

in-trep'-id.     Fearless  and  bold.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

in"-tre-pid'-i-ty.     Bravery.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

in'-tri-ca-cy.     Perplexity.     Difficulty-Facility. 

in'-tri-cate.  Entangled;  difficult  to  follow.  Circle- 
Winding,  Difficulty-Facility,  Regularity-Ir- 
regularity. 

in'-tri-gant".  A  man  given  to  intrigue.  Activity- 
Indolence,  Craft-Artlessness,  Design,  Purity- 
Rake. 

in-trigue'.  Plot;  liaison.  Activity-Indolence, 
Craft-Artlessness,  Midcourse-Circuit,  Purity- 
Impurity. 

in-trigu'-er.     Schemer.     Craft-Artlessness. 

in-trigu'-ing.     Scheming.     Craft-Artlessness. 

in-trin'-sic.  Inherent.  Nature-Art,  Subjective- 
ness-Objectiveness;  intrinsic  evidence,  Evidence- 
Counterevidence;  intrinsic  habit,  Habit-Desue- 
tude ;  intrinsic  truth,  Truth-Error. 

in-trin'-sic-al.  Inherent.  Subjectiveness-Objec- 
tiveness. 

in-trin"-si-cal'-i-ty.  Quality  of  being  intrinsic.  Sub- 
jectiveness-Objectiveness. 

in-trin'-si-cal-ly.  Inherently.  Subjectiveness-Ob- 
jectiveness. 

in"-trc-duce'.  Bring,  lead  or  put  in.  Addition-Sub- 
traction, Admission-Expulsion,  Environment- 
Interposition,  Injection-Ejection,  Leading-Fol- 
lowing, Precedence-Succession;  introduce  new 
blood,  Excitation,  Mutation-Permanence;  intro- 
duce new  conditions,  Modification;  introduce  to, 
Amity-Hostility. 

in"-trc-duc'-tion.  Act  of  introducing.  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Acting,  Amity-Hostility,  Environ- 
ment-Interposition, Injection-Ejection,  Lead- 
ing-Following, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Pre- 
cedence-Succession, Predecessor-Continuation. 

in"-tro-duc'-to-ry.  Prefatory.  Antecedence -Se- 
quence, Beginning-End,  Precedence -Succes- 
sion, Predecessor-Continuation. 

in"-trc-gres'-sion.     Entrance.     Entrance-Exit. 

in-tro'-it.     The  entrance.     Ceremonial. 

in"-trc-mis'-sion.  Introduction.  Admission-Expul- 
sion. 

in"-tro-mit'.  Insert;  intermeddle.  Admission-Ex- 
pulsion, Discontinuance-Continuance,  Injec- 
tion-Ejection. 

in"-tro-spec'-tion.  Looking  within.  Heed-Disregard, 
Sigiit-Blindmess. 

in''-tro-spec'-tive.  Looking  within.  Reflection- 
Vacancy. 

in"-tro-ver'-sion.     A  turning  in.     Reversal. 

in"-trc-verf .     Turn  within.     Reversal. 

in-trude'.  Interfere;  encroach.  Connection-Inde- 
pendence, Entrance-Exit,  Environment-Inter- 
position, Harmony-Discord,  Opportuneness-Un- 
suitableness. 

in-tru'-der.  One  who  enters  without  leave  or  welcome. 
Constituent-Alien,  Environment-Interposition. 

in-tru'-sion.  Encroachment.  Connection-Inde- 
pendence. Entrance-Exit,  Environment-Inter- 
position, Harmony-Discord,  Opportuneness-Un- 
suitableness. 

in-tru'-sive.  Coming  without  warrant.  Environ- 
ment-Interposition, Harmony-Discord,  Oppor- 
tuneness-Unsuitableness. 


in-trust'.  Commit;  confide.  Commission-Abroga- 
tion, Loan-Borrowing. 

in"-ru-i'-tion.  Instinctive  knowledge.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Mind-Imbecility,  Ratiocination-In- 
stinct. 

in-tu'-i-tive.  Perceived  by  the  mind  immediately. 
Ratiocination-Instinct. 

in-tu'-i-tive-ly.  Learned  immediately.  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct. 

in"-tu-mes'-cence.  A  swelling.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Enlargement-Diminution. 

in-twine'.  Twist  into  or  together.  Circle-Winding. 
Union-Disunion. 

in-unc'-tion.     Act  of  anointing.     Cover-Lining. 

in-un'-date.  Deluge.  Excess-Lack,  River-Wind, 
Water-Air. 

in"-un-da'-tion.  Overflow.  Excess-Lack,  River- 
Wind. 

in-un"-der-stand'-ing.  Unintelligent.  Reflection- 
Vacancy. 

in"-ur-ban'-i-ty.  Rudeness.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness. 

in-ure'.  Harden  by  use.  Education-Misteaching, 
Habit  -  Desuetude,  Preparation  -  Nonprepara- 
tion,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

in-wed'.     Hardened.     Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

in-ure'-ment.  Habit;  practise.  Habit-Desuetude, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

in-u"-si-ta'-tion.     Disuse.     Habit-Desuetude. 

in-u'-tile.     Useless.     Usefulness-Uselessness. 

in"-u-tU'-i-ty.  Unprofitableness.  Propriety-Impro- 
priety, Usefulness-Uselessness. 

in-vade'.  Enter  with  hostile  intent.  Attack-Lk- 
fense,  Entrance-Exit. 

in-va'-der.     One  who  invades.     Attack-Defense. 

in'-val-id.     A  sickly  person.     Health-Sickness. 

in-val'-id.  Having  no  force  or  weight.  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct. 

in-val'-i-date.  Weaken;  confute.  Dueness-Undue- 
ness,  Might -Impotence,  Proof -Disproof, 
Strength-Weakness. 

in-val"-i-da'-tion.  State  of  being  invalidated.  Health- 
Sickness,  Proof-Disproof,  Strength-Weakness. 

in'-va-lid"-ed.     Rendered  infirm.     Health-Sickness. 

in"-va-lid'-i-ty.  Want  of  cogency.  Might-Impo- 
tence. 

in-val'-u-a-ble.     Inestimable.     Goodness-Badness. 

in-va"-ri-a-bil'-i-ty.  Constancy.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality. 

in-va'-ri-a-ble.  Unchangeable.  Mutability-Stability, 
Subjectiveness-Objectiveness.  Uniformity-Di- 
versity. 

in-va'-ri-a-bly.     Uniformly.      Uniformity-Diversity. 

in-va'-sion.  Hostile  entrance.  Attack-Defense, 
Entrance-Exit. 

in-vec'-tive.  Railing  accusation.  Adulation-Dispar- 
agement, Approval- Disapproval,  Charitable- 
ness-Curse, Justification-Charge. 

in-veigh'.  Utter  vehement  censure.  Appro  vi.-Disap- 
proval. 

in-vei'-gle.  Entice;  hoodwink.  Motive-C.  rr.ir-:,  Pa- 
triotism-Treason, Truthfulness-Fr  a  vd. 

in-vent'.  Fabricate;  devise.  Design,  Fanc- .  ruth- 
fulness-Falsehood. 

in-vent'-ed.   Fabricated.  Truthfulness-Fa^:-:c.'tion. 

in-ven'-tion.      Device;     idea;    skill  in  contriving;    lie.         > 
Design,  Fancy,  Skill-Unsk/lfulness,  T.juthfll- 
ness-Fabrication,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

in-vent'-ive.  Quick  at  contrivance.  Fancy,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness. 

in-vent'-or.     One  who  invents.     Maker-Destroyer. 

in'-ven-to"-ry.     A  detailed  account.    Record. 

in-verse'.  Opposed;  inverted.  Laterality-Contra- 
position,  Reversal,  Sameness-Contrast. 


INVERSELY. 


557 


INVESTIGATION— ANSWER. 


in-verse'-ly.     In  an  inverse  order.    Reversal. 

in-ver'-sion.  Act  of  inverting.  Conversiom-Reter- 
sion,  Laterality-Contraposition,  Mutation-Per- 
manence, Organization-Disorganization,  Rever- 
sal, Rhetoric,  Sameness-Contrast,  Simplicity- 
Floridness. 

in-vert'.  Reverse.  Chemistry,  Reversal,  Sameness- 
Contrast. 

in-vert'-ed.     Reversed.     Architecture,  Reversal. 

in-vest'.  Clothe;  expend;  layout;  besiege.  Attack- 
Defense,      Commission-Abrogation,       Dress-Un- 


dress, Giving  -  Receiving,  Loan  -  Borrowing, 
Might-Impotence,  Outlay-Income;  invest  in,  Buy- 
ing-Sale,  Establishment-Removal;  invest  money, 
Generosity-Frugality;  invest  with,  Rationale- 
Luck. 

in-vest'-ed.     Clothed.     Dress-Undress. 

in-ves'-ti-gate.  Inquire.  Decision-Misjudgment,  In- 
vestigation-Answer. 

in-ves"-ti-ga'-tion.  Careful  inquiry  or  search.  Inves- 
tigation-Answer. 


INVESTIGATION— ANSWER. 


Analysis.  An  examination  of  anything  by  resolving  it  into  its 
original  or  constituent  elements. 

Calculation.  The  act  of  determining  or  ascertaining  by  mathemati- 
cal processes. 

Catechism.  A  form  of  investigation  or  instruction  by  means  of 
questions  and  answers. 

Challenge.  An  invitation  to  engage  in  a  contest  or  controversy  of 
any  kind. 

Close  inquiry.  A  thorough  search  for  information  by  asking  ques- 
tions. 

Cross-examination.  The  questioning  of  a  witness  by  the  party 
against  whom  he  has  been  called  and  examined. 

Discussion.     Examination  by  argument.     See  Ratiocination. 

Dissection.  The  ct  of  separating  or  dividing  for  the  purpose  of 
close  examination . 

Domiciliary  visit.  A  visit  to  a  private  residence  for  the  purpose  of 
searching  it. 

Espionage.     The  practise  of  watching  the  conduct  of  others. 

Examination.     A  critical  investigation. 

Exhaustive  inquiry.  A  search  for  information  which  embraces  all 
sources. 

Exploitation.  A  careful  investigation  undertaken  for  a  special  pur- 
pose; bringing  into  use  and  public  knowledge. 

Indagation.     The  act  of  searching  out. 

Inquest.     A  judicial  investigation  into  the  causes  of  death. 

Inquiry.     A  seeking  for  information  by  asking  questions. 

Inquisition.     An  official  examination. 

Interpellation.     The  act  of  demanding  of  an  official  an  explanation. 

Interrogation.     An  examination  by  questions. 

Interrogatory.     A  formal  question  or  inquiry. 

Investigation.     A  systematic  search  for  a  cause  or  for  truth. 

Narrow  search.     A  search  covering  small  ground  or  few  sources. 

Peep  behind  the  curtain.     A  secret  investigation. 

Perquisition.     A  thorough  inquiry  or  search. 

Perscrutation .     An  investigation  covering  the  minutest  points. 

Pervestigation.     A  diligent  and  thorough  investigation. 

Prying  questioning,  etc.  A  close  and  impertinent  inspection.  See 
Verbs. 

Pursuit,  etc.     An  earnest  endeavor  to  attain.     See  Quest. 

Query.     A  question. 

Quest.     Attempt  to  find  or  obtain.     See  Quest. 

Question.     Examination  with  reference  to  a  decisive  result. 

Reconnaissance.  j  A        Uminary  examination,  or  survey. 
Reconnoitenng.   )      " 

Request.     An  asking  for  something.     See  Petition. 
Research.     Continued  and  diligent  investigation. 
Resolution.     An  investigation  made  by  resolving  into  parts. 
Review.     An  investigation  repeated  with  a  view  to  improvement. 
Scrutiny.     A  close  investigation. 

Search.     A  thorough  investigation  with  a  specific  object  in  view. 
Searching  inquiry.     An   examination  embracing  all  sources  of  in- 
formation. 
Sifting.     A  critical  and  minute  examination. 
Strict  inquiry.)  A  thorough  examination. 
Strict  search.  ) 

Trial.     Examination  by  a  test;  judicial  examination. 
Ventilation.     The  act  of  bringing  to  view  or  examination. 

Investigation — Denotations. 

Ad  referendum  [LJ.      Question  for  further  consideration. 

Bone  of  contention,  etc.  An  unsettled  controversy.  See  Variance- 
Accord. 

Desideratum  [L.|  That  which  is  desired;  the  end  of  an  investi- 
gation . 

Enigma.     A  dark  or  obscure  saying.     See  Tidings-Mystery. 

Fair  question.     A  proper  question  to  ask  in  an  investigation. 

Feeler.     A  question  put  forth  to  ascertain  the  views  of  others. 

Field  of  controversy.  1  The  entife  subject  of  investigation 

Field  of  inquiry.  i 


Acknowledgment.     The  act  of  admitting  the  truth  of. 

Answer.     Something  said  in  return  to  a  question. 

Antiphon.     Any  fitting  answer. 

Antiphony .     An  anthem  sung  responsively. 

Echo.     A  sound  thrown  back  by  a  reflecting  surface. 

Password.     A  prearranged  answer  to  a  sentry's  challenge. 

Rationale.     An  explanation  of  the  principles  of  some  opinion.     See 

Cause. 
Rebutter.     A  defendant's  answer  to  a  plaintiff's  surrejoinder. 
Rejoinder.     An  answer  to  a  reply. 
Repartee.     A  ready  and  witty  retort. 
Replication .    , A  plaintiff's  reply  to  a  defendant's  plea. 
Reply.     Something  given  as  an  answer  in  return  for  something  that 

calls  for  it. 
Rescript.     An  answer  in  writing. 
Rescription.     The  answering  of  a  letter. 
Response.     A  reply  to  an  objection  in  formal  disputation. 
Retort.     A  keen  rejoinder. 
Return.     An  answer.     See  Mark. 
Riposte  [F-0-     Repartee. 

Solution.  An  answer  to  a  problem.  See  Interpretation. 
Surrebutter.  The  plaintiff's  reply  to  a  defendant's  rebutter. 
Surrejoinder.     The  answer  of  a  plaintiff  to  a  defendant's  rejoinder 

Answer — Associated  Nouns, 

Clue,  etc.     The  thread  leading  through  the  labyrinth ;  a  means  of 

guidancer     See  Sign. 
Discovery,  etc.     Act  of  bringing  to  light.     See  Discovery. 
CEdipus.     A  character  in  Grecian  story,  who  solved  the  riddle  of 

the  Sphinx;  hence,  one  clever  at  solving  riddles. 
Oracle.     A  person  reputed  uncommonly  wise.     See  Soothsayer. 

Answer — Verbs. 

Acknowledge.     To  admit  to  be  true. 

Answer.     To  speak  in  return  to  a  question. 

Determine.     To  bring  a  question  or  controversy  to  an  end. 

Discover,  etc.     To  make  known.     See  Discovery. 

Echo.     To  repeat  with  assent. 

Explain,  etc.     To  make  intelligible.     See  Interpretation. 

Fathom.     To  make  the  hidden  meaning  known. 

Give  answer.      To  respond. 

Hunt  out,  etc.     To  search  for.     See  Investigation. 

Rebut.     To  contradict  by  counter-proof. 

Rejoin.     To  answer  to  a  reply. 

Reply.     To  make  a  return  in  words  or  writing  to  some  statement 

made  by  another. 
Respond.     To  make  a  reply  in  words. 
Retort.     To  make  a  keen  rejoinder. 
Return  answer  for.     To  answer  in  some  one's  stead. 
Satisfy.     To  give  a  gratifying  answer. 
Set  at  rest.     To  remove  all  doubts  or  suspicions. 
Solve,  etc.     To  give  a  clear  explanation  which  removes  all  perplexa 

ties;  to  untie  the  knot.     See  Interpretation. 

Answer — A  djectives . 

Answering,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Conclusive.     Deciding  the  question  in  dispute. 
Respondent.     Giving  response. 
Responsive.     Ready  or  inclined  to  answer. 

Answer — Adverbs. 

Because,  etc.     By  reason  of.     See  Cause. 

On  the  right  scent.     Following  up  the  correct  clue. 

On  the  scent.     Following  up  a  clue. 

Answer — Interjection. 

Eureka!  [Gr.|     I  have  found  it',      f  Archimedes.) 


INVESTIGATION. 


558 


INVESTIGATION. 


INVESTIGATION— Denotations— Continued. 


Issue.     The  result  of  an  investigation. 

Knotty  point,  etc.     A  question,  the  solution  of  which  requires  much 
investigation.     See  Difficulty-Facility. 

Moot  Doint  i  ^ne  SUDJect  under  investigation. 

Open  question.     A  subject  not  settled  by  an  investigation. 

Plain  question.     A  question  bearing  directly  on  the  matter  under 

investigatidh. 

Point  in  dispute.     lu  ,.        ,  •         *•     *• 

.    J-  Matter  of  investigation. 


Porism.     A  proposition   affirming  the   possibility  of  finding  such 

conditions  as  will  render  a  determinate  problem  indeterminate. 
Problem.     A  matter  to  be  investigated. 
Question  at  issue.     The  subject  of  investigation. 
Quod  libet  [L.fl.     A  debatable  point. 
Subject  of  controversy,  I  „  ■         M     , 
Subject  of  inquiry.  /  Matter  for  investigation. 

Threshold  of  inquiry.     A  question  not  entirely  solved. 


Point  to  be  solved. 


Investigation — Nouns  of  Means. 


Baconian  method.     Induction. 

Induction.     The  process  of  reasoning  from  a  part  to  the  whole,  from 

particulars  to  generals,  or  from  the  individual  to  the  universal. 
Socratic  method.     Reasoning  by  a  series  of  questions  leading  the  one 


to  whom  they  were  addressed  to  perceive  and  admit  what  was  true 
or  false. 
Zetetic  philosophy.     A  method  of  finding  the  value  of  unknown 
quantities  by  direct  search. 


Investigation — Nouns  of  Agent. 


Analyst.     One  skilled  in  analysis. 

Catechist.     One  who  instructs  by  question  and  answer. 

Correspondent.     One  who  communicates  information. 

Examiner.     One  who  examines. 

Inquirer.     One  who  makes  an  investigation. 

Inquisitor.     A  judicial  examiner. 


Inspector.     One  charged  to  make  investigations. 

Investigator.     One  who  investigates. 

Querist.     One  who  asks  questions. 

Quidnunc  [L.J.     An  inquisitive  person.     See  Inquisitiveness. 

Scrutator.     One  who  makes  careful  investigation. 

Scrutineer.     An  examiner  of  votes  at  an  election. 


Investigation — Verbs. 


Agitate.     To  examine  and  discuss  with  heat. 

Analyze.     To  make  a  critical  and  minute  examination. 

Anatomize.     To  cut  in  pieces    for  the   purpose   of  examining    the 

structure. 
Ask.     To  seek  information. 

Audit.     To  examine  an  account  with  a  view  to  correctness. 
Beat  up  one's  quarters.     To  make  a  careful  investigation  for  a  clu'e. 
Be  in  question.     To  be  under  investigation. 
Bring  in  question.     To  subject  to  an  investigation  concerning  the 

truth  of. 
Calculate.     To  investigate  by  thinking  out. 
Canvass.     To  make  a  detailed  examination . 
Carry  on  an  inquiry.     To  prosecute  an  inquiry. 
Catechize.     To  inquire  into  conduct  or  belief  by  questioning. 
Conduct  an  inquiry.     To  take  direction  of  an  inquiry. 
Consider.     To  examine  mentally. 

Cross-examine.)  To  examine  the  reliability  of  evidence  by  question- 
Cross-ques  ti  on . }       ing. 

Delve  into.     To  make  a  laborious  investigation  into. 
Demand.     To  inquire  urgently. 

Dip  into.     To  engage  temporarily  in  an  investigation. 
Discuss.     To  make  a  question  clearer  by  arguing  it. 
Dissect.     To  examine  the  structure  by  cutting  apart. 
Dive  into.     To  make  a  deep  investigation. 
Dodge.     To  investigate  with  dexterous  trickery. 
Examine.     To  investigate  critically ;  to  weigh. 
Explore.     To  make  a  close  and  strict  investigation. 
Fathom.     To  investigate  to  the  very  bottom. 
Feel  for,  etc.     To  investigate  by  putting  forth  something  indirectly. 

See  Trial. 
Feel  the  pulse.     To  test  one's  feelings. 
Ferret  out.     To  discover  by  a  sharp  and  persevering  search. 

Fish  out    f  ^°  investifiate  by  artifice. 

Follow  the  scent.     To  carry  on  an  investigation  by  following  clues. 
Follow  the  trail.     To  conduct  an  investigation  by  following  indica- 
tions. 
Follow  up  an  inquiry.     To  search  closely. 

Go  deep  into.     To  conduct  a  serious  and  thorough  investigation. 
Go  into  a  question.     To  study  a  question. 

Go  over.     To  make  an  investigation  covering  the  whole  ground. 
Go  through.     To  examine  carefully. 

Grapple  with  a  question.     To  attempt  to  solve  a  question. 
Hunt.     To  search  diligently  for. 

Hunt  out.     To  make  a  close  search  for  one  thing  among  other  things 
Inquire.     To  investigate  by  asking  questions. 
Institute  an  inquiry.     To  establish  an  inquiry. 
Interrogate.     To  put  questions  to. 

Investigate.     To  make  a  systematic  search;  to  follow  tracks. 
Leave  no  stone  unturned.     To  make  a  thorough  examination. 
Look  about  for.     To  search. 
Look  at.    1 

Look  for.  >To  examine. 
Look  into.)  * 

Look  into  every  hole  and  corner.     To  examine  thoroughly. 


To  investigate. 


Look  out  for. 

Look  over. 

Look  round. 

Look  through.. 

Make  inquiry,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Make  sure  of.     To  find  out  certainly. 

Moot  a  question.     To  present  a  subject  for  discussion. 

Mouse.     To  investigate  slyly  and  patiently. 

Overhaul.     To  examine  carefully. 

Parse.     To  resolve  into  its  grammatical  elements. 

Pass  in  review.     To  examine  critically  and  deliberately. 

Peer.     To  look  into  attentively  and  inquiringly. 

Peer  into  every  hole  and  corner.     To  examine  thoroughly. 

Pick  the  brains  of.     To  examine  one  very  thoroughly. 

Pop  a  question.     To  ask  a  question  unexpectedly. 

Preexamine.     To  examine  beforehand. 

Probe.     To  investigate  into  the  causes  and  circumstances  rnoroughly. 

Probe  to  the  bottom.)  To    investigate     into     the     most,     ^onvvaied 

Probe  to  the  quick.   /      causes. 

Propose  a  question.     To  offer  a  question  for  consideration. 

Propound  a  question.     To  state  a  question  formally    tor  considera- 
tion or  solution. 

Prosecute  an  inquiry.     To  begin  and  carry  on  an  inquiry. 

Pry.     To  investigate  with  sly  curiosity. 

Pry  into  every  hole  and  corner.     To  pry  into  every  h'ding-place. 

Pump.     To  elicit  information  by  artful  questions. 

Pursue,  etc.     To  make  a  persistent  attempt  to  ?a!n  some  piece  of 
information.     See  Quest. 

Put  a  question.     To  bring  a  question  into  notice  tor  discussion. 

Put  forth  a  question.     To  investigate. 

Put  to  the  proof.     To  test  the  truth  of  by  exarr  i*.ing  the  proof. " 

Put  to  the  question.     To  put  to  a  vote  to  find  out  the  opinions  of  the 
people  voting. 

Question.     To  seek  information. 

Raise  a  question.     To  suggest  a  question 

Ransack.     To  make  a  thorough  search  through  every  part  of. 

Reconnoiter.     To  examine  by  the  eye. 

Require  an  answer.     To  need  an  answer. 

Resolve.     To  examine  by  separating  into  the  constituent  parts. 

Rummage.     To  make  a  thorough  but  disorderly  search. 

Scan.     To  examine  with  critical  care. 

Scratch  the  head.     To  seek  ideas. 

Scrutinize.     To  examine  closely  and  in  detail. 

Search.     To  investigate  thoroughly  with  a  specific  object  in  view. 

Seek.     To  go  in  search  of. 

Seek  a  clew.)  To    try    to  find    an     indication    that    may    solve    a 

Seek  a  clue.  J       mystery. 

Sift.     To  examine  minutely. 

Slap  the  forehead.     To  awaken  thought. 

Sound.     To  try  to  discover  something  hidden. 

Spy.     To  investigate  by  secret  methods. 

Start  a  question.     To  bring  up  a  question. 

Stir  a  question.     To  agitate  a  question. 

Study.     To  inquire  into  by  means  of  mental  application. 
Subject  to  examination.     To  examine. 


INVESTIGATION. 


559 


IO  TRIUMPHE. 


INVESTIGATION— Verbs— Continued. 


Suck  the  brains  of.     See  Pick  the  brains  of. 

Suggest  a  question.     To  question. 

Take  counsel.     To  listen  to  the  advice  of  others. 

Take  into  consideration.     To  investigate. 

Take  up.     To  make  a  subject  of  inquiry. 

Tax.     To  question  closely. 

Thresh  out.     To  beat  the  wheat  free  from  chaff. 

_,        *        r  To  follow  by  questioning. 


•  To  endeavor  to  discover  by  following  footprints. 


Track. 
.  Trail. 

Try  in  all  its  phases.     To  examine  thoroughly. 
Undergo  examination. 

Unearth.     To  bring  out  from  concealment. 
Ventilate  a  question.     To  expose  a  question  to  discussion. 
View  in  all  its  phases.     To  examine  thoroughly. 
Winnow.     To  examine  by  blowing  away  chaff. 


Investigation — Adjectives. 


All-searching.     Thorough. 

Analytic.     Resolving  into  first  principles. 

Catechetical.     Pertaining  to  instructions  by  questions  and  answers. 

Doubtful,  etc.     Open  to  question.     See  Doubt.     Certainty-Doubt. 

In  course  of  inquiry.     Under  investigation. 

|°f^e.,e}  Debated  about. 

In  question.     Under  investigation. 

In  quest  of.     Seeking  fur  something. 

Inquiring,  etc.     Disposed  to  investigate.     See  Verbs. 

Inquisitive,  etc.     Inclined  to  pry.     See  Inquisitiveness. 

Inquisitorial.     Pertaining  to  inquisition. 

In  search  of.     Seeking  after  something. 

Interrogative.     Denoting  inquiry. 


Moot.     Open  to  discussion. 

On  the  lookout  for.     Searching. 

Proposed.     Offered  for  consideration. 

Requisitive.     Expressing  demand. 

Requisitory .     Sought  for  or  demanded 

Sub  judice  [L.].     Under  consideration. 

Undecided.     Not  yet  adjudged. 

Under  consideration.)  c  ,  . .  .    . . . ... 

__    .       ..  .  >  Subject  to  investigation. 

Under  discussion.       i 

Under  investigation.     Being  tracked  up. 

Undetermined.     Not  settled  by  investigation. 

Untried.     Not  yet  found  out  by  being  tested. 

Zetetic.     That  proceeds  by  inquiry. 


Investigation — Jnterrogatives. 


How?  how  comes  it?  how  happens  it  ?  how  Is  it?  Nichtwahrf  [G.] 
not  true  ?   what  ?    what  Is  the  reason  ?    what  on  earth  ?    what's 


in    the  wind?     what's  the    matter? 
wherefore  ?  whither  ?  who  ?  why  ? 


when  ?     whence  ?    where  ? 


In-ves'-ti-ture.  A  giving  possession  of  any  office.  Com- 
mission-Abrogation. 

in-vest'-ment.  Clothing.  Attack-Defense,  Dress- 
Undress,  Giving-Reoeiving,  Loan-Borrowing, 
Outlay-Income;    make  investments,  Preparation- 

NONPREPARATION. 

in-vest'-or.     One  who  invests  money.     Labor-Capital. 

in-ves'-ture.     To  clothe;  to  invest.  Giving-Receiving. 

in-vet'-er-ate .  Habitual;  deep-rooted.  Affections, 
Mutability-Stability,  Novelty-Antiquity;  invet- 
erate belief,  Faith-Misgiving;  inveterate  habit,  Hab- 
it-Desuetude. 

invidia  est  cceca  [L.]  (in-vid'-i-a  est  si'-ca).  Envy  is 
blind.    Pardon-Envy. 

in-vid'-i-ous .  Disagreeable;  envious.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence, Love-Hate,  Pardon-Envy, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

in-vig'-or-ate.  Strengthen.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Strength-Weakness. 

in-vig'-or-a"-ting.  Imparting  vigor.  Healthiness- 
Unhealthiness. 

in-vig"-or-a'-tion.  Making  strong.  Strength-Weak- 
ness. 

in-vin'  ci-ble.    Unconquerable.    Strength-Weakness. 

in-vi'-o-la-ble.  Not  to  be  profaned  or  dishonored. 

Dueness-Undueness,  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

in-vi'-o-late.  Unprofaned.  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Mutation-Permanence,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

in'-vi-ous.  Impassable.  Aperture-Closure,  Difficul- 
ty-Facility. 

in-vis"-i-bil'-i-ty.  State  or  quality  of  being  invisible. 
Manifestation-Latency,    Visibility-Invisibility. 

in-vis'-i-ble.  That  cannot  be  seen.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Greatness-Littleness,  Manifestation- 
Latency,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

invito  Minerva  [L.]  (in-vai'-ta  mi-ner'-va).  Without 
genius.  Difficulty-Facility,  Readiness-Reluc- 
tance. 

in"-vi-ta'-tion.  A  requesting  one's  company.  Peti- 
tion-Expostulation, Proffer-Refusal. 

in-vite'.  Give  invitation;  ask.  Motive-Caprice, 
Petition-Expostulation,  Proffer-Refusal;  invite 
the  attention,  Heed-Disregard. 

in-vi'-ting.     That  invites  or  allures.         Motive-Cap- 


rice, Petition-Expostulation,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Proffer-Refusal. 

in-vo-ca'-tion.  A  prayer  for  divine  blessing.  Address- 
Response,  Devotion-Idolatry,  Petition-Expostu- 
lation. 

in'-voice".     A  list.     Record. 

in-voke'.  Implore.  Address-Response,  Devotion- 
Idolatry,  Petition-Expostulation;  invoke  curses, 
Charitableness-Curse. 

in"-vo-lu'-crum.     An  involucre.      Cover-Lining. 

in-vol'-un-ta-ri-ness.  Unwillingness.  Volition-Ob- 
ligation. 

in-vol'-un-ta-ry.  Unwilling;  resulting  from  necessity. 
Readiness-Reluctance,  Will-Obligation;  invol- 
untary servitude,  Liberty-Subjection. 

in"-vo-lu'-tion.  Inclusion;  involved  construction; 
multiplication  of  a  quantity  by  itself.  Dress-Un- 
dress, Evidence-Counterevidence,  Inclusion- 
Omission,  Manifestation-Latency,  Meaning- 
Jargon,  Numbering,  Organization-Disorganiza- 


tion. 
in-volve' . 

mean. 

dence, 

tency, 


Inwrap;    implicate;    complicate;    include; 
Dress-Undress,     Evidence-Counterevi- 
Inclusion-Omission,    Manifestation-La- 
Meaning-Jargon,        Organization-Dis- 
organization. 

in-volved'.  Obscure;  embarrassed;  convoluted.  Af- 
fluence-Penury, Circle-Winding,  Credit-Debt, 
Perspicuity-Obscurity,  Regularity-Irregular- 
ity. 

in-vul"-ner-a-bil'-i-ty.  State  of  being  invulnerable. 
Renovation-Relapse. 

in-vul'-ner-a-ble.  That  cannot  be  wounded.  Security 
Insecurity. 

in'-ward.  Situated  within.  Outside-Inside,  Subjec- 
tiveness-Objectiveness;  inward  monitor,  Duty- 
Dereliction. 

in-weave'.  Weave  together.  Crossing,  Environ- 
ment-Interposition. 

in-wrap'.     Infold.    Dress-Undress. 

in-wrought'.  Worked  into.  Outside-Inside,  Subjec- 
tiveness-Objectiveness. 

io  triumphe  [L.]  (ai'-o  trai-trm'-fi) .  An  exclamation  of 
gladness;  the  Roman  soldiers'  hurrah.  Jubilation- 
Lamentation,  Solemnization. 


IODIN. 


560 


IRRESOLUTION. 


i'-o-din.     One  of  the  elements.     Chemistry. 

I-on'-ic.  Pertaining  to  or  composed  of  the  Ionic  foot; 
pertaining  to  a  kind  of  Greek  architecture.  Archi- 
tecture, Poetry-Prose. 

i-o'-ta.  A  small  or  insignificant  mark.  Magnitude- 
Smallness. 

I.  O.  U.    Promise  to  pay.     Money,  Security. 

ipse  dixit  [L.]  (ip'-si  dix'-it).  He  himself  has  said. 
Assertion-Denial,  Certainty-Doubt. 

ipsissima  verba  [L.]  (ip-sis'-si-ma  ver'-ba) .  The  exact 
words.     Sameness-Contrast,  Truth-Error. 

ipso  facto  [L.]  (ip'-so  fac'-to) .  By  the  fact  itself.  En- 
tity-Nonentity. 

ira  regum  est  semper,  grams  [L.]  (ai'-ra  ri'-gum  est 
sem'-per,  gre'-vis).  Heavy  is  ever  the  ire  of  kings. 
Favorite-Anger,  Recompense-Punition. 

ires  amantium  [L.]  (ai'-rt  e-man'-shi-um) .  Lovers' 
quarrels.      Pardon-  Vindictiveness. 

tree,  tantcene  animis  ccelestibus  [L.]  (ai'-ri,  tan-ti'-ni 
an'-i-mis  si-les'-ti-bus) .  Can  such  anger  dwell  in 
heavenly  minds.     Favorite-Anger. 

i-ras"-ci-bU'-i-ty.  Proneness  to  anger.  Favorite- 
Anger,  Favorite-Moroseness,  Favorite-Quar- 
relsomeness. 

i-rate'.     Wrathful.    Favorite-Anger. 

ire.     Wrath.    Favorite-Anger. 

ir"-i-des'-cence.  A  many  colored  appearance.  Varie- 
gation. 

ir"-i-des'-cent.  Exhibiting  changing  rainbow  colors. 
Variegation. 

I'-ris.  Rainbow  personified  as  the  messenger  of  Juno. 
Messenger,  Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

i'-ris.  Rainbow;  a  curtain  of  the  eye.  Sight-Blind- 
ness. Variegation. 

I'-rish-ism.      An  Hibernicism.     Adage-Nonsense. 

irk.  Weary.  Pleasurableness-Painfulness, 

Weariness-Refreshment. 

irk'-some.  Wearisome;  annoying.  Difficulty-Facil- 
ity, Entertainment-Weariness,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness, Weariness-Refreshment. 

i'-ron.  Most  important  metal;  like  iron.  Chemistry, 
Determination- Vacillation,  Hardness-Softness; 
Smoothness-Roughness,  Strength-Weakness  ; 
iron  age,  Pleasure-Pain,  Welfare-Misfortune; 
Iron  Cross,  Patriotism-Treason;  iron  entering  into 
the  soul,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Pleas- 
ure-Pain; iron  gray,  Gray- Brown;  iron  grip, 
Strength- Weakness;  iron  gripe,  Keeping-Relin- 
quishment;  iron  heel,  Harshness-Mildness;  iron 
necessity,  Volition-Obligation;  iron  rule,  Harsh- 
ness-Mildness; iron  sway,  Harshness-Mildness, 
Rule-License;  iron  will,  Determination- Vacilla- 
tion; rule  with  a  rod  of  iron,  Harshness-Mildness, 
Rule-License,     Welfare-Misfortune. 

i'-ron-bound".  Bound  with  iron.  Iron-bound  coast, 
Ocean-Land,  Refuge-Pitfall. 

i'-ron-clad".  Covered  or  clad  with  iron.  Attack-De- 
fense, Belligerent,  Cover-Lining. 

i'-ron-hand"-ed.     Despotic.     Harshness-Mildness. 

i'-ron-heart"-ed.     Brave.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

i-rcn'-ic-al.  Covertly  sarcastic.  Rhetoric,  Society- 
Derision,  SOCIETY-LUDICROUSNESS,  TROPE,  TrUTH- 

f  ulness-Pabrication. 

f-ron-mold".  Stain  of  iron-rust.  Redness-Greenness. 

i'-rons.  Fetters.  Release-Prison;  fire  irons,  Oven- 
Refrigerator;  irons  in  the  fire,  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Enterprise,  Excess-Lack,  Occupation, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  put  in  irons,  Release-Re- 
straint 

i'-ro-ny.  Use  of  words'  designed  to  convey  a  meaning 
opposite  to  the  literal  sense;  feigning  of  ignorance. 
Regard-Disre'spect,  Rhetoric,  Society-Derision, 
Trope,  Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

ir-ra'-di-ate.     Illuminate.     Light-Darkness. 


ir-ra"-di-a'-tion.     Illumination.     Light-Darkness. 

ir-ra'-tion-al.  Absurd;  silly;  not  expressible  by  a 
whole  number  or  common  fraction.  Number.  Ra- 
tiocination-Casuistry, Sagacity-Incapacity. 

ir-ra"-tion-al'-i-ty.  The  state  of  lacking  reason. 
Sagacity-Incapacity. 

ir"-re-claim'-a-ble.  That  cannot  be  redeemed.  Re- 
pentance-Obduracy, Sanguineness-Hopeless- 
ness,  Virtue- Vice. 

ir-rec'-on-ci"-la-ble.  That    cannot    be    reconciled. 

Amity-Hostility,  Harmony-Discord. 

ir-rec'-on-ci"-la-ble-ness.  Incompatibleness.  Con- 
nection-Independence. 

ir"-re-cov'-er-a-ble.  Irredeemable.  Future-Past, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

ir-re-deem'-a-ble.  Beyond  reclaim.  Sanguineness- 
Hopelessness. 

ir"-re-du'-ci-ble.  Not  to  be  arranged  or  brought  into 
the  desired  condition.  Harmony-Discord,  Muta- 
bility-Stability, Regularity-Irregularity. 

ir-ref'-ra-ga-ble.     Incontestable.     Proof-Disproof. 

ir"-re-fu'-ta-ble.  That  cannot  be  disproved.  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Proof-Disproof. 

ir-reg'-u-lar.  Out  of  the  usual  form,  method,  etc. 
Belligerent,  Conventionality-Uncovvention- 
ality,  Periodicity-Irregularity,  Proportion- 
Deformity,  Regularity-Irregularity,  Uniform- 
ity-Diversity, Uniformity-Multiformity;  irregu- 
lar verb,  Verb. 

ir-reg"-u-lar'-i-ty.  Divergence  from  what  is  customary 
or  fit.     Periodicity-Irkegularity. 

ir-reg'-u-lar-ly.  In  an  irregular  manner.  Periodicity- 
Irregularity,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

ir"-re-la'-tion.  Lack  of  relation.  Connection-Inde- 
pendence. 

ir-rel'-a-tive.  Unconnected.         Connection-Inde- 

pendence. 

ir-rel'-e-van-cy.  The  condition  of  being  irrelevant. 
Connection-Independence,  Dominance-Impo- 

tence, Harmony-Discord. 

ir-rel'-e-vant.  Impertinent.  Connection -Independ- 
ence, Dominance-Impotence,  Harmony-Discord, 
Ratiocination-Instinct. 

ir"-re-lig'-ion.     Ungodliness.     Godliness-Disbelief. 

ir"-re-lig'-ious.  Not    religious.  Godliness-Dis- 

belief, Godliness-Ungodliness. 

ir"-re-me'-di-a-ble.  Incurable.  Goodness-Badness, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

ir"-re-mis'-si-ble.     Unpardonable.     Virtue-Vice. 

ir"-re-mov'-a-ble.  Immovable.  Mutability-Sta- 
bility. 

ir-rep'-a-ra-ble.  That  cannot  be  rectified.  Sanguine- 
ness-Hopelessness. 

ir"-re-pent'-ance.  Impenitence.  Repentance-Ob- 
duracy. 

ir-rep"-re-hen'-si-ble.  Not  blamable.  Innocence- 
Guilt. 

ir"-re-press'-i-ble.  That  cannot  be  restrained.  Ex- 
citability-Inexcitability,  Liberty-Subjection, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

ir"-re-proach'-a-ble.     Blameless.     Innocence-Guilt. 

ir"-re-prov'-a-ble.     Blameless.     Innocence-Guilt. 

ir"-re-sist'-i-ble.  That  cannot  be  withstood  or  op- 
posed. Coercion,  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Proof-Disproof,  Strength-Weakness,  Volition- 
Obligation. 

ir-res'-o-lu-ble.  Not  to  be  resolved.  Mutability- 
Stability. 

ir-res'-o-lute.  Wavering.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  De- 
termination-Vacillation, Mutability-Stability. 

ir-res'-o-lute-ly.  Without  resolution.  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation. 

ir  res"-o-lu'-tion.  Want  of  decision.  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation. 


IRRESOLVABLE. 


561 


IXION. 


f'-re-solv'-a-ble .  Not  separable  into  parts.  Soli- 
tude-Company. 

ir"-re-solv'-ed-ly.  In  an  irresolute  manner.  Deter- 
mination-Vacillation. 

ir"-re-spec'-tive.  Regardless.  Connection-Inde- 
pendence. 

ir-re-spec'-tive-ly.  Without  regard  to.  Connection- 
Independence. 

ir"-re-spon'-si-ble.  Not  answerable.  Duty-Immunity, 
Law-Lawlessness,  Tyranny- Anarchy. 

lr  "-re-trie  v'-a-ble.  Remediless;  irreparable.  Gain- 
Loss,  Mutability-Stability,  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness. 

£r"-re-veal'-a-ble.  That  cannot  be  revealed.  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy. 

ir-rev'-er-ence.  Deficiency  of  veneration.  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness, Regard-Disrespect. 

ir-rev'-er-ent.  Not  reverent.  Godliness-Ungodli- 
ness, Regard-Disrespect. 

ir"-re-vers'-i-ble.  That  cannot  be  annulled.  Muta- 
bility-Stability, Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

ir-rev'-o-ca-ble.  Unalterable.  Mutability-Sta- 

bility, Sanguineness-Hopelessness,  Volition- 
Obligation. 

ir'-ri-gate.     Water.     Water-Air. 

ir"-ri-ga'-tion.  The  act  of  watering.  River-Wind, 
Water-Air. 

ir-rig'-u-ous.  Watered.  Dampness-Dryness,  River- 
Wind. 

ir-ri'-sion.  Derision.  Regard-Disrespect,  Society- 
Derision. 

irritab He  genus  [L.]  (ir-ri-tab'-i-lt  jl'-nus) .  The  irrita- 
ble race.     Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

ir"-ri-ta-bil'-i-ty.  Fretfulness.  Excitability-Inex- 
citability. 

ir'-ri-ta-ble.         Petulant.  Excitability-Inexcita- 

bility,  Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

ir'-ri-tate.  Make  petulant ;  fret.  Excitation,  Favor- 
ite-Anger, Love-Hate,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
pulness,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

ir"-ri-ta'-tion.  Vexation;  ill  temper.  Excitation, 
Favorite-Anger,  Love-Hate,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Pleasure -Pain,  Turbulence- 
Calmness;  source  of  irritation,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

ir'-ri-ta"-ting.  Fretting;  exasperating.  Excitation, 
Favorite-Anger,  Love-Hate,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Turbulence-Calmness,  Vigor-Iner- 
tia. 

ir-rup'-tion.  Violent  incursion.  Attack-Defense, 
Entrance-Exit. 

Ir'-ving-ite.  A  follower  of  Rev.  Edward  Irving.  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

is.  Present  indicative,  3d  person,  singular  number,  of 
the  verb  be.  Is  to  be,  Occurrence-Destiny-;  that  is, 
Time. 

I'-sis.  Principal  goddess  of  Egyptian  mythology. 
Jove-Fiend. 

Is'-lam-ism.  Mohammedanism.  Orthodoxy-Het- 
erodoxy. 

is'-land .  A  tract  of  land  surrounded  by  water.  Swamp- 
Island. 

is'-lan-der.  An  inhabitant  of  an  island.  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Swamp-Island. 

isle.     An  island.     Swamp-Island. 

is'-let.     A  little  isle.     Swamp-Island. 

i'-so-bar.  A  line  joining  points  at  which  the  barometric 
pressure  is  the  same.     Water-Air. 


i"-so-chei'-mal.  Relating  to  isocheims.  Heat- 
Cold. 

i"-so~chi'-me-nal.     Isocheimal.     Heat-Cold. 

i-soch'-ro-nism.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  isochro- 
nous.  Coexistence. 

i-soch'-ro-nous.  Denoting  equal  intervals  of  time.  Co- 
existence. 

i"-sc-cy'-a-nid .  A  compound  of  cyanic  acid.  Chemis- 
try. 

is'-o-late.  Place  alone.  Sociability-Privacy,  Soli- 
tude-Company, Union-Disunion. 

is'-o-la"-ted.  Placed  alone;  unrelated.  Connection- 
Independence,  Solitude-Company,  Union-Dis- 
union. 

is"-o-la'-tion.  State  of  being  isolated.  Solitude- 
Company,  Union-Disunion. 

i"-so-met'-ric.  Of  equal  measure.  Isometric  system, 
Mineralogy. 

i"-so-mor'-phism.  Crystallization  in  identical  or  nearly 
identical  forms.     Form-Formlessness. 

i"-so-mor'-phous.  Having  the  quality  of  isomorphism. 
Form-Formlessness,  Mineralogy. 

i"-so-ther'-mal.  Having  equality  of  temperature. 
Heat-Cold. 

i"-sc-ther'-mic.     Isothermal.     Heat-Cold. 

i"-so-ton'-ic.  Having  equal  tones.  Melody-Disso- 
nance. 

is'-sue.  Emission;  egress;  progeny;  publication;  ulcer; 
outcome;  place  of  egress.  Arrival-Departure, 
Cause-Effect,  Completion-Noncompletion,  En- 
trance-Exit, Gathering-Place,  Gathering-Scat- 
tering, Health-Sickness,  Investigation-Answer, 
Missive-Publication,  Money,  Occurrence-Desti- 
ny, Parentage-Progeny,  Publicity,  River-Wind; 
at  issue,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Assent-Dis- 
sent, Assertion-Denial,  Occurrence-Destiny, 
Ratiocination-Instinct,  Strife-Peace,  Variance- 
Accord;  in  issue,  Investigation-Answer;  issue  a 
command,  Order;  join  issue,  Litigation. 

is'-sue-less.  Having  no  offspring.  Fertility-Ster- 
ility. 

isth'-mus.  A  neck  of  land  connecting  two  larger  bod- 
ies. Breadth-Narrowness,  Connective,  Ocean- 
Land. 

I-tal'-ics.  Italic  type.  Sign;  put  in  Italics,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance. 

itch.  Irritation  of  the  skin;  propensity.  Desire- 
Distaste,  Tingling-Numbness. 

itch'-ing.  Feeling  irritated.  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility,  Tingling-Numbness. 

itch'-ing  palm.  Desire  for  a  bribe.  Desire-Distaste, 
Extravagance-Avarice. 

r'-tem.  Separate  entry  in  an  account.  Addition-Sub- 
traction, Increment-Remnant,  Universality- 
Particularity,  Whole-Part. 

it"-er-a'-tion.  Repetition.  Determination-Resolu- 
tion, Doubling-Halving,  Recurrence. 

i-tin'-er-ant.  Wayfaring;  a  traveler.  Traveling- 
Navigation,  Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

i-tin'-er-a-ry.  Detailed  account  or  plan  of  a  tour. 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Traveling-Navigation. 

itur  ad  astra,  sic  [L.]  (ai'-tur  ad  as'-tra,  sic).  Thus  is 
the  way  to  immortality.     Life-Death. 

i'-vo-ry.  A  hard,  white  substance  constituting  the 
tusks  of  elephants.     Whiteness-Blackness. 

Ix-i'-on.  King  of  the  Lapitha;,  bound  in  hell  to  an 
endlessly  revolving  wheel.  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion. 


36 


JABBER. 


562 


JELLY. 


jab  -ber.  To  chatter.  Meaning-Jargon,  Portent, 
Speech-Inarticulateness. 

ja'-cent.     Lying  at  length.     Erectness-Flatness. 

jacet,    hie    [L.]   (je'-set,    hie).         Here    lies.  Life- 

Funeral. 

ja'-cinth.  A  hyacinth.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

jack.  A  mechanical  device.  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion, Sign. 

Jack.  A  nickname  for  John;  from  its  frequency,  a 
man.  Before  one  can  say  "Jack  Robinson,"  Earli- 
ness-  Lateness;  Jack  at  a  pinch,  Antagonist- 
Assistant;  Jack  Cade,  Insubordination-Obedi- 
ence; jack  in  office,  Brawler,  Manager;  Jack 
Ketch,  Recompense-Scourge;  jack  of  all  trades, 
Adept-Bungler;  jack-o'-lantern,  Luminary-Shade; 
Jack  Pudding,  Acting,  Bragging,  Wag;  jack-tar, 
Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

jack"-a-dan'-dy.  A  ridiculous  fop.  Society-Dandy, 
Wag. 

jack'-al.  A  dog-like  animal.  Antagonist-Assistant, 
Pro  vision- Waste. 

jack'-a-napes".  An  impertinent  fellow.  Brawler, 
Society-Dandy. 

jack'-ass".     The  male  ass.     Conveyer. 

jack'-boot".     A  heavy  hip  boot.     Dress-Undress. 

jack'-daw".  A  small  crow-like  bird.  Jackdaw  in 
peacock's  feathers,  Adept-Bungler. 

jack'-et.  A  short  coat.  Dress-Undress;  cork- 
jacket,  Refuge-Pitfall. 

Jac'-c-bin.  A  friar;  a  member  of  a  revolutionary 
party.     Antagonist-Assistant. 

Jacque"-rie'.  A  revolt.  Attack-Defense,  Re- 
prisal-Resistance. 

jacta  est  alea  [L.]  (jac'-ta  est  e'-le-a).  The  die  is  cast. 
Volition-Obligation. 

jac"-ti-ta'-tion.  A  tossing  about.  Agitation,  Brag- 
ging. 

jac'-u-late.     To  throw  out.     Push-Pull. 

jac"-u-la'-tion.     A  throwing  out.     Push-Pull. 

jade.  An  old  horse;  a  low  person.  Conveyer,  Gen- 
tility-Commonalty, Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Purity- 
Rake,  Weariness-Refreshment. 

jag.     A  notch.     Indentation. 

jag'-ged.     Having  jags.     Angularity. 

jail.  A  place  of  confinement.  Release-Prison; 
jailbird,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Guard-Prisoner. 

jail'-er.  One  in  charge  of  a  jail.  Guard-Prisoner, 
Recompense-Scourge. 

jakes.     A  privy.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

jalousie  de  metier  [F.]  (zha-lu-zi'  de  me-tie').  Pro- 
fessional jealousy.     Pardon-Envy. 

jam.  To  crush;  to  fill  up  by  crowding;  a  sweet  con- 
serve of  fruit.  Environment-Interposition,  Pulpi- 
ness-Oiliness,  Sweetness-Acidity,  Union-Dis- 
union. 

iamb.     A  side-post.     Suspension-Support. 

jammed  in.  Pressed  into  a  tight  place.  Release- 
Restraint. 

jan'-gle.  Discordant  sound ;  wrangling.  Cacophony, 
Variance-Accord. 

jan'-i-tor.  A  building  keeper.  Perforator-Stop- 
per. 

jan'-i-za-ry.  A  member  of  a  Mohammedan  military 
force.     Belligerent. 


Jan'-sen-ism.  A  system  holding  the  doctrines  of 
irresistible  grace  and  of  total  depravity.  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

jan'-ty.     See  Jaunty. 

Jan'-u-a-ry.  A  month,  the  first  of  the  year.  Perio- 
dicity-Irregularity. 

januis  clausis  [L.]  (jan'-yu-is  clau'-sis).  With  closed 
doors.     Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

Ja'-nus.  An  ancient  Italic  deity.  Persistence- 
Whim;  close  the  temple  of  Janus,  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation. 

Ja'-nus-faced".  Deceitful.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

ja-pan'.  Lacquered    Japanese    work;     a    varnish. 

Cover- Lining,  Embellishment- Disfigurement, 
Pulpiness-Rosin. 

jar.  A  shaking;  a  discord;  a  vessel.  Agitation, 
Cacophony,  Contents-Receiver,  Harmony-Dis- 
cord, Melody-Dissonance,  Variance-Accord;  jar 
upon  the  feelings,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

jar"-di"-niere'.  A  stand  for  flowers  or  plants.  Con- 
tents-Receiver. 

jar'-gon.  Unintelligible  speech.  Adage-Nonsense, 
Clearness-Obscurity,  Meaning-Jargon,  Word- 
Neology. 

jas'-per.  An  impure  variety  of  quartz.  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement. 

jaun'-dice.  Yellowness  of  the  skin.  Yellowness- 
Purple. 

jaun'-diced.     Jealous;   prejudiced.      Contentedness- 

DlSCONTENTMENT,     PaRDON-JeALOUSY,     PROOF-DlS- 

Proof,  Yellowness-Purple;  view  with  jaundiced 
eyes,  Approval-Disapproval,  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment. 

jaunt.     An  excursion.     Traveling-Navigation. 

jaun '-ting-car".     A  vehicle.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

jaun'-ty.  Sprightly;  flippant.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Pomp,  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness, Recklessness-Caution, 
Society-Ludicrousness. 

jave'-lin.     A  spear.     Weapon. 

jaw.  To  scold;  talk  much;  part  of  the  head.  Anat- 
omy, Approval-Disapproval,  Talkativeness- 
Taciturnity. 

jaw"-fall'-en.  Dejected.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion. 

jaws.  A  pair  of  members  between  which  something  is 
held,  crushed,  or  cut. .  Border,  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion; jaws  of  death,. Life-Death. 

jay.     A  bird.     Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

jeal'-ous.  Fervid  as  to  slight  of  love.  Jealous  of  honor, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

jeal'-ous-y.  State  of  being  jealous.  Faith-Misgiv* 
ing,  Pardon-Jealousy. 

jecur,  jervens  difficili  bile  tumet  [L.]  (ji'-kur,  fer'-venz 
dif-fis'-ci-lai  bai'-li  tiu'-met).  My  heated  liver  swells 
with  bile.     Favorite-Anger. 

jeer.    A  taunt;  mock.     Regard-Disrespect. 

Je-ho'-vah.     Lord.     Divinity. 

je'-hu.  A  fast  driver;  a  coachman.  Wayfarer-Sea- 
farer. 

je-june'.  Dry.  Strength-Weakness,  Excess- 
Lack. 

jel'-ly.  A  semisolid  glutinous  substance.  Viscidity- 
Foam;  beat  to  a  jelly,  Recompense-Punition. 


JEMIDAR. 


563 


JOIN. 


jem'-i-dar"  An  Indian  lieutenant,  or  overseer.  Chief- 
Underling. 

jem'-my.  A  crowbar;  neat.  Instrument,  Society- 
Dandy 

je  ne  sais  quoi  [F.]  (zhe  ne  se  kwa) .  I  know  not  what. 
Beauty- Ugliness,  Conventionality- Unconven- 
tionally, Word-Neology. 

ien'-net.     A  small  Spanish  horse.     Conveyer. 

jen'-ny.     A  spinning-jenny.     Instrument. 

jeop-ard.       \  To  imperil.     Security-Insecurity. 

jeop  -ard-ize.  J  c 

jeop'-ar-dy.  Exposure;  danger.  Security-Inse- 
curity. 

jer'-bo-a.     A  mouse-like  rodent.     Spring-Dive. 

jer'-e-mi"-ad.  A  tale  of  woe.  Jubilation-Lamenta- 
tion, Approval-Disapproval.    [Bible,  Jeremiah.'] 

Jer'-i-cho.  A  city  in  Palestine  destroyed  by  the  Jews. 
Send  to  Jericho,  Admission-Expulsion. 

jerk.  A  short,  sharp  pull.  Agitation,  Push-Pull, 
Revolution. 

ier'-kin.     A  waistcoat.     Dress-Undress. 

jerks.  Short,  sharp  pulls.  By  jerks,  Continuity- 
Interruption. 

Jer'-ry  Sneak.  A  thief;  a  henpecked  husband.  [Foote, 
The  Mayor  of  Garratt.]  Bravery-Cowardice,  Up- 
rightness-Rogue. 

jer'-sey.     A  shirt.     Dress-Undress. 

Jess'-a-my.  Colloquial  for  jessamine.  Jemmy  Jess- 
amy,  Society-Dandy. 

jes'-se.     A  candlestick.     Fane. 

jest.  A  joke;  exploit.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, WlTTINESS-DuLNESS. 

jest'-book".     A  book  of  jokes.      Wittiness-Dulness. 
jest'-er.     One  who  jests.     Wag. 
jest'-ing-stock".    A  butt.     Society-Laughingstock. 
Jes'-u-it.    A    member    of     the     Society     of     Jesus. 

Ministry-Laity. 
Jes"-u-it'-ic-al.    Given  to  Jesuitism. 
Jes'-u-it-ry.    The  policy  of  the  Jesuits. 

Je'-sus.     The  Savior.     Divinity. 

jet.  A  spurt;  the  color  of  jet.  River-Wind;  jet 
black,  Whiteness-Blackness. 

jet'-ty.  A  projecting  part  of  a  building;  a  wharf.  Con- 
vexity-Concavity, Refuge-Pitfall,  Whiteness- 
Blackness. 

jeu,  beau  retour,  h  beau  [F.]  (zhu,  bo  re-tur',  a  bo). 
Tit  for  tat.     Reprisal-Resistance. 

jeu  d' esprit  [F.]  (zhu  des-pri').  A  witty  remark.  Wit- 
tiness-Dulness. 

jeu  de  mots  [F.]  (zhu  de  mo).  A  play  on  words.  Wit- 
tiness-Dulness. 

jeu  de  theatre  [F.]  (zhu  de  te-atr') .  A  stage  trick.  Act- 
ing. 

jeu  ne  vaut  pas  la  chandelle,  le  [F.]  (zhu  ne  vo  pa  la 
shandel',  le).  The  game  is  not  worth  the  candle. 
Consequence-Insignificance,    Provision-Waste. 

jeune  premier  [F.]  (zhun  pre-mi-e').  The  leading 
young  gentleman  in  a  play.     Acting. 

jeune  veuve  [F.]  (zhun  vuv) .  A  young  widow  in  a  play. 
Acting. 

Jew.  An  Israelite.  Affluence-Penury,  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Extravagance-Avarice,  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy; Jew's  harp,  Musical  Instru- 
ments; worth  a 'Jew's  eye,  Costliness-Cheapness, 
Goodness-Badness. 

jew'-el.  Something  of  rare  value;  precious  stone.  Em- 
bellishment- Disfigurement,  Favorite  -Anger, 
Goodness-Badness. 

jew'-el-ry.  Jewels  taken  collectively.  False  jewelry, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

Jez'-e-bel.  A  bold,  vicious  woman.  Benefactor-Evil- 
doer, Gull-Deceiver,  Purity-Rake.    [Bible.] 


jib.  To  move  sidewise  or  backward.  Advance-Retro- 
gression ;  cut  of  one's  jib,  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Form-Formlessness. 

jif'-fy.   An  instant.    Eternity-Instantaneity. 

jig.   A  dance.   Entertainment- Weariness. 

jilt.  To  discard.  Expectation-Surprise,  Gull-De- 
ceiver, Truthfulness-Fraud,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

jilt'-ed.     State  of  being  discarded.     Love-Hate. 

jimp.   Neat.    Beauty-Ugliness. 

jin'-gal.   A  musket.   Weapon. 

jin'-gle.     To  tinkle.    Resonance-Nonresonance. 

Jin'-go.  One  of  a  party  in  England  favoring  an  aggres- 
sive foreign  policy.   Harshness-Mildness. 

Jin'-go-ism.     Jingo  spirit.     Patriotism-Treason. 

jinks.  Loud  sport.  High  jinks,  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 
3 'inn.  A  spirit.  Jove-Fiend. 
fob.  The  hero  of  an  Old  Testament  book.  Job's  com- 
forter, Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Sanguine- 
ness-Hopelessness;  patience  of  Job,  Excitability- 
Inexcitability  ;  poor  as  Job,  Affluence-Penury. 

job.  Work  done.  Action-Passiveness,  Occupation, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty;  tough  job,  Difficulty- 
Facility. 

jc-ba'-tion.     Scolding.     Approval-Disapproval. 

job'-ber.  A  merchant;  intriguer.  Adept-Bungler, 
Dealer,  Gull-Deceiver,  Unselfishness-Selfish- 
ness. 

job'-ber-nole.     A  blockhead.SAGE-FooL. 

job'-ber-y.  Low  intriguing.  Craft-Artlessness,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

job'-bing.     Act  of  performing  jobs.     Exchange. 

jock'-ey.  A  horse- rider  or  horse-dealer;  a  cheat.  Chief- 
Underling,  Gull -Deceiver,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud,  Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

jo-cose'.  Sportive.  Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Wittiness-Dulness. 

jc-cose'-ness.  The  quality  of  being  jocose.  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 

jo-cos'-i-ty.  Jocularity.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion. 

joc'-u-lar.  Jocose.  Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Wittiness-Dulness. 

joc"-u-lar'-i-ty.  Light-heartedness.  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection. 

joc'-und.         Jovial.  Entertainment-Weariness, 

Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

jo-cun'-di-ty.  Joviality.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion. 

Joe"  Mil'-ler.  A  stale  joke.  Wittiness-Dulness, 
Wag. 

jog.  To  push  or  shake  slightly.  Agitation,  Impetus- 
Reaction;  jog  on,  Advance-Retrogression,  Dis- 
continuance-Continuance, Mediocrity,  Travel- 
ing-Navigation; jog  the  memory,  Remembrance- 
Forgetfulness. 

jog'-gle.     To  shake  slightly.     Agitation. 

jog'-trot".  A  slow  trot.  Habit-Desuetude,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness, Traveling-Navigation. 

John  Doe  and  Rich'-ard  Roe.  Fictitious  names  for 
plaintiff  and  defendant  used  in  old  law  pleadings, 
Substance-Nullity. 

John-so'-ni-an.   Pompous.   Simplicity-Floridness. 

joie,  feu  de  [F. ]  (zhwa,  fu  de) .     A  bonfire.     Solemniza 

TION. 

join.  To  connect ;  unite.  Arrival-Departure,  Asso- 
ciation, Conveyance- Vessel,  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing, Interspace-Contact,  Matrimony-Celibacy, 
Sociability-Privacy,  Union-Disunion;  join  battle, 
Fighting-Conciliation;  join  forces,  Antagonism- 
Concurrence;  join  hands,  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence;  join  in,  Participation;   join  in  the  chorus, 


JOIN. 


564 


JOVE— FIEND. 


Assent-Dissent;  join  issue,  Assertion-Denial, 
Litigation,  Ratiocination-Instinct,  Strife- 
Peace,  Variance-Accord;  join  with,  Antagonism- 
Concurrence. 

joint.  A  junction.  Geology,  Nutriment-Excretion, 
Plicature,  Solitude-Company,  Union-Disunion, 
Whole-Part;  joint  concern,  Association. 

joint'-stock".  Pertaining  to  stock  held  jointly.  An- 
tagonism-Concurrence, Participation. 

joint'-ten"-an-cy.  Tenure  by  more  than  one  person. 
Participation. 

join'-ture.     A  marriage  settlement.     Property. 

joist.     A  building  timber.     Suspension-Support. 

joke.  A  jest.  Consequence-Insignificance,  Society- 
Derision,  Wittiness-Dulness;  in  joke,  Wittiness- 
Dulness;  mere  joke,  Consequence- Insignifi- 
cance; no  joke,  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Entity-Nonentity;  practical  joke,  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Regard-Disrespect,  Society-Deris- 
ion, Truthfulness  -  Fraud;  take  a  joke,  Sagac- 
ity-Incapacity. 

jo'-ker.     One  who  jests.     Wag. 

jo'-king  a-part'.  In  fact.  Assertion-Denial,  Deter- 
mination-Vacillation. 

jole.     The  jaw.     Laterality-Contraposition. 

jol"-li-fi-ca'-tion.  A  merrymaking.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Moderation-Selfindulgence. 

jol'-li-ty.  State  of  being  jolly.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Socia- 
bility-Privacy. 

jol'-ly.  Gay.  Greatness-Littleness,  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection; jolly-boat,  Conveyance- Ves- 
sel; jolly  fsllow,  Sociability-Privacy. 


jolt.   A  shock.   Agitation,  Impetus-Reaction. 

jolt'-head".    A  dunce.    Sage-Fool^ 

Jones.  A  proper  name.  Davy  Jones's  locker,  Life- 
Death;  Paul  Jones,  Robber. 

jon'-quil.  The  juice  of  a  plant  used  as  an  emetic.  Rem- 
edy-Bane. 

jo'-rum.     A  bowl.    Contents-Receiver. 

Jo'-seph.  A  Jewish  hero.  Purity-Impurity;  Joseph's 
coat,  Variegation. 

joss.      A  Chinese  idol.     Joss-house,  Fane. 

jos'-tle.  To  hustle.  Agitation,  Impetus-Reaction 
Variance-Accord. 

jot.  The  least  bit.  Consequence-Insignificance 
Greatness-Smallness. 

jot'-ting.     A  memorandum.     Sign. 

jounce.     To  jolt.     Agitation. 

jour,  bon  [F.]  (zhur,  bon-).  Good-day.  Politeness- 
Impoliteness. 

jour,  bonne  ceuvre,  bon  [F.]  (zhur,  bon  uvr,  bon'). 
The  better  the  day  the  better  the  deed.    Good-Evil. 

jour  maigre  [F.]  (zhur  megr).  Fast  day.  Fasting- 
Gluttony. 

jour'-nal.  A  record  of  proceedings.  Account,  Ac- 
counts, Chronology-Anachronism,  Mark-Oblit- 
eration, Missive-Publication,  Publicity. 

jour'-nal-ist.  A  newspaper  man.  Missive-Publica- 
tion, Recorder. 

jour'-ney.  Passage  from  place  to  place.  Movement- 
Rest,  Transmission,  Traveling-Navigation. 

jour'-ney-man.  A  mechanic.  Agent,  Chief-Under- 
ling, Labor-Capital. 

joust.    A  tilting  match.    Strife-Peace. 

Jove.     A  Latin  deity.     Jove-Fiend. 


JOVE— FIEND 


Allah.     The  one  supreme  being;  the  true  god  of  the  Arabs. 

Ariel.  A  spirit  of  the  air  or  water;  a  tricky  spirit.  [Shakespeare, 
Tempest;  Bible ;  Milton ;  Pope,  Rape  of  the  Lock.] 

Astoreth.  The  moon-goddess  of  Syria  and  Phenicia;  the  same  as 
Artemis  and  Diana  of  classical  mythology. 

Baal.  The  sun-god;  the  supreme  male  divinity  of  Syrians  and  Phc- 
nicians. 

Banshee.  A  visiting  fairy  or  wailing  forerunner  of  death.  [Scotch 
and  Irish.] 

Bel.  The  chief  god  of  the  Babylonians;  it  is  the  Chaldaic  form  of 
Baal;  Belus. 

Benshie.     See  Banshee. 

Brahma.    The  supreme  god  of  the  Hindus 

Buddha.  Founder  of  Buddhist  religion;  a  great  religious  teacher  and 
reformer;  to  the  Buddhist  he  is  intelligence  and  wisdom  incarna- 
ted. 

Demiurge.  According  to  Plato,  he  was  the  creator  of  the  material  uni- 
verse; according  to  the  Gnostics.  Jehovah  of  the  Jews,  an  emana- 
tion from  the  Supreme  Being. 

Denizens  of  the  air.    Beings  inhabiting  the  air. 

Dryad.     A  fairy  or  spirit  presiding  over  the  woods. 

Fairy.  A  supernatural  being,  supposed  to  be  of  human  form  but 
capable  of  assuming  different  forms  and  of  working  good  or  ill  to 
mankind. 

Fairy  mythology.  The  whole  body  of  the  stories  and  legends  of  the 
fairies. 

Familiar.  A  familiar  spirit,  supposed  to  be  summoned  by  sooth- 
sayers to  serve  them. 

Fay.     A  fairy. 

Folk-lore.  The  tales,  legends,  and  beliefs  current  among  the  common 
people. 

God.  A  supernatural  being  made  the  object  of  adoration  and  wor- 
ship; a  divinity;   a  male  deity. 

Goddess.     A  female  divinity. 

Good-genius.  A  kindly  disposed  spirit  supposed  to  accompany  one 
throughout  life. 

Hamadryad.  A  nymph  of  the  woods  supposed  to  live  and  die  with  the 
tree  it  inhabits. 

Seathen  gods  and  goddesses.    Idols. 

Beatnen  mythology.  The  whole  body  of  the  legends  of  the  heathen 
world . 

Isis.     The  principal  Egyptian  goddess. 


Affreet.    Ademo  1;  apowerful  evilgenie. 

Afrite.     Another  form  of  Affreet. 

Ahriman.     The  evil  principle  of  the  Persians;  the  prince  of  darkness. 

Asmodeus.    The  demon  of  matrimonial  unhappiness  and  vanity. 

Apparition.     A  supposed  visible  spirit;  a  ghost ;  a  specter. 

Bad  fairv.     A  fairy  working  evil. 

Bad  spirit.     A  spirit  working  evil. 

Banshee.  A  visiting  fairy,  often  assuming  the  form  of  an  old  woman 
whose  wailing  under  the  windows  of  a  house  foretold  the  death  of 
some  of  its  occupants. 

Belial.  A  wicked  spirit;  the  Hebrew  personification  of  lawlessness 
or  recklessness. 

Boggart.    A  local  goblin. 

Bogie.     A  goblin;  a  specter. 

Bogle.     Something  terrifying;  a  bugbear;  a  hobgoblin. 

Bogy.     A  fiend. 

Brownie.  A  good-natured  sprite  in  Scotland  supposed  to  haunt  farm- 
houses and  do  chores  at  night. 

Cacodemon.  An  evil  spirit;  one  possessed  with  an  evil  spirit;  the 
nightmare. 

Cluri-chaune.    An  Irish  fairy  corresponding  to  Puck  of  England. 

Deev.  In  Persian  and  Hindu  mythology  a  bad  spirit,  the  servant  of 
Ahriman. 

Demon.  An  evil  spirit  holding  a  middle  place  between  the  gods  and 
men  in  ancient  mythology. 

Demonology.     The  science  of  demons. 

Demonry.     Demoniacal  possession. 

Devil.  The  evil  one,  who  temptsmankind  seeking  their  spiritual  ruin 
the  ruler  of  the  kingdom  of  evil.     [Greek  diabolos,  accuser.] 

Dwarf.     A  being  much  under  the  normal  size. 

Dwerger.     Dwarfish  sprite. 

Eblis.  A  refractory  spirit  fabled  to  have  been  cieateo.  two  thousand 
years  before  Adam. 

Effreet.     See  Affreet. 

Elf.  A  Saxon  angel;  a  fairy  haunting  unfrequented  places  and  de- 
lighting in  tricks. 

Evil  eye.  The  supposed  powerthat  some  people  possess  of  communi- 
cating evil  by  a  glance ;  the  eye  of  envy  which  blighted  good  fortune. 

Evil  genius.     A  bad  spirit  presiding  over  a  man's  destiny. 

Fairy.  An  imaginary  being,  small  and  graceful,  with  a  human  form 
but  having  power  to  change  its  form  and  work  good  or  ill  to  man* 
kind. 


JOVE. 


505 


JOVli— FIEND. 


JOVE—  FIEND— Continued. 


Jove.    See  Jupiter. 

Juggernaut.     A  name    under  which  Vishnu   is   worshiped   by   the 

Hindus. 
Jupiter.     The  great  god  of  the  Romans;  god  of  the  sky,  thunder,  and 

lightning. 
Kelpie.     An  imaginary  water-spirit,  supposed  to  haunt  fords  in  the 

form  of  a  horse. 
Krishna.     One  of  the  most  celebrated  of  modern  Hindu  divinities. 
Lempriere.        The  name  of  a  current  dictionary  of  mythology. 
Mab.    Spoken  of  in  English  folk-lore  as  queen  of  the  fairies.     See 

Oberon. 
Mermaid.      A  mythological  creature  inhabiting  the  sea,  having  the 

head  and  body  of  a  woman  to  the  waist  and  ending  like  a  fish. 
Mumbo  Jumbo.   An  imaginary  demon  in  the  western  part  of  Africa, 

much  feared  by  the  natives. 
Mythology.     The  body  of  the  myths  or  legends  of  a  people  extending 

back  to  prehistoric  times. 
Naiad.       A  water-nymph,  fabled  to  preside  over  fountains,  lakes, 

wells,  etc. 
Nereid.     A  sea-nymph,  a  daughter  of  Nereus  and  an  attendant  upon 

Neptune. 

Nixie  1  ^ne  °^  *ne  water_sP>"ts  having  a  mischievous  disposition. 

Nymph.  A  female  divinity  of  lower  order  inhabiting  a  wood,  lake, 
fountain,  or  the  like. 

Oberon.  King  of  the  fairies  and  husband  of  Queen  Mab.  [Shake- 
speare, Midsummer  Night's  Dream] 

Odin.  The  chief  deity  of  the  Scandinavians;  same  as  Woden  in  Ger- 
man mythology. 

Ondine .  A  female  water-spirit,  not  having  a  soul ;  the  only  condition 
on  which  she  could  have  a  soul  was  that  she  marry  a  mortal  and 
bear  a  son.     [Le  Motte  Fouque,  Undine.] 

Ormuzd.     The  good  principle  in  the  Persian  religion. 

Osiris.  The  most  popular  of  the  Egyptian  divinities,  husband  of  Isis, 
identified  with  the  sun  and  the  Nile,  the  god  of  light,  verdure,  agri- 
culture, etc. ;  he  has  undergone  many  incarnations  in  the  sacred 
bull  Apis. 

Pantheon.  All  the  deities  of  a  people  taken  together;  a  treatise  on 
the  gods;  a  temple  of  the  gods  at  Rome. 

Peri.  An  elf  or  fairy,  fabled  to  be  descended  from  a  fallen  angel  and 
doing  penance  till  it  could  be  admitted  to  Paradise.  [Tom  Moore, 
Lalla  Rookk.] 

Pixy.     A  kind  of  fairy  or  elf  of  English  folk-lore. 

Sea-maid.     Same  as  mermaid. 

Shiva.  The  deity  known  as  the  destroyer;  he  with  Brahma  and 
Vishnu  forms  the  Hindu  trinity. 

Sibyl.    A  prophetess  under  the  inspiration  of  a  deity;  a  fortune-teller. 

Siva.     See  Shiva. 

Sprite.     An  imaginary  being  of  the  air;  a  fairy  or  goblin. 

Sylph.  An  imaginary  being  or  fairy  inhabiting  the  air,  so  called  by 
Paracelsus. 

Sylphid.     Diminutive  of  sylph. 

Thor.    In  Norse  mythology,  the  god  of  thunder  and  war     [Thursday  .J 

Tutelary  genius.  A  guardian  deity  supposed  to  accompany  one 
through  life. 

Undine.     See  Ondinf. 

Vishnu.  The  second  god  of  the  Hindu  triad.  He  impersonates  pro- 
tection. 

Yama.     The  Hindu  god  of  the  dead. 

Zeus.     The  great  god  of  the  Greeks;  Jupiter. 

Jo  v  E  — A  djectives . 

Fairy-like.     Having  the  qualities  of  a  fairy. 

Sylphic.     Like  a  sylph  or  fairy. 

Sylph-like.     With  qualities  suggesting  a  sylph. 

Jove — Phrase, 

Vi  il  veto  e  affronterai  il  diavolo  [It.].  Speak  the  truth  and  you  wff 
shame  the  devil. 


FIEND — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Troll.     An  imaginary  being  of  Scandinavian  mythology,  sometimes 

represented  as  a  giant  and  sometimes  as  a  dwarf. 
Unclean  spirit.     A  morally  impure  supernatural  being;  a  devil. 
Urchin.     A  mischievous  spirit  which  sometimes  assumed  the  form  of 

a  hedgehog. 
Vampire.       A  fabled  being  that  sucks  blood  from  persons  when  thev 

sleep . 
Vision.      A  supernatural  appearance;  an  apparition. 


Familiar.     An  evil  spirit  or  demon  attending  upon  one. 

Faun.     A  deity  of  the  woods  or  herds,  usually  represented  with  the 

legs  of  a  goat. 
Fiend.     A  wicked  spirit;  a  devil;  a  demon;  one  hating. 
Flibbertigibbet.    An  impulsive,  flighty  person;  an  imp  or  fiend. 
Frankinstein's  monster.       A  monster  constructed  by  a  student  of 
physiology  out  of  the  remnants  of  the  churchyard  and  dissecting- 
room,  with  a  kind  of  convulsive  life  infused  into  it  by  gai*  in:sm. 
Life  grew  intolerable  for  it  for  the  lack  of  sympathy,  so  it  wreaked 
vengeance  on  its  maker.     It  has  become  a  proverb  for  one  de- 
stroyed by  his  own  works.     [Godwin,  Poe.] 

Fury.  One  of  the  three  avenging  deities;  they  are  Tcsiphong, 
Alecto,  and  Megasra. 

Ghost.  The  spirit  apart  from  the  body;  the  returned  eoirit  of  a  de- 
ceased person;  an  apparition. 

Ghoul.     A  wicked  spirit  fabled  to  rob  graves. 

Gin.  One  of  the  fabled  good  or  evil  spirits  of  Arabian  mythology, 
supposed  to  be  the  children  of  fire  and  to  have  power  to  change 
their  forms  at  will. 

Gnome.     One  of  the  fabled  dwarf  goblins. 

Goblin.  A  fancied  spirit,  supposed  to  reside  in  the  woods  and  grot- 
toes, frightful  in  appearance  and  of  a  malicious  disposition . 

Harpy.  Originally  a  goddess  of  the  storm ;  later,  a  winged  demon  with 
the  head  and  body  of  a  woman  and  the  lower  extremities  of  a  bird. 
[Virgil,  ALneid.] 

Hobgoblin.  A  frightful  imp  or  goblin,  sometimes  identified  with  the 
household  spirit  or  Robin  Goodf ellow. 

Imp.     A  fanciful  evil  spirit  of  low  rank. 

Incubus.  An  evil  spirit  supposed  to  have  sexual  intercourse  with 
women  by  night. 

Jinn.     See  Gin. 

Kobold.     The  household  spirit  of  German  mythology. 

Lamia.  A  monster  with  the  form  of  a  woman,  who  is  said  to  have 
destroyed  human  beings  by  sucking  their  blood. 

Lemures.  Ghosts  of  the  departed  who  could  not  find  rest  on  account 
of  their  sins  or  the  manner  of  their  death. 

Lepre-chaune.  A  fairy  in  Irish  mythology  supposed  to  help  house- 
wives. 

Loki.     The  god  of  strife  and  spirit  of  evil. 

Loup-garou.  One  who  became  a  wolf  and  practised  cannibalism;  a 
werwolf. 

Lycanthrope.     A  human  being  said  to  have  been  changed  into  a  wolf. 

Mephistopheles.  One  of  the  seven  devils  of  old  demonology,  the  sec- 
ond of  the  fallen  archangels;  he  ranked  next  to  Satan  in  power. 
[Goethe,  Faust.] 

Merfolk.    The  whole  tribe  of  mermaids  and  mermen. 

Mermaid.  A  mythological  creature,  represented  as  having  the  head 
and  body  of  a  beautiful  woman  and  being  from  the  waist  down  of 
the  form  of  a  fish. 

Merman.     The  male  corresponding  to  the  mermaid. 

Moloch.  The  fire-god  or  sun-god  of  the  Ammonites,  to  whom  human 
sacrifices  were  offered,  especially  children.     [Bible.] 

Necks.     In  Norse  folk-lore,  water-sprites. 

Nis.     A  water-sprite. 

Nix.  In  Teutonic  mythology,  a  female  water-spirit  of  mischievous 
disposition. 

Oceanus.     The  god  of  the  sea. 

Ogre.     An  imaginary  monster,  supposed  to  devour  human  beings. 

Ogress.     A  female  ogre. 

Oufe.     Elf. 

Pigwidgeon.     Anything  especially  small. 

Pixy.  A  kind  of  fairy,  in  English  folk-lore,  that  danced  in  the  "pixy 
rings." 

Puck.  A  mischievous  fairy  of  English  folk-lore,  also  known  as  Robin 
Goodfellow.     [Shakespeare,  Midsummer  Night's  Dream.] 

Robin  Goodfellow.     A  mischievous  elf.     See  Puck. 

Satyr.   A  cunning  Sylvan  deity ,  represented  as  half  man  and  half  goat. 

Shade.     A  departed  spirit;  a  ghost. 

Shadow.     A  spirit  or  ghost. 

Shedim.     A  devil. 

Siren.  A  sea-nymph,  represented  as  half  woman  and  half  bird,  who  by 
her  sweet  songs  lured  passersby  to  destruction. 

Specter.     An  imaginary  appearance  of  a  departed  spirit. 

Spirit.     A  supernatural  being. 

Spook.     An  apparition,  or  ghost. 

Sprite.     A  spirit;  an  elf ;  a  shade. 

Succuba.  A  fabled  female  demon,  supposed  to  have  sexual  inter- 
course with  men  in  their  sleep. 

Succubus.     Male  demon  corresponding  to  Succuba. 

Titan.     Any  one  of  the  children  of  Uranus  and  Geea.     They  are  of 
great  strength  and  incarnate  the  natural  forces. 
(Continued  on  Column  t  .* 


JOVE— FIEND. 


566 


JUBILATION— LAMENTATION. 


FIEND—  Continued. 


WiU-o*  -the-wisp.  A  phosphorescent  light,  appearing  over  marshy 
places,  occasioned  by  gases  arising  from  decaying  animal  and  vege- 
table matter ;  hence,  a  misleading  influence. 


Wraith.     An  apparition  of  a  living  person,  supposed  to  be  ominous 
of  his  death 


Fiend — Adjectives. 


Demoniacal.     Like  a  demon. 

Elfin.     Pertaining  to  elves. 

Elf-like.     Having  the  characteristics  of  an  elf. 

Fiendish.     Like  a  fiend. 

Fiend-like.     With  the  qualities  of  a  fiend;  devilish. 

Ghost-like.) 

Ghostly. 

Haunted.    Frequented  by  ghosts  or  apparitions. 


-  Like  a  ghost;  spectral. 


Impish.     Like  an  imp. 

Spectral.     Having  the  appearance  of  a  ghost  or  specter. 
Supernatural.     Beyond  nature;  miraculous. 
Uncanny.     Strange;  weird. 
Unearthly.     Supernatural;  alarming. 

Weird.     Caused  by  magical  influence  and  awakening  superstitiout 
fear. 


Jovet  sub  [L.]  (jo'-vi,  sub).  In  the  open  air.  Outside- 
Inside,  Water-Air. 

jo'-vi-al.  Joyous.  Entertainment  -  Weariness, 
Lightheartedness  -  Dejection,  Sociability  -  Pri- 
vacy. 

jo'-vi-al-ness.  Jovial  nature.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

Jo-vin'-i-an-ist.  A  follower  of  Jovinian  of  Milan.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

jowl.    The  jaw.     Laterality-Contraposition. 

joy.  Gladness.  Pleasure-Pain;  give  one  joy,  Felici- 
tation. 

joy'-ful.    Full  of  joy.    Lightheartedness-Dejection. 


joy'-less.  Destitute  of  joy.  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection. 

joy'-ous-ness.  Gladness.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion. 

J.  P.    Justice  of  the  peace.    Judge. 

Juan.    John.    Don  Juan,  Purity-Rake. 

ju'-be.  A  rood-loft  at  the  entrance  of  the  choir  of  a 
church.     Fane. 

jubeo,  sic  volo  sic  [L.]  (ju'-bi-o,  sic  voMo  sic).  As  I 
wish,  thus  I  command.     Order. 

ju'-bi-lant.  Exultingly  glad.  Bragging,  Jubilation- 
Lamentation,  Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

ju"-bil-a'-tion.  Exultation.  Jubilation-Lamenta- 
tion. 


JUBILATION— LAMENTATION. 


Congratulation.     See  Congratulate. 

Derision,  etc.     Contempt  shown  by  laughter. 

Exultation.    Triumphant  joy. 

Jubilation.     The  act  of  rejoicing  or  exulting. 

Jubilee.     A  season  or  occasion  of  rejoicing  and  festivity. 

Laughter.     Convulsive  merriment. 

Laughter   holding    both    his    sides.        Great     laughter.       [Milton, 

L' Allegro.] 
Merrymaking.     An  occasion  of  jollity  and  merriment. 
Rejoicing.     The  expression  of  joy  or  gladness  in  any  manner. 
Reveling.     Disorderly  or  drunken  festivity. 
Risibility.     Tendency  to  laughter. 

Rollicker.     One  who  spends  his  time  in  frolic  and  reveling. 
Triumph.     Rejoicing  and  exultation  because  of  great  success. 

Jubilation — Associated  Nouns. 

Democritus  the  Abderite.     The  so-called  laughing  philosopher. 

Heyday.     A  time  of  frolic  and  exultation. 

Momus.     The  Grecian  god  of  censure  and  mockery. 

Paean.     A  song  of  triumph. 

Te  Deum  [L.J.     A  celebrated  Christian  hymn. 

Jubilation — Nouns  of  Manner. 

Broad  grin.    A  grin  extending  over  the  entire  face. 

Burst  of  laughter.     A  sudden  fit  of  laughing. 

Cachination.     Loud  hysterical  laughter. 

Cheer.     A  shout  of  applause. 

Chuckle.     Suppressed  or  broken  laughter. 

Crow.    A  triumphant  shout. 

Fit  of  laughter.     Continued  laughter  which  overpowers  one  for  the 

time  being. 
Flush.     The  color  which  overspreads  the  face  in  time  of  exultation. 
Giggle.     A  convulsive  laugh.     See  Verbs. 
Grin.     A  broad  smile  in  which  the  teeth  are  exposed. 
Guffaw.     A  burst  of  boisterous  laughter. 
Hearty  laugh.     A  sincere  vigorous  laugh. 
Horse-laugh.     A  guffaw. 
Peal  of  laughter.     Loud  prolonged  laughter. 
Roar  of  laughter.     Continued  boisterous  laughter. 
Sardonic  grin.     A  derisive  or  bitterly  sarcastic  grin. 
Shout.     A  sudden  outcry  of  joy. 
Shout  of  laughter.     A  loud  outburst  of  laughing. 
Simper.     A  silly,  conceited  smile. 
Smile.     A  joyful  or  pleasing  expression  of  the  face. 
Smirk.     A  silly,  self-complacent  smile;  a  simper. 
Snicker.     A  suppressed,  broken  laugh;  a  giggle. 
Titter.     A  restrained  laugh.     See  Verbs. 


Condolence.     Expressions  of  sympathy  with  one  in  grief. 
Lachrimation.     A  weeping. 

Lament.     Grief  or  sorrow  expressed  in  complaints  or  cries. 
Lamentation.     The  act  of  lamenting.     See  Lament. 
Languishment.     The  condition  of  pining  away  in  sorrow. 
Plaintiveness.     Subdued  sadness. 
Suspiration.     The  act  of  sighing. 
Wail  of  woe.     A  wild  cry  of  overwhelming  sorrow. 
Weeping.     Expression  of  sorrow  by  tears. 

Weeping  and  gnashing  of  teeth.     A  figurative  expression  of  great  pain 
or  grief.    [Bible. D 

Lamentation — Associated  Nouns. 

Coronach.     A  dirge  formerly  sung  in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland  on 

the  death  of  a  chieftain. 
Death-song.     A  hymn  sung  at  a  funeral. 
Dirge.     A  song  expressing  grief  and  mourning. 
Elegy.     A  mournful  poem. 
Epicedium.     A  dirge. 

Grumbler.     One  who  continually  speaks  complainingly. 
Heraclitus.     The  weeping  philosopher. 
Jeremiad.     A  tale  of  grief  or  woe.      [Bible,  Jeremiah.\ 
Monody.     A  melancholy  literary  composition. 
Mourner.     One  who  mourns. 
Nenia.     A  funeral  song. 
Niobe.     A  woman  of  Grecian  mythology,  who  was  changed  into  a 

weeping  stone,  weeping  for  her  children,  slain  by  the  gods. 
Rachel.     In  Bible  history  the  wife  of  Jacob,  represented  as  weeping 

for  her  children.  ■ 
Requiem.     A  hymn  or  service  for  the  dead. 

Threnodv  J  ^"n  oc^e  or  son£  °^  lamentation. 
TJlla-lulla.     A  lament  for  the  dead. 

Lamentation — Nouns  of  Expresston. 

Complaint.     The  expression  of  sorrow,  pain,  etc. 

Cry.     See  Cry. 

Deep  sigh.     See  Sigh. 

Dumps.     A  gloomy  state  of  mind,  the  "  doleful  dumps,"  of  Chevy 

Chase. 
Fit  of  crying.     Uncontrollable  weeping. 
Flood  of  tears.     Great  grief. 

Frown.     An  expression  of  the  face  indicating  displeasure. 
Groan.     See  Verbs. 
Grumble.     See  Verbs. 

Heaving.      A  moving  of  the  chest  as  in  great  grief. 
Howl.     A  wail;  a  prolonged  and  mournful  cry « 


JUBILATION. 


567 


JUBILATION— LAMENTATION. 


JUBILATION— LAMENTATION— Continued. 


Jubilation — Verbs. 

Bless  one's  stars.     To  be  thankful  for  one's  good  fortune. 

Burst  into  a  fit  of  laughter.     See  Fit  op  laughter. 

Burst  out.     To  break  out  into  laughter. 

Cackle.     To  laugh  in  a  broken,  silly  manner;  to  giggle. 

Carol.     To  sing  in  a  joyful  strain. 

Chirp.     To  give  a  quick,  shrill  cry  of  delight. 

Chirrup.     See  Chirp. 

Chuckle.  To  laugh  in  a  suppressed  or  broken  manner,  often  in 
derision  or  mockery. 

Clap  one's  hands.     To  applaud. 

Congratulate  oneself.     To  feel  happiness  over  success,  etc. 

Crow.     See  Crow. 

Cry  for  joy.     To  be  sc  affected  by  feelings  of  joy  as  to  cry. 

Dance.     To  express  joy  by  dancing. 

Die  with  laughter.     To  be  convulsed  with  laughter. 

Exult.     To  rejoice  exceedingly. 

Fling  up  one's  cap.     To  express  joy  by  tossing  up  the  cap. 

Giggle.  To  laugh  in  a  restrained  and  broken  fashion,  often  sillily; 
to  titter. 

Grin.     See  Nouns. 

Grin  like  a  Cheshire  cat.     To  show  tne  teeth  and  gums  in  laughing. 

Hold  both  one's  sides.     To  laugh  very  heartily. 

Hold  jubilee.     To  rejoice  or  make  merry. 

Hug  oneself.     To  congratulate  oneself. 

Hurrah.     To  give  a  shout  of  joy;  to  cheer. 

Laugh.     To  give  vent  to  laughter. 

Laugh  in  one's  sleeve.  To  be  full  of  laughter  without  openly  ex- 
pressing it. 

Laugh  outright.     To  laugh  openly  and  without  restraint. 

Leap  with  joy.     To  express  joy  by  leaping. 

Make  merry.     To  rejoice  or  make  merry. 

Mock.  To  express  pleasure  st  another's  misfortune;  to  laugh  in 
derision;  to  imitate. 

Raise  laughter,  etc.     To  cause  merriment. 

Rejoice.     To  express  pleasure  or  joy  in  any  manner  whatever. 

Roar.     To  laugh  noisily. 

Roar  with  laughter.     To  laugh  loudly. 

Rub  one's  hands.     To  express  satisfaction  by  the  hands. 

Shake  one's  sides.     To  be  convulsed  with  great  laughter. 

Shout.     To  exult  by  shouting. 

Simper.     To  smile  in  a  silly,  conceited  manner. 

Sing.     To  celebrate  in  song. 

Skip.     To  leap  about  in  a  dancing  fashion. 

Smack  the  lips.  To  express  relish  or  satisfaction  by  movements  of 
the  lips. 

Smicker.     To  look  amorously. 

Smile.     To  give  a  joyous  or  pleasing  expression  to  the  countenance. 

Smirk.     To  simper. 

Snicker  1 

c  .         *  r  To  laugh  in  a  suppressed  and  often  silly  fashion. 

Split.     See  Split  one's  sides. 

Split  one's  sides.     To  laugh  immoderately  and  uncontrollably. 

Thank  one's  stars.     See  Bless  one's  stars. 

Titter.     See  Giggle. 

Triumph.     To  rejoice  or  exult  because  of  great  success. 

Jubilation — Adjectives, 

Convulsed  with  laughter.     Moved  by  uncontrollable  laughter. 

Elated.     Having  the  spirits  raised  by  success. 

Exultant.     Rejoicing  greatly. 

Flushed.     See  Flush. 

Jubilant.     Manifesting  or  ready  to  manifest  joy  in  shouts  and  songs. 

Laughable.     Tending  to  cause  laughter. 

Laughing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Ready  to  burst  with  laughter.  \ 

Ready  to  die  with  laughter,      >  Extremely  amused. 

Ready  to  split  with  laughter.  J 

Rejoicing,  etc.     Expressing  joy. 

Risible.     Prone  to  laugh. 

Triumphant.     Full  of  rejoicing  because  of  success. 

Jubilation — Interjections. 
Ahal     An  exclamation  of  triumph  or  mockery. 
Hail  I     An  exclamation  of  greeting  or  reverent  salutation. 
Heaven  be  praised !     An  exclamation  of  thanksgiving. 
Hurrah!     An  exclamation  of  triumph. 
Huzza!     Same  as  hurrah. 
lo  triumphe!  [L.J     Hurrah! 

So  much  the  better!     An  expression  of  satisfaction. 
Tant  mieux  !  [F.J     So  much  the  better! 
Tolderolloll  t     An  exclamation  of  pleasure. 


LAMENTATION— Nouns  of  Expression— Continued. 

Knell.     The  tolling  of  a  bell  announcing  a  death  or  funeral. 

Melting  mood.  A  state  of  mind  in  which  the  feelings  are  easily 
affected. 

Moan.     A  low  mournful  sound. 

Murmur.     A  complaint  uttered  in  a  subdued  voice. 

Mutter.     A  complaining  remark. 

Outcry  of  wo.     A  loud  wail  of  distress. 

Plaint.     A  mournful  expression  of  sorrow. 

Scowl.  An  expression  of  the  face  indicating  anger  or  extreme  dis- 
pleasure. 

Scream.     An  expression  of  extreme  fear  or  pain. 

Sigh.  A  deep  breath  expressive  of  some  distressing  emotion.  See 
Verbs. 

Sob.  A  co-.vulsive  inhalation  of  air  under  the  impulse  of  hysterical 
emotion.     See  Verbs. 

Tear.  A  drop  of  the  saline  liquid  which  flows  from  the  eyes  in 
weeping. 

Wail.     A  long-drawn  sound  of  lamentation.     See  Verbs. 

Whimper.     A  low,  broken  cry  of  complaint.     See  Verbs . 

Whine.     A  plaintive  cry,  as  of  an  animal  in  distress. 

Lamentation — Associated  Words. 

Crape.     Black  material  much  worn  in  mourning. 

Cypress.     Any  plant  used  as  an  emblem  of  mourning. 

Deep  mourning.  Ordinary  mourning  intensified  both  as  to  garments 
and  social  intercourse.     See  Mourning. 

Lachrymatory.  A  small  glass  bottle  to  contain  the  tears  of 
mourners. 

Mourning.  The  black  garments  and  crape  worn  in  deep  bereave- 
ment; also  the  condition  of  refraining  from  social  intercourse. 

Sackcloth  and  ashes.     An  expression  of  penitence  or  great  grief. 

Weeds.     A  token  of  mourning. 

Willow.     An  emblem  of  sorrow. 

Lamentation — Verbs. 

Beat  one's  breast.     To  express  great  sorrow  by  striking  the  bosom. 

Bellow  like  a  bull.     To  roar  with  pain  or  grief. 

Bemoan.     To  mourn  for. 

Bewail.     To  express  grief  in  passionate  utterance. 

Bibber.     To  weep  like  a  child. 

Blubber.     To  sob  in  a  childish,  broken  manner. 

Burst  into  tears.     To  begin  weeping  suddenly. 

Burst  with  grief.     To  be  overcome  with  grief. 

Clamor.     To  cry  out  repeatedly  and  in  a  noisy  fashion. 

Complain.     To  give  expression  to  grief;  also  to  find  fault. 

Complain  without  cause.     To  make  useless  objection. 

Condole  with.     To  express  sympathy  with. 

Croak.     To  talk  in  a  complaining  manner;  to  grumble. 

Cry.     To  express  one's  grief  in  tears;  to  weep. 

Cry  oneself  blind.     To  weep  excessively. 

Cry  one's  eyes  out.     To  weep  continuously. 

Cry  out  before  one  is  hurt.     Cry  without  cause. 

Cry  out  lustily.     To  cry  out  in  a  strong,  vigorous  fashion. 

Deplore.     To  regard  some  event  of  the  past  with  regret  or  sorrow. 

Deprecate.     To  express  deep  regret  for. 

Drop  a  tear.     To  have  the  feelings  slightly  moved;  usually  said  of 

one  not  wont  to  shed  tears. 
Drop  tears.     To  weep;    usually  said  of  one  trying  to  repress  hii 

feelings. 
Fetch  a  sigh.     See  Heave  a  sigh. 
Fondre  en  larmes  [F.fl.     To  melt  in  tears. 
Fret.     To  worry;  to  express  oneself  peevishly. 
Frown.     To  express  displeasure.     See  Nouns. 
Give  a  sigh.     To  sigh. 

Give  sorrow  words.     To  give  expression  to  one's  sorrow. 
Gnash  one's  teeth.     To  strike  the  teeth  together  as  in  rage  or  anguish. 
Go  into  mourning.     To  wear  emblems  of  mourning.     See  Nouns. 
Greet.     To  weep. 

Grieve.     To  sorrow  over,  often  silently. 
Groan.     To  utter  a  low  moaning  sound. 
Growl.     To  give  an  angry  guttural  sound. 
Grumble.     To  find  fault. 
Grunt.     To  give  a  short  groan. 
Heave  a  sigh.     To  sigh  as  with  an  effort. 
Injandum  renovare    dolorem   [L.fl.       To   revive   unspeakable  grief. 

[Virgil,  JEneid,  2,  i.] 
Lament.     To  feel  or  express  sorrow. 

Make  a  fuss  about.     To  grieve  too  much  about  trivial  matters. 
Make  a  wry  face.     To  show  displeasure  by  a  distortion  of  the  face. 
Maunder.     To  complain  in  a  broken,  foolish  manner. 


JUBILATION. 


568 


JUDGE 


JUBILATION— LAMENTATION— Continued. 


Jubilation — Phrases. 

Le  rot  est  mart,  vive  le  roil    [F.|     The  king  is  dead,  long  live  the  king! 

Thalatta!  ihalalia!  [Gr.|     The  sea!  the  sea!     The  cry  of  the  Greeks 
marching  home  from  Persia,  when  they  sighted  the  Mediterranean. 
The  heart  leaping  with  joy. 


LAMENTATION— Adjectives— Continued  from  Column  a. 

Cachrimose.     Given  to  shedding  tears. 

Lamenting,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

"Like  Niobe  all  tears."  Shedding  tears  profusely,  like  the  stone  into 

which  Niobe  was  turned.     [Hamlet*  I,  ii.] 
Mournful.     Oppressed  with  grief. 
Plaintful.     Given  to  expressing  sorrow. 
Plaintive.     Given  to,  or  characterized  by,  expressions  of  subdued 

sadness. 
Querimonious.     Querulous. 
Querulous.     Given  to  complaining. 
Sorrowful.     Expressing  deep  sorrow. 
Sorrowing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Tearful.     Shedding  tears. 
With  moisture  in  one's  eyes.1  Read 
with  moistened  eyes.  i 

With  tears  in  one's  eyes.     Weeping. 
With  watery  eyes.     Crying. 

Lamentation — Adverbs. 
De  profundis  [L.fl.     Out  of  the  depths. 
Les  larmes  aux  yeux  [F.fl.     Tears  in  the  eyes. 

Lamentation — Interjections. 
Ah  me  1    An  exclamation  of  sorrow. 
Aiack  1     An  exclamation  of  regret  or  sorrow. 
alackadayl     See  Alack. 
Alas !     An  exclamation  of  sorrow. 
Alas  the  day!     Oh,  unfortunate  day. 

Heigh-ho!     An  exclamation  of  either  joy  or  disappointment. 
Lackadaisy!     See  Alack. 
Lackaday!     See  Alackaday. 
Miserable  diclu  I  [L.]J     Sorrowful  to  telll 

O  dearl     An  exclamation  of  either  surprise  or  disappointment. 
0  lud  lud!     Vulgar  form  of  O  Lord  Lord. 
0  temporal  O  mores/     O  the  times  I  O  the  manners! 
Too  true ! 

Welladay!     See  Wellaway. 
Wellaway!     Wo  is  me. 

Lamentation — Phrases, 
Eyes  brimming  with  tears ;  eyes  overflowing  with  tears ;  eyes  suffused 
with  tears;  eyes  swimming  with  tears;  tears  standing  in  the  eyes; 
tears  starting  from  the  eyes. 


LAMENTATION— Verbs— Continued. 

Melt  in  tears.     To  be  so  moved  in  feeling  that  tears  flow  freely. 

Mew.     To  give  the  plaintive  cry  of  a  cat. 

Moan.     To  give  a  low  mournful  sound,  more  plaintive  than  a  groan 

Mourn.     To  weep. 

Murmur.     To  find  fault  in  a  low  subdued  tone 

Mutter.     To  complain  in  indistinct  tones 

Pipe.     To  weep. 

Pipe  one's  eye.     To  weep. 

Pule      To  cry  complainingly,  as  a  child. 

Put  on  mourning.     To  wear  emblems  of  sorrow. 

Rend  the    air.     To  cause  the  air  to  vibrate  with  cries  of  pain  or 

anguish. 
Roar.     To  express  one's  grief  in  a  loud  boisterous  manner. 
Roar  like  a  bull.     See  Bellow  like  a  bull. 
Roll  on  the  ground.     To  express  great  grief  by  throwing  oneself  oi 

the  earth. 
Scream.     To  give  a  shrill  loud  cry. 
Scowl.       To  express  displeasure  by  contortion  of  the  face.       See 

Nouns. 
Shed  a  tear.     See  Drop  a  tear. 
Shed  tears.     See  Drop  tears. 
Sigh.     To  take  a  deep,  long-drawn,  and  audible  respiration,  ex 

pressive  of  some  emotion,  as  grief. 
Sigh  like  a  furnace.     To   sigh  deeply  and   continuously.      [Shake 

speare,  As  You  Like  It.] 
Snivel.     To  cry  whiningly;  also,  to  affect  crying. 
Sob.     To  utter  or  weep  convulsively. 

Tear  one's  hair.     To  pull  one's  hair;  an  expression  of  great  grief. 
"Waft  a  sigh  from  Indus  to  the  pole."     To  give  forth  a  deep  mournful 

sigh.     [Pope,  Eloisa  to  Abelard.] 
Wail.     To  cry  loudly. 

Wear  mourning.     To  wear  emblems  of  sorrow.     See  Nouns. 
Wear  sackcloth  and  ashes.     To  wear  garments  expressive  of  grief  or 

sorrow. 
Wear  the  willow.   To  be  in  mourning  because  of  the  absence,  death, 

or  broken  plight  of  a  lover. 
Weep.     To  shed  tears. 
Weep  over.     To  weep  because  of. 
Whimper.     To  cry  in  low  broken  tones. 
Whine.     See  Whine. 
Wring  one's  hands.     To  clasp  the  hands  and  twist  them  in  great 

anguish  or  grief. 

Lamentation — A  djectives. 

Bathed  in  tears.     Shedding  tears  profusely. 

Dissolved  in  tears.     Entirely  overcome  with  grief. 

Elegiac.     Sad  or  plaintive. 

In  mourning.     Wearing  visible  signs  of  mourning. 

In  tears.     Weeping. 

In  sackcloth  and  ashes.     Wearing  sackcloth  and  ashes. 

In  the  melting  mood.     See  Melting  mood. 

{Continued  on  Column  i .) 


ju'-bi-lee.  A  season  of  festivity.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Jubilation-Lamentation,  Periodic- 
ity-Irregularity, Solemnization. 

ju-cund'-i-ty.    Pleasantness.    Pleasurableness-Pain- 

FULNESS. 

Judceus  Apella  credat  [L.]  (jiu-de'-e-us  a-pel'-la  cri'- 
dat).  Let  Apella,  the  superstitious  Jew,  believe  it. 
Adage-Nonsense,  Faith-Misgiving 

ju-da'-i-cal.  Pertaining  to  the  Jewish  polity.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

Ju'-da-ism.   Jewish  polity.    Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

Ju'-das.  The  false  disciple.  Gull-Deceiver,  Patri- 
otism-Treason, Uprightness-Rogue;  Judas  kiss, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty. 

judge.  A  judicial  officer;  a  connoisseur.  Advocate, 
Chief-Underling,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Judge, 
Judicature,  President-Member,  Taste-Vulgar- 
ity. 

JUDGE 

Arbiter.     One  chosen  or  appointed  to  settle  matters  in  dispute. 
Arbitrator.    One  who  has  appointed  power  to  judge  disputes. 
Archon.     A  judge  of  ancient  Athens. 


Assessor.     An  officer  often  in  association  with  a  judge  to  assess  taxes. 

Assistant  judge.     A  judge  whose  office  is  to  assist  the  chief  iudge 

Barmaster.     A  judge. 

Beak.     [Slang.]     A  magistrate. 

Cadi.     A  Turkish  chief  judge. 

Censor.     A  judge  of  ancient  Rome. 

Chancellor.     A  judge  in  a  court  of  equity 

Common  sergeant.     An  English  court  officer. 

County-court  judge.     The  magistrate  presiding  over  county  court* 

Domesman.     A  judge  in  the  old  English  courts. 

Ephor.     An  ancient  Spartan  magistrate. 

J.  P.     Justice  of  the  peace. 

Judge,     A  judicial  officer  with  invested  power  to  administer  justic* 

Judge  of  assize.     An  English  court  judge. 

Jurat.     An  English  municipal  officer  resembling  an  alderman. 

Jury.     A  body  of  men  sworn  to  try  a  cause. 

Justice.     A  judge. 

Justice  of  assize.     An  English  court  judge. 

Justice  of  the  peace.     A  judge  of  minor  cases. 

Justiciar.     A  judge;  formerly  chief  justice. 

Justiciary.     A  high  judicial  officer. 

Kadi.     A  Turkish  judge. 

Magistrate.     Usually,  a  minor  local  justice. 

Mollah.     A  Mohammedan  judge. 

Mufti.     A  Turkish  court  officer. 

Podesta.     An  Italian  magistrate. 

Police  magistrate.     A  judge  of  a  police  court. 


JUDGE. 


569 


JUDICIAL. 


Pra-tor.     A  Roman  judge  ranking  next  to  the  consul 

Puisne  judge.     An  inferior  judge. 

Recorder.     A  criminal  magistrate  in  a  city  or  borough. 

Referee.     One   appointed  by  a  court  to  decide  matters  between 

litigants. 
Referendary.     One  to  whose  decision  some  case  is  referred. 
Revising  barrister.     One  of  a  board  appointed  annually  to  revise  the 

list  of  Parliamentary  electors. 
Rhadamanthus.     A  very  just  judge  in  Hades 
Syndic.     Head  of  a  university,  college,  or  corporation. 
Ulema.     The  body  of  Moslem  doctors  of  the  law  who  interpret  the 

Koran. 
Umpire.     Person  chosen  to  pass  judgment  on  a  case  in  controversy. 

Judge — Nouns  of  Place. 
Court.     A  place  where  justice  is  administered.     See  Tribunal. 
Tribune.     A  rostrum;  platform. 

Judge — Nouns  of  Title. 
Attorney-General.     Chief  law  officer  of  a  state  or  the  nation. 
Baron.     A  noble  of  the  lower  order 

Baron  of  the  Exchequer.     A  judge  of  the  Court  of  Exchequer. 
Chancellor.     Chief  justice  of  a  court  of  equity. 
His  honor.     The  honorary  title  addressed  to  a  judge. 

Judge  Advocate.     Person  appointed  to  act  as  prosecutor  at  a  court 

martial 
Lord  Chancellor.     The  title  of  England's  chief  magistrate. 
Lord  Chief  Baron.     The  highest  rank  of  the  barons. 
Lord  Chief  Justice.     The  highest  rank  of  the  justices  of  Court  of 

Queen's  Bench. 
Lord  Justice.     The  justice  ranking  after  the  Lord  President. 
Master  in  Chancery.     Officer  of  a  court  of  equity  who  assists  the 

judge 
Master  of  the  Rolls.  One  of  the  judges  of  the  chancery  division  of  the 

High  Court  of  Justice, the  keeper  of  the  rolls  of  all  patents  and  grants 

that  pass  the  great  seal,  and  all  records  of  the  Court  of  Chancery. 
Mr.  Justice.     Honorary  title  addressed  to  a  justice. 
Prothonotary.     A  chief  notary,  or  clerk 
Vice-Chancellor.     A  judge  next  in  rank  to  a  chancellor. 

Judge — Associated  Noun. 
Litigant.     A  party  to  a  lawsuit.     See  Justification-Charge. 

Judge — Verbs. 
Adjudge.     To  pass  judgment  upon.     See  Decision. 
Try  a  case.     To  bring  a  case  to  trial. 
Try  a  prisoner.     To  bring  a  prisoner  to  trial. 

Judge — Adjective. 
Judicial.     Pertaining  to  a  court  or  judge. 

Judge — Phrases. 
•'A  Daniel  come  to  judgment."     A  just  judge.     Shakespeare,  Mer- 
chant of   Venice. 
Twelve  men  in  a  box.     Figurative  for  jury. 

Judge.     God,  the  Judge  of  the  world.     Deity. 
udg'-ment.    The  final  award  or  sentence  of  the  human 
race.    Day  of  Judgment,  Beginning-End. 
judg'-ment.    The  act  or  faculty  of  judging.    Decision- 

MlSJUDGMENT,  DlFFERENTIATION-lN DISCRIMINATION, 
ExCULPATION-PuNITION,    MlND-lMBECILITY,     SAGAC- 

:ty-Incapacity. 

judg'-ment-seat".  The  seat  from  which  judgment  is 
delivered.     Tribunal. 

judicata,  res  [L .]  (jiu-di-ke'-ta,  riz).  An  adjudged  case. 
Certainty-Doubt,  Decision-Misjudgment. 

ju"-di-ca'-tion.  Act  of  passing  judgment  Decision- 
Misjudgment. 

ju'-di-ca-to-ry.  Juridical;  tribunal.  Judicature,  Tri- 
bunal 

ju'-di-ca-ture.  The  jurisdiction  of  a  court.  Judicature. 

JUDICATURE. 
Administration  of  Justice.      Act  of  administering  or  managing  public 

affairs 
Commission  of  the  peace.     A  commission  for  the  appointment  of 

justices  of  the  peace 
Executive.     The  officer  who  superintends  the  execution  of  the  laws. 
Judicature .     The  administration  of  justice  by  trial  and  judgment. 
Jurisdiction.     Lawful  exercise  of  official  authority. 
Magistracy.     The  office  of  a  magistrate.     See  Rule 


Soc.     The  power  of  holding  court  in  a  district      [Anglo-Saxony 
Tribunal.     A  court  of  justice. 

Judicature — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Alcalde  [Sp.].     Chief  magistrate  of  a  city  of  Spain 
Alguazii  [Sp.].     A  constable. 
Bailiff.     A  court  officer. 
Beadle.     An  under  officer  in  a  parish. 
Bedel.     See  Beadle. 
Bumbailiff .     An  under  bailiff. 

Bumbledom.     Sarcastic  for  the  petty  pomposity  of  minor  officials. 
Catchpoll.     A  sheriff's  officer  to  make  arrests. 
Constable.     A  civil  officer  appointed  to  make  arrests. 
Constabulary.     The  body  of  constables 
Coroner.     An  officer  to  inquire  into  sudden  deaths. 
Custom-house   officer.     A  person   authorized   to  do  custom-house 

business. 
Douanier.     A  customs  officer. 

Edile.     A  magistrate  of  Rome  who  superintended  public  buildings 
Exciseman.     An  officer  who  collects  excise  duties. 
Gager.     An  officer  who  ascertains  the  contents  of  casks. 
Gendarme  [F.].     A  French  policeman. 

Hussar  [G.L     A  light  cavalryman  of  the  Hungarian  police. _ 
Judge.     A  civil  officer  who  hears  causes  and  administers  justice 
Kavass.     A  Turkish  police  officer. 

Victor  [L.J     A  Roman  officer  in  attendance  upon  a  consul. 
Lord  lieutenant.     A  high  official  representing  the  sovereign. 
Mace-bearer.     An  officer  who  carries  a  mace  on  public  occasions. 
Officer.     A  person  authorized  to  fill  a  public  position. 
Paritor.     A  beadle. 

Police  constable.     A  member  of  the  police  force. 
Police  force.     An  organized  body  of  police 
Policeman.     An  officer  whose  duty  is  the  preservation  of  order,  and 

the  prevention  and  detection  of  crime. 
Police  sergeant.     A  superior  police  officer. 
Portreeve.     The  chief  magistrate  in  a  maritime  town. 
Posse  comitatus  [L.].     The  power  of  a  county. 
Press-gang.     A  party  of  seamen  under  an  officer  with  power  to 

impress  men  into  naval  service. 
Sbirro  [It  1      An  Italian  police  officer 

Sheriff.     The  chief  county  officer  who  executes  court  decrees. 
Tipstaff.     An  officer  who  bears  a  staff  tipped  with  metal;  a  sheriff 'i 

attendant. 

Judicature — Associated  Nouns. 
Bailiwick .     The  jurisdiction  of  a  bailiff . 
Corporation.     A  body  of  persons  empowered  to  transact  business  as 

one  person. 
Municipality.     An  incorporated  town  possessing  a  charter  confer. 

ring  local  self-government. 
Shrievalty.     The  jurisdiction  of  a  sheriff. 

Judicature— Wrfrj. 
Judge.    To  try  judicially. 
Sit  in  judgment.     To  deliberate  for  a  judicial  decision. 

Judicature — Adjectives. 
Administrative.     Administrating,  executive. 
Causidical.     Pertaining  to  an   advocate  or  the  maintenance   and 

defense  of  suits. 
Executive.     Pertaining  to  the  execution  of  the  laws  or  the  conduct 

of  affairs. 
Inquisitorial.     Pertaining  to  inquisition. 
Judicatory.     Pertaining  to  the  administration  of  justice. 
Judicial.     Pertaining  to  courts  of  justice  or  to  a  judge. 
Judiciary.     Of  or  pertaining  to  courts  of  judicature,  or  legal  tri- 
bunals. 
Juridical.     Pertaining  to  a  judge  or  to  jurisprudence. 
Municipal.     Of  or  pertaining  to  a  city  or  corporation  having  the 

right  of  administering  local  government. 

Judicature — Adverb. 
Coram  judice  [L.]      Before  the  judge. 

judg'-ing.    Deciding.     Decision-Misjudgment. 

Ju'-di-ca-ture.  A  court.  High  Court  of  Judicature, 
Tribunal. 

judice,  coram  [L. ]  (jiu'-di-si,  cor'-am) .  In  the  presence 
of  a  judge.    Judicature,  Litigation. 

judice,  me  [L.]  (jiu'-di-si,  ml).  In  my  judgment  De- 
cision-Misjudgment. 

judice,  sub  [L.]  (jiu'-di-si,  sub).  On  trial.  Investiga- 
tion-Answer, Litigation. 

ju-di'-cial.  Pertaining  to  a  court  or  judge.  Judgb, 
Judicature,  Tribunal;  judicial  astrology,  Proph- 
ecy; judicial  murder,  Life-Killing;  judicial  separa- 
tion. Matrimony-Divorce. 


JUDICIARY. 


570 


JUSTIFICATION— CHARGE . 


ju-di'-ci-a-ry.    Judges  taken  collectively.    Judicature. 

ju-di'-cious.  Prudent.  Decision-Misjudgment,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity. 

jug.     A  vessel.     Contents-Receiver. 

Jug'-ger-naut.  The  lord  of  the  world.  [Hind.]  De- 
votion-Idolatry, Jove-Fiend,  Life-Killing. 

jug'-gle.  To  trick.  Craft-Artlessness,  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud. 

jug'-gler.    A  trickster.    Gull-Deceiver. 

ju'-gu-lar.     A  vein.     Anatomy. 

ju'-gu-late.    To  cut  the  throat  of.    Life-Killing. 

juice.  The  fluid  part  of  vegetable  or  animal  matter. 
Liquid-Gas. 

juice'-less.    Devoid  of  juice.    Dampness-Dryness. 

jui'-cy.  Full  of  juice.  Dampness-Dryness,  Liquid- 
Gas. 

iu'-jube     A  sweetmeat.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

ju'-lep.    A  sweetened  drink.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

Ju'-li-an.  Pertaining  to  Julius  Csesar.  Julian  calen- 
dar, Astronomy. 

jum'-ble.  A  confused  mixture.  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity, Organization-Disorganization,  Regu- 
larity-Irregularity. 

ju'-ment.    A  beast.    Conveyer. 

jump.  To  leap  over.  Carefulness-Carelessness, 
Revolution,  Spring-Dive;  at  one  jump,  Eternity- 
Instantaneity;  jump  about,  Agitation;  jump 
at,  Consent,  Desire-Distaste,  Hurry-Leisure, 
Quest-Evasion,  Readiness-Reluctance,  Taking- 
Restitution;  jump  over,  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness; jump  to  a  conclusion,  Credulousness-Skepti- 
cism,  Decision-Misjudgment;  jump  up,  Elevation- 
Depression,  Spring-Dive. 

junc'-tion.  The  act  of  joining  or  condition  of  being 
joined.     Union-Disunion. 

junc'-ture.  A  joint.  Condition-Situation,  Oppor- 
tuneness-Unsuitableness,  Union-Disunion. 

jun'-gle.  A  thicket.  Fauna-Flora,  Regularity-Ir- 
regularity. 

jun'-ior.     Younger,  or  lower  in  rank.     Infancy- Age. 

junk.     A  large  vessel.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

jun'-ket.  A  delicacy;  a  picnic.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Nutriment-Excretion. 

Ju'-no.     A  Latin  goddess.     Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

junta  [Sp.].     A  council.     Council. 

jun'-to.     A  faction.     Association. 

jupe.     A  petticoat,  or  skirt.     Dress-Undress. 

Tu'-pi-ter.     The  supreme  Roman  god.     Jove-Fiend. 

Jupiter  ne  quidem  omnibus  placet  [L.]  (jiu'-pi-ter  ni 
quai'-dem  om'-ni-bus  ple'-set).  Not  even  Jupiter 
pleases  all.     Contentedness-Discontentment. 

Jupiter,  quern  . . .  vult  perdere,  dementat  prius  [L.]  (quem 
jiu'-pi-ter  vult  per'-der-i,  di-men'-tat  prai'-us). 
Whom  Jupiter  wishes  to  destroy  he  first  makes  mad. 
Favorite-Anger,  Love-Hate. 

jurare  in  verba  magistri  [L.]  (jiu-re'-r!  in  ver'-ba  maj- 
is'-trai).  To  swear  with  the  words  of  a  master. 
Credulousness  -  Skepticism,  Decision  -  Misjudg- 
ment. 


Ju-ras'-sic    pe'-ri-od.     A  period  in  geology.     Geology. 

ju'-rat.     A  sworn  officer.     Judge. 

jure,  de  [L.]  (jiu'-ri,  di).  By  law.  Dueness-Undub- 
ness,  Law-Lawlessness. 

jure  divino  [L.]  (jiu'-rl  di-vai'-no).  By  divine  right. 
Divinity,  Dueness-Undueness. 

ju-rid'-ic-al.     Relating  to  law.     Judicature. 

ju"-ris-con'-sult.     A  jurist.     Advocate. 

ju"-ris-dic'-tion.  Lawful  power.  Judicature,  Rule' 
License. 

ju"-ris-pru'-dence .  The  science  of  law.  Law-Law- 
lessness. 

ju'-rist.     One  versed  in  the  science  of  law. 

ju'-ry .  A  body  of  men  chosen  and  sworn  to  try  a  cause. 
Judge;  empanel  a  jury,  Litigation;  jury-box,  Tri- 
bunal; jury-mast,  Commutation-Permutation. 

jus  civile  [L.]  (jus  si-vai'-li).  The  civil  law.  Law- 
Lawlessness. 

fits  et  norma  loquendi  [L.]  (jus  et  nor'-malo-quen'-dai). 
The  law  and  rule  of  speaking.  Grammar-Sole- 
cism. 

jus  gentium  [L.]  (jus  jen'-shi-um) .  The  law  of  nations. 
Law-Lawlessness. 

jus  nocendi  [L.]  (jus  no-sen'-dai).  The  law  of  retalia- 
tion.    Rule-License. 

jus  oritur,  ex  facto  [L.]  (jus  or'-i-tur,  ex  fac'-to).  The 
law  arises  out  of  fact.     Truth-Error. 

jus,  summum  [L.]  (jus,  sum'-mum).  The  highest  law. 
Right-Wrong. 

just.  Fair;  upright.  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Nov- 
elty-Antiquity, Right- Wrong,  Truth-Error,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty; just  as,  Coexistence,  Like- 
ness-Unlikeness;  just  do,  Enough;  just  in  time,  Op- 
portuneness -Unsuitableness;  just  now,  Time; 
just  out,  Novelty-Antiquity;  just  reasoning,  Ra- 
tiocination-Instinct; just  so,  Assent-Dissent  ; 
just  then,  Eternity-Instantaneity;  just  the  thing, 
Harmony-Discord,  Truth-Error. 

juste  milieu  [F.]  (zhust  mi-liu').  The  golden  mean. 
Midcourse-Circuit,  Middle,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

jus'-tice.  Rectitude;  impartiality.  Judge,  Law-Law- 
lessness, Right -Wrong;  Uprightness  -  Dishon- 
esty; administration  of  justice,  Judicature;  bring 
to  justice,  Litigation;  court  of  justice,  Tribunal; 
do  justice  to,  Approval-Disapproval,  Duty-Dere- 
liction, Justification-Charge,  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion; justice  seat,  Tribunal;  not  do  justice  to, 
Overvaluation-Undervaluation;  retributive  jus- 
tice, Exculpation-Punition. 

justice,  main  de  [F.]  (zhus-ts',  man-  de).  The  hand  of 
justice.     Law-Lawlessness. 

jus-ti'-ci-ar.    A  chief  justice.    Judge. 

jus-ti'-ci-a-ry.     A  judge.     Judge. 

jus'-ti-fi"-a-ble.  Vindicated.  Justification-Charge, 
Right-Wrong. 

jus"-ti-fi-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  justifying.  Godliness- 
Ungodliness,  Justification-Charge. 


JUSTIFICATION— CHARGE. 


Acquittal.     A  discharge  from  accusation  by  judicial  action. 

Exculpation.     The  state  of  being  freed  from  blame. 

Exoneration.     The  state  of  being  freed  from  a  charge,  accusation, 

imputation,  obligation,  or  the  like. 
Extenuation.     Palliation. 
Justification.     Vindication;  defense. 
Mitigation .     The  state  of  making  less  severe. 
Palliation.     The  making  to  appear  less  guilty  or  offensive. 
Softening.     A  making  soft;  mitigating. 
Vindication.     The  state  or  act  of  proving  true,   rigiit,   or  correct 

against  denial,  censure,  or  objection. 
Whitewashing.     An  attempt  to  render  fair    and    reputable  what  is 

doubtful  or  corrupt. 


Accrimination.     An  accusation. 

Accusation.     A  charge  of  crime  or  misconduct. 

Charge.     What  is  alleged  or  brought  forward  by  way  of  accusation. 

Crimination.     The  act  of  accusing. 

Denouncement.     The  act  of  accusing  publicly. 

Denunciation.     The  act  of  declaring  a  person  worthy  of  reprobation 

or  punishment. 
Detraction.     The  act  of  taking  away  from  the  good  name  of  another. 
Exprobation.     The  act  of  censuring. 

Gravamen  of  a  charge.     The  burden  of  complaint  against  a  person. 
Head  and  front  of  one's  offending.     The  special  cause  of  offense. 
Impeachment.     A  discrediting  or  calling  in  question  of  motive*  or 

conduct. 


JUSTIFICATION. 


571 


JUSTIFICATION— CHARGE. 


JUSTIFICATION— CHARGE— Continued 


Justification — Nouns  of  Agent,  etc. 

Apologist.     One  who  argues  in  defense  of  a  person  or  cause. 
Defendant.     A  person  against  whom  a  suit  is  brought. 
Justiner.     One  who  justifies;  a  vindicator. 
Vindicator.     A  defender. 

Justification — Nouns  of  Means. 

Allowance.     Toleration;  sanction. 

Allowance  to  be  made.     Recognition  of  modifying  circumstances. 

Apology.     A  justification  or  defense  for  what  appears  to  others  to  be 

wron-? 
Defense.     A  plea  in  justification,  vindication,  or  support. 
Excuse.     A  plea  or  reason  exonerating  one  from  a  seeming  fault. 
Extenuating  circumstances.     Circumstances  that  serve  to  diminish 

the  gravity  or  importance  of  an  act. 
Justifiable  charge.     A  charge  which  is  justified. 
Locus  pcenitentice  [L.fl.     Place  for  repentance. 
Palliative.     That  which  serves  to  palliate  or  extenuate. 
Plea.     Something  urged  in  defense  or  justification  of  a  course,  past 

or  proposed 
Recrimination.     A  charge  made  by  the  accused  against  the  accuser. 
Reply.     A  plaintiff's  answer  to  a  defendant's  plea  or  answer. 
Salvo.     A  saving  clause;  proviso. 
True  bill.     The  indorsement  by  a  grand  jury  on  a  bill  of  indictment 

which  they  find  to  be  sustained  by  the  evidence. 
Varnish.  A  favorable  representation,  evil  or  false. 
Warrant.     A  judicial  writ  or  order  authorizing  officers  to  make 

arrests,  searches,  or  seizures. 

Justification — Verbs, 

Acquit.     To  free  or  clear  from  an  accusation. 

Advocate.     To  defend  in  argument  before  a  tribunal. 

Apologize.     To  acknowledge  with  regret  a  delinquency. 

Be  an  excuse  for.     To  acquit  of  blame. 

Bear  out.     To  support;  confirm;  justify. 

Be  justified  by  the  event.     Shown  to  be  just  by  the  final  outcome. 

Bolster  up.     To  give  countenance  to. 

Clear.     To  purge  from  the  imputation  of  guilt. 

Confess    and    avoid.      To  set  up  new  matter  in   defense  without 
denying  the  plaintiff's  plea. 

Contend  for.     To  maintain  by  argument. 

Defend.     To  uphold  by  argument. 

Disculpate.     To  exculpate. 

Do  justice  to.     To  vindicate. 

Exculpate.     To  vindicate  from  unjust  charge  or  reproach. 

Excuse.     To  absolve  or  free  from  imputation  of  fault. 

Exonerate.     To  relieve  or  vindicate  from  accusation. 

Extenuate.     To  diminish  the  gravity  or  importance  of. 

Furnish  a  handle.     To  give  an  excuse. 

Give  one  his  due.     To  give  one  the  benefit  of  fair  consideration. 

Give  the  devil  his  due.     To  do  justice  to  one  hated  or  despised. 

Gloss  over.     To  palliate  by  specious  explanation  ;  to  use  fair  words 
for  ugly  things.  * 

Gloze.     To  palliate  by  specious  representation. 

Help  a  lame  dog  over  a  stile.     To  offer  excuse  for  one. 

Justify.     To  show  to  be  just. 

Keep  in  countenance.     To  give  approval. 

Lend  a  color.     To  afford  a  justification. 

Make  allowance  for.     To   give   recognition    to    modifying   circum- 
stances. 

Make  good.     To  defend  successfully. 

Mince.     To  diminish  the  strength  or  importance  of. 
.Palliate.     To  cause  to  appear  less  guilty  or  offensive;  to  cloak. 

Plead.     To  adduce  in  extenuation  or  vindication. 

Plead  ignorance.     To  ask  for  palliation  on  account  of  an  absence  of 
information. 

Plead  one's  cause.     To  allege  as  an  excuse  or  defense  or  as  a  reason 
for  concession  or  favor;  to  adduce  in  extenuation  or  vindication. 

Propugn.     To  contend  or  fight  for. 

Prove  one's  case.     To  establish  one's  position  by  argument. 

Prove  the  truth  of.     To  make  clear  that  something  is  a  fact. 

Put  a  gloss  upon.     To  palliate  by  specious  explanation. 

Put  a  good  face  upon.     To  make  to  appear  at  the  best. 

Put  in  a  good  word  for.     Take  the  part  of. 

Say  in  defense.     To  say  in  justification. 

Set  right.     To  rectify;  make  right;  correct. 

Slur.     To  pass  over  lightly. 

•Soften.     To  make  less  harsh;  to  mitigate. 

4peak  for.     To  argue  or  plead  for. 
Ipeak  up  for.     To  speak  in  one's  favor. 

Stand  up  for.     To  side  with  and  defend. 

Stick  up  for.     To  defend  or  uphold. 


Imputation.     Accusation,  reproach,  or  censure. 

Incrimination .     The  act  of  charging  with  a  crime  or  fault. 

Inculpation.     The  act  of  charging  with  wrong-doing. 

Libel.     Slander  written  or  published  in  print. 

Recrimination.     A  charge  made  by  the  accused  against  the  accuser. 

Scandal.     Malicious  repetition  and  spreading  of  evil  reports  against 

a  person. 
Scandalum   tnagnatum    [L.JJ.       Defamation  of  persons  of  rank  and 

dignity. 
Slur.     A  slighting  or  contemptuous  remark  or  accusation. 
Tu  quoque  argument.    A  retort  in  which  the  person  assailed  answers 

with  a  similar  charge  against  the  accuser. 

Charge — Nouns  of  Agent,  etc. 

Accused.     One  against  whom  a  charge  is  made. 

Accuser.     One  who  accuses. 

Appellant.     One  who  appeals  or  removes  a  cause  from  a  lower  to  a 

higher  tribunal. 
Defendant.     A  person  against  whom  a  suit  is  brought. 
Informer.     One  who  informs  against  others. 
Litigant.     A  party  to  a  lawsuit. 
Plaintiff.     The  party  that  begins  an  action  at  law. 
Prisoner.     One  who  is  confined  in  a  prison. 
Prosecutor.     One  who  institutes  and  carries  on  a  suit. 
Relator.     A  complainant  or  petitioner  in  chancery. 
Respondent.     The  party  called  upon  to  answer  an  appeal  or  petition. 

Charge — Nouns  of  Means,  etc. 

Appeachment.     Making  information  against;  impeachment. 
Argumentum  ad  hominem  [L.].     An  argument  to  the  man. 
Arraignment.     The  act  of  calling  and  setting  a  prisoner  before  a 

court  to  answer  to  an  accusation. 
Bill  of  indictment.     A  declaration  in  writing  expressing  some  wrong 

the  complainant  has  suffered. 
Challenge.     An  exception  taken. 

Citation.     A  judicial  summonp  t.o  appear  and  answer. 
Condemnation.     The  act  of  condemning. 
Delation.     An  accusation,  especially  by  an  informer. 
Indictment.     A  formal  charge  or  accusation. 
Invective.     Utterance   intended   to   cast    opprobrium,    censure,    or 

reproach. 
Lawsuit.     An  action  in  a  court  of  law,  equity,  or  admiralty,  for 

enforcement  of  a  claim  or  right. 
Panel.     The  body  of  persons  composing  a  jury. 
True  bill.     The  indorsement  by  a  grand  jury  on  a  bill  of  indictment 

which  they  find  to  be  sustained  by  the  evidence. 

Charge — Verbs. 

Accuse.     To  charge  with  crime,  misconduct,  or  culpable  error. 

Appeach.     To  censure;  to  reproach. 

Arraign.     To  call  or  set  at  the  bar  of  the  court  to  plead  guilty  or 

not  guilty,  to  the  charge  in  the  indictment. 
Brand  with  reproach.     To  fix  the  character  of  infamy  upon. 
Bring  an  action  against.     To  bring  suit  against  to  demand  a  right. 
Bring  home  to.     To  prove  conclusively. 
Call  to  account.     To  demand  explanation  of. 

Cast  a  slur  on.     To  make  a  slighting  or  contemptuous  remark  about. 
Cast  a  stone  at.     To  stigmatize. 
Cast  in  one's  teeth.     To  make  a  reproach. 
Cast  the  first  stone  at.     To  bring  the  first  charge  against. 
Challenge.     To  call  in  question. 

Charge.     To  allege  or  bring  forward  by  way  of  accusation. 
Charge  with.     To  lay  or  impute  something  to. 
Cite.     To  summon  to  appear  before  a  tribunal. 
Criminate.     To  accuse  of  a  crime. 
Denounce.     To  point  out  or  publicly  accuse. 
Have  a  crow  to  pluck  with.     To  have  a  quarrel  to  settle. 
Have  a  rod  in  pickle  for.     To  have  a  punishment  in  reserve. 
Have  up.     To  call  before  a  court. 
Impeach.     To  charge  with  a  crime  or  misdemeanor. 
Implicate.     To  bring  into  connection  with. 
Impute.     To  charge  to  one  as  the  author,  responsible  originator,  or 

possessor  of. 
Incriminate.     To  charge  with  a  crime  or  fault. 
Inculpate.     To  bring  or  expose  to  blame. 
Indict.     To  find  or  declare  chargeable  with  crime. 
Inform  against.     To  communicate  a  knowledge  of  facts  to  any  on% 

as  by  way  of  accusation. 
Keep  a  rod  in  pickle  for.     To  keep  an  argument  in  reserve. 
Lay  the  blame  on.     To  blame. 
Lay  to  one's  charge.     To  charge  with. 
Lay  to  one's  door.     To  accuse  of  a  fault. 


j  USTIFICATION— CHARGE. 


572 


JUXTAPOSITION. 


JUSTIFICATION— CHARGE— Continued. 


JUSTIFICATION— V&rbs— Continued. 

Support .     To  show  to  be  true  or  trustworthy . 

Take  the  will  for  the  deed.  To  make  good  intentions  an  excuse  for 
want  of  action. 

Varnish.     To  disguise  or  palliate. 

Vindicate.  To  support  as  right,  true,  or  correct  against  denial,  cen- 
sure, or  objection. 

Warrant.  To  assure  or  guarantee  the  quality,  accuracy,  certainty, 
or  sufficiency  of. 

Whitewash.  To  attempt  to  render  fair  and  reputable  what  is 
doubtful  or  corrupt;  especially  in  politics. 

Justification — Adjectives. 

Apologetic.     Expressing  regret  for  fault  or  failure. 
Defensible.     Capable  of  being  defended,  maintained,  or  justified. 
Exculpatory.     Tending  to  or  resulting  in  exculpation. 
Excusable.     Admitting  of  excuse  or  pardon. 
Justifiable.     Capable  of  being  justified. 
Palliative.     Extenuating. 

Pardonable.     That  may  be   pardoned  or  shown  clemency  o*    in- 
dulgence. 
Plausible.     Seeming  likely  to  be  true  though  open  to  doubt. 
Specious.     Appearing  right  or  correct  at  first  sight. 
Veniable.     Excusable. 

Venial.     That  may  be  pardoned,  forgiven,  overlooked,  or  tolerated. 
Vindicated.    Justified. 

Vindicating.     That  proves  true,  right,  or  real. 
Vindicative.     Contributing  to  vindication. 
Vindicatory.     Bringing  vindication. 

Justification — Phrases. 


A I  buon  vino  non  bisogna  f rosea  [It.  J. 
"  Honi  soil  qui  mal  y  pense"  (F.J. 
[The  motto  of  Great  Britain.] 


"  Good  wine  needs  no  bush. 
Evil  to  him  who  evil  thinks. 


CHARGE — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  a. 

vicious.    Corrupt  in  conduct  or  habits. 

In  the  watch-house.     Imprisoned  in  the  building  occupied  by  th» 
watch  or  guard. 

Charge — Interjections . 
Look  at  home  I 
Tu  quoquet  [L.|    Thou,  also!     See  Reprisal. 

Charge — Phrase, 
Gli  assentt  hanno  torti  [It. I     The  absent  are  in  the  wrong. 


CHARGE— Verbs— Continued. 

Lodge  a  complaint.     To  make  a  formal  presentation  of  the  commie 

sion  of  an  offense. 
Prosecute.     To  bring  suit  against  for  redress  of  wrong  or  punishment 

of  crime. 
Pull  up.    To  extirpate ;  to  eradicate. 
Put  in  the  black  book.     To  charge  with  wrong. 
Reproach.     To  charge  with  or  blame  for  something  wrong  or  di*» 

graceful. 
Saddle  with.     To  load  with  a  burden  of  blame. 
Show  up.     To  expose,  as  a  fraud. 
Slur.     To  treat  with  slighting  contempt. 
Stigmatize.     To  fix  a  mark  of  infamy  upon. 
Take  to  blame.     To  accuse  of  fault. 
Take  to  task.     To  charge  with  a  fault. 
Taunt  with.     To  remind  spitefully  or  contemptuously   of   one's 

doings  or  condition. 
Tax.     To  censure. 

Throw  in  one's  teeth.    To  fling  a  taunt  at  one. 
Trump  up  a  charge.     To  make  up  or  invent  a  charge. 
Twit.     To  tease  by  reminding  of  something  discreditable. 

Charge — A  djectives, 

Accusable.     Chargeable  with  crime. 

Accusative.     Producing  accusations. 

Accusatory.     Pertaining  to  or  containing  an  accusation. 

Accused.     Charged  with  crime  or  wrong. 

Accusing.     Censuring. 

Criminatory,     Involving  accusation. 

Denunciatory.     Threatening. 

Imputable.     Chargeable  with  a  fault. 

Imputative,     Transferred  or  transmitted  by  imputation. 

In  custody.     Under  guard. 

Indefensible.     Not  capable  of  being  defended  or  maintained. 

In  detention.     Kept  confined  or  detained. 

Inexcusable.     Not  admitting  excuse  or  justification. 

In  the  howse  of  detention.    In  prison. 

In  the  lockup.     In  the  place  where  persons  are  temporarily  confine 
when  under  arrest. 

Recriminatory.     Accusing  in  return . 

Suspected.     Under  surveillance  as  a  suspicious  character. 

Under  a  cloud.     Overshadowed  by  difficulties;    having  one's  repu- 
tation injuriously  affected. 

Under  suspicion.     Mistrusted. 

Under  surveillance.    Watched  or  guarded. 

Unjustifiable.     Not  able  to  be  proved  to  be  just. 

Unpardonable.     That  may  not  be  shown  clemency  or  pardoned . 
(Continued on  Column  i.) 


jus'-ti-fied.    Saved  by  faith.    Godliness-Ungodliness. 

yustitia  soror  incorrupta  Fides  [L.]  (jus-tish'-i-a  so'-ror 
in-cor-rup'-ta  fai'-diz).  Uncorruptible  Faith,  sister 
of  Justice.     Faith-Misgiving,  Right-Wrong. 

justiiia  virtutum  regina  [L.]  (jus-tish'-i-a  vir-tiu'-tum 
ri-jai'-na).  Justice  is  the  queen  of  the  virtues. 
Right-Wrong,  Virtue-Vice. 

ju's'-tle.  To  hustle.  Impetus-Reaction,  Strife- 
Peace. 


jute.     A  vegetable  fiber.     Lamina-Fiber. 
jut  out.     To  project.     Convexity-Concavity. 
jut'-ty.     Jetty.     Convexity-Concavity. 
ju"-ve-nes'-cence.      A   growing    youthful.     Infancy  - 

Age. 
ju'-ve-nile.     Youthful.     Infancy-Age. 
ju"-ve-nil'-i-ty.     Youthfulness.     Infancy-Age. 
jux"-ta-po-si'-tion.    Contiguity.  Interspace-Contact. 


KADI. 


573 


KEEPING. 


K 


fca'-di.     An  Oriental  magistrate.     Judge. 

kail.     Aninepin.     Amusement-Weariness. 

kai'-ser.  The  title  of  the  German  Emperor.  Chief- 
Underling. 

ka-lei'-do-scope.  A  kind  of  optical  instrument.  Opti- 
cal Instruments,  Variegation. 

kalon,to  [Gr.]  (ka-lon't  to).  The  beautiful.  Beauty- 
Ugliness. 

kan"-ga-roo'.   An  Australian  animal.   Spring-Dive. 

kat'  exochen  [Gr.]  (kat  ex-o-Hen').  Par  excellence. 
Consequence-Insignificance,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness,  Supremacy-Subordinacv. 

Kat-er-fel'-to.   A  noted  sorcerer.    Magician. 

kath'-ode.   A  pole  of  a  battery.   Electricity. 

ka-vass'.   A  Turkish  police  officer.   Judicature. 

kay'-ak.  A  light  canoe  made  of  skin.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

ka"-zi-as-kier'.  A  title  given  in  Turkey  to  two 
of  the  principal  officers  of  the  Ulema.  Ministry- 
Laity. 

K.  C.     King's  Counsel.   Advocate. 

keck.   To  vomit.   Admission-Expulsion." 

kedge.  A  light  anchor;  to  move  by  means  of  a  ground- 
ed anchor.  Conveyance-Vessel,  Refuge-Pitfall, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

keel.  The  principal  timber  in  a  ship.  Top-Bottom; 
keel  upwards,  Reversal. 

keel'-haul".  A  kind  of  punishment.  Recompense-Pu- 
nition. 

keen.  Sharp;  cold;  sensitive;  active;  eager.  Desire- 
Distaste,  Feeling-Insensibility,  Heat-Cold,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity, Sharpness-Bluntness,  Vigor- 
Inertia;  keen  blast,  River-Wind. 

keen'-eyed".  Sharp-sighted.  Sagacity-Incapacity, 
Sight-Blindness. 

keen'-ness.  Sharpness.  Desire-Distaste,  Vigor- 
Inertia. 

keen"-sight'-ed.  With  penetrating  sight.  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 

keen"-wit'-ted.  With  a  sharp  wit.  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity. 

keep.  To  hold;  preserve;  withhold;  observe;  support; 
guard;  store  up.  Attack-Defense,  Conservation, 
Discontinuance-Continuance,  Frequency  -  Rar- 
ity, Keeping-Relinquishment,  Mutation-Perma- 
nence, Nutriment-Excretion,  Observance-Non- 
observance,  Provision-Waste,  Refuge-Pitfall, 
Release-Prison,  Release-Restraint,  Solemniza- 
tion, Store;  keep  accounts,  Accounts;  keepagood 
lookout  for,  Expectation -Surprise;  keep  alive, 
Conservation,  Life-Death;  keep  aloof,  Quest- 
Evasion,  Remoteness-Nearness,  Sociability-Pri- 
vacy; keep  an  account  with, Credit-Debt;  keep  an 
eye  upon,  Carefulness-Carelessness;  keep  apart, 
Union-Disunion;  keep  a  3ecret,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Talkativeness-Taciturnity  ;  keep  a  shop, 
Occupation;  keep  away,  Presence-Absence;  keep 
back,  Earliness-  Lateness,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Keeping-Relinquishment,  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency, Motive-Dehortation,  Release-Re- 
straint, Store,  Use-Disuse;  keep  body  and  soul 
together,  Health-Sickness,  Life-Death;  keep  close, 
Enlightenment- Secrecy,  Keeping-Relinquish- 


ment; keep  company,  Solitude-Company;  keep  firm, 
Mutability-Stability;  keep  from,  Action-Passivi; 
ness,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Quest-Evasici> 
Release-Restraint;  keep  going,  Discontinuance 
Continuance,  Movement-Rest;  keep  holi,  Muta- 
bility-Stability; keep  house,  Establishment-Re- 
moval; keep  in  ignorance,  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Knowledge-Ignorance;  keep  in  mind,  Remem- 
brance -Forgetfulness;  keep  in  order,  Manage- 
ment; keep  in  restraint,  Leave-Prohibition.  Re- 
lease-Restraint; keep  insight,  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness; keep  in  suspense,  Certainty-Doubt,  De- 
termination-Vacillation ;  keep  in  the  thoughts,  Re- 
membrance-Forgetfulness;  keep  in  view,  Expec- 
tation-Surprise, Heed-Disregard,  Remembrance- 
Forgetfulness  ;  keep  moving,  Activity-Indolence, 
Movement-Rest;  keep  off,  Attack-Defense, 
Leave-Prohibition,  Obstruction-Help,  Quest- 
Evasion,  Reprisal-Resistance;  keep  on,  Discon- 
tinuance-Continuance, Frequency-Rarity,  Per- 
sistence; keep  one  in  countenance,  Excitability- 
Inexcitability,  Lightiieartedness  -  Dejection  ; 
keep  one's  bed,  Health-Sickness;  keep  one's  course, 
Advance-Retrogression;  keep  one's  ground,  Mu- 
tation-Permanence, Persistence-Whim;  keep 
one's  hand  in,  Success-Failure;  keep  one's  head 
above  water,  Security-Insecurity,  Success-Fail- 
ure, Welfare-Misfortune;  keep  one's  promise, 
Observance-Nonobservance;  keep  one's  word, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty;  keep  on  foot,  Discon- 
tinuance-Continuance, Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration,  Provision-Waste,  Suspension-Support; 
keep  on  one's  legs,  Health-Sickness;  keep  out  of 
harm's  way,  Presence-Absence,  Recklessness- 
Caution;  keep  out  of  the  way,  Presence-Absence, 
Quest-Evasion;  keep  pace  with,  Coexistence, 
Equality-Inequality;  keep  quiet,  Movement- 
Rest;  keep  silence,  Talkativeness-Taciturnity, 
Vocalization-Muteness;  keep  the  field,  Fighting- 
Conciliation;  keep  the  peace,  Strife-Peace, Vari- 
ance-Accord ;  keep  time,  Earliness-Lateness  ;  keep 
to,  Persistence;  keep  together,  Antagonism-Con- 
currence; keep  to  oneself ,  Enlightenment-Secre- 
cy; keep  under,  Liberty-Subjection,  Retirement, 
Rule-License;  keep  up,  Conservation,  Discontin- 
uance-Continuance, Excitation,  Persistence- 
Whim;  keep  up  a  correspondence,  Missive-Publi- 
cation; keep  up  appearances,  Society-Ludicrous- 
ness;  keep  up  ono's  spirits,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  keep  up 
the  ball,  Activity- Indolence,  Entertainment- 
Weariness;  keep  up  the  memory  of,  Mark-Ob- 
literation, Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  keep 
up  with,  Swiftness  -  Slowness  ;  keep  waiting, 
Earliness-Lateness;  keep  watch,  Carefulness- 
Carelessness;  keep  within  bounds,  Leavk-Prohi- 
bition,  Release-Restraint,  Transcursio^-Short- 
coming. 

keep'-er.       One  who    has   charge   of.       Guard-Pris- 
oner. 

keep'-ing.     Congruity.     H/rmony-Discord;  in  keep- 
ing,    COLOR-ACHROMATISM,      CONVENTIONALITY-Un- 

conventionality;  safe  keeping,  Cqnservation,  Se- 
curity-Insecurity. 


KEEPING. 


574 


KEEPING— RELINQUISHMENT. 


KEEPING— RELINQUISHMENT. 


The  fist  or  hand. 


Custody.     The  state  of  being  held  in  keeping. 

Detention.     The  act  of  keeping,  or  state  of  being  kept.     . 

Firm  hold.     The  act  of  keeping  with  a  tight  grasp. 

Grasp.     Possession  taken  and  kept  by  force. 

Grip.     Ability  to  seize  and  keep  physically  or  mentally. 

Gripe.    A  fast  or  firm  hold. 

Iron  gripe.     A  gripe  as  inflexible  as  iron. 

Keep.     To  have  and  retain  in  one's  possession. 

Keeping.     Custody,  charge,  or  possession. 

Retaining.     See  Verbs. 

Retention.     The  keeping  within  one's  power  or  possession. 

Tenacity.     Persistency;  retentiveness. 

Keeping — Associated  Nouns . 

Bird  in  hand.     A  figurative  expression  for  a  certain  possession. 
Captive.     A  prisoner  taken  by  force  or  stratagem.     See  Guard- 
Prisoner. 

Keeping — Nouns  of  Means. 

Bond.  That  which  binds  two  objects  or  parts  together.  See  Con- 
nective. 

Claw.     The  sharp  hooked  nail  of  a  quadruped,  bird,  or  other  animal. 

Clutches.     Talons,  paws,  hands. 

Fangs.     Long  pointed  teeth  or  roots  of  claws. 

Finger.     One  of  the  terminal  members  of  the  hand. 

Fist.     The  clenched  hand. 

Forceps.     Pincers  for  grasping  small  objects. 

Hand.     Extremity  of  the  arm  with  its  fingers  adapted  for  grasping. 

Hook.     A  hard  material  bent  into  a  curve  for  catching  anything. 

Nail.  Horny  scale  at  the  ends  of  fingers  and  toes;  claw  or  talon  of 
a  bird. 

Neaf. 

Keif.  - 

Nippers.     Pincers. 

Paw.     Foot  of  a  beast  having  claws. 

Pincers.  A  two-handled  instrument  with  grasping  jaws,  for  griping 
objects. 

Pliers.     Pincers  for  holding  and  bending  small  objects. 

Talons.     The  claws  of  a  bird  of  prey. 

Teeth.     The  small  bones  attached  to  the  jaws  for  chewing  food. 

Tentacle.  \  A  slender  organ  of  feeling  or  motion  attached  to 

Tentaculum  [L.|.i       the  head  of  certain  insects;  polyps. 

Tongs.     A  two-legged  instrument  for  handling  objects. 

Vise.  A  clamping  device  consisting  of  two  jaws  closing  together  by 
a  screw. 

Wrist      The  joint  uniting  the  hand  and  arm. 

Keeping —  Verbs. 

Clench. \  ™  -      . 

Clinch   J         grasp  firmly;  to  secure. 

Clutch.     To  seize  eagerly ;  to  grasp  and  hold  firmly. 

Detain.     To  keep  back. 

Embay.     To  enclose,  as  a  bay. 

Entail.     To  leave  or  fix,  as  if  by  entail,  upon  another  who  comes 

after. 
Grasp.     To  take  and  keep  in  possession. 
Grip.     To  take  firm  hold  of. 
Have  a  firm  hold  of.     To  keep. 
Have  in  stock.     To   have   among  the  goods  kept   for  sale.     See 

Holding. 
Holdback.     To  detain;  restrain. 
Hold  fast.     To  keep  in  place  securely. 
Hold  one's  ground.     To  keep  one's  position. 
Hold  one's  own.     To  keep  possession  of  one's  rights. 
Hold  tight.     To  keep  in  a  secure  grasp. 
Hug.     To  keep  close  to. 
Husband.     To  keep  for  a  future  emergency. 
Keep.     To  have  and  retain  in  one's  possession. 
Keep  back.     To  withhold;  restrain. 
Keep  close.     To  retain  in  secrecy. 
Keep  in  stock.     To  hold  as  one's  possessions. 
Reserve.     To  keep  back;   to  keep  as  one's  own. 
Retain.     To  keep  in  possession. 
Secure.     To  make  safe;   to  get  safely  in  possession. 
Settle.     To  cause  to  become  fixed. 
Tie  up.     To  fasten  securely. 
Withhold.     To  keep  from  action. 

Keeping — Adjectives. 

Inalienable.     That  cannot  be  rightfully  taken  away, 
"ncommunlcable.     That  cannot  be  revealed  to  others. 


Abandonment.  A  giving  up  or  relinquishment.  See  Quest-Aban« 
donment. 

Cession.     A  relinquishment  of  possessions  or  rights. 

Dereliction.  The  act  of  voluntarily  relinquishing  all  connection  or 
concern  with  something. 

Dispensation.     The  act  of  dispensing;  a  dealing  out. 

Expropriation.     The  act  of  putting  out  of  one's  possession. 

Relinquishment.     A  recession  or  withdrawal  from. 

Renunciation.     The  act  of  renouncing.     See  Verbs 

Resignation.  The  act  of  resigning  or  giving  up.  Sec  C.;,:mi  .ion- 
Retirement. 

Riddance. 

Surrender.  The  act  of  resigning  possession  of  to  another  upon 
compulsion  or  demand;  relinquishment. 

Relinquishment — Associated  Nouns. 

Derelict.     A  thing  voluntarily  abandoned  or  wilfully  cast  away  by 

its  proper  owner.     See  Adjectives. 
Foundling.     A  child  found  without  a  parent  or  owner. 

Relinquishment^  Verbs. 
Abandon.     To  forsake  or  relinquish  wholly. 
Be  rid  of     1  ^°  ^e  freed  from  that  which  is  burdensome. 
Cast  aside.     To  throw  away. 

Cast  away.     To  relinquish  as  worthless;  to  wreck,  as  a  ship. 
Cast  behind.     To  reject. 
Cast  off.     To  discard;   disown. 
Cast  overboard.  )  „    it_  , 

Cast  to  the  dogs  J  To  throw  away  as  useless* 
Cast  to  the  winds.     To  relinquish  utterly. 
Cede.     To  relinquish;  yield. 

Disburden  oneself  of.     To  remove  a  burden  from. 
Discard.     To  relinquish  as  worthless. 
Dismiss.     To  discharge;   reject. 
Dispose  of.     To  make  final  disposition  of. 
Dispossess.     To  eject  from  possession. 
Dispossess  oneself  of.     To  deprive  oneself  of  possession. 
Divest  oneself  of.     To  deprive;   dispossess. 
Drop.     To  have  done  with;  relinquish. 

Eject.     To  cast  forth  or  out;  expel.     See  Admission-Expulsion. 
Expropriate.     To  put  out  of  one's  possession. 
Fling  aside.     To  discard. 
Fling  away.     To  throw  away;   discard. 

Fling  overboard.     Figurative  for  discard,  renounce,  betray. 
Fling  to  the  dogs.     Figurative  fDr  abandon  to  ruin. 
Forego.     To  give  up;   relinquish. 

ret  rid  of   "1  *^°  ^e^  ^ree  °^  t^at  which  is  troublesome. 

Give  away.     To  relinquish  the  ownership  by  gift. 

Give  notice  to  quit.     To  notify  of  dismissal. 

Give  warning.     To  notify  to  quit  service  or  vacate  premises. 

Give  up.     To  relinquish  as  hopeless;  to  yield. 

Lay  apart.     To  put  away;  to  reject. 

Lay  aside.     To  put  off  or  away;   to  abandon. 

Lay  down.     To  quit  or  relinquish. 

Lay  on  the  shelf.     To  relinquish  for  a  season.     See  Use-Disuse. 

Let  go.     To  relax  hold  of  anything. 

Let  slip.     To  let  go;  to  omit. 

Make  away  with.     To  put  out  of  the  way;  to  remove;   to  kill. 

Part  with.     To  quit  with;  to  take  leave. 

Pitch  aside.     To  throw  away. 

Pitch  away.     To  throw  away;  to  discard. 

Pitch  overboard.  1  ™    „,  , 

Pitch  to  the  dogs.i  To  throw  away  as  useless" 

Put  aride.     To  abandon. 

Put  away.     To  renounce;  to  discard. 

Quit  one's  hold.     To  relinquish  one's  grasp. 

Relinquish.     To  recede  or  withdraw  from;  forsake,   abandon. 

Renounce.     To  relinquish  explicitly. 

Resign.     To  give  up  or  back;  to  relinquish  the  use  or  enjoyment  o£ 

Rid  oneself  of.     To  free,  as  from  a  burden. 

Set  aside.     To  abandon;  renounce. 

Spare.     To  refrain  from  using,  spending,  or  giving. 

Supersede.     To  take  the  place  of  as  by  reason  of  superior  wortl 

Surrender.     To  relinquish  possession  of  to  another  upon  compulsion 

or  demand. 
Sweep  away.     To  drive,  destroy,  or  carry  off  with  celerity  or  violence 
Sweep  to  the  winds.     To  drive  entirely  away. 
Throw  aside.     To  have  no  use  for. 
Throw  away.     To  discard  as  worthless;  to  waste. 
Throw  overboard.  )  —     - ,  .,    - 

Throw  to  the  dogs./  To  nd  °neself  of- 


KEEPING— RELINQUISHMENT. 


575 


KINDLINESS. 


KEEPING— RELINQUISHMENT—  Continued. 


KEE  PI  NG — Adjecti  v  es — Continued. 

In  mortmain.  In  that  state  of  lands  and  tenements  held  by  a  "dead 
hand,"  that  is  one  that  cannot  alienate  them;  in  inalienable  pos- 
session. 

In  strict  settlement.  In  limitation  of  lands  to  the  parent  for  life,  and 
after  his  death  to  his  several  children  successively  in  tail  with 
trustees  interposed  to  preserve  contingent  remainders,  thus  tying 
up  the  descent  to  the  utmost  limit  permitted  by  law. 

Tenacious.     Strongly  disposed  to  keep  what  is  in  possession. 
Uncoramunicated.     Not  communicated,  or  bestowed. 
Undeprived.     Not  dispossessed  of  anything. 
Undisposed.     Not  disposed;  not  appropriated. 
Unforfeited.     Not  forfeited;  kept. 

Keeping  —Phrase. 
Vti  possidetis  [L.J.     As  you  are  in  possession. 


RELINQUISHMENT— Verbs— Continued. 

Throw  to  the  winds.     To  discard  utterly;  to  waste  recklessly. 

Turn  away.     To  dismiss  from  service;   discharge;  discard. 

Wash  one's  hands  of.     To  disclaim  or  renounce  interest  in,  or  r» 

sponsibility  for  an  action,  person,  or  thing. 
Yield,     To  give  up;  to  relinquish. 

Relinquishment — Adjectives. 

Cast  off.     Thrown  or  laid  aside;  discarded. 

Derelict.     Deserted  or  abandoned. 

Left,     See  Increment-Remnant, 

Relinquished.     See  Verbs. 

Unappropriated.     Having  no  particular  application. 

Unculled.     Not  gathered;  not  selected. 

Unowned.     Not  owned;  not  acknowledged  as  one's  own. 


Away  with ! 


Relinquishment — Interjection. 


keep'-sake".    A  token  of  friendship.     Remembrance- 

FCRGETFULNESS. 

keg.     A  small  barrel.     Contents-Receiver. 

keP-pie.    An  imaginary  water-sprite.    Jove-Fiend. 

kempt.    Combed.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

ken.  Extent  of  sight  or  knowledge.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Sight-Blindness. 

ken'-nel.  A  shelter  for  a  dog;  a  hovel;  a  ditch. 
Dweller-Habitation,  Groove,  Watercourse- 
Airpipe. 

kep'-i.    A  kind  of  military  cap.     Dress-Undress. 

kerb'-stone".  A  stone  on  the  outer  edge  of  a  sidewalk. 
Boundary. 

ker'-chief.  A  cloth  covering  for  the  head.  Dress- 
Undress  ;  wave  a  kerchief,  Sign. 

kern.    A  handmill;  a  rogue.     Friability,  Gentility- 

COMMONALTY,  GOOD  Man-Bad  Man. 

ker'-nel.  The  essential  part.  Center,  Consequence- 
Insignificance. 

ketch.    A  kind  of  ship.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

Ketch,  Jack.     A  hangman.     Recompense-Scourge. 

ket'-tle.  A  metallic  cooking  vessel.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Oven-Refrigerator;  kettle-drum,  Musical 
Instruments,  Sociability-Privacy;  kettle  of  fish, 
Difficulty-Facility,     Regularity-Irregularity. 

key.  An  opener;  solution;  key-note;  color;  sign;  author- 
ity. Aperture-Closure,  Cause-Effect,  Color- 
Achromatism,  Consequence-Insignificance,  In- 
strument, Instrumentality,  Interpretation-Mis- 
interpretation, Melody-Dissonance,  Scepter, 
Sign. 

key'-hole".    A  hole  for  a  key.    Aperture-Closure. 

key'-note".  A  fundamental  tone;  the  main  idea.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Copy-Model,  Melody- 
Dissonance,  Uniformity-Multiformity. 

key'-stone".  A  support;  an  essential  principle.  Archi- 
tecture, Completion-Noncompletion,  Motive- 
Caprice,  Suspension-Support,  Usf~ulness-Use- 
lessness. 

khan.  An  inn;  an  official.  Chief- Underling, 
Dweller-Habitation. 

khed-ive'.     A  viceroy.     Chief-Underling. 

ki-bit'-ka.     A  cart.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

kick.  An  impulse  or  recoil;  an  act  of  assault  or  scorn. 
Attack- Defense,  Impetus -Reaction,  Recom- 
pense-Punition,  Regard-Scorn,  Reprisal-Re- 
sistance; kick  against,  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Reprisal-Resistance;  kick  against  the  pricks,  An- 
tagonism-Concurrence, Recklessness-Caution, 
Reprisal-Resistance,  Usefulness-Uselessness; 
kick  one's  heels,  Action-Passiveness,  Earliness- 
Lateness;  kick  over  the  traces,  Insubordination- 
Obedience;  kick  the  beam,  Equality-Inequality, 
Supremacy-Subordinacy;  kick  up  a  dust,  Activity- 


Indolence,  Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Vari- 
ance-Accord; kick  up  a  row,  Dominance-Impo- 
tence, Variance-Accord. 

kick'-ing.  A  sign  of  life.  Reprisal-Resistance; 
alive  and  kicking,  Activity  -  Indolence,  Life- 
Death. 

kick'-shaw".  A  trifle;  a  food.  Nutriment-Excretion, 
Usefulness-Uselessness. 

kid'-gloves".  Gloves  made  from  the  skin  of  a  kid. 
Not  to  be  handled  with  kid-gloves,  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness,  Difficulty-Facility. 

kid'-nap".  To  deceive;  abduct.  Taking-Restitution, 
Theft,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

kid'-nap"-er.  One  who  abducts.  Taking-Restitu- 
tion, Theft. 

kid'-ney.  Kind  or  disposition;  organ  of  the  body. 
Admission-Exclusion,  Anatomy. 

kil'-der-kin.     A  measure.     Contents-Receiver. 

Kil-ken'-ny  cats.  Cats  fabled  to  have  fought  to  the 
death.     Variance-Accord. 

kill.  To  destroy  life.  Life-Killing;  kill  the  fatted 
calf,  Sociability-Privacy,  Solemnization;  kill  the 
goose  with  golden  eggs,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  kill 
the  slain,  Excess-Lack;  kill  time,  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Wittiness-Dulness;  kill  two  birds  with  one 
stone,  Activity-Indolence;  kill  with  kindness, 
Blandishment. 

kill'-ing.  Captivating.  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness. 

kill'-joy".    A  gloomy  person.     Obstruction-Help. 

kiln.    A  kind  of  oven.     Oven-Refrigerator. 

kil'-c-gram.    Unit  of  weight.    Measure. 

kil'-o-li"-ter.  One  thousand  liters.  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Measure. 

kil'-o-me"-ter.  A  length  of  one  thousand  meters. 
Length-Shortness,  Measure. 

kilt.     A  skirt.     Dress-Undress. 

kim'-bo.     Crooked.     Angularity.    , 

kin.     Those  related.     Division. 

kind.  Class;  of  a  generous  nature.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Division;  kind  regards,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness. 

kin'-der-gar"-ten.    A  school  for  small  children.  School. 

kind'-heart"-ed.  Having  a  kind  nature.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence. 

kind'-heart"-ed-ness.  Benevolence.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

kin'-dle.  To  set  fire  to;  stir  up;  cause;  intensify 
feeling.  Cause-Effect,  Creation-Destruction, 
Excitation,  Favorite-Anger,  Heating-Cooling, 
Light-Darkness,  Turbulence-Calmness  Vigor- 
Inertia. 

kind'-li-ness.  Benignity.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence. 


KINDLY. 


576 


KNOCKER. 


kind'-ly.  Generously.  Charitableness -Malevo- 
lence. 

kind'-ness.  Benignity.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence. 

kin'-dred.    Relatives  by  birth.    Relationship. 

kine.     Cows.     Fauna-Flora. 

kin"-e-mat'-ics.  The  science  of  pure  motion.  Move- 
ment-Rest. 

ki-ne'-to-scope.     Scientific  instrument.     Electricity. 

king.  A  chief  ruler.  Chief-Underling;  every  inch  a 
king,  Gentility-Commonalty,  Rule-License;  King 
Death,  Life-Death;  King  of  kings,  Divinity; 
King's  Bench,  Release-Prison,  Tribunal;  King's 
Counsel,  Advocate;  King's  English,  Language; 
King's  evidence,  Exposure  -  Hidingplace;  King's 
highway,  Way. 

king'-craft".    The  art  of  governing.    Management. 

king'-dom.    A  territory;  sovereign  power.    Extension- 
District,     Property;    animal    kingdom,    Fauna 
Flora;  kingdom  of  heaven,  Heaven-Hell;  mineral 
kingdom,  Organization-Inorganization. 

king'-hood.    The  state  of  being  a  king.    Rule-License. 

king'-ly.    Worthy  of  a  king.    Rule-License. 

king'-post".  A  strut  in  a  building;  a  middle-post. 
Architecture. 

king'-ship.     Royalty.     Rule-License. 

kins'-folk.     Relatives.     Relationship. 

kins'-man.     One  related  by  blood.     Relationship. 

ki-osk'.  A  kind  of  pavilion.  Dweller-Habitation, 
Fane. 

kirk.     A  church.     Fane. 

kir'-tle.    A  frock  or  mantle.    Dress-Undress. 

kis'-met.     Fate.     Volition-Obligation. 

kiss.  To  salute  with  the  lips.  Blandishment,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness; kiss  in  the  ring,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness; kiss  the  book,  Assertion-Denial; 
kiss  the  hem  of  one's  garment,  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness, Regard-Disrespect;  kiss  the  rod, 
Yielding. 

kit.  An  entire  set;  a  basket  or  bottle ;  a  violin.  Divi- 
sion, Greatness-Littleness,  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

kit'-cat".   A  portrait.    Painting. 

kitch'-en.  A  room  for  cooking.  Contents-Receiver, 
Workshop. 

kitch'-en-er.     Acook-stove.     Oven-Refrigerator. 

kitch'-en-gar"-den.  A  vegetable-garden.  Domestica- 
tion-Agriculture. 

kitch'-en-maid" .  A  maid  that  works  in  the  kitchen. 
Chief-Underling. 

kite.  A  paper  toy;  a  kind  of  money.  Conveyance- 
Vessel,  Money;  fly  a  kite,  Credit-Debt,  Loan-Bor- 
rowing, Settlement-Default. 

kith.     One's  kindred.     Kith  and  kin,  Relationship. 

kith'-less.  Without  friends.  Sociability-Privacy, 
Solitude-Company. 

kit'-ten.  Something  young;  to  bring  forth;  a  young 
cat.  Creation -Destruction,  Infant- Veteran; 
playful  as  a  kitten,  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

kit'-ten-ish.     Playful.     Infant-Veteran. 

klep"-to-ma'-ni-a.    An  insane  desire  to  steal.     Desire- 

i     Distaste,  Saneness-Lunacy,  Theft. 

klep"-tc-ma'-ni-ac.  One  with  an  insane  desire  to  steal. 
Saneness-Maniac,  Theft. 

knack.  A  peculiar  aptness.  Habit-Desuetude,  Skill; 
get  into  the  knack,  Habit-Desuetude. 

knag.     A  knot  or  knob.     Obstruction-Help. 

knag'-gy.     Of  surly  temper.  -  Favorite-Moroseness. 

knap.     A  summit.     Height-Lowness. 

knap'-sack".    A  provision-sack.    Contents-Receiver. 

knave.  An  impostor.  Gull- Deceiver,  Upright- 
ness-Rogue. 

kna'-ver-y.     Deception.     Craft-Artlessness,  Truth- 


fulness-Fraud,     Uprightness-Dishonesty,   Vir- 
tue-Vice. 

knav'-ish.    Trickish.    Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

knead.  To  mix;  to  mold.  Form -Formlessness, 
Hardness-Softness,  Mixture-Homogeneity. 

knee.  A  joint  of  the  leg.  Anatomy,  Angularity;  bend 
the  knee,  Elevation-Depression,  Yielding;  down 
on  one's  knees,  Devotion-Idolatry,  Selfrespect- 
Humbleness;  fall  on  one's  knees,  Atonement,  Peti- 
tion-Expostulation, Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness, Yielding;  on  one's  knees,  Petition-Expos- 
tulation, Regard-Disrespect. 

knee'-deep".  Rising  to  the  knee.  Deepness-Shallow- 
ness. 

kneel.  To  bow  in  devotion  or  to  ask  mercy.  Compas- 
sion-Ruthlessness,  Devotion-Idolatry,  Eleva- 
tion-Depression, Petition-Expostulation,  Po- 
liteness-Impoliteness, Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness, Regard-Disrespect,  Yielding. 

kneel'-ing.  Resting  on  the  knees.  Devotion-Idola- 
try, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Regard-Disre- 
spect, Yielding. 

knell.  A  funeral  bell.  Life-Funeral,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection; strike  the  death-knell,  Life-Kill- 
ing. 

knick'-er-bock"-ers.    Knee-breeches.    Dress-Undress. 

knick'-knack".  Any  trifling  article.  Entertainment 
Weariness,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

knife.  A  sharp-edged  instrument.  Sharpness-Blunt- 
ness;  play  a  good  knife  and  fork,  Desire,  Fasting- 
Gluttony,  Nutriment-Excretion. 

knight.  A  person  of  rank.  Gentility-Commonalty; 
carpet-knight,  Society-Dandy;  knight  errant,  At- 
tack-Defense, Humanitarianism-Misanthropy, 
Recklessness-Caution, Saneness-Maniac;  knight- 
service,  Holding-Exemption;  knight's-move,  Aim- 
Aberration. 

knight'-er"-rant-ry.  Chivalry.  Humanitarianism- 
Misanthropy,  Recklessness-Caution. 

knight'-hood.  The  condition  of  a  knight.  Gentility- 
Commonalty,  Title. 

knight'-mar'-shal.  An  officer  in  the  English  sovereign's 
household.   Chief-Underling. 

Knights  of  La'-bor.  Organization  of  laborers.  Labor- 
Capital. 

Knight'  Tem'-plar.  One  belonging  to  a  certain  order 
among  Freemasons.    Association. 

knit.  To  weave  with  needles.  Contents- Receiver, 
Union-Disunion;  well  knit,  Strength- Weakness; 
knit  the  brow,  Approval-Disapproval,  Contented- 
ness-Discontentedness,  Favorite-Anger. 

knob.  A  rounded  protuberance.  Convexity-Level- 
ness,  Roundness,  Suspension-Support. 

knock.  A  blow;  a  harsh  sound.  Crash-Drumming, 
Impetus-Reaction;  hard  knocks,  Strife-Peace; 
knock  at  the  door,  Life-Death,  Petition-Expostu- 
lation; knock  down,  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Creation-Destruction,  Elevation-Depression, 
Erectness-Flatness,  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion; knoc1'  off,  Completion-Noncompletion; 
knock  one's  head  against,  Skill-Unskilfulness; 
knock  on  the  head,  Life-Killing;  knock  over,  Crea- 
tion-Destruction; knock  under,  Repentance-Ob- 
duracy, Yielding;  knockup,  Weariness-Refresh- 
ment. 

knock'-down".  Having  force  to  overthrow.  Knock- 
down argument,  Proof-Disproof;  knock-down  blow, 
Creation-Destruction. 

knocked.  Heavily  hit.  Knocked  on  the  head,  Success- 
Failure;  knocked  to  atoms,  Creation-Destruc- 
tion; knocked  up,  Weariness-Refreshment. 

knock'-er.  A  metal  hammer  fastened  to  a  door  as  a 
means  of  signaling  for  admission.  Instrument, 
Sign. 


KNOCK-KNEED. 


577 


KNOWLEDGE— IGNORANCE. 


kaock'-kneed".  With  deformity  of  the  legs.  Angu- 
larity, Parallelism-Inclination,  Proportion- 
Deformity. 

knoll.     A  small  round  hill.     Height-Lowness. 

knot.  A  bond  of  union;  group;  difficulty;  knoll;  orna- 
ment. Association,  Connective,  Crossing,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility, Embellishment-Disfigurement, 
Gathering-Scattering,  Obstruction-Help,  Regu- 
larity-Irregularity, Roundness,  Solidity-Rari- 
ty; tie  the  nuptial  knot,  Matrimony-Celibacy;  true 
lover's  knot,  Blandishment,  Love-Hate. 

knot'-ted.  Full  of  knots.  Regularity-Irregularity, 
Smoothness-Roughness,  Solidity-Rarity. 

knot'-ty.     Full  of  knots.     Solidity-Rarity. 

knout.     A  Russian  scourge.     Recompense-Scourge. 

know.  To  be  certain  of;  be  acquainted  with.  Amity- 
Hostility,  Certainty-Doubt,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Faith-Misgiving,  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance, Sociability-Privacy;  I'd  have  you  to  know, 
Assertion-Denial,  Heed-Disregard;    I  know  bet- 


ter, Assertion-Denial;  know  by  heart,  Remem. 
brance-Forgetfulness;  know  for  certain,  Faith- 
Misgiving;  know  no  bounds,  Excess-Lack,  Infin- 
ity, Magnitude -Smallness;  know  nothing  of, 
Knowledge-Ignorance;  know  one's  own  mind,  De- 
termination-Vacillation ;  know  what  one  is  about, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  know  what's  what,  Differ- 
entiation -  Indiscrimination,  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance, Sagacity-Incapacity,  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness; know  which  is  which,  Differentiation-Indis- 
crimination. 

know'-ing.  Of  penetrating  mind.  Craft-Artlessness, 
Knowledge-Ignorance. 

know'-ing-ly.     Intelligently.    Purpose-Luck. 

knowl'-edge.  That  which  is  known.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Knowledge-Ignorance;  acquire  knowl- 
edge, Education-Learning;  come  to  one's  knowl- 
edge, Enlightenment-Secrecy;  knowledge  of  the 
world,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  practical  knowledge, 
Skill-Unskilfulness. 


KNOWLEDGE— IGNORANCE. 


Accomplishment.     An  attainment  that  lends  dignity  or  charm;  the 

act  of  accomplishing. 
A*'tarate  knowledge.!  Knowledge    derived    from    the    best    reliable 
Accurate  learning,     i       sources. 
Acquaintance.     Familiar  knowledge. 
Acquirements.     The  act  of  acquiring;    a  faculty  acquired  and  not 

natural. 
Acquisitions.      The  act  of  acquiring;    an  acquirement  obtained  by 

effort. 
Acroamatic  knowledge.)  acquired  by  hearing. 

Acroamatic  learning.      ) 
Acroamatism.     Quality  of  being  oral. 


Acroatic  knowledge.  I  g 
Acroatic  learning.     J 


e  Acroamatic  knowledge. 


Advance  of  learning.)  p  ss  of  knowledge. 

Advance  of  science.  > 

Appreciation,  etc.     Right  estimate  of  value.     See  Judgment, 

Apprehension.     The  state  or  result  of  apprehending. 

Attainment.  The  act  of  gaining,  especially  of  mental  or  moral  facul- 
ties. 

Bibliolatry.     The  worship  of  books,  especially  of  the  Bible. 

Bibliomania.     A  passion  for  books. 

Body  of  doctrine.     The  entirety  of  what  is  taught. 

Body  of  knowledge.     All  that  one  knows. 

3ookishness.      A  liking  for  books. 

Book-learning.     Learning  derived  from  studying  books. 

Circle  of  sciences.     A  particular  field  of  learning. 

Cognition.     The  act  or  power  of  understanding  facts. 

Cognizance.     Knowledge  of  facts. 

Cognoscence.     Cognizance. 

Comprehension.     Power  or  act  of  grasping  with  the  mind  in  detail. 

Conscience.     Power  to  distinguish  between  right  and  wrong. 

Consciousness.     The  state  of  being  conscious. 

Culture.     Development  of  mental  faculties 

Cyclopedia.     The  range  of  human  knowledge. 

Dawn.     The  beginning  of  understanding. 

Deep  knowledge.)  Profound  learning. 

Deep  learning.     ) 

Dilettantism.     Superficial  knowledge. 

Discovery,  etc.  The  act  of  discovering;  that  which  is  discovered. 
See  Judgment. 

Doctrine.     A  system  of  beliefs 

Education.  The  development  of  mental  powers;  knowledge  acquired 
by  such  means.     See  Teaching. 

Encyclopedia.     The  whole  range  of  human  knowledge. 

Encyclopedical  knowledge.)  f^  hensive  knowiedge. 

Encyclopedical  learning,     i 

Enlightenment.     The  state  of  being  enlightened. 

Erudition.  Knowledge  of  things  hard  to  understand,  acquired  by 
education. 

Etiology.     Th?  science  of  causes. 

Extensive  knowledge.).  wide  information. 

Extensive  learning.      ' 

Familiarity.      Intimate  knowledge. 

General  information.     Knowledge  of  a  general  kind. 

Glimmer.     Momentary  knowledge. 

GU-nmering.     Same  as  glimmer. 

Glimpse.     Slight  understanding. 

3" 


Bewilderment,  etc.     Perplexity;   condition  caused  by  confusion  of 

ideas.     See  Certainty-Doubt. 
Blindness.     The  state  of  being  blind. 
Charlatanism.     False  pretension  of  knowledge. 
Charlatanry.     See  Charlatanism. 
Crass  ignorance.     Total  ignorance. 

Darkness.     Total  absence  of  intellectual  enlightenment. 
Glimmering.     Momentary  ineffectual  knowledge. 
Ignorance.     The  state  of  being  ignorant. 
Ignorance  crasse  JF.JJ.     Gross  ignorance. 
Incapacity.     Inability  to  retain  knowledge. 
Incomprehension.     Lack  of  comprehension. 
Inexperience.     A  lack  of  experience,  or  of  knowledge  gained  by 

experience. 
Nescience.     The  condition  of  not  knowing. 
Pedantry.     Pretentious  show  of  knowledge. 
Sciolism.     Pretension  to  knowledge. 
Simplicity.     The  condition  of  knowing  very  little. 
Smattering.     Superficial  knowledge. 
Unacquaintance.     Want  of  acquaintance. 
Unconsciousness.     The  state  of  being  unconscious. 

Ignorance — Time. 

Dark  ages.     A  period  of  stagnation  and  obscurity  in  literature  and 
art,  from  about  500  to  about  1500  A.  D. 

Ignorance — Figurative  Nouns. 

Sealed  book.     That  which  is  unknown  or  unknowable. 

Tabula  rasa  [L.].     Emptiness;  want  of  intellect. 

Terra  incognita  [L.].     An  unknown  subject. 

Unexplored  ground.     A  topic  or  line  of  thought  that  has  not  been 

studied. 
Unknown  quantities.     X,  Y,  Z;  subjects  not  yet  made  known  by 

research.  \ 

Virgin  soil.     A  matter  still  to  be  investigated. 

Ignorance — Verbs. 

Be  blind  to.     To  be  unable  to  understand. 
Be  ignorant,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Have  a  glimmering.     Have  a  slight  knowledge. 
Have  no  conception. ~\ 

Have  no  idea.  [-Be  absolutely  ignorant. 

Have  no  notion.         J 
Ignore.     To  be  ignorant. 

Keep  in  ignorance,  etc.     See  Enlightenment-Sbcrect. 
Know  not.  j  «    . 

Know  nothing  of./       Ig 
Know  not  what.     To  be  uncertain  about. 
Not  have  the  remotest  idea.     Have  no  notion. 
Not  know,  etc.     See  Knowledge. 

Not  know  what  to  make  of.     Not  to  be  able  to  fully  comprehend  tho 
meaning  of. 


;  ignorant. 


Not  pretend  to  say. 


Not  take  upon  oneself  to  say. 
Wonder  whether.     To  be  in  doubt 


Not  know  enough  to  say. 


KNOWLEDGE. 


578 


KNOWLEDGE— IGNORANCE. 


KNOWLEDGE—  IGNORANCE— Continued. 


Impressi  m.     Effect  produced  by  knowing. 

Information.     Knowledge    acquired    and    retained       important    01 

particular  knowledge. 
Inkling.     A  hint. 

Insight.     Knowledge  of  that  which  is  within. 
Intuition.     Natural  power  of  knowing. 
Ken.     Extent  of  knowledge. 

Knowledge.     That  which  is  known ;  the  state  or  act  of  knowing. 
Learning.     That  knowledge  which  is  acquired  by  study,   the  act  of 

learning.  . 

Letters.     Learning  in  general. 
Liberal  education.     Education  in  noble  and  refined    thought  and 

action.  , 

Light.     Knowledge  in  the  sense  of  making  clear  or  plain. 
Literature.     Knowledge  in  writing;  acquaintance  with  writings. 
Lore.     The  learning  of  a  class  or  people. 
March  of  intellect.     The  progress  of  mind. 
Omniscience.     Knowledge  of  all  things. 
Pandect.     A  compendium  of  some  branch  of  knowledge. 
Pansophy.     A  system  or  scheme  of  universal  knowledge. 
Pantology.     A  science  including  all  branches  of  knowledge. 
Perception.     The  act  or  result  of  perceiving. 
Philosophy.    The  science  that  treats  of  the  laws  that  govern  facts  or 

phenomena. 
Practical  knowledge,  etc.     Knowledge  applicable  to  use.     See  Skill. 
Precognition.     Cognition  beforehand. 
Privity.     Knowledge  of  something  secret. 
Proficiency.     The  state  of  being  proficient. 

Profound  tearri!£f    J  Knowle<3ge  °f  abstruse  subjects. 

Progress  of  learning. )  Advance  ;n  knowiedge. 

Progress  of  science,  i 

Reading.     The  study  of  books. 

Recognition.     The  act  or  result  of  recognizing. 

Republic  of  letters,  etc.  The  field  of  knowledge  covered  by  litera- 
ture.    See  Language. 

Rudiments.     The  beginnings  or  first  principles  of  understanding. 

Scent.  Limited  knowledge  which  makes  more  extended  knowledge 
possible. 

Scholarship.     The  sum  of  acquired  knowledge. 

School,  etc.     A  system  of  knowledge.     See  sub  Belief. 

Schoolmaster  abroad.     Dispersed  knowledge. 

Science.     Systematized  knowledge 

Solid  knowledge.)  t,  ,.  ,,   ,         .    , 

Solid  learning       /  Rehable  knowledge. 

Store  of  knowledge.     Amount  of  knowledge. 

Suspicion.     Knowledge  sustained  by  little  evidence. 

System  of  knowledge.     Orderly  arrangement  of  knowledge. 

Theory.  Knowledge  as  distinguished  from  practise;  the  principle 
of  a  science. 

Tree  of  knowledge.     Power  to  distinguish  good  and  evil. 

ESt  learninefj  Widely  extended  knowledge. 


Vast  learning. 


Knowledge— Verbs. 


Appreciate.     To  form  a  right  estimate  of. 

Apprehend.     To  know  of  as  existing. 

Be  au  courant,  etc.     To  have  present  knowledge.     See  Adverbs. 

Be  aware  of,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  master  of.     To  understand  minutely. 

Come  to  one's  knowledge.      To  be  discovered. 

Comprehend.  To  fully  understand  the  meaning  of;  to  have  a 
clear  idea  of. 

Conceive.     To  form  an  idea  of. 

Connaitre  le  dessous  des  cartes  [F.].  To  know  the  ins  and  outs  of  a 
thing;  comprehend. 

Discern.     To  distinguish  a  thing  as  separate  from  something  else 

Discover,  etc.     To  come  to  know  first.     See  Discovery. 

Experience.     To  know  by  experience. 

Fathom.     To  find  out  all  that  can  be  known  about  anything. 

Get  a  sight  of.     Perceive. 

Have.     To  retain  in  the  mind. 

Have  at  one's  fingers*  ends.  1  «,    ,  ,    t 

Have  in  one's  head.  J  To  have  7eady  for  use' 

Have  some  knowledge  of.    To  know  in  some  degree. 

Ken.     To  understand. 

Know.  To  comprehend  anything  with  certainty;  to  have  con- 
viction that  a  thing  is  true;  to  be  familiar  with. 

Know  by  heart.     To  know  through  the  feelings. 

Know  by  rote.     To  know  by  frequent  repetition. 

Know  full  well.    To  know  very  well. 

Know  what's  what,  etc.  To  thoroughly  understand  the  situation. 
Sec  Skill. 


Ignorance — Verbal  Expressions. 

Have  a  film  over  the  eyes.     To  be  hindered  from  clearly  under- 
standing. 
Not  know  chalk  from  cheese.     To  be  unable  to  distinguish. 
See  through  a  glass  darkly.     To  be  in  partial  ignorance. 

Ignorance — Adjectives. 

A  stranger  to.     Ignorant  of. 

At  fault.     Mistaken  and  worthy  of  blame. 

At  sea,  etc.     In  a  quandary.     See  Certainty-Doubt 

At  the  end  of  his  tether.     Having  exhausted  his  stock  of  kno*  : 

Au  bout  de  son  Latin  [F.fJ.     To  the  extent  of  his  knowledge. 

Behind  the  age.     Not  versed  in  present  knowledge 

Belated.     Slow  of  intellect. 

Benighted.     Kept  in  mental  darkness. 

Blinded.     Prevented  from  knowing. 

Blindfold.     Having  the  intellect  darkened,  heedless. 

Caught  tripping.     Found  blundering. 

Concealed  etc.     Hidden  from  investigation.     See  Concealment. 

Empty.     Having  no  intelligence. 

Empty-headed.     Senseless;  foolish. 

Green.     Having  no  knowledge  from  experience,  an  .  liable  to 

blunder. 

Half-learned.     Partially  educated. 

Hoodwinked.     Easily  deceived. 

Ignorant.  Not  knowing;  having  no  development  in  intellectual 
power. 

Illiterate.     Knowing  nothing  of  literature;  unable  to  read 

In  the  dark.     Uncertain. 

Misinformed.     Wrongly  informed. 

Novel.     Not  previously  known,  strange. 

Pedantic.     Given  to  pedantry. 

Philistine.     Narrow-minded;  from  the  Philistines  of  the  Bible 

Rude.     Uncultured,  and  hence  lacking  in  manners. 

Shallow.     Having  no  depth  of  intellect. 

Superficial.  Able  to  know  or  characterized  by  only  what  is  very 
easily  understood. 

Unacquainted,  unapprehended,  unapprized,  unascertained,  unaware, 
unbookish,  unconscious,  unconversant,  uncultivated,  uneducated, 
unenlightened,  unexplained,  unexplored,  unguided,  unheard  of, 
uninformed,  uninitiated,  uninstructed,  uninvestigated,  unknowing, 
unknown,  unlearned,  unlettered,  unperceived,  unread,  unschooled, 
untaught,  untutored,  unversed,  unweeting,  unwitting.  Not  at 
quainted,  etc. 

Weetless.     Witless. 

Witless.     Without  thoughtfulness;  foolish. 

Ignorance — Adverbs. 

For  anything  one  knows.)  As  {ar  <s  taowkd 

For  aught  one  knows.      ) 

Ignorantly,  etc.  In  an  ignorant  manner  See  Adjective^. 
Not  that  one  knows.  Not  as  far  as  one's  knowledge  goes. 
Unawares.     Without  knowing;  unconsciously 

Ignorance — Interjections. 
God  knows!  heaven  knows!  the  Lord  knows  1  nobody  knows! 


KNOWLEDGE— Verbs— Continued. 

Make  out.     To  know  by  examining 

Perceive.     To  know  of  existence  through  impression  of  the  senses, 

to  understand. 
Possess.     To  have  in  mind  an  idea  of. 
Possess  some  knowledge  of.     Know  in  part. 
Realize.     To  think  of  as  real;  to  comprehend  the  meaning  o(. 
Recognize.     To  perceive  as  something  known  before. 
Scan.     To  examine  hurriedly. 
See.     To  perceive  with  the  mind;  to  understand. 
See  one's  way.     To  know  what  to  do. 
Take.     To  accept  as  true;  to  regard. 
Trow.     To  suppose. 

Understand.     To  know  after  having  considered. 
Ween.     To  make  a  guess. 
Wit.     To  find  out;  learn 
Wot.     Same  as  wit. 
Wot  of.     To  know  of. 


Accomplished . 
Acquainted  with. 


Knowledge — A  dtectives. 

Endowed  with  accomplishments. 
Having  familiar  knowledge  of. 


KNOWLEDGE. 


579 


KYLE. 


KNOWLEDGE— Adjectives— Continued. 


Acroainatic       Difficult  to  understand 

Alive  to.     In  a  position  to  know;  readily  understanding. 

Apprized  of.     Possessed  of  information  concerning. 

Ascertained.     Investigated  and  understood  with  certainty 

At  horn*  in.     Thoroughly  familiar  with. 

Au  courant  [F.].     Versed  in  up-to-date  learning. 

Auiait  [F.].     Well  educated. 

Aware  of.     Knowing  about. 

Behind  the  curtain.  I  Havi      knowledge  ot  things  generally  hidden. 
Behind  the  scenes.  )  a 

Blue.     Very  much  devoted  to  literature. 
Bookish.     Fond  of  books. 

Book-learned.     Possessed  of  knowledge  obtained  from  books. 
Cognitive.     Having  the  power  to  understand  a  fact  or  truth. 
Cognizable.     Capable  of  being  perceived  or  known. 
Cognizant  of.     Having  apprehension  of. 
Cognoscible.     Capable  of  being  ascertained. 
Commonplace,     Easily  understood  by  all. 
Conscious  of.     Knowing  that  anything  exists. 
Conversant  with.     Familiar  with. 
Deep-read.     Versed  in  literature. 
Educated.     Having  the  benefits  of  an  education. 
Enlightened'.     Possessed  of  knowledge  that  enables  to  see  clearly. 
Erudite.     Characterized  by  erudition. 
Familiar.     Characterized  by  intimate  knowledge. 
Familiar  as  household  words.  (  y        famiHar. 
Familiar  to  every  schoolboy    J 
Familiar  with.     Having  intimate  knowledge  of. 
Forward  in.     Advanced  in  an  understanding  of. 

Hackneyed.     Oft  repeated,  and  hence  common,  known  to  every- 
body. 
Informed  of.     Having  information  concerning. 
Instructed.     Put  in  possession  of  knowledge 
In  the  secret.     Having  an  insight  into. 


Knowing.     Characterized  by  knowledge;  shrewd. 

Known.     Recognized  as  the  truth. 

Learned.     Possessed  of  much  learning. 

Let  into.     Permitted  to  know  about,  as  a  secret. 

Lettered.     Versed  in  literature. 

Made  acquainted  with.  I  Informed  of 

No  stranger  to.  i 

Noted.     Famous  on  account  of  some  accomplishment,  as  learning  or 

wisdom. 
Notorious.     Famous;  renowned. 
Omniscient.     Characterized  by  omniscience. 
Privy  to.     Sharing  a  secret  knowledge  of. 
Proficient  in.     Knowing  well  how  to  do .  expert  in. 
Profound.     Characterized  by  deep,  exhaustive  knowledge. 
Proverbial.     Having  the  characteristics  of  a  proverb. 
Read  in.     Versed  in  the  literature  of. 
Received.     Perceived;  understood. 
Recognized.     Accepted  as  the  truth. 
Savant  [F.|.     Exceptionally  learned. 

Scholastic.     Pertaining  to  or  characterized  by  schools  or  scholars. 
Self-taught.    Educated  by  private  study. 
Shrewd.     Quick  to  comprehend;  artful. 
Solid.     Characterized  by  sound  learning  or  judgment. 
Strong  in.     Having  especially  thorough  knowledge  of. 
Trite.     Frequently  repeated;  commonplace. 
Undeceived.     Informed  of  the  truth 

Up  to.     Thoroughly  conversant  with;  equipped  with  knowledge  of. 
Versed  in.     Educated  in;  knowing  considerable  about. 
Well  conned.     Carefully  studied. 
Well  educated.     Having  a  good  education. 
Well  grounded.     Having  a  good  fundamental  knowledge. 
Well  informed.     Having  a  good  general  knowledge  of  things. 
Well  known.     Famous. 
Well  read ,     Having  a  good  knowledge  from  reading. 


To  one's  knowledge, 
evidence. 


Knowledge — Adverbs. 
One  knowing  it  to  be  the  truth  from  personal        To  the  best  of  one's  knowledge.     As  far  as  one  knows. 

Knowledge — Phrases. 


Comprendre    c'esl    tout    pardonner  [F.].     To   understand    all   is   to 

pardon  all. 
Empta  dolore  docet  experientia  [L.J.     Experience  wrought  with  pain 

teaches. 
Gnolhi  seauton  [Gr.  \     Know  thyself.     [In  the  temple  at  Delphi.] 
Les  affaires  font  Ics  hommes  [F.].     Experience  of  affairs  makes  men. 

known.  Understood;  famous.  Knowledge- Igno- 
rance; become  known,  Exposure-Hidingplace; 
known  as,  Name-Misnomer;  known  by,  Sign;  make 
known,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Publicity;  well 
known,  Knowledge-Ignorance. 

knuck'-le.  A  joint  in  the  hand.  Angularity;  knuckle 
down.  Yielding. 

knuck'-le-dus"-ter.     A  weapon.     Weapon. 

knur'-and-spell".  A  kind  of  game.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

ko'-bold.     A  kind  of  goblin.     Jove-Fiend. 

Koh"-i-noor'.  A  famous  diamond.  Faultlessness- 
Faultiness. 

korakas,  es  [Gr.]  (ko-ra'-kas,  es).  To  the  crows.  As- 
sent-Dissent. 

Ko-ran'.  The  Mohammedan  scriptures.  Revelation- 
Pseudorevelation. 

ko-tow'.     A  form  of  obeisance.     Elevation-Depres- 


Nec  scire  fas  est  omnia  [L.J.     To  know  all  things  is  not  permitted. 
One's  eyes  being  opened,  etc.     Having   learned   from   experience. 

See  Disclosure. 
Was  ich  nicht  weiss,  macht  mich  nicht  heiss  [G.].     What  I  do  not 

know  does  not  make  me  glow. 


sion,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Regard-Disre- 
spect, Yielding. 

kraal.     A  village.     Dweller-Habitation. 

kra'-ken.  A  fabled  sea-monster.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality. 

kriegs'-spiel".  A  game  of  war,  played  for  practise,  on 
maps.    Fighting-Conciliation. 

kris.     A  short  sword.     Weapon. 

Krish'-na.     A  Hindu  deity.     Jove-Fiend. 

kro'-ne.     Coin.     Values. 

Krupp.     A  German  founder.     Krupp  gun,  Weapon. 

kudos  [Gr  ]  (kiu'-dos).  Glory.  Approval-Disappro- 
val. 

Ku'-klux".  The  name  of  an  old  Southern  secret  pol- 
itical party.     Association. 

ky'-an-ize,  To  prevent  decay  by  using  mercuric  chlo- 
rid.     Conservation. 

kyle.     A  sound  or  strait.     Gulf-Plain. 


LABADI3T. 


580 


LABORATORY. 


Lab'-a-dist.  A  member  of  an  old  sect  of  Christian  com- 
munists.   Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

lab'-a-rum.  A  Roman  military  standard;  a  certain 
ecclesiastical  banner.     Sign. 

lab'-e-fy.  To  weaken  or  impair.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration. 

la'-bel.  A  tag  of  paper  or  other  material  attached  to 
something,  telling  its  character,  etc.  Name-Misno- 
mer,  Sign. 

la'-bent.   Slipping.   Ascent-Descent. 

Ia'-bi-al.  Pertaining  to,  formed,  or  articulated  by  the 
lips;  one  of  the  lip-sounds  or  letters.  Border,  Let- 
ter. 

la'-bi-a"-ted.     Lipped.     Border. 

labitur  et  labetur  [L.]  (lab'-i-tur  et  le-bi'-tur).  It 
flows    and    it    will    flow.        Discontinuance-Con- 


tinuance, Eternity-Instantaneity,  Period-Prog- 
ress. 
la'-bor.  Toil;  a  task;  pain;  travail.  Action-Passive- 
ness,  Creation-Destruction,  Toil-Relaxation- 
hard  labor,  Recompense-Punition;  labor  for,  Pur- 
pose-Luck; labor  in  one's  vocation,  Occupation; 
labor  in  vain,  Provision-Waste,  Success-Failure, 
Transcursion-Shortcoming.Usefulness-Useless- 
ness;  labor  lost,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  labor 
of  love,  Costliness-Cheapness,  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Readiness-Reluctance,  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness; labor  under,  Condition-Situa- 
tion, Difficulty-Facility,  Emotion,  Health- 
Sickness,  Pleasure-Pain;  mountain  in  labor,  Pro- 
vision-Waste; Sisyphean  labor,  Difficulty- Fa- 
cility, 


LABOR— CAPITAL. 


Industry.     Useful  labor;  trade. 

Labor.     Physical  toil  or  bodily  exertion. 

Labor — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Artificer.     An  artistic  manufacturer;  soldier-mechanic. 

Artisan.     One  skilled  in  any  mechanical  art. 

Breadwinner.     One  who  works  for  his  living. 

Consumer      One  who  consumes. 

Craftsman  j  Ski]fed  mechanic_ 

Handicraftsman..* 

Journeyman.     Mechanic  who  has  completed  his  apprenticeship. 

Laborer.     One  who  does  work  requiring  no  skill. 

Mechanic.     One  who  uses  tools  other  than  agricultural. 

Operative.     One  who  tends  machinery. 

Producer.     Ons  who  manufactures  crude  materials  into  articles  of 

use. 
Proletariat.     The  wage-workers  of  a  state  collectively. 
Skilled  workman.     One  skilled  in  a  particular  branch  of  industry. 
The  masses.     The  great  body  of  the  people. 
Toiler.     Laborer;  hard  worker. 

Labor — Associated  Nouns. 

American  Federation  of  Labor.  An  open  organization  whose  pur- 
pose is  to  advance  the  cause  of  laboring  men. 

Blacklist.  A  list  of  persons  who  are  for  some  reason  thought  unde- 
serving of  employment. 

Boycott.  A  combining  to  withhold  or  prevent  dealings  or  social 
intercourse  with. 

Knights  of  Labor.  A  secret  organization  whose  professed  purpose  is 
to  secure  and  maintain  the  rights  of  workingmen. 

Lockout.  The  closing  of  a  factory  or  workshop  by  an  employer,  in 
order  to  bring  the  workmen  to  satisfactory  terms  by  a  suspension 
of  wages. 

Salary*     Fixed  regular  wages. 

Strike.  Act  of  quitting  work  by  a  body  of  workmen,  as  a  means  of 
enforcing  compliance  with  demands. 

Union.     A  league  of  workmen  engaged  in  a  particular  trade. 

Wages.     A  compensation  given  to  a  hired  person  for  services. 

Labor — Verbs. 
Boycott.     To  refrain  from  any  intercourse  with  some  one. 
Labor.     To  work. 
Manufacture.     To  make. 
Produce.     To  make;  to  yield 
Strike.     To  quit  work,  to  compel  an  agreement  with  the  employer. 

Labor — Adjectives. 
Industrial.     Pertaining  to  industries  or  trade. 
Proletariat.     Pertaining  to  the  rabble. 


labor,  hoc  opus,  hie  [L.]  (le'-bor,  hoc  o'-pust  hie), 
is  labor,  this  is  work.    Difficulty-Facility. 


This 


Capital.     Wealth  employed  in  production. 

Corporation.  One  or  more  persons  empowered  to  engage  in  business 
under  certain  conditions. 

Monopoly.     The  complete  control  of  any  branch  of  business. 

Stock.  Capital  of  an  incorporated  company  represented  by  trans- 
ferable shares. 

Trust.     A  combination  of  corporations  under  one  management. 

Watered  stock.     Stock  not  in  proportion  to  the  paid-in  capital. 

Capital — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Bank.     An  establishment  for  the  custody,  loan,  exchange,  or  issue  of 

money. 
Bank  of  England.     The  greatest  financial  establishment  of  England. 
Bear.     One  who  attempts  to  depress  the  value  of  stocks. 
Bloated  bondholder.  A  contemptuous  expression  for  a  wealthy  person. 
Bondholder.     One  who  holds  bonds. 
Bull.     One  who  attempts  to  raise  the  price  of  stocks. 
Capitalist.     One  who  has  money  invested. 
Investor.     One  who  invests  money. 

Long.     One  who  buys  stocks  expecting  to  sell  at  a  higher  price. 
Magnate.     A  person  of  influence  in  the  financial  or  industrial  world. 
Man  of  means.     A  wealthy  person. 
Manufacturer.     One  who  manufactures. 
Monopolist.     One  who  has  complete  control  of  anything. 
Napoleon  of  finance.     A  leader  in  the  financial  world. 
Operator.     One  who  carries  on  an  industry. 
Rothschild.     Figuratively,  a  leader  in  the  financial  world. 
Short.     One  who  sells  stock  for  future  delivery  which  he  does  not  at 

present  own. 
Speculator.     One  who  buys  and  sells  goods  or  stocks,  etc.,  with  the 

expectation  of  deriving  profits  from  the  changing  prices. 

Capital — Nouns  of  Place. 
Cotton  exchange.     A  place  where  cotton  is  bought  and  sold. 
Exchange,     The  place  where  the  bankers,  merchants,  and  brokers 

meet  at  certain  hours  to  transact  business. 
Lombard  Street.     The  commercial  and  financial  center  of  London. 
Stock  exchange.     The  place  where  stocks  are  bought  and  sold. 
Wall  Street.     The  principal  financial  center  of  New  York. 

Capital — Associated  Nouns. 
Credit.     Mercantile  reputation  entitling  one  to  be  trusted. 
Plutocracy.      A  form  of  government  in  which  the  supreme  power  is 

in  the  hands  of  the  wealthy.* 
Single  tax.     A  tax  upon  land,  held  by  some  theorists  to  be  the  only 

tax  which  should  be  levied. 

Capital — Verbs. 
Combine.     To  unite  under  one  management. 
Float  a  bond  issue.     To  find  purchasers  for  bonds. 
Float  a  loan.     To  borrow  money  in  exchange  for  bonds. 

lab'-o-ra-to"-ry.  A  building  or  room  fitted  up  for  con- 
ducting scientific  experiments.    Workshop. 


LABORED. 


581 


LAMB  OF  GOD. 


la'-bored.  Done  with  care ;  elaborate.  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation,  Purity-Crudeness  ;  labored 
study,  Heed-Disregard. 

la'-bor-er.  One  who  performs  physical  or  manual  labor. 
Agent,  Labor-Capital. 

la'-bor-ing.  Of  or  pertaining  to  labor.  Toil- Relaxa- 
tion; laboring  man,  Agent;  laboring  oar,  Toil-Re- 
laxation. 

la-bo'-ri-ous.  Toilsome;  arduous.  Difficulty-Facil- 
ity, Toil-Relaxation. 

la-bo'-ri-ous-ly.   Arduously.    Toil-Relaxation. 

la-bo'-ri-ous-ness.  State  of  being  laborious.  Activity- 
Indolence. 

lab'-y-rinth.  A  maze.  Circle-Winding,  Regularity- 
Irregularity,  Tidings-Mystery. 

lab"-y-rin'-thi-an.    Mazy.    Circle-Winding. 

lab"-y-rin'-thic.   Complicated.   Circle-Winding. 

lab"-y-rin'-thine.    Mazy.    Circle-Winding. 

lac.  A  resinous  substance ;  the  sum  of  100,000.  Five- 
Quinquesection,  Pulpiness-Rosin  ;  lac  of  rupees, 
Money. 

lac'-co-lith.    Lava.    Geology. 

lace.  A  delicate  open  network  made  of  threads  of  va- 
rious materials.  Crossing,  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement, Union-Disunion;  lace  one's  jacket, 
Recompense-Punition. 

lac'-er-a-ble.  Capable  of  being  lacerated.  Toughness- 
Brittleness. 

lac'-er-ate.  To  tear  rudely  or  raggedly.  Union-Dis- 
union; lacerate  the  heart,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness. 

lac"-er-a'-tion.    The  act  of  tearing.    Union-Disunion. 

lach'-es.  Neglect.  Carefulness-Neglect,  Observ- 
ance-Nonobservance. 

lachrymce,  hinc  illce  [L.]  (lac'-ri-mi,  hinc  il'-li).  Hence 
these  tears.    Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

lack.  To  need;  to  want;  to  fail.  Affluence-Penury, 
Enough,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Need;  lack  faith, 
Godliness-Disbelief;  lack  preparation,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation  ;  lack  wit,  Sage-Fool. 

lack"-a-dai'-si-cal.  Affectedly  pensive.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Desire-Distaste,  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection. 

lack'-a-dai"-sy.  An  exclamation  denoting  grief,  regret, 
or  surprise.  Astonishment-Expectance,  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation. 

lack'-a-day".  An  exclamation  of  grief,  regret,  etc.  Ju- 
bilation-Lamentation. 

lack'-brain" .  One  deficient  in  understanding.  Sagac- 
ity-Incapacity, Sage-Fool. 

la;k'-er.  A  kind  of  varnish;  to  varnish.  Cover-Lin- 
ing, Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Pulpiness- 
Rosin. 

lack'-ey.     An  attending  servant.    Chief-Underling. 

lack'-lus"-ter.      Want  of  luster;    wanting  brightness. 
Color-Achromatism,  Dimness. 

la-con'-ic.    Brief.    Terseness-Prolixity. 

lac'-o-nism.  A  brief  expression.  Terseness-Prolix- 
ity. 

lac'-quer.  A  kind  of  varnish ;  to  varnish.  Cover-Lin- 
ing, Embellishment- Disfigurement,  Pulpiness- 
Rosin. 

lac"-ri-ma'-tion .  The  act  of  shedding  tears.  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation. 

lac'-ri-ma-to"-ry.  A  small  narrow-necked  glass  bottle, 
of  a  type  found  in  ancient  tombs.  Jubilation-Lam- 
entation. 

lacrimis,  quis  temperet  a  [L.]  (lac'-ri-mis,  quis  tem'-per- 
et  e).  Who  can  refrain  from  tears?  Compassion- 
Ruthlessness. 

lac'-ri-mose.  Shedding  tears.  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection. 

la-crosse'.  A  game  of  ball.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 


Iac'-te-al.      Pertaining  to  milk.     Viscidity-Foam. 

lac'-te-an.     Milky.     Viscidity-Foam. 

lac'-te-ous.     Milk-like.     Viscidity-Foam. 

lac-tes'-cent.     Becoming  milky.     Viscidity-Foam. 

lac-tif'-e-rous.     Containing  milk.    Viscidity-Foam. 

la-cu'-na.  A  small  blank  space.  Convexity-Concav- 
ity, Interspace-Contact. 

la-cus'-trine.     Pertaining  to  a  lake.     Gulf-Plain. 

lad.     A  boy  or  youth.     Infant-Veteran. 

lad'-der.  A  device  for  climbing  and  descending;  means 
of  ascent.  Ascent-Descent,  Way;  kick  down  the 
ladder,  Determination-Vacillation. 

lade.  To  load;  to  oppress.  Contents-Receiver,  Es- 
tablishment-Removal; lade  out,  Admission  Ex- 
pulsion. 

la'-den.  Loaded;  weighed  down.  Entirety-Defi- 
ciency; heavy  laden,  Affections;  laden  with, 
Holding-Exemption. 

la'-ding.  The  act  of  loading;  burden.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Establishment- Removal,  Property;  bill 
of  lading,  Record. 

la'-dle.  A  cup-shaped  vessel  intended  for  dipping  and 
pouring;  to  use  such  a  vessel.  Contents-Receiver, 
Conveyance-Vessel,  Transfer. 

la'-dy.  A  gentlewoman.  Gentility-Commonalty, 
Male-Female,  Matrimony-Celibacy;  lady  help, 
Chief-Underling;  lady's  maid,  Chief-Undebxing. 

la'-dy-like".   Refined;  gentle.   Male-Female,  Society- 

LuDRICROUSNESS. 

la'-dy-love".    A  sweetheart.    Love-Hate. 

lag.  To  move  slowly ;  to  loiter.  Activity-Indolence, 
Leading-Following,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

lag'-gard.  Slow;  a  loiterer.  Activity-Indolence, 
Readiness-Reluctance. 

lag'-ging.   Loitering.    Activity-Indolence. 

la-goon'.  A  pool  or  lake;  a  marshy  place.  Gulf- 
Plain. 

la-gune'.   A  lagoon.   Gulf-Plain. 

la  grippe  [F.]  (la  grip).  Influenza.    Health-Sickness. 

la'-ic-al.    Lay.    Ministry-Laity. 

laid.  Put;  stored;  taken;  placed.  Laid  by  the  heels, 
Release-Restraint;  laid  low,  Strength-Weak- 
ness; laid  on  one's  back,  Might-Impotence;  laid  up, 
Health-Sickness. 

lair.  The  den  of  a  wild  animal.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness,  Dweller-Habitation. 

laird.  A  lord;  a  landlord.  Chief-Underling,  Gen- 
tility-Commonalty, Holder. 

La'-is.  The  name  of  two  Greek  courtezans.  Purity- 
Rake. 

laisse  manger,  cela  se  [F.]  (les  man-zhe',  se-la'  se). 
That  is  eatable.  Palatableness-Unpalatable- 
ness. 

laisser  aller  [F.]  (lg-se'  al-le').  To  let  alone.  Action- 
Passiveness,  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Lib- 
erty-Subjection, Rule-License. 

laisser  faire  [F.]  (le-s£'  fer) .  To  let  alone.  Action-Pas- 
siveness,  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Liberty- 
Subjection,  Rule-License. 

la'-i-ty.  The  people  as  distinguished  from  the  clergy. 
Ministry-Laity. 

lake.  An  inland  body  of  water;  a  certain  pigment. 
Gulf-Plain,  Redness-Greenness;  lake  of  fire  and 
brimstone,  Heaven-Hell. 

la'-ma.  A  priest,  monk,  or  nun  of  the  branch  of 
Buddhism  called  Lamaism.  Chief -Underling, 
Ministry-Laity. 

La  Marseillaise  [F.]  (la  mar"-ss-lyez') .  French  national 
hymn.    Patriotism-Treason. 

lamb.  A  young  sheep;  any  gentle  or  innocent  person. 
Fauna -Flora,  Infant- Veteran,  Innocence- 
Guilt;  go  out  like  a  lamb,  Turbulence-Calmness; 
lion  lies  down  with  lamb,  Strife-Peace. 

Lamb  of  God.     Jesus  Christ.     Divinity. 


LAMBENT. 


582 


LAMINA— FIBER. 


lam'-bent.  Playing  with  a  licking  movement;  gently 
radiant.  Touch;  lambent  flame,  Heat-Cold,  Light- 
Darkness. 

Iamb/-kin.  A  little  lamb.  Fauna-Flora,  Infant- Vet- 
eran. 

lamb'-like".  Gentle;  innocent.  Excitability-Inexci- 
tability,  Innocence-Guilt. 

lame.  Crippled;  halting;  to  disable.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness,  Might-Impotence,  Strength- 
Weakness,  Success-Failure,  Usefulness-Use- 
lessness;  help  a  lame  dog  over  a  stile,  Justifica- 
tion-Charge, Obstruction-Help;  lame  conclusion, 
Ratiocination-Casuistry,  Success-Failure;  lame 
duck,  Settlement-Default;  lame  excuse,  Pre- 
text. 

la-mel'-la.  A  thin  scale,  plate,  or  lamina.  Lamina- 
Fiber. 

lam'-el-lar.   Scale-like.   Lamina-Fiber. 


lam'-el-la"-ted.  Composed  of  or  having  thin  plates,  or 
lamellae.    Lamina-Fiber. 

la-mel'-li-form.   Scale-like.    Lamina-Fiber. 

la-ment'.  To  mourn  for;  to  grieve;  a  loud  complaint. 
Approval-Disapproval,  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment,  Jubilation-Lamentation. 

lam'-en-ta-ble.  Grievous;  mournful;  causing  dissatis- 
faction. Goodness-Badness,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Pleasurableness-Pain fulness. 

lam'-en-ta-bly.  In  a  lamentable  manner.  Magnitude- 
Smallness. 

lam/'-en-ta'-tion.  Utterance  of  profound  grief.  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation. 

la-ment'-ing.    Bewailing.    Jubilation-Lamentation. 

La'-mi-a.  A  female  demon  that  enticed  youths  and  fed 
upon  their  flesh  and  blood.  Devotion-Magician, 
Jove-Fiend. 

lam'-i-na.  A  thin  scale  or  sheet;  a  layer  or  coat  lying 
over  another.     Lamina-Fiber,  Whole-Part. 


LAMINA— FIBER. 


Bed.     A  layer  or  seam,  or  a  horizontal  stratum  between  layers 

Board.     A  piece  of  timber  sawed  thin. 

Coat.     A  layer  of  any  substance  covering  another. 

Coats  of  an  onion.     The  concentric  layers  of  an  onion. 

Cut.     A  portion  severed  or  cut  off. 

Escarpment.  Ground  about  a  fortified  place  cut  nearly  vertical  to 
prevent  hostile  approach. 

Film.     A  thin  membranous  covering. 

Flag.     A  flat  layer  of  stone  used  for  paving. 

Floor.     The  surface  or  platform  of  a  structure  on  which  we  walk. 

Foil.     A  leaf  or  very  thin  sheet  of  metal. 

Integument.  That  which  naturally  covers  another  thing.  See 
Cover. 

Lamina.     A  layer  or  coat  lying  over  another. 

Laminella  [L.].     A  small  layer. 

Layer.     A  single  thickness  of  anything. 

Leaf.     Something  like  a  leaf  in  being  wide  and  thin. 

Membrane.     A  thin  layer  or  fold  of  tissue. 

Nest  of  boxes.     A  set  of  boxes  fitting  one  into  another. 

Peel.     The  skin  or  rind. 

Pellicle.     A  thin  skin  or  film. 

Plank.  A  piece  of  sawed  timber,  comparatively  thin  in  proportion 
to  its  length  and  breadth. 

Plate.  A  flat  piece  of  metal,  the  thickness  of  which  is  small  in  com- 
parison with  the  other  dimensions. 

Platter.     A  large  plate  or  shallow  dish. 

Rasher.     A  thin  slice  of  bacon. 

Scale.     A  layer  or  leaf  of  metal  or  other  material. 

Scaliness.     The  condition  of  being  scaly. 

Shaving.     A  thin  slice  or  strip  pared  off  with  a  shave. 

Sheet.  A  broad,  thinly  expanded  portion  of  metal  or  other  sub- 
stance. 

Shi  ve.     A  thin  piece  or  fragment  of  anything. 

Slab.     A  thin  piece  of  anything,  especially  of  stone. 

Slice.     A  thin,  broad  piece  cut  off. 

Stage.     A  floor. 

Story.     A  floor  of  a  house. 

Stratification.     The  act  of  placing  in  layers. 

Stratum.     A  bed  of  earth  or  rock. 

Substratum.     A  layer  of  earth  underlying  another. 

Table.     A  broad  flat  surface. 

Tablet.     A  flat  surface. 

Trencher.     A  large  wooden  plate. 

Wafer.     A  thin  cake. 

Zone.     A  portion  of  a  surface  of  a  sphere. 

Lamina — Verbs. 
Coat.     Cover  with  a  layer. 

Cover.     Overlay  with  something.     See  Cover. 
Pare.     Cut  off  a  layer. 
Peel.     Strip  off  a  layer. 
Plate.     Cover  with  a  thin  layer. 

Shave.     Take  from  the  surface  by  paring  or  scraping. 
Slice.     Cut  into  thin  pieces. 
Veneer.     Cover  with  veneer. 

L  a  M I N  A  — A  djectivrs. 
Discoid.     Like  a  disk  in  form. 
Filmv.     Like  a  film. 


Band.     A  narrow  ligament  with  which  a  thing  is  encircled. 

Beard,  etc.     The  hair  that  grows  on  the  face  of  adult  males.     See 

Smoothness-Roughness. 
Capillament.     A  very  fine  filament  or  thread. 
Cilium  [L.fl.     A  slender  thread. 
Cord.     A  string  or  small  rope, 'com posed  of  several  strands  twisted 

together. 
Cotton.     A  soft  downy  substance  that  grows  in  long  fibers  on  the 

cotton  plant. 
Fascia  [L.|J.     A  band. 
Fiber.     A  very  fine  and  slender  thread. 
Filament.     A  hair-like  thread. 
Fillet.     A  little  band  used  to  encircle  the  head. 
Flax.     A  plant  whose  fiber  is  used  for  making  thread  and  cloth. 
Funicle.     A  small  cord  or  fiber. 
Gossamer.     A  thin,  filmy  substance,  like  cobwebs,  floating  in  the 

air. 
Hair.     The   collection   of  filaments  growing  from   the  skin  of  an 

animal. 
Hair-stroke.     A  fine  stroke. 
Hemp.      A  plant,  the  fibrous  bark  of  which  is  used  for  making  cloth 

and  cordage. 
Jute.     A  strong,  coarse  fiber  of  a  plant  used  for  making  mats,  cord- 
age, etc. 
Lath.     A  thin,  narrow  strip  of  wood. 
Line.     A  linen  thread  or  string;  a  more  or  less  threadlike  mark  of  a 

pen,  pencil,  etc. 
List.     A  strip  forming  the  woven  border  or  selvage  of  cloth. 
Oakum.     The   material  obtained   by  untwisting  and   picking  into 

loose  fibers  old  hemp  ropes. 
Pack-thread.     Strong  thread  or  small  twine  used  for  tying  parcels. 
Ramification.     A  small  branch  or  offshoot  proceeding  from  a  main 

stock. 
Riband.)    .  _,  ,       , 

Ribbon  i       narrow  strip  or  shred. 

Roll.     A  quantity  of  cloth  wound  into  a  cylindrical  form. 

Rope.     A   large,   stout  cord  made  of  strands  twisted  or  braided 

together. 
Sewing  silk.     Silk  thread. 

Shaving.     A  thin  slice  or  strip  pared  off  with  a  shave. 
Shiver.     One  of  the  small  pieces  or  splinters  into  which  a  brittle 

thing  is  broken. 
Shred.     A  long,  narrow  piece  cut  or  torn  off. 
Slip.     A  slender  piece  of  any  material. 
Spill.     A  slender  piece  of  anything. 
Splinter.     A  thin  piece  split  or  rent  off  lengthwise. 
String.     A  small  cord,  a  line,  or  twine. 
Strip.     A  narrow  piece  of  any  material. 
Tape.     A  narrow  fillet  or  band  of  cotton  or  linen. 
Tendril.     A  slender,  leafless  portion  of  a  plant  by  which  it  becomes 

attached  to  a  supporting  body. 
Twine.     A    small    thread    composed    of    smaller    threads    braided 

together. 
Twist.     A  closely  twisted,  strong  sewing  silk. 
Vein.     A  narrow  mass  of  rocks  intersecting  other  rocks. 
Whipcord.     A  kind  of  hard-twisted  or  braided  cord,  used  for  making 

whip-lashes. 
Wire.     A  thread  or  slender  rod  of  metal. 
Yarn.     Woolen  thread. 


LAMINA— FIBER. 


583 


LANGUAGE. 


LAMINA—  FIBER— Continued. 


LAMINA — Adjectives — Continued. 

Flaky.     Like  flakes. 
Foliaceous.     Like  a  leaf. 
Foliated .     Reduced  to  a  leaf. 
Lamellar,      i 

Lamellated.  >  Having  thin  plates. 
Laminated,  j 

Lamelliform.     Like  a  thin  plate  in  form. 
Laminiferous.     Bearing  laminae. 
Membranous.     Like  membrane. 
Micaceous.     Of  the  nature  of  mica. 
3c?ly.     With  a  covering  of  scales. 
Schistose.     Of  the  nature  of  schist. 
Schistous.     With  the  quality  of  being  schistose. 
Squamous.     Coated  with  scales. 
Stratified.     Arranged  in  strata. 
Stratiform.     Of  the  form  of  a  stratum. 
Tabular.     Of  the  nature  of  a  table. 


Fiber — Adjectives. 


Anguilliform.     Having  the  form  of  an  eel. 
Capillary.     Hair-like;  threadlike;  very  fine  and  slender 
Capilliform.     Formed  like  a  threar  or  filament. 
Fibrinous.     Pertaining  to  fibers. 
Fibrous.     Like  or  pertaining  to  a  fiber. 
Filaceous.     Consisting  of  threads. 
Filamentous.     Like  a  filament  or  thread. 
Filiform.     Formed  like  a  filament. 

Flagelliform.     Formed  like  a  flagellum,  long,  narrow,  and  slender. 
Funicular.     Consisting  of  or  pertaining  to  a  fiber. 
Hairy,    etc.     Covered    with    hairs;    like  hair.     See    Smoothness- 
Roughness. 
Ropy.     Having  the  capability  to  be  drawn  out  into  a  thread. 
Stringy.     Having  an  appearance  like  a  string. 
Threadlike.     Having  the  form  of  a  thread. 
Wire-drawn.     Drawn  out  into  a  wire. 
Wiry.     Thin  and  flexible,  like  a  wire. 


Iam'-i-na"-ted.     Laminar;  scaled.     Lamina-Fiber. 

lam"-i-nif'-er-ous.  Bearing  or  composed  of  laminae. 
Lamina-Fiber. 

Lam'-mas.     The  feast  of  Peter's  chains.     Ceremonial. 

lamp.  Any  device  for  furnishing  a  light ;  also,  one  for 
heating.  Luminary-Shade;  rub  the  lamp,  Devo- 
tion-Magic; safety  lamp,  Refuge-Pitfall;  smell 
of  the  lamp,  Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Sim- 
plicity-Floridness. 

lamp'-light"-er.  A  person  who  lights  lamps.  Activ- 
ity-Indolence. 

lam-poon'.  A  personal,  sarcastic,  and  malicious  pub- 
lication. Adulation-Disparagement,  Approval- 
Disapproval. 

lam-poon'-er.  One  who  lampoons.  Flatterer- 
Defamer. 

lana  caprina,  de  [L.]  (le'-na  cap-rai'-na,  di).  About 
goat's  wool.  [Something  non-existent.]  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance. 

la'-nate.     Woolly.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

la'-na"-ted.     Woolly.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

lance.  A  long  shaft  with  a  spear-head;  to  cut  open; 
to  pierce  with  a  lance.  Aperture-Closure,  Push- 
Pull,  Weapon;  break  a  lance  with,  Attack-De- 
fense, Fighting-Conciliation;  couch  one's  lance, 
Strife-Peace;  lance  corporal,  Chief-Underling. 

lan'-cer.  A  cavalry  soldier,  carrying  a  lance.  Bel- 
ligerent. 

lan'-cet.  A  surgical  instrument  with  small  sharp 
blades.     Perforator-Stopper,  Sharpness-Blunt- 

NESS. 

lan'-ci-nate.  To  shoot  through,  as  a  pain.  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

land.  The  exposed  surface  of  the  earth;  real  estate; 
to  come  or  bring  to  land.  Arrival-Departure, 
Ocean-Land,  Property;  how  the  land  lies,  Con- 
dition-Situation, Prevision,  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion, Trial;  hug  the  land,  Approach- With- 
drawal, Traveling-Navigation;  in  the  land  of 
the  living,  Life-Death;  land  covered  with  water, 
Gulf-Plain;  land  flowing  with  milk  and  honey, 
Fertility-Sterility,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness;  make  the  land,  Approach-Withdrawal;  on 
land,  Ocean-Land;  see  land,  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness. 

lan'-dam-man.  The  president  of  the  Swiss  republic. 
Chief-Underling. 

lan'-dau.  A  two-seated  carriage  with  movable  top. 
Conveyance- Vessel. 

land'-ed.  Having  an  estate  in  land;  consisting  in 
land.  Ocean-Land,  Property;  landed  estate, 
Property;  landed  gentry,  Holder. 

land'-grave".  A  title  of  nobility  in  the  old  German 
empire.     Chief-Underling. 

land'-hold"-er.     A  landowner.     Holder. 


land'-ing.  The  act  of  going  or  placing  ashore;  a  wharf; 
the  head  of  a  staircase,  or  a  platform  in  it.  Arrival- 
Departure,  Suspension-Support. 

land'-ing-place".  A  wharf;  head  of  a  stairs.  Arrival- 
Departure,  Suspension-Support. 

land'-ing-stage".  A  float.  Arrival-Departure 
Suspension-Support. 

land'-la"-dy.  A  woman  who  keeps  an  inn  or  boarding 
place.     Holder. 

land'-locked" .  Well  surrounded  and  protected  by  land. 
Confinement. 

land'-lo"-per.     A  vagabond.     Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

land'-lord.  An  innkeeper;  one  who  owns  and  lets 
land.     Holder. 

land'-lub"-ber.     A  raw  sailor.     Adept-Bungler. 

land'-mark".  A  fixed  mark  serving  as  a  boundary 
mark;  a  distinguishing  fact,  event,  era,  or  limit 
Boundary,  Mensuration,  Sign. 

land'-own"-er.     One  who  owns  real  estate.     Holder. 

land'-reeve".     An  assistant  land-steward.     Manager. 

land'-scape.  A  stretch  of  country.  Appearance- 
Disappearance,  Painting;  landscape  gardening, 
Beauty-Ugliness,  Domestication-Agriculture  ; 
landscape  painting,  Painting;  landscape  painter, 
Artist. 

land'-shark".     A  land-grabber.     Robber. 

land'-slip".  The  slipping  of  a  mass  of  earth  to  a  lower 
level.     Ascent-Descent. 

lands'-man.     One  who  lives  on  land.     Ocean-Land. 

landsturm  [G.]  (lant'-sturm").  A  general  levy  in  time 
of  war.     Belligerent. 

land'-sur-vey"-ing.  The  locating  of  boundaries,  areas, 
etc.,  of  tracts  of  lands.     Mensuration. 

land'-sur-vey"-or.     A  land-measurer.     Mensuration. 

landwehr  [G]  (lant'-ver") .  An  emergency  militia  ot 
Germany  and  certain  other  countries.  Bellig- 
erent. 

lane.  A  narrow  way  or  path.  Dweller-Habitation, 
Way. 

lan'-grage  shot.     A  langrel.     Weapon. 

lan'-grel.  A  missile  used  to  destroy  the  enemy's  rig- 
ging.    Weapon. 

lang'-syne'.     Happy  days  gone  by.     Future-Past. 

lan'-guage.  Speech.  Language;  command  of  lan- 
guage, Force-Weakness,  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness, Style;  murder  the  language,  Speech-Inar- 
ticulateness; strong  language,  Charitableness- 
Curse,  Force-Weakness. 

LANGUAGE. 

Babel,     The  tower  at  whose  building  there  was  confusion  of  tongues; 

hence,  confused  speech. 
Dialect.      The  form  of  speech  of  a  limited  region  of  people. 
Household  words.      Speech  used  most  frequently  in  ordinary  con. 

versation. 


LANGUAGE. 


584 


L.u:i.;j. 


King's  English.     Correct  or  current  language  of  good  speakers. 
Language.     A  means  of  expressing  ideas. 

Lingo.     Language  rendered  slightly  unintelligible  by  peculiar  ex- 
pression. 
Mother  tongue.     The  language  of  one's  native  land. 
Native  tongue.     The  language  bom  "ith  one. 

Pantomime.     A  dramatic  representation  in  mute  actions.     See  Sign. 
Pasigraphy.     A  universal  sign  language. 
Phraseology.     Manner  of  expression.     See  Style. 
Queen's  English.     Correct  English. 
Speech.     A  particular  language  as  distinct  from  others. 
Tongue.     A  language. 

Vernacular.     The  common  form  of  expression  in  a  particular  locality. 
Vulgar  tongue.     The  language  of  the  common  people. 

Language — Literary  Terms. 

Belles-lettres.     Polite  or  elegant  literature. 

Classics.  Literary  works  regarded  as  models;  particularly  those  of 
ancient  Greece  and  Rome. 

Dead  languages.  Languages  no  longer  in  use  except  as  models  for 
study. 

Genius  of  a  language.     The  peculiar  character  of  a  language. 

Humanities.     Collectively  the  branches  of  classical  literature. 

Letters.     Literary  culture. 

Literts  humaniores  [L.|      Polite  literature. 

Literature.     Written  appointed  works. 

Muses.     The  mythical  goddesses  of  literary  pursuits. 

Polite  literature.     Refined  literature. 

Republic  of  letters.     The  collective  body  of  literary  men. 

Scholarship,  etc.  A  scholar's  mental  attainments.  See  Knowl- 
edge. 

Language — Scientific  Terms. 

Chrestomathy.     Extracts  compiled  for  instruction  in  a  language. 
Comparative  grammar.     Comparison  of  the  grammatical  forms  of 

different  languages. 
Glossology.!  Study   of    the    phenomena   and    classification   of   lan- 
Glottology.  >      guages. 

Linguist.     One  learned  in  different  languages.     See  Scholar. 
Linguistics.     Comparative  study  of  languages 
Onomatopoeia  [Gr.|.     The  formation  of  words  by  imitation  of  natural 

sounds. 
Paleography.     The  study  of  ancient  manuscripts. 
Paleology.     The  study  of  antiquities. 
Philology.     The  historical  and  literary  study  of  language. 

Language — Verbs. 
Express  by  words,  etc.     See  Phrases. 

Language — Adjectives. 
Current.     Passing  from  mouth  to  mouth. 
Dialectic.     Pertaining  to  a  dialect. 
Lingual.     Pertaining  to  the  tongue  in  speech. 
Linguistic.     Pertaining  to  language. 
Literary.     Pertaining  to  literature. 
Polyglot.     Expressed  in  many  languages. 
Vernacular.     Belonging  to  one's  native  land. 

Language — Phrases. 
Belles-lettres  [F.].     Beautiful  letters;  polite  literature. 
Genius  of  a  language.     The  dominant  influence  of  a  language. 
Literal  humaniores    [L.|.      Studies  especially  adapted  to  humanize; 

polite  literature. 
Polite  literature.     Highly  finished,  elegant  literature. 
Republic  of  letters.     The  whole  community  of  those  devoted  to 

literature. 

lan'-guid.  Devoid  of  energy;  listless.  Activity- 
Indolence,  Force -Weakness,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy,  Strength-Weakness,  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness. 

lan'-guish.  To  lose  strength  or  animation ;  to  fall  off; 
to  fade;  to  affect  sentimental  tenderness.  Activity- 
Indolence,  Health -Sickness,  Increase -De- 
crease, Pleasure- Pain,  Strength  -  Weakness; 
languish  for,  Desire-Distaste. 

lan'-guish-ing.     Failing.     Strength-Weakness. 

lan'-guish- ment.  The  condition  of  drooping  or  pining. 
Jubilation-Lamentation. 

lan'-guor.  Dulness  or  heaviness;  languidness;  inert- 
ness; lassitude  of  body.  Activity-Indolence, 
Strength-Weakness,  Swiftness-Slowness, Vigor- 
Inertia. 


lank.     Lean.     Breadth-Narrowness. 

lank'-y.  Tall;  somewhat  shrunken.  Breadth-Nar- 
rowness, Height-Lowness. 

lan'-tern.  A  transparent  or  translucent  case,  enclosing 
a  lamp  or  light.  Luminary-Shade;  lantern  jaws, 
Breadth-Narrowness;  lantern  of  Diogenes,  Inves- 
tigation-Answer; magic  lantern,  Appearance- 
Disappearance,  Sight-Dimsightedness. 

lanterne ,  a  la  [F.]  (Ian-tern,  a  la).  To  the  lamp-post; 
hang  him.     Recompense-Punition. 

lan'-tern-jawed".  Having  a  thin  visage.  Breadth- 
Narrowness. 

la-nu'-gi-nose".\  Woolly     or    downy.       Smoothness- 

la-nu'-gi-nous.    )      Roughness. 

La-oc'-o-on.  A  statue  representing  the  death  of  the 
Trojan  priest  Laocoon  and  his  two  sons.    Sculpture. 

lap.  To  wrap  around;  to  overlap;  to  lick  up;  to 
ripple  against;  the  front  surface  of  the  thighs;  a 
place  of  supporting;  part  of  the  dress  covering 
the  lap.  Center,  Confinement,  Dress-Undress, 
Dweller -Habitation,  Environment- Interposi- 
tion, Nutriment -Excretion,  Suspension -Sup- 
port; lap  of  luxury,  Activity-Indolence,  Mod- 
eration-Selfindulgence,  Sensuality-Suffering; 
lap  up,  Dress-Undress. 

lap'-dog".  A  small  dog  fondled  in  the  lap;  an  obse- 
quious person.  Fauna-Flora,  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness. 

la-pel'.  Part  of  a  garment  which  is  made  to  turn  back 
or  fold  over.     Plicature. 

lap'-i-date .  To  cut  and  polish  precious  stones;  to 
stone.  Attack-Defense,  Life-Killing,  Recom- 
pense-Punition. 

lapidem,  omnem  movere  [L.]  (lap'-id-em,  om'-nem 
mo-vi'-ri).  To  leave  no  stone  unturned.  En- 
tirety-Deficiency. 

lap"-i-des'-cence.  A  hardening  into  stone.  Hard- 
ness-Softness. 

la-pid"-i-fi-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  becoming  stone,  or 
like  stone.     Hardness-Softness. 

lapis  lazuli  [L.]  (le'-pis  laz'-yu-lai).  A  rich  blue  com- 
plex mixture  of  minerals.  Blueness-Orange,  Em- 
bellishment-Disfigurement. 

lap'-pet.  A  small  flap  used  for  ornamenting  a  head- 
dress or  garment.     Increment-Remnant. 

lapse.  To  slip;  to  slip  away;  to  become  void;  to  de- 
viate from  rectitude ;  imperceptible  movement ;  a  mis- 
take through  lack  of  care  or  attention.  Ascent-De- 
scent, Betterment-Deterioration,  Conversion, 
Future-Past,  Gain-Loss,  Innocence-Guilt,  Pe- 
riod-Progress, Renovation-Relapse,  Virtue- 
Vice;  lapse  of  memory,  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness;   lapse  of  time,  Period-Progress. 

lapsed.     Fallen;   passed  away.     Future-Past. 

lapsus  lingua  [L.]  (lap'-sus  lin'-gwi).  A  slip  of  the 
tongue.  Grammar-Solecism,  Speech-Inarticu- 
lateness, Truth-Error. 

lapt.     Wrapped  around.     Confinement. 

La-pu'-ta.  In  Gulliver' s  Travels,  a  flying  island  peopled 
with  philosophers.  College  of  Laputa,  Education- 
Misteaching. 

lar'-board.   The  left-hand  side  of  a  vessel.    Right-Left. 

lar'-ce-ny.     Theft.     Theft. 

lard.  The  semisolid  oil  of  hog's  fat.  Pulpiness-Oili 
ness. 

lar-da'-ceous.  Of  the  nature  of  lard;  fatty.  Pui.piness- 
Oiliness. 

lar'-der.  Pantry.  Store  ;  contents  of  the  larder,  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion. 

Lares  el  Penates  [L.]  (le'-riz  et  pen-e'-tiz).  Household 
gods.     Devotion-Idolatry,  Dweller-Habitation. 

large.  Great;  extensive.  Greatness-Littleness, 
Magnitude-Smallness;  at  large,  Liberty-Subjec- 
tion, Tersensss-Prolixity;   become  large,  Great- 


LARGE. 


586 


LASTINGNESS— TRANSIENTNESS. 


ness-Littleness;  large  as  life,  Greatness-Little- 
ness; large  number,  Multiplicity-Paucity;  large 
type,  Consequence-Insignificance. 

large'-heart"-ed.  Sympathetic;  generous.  Charita- 
bleness -  Malevolence,  Generosity  -  Frugality, 
Humanitarianism-Misanthropy,  Unselfishness- 
Selfishness. 

large'-ness.     Bigness.     Greatness-Littleness. 

larg'-er.    Greater.    Enlargement-Diminution. 

larg"-ess.    Bounty  bestowed.    Giving-Receiving. 

larg'-est.  Greatest.  Largest  portion,  Greatness-Lit- 
tleness. 

larghetto  [It.]  (lar-get'-to).  Slow:  a  direction  to  a  mu- 
sician.   Music,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

lar-gil'-o-quent.  Pompous;  grandiloquent.  Talkative- 
ness-Taciturnity, Terseness-Prolixity. 

largiri  de  alieno,  facile  [L.]  (lar-jai'-rai  dia-li-i'-no,  fas'- 
i-li).  It  is  easy  to  be  lavish  with  what  is  not  your 
own.    Extravagance-Avarice. 

largo  [It.]  (lar'-go).  Agravepiece.  Music,  Swiftness- 
Slowness. 

lark.  A  singing  bird;  a  frolic.  Ascent-Descent,  En- 
tertainment-Weariness; with  the  lark,  Morning- 
Evening. 

larmes  aux  yeux  [F.]  (larm  zoz  yu).  Tears  in  the  eyes. 
Jubilation-Lamentation. 

larmes,  jondre  en  [F.]  (larm,  fondran).  To  burst  into 
tears.    Jubilation-Lamentation. 

larmoyante,  comidie  [F.]  (lar-mwa-ycuvt',  co-me-di'). 
Pathetic  comedy.     Acting. 

lar'-rup.     To  thrash.     Recompense-Punition. 

lar'-um.     An  alarm.     Alarm,  Loudness-Faintness. 

lar'-va.  An  insect  in  the  caterpillar,  or  grub  state. 
Biology,  Infant-Veteran. 

lar'-ynx.  The  special  organ  of  voice.  Watercourse- 
Airpipe. 

lasciate  ogni  speranza  [It.]  (las-cha'-te  ony'-i  sp6r-an'- 
tsa).    All  hope  abandon.    Sanguineness-Hopeless- 

NESS. 

las-civ'-i-en-cy.    Lewdness.    Purity-Impurity. 

las-civ'-i-ous.    Lustful.    Purity-Impurity. 

lash.    To  scourge;  to  dash  against ;  to  berate;  a  whip; 


a  stroke  with  a  whip ;  a  sarcastic  fling;  to  tic  together. 
Approval-Disapproval,  Motive-Caprice.  Recom- 
pense-Punition, Recompense-Scourge,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness, Union-Disunion;  lash  into  fury, 
Excitation,  Favorite-Anger,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness; lash  the  waves,  Usefulness-Uselessness; 
under  the  lash,  Coercion,  Liberty-Subjection. 

lass.   A  young  woman.    Infant- Veteran. 

las'-sie.     A  little  lass.     Infant-Veteran. 

las'-si-tude.  Languor;  debility.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Weariness-Refreshment. 

las'-so.  A  long  line  with  running  noose;  to  capture 
with  a  lasso.     Circle-Winding,  Connective. 

last.  Final;  to  endure;  to  hold  out;  most  remote  from ; 
utmost ;  a  wooden  form ,  on  which  to  make  a  boot  or 
shoe.  Beginning-End,  Copy-Model,  Duration- 
Neverness,  Future -Past,  Lastingness -Tran- 
sientness,  Mutation-Permanence;  at  last,  Begin- 
ning-End, Earliness- Lateness;  at  the  last  extrem- 
ity, Security-Insecurity;  breathe  one's  last,  Life- 
Death;  die  in  the  last  ditch,  Persistence- Whim; 
game  to  the  last,  Persistence-Whim  ;  go  to  one's  last 
home,  Life-Death;  last  but  one,  Beginning-End; 
last  finish,  Completion-Noncompletion;  last  for- 
ever, Eternity-Instantaneity;  last  gasp,  Life- 
Death,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  last  resort, 
Refuge-Pitfall,  Volition-Obligation;  last  shift, 
Volition-Obligation;  last  sleep,  Life-Death;  last 
stage,  Beginning-End;  last  straw  that  breaks  the 
camel's  back,  Cause-Effect;  last  stroke,  Comple- 
tion-Noncompletion ;  last  syllable  of  recorded  time, 
Eternity-Instantaneity;  last  touch,  Completion- 
Noncompletion;  last  word,  Assertion -Denial, 
Bigotry-Apostasy;  last  year,  etc.,  Future-Past; 
never  hear  the  last  of,  Recurrence;  on  last 
legs,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Life-Death, 
Strength-Weakness,  Weariness-Refreshment, 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

last'-ing.  Durable.  Lasting*iess-Transientness; 
lasting  friendship,  Amity-Hostility. 

last'-ing-ness.        Durableness.        Lastingness-Tran- 

SIENTNiiSS. 


LASTINGNESS— TRANSIENTNESS. 


A  century.   A  period  of  100  years. 

A  length  of  time. }  c^^^  duration. 

A  long  time.         ) 

An  age.    A  long  time. 

An  eternity.    Infinite  duration. 

Continuance.    Duration;  repetition  of  the  same. 

Delay.     See  Earliness-Latbness. 

Distance  of  time.    Time  long  past. 

Diuturnity.    Lastingness. 

Durability.    Power  to  remain  the  same  for  a  long  time. 

Durableness.    Quality  of  preventing  decay. 

Extension  of  time.    A  making  to  continue  during  a  longer  time. 

Lastingness.    Quality  of  continuing  or  remaining  a  long  time. 

Longevity*  etc.    Long  duration  of  life.    See  Infancy-Age. 

Permanence.    See  Stability. 

Perpetuity.    See  Eternity. 

Persistence.    Continuing  in  the  same  line. 

Prolongation.    Extending  the  time;  lengthening. 

Protraction.    Drawing  out  the  time  beyond  the  time  set. 

Slowness.    Long  duration.    See  Swiftness-Slowness. 

Standing.    Long  continuance. 

Survival.      )  Living  or  continuing  longer  than  another  person,  thing, 

Survivance. >       or  event. 

Lastingness — Verbs. 

Abide.    Stay;  remain;  tarry. 

Brave  a  thousand  years.  To  face  a  millennium.  "Has  braved  a  thou- 
sand years  the  battle  and  the  breeze."  [Campbell,  Ye  Mariners 
of  England.] 

Continue.    To  be  permanent;  persist. 

Drag  a  lengthening  chain.  Drawing  something  increasing  in  weight. 
[Goldsmith,  The  Traveler,  7.8 

Drag  its  slow  length  along.    Draw  along  with  difficulty  like  a  snail. 


Caducity.    Tendency  to  fall:  feebleness  of  old  age. 

Changeableness.    See  Mutability. 

Evanescence.    The  state  or  act  of  vanishing  away. 

Fugacity.    Tendency  to  last  but  a  short  time. 

Impermanence.    Want  of  lastingness. 

Interchange.    Alternate  succession. 

Mortality.    Subjection  to  death  or  the  necessity  of  dying. 

Suddenness.    See  Instantaneity. 

Transientness.    See  Adjectives. 

Transientness — Associated  Nouns. 

Bubble.  A  thin  film  of  liquid  inflated  with  air  or  gas;  anything  want- 
ing firmness  or  solidity. 

Interregnum.  The  time  during  which  a  throne  is  vacant  between  the 
death  or  abdication  of  a  sovereign  and  the  accession  of  his  suc- 
cessor. 

May-fly.    An  insect  which  appears  in  May. 

Nine  days*  wonder.  Anything  exciting  wonder  or  admiration  for  a 
short  time. 

Span.    A  small  space  or  brief  portion  of  time. 

Spurt.    An  increased  exertion  for  a  brief  space. 

Temporary  arrangement.    An  arrangement  for  a  short  time. 

Velocity.    Quickness  of  motion.    See  Swiftness. 

Transientness — Verbs. 

Evaporate.    Disappear;  pass  away. 
Fade.    To  lose  vitality;  freshness. 
Flit.    To  pass  over  rapidly. 
Fly.    To  move  quickly;  hasten. 
Gallop.    To  hurry,  like  a  horse. 
Vanish.     Disappear. 


LASTINGNESS— TRANSIENTNESS. 


586 


LATERALITY— CONTRAPOSITION. 


LASTINGNESS— TRANSIENTNESS— Continued. 


LASTINGNESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Dragon.    Pull  along;  trail. 

Draw  out.    Lengthen;  prolong. 

Eke  out.     To  piece  out;  obtain  with  difficulty. 

Endure.    To  continue;  be  firm. 

Gain  time.    Improve;  progress;  take  a  nearer  course. 

Lengthen  out.    Stretch;  extend;  prolong. 

Live  to  fight  again.    Survive;  be  victorious. 

Outlast.    Surpass;  excel. 

Outlive.    Endure  longer;  last  longer  than. 

Prolong.    See  Nouns. 

Protract.    To  draw  out  beyond  the  time  set 

Remain.    Leftover;  continue. 

Stand.    To  last;  to  endure;  unchanged. 

Survive.    Outlive;  outlast;  exist. 

Tarry.   Abide;  stay;  remain.    See  Lateness. 

Temporize.    To  procrastinate;  delay;  time-serving. 

Talk  against  time.    Fill  in  a  period  with  nothing  to  say. 

Lastingness — Adjectives. 
Abiding.    Continuing. 
Chronic.    Lingering;  lasting. 
Diuturnal.    See  Nouns. 
Evergreen.    Always  green;  fresh. 
Intransient.    Remaining;  permanent. 
Intransitive.    Not  passing  over;  constant. 
Intransmutable.    Unchangeable. 
Lasting.    Enduring;  perpetual. 
Life-long.     Lasting  for  life. 
Lingering.     Protracted. 
Livelong.     Entire. 

L^ng-Uved.  \  CaPable  of  K  ™*  ian^- 

Long-pending.     Lingering. 

Long-standing.     Enduring. 

Long-winded.     Prolonged. 

Macrobiotic.    Long-lived. 

Perennial.    Unfailing;  unceasing. 

Permanent.    See  sub  Nouns. 

Perpetual.    See  Eternity. 

Prolonged.    See  Nouns. 

Protracted.    See  Nouns. 

Slow.    See  Slowness. 

Spun  out.    Greatly  extended. 

Lastingness — Adverbial  Phrases. 

All  the  day  long;  all  the  year  round ;  as  the  day  is  long;  day  after  day; 
forages;  for  a  long  time ;  for  an  age;  for  ever  so  long;  for  good;  for 
many  a  long  day;  hour  after  hour;  long  ago  (see  Past);  longo  in- 
tervallo  [L.\.  by  or  with  a  long  interval;  morning,  noon,  and  night; 
permanently;  the  livelong  day. 


TRANSIENTNESS— Phrases— Continued  from  Column  2. 

One's  days  are  numbered. 

Sic  transit  gloria  mundi  [L.J.     Thus  the  glory  of  this  world  passeth 

away. 
The  time  is  up. 


Transibntness— Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  transient;    pass  away;    pass  away  like  a  cloud;   pass  away  like  a 
dream;  pass  away  like  a  shadow;  pass  away  like  a  summer  cloud. 

Transibntness — Adjectives. 

Brief.    Short;  transitory. 
Brisk.    Quick;  lively;  active. 
Cursory.    Hasty;  desultory. 
Deciduous.    Falling  off;  shedding  yearly. 
Ephemeral.    Beginning  and  ending  in  a  day. 
Evanescent.    See  Nouns. 

Extemporaneous.    On  the  spur  of  the  moment;  impromptu. 
Fleeting.    Swift;  rapid;  quick. 
Flying.    To  pass  through  the  air,  as  a  bird. 
Fugacious.    Transitory;  temporary;  tendency  to  flee. 
Fugitive.    Escape  by  stealth;  especially,  from  justice. 
Impermanent.    Not  lasting;  changeable;  unstable. 
Momentary.    See  Eternity-Instantaneity. 
Mortal.    See  Nouns. 

Passing.    Relating  to  the  act  of  passing  or  going. 
Perishable.    Subject  to  decay. 
Precarious.    Uncertain;  risky. 
Pressed  for  time.    See  Hurry. 

Provisional.    Suited  for  the  time  being;  set  up  for  the  pre  ent. 
Provisory.    Conditional;  dependent. 
Quick.    Speedy;  swift;  hasty;  alive. 
Shifting.    Moving  from  place  to  place. 
Short-lived.    Of  short  duration. 
Slippery.    Liable  to  fall  away. 
Spasmodic.    Impulsive;  transitory. 
Sudden.     Quickly;  unexpected. 
Summary.    Rapidly  performed. 
Temporal.    Pertaining  to  the  present. 
Temporary.    Limited;  not  permanent. 

Transient.      Passing  before  the  sight  or  perception  and  then  disap- 
pearing. 
Transitive.    Not  lasting  or  durable. 
Transitory.    Continuing  only  for  a  short  time. 

Transientness — Adverbs. 
A  while.    For  a  short  time. 
Briefly.    Quickly. 
Pro  tempore  [LJJ.    For  a  time. 
Temporarily.    For  the  time  being. 

Transientness — Adverbial  Expressions. 
At  short  notice    en  passant  [F.fl,  in  passing;  for  a  time;  for  the  mo- 
ment; in  articulo  [L.f,  instantly;  in  a  short  time;  in  transitu  [L.j,  in 
passing;  on  the  eve  of;  on  the  point  of . 

Transientness — Phrases. 
Dum  loquimur  jugerit  invidia  cetas  [L.|.    While  we  talk  envious  life* 

time  has  been  flying. 
Eheu  I  fugaces  labuntur  anni  [L.fl.    Alas!  the  fleeting  years  flow  by. 
Fugit  hora  [L.|J.    The  hour  flies. 
Here  to-day  and  gone  to-morrow.      Ephemeral. 
Non  semper  erit  &stas  [h  J.    Time  will  not  aways  be. 
(Continued  on  Column  1.) 


latch.  To  fasten  with  a  latch;  a  catch  for  a  door  or 
other  hinged  covering.  Connective,  Union-Dis- 
union. 

latch'-et.    The  string  that  fastens  a  shoe.    Connective. 

latch'-key".  A  key  for  a  spring-lock.  Instrumentality. 

late.  Tardy;  recent;  recently  deceased;  after  delay; 
recently.  Earliness-Lateness,  Future-Past, 
Life-Death,  Novelty-Antiquity;  late  in  the  day, 
Earliness-Lateness;  too  late,  Opportuneness- 
Unsuitableness. 

Jate'-ly.  Not  long  ago.  Future-Past,  Novelty-An- 
tiquity. 

la'-ten-cy.    The  state  of  being  latent.     Clearness-Ob- 


scurity, Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency, Tidings-Mystery,  Vigor-Inertia, 
Visibility-Invisibility. 

late'-ness.    State  of  being  late.    Earliness-Lateness. 

la'-tent.  Hidden;  dormant;  having  potential  activity. 
Clearness-Obscurity,  Manifestation-Latency, 
Vigor-Inertia. 

la'-ter.  At  a  subsequent  time.  Antecedence-Se- 
quence. 

lat'-er-al.  Pertaining  to,  or  proceeding  from,  a  side. 
Laterality-Contraposition. 

lat"-er-al'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  lateral,  or  having 
sides.    Laterality-Contraposition. 


LATERALITY-CONTRAPOSITION. 


Laterality.     The  state  of  being  lateral  or  having  sides. 

Laterality — Associated  Nouns. 
Broadside.     The  side  of  a  ship  above  the  water-line,  from  the  bow  to 
the  quarter. 


Contraposition.    Opposite  position. 

Counterpart.    Anything  exactly  like  another;  facsimile. 

Polarity.    The  quality  of  having  opposite  sides. 


LATERALITY. 


587 


LATITAT. 


LATERALITY— CONTRAPOSITION— Continued, 


The  side  sheltered  from  the  wind. 


LATERALITY — Associated  Nouns — Continued. 

Cheek.     The  side  of  the  face  below  the  eye. 

East.     The  direction  toward  the  rising  sun. 

Flank.     The  muscular  part  of  the  side  of  an  animal. 

Gable.     The  vertical  triangular  portion  of  the  end  of  a  building, 

from  the  level  of  the  cornice  to  the  ridge  of  the  roof. 
Gable-end.     See  Gable. 
Hand.     Direction,  either  right  or  left. 
Haunch.     The  hip  or  hind  part. 
Hip.     The  projecting  region  of  the  lateral  parts  of  the  leg. 

jowi.!Thecheek* 

Lee.        \  , 

LeesideJ 

Levant.     The  East. 

Loin.     That  part  of  a  human  being  which  extends  between  the  hip- 
bone and  the  false  ribs. 

Orient.     The  East. 

Orientation.     Determination  of  the  east  point  of  the  compass. 

Parietes.     The  sides  of  the  human  body. 

Points  of  the  compass.     The  thirty-two  points  of  division  on  the 
compass  card  of  the  mariner's  compass. 

Profile.     A  human  head  represented  sidewise. 

Quarter.     One  limb  of  a  quadruped  with  the  adjacent  parts. 

Side.     One  of  the  halves  of  the  body. 

Temple.     The  part  on  either  side  of  the  head  back  of  the  eyes  and 
forehead. 

West.     The  direction  toward  the  setting  sun. 

Wing.     One  of  the  two  anterior  limbs  of  a  bird. 
Laterality — Verbs. 

Be  on  one  side,  etc.     See  Adverbs. 

Flank.     Be  on  the  side  of. 

Outflank.     Go  round  the  side  of. 

Sidle.     Put  oneself  on  the  side  of. 

Skirt.     Be  on  or  move  along  a  side. 

Laterality — Adjectives. 

Bilateral.     Having  two  sides. 

Collateral.     Being  alongside. 

Eastern.     Toward  the  east. 

Flanked.     Having  a  pair  of  flanches. 

Flanking.     Posted  on  the  side. 

Hesperian.     Of  the  west. 

Lateral.     On  a  side. 

Levantine.     Of  the  east. 

Many-sided.  1  TT  ., 

Multilateral.  I  Having  many  ades- 

Occidental .     Western. 

Orient.     !«     . 

~  .     .  ,   ,  Eastern. 

Oriental.  * 

Parietal.     Pertaining  to  a  wall. 

Quadrilateral.     Having  four  sides 

Sideling.     With  a  sidelong  position. 

Sidelong.     Tending  to  one  side. 

Skirting.     Being  on  a  side  or  border. 

Trilateral.     Having  three  sides. 

Western.     Toward  the  west. 

Laterality — Adverbs. 
Abreast.     Breast  to  breast. 
Alongside.     Close  to  the  side. 


Contraposition — Associated  Nouns. 

Antipodes.     The  country  of  those  who  live  on  the  opposite  side  ot 

the  globe. 
Inverse.     That  which  is  opposite  in  order,  relation,  or  effect.     Se« 

Adjectives. 
Inversion.    The  act  of  placing  opposite.    See  Reversal. 
North  and  south.    Two  opposite  points  of  direction. 
Opposite  poles.    Two  points  opposite  to  each  other. 
Opposite  sides.    Sides  placed  over  against. 
Opposition.    The  state  of  being  placed  over  against. 
Reverse.    That  which  is  directly  opposite. 

Contraposition — Verbs. 

Be  opposite,  etc.    See  Adjectives. 
Subtend.    To  extend  opposite  to. 

Contraposition — Adjectives. 

Antarctic.    Pertaining  to  the  south. 

Antipodal.    On  the  opposite  side  of  the  earth. 

Arctic.        Northern. 

Austral.    Southern. 

Boreal.     Northern. 

Diametrically  opposite.     Extremely  opposed. 

F       t        1  ^tn  tne  ^ace  or  front  *n  a  given  direction. 

Inverse.    Opposite  in  order. 

Northern.    Toward  the  north. 

Opposite.    In  front  of. 

Reverse.    Turned  backward. 

Septentrional.    To  the  north. 

Southern.    Toward  the  south. 

Subcontrary.    Somewhat  contrary. 

Contraposition — Adverbs, 
Against.    Opposite. 

As  poles  asunder.    Opposite  as  far  as  the  poles. 
Face  to  face.    Directly  opposite. 
Over.    From  one  side. 
Over  against.    In  front  of. 
Over  the  way.    Across. 
Vis-a-vis  [F.].    Visage  to  visage ;  face  to  face. 


LATERALITY— Adverbs— Continued. 

Aside.     On  one  side. 

Beside.     Close  by. 

Broadside  on.     With  the  broadside  presented. 

By.     Alongside. 

By  the  side  of.     Near. 

Cheek  by  jowl.     With  cheeks  close. 

Laterally.     Sidewise. 

On  her  beam  ends.     Tilted  sidewise,  as  of  a  ship. 

On  one  side.     One-sidedly. 

Right  and  left.     In  every  direction. 

Side  by  side.     With  sides  close  or  touching. 

0.,         **  r  In  a  lateral  direction. 
Sideways.  I 

To  leeward.     In  the  direction  the  wind  blows. 

To  windward.     In  the  direction  from  which  the  wind  blows. 


lat'-er-al-ly.    Toward  the  side;  sidewise.    Laterality- 

CONTRAPOSITIQN. 

lat"-e-ri'-ceous.  Resembling  brick.  Redness-Green- 
ness. 

lateat  scintillula  forsan  [L.]  (le'-ti-at  sin-til'-lu-la  for'- 
san).     A  little  spark  may  perhaps  be  hidden.     San- 

GUINENESS-HOPELESSNESS. 

lateritiam,  urbem  .  .  .  invenit.  marmoream  rehquit  [L.]. 
(ur'-bem  lat-er-i'-shi-am  in-vi'-nit,  mar-mo'-re-am 
ri-lai'-quit) .  He  found  the  city  brick,  he  left  it 
marble.    Betterment-Deterioration. 

latet  anguis  in  herbd  [L.]  (le'-tet  an'-gwis  in  her'-ba). 
There  lurks  a  snake  in  the  grass.    Refuge-Pitfall. 

late'-ward.  Somewhat  late;  backward.  Earliness- 
Lateness. 

lath.  A  thin  strip  of  wood.  Lamina-Fiber;  thin  as  a 
lath,  Breadth-Narrowness. 


lathe'.  A  machine  by  which  wood  and  other  materials 
are  rounded.    Instrument. 

lath'-er.  Foam  or  froth  made  by  soap  moistened  with 
water;  to  cover  with  foam  of  soap.  Friction-Lubri- 
cation, VlSCIDITY-FoAM. 

Lat'-in.  The  language  of  the  Romans.  Thieves'  Latin, 
Word-Neology. 

Latin,  au  bout  de  son  [F.]  (la-tan'',  o  bu  de  son*).  At 
the  end  of  his  Latin.    Difficulty-Facility. 

Latin,  perdre  son  [F.]  (la-tan*',  perdr  son*).  To  be  at 
one's  wits'  end.    Difficulty-Facility. 

lat'-i-tan-cy.  The  act  of  lurking,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 

lat'-i-tat.  A  writ  by  which  a  person  is  summoned  to  the 
King's  Bench  to  answer,  as  supposing  he  lies  con- 
cealed.   Litigation. 


LATITATION. 


(88 


LAW— LAWLESSNESS. 


lat"-i-ta'-tion.  The  act  of  lurking.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 

lat'-i-tude.  Distance  on  the  earth's  surface  from  the 
equator;  the  distance  of  a  heavenly  body  from  the 
ecliptic;  laxity;  comprehensiveness.  Breadth-Nar- 
rowness, Extension-District,  Extension-Inex- 
tension,  Liberty-Subjection,  Mensuration;  lati- 
tude and  longitude,  Mensuration,  Position. 

lat"-i-tu"-di-na'-ri-an.  Broad  in  scope;  tolerance; 
somewhat  unorthodox.  Godliness- Disbelief, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

la"-ti-tu"-di-na'-ri-an-ism.  Freedom  of  thought.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

la'-trant.    Barking.    Cry-Ululation. 

la-tra'-tion.    Barking.    Cry-Ululation. 

la-tri'-a.  That  supreme  worship  given  to  God  alone. 
Devotion-Idolatry. 

la-trine'.  A  privy  or  water-closet.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness. 

lat'-ro-ci-ny.    Robbery.   Theft. 

lat'-ter.  Of  more  recent  date;  modern.  Future-Past, 
Precedence-Succession. 

Lat'-ter-day"  Saints.  The  Mormons.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

lat'-ter-ly.     Recently.     Novelty-Antic,  "jity. 

lat'-tice.  Wooden  or  metal  open-work,  formed  by 
crossing  strips  or  bars.  Aperture-Closure,  Cross- 
ing; lattice  window,  Architecture. 

lat'-tice-work".  Work  formed  of  cross-strips.  Archi- 
tecture. 

latuit  bene  vixit,  bene  qui  [L.]  (lat'-yu-it  bi'-nt  vix'-it, 
bi'-ni  quai) .  He  who  has  kept  hidden  has  lived  well ; 
who  lived  obscure  has  lived  well.  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

laud.  To  extol;  a  song  of  praise  or  honor.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Devotion-Idolatry. 

laud'-a-ble.     Praiseworthy.     Virtue-Vice. 

lau'-da-num.  Tincture  of  opium.  Feeling-Insensi- 
bility. 

laudari  a  laudato  viro  [L.]  (lau-de'-rai  e  lau-de'-to 
voi'-ro).  To  be  praised  by  a  man  that  is  praised. 
Approval-Disapproval. 

lau-da'-tion.     High  praise.     Approval-Disapproval. 

laudator  temporis  acti  [L.]  (lau-de'-tor  tem'-po-ris 
ac'-tai).  Lauder  of  time  gone  by.  Contented- 
ness-Discontentment,  Contentedness-Regret, 
Flatterer-Defamer,  Future-Past,  Habit-Desue- 
tude. 

lau'-da-to-ry.  Eulogizing;  a  panegyric.  Approval- 
Disapproval. 

laugh.  To  give  vent  to  laughter.  Jubilation- 
Lamentation;  laugh  at,  Regard-Disrespect,  Re- 
gard-Scorn, Society-Derision;  laugh  in  one's 
sleeve,  Manifestation-Latency,  Regard-Disre- 
spect, Regard-Scorn,  Society-Derision;  laugh  on 
the  wrong  side  of  one's  mouth,  Expectation-Dis- 
appointment, Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Rep- 
utation-Discredit; laugh  outright,  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation; laugh  to  scorn,  Defiance, 
Regard-Disrespect,  Regard-Scorn;  make  one 
laugh,  Society-Ludicrousness;  raise  a  laugh, 
Society-Derision. 

laugh'-a-ble.  Fitted  to  provoke  laughter.  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness, Jubilation-Lamentation, 
Society-Ludicrousness. 

laugh'-ing.      Moving  to  laughter.      Jubilation-Lam- 


entation; laughing-gas,  Sensibility-Insensibil- 
ity; no  laughing  matter,  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance. 

laugh'-ing-stock".  A  fit  object  of  laughter.  Gull- 
Deceiver,  Society-Laughingstock,  Society-Lu- 
dicrousness. 

laugh'-ter.  Cachinnation.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Jubilation-Lamentation,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection; laughter  holding  both  his  sides, 
Jubilation-Lamentation. 

laugh'-ter-lov"-ing.  Desiring  to  laugh.  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection. 

launch.  To  put  into  the  water;  to  set  out;  a  large, 
open  boat.  Beginning-End,  Conveyance-Vessel, 
Push-Pull;  launch  forth,  Enterprise;  launch  into, 
Enterprise;  launch  into  eternity,  Life-De>~h, 
Life-Killing;  launch  out,  Terseness-Prolixity; 
launch  out  against,  Attack-Defense. 

laun'-dress.  A  washerwoman.  Chief-Underling, 
Cleanness-Filthiness. 

laun'-dry.  An  establishment  or  room  for  washing 
clothes.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Oven-Refrigerator. 

lau'-re-ate.  Crowned  with  laurel,  as  a  mark  of  dis- 
tinction. Gentility-Commonalty,  Poetry-Prose; 
poet  laureate,  Poetry-Prose. 

lau'-rel.  An  evergreen  shrub;  a  crown  or  wreath  of 
laurel;  marks  of  distinction  or  honor.  Reputation- 
Discredit,  Title,  Trophy;  repose  on  one's  laurels, 
Movement-Rest. 

la'-va.  Melted  rock;  the  same  when  cooled.  Geol- 
ogy, Nutriment-Excretion,  Viscidity-Foam. 

Ia-va'-tion.     Ablution.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

lav'-a-to"-ry.  A  place  for  washing.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness. 

lave.  To  wash  or  bathe.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Water-Air. 

lav'-en-der.  An  aromatic  shrub;  its  perfume;  its 
color.     Yellowness-Purple. 

la'-ver.  One  who  or  that  which  bathes.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness. 

laver  la  tete  [F.]  (la-ve'  la  tet).  To  give  it  to  a  per- 
son.    Approval-Disapproval. 

lav'-ish.  To  give  or  spend  profusely;  to  squander; 
prodigal;  superabundant.  Enough,  Excess-Lack. 
Extravagance-Avarice,  Giving-Receiving;  lav- 
ish of  praise,  Approval-Disapproval. 

La"-voi"-sier/.     French  chemist.     Chemistry. 

law.  A  rule  of  action  established  by  recognized 
authority  to  enforce  justice  and  direct  duty;  a  rule 
established  by  custom  or  precedent.  Law-Law- 
lessness, Leave-Prohibition,  Precept,  Right- 
Wrong,  Uniformity-Multiformity;  court  of  law, 
Tribunal  ;  give  the  law,  Order  Rule-License  ;  go  to 
law,  Litigation;  Jewish  law,  Revelation-Pseudo- 
revelation;  law  of  Medes  and  Persians,  Uniform- 
ity-Multiformity; lay  down  the  law,  Assertion- 
Denial,  Certainty-Doubt,  Order,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness,  Rule-License;  learned  in  the 
law,  Advocate;  make  the  law  a  dead  letter,  Law- 
Lawlessness;  set  the  law  at  defiance,  Law-Law- 
lessness; take  the  law  into  one's  own  hands,  Fight- 
ing -  Conciliation,  Insubordination  -  Obedience, 
Law-Lawlessness,  Volition-Obligation;  takt 
the  law  of,  Litigation. 


LAW— LAWLESSNESS. 


By-law.  1 

■  i 


A  local,  subordinate,  or  private  rule  or  regulation. 


Bye-law.  > 

Canon,  etc.    A  law  or  standard  of  judgment.    See  Precept. 
Canon  law.    A  rule  or  regulation  in  religious  matters. 
Charter.    An  instrument  bestowing  rights  or  privileges. 
Civil  law.    The  Roman  law. 


Antinomy.    The  opposition  of  one  rule  or  law  to  another  rule  or  law. 
Arbitrariness,  etc.    Thequality  of  being  despotic.    See  A  djective s. 
Argumentum  baculinum  [L.].     Club-law;   appeal  to  force  instead  of 

law. 
Bar  sinister.   A  mark  of  illegitimacy. 
Breach  of  law.    Infringement  of  law. 


LAW. 


589 


LAW— LAWLESSNESS. 


LAW—  LAWLESSNESS— Continued. 


Code.    A  system  of  laws. 

Common  law.    A  system  of  law  developed  by  the  courts. 

Constitution.     The  organic  law,  or  principles  of  government  of  a 

nation. 
Corpus  juris  [L.fl.    The  body  of  the  law.    See  Right. 
Decree,  etc.     An  authoritative  law  or  command.    See  Order. 
Ecclesiastical  law.    Law  governing  religious  affairs. 
Enactment.    A  bill  which  has  become  a  law. 
Equity.    Law  developed  by  courts,  supplemental  to  statutes. 
Fieri  facias  [L.||.    A  law  ordering  an  execution  against  the  goods  of  a 

debtor. 
Form.    An  established  way  of  proceeding. 
Formality.    An  established  rule  of  procedure. 
Formula.     A  fixed  and  established  method  in  which  something  is  to 

be  done. 
Habeas  corpus  [L.J.    A  writ  commanding  an  officer  to  bring  a  prisoner 

before  the  court. 
Institution.    Permanent  form  of  law  or  polity. 
International  law.    Law  by  which  nations  are  governed. 
Jus  civile  [L.fl.    The  civil  law ;    the  laws  of  Rome. 
Jus  gentium  [L.|.    The  law  of  the  nations. 
Justice.    Conformity  to  the  principles  of  righteousness. 
Law.    A  statement  of  a  principle  of  right  in  the  form  of  a  command 

and  sustained  by  the  proper  authority. 
Law  of  nations.    International  law. 
Legality.    The  state  of  conforming  to  law. 

Stateness.  1  The  state  of  bein8  lawfu!- 

Lex  mercatoria  [L.&.    Mercantile  law. 

Lex  non  scripta  [L.fl.    The  unwritten  law;  the  common  law. 

Lex  scripta  [L.|.    Written  law;  statute  law. 

Ordonance"  '  ^  Permanent  rule  of  action  established  by  authority. 

Plebiscite.  A  law  enacted  by  a  direct  vote  of  the  people.  See  Choice. 

Regulation.  A  rule  or  order  prescribed  for  management  or  govern- 
ment. 

Rite.    An  established  custom  of  religious  observance. 

Rule.    A  practise  laid  down  by  authority  or  habit. 

Standing  order.  A  continuing  regulation  for  the  conduct  of  parlia- 
mentary business. 

Statute.  A  positive  law  laid  down  as  the  will  of  the  legislative  body  of 
a  land. 

Statute  law.    An  act  of  a  legislative  body. 

Law — Associated  Nouns. 

Arm  of  the  law.    The  power  of  the  law. 

Codification.    The  process  of  reducing  laws  to  a  system. 

Constitutionalism.  The  theory,  principles,  or  authority  of  constitu- 
tional government. 

Constitutionality.  The  state  of  being  in  accordance  with  the  princi- 
ples or  fundamental  laws  which  govern  a  state. 

Jurisprudence.  The  knowledge  of  the  laws,  customs,  and  rights  of 
men  in  a  community. 

Legal  process.    The  whole  course  of  proceedings  of  a  suit  at  law. 

Legislation.    The  act  of  enacting  laws. 

Legislature.  The  body  of  men  in  a  state  having  the  power  to  enact  or 
repeal  laws. 

Homology.    The  science  of  law. 

Pandect.    A  brief  summary  or  treatise  embracing  all  law. 

Law — Verbs. 

Codify.    To  arrange  in  a  code  or  system . 

Decree*  etc.      A  formal  authoritative  declaration  or  decision.      See 

Order. 
Enact.    To  establish  by  a  legal  and  authoritative  act. 
Formulate.    To  put  into  a  formula. 
Legalize.    To  make  lawful. 
Legislate.    To  make  or  enact  a  law. 
Ordain.    To  arrange  or  establish  according  to  rule. 
Pass  a  law .    To  enact  a  law. 

Law  — A  djectives . 

According  to  law.    Lawful;  legal. 

Chartered.    Enjoying  the  privileges  of  a  charter. 

Constitutional.    According  to  the  constitution. 

Law-abiding.    Observing  law. 

Lawful,  etc.    Permitted  by  law     See  Leave. 

Legal.    According  to  law. 

Legalized.    Made  lawful. 

Legislative .    Pertaining  to  the  enactment  of  laws. 

Legislatorial.    Of  or  pertaining  to  a  legislature. 


Brute  force.    Appeal  to  force  instead  of  law. 

Club-law.    Appeal  to  force. 

Coup  d'etat  [P.].      A  sudden  exercise  of  power  whereby  tne  govern 
ment  is  subverted  without  the  consent  of  the  people. 

Despotism.    The  spirit,  principles,  or  power  of  one  who  exercises  com- 
plete  control  over  another. 

Disobedience,  etc.      Neglect  or  refusal  to  obey.      See  Insubordika 
tion. 

Drumhead  law.    The  decision  or  decree  of  a  court  martial. 

Illegality.     Unlawfulness;   the  state  of  being  not  in  accordance  with 
law. 

Illegitimacy.    The  state  of  being  not  in  accordance  with  law. 

Informality.    Want  of  regular  proceedings  or  course. 

Lawbreaker.    One  who  disobeys  the  law. 

Lawlessness.    The  state  or  quality  of  being  unlawful. 

Le  droit  du  plus  fort  [F.].     The  right  of  might. 

Lidford  law.     Punishment  without  trial. 

Lynch  law.    The  infliction  of  punishment  without  the  forms  of  law. 

Martial  law.    The  law  of  war  as  adopted  ty  civilized  belligerents. 

Mob  law.    Law  administered  by  a  mob. 

Nihilism.     The  doctrine  of  a  secret  organization,  devoted  to  the  de- 
struction of  political,  religious,  and  social  institutions. 

Outlawry.    The  act  of  putting  a  man  out  of  the  protection  of  the  law. 

Poaching.    Killing  game  contrary  to  law. 

Simony.    The  crime  of  buying  or  selling  ecclesiastical  preferment. 

Smuggling.    Secret  importation  of  goods  contrary  to  law. 

Trover  and  conversion.    The  gaining  possession  of  goods  by  finding. 

Unconformity,  etc.    Non-conformity.  See  Conventionality-Uncon- 
vbntionality. 

Unlawfulness.    The  state  of  being  not  in  accordance  with  the  law. 

Violation  of  law.    Transgression  of  law. 

Violence.    Infringement  of  something  that  should  be  respected. 

Lawlessness — Verbs. 

Drive  a  coach  and  six  through  a  statute.    To  violate  or  break  a  law 

Make  the  law  a  dead  letter.    To  cause  a  law  to  fall  into  disuse. 

Offend  against  the  law.    To  transgress  the  law. 

Poach.    To  kill  or  destroy  game  contrary  to  the  law. 

Ride  rough-shod  over  a  statute.    To  transgress  a  statute. 

Run.    To  be  unrestrained  by  law. 

Set  the  law  at  defiance.    To  defy  the  law. 

Smuggle.      To  import  or  export  secretly,  contrary  to  the  law,  and 

without  the  payment  of  duty. 
Take  the  law  into  one's  own  hands.     To  inflict  punishment  without 

due  course  of  law. 
Violate  the  law.    To  break  the  law. 

Lawlessness — Adjectives. 

Actionable.    Admitting  a  suit. 

A  dead  letter.    A  law  which  has  fallen  into  disusage. 
Arbitrary.    Despotic;  absolute  in  control. 
Contraband.    Prohibited  by  law  or  treaty. 

DesDotical  I  Unrestrained  by  laws  or  constitution. 

Extrajudicial.    Out  of  the  course  of  ordinary  legal  process. 

Illegal.    Unlawful. 

Illegitimate.    Not  according  to  law. 

Illicit.    Unlawful. 

Informal.    Not  according  to  established  forms. 

Injudicial.    Not  according  to  the  forms  of  law. 

Irresponsible.    Not  to  be  relied  on. 

Lawless.    Without  regard  for  law. 

Not  allowed.    Forbidden. 

Null  and  void.    Having  no  legal  binding  force. 

Prohibited,  etc.    Forbidden  by  authority.      See  Leave-Prohibition. 

Summary.    Quickly  executed. 

Unaccountable.    Not  responsible. 

Unanswerable.    Not  to  be  answered. 

Unauthorized.    Not  made  legal. 

Unchartered.    Not  chartered. 

Unconstitutional.    Not  according  to  the  constitution. 

Unlawful.    Contrary  to  law. 

Unofficial.    Not  authorized  by  official  action. 

Unwarrantable.    Not  justifiable. 

Unwarranted.     Not  justified. 

Lawlessness — A  dverbs. 

Illegally,  etc.     In  an  unlawful  manner.     See  Adjectives. 

In  violation  of  the  law.    Unlawfully. 

With  a  high  hand.    In  an  oppressive  or  overbearing  manner. 


LAW. 


590 


LEA. 


Legitimate.    Lawful. 

Statutable.    Proceeding  from  a  legislative  act. 


De  jure  [L.fl.    According  to  law. 

In  the  eye  of  the  law.   From  a  legal  point  of  view. 


sEquitas  sequitur  legem  [L.]     Equity  follows  law. 
Droit  des  gens  [F.J.    Law  of  nations. 


LA  W — Adjectives — Continued. 

Statutory.    Enacted  by  statute. 

Vested.    Given  the  right  of  present  and  future  enjoyment. 

Law — Adverbs. 

Legally,  etc.    In  a  lawful  manner     See  Adjectives. 

Law —Phrases . 

Ignorantia  legis  neminem  excusat  [L.|.     Ignorance  of  the  law  excuses 

no  one. 
Mens  legis  [L.J.    The  spirit  of  the  law. 


law'-a-bi"-ding.  Obedient  to  the  law.  Law-Law- 
lessness. 

law'-break"-er.  One  who  violates  the  law.  Good 
Man-Bad  Man,  Law-Lawlessness. 

law'-ful.  Conformabla  to  law;  rightful;  permitted 
by  law.  Dueness-Undueness,  Law-Lawlessness, 
Leave-Prohibition.  Right-Wrong. 

law'-giv"-er.     A  legislator.     Manager. 

law'-less.  Not  subject  or  obedient  to  law;  disobe- 
dient; illegal;  outlawed.  Conventionality-Un- 
conventionality,  Insubordination  -  Obedience, 
Law-Lawlessness,  Observance-Nonobservance, 
Virtue-Vice. 

law'-less-ness.  Illegality;  disobedience.  Law-Law- 
lessness, Observance-Nonobservance. 

law'-ma"-ker.     A  legislator.     Manager. 

law'-mon"-ger.     A  pettifogger.     Advocate. 

lawn.  A  space  of  ground  covered  with  closely  cut 
grass;  an  open  space  among  woods.  Domestica- 
tion-Agriculture, Gulf-Plain;  lawn  sleeves, 
Vestments;  lawn-tennis,  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

law'-suit".  An  action  in  a  court  of  law  for  enforce- 
ment of  a  claim.  Justification-Charge,  Litiga- 
tion. 

law'-yer.  One  who  is  versed  in  or  practises  law.  Ad- 
vocate. 

lax.     Loose   or   slack;     yielding;     negligent;     remiss; 
vague;    not  strict.      Cohesion-Looseness,  Force- 
Weakness,  Rule-License,  Truth-Error,  Virtue 
Vice. 

lax'-i-ty.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  lax,  loose,  or 
open;  want  of  firmness,  strictness,  or  exactness. 
Cohesion-Looseness,  Godliness-Disbelief,  Hard- 
ness -  Softness,  Observance  -  Nonobservance, 
Rule-License,  Truth-Error,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty, Virtue-Vice. 

lax'-ness.     The  state  of  being  lax.     Rule-License. 

lay.  To  cause  to  lie ;  to  put  in  proper  position ;  to  de- 
vise; to  impose;  to  inflict;  to  put  up  money;  to  allay; 
not  clerical;  a  song;  a  lyric  poem;  a  lake.  Crea- 
tion-Destruction, Erectness-Flatness,  Estab- 
lishment-Removal, Gulf-Plain,  Ministry-Laity, 
Music,  Poetry-Prose,  Purpose-Luck,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness; lay  about  one,  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Attack-Defense,  Recompense-Punition, 
Strife-Peace,  Toil-Relaxation;  lay  apart,  Inclu- 
sion-Omission, Keeping-Relinquishment,  Store; 
lay  aside,  Carefulness-Neglect,  Choice-Rejec- 
tion, Inclusion-Omission,  Keeping-Relinquish- 
ment, Use-Disuse;  lay  at  the  door  of,  Rationale- 
Luck;  lay  at  one's  feet,  Proffer-Refusal;  lay  bare 
one's  mind,  Exposure-Hidingplace  ;  lay  before  one, 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Manifestation-Laten- 
cy; lay  brother,  Ministry-Laity,  lay  by,  Health- 
Sickness,  Store,  Use-Disuse;  lay  claim  to,  Due- 
ness-Undueness, Order  ;  lay  down,  Assertion-De- 
nial, Commission-Retirement,  Erectness-Flat- 
ness, Establishment-Removal,  Keeping-Relin- 
quishment, Settlement-Default  ;  lay  down  a  plan, 
Design;    lay  down  one's  arms,  Fighting-Concilia- 


tion, Yielding;  lay  down  one's  life,  Life-Death; 
lay  down  one's  life  for  one's  country,  Patriotism- 
Treason;  lay  down  the  law,  Assertion-Denial, 
Certainty-Doubt,  Order,  Presumption-Servil- 
ity, Rule-License;  lay  fast  hold  on,  Taking-Res- 
titution; lay-figure,  Copy-Model,  Delineation- 
Caricature;  lay  hands  on,  Ceremonial,  Harsh- 
ness-Mildness, Taking-Restitution,  Use-Disuse; 
lay  heads  together,  Advice,  Antagonism-Con- 
currence; lay  in,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Pro- 
vision-Waste, Store;  lay  in  ruins,  Creation-De- 
struction; lay  in  the  dust,  Creation-Destruc- 
tion; lay  it  on  thick,  Adulation-Disparagement, 
Cover-Lining,  Excess-Lack;  lay  on,  Recompense- 
Punition;  lay  one's  account  for,  Faith-Misgiving; 
lay  oneself  open  to,  Contingency,  Security-Inse- 
curity; lay  oneself  out  for,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation;  lay  one's  finger  upon,  Discovery; 
lay  one's  head  on  the  block,  Unselfishness-Selfish- 
ness ;  lay  one's  life  on  the  altar  of  one's  country,  Pa- 
triotism-Treason; lay  on  the  shelf,  Keeping-Relin- 
quishment, Use-Disuse;  lay  on  the  table,  Presi- 
dent-Member; lay  open,  Aperture -Closure, 
Dress-Undress,  Exposure-Hidingplace,  Mani- 
festation-Latency; lay  out,  Design,  Erectness- 
Flatness,  Life-Funeral,  Outlay-Income;  lay 
over,  Earliness- Lateness;  lay  siege  to,  Attack- 
Defense;  lay  stress  on,  Assertion-Denial,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance; lay  the  ax  at  the  root  of, 
Creation-Destruction;  lay  the  first  stone,  Begin- 
ning-End, Preparation-Nonpreparation;  lay  the 
flattering  unction  to  one's  soul,  Alleviation-Aggra- 
vation, Contentedness-Discontentment;  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness;  lay  the  foundations  of, 
Beginning-End,  Cause-Effect,  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation;  lay  to,  Movement- Rest,  Ra- 
tionale-Luck; lay  to  one's  charge,  Justification- 
Charge;  lay  together,  Union-Disunion;  lay  train, 
Design,  Preparation-Nonpreparation;  lay  under 
hatches,  Release-Restraint;  lay  under  restraint, 
Release-Restraint;  lay  up,  Health-Sickness, 
Store,  Use-Disuse;  lay  waste,  Creation-Destruc- 
tion. 

lay'-er.    A  course  or  stratum.     Lamina-Fiber. 

la-yette'.  An  outfit  for  a  newly  born  child.  Dress- 
Undress. 

lay'-man.     One  of  the  laity.     Ministry-Laity. 

lay'-stall".     A  place  where  offal  is  deposited.     Clean- 

NESS-FlLTHINESS. 

laz"-a-ret'-to.     A  pest-house.     Remedy-Bane. 

la'-zar- house".     A  pest-house.     Remedy-Bane. 

laa'-u-li.  A  mixture  of  minerals  used  by  the  ancients  for 
decoration.    Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

la'-zy.  Averse  to  labor.  Activity-Indolence;  lazy 
as  Ludlam's  dog,  Activity-Indolence. 

laz"-za-ro'-ni.  In  Naples,  idlers  who  have  no  homes  and 
live  by  odd  jobs  and  begging.    Activity-Indolence. 

lb.  Abbreviation  for  libra  (pound).  Heaviness-Light- 
ness. 

lea.  A  grassy  field  or  plain.  Country,  Gllf-Plain, 
Ocean-Land. 


LEAD. 


591 


LEAN. 


lead .  A  soft ,  heavy  metal ;  a  mass  of  lead  used  in  sound- 
ing. Chemistry,  Deepness-Shallowness,  Heavi- 
ness-Lightness; heave  the  lead,  Mensuration; 
heavy  as  lead,  Heaviness-Lightness;  red  lead, 
Redness-Greenness. 

lead.  To  guide;  to  control;  to  conduct;  precedence. 
Inclination,  Leading-Following,  Management, 
Motive-Caprice,  Precedence-Succession,  Rule- 
License;  take  the  lead,  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Dominance- Impotence,  Leading-Fol- 
lowing, Management,  Rule-License;  lead  a 
dance,  Difficulty-Facility,  Midcourse-Circuit, 
Quest-Evasion,  Regard-Disrespect;  lead  a  life, 
Conduct;  lead  astray,  Patriotism-Treason,  Truth- 
Error;  lead  by  the  nose,  Liberty-Subjection,  Rule- 
License;  lead  captive,  Liberty-Subjection,  Re- 
lease-Restraint; lead  on,  Management;  lead  one  to 
expect,  Expectation-Surprise,  Prophecy;  lead  the 
choir,  Worship-Idolatry;  lead  the  dance,  Leading- 
Following,  Precedence-Succession;  lead  the  way, 
Beginning  -  End,     Consequence  -  Insignificance, 


Leading-Following,  Management,  Precedence- 
Succession,  Reputation-Discredit;  lead  to  no  end, 
Usefulness-Uselessness;  lead  to  the  altar,  Matri- 
mony-Celibacy. 

lead'-en.  Of  the  color  of  lead ;  heavy;  dull  or  sluggish. 
Activity-Indolence,  Color-Achromatism,  Dim- 
ness, Gray-Brown. 

lead'-er.  One  who  leads  or  conducts;  a  commander; 
a  chief  editorial  article.  Advocate,  Chief-Under- 
ling, Essay,  Manager,  Predecessor-Continua- 
tion. 

lead'-ing.  Chief;  drawing  attention,  desire,  or  custom. 
Beginning  -  End,  Consequence-  Insignificancy; 
leading  article,  Essay;  leading  note,  Melody-Dis- 
sonance; leading  part,  Dominance- Impotence; 
leading  question,  Investigation-Answer;  leading 
strings,  Infancy-Age,  Infant-Veteran,  Instruc- 
tor-Pupil, Liberty-Subjection,  Release-Guard, 
Release-Restraint;  leading  to  no  end,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness. 


LEADING— FOLLOWING. 


See  Precedence. 


See  Predecessor. 

See  Antece- 


Heading.     Something  placed  first  or  at  the  head 

Leading.     Guiding,  controlling  influence. 

Lepas{F.].     The  step. 

Precedence.     A  going  before;  superiority 

Precession.     The  act  of  preceding  others. 

Precursor.     A  running  before;  a  warning. 

Priority.     Condition    of    being   prior  or  antecedent 

DENCE. 

The  lead.     Superiority. 

Van.     Head;  especially,  head  of  an  army.     See  Anteriority 

Leading — Verbs. 
Forerun.     To  run  before;  go  before  for  announcing. 
Head.     To  lead;  be  the  first. 
Herald.     To  announce  ;  to  usher  in. 
Introduce.     To  make  acquainted  with ,  to  usher  in. 
Lead.     To  be  ahead. 

Outstrip.     To  go  beyond;  to  outrun.     See  Transcursion. 
Precede.     To  go  before. 

Leading — Verbal  Expressions. 
Get  ahead;   get  before;   get  in  front  of;  get  the  start;  go  ahead;  go 
before;   go  in  advance;    go  in  the  van;    have  the  start;   lead  the 
dance;   lead  the  way;   steal  a  march;   take  precedence  (see  Pre- 
cedence), take  the  lead;  usher  in. 

Leading — Adjectives. 
Leading,  etc.     Going  ahead.     See  Verbs. 

Leading — Adverbs. 
Ahead.     At  the  head. 
Before.     In  advance. 

Headmost. ) 
In  advance.     Before. 
In  front.     In  the  lead. 
In  the  van.     Ahead. 

Leading — Phrase. 
Seniores  priores  [L.].     Elders  first. 


Coming  after.     See  Succession.     See  Sequence. 
Following.     A  going  after;  those  who  go  after;  adherents. 
Pursuit.     A  persistent  following  to  seize;  following  out.     See  Quest. 
Sequence.     That  which  follows ;  a  succession. 

Following — Nouns  of  Agency. 

Attendant.     One  who  follows  in  an  inferior  capacity. 
Dangler.     One  who  follows  persistently  or  besets  another. 
Follower.     One  who  follows;  imitator. 
Satellite.     An  obsequious  follower. 
Shadow.     An  inseparable  attendant. 
Train.     A  body  of  attendants;  a  retinue 

Following — Verbs. 
Attend.     To  go  along  as  an  attendant  or  companion. 
Beset.     To  set  about;  to  surround. 
Dog.     To  follow  as  a  dog;  to  follow  continually. 
Follow.     To  come  after. 
Lag.     To  fall  behind. 
Pursue.     To  follow  with  a  view  to  seize.     See  Quest. 

Following — Verbal  Expressions. 
Be  in  the  rear  of;  be  in  the  trail  of;  be  in  the  wake  of;  dance  attend- 
ance upon ;  fly  after ;  follow  as  a  shadow ;  follow  in  the  rear  of ;  fol- 
low in  the  trail  of;  follow  in  the  wake  cf ;  follow  on  the  heels  of; 
get  behind;  go  after;  go  in  the  rear  of;  go  in  the  trail  of;  go  in  the 
wake  of;  hang  on  the  skirts  of;  tread  close  upon;  tread  in  the 
steps  of ;  tread  on  the  heels  of. 

Following — A  djectives. 
Following,  etc.     Going  ahead.     See  Verbs. 

Following — Adverbs. 
After.     Coming  or  occurring  behind.     See  Antecedence.    Prece- 
dence-Succession. 
Behind.     Toward  the  back. 
In  the  rear  of.   *| 

In  the  train  of.  v  See  Front-Rear. 
In  the  wake  of.) 


leads.  Leaden  sheets  used  for  covering  roofs.  Cover- 
Lining. 

leaf.  The  organs  of  plants  which  shoot  from  the  sides  of 
the  stem  or  branches;  division  of  a  sheet  of  paper;  a 
thin  sheet;  an  ornament.  Architecture,  Fauna- 
Flora,  Lamina-Fiber,  Missive- Publication, 
Whole-Part;  turn  over  a  new  leaf,  Betterment- 
Deterioration. 

leaf-less.     Having  no  leafage.     Dress-Undress. 

leaf'-let.  A  little  leaf.  Missive-Publication,  Whole- 
Part. 

leaf'-y.    Full  of  leaves.    Smoothness-Roughness. 

league.  A  measure  of  distance;  an  alliance  of  persons, 
parties,  states,  etc.  Antagonism-Concurrence,  As- 
sociation,   Length-Shortness,    Measure,    Vari- 


ance-Accord; be  in  league  with,  Antagonism-Con- 
curr'ence. 

leak.  A  crack  or  crevice  through  which  a  liquid  flows; 
the  oozing  of  the  liquid  from  this;  any  waste.  En- 
trance-Exit, Interspace-Contact,  Provision- 
Waste;  leak  out,  Exposure-Hidingplace;  spring 
a  leak,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness. 

leak'-age.  The  act  or  process  of  leaking;  that  which  is 
wasted  by  leaking.  Entrance-Exit,  Provision- 
Waste. 

leak'-y.  Having  a  leak  or  leaks.  Faultlessness- 
Faultiness. 

lean.  To  incline  from  an  erect  position;  thin.  Breadth- 
Narrowness,     Parallelism-Obliquity;     lean  on, 


LEAN. 


592 


LEAVE— PROHIBITION. 


Suspension-Support;  lean-to,  Contents-Receiver, 
Readiness- Reluctance;  lean  toward,  Right- 
Wrong;  lean  upon,  Faith-Misgiving,  Liberty- 
Subjection,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

lean'-ing.  Inclination;  bias;  inclination  from  the  per- 
pendicular. Desire-Distaste,  Inclination,  Par- 
allelism-Inclination, Readiness- Reluctance, 
Right- Wrong;  have  a  leaning  to,  Amity-Hostility. 

lean'-to".  A  shed.  Architecture,  Dweller-Habi- 
tation. 

lean'-wit"-ted.   Lacking  in  wit.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

leap.  To  spring  over;  to  jump  or  vault;  the  act  of  leap- 
ing. Ascent-Descent,  Revolution,  Spring-Dive; 
leap  in  the  dark,  Certainty-Doubt,  Purpose-Luck, 
Recklessness  -  Caution,  Security  -  Insecurity, 
Trial;  leap  with  joy,  Jubilation-Lamentation; 
make  a  leap  at,  Quest-Evasion. 

leap'-frog".  A  boy's  game.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

leap'-ing.    Springing.    Spring-Dive. 

leap' -year".  A  year  of  366  days.  Periodicity-Irregu- 
larity. 

learn.  To  gain  knowledge.  Education-Learning,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Habit-Desuetude;  learn 
by  experience,  Repentance-Obduracy;  learn  by 
heart,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

learn'-ed.  Erudite.  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Scholar- 
Dunce;  learned  man,  Scholar  Dunce. 

learn'-er.     A  pupil.     Instructor-Pupil. 

learn'-ing.  Erudition.  Education-Learning,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance; drink  in,  imbibe,  pick  up,  learn- 
ing, Education-Learning;  man  of  learning,  Sage- 
Fool,  Scholar-Dunce. 

leas'-a-ble.  That  may  be  let.  Loan-Borrowing, 
Property". 

lease.  A  contract  for  the  possession  and  profits  of 
lands,  etc.,  for  a  determinate  period;  the  document 
for  this.  Loan-Borrowing,  Property;  grant  a 
lease,  Security;  lease  and  release,  Alienation; 
take  a  new  lease  of  life,  Health-Sickness. 

lease'-hold".  A  tenure  held  by  lease;  held  by  lease. 
Property. 


leash.  A  line,  thong,  or  cord;  to  bind,  hold,  or  secure 
by  a  leash;  a  brace  and  a  half.  Triality,  Union- 
Disunion. 

least.  Less  than  all  others.  Supremacy-Subordi- 
nac y  ;  at  the  least,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

leath'-er.  The  tanned  hide  of  an  animal;  to  change 
into  leather;  to  beat.  Cover-Lining,  Recom- 
pense-Punition,  Toughness-Brittleness ;  leather 
orprunello,  Consequence-Insignificance;  nothing 
like  leather,  Decision-Misjudgment. 

leath'-er-y.  Resembling  leather;  tough.  Toughness- 
Brittleness. 

leave.  To  depart;  to  allow  to  continue ;  to  abandon, 
to  allow;  to  cease;  to  bequeath;  permission.  Ad- 
junct-Remnant, Giving-Receiving,  Leave-Pro- 
hibition,  Quest-Abandonment,  Union-Disunion; 
French  leave,  Quest-Evasion;  give  me  leave  to  say, 
Assertion-Denial;  leave  ad  referendum,  Determi- 
nation-Vacillation; leave  alone,  Action-Passive- 
ness,  Leave-Prohibition,  Liberty-Subjection; 
leave  an  inference,  Manifestation-Latency;  leave 
a  place,  Arrival-Departure;  leave  a  void,  Con- 
tentedness-Regret;  leave  in  the  lurch,  Quest- 
Abandonment,  Transcursion  -  Shortcoming, 
Truthfulness-Fraud;  leave  it  to  one,  Leave-Pro- 
hibition ;  leave  not  a  rack  behindj? Appearance-Dis- 
appearance, Entity-Nonentity;  leave  no  trace, 
Appearance-Disappearance,  Mark-Obliteration; 
leave  off,  Discontinuance-Continuance,  Habit- 
Desuetude,  Quest-Abandonment,  Use-Disuse; 
leave  out,  Inclusion-Omission;  leave  out  of  one's 
calculations,  Carefulness-Neglect;  leave  the 
beaten  track,  Conventionality-Unconventional- 
ity;  leave  to  chance,  Purpose-Luck;  leave  to 
oneself,  Liberty -Subjection;  leave  undecided, 
Choice-Neutrality;  leave  undone,  Completion- 
Noncompletion;  leave  unfinished,  Completion- 
Noncompletion;  leave  word,  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy; take  leave,  Arrival-Departure,  Liberty- 
Subjection;  take  leave  of  one's  senses,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 


LEAVE— PROHIBITION. 


Accordance.     Agreement. 

Admission.      Permission  to  enter. 

Allowance.     The  act  of  granting  or  permitting. 

Authority.      Legal  right  to  exercise  power  of  any  sort. 

Authorization.     The  act  of  empowering. 

Concession.     The  act  of  yielding  or  conceding. 

Conge  [P.jJ.     The  act  of  taking  leave. 

Connivance.     Passive  consent. 

Dispensation.     The  relaxation  of  the  law  for  a  special  case. 

Exemption.     The  act  of  releasing  or  state  of  being  released  from 

some  obligation  to  which  others  are  subject. 
Favor.     A  kind  act;    mitigation  of  punishment. 
Grace.     Privilege  conferred  or  favor  bestowed. 
Indulgence,  etc.     The  act  of  bestowing  as  a  concession,  etc.     See 

Harshness-Mildness. 
Law.     A  rule  which  is  laid  down  by  God  or  a  government. 
Leave.     A  grant  of  liberty. 
Liberty.     The  state  of  one  who  is  free. 
License.     Authority  to  do  or  forbear  any  act. 
Permission.     The  act  of  permitting;   leave.  . 

Release.     The  act  of  setting  free  or  state  of  being  free. 
Sanction.     Ratification;  authority. 
Sufferance.     Permission;   leave. 

Tolerance.     The  character  or  state  of  being  tolerant  or  indulgent. 
Toleration.     The  act  of  tolerating  or  the  permission  of  that  which  is 

not  wholly  approved. 
Vouchsafement.     A  grant  in  condescension. 
Warranty.     The  assurance  that  property  will  be  as  represented. 

Leave — Nouns  of  Instrument. 

Brevet.     A  warrant  from  a  government,  granting  a  privilege,  title, 
or  dignity. 


Ban.     A  prohibitory  or  mandatory  public  order. 

Disallowance.     Refusal  to  allow  or  permit. 

Embargo.  An  order  of  the  government  prohibiting  the  departure 
of  ships  of  commerce  from  some  or  all  of  its  ports. 

Forbidden  fruit.     A  coveted  unlawful  pleasure.     [Bible.| 

Hindrance,  etc.     That  which  hinders.     See  Obstruction. 

Index  expurgatorius  [L.fl.     A  list  of  prohibited  books  unexpurgated. 

Inhibition.  The  act  of  holding  back  or  restraining,  also  a  pro- 
hibition. 

Injunction.  That  which  is  enjoined;  an  order  prohibiting  the  doing 
of  something. 

Interdict.     A  prohibitive  order  or  decree. 

Interdiction.     A  prohibiting  decree. 

Prohibition.  An  injunction  forbidding  some  action;  an  inter- 
diction. 

Proscription.     A  dooming  to  exile  or  destruction. 

Restriction,  etc.  Confinement  within  bounds  or  limits.  See  Rb* 
lease-Restraint. 

Taboo.  A  prohibition  of  intercourse  with,  or  access  to,  some  person 
or  thing  under  pain  of  death. 

Veto.  An  official  communication  containing  a  refusal  to  approve 
a  bill. 

Prohibition — Verbs. 

Bar.     To  restrict  or  prohibit. 

Bolt  the  door.     To  shut  out. 

Circumscribe.     To  confine  within  a  certain  Emit. 

Clip  the  wings  of.     To  check  the  ambitions  of. 

Cohibit.     To  restrain. 

Dash  the  cup  from  one's  lips.     To  prohibit  at  the  point  of  doing. 

Debar,  etc.     To  shut  out  from  approach  or  entry,  etc.     See  Obstruc 

tion. 
Disallow.     To  refuse  to  permit. 


LEAVE. 


593 


LEAVE— PROHIBITION. 


LEAVE—PROHIBITION— Continued. 


LEAVE — Nouns  of  Instrument — Continued. 

Carte  blanche  [F.].     A  blank  paper,  with  a  person's  signature  at  the 

bottom,  given  to  another  person,  with  permission   to   put  down 

whatever  conditions  he  pleases. 

Charter.     A  written  evidence  in  due  form  of  things  done  or  granted . 

Firman.     A  royal  order  or  mandate  in  Turkey  and  other  Oriental 

countries. 
Furlough.     A  leave  of  absence. 
Grant.     A  transfer  of  property. 
License.     A  formal  permission  from  the  proper  authorities  to  per- 

iorm  certain  acts,  or  to  carry  on  a  certain  business. 
Pass.     Permission  to  go  and  come. 
Passport.     A  document  given  to  a  person  permitting  him  to  travel 

from  place  to  place. 
Patent.     An  official  document  conferring  some  right  or  privilege  on 

a  person  or  party. 
Permit.     A  written  permission  given  by  a  person  having  authority. 
Precept.     A  command  in  writing. 
Ticket  of  leave.     A  license  or  permit  given  to  a  convict  or  prisoner, 

to  go  at  large. 
Warrant.     A  commission  giving  authority  or  justifying  the  doing  of 
anything. 

Leave — Verbs. 
Absolve*  etc.     To  pronounce  free,  etc.     See  Exculpation. 
Accord.     To  grant  or  allow  as  suitable  or  proper. 
Admit.     To  allow  to  enter. 
Allow.     To  grant  or  concede. 
Ask  leave.     See  Nouns. 
Ask  permission.     See  Noitns. 
Authorize.     To  give  legal  power  to. 
Bear  with.     To  be  indulgent  to. 
Beg  leave.     See  Nouns. 
Beg  permission.     See  Nouns. 

Charter.     To  hire  by  charter  or  written  agreement. 
Concede,  etc.     To  grant  as  a  privilege.     See  Consent. 
Confer  a  privilege.     See  Nouns. 

Connive  at.     To  permit  something,  as  if  not  aware  of  it. 
Dispense  with.     To  allow  by  dispensation. 
Empower.     To  grant  authority  to. 
Enfranchise.     To  endow  with  the  power  to  vote. 
Entrust,  etc.     To  give  into  the  care  of  another.     See  Commission. 
Exonerate.     To  relieve  of  a  charge  or  obligation. 
Favor.     To  look  upon  with  kindness;  aid. 
Give  a  loose  to.     To  be  indulgent  to  or  to  yield  to. 
Give  carte  blanche      See  Nouns, 
Give  permission.     See  Nouns. 
Give  power.     See  Nouns. 
Give  scope  to.     See  Liberty. 
Grant.     To  bestow  or  confer  something  which  cannot  be  claimed  by 

right. 
Humor.     To  indulge  the  moods  or  caprices  of. 
Indulge.     To  yield  or  submit  to  the  desire  of. 
Leave  alone.     To  refrain  from  having  to  do  with. 
Leave  it  to  one.     To  let  alone  or  to  cease  to  care  for. 
Leave  the  door  open.     To  grant  free  access. 
Let.     To  permit  or  allow. 
Let  off.     To  release,  as  from  an  obligation. 
License.     To  permit  by  license. 
Open  the  door  to.     To  admit. 

Open  the  flood-gates.     To  give  unrestricted  sway. 
Permit.     To  allow  to  be  done. 

Privilege.     To  invest  with  a  particular  right  or  immunity. 
Recognize.     To  consent  to  admit. 
Release.     To  set  free  from  restraint. 
Request  leave.     See  Nouns. 
Request  permission.     See  Nouns. 
Sanction.     To  grant  approval. 
Shut  one's  eyes  to.     To  give  tacit  consent. 

Stretch  a  point.     To  make  a  special  concession  against  one's  con- 
science or  judgment. 
Suffer.     To  permit  or  allow. 
Tolerate.     To  permit  or  allow  negatively. 
Vouchsafe.     To  yield  or  concede. 

Warrant.     To  Rive  authority  or  power  to  do  or  forbear. 
Wink  at.     To  pretend  not  to  see. 

Leave — Adjectives. 
Allowable.     Not  forbidden ;   permissible. 
Chartered.     Established  by  charter. 
Indulgent.     Yielding  to  the  wishes  or  humor  of  those  under  one's 

care. 
Lawful.     Permitted  by  law. 

18 


PROHIBITION— Verbs— Continued. 

Exclude.     To  shut  out. 

Forbid.     To  exclude  from;   to  hinder. 

Forbid  the  banns.     To  formally  forbid  an  intended  marriage. 

Foref end .     To  prevent  the  approach  of. 

Inhibit.     To  prohibit  or  forbid. 

Interdict.     To  forbid  or  debar. 

Keep  in.     To  restrain. 

Keep  within  bounds.     To  restrain. 

Limit.     To  set  a  limit  to  or  restrict. 

Place  under  an  interdiction.     See  Interdiction. 

Place  under  the  ban.     See  Ban. 

Prohibit.     To  forbid  by  authority. 

Proscribe.     To  doom  to  destruction  or  exile. 

Put  one's  veto  upon.     See  Veto. 

Put  under  an  interdiction.     See  Nouns. 

Put  under  the  ban.     See  Nouns. 

Restrain,  etc.     To  hold  in  check,  etc.     See  Release-Restraint. 

Restrict.     To  confine  within  certain  bounds. 

Show  the  door.     To  invite  to  leave. 

Shut  out.     To  exclude. 

Shut  the  door.     To  exclude. 

Taboo.     To  put  under  taboo. 

Warn  off.     To  give  notice  to  leave. 

Withhold.     To  restrain  or  hold  back. 

Prohibition — Adjectives. 
Contraband.     Forbidden  by  law  or  treaty. 
Exclusive.     Having  power  to  shut  out ;    enjoyed  to  the  exclusion  ot 

others. 
Forbidding.     See  Verbs. 

Illegal,  etc.     Not  legal.     See  Law-Lawlessness. 
Not  permitted,  etc.     See  Leave. 
Not  to  be  thought  of.     Out  of  the  question. 
Prohibited,  etc.     Forbidden.     See  Verbs. 
Prohibitive.     That  prohibits  or  forbids. 
Prohibitory.     Tending  to  prohibit. 
Proscriptive.     Relating  to  proscription. 
Restrictive.     Tending  to  restrict  or  limit. 
Unauthorized.     Not  authorized. 
Under  the  ban  of.     See  Ban. 
Unlicensed.     Not  licensed. 

Prohibition — Adverbs. 
On  no  account,  etc.     See  Assertion-Denial. 

Prohibition — Interjections. 

Avast  I  forbid  it  heaven,  etc.  (see  Petition-Expostulation),  hands 
off!  hold!  keep  off!  stopl 


Prohibition — Phrase. 


That  will  never  do. 


LEAVE — Adjectives — Continued. 

Legal.     Relating  to  law. 

Legalized.     Made  legal. 

Legitimate.     According  to  law. 

Licit.     Lawful. 

Patent.     Protected  by  a  special  privilege. 

Permissible.     That  may  be  permitted  or  allowed. 

Permissive.     Granting  leave. 

Permitted.     See  Verbs. 

Permitting.     See  Verbs. 

Unconditional.     Made  without  conditions;  absolute. 

nnI°rK-^       I  Not  forbidden ;   allowable. 
Unforbidden.) 

Leave — Adverbs. 

Ad  libitum,  etc.  [L.].     At  will  or  at  pleasure.     See  Liberty;   Voli- 
tion. 
By  all  means.     Se»  Readiness. 
By  leave.     See  Nouns. 
On  leave.     See  Nouns. 
Speciali  gratia  [L.J.      By  special  favor. 
-Under  favor  of. 
With  leave.     See  Nouns. 
Yes,  etc.     A  word  expressing  affirmation  or  consent.     See  Assent. 

Leave — Phrases. 

Avec  permission  [F  ]      With  permission. 
Brevet  d'invention  [F.J.     A  patent. 


LEAVEN. 


594 


LEGISLATURE. 


leav'-en.  To  produce  fermentation  in;  to  taint;  fer- 
menting dough  to  lighten  other  dough;  anything 
which  produces  a  general  change  in  the  mass.  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration,   Cause-Effect,    Clean- 

NESS-FlLTHINESS,  CoNSTITUENT-AlIEN,   HeAVINESS- 

Lightness,  Modification,  Remedy-Bane. 
leave'-tak"-ing.     A  parting.     Arrival-Departure. 

leav'-ings.  Remnants;  refuse.  Adjunct-Remnant, 
Usefulness-Uselessness. 

lech'-er.     An  habitually  lewd  man.     Purity-Rake. 

lech'-er-ous.     Lustful.     Purity-Impurity. 

lech'-er-y.     Gross  lewdness.     Purity-Impurity. 

lec'-tern.  A  reading-desk  from  which  the  Scripture 
lessons  are  chanted  or  read.     Fane. 

lec'-tion.  A  difference  in  copies  of  a  manuscript  or 
book;  a  reading.  Interpretation-Misinterpreta- 
tion, Universality-Particularity. 

lec'-tion-a-ry.     A  service-book.     Ceremonial. 

lec'-ture.  A  formal  discourse  for  instruction;  a  repri- 
mand; to  instruct  by  lectures;  to  read  or  deliver  a 
formal  discourse;  a  sermon.  Address-Response, 
Approval-Disapproval,  Ceremonial,  Education- 
Misteaching,  Essay,  Speech-Inarticulateness; 
lecture-room,  School. 

lec'-tur-er.  An  instructor  who  delivers  formal  dis- 
courses; a  preacher,  hired  to  assist  the  regular  in- 
cumbent.    Instructor-Pupil,  Ministry-Laity. 

Iec'-ture-ship.  A  foundation  for,  or  office  of,  lecturing. 
School. 

led.  Under  leading  or  control.  Led  by  the  nose,  Lib- 
erty-Subjection; led  captain,  Chief-Underling, 
Favorite-Anger,  Presumption-Servility. 

ledge.  A  shelf;  a  shelf-like  projection;  a  reef.  Con- 
vexity-Concavity, Erectness-Flatness,  Height- 
Lowness,  Suspension-Support. 

ledg'-er.  The  principal  book  of  accounts  of  a  business 
establishment.  Accounts,  Mark-Obliteration, 
Record. 

lee.  A  calm  or  sheltered  place ;  opposite  the  side  from 
which  the  wind  comes.  Laterality-Contraposi- 
tion;  in  the  lee  of,  Anteriority-Posteriority. 

leech.  A  physician;  an  animal  of  the  genus  Hirudo, — 
a  blood-sucker.     Advice,  Remedy-Bane. 

leech'-craft".     The  art  of  healing.     Remedy-Bane. 

leef.  Lief;  pleasing;  willing.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness. 

leek.  A  culinary  herb,  resembling  the  onion.  Eat  the 
leek,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Yielding. 

leer.  A  look  expressive  of  malicious  thought;  an 
affected  cast  of  countenance.  Sight-Blindness, 
Sign. 

leer'-y.     Shrewd  and  sly.     Craft-Artlessness. 

lees.     Dregs.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

lee  shore.  The  shore  on  the  lee  side  of  a  ship;  a  dan- 
gerous shore.  Refuge-Pitfall;  on  a  lee  shore, 
Security-Insecurity. 

lee  side.  In  geology,  that  side  of  glaciated  rocks  which 
looks  away  from  the  quarter  whence  the  ice  moved. 
Laterality-Contraposition. 

leet.  A  former  court  of  England.  Court-leet,  Tribu- 
nal. 

lee'-wall".     A  sheltering  wall.     Refuge-Pitfall. 

lee'-ward.  That  side  or  direction  toward  which  the 
wind  blows.     Laterality-Contraposition. 

lee'- way".  The  lateral  drift  of  a  vessel  in  the  direction 
in  which  the  wind  blows;  a  general  falling  behind  or 
away  from  a  course.  Earliness-Lateness,  Trans- 
cursion  -  Shortcoming,  Traveling  -  Navigation; 
make  up  leeway,  Advance-Retrogression,  Com- 
pensation. 

left.  That  part  or  half  of  the  body  opposed  to  the 
right;  discontinued;  remaining.  Adjunct-Rem- 
nant, Right-Left;  left  alone,  Liberty-Subjection; 
left  behind,  Adjunct-Remnant;    left  hand,  Right- 


Left;  left  in  the  lurch,  Success-Failure;  left  to 
shift  for  oneself,  Sociability-Privacy;  over  the 
left,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  pay  over  the  left 
shoulder,  Settlement-Default. 
left'-hand"-ed.  Using  the  left  rather  than  the  right 
hand  habitually ;  clumsy.  Right-Left,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness;  left-handed  compliment,  Approval- 
Disapproval;  left-handed  marriage,  Matrimony- 
Celibacy. 
leg.  A  limb  of  an  animal  body  used  for  support  and 
locomotion;  a  swindler.  Anatomy,  Robber,  Sus- 
pension-Support, Traveling-Navigation;  best 
leg  foremost,  Toil-Relaxation;  carry  one  off  one's 
legs,  Push-Pull;  fast  as  legs  will  carry,  Swiftness- 
Slowness;  keep  on  one's  legs,  Health-Sickness; 
last  legs,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Weariness- 
Refreshment;  leg  bail,  Quest-Evasion;  light  on 
one's  legs,  Welfare-Misfortune;  make  a  leg, 
Politeness-Impoliteness;  not  a  leg  to  stand  on, 
Might-Impotence,  Proof-Disproof,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Casuistry, Success-Failure;  on  one's  legs, 
Activity  -  Indolence,  Elevation  -  Depression, 
Erectness-Flatness,  Health-Sickness,  Liberty- 
Subjection,  Speech -Inarticulateness;  set  on 
one's  legs,  Renovation-Relapse. 

leg'-a-cy.     A  bequest.     Giving-Receiving,  Property. 

le'-gal.  Pertaining  to  lav/;  lawful;  permitted  by  law. 
Dueness-Undueness,  Law-Lawlessness,  Leave- 
Prohibition;  legal  adviser,  Advocate;  legal  estate. 
Property;  legal  process,  Law-Lawlessness;  legal 
profession,  Advocate. 

le-gal'-i-ty.     Lawfulness.     Law-Lawlessness. 

le'-gal-ize.  To  make  lawful;  to  sanction.  Dueness- 
Undueness,  Law-Lawlessness. 

le'-gal-ized.  Made  lawful;  sanctioned;  permitted. 
Dueness-Undueness,  Law-Lawlessness,  Leave- 
Prohibition. 

le'-gal-ly.     Lawfully.     Law-Lawlessness. 

leg'-a-ta-ry.     A  legatee.     Giving-Receiving,  Holder. 

leg'-ate.     An  envoy.     Consignee,  Messenger. 

leg'-a-tee.  The  recipient  of  a  legacy.  Giving-Re- 
ceiving, Holder. 

le-ga'-tion.  A  diplomatic  mission.  Commission-Ab- 
rogation. 

le-ga'-to.  A  smooth,  connected  style  of  performance. 
Music. 

leg'-end.  A  narrative  based  on  tradition;  a  brief 
inscription.     Account,  Mark-Obliteration. 

leg'-end-a-ry.     Fabulous.     Account,  Fancy. 

leg'-er-de-main".  Sleight  of  hand.  Revolution, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

UgbreiG  [F.]  (le-zher-te') .  Lightness;  levity.  De- 
termination-Vacillation. 

leg'-gings.     Coverings  for  the  legs.     Dress-Undress. 

leg"-i-bil'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  legible.  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity. 

leg'-i-ble.  That  may  be  read.  Clearness-Obscurity; 
legible  hand,  Writing-Printing. 

le'-gion.  A  Roman  body  of  infantry;  army;  multi- 
tude. Belligerent,  Multiplicity-Paucity;  their 
"  name  is  legion,"  Multiplicity-Fewness. 

le'-gion-a-ry.     A  soldier  of  a  legion.     Belligerent. 

legionnaire  [F.]  (le-zhi-o-ner') .  A  member  of  a  legion. 
Belligerent. 

leg'-is-late.  To  enact  laws.  Law-Lawlessness; 
legislate  for,  Management. 

leg"-is-la'-tion .  Enactment  of  laws;  a  part  or  the 
whole  body  of  laws.  Law-Lawlessness,  Manage- 
ment. 

leg'-is-la"-tor.     A  lawmaker.     Manager. 

leg"-is-la-tor'-i-al.  Pertaining  to  legislation;  enacting 
laws.     Law-Lawlessness. 

leg'-is-la"-ture.  A  lawmaking  body.  Law-Law- 
lessness, Management. 


LEGIST. 


595 


LENGTH— SHORTNESS. 


le'-gist.  One  learned  or  skilled  in  the  law.  Advo- 
cate. 

le-git'-i-ma-cy.  Accordance  with  law.  Law-Law- 
lessness, Nature-Art. 

le-git'-i-mate.        To   render  lawful;     lawful;     regular; 

£  roper;  lawfully  begotten.  Dueness-Undueness, 
aw-Lawlessness,  Leave-Prohibition,  Nature- 
Art,  Right- Wrong,  Truth-Error. 

le-git'-i-mate-ness.  The  state  of  being  lawful.  Law- 
Lawlessness. 

leg'-ume.  The  fruit  of  the  bean  family.  Fauna- 
Flora. 

le-gu'-mi-nous.     Producing  legumes.     Fauna-Flora. 

lei'-sure.  Spare  time.  Hurry-Leisure;  at  leisure, 
Activity-Indolence,  Hurry-Leisure;  at  one's 
leisure,  Earliness-Lateness. 

lei'-sure-ly.  Deliberate;  deliberately.  Earliness- 
Lateness,  Hurry-Leisure,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

le  -man.     A  sweetheart.     Love-Hate. 

lem'-ma.  A  proposition  assumed  to  be  true.  Rati- 
ocination-Casuistry. 

lem'-on.  The  color  of  the  lemon.  Yellowness-Pur- 
ple. 

Lem-pri-^re.     The  author  of  a  classical  dictionary,  for 


many  years  the  standard  work  of  its  class.     Jovb* 
Fiend. 

Lem'-u-res.  Spirits  who  could  not  find  rest.  Jove- 
Fiend. 

lend.  To  give  the  temporary  use  of.  Loan-Borrow- 
ing; lend  a  color  to,  Pretext;  lend  a  hand,  Action- 
Passiveness,  Readiness -Reluctance;  lend  aid, 
Obstruction-Help;  lend  countenance,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help; lend  oneself  to,  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Assent-Dissent,  Obstruction-Help;  lend 
on  security,  Loan-Borrowing;  lend  wings  to,  Ob 
struction-Help. 

lend'-er.  One  who  lends.  Credit-Debt,  Loan-Bor- 
rowing; money-lender,  Dealer,  Loan-Borrowing 

lend'-ing.     A  loan.     Loan-Borrowing. 

length.  Longitudinal  extent.  Length-Shortness  ; 
at  length,  Earliness-Lateness,  Length-Short- 
ness; full  length,  Painting;  go  all  lengths,  Activ- 
ity-Indolence, Determination-Vacillation,  En- 
tirety-Deficiency, Toil-Relaxation;  go  great 
lengths,  Gull-Hyperbole;  length  and  breadth  of, 
Whole-Part;  length  and  breadth  of  the  land,  Ex- 
tension-Inextension,  Publicity;  length*  of  time, 
Lastingness-Transientness. 


LENGTH— SHORTNESS 


Extension.    The  state  of  being  drawn  out  or  protracted. 
Length.    A  portion  of  space  of  definite  extent. 
Lengthening,  etc.    The  act  of  stretching  out.    See  Verbs. 
Longitude.    Measure  of  distance  along  the  longest  line 
Production.    A  lengthening. 
Prolongation.    The  act  of  lengthening  in  space. 
Protraction.    The  act  of  drawing  out. 
Span.    Spread  or  extent. 

Tensure  I  The  state  of  being  stretched  out- 

Length — Associated  Nouns. 

Bar.    A  piece  of  wood,  metal,  or  other  material,  long  in  proportion  to 

its  breadth  or  thickness. 
Line.    That  which  has  length,  but  not  breadth  or  thickness. 
Radius.    The  semidiameter  of  a  circle  or  sphere. 
Rule,     A  straight  strip  of  metal,  wood,  or  the  like,  which  serves  as  a 

guide  in  drawing  a  straight  line. 
Spoke-    The  radius  or  ray  of  a  wheel. 

Streak.    A  long  mark  of  a  different  color  from  the  ground. 
Strife.    A  line  or  long  narrow  division  of  anything. 

Length — Measures  of  Length. 

Chain.    A  measure  of  66  feet. 

Cubit.    A  measure  of  length,  being  the  distance  from  the  elbow  to  the 

extremity  of  the  middle  finger. 
Ell.    A  measure  of  cloth  of  45  inches;  an  arm. 
Fathom.    A  measure  of  length  containing  6  feet. 
Foot.    A  measure  of  length  of  1 2  inches. 
Furlong.    The  eighth  part  of  a  mile. 

Hand-breadth  i  ^  measure  e9.ual  to  a  hand's  breadth. 
Inch.    A  measure  of  length,  the  twelfth  part  of  a  foot. 
Kilometer.    A  measure  of  length,  being  a  thousand  meters. 
League.    A  measure  of  length,  being  about  three  miles. 
Line.    A  measure  of  length,  one-twelfth  of  an  inch. 
Mile.    A  measure  of  length  containing  5  280  feet. 
Nail.    A  measure  of  length  of  two  inches  and  a  quarter. 
Palm.    A  lineal  measure  equal  to  the  breadth  of  a  hand. 

d    .  *  J  A  measure  of  length  equal  to  5  M  yards. 

Rood.     One-fourth  of  an  acre. 
Yard.   A  measure  of  3  feet. 

Length — Nouns  of  Instrument. 

Pedometer.  An  instrument  for  measuring  distance  by  indicating  the 
number  of  steps  taken. 

Perambulator.    A  surveyor's  instrument  for  measuring  distances. 

Scale,  etc.  A  series  of  spaces  marked  by  lines,  and  representing  pro- 
portionately larger  distances.    See  Mensuration. 


Abbreviature.    The  act  of  shortening. 

Brevity.    Shortness. 

Conciseness,  etc.    Brevity  in  speaking  and  writing.    See  Terseness 

Concision.    Act  of  making  shorter. 

Curtailment.    Act  of  shortening  by  cutting  off  the  end. 

Decuration.    The  act  of  shortening. 

Littleness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  small.     See  Grbatness-Littlb- 

NESS. 

Reduction,  etc.      The  act  of  making  smaller.      See  Enlargement 

Diminution. 
Retrenchment.    The  act  of  lessening  or  shortening. 
Shortening,  etc.    Act  of  making  shorter.    See  Verbs. 
Shortness,  etc.    The  state  of  being  not  long.    See  Adjectives. 

Shortness — Associated  Nouns. 

Abbreviation.  The  form  to  which  a  word  or  phrase  is  reduced  by  con- 
traction or  omission. 

Abridgment.    A  shortened  or  abridged  form,  as  of  a  book. 

Elision.  The  cutting  off  or  suppression  of  a  vowel  or  syllable  for  the 
sake  of  meter. 

Ellipsis.  The  omission  of  one  or  more  words  in  writing,  which  are  ob- 
viously understood. 

Epitome,  etc.  A  work  in  which  the  contents  of  a  former  work  are  re- 
duced within  a  smaller  space.    See  Digest. 

Span.    A  small  space  or  a  brief  portion  of  time. 

Shortness — Verbs. 
Abbreviate.   To  make  short. 
Abridge.    To  shorten. 

Be  short,  etc.    To  be  limited  in  extent.    See  Adjectives. 
Check  the  growth  of.    To  prevent  or  hinder  the  increase  in  size  of. 
Chop  up.    To  cut  to  pieces. 
Clip.    To  cut  short  as  with  scissors. 
Compress,  etc.     To  force  into  a  smaller  space.    See  Enlargement 

Diminution. 
Crop.    To  cut  off  closely. 
Curtail.    To  cut  off  the  end;  shorten. 
Cut.    To  separate  into  parts. 
Cut  down.    To  cause  to  make  shorter. 
Cut  short.    To  abridge. 
Dock.   To  cut  off  a  part  of. 

Epitomize,  etc.    To  make  an  abstract;  shorten.    See  Digest 
Foieshorten.    To  represent  as  seen  obliquely. 
Hack.    To  cut  to  pieces. 
Hew.   To  cut  off. 

Lop.    To  shorten  by  cutting  off  the  extremities. 
Mow.    To  cut  down  with  a  scythe. 
Nip.    To  cut  off  the  ends. 
Obtruncate.   To  deprive  of  a  limb 
Pare  down.    To  cut  down  little  by  little. 
Pollard.   To  lop  the  tops  of. 
Prune.    To  cut  off  anything  superfluous. 
Reap.    To  cut  with  a  sickle,  as  grain. 
Reduce.    To  diminish. 


LENGTH. 


596 


LEOPARD. 


LENGTH— SHORTNESS—  Continued. 


Length —  I  'erbs . 


Be  long,  etc.    To  be  extended,  or  drawn  out.    See  Adjectives. 

Drag  its  slow  length  along. 

Brawl.   To  draw  out  to  a  tiresome  length. 

Draw  out.  To  stretch  out. 

Elongate.    To  make  long;  extend. 

Enfilade.    To  rake  lengthwise  with  shot  or  missiles. 

Extend.    To  prolong  in  a  single  direction;  stretch  out. 

Extend  to.    To  stretch  out  to 

Lengthen.    To  make  long. 

Let  out.    To  extend. 

Look  along.    To  estimate  the  length  by  sight. 

Make  a  long  arm .    To  reach  out . 

Produce.    To  lengthen  out. 

Prolong.    To  extend  in  length  or  space. 

Protract.    To  draw  out;  lengthen. 

Reach  to.    To  extend  to. 

Render  long.    To  make  long. 

Spin  out.    To  draw  out  to  a  great  length. 

Sprawl.    To  lie  with  the  limbs  stretched  out. 

Stretch.  \  -  .  . 
ml  *  t_  .  To  extend. 
Stretchout.) 

Stretch  to.   To  reach  to;  extend  to. 

View  in  perspective.    To  view  so  that  objects  appear  extended,  while 

they  really  are  in  a  plane. 

Length — Adjectives. 


|  Comparative  degrees  of  length. 


As  long  as  my  arm. 

As  long  as  to-day  and  to-morrow. 

Interminable.    Without  limit  or  end. 

Lengthened,  etc.    Made  long;  extended.    See  Verbs. 

Lengthy.    Having  length;  very  long. 

, .  |  Pertaining  to  a  line  or  measure  of  length. 

Long.    Extended;  stretched  out. 

Longitudinal.    Pertaining  to  or  extending  in  length. 

Longsome.    Extended  in  length. 

No  end  of.    Without  limit. 

Oblong.    Having  one  principal  axis  longer  than  the  other. 

Outstretched.    Expanded. 

Sesquipedalian*  etc.       A  foot  and  one-half  long,  said  especially  of 

long  words.     See  Simplicity-Floridness. 
Unshortened,  etc.    Not  shortened.    See  Length-Shortness. 
Wiredrawn.    Stretched  out  like  wire. 

Length — Adverbs. 

Along.    In  a  line  with  the  length. 

At  length.    In  a  long  or  protracted  manner. 

Endlong.    In  a  line. 

Fore-and-aft.    From  one  end  of  a  vessel  to  the  other. 


SHORTNESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Render  short,  etc.     To  make  short.     See  Adjectives. 

Retrench.    To  lessen;  curtail. 

Scrimp.    To  shorten. 

Shave.     To  cut  off  from  the  surface  of  a  body  with  a  keen-edged  in- 

strument. 
Shear.    To  cut  off  with  scissors  or  a  similar  instrument. 
Shorten.    To  make  less  in  length. 
Snub.    To  clip  the  ends  of. 
Stunt.    To  confine  or  hinder  the  growth  of. 
Take  in.  To  draw  into  a  smaller  compass. 
Truncate.    To  cut  off. 

Sh  ortness — 4  djectives. 
Brief.    Short;  not  long. 
Compact.    Brief;  not  diffuse. 
Compendious.    Abridged;  shortened. 

Concise*  etc.    Short;  brief;  compendious.    See  Terseness. 
Curt.    Short. 

Curtailed  of  its  fair  proportion.    Having  part  broken  off. 
Dumpy.    Short  and  thick. 

Little,  etc.    Not  large;  small.     See  Greatness-Littleness. 
Oblate.    Flattened  at  the  poles. 
Pug.    Short  and  thickset . 
Scrimp.    Short. 
Shorn.    Cut  off  by  shears. 
Short.    Not  long;  limited  in  extent. 
Short  by.    Not  sufficiently  long. 

Squat.    Short  and  thick. 

Stubbyd'}Shortandthick' 

Stumpy.    Short  and  thickset. 

Summary.    Reduced  into  a  narrow  compass. 

Thickset.    Having  a  short,  thick  body. 

Shortness — Adverbs. 
In  short,  etc.   Concisely;  briefly.    See  Terseness. 
Shortly,  etc.     In  a  short,  brief  manner.    See  Adjectives. 


Throughout   the 
whole  distance. 


LENGTH — Adverbs— Continued. 

From  end  to  end. 

From  head  to  foot. 

From  stem  to  stern. 

From  the  crown  of  the  head  to  the  sole  of  the  foot 

From  top  to  toe. 

In  a  line.    Lengthwise. 

In  perspective.    In  the  appearance  of  a  solid  while,  in  fact,  in  a  plane. 

Lengthwise.    In  the  direction  of  the  length. 

Longitudinally .    In  the  direction  of  length . 

Tandem.    One  behind  the  other,  as  horses  in  harness. 


length'-en.  To    elongate.  Length-Shortness; 

lengthen  out,  Earliness-Lateness,  Lastingness- 
Transientness. 

length'-ened.     Elongated.     Length-Shortness. 

length'-en-ing.     Making  longer.     Length-Shortness. 

length'-wise.  In  a  longitudinal  direction.  Length- 
Shortness. 

length'-y.  Unduly  long;  protracted.  Length-Short- 
ness, Terseness-Prolixity. 

le'-nience.     Forbearance.     Harshness-Mildness. 

le'-nien-cy.  Mildness.  Compassion-Ruthlessness, 
Harshness-Mildness. 

le'-nient.  Merciful;  mild.  Compassion-Pitiless- 
ness,  Harshness-Mildness,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

len'-i-fy.     To  assuage.     Turbulence-Calmness. 

len'-i-tave.  An  application  that  tends  to  allay  pain; 
soothing.  Alleviation- Aggravation,  Remedy- 
Bane,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

len'-i-ty.  Forbearance.  Harshness-Mildness,  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness. 

lens.  A  piece  of  glass,  or  other  transparent  substance, 
one  of  whose  two  surfaces  is  a  surface  of  revolution. 
Optical  Instruments,  Sight-Dimsightedness. 


Lent.  A  fast  of  forty  days  observed  as  a  period  of 
penance  and  self-denial.  Ceremonial,  Fasting- 
Gluttony. 

len'-ten.  Spare.  Fasting-Gluttony,  Periodicity- 
.  Irregularity;  lenten  diet,  Fasting-Gluttony; 
lenten  entertainment,  Fasting-Gluttony. 

len-tic'-u-lar.  Lentiform.  Convexity-Concavity, 
Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

len'-ti-form.  Lenticular.  Convexity-Concavity, 
Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

len'-tor.  Viscidity;  slowness.  Activity-Indolence, 
Swiftness-Slowness,  Viscidity-Foam. 

len'-tous.     Tenacious.     Viscidity-Foam. 

leonem  ex  ungue  [L.]  (lt-o'-nem  ex  un'-gwi).  From 
his  claw  [we  may  recognize]  the  lion.     Sign. 

hones,  noli  irritate  [L.]  (li-o'-nlz,  no'-lai  ir-ri-te'-ri) . 
Avoid  irritating  the  lions.  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion. 

le'-o-nine  ver'-ses.  Latin  verses  in  which  the  syllable 
ending  the  verse  has  assonance  with  the  syllable  just 
before  the  cesural  pause.     Poetry-Prose. 

leop'-ard.  The  panther,  a  carnivorous  mammal  usually 
spotted  over  with  dark  brown  or  black.  Variega- 
tion;    leopard's   spots,    Mutability-Stability. 


LEPER. 


597 


LETTER. 


lep'-er.  One  afflicted  with  leprosy.  Health-Sick- 
ness. 

lep'-re-chawn.  A  fairy  fabled  to  help  housewives. 
Jove-Fiend. 

lep'-ro-sy.  A  chronic  skin-disease.  Health-Sick- 
ness. 

lep'-rous.     Having  leprosy.     Health-Sickness. 

lese"-maj'-es-ty.  Any  crime  against  the  sovereign 
power.     Insubordination-Obedience. 

less.  Smaller;  inferior,  not  so  much.  Addition-Sub- 
traction, Supremacy-Subordinacy;  less  than  no 
time,  Eternity-Instantaneity. 

less'-ee.  A  person  to  whom  a  lease  is  granted.  Giv- 
ing-Receiving,  Holder. 

less'-en.  To  lower;  to  decrease.  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Increase-Decrease,  Turbulence- 
Calmness;  lessen  an  evil,  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion. 

less'-en-ing.  The  act  of  becoming  or  making  less.  En- 
largement-Diminution, Increase-Decrease. 

less'-er.     Less.     Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

les'-son.  The  thing  taught  or  learned;  a  warning. 
Education-Learning,  Warning;  give  a  lesson  to, 
Recompense-Punition  ;  read  a  lesson  to,  Approval- 
Disapproval;  say  one's  lesson,  Remembrance- 
Forgetfulness. 

les'-sor.  The  person  who  grants  a  lease.  Credit- 
Debt. 

lest.     For  fear  that.     Quest-Evasion. 

let.  (i)  To  permit;  to  give  leave  to;  to  lease;  Buy- 
ing-Sale,  Leave-Prohibition,  Loan-Borrowing, 
Security;  apartments  to  let,  Sagacity-Incapacity; 
let  alone,  Action-Passiveness,  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion, Completion-Noncompletion,  Conventional- 
ity -  Unconventionality,  Liberty  -  Subjection, 
Movement-Rest,  Mutation-Permanence,  Quest- 
Evasion,  Use-Disuse;  let  be,  Action-Passiveness, 
Discontinuance  -Continuance,  Mutation  -  Per- 
manence ;  let  blood,  Admission-Expulsion,  Remedy- 
Bane;  let  down,  Elevation-Depression,  Selfre- 
spect-Humbleness;  let  down  easily,  Pardon-Re- 
venge; let  fall,  Ascent-Descent,  Elevation-De- 
pression, Enlightenment- Secrecy,  Exposure  - 
Hidingplace,  Speech  -  Inarticulateness;  let  fly, 
Push-Pull,  Turbulence-Calmness;  let  fly  at,  At- 
tack-Defense ;  let  gO,CAREFULNESS-NEGLECT,  KEEP- 

ing-Relinquishment,Release-Restraint,Taking- 
Restitution  ;  let  I  dare  not,  wait  upon  I  would,  Deter- 
mination-Vacillation, Sanguineness- Timidity  ; 
let  in,  Admission-Expulsion,  Environment-Inter- 
position, Truth-Error;  letinto,  Exposure-Hiding- 
place,  Knowledge-Ignorance;  let  off,  Duty-Im- 
munity, Exculpation-Conviction,  Leave-Prohi- 
bition, Pardon-Revenge,  Push-Pull,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness; let  one  know,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy;  let  out,  Admission-Expulsion,  Concen- 
tration -  Radiation,  Enlightenment  -  Secrecy, 
Gathering-Scattering,  Release-Restraint;  let 
out  at,  Attack-Defense;  let  pass,  Action-Passive- 
ness, Carefulness-Neglect;  let  slip,  Careful- 
ness-Neglect, Completion-Noncompletion,  Gain- 
Loss,  Keeping-Relinquishment,  Opportuneness- 
Unsuitableness,  Release-Restraint;  let  the  mat- 
ter stand  over,  Earliness-Lateness;  let  things  take 
their  course,  Action-Passiveness,  Discontinuance- 
Continuance;  let  well  alone,  Action-Passive- 
ness, Contentedness- Discontentment,  Move- 
ment-Rest, Recklessness-Caution;  to  let,  Prof- 
fer-Refusal. 

let.  (2)  To  hinder.     Obstruction-Help. 

le'-thal.      Deadly;  fatal.     Life-Killing. 

lethahs  arundo,  hceret  lateri  [L.]  (leth-S'-lis  a-run'-do, 
hl'-ret  lat'-er-ai) .  The  fatal  arrow  clings  fast  in  her 
side.    Favorite-Anger. 


le-thar'-gic.  Drowsy,  languid,  or  apathetic.  Activity- 
Indolence. 

leth'-ar-gy.  Inaction,  indifference,  or  dulness;  apathy. 
Activity-Indolence,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

Le'-the.  The  stream  of  Oblivion  in  the  lower  world. 
Waters   of    Lethe,    Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

Le-the'-an.  Inducing  oblivion.  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness. 

le-thif'-er-ous.  Inducing  sleep;  deadly.  Liie-Kill- 
ing. 

let'-ter.  A  character  of  the  alphabet ;  an  epistle.  Let- 
ter, Missive-Publication,  Sign,  Writing-Print- 
ing; letter  of  credit,  Credit-Debt;  to  the  letter,  Imi- 
tation-Originality, Truth-Error. 

LETTER. 

Character.    The  peculiar  form  of  letters  used  by  a  particular  person  or 

people. 
Hieroglyphic*  etc.      A  character  used  in  Egyptian  picture-writing. 

See  Writing. 
Letter.    A  mark  used  to  represent  an  articulate  or  other  sound. 

Letter — De-notations. 

A-B-C.  The  first  three  letters  of  the  alphabet  used  for  the  whole 
alphabet. 

Abecedary.  A  hymn  or  psalm  in  which  the  verses  begin  with  the  suc- 
cessive letters  of  the  alphabet. 

Acrostic.  A  composition  usually  in  verse  in  which  the  first  or  last  let- 
ters of  the  lines,  or  of  words,  taken  in  their  order,  one  in  each  line, 
form  a  word  or  sentence. 

Affix.    One  or  more  letters  or  syllables  added  to  a  word. 

Alphabet.  The  letters  of  a  language  arranged  in  a  customary  order. 
Alpha  is  the  Greek  name  of  o,  beta  of  b. 

Anagram.  A  transposition  of  the  letters  of  a  name  by  which  a  new 
word  is  formed. 

Anagrammatism.    The  act  or  practise  of  making  anagrams. 

Capital.  A  leading  or  heading  letter  used  at  the  beginning  of  a  sen- 
tence. 

Christ-cross-row.  The  alphabet;  so  called  either  from  the  cross  usu- 
ally set  before  it,  or  from  a  custom  of  writing  it  in  the  form  of  a 
cross. 

Cipher.  A  private  alphabet,  system  of  characters,  or  other  mode  of 
writing,  contrived  for  the  safe  transmission  of  secrets. 

Consonant.  A  letter  representing  an  articulate  sound  which  in  utter- 
ance is  combined  with  a  vowel. 

Dental.    An  articulation  or  letter  formed  by  the  aid  of  the  teeth. 

Diphthong.    A  union  of  two  vowels  pronounced  in  one  syllable. 

Dissyllable.    A  word  of  two  syllables. 

Double  acrostic.  An  enigma  in  which  words  are  to  be  guessed  whose 
initial  and  final  letters  form  other  words. 

Guttural.   A  sound  formed  in  the  throat. 

Labial.    A  sound  formed  by  the  lips. 

Lingual.    A  sound  formed  by  the  tongue. 

Liquid.    A  letter  which  has  a  smooth,  flowing  sound. 

Majuscules  [L.].  Capital  letters,  as  found  in  the  early  Latin  manu- 
scripts. 

Metagrammatism.    The  practise  of  making  anagrams. 

Minusculte  [L.].  Small  letters,  as  found  in  the  early  Latin  manu- 
scripts. 

Monogram.  A  character  composed  of  two  or  more  letters  interwoven 
or  combined  so  as  to  represent  a  name. 

Monosyllable.   A  word  of  one  syllable. 

Mute.    A  letter  which  represents  no  sound. 

Orthography.  The  art  or  practise  of  writing  words  with  the  proper 
letters  according  to  standard  usage. 

Phonetic  spelling.  Spelling  in  sound  characters,  each  representing 
one  sound  only. 

Phonography.    A  representation  of  sounds  by  distinctive  characters. 

Polysyllable.    A  word  of  four  or  more  syllables. 

Prefix.     An  affix  before  the  root  of  a  word. 

Spelling.    The  formation  of  words  by  letters. 

Suffix.  A  letter,  letters,  syllable,  or  syllables  added  to  the  end  of  a 
word. 

Syllable.  An  elementary  sound,  or  a  combination  of  elementary 
sounds  uttered  together. 

Triphthong.     A  combination  of  three  vowels. 

Type.  A  raised  letter  or  character,  cast  in  metal  or  cut  in  wood,  used 
for  printing.    See  Writing-Printing. 

Vowel.  A  letter  or  character  which  represents  a  distinct,  vocal 
sound. 


LETTER. 


598 


LIBEL. 


Letter — A  djeclives. 

Abecedarian.    Formed  of  or  pertaining  to  the  letters  of  the  alphabet. 
Alphabetical.     Arranged  in  the  order  of,  pertaining  to,  or  furnished 

with  the  letters  of  the  alphabet. 
Cuneiform.     Wedge-shaped :  used  to  describe  a  kind  of  letter  used 

in  Mesopotamia.  • 

Hieratic.     Priestly:  used  to  describe  a  kind  of  hieroglyph. 
Literal.    Consisting  of  letters. 
Syllabic.    According  to  or  pertaining  to  syllables. 
Uncial,  etc.    Pertaining  to  a  species  of  large  letters  in  form,  some  like 

the  capitals,  some  like  the  small  letters.    See  Writing. 

let'-ter-bag".     A  bag  in  which  letters  are  contained  or 

carried.    Messenger. 
let'-tered.    Learned.    Knowledge-Ignorance. 
let'-ter-press".     Letters  and  words  printed.     Writing- 
Printing. 
let'-ters.     Literary  culture;    literature.     Knowledge- 
Ignorance,   Language;     in  large  letters,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance;  letters  of  marque,  Theft; 
man  of  letters,  Scholar-Dunce. 
lettres  de  cachet  [F.]  (letr  de  ca-she').     Secret  letters, 
sealed  by  the  royal  cachet,  containing   orders  for 
arrest  and  imprisonment  without  trial.     Release- 
Restraint. 
lettre  de  creance  [F.]  (letr  de  crSan's') .      Letter  of  credit. 

Exchange. 
let'-tuce.     A  kitchen  herb.    Nutriment-Excretion. 
leu"-co-phleg-mat'-ic.      Having  a  dropsical  condition, 
with  a  white,  bloated  skin.     Sensitiveness-Apathy. 
Le-vant'.       The  Eastern  Mediterranean  and  adjacent 

countries.    Laterality-Contraposition. 
le-vant'.     To  abscond.      Quest-Evasion. 
le-vant'-er.  (i)  An  easterly  gale  in  the  Mediterranean. 

River -Wind. 
le-vant'-er.  (2)  An   absconder.    Settlement-Default. 
le-vant'-ine.   Eastern;  Oriental.    Laterality-Contra- 
position. 
lev-ee'.     A  morning  reception,  concourse,  or  assembly; 
a  general  reception.      Scattering-Gathering,  So- 
ciability-Privacy. 
levie  en  masse  [F.]  (le-ve'  an'  mas) .    A  rising  in  a  body. 

Reprisal-Resistance. 
lev'-el.  Without  inequalities;  straight;  even;  to  re- 
move irregularities;  to  prostrate;  to  take  aim. 
Creation-Destruction,  Elevation-Depression, 
Equality-Inequality,  Erectness-Flatness,  Lev- 
elness, Smoothness-Roughness,  Uniformity-Di- 
versity; dead  level,  Erectness-Flatness;  level  at, 
Aim-Aberration,  Attack-Defense,  Purpose- 
Luck;  level  with  the  ground,  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Height-Lowness. 
lev'-el-ness.    The  state  of  being  level.    Levelness. 

LEVELNESS. 

Flatness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  flat.     See  Adjectives. 
Smoothness,  etc.     Freedom  from  roughness.     See  Smoothness. 

Levelness — Denotations. 

Plate.     A  flat,  or  nearly  flat,  piece  of  metal  or  crockery  for  table  use. 
Platter.     A  large  circular  vessel  of  metal,  wood,  or  earth,  glazed  and 

baked. 
Slab.     A  thin  piece  of  anything  having  plane  surfaces 
Table.     An  articl;  of  furniture,  consisting  of  a  flat  slab,  board,  or  the 

like,  having  a  smooth  surface,  fixed  horizontally  on  legs. 
Tablet     A  small  table  or  flat  surface 


Levelness — Nouns  of  Instrument. 


Level.     An  instrument  by  which  levelness  is  determined. 
Plane.     An  instrument  for  leveling  surfaces. 

Levelness — Verbs. 
Flatten.     To  make  flat. 

Level,  etc.     To  make  level      See  Erectness-Flatness. 
Render  flat.     To  make  level. 


Levelness — Adjectives. 
Discoid.     Disk-like. 

Even.     Free  from  great  irregularities  or  roughness. 
Flat.     Free  from  projections  or  roundness. 
Flat  as  a  board. 
Flat  as  a  flounder. 
Flat  as  a  fluke. 
Flat  as  a  pancake. 
Flat  as  my  hand. 
Flush.     On  the  same  level. 
Level,  etc.     Free  from  rises  or  falls 
Plane.     Exactly  flat. 
Scutiform.     Shaped  like  a  shield. 


Expressions  for  degrees  of  flatness  or  Ievelnesa. 


See  Erectness-Flatness. 


lev  -er.     A  mechanical  device;   that  which  exerts  great 
power.       Cause-Effect,     Elevation-Depression 
Instrument.  ' 

lever  de  rideau  [F.]  (le-ve'  de  ri-do').     The  rise  of  the 

curtain.    Acting. 
lev'-er-age.     Increased    power   or    advantage.     Domi- 
nance-Impotence, Instrument. 
le-vi'-a-than.     A  large  animal  mentioned  in  the  Scrip- 
tures.   Greatness-Littleness. 
lev'-i-gate.     To  reduce  to  a  powder.      Friability. 
lev"-i-ga'-tion.     The  grinding  of  a  solid  substance  to  a 

fine,  impalpable  powder.    Friability. 
lev'-i-rate.    The  custom  of  marriage  between  a  man  and 

the  widow  of  his  brother.    Matrimony-Celibacy 
Le'-vite.     One  of  the  tribe  of  Levi.     Ministry-Laity 
Le-vit'-i-cus.    The  third  book  of  the  Pentateuch.    Rev- 

elation-Pseudorevelation. 
lev'-i-ty.    Lightness  of  humor  or  temperament ;  frivol- 
ity;    cheerfulness.      Consequence-Insignificance 
Determination-Vacillation,      Heaviness-Light- 
ness,   Lightheartedness-Dejection,     Reckless- 
ness-Caution. 
lev'-y.    To  exact  by  compulsion ;   to  impose  or  assess  a 
tax;  to  collect,  as  troops;  that  which  is  levied.    Bel- 
ligerent,     Gathering-Scattering,      Price-Dis- 
count, Taking-Restitution;  levy  blackmail,  Theft. 
lewd.    Libidinous.    Purity-Impurity. 
lex  loci  [L.]  (lex  lo'-sai) .    The  law  of  the  place.    Exten- 
sion-Place, Law-Lawlessness. 
lex  mercatoria   [L.]  (lex  mer-ke-to'-ri-a) .       Mercantile 

law.    Law-Lawlessness. 
lex  non  scripta  [L.]  (lexnon  scrip'-ta).    Unwritten  law; 
the  common  law  of  England.     Law-Lawlessness' 
lex  scripta  [L.]  (lex  scrip'-ta).      Written  law.      Law- 
Lawlessness,  Precept. 
lex  talionis  [L.]  (lex  tal-i-o'-nis) .    The  law  of  retaliation. 

Reprisal-Resistance,  Right-Wrong. 
lex"-i-cog'-ra-pher.  One  skilled  in   lexicography. 

Scholar-Dunce. 
lex"-i-cog'-ra-phy.   The  making  of  dictionaries.   Word- 
Neology. 
lex'-i-con.    A  dictionary.    Word-Neology. 
ley.    A  meadow-land.    Gulf-Plain. 
li"-a-bil'-i-ty.    The  state  of  being  liable;  that  for  which 
one  is  liable.      Contingency,  Credit-Debt,  Duty- 
Dereliction,  Liberty-Subjection,  Money. 
li'-a-ble.      Exposed,  as  to  damage,  penalty,  expense, 
burden,  or  anything  unpleasant  or  dangerous.    Con- 
tingency,  Credit-Debt,    Duty-Dereliction,    In- 
clination, Liberty-Subjection. 
li'-a-ble-ness.    The  state  of  being  liable.    Contingency. 
li"-ai-son'.    An  illicit  intimacy  between  two  persons  of 

opposite  sex.     Purity-Impurity. 
li'-ar.    One  who  tells  a  falsehood  or  falsehoods.    Gull- 
Deceiver. 
li-ba'-tion.    The  act  of  pouring  wine  in  honor  of  a  deity; 
that  which  is  poured  either  as  an  honor  to  a  deity,  or 
to  drink.    Nutriment-Excretion,  Sobriety-Intem- 
perance, Worship-Idolatry. 
li'-bel.     Defamation ;  slander  written  or  published.    Ad- 
ulation-Disparagement, Justification-Chargb. 


LIBELLER. 


599 


LIBERTY— SUBJECTION. 


li'-bel-ler.     One  who  libels  another.     Flatterer-De- 

FAMER. 

li'-bel-ous.  Of  the  nature  of  a  libel.  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement. 

lib'-er-al.  Open-handed;  plentiful.  Enough,  Gener- 
osity-Frugality, Unselfishness-Selfishness;  lib- 
eral arts,  Nature-Arts;  liberal  education,  Educa- 
tion-Misteaching,  Knowledge-Ignorance;  over 
liberal,  Extravagance-Avarice. 

Iib'-er-al-ism.  Opposite  of  conservatism.  Liberty- 
Subjection,  Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

lib"-er-al'-i-ty.  Bountifulness;  catholicity.  Generos- 
ity-Frugality, Giving-Receiving,  Unselfishness- 
Selfishness. 

lib'-er-ate.  To  free;  to  disengage.  Chemistry,  Ex- 
culpation-Conviction, Release-Restraint. 

lib'-er-a"-ted.    Freed.    Release-Restraint. 

lib"-er-a'-tion.  The  act  of  delivering  from  restraint. 
Escape,  Release-Restraint,  Rescue. 

liberavi   animam   meant    [L.]    (lib-er-d'-vai    an'-im-am 


mi'-am).  I  have  freed  my  mind.  Craft-Artless- 
ness. 

lib'-er-tin-age.    Debauchery.    Purity-Impurity. 

lib'-er-tine.    Licentious;  a  debauchee.     Purity-Rake. 

lib'-er- tin-ism.    Debauchery.    Purity-Impurity. 

liberias,  ubi  patria,  ubi  [L.]  (lib-er'-tas,  yu'-bai  pe'- 
tri-a,  yu'-bai) .  Where  liberty  is,  there  is  my  father- 
land.    Dweller-Habitation,  Liberty-Subjection. 

libertatem  est  vendere,  beneficium  accipere  [L.]  (lib-er- 
tS'-tem  est  ven'-der-i,  ben-i-fi'-shi-um  ac-sip'-er-i) . 
To  accept  a  favor  is  to  sell  your  liberty.  Volition- 
Obligation. 

lib'-er-ty.  Freedom;  privilege;  freedom  from  necessity. 
Dueness-Undueness,  Duty-Immunity,  Leave-Pro- 
hibition, Liberty-Subjection;  gain  one's  liberty, 
Release-Restraint;  liberty-hall,  Liberty-Sub- 
jection; set  at  liberty,  Duty-Immunity,  Release- 
Restraint;  take  a  liberty,  Harshness-Mildness, 
Liberty  -  Subjection,  Politeness  -  Impoliteness, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness. 


LIBERTY— SUBJECTION. 


Affranchisement.     Enfranchisement. 

Allodium.     Absolutely  free  tenure  of  land. 

Autonomy.     Self-government  in  a  tributary  state. 

Denization.     Act  of  making  one  a  denizen. 

Denizen.  An  alien  made  a  citizen  by  letters-patent  from  the 
sovereign. 

Elbow-room.     Room  for  activity. 

Emancipation.     Release  from  bondage. 

Enfranchisement.     Endowment  with  political  privileges. 

Exemption.     Freedom  from  that  to  which  others  are  subject. 

Facility.     Freedom  from  difficulty. 

Franchise.     A  privilege  granted  by  a  government. 

Frankalmoigne.  An  ancient  religious  tenure  of  land  upon  distribut- 
ing free  alms 

Freedom.     State  of  not  being  subject  to  any  restraint. 

Free  play.  ~| 

Free  scope.  >  Plenty  of  room  for  activity. 

Free  stage  and  no  favor. ) 

Free  trade.     Trade  unrestricted  by  protective  tariffs. 

Full  play.    |  pIent    of  for  activity 

Full  scope.) 

Full  swing.     Unrestrained  liberty. 

Immunity.  Exemption  based  on  title,  position,  or  the  nature  of 
things. 

Independence.  Freedom  from  dependence  upon  or  restraint  by 
others. 

Latitude.     Undue  liberty. 

Liberalism.  Principles  of  those  opposed  to  aristocracy,  monarchy, 
or  narrowness  in  thought  or  religion. 

Liberty.     Power  of  putting  one's  will  into  action. 

License.     Unbounded  liberty;  lack  of  all  due  restraint. 

Margin.     Range  of  action. 

Mortmain.  Inalienable  tenure  of  land  held  by  religious  corporations. 

Non-interference.     Freedom  from  outside  restraint. 

Play.     1 

R  f  Room  f°r  activity. 

Scope.    J 

Self-government.     Government  of  an  individual  or  state  by  itself. 

8wing.     Full  liberty. 

Wide  berth.     Room  for  activity. 

Liberty — Associated  Nouns. 

Denizen.  One  who  is  admitted  to  all  or  parts  of  the  rights  of  citizen- 
ship, where  he  did  not  possess  them  by  birth. 

Freedtnan.     A  man  who  has  been  a  slave,  and  has  been  set  free. 

Freehold.     An  estate  in  real  property,  of  inheritance  or  for  life. 

Freeland,  A  land  in  which  its  citizens  enjoy  full  personal  and  politi- 
cal libsrtie^. 

Freeman.     One  who  is  not  subject  to  the  will  of  another. 

Liberty  Htll.  [This  is  Liberty  Hall.  You  may  do  just  as  you 
please.      Goldsmith,  She  Stoops  to  Conquer,  II,  i  ] 

Liveryman.  A  freeman  of  the  city,  in  London,  who,  having  paid 
certain  fees,  is  entitled  to  wear  the  distinguishing  dress  of  the 
company  to  which  he  belongs. 

Liberty — Verbs. 

Affranchise.     To  enfranchise. 

Allow  scope,  etc.     See  Nouns. 


Bondage.     The  lowest  form  of  slavery. 

Clientship.     State  of  a  plebeian  under  the  protection  of  a  patrician. 

Constraint.     Restrictions  upon  the  movements. 

Dependence. j 

Dependence,  >-  State  of  being  subject  to  the  control  of  another. 

Dependency.) 

Employ.     Voluntary  service. 

Enslavement.     Act  of  making  one  a  siave. 

Enthral lment.     Enslavement;   especially  of  the  mind  or  senses. 

Feudalism. !  System     of    land    tenure    conditioned    upon    military 

Feudality.  J       service.  # 

Involuntary  servitude.     Slavery,  as  that  of  Slavs  to  Germans. 

Liability.     State  of  being  bound  in  law. 

Obedience.     Submission  to  authority. 

Oppression.     Imposition  of  unreasonable  hardships. 

Serfdom.     Condition  of  one  belonging  to  the  soil. 

Service.     Work  for  another. 

Servitorship.     Condition  of  a  servitor. 

Servitude.     Compulsory  service. 

Slavery.     Condition  of  a  man  owned  by  another,  as  Slavs  were  by 

the  Germans. 
Subjection.     State  of  being  under  the  power  of  another. 
Subjugation.     Act  of  reducing  to  subjection. 
Submission.     Compliance  with  law  or  commands. 
Subordination.     Subjection  to  a  superior. 
Tendence.     Care  and  attention;   service. 

ThralldomJ  Slavery=  especially  of  the  mind. 

Tutelage.     State  of  being  under  training  and  instruction. 

Vassalage.     Condition  of  a  feudal  tenant. 

Villenage.     State  of  a  villain  or  serf. 

Yoke.     Slavery;  servitude. 


Subjection — Verbs. 
Be  a  football.  ■) 

Be  a  mere  machine.  >  Be  slavishly  subject  to  the  will  of  another 
Be  a  puppet.  J 

Be  at  the  mercy  of.     Be  in  the  power  of.   [Mercy  meant  ransom.] 
Bethrall.     See  Enthrall. 
Break  in.     Teach  the  rudiments. 
Depend  upon.     To  be  unable  to  get  along  without. 
Drag  a  chain.     To  be  in  bondage. 
Drag  at  one's  chariot  wheels.   To  triumph  over.    ["What  tributaries 

follow  him  to  Rome  to  grace  in  captive  bonds  his  chariot  wheels  ?  ** 

Shakespeare,  Julius  C&sar,  I,  i.] 
Drive  into  a  corner.     To  have  one  almost  conquered. 
Enthrall.     To  enslave;   especially  the  mind. 
Enslave.     To  put  one  into  the  complete  ownership  and  control  of 

another. 

Fall  under.       J  To  become  conquered  by. 

Hang  upon.     To  depend  upon. 

Hold  at  the  sword's  point.     To  hold  in  one's  power. 

Hold  in  bondage.     Hold  in  abject  slavery. 

Hold  in  leading  strings.     To  have  another  under  the  power  of  one*» 

will. 
Hold  in  swaddling  clothes.     To  control  as  a  child 
Inthrall.     To  enthrall. 


LIBERTY. 


600 


LIBITUM. 


LIBERTY— SUBJECTION— Continued. 


LIBERTY— Verbs— Continued. 


To  have  freedom. 


■  Not  to  molest  or  restrain. 


Be  free,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Do  what  cne  chooses. 

Do  what  one  likes. 

Do  what  one  pleases. 

Do  what  one  wishes. 

Enfranchise.     To  grant  political  privileges. 

Feel  at  home.     Free  to  act  as  one  likes. 

Give  a  horse  his  head.     To  allow  him  to  choose  his  gait  and  course. 

Give  a  loose  to.     To  give  free  vent. 

Give  scope,  etc      See  Nouns. 

Give  the  franchise.     To  give  the  right  to  vote. 

Give  the  freedom  of.     Give  all  the  privileges  of. 

Go  at  large.     To  be  free. 

Have  a  will  of  one's  own.     To  be  independent  in  thought  and  action. 

Have  one's  own  fling.     To  enjoy  oneself  to  the  full. 

Have  one's  own  way.     To  be  free  to  act. 

Have  scope,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Have  the  run  of.     Have  lull  enjoyment  of. 

Laisser  alter [F.l). 

Laisser  faire  [F.fl. 

Leave  alone. 

Leave  to  oneself. 

Let  alone 

Live  and  let  li^e.     To  be  happy  and  allow  others  to  be  happy. 

Make  free  of.     Allow  all  the  privileges  of. 

Make  free  with.     To  be  liberal  or  lavish  with. 

Make  oneself  at  home.     To  be  free  to  act  as  one  likes. 

Paddle  one's  own  canoe.  To  be  free  to  choose  and  act.  "To  your- 
self be  true,  And  where'er  you  be.  Paddle  your  own  canoe."  [S  J. 
Bolton,  Canoe,  I.] 

Set  free.    To  make  free. 

Shift  for  oneself.     To  think  and  act  for  oneself. 

Stand  on  one's  legs.     To  take  care  of  oneself. 

Stand  on  one's  rights.     To  insist  upon  one's  rights. 

Take  a  liberty.     To  be  unduly  free. 

Take  French  leave.  Take  secret  departure.  Leaving  a  reception 
without  taking  leave  of  the  host  was  a  French  custom  in  the 
eighteenth  century. 

Take  leave.     To  take  permission. 

Use  a  freedom.     Take  advantage  of  a  privilege. 

Liberty — Adjectives, 

Absolute.     Free  from  any  limitation. 

Allodial.     Absolutely  free  of  rent  or  service. 

At  ease.     Free  from  pain  or  discomfort. 

At  large.     At  liberty 

At  one's  ease.     Unembarrassed. 

Autonomous.     Pertaining  to  autonomy. 

D6gag6  [F.[|.     Free  from  constraint;  easy. 

Discretionary.     Left  to  one's  own  judgment. 

Exempt.     Free  from  that  to  which  others  are  subject. 

Free.     Not  under  restraint. 

Free  and  easy.     Having  little  regard  for  conventionality. 

Free  as  air.     Absolutely  free. 

Freeborn.     Free  by  birth. 

Freed.     Set  at  liberty. 

Freehold.     Of  full  legal  tenure. 

Going  a  begging.     Without  an  owner. 

Gratis.     Without  reward. 

Independent.     Without  restraint  by  or  dependence  upon  other*. 

In  full  swing.     In  unrestrained  liberty. 

Irrepressible.     Not  to  be  kept  back 

Left  to°oneself  j  Unmolested:  forsaken 

Loose.     Not  confined,   dissolute. 

Out  of  harness.     Free  from  restraint. 

Quite  at  home.     Free  to  act 

Rampant.     Wild;   excessively  prevalent- 

Scot-free.     Free  from  payment;  unhurt 

Spontaneous.     Acting  of  one's  own  accord. 

Unassailed;  unbiased;  unbound;  unbridled;  unbuttoned,  uncaught; 

unchained;  unchecked;  unclaimed;    uncompelled;  unconditional; 

unconfined;  unconstrained;  uncontrolled;  uncurbed;  unenslaved; 

unenthralled ;    unfettered;    unforced;    ungoverned;    unhindered; 

unlimited ;    unmuzzled ;    unobstructed ;    unprevented ;    unreined ; 


SU  BJECTION— Verbs— Continued. 

Keep  under.     Keep  in  one's  control. 

Lead  captive.     To  capture;  overcome. 

Lean  upon.     To  rely  greatly  upon  for  support. 

Lie  at  the  mercy  of.     Be  in  the  power  of. 

Master.     To  rule  or  manage. 

Wot  dare  to  say  one's  soul  is  his  own.     To  be  in  fearful  bondage. 

Obey.     To  carry  out  orders;  to  comply  with  commands. 

Play  second  fiddle.     To  take  a  subordinate  part 

SSS  5  SESiJ  t°  °btain  c°"'^  *"~  — 

Rule.     To  exercise  authority  over. 

Serve.     To  work  for  another. 

Subject.     To  make  subjects  of. 

Subjugate.     To  bring  under  military  control,  under  the  yoke. 

Submit.     To  cease  to  resist. 

Take  into  custody.     Put  into  safe-keeping. 

Tame.     To  make  docile. 

Tread  down.  ~| 

Tread  under  foot.  >To  oppress. 

Weigh  down.        J    . 

Subjection — A  djec  lives . 
A  slave  to.      Under  complete  control  of,  as  a  Slav  to  a  German 

master. 
At  one's  beck  and  call.     Servilely  obedient. 
At  the  feet  of.     In  submission  of. 
At  the  mercy  of.     In  the  power  of. 
Constrained.     Hindered  in  movement. 
Dependent.     Subject  to. 
Downtrodden.     Oppressed. 
Enslaved,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Feu  ,a  "       |  Pertaining  to  feudalism. 

Henpecked.     Domineered  over  by  a  wife. 

In  harness.     In  subjection. 

In  leading  strings.     Under  control  of  another  s  witt. 

In  subjection  to.     Under  the  power  of. 

In  the  clutches  of .  i 

In  the  hands  of.      >To  be  controlled  by. 

In  the  power  of.     J 

Led  by  the  nose.     Controlled  by  the  will  of  another,  like  a  bull  Off 

boar. 
Liable.     Bound  in  law. 

On  the  hip.     In  one's  power,  as  the  wrestler's. 
Overborne.       1  Crushed. 
Overwhelmed  J 

Parasitical.     Living  upon  another. 
Stipendiary.     Receiving  a  stipend. 
Subject.     Yielding  obedience  to  an  authority. 
Subjected.     Under  the  authority  of. 
Subordinate.     Inferior  in  classification. 
The  plaything  of.  \ 

The  puppet  of.       ?  Completely  controlled  by. 
The  sport  of.  » 

Under  control.     In  a  manageable  condition. 
Under  one;S  command.  |  Subordinate  to. 
Under  one  s  orders.       ) 

Under  one's  thumb.     Completely  in  one's  power. 
Under  the  lash.     In  slavery. 

Subjection — Adverb. 
Under.     In  subjection;  overpowered. 


LIBERTY — Adjectives — Continued. 

unrestrained;     unrestricted;     unshackled;     unsubject;     untra*- 
meled;  unvanquished.     Not  assailed ;  not  biased,  etc. 
Wanton.     Without  proper  moral  restraints. 

Liberty — Adverbs. 
Ad  libitum  [L.J.     At  will. 
Freely,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Liberty — Phrases. 
Regnant  populi  [L.J.    The  people  rule.     [Motto  of  Arkansas! 
Ubilibertas.ibt  patria  [L.|.     Where  liberty  is,  there  is  my  fatherland. 


iibet,  non  [L.]  (lai'-bet,  non).      It  does  not  please  me.      libitum,  ad  [L.]  (\ib'-i-txm\.  a.6).    As  often  as  you  please 
Desire-Distaste.  Enough,      Leave-Prohibition,     Liberty-Subjeo 

li-bid'-i-nous.    Full  of  sexual  desire.    Puritv-Impuritv.  tion.  Volition-Obligation. 


LIBRA. 


601 


LIFE— DEATH. 


Li'-bra.     Constellation.     Astronomy. 

li-bra'-ri-an.  One  who  has  charge  of  a  library  Mis- 
sive-Publication. 

li'-bra-ry.  A  collection  of  books,  etc.;  the  place  where 
such  a  collection  is  kept.  Contents-Receiver, 
Missive-Publication. 

li'-brate.     To  balance;  to  oscillate.     Vibration. 

li-bra'-tion.     Equipoise.     Astronomy,  Vibration. 

li'-bra-to-ry.     Oscillating.     Vibration. 

li-bret'-to.  A  book  containing  the  text  of  an  opera. 
Actino,  Missive-Publication. 

li'-cense.  Permission;  legal  permission;  unrestrained 
liberty  of  action.  Duen  iSs-Undueness,  Duty- 
Immunity,  Leave-Prohibition,  Liberty-Subjec- 
tion, Rule-License;  license  to  plunder,  Theft. 

li'-censed.     Permitted.      Rule-License. 

licentia  vatuin     [L.]      (li-sen'-shi-a    ve'-tum).       Poetic  . 
license.     Poetry-Prose,  Rule-License. 

li-cen'-ti-ate.  A  person  licensed  to  preach  or  practise  a 
profession.     Scholar-Dunce. 

li-cen'-tious.  Wanton;  loose.  Moderation-Self- 
indulgence,  Purity-Impurity. 

li-cen'-tious-ness.  Lewdness.  Moderation-Selfin- 
dulgence,  Rule-License. 

li'-chen.    A  low  cryptogamic  plant.    Fauna-Flora. 

lic'-it.  Lawful.  Dueness-Undueness,  Leave-Pro- 
hibition. 

lick.  To  lap;  to  overcome;  a  stroke  of  the  tongue. 
Nutriment  -  Excretion,  Recompense  -  Punition, 
Success-Failure;  lick  into  shape,  Form-Form- 
lessness, Preparation-Nonpreparation;  lick  the 
dust,  Adulation-Disparagement,  Success-Fail- 
ure. 

lick'-er-ish.  Tempting  the  appetite;  greedy;  lustful. 
Desire-Distaste,  Desire-Particularness,  Pala- 
tableness  -  Unpalatableness,   Purity  -  Impurity. 

Uck'-pen"-ny.    A  miser.    Extravagance-Avarice. 

Uck'-spit"-tle.  Vulgar  parasite.  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness. 

lic'-o-rice.  The  juice  of  the  root  of  a  tree  of  the  same 
name,  used  for  colds.     Remedy-Bane. 

lic'-tor.  One  of  a  body  of  Roman  public  officers. 
Judicature. 

lid.    The  cover  of  an  aperture.    Cover-Lining. 

Lid'-ford  law.     Lynch  law.     Law-Lawlessness. 

lie.  To  recline;  to  rest;  to  have  a  location.    Education- 

MlSTEACHING,        ErECTNESS  -  FLATNESS,        POSITION, 

Presence- Absence;  lie  at  one's  door,  Duty- 
Dereliction;  lie  at  the  mercy  of,  Liberty-Subjec- 
tion; lie  at  the  root  of,  Cause-Effect,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance; lie  by,  Action-Passive- 
ness;  lie  down,  Erectness-Flatness,  Toil-Re.- 
laxation;    lie    fallow,    Preparation-Nonprepara- 


tion, Toil-Relaxation  ;  lie  hid,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Manifestation-Latency;  lie  in,  Crea- 
tion-Destruction, Entity-Nonentity;  lie  in  am- 
bush, Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Exposure-Hiding- 
place;  lie  in  a  nutshell,  Digest,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness;  lie  in  one's  power,  Might-Impotence;  lie  i» 
wait  for,  Action-Passiveness,  Expectation-Sur- 
prise, Exposure-Hidingplace;  lie  on,  Suspension- 
Support;  lie  over,  Earliness-Lateness,  Occur- 
rence-Destiny; lie  perdu,  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy; lie  still,  Movement-Rest;  lie  to,  Action- 
Passiveness,  Movement-Rest;  lie  under,  Contin- 
gency; lie  under  a  necessity,  Volition-Obligatio; 
lie  under  error,  Truth-Error;  lie  upon,  Duty. 
Dereliction. 

lie.  To  utter  falsehood;  a  fabrication.  Truthful- 
ness -  Fabrication,  Truthfulness  -  Falsehood, 
Truthfulness-Fraud;  give  the  lie  to,  Assertion- 
Denial;  lie  like  a  trooper,  Truthfulness-False- 
hood; white  lie,  Ambiguity,  Craft-Artlessness, 
Pretext. 

liedertajel  [G.]  (li'-der-ta'-fel) .  A  singing  society  com- 
posed of  men.     Musician. 

lief.  Pleasing.  Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  as 
lief,  Choice-Neutrality,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

liege.  Sovereign;  a  sovereign.  Chief-Underling; 
liege  lord,  Chief-Underling. 

liege'-man.     A  vassal.     Chief-Underling. 

li'-en.  A  legal  claim  on  property ;  an  imperative  obliga- 
tion.    Credit-Debt,  Security. 

li'-en-ter-y.     Diarrhea.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

lieu.  Place;  stead.  Extension-Place;  in  lieu  of, 
Commutation-Permutation. 

lieu-ten'-ant.  An  officer  who  takes  the  place  of  another 
in  his  absence;  a  commissioned  officer.  Chief- 
Underling,  Representative;  lord  lieutenant,  Judi- 
cature. 

life.  The  state  of  being  alive;  animation;  spirit;  a 
biography;  the  actual  character;  period  of  efficient 
force.  Account,  Activity-Indolence,  Conduct, 
Life-Death,  Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Oc- 
currence-Destiny; animal  life,  Animality-Vege- 
tability;  battle  of  life,  Activity-Indolence;  breath 
of  life,  Life-Death;  civilized  life,  Society-Ludi- 
crousness;  come  to  life,  Renovation-Relapse; 
estate  for  life,  Property;  infuse  life  into,  Excita- 
tion; life  and  spirit,  Activity-Indolence;  life  or 
death,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Need,  Strife- 
Peace;  life  to  come,  Life-Death;  put  life  into,  Life- 
Death;  recall  to  life,  Renovation-Relapse;  see  life, 
Entertainment-Weariness;  support  life,  Life- 
Death;  take  away  life,  Life-Killing;  tenant  for  life, 
Holder. 


LIFE— DEATH. 


Animal  economy.  The  system  of  animal  life  in  which  means  are  ad- 
justed to  the  ends  of  animal  creation. 

Animation.    State  or  condition  of  being  alive. 

Archeus.  The  vital  principle  which  presides  over  the  growth  and  con- 
tinuation of  living  beings. 

Biology.  That  branch  of  knowledge  which  treats  of  living  matter  as 
distinct  from  that  which  is  not  living. 

Breath  of  life.     Figuratively,  that  which  gives  and  strengthens  life. 

Breath  of  one's  nostrils.      Figurativ  ily,  life. 

Existence,  etc.    The  state  of  being  or  existing.    See  Entity. 

Life.  The  state  of  an  animal  or  plant  in  which  any  or  all  of  its  organs 
are  capable  of  performing  any  or  all  their  functions. 

Life-blood.     The  blood  necessary  to  life. 

Life  to  come,  etc.    Immortality.    See  Occurrence-Destiny. 

nourishment.    That  which  serves  to  keep  up  life. 

Physiology.  The  study  of  the  processes  incidental  to,  and  character- 
istic of,  life. 

Prometheus.     The  demi-god  who  saved  men  and  gave  them  fire. 

Respiration.     The  act  of  taking  and  giving  out  air. 

Revivification,  etc.     The  act  of  recalling  to  life.     See  Renewal. 

Staff  of  life.     Bread,  the  principal  article  of  food. 


Asphyxia.     Apparent  death  from  suffocation. 

Bereavement.     The  loss  of  a  relative  by  death. 

Break-up  of  the  system.     Death. 

Cessation  of  life.     Death. 

Death.     Extinction  of  life  of  all  forms,  human,  animal,  or  vegetable. 

Decease.     Departure;  especially,  departure  from  this  life. 

Demise.     The  death  of  an  illustrious  person. 

Departure.     Death. 

Dissolution.     The  extinction  of  human  life. 

Doom,  etc.     Death.     See  Volition-Obligation. 

Ebb  of  life,  etc.     The  approach  of  death.     See  Life. 

End  of  life,  etc.     Death.     See  Beginning-End. 

Euthanasia.     An  easy  or  agreeable  death. 

Extinction  of  life.     Death. 

Mortality.     Subjection  to  death  or  to  the  necessity  of  dying;  death. 


Natural  decay. 


riuman  life;  death  not  caused  by  accident. 


Natural  death.)  Death  in  accordance  with  the  laws  which  govere 

yj      hu 
Obit.     Death. 
Quietus.     Figuratively,  death.     "  For  who  would  bear  the  whips 

and  scorns  of  time  .  .  .  when  he  himself  might  his  quietus  make 

with  a  bare  bodkin?"     [Hamlet,  III,  iv.l 


LIFE. 


602 


LIFE— DEATH. 


LIFE— DEATH— Continued. 


Viability.     The  state  of  being  capable  to  maintain  existence. 

Vital  flame.     The  life-giving  principle. 

Vitality.     The  state  of  being  alive. 

Vital  spark.     The  essential  of  life. 

Vivification.     Restoration  of  life. 

Wind.     Air  we  breathe. 

Lipb — Verbs. 

Be  alive,  etc.     To  be  in  a  state  of  animation.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  born.     To  be  brought  into  life. 

Be  spared.     To  be  kept  from  danger  or  death. 

Breathe.     To  inhale  and  exhale  air. 

Bring  to  life.     To  make  alive 

Come  into  the  world.     To  be  born. 

Come  to.     To  recover  as  from  a  faint. 

Come  to  life.     Return  to  life. 

Draw  breath.     To  breathe. 

Draw  the  breath  of  life.     To  be  living. 

Fetch  breath.     To  draw  breath. 

Fetch  the  breath  of  life.     To  live. 

Give  birth  to,  etc.     To  produce;  bring  to  life.    See  Creation. 

Have  nine  lives  like  a  cat.     To  have  great  vitality. 

Keep  alive.     To  maintain  life. 

Keep  body  and  soul  together.     To  keep  alive. 

Keep  the  wolf  from  the  door.     To  keep  out  hunger. 

Live.     To  have  life;  be  animated. 

Put  into  life.     To  bring  into  life. 

Quicken.     To  make  alive. 

Reanimate,  etc.     To  make  alive  again.     See  Renovation. 

Respire.     To  exhale  and  inhale  air;  breathe. 

Revive.     To  make  alive  again. 

See  the  light.     To  be  born. 

Strut  and  fret  one's  hour  upon  the  stage.  To  live  one's  life.  [Shake- 
speare, Macbeth,  V,  vj 

Subsist,  etc.     To  have  existence;  be.     See  Entity. 

Support  life.     To  maintain  life. 

Vitalize.     To  make  alive. 

Vivificate.     To  give  life  to*,  animate. 

Vivify.     To  endue  with  life;  make  alive. 

Walk  the  earth.     Live. 

Lip  e — A  djectives. 

Above  ground.     Unburied;  alive. 

Alive.     Filled  or  imbued  with  life;  not  dead. 

All  alive  and  kicking.     Full  of  life. 

Animated.     Having  the  vital  principle. 

Breathing.     Respiring. 

In  life.     Alive. 

In  the  flesh.     Alive. 

In  the  land  of  the  living.     Alive. 

Lively,  etc.     Quick;  active;  animated.     See  Activity. 

Living.     Having  life. 

On  this  side  of  the  grave.     Living. 

Promethean.  Having  a  life-giving  quality.  ["I  know  not  where  is 
that  Promethean  heat  that  can  thy  light  relume."  Shakespeare, 
Othello,  V,  ii.J 

Quick.     Alive;  animated;  living. 

Tenacious  of  life.     Hard  to  kill. 

Vital.     Relating  or  belonging  to  life. 

Vivified,  etc.     Made  alive.    See  Verbs. 

Vivifying.     Making  alive. 

Life — Adverb. 
Vivendi  causa  [L.|.     The  cause  of  living 

Life — Phrase. 
Non  est  vivere,  sed  valere,  vita  [L.|.      Not  to  live,  but  to  be  well,  is 
life. 


DEATH — Verbs — Continued  from  Column  a. 


Meet  one's  death . } 

Meet  one's  end.     >To  die. 

Pass  away.  J 

Pay  the  debt  to  nature.  To  expire,  as  all  must  in  the  course  of  nature. 

Perish.     To  be  destroyed ;  die;  lose  one's  life. 

Pop  off.     To  die  suddenly  or  unexpectedly. 

Receive  one's  death-warrant.     To  receive  the  order  for  one's  death. 

Relinquish  one's  life.     To  give  up  one's  life. 

Resign  one's  being.  "1 

Resign  one's  breath.  fTo  die  without  resistance. 

Resign  one's  life.       ' 

Shuffle  off  this  mortal  coil.     To  die.     [Shakespeare.  Hamlet,  III.  i.J 

Sink  into  the  grave.     To  die. 


Release.     Deliverance  from  life. 

Sudden  death.     Death  happening  unexpectedly. 

Suffocation.     Death  caused  by  smothering  or  ch  >king. 

Untimely  end.     Sudden  death. 

Violent  death.     A  death  by  accident  or  physical  force. 

Death — Associated  Nouns. 

Agonies  of  death.     The  last  struggle  of  life. 

Bill  of  mortality.     An  official  statement  of  the  number  of  deaths  in  i 

place  in  a  given  time. 
Death-bed.     The  bed  in  which  a  person  dies. 
Death-blow.     A  stroke  or  blow  which  causes  death.     See  Life-Kill, 

ing. 
Death-rattle.     A  gurgling  in  the  throat  of  a  dying  person. 
Death-song,  etc.     A  song  in  mourning  for  the  dead.     See  Jubila. 

tion-Lamentation. 
Death-warrant.     An  order  from  the  proper  authority  for  the  execu 

tion  of  a  criminal. 
Death-watch.     A  guard  placed  over  a  person  to  be  executed. 
Dying  agonies.     The  last  struggle  of  life. 
Dying  breath.     The  last  breath  of  life. 
Dying  day.     The  day  when  one  dies. 
Fatal  disease,  etc.     A  disease  that  causes  death.     See  Health-Sick. 

NESS. 

Last  agonies.     The  last  struggle  of  life. 

Last  breath.  |Theendof]ife 

Last  gasp.     > 

Necrology.     A  register  of  deaths. 

Obituary.     An  account  of  a  dead  person. 

Rigor  mortis  [L.jj.     The  stiffness  of  death. 

Death — Figurative  Nouns. 

Chant  de  cygne  [F.|,  the  song  of  the  dying  swan;  fall;  hand  of  death; 
jaws  of  death;  King  Death;  King  of  Terrors;  rest;  shades  of  death ; 
stroke  of  death;  Stygian  shore;  Valley  of  the  Shadow  of  Death; 
watery  grave. 

Death — Verbs. 

Be  all  over  with  one .     To  die . 

Be  no  more,  etc.     To  be  dead.     See  Adjectives. 

Betaken.     To  die.     [Euphemism.] 

Break  one's  neck.     To  die  a  violent  death. 

Breathe  one's  last.     To  expire;  die. 

Catch  one's  death. 

Cease  to  breathe. 

Cease  to  live. 

Close  one's  eyes. 

Come  to  an  untimely  end.     To  die  prematurely  or  unseasonably. 

Come  to  dust.  To  die.  "Golden  lads  and  girls  all  must,  as  chimney 
sweepers,  come  to  dust."     [Shakespeare,  Cymbeline  IV,  n.] 

Cross  the  Stygian  ferry.     To  cross  the  Styx;  die 

Depart  this  life.     To  decease;  die. 

Die.     To  pass  from  an  animate  to  an  inanimate  state. 

Die  a  natural  death.     To  die  from  natural  causes. 

Die  a  violent  death,  etc.  To  die  from  unnatural  causes.  See  Life- 
Killing. 

Drop  dead. 

Drop  down  dead.        \  To  die. 

Drop  into  the  grave. 

Drop  off.     To  come  to  an  end. 

End  one's  days.  ~\ 

End  one's  earthly  career.  J- To  die 

End  one's  life.  ) 

Expire.     To  come  to  an  end;  die;  perish. 

Fall  dead.  \  T 

Fall  down  dead. i  loc 

Give  up  the  ghost.     To  expire;  die. 

Go  off.  \ T 

Go  off  the  hooks./  loc 

Go  out  like  the  snuff  of  a  candle.    To  die  easily. 

Go  the  way  of  all  flesh.    To  die. 

Go  to  Davy  Jones's  locker.     To  drown. 

Go  to  one's  last  home.      \  *p    j* 

Go  to  one's  long  account. ' 

Go  to  the  wall.     To  be  pressed  to  extremes. 

Hop  the  twig.     To  die. 

Kick  the  bucket.     To  lose  one's  life ;  die. 

Lay  down  one's  life.     To  die  usually  for  some  cause  or  person. 

Lose  one's  life.     To  meet  death. 

Make  one's  will.  To  make  a  legal  declaration  as  to  what  is  to  becom* 
of  a  person's  property  after  his  death. 

(Continued  on  Column  i .) 


To  die 


rave. ) 


>  die. 


)  die. 


LIFE. 


603 


LIFE— KILLING. 


Surrender  one's  life.     To  give  up  one's  life. 
Take  one's  last  sleep.)  ~     ,. 
Turn  to  dust.  / 


DEATH — Verbs— Continued. 

Turn  up  one's  toes 
Yield  one's  breath 
Yield  the  ghost 

Death — Adjectives. 


toes.) 

ith.  V 


To  die. 


At  death's  door.  \ 

At  the  last  gasp.  L  Close  to  death 

At  the  point  of  death.) 

Auxabois  [F.fl.     At  bay. 

Booked.     Doomed  to  die. 

Dead.     Deprived  of  life;  inanimate;  not  living. 

Dead  and  gone. 

Dead  as  a  door-nail ;   dead  as  a  door-post;  dead  as  a  herring;   dead  as 

mutton ;  dead  as  nits. 
Deadly,  etc.  Causing  death;  fatal;  likely  to  cause  death.  See  Killing. 
Deceased.     Dead;  departed  from  this  life. 
Defunct.     Dead;  deceased. 

Demised.     Pertaining  to  the  death  of  a  distinguished  person 
Departed.     Having  left;  gone;  dead. 
Departed  this  life,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Dying,  etc.     Pertaining  to  death;  perishing.    See  Verbs. 
Exanimate.     Deprived  of  animation. 
Gathered  to  one's  fathers.     Dead. 
Given  over.     Given  to  death. 

Gone.     Departed;  dead. 

Hippocratic.    Pertaining  to  the  change  produced  in  the  face  by  death, 
long  illness,  or  the  like. 

Death 


Inanimate.     Not  living;  deprived  of  animation. 

In  articulo  mortis  [L.J.     At  the  point  of  death. 

In  extremis  [L.].     At  the  last  moments.  , 

In  the  agony  of  death.     In  the  death-struggle. 

In  the  jaws  of  death.     At  the  point  of  death. 

Late.     Recently  expired. 

Launched  into  eternity.    Suddenly  killed;  dead. 

Lifeless.     Without  life;  deprived  of  life. 

Moribund.     Dying;  at  the  point  of  death. 

Morient.     Dying. 

Mortuary.     Belonging  or  pertaining  to  the  burial  of  the  dead. 

Near  one's  end.     Close  to  death. 

No  more.     Dead;  departed. 

Numbered  with  the  dead.    Dead. 

On  one's  death-bed.    Dying. 

On  one's  last  legs.     Near  death. 

Out  of  the  world.     Dead. 

Released.     Dead;  freed  from  life. 

Still-born.     Dead  at  birth. 

Taken  off.     Having  died. 

Tottering  on  the  brink  of  the  grave.     At  the  point  of  death. 

With  one  foot  in  the  grave.     Close  to  death. 


Postmortem  [L.fl.     After  death. 


— Adverbs. 

Post  obit  urn  [L.J.     After  death. 
Death — Phrases. 


■  Death  is  near. 


Death  knocks  at  the  door. 
Death  stares  one  in  the  face.  J 

De  mortuis  nil  nisi  bonum  [L.[J.     Of  the  dead  say  nothing  but  good. 
Ditlce  et  decorum-  est  pro  patria  mori  [L.jJ.     It  is  sweet  and  glorious 

to  die  for  one's  country.    [Horace,  Odes,  III,  ii,  13.] 
Honesta  mors  turpi  vitd  potior  [L.%     Honorable  death  is  better  than 

base  life.     [Tacitus   Agricola,  33,  25.] 
Life  ebbs.  fLifeis 
s.J 


Death  is  near. 


Life  fails. 


:  is  going. 


Life  hangs  by  a  thread.     Life  is  in  danger. 
One's  days  are  numbered. 
One's  doom  is  sealed. 
One's  hour  is  come. 
One's  race  is  run. 
The  breath  is  out  of  the  body,  j  Death  has  come 
The  grave  closes  over  one.       J 

Sic  itur  ad  astra  [L.[J.     So  one  goes  to  the  stars. 
IX,  641] 


[Virgil,  JEneid\ 


LIFE— KILLING. 


Killing. 


Assassination.    The  act  of  killing  by  sudden  violence  or  secret  assault. 
Bloodshed.     The  act  of  shedding  human  blood,  or  taking  life. 
Butchery.     Murder  or  manslaughter  when  committed  with  unusual 

barbarity. 
Carnage.     Great  destruction  of  life,  as  in  battle. 
Effusion  of  blood.     The  act  of  shedding  human  blood. 
Execution,  etc.     The  act  of  putting  to  death  as  a  legal  penalty      See 

Recompense-Punition. 
Felo  de  se  [F.J.     The  killing  of  oneself. 
Fratricide.     The  killing  of  one's  brother. 
Ouet-apens  [F.J.     Killing  by  lying  in  ambush. 
Homicide.     The  killing  of  a  person. 
Immolation.     Killing  as  a  sacrificial  victim 
Infanticide.     The  killing  of  an  infant. 
Judicial  murder.     A  putting  to  death  as  a  legal  penalty. 
Killing,  etc.     The  act  of  depriving  of  life.     See  Verbs. 
Manslaughter.     The  unlawful  killing  of  a  man,  either  in  negligence 

or  incidentally  to  the  commission  of  some  unlawful  act. 
Massacre.     Indiscriminate  killing  of  human  beings. 
Matricide.     The  killing  of  one's  mother. 

Murder.  The  act  of  killing  a  human  being  with  malicious  forethought. 
Noyade  [F.].     Killing  by  drowning. 
Occision.     The  act  of  killing 
Parricide.     The  killing  of  one's  father. 
Phthiozoics.     The  killing  of  harmful  animals. 
Regicide.     The  killing  of  a  king. 

s  aug     e  .        (  T£xtens$ve  an(j  unnecessary  destruction  of  human  life. 

Slaughtering.  > 

Sororicide.     The  killing  of  one's  sister. 

Suicide.     The  killing  of  oneself. 

Trucidation.     The  act  of  killing. 

Vaticide,     The  killing  of  a  prophet. 

Killing — Nouns  ol  Means. 

Casualty.     Killing  by  an  accident. 
Coup  de  grace  [F.|.     The  death-blow 


Coursing.     Chasing  game. 

Deadly  weapon.     A  weapon  whose  blow  causes  death.     See  Weapon. 

Death-blow.     A  blow  which  causes  death. 

Fatal  accident.     An  accident  that  caused  death. 

Finishing  stroke.     A  death-blow. 

Fusilade.     A  simultaneous  discharge  of  firearms. 

Gallows.     A  frame  from  which  is  suspended  the  rope  by  which 

criminals  are  executed. 
Garrote.     An  instrument  for  executing  criminals  by  strangulation. 
Hanging.     Execution  by  strangulation. 
Holocaust.     The  killing  of  many  people,  as  by  fire,  etc. 
Hunting.     The  pursuit  of  game  or  wild  animals.     See  Verbs. 
Pig-sticking.     Killing  by  stabbing. 
Quietus  [L.5.     Death-blow. 
Shooting.     The  killing  with  a  firearm. 

S°rt'       i  Fowling;  hunting;  fishing,  etc. 
Strangulation.     Killing  by  choking. 
Suffocation.     Killing  by  smothering  or  choking. 
Venery.     The  practise  of  hunting. 

Killing — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Assassin.     One  who  kills  by  surprise  or  secret  assault. 
Bravo  [It  |.     An  assassin  or  murderer. 

Butcher.     One  who  slays  in  an  unusually  bloody  or  cruel  manner. 
Cain.     The  first  murderer,  who  slew  his  brother  Abel;  a  murderer. 
Cut-throat.     A  murderer  who  cuts  throats. 
Executioner.     One  who  inflicts  capital  punishment. 
Felo  de  se  [F.].     One  who  kills  himself. 
Fisherman.     One  who  catches  fish. 
Fratricide.     One  who  kills  his  brother. 
Garroter.     One  who  executes  with  the  garrote. 

„      .  j  One  who  hunts  game  animals. 

Infanticide.     One  who  kills  an  infant. 

Man-eater.     A  ferocious  tiger;  a  shark. 

Matador  [Sp.j.     The  man  appointed  to  kill  the  bull  in  bull-fights. 

Matricide.     One  who  kills  his  mother. 


LIFE. 


604 


LIFE— CORPSE. 


LIFE— K I LLI NG— Con  tin  ued. 


Murderer.     One  who  murders. 

Nimrod.     The  grandson  of  Ham,  famous  as  a  hunter;  a  hunter. 

Parricide.     One  who  kills  his  father  or  mother. 

Regicide.     One  who  kills  a  king. 

Sabreur  [F.].     A  slasher. 

Slayer.     One  who  kills. 

Sororicide.     One  who  kills  his  sister. 

Sportsman.     A  hunter. 

Suicide.     One  who  kills  himself. 

Suttee.     In  India,  a  widow  who  sacrifices  herself  on  the  funeral  pile 

of  her  husband. 
Thug.  One  of  a  band  of  murderers  which  existed  in  India  and  killed 

from  religious  motives. 
Vftticide.     One  who  kills  a  prophet. 

Killing — Assocujted  Nouns. 

Abattoir.     A  public  slaughter-house  in  a  city. 

Aceldama.  The  field  purchased  with  the  money  which  Judas  re- 
ceived for  betraying  his  Master;  a  bloody  field. 

Blood.     The  fluid  which  carries  nourishment  to  all  parts  of  the  body. 

Gore.     Shed  blood. 

Juggernaut.  An  Indian  idol  to  which  pilgrims  formerly  sacrificed 
themselves. 

Martyrdom.  Suffering  death  on  account  of  adherence  to  the  Chris- 
tian faith. 

Moloch.  An  Ammonite  deity  to  whom  human  sacrifices  were 
offered. 

Shambles.     A  place  where  butcher*s  meat  is  sold. 

Slaughter-house.  A  house  where  beasts  are  butchered  for  the 
market. 

Thuggism.     The  practises  of  the  Thugs  of  India. 

Killing — Verbs. 
Asphyxiate.     To  suspend  respiration;  suffocate. 
Assassinate.     To  kill  or  slay  treacherously. 
Bayonet.     To  stab  or  kill  with  the  bayonet. 
Behead.     To  take  off  the  head. 
Blow  one's  brains  out.  j  Tq  commifc  ^^ 
Blow  out  one  s  brains.  J 
Bowstring,  etc.     To  strangle  with  a  bowstring.     See  Recompense- 

Punition. 
Brain.     To  blow  out  the  brains. 
Burke.     To  smother. 

Butcher.     To  murder  in  an  unusually  bloody  manner. 
Choke.     To  render  unable  to  breathe ;  suffocate. 
Commit  suicide.     To  kill  oneself. 
Cut  down.     To  fell;  slay. 
Cut  off.     To  destroy. 

Cut  the  throat.     To  kill  by  severing  the  throat. 
Cut  to  pieces.     To  scatter  and  slaughter. 
Dash  out  one's  brains.     To  kill  by  a  blow  on  the  head. 
Deal  a  death-blow.     To  give  a  finishing  blow. 
Decimate.     To  slay  or  kill  in  great  numbers. 
Deprive  of  life.     To  take  away  life  from. 
Despatch.     To  put  to  death  quickly. 
Die  a  violent  death.     To  meet  death  by  accident. 
Dispatch.     Despatch. 
Do  for.     To  put  an  end  to. 

Drown.     To  put  to  an  end  by  immersion  in  any  liquid. 
Garrote.     To  kill  by  means  of  a  garrote. 
Give  a  coup  de  grdce.     To  give  a  finishing  stroke. 
Give  a  death-blow.     To  give  a  stroke  which  will  kill. 
Give  a  quietus.     To  put  to  an  end 

Give  no  quarter.     To  show  no  merciful  treatment  to  an  enemy. 
Hang.     To  put  to  death  by  suspending  with  a  rope  around  the  neck. 
Hunt.     To  pursue  with  the  purpose  of  killing 
Imbrue  one's  hands  in  blood.     To  drench  one's  hands  in  blood;  kill 

excessively  and  with  unusual  cruelty. 
Immolate.     To  kill  as  a  victim. 
Jugulate.     To  cut  the  throat. 
Kill.     To  deprive  of  life 
Kill  oneself.     To  commit  suicide. 


Knock  on  the  head.     To  give  a  blow  on  the  head. 

Lapidate.     To  stone 

Launch  into  eternity.     To  kill. 

Make  away  with.     To  put  out  of  the  way. 

Make  away  with  oneself.     To  commit  suicide. 

Massacre.     To  kill  with  indiscriminate  violence  and  contrary  to  tat 

usage  of  nations. 
Murder.     To  kill  with  malicious  forethought. 
Nip  in  the  bud.     To  kill  in  the  beginning. 
Pour  out  blood  like  water.     To  massacre. 
Put  an  end  to.     To  slay;  kill. 
Put  an  end  to  oneself.     To  commit  suicide. 
Put  to  death.     To  kill. 

Put  to  the  edge  of  the  sword.)  «,    ,  ...     .lU  ..  , 

Put  to  the  sword.  J  To  m  ^  the  sword' 

Run   amuck.     To   rush   through   the   streets  frantically  attacking 

everything  that  comes  in  the  way. 
Run  through  the  body.     To  pierce  the  body. 
Sabre.     To  kill  with  a  sabre. 
Send  to  one's  last  account.     To  kill. 
Settle.     To  make  quiet;  kill. 
Shed  blood.     To  kill  indiscriminately. 
Shoot,  etc.     To  hit  with  firearms.     See  Nouns. 
Shoot  dead.     To  kill  by  shooting. 

Sign  one's  death-warrant.     To  sign  the  order  for  one's  death. 
Slaughter.     To  kill  extensively  and  unnecessarily. 
Slay.     To  kill  by  violence. 
Smother.  *  To  destroy  life  by  suffocation. 
Stab.     To  wound  or  kill  with  a  pointed  weapon. 
Stifle.     To  suffocate  by  crowding  something  into  the  windpipe. 
Stone.     To  kill  with  stones. 

Stranelp  J  ^°  destroy  ^e  by  stopping  the  respiration 

Strike  the  death-knell  of.     To  give  the  death-signal 

Suffocate.     To  kill  by  stopping  respiration. 

Take  away  life.     To  kill. 

Throttle.     To  strangle. 

Victimize.     To  make  a  victim  of. 

Wade  knee-deep  in  blood.     To  revel  in  bloodshed 

Welter  in  one's  blood.     To  roll  in  one*s  blood. 

Ki  ll  i  n  g — A  djectives . 

Bloodstained.     Marked  with  blood ;  guilty  of  murder. 

Bloodthirsty.     Cruel;  murderous. 

Bloody.     Having  a  cruel  disposition. 

Bloody-minded.     Cruel  in  disposition;  inclined  to  shed  blood. 

T)     thlv  J  Causing  or  liable  to  cause  death. 

Ensanguined.     Bloody,  covered  with  blood. 

Fatal.     Causing  death ;   deadly;  mortal. 

Gory.     Bloody. 

Homicidal.     Pertaining  to  homicide;  murderous. 

Internecine.     Mutually  destructive;  deadly. 

Killing,  etc.     Slaying;  murdering.     See  Verbs. 

Lethal.     Deadly;  mortal. 

Lethiferous.     Bearing  oblivion;  deadly. 

Mortal.     Causing  death;  deadly. 

Mortiferous.     Death-bearing;  deadly. 

Murderous.     Bloody;  sanguinary;  fond  of  murder 

Piscatorial.  I 


Pertaining  to  fishing. 


Piscatory. 

Red-handed.     Taken  in  the  act  of  homicide. 

Sanguinary.     Bloodthirsty;   eager  to  shed  blood. 

Sanguinolent.     Bloody. 

Slaughterous.     Murderous. 

Sporting.     Pertaining  to  sport. 

Suicidal.     Partaking  of  the  nature  of  suicide. 

Unhealthy,  etc.     Not  healthy.     See  Healthiness. 

Killing — Adverb. 
In  at  the  death.     Present  at  the  end  of  a  chase. 


LIFE— CORPSE. 


Corpse. 
Ashes.     The  remains  of  the  human  body  when  burnt  or  returned  to 

dust  by  natural  decay. 
Bones.      The  skeleton  of  the  human  body. 
Carcass.     The  dead  body  of  an  animal  or  human  being. 
Carrion.     The  dead  and  putrefying  body  of  an  animal. 
City      The  human  body  as  formed  from  particles  of  eartV 


Corse6  J  ^*he  dead  k°dy  °^  a  numan  b«n*' 
Defunct.     A  dead  person. 

Dry  bones.     The  skeleton  or  bony  framework  of  the  body. 
Dust.     The  remains  of  the  human  body. 

Earth.     The  remains  of  the  human  body  when  turned  to  dust  bf 
natural  decay. 


LIFE. 


605 


LIFE— FUNERAL. 


LIFE— CORPSE— Conttnuea. 


Food  for  worms.     A  dead  body. 

Fossils.     The  remains  of  animals  or  plants  found  in  stratified  rocks. 

Ghost.     The  spirit  appearing  after  death. 

Manes  [L.]      Shades  or  ghosts  of  the  departed. 

Mortal  remains.     The  dead  body  of  a  human  being  or  animal. 

Mummy.     The  dead  body  embalmed  and  dried  after  the  manner  of 

the  ancient  Egyptians. 
Relics.     The  body  from  which  the  soul  has  departed. 
Reliquiat  [L  J      The  remains  of  the  dead. 


Shade.     The  spirit  of  the  dead 

Skeleton.     The  bony  framework  of  the  body 

Tenement  of  clay.     The  body. 

This  mortal  coil.     Mortal  life.     [Shakespeare,  HamUt,  III,  i.J 

Corpse — Adjectives. 

Cadaverous.     Pertaining  to  or  having  the  appearance  of  a  dead  body. 
Corpse-like.     Like  a  corpse  in  appearance. 
Unburied,  etc.     Not  buried.     See  Life-Funeral. 


LIFE— FUNERAL. 


Funeral. 


Burial.     The  act  of  depositing  a  dead  body  in  a  grave  or  tomb  or 

final  resting-place. 
Cremation.     The  burning  of  a  dead  body. 
Funeral.     The  formal  conveyance  of  a  dead  person  to  his  grave  and 

the  final  disposal  of  the  body. 
Humation.      Burial. 
Inhumation.     The  act  of  burying. 

Interment.     The  act  of  placing  a  dead  person  in  his  grave  or  tomb. 
Sepulture.     The  act  of  depositing  a  dead  body  of  a  human  being  in  a 

grave 
Zoothapsis.     Premature  burial. 

Funeral — Associated  Nouns. 

Autopsy.     The  examination  of  a  dead  body  by  dissection  to  ascer- 
tain the  cause  of  death. 
Barrow.     A  heap  of  earth  or  stones  over  a  burial-place. 
Bier.     A  horizontal  framework  with  two  handles  at  each  end,  for 

carrying  the  corpse  to  the  grave. 
Bone-house.     A  place  where  the  bones  of  the  dead  are  deposited. 
Burial-ground.  |  A  ^aveyard. 
Burial-place.     > 
Cairn.     A  conical  heap  of  stones  erected  by  the  early  Britons  as  a 

sepulchral  monument. 
Catacomb.     A  long  underground  gallery  with  excavations  in  its  sides 

for  tombs. 
Catafalque.     A  temporary  decorated  structure,  representing  a  tomb. 
Cemetery.     A  place  for  burial.     [Gr.  A  sleeping  place.] 
Cenotaph.     A  monument  erected  to  the  dead  but  not  containing  the 

remains. 
Cerecloth.    A  cloth  used  as  a  winding-sheet  for  the  dead ;  wax-cloth . 
Cerement.     A  garment,  covering,  or  wrapping  for  the  dead. 
Charnel-house.     A  depository  under  or  near  churches  for  dead  men's 

bones 
Churchyard.     The  enclosure  about  a  church,  especially  when  used  as 

a  graveyard. 
Cinerary  urn.     An  urn  to  hold  the  ashes  of  the  cremated  dead. 
Coffin.     The  case  in  which  a  corpse  is  buried;  a  casket. 
Cromlech.     A  high   monument  consisting  of  a  circle  of  standing 

stones,  erected  by  the  early  Britons. 
Crypt.     A  secret  recess  or  vault  used  for  burial 
Cypress.     A  plant  used  as  an  emblem  of  mourning. 
Dead-house.     A  place  in  which  dead  bodies  are  temporarily  kept. 
Dead-march.     A  piece  of  solemn  music  played  at  a  funeral. 
Dirge,  etc.     A  song  or  tune  expressing  grief  or  mourning.     See  Jubi- 
lation-La memtation. 
Disinterment.     The  act  of  taking  out  of  the  grave. 
Elegy.     A  lyric  poem  lamenting  the  dead. 
Epitaph.     An  inscription  on  a  tomb  or  monument, 
Exequies.     Funeral  ceremonies. 

Exhumation.     The  taking  up  of  that  which  has  been  buried. 
Funeral  oration.     A  funeral  discourse  or  sermon. 
Funeral  pile.     A  mass  of  combustible  material  on  which  a  corpse  is 

burned 
Funeral  rite.     The  ceremonies  at  the  burial  of  a  person 
Funeral  sermon.     The  discourse  delivered  at  a  funeral. 
Funeral  solemnity.     The  ceremonies  at  a  funeral. 
God's  acre.     [G  ]    God's   field,  where    spiritual   bodies    are  raised 

[I  Co'inthtans  xv,  44];  a  graveyard. 
Golgotha.     The  scene  of  the  Saviour's  crucifixion;  a  burial-place. 
Grave.    A  pit  or  excavation  in  the  earth  for  the  burial  of  a  dead  body. 
Grave-clothes.     The  clothes  or  wrappings  in  which  a  dead  person  is 

interred 
Grave-digger.      One  whose  occupation  is  to  dig  graves. 
Gravestone.      A  stone  bearing  an  inscription,  placed  at  a  grave  to 

mark  the  spot. 
Graveyard.      An  enclosure  devoted  to  the  burial  of  the  dead. 
Hatchment.     The  armorial  bearings  of  a  deceased  person,  usually 

placed  on  the  house,  hearse,  tomb,  or  in  church 


Hearse.  A  vehicle  for  carrying  the  bodies  of  the  dead  to  the  place  of 
burial. 

House  of  death.     A  house  in  which  a  death  has  occurred. 

Knell.  The  sound  of  a  bell  when  tolled  slowly  and  solemnly  as  to 
announce  a  death  or  a  funeral. 

Mausoleum.  A  grand  monumental  tomb,  like  that  of  Mausolus,  one 
of  the  Seven  Wonders  of  the  World. 

Memento  mori  [L.].     Be  mindful  of  death;  a  monument 

Monument.  Anything  erected  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  a 
person . 

Morgue.  A  place  where  the  corpses  of  persons  found  dead  are 
exposed  for  identification. 

Mortuary.     A  place  for  the  temporary  reception  of  the  dead. 

Muffled  drum.  A  drum  whose  sound  is  deadened  by  wraps  "Our 
hearts,  though  stout  and  brave,  still  like  muffled  drums  are  beating 
funeral  marches  to  the  grave."     [Longfellow,  Psalm  of  Lije-\ 

Mute.  A  person  employed  by  undertakers  at  a  funeral  to  guard  the 
house-door  and  to  precede  the  procession  on  foot. 

Narrow  house .     The  grave . 

Necropolis.     A  city  of  the  dead;  a  cemetery 

Necropsy.  An  examination  of  a  dead  body  to  ascertain  the  cause  of 
death. 

Obit.     A  funeral  ceremony. 

Obsequies.     The  burial  service. 

Ossuary.     A  place  for  holding  the  bones  of  the  dead. 

Pall.     A  cover  of  black  cloth  thrown  over  a  coffin  or  over  a  tomb. 

Passing  bell.     The  tolling  of  a  bell  at  the  time  when  one  is  dying. 

Pit.     A  grave. 

Post-mortem  examination.  An  examination  of  a  dead  body  to 
ascertain  the  cause  of  death. 

Pyre.     A  heap  of  combustibles  arranged  for  burning  a  dead  body. 

Sarcophagus.  A  stone  coffin  having  elaborate  carvings  and  decora- 
tions, originally  of  flesh -consuming  stone. 

Sepulcher.  A  burial-plat-",  especially,  one  made  in  a  rock  or  solidly 
built  of  stone. 

Sexton.     A  church  officer  who  superintends  burials. 

SheH.     A  coffin. 

Shrine.     A  box  or  chest  in  which  sacred  relics  are  kept. 

Shroud.     A  dress  or  garment  for  the  dead. 

Stone.     A  gravestone. 

Tolling.     The  solemn  and  slow  ringing  of  a  bell  at  a  funeral. 

Tomb.     A  place  for  the  deposit  of  the  dead. 

Tombstone.     A  stone  marking  a  place  of  burial. 

Tope.  A  Buddhist  relic-shrine,  dome,  or  tower,  constructed  to  con- 
tain relics  of  the  Buddhas. 

Tumulus.     A  large,  artificial  mound  containing  burial-places. 

Undertaker.     One  whose  business  is  to  arrange  for  burying  the  dead. 

Urn.     Something  in  which  a  dead  body  or  its  ashes  are  preserved. 

Vault.     A  place  of  burial  enclosed  with  masonry. 

Wake.  A  watch  over  the  dead  body  of  a  person  all  night,  just  before 
the  burial. 

Winding-sheet.     The  sheet  that  wraps  a  corpse. 

Funeral — Verbs. 

Bury.     To  cover  out  of  sight  the  body  of  a  dead  person. 

Consign  to  the  grave.)  „    b 

Consign  to  the  tomb.  ) 

Disinter.     To  take  out  of  a  grave  or  tomb. 

Embalm.     To  preserve  a  dead  body  from  decay  by  means  of  bairn  o* 

other  aromatic  oils  or  spices. 
Entomb.     To  put  into  the  tomb. 
Exhume.     To  disinter. 

Inhume.     To  deposit  in  the  earth,  as  a  dead  body. 
Inter.     To  bury. 
Intomb.     To  put  into  the  tomb. 
Lay  in  the  pave.  jTo 
Lay  in  the  tomb.  I 

Lay  out.     To  dress  in  grave-clothes  and  place  in  a  decent  posture. 
Mummify.     To  embalm  and  dry,  as  a  mummy. 
Perform  a  funeral.     To  carry  out  the  funeral  ceremonies. 


LIFE. 


606 


LIGHT— DARKNESS. 


LIFF.— FUNERAL— Continued 


Put  to  bed  with  a  shovel.     To  bury. 

Toll  the  knell.     To  ring  a  bell  with  the  strokes  slowly  and  uniformly 

repeated 
Unearth.     To  bring  out  of  the  earth. 

Funeral — Adjecttves. 
Buried,  etc.     Interred  .  put  into  the  grave.     See  Verbs. 
Burial.      Pertaining  to  a  funeral  or  burial. 
Cinerary*     Pertaining  to  ashes. 
Elegiac.     Expressing  sorrow  or  lamentation. 

Funereal   J  Pertamm8  to  burial ;  mournful. 
Mortuary.     Belonging  to  the  burial  of  the  dead. 


Necroscopic.      Relating  to  post-mortem  examinations. 
Sepulchral.     Pertaining  to  bunal  or  the  grave. 

Funeral — Adverbs. 

Beneath  the  sod.     Under  the  ground. 
In  memoriam  [L  J      In  memory 
Post  mortem  [L  Q.     After  death. 
Post  obit  [L  0-     After  death 

Funeral — Phrases. 
Ci-git  [F  0      Here  lies 
Hie  jacei  [L  ]      Here  lies. 
R.  I  P.,  requiescat  in  pace.     Let  him  rest  in  peaoe. 


Life,  the.     God.     Divinity. 

life'-blood".  Vital  blood.  Life-Death,  Subjective- 
ness-Objectiveness. 

life'-boat".  A  carefully  constructed  boat  for  pre- 
serving life.  Conveyance-Vessel,  Refuge-Pit- 
fall. 

life'-giv"-ing.     Inspiriting.     Fertility-Sterility. 

life'-guards   .     Body-guards.     Belligerent. 

life'-less.    Dead;  torpid.    Life-Death,  Vigor-Inertia. 

life'-like.  Realistic.  Likeness-Unlikeness,  Nature- 
Art. 

life'-long.  Lasting  through  life.  Lastingness-Tran- 
sientness. 

life'-pre-serv"-er.  An  apparatus  for  saving  the  lives  of 
persons  in  case  of  shipwreck,  etc. ;  a  loaded  cane,  etc. 
Weapon. 

life'-size".  Of  the  size  of  life.  Greatness-Little- 
ness. 

life'-time".  The  time  that  life  continues.  Period- 
Progress. 

life'-wear-y.  Tired  of  life.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

lift.  To  raise;  assistance.  Elevation-Depression, 
Obstruction-Help;  dead  lift,  Difficulty-Facility; 
give  a  lift,  Elevation-Depression,  Obstruction- 
Help;  lift  a  finger,  Action-Passiveness;  lift  cattle, 
Theft;  lift  hand  against,  Attack-Defense,  Re- 
prisal-Resistance; lift  one's  head,  Welfare-Mis- 
fortune; lift  the  mask,  Exposure-Hidingplace; 
lift  the  voice,  Cry-Ululation,  Speech-Inarticu- 
lateness; lift  up  the  eyes,  Sight-Blindness;  lift  up 
the  heart,  Worship-Idolatry. 

lift'-smoke".  A  game  of  cards.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

lig'-a-ment.  A  strong  substance  binding  related  struc- 
tures together.     Connective. 

li-ga'-tion.  The  act  of  tying  or  binding  up.  Union- 
Disunion. 

lig'-a-ture.  Anything  that  serves  for  tying  or  binding. 
Connective. 

light,  (i)  To  ignite;    to  illuminate;   bright;  clear;  the 


agent  which  produces  vision;  a  window:  a  source  of 
light.  Aperture-Closure,  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Combustible,  Condition-Situation,  Heat- 
ing-Cooling, Interpretation-Misinterpretation, 
Knowledge- Ignorance,  Light- Darkness,  Lumi- 
nary-Shade, Whiteness-Blackness;  a  light  breaks 
in  on  one, Exposure-Hidingplace;  blue  light,  Sign; 
bring  to  light,  Discovery,  Exposure-Hidingplace, 
Manifestation-Latency  ;  children  of  light,  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness; come  to  light,ExposuRE-HiDiNG- 
place;  false  light,  Sight  -Dimsightedness;  foot- 
lights, Acting;  half  lights,  Dimness;  in  one's  own 
light,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  light  and  shade,  Light- 
Darkness;  light  purse,  Affluence-Penury;  light 
under  a  bushel,  Enlightenment -Secrecy,  Selfre- 
spect-Humbleness,  Vanity-Diffidence  ;  light  up, 
Excitation,  Light-Darkness.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection  ;  obstruct  the  light,  Diaphaneity-Opaque- 
ness; see  the  light,  Life-Death,  Publicity;  throw 
light  upon,  Interpretation  -  Misinterpretation; 
transmit  light,  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 
light.  (2)  To  settle  down  after  flight;  to  happen  upon; 
dismount;  not  heavy;  not  burdensome;  trivial  cheer- 
ful; loose  in  morals;  gay.  Arrival-Departure,  As- 
cent-Descent, Consequence-Insignificance,  De- 
termination -Vacillation,  Difficulty  -  Facility, 
Heaviness-Lightness,  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion,  Magnitude-  Smallness,  Purity  -  Impurity, 
Solidity  -  Rarity,  Swiftness -Slowness;  light 
comedy,  Acting;  light  fantastic  toe,  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Spring-Dive;  light  heart,  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection;  light  horse,  Belligerent;  light 
infantry,  Belligerent;  light  of  heel,  Swiftness- 
Slowness;  light  upon,  Arrival-Departure,  Dis- 
covery, Gain-Loss,  Rationale-Luck;  light  upon 
one's  feet,  Security-Insecurity,  Welfare-Mis- 
fortune; make  light  of,  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Difficulty-Facility,  Excitability- In  - 
excitability,  Overvaluation  -  Undervaluation, 
Regard-Scorn. 


LIGHT— DARKNESS. 


Aureola  [L  ).    A  halo  of  light. 

Aurora.     The  rising  light  of  the  morning. 

Beam.     A  ray  of  light  from  a  luminous  body. 

Black  and  white.     A  succession  of  light  and  darkness. 

Blaze.     Intense  direct  light. 

Brightness.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  bright. 

Brilliancy.     Great  brightness. 

Broad  daylight.     The  brightest  light  of  the  day. 

Coruscation.     A  sudden,  brilliant  flash  of  light. 

Day.     The  time  of  light. 

Daylight.     The  light. of  day  as  opposed  to  the  darkness  of  night. 

Dazzlement.     Dazzling  flash  or  glare  of  light. 

Effulgence.     Brilliant  light ;  extreme  brightness. 

Emication.    A  sparkling. 

Facula  (L.J      A  shining  spot  on  the  surface  of  the  sun. 

Flame,  etc.     A  luminous  and  hot  stream  of  burning  gas  or  vapor. 

Flash      A  sudden  and  brilliant  burst  of  light. 


Adumbration .     The  act  of  casting  a  faint  shadow. 

Blackness.     Total  darkness. 

Blind  man's  holiday.  The  period  between  daylight  and  lamp- 
light. 

Caligation.     A  state  of  darkness  or  dimness. 

Chiaroscuro  [It.].  The  harmonious  blending  of  light  and  darkness. 
See  Light 

Cimmerian  darkness.  Perpetual  and  profound  darkness.  "Melt 
and  dispel,  ye  specter  doubts,  that  roll  Cimmerian  darkness  o'er 
the  parting  soul."     [Campbell,  Pleasures  of  Hope,  I,  263 .] 

Darkness,  etc.     Total  absence  of  light.     See  Adjectives. 

Darkness  that  tan  be  felt.     Intense  darkness. 

Darkness  visible.  Darkness  in  which  objects  are  visible.  [Milton. 
Paradise  Lost,  i,  62.] 

Dead  of  night.     The  darkest  part  of  the  night. 

Distribution  of  shade.     The  scattering  of  darkness. 

Dusk,  etc.     A  state  between  light  and  darkness.    See  Dimness. 


LIGHT. 


607 


LIGHT—  DARKNESS. 


LIGHT— DARKNESS— Continued. 


Flood  of  light.     A  great  stream  of  light. 

Flush.     A  tinge  of  red  color. 

Fulgidity.     Brightness. 

Fulgor.     Dazzling  brightness. 

Fulguration.     The  act  of  lightening. 

Gleam.     A  small  stream  of  light 

Glimmering,  etc.     A  wavering,  somewhat  dim  light.     See  Verbs. 

Glint.     A  glimpse,  or  gleam  of  light. 

Glory.     An  emanation  of  light  supposed  to  proceed  from  beings  of 

peculiar  sanctity. 
Gloss.     Brightness  of  a  smooth  surface. 
Glow.     A  steady,  clear  light. 
Halo.     A  luminous  circle  of  light. 

Ignis  fatuus  [L.|.     The  will-o'-the-wisp.     See  Luminary. 
Illumination.     Brightness  or  splendor 

Irradiation.     Illumination;  the  act  of  emitting  beams  of  light. 
Lambent  flame.     A  flame  playing  on  the  surface. 
Light.     A  form  of  radiant  energy  which  affects  the  retina  of  the  eye 

and  renders  visible  that  from  which  it  comes, 
Light  and  shade.     A  succession  of  light  and  darkness. 
Lightning.     A  discharge  of  atmospheric  electricity  accompanied  by 

a  flash  of  light. 

U&t  ol  hea^nJ  ^^  °r  U*ht  «i*»  b* the  sun' 

Lucidity.     The  state  of  being  bright  or  clear. 

Luminosity.     Quality  or  state  of  being  luminous. 

Luminousness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  luminous.     See  Adjectives. 

Luster.     Brightness. 

Moonbeam.     A  ray  of  light  given  by  the  moon. 

Nimbus.     A  circle  of  light  or  halo  around  the  heads  of  divinities. 

Kitency.     Brightness. 

Noonday.  \ 

Noontide.  fThe  light  of  the  brightest  part  of  the  day. 

Noontide  light. ' 

Phosphorescence.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  phosphorescent. 

Play  of  light.     A  succession  of  rays  of  light  falling  upon  an  object. 

Radiance.     The  quality  of  being  radiant  or  brilliant. 

Ray.     A  line  of  light. 

Refulgence.     The  quality  of  being  bright  and  shining. 

Renitency.     Brightness. 

Resplendence.     The  quality  of  having  a  brilliant  luster. 

Scintilla.     A  spark  of  light 

Scintillation.     The  act  of  giving  off  sparks. 

Sheen.     Brightness. 

Shimmer.     A  wavering  light. 

Spangle.     A  sparkling. 

Spark.     A  small  particle  of  fire  emitted  by  a  burning  body. 

Sparkling,  etc.     The  act  of  emitting  sparks  of  light.     See  Verbs. 

Splendor.     Great  brightness. 

Streak.     A  long  line  of  light. 

Stream.     A  beam  or  ray  of  light. 

Sun,  etc.     The  earth's  great  source  of  light.     See  Luminary. 

Sunbeam.     A  ray  of  light  from  the  sun. 

Sunshine.     The  light  given  by  the  sun. 

Tinsel.     A  shining. 

Transplendence.     Extraordinary  brilliancy. 

Light — Associated  Nouns. 

Breadth.  The  quality  of  having  the  lights  and  colors  of  a  painting 
broad  and  massive. 

Chiaroscuro  [It.|.  The  art  of  arranging  the  light  and  dark  parts  of  a 
picture  harmoniously. 

Clair-obscur  [F.J.     See  Chiaroscuro. 

Clear  obscure.     Light  and  shade  in  painting. 

Dispersion.     The  separation  of  light  into  its  different  colored  rays. 

Heliochrome.     A  painting  in  colors. 

Pencil.  A  collection  of  rays  of  light  diverging  from  or  converging  to 
a  point. 

Radiation.  The  shooting  forth  of  rays  of  light  from  a  point  or  sur- 
face. 


Reflection.)  „, 
lion.  I  The 


return  of  rays  of  light  from  a  surface. 


Reflexion. 

Refraction.     The  change  in  the  direction  of  a  ray  of  light. 

Tonality.     The  general  color  scheme  of  a  picture. 

Light— Scientific  Nouns. 

Actinic  rays.     Rays  of  light  which  produce  chemical  changes. 

Actinism.  That  power  which  the  sun's  rays  have  to  produce  chemi- 
cal changes. 

Calorescence.     The  conversion  of  obscure  radiant  heat  into  light. 

Catoptrics.  That  branch  of  optics  which  treats  of  the  properties  and 
phenomena  of  reflected  light. 


Eclipse.     The  cutting  off  of  light,  especially  of  the  light  of  a  heavenly 

body, 
Egyptian  darkness.     Intense  darkness,  like  that  which  prevailed  in 

Egypt  during  the  plagues. 
Erebus.     A  place  of  utter  darkness,  through  which  souls  pass  to 

Hades. 
Extinction.     The  cutting  off  of  light. 
Gathering  of  the  clouds.     The  act  of  becoming  dark 
Gloom.     Partial  darkness,  where  is  only  a  gleam  of  lig*it. 
Midnight.     The  period  of  greatest  darkness. 
Murk.     Darkness. 
Night.     That  part  of   the  natural  day  when  the  sun  is  beneath  the 

horizon,  and  darkness  prevails;  the  noxious  time. 
Noctivigation.     A  roving  or  going  about  in  the  dark. 
Obfuscation.     The  act  of  darkening. 
Obscuration.     The  act  of  making  dark. 
Obscurity.     Darkness. 

Obtenebration.     The  act  of  making  dark;  darkness. 
Obumbration.     The  act  of  darkening  or  obscuring. 
Penumbra.     An  incomplete  or  partial  shadow. 
Sciagraphy.     The  act  or  science  of  drawing  shades  as  they  fall  in 

nature. 
Shade.     Comparative  obscurity  owing  to  the  interception  of  the  rays 

of  light 
Shading.     Act  or  process  of  making  a  shade. 

Shadow.     Obscurity  or  deprivation  of  light  within  defined  limits. 
Stygian  darkness.     Intense  darkness,  like  that  which  prevails  about 

the  fabled  river  Styx. 
The  palpable  obscure.     The  abyss  between  earth  and  hell.     [Milton, 

Paradise  Lost,  ii,  406.] 
Total  eclipse.     A  total  deprivation  of  light. 
Umbra.     A  perfect  shadow. 
Witching  time  of  night.     The  time  of  greatest  darkness. 

Darkness — Verbs. 

Adumbrate.     To  give  a  faint  shadow. 
Becloud.     To  obscure  with  clouds. 
Be  dark,  etc.     To  be  not  light.     See  Adjectives. 
Bedarken.     To  make  dark. 
Bedim.     To  make  obscure  or  dim. 
Blow  out.     To  extinguish  with  a  current  of  air. 
Cast  a  gloom.    \ 

Cast  a  shade.     >  To  become  slightly  dark. 
Cast  a  shadow. ) 

Cast  into  the  shade.     To  darken. 
Darken.     To  make  dark. 
Dim.     To  make  obscure  or  dim. 
Doubt.     To  be  in  intellectual  darkness. 
Eclipse.     To  obscure  or  darken. 
Extinguish.     To  put  out. 
Lower.     T»  make  less  light;  darken. 
Obfuscate.  To  darken  or  obscure. 
Obscure.     To  make  dark  or  indistinct. 
Obumbrate.     To  darken;  cloud. 
Overcast.     To  cover  with  gloom  or  darkness 
Overshadow.     To  throw  a  shadow  over. 
Put  out.     To  extinguish. 

Shade.     To  intercept  the  waves  of  light  with  a  screen. 
Snuff  out.     To  put  out  by  snuffing. 
Spread  a  gloom. 
Spread  a  shade. 
Spread  a  shadow. 
Throw  a  gloom. 
Throw  a  shade. 
Throw  a  shadow. 

Tone  down.     To  bring  the  colors  of  a  picture  into  harmonious  rel* 
tions  as  to  light  and  shade. 

Darkness — Adjectives. 

Benighted.     Shrouded  in  darkness.     See  Whiteness-Blackness. 

Black,  etc.     Destitute  of  light. 

Caliginous.     Obscure;  dark. 

Cloudy,  etc.     Dim;  not  clear.     See  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

Dark.     Destitute  of  or  not  radiating  or  reflecting  light. 

Dark  as  a  pit.      ) 

Dark  as  Erebus.  >Very  dark. 

Dark  as  pitch.     J 

Darkened,  etc.     Made  dark.     See  Verbs. 

Darkling.     Without  light. 

Darksome.     Gloomy;  obscure. 

Dingy.     Of  a  dark  or  dusky  color. 


To  darken 


LIGHT. 


608 


LIGHT— DARKNESS. 


LIGHT— DARKNESS— Continued. 


LIGHT— Scientific  Nouns — Continued. 

Dioptrics.  That  branch  of  optics  which  treats  of  the  laws  of  re- 
fracted light 

Heliography.     Photography. 

Optics.     The  science  which  treats  of  the  properties  and  laws  of  light. 

Photography.  The  science  which  relates  to  the  action  of  light  on 
sensitive  bodies  in  the  production  of  pictures. 

Photology.     The  science  of  the  nature  and  phenomena  of  light. 

Photometer,  etc.  An  instrument  for  measuring  the  relative  intensi- 
ties of  light.     See  Optical  instruments. 

Photometry.  The  science  which  treats  of  the  relative  intensity  of 
lights 

Light — Verbs. 

Beam.     To  emit  light. 

Be  bright,  etc.     To  be  lighted  up.     See  Adjectives. 

Bedazzle.     To  dazzle  with  strong  light. 

Blaze.     To  burn  with  an  extensive,  brilliant  flame. 

Brighten.     To  make  clear  or  bright. 

Cast  a  light  upon.     To  lighten;  make  brilliant. 

Cast  a  luster  upon.     To  cause  to  shine. 

Clear  up.     To  become  bright  or  free  from  obscurity. 

Coruscate.     To  throw  off  brilliant  flashes  of  light 

Daze.     To  dim  or  overpower  by  too  strong  a  light. 

Dazzle.     To  overpower  by  too  strong  a  light. 

Effulge.     To  beam  with  a  luster. 

Enlighten.     To  supply  with  light. 

Flare.     To  burn  with  a  glaring  unsteady  flame. 

Flare  up.     To  blaze  up. 

Flash.     To  shine  suddenly  and  then  disappear 

Flicker.     To  burn  with  a  wavering  motion. 

Give  out  a  light.  I  To  shine. 

Give  out  a  luster.  > 

Glare.     To  shine  with  a  painfully  bright,  steady  light. 

Gleam.     To  shine  with  a  steady  but  transient  or  intermittent  Kght. 

Glimmer.     To  shine  with  a  wavering  light. 

Glisten.     To  shine  with  a  mild,  subdued  luster. 

Glister.     To  be  bright;  shine  with  a  sparkling  light. 

Glitter.     To  shine  with  a  brilliant,  cold,  wavering  light 

Glow.     To  shine  with  a  steady,  subdued  light. 

Hang  out  a  light.  I  T   ^vfi  f      h  u  ht  orbrightness. 

Hangout  a  luster.  > 

Illume.        1 

Illuminate.  >To  supply  with  light;  enlighten. 

Illumine.    J 

Irradiate .     To  cast  a  bright  light  upon. 

Kindle,  etc.     To  set  on  fire;  cause  to  burn.     See  Heating. 

Light.     To  give  light  to. 

Lighten.     To  fill  with  light ;  illuminate. 

Light  up.     To  illumine. 

Radiate .     To  issue  in  rays . 

Reflect  light.     To  bend  or  throw  back  light. 

Relume.     To  Ught  again.     [Shakespeare.  Othello.  V,  iij 

Scintillate.     To  emit  sparks. 


Shed  Ught  upon,  j  T     hrQW  ^ 
Shed  luster  upon.) 


r  upon 
Shimmer.     To  shine  with  a  wavering  light. 
Shine.     To  emit  rays  of  light .  beam  with  a  steady  light. 
Shine  upon.     To  cast  light  upon. 
Shoot  out  beams.     To  emit  light. 
Sparkle.     A  sudden  light,  as  sparks  emit. 
Strike  a  light.     To  produce  a  light  by  striking 
Throw  a  light  upon.     To  lighten. 
Throw  a  luster  upon.     To  make  bright 
Twinkle.     To  shine  with  an  unsteady,  somewhat  dim  light 

Light — Adjectives. 

Ablaze.     In  ablaze;  on  fire. 

Actinic.     Pertaining  to  that  power  of  the  sun's  rays  which  produces 

chemical  changes. 
Beaming.     Emitting  light. 
Beamy.     Shining. 

Blazing.     Burning  with  a  brilliant  flame. 
Bright.     Shedding  much  light;  luminous. 
Bright  as  day. 
Bright  as  noonday 
Bright  as  silver. 
Bright  as  the  sun  at  noonday. 
Burnished.     Rendered  bright  or  resplendent. 
Clear.     Undimmed;  free  from  obscuritv 


DARKNESS — Adjectives — Continued. 

Dusky.     Dark;  gloomy;  almost  black. 

Gloomy.     Dark. 

Lightless,  etc.     Without  light.     See  Luminart 

Lurid.     Gloomy;  dismal. 

Murksome.     Dark,  obscure,  and  gloomy. 

Murky.     Gloomy,  dark,  and  obscure. 

Ho°cu^us:}Wanderin«aboutat^ht- 

Nocturnal.     Pertaining  to  the  night. 

Obscure.     Darkened;  imperfectly  illuminated. 

Overcast,  etc.     Covered  with  gloom ;  darkened.     See  Dimness. 

Pitch-dark.     Very  dark. 

Pitchy.     Black;  dark;  dismal. 

Shady.     Abounding  with  shade;  overspread  with  shade 

finmhroua  J  Dull;  gloomy;  dark;  under  a  shade. 

Sunless,  etc.     Shaded;  destitute  of  the  sun's  rays.     See  Luminart 

Tenebrious.     Gloomy;  dark. 

Umbrageous.     Shady;  obscure. 

Unilluminated,  etc.     Not  lighted  up.     See  Light. 

Darkness — Adverbs,  etc. 


Light ;  very  bright. 


LIGHT — Adjectives — Continued, 

Cloudless,     Clear;  free  from  clouds. 
Effulgent.     Diffusing  a  flood  of  light. 

Fu!giT.t-}Shi.ning;daz2Ung- 

«     .  .    *  |  Gaudy;  showy;  vulgarly  bright. 

Glassy.     Having  a  fixed,  staring  appearance. 

Glossy.     Smooth  and  shining. 

Heliographic.  Pertaining  to  the  art  of  taking  pictures  on  any  pre- 
pared material  by  means  of  the  rays  of  the  sun  and  a  earners 
obscura. 

In  a  blaze.     Blazing. 

Lambent.     Licking,  softly  waving,  as  flame. 

Light.     Not  dark;  clear;  bright. 

Light  as  day.  "| 

Light  as  noonday.  j-Very  bright 

Light  as  the  sun  at  noonday.) 

Lightsome.     Luminous;  not  dark. 

Lucent.     Shining;  resplendent. 

Lucid.     Bright;  clear. 

Luciferous.     Giving  light. 

Lucific.     Producing  light. 

Luculent.     Clear;  luminous. 

Luminiferous.     Producing  light. 

Luminous.     Emitting  light,  bright. 

Lustrous.     Shining;  luminous. 

Meridian.     Pertaining  to  noonday. 

Meteoric.     Pertaining  to  or  consisting  of  meteors. 

Nitid.     Bright;  lustrous;  shining. 

Noonday.)  Pertaining  to   midday.      "Still  as  night  or  summer's 

Noontide.-*       noontide  air."     [Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  ii  309.) 

Orient.     Rising;  east;  bright;  glittering;  shining. 

Phosphorescent.     Shining  with  a  faint  light. 

Photogenic.     Producing  light. 

Photographic.     Pertaining  to  photography. 

Radiant.     Emitting  light. 

Refulgent.     Casting  a  bright  light 

Relucent.     Clear;  shining. 

Resplendent.     Shining  very  brightly 

Rutilant.     Shining. 

Scintillant.     Sparkling. 

Sheen.     Shining;  glistening 

Sheeny.     Shiny. 

Shining,  etc.     Emitting  a  strong  light,  bright.     See  Verb* 

Shiny.     Bright;  luminous. 

Splendent.     Glossy;  beaming  with  light. 

Splendid.     Very  bright. 

Sunny.     Pertaining  to  the  sun  or  exposed  to  its  rays. 

Transplendent.     Exceedingly  bright. 

Unclouded.     Free  from  obscurity. 

Unobscured.     Clear;  bright. 

Vivid.     Brilliant    bright:  clear 


LIGHT. 


609 


LIGHT-HEARTEDNESS— DEJECTION. 


Light  of  the  "World.     Jesus  Christ.     Divinity. 

light'-en.  To  illumine;  to  enlighten;  to  relieve  of 
weight;  to  alleviate.  Difficulty-Facility,  Heavi- 
ness-Lightness, Light-Darkness. 

light'-er.     A  barge.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

light'-er-man.  A  man  employed  on  a  lighter.  Way- 
farer-Seafarer. 

light'-fin"-gered.  Thievish.  Theft;  light-fingered 
gentry,  Robber. 


light'-foot"-ed.  Nimble  in  running  or  dancing.  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Swiftness-Slowness. 

light'-head"-ed.     Thoughtless.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

light'-heart"-ed.  Cheerful.  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection. 

light'-heart"-ed~ness.  The  state  of  being  free  from 
care.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 


LIGHTHEADEDNESS—  DEJECTION. 


Alacrity.     Cheerful  quickness  of  movement. 

Allegresse  [F.J.     Light-heartedness. 

Animation.      Intellectual  or  spiritual  brightness,  usually  shown  in  the 

aspect. 
Bonnaturel  [F.J.     Goodnature. 
Cheer.     A  buoyant  mood. 
Cheerfulness*  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Euphrosyne.     One  of  the  Graces,  who  presided  over  the  influences 

that  make  life  cheerful. 
Exhilaration.     A  feeling  of  liveliness,  both  mental  and  physical. 
Flow  of  spirits.      Generous  quantity  of  spirits. 
GaieU  de  cceur  [F.J.      High  animal  spirits. 
Gaiety.     Cheerfulness  combined  with  showiness. 
Geniality.     Warmth  and  kindness  of  disposition. 
Glee.     Expression  of  mirth  or  gaiety. 
Good  humor.     A  pleasant  frame  of  mind. 
Hey-day.     The  time  of  greatest  vitality  and  ardor. 
High  glee.     Great  glee. 

High  spirits.     The  most  pleasant  spirits.     See  Spirits. 
Hilarity.     Mirth  excited  by  social  pleasure. 
Jocularity.     See  Wittiness. 
Jocundity.     Quality  of  being  merry  or  lively. 
Jollity.     Life  and  mirth. 
Joviality.     Good-natured  mirth  or  gaiety. 
L'allegro  [It. J.      The  cheerful  man.     [Milton.] 
Laughter.     See  Jubilation. 
Levity.     Lack  of  mental  gravity. 
Life.     Animation;   spirit;  vivacity. 
Light  heart.     A  cheerful  disposition. 
Light-heartedness.      Cheerfulness;  freedom  from  care 
Liveliness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Merriment.    Gaiety,  with  laughter  and  noise. 
Merrymaking.     See  Entertainment. 

Mirth.     Pleasurable  feelings,  manifested  by  jesting  and  laughing. 
Nepenthe.     A  drug  reputed  to  banish  pain  and  sorrow.     [Homer.] 
Optimism.     Disposition  to  take  the  most  hopeful  or  to  look  on  the 

brightest  side  of  things.     See  Sanguineness. 
Rejoicing.     See  Jubilation". 
Self-complacency.     Self-satisfaction. 
Spirits.     State  of  temper  or  mind. 
Sunshine  of  the  breast.     Light-heartedness. 
Sunshine  of  the  mind.     Cheerfulness. 
Vivacity.      Brightness  shown  in  manner,  movement,  or  speech. 

Lightheadedness — Verbs. 
Animate.     To  impart  life  or  vigor  to. 
Bear  up.     To  keep  up  spirits. 
Be  cheerful,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Brighten  up.     To  become  cheerful. 
Carol.     To  sing  in  a  cheerful  or  joyous  strain. 
Cast  away  care.     To  be  cheerful. 
Cheer.     To  brighten;  to  gladden. 
Cheer  the  heart.     To  brighten  up. 
Cheer  up.     To  become  cheerful. 
Chirp.     To  express  cheerful  feelings. 
Chirrup.     To  cheer  up. 
Delight.     See  Pleasurableness. 
Drive  dull  care  away.     To  brighten  up. 
Elate.     To  cause  to  feel  exultant. 
Enliven.     To  infuse  life  or  animation. 

Exhilarate.     To  cause  both  mental  and  physical  liveliness. 
Frisk.     To  leap  or  skip  about  playfully. 
Give  a  loose  to  mirth.     To  be  mirthful  without  restraint. 
Gladden.     To  make  very  cheerful. 
Have  the  mind  at  ease.      To  feel  at  rest. 
Inspire.     To  give  ideas  or  emotions  to. 
Inspirit.     To  give  spirit,  animation,  orvigorto. 
Keep  up  one's  spirits.     To  keep  cheerful. 
Lighten  up.     To  cheer;  gladden. 
Perk  up.     To  straighten  up. 

Put  a  good  face  upon .     To  bear  with  composure. 
Put  ir.  good  humor.     To  enliven. 


Bad  spirits.     The  condition  of  being  disheartened. 

Blank  despondency.     Absolute,  downright  despondency. 

Blue  devils.     Extreme  depression  of  spirits. 

Broken  heart.     A  crushing  in  feeling  or  spirit,  by  misfortune  or 

sorrow. 
Cave  of  despair.     State  of  utter  hopelessness  and  despondency. 
Cave  of  Trophonius.     The  cave  of  the  oracle  consulted  by  the  Greek 

architect  Trophonius  in  his  despair. 
Damp  on  the  spirits.     Anything  that  dispirits  or  casts  down. 
Dejectedness.     The  condition  of  being  dejected  or  cast  down. 
Dejection.     The  condition  of  being  greatly  cast  down  in  spirits. 
Demureness.     Gravity  of  aspect  or  demeanor,  affected  or  sincere. 
Depressed  spirits.     A  condition  of  hopelessness  or  sadness. 
Depression.     The  condition  of  being  downcast. 
Depression  of  spirits.     A  failing  of  the  spirits. 
Despair,  etc.     Utter  hopelessness  and  despondency.     See  Sanguine- 

NESS-HOPELESSNESS. 

Despondency.     Depression  or  dejection  accompanied  by  loss  of  hope 

for  the  future. 
Disconsolateness.     The  condition  of  refusing  or  being  unable  to  be 

consoled  or  comforted. 
Disgust  of  life.     Strong  aversion  to  living. 
Dismals.     Gloomy  feelings;  bad  days. 
Doldrums.     A  gloomy  state  of  mind. 
Drooping  spirits.     Loss  of  vigor  and  spirit. 
Dumps.     See  Doldrums. 
Failure  of  heart.     Loss  of  spirit  or  courage. 
Gloom.     Low  spirits;  slight  despondency. 
Grave  face.     A  mark  of  pain  or  trouble. 
Gravity.     Seriousness  of  demeanor;  heaviness. 
Heart-sinking.     Loss  of  spirits. 
Heaviness.     Depression. 

Heaviness  of  heart.     A  condition  of  trouble  or  worry. 
Hope  deferred.     Disappointment. 
Horrors.     The  blues;  also,  the  delirium  tremens. 
Hypochondria.     A  morbid  melancholy  and  extreme  depression   of 

mind. 
//  penseroso  [It. J.     The  pensive  man.    [Milton.] 
Infestivity.     The  condition  of  not  being  festive  or  gay. 
Long  face.     A  mark  of  gloom  or  disappointment 
Lowness  of  spirits.     Dejection. 
Low  spirits.     Hopelessness. 
Malade  imaginaire  [F.J.     Sick  in  imagination. 
Maladie  du  pays  [F.J.     Homesickness. 
Megrims.     Dulness;  gloominess. 
Melancholia.     Melancholy. 
Melancholy.     An  extremely  gloomy  and   despondent  condition 

especially,  when  such  condition  is  chronic. 
Mumps.     Moroseness;  ill  temper. 
Oppression  on  the  spirits.     Worry  or  trouble. 
Pessimism.     A  disposition  to  take  a  gloomy  view  of  affairs. 
Prosternat  ion .     Dejection. 

Prostration.     The  condition  of  being  entirely  overcome  by  grief. 
Prostration  of  soul.     Utter  hopelessness  or  despair. 
Sadness.     Subdued  and  unexpressed  sorrow. 
Slough  of  despond.     A  condition  of  despondency.     [Bunyan,  Pit 

grim's  Progress.} 
Solemnity.     A  condition  of  extreme  seriousness  or  gravity. 
Spleen.     Ill  humor. 
Tcedium  vitas  [L.].     Weariness  of  life. 
Vapors.     Temporary  depression  of  the  spirits. 
Weariness.     The  fatigued  condition  of  mind  and  body  resulting 

from  continued  exertion. 
Weight  on  the  spirits.     Trouble  or  worry. 

Dejection— Nouns  of  Agent. 

Croaker.     One  always  finding  fault. 

Heauton  timoroumenos    [Gr.J    The   Self-Tormentor;    a  play  by  Me- 

nander. 
Hypochondriac.     One   subject   to  hypochondria.     See   Htpochom 

DRIA. 

Mtdecin  tant  pis  [F.J.     A  physician  who  makes  worse- 


LIGHT-HEARTEDNESS.  CIO  LIGHT-HEARTEDNESS— DEJECTION. 

LIGHTHEARTEDNESS—  DEJECTION—  Continued. 


LIGHTHEARTEDNESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Raise  the  spirits.     To  cheer. 

Rejoice.     See  Jubilation. 

Rejoice  the  heart.     To  be  cheerful. 

Ridentem  dicere  verum  [L.|.     To  speak  the  truth  though  laughing. 

Rollick.     To  a*.£  mirthfully  or  with  a  frolicsome  air. 

Smile.     To  express  joy  with  the  features. 

Take  heart.     To  begin  to  cheer  up. 

View  the  bright  side  of  the  picture.     To  be  affected  more  by  the  joy 

than  by  the  sorrow  of  life. 
View  things  en  couleur  de  rose.      To  put  the  best  construction  upon 

things;  to  see  things  rose-colored. 

LIGHTHEARTEDNESS Adjectives. 

Airy.     Buoyant;  as  light  as  air. 
All  alive.     Full  of  life. 
Allegro.     Cheerful;  lively. 
Animated.     See  Animation. 
Blithe.     Characterized  by  gladness  and  mirth. 
Blithesome.     Imparting  gladness  and  mirth ;  blithe. 
Bonny.     Sweet  and  fair;  comely. 
Bright.     Full  of  happiness,  gladness,  etc. 
Brisk.     Acting  or  moving  quickly. 
Brisk  as  a  bee.     Lively. 

Buoyant.     Resisting  or  easily  recovering  from  depression. 
Buzom.     Having  health  and  vigor  combined  with  gaiety  and  liveli- 
ness. 
Canty.     Brisk;  glad;  lively. 
Cardiac       I 
Card'a  al  i  Invifiorating  the  spirits,  giving  strength  and  cheerfulness. 

Cheering.     Tending  to  cheer. 

Cheerful.     Full  of  cheer. 

Cheerly.     Cheerful. 

Cheery.     Spontaneously  cheerful. 

Cock-a-hoop.     Elated;  on  the  high  horse. 

Dibonnaire  [F.].     Courteous  and  affable. 

E^'ea.}  Exalted  in  spirit. 

Exhilarating.     Causing  mental  and  physical  liveline»«. 

Exulting.     Feeling  delight  on  account  of  victory. 

Flushed.     Slightly  excited. 

Folatre  [F.J     Sportive. 

Free  and  easy.     Having  little  regard  for  conventionality. 

Frisky.     Playful  in  action. 

Frolicsome.     Full  of  prankish  sport. 

Full  of  play.   )  _     .. 

Full  of  spirit.}  Frolicsome. 

Gamesome.     Playful;  sportive. 

Gay.     Cheerful  and  showy. 

Gay  as  a  lark. 

Gleesome .     Marked  by  glee. 

Happy.     See  Pleasure. 

Happy  as  a  king.  \veTV\ 

Happy  as  the  day  is  long.  J         ' 

Heartsome.     Merry,  lively. 

Hearty.     Full  ot  health  and  strength. 

Hilarious.     Mirthful  irom  social  pleasure. 

Hopeful.     See  Sanguineness. 

In  good  spirits.     Lively. 

In  high  spirits.   )  T  .      .  u 

In  high  feather./  In  very  good  spirits. 

Inspiriting.     See  Verbs. 

In  spirits.     In  a  favorable  frame  of  mind. 

Jaunty  )  ^*av* easv'  and  showy;  affecting  a  careless  ease. 

Jocose.     Done  or  said  in  jest;  in  the  nature  of  a  joke. 

Jocular.     See  Wittiness. 

Jocund.     Merry  or  lively. 

Jolly.     Mirthful  and  lively. 

Jolly  as  a  sand  boy.     Merry. 

Jolly  as  a  thrush.     Lively. 

Jovial.     Good-naturedly  mirthful  and  gay,  as  one  born  under  the 

planet  Jupiter 
Joyful.     Very  glad,  especially  at  a  particular  thing. 
Joyous.     Joyful,  but  as  a  general  or  continued  feeling. 
Jubilant.     Manifesting  joy  with  shouts  or  songs. 
Laughter-loving.     Light-hearted. 
Light.     Cheerful. 

Light-hearted.     Cheerful;  free  from  care. 
Lightsome .     Light,  gay,  or  cheerful  in  character  or  mood. 
Lively.     Full  of  energetic  action. 
Merry.     Noisily  and  laughingly  gay. 


t  happy. 


DEJECTION— Nouns  of  Agent — Continued. 

Mope.     One  who  is  gloomy  or  stupid. 

Hopus.     A  mope. 

Pessimist.     One  who  looks  always  on  the  dark  side  of  things.     Se« 

Pessimism. 
Seek-sorrow.     One  who  torments  himself. 
Self-tormentor.     One  who  causes  himself  unnecessary  worry. 

Dejection — Nouns  of  Cause. 
Affliction.     Distress  of  body  or  mind. 
Damper.     Anything  that  depresses  the  mind. 
Job's   comforter.     One   who   pretends   to  comfort,   but   does,   tht 

opposite .     [Bible .] 
Memento  mori  [L.j|.     A  remembrance  of  death. 
Sorry  sight.     A  case  of  utter  hopelessness. 
Wet  blanket.     A  discouragement. 

Dejection — Verbs. 

Be  dejected,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  grave.     To  be  serious  in  disposition  or  manner. 

Break  one's  heart.     To  cause  one  sorrow. 

Brood  over.     To  think  over  despondently. 

Cast  a  gloom  on.    1         ^hearten. 

Cast  a  shadow  on.) 

Damp.     To  discourage. 

Damp  one's  hope .1  n.     ,. 

Damp  the  spirite.  I  To  discourage. 

Dash.     To  cast  down  in  spirit  or  hope. 

Dash  one's  hope.     To  discourage. 

Deject.     To  cause  to  be  greatly  cast  down.     See  Dejection. 

Depress.     To  make  gloomy  or  slightly  despondent.     See  Depres- 
sion. 

Depress  the  spirits.     To  dishearten. 

Despair.     To  give  up  hope. 

Despond.     To  be  in  a  gloomy  state  of  mind.     See  Despondency. 

Discourage.     To  take  away  the  confidence;  dishearten. 

Dishearten.     To  depress  the  spirits  of;  stronger  than  discourage. 

Dispirit.     To  dishearten. 

Droop.     To  lose  courage  or  heart. 

Dull.     To  render  less  keen  and  active. 

Fret.     To  worry;  be  peevish. 

Frown.     To  be  displeased. 

Frown  upon.     To  express  displeasure. 

Give  way.     To  give  up;  to  be  overcome. 

Grieve.     To  be  gloomy  and  sad  because  of  some  misfortune. 

Grin  a  ghastly  smile.     Death  [highly  pleased]  grinned   horrible  e 
ghastly  smile.     [Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  ii   846. | 

Hang  down  the  head.     To  be  dejected. 

Keep  one's  countenance.     To  refrain  from  smiling. 

Knock  down.     To  discourage. 

Laugh  on  the  wrong  side  of  the  face.     To  be  cast  down  in  spirit 
especially,  directly  after  one  has  been  elated. 

Lay  to  heart.     To  feel  sorely. 

Lie  heavy  on  the  mind.  \  —  ,        , 

T.    .        J        ..         ...     f  To  worry  or  brood  over. 

Lie  heavy  on  the  spirits.  J  * 

Look  blue.     To  look  discouraged ;  bilious. 

Look  downcast.     To  be  disheartened. 

Look  grave.     To  be  serious. 

Look  like  a  drowned  man.     To  be  hopeless. 

Lose  heart.     To  become  discouraged. 

Lower.     To  appear  gloomy  or  threatening. 

Make  a  long  face.     To  express  disapproval  or  disappointment. 

Mope.     See  Mope. 

Mourn.     To  be  in  great  grief  or  sorrow. 

Pine.     To  grieve  secretly;  languish  with  longing. 

Pine  away.     To  waste  away  with  longing  or  grief. 

Pout.     To  be  sullen. 

Prey  on  the  mind.     To  make  despondent. 

Prey  on  the  spirits.     See  Prey  on  the  mind. 

Prostrate.     To  cause  to  be  completely  overcome,  as  with  grief. 

Pull  a  long  face.     To  express  disappointment. 

Refrain  from  laughter.     To  be  serious  or  grave. 

Repine.     To  be  unhappy;   to  murmur. 

Repress  a  smile.     To  be  cheerless. 

Sadden.     To  grow  sad  or  despondent;  also,  to  make  sad. 

Sink.     To  depress  or  discourage. 

Sulk.     To  be  sullen  and  ill-tempered. 

Take  on.     To  sorrov  or  grieve. 

Take  to  heart.     See  Lay  to  heart. 

Unman.     To  take  away  the  courage;   dishearten. 

Weigh  on  the  mind.  I  ™    .  ,  4       , , 

Weigh  on  the  spirits  J  To  te  a  cause  of  troub,e  or  worry- 


JUIGHT-HEARTEDNESS. 


611 


LIGHT-HEARTEDNESS— DEJECTION 


LIGHTHEARTEDNESS—  DEJECTION— Continued. 


LIGHTHEARTEDNESS— Adjectives—  Continued 

Merry  as  a  cricket.  I  £ 

Merry  as  a  grig.       ) 

Merry  as  a  marriage-bell.     Very  cheerful. 

Mirthful.     Full  of  mirth. 

Mirthloving.     Gay. 

Of  good  cheer.     Cheerful. 

Palmy.     Marked  by  prosperity  or  triumph. 

Playful.     Fond  of  play. 

Playful  as  a  kitten.     Frolicsome. 

Playsome.     Playful. 

Pleasing.     See  Pleasurableness. 

Rattling.     Lively;  surprising. 

Rejoicing.     See  Jubilation. 

Rollicking.     Mirthful  and  frolicsome. 

Smiling.     See  Verbs. 

Sparkling.     Brilliant;  vivacious. 

Spirited.     Full  of  spirit,  life,  or  vigor. 

Spiritful.     Spirited. 

Sportive.     Fond  of  play;  having  a  playful  habit. 

Sprightful.     Sprightly. 

Sprightly.     Cheerful  in  disposition  and  brisk  in  manner. 

Spry.     Quick  and  active  in  movement. 

Sunny.     Bright;  genial. 

Tricksy.     Fond  of  tricks  or  pranks.     [Shakespeare,  Tempest,  V,  i  | 

Vivacious.     Having  vivacity. 

Waggish.     Given  to  tricks  or  witty  hits. 

Winsome.     Having  a  winning  appearance  or  manner. 

LIGHTHEARTEDNESS Adverbs, 

Cheerfully,  etc. .  See  Adjectives. 

Lightheartedness — Interjections. 

Away  with  melancholy !  begone  dull  carel  cheer  up  1  cornel  hence, 
loathed  melancholy !  hurrah  1  never  say  die  I 


DEJECTION— Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Lost.     Bewildered;   perplexed. 

Lowering.     Sullen;   angry. 

Low-spirited .     Depressed . 

Lugubrious.     Mournful;  doleful. 

Melancholic.     Given  to  melancholy.    See  Melancholy. 

Melancholy.     See  Melancholy. 

Melancholy  as  a  gib-cat.     Despondent. 

Moody.     Out  of  humor;  sullen. 

Moping.     See  Mope. 

Mopish.     Given  to  gloomy  feelings. 

Mournful.     Calling  forth  sorrow  or  grief 

Mumpish.     See  Mumps. 

Oppressed  with  melancholy.     Melancholy. 

Out  of  heart.     Discouraged. 

Out  of  humor.     Angry. 

Out  of  sorts.     Not  feeling  good. 

Out  of  spirits.     See  Out  op  heart. 

Overcome.     Crushed;  prostrated;  as  with  grief. 

Penseroso  [ItJ.      Pensive. 

Pensive.     Thoughtful;  sad. 

Rueful.     Causing  sorrow  or  regret. 

Sad.     In  a  condition  of  subdued  sorrow. 

Saturnine.     Having  a  gloomy  or  morose  disposition. 

Sedate.     Sober;  serious.  . 

Serious.     Of  a  sober,  earnest  disposition. 

Sick  at  heart.     Disappointed. 

Sober.     Not  given  to  jesting. 

Solemn.     Of  an  extremely  serious  and  grave  disposition. 

Somber.     Somewhat  melancholy. 

Soul-sick.     Hopeless. 

Spiritless.     Without  life  or  spirit. 

Splenetic.     Fretful  and  ill-tempered. 

Stayed  i  ®*  a  steadv'  sober  disposition. 

Sulky.     See  Sulk. 

Sullen.     Of  a  gloomy,  obstinate  disposition. 

Triste.     Sorrowful. 

Tristful.     Sad;  gloomy. 

Uncheery"1'}  Not  bnght  or  Hvely* 
Unconsolable .     See  Inconsolable, 
Unhappy.     Sorrowful. 


DEJECTION—  Verbs—  Continued. 

Wither  one's  hopes.     To  disappoint. 

Yearn.     To  long  for  with  a  feeling  of  sadness. 

Dejection — Adjectives. 

A  cup  too  low.     Not  to  have  drunk  enough  to  be  in  good  spirits. 

A  prey  to  melancholy.     Melancholy. 

Atrabilious.     Disposed  to  be  melancholy. 

Au  disespoir  [F.fl.     In  despair. 

Bilious.     Ill-natured. 

Borne  down.     Oppressed  by  sorrow  or  disappointment 

Bowed  down.      "| 

Broken  down.      /-Overcome  by  sorrow  or  disappointment 

Broken-hearted . ) 

Careworn.     Tired  and  worn  with  care. 

Cheerless.     Without  cheer  or  comfort. 

Chopfallen.     Disheartened;  discouraged. 

Clouded.     Gloomy. 

Comfortless.     In  want  or  distress. 

Crestfallen.     Dispirited. 

Cut  up.     Badly  used;  broken  in  spirit. 

Dark.     Gloomy. 

Dashed.     Disappointed . 

Demure.     Having  a  grave  or  sober  bearing. 

Depressing.     See  Verbs. 

Desolate.     Forsaken;  sad  and  lonely. 

Dts6lS{¥\     Desolate. 

Desponding.     Gloomy.     See  Despond. 

Disconsolate.     Not  to  be  comforted  or  consoled. 

Discouraged.     Having  lost  heart. 

Disheartened.     Having  lost  all  spirit  and  courage. 

Dismal.     Very  gloomy. 

Doleful.     Mournful. 

Dolesome.     See  Doleful. 

Downcast.     Downhearted. 

Downf  alien.     Dejected. 

Downhearted.     Somewhat  discouraged. 

Down  in  the  mouth.     Dejected. 

Down  on  one's  luck.     Disappointed. 

Downtrodden.     Entirely  disheartened. 

Dreadful.     Full  of  fear  or  dread. 

Dreary.     Lonely  and  cheerless. 

Dull  as  a  beetle        j  Cheerless  and    ]oom 

Dull  as  ditchwater.J  *         * 

Dumpish.     Given  to  have  the  dumps.     See  Dumps. 

Flat.     Dull;  spiritless. 

Forlorn.     Without  help  or  friends  in  time  of  need. 

Frowning.     See  Frown. 

Funereal.     Sad;  mournful. 

Gloomy.     Taking  a  sad  view  of  matters. 

Glum.     Sullen  and  silent. 

Grave  as  a  judge.     Sober. 

Grave  as  a  mustard  pot.  j  Serious      d     ]emn_ 

Grave  as  an  undertaker.) 

Grim.     Of  stern  countenance. 

GriS- visaed./  Stem  and  forbiddInS  in  aspect. 

Heart-sick.     Deeply  grieved  or  sorrowful. 

Heart-stricken.     Overwhelmed  with  grief. 

Heavy-hearted.     Sad;  despondent. 

Hipped.     Offended;  cross. 

Hypochondriacal.    See  Hypochondria. 

Ill  at  ease.     Restless. 

In  bad  humor.     In  an  ill  temper. 

Inconsolable.     Not  to  be  comforted. 

In  despair.     Utterly  hopeless. 

In  doleful  dumps.     Like  Witherington  in  Chevy-Chase,  who  "when 

his  legs  were  smitten  off,  fought  upon  his  stumps." 
In  low  spirits.     Disheartened. 
In  tears.     Weeping. 
In  the  doldrums.     Gloomy. 
In  the  dumps.     See  Dumps. 

In  the  suds.     In  trouble  or  distress,  as  on  washing  day. 
In  the  sulks.     See  Sulk. 
Jaundiced .     Envious. 
Jawfallen.     See  Chopfallen. 
Joyless.     Dull  and  solemn. 
Lackadaisical.     Listless. 
Lacrymose.     Sad;  ready  to  shed  tears. 
Lamentable.     Sorrowful. 
Long-faced.     Despondent. 

{Continued  on  Column  x  J 


LIGHT-HEARTEDNESS. 


612 


LIKELIHOOD— UNLIKELIHOOD, 


Qnlively.     Not  spirited. 
Unmanned.     See  Unman. 
Unnerved.     Discouraged. 


DEJECTION — Adjectives — Continued. 

Wan.  Haggard;  pale. 
Weary.  Worn;  tired. 
Wobegone.     Wretched. 

Dejection — Adverbs,  etc. 

With  tears  in  one's  eyes. 


Sadly.     See  Sad. 

With  a  long  face.     Disappointedly  or  sorrowfully. 

Dejection — Phrases, 

The  countenance  falling:  the  heart  failing  one;  the  heart  sinking  within  one. 


Weeping. 


light'-house".  A  tower  bearing  at  the  top  a  lamp  for 
guiding  sailors  at  points  of  danger.  Luminary- 
Shade,  Sign,  Warning. 

light'-leg"-ged.     Swift-footed.    Swiftness-Slowness. 

light'-less.     Dark.     Light-Darkness. 

light'-mind"-ed.  Frivolous.  Determination-Vacil- 
lation. 

Ught'-ness.  The  condition  or  quality  of  being  light. 
Heaviness-Lightness. 

light'-ning.  A  discharge  of  atmospheric  electricity, 
accompanied  by  a  vivid  flash  of  light.  Light-Dark- 
ness, Luminary-Shade,  Swiftness-Slowness;  flash 
of  lightning,  Eternity-Instantaneity;  quick  as 
lightning,  Eternity-Instantaneity. 

light'-some.  Blithesome;  luminous;  playful.  Deter- 
mination-Vacillation, Light-Darkness,  Light- 
he  iRTEDNESS-DEJECTION. 

lig'-ne-ous.     Woody.     Fauna-Flora. 
lig'-no-graph.     A  wood-cut.     Engraving. 


lig-nog'-ra-phy. 

GRAVING. 


The  art  of  engraving  on  wood.     En- 


lig'-nous.     Ligneous.     Fauna-Flora. 

like.  To  have  a  taste  for;  to  enjoy;  to  choose;  having 
resemblance.  Approval-Disapproval,  Delinea- 
tion-Caricature, Desire-Distaste,  Imitation- 
Originality,  Likeness-Unlikeness,  Love-Hate, 
Palatableness  -  Unpalatabi.eness,  Pleasure- 
Pain;  as  like  a  dock  as  a  daisy,  Likeness-Unlike- 
ness; do  what  one  likes,  Liberty-Subjection;  like 
enough,  Likelihood-Unlikelihood;  like  master, 
like  man,  Imitation-Originality;  look  like,  Ap- 
pearance-Disappearance; the  like,  Likeness-Un- 
likeness; very  like  a  whale,  Likeness-Unlikeness; 
we  shall  not  look  upon  his  like  again,  Supremacy- 
Subordinacy. 

like'-li-hood.     A  probability;  verisimilitude.     Likeli 
hood-Unlikelihood. 


LIKELIHOOD— UNLIKELIHOOD. 


Chance.  Undetermined  probability  or  likelihood.  See  Purpose- 
Luck. 

Circumstantial  evidence.  Evidence  of  an  indirect  nature,  or  de- 
pendent on  circumstances. 

Color.     That  which  hides  the  reality;  a  plausible  appearance. 

Credibility.     State  of  being  worthy  of  one's  confidence  or  belief. 

Fair  chance.     A  moderate  probability. 

Fair  prospect.     A  reasonable  expectation  of. 

Favorable  prospect.     An  anticipation  that  seems  sure. 

Good  chance.     Favorable  prospect. 

Good  prospect.     An  indication  justifying  hope  or  expectation. 

Likelihood.     Appearance  of  reality. 

Likeliness.     State  of  being  likely.     See  Adjectives. 

Plausibility.  State  of  being  plausible;  a  seeming  of  truth  though 
uncertain. 

Presumption.     Strong  probability. 

Presumptive  evidence.  Evidence  affording  reasonable  ground  of 
belief. 

Probability.     The  state  of  being  probable,  of  being  likely  to  happen. 

Prospect.     Anticipation;  expectation. 

Reasonable  chance.   1   .  .        ,  ,  .    ..     .. 

Reasonable  prospect  J  A  hopeful  ™&"*™- 

Semblance,     An  appearance;  a  likeness. 

Show  of.     An  external  appearance;  unreal  exhibition. 

Verisimilitude.     Appearance  of  truth  or  reality. 

Vraisemblance  [F.fl.     A  likelihood. 

Well-grounded  hope.     Strong  likelihood. 

Li  k  el  i  h  ood— Verbs. 

Be  probable.     See  Adjectives. 

Bid  fair.     To  be  likely;  promise  success.     See  Prophect. 

Count  upon.     To  rely;  have  confidence  in.     See  Faith. 

Dare  say.     To  have  courage  to  say. 

Expect.     To  look  for  as  probable.     See  Expectation. 

Flatter  oneself.     To  persuade  with  visionary  hopes. 

Give  color  to.     To  give  appearance  of. 

Imply.     To  include  by  inference  without  being  expressed  in  words. 

See  Evidence. 
Lend  color  to.     To  make  it  very  probable. 
Point  to.     To  indicate  as  probable. 
Run  a  good  chance.   \ «    .  ...    ...       .    , 

Stand  a  good  chance,  f  To  **  a  strong  M»hhood  of  occurnn*.  etc. 
Stand  fair  for.     To  promise  success. 
Think  likely.     Probably. 


Unlikelihood. 


Bad  chance.     Slight  probability. 

Ba*e  possibility.     A  very  remote  probability. 

Improbability.     That  which  is  naturally  unexpected  to  happen. 

Incredibility.     Quality  of  being  untrustworthy  or  incredible.     See 

Faith-Misgiving. 
Little  chance.     Unfavorable  conjunction  of  circumstances. 
Long  odds.     A  great  deal. 
No  chance. 
Scarcely  any  chance. 
Small  chance. 
Unfavorable  chance. 
Unlikelihood.     Want  of  likelihood. 

Unlikelihood — Verbs. 
Be  improbable.     See  Adjectives. 
Have  a  small  chance.     See  Nouns. 

Unlikelihood — Adjectives. 
Contrary  to  all  reasonable  expectations.    Improbable. 
Improbable.     Not  likely  to  happen. 
Inconceivable.     Not  conceivable;  contrary  to  reason. 
Incredible.     Unbelievable.     See  Faith-Misgiving. 
Inimaginable.     Unimaginable. 

Rare.     Infrequently  occurring.     See  Frequency-RariTT. 
Unheard  of.     Improbable;   obscure. 
Unimaginable.     Not  capable  of  being  imagined. 
Unlikely.     Not  likely;  not  probable. 

Unlikelihood — Phrases. 
Aquila  non  capit  muscas  [L.fl.     An  eagle  does  not  catch  flie». 
Pedir  peras  al  oltno  [Sp.|.     To  look  for  pears  on  the  elm. 
The  chances  are  against  one.     One  is  likely  to  lose. 


LIKELIHOOD—  Continued. 
Likelihood — Adjectives. 
Apparent.     Plain  to  sight;   seeming  in  distinction  from  rati. 
Ben  trovato  [It.j.     Well  found;  reasonable. 
Colorable.     Having  an  appearance  of  right  or  fact. 
Credible.     Able  to  be  believed. 
Easy  of  belief.     Very  probable. 
Hopeful.     Promising  success. 
In  a  fair  way.     Of  great  likelihood. 
Likely.     Having  probability;   plausible. 
Ostensible.     Offered  as  a  reason,  real  or  professed. 


LIKELIHOOD. 


613 


LIKENESS— UNLIKENESS. 


LIKELIHOOD— Adjectives— Continued. 


Plausible.     Apparently  true  though  it  may  be  false. 
Presumable.     Capable  of  being  presumed;   reasonable. 
Presumptive.     Offering  grounds  for  belief. 
Probable.     Having  more  evidence  for  than  against. 
Reasonable.     Based  on  reason;  just. 


Specious.     Having  the  appearance  of  truth,  ofttimes  without  the 

reality. 
To  be  expected.     Having  strong  likelihood  of  occurring. 
Well  founded.     Supported  by  good  evidence. 


Likelihood — Adverbs. 


According  to  every  reasonable  expectation ,  apparently;  belike;  in  all 
likelihood;  in  all  probabilities;  like  enough;  most  likely;  prima 
facie   [L  \  at  first  appearance;     probably  (see  Adjectives),   seem- 


ingly;   ten  to  one;    to  all  appearances  (see  Appearance);  very 

likely. 


Likelihood — Phrases. 


All  Lombard  Street  to  a  china  orange  ;  appearances  are  in  favor  of; 
chances  are  in  favor  of;  I  dare  say;  the  chances  are;  the  odds  are; 


there  is  reason  to  believe;  there  is  reason  to  expect;  there  is  reason) 
to  think. 


like'-li-ness.  Probability.  Likelihood  -  Unlikeli- 
hood. 

like'-ly.  Plausible;  probably.  Likelihood-Unlikeli- 
hood; think  likely,  Expectation-Surprise,  Likeli- 
hood-Unlikelihood. 


like'-ness.     A  resemblance;  a  portrait.     Copy-Model, 
Delineation-Caricature,    Likeness-Unlikeness, 
Nature-Art;    bad   likeness,    Delineation-Carica 
ture. 


LIKENESS-UNLIKENESS. 


■  Likeness  in  detail. 


Affinity.     Close  resemblance  or  relationship. 

Agreement,  etc.     The  state  of  agreeing  or  of  being  conformable.     See 
Harmony. 

Analogicalness.     The  quality  of  being  analogical. 

Analogy.     A  resemblance  of  relations. 

Approximation.     The  act  of  approximating  or  state  of  being  approxi- 
mated. 

Brotherhood.     The  state  of  being  a  brother. 

Close  likeness.         1  »  ...       ,    .     ..     ,. 

Close  resemblance./  *"  exact  or  llteral  s'm'lanty- 

Connaturality.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  connatural. 

Connaturalness.     See  Connaturality. 

Faithful  likeness. 

Faithful  resemblance.) 

Family  likeness.     Likeness  of  features  in  members  of  a  family. 

Likeness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  like. 

Parallelism.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  parallel. 

Repetition,  etc.     The  act  of  repeating.     See  Recurrence. 

Resemblance,     The  quality  or  state  of  resembling. 

Sameness,  etc.     Absence  of  difference.     See  Sameness 

Semblance      Outward  likeness,  imaginary  or  real. 

Similarity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  similar. 

Similitude.     Similarity. 

Speaking  likeness.         1  A  ]ive,     ,;keness 

Speaking  resemblance. ) 

Striking  likeness.         )  ...  ..         .    ,   . 

Striking  resemblance./  L'k«>«s  easllV  noted.  rmpress.ve. 

Uniformity.     The  state  or  quality  of  having  sameness  of  form. 
Likeness — Associated  Nouns, 

Alliteration.     The  recurrence  of  the  same  initial  letter  or  sound  in 
the  first  accented  syllables  of  two  or  more  words. 

Alter  ego  [L.0-     Another  self ;  a  friend. 

Analogue.     A  word  in  one  language  corresponding  to  one  in  another. 

Arcades  ambo  [L.J.     Arcadians  both. 

Birds  of  a  feather.     Persons  of  like  traits. 

Brother.     A  male  person  having  the  same  parents  as  another. 

Chip  of  the  old  block.     A  person  resembling  his  father. 

Counterpart.     A  person  or  thing  precisely  similar  to  another. 

Double.     A  person  or  thing  that  closely  resembles  another. 

Et  hoc  genus  omne  [L.[J.     And  everything  of  this  kind. 

Fellow.     A  person  joined  to  another  in  action,  location,  or  position. 

Image,  etc.     A  visible  representation  of  a  person  or  thing.     See 
Delineation. 

Match.     One  similar  or  equal  in  appearance,  position,  quality,  or 
character. 

Mate.     One  that  is  paired  with  another. 

One's  second  self.     A  person  exactly  resembling  another. 

Pair.     Two  persons  or  things  of  a  kind. 

Parallel.     Anything  that  corresponds  in  all  important  features  with 
another. 

Par  nobile  fratrum  [L.|.     A  noble  pair  of  brothers. 

Pendant  [F.|.     A  counterpart. 

Photograph.     A  picture  taken  by  light. 

Pun.     The  witty  use  of  a  word  in  two  senses. 

Rhyme.     A  correspondence  of  sounds  in  two  or  more  words. 

Simile.     A  formal  comparison,  which  directs  the  mind  to  the  repre- 
sentative object  itself,  likening  one  thing  to  another. 

Sister.     A  female  person  who  has  the  same  parents  as  another. 


Difference,  etc.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  separate  or  unlike  in 

any  respect.     See  Variation. 
Disparity.     The  state  of  being  disparate. 
Dissemblance.     Lack  of  resemblance. 
Dissimilarity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  dissimilar. 
Dissimilitude.     Dissimilarity. 

Diversity.     The  state  of  differing  in  some  essential  characteristic. 
Novelty.     The  quality  of  being  new  or  novel. 
Originality.     The  quality  of  being  original. 
TJnlikeness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  unlike. 


Unlikeness — Verbs. 

Bear  no  resemblance.     Be  wholly  unlike. 
Be  unlike,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Differ  toto  carlo.     To  be  as  different  as  possible. 
Render  unlike,  etc.     See  Mutation. 

Vary,  etc.     To  change  or  be  changed  partially;  to  be  somewhat  dif- 
ferent in  one  or  more  characteristics.     See  Variation. 

Unlikeness — Adjectives. 

As  different  as  chalk  from  cheese.  1  w,    ..         ... 

As  different  as  Macedon  and  Monmouth./  wnoIlv  «""*<=. 

As  like  a  dock  as  a  daisy.)  „         ,.„ 

Cast  in  a  different  mold.  /  Vcry  *«««*■ 

Disparate.     That  cannot  be  compared;  entirely  different. 

Dissimilar.     Not  similar. 

Diversified,   etc.     Made    essentially   different   in    various    parts    or 

characteristics. 
Far  from  it.     Very  different. 
Lucus  a  non  lucendo  [L.fl.     A  grove,  from   not  being  light,  given 

a  name  which  means  just  the  opposite. 
New.     Having  no  counterpart;  recently  come  into  existence. 

Nothing  of  the  kind./         y 

Novel.     Of  recent  origin;  strange  and  unusual. 

Of  a  different  kind.     See  Division. 

Original.     Not   produced   by  imitation;  able   to   produce  without 

imitating. 
Quite  another  thing.     Different. 

Tertiumquid  [L.j.     A  third  something;  a  thing  not  yet  known 
Unique.     The  only  one  of  its  kind. 
Unlike.     Not  like. 
Unmatched.     With  an  equal  or  similar  one  either  not  found  or  not  is 

existence. 
Unprecedented.     Preceded  by  no  similar  case  or  example. 
"Very  like  a  whale."     Like  anything  you  please.     [Shakespeare^ 

Hamlet,  III,  iii.fl 

Unlikeness — Adverb. 
Otherwise.     In  another  way  or  manner. 

Unlikeness— Phrase. 
VHs  aliter  visum  [L.|.     The  gods  have  judged  otherwise. 


LIKENESS. 


G14 


LINCTUS. 


LIKENESS — Associated  Nouns — Continued. 


The  like.     A  like  person,  thing,  or  event. 

Twin.     One  of  two  young  produced  at  the  same  birth. 


Type,  etc.     One  of  a  class  or  group  of  objects  that  embodies  the 
characteristics  of  the  group  or  class.     See  Trope. 


Likeness — Verbs. 


Approximate.  To  make  or  become  very  nearly  but  not  exactly 
alike 

Assimilate.  To  become  or  cause  to  become  more  harmonious  or  con- 
formable. 

Bear  resemblance.     To  be  like  unto. 

Be  similar,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Bring  near.     See  Adjectives. 

Conna t uralize .     To  make  connatural . 

Imitate*  etc.     To  produce  a  likeness  of.     See  Imitation. 

Look  alike.     To  have  resemblance 

Make  alike.     To  make  similar. 


Match.     To  make  similar  to  something;  obtain  that  which  is  exactly 

similar  to. 
Parallel.     To  make  parallel. 
Pun.     To  use  a  word  in  a  double  sense. 
Render  similar.     To  make  alike. 
Resemble.     To    be    the   same   in   nature,    appearance,   quality     or 

operation. 
Rhyme.     Similarity  of  sound. 
Savor  of.     Have  certain  characteristics  of. 
Smack  of.     To  have  a  faint  resemblance. 
Take  after.     To  resemble,  as  in  habits  or  character. 


Likeness — Adjectives. 


Akin  to.     Related  by  blood  to;  of  similar  nature  with. 

Alike       Differing  either  not  at  all  or  not  in  a  marked  degree;  of  the 

same  essential  form. 
Allied  to.     Morphologically  related. 
Analogical.     Containing  or  involving  analogy. 

Analogous.    Bearing  analogy  or  resemblance,  as  to  form,  relation,  etc. 
Approximate.     Nearly  resembling. 
A  show  of.     Make  a  real  or  fanciful  appearance  of. 
As  like  as  it  can  stare.)  ^       .,      ,., 
As  like  as  two  peas,     j  Exactly  ahke. 
Cast  in  the  same  mold.     Alike  in  form  or  disposition. 
Close.     Very  similar. 

Comme  deux  gouttes  d'eau  [F.].     As  like  as  two  drops  of  water. 
Congener.     Of  the  same  stock,  group,  kind,  etc. 
Connatural.     Having  the  same  nature. 
Exact,  etc.     Precisely  and  perfectly  conformed  to  a  certain  standard. 

See  Truth. 
Faithful.     True  in  detail  or  representation. 
For  all  the  world  like.     Having  a  very  close  resemblance. 
Instar  omnium  [L.].     Worth  them  all. 
Lifelike.     Having  the  exact  appearance  of  a  living  being. 
Like.     Nearly  identical  in  appearance  and  characteristics. 


Mock.     Merely  imitating  the  real. 

Much  the  same.     Having  many  characteristics  in  common. 

Near.     Closely  related  or  similar. 

Of  a  piece.     Of  the  same  kind. 

Parallel.     Conforming  to  something  in  character  and  form. 

Pseudo  [Gr.J.     Exhibiting  deceptive  appearance  of  likeness 

Representing.     To  present  a  likeness  of. 

Resembling,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Ridiculously  like.     So  much  alike  that  not  to  see  the  difference  were 

ridiculous. 
Similar.     Bearing  resemblance  to  each  other  or  to  something  else; 

like,  but  not  completely  identical. 
Simulating.     Have  a  mere  appearance  of  without  reality. 
So.     Of  a  like  degree  or  manner. 

Something  like.     Bearing  only  a  partial  resemblance. 
Such  as.    )  c.    ., 
Such  like./  Similar  to. 
The  picture  of.        \ ,,       v. 
The  very  image  of./ Veryhke- 
True  to  nature.  \  «       .,  . 

True  to  the  life  J  Exactly  P™*™*"*- 
Twin.     Resembling,  like  twins;  being  one  of  twi«s. 


Likeness — Adverbs. 
As  if ;  as  if  it  were;  as  it  were;  just  as;  quasi  [L.],  appearing  as  if;  so  to  speak;  veluti  in  speculum  [L.  J,  as  if  into  a  mirror. 

Likeness — Phrases. 


Et  sic  de  similibus  [L.J.     And  so  of  the  like. 
Certs  de  rneme  famille  [F.I.     Birds  of  a  feather. 


Tel  maitre ,  tel  valet  [F.].     Like  master,  like  man. 
Tel  pere,  tel  fils  [F.].     Like  father,  like  son. 


like'-wise.  In  like  manner;  also;  too.  Addition-Sub- 
traction. 

lik'-ing.  Kindly  feeling;  fondness.  Desire-Distaste, 
Love-Hate;  have  a  liking  for,  Pleasure-Pain;  to 
one's  liking,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

li'-lac.  The  color  of  the  lilac  flower.  Yellowness- 
Purple. 

Lil'-ies  of  France.  Emblem  of  France.  Patriotism- 
Treason. 

Lil"-li-pu'-tian.  Very  small.  [Swift,  Gulliver's  Travels.] 
Greatness-Littleness. 

lil'-y.  White  and  soft.  Beauty-Ugliness,  White- 
ness-Blackness. 

lil'-y-heart"-ed.     Cowardly.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

lil'-y-liv"-ered.     Cowardly.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

limm  labor  [L.]  (lai'-mi  le'-bor).  Labor  of  the  file; 
painstaking  literary  work.  Betterment-Deterior- 
ation, Toil-Relaxation. 

Ii-ma'-tion.    The  act  of  filing  or  polishing.    Friability. 

li'-ma-ture.  Limation;  filings.  Friability,  Friction- 
Lubrication. 

limb.  Edge  or  border;  one  of  the  members  of  the  body. 
Astronomy,  Instrument,  Whole-Part;  limb  of  the 
law,  Advocate. 

lim'-ber.  Easily  bent;  limp;  a  hole  cut  through  the 
floor  timbers  of  a  ship.  Conveyance-Vessel,  Hard- 
ness-Softness. 

lim'-bo.    A  region  bordering  on  hell;  a  prison.  Heaven- 


Hell,    Release-Prison,    Release-Restraint;    in 
Umbo,  Keeper-Prisoner,  Pleasure-Pain. 

lime.  To  ensnare.  Truthfulness-Fraud;  lime  light, 
Luminary-Shade. 

lime'-kiln".  A  kiln  for  burning  lime  from  limestone. 
Oven-Refrigerator. 

lim'-it.  To  bound;  to  check.  Beginning-End,  Bound- 
ary, Confinement,  Leave-Prohibition,  Modifi- 
cation. 

lim"-i-ta'-tion.  The  act  of  limiting;  that  which  limits. 
Alienation,  Confinement,  Modification,  Prop- 
erty, Release-Restraint. 

lim'-it-ed.  Circumscribed.  Greatness-Littleness, 
Magnitude-Smallness;  to  a  limited  extent,  Fault- 
lessness-Faultiness. 

lim'-it-less.     Illimitable.     Infinity. 

limn.    To  delineate.     Painting. 

lim'-ner.     Illuminator.     Artist. 

limp.  To  walk  lamely;  soft  or  pliable;  limber;  weak. 
Hardness-Softness,  Strength-Weakness,  Suc- 
cess-Failure, Swiftness-Slowness. 

lim'-pid.      Crystal-clear.      Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

lim-pid'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  limpid.  Diapha- 
neity-Opaqueness. 

lin.     A  pool;  a  waterfall.     Gulf-Plain,  Riveb-Wind. 

linc'-ture.    A  syrup-like  medicine.     Remedy-Bane. 

linc'-tus.  Medicine  taken  by  licking  with  the  tonaue 
Remedy-Bane. 


LINE. 


615 


LIQUEFACTION— VOLATILIZATION. 


line.  To  make  lines  upon;  to  outline;  to  form  in  line; 
to  cover  the  inside  of;  a  string  or  cord;  a  stroke;  out- 
line; limit;  route;  kinship  in  direct  descent;  regular 
troops;  rule;  that  which  has  but  one  dimension.  Aim- 
Aberration,  Appearance-Disappearance,  Bel- 
ligerent, Breadth-Narrowness,  Connective, 
Continuity-Interruption,  Cover-Lining,  Curva- 
tion-Rectilinearity,  Length-Shortness,  Melody- 
Dissonance,  Mensuration,  Occupation,  Outline, 
Parentage-Progeny,  Poetry-Prose,  Sign,  Writ- 
ing-Printing; boundary  line,  Boundary;  draw  the 
line,  Differentiation-Indiscrimination;  in  a  line, 
Continuity-Interruption,  Curvation-Rectiline- 
arity;  in  a  line  with,  Aim-Aberration;  line  engrav- 
ing, Engraving;  line  of  action,  Conduct;  line  of 
battle, Continuity-Interruption;  line-of-battle ship, 
Belligerent;  line  of  march,  Aim-Aberration;  line 
of  road,  Way;  read  between  the  lines,  Interpreta- 
tion-Misinterpretation; sounding  line,  Deepness- 
Shallowness;  straight  line,  Curvation-Recti- 
linearity;  troops  of  the  line,  Belligerent. 

lin'-e-age.  Ancestral  line  of  consanguinity;  pedigree; 
family.  Continuity-Interruption,  Parentage- 
Progeny,  Relationship. 

lin'-e-a-ment.  Feature;  outline.  Appearance-Disap- 
pearance, Form-Formlessness,  Sign. 

lin'-e-ar.  Of  the  nature  of  a  line;  involving  measure- 
ment in  one  direction;  in  a  straight  line.  Con- 
tinuity-Interruption, Length-Shortness,  Par- 
entage-Progeny. 

lined.     Fitted  out  on  the  inside.     Cover-Lining. 

lin'-en.  A  fabric  woven  from  the  fibers  of  flax.  Dress- 
Undress. 

lin '-en-scroll".     Ornament.     Architecture. 

lines.  A  row  of  fortifications.  Appearance-Disap- 
pearance, Attack-Defense,  Outline;  hard  lines, 
Harshness-Mildness,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

lin'-ger.  To  drag;  to  hesitate;  to  tarry.  Earliness- 
Lateness,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

lin'-ger-ing.  Remaining  or  continuing  long.  Last- 
ingness-Transientness. 

lin'-go.  Language;  a  dialect.  Language,  Word- 
Neology. 

lingua  jranca  [L.]  (lin'-gwa  fran'-ca).  A  mixture  of 
Italian  with  Arabic,  Turkish,  Greek,  etc.;  a  jargon. 
Word-Neology. 

lin-gua'-cious.  Loquacious.  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity. 

lin'-gual.  Pertaining  to  or  formed  by  the  tongue. 
Language,  Speech-Inarticulateness. 

lin'-guist.  An  adept  in  languages;  a  philologist.  Lan- 
guage, Scholar-Dunce. 

lin-guis'-tic.     Pertaining  to  language.     Language. 

lin-guis'-tics.     Comparative  philology.     Language. 

lin'-i-ment.  A  liquid  or  oily  preparation  for  rubbing  on 
the  skin.    Pulpiness-Oiliness,  Remedy-Bane. 

li'-ning.  A  cover  for  the  inner  surface  of  a  thing. 
Cover-Lining. 


link.  To  interlock;  to  couple;  part  of  a  chain ;  a  con- 
stituent part  of  a  series;  a  torch.  Connection-Inde- 
pendence, Connective,  Crossing,  Luminary- 
Shade,  Station,  Union-Disunion,  Whole-Part. 

link'-boy".     A  torch-boy.     Manager. 

linked.     Joined.     Linked  together,  Association. 

li-no'-le-um.  A  material  used  as  floor-cloth.  Cover- 
Lining,  Material. 

lin'-seed"-oil".  Oil  expressed  from  flaxseed.  Pul- 
piness-Oiliness. 

lin'-sey-wol'-sey.  Made  of  linen  and  wool  mixed. 
Mixture-Homogeneity. 

lin'-stock.  A  pointed  staff  with  a  crotch  at  one  end  to 
hold  a  lighted  match.     Combustibility. 

lint.  The  soft  down  of  raveled  or  scraped  linen. 
Cover-Lining. 

lin'-tel.  The  head-piece  of  a  door,  or  window-irame. 
Architecture,  Suspension-Support. 

li'-on.  A  large  animal  of  Africa  and  Asia;  a  courageous 
person;  a  prominent  person;  an  object  of  interest. 
Bravery-Cowardice,  Phenomenon,  Reputation- 
Discredit;  as  dewdrops  from  the  lion's  mane,  Over- 
valuation-Undervaluation; come  in  like  a  lion, 
Turbulence-Calmness  ;  in  the  lion's  den,  Security- 
Insecurity;  lion  in  the  path,  Obstruction-Help; 
liop  lies  down  with  the  lamb,  Strife-Peace;  lion's 
share,  Dueness-Undueness,  Excess-Lack,  Su- 
premacy-Subordinacy,  Whole-Part. 

li'-on-el.     A  young  lion.     Infant-Veteran. 

li'-on-ess.     A  female  lion.     Male-Female. 

li'-on-et.     A  small  lion.     Infant-Veteran. 

li'-on-heart"-ed.     Brave.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

li'-on-ize.     To   pay  great   attention   to   socially.     In- 

QUISITIVENESS  -  INDIFFERENCE,         REPUTATION  -  DIS- 
CREDIT. 

li'-on-like".  Resembling  the  lion  in  strength  or  cour- 
age.    Bravery-Cowardice. 

lip.  The  edge  or  border  of  the  mouth ;  amargin,  edge, 
or  border.  Beginning-End,  Border,  Convexity- 
Concavity,  Laterality-Contraposition;  finger  on 
the  lips,  Talkativeness-Taciturnity,  Vocaliza- 
tion-Muteness ;  hang  on  the  lips  of,  Hearing-Deaf- 
ness; lip  homage,  Adulation-Disparagement, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood;  lip  service,  Godliness- 
Ungodliness,  Truthfulness-Falsehood;  lip  wis- 
dom, Sagacity-Incapacity  ;  open  one's  lips,  Speech- 
Inarticulateness;  seal  the  lips,  Talkativeness- 
Taciturnity;  smack  the  lips,  Palatableness-Un- 
palatableness,  savor  -  tastelessness,  sensual- 
ity-Suffering. 

li-poth'-y-my.  Fainting;  syncope.  Weariness-Re- 
freshment. 

lip'-pi-tude.     Chronic     ophthalmia.     Sight-Dimsight- 

EDNESS. 

li'-quate.    Melt.    Liquefaction-Volatilization. 

liq  -ue-fac'-tion.  Conversion  into  or  existence  as  a 
liquid.  Heating-Cooling,  Liquefaction-Volati- 
lization. 


LIQUEFACTION— VOLATILIZATION. 


Alkahest.     An  imaginary  universal  solvent. 
Apozem.     A  decoction. 

_  ..l1111*,101?.*        f  The  act  of  fusing  different  bodies  into  one  mass. 
Colhquefaction.  * 

Deliquation.     Act  of  dissolving  or  melting. 

Dissolution.     Change  from  a  solid  to  a  liquid  form. 

Fhix.     The  process  of  melting. 

Infusion.     The  act  of  pouring  in. 

Liquefaction.     The  act  of  converting  into  liquid. 

j.  '  r  The  state  of  being  liquescent. 

Lixiviation.     The  process  of  lixiviating;  leeching. 

Lixivium.     A  solution  obtained  by  lixiviation. 

Melting,  etc.     The  act  of  reducing  from  a  solid  to  a  liquid  state  by 

heat-     See  Heating. 
Menstruum.     A  solvent. 


Cohobation.     The  act  of  cohobating. 
Distillation.     The  act  of  distilling. 
Evaporation.     The  act  of  becoming  v?por. 
Exhalation.     The  act  of  exhaling. 
Fumigation.     The  act  of  fumigating. 
Gasification.     The  act  of  changing  into  gas. 
Steaming.     The  act  of  making  steam. 
Sublimation.     The  act  of  subliming. 
Vaporization.     The  act  of  converting  into  vapor 
Volatility.     The  state  of  being  volatile. 
Volatilization.     The  act  of  volatilizing. 

Volatilization — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Retort.     A  vessel  used  in  distillation. 

Still.     An  apparatus  used  in  changing  a  substance  by  heat  into  vapol 

Vaporizer.     An  instrument  used  in  vaporization. 


LIQUEFACTION. 


616 


LIQUID— GAS. 


LIQUEFACTION— VOLATILIZATION— Continued. 


Solution.     The  change  of  matter  from  a  solid  or  gaseous  into  a  liquid 

state  by  combination  with  a  liquid. 
Solvent.     That  which  is  suitable  for  dissolving. 
Thaw.     Changing  from  a  frozen  to  an  unfrozen  state  by  heat. 

Liquefaction — Verbs 
Dissolve.     To  change  from  a  solid  to  a  liquid  condition. 
Fine  still.     To  distil  from  fermented  molasses. 
Hold  in  solution.     Keep  in  a  fluid  state, 
lqua  e.  J.  To  convert  jnto  a  liquid  or  liquid  form. 

Melt.     Become  liquid  by  heat. 

Render  liquid.     To  convert  into  a  liquid.     See  Liquid. 

Resolve.     To  separate  into  constituent  parts. 

Run.     Become  fluid. 

Solve.     To  dissolve. 

Liquefaction — Adjectives. 
Colliquative.     Melting. 
Deliquescent.     Becoming  liquid  in  the  air. 
Liquefiable.     Capable  of  being  liquefied. 
Liquefied.     Made  liquid. 
Liquescent.     Inclined  to  liquefy. 
Soluble.     Capable  of  liquefying. 

Hq/-ue-fi"-a-ble.  Capable  of  being  changed  to  a  liquid. 
Liquefaction-Volatilization. 

liq'-ue-fied.  Made  like  liquid.  Liquefaction-Vola- 
tilization, Liquid-Gas. 

liq'-ue-fy.  Convert  into  a  liquid.  Heating-Cooling, 
Liquefaction-Volatilization,  Liquid-Gas. 


Volatilization — Verbs. 
Cohobate.     Distil  again. 
Distil.     To  fall  in  drops. 
Emit  vapor.     Give  out  vapor. 
Evaporate.     To  pass  off  in  vapor. 
Exhale.     To  send  out  as  vapor. 
Fume.     To  pass  off  in  vapor. 
Fumigate.     To  expose  to  smoke. 
Reek.     To  emit  vapor. 
Render  gaseous,  etc.     See  Liquid-Gas. 
Smoke.     To  emit  smoke. 
Steam.     Give  off  steam. 
Sublime.     To  turn  a  solid  to  vapor  by  heat. 
Transpire.     To  pass  off  in  the  form  of  vapor. 
Vaporize.     To  turn  into  vapor. 
Volatilize.     To  make  volatile. 

Volatilization — Adjectives. 

Evaporable.     Capable  of  being  made  into  vapor. 
Reeking,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Vapohzable.     Capable  of  being  turned  into  vapor. 
Volatile.     Easily  passing  into  vapor. 
Volatilized,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

H-ques'-cence.  The  quality  of  being  liquescent.  Liq- 
uefaction-Volatilization. 

H-ques'-cent.  Melting.   Liquefaction-Volatilization. 

li-queur'.  An  alcoholic  cordial  sweetened  and  fla- 
vored. Nutriment-Excretion,  Sweetness-Acidity 


LIQUID— GAS. 


Fluid.     Any  substance  that  flows. 

Fluidity.     State  of  being  fluid. 

Gaseity,  etc.     State  of  being  a  gas. 

Humor.     Any  moisture  of  the  body. 

Hydrodynamics.     Dynamics  of  fluids. 

Hydrology.     Science  of  the  waters  of  the  earth. 

Hydrostatics.     Science  of  liquids  at  rest. 

Inelastic  liquid.     A  fluid  that  does  not  tend  to  expand  to  the  limits 

of  containing  space. 
Juice.     Liquid  part  of  animal  or  vegetable  matter. 
Liquid.     A  V«dy  in  that  state  in  which  the  particles  move  freely 

among  themselves. 

LiquidnL.  I  State  of  being  a  liq"id 
Liquor.     An  alcoholic  liquid. 
Sap.     The  juice  of  plants. 

Serum     J  ^-^in,  watery,  animal  fluid. 

S^lubleness.  i  Havin* the  Quality  of  being  soluble. 
Liquid — Denotations. 

Blood.     The  fluid  that  circulates  in  the  heart,  arteries,  veins,  and 
capillaries. 

Champagne.     A  highly  effervescent  wine. 

Chyle.     A  milky  fluid  contained  in  the  lacteals  of  the  small  intestines 
during  digestion. 

Cider.     The  juice  of  apples,  used  as  a  beverage. 

Gravy.     The  juice  from  meats  in  roasting. 

Ichor.     The  ethereal  fluid,  answering  to  human  blood,  supposed  to 
flow  in  the  veins  of  the  gods. 

Lymph.     A  transparent,  colorless  fluid  of  the  lymphatic  vessels  of 
the  body. 

Rheum.   Thin  watery  fluid  from  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  head. 

Sanies.     A  fluid  of  offensive  smell  discharged  from  ulcers. 

Whisky.     An  alcoholic  liquor  obtained  by  the  distillation  of  a  fer- 
mented starchy  compound. 

Liquid — Verbs. 

Be  fluid,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Flow.     To  move  along  by  force  of  gravity.  See  River-Wind. 

Liquefy.     To  change  to  a  Hquid.    See  Liquefaction-Volatiliza- 
tion. 

Liquid — Adjectives. 

Fluent.     Capable  of  flowing. 

Fluid.     Having  properties  of  a  fluid. 

Liquefied.     Changed  to  a  liquid  state. 

Liquid.     Having  properties  of  a  liquid.  . 

Juicy.     Full  of  juice. 

Sappy.     Full  of  sap.  • 


Aerodynamics.     Dynamics  of  gases. 
Aerostatics.     Sciences  of  gases  at  rest. 

Air.     The  mixture  of  gases  that  forms  the  envelope  of  the  earth. 
Cloud.     Visible  vapor. 

Effluvium.     Exhalation  perceived  by  smell. 

Elastic  fluid.     One  that  tends  to  expand  to  the  limits  of  the  contain- 
ing space. 
Ether.     A  medium  supposed  to  pervade  all  space . 

Flat'ulenc":}  *"»«*  °f  *«*»*W  wind- 
Flatus.     Puff  of  wind. 

Fumarole.     A  hole  in  a  volcano  from  which  fumes  issue. 
Fume.     Narcotic,  choking  vapor. 
Gas.     An  aeriform  fluid. 
Gaseity.     Having  form  of  gas. 

Gas-meter.     An  apparatus  for  measuring  the  quantity  of  gas  con- 
sumed. 
Gasometer.     An  apparatus  for  measuring  and  holding  gas. 
Pneumatics.      j  sdence    f  e]astic  fluids 
PneumostaticsJ 
Reek.     Vapor. 

Steam.     Water  in  vaporous  form. 

Vapor.     Gaseous  state  of  a  substance,  ordinarily  a  solid  or  liquid. 
Vaporousness.     Having  the  properties  of  vapor. 
Volatility.     Disposition  to  evaporate. 

Gas  —  Verb. 
To  emit  vapor,  etc.     To  give  off  vapor,  etc 

Gas — Adjectives. 
Aerial.     Consisting  of  air;  found  in  the  air. 
Aeriform.     Of  the  nature  of  air. 
Airy.     Consisting  of  air. 
Ethereal.     Pertaining  to  ether. 
Evaporable.     Capable  of  evaporating. 
Flatulent.     Tending  to  generate  wind. 
Gaseous.     Having  the  state  or  properties  of  gas. 
Vaporous.     Of  or  like  vapor. 
Volatile.     Disposed  to  evaporate. 


Volatilization. 


See  Liquepaction- 


LIQUID — Adjectives — Continued. 

Serous.     Watery,  like  serum. 

Soluble.     Capable  of  being  dissolved,  usually  in  water. 
Succulent.     Having  a  juicy  and  soft  pulp. 
Uncongealed.     In  a  liquid  state. 

Liquid — Phrase. 
Blut  und  Eisen  [G.|.     Blood  and  iron 


LIQUID. 


617 


LITIGATION. 


liq'-uid.  An  inelastic  fluid;  one  of  the  four  consonants 
1,  m,  n,  and  r;  mellifluous.  Letter,  Liquid-Gas, 
Loudness-Faintness. 

liq'-ui-date.  To  settle;  to  arrange.  Settlement-De- 
fault. 

liq"-ui-da'-tor.  A  receiver.  Settlement-Default, 
Treasurer. 

li-quid'-i-ty.     Fluidity.     Liquid-Gas. 

liq'-uid-ness.     The  state  of  being  liquid.     Liquid-Gas. 

liq'-uor.  An  alcoholic  or  intoxicating  fluid.  Liquid- 
Gas,  Nutriment-Excretion;  in  liquor,  Teetotal- 
ism-Intemperance;  liquor  up,  Teetotalism-Intem- 

PERANCE. 

liq'-uor-ice.  An  herb  of  the  genus  Glycyrrhiza.  Sweet- 
ness-Acidity. 

liq'-uor-ish.  Tempting  the  appetite;  greedy;  lustful. 
Desire-Distaste,  Desire-Particularness,  Pala- 
tableness-Unpalatableness,  Purity-Impurity. 

li"-ra.     Coin.     Values. 

lis  litem  general  [L.]  (lis  lui'-tem  jen'-er-at).  Strife 
breeds  strife.     Strife-Peace. 

Lis'-bon.  A  light-colored  wine.  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion. 

lisp.  An  imperfect  or  timid  utterance.  Speech-Inar- 
ticulateness. 

lis'-som.     Lithesome.     Hardness-Softness. 

list.  To  enroll;  to  enlist;  to  gratify;  to  choose;  to  lis- 
ten to ;  a  catalogue  or  roll ;  a  border  or  selvage ;  a  nar- 
row strip;  desire;  field  of  contest.  Border,  Choice- 
Neutrality,  Desire -Distaste,  Hearing- Deaf- 
ness, Lamina-Fiber,  Lists,  Parallelism-Inclina- 
tion, Record,  Volition-Obligation;  enter  the 
lists,  Attack-Defense,  Strife-Peace. 

list'-ed.  Sewed  together,  as  strips  of  cloth,  forming  a 
party-colored  appearance.     Variegation. 

lis'-ten.  To  harken.  Hearing-Deafness;  be  lis- 
tened to,  Dominance-Impotence;  listen  to,  Heed- 
Disregard;  listen  to  reason,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

list'-less.  Inattentive;  indifference  to;  inanimate. 
Activity-Indolence,  Desire-Distaste,  Heed-Dis- 
regard. 

lists.  The  barriers  enclosing  a  jousting-field ;  the  field 
itself.     Lists. 

LISTS. 

Aceldama.     The  potter's  field,  purchased  with  the  bribe  which  Judas 

took  for  betraying  his  Master;  a  field  of  bloodshed. 
Amphitheater.     A  circular  building  in  which  the  seats  rise  upward 

and  backward  from  a  center  pit  or  arena. 
Arena.    Any  sandy  plain,  surrounded  by  seats,  for  public  exhibitions. 
Battle-field       |  Afieldofbatt] 
Battle-ground  J 

Bear-garden.     A  place  where  bears  are  kept  for  exhibition. 
Boards.     The  stage  in  a  theater. 
Camp.     The  ground  occupied  by  an  army. 
Campus  Martius.     The  field  of  Mars;  the  assembling  place  of  the 

Roman  legions. 
Champ  de  Mars  [F.].     The  field  of  Mars;  a  large  square  in  Paris, 

used  for  military  exercises. 
Circus.     A  circular  spot  in  which  feats  of  horses  are  exhibited. 
Cockpit.     An  arena  for  cock-fighting. 
Colosseum.     The  amphitheater  of  Vespasian  in  Rome,  the  largest  in 

the  world. 
Corso  [L-B.     A  race-course. 
Course.     An  arena  on  which  horses  are  raced. 
Field.     A  place  where  a  battle  is  fought. 

F^^fslathter.}^-™^^- 
Flavian  amphitheater.     The  Colosseum. 
Gymnasium.     An  arena  for  taking  exercise. 
Hippodrome.     A  place  where  horses  are  raced. 
Hustings.     A  platform  used  in  making  political  speeches. 
Lists.     A  field  enclosed  for  a  race  or  combat. 
Palaestra.     A  place  for  athletic  exercises  of  any  kind. 
Platform.     A  raised  surface  for  the  use  of  speakers. 
Playground.     A  piece  of  ground  used  for  amusements. 
Race-course.     A  place  where  races  are  held. 
Ring.     A  circular  arena  in  which  races  are  conducted. 


Seat  of  war.     Place  of  operations  of  war. 

Scene  of  action.     Place  or  time  of  action. 

Stage.     The  platform  of  a  theater. 

Theater.     An  edifice  for  spectacular  representations. 

Theater   of   war.     A  region  in  which  operations  of  war  are   con 

ducted. 
The  enemy's  camp.     A  battle-field. 

Tilting-ground.l  A  place  where  the  exercise  of  thrusting  with  a  lance 
Tilting-yard.      /      is  practised. 
Turf.     A  race-course. 
Trysting-place.     A  place  of  meeting  according  to  appointment.     See 

Gatheringplace. 
Walk.     A  piece  of  land  laid  off  for  walking. 


lit'-a-ny.  A  liturgical  prayer.  Ceremonial,  Worship- 
Idolatry. 

lite  pendente  [L.]  (lai'-ti  pen-den'-ti) .  During  the  trial. 
Litigation. 

litem,  lite  resolvit  [L.]  (lai'-tem,  lai'-tt  ri-sol'-vit) .  He 
settles  strife  by  strife.  Reprisal-Resistance, 
Strife-Peace. 

litercB  humaniores  [L.]  (lit'-er-i  hiu-me"-ni-o'-riz) .  Po- 
lite literature.     Language. 

liters  scriptce  [L.]  (lit'-er-i  scrip'-ti).  The  written 
word.     Writing-Printing. 

lit'-er-al.  Primitive;  following  the  exact  words;  ex- 
pressed by  letters;  matter-of-fact;  documentary. 
Imitation  -  Originality,  Interpretation  -  Misin- 
terpretation, Letter,  Manifestation-Latency, 
Meaning -Jargon,  Observance -Nonobservance, 
Truth-Error,  Word-Neology;  literal  meaning, 
Meaning-Jargon;  literal  translation,  Interpreta- 
tion-Misinterpretation. 

lit"-er-al'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  literal.  Interpre- 
tation-Misinterpretation. 

lit'-er-al-ly.  Word  by  word.  Imitation-Originality, 
Interpretation-Misinterpretation,  Truth-Er- 
ror. 

literarum,  homo  multarum  [L.]  (lit-er-e'-rum,  ho'-mo 
mul-te'-rum) .  Man  of  much  literary  accomplish- 
ment.    Scholar-Dunce. 

literdrum,  homo  trium  [L.]  (lit-er-e'-rum,  ho'-mo  trai'- 
um).  A  man  of  three  letters;  i.e.,  fur  {L.J,  a  thief. 
Robber. 

lit'-er-a-ry.  Pertaining  to  literature.  Language;  lit- 
erary hack,  Missive-Publication;  literary  man, 
Scholar-Dunce;  literary  power,  Style. 

lit"-er-a'-ti.     Men  of  letters.     Scholar-Dunce. 

lit"-e-ra'-tim.  Literally.  Imitation -Originality, 
Letter,  Manifestation-Latency,  Truth-Error, 
Word-Neology. 

lit'-er-a-ture.  The  written  or  printed  productions  of 
the  human  mind  collectively.  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance, Language,  Nature-Art. 

lith'-a-gogue.  A  medicine  for  expelling  calculi.  Rem- 
edy-Bane. 

lithe.     Supple.     Hardness-Softness. 

lithe'-some.     Somewhat  lithe.     Hardness-Softness. 

lith'-i-um.     An  element.     Chemistry. 

lith'-o-graph.     A  lithographic  print.     Engraving. 

lith-og'-ra-phy.  An  art  used  in  printing.  Engrav- 
ing. 

lith-ol'-c-gy.  The  natural  history  of  stones.  Geology, 
Organization-Inorganization. 

lith'-o-man"-cy.     Divination  by  stones.     Prophecy. 

lith'-o-tint.  The  art  or  process  of  producing  colored 
pictures  from  lithographic  stones.     Engraving. 

lit'-i-gant.  Litigious;  a  party  to  a  lawsuit.  Belliger- 
ent, Judge,  Justification-Charge,  Litigation, 
Variance-Accord. 

lit'-i-gate.  To  bring  into  litigation.  Variance-Ac- 
cord. 

lit"-i-ga'-tion.  A  judicial  contest;  a  contest  that  de- 
pends upon  evidence.  Litigation,  Strife-Peace, 
Union-Disunion,  Variance-Accord. 


LITIGATION. 


618 


LITTLE. 


LITIGATION. 

Action.     Lawful  demand  of  rights  through  judicial  proceedings. 
Case.     Cause  of  action. 
Cause.     An  entire  judicial  proceeding. 
Lawsuit.     An  action  at  law. 
Litigation.     A  judicial  contest. 

Suit.     A  judicial  action  for  the  recovery  of  a  right  or  the  redress  of  a 
wrong. 

Litigation — Nouns  of  Means,  etc. 

Accusation.     The  act  of  accusing.     See  Justification-Charge. 
Affidavit.     A  sworn  voluntary  declaration  in  writing. 
Answer.     A  denial  of  a  charge. 
Appeal.     The  carrying  of  a  cause  to  a  higher  court. 
Apprehension.     Legal  arrest. 

Arraignment.     Presenting  in  court  on  a  criminal  charge. 
Arrest.     Seizure  by  legal  authority. 
Bill.     A  paper  filed  in  court. 

Certiorari  [L.J.     To  be  certified;  a  writ  from  a  superior  court  to  a 
lower  one  requiring  a  certified  record  of  its  proceedings  in  a  given 
case. 
Citation.     A  legal  summons  to  appear  in  court. 
Claim.     The  assertion  of  a  right. 
Cojuror.     One  who  confirms  another's  testimony. 
Committal.     The  state  of  being  committed. 
Corespondent.     One  of  several  defendants. 
Decision.     A  judgment.     See  Decision. 
Declaration.     A  paper  filed  by  a  plaintiff. 
Demurrer.     An  issue  on  a  point  of  law. 
Dispute.     A  discussion  over  a  point  of  law. 
Hearing.     A  judicial  investigation. 
Impeachment.     The  act  of  accusing  for  crime. 

Imprisonment.     Confinement  in  prison.     See  Release-Restraint. 
Indictment.     A  formal  written  accusation. 
Information.     An  accusation  in  the  nature  of  an  indictment. 
Latitat  [L.].     He  lies  hid;  a  summons  with  supposition  that  the  de- 
fendant lies  hid. 
Litigant.     One  engaged  in  a  suit. 
Motion.     An  application  to  a  court  for  an  order  directing  some  act  to 

be  done. 
Plea.     An  allegation  of  either  party  in  a  suit. 
Pleadings.     Pleas  taken  collectively. 

Precedent.     A  decision  taken  as  a  rule  for  subsequent  decisions. 
Presentment.     A  grand  jury's  report  to  the  court. 
Prosecution.     The  act  of  prosecuting.     See  Verbs. 
Rebutter.     A  defendant's  answer  to  the  plaintiff's  reply  to  a  previous 

rejoinder. 
Rejoinder.     The  answer  filed  by  a  defendant  to  a  plaintiff's  replica- 
tion. 
Replication.     A  plaintiff 's  reply  to  a  defendant's  answer. 
Reports.     A  published  narration  of  judicial  decisions. 
Reseizer.     One  who  takes  into  custody  goods  or  lands  unlawfully 

taken  possession  of. 
Subpoena.     A  writ  commanding  one's  appearance  in  court. 
Suitor.     A  party  to  a  suit. 
Summons.     See  Subpcena. 

Surrebutter.     A  plaintiff 's  reply  to  a  defendant's  rebutter. 
Surrejoinder.     A  plaintiff's  reply  to  a  defendant's  rejoinder. 
Talesman.     A  person  summoned  to  make  up  a  jury  when  the  regular 

panel  is  deficient. 
Trial.     A  judicial  examination  and  determination  of  a  suit. 
True  bill.     A  bill  indorsed  by  a  grand  jury. 
Venire.     A  writ  issued  to  a  sheriff  for  summoning  a  jury. 
Verdict.     The  decision  of  a  jury. 

Writ.     A  mandatory  precept  of  a  court,  under  seal,  commanding  one 
to  do  or  not  to  do  a  particular  act.     See  Decision. 

Litigation — Verbs. 

Accuse.     Charge  with  crime,  etc.     See  Justification-Charge. 

Adjudicate.     Determine  judicially.     See  Decision. 

Appeal  to  the  law.     Appeal  to  the  court. 

Apprehend.     Take  into  legal  custody. 

Arraign.     Cause  to  come  before  the  court  for  trial. 

Arrest.     To  take  into  legal  custody. 

Attach.     Take  and  hold  in  the  name  of  the  law. 

Bring  an  action  against.     Institute  legal  proceedings  against. 

Bring  to  justice.)  _  ,M  ,  ... 

Bring  to  trial.      J        compel  to  answer  charges  in  a  suit  at  law. 

Cite.     Command  to  appear  in  court. 

Close  the  pleadings.     Bring  pleadings  to  an  end. 

Commit.     Place  in  custody. 

Distrain.     Hold  as  security. 

Empanel  a  jury.     Enroll  on  a  list  for  jury  duty. 

File  a  claim.     Deposit  in  court  a  written  claim. 


Give  in  charge,  etc.     Hand  over  for  custody.     See  Release-Re- 
straint. 
Go  to  law.     To  bring  suit  in  court. 
Hear  a  cause.     Try  a  case  in  court. 
Impeach.     Charge  with  wrong-doing  in  office. 
Implead.     Proceed  against  one  legally. 
Indict.     Prefer  a  criminal  charge. 
Inform  against.     Give  knowledge  of  facts  against. 
Join  issue.     Take  opposite  sides. 

Prefer  a  claim .     Lay  a  claim  before  a  court  in  a  formal  manner. 
Prosecute.     Conduct  legal  proceedings  on  a  criminal  charge. 
Pull  up.     To  arrest. 

Put  on  trial.     To  compel  to  answer  charges  in  a  court. 
Serve  with  a  writ.     Deliver  a  writ  to  a  designated  person. 
Set  down  for  a  hearing.     Place  in  order  for  trial. 
Sit  in  judgment.     Exercise  judicial  authority. 
Sue.     To  proceed  legally  to  recover  a  right  or  redress  a  wrong 
Summon.  1  „ 
Summons. /        not"y  or  command  to  appear  in  court. 

Try.     Makeajudicialinvestigation. 

Litigation — Adjectives. 

Coram  judice  [L.].     Before  the  judge;  still  under  consideration. 

Litigious,  etc.     Given  to  litigation.     See  Favorite-Quarrelsome- 
ness. 

Qui  tarn  [L.].     Who  so;  a  term  applied  to  an  action  for  a  penalty 
given  by  statute  to  the  person  who  sues  for  it. 

Sub  judice  [L.J.     Before  the  judge. 

Litigation — Adverb 

Pendente  lite  [L.J.     Suit  pending;  while  suit  is  in  progress. 
Litigatio  v — Phrases. 

Accedas  ad  curiam  [L.J.     You  may  go  to  the  court. 

Accusare  nemo  se  debet  [L.J.     No  one  is  bound  to  accuse  himself . 

Ad  hue  sub  judice  [L.J.     The  dispute  is  still  before  the  judge;  the 
case  is  not  yet  decided. 

Bill  of  rights.     A  declaration  of  the  rights  of  individuals  in  both  their 
absolute  and  related  conditions. 

Corpus  delicti  [L.J.  The  body  of  crime;  the  fundamental  fact 
necessary  for  conviction. 

Decided  case.     A  trial  brought  to  a  decision. 

Nisiprius  [L.J.  Unless  sooner;  a  term  suggesting  the  trial  of  civil 
causes  before  a  judge  and  jury. 

Party  to  a  suit.     One  engaged  in  litigation. 

Proces  verbal  [F.J.  Verbal  process;  in  French  law,  a  written  state- 
ment in  detail  of  an  official  act. 

Reoabsente  [L.J.     In  the  absence  of  the  defendant. 

State  of  facts.     A  mutual  statement  of  facts  by  the  parties  to  a  suit. 

Take  the  law  of.     Bring  action  against. 

Transeat  in  exemplum  [L.J.     Let  it  pass  into  precedent. 

Writ  of  error.  A  judicial  writ  by  which  an  appellate  court  may 
review  the  proceedings  of  an  inferior  court  on  matters  of  law. 

li-tig'-ious.  Inclined  to  litigation;  quarrelsome.  Liti- 
gation, Variance-Accord. 

lit'-ter.  To  scatter  things  carelessly ;  a  number  of  young 
at  a  birth;  waste  materials;  a  stretcher;  a  couch. 
Conveyance-Vessel,  Multiplicity-Fewness,  Or- 
ganization -  Disorganization,  Parentage  -  Prog- 
eny, Regularity-Irregularity,  Suspension-Sup- 
port, Usefulness-Uselessness. 

littera  scripta  manet  [L.]  (lit'-ter-a  scrip'-ta  me'-net). 
The  written  word  remains.  Mutability-Stability, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulnf.ss. 

littiratre,  la  morgue  [F.]  (li-tg-reV,  la  morg).  A  lofty 
literary  style.     Style. 

lit"-ter-a-teur'.  A  literary  man.  Missive-Publica- 
tion, Scholar-Dunce. 

lit'-tle.  Not  large;  not  much;  restricted;  narrow;  mean. 
Greatness-Littleness,  Length-Shortness,  Love- 
Hate,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty; cost  little,  Costliness-Cheapness;  do 
little,  Activity-Indolence  ;  little  by  little,  Quantity- 
Measure,  Swiftness-Slowness;  little  did  one  think, 
Expectation-Surprise  ;  little  one,  Infant- Veteran, 
little  red  school-house,  City-Country;  make  little  of, 
Overvaluation  -  Undervaluation;  signify  little, 
Consequence-Insignificance;  think  little  of,  Heed- 
Disregard;  to  little  purpose,  Success-Failure,  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness 


LITTLENESS 


619 


LOAN— BORROWING. 


lif-tle-ness.      The    state     of     being    little.      Great- 

NBSS-LlTTLENESS,  LENGTH-SHORTNESS,  MaGNITUDE- 

Smallness. 

lit'-to-ral.  Pertaining  to  or  living  on  the  shore.  Ocean- 
Land. 

lit'-ur-gy.     Ritual.     Ceremonial. 

live.  To  have  the  vital  principle;  to  pass  life;  to  abide; 
alive;  energetic.  Entity-Non entity,  Life-Death, 
Mutation-Permanence,  Reputation-Discredit; 
live  and  let  live,  Action-Passiveness,  Excit^bility- 
Inexcitability,  Liberty-Subjection;  live  by  one's 
wits,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Strife-Peace,  Theft, 
Truthfulness-Fraud;  live  from  hand  to  mouth, 
Affluence  -  Penury,  Preparation  -  Nonprepara- 
tion;  live  hard,  Moderation-Selfindulgence;  live 
in  hope,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  live  in  the 
memory,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  live  on, 
Nutriment-Excretion;  live  to  fight  again,  Lasting- 
ness-Transientness;  live  upon  nothing,  Extrava- 
gance-Avarice. 

live'-li-hood.  Means  of  subsistence.  Affluence- 
Penury. 

live'-li-ness.  Full  of  spirit.  Activity-Indolence, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

live'-long".     Entire.     Lastingness-Transientness. 

live'-ly.  Spirited;  vigorous;  intensely  active  in  mind; 
keen;  vivid;  bright;  briskly.  Activity-Indolence, 
Emotion,  Force-Weakness,  Life-Death,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection, Sensibility-Insensibil- 
ity, Sensitiveness-Apathy;  lively  imagination, 
Fancy;  lively  pace,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

UV-er.  One  who  lives;  an  organ  of  the  body.  Hard 
liver,  Moderation-Voluptuary;  white  liver,  Bra- 
very-Cowardice. 

liv'-er-col"-ored.     Reddish-brown.     Gray-Brown. 

liv'-er-y.  A  peculiar  uniform  worn  by  servants;  a  dis- 
tinctive dress.  Color-Achromatism,  Dress-Un- 
dress, Sign,  Title;  livery  servant,  Chief-Under- 
ling. 

liv'-er-y-man.    A  London  voter.    Liberty-Subjection. 


liv'-er-y-sta"-ble.  A  stable  where  horses  are  boarded 
or  hired.     Dweller-Habitation. 

liv'-id.  Black-and-blue;  lead-colored.  Gray-Brown, 
Whiteness-Blackness,  Yellowness-Purple. 

li-vid'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  livid.  Melody-Dis- 
sonance, Yellowness-Purple. 

uV-id-ness.     Livid  color.     Yellownegs-Purple. 

UV-ing.  Live;  livelihood;  a  benefice.  Church,  Life- 
Death,  Occupation;  good  living,  Fasting-Glut- 
tony; living  beings,  Organization-Disorganiza- 
tion; living  soul,  Humanity;  living  thing,  Fauna- 
Flora. 

li"-vrai"-son'.    A  fascicle.     Missive-Publication. 

lix-ivM-ate.    To  leach.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

lix-iv"-i-a'-tion.  Leaching.  Liquefaction-Volatil- 
*  ization. 

lix-iv'-i-um.  A  solution  of  alkaline  salts.  Liquefac- 
tion-Volatilization. 

lla'-ma.    A  South-American  ruminant.    Conveyer. 

lla'-no.    A  flat,  treeless  plain.    Gulf-Plain. 

lo.  Behold.  Astonishment-Expectance,  Heed-Dis- 
regard. 

load.  To  lade;  to  encumber;  to  make  heavy;  a  burden; 
a  customary  weight ;  a  grievous  mental  burden.  Con- 
tents-Receiver, Entirety-Deficiency,  Estab- 
lishment-Removal, Excess-Lack,  Heaviness- 
Lightness,  Ma"jnitude-Smallness,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Pleasure- 
Pain,  Store, Welfare-Misfortune;  load  the  mem- 
ory, Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  load  with,  Ob- 
struction-Help; load  with  reproaches,  Approval- 
Disapproval;  prime  and  load,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation;  take  off  a  load  of  care,  Alleviation- 
Aggravation. 

loaf.  To  lounge;  a  shaped  mass  of  bread  or  cake. 
Activity-Indolence,  Greatness-Littlenhss. 

loaf'-er.  An  idle  man;  a  vagrant.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

loam.     A  sort  of  earth.     Ocean-Land. 

loan.     Something  lent.     Loan-Borrowing. 


LOAN— BORROWING. 


Accommodation.     The  act  of  furnishing  with  something  needed  or 

desired. 
Advance.     The  act  of  furnishing  beforehand  or  on  credit. 
Feneration.     The  act  of  lending  money  on  interest. 
Investment.     The  lending  or  laying  out  of  money  where  it  is  secure 

and  yields  profit.       N 
Lending,  etc.     The  act  of  loaning.     See  Verbs. 
Loan.     Something  furnished  to  another  on  condition  that  it  will  be 

returned  itself  in  an  equivalent  of  its  kind. 
Mortgage,  etc.     A  conveyance  of  property,  on  condition,  as  security 

for  a  debt,  to  become  void  on  payment  of  the  debt.     See  Security. 

Loan — Nouns  of  Agent,  etc. 

Lender.     One  who  lends. 

Honey-lender.     One  whose  business  is  to  lend  money  at  interest. 

Mont  de  piite"  [P.  J.     A  pawnshop. 

My  uncle's.     A  pawnbroker's. 

Pawnbroker.     One  engaged  in  the  business  of  lending  money  on 

interest,  on  the  security  of  personal  property  pledged  in  pawn. 
Pawnshop.     The  place  of  business  of  a  pawnbroker. 
Usurer.     One  who  loans  money  at  an  exorbitant  or  illegal  rate. 

Loan — Verbs. 
Accommodate.     To  furnish  with  something  needed  or  desired. 
Advance.     To  furnish  on  credit  or  beforehand. 
Demise.     To  grant  or  bestow  by  will;  give. 
Entrust.     To  give  to  another  with  confidence  in  his  fidelity. 
Invest.     To  place  money  so  that  it  will  be  safe  and  yield  profit 
Lease.     To  grant  the  temporary  possession  of  lands  or  the  like  for 

rent 
Lend.     Tc.  give  to  another  upon  condition  of  receiving  the  same 

again  or  its  equivalent. 
Lend  or.  security.     To  lend  on  the  assurance  that  it  will  be  paid. 
Let.     To  put  to  hire  or  rent. 
Pawn,  ftc.     To  give  as  a  pledge  or  security  that  borrowed  money 

will  be  repaid.     See  Security. 


Borrowed  plumes.     A  dressing  out  in  something  not  one's  own. 
Borrowing.     The  act  of  receiving  from  another  on  trust,  with  a 

promise  of  returning  or  giving  something  of  equal  value. 
Plagiarism,  etc.     To  take  from  the  works  of  another  and  give  out 

as  one's  own.     See  Theft. 
Pledging.     To  engage  for  by  promise. 
Replevin.     A  personal  action  to  recover  possession  of  goods  wrong. 

fully  held  or  detained. 

Borrowing — Verbs. 

Borrow.  To  receive  something  of  another  on  trust  with  the  inten- 
tion of  paying  him  back. 

Borrow  of  Peter  to  pay  Paul.  To  borrow  of  one  person  to  pay  what 
one  owes  another. 

Desume.     To  borrow. 

Farm.     To  lease  or  let  for  an  equivalent. 

Fly  a  kite.  To  raise  money  or  sustain  one's  credit  by  means  of 
mercantile  papers  whose  value  is  fictitious. 

Eire.     To  procure  for  temporary  use  by  paying  for  this  use. 

Hire  by  the  hour.i 

Hire  by  the  mile.  >To  borrow  for  a  certain  time. 

Hire  by  the  year.  J 

Raise  money.     To  procure  or  manage  to  get  money. 

Raise  the  wind.     To  procure  ready  money. 

Rent.     To  procure  by  paying  for  the  temporary  possession  of. 

Replevy.     To  get  back  property  which  has  been  wrongfully  detained. 

Run  into  debt,  etc.     To  enter  into  debt.     See  Credit-Debt. 

Take  a  demise.  To  take  the  transfer  or  conveyance  of  an  estate  in 
fee  for  life  or  a  number  of  years. 

Take  a  lease.     To  take  a  contract  for  a  letting. 

Take  by  the  hour.-i 

Take  by  the  mile.  >To  borrow  for  a  fixed  time. 

Take  by  the  year.  ) 

Take  up  money.     To  borrow  money. 

Borrowinc — Phrase. 
Borgen  macht  Scrgen  [G.  ].     Borrowing  makes  sorrow. 


LOAN.  620  LOGICIAN. 

LOAN— Verbs— Continued. 

Place  out  to  interest.)  «.    .  ■        ..     ■—.«■..  Sett.     To  let.  as  houses  or  lands. 

Pui  out  to  interest,   i  To  »"*  ""V  where  rt  mU  y*1'1  *ntertst-  Underlet.     To  lease  at  second  hand. 

Loan — Adjectives. 

Lending:,  etc.     Giving  as  a  loan.     See  Verbs.  Unborrowed,  etc.     Not  borrowed.     See  Loan-Borrowing. 

Lent,  etc.     Given  as  or  pertaining  to  a  loan.     See  Verbs. 

Loan — Adverbs. 


tn  advance.     Beforehand;  on  credit. 


On  loan.       \  T  . 

On  security./  Lo!lned- 


loathe.  To  abhor;  to  abominate.  Desire-Distaste, 
Love-Hate,  Palatableness-Unpalatableness. 

loath'-ful.    Hating.     Pleasurableness-Painfulnes*. 

loath'-iag.  Aversion;  disgust.  Desire-Distaste,  En- 
tertainment-Weariness, Love-Hate. 

loath'-some.  Producing  loathing;  detestable.  De- 
sire-Distaste, Palatableness-Unpalatableness, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

loaves.  Plural  of  loaf.  Loaves  and  fishes,  Affluence- 
Penury,  Gain-Loss,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

lob.  A  beggar  ;  in  lobspound,  held  playfully  between 
the  legs  or  feet.     Release-Restraint. 

lob'-by.  A  hall,  vestibule,  or  corridor.  Contents- 
Receiver,  Way. 

lob'-by-ist.  One  who  tries  to  influence  legislators  so  as 
to  procure  certain  pet  laws  or  enactments.  Manager. 

lobe.    A  projecting  part.    Anatomy,  Whole-Part. 

lob'-ule.     A  small  lobe.     Whole-Part. 

lo'-cal.  Pertaining  to  place.  Extension-District, 
Position;  local  habitation,  Dweller-Habitation, 
Establishment-Removal. 

lo-cal'-i-ty.  A  definite  spot.  Extension-Place,  Posi- 
tion. 

lo"-cal-i-za'-tion.  Act  of  localizing.  Estabi.'shment- 
Removal. 

lo'-cal-ize.  To  assign  a  definite  place  to.  Establish- 
ment-Removal. 

lo'-cate.     To  settle.     Establishment-Removal. 

lo-ca'-tion.  Place;  the  act  of  placing.  Establish- 
ment-Removal. 

loch.     A  lake.     Gulf-Plain. 

Loch-a-ber  ax.    A  kind  of  Scotch  battle-ax.    Weapon. 

loci,  genus  [L.]  (lo'-sai,  ji'-nus).  Guardian  deity  of  a 
place.     Security-Insecurity. 

lock.  A  device  for  fastening  a  door,  etc. ;  the  barrier 
which  confines  water  in  a  canal;  a  lockup;  a  tress;  to 
join  immovably.  Connective,  Movement-Rest, 
Obstruction-Help,  Release-Prison,  Smoothness- 
Roughness,  Union-Disunion,  Watercourse-Air- 
pipe;  dead  lock,  Movement-Rest;  in  the  lockup, 
Justification-Charge;  lock  hospital,  Remedy- 
Bane;  lock  out,  Reprisal-Resistance;  lock  the 
stable  door,  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness, 
Skill-Unskilfulness,  Usefulness-Uselessness; 
lock  up,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Release-Re- 
straint; under  lock  and  key,  Keeper-Prisoner, 
Release-Restraint,  Security-Insecurity. 

lock'-er.  A  receptacle  that  may  be  locked.  Contents- 
Receiver. 

lock'-et.  A  small  ornamental  case.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement. 

lock'-jaw".  Contraction  of  the  jaw-muscles,  stopping 
mastication:     Health-Sickness. 

lock'-smith".     A  lock-maker  or  repairer.    Agent. 

lock'-up.     A  prison.     Release-Guard. 

lock'- weir".  The  weir  of  a  lock.  Watercourse-Air- 
pipe. 

loco,  in  [L.]  (lo'-co,  in).  In  its  place.  Harmony-Dis- 
cord, Position,  Propriety-Impropriety. 

lo"-co-fo'-co.  A  friction  match;  an  old  section  of  the 
Democratic  party.    Association,  Combustible. 


lo"-co-mo'-tioii.  Movement  from  place  to  place.  Move- 
ment-Rest. 

lo"-co-mo'-tive.  Having  power  to  move;  a  self-pro- 
pelling steam-engine.  Conveyer,  Traveling-Navi- 
gation. 

locos  y  ninos  dicen  la  verdad  [Sp.]  (lo'-cos  i  nin-yos' 
dith-en'  la  ver-dad').  Children  and  fools  speak  the 
truth.  Mind-Imbecility,  Sage-Fool,  Truth-Error. 

loc'-u-lar.  Having  loculi  or  cells.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

locum  tenens  [L.]  (lo'-cum  ti'-nenz).  Holding  the 
place;  a  substitute;  a  representative.  Commutation- 
Permutation,  Dweller-Habitation,  Representa- 
tive. 

locus  peniteniics  [L.]  (lo'-cus  pen-i-ten'-shi-i) .  Place 
for,  chance  of,  repentance.  Justification-Charge, 
Pardon-Revenge,  Repentance-Obduracy. 

locus  standi  [L.]  (lo'-cus  stan'-dai).  Standing-place. 
Pretext,  Reputation-Discredit,  Suspension-Sup- 
port. 

lo'-cust.  Figuratively,  a  prodigal ;  an  evil-doer.  Bene- 
factor-Evildoer, Extravagance-Avarice;  swarm 
like  locusts,  Multiplicity-Paucity. 

lo-cu'-tion.    Phraseology.    Speech-Inarticulateness. 

lode'.    A  metal-bearing  vein.    Store. 

lode'-star.  A  guiding  star.  Attraction-Repulsion, 
Management,  Sign. 

lode'-stone.  Magnetic  iron  ore;  any  attraction.  Attrac- 
tion-Repulsion, Electricity,  Motive-Caprice. 

lodge.  A  rude  hut;  local  subdivision  of  a  society;  to 
entertain;  to  harbor.  Dwei  ler-Habitation,  Estab- 
lishment-Removal, Presence-Absence;  lodge  a 
complaint,  Justification-Charge. 

lode'-er.  One  who  lodges  or  lives  in  lodgings.  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Holder. 

lodg'-ing.  Place  of  temporary  abode.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Dweller-Habitation. 

lodg'-ment.  State  of  being  lodged.  Establishment- 
Removal. 

loess.     Deposit  of  loam.     Geology. 

loft.  An  attic ;  any  upper  floor.  Contents-Receiver, 
Top-Bottom. 

loft'-i-ness.  State  of  being  lofty.  Force-Weakness, 
Height-Lowness. 

loft'-y.  Very  high;  sublime;  dignified;  haughty. 
Force- Weakness,  HeiGht-Lowness,  Presumption- 
Servility,  Selfrespect-Humbleness,  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness 

log.     A  piece  of  timber;  a  record-book;  a  device  for 
showing  the  speed  of  a  vessel.    Combustible,  Mark 
Obliteration,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

log'-a-rithm.     A  mathematical  quantity.     Number. 

log'-ger-head".  A  blockhead.  Sage-Fool;  at  logger- 
heads, Strife-Peace,  Variance-Accord. 

log'-gia.     Gallery.     Architecture. 

log'-ic.  The  science  of  correct  thinking.  Nature-Art 
Ratiocination-Casuistry. 

log'-ic-al.  Characterized  by  clear  reasoning.  Rati- 
ocination-Instinct. 

lo-gi'-cian.  An  expert  reasoner.  Ratiocination 
Casuistry. 


LOG-LINE. 


621 


LOOKING-GLASS. 


log'-line".  A  line  measured  in  equal  parts  used  in 
paying  out  a  log.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

log-og'-ra-phy.  The  art  of  reporting  speeches  in  long 
hand.     Writing-Printing. 

log'-c-griph.    A  word-riddle.    Tidings-Mystery. 

log-om'-a-chy.  A  strife  about  words;  a  wordy  contest; 
a  game  of  word-matching.  Conversation-Mono- 
logue, Ratiocination-Casuistry,  Strife-Peace. 

log-om'-e-ter.     A  logarithmic  scale.    Numbering. 

log"-c-met'-ric.    Referring  to  a  logometer.    Number. 

Log'-os.     The  divine  creative  Word.     Divinity. 

log'  -roll"-er.    One  who  rolls  logs.    Manager. 

log'-roU"-ing.  A  political  combination.  Antagonism- 
Concurrence. 

log'-wood".  A  Central- American  tree  used  in  making 
dye.     Color-Achromatism. 

loin.  A  part  of  the  body.  Anteriority-Posteri- 
ority; gird  up  one's  loins,  Preparation-Nonprep- 
aration,  Strength- Weakness. 

loisir,  impromptu  fait  a  [F.]  (lwa-zir',  an'-pronp-tii' 
fet  a).  A  premeditated  impromptu.  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation. 

loi'-ter.  To  consume  idly;  to  delay;  to  linger.  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Earliness-Lateness,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness. 

Lo'-ki.     An  evil  giant  god.     Jove-Fiend. 

loll.  To  waste  in  idleness;  to  recline  languidly.  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Erectness-Flatness,  Suspen- 
sion-Support. 

lol'-ly-pop.     Bonbons.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

Lom'-bard  Street.  A  street  in  London,  the  business 
place  of  bankers  and  brokers.  Labor-Capital;  Lom- 
bard Street  to  a  china  orange,  Likelihood-Unlikeli- 
hood. 

lone.     Solitary.     Solitude-Company. 

lone'-li-ness.  The  state  of  being  lonely.  Sociability- 
Privacy. 

lone'-ly.  Alone;  sequestered  from  company.  Socia- 
bility-Privacy, Solitude-Company. 

lone'-some.  Solitary  and  depressed.  Sociability- 
Privacy. 

long.  Extended;  lasting;  diffuse;  dealer  in  stocks. 
Labor  -  Capital,  Lastingness  -  Transientness, 
Length-Shortness,  Terseness-Prolixity;  draw 
the  long  bow,  Gull-Hyperbole;  go  to  one's  long 
account,  Life-Death;  long  ago,  Future-Past;  long 
and  the  short,  Terseness-Prolixity,  Whole-Part; 
long  boat,  Conveyance-Vessel;  long  clothes,  In- 
fant-Veteran; long  distance  telephone,  Electric- 
ity; long  drawn  out,  Terseness-Prolixity;  long 
duration,  Lastingness-Transientness;  long  ex- 
pected, Expectation-Surprise;  long  face,  Content- 
edness-Discontentment,  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection;  long  for,  Desire-Distaste;  long-headed, 
Sagacity-Incapacity;  long  life  to,  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Reputation-Discredit;  long-lived,  Last- 
ingness-Transientness; long  odds,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Likelihood-Unlikelihood,  Rationale- 
Luck;  long  pending,  Lastingness-Transientness; 
long  pull  and  strong  pull,  Push -Pull;  long  range, 
Remoteness-Nearness;  long  run,  Medium,  Terse- 
ness-Prolixity, Whole-Part;  long  sea,  River- 
Wind;  long-sighted,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity, Sight-Dimsightedness;  long 
since,  Future-Past;  long  spun,  Terseness-Pro- 
lixity; long  standing,  Lastingness-Transientness, 
Novelty-Antiquity;  long  suffering,  Compassion- 
Ruthlessness,  Excitability-Inexcitability;  long 
time,  Lastingness-Transientness;  long-winded, 
Lastingness-Transientness,  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity, Terseness-Prolixity;  make  a  long  arm, 
Taking-Restitution,  Toil- Relaxation;  take  a 
long  breath,  Alleviation-Aggravation,  Weari- 
ness-Refreshment. 


lon"-ga-nim'-i-ty.  Endurance.  Excitability-Inex- 
citability, Pardon-Revenge. 

ionge  absit  [L.]  (lon'-ji  ab'-sit).  Far  be  it.  Petition- 
Expostulation,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

lon-ge'-val.  Long-lived.  Lastingness-Transient- 
ness. 

lon-gev'-i-ty.  Tendency  to  live  long.  Infancy-Age, 
Lastingness-Transientness. 

long'-head".     A  wise  man.     Sage-Fool. 

long'-ing.  Craving.  Desire-Distaste;  longing  linger- 
ing look  behind,  Contentedness-Regret. 

lon-gin'-qui-ty.  Greatness  of  extent.  Remoteness- 
Nearness. 

lon'-gi-tude.  Length;  distance  east  or  west  of  a  stand- 
ard meridian.  Length-Shortness,  Mensuration, 
Position. 

lon"-gi-tu'-di-nal.  Consisting  in  length.  Length- 
Shortness. 

lon"-gi-tu'-di-nal-ly.  Lengthwise.  Length-Short- 
ness. 

long  me'-ter.     Kind  of  stanza.     Rhetoric. 

longo  intervallo  [LJ  (lon'-go  in-ter-val'-lo) .  With  a 
long  interval.  Continuity-Interruption,  Inter- 
space-Contact, Lastingness-Transientness,  Re- 
moteness-Nearness, Variation. 

long'-shore"-man.  A  stevedore;  a  waterman.  Gen- 
tility-Commonalty, Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

long'-some.  Extended  in  length.  Length-Shortness, 
Terseness-Prolixity. 

long'-suf'-fer-ance.  Patience.  Excitability-Inex- 
citability. 

loo.  A  game  of  cards.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

loo'-by.  A  lubber;  a  bungler.  Adept-Bungler,  Gen- 
tility-Commonalty, Sage-Fool. 

look.  To  direct  the  gaze;  to  consider;  to  seem;  to 
watch;  a  glance.  Appearance-Disappearance, 
Heed-Disregard,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Sight- 
Blindness;  look  about,  Carefulness-Neglect, 
Investigation-Answer;  look  after,  Carefulness- 
Neglect,  Heed-Disregard,  Management;  look 
ahead,  Prevision;  look  another  way,  Sight-Blind- 
ness; look  back,  Future-Past,  Remembrance- 
Forgetfulness;  look  before  one  leaps,  Reckless- 
ness-Caution; look  beyond,  Prevision  ;  look  black, 
Approval-Disapproval,  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment,  Emotion,  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion;  look  blue,  Approval-Disapproval,  Content- 
edness-Discontentment,  Emotion,  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection;  look  down  upon,  Regard- 
Scorn;  look  foolish,  Reputation-Discredit;  look 
for,  Expectation-Surprise,  Investigation-An- 
swer; look  forward  to,  Expectation-Surprise, 
Future-Past,  Prevision;  look  here,  Heed-Dis- 
regard; look  in  the  face,  Bravery-Cowardice. 
Craft  -  Artlessness,  Selfrespect  -  Humbleness  ; 
look  into,  Heed-Disregard,  Investigation-An- 
swer; look  like,  Appearance-Disappearance. 
Likeness-Unlikeness;  look  on,  Onlooker,  Pres- 
ence-Absence, Sight-Blindness;  look  out,  Ap- 
pearance -  Disappearance,  Carefulness  -  Care- 
lessness, Expectation-Surprise,  Investigation- 
Answer,  Occupation,  Purpose-Luck;  look  over, 
Heed-Disregard,  Investigation-Answer;  look 
round,  Investigation-Answer;  look  sharp,  Activ- 
ity-Indolence; look  through,  Investigation-An- 
swer; look  to,  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Duty- 
Dereliction;  look  up,  Costliness-Cheapness, 
Sanguineness  -  Hopelessness,  Sociability-Pri- 
vacy, Welfare-Misfortune;  look  upon  as,  Faith- 
Misgiving;  look  up  to,  Approval-Disapproval, 
Regard-Disrespect,  Reputation-Discredit. 

look'-er-on".     A  spectator.     Onlooker. 
look'-ing-glass".    A  mirror.     Optical  Instruments. 


LOOM. 


622 


LOST. 


loom.     To  shine;  to  appear  gradually  into  a  prominent 

•  position;   a  weaving  machine;   a  coming  dimly  into 

view.         Dimness,    Occurrence-Destiny,    Sight- 

DlMSIGHTEDNESS,  VlSIBILITY-lNVISIBILITY,  WORK- 
SHOP; loom  of  the  land,  Ocean-Land. 

loom'-ing.  The  indistinct  appearance  of  objects  seen 
in  certain  states  of  atmosphere.  Dimness,  Sight- 
Dimsightedness. 

loon.  A  dull,  stupid  person;  a  rogue.  Gentility- 
Commonalty,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Sage-Fool. 

loop.  A  noose;  a  curve  of  any  kind;  crook.  Circle- 
Winding,  Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Midcourse- 

ClRCUIT. 

loop'-hole".  A  narrow  aperture  used  for  observation, 
light,  and  firing  small  arms  through;  any  opening 
that  may  be  used  as  a  means  of  escape.  Aperture- 
Closure,  Attack-Defense,  Design,  Escape,  Pre- 
text, Sight-Blindness. 

loose.  To  free  from;  to  disengage;  to  dismiss;  to 
relax;  unbound;  slovenly;  wanton;  indefinite;  un- 
connected. Aim-Aberration,  Clearness-Ob- 
scurity, Cohesion-Looseness,  Force-Weakness, 
Liberty-Subjection,  Purity-Impurity,  Ratioci- 
nation-Casuistry, Rule-License,  Suspension- 
Support,  Union-Disunion;  at  a  loose  end,  Hurry- 
Leisure;  give  a  loose  to,  Fancy,  Leave-Pro- 
hibition, Liberty-Subjection,  Moderation-Self- 
indulgence,  Rule-License;  leave  a  loose  thread, 
Carefulness-Neglect;  let  loose,  Release-Re- 
straint; loose  character,  Purity-Impurity;  loose 
fish,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Purity-Rake;  loose 
rein,  Rule-License;  loose  sentence,  Rhetoric; 
loose  suggestion,  Hypothesis;  loose  thread,  Truth- 
Error;  on  the  loose,  Purity-Impurity;  screw 
loose,  Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Saneness- 
Lunacy,  Variance-Accord;  take  up  a  loose  thread, 
Security-Insecurity. 

loos'-en.  To  make  loose;  to  become  loose.  Cohe- 
sion-Looseness, Release-Restraint. 

loose'-ness.  The  state  of  being  loose.  Cohesion- 
Looseness,  Rule-License. 

loos'-en-ing.  Making  loose.  Cohesion-Looseness, 
Rule-License. 

loot.     To  pillage;  plunder.     Plunder,  Theft. 

lop.  To  shorten.  Length-Shortness;  lop  and  top, 
Domestication-Agriculture. 

lopped.     Cut  off.     Entirety-Deficiency. 

lop'-sid"-ed.  Heavier  on  one  side.  Equality-In- 
equality. 

lo-qua'-cious.  Given  to  continual  talking.  Talka- 
tiveness-Taciturnity. 

lo-qua'-cious-ness.  Talkativeness.  Talkativeness- 
Taciturnity. 

lo-quac'-i-ty.  Talkativeness.  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity. 

loquendi,  cacoethes  [L.]  (lo-quen'-dai,  cac"-o-i'-thiz) . 
A  passion  for  talking.  Talkativeness-Tacitur- 
nity. 

loquendi,  jus  et  norma  [L.]  (lo-quen'-dai,  jus  et 
nor'-ma).  Law  and  rule  of  speech.  Grammar- 
Solecism. 

loquendi  usus  [L.]  (lo-quen'-dai  yu'-sus).  Usage  in 
speaking.     Speech-Inarticulateness. 

lor'-cha.  A  vessel  rigged  like  a  Chinese  junk.  Con- 
veyance-Vessel. 

lord.  A  ruler;  a  nobleman;  to  rule.  Chief-Under- 
ling, Gentility-Commonalty,  Tyranny- Anarchy; 
lord  chancellor,  Judge;  lord  it  over,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness,  Rule-License,  Tyranny-Anar- 
chy; lord  justices,  Judge,  Tribunal;  lord  lieu- 
tenant, Judicature;  lord  of  the  creation,  Human- 
ity; lord  of  the  manor,  Holder. 

Lord.  Jehovah;  Jesus  Christ.  Divinity;  Lord  of 
lords,    Divinity;    Lord's    Day,    Toil-Relaxation; 


Lord's  Prayer,  Worship-Idolatry;  Lord's  Supper, 
Ceremonial;  Lord's  Table,  Fane;  O  Lord,  Wor- 
ship-Idolatry; the  Lord  knows,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance. 

lord'-ling.     A  little  lord.     Gentility-Commonalty. 

lord'-ly.  Lofty;  noble;  imperious.  Reputation- 
Discredit,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

Lord  May'-or.  The  mayor  of  London.  Chief-Under- 
ling; Lord  Mayor's  show,  Solemnization. 

lord'-ship.  The  state  or  quality  of  a  lord ;  a  seigniory; 
supremacy;  the  title  of  address  of  lords  and  judges. 
Judge,  Property,  Rule-License,  Title. 

lore.     Erudition.     Knowledge-Ignorance. 

loretle  [F.]  (lo-ret').  A  member  of  the  demi-monde. 
Purity-Rake. 

Lo"-ret-tine'.  A  member  of  a  Kentucky  order  of  nuns. 
Ministry-Laity. 

lor"-gnette'.  A  pair  of  eye-glasses  on  a  long  handle. 
Optical  Instruments. 

lor"-i-ca'-ted.     Encrusted.     Cover-Lining. 

lor"-i-ca'-tion.  A  defensive  covering.  Attack-De- 
fense. 

lorn.     Forsaken.     Sociability-Privacy. 

lose.  To  part  from;  to  let  slip;  to  be  separated  from; 
to  waste;  to  miss.  Clearness-Obscurity,  Gain- 
Loss,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness,  Success- 
Failure;  lose  an  opportunity,  Opportuneness- 
Unsuitableness;  lose  breath,  Weariness-Re- 
freshment; lose  caste,  Reputation-Discredit, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty;  lose  color,  Color- 
Achromatism;  lose  flesh,  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion; lose  ground,  Advance-Retrogression,  Suc- 
cess-Failure, Swiftness-Slowness,  Transcur- 
sion-Shortcoming;  lose  heart,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection;  lose  hope,  Sanguineness-Hopeless- 
ness;  lose  labor,  Success-Failure;  lose  no  time, 
Activity-Indolence,  Hurry-Leisure;  lose  one's 
balance,  Success-Failure;  lose  one's  cunning, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  lose  oneself,  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Truth-Error;  lose  one's  head,  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  lose  one's  heart, 
Love-Hate;  lose  one's  life,  Life-Death;  lose  one's 
reason,  Saneness-Lunacy;  lose  one's  temper,  Ex- 
citability -  Inexcitability,  Favorite  -  Anger, 
Politeness-Impoliteness;  lose  one's  way,  Aim- 
Aberration,  Difficulty-Facility,  Skill-Unskil- 
fulness;  lose  sight  of,  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Carefulness-Neglect,  Completion-Non- 
completion,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness,  Sight- 
Blindness,  Visibility- Invisibility;  lose  the 
clue,  Certainty-Doubt,  Clearness-Obscurity  ;  lose 
the  day,  Success-Failure;  lose  time,  Activity- 
Indolence  ;  no  time  to  lose,  Hurry-Leisure. 

lo'-sel.  Inclined  to  idleness  and  waste.  Extrava- 
gance-Avarice. 

los'-ing.  That  brings  loss.  Gain-Loss;  losing  game, 
Success-Failure,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

loss.  Privation;  that  which  is  lost;  state  of  being  lost; 
waste;  destruction.  Adjunct-Decrement,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Gain-Loss,  Good-Evil,  Life- 
Death,  Provision-Waste;  at  a  loss,  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Determination-Vacillation,  Difficulty- 
Facility;  at  a  loss  for,  Desire-Distaste;  loss  of  for- 
tune, Affluence-Penury;  loss  of  health,  Health- 
Sickness;  loss  of  life,  Life-Death;  loss  of  right,  Due- 
ness-Undueness;  loss  of  strength,  Strength- Weak- 
ness. 

lost.  Not  to  be  found  or  recovered;  missed;  ruined 
physically,  morally,  or  spiritually;  bewildered;  not 
won,  gained,  used,  or  enjoyed.  Appearance-Disap- 
pearance, Certainty-Doubt,  Entity-Nonentity, 
Excitation,  Gain-Loss,  Heed-Disregard,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection,  Pleasure-Pain,  Pres- 
ence-Absence,   Repentance-Obduracy,  Success- 


LOST. 


623 


LOUDNESS— FAINTNESS. 


Failure;  lost  in  admiration,  Approval-Disap- 
proval; lost  in  astonishment,  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance; lost  in  iniquity,  Virtue-Vice;  lost  in 
thought,  Heed-Disregard,  Reflection-Vacancy; 
lost  labor,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  lost  to  shame, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty; lost  to  sight,  Appearance-Disappearance; 
lost  to  virtue,  Virtue-Vice. 
lot.  Anything  used  in  determining  by  chance;  share, 
chance,  or  fortune;  fate;  allotment;  a  collection  or 
parcel  of  things  taken  together.  Assignment,  Con- 
dition-Situation, Gathering-Scattering,  Pur- 
pose-Luck, Quantity-Measure,  Volition-Obliga- 
tion; be  one's  lot,  Occurrence-Destiny;  cast  in 
one's  lot  with,  Choice-Neutrality,  Duty-Derelic- 
tion; cast  lots,  Purpose-Luck;  fall  to  one's  lot, 
Rationale-Luck;  in  lots,  Whole-Part ;  where  one's 
lot  is  cast,  Dweller-Habitation. 


loth.  Loath.  Desire-Distaste,  Readiness-Reluc- 
tance. 

Lo-tha'-ri-o.  A  gay  deceiver;  libertine.  [Rowe,  The 
Fair  Penitent.]    Love-Hate,  Purity-Rake. 

lo'-tion.  A  liquid  preparation  for  healing  or  cleansing 
the  skin.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Remedy-Bane, 
Water-Air. 

lots.    Great  plenty.    Enough,  Multiplicity-Paucity. 

lot'-ter-y.  Allotment;  any  chance  distribution  of 
matter.  Entertainment-Weariness,  Rationale- 
Luck;  put  into  a  lottery,  Purpose-Luck. 

lot'-to.  Game  of  chance.   Entertainment-Weariness. 

lo'-tus.     An  ornament.     Architecture. 

lo'-tus-eat"-er.  One  of  the  Lotophagi;  a  voluptuary. 
Activity-Indolence. 

loud'-ly.    In  a  loud  manner.    Loudness-Faintness. 

loud'-ness.  The  state  of  being  loud;  clamor.  Loud- 
ness-Faintness. 


LOUDNESS-FAINTNESS. 


Blast.     A  loud  or  penetrating  sound. 

Bombilation.     A  buzzing  or  humming  sound. 

Boom.     A  deep,  reverberating  sound. 

Charivari  [F.|.     A  mock  serenade  of  discordant  music. 

Clangor.}  A  sharp'  ringinff  sound- 

Clatter.     A  repeated  rattling  noise". 

Din.     A  loud,  stunning  noise. 

Fanfare  [F.J.     A  flourish  of  trumpets. 

Flourish  of  trumpets.     A  call  sounded  by  trumpets. 

Fracas.     Noisy  disturbance. 

Hubbub.     A  confused  noise,  as  of  many  voices. 

Hullaballoo.     A  loud  and  confused  noise.     See  Cry. 

Lamm.     A  noise  giving  warning  of  danger. 

Loudness.     The  quality  of  producing  a  great  sound. 

Loud  noise.     A  great  noise. 

Noise.     Sound  of  any  kind;  noxious. 

Peal.     A  loud  musical  sounding. 

Power.     Loudness  of  sound. 

Racket.     A  confused  clattering  noise. 

Resonance.     The  quality  of  prolonging  sound.     See  Resonance. 

Roar.     A  deep,  prolonged  cry. 

Swell.     Increase  of  intensity  of  sound. 

Thunder.     Any  loud,  rumbling  roar. 

Tintamarre  [F.J.     A  hideous  and  confused  noise. 

Trumpet-blast.     The  sound  made  by  blowing  a  trumpet. 

Uproar.     Violent  disturbance  and  noise. 

Vociferation.     A  shouting  with  a  loud  noise. 

Loudness — Associated  Nouns. 
Artillery.     Guns  borne  on  wheeled  carriages. 
Cannon.     A  heavy  mounted  gun. 

Fanfare  [F.|.     A  flourish  or  call  sounded  by  trumpets. 
Flourish  of  trumpets.     A  call  sounded  by  trumpets. 
Lungs.     The  organs  of  respiration ;   figuratively,  sound. 
Stentor.     A  person  of  uncommonly  strong  voice.     [Homer,  I  Had. I 

Loudness — Verbs. 
Bellow,  etc.     To  make  a  hollow,  loud  noise.     See  Cry-Ululation, 
Be  loud,  etc.     To  be  making  a  great  sound.     See  Adjectives. 
Boom.     To  make  a  hollow  sound  or  roar. 
Clang.     To  sound  in  a  sharp  and  ringing  manner. 
Deafen.     To  deprive  of  the  ability  to  hear. 
Din  In  the  ear.     To  cause  a  ringing  in  the  ears. 
Faire  le  diable  a  quatre  [F.].     To  play  the  devil. 
Fill  the  air.     To  make  the  air  full  of  sound. 
Fulminate.     To  make  a  sudden,  loud  noise,  as  thunder;  "  fulmined 

over  Greece.'*      [Milton,  Paradise  Regained,  iv,  270.  J 
Hake  one's  windows  shake.     To  make  a  great  noise. 
Peal.     To  cause  to  ring  or  sound. 
Pierce  the  ears    j  T      ff       ^  h     sh         shriU  sound< 
Pierce  the  head.) 
Rend  the  air.      ] 

l:ndS:h«a.      To  make  a  great  noise. 

Rend  the  skies.  J 

Resound,  etc.     To  sound  loudly.     See  Resonance. 

Ring  in  the  ear.     To  cause  a  ringing  sound. 

Roar.     To  make  a  loud,  confused  sound. 

Shout,  etc.     To  utter  a  sudden,  loud  noise.     See  Cry. 

Speak  up.     To  speak  loud  or  unreservedly. 


Faintness.     The  state  of  being  scarcely  perceptible  to  the  ear. 
Faint  sound.     A  low,  almost  imperceptible  sound. 

j  Faintness — Denotations. 

Breath.     The  act  of  respiration;  something  resembling  breath,  as  a 

gentle  sound  or  movement. 
Hoarseness  etc.     Roughness  or  harshness  of  the  voice,  as  from  a  cold 

or  fatigue.     See  Adjectives. 
Hum.     A  low  monotonous  buzzing  or  whirring  sound. 
Murmur.     A  low  sound  continually  repeated. 
Raucity.     The  quality  of  being  rough  of  sound. 
Still  small  voice.     Conscience. 

Susurration,     A  soft  murmuring  or  whispering  sound. 
Tinkle.     A  succession  of  slight,  sharp,  clear  sounds. 
Underbreath.     A  low  whispered  sound. 
Undertone ,     The  tone  of  a  subdued  voice. 
Whisper.     A  low,  soft,  sibilant  voice. 

Faintness — Verbs. 

Babble.     To  make  a  constant  murmuring  noise,  as  a  little  brook. 

Breathe.     To  utter  softly. 

Float  on  the  ear.     To  come  to  the  ear  gently. 

Flow.     To  glide  gently  or  smoothly. 

Gurgle.     To  make  a  noise  as  a  small  stream  on  a  stony  bottom. 

Hum.     To  make  a  dull,  prolonged,  nasal  sound. 

Melt  on  the  ear.     To  strike  with  a  low,  pleasing  sound. 

Murmur.     To  make  a  low,  continued  noise. 

Mutter,  etc.     To  utter  words  with  a  low  voice  and  compressed  lipc. 

See  Speech-Inarticulateness. 
Purl.     To  make  a  murmuring  sound. 
Ripple.     To  give  forth  a  low  murmuring  sound,  as  water  flowing 

over  a  rough  bottom. 
Steal  on  the  ear.     To  come  with  a  low,  gentle  sound. 
Tinkle.     To  sound  in  a  sharp,  clear  manner. 
Whisper.     To  speak  softly  or  under  the  breath . 

Faintness — Adjectives. 

Dulcet,  etc.     Sweet  to  the  ear;  melodious.     See  Melody. 

Dull.     Low;  not  clear. 

Faint.     Scarcely  audible . 

Floating.     Sounding  quietly  and  gently. 

Flowing,  etc.     Sounding  smoothly.     See  Verbs 

Gentle.     Low;  soft;  not  loud. 

Hoarse.     Having  a  rough  or  grating  voice. 

Husky.     Rough  in  tone . 

Inaudible.     Incapable  of  being  heard 

Just  audible.     Almost  inaudible. 

Liquid.     Flowing  smoothly. 

Low.     Not  loud. 

Muffled.     Wrapped  with  something  that  renders  sound  inaudible. 

Purling.     Softly  murmuring. 

Scarcely  audible.     Hardly  audible. 

Soft.     Gentle;  not  loud. 

Soothing.     Tending  to  calm  or  console. 

Stifled.     Deadened. 

Whispered,  etc.     Lowly  spoken.    See  Verbs. 

Faintness — Adverbs. 
A  lasourdine  [F.].     In  the  manner  of  a  low-stop  on  the  organ. 
Aside.     So  as  not  to  be  overheard. 


LOUDNESS. 


624 


LOVE— HATE. 


LOUDNESS— FAINTNESS—  Continued. 


LOUDNESS— Verbs— Continutd. 

SS  !£  h«d.) To  •«foet  with  a  pierdn« sound- 

Stun.     To  overwhelm  with  sound. 

Swell.     To  increase  the  sound  of. 

Thunder.     To  make  a  loud  roaring  noise. 

Thunder  in  the  ear.     To  affect  with  a  deep  heavy  sound. 

Loudness — Adjectives. 
Big  sounding.     Having  a  pompous  sound. 
Clamorous,  etc.     Noisy;   loud;  turbulent.     See  Cry. 
Clangorous.     Sharp  or  harsh  in  sound. 
Deafening,  etc.     Very  loud  in  sound.     See  Verbs. 
Deep.     Low  in  sound. 
Ear-deafening,  i 

Ear-rending.      >Loud;  sharp  in  sound. 
Ear-splitting.    ) 

Enough  to  wake  the  dead.  |  j^  tQ  an  excessive  degree 

Enough  to  wake  the  seven  sleepers  J 
Full.     Abundant  in  quantity. 
High-sounding.     Noisy. 
Loud.     Making  a  great  sound. 
Multisonous.     Sounding  much. 
Noisy.     Making  a  loud  sound. 
Obstreperous.     Loud;  clamorous. 
Piercing.     Shrill. 
Powerful.     Having  a  full,  loud  sound. 


FAINTNESS— Adverbs— Continued. 
Between  the  teeth.     In  a  whisper. 

Inaudibly,etc.     In  a  manner  not  to  be  heard.     See  Adjectives, 
In  a  whisper.     In  a  low  voice. 

Out  of  earshot.     Out  of  the  distance  at  which  words  can  be  heard 
Piano  [It.].     In  a  soft  manner. 
Pianissimo  [It.].     In  a  very  low  and  soft  manner. 
Sottovoce  [It.].     In  a  low  voice. 
With  bated  breath.     With  lowered  voice. 


LOUDNESS— Adjectives— Continued. 
Rackety.     Making  a  tumultuous  noise. 

Shrill,  etc.     Sharp  and  piercing  in  sound.     See  Cacophony. 
Sonorous.     Loud-sounding. 

Thundering.     Loud  and  full  in  sound. 

Trumpet-tongued.     Having  a  tongue  as  vociferous  as  a  trumpet- 
Uproarious.     Making  a  great  noise  or  tumult. 

Loudness — Adverbs. 
Aloud.     Loudly. 

At  the  top  of  one's  voice.     As  loudly  as  possible. 
In  full  cry.     Loudly. 

Loudly,  etc.     In  an  audible  or  noisy  manner.     See  Adjectives. 
Lustily.     In  a  vigorous,  strong  manner. 


lough.     A  lake.     Gulf-Plain. 

louts  <Tor  [F.]  (lu-i'  dor).     A  French  gold  coin.    Money. 

lounge.    To  loaf.    Activity-Indolence. 

loun'-ger.     An  idler.    Activity-Indolence. 

loup-garou  [F.]  (lu"-ga-ru') .  A  werewolf.  Jove- 
Fiend. 

hups,  Hurler  avec  les  [F.]  (lu,  hur-le'  a-vec'  le).  To 
howl  with  the  wolves.     Variance-Accord. 

louse.     A  parasitic  insect.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

lout.  An  awkward  fellow;  clown.  Gentility-Com- 
monalty, Sage-Fool. 

lout'-ish.     Clumsy.     Gentility-Commonalty. 

lou'-ver.  A  louver- window;  a  chimney-flue.  Water- 
course-Airpipe;  louver-window,  Architecture. 


lov'-a-ble.     Amiable.     Love-Hate. 

love.  To  be  strongly  attached  to;  to  be  in  love  with; 
devoted  affection  for;  a  sweetheart.  Amity-Hos- 
tility, Approval-Disapproval,  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Desire-Distaste,  Favorite-Anger, 
Love-Hate,  Pleasure-Pain,  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness; abode  of  love,  Love-Hate;  God's  love,  Chari- 
tableness-Malevolence ;  labor  of  love,  Costliness- 
Cheapness,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance, Unselfishness-Selfishness; 
love-affair,  Love-Hate;  love  of  country,  Humani- 
tarianism-Misanthropy;  make  love,  Endearment; 
no  love  lost,  Variance-Accord;  not  for  love  01 
money,  Costliness-Cheapness,  Excess-Lack. 


LOVE— HATE. 


Admiration.  An  emotion  of  pleasure  and  approbation  in  view  of  any- 
thing excellent,  beautiful,  or  sublime. 

Adoration.     Love  in  the  highest  degree. 

Affection.  That  kind,  constant,  and  tender  feeling  that  goes  out  from 
one  person  to  another. 

Amor  [L.].     Love. 

Attachment.     The  state  of  being  bound  by  strong  and  lasting  ties. 

Attractiveness.     The  power  of  pleasing,  winning,  or  engaging. 

Benevolence.     Love  to  mankind.     See  Charitableness 

Brotherly  love.      Love  of  the  nature  of  love  toward  a  brother. 

Devotion.  The  state  of  feeling  in  which  a  person  gives  himself  up 
entirely  to  some  person  or  cause. 

Dilection.     A  loving. 

Enchantment.     The  state  of  being  filled  with  delight  by  anything. 

Enthusiasm.     Ardent  zeal  for  a  person  or  cause. 

Eros  rGr.].     Same  as  Cupid-     God  of  love. 

Fellow-feeling.     A  feeling  of  interest  in  the  affairs  of  another. 

Fervor.     Ardor  or  intensity  of  feeling. 

Flame.     The  passion  of  love. 

Fondn?ss.  etc.  Strong  liking  or  preference;  extravagant  affection. 
,  See  Adjectives. 

Tree  love.  The  doctrine  or  custom  of  unrestrained  choice  in  sexual 
relation* 

Gal'antry.      Courtesv  and  deferential  attention  shown  to  women. 

Gyneolatry.     Worship  of  woman. 

Idolatry.     Inordinate  love  or  admiration. 

Inclination,  etc.      Liking  for  one  thing  rather  than  another. 

Infatuation.      Extravagant  or  unreasonable  love. 

Liking.     Inclination  due  to  some  attractive  quality. 

Love.     The  personal,  strong,  and  tender  affection  between  the  sexps. 

Maternal  love.     The  love  of  a  mother  for  her  children. 

Passion.      Intense  affection. 

Plighted  love.     Engagement  to  be  married. 

Popularity.  The  character  or  condition  of  possessing  the  confidence 
or  favor  of  the  people. 


Abomination.     Extreme  hatred. 

Acrimony.     A  biting  sharpness  produced  by  a  bitter  spirit. 

Alienation.     Estrangement;  a  withdrawal  of  the  affections. 

Animosity,    etc.     Spiritedness  in  hatred.     See  Favorite-Angbr. 

Antipathy.     Aversion  to;  repugnance. 

Aversion.     A  fixed  and  habitual  dislike  not  necessarily  strong. 

R.  *  ,  ,     ..        f  A  feeling  of  enmity,  hate,  or  severe  resentment. 

Coolness.     Indifference ;  the  state  of  manifesting  dislike 

Detestation.     The  act  of  hating  or  disliking  extremely. 

Disaffection.     Unfriendliness;  dislike.  r 

Disfavor.     The  state  of  being  not  in  favor. 

Dudgeon.     Anger;  resentment;  ill  will. 

Enemy,  etc.     One  who  is  no  friend;  antagonist.     See  Friend-Foe. 

Enmity,  etc.     Animosity;  continued  hatred.    See  Amity-Hostility, 

Estrangement.     The  state  of  having  ceased  to  be  friendly  towards. 

Grudge.     Hatred,  secret  enmity ;  ill  will. 

Gynephobia.     Dislike  of  woman. 

Hate.     Strong  aversion  for  a  person  and  a  desire  to  injure  him. 

Hatred.     Extreme  dislike ;  hate;  ill  will;  aversion. 

Implacability,     etc.     Irreconcilable     anger.     See     Pardon-Vindic 

tiveness. 
Ingrate.     An  ungrateful  person. 
Malevolence.     Evil  disposition  towards  another. 
Malice,  etc.     A  natural  desire  to  injure  others  without  cause      See 

Charitableness-Malevolence. 
Object  of  execration.     Anything  greatly  hated. 
Object  of  hatred.     Anything  that  causes  great  displeasure. 
Odium.     Hatred;  the  quality  which  produces  hatred. 
Pique.     A  quick  sense  of  resentment,  usually  not  permanent. 
Reprobate.     To  disapprove  with  strong  dislike. 
Repugnance,  etc.     That  from  which  a  man  instinctively  draws  back 

See  Desire-Distaste. 
Source  of  annoyance.     Anything  that  causes  trouble.     See  Painfuv 

nbss. 


LOVE. 


625 


LOVE— HATE. 


LOVE— HATE— Continued. 


Rapture.     Act  or  expression  of  excessive  delight. 

Regard.  That  feeling  which  springs  from  any  thing  that  excites 
esteem,  affection,  or  the  like. 

Storgt   [Gr.].     Maternal  love. 

Sympathy.     A  feeling  of  compassion  for  another's  sufferings  or  evils 

Tenderness.     Love. 

Tender  passion.     Love. 

The  old  story.     Love. 

Transport  of  love.  The  passion  of  love  which  carries  one  beyond  the 
bounds  of  moderation. 

Yearning.  A  strong  emotion  of  longing  or  desire,  especially  with  ten- 
derness 


Lovf — Associated  Nouns. 

Abode  of  love.     A  lovers'  meeting-  place. 

Agapemone  [Gr.].     The  abode  of  love. 

Amour  [F.].     A  love  intrigue. 

■Courtship.     The  attention  of  a  man  to  a  woman  whom  he  desires  to 

marry.     See  Blandishment. 
Cupid.     The  god  of  love;  figuratively,  love 
Love-affair.     All  that  happens  in  a  love  experience  with  a  particular 

person. 
Love-story.     A  story  recounting  experiences  of  love. 
Love-suit.     Courtship. 
Love-tale.     A  story  expressing  love. 
Love-token.     A  gift  in  token  of  love. 

Myrtle.  A  plant  considered  sacred  to  Venus,  goddess  of  love. 
True-lover's  knot.  A  knot  tied  in  pledge  of  loyalty  and  love. 
Venus.     The  goddess  of  love ;  figuratively,  love. 


Love — Nouns  of  Agent 


Admirer.     One  who  has  special  regard  for  another. 

Adorer.     A  lover. 

Affianced.     A  person  engaged  to  be  married. 

Amoret.     A  sweetheart:  a  wanton. 

Amoretto  [It.].     A  lover. 

Amoroso  [It.].     In  a  soft,  amatory  style.     Music. 

Amourette  [F.].     A  pretty  love-affair. 

Angel.     A  sweetheart,  as  a  heavenly  messenger. 

Beau.     An  escort  or  lover,  as  a  thing  of  beauty. 

Betrothed.     A  person  engaged  to  be  married. 

Captive.     One  enslaved  by  beauty,  love,  passion,  or  the  like. 

Cara  sponsa  [It.]      Dear  wife. 

Caro  sponso  [It.]      Dear  husband. 

Cavaliere  servente  [It].     A  gallant. 

Cicisbeo  [It.].     A  professed  gallant  of  a  married  woman 

Cocotte      A  mistress;  used  in  a  bad  sense 

Coquette.       A  woman   who  endeavors  to  attract  admiration   and 

advances  in  love,  merely  to  gratify  her  vanity. 
Darling.     One  who  is  tenderly  beloved;  a  little  dear. 
Duck.     A  darling. 

Dulcinea  [Sp.].     A  sweetheart;  a  lady-love 
Enamorata.     A  lady  sweetheart. 
Familist.     A  member  of  an  old  sect  who  held  that  religion  consists  in 

love,  not  faith. 
Favorite,  etc.     One  admired  by  another.     See  Favorite. 
Fianc£  [F.].     A  betrothed  person 
Flirt.     One  who  makes  love  for  mere  amusement. 
Follower.     An  admirer. 

Gallant.     A  man  who  pays  court  and  attention  to  women. 
Goddess.     A  lady-love  regarded  as  divine. 
Heart.     A  sweetheart. 
Idol.     A  person  beloved 
Inamorata.     A  female  in  love;  enamored. 
Inamorato.     A  male  in  love;  enamored. 
Lady-love.     A  woman  who  is  beloved. 
Leman.     A  sweetheart;  a  mistress. 
Lothario.     A  character  in  Rowe's  The  Fair  Penitent,  represented  as 

a  libertine  and  seducer 
Love.     A  person  beloved 
Lover.     A  person  in  love. 
Pair  of  turtle-doves.     Two  lovers. 

Paramour.     One  who  is  immorally  a  lover  or  a  mistress. 
Suitor.     One  who  seeks  a  woman's  hand  in  marriage;  a  wooer. 
Swain.     A  rustic  lover. 

Sweetheart.      One   who   is  particularly  loved   by  or  as  a   lover. 
True  love.     A  sweetheart. 
Venus.     Goddess  of  love  and  beauty. 

40 


1  To  have  hatred  for. 

OLENCE. 


See  Charitableness-Malbv. 


Umbrage.     Jealousy;  resentment  at  being  overshadowed. 
Unpopularity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  disliked. 

Hate — Figurative  Nouns 
Bad  blood.     Ill  feeling. 

Bete  noire  [F.].     A  black  beast;  an  annoyance. 
Bitter  pill.     Anything  disagreeable. 
Ill  blood.     Hatred. 
Vials  of  hate.     Great  hatred. 

Hate — Verbs. 
Abhor.     To  feel  excessive  repugnance  towards. 
Abominate.     To  hate  exceedingly ;  detest. 
Alienate.     To  estrange;  make  unfriendly. 
Bear  a  grudge. 
Bear  malice. 
Bear  spleen. 

Be  hateful,  etc.     To  be  unfriendly  to;  be  adverse.     See  Adjectives 
Conceive  an  aversion.     To  form  or  receive  an  aversion. 
Contemptible.     Deserving  of  scorn. 
Despicable.     Contemptible,  mean. 
Despise.     To  scorn,  contemn,  disdain. 
Detest.     To  testify  against;  abhor;  abominate. 
Disrelish,  etc.     To  feel  disgust  for.     See  Desire-Distaste. 
Envenom.     To  poison;  render  hateful. 
Estrange.     To  make  unfriendly. 
Excite  hatred.     To  arouse  hatred. 
Execrate.     To  detest  completely;  curse. 
Hate.     To  dislike  and  desire  to  injure. 
Hold  in  abomination. 
Horrify,  etc.     To  fill  with  horror  or  dread.     See  Pleasurableness 

Painfulness. 
Incense.     To  arouse ;  make  angry  against. 
Irritate.     To  annoy;  arouse  to  a  slight  angry  feeling. 
Loathe.     To  feel  disgust  at;  abhor. 
Owe  a  grudge.     To  hate. 
Provoke  hatred,  etc.     See  Nouns 

Recoil  at.     To  withdraw  from,  as  anything  repugnant. 
Repel.     To  repulse. 
Revolt  against.     To  shrink  from . 
Rile.     To  vex;  anger 

Scowl.     To  frown  at;  look  angry.     See  Politeness-Impoliteness 
Set  against.     To  oppose. 
Set  by  the  ears.     To  cause  strife  between. 
Shrink  from.     To  recoil  from. 
Shudder  at.     To  shake  with  horror  or  aversion. 
Sow  dissension.     To  cause  quarrel  or  strife . 
Stink  in  the  nostrils.     To  be  disgusting  or  abhorrent. 
View  with  horror. 

Hate — A  djectives . 

Abhorrent.     Repugnant;  detestable. 

Abominable.     Detestable;  loathsome. 

At  daggers  drawn.     At  enmity. 

Averse  from.     Repugnant;  disliking. 

Bitter,  etc.     Sharp;  harsh;  stern.     See  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

Crossed  in  love.     Thwarted  in  love. 

Disgusting,  etc.  Sickening;  repugnant.  See  Pleasurableness 
Painfulness. 

Disliked,  etc.     Not  liked.     See  Desire-Distaste. 

Forsaken.     Abandoned;  left  alone. 

Hateful.     Malevolent;  abhorrent. 

Hating, etc.     Loathing:  detesting.     See  Verbs 

Implacable.     Inexorable ;  unrelenting. 

Insulting.     Abusive;  contemptuous. 

Invidious.     Hateful;  likely  to  incur  hatred  or  ill  will. 

Irritating.     Exasperating;  annoying. 

Jilted.     Discarded  after  having  been  encouraged  as  a  lover. 

Love-lorn.     Forsaken  by  one's  love. 

Malicious,  etc.  Exercising  malice;  malevolent.  See  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence. 

Not  on  speaking  terms.     Mutually  angry.      See  Amity-Hostility 

Obnoxious.     Hateful;  offensive;  odious. 

Odious.     Deserving  hate;  detestable;  disgusting. 

Offensive.     Causing  anger  to  a  certain  degree;  displeasing. 

Provoking.     Arousing  resentment;  irritating. 

Rejected.     Discarded;  castaway  from. 

Repulsive.     Inclined  to  repel;  unattractive. 

Set  against.     Opposed. 

Shocking.     Horrible;  disgusting. 

Spiteful.     Filled  with  mean  and  petty  hatred, 

Unbeloved.     Not  loved. 

Uncared  for.     Displeasing. 

Undeplored.     Not  mourned  for. 


LOVE. 


626 


LOVE— HATE. 


LOVE— HATE— Continued. 


Love — Verbs. 


Adore.     To  love  in  the  highest  degree . 

Affect.     To  love  or  regard  with  affection. 

Aimer  eperdument  fF.].     To  love  to  distraction. 

Attach.     To  win  the  heart  of. 

Attract.     To  draw,  allure,  influence  by  moral  or  other  qualities. 

Bear  love  to.     To  have  love  for. 

Become  enamored,  etc .     To  fall  in  love.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  in  love  with,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  partial  to.     To  be  inclined  in  favor  of. 

Be  wedded  to.     To  be  very  much  attached  to;  be  married  to 

Bewitch.     To  charm;  fascinate. 

Burn.     To  be  in  a  state  of  strong  passion  or  desire. 

Captivate.     To  enthrall  the  affections. 

Care  for.     To  have  affection  for. 

Charm.     To  fascinate ;  please  very  much. 

Cherish.     To  hold  dear;  care  for. 

Cherish  a  love  for.     To  have  a  love  for. 

Cling  to.     To  adhere  closely  to. 

Curry  favor  with.     To  gain  favor  by  means  of  flattery. 

Desire, etc.     To  long  for  eagerly  and  anxiously.     See  Desire 

Dote  upon  I  ^°  ^  f°olishly  or  excessively  fond  of. 

Enamor.     To  inflame  with  love. 

Endear.     To  make  more  beloved. 

Engage  the  affections.) 

Engage  the  heart.  >To  win  one's  love. 

Engage  the  love.  ) 

Enrapture.     To  transport  with  pleasure. 

Entertain  a  love  for.  ,To  love. 

Excite  love.     To  arouse  love. 

FaireVaimable  fF.].     To  do  the  amiable. 

Fall  in  love  with .     Become  enamored. 

Fancy.     To  be  pleased  with. 

Fascinate.     To  please  very  much;  charm. 

Feast  one's  eyes  on.     Look  on  with  pleasure. 

Flirt.     To  play  at  courtship. 

Gain  the  affections.) 

Gain  the  heart.         VTo  win  the  love  of. 

Gain  the  love.  ) 

Get  into  favor.     Ingratiate  oneself. 

Harbor  a  love  for.  I  ™    , 

Have  a  love  for.     j  To  love- 

Hold  dear.     Cherish. 

Hug.     To  embrace  closely. 

Idolize.     To  love  to  excess. 

Ingratiate  oneself.     To  bring  oneself  into  favor  with. 

Insinuate  oneself.     To  obtain  favor  by  means  of  flattery  or  stealth 

Like.     To  be  pleased  with. 

Look  sweet  upon.     Make  love  to. 

Lose  one's  heart.     To  fall  in  love. 

Love.     To  regard  with  affection;  be  fond  of. 

Love  to  distraction .     To  love  excessively. 

Make  much  of.     Cherish. 

Pay  one's  court  to.     To  woo;  court. 

Pet.     To  fondle;  indulge. 

Philander.     To  take  liberties  with  a  woman. 

Prize.     To  value;  regard  highly. 

Propitiate.     To  render  favorable. 

Regard.     To  hold  in  esteem. 

Revere.     To  honor;  venerate. 

Secure  the  affections.) 

Secure  the  heart.         ^  To  gain  the  love  of. 

Secure  the  love.  ) 

Seduce.     To  induce  to  surrender  chastity. 

Set  one's  affections  on.    To  fall  in  love  with. 

Set  one's  cap  at.     To  make  love  to ,  try  to  attract  the  attention  of. 

Sympathize  with.     To  have  a  common  feeling  with 

Take  a  fancy  to.     To  fancy. 

Take  an  interest  in.     To  be  attracted  to. 

Take  the  fancy  of.     To  please. 

Take  to.     To  like 

Turn  the  head .     To  infatuate . 

Win  the  affections.*) 

Win  the  heart.         >To  win  one's  love. 

Win  the  love.  > 

Wind  round  the  heart.     To  fascinate 

Worm  oneself.     To  insinuate. 

Love— Adjectives. 
Adorable.     Lovable ;  worthy  of  adoration. 
Affectionate.     Having  great  love. 


HATE — Adjectives — Continued 


Unendeared.     Not  loved. 
Unlamented.     Uncared  for. 
Unloved.     Not  attached  to. 
Unmourned.     Not  cared  for. 
Unvalued.     Not  wanted. 

Hate — Phrases. 

Acerrima  proximorum  odia    [L.].      Fiercest  is  the  hatred  of   those 
nearest  kin.    [Tacitus,  History,  iv,  26. Q  K' 

Odium  medicum  [L.].     Mutual  hatred  among  physicians. 
Odium  orthoepicum  [LJ.     Hatred  among  orthoepists. 


LOVE — Adjectives — Continued. 


Pleasing  to  one. 


Pleasing;     alluring;    having     moral    qualities     that 


After  one's  fancy. 

After  one's  mind. 

After  one's  own  heart. 

After  one's  taste. 

Amatory.     Pertaining  to  love. 

Amiable.     Lovable;  pleasing. 

Amorous.     Inclined  to  love. 

Ardent.     Passionate;  affectionate;  eager. 

Attached  to.      Bound  to;  won  over  to  by  moral   or  other   quali- 
ties. 

Attractive, 
please. 

Beloved.     Dear  to  the  heart ;  loved. 

Bewitching.     Charming;  fascinating. 

Bitten.     Smitten  with  love. 

Captivating.     Charming;  very  pleasing;  alluring 

Charmed.etc.     Fascinated;  delighted.     See  Verbs. 

Charming, etc.     Pleasing;  fascinating.     See  Verbs. 

Congenial.     Allied  in  nature. 

Darling.     Very  dearly  beloved ;  little  dear. 

Dear.     Much  esteemed;  beloved. 

Dear  as  the  apple  of  one's  eye.  1  ,.        A 

Dearly  beloved.  /  Very  dear- 

Devoted.     Given  up  to;  attached  to;  consecrated  to. 

Enamored.     Deeply  in  love;  captivated. 

Enchanting.     Charming;  pleasing;  agreeable. 

Engaging.     Tending  to  draw  the  affection ;  attractive. 

Erotic.     Pertaining  to  love ;  amatory. 

Fascinating.     Pleasing;  enchanting. 

Favorite.     Best  beloved;  most  cared  for. 

Fond  of.     Tender;  affectionate. 

In  love.     Under  the  influence  of  love. 

In  one's  good  graces,  etc.     In  one's  favor.     See  Amity. 

Interesting.     Exciting  the  emotions  or  holding  tne  attention. 

Like  an  angel.     Lovely. 

Little.     Small,  slight,  slender;  a  term  of  endearment. 

Lovable.     Worthy  of  love . 

Loved,  etc .     Attracted  to  by  some  pleasing  quality. 

Lovely.     Possessing  qualities  that  are  worthy  of  love. 

Love-sick.     Ill  with  amorous  desire. 

Loving      Affectionate. 

Motherly.     Like  a  mother  in  manner  and  action. 

Nearest  to  one's  heart.     Dearest;  most  cared  for. 

Over  head  and  ears  in  love.     Very  much  in  love ;  infatuated. 

Passionate.     Moved  to  strong  feeling,  as  love,  desire,  or  the  like. 

Pet.     Fondled;  indulged. 

Popular.     Well  liked ;  beloved  by  the  people. 

Precious.     Valuable;  dear. 

Rapturous.     Ravishing;  transporting. 

Seductive.     Tending  to  lead  astray;  enticing. 

Smitten.     Affected  with  love ;  enamored. 

Struck  with.     Impressed  by. 

Sweet.     Mild;  kind;  pleasing. 

Sweet  upon.     In  love  with. 

Sympathetic.     Havingcommon  feelings  or  compassion. 

Taken  with.     Pleased  with ;  in  love  with. 

Tender.     Gentle;  soft. 

To  one's  fancy. 


To  one's  mind. 
To  one's  own  heart. 
To  one's  taste. 


Pleasing. 


Uxorious.     Too  much  devoted  to  one's  wife. 
Wedded  to.     Much  attached  to. 
Well-beloved .     Much  or  dearly  beloved. 
Winning.     Attracting;  charming. 


LOVE. 


627 


LUCKLESS. 


LOVE— Continued. 
Love — Phrases. 


Amantes,  amentes  [L.l  Lovers,  lunatics.  [Terence,  Andrea, I, iii,  «j.] 
Aut  amat  out  odii  mutter;  nihil  est  tertiunt  [L.).     A  woman  loves  or 

she  hates;  no  third  course  exists  for  her.    [Publius  Syrus,  6.] 
Froides  mains ,  chaudes  amours  [F.].     Cold  hands,  warm  heart. 
Gage  d'amour  [F.].     Pledge  of  love. 
Ich  habe  genossen    das  irdische  Gluck,  ich   habe  gelebt  und  geliebet 

[G.].     I  have  enjoyed  the  pleasure  of  this  earth,  I  have  lived  and 

loved.     [Schiller,  Waltenstein,  ii,  a. J 

loved.     Cherished.     Love-Hate. 

love'-knot".    A  knot  tied  in  pledge  of  love.     Sign. 

love'-let"-ter.  A  letter  expressing  love  for  the  receiver. 
Blandishment. 

love'-li-ness.  The  state  of  being  lovely.  Pleasurable- 
ness-Pain  fulness. 

love'-lorn".     Pining  for  a  lover.    Love-Hate. 

love'-ly.  Attractive;  lovable.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Love-Hate,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Sen- 
suality-Suffering. 

love'-mak"-ing.     Courtship.     Blandishment. 

love'-pot".  One  fond  of  drink.  Teetotalism-In- 
temperance. 

lov'-er.  A  warm  admirer;  a  devoted  friend.  Desire- 
Distaste,  Favorite-Anger,  Love-Hate,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness. 

love'-sick".  Languishing  with  love.  Blandishment, 
Love-Hate. 

love'-stor"-y.  A  story  of  love.  Blandishment,  Love- 
Hate. 

love'-tale".     A  tale  of  love.     Blandishment. 

love'-tok"-en.  A  gift  in  token  of  love.  Blandishment, 
Love-Hate,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

lov'-ing.     Affectionate.     Love-Hate. 

lov'-ing-cup".  A  parting-cup.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness, Sociability-Privacy. 

lov'-ing-kind"-ness.  Tender  regard.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

low.  (i)  Not  high  or  tall;  deep;  below  usual  level;  soft; 
humble;  vulgar.  Costliness -Cheapness,  Excess  - 
Lack,  Gentility-Commonalty,  Height-Lowness, 
Loudness  -  Faintness,  Magnitude  -  Smallness, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Taste-Vulgarity;  at  alow 
ebb,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Elevation-De- 
pression, Magnitude -Smallness,  Provision  - 
Waste,  Supremacy-Subordinacy;  bring  low,  Ele- 
vation-Depression; low  comedy,  Acting;  low  con- 
dition, Gentility-Commonalty;  low  fellow,  Gentil- 
ity-Commonalty; low  life,  Gentility-Commonalty, 
Taste -Vulgarity;  low  neighborhood,  City-Coun- 
try; low  note,  Resonance  -Nonresonance;  low 
origin,  Gentility  -  Commonalty  ;  low  price,  Costli- 
ness-Cheapness; low  spirits,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection;  low  tide,  Height-Lowness;  low  tone, 
Vocalization-Muteness,  Whiteness  -  Blackness; 
low  water,  Affluence-Penury,  Dampness-Dry- 
ness,  Excess-Lack,  Height-Lowness. 

low.    (2)  To  moo.     Cry-Ululation. 

low'-born".  Of  humble  birth.  Gentility-Commonalty. 

low'-er.  (1)  To  lessen  or  bring  down;  to  humble. 
Elevation  -  Depression,  Height-Lowness,  In- 
crease-Decrease, Supremacy-Subordinacy;  lower 
one's  flag,  Yielding;  lower  one's  note,  Selfrespect- 
Humbleness;  lower  orders,  Gentility-Common- 
alty. 

low'-er.  (2)  To  look  angry  or  sullen.  Dimness,  Favor- 
ite-Anger, Favorite-Moroseness,  Light-Dark- 
ness,   Lightheartedness  -  Dejection,     Prophecy. 

low'-er-ing.  (1)  Bringing  down.  Elevation-Depres- 
sion. 

low'-er-ing.  (2)  Threatening.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection. 

low'-est.      Least.      Supremacy-Subordinacy. 


Omnia  vincit  amor  [L.l.    Love  conquers  all  things.    [Virgil,  Eclogues, 

x,  69.1 
Quern  Jupiter  vult    perdere,  dementat    prius   [L.].      Whom  Jupiter 

wishes  to  destroy,  he  first  makes  mad. 
Serus  in  ctelum  redeas  [l.].    Late  return  thou  to  the  ikies.    [Horace, 

Odes,  I,  ii,  45.] 


low'-lands".  Lands  low  with  respect  to  surrounding! 
country.     Height-Lowness. 

low'-li-hood.    A  lowly  state.     Selfrespect-Humility. 

low'-ly.     Humble.    Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

low'-mind"-ed.  Base;  vulgar.  Gentility- Common- 
alty, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

lown.    A  loon;  dolt.    Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Sage-Fool. 

low'-ness.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  low.  Height- 
Lowness,  Selfrespect-Humbleness,  Taste-Vul- 
garity. 

loy'-al.  Constant  and  faithful  in  relations  implying 
trust.  Insubordination-Obedience,  Observance- 
Nonobservance,  Patriotism-Treason,  Upright- 
ness-Dishonesty. 

loyal  en  tout  [F.]  (lwa-yal'  an-  tu).  Loyal  in  every- 
thing. Observance-Nonobservance,  Upright- 
ness-Dishonesty. 

loy'-al-ty.  Devoted  allegiance.  Insubordination- 
Obedience,  Patriotism-Treason,  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

loyauti  m' oblige  [F.]  (lwa-yo-te'  mo-blizh').  Loyalty 
binds  me.  Duty-Dereliction,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

loz'-enge.     A  diamond-shaped  figure.     Angularity. 

loz'-enged.  Diamond-shaped.  Lozenged  window,  Ar- 
chitecture. 

L.  s.  d.  Abbreviations  for  pounds,  shillings,  pence 
(hbrce,  soltdi,  denarii).     Money. 

lub'-bard.  A  lubber;  lubberly.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Adept-Bungler. 

lub'-ber.  A  lout;  awkward,  ungainly  fellow.  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Adept-Bungler,  Sage -Fool, 
Scholar-Dunce. 

lub'-ber-ly.  Clumsy;  clumsily.  GREATNEss-LiTTLEr 
ness,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

lu'-bri-cate.  To  lessen  friction.  Difficulty-Facility, 
Friction-Lubrication,  Smoothness-Roughness. 

lu'-bri-ca"-ted.  Made  smooth  or  slippery.  Friction- 
Lubrication. 

lu"-bri-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  lubricating;  lubricant. 
Friction-Lubrication,  Smoothness-Roughness. 

lu-bric'-i-tate.  To  make  smooth  or  slippery.  Fric- 
tion-Lubrication. 

lu-bric'-i-ty.  Smoothness;  slipperiness;  unchastity. 
Pulpiness-Oiliness,  Purity-Impurity,  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness. 

lu'-bri-cous.    Lubric.    Smoothness-Roughness. 

lu'-cent.     Luminous.     Light-Darkness. 

lu'-cid.  Sane;  easily  understood ;  resplendent;  trans- 
lucent. Clearness -Obscurity,  Diaphaneity- 
Opaqueness,  Light-Darkness,  Perspicuity-Ob- 
scurity; lucid  interval,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

lucidus  ordo  [L.]  (lu'-sid-us  or'-do).  Lucid  arrange- 
ment.    Regularity-Irregularity. 

Lu'-ci-fer.     Satan.     Angel-Satan. 

lu'-ci-fer.     A  match.     Combustibility. 

lu-cif'-er-ous.     Giving  light.     Light-Darkness. 

lu-cif'-ic.     Producing  light.     Light- Darkness. 

lu-cid'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  lucid.  Light-Darkness 

lu-cim'-e-ter.     A  photometer.     Optical  Instruments. 

luck.  Chance;  good  fortune.  Purpose-Luck,  Ration- 
ale-Luck, Welfare-Misfortune. 

luck'-less.     Unfortunate.     Welfare-Misfortune. 


LUCKY. 


628 


LUMINARY— SHADE. 


luck'-y.     Fortunate;  auspicious.    Opportuneness-Un- 

SUITABLENESS,       SUCCESS-FAILURE,       WELFARE-MlS- 
FORTUNE. 

lu'-cra-tive.    Highly  profitable.    Gain-Loss. 

lu'-cre.  Money;  profit;  greed.  Affluence-Penury, 
Gain-Loss. 

Lu'-cre"-ti-a.  A  Roman  heroine,  whose  violation  and 
suicide  caused  the  overthrow  of  the  monarchy.  Puri- 
ty-Impurity. 

lucri  causa  [L.]  (lu'-croi  cau'-sa) .  For  the  sake  of  gain. 
Gain-Loss. 

luc-ta'-tion.    Struggle  for  success.    Strife-Peace. 

lu"-cu-bra'-tion.  Close  and  earnest  meditation  or 
study.     Reflection-Vacancy. 

lu'-cu-lent.     Brilliant.     Light-Darkness. 

lucus  a  non  lucendo  [L.]  (lu'-cus  e  non  lu-sen'-do).  A 
grove  (so  named)  because  it  is  not  light;  an  inconse- 
quence.    Likeness-Unlikeness,   Name-Misnomer. 

lud.     Lord.     O  lud  I   Jubilation-Lamentation. 

ludere  cum  sacris  [L.]  (lu'-der-i  cum  s6'-cris) .  To  sport 
with  things  sacred.  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Use- 
Misuse. 

Lud'-dite.  One  of  a  band  in  England  who  forcibly  op- 
posed labor-saving  machines.  Association,  Tyran- 
ny-Anarchy. 

lu-dib'-ri-ous.  Ridiculous.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

lu'-di-crous.     Laughable.     Society-Ludicrousness. 

luff.  To  steer  closer  to  the  wind.  Traveling-Navi- 
gation. 


lug.  To  drag;  the  ear.  Hearing-Deafness,  Push- 
Pull. 

lug'-gage.     Baggage.     Property. 

lug'-ger.     A  small  vessel.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

lu-gu'-bri-ous.  Doleful.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion. 

luke'-warm.  Moderately  warm;  not  ardent;  indiffer- 
ent. Heat-Cold,  Indifference,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

lull.  To  soothe  to  rest;  to  compose;  to  cease.  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Discontinuance-Continuance 
Movement-Rest,  Sound-Silence,  Turbulence- 
Calmness  ;  lull  to  sleep,  Movement-Rest. 

lull'-a-by.  A  cradle-song;  a  berceuse.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Alleviation-Aggravation,  Music,  Poetry- 
Prose,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

lum'-bar.  Pertaining  to  the  loins.  Anatomy,  Ante- 
riority-Posteriority. 

lum'-ber.  To  fill  with  useless  material;  to  impede;  to 
heap  in  disorder;  to  move  heavily.  Obstruction- 
Help,  Regularity-Irregularity,  Store,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness, USEFULNESS-USELESSNESS. 

lum'-ber-ing.  Clumsily  huge.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Propriety-Impropriety. 

lum'-ber-room".  A  chamber  for  useless  articles.  Con- 
tents-Receiver. 

lum-bric'-i-form.  Like  an  earthworm.  Round- 
ness. 

lu'-mi-na-ry.  A  source  of  light;  one  who  enlightens 
mankind.     Luminary-Shade,  Sage-Fool. 


LUMINARY— SHADE. 


Aldebaran.     A  bright  star  of  the  first  magnitude . 

Apollo.     The  god  of  the  sun ;  figuratively,  the  sun. 

Aurora.     The  rising  light  of  the  morning. 

Aurora    borealis.     The    northern    daybreak;    a   luminous   meteoric 

phenomenon,  visible  only  at  night,  and  supposed  to  be  of  electrical 

origin. 
Blazing  star.     A  comet. 
Canicula.     The  Dog  Star;  the  largest  and  brightest  of  the  fixed 

stars. 
Constellation.     A  cluster  or  group  of  fixed  stars. 
Dog  Star.     The  brightest  of  fixed  stars. 
ttoile  du  Nord  [F.].     The  North  Star. 
Fata  morgana  [It.].       A  mirage  by  which  distant  objects  appear 

inverted,  displaced,  or  multiplied. 
Firedrake.     A  fiery  meteor. 
Firefly.     A  luminous  winged  insect. 

Flame,  etc.     A  stream  of  burning  vapor  or  gas.     See  Heat. 
Fork  lightning.     Lightning  which  appears  in  lo»g  narrow  streamers 

with  short  turns  or  angles. 
Friar's  lantern.     The  ignis  fatuus  orwill-o*-the-wisp. 
Galaxy.     The  luminous  tract  or  belt,  which  is  seen  at  night  stretch- 
ing across  the  heavens. 
Glowworm.     A  wingless  insect  which  emits  light. 
Ignis  fatuus    [L.].     A   meteor-like   light  appearing  by  night  .over 

marshy  places. 
Jack  o*  lantern.     An  iqnis  fatuus. 
Light.     The  source  of  illumination.     Hail,  holy  light,  offspring  of 

heaven  first  born,  or  of  the  Eternal  coeternal  beam.  Bright  effluence 

of  bright  essence  increate.     [Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  iii,  i.]      See 

Light. 
Lightning.     A  discharge  of  atmospheric  electricity  accompanied  by 

a  vivid  flash  of  light. 
Luminary.     Any  body  that  gives  light. 

Meteor.     A  transient  luminous  body  seen  in  the  atmosphere. 
Northern  light      The  aurora  borealis. 
Orb.     A  sun,  planet,  or  star. 
Phoebus.     The  sun  god;  the  sun. 

Phosphorescence.      Quality  of  being  luminous  without  sensible  heat. 
Phosphorus.     The  morning  star. 
Scintilla  [L.].     A  spark. 
Sheet  lightning.     A  diffused  glow  of  electric  light  flashing  out  from 

the  clouds,  and  illuminating  their  outlines. 
Sirius.     The  Dog  Star. 

Spark.     A  small  particle  of  fire  or  ignited  substance. 
Star.     One  of  the  innumerable  luminous  bodies  seen  in  the  heavens, 

other  than  the  sun,  moon,  and  comets. 


Shade.     Comparative  obscurity  caused  by  some  intervening  object 

cutting  the  rays  of  light. 
Shadow,  etc.     Shade  within  confined  limits      See  Light-Darkness. 
Umbrage.     Shade. 

Shade — Nouns  of  Agency, 
Awning,  etc.     A  cover  of  canvas  to  shelter  from  the  sun's  rays.     See 

Cover. 
Blind.     Something  used  to  keep  out  light. 
Cloud.     A  collection  of  visible  vapor  suspended  in  the  upper  atmos 

phere ;  anything  that  serves  to  cast  a  shadow. 
Curtain.     A  cloth  screen  intended  to  darken. 
Gathering  of  clouds.     A  collection  of  clouds  which  causes  shade. 
Glade.     A  mantle  or  mask. 

Mist,     Anything  which  dims  or  darkens,  as  a  cloud  of  vapor. 
Parasol.     A  small  umbrella  used  for  protection  against  the  sun's  rays 
Screen.     Anything  that  cuts  off  the  light,  and  darkens. 
Shutter.     A  cover  for  a  window  or  other  aperture. 
Sunshade.     A  screen  to  keep  off  the  sun's  rays. 
Umbrella.     A  shade,  formed  of  silk  or  cloth  stretched  on  elastic  rods 

which  are  fastened  to  a  stick. 
Veil.     A  screen  of  gauze  or  other  diaphanous  material,  to  hide  or 

protect  the  face. 

Shade — Verbs 
Cast  a  shadow,  etc.     To  darken.     See  Light-Darkness. 
Close  a  shutter.     To  pull  shut  a  shutter. 

Draw  a  curtain.     To  cause  a  curtain  to  slide  or  move  so  as  to  obscure. 
Put  up  a  shutter.     To  close  up  with  a  shutter. 
Veil,  etc.     To  obscure  with  a  veil.     See  Nouns. 

Shade — A  djectives. 
Shady.     Overspread  with  shade. 
Umbrageous.     Shady. 


LUMINARY— Continued 

Summer    lightning.     Extensive    flashes    of   electric    light   without 

thunder,  seen  at  the  close  of  a  hot  day. 
Sun.     The  luminous  orb,  the  light  of  which  constitutes  day,  and  its 

absence  night. 
Will-o  -the-wisp.     The  ignis  fatuus. 
Zodiacal  light.     A  luminous  tract  of  the  sky,  lying  near  the  ecliptic. 

Luminary — Artificial  Lights. 

Argand.     A  lamp  producing  a  clear,  strong  light,  named  after  its 

inventor. 


LUMINARY. 


629 


LUSTROUS. 


LUMINARY — Artificial  Lights — Continued. 


Bougie  [F.].     A  wax  candle. 

Brand.     A  burning  piece  of  wood. 

Bull's-eye.  A  lantern,  with  a  thick  glass  lens  on  one  side  for  concen- 
trating the  light  on  any  object. 

Burner.  That  part  of  a  lamp,  gas-fixture,  etc.,  where  the  flame  is 
produced. 

Candelabrum.     A  large  candlestick,  having  several  branches. 

Candle.  A  slender  body  of  tallow,  wax,  etc.,  containing  a  wick  of 
loosely  twisted  threads,  and  used  to  furnish  light. 

Candlestick.   .  An  instrument  for  holding  a  candle. 

Chandelier.  A  candlestick,  lamp-stand,  or  gas-fixture,  having 
several  branches. 

Dark  lantern.  A  lantern  with  an  opening  which  may  be  closed  to 
conceal  the  light. 

Duplex.     A  double  light. 

Electric  light.     A  light  produced  by  an  electric  flash. 

Firework.     A  device  for  producing  a  striking  display  of  light 

Fizgig.     A  kind  of  firework. 

Flambeau  [F.].     A  flaming  torch. 

Gas.  A  complex  mixture  of  marsh  gas,  defiant  gas,  and  hydrogen, 
artificially  produced  by  the  destructive  distillation  of  coal,  etc. 

Gaselier.     A  frame  of  several  gas-burners. 

Gaslight.     The  light  produced  by  burning  gas. 

Girandole  [F.].     A  chandelier. 


Lamp.     A  light-producing  instrument. 

Lantern.     Something  enclosing  a  light  and  protecting  it  from  the 

wind. 
Lanthorn.     A  lantern. 
Lighthouse.     A  building  or  tower  with  a  powerful  light  on  top, 

erected  at  the  entrance  of  a  port  to  serve  as  a  guide  to  ships.     See 

Sign. 
Limelight.     An  intense  light  produced  by  the  incandescence  of  lime 

in  burning  oxygen  and  hydrogen  gases. 
Link.     A  torch  made  of  tow  and  pitch. 

Luster.     A  chandelier  or  candlestick  of  an  ornamental  character. 
Moderator.     A  lamp  in  which  fluid  pressure,  regulated  by  a  pistoa 

and  spring,  serves  to  supply  the  wick  with  oil. 
Oil.     Any  combustible  substance,  like  olive-oil.      Set    Pl.iiness. 

Oiliness. 
Pyrotechnics.     Fireworks. 
Rocket.     An  artificial  firework. 
Rushlight.     A  small  feeble  light. 
Sconce.     The  circular  tube  in  a  candlestick  into  which  the  candle  is 

inserted. 
Taper.     A  small  wax  candle. 

Torch.     A  light  formed  of  some  combustible  substance,  as  of  resin- 
ous wood. 
Wick.     A  loosely  twisted  braided  cord,  used  in  candles  and  oil  lamps. 


Illuminate,  etc.     To  make  light.     See  Light. 


Phosphorescent.     Shining  with  a  faint  light. 
Phosphoric.     Pertaining  to  phosphorus. 


Luminary — Verbs. 


Luminary — Adjectives. 


Radiant,  etc.     Emitting  rays  of  light.     See  Light. 
Self-luminous.     Possessing  the  power  to  emit  light. 


lu"-mi-nif'-er-ous.  Producing  light.  Light  -  Dark- 
ness. 

lu"-mi-nos'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  luminous.  Light- 
Darkness. 

lu'-mi-nous.  Shining;  perspicuous.  Clearness-Ob- 
scurity, Light-Darkness. 

lu'-mi-nous-ness.  The  quality  of  being  full  of  light. 
Light-Darkness. 

lump.  To  heap  indiscriminately;  a  shapeless  mass; 
aggregate;  a  protuberance.  Convexity-Concavity, 
Gathering  -  Scattering,  Greatness  -  Smallness, 
Heaviness-Lightness,  Solidity-Rarity,  Whole- 
Part;  in  the  lump,  Whole-Part;  lump  of  affecta- 
tion, Society-Affectation;  lump  together,  Compo- 
sition-Resolution, Gathering-Scattering, Union- 
Disunion. 

lump'-ish.  Like  a  lump;  inert;  stupid.  Activity-In- 
dolence, Beauty-Ugliness,  Greatness-Little- 
ness, Heaviness-Lightness,  Solidity-Rarity. 

lu'-na-cy.     Mental  unsoundness.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

lu'-nar.  Pertaining  to  the  moon.  Universe;  lunar 
caustic,  Heating-Cooling. 

lu'-na-tic.  Insane;  crazy.  Saneness-Lunacy,  Sane- 
ness-Maniac. 

lunch.     A  light  meal.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

lunch'-eon.     Lunch.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

lune  avec  les  dents,  prendre  la  [F.]  (lun  a-vec'  le  dan', 
pran'dr  la).  To  take  the  moon  by  the  horns,  t.  ?.,to 
attempt  the  impossible.  Might-Impotence,  Possi- 
bility-Impossibility. 

lung.     Organ  of  respiration.     Anatomy. 

lunge.  To  plunge  forward ;  a  long  thrust  with  sword  or 
bayonet.     Attack-Defense,  Impetus-Reaction. 

lungs  Orga»s  for  aerial  respiration ;  a  loud-voiced  fel- 
low Cry-UlulatiO'N,  Loudness-Faintness,  River- 
Wind,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

lu'-ni-form.  Crescent-shaped.  Curvation  -  Recti- 
linearity. 

lu'-nu-lar.  Having  the  form  of  a  small  crescent.  Cur- 
vation-Rectilinearity. 

lu'-nule.  A  crescent-shaped  part  or  marking.  Cur- 
vation-Rectilinearity. 

lu-pa'-nar.     A  brothel.     Purity-Impurity. 


lupus  in  fabula  [L.]  (lu'-pus  in  fab'-yu-la) .  The  wolf  in 
the  story.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

lurch.  A  sudden  swaying  or  rolling  to  one  side;  an 
irregular  swinging  motion;  to  defeat.  Ascent-De- 
scent, Parallelism-Inclination,  Success-Fail- 
ure, Vibration;  leave  in  the  lurch,  Quest-Aban- 
donment, Transcursion-Shortcoming,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud; left  in  the  lurch,  Success-Failure. 

lure.  To  entice;  to  allure.  Motive-Caprice,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

lu'-rid.  Giving  ghastly  or  dull-red  light;  gloomy;  dis- 
mal. Dimness,  Light-Darkness,  Redness-Green- 
ness. 

lurk.  To  lie  hidden;  to  lie  unnoticed.  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Manifestation -Latency,  Visi- 
bility-Invisibility. 

lurk'-ing-place".  A  hiding-place.  Exposure-Hiding- 
place. 

lus'-cious.  Rich,  sweet,  and  delicious.  Palatable- 
ness-Unpalatableness,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Sweetness-Acidity. 

lush.  Fresh  and  luxuriant;  intoxicating  drink.  Ani- 
mality  -  Vegetability,  Sobriety  -  Intemperance, 
Sweetness-Acidity. 

lush'-y.     Tipsy.     Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

lusk.     Lazy.     Activity-Indolence. 

lu'-so-ry.  Pertaining  to  play.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

lust.  Vehement  desire;  concupiscence.  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Purity-Impurity. 

lus'-ter.  Refulgence;  gloss;  renown;  a  branched  can- 
delabrum. Light -Darkness,  Luminary -Shade, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

lust'-ful.     Having  sensual  desire.     Purity-Impurity 

lust'-i-hood.  State  of  being  lusty.  Greatness-Little 
ness,  Strength-Weakness. 

lust'-i-ly.  Strongly;  stoutly.  Loudness-Faintness, 
Toil- Relaxation;  cry  out  lustily,  Jubilation- 
Lamentation. 

lust'-less.     Spiritless.     Might-Impotence. 

lus-tra'-tion.    Act  of  purification  and  expiation.  Atone 

MENT,  CLEANNESS-FlLTHINESS. 

lus'-trous.     Shining.     Light-Darkness. 


LUSTRUM. 


630 


LYSSA. 


lus'-trum.     A  period  of  five  years.     Period-Progress. 

lusf-y.    Able-bodied.    Greatness-Littleness. 

lusus  natures  [L.]  (lu'-sus  na-tiu'-ri) .  A  monstrosity ;  a 
freak  of  nature.  Conventionality-Unconvention- 
ality. 

lute.  A  musical  instrument ;  a  soft  adhesive  mixture. 
Cohesion-Looseness,  Connective,  Musical  In- 
struments. 

lu'-te-ous.  Of  a  golden-yellowish  color.  Yellow- 
ness-Purple. 

Lu'-ther-an.  Pertaining  to  Luther  or  the  Church  found- 
ed by  him.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy 

lux-a'-fion.  Displacement  of  an  organ.  Union-Dis- 
union. 

lux-u'-ri-ance.  Vigorous  growth;  excessive  abundance. 
Enough,  Fertility-Sterility. 

lux-u'-ri-ant.  Abundant  or  superabundant  in  growth. 
Enough,  Fertility-Sterility. 

lux-ur'-i-ate.  To  take  inordinate  pleasure.  Luxuriate 
in,  Pleasure-Pain,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

lux-u'-ri-ous.  Pertaining  to  luxury ;  supplied  with  lux- 
uries. Moderation- Voluptuary,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Sensuality-Sufpering. 

lux-u'-ri-ous-ness.  State  of  being  luxurious.  Mod- 
eration-Selfindulgence. 

lux'-u-ry.  Free  indulgence  in  pleasures;  voluptuous- 
ness; any  article  that  ministers  to  pleasure;  a  dainty. 
Excess-Lack,  Moderation-Voluptuary,  Pleas- 
ure-Pain, Sensuality-Suffering. 

ly-can'-thrope.  One  afflicted  with  lycanthropy.  Jove- 
Fiend. 

ly-can'-thro-py.  A  mania  in  which  a  person  imagines 
himself  to  be  a  wolf.     Saneness-Lunacy. 


Ly-ce'-um.  The  grove  in  which  Aristotle  taught;  a 
school;  a  literary  association.     School. 

Lyd-ford  law.  Better  Lidford  law;  punishment  with- 
out trial.     Law-Lawlessness. 

Lyd'-i-an  mea'-sure.  A  kind  of  soft,  slow  music  of  an- 
cient time.     Music. 

ly'-ing.  Prostrate;  mendacious;  false;  untruthfulness. 
Erectness-Flatness,  Truthfulness-Falsehood, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

Ly-king'.  The  Le-king,  the  book  of  rites,  the  founda- 
tion of  Chinese  manners.  Revelation-Pseudo- 
revelation. 

lymph.  A  transparent,  colorless,  alkaline  fluid  of  the 
body.  Diaphaneity -Opaqueness,  Liquid -Gas, 
Water-Air. 

lym-phaf-ic.  Pertaining  to  lymph;  absoibent.  Wa- 
ter-Air. 

lynch.  To  punish  by  lynch-law.  Recompense-Puni- 
tion;  lynch  law,  Law -Lawlessness,  Rule -Li- 
cense. 

lynch'-law".  Punishment  without  trial.  Tyranny- 
Anarchy. 

lynx'-eyed".  Keen-sighted.  Sagacity-Incapacity, 
Sight-Blindness. 

lyre.  A  stringed  musical  instrument.  Musical  In- 
struments, Poetry-Prose. 

lyr'-ic.  Musical  and  emotional.  Music;  lyric  poetry, 
Poetry-Prose. 

lyr'-ic-al.  Fitted  to  be  sung  to  the  lyre.  Poetry- 
Prose. 

lyr'-ist.     A  lyric  poet.     Poetry-Prose. 

lys'-sa.    Hydrophobia.     Health-Sickness. 


MA. 


631 


MAGNA  CHARTA. 


M 


ma.     Mother.     Parentage-Progeny. 

Mab.     Queen  of  the  fairies.     Jove-Fibnd. 

mac-aJ'-am-ize.  To  pave  with  broken  stones.  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness. 

Ma"-caire',  Ro"-bert'.     A  criminal.     Robber. 

mac"-a-ro'-ni.     A  fop.     Society-Dandy. 

mac"-a-ron'-ic.  Confused;  burlesque.  Adage-Non- 
sense, Poetry-Prose. 

mac"-a-ron'-ics.  A  jumble  of  words.  Language, 
Poetry-Prose. 

mace.    A  war-club ;  a  staff  of  office.    Scepter,  Weapon. 

mace'-bear"-er.     An  officer.     Judicature. 

mac'-er-ate.    Reduce  to  a  pulp.    Water-Air. 

mac"-er-a'-tion.  Softening  in  a  liquid;  making  lean; 
mortification.  Atonement,  Austerity,  Ceremo- 
nial, Water-Air. 

Mac-heath'.     A  highwayman.     Robber. 

Ma"-chi-a-vel'-li.     Florentine  statesman.     Craft-Art- 

LESSNESS. 

Mach"-i-a-vel'-lian.  Crafty.  Craft-Artlessness,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

Mach"-i-a-vel'-lism.  Political  artifice.  Craft-Art- 
lessness, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

mach"-i-co-la'-ted.     Defended.     Attack-Defense. 

mach"-i-co-la'-tion.  An  opening  between  a  wall  and 
parapet;  defenses.  Architecture,  Attack-De- 
fense. Indentation. 

mach"-i-na'-tion.  The  making  of  a  secret  plan.  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Design;  machinations  of  the  devil, 
Good-Evil. 

mach'-i-na"-tor.    A  maker  of  secret  plans.    Design. 

ma-chine'.  A  mechanical  contrivance.  Instrument; 
be  a  mere  machine,  Liberty-Subjection. 

ma-chin'-er-y.  A  complex  system  of  appliances.  In- 
strument. 

ma-chin'-ist.  A  constructor  of  machines;  a  shifter  of 
scenes.     Acting,  Agent. 

mac'-i-len-cy.     Leanness.     Breadth-Narrowness. 

mac'-i-lent.     Lean.     Breadth-Narrowness. 

mack'-er-el.  A  pimp;  variegated.  Purity-Rake, 
Variegation;  mackerel  sky,  Variegation,  Vis- 
cidity-Foam. 

mack'-in-tosh.  A  water-proof  garment.  Dress-Un- 
dress. 

mac"-ro-bi-ot'-ic.  Pertaining  to  long  life.  Lasting- 
ness-Transientness. 

mac'-ro-cosm.    The  great  world.    Universe. 

mac-rol'-o-gy.  Superfluity  of  words.  Simplicity- 
Floridness. 

Mac-syc'-o-phant,  Sir  PerMi-nax.  A  worldly  man  in 
Macklin's  Man  of  tlte  World.  Flatterer-Defamer, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

mac-ta'-tion.  The  killing  of  a  sacrif.cial  vict:jn.  Devo- 
tion-Idolatry. 

tnacte  virtute  [L.]  (mac'-ti  vir-tiu'-tr  Proceed  in 
virtue.    Approval-Disapproval. 

mac'-u-la.  A  blotch.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

mac'-u-late.     To  spot.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

mac"-u-la'-tion.  A  making  spotted;  a  blemish.  Em- 
bellishment-Disfigurement, Variegation. 

mad.  Insane;  angry.  Excitation,  Saneness-Lunacy; 
drive  one  mad,  Favorite-Anger.  Saneness-Lunacy; 

?o  mad,  Excit^bility-Inexcitability:  mad  after, 
)esire-Distaste;  mad  as  a  March  hare,  Saneness- 
Lunacy;  mad  with  rage,  Favorite-Anger. 


mad'-am.     My  lady.     Male-Female. 

mad'-brained".  Mentally  disordered.  Saneness- 
Lunacy. 

mad '-cap".  Reckless;  given  to  wild  follies;  a  rash 
person.  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Reckless- 
ness-Caution, Sanenbss-Maniac,  Turbulencb- 
Calmness,  Wag. 

mad'-den.  Incense.  Favorite-Anger,  Saneness- 
Lunacy. 

mad'-dened.     Incensed.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

mad'-der.     A  dyeing  plant.     Redness-Greenness. 

made.  Produced.  Nature-Art;  made  man,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune; made  to  one's  hand,  Prepara- 

TION-NONPREPARATION. 

mad"-e-fac'-tion.     A  making  moist.     Dampness-Dry- 

NESS. 

mad'-man.  A  lunatic.  Favorite-Anger,  Saneness- 
Maniac. 

mad'-ness.     Dementia.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

Ma-don'-na.  The  Virgin  Mary.  Angel-Satan.  God- 
liness-Ungodliness. 

mad'-ri-gal.  A  shepherd's  song.  Music,  Poetry- 
Prose. 

Mael'-strom.  A  famous  whirlpool.  Refuge-Pitfall, 
Revolution-Evolution,  River-Wind. 

maestro  [It.]   (ma-es'-tro) .    A  master  in  music.    Music. 

mag"-a-zine'.  A  warehouse;  a  periodical.  Mark- 
Obliteration,  Missive-Publication.  Store. 

Mag'-da-len.  A  woman,  mentioned  by  Luke.  Re- 
pentance-Obduracy. 

mage.     A  magician.     Devotion-Magician 

ma-gen'-ta.     A  color.     Redness-Greenness. 

mag'-got.  A  whim;  a  worm.  Bigotry-Whim,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Fancy,  Greatness-Littleness;  have  a 
maggot  in  the  brain,  Persistence-Whim. 

mag'-got-y.  Full  of  maggots;  capricious.  Cleanness- 
Uncleanness,  Persistence-Whim;  maggoty-headed, 
Excitability  -  Inexcitability,  Sagacity  -  Inca- 
pacity. 

Ma'-gi.  The  learned  caste  of  the  Medes  and  Persians. 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Sage-Fool. 

magMc.  Sorcery.  Devotion-Magic:  magic  lantern, 
Appearance  -  Disappearance,  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Optical  Instruments. 

ma-gi'-cian.     Sorcerer.     Devotion-Magician. 

ma-gilp'.  An  oil  compound  used  as  a  vehicle  for 
colors.     Pulpiness-Rosin. 

magister  ceremoniarum  [L.]  (ma-jis'-ter  ser"-i-mo-ni- 
e'-rum).    Master  of  ceremonies.    Solemnization. 

mag"-is-te'-ri-al.  Pertaining  to  a  magistrate.  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness, Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness. 

mag'-is-ter-y.     A  precipitate.     Friability. 

mag'-is-tra-cy.  The  office  of  a  magistrate.  Judi- 
cature, Rule-License. 

mag'-is-trate.  An  officer.  Chief-Underling,  Judge, 
President-Member. 

mag'-is-tra-ture.     Government.     Rule-License. 

magistri,  jurare  in  verba  [L.]  (ma-jis'-troi,  jiu-re'-ri  in 

ver'-ba).     To   swear  with   the  words  of  a  master. 

Decision-Misjudgment. 

magistri,  nullius  jurare  in  verba  [L.]  (ma-jis'-trai,  nul'- 

h'-us  jiu-r£'-ri   in   ver'-ba).       Not  to  swear  in   the 

words  of  any  master.     Credulousness-Skepticism. 

mag'-ma.    A  crude  mixture.    Mixture-Homogeneity. 

Mag'-na  Char'-ta.    A  great  English  charter.    Contract. 


MAGNA. 


632 


MAGNITUDE— SMALLNESS. 


magna  pars  fin  quorum  [L.]  (mag'-na  pars  fiu'-ai, 
quo'-rum).    Of  which  I  was  a  great  part.     Agent. 

mag"-na-nim'-i-ty.  Greatness  of  mind.  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness. 

mag-nan'-i-mous.  Generous.  Unselfishness-Self- 
ishness. 

mag'-nate.  A  noble;  rich  person.  Gentility-Com- 
monalty, Labor-Capital. 

mag'-net.  The  loadstone;  an  attractive  person.  At- 
traction-Repulsion, Chemistry,  Desire-Distaste. 

mag-net'-ic.  Pertaining  to  a  magnet.  Magnetic  flux, 
Electricity;  magnetic forco,  Motive-Caprice;  mag- 
netic whirls,  Electricity. 

mag'-net-ism.  Power  of  attraction.  Attraction-Re- 
pulsion, Electricity,  Might-Impotence,  Motive- 
Caprice;  animal  magnetism,  Devotion-Magic. 

mag"-net-i-za'-tion.  Act  of  magnetizing.  Elec- 
tricity. 

mag'-net-ize.  To  influence.  Devotion-Magic,  Domi- 
nance-Impotence, Motive-Caprice. 

magni  nominis  umbra  [L.]  (mag'-nai  nom'-i-nis  um'- 
bra).    The  shadow  of  a  great  name.     Betterment- 


Deterioration,  Gentility-Commonalty,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit. 

mag-nif'-i-cence.    Splendor.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Pomp. 

mag-nif'-i-cent.  Majestic;  grand.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Greatness-Littleness,  Pomp. 

mag-nif'-i-co.  A  Venetian  noble.  Gentility-Com- 
monalty. 

mag'-ni-fi"-er.  That  which  magnifies.  Optical  In- 
struments. 

magnifique  et  pas  cher  [F.]  (ma-nyi-fik'  6  pa  sher). 
Splendid  and  not  dear.     Costliness-Cheapness. 

mag'-ni-fy.  To  make  great;  to  extol.  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Devotion-Idolatry,  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Gull- Hyperbole,  Increase- De- 
crease,    Overvaluation-Undervaluation. 

mag-nil'-c-quence.     Bombastic  style.     Bragging. 

mag-nil '-o-quent.  Of  pompous  style;  vainglorious. 
Bragging,  Simplicity-Floridness. 

mag'-ni-tude.  Great  size  or  extent.  Greatness- 
Littleness,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Quantity- 
Measure. 


MAGNITUDE— SMALLNESS. 


Abundance.     An  overflowing  fulness ;  great  plenty. 

Best  part.     The  greater  part  of  anything. 

Bulk.     Magnitude  of  material  substance. 

Chief  part.     The  greater  part  of  anything. 

Deal.     An  indefinite  quantity,  degree,  or  extent. 

Enormity.     The  quality  or  state  of  exceeding  a  measure  or  rule. 

Essential  part.     That  part  which  is  indispensable. 

Fulness.     The  state  of  being  full. 

Greater  part.     The  larger  portion . 

Greatness.     The  state  of  being  great.     See  Adjectives. 

Immensity.     Unlimited  or  immeasurable  extension. 

Importance.  Quality  or  state  of  being  important.  See  Conse- 
quence. 

Infinity.  The  state  of  being  so  great  as  to  have  no  bounds.  See  In- 
finity. 

Intensity.     The  degree  of  force. 

Magnitude.     Extent  of  dimensions. 

Majo/partj  The  ^^  part  of  anythinS- 

Mass.     The  principal  part  of  anything. 

Might.     Greatness  of  strength  or  resources. 

Multitude.     A  great  number  of  persons  or  things.     See  Multitude 

Power.     Greatness  of  strength . 

Principal  part.     The  greater  part  of  anything. 

Quantity.     A  large  portion,  bulk,  or  sum. 

Sight.     A  great  number,  quantity,  or  sum. 

Size.     Comparative  greatness.     See  Greatness. 

Strength.     Greatness  of  physical  power 

Volume.     Space  occupied,  as  measured  by  cubic  units. 

World.     A  large  quantity. 

Magnitude — Nouns  of  Measure,  etc. 
Bushel.     A  measure  of  capacity  equal  to  four  pecks. 
Cargo.     The  lading  or  freight  of  a  ship  or  other  vessel. 
Cart-load.     As  much  as  will  fill  a  cart. 
Flood.     A  great  mass  of  water;  a  great  mass  of  anything. 
Heap.     A  large  quantity  of  things  not  placed  in  a  pile. 
Kiloliter.     A  measure  of  a  thousand  liters. 
Load.     As  much  as  can  be  carried. 
Peck.     A  measure  of  capacity  containing  eight  quarts. 
Pot.     As  much  as  will  fill  a  pot. 
Ship-load.     As  much  as  a  ship  can  carry. 

Spring  tide.    The  high  tide  which  occurs  after  the  new  and  full  moon. 
Stock.     The  amount  of  anything  on  hand. 
Wagon-load.     As  much  as  will  fill  a  wagon. 

Magnitude — Verbs. 
Be  great.     To  be  large . 
Carry  to  a  great  height.     To  make  high. 
Enlarge .     To  make  greater . 
Know  no  bounds.     To  be  infinitely  great. 
Rise  to  a  great  height.     To  become  large. 
Run  high.     To  cost  a  great  deal . 

Soar.     To  float  through  the  air  at  a  great  distance  above  the  earth. 
Tower.     To  rise  to  a  great  height. 
Transcend.     To  be  greater  in  degree. 


Fewness.     Smallness  of  number.     See  Multiplicity-Paucity. 

Finiteness.  The  state  of  being  limited  in  quantity,  degree,  or 
capacity. 

Hardly  anything.     A  scarcely  noticeable  quantity. 

Insignificance.  Quality  of  being  small  or  unimportant.  See  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance. 

Just  enough  to  swear  by.     No  more  than  a  noticeable  quantity. 

Littleness.     State  of  being  small.     See  Greatness-Littleness. 

Meanness.     State  of  being  small  or  of  little  value. 

Mediocrity.     A  moderate  degree  or  rate. 

Moderation.     State  of  being  within  reasonable  limits. 

Next  to  nothing.     A  quantity  hardly  noticeable. 

Paucity.     Smallness  of  number. 

Smallness.     State  of  being  of  little  size. 

Tenuity.     Slenderness  or  thinness. 

Smallness — Denotations. 

Ace..    A  very  small  quantity  or  degree. 

Animalcule.     An  animal  invisible,  or  nearly  so. 

Atom.     The  smallest  particle  of  matter. 

Bit.     A  smart  piece  of  anything. 

Cantlet.  ,  A  piece  or  fragment. 

Capful.     As  much  as  a  cap  will  hold. 

Cast.     A  looking  for  a  short  time ;  a  glance. 

Chip.     A  fragment  or  piece  broken  off. 

Chipping.     A  fragment. 

Clipping.     A  piece  separated  by  clipping. 

Corpuscle.    A  minute  particle;  especially,  a  protoplasmic  animal  cell 

in  the  blood 
Crumb.     A  small  fragment  or  piece;    especially,  a  small  piece  of 

bread. 
Dash.     A  slight  admixture  or  infusion. 
Details.     Minute  portions. 
Dole.     A  scanty  share  or  allowance. 
Dot.     Anything  small  like  a  speck. 
Driblet.     A  small  piece  or  part. 

Drop.     The  quantity  of  fluid  which  falls  in  one  small  spherical  mass. 
Drop  in  the  ocean.     A  comparatively  small  portion. 
Droplet.     A  little  drop. 
Finite  quantity.     A  limited  quantity. 
Flinders.     Small  pieces  or  splinters. 
Flitter.     A  rag;  a  small  piece  or  fragment. 

Fraction.     A  portion;  a  fragment.     See  Plurality-Fraction; 
Fragment.     A  part  broken  off. 
Fritter.     A  small  piece. 
Gleam.     A  small  stream  of  light. 
Globule.     A  small  particle  of  a  circular  form. 
Gobbet.     A  mouthful. 
Grain.     A  small,  hard  particle. 
Granule.     A  little  grain. 

Hair.     A  very  fine  filament  growing  from  the  skin. 
Handful.     As  much  as  can  be  held  in  the  hand. 
Idea.     A  fictitious  object  or  picture  created  by  the  imagination. 
Inch.     A  small  distance  or  degree. 
Iota.     A  very  small  quantity  or  degree. 
Jot.     The  smallest  particle. 


MAGNITUDE. 


633 


MAGNITUDE— SMALLNESS. 


MAGNITUDE — SMALLNESS— Continued. 


Magnitude — Adjectives. 
Above  par.     Of  greater  value  than  the  face. 
Absolute.     Great  without  limitation. 
Abundant.     Of  great  frequency  in  occurrence. 
Ample .     Of  great  dimensions . 
Arch.     Preeminently  great. 
Arrant.     Great  in  doing  evil. 
Astonishing.     Wonderfully  great. 
At  its  height.     At  the  point  of  greatest  importance. 
Beyond  expression.     Too  great  for  words . 
Big.     Great  in  size. 
Complete.     Of  entire  extent. 
Considerable.     Worthy  of  regard  as  being  great. 
Consummate.     Perfectly  great. 
Crass.     Coarse. 

Decided.     Great  without  uncertainty. 
Deep.     Great  in  depth. 
Desperate.     Without  hope. 
Enormous.     Excessive  in  size. 
Essential.     Absolutely  requisite. 
Excessive.     Too  great. 
Exorbitant.     Too  great  in  price. 
Extensive.     Of  large  dimensions. 
Extraordinary.     Out  of  the  common  order. 
Extravagant.     Beyond  bounds  or  limits. 
Extreme.     The  highest  degree  of  anything. 
Fabulous.     Exceedingly  great. 
Fair.     Moderately  great. 
Far  gone.     Advanced. 

Finished.     Having  reached  its  largest  extent. 
Flagrant.     Notoriously  bad. 
Full.     Complete  in  measure. 
Glaring.     Plainly  evident. 
Goodly.     Great  in  proportion  or  numbers. 
Grave.     Of  great  importance. 
Great.     Of  considerable  degree. 
Greater.     Larger  than. 
Gross.     Very  large;  coarse. 
Heavy.     Of  great  weight. 
High.     Of  great  height. 
Huge.     Having  great  bulk. 
Immense.     Very  great  in  extent. 
Important.     Of  great  consequence.  ..... 

Incredible.     Too  greatly  improbable  to  admit  of  belief. 

Indescribable.     That  cannot  be  represented  in  words. 

Ineffable.     Too  good  to  be  represented  in  words. 

Inexpressible.     Not  to  be  expressed . 

Inordinate.     Great  beyond  the  prescr'bed  bounds. 

Intense.     Very  great  in  degree. 

In  the  zenith.     At  the  culminating  point  of  greatness. 

Large.     Great  in  size. 

Many.     Constituting  a  great  number. 

Marked.     Distinguished  for  greatness. 

Marvelous.     Inspiring  wonder. 

Mighty.     Having  great  power. 

Monstrous.     Varying  greatly  from  the  natural. 

Noble.     Distinguished  for  good  qualities. 

Noteworthy.     Deserving  attention. 

Of  mark.     Of  great  distinction . 

Outrageous.     Great  to  excess. 

Overgrown.     Developed  beyond  the  normal. 

Passing.     Greater  than . 

Perfect.     Complete  in  all  parts.  • 

Plenary.     Complete  in  all  requisites. 

Pointed.     Direct. 

Positive.     Inherent  in  a  thing  by  itself . 

Precious.     Of  great  value. 

Preposterous      Not  admitting  of  the  slightest  belief. 

Prodigious.     Great  beyond  all  usual  limits. 

Profound.     Of  great  intellectual  depth . 

Rank.     Strong  in  a  bad  sense. 

Red-hot.     Intense  in  a  degree  beyond  the  usual. 

Remarkable.     So  much  out  of  the  usual  as  to  demand  attention. 

Roaring.     Large  and  noisy . 

Sad.     Afflicted  by  grief 

Serious.     Of  great  importance  because  of  attendant  danger. 

Signal.     Large. 

Sound.     Strong;  complete. 

Stark.     Complete. 

Starkstaring.     Complete ;  sheer. 

Strong.     Having  great  physical  power. 

Stupendous.     So  great  as  to  overcome  the  senses  with  astonishment. 


SMALLNESS — Denotations — Continued. 

Look.     A  glance. 

Material  part.     Essential  part ;  an  atom. 

Material  point.     Essential  point;  minimum sensibiU. 

^trinf8^  Ismail  portion. 

Minim.     Anything  very  minute. 

Minimum.     The  least  quantity  possible. 

Minutiae.     Minute  particles. 

Mite.     Anything  very  small. 

Modicum.     A  small  quantity. 

Molecule.     The  smallest  part  of  a  substance  which  possesses  th* 

characteristic  properties. 
Morsel.     A  little  bite  of  food. 
Mote.     A  small  particle,  as  of  floating  dust. 
Mouthful.     As  much  as  the  mouth  will  hold. 
Nutshell.     As  much  as  can  be  contained  in  a  nutshell 
Paring.     That  which  is  pared  off. 
Particle.     A  minute  portion  of  matter. 
Patch.     A  small  piece  of  anything  used  to  repair  a  breach. 
Point.     A  dot  or  mark. 
Rag.     A  piece  of  cloth  torn  off. 
Scantling.     A  little  piece. 
Scintilla.     A  spark. 
Scrag.     Something  thin  or  lean. 
Scrap.     Something  scraped  off. 
Seed.     The  small,  ripened  ovule  of  plants. 
Shade.     A  minute  difference  or  variation. 
Shadow.     A  small  degree. 
Shaving.     That  which  is  shaved  off. 
Shive.     A  thin  piece  or  fragment. 

Shiver.     One  of  the  small  pieces  into  which  a  brittle  thing  is  broken. 
Shred.     A  long,  narrow  piece  cut  or  torn  off. 
Sip.     A  small  draft  taken  with  the  lips. 
Slip.     A  slender  piece. 
Sliver.     A  sharp,  slender  fragment. 
Smack.     A  small  quantity,  a  taste. 
Small  quantity.     A  small  portion. 
Snack.     A  slight,  hasty  repast. 
Snatch.     A  small  piece  or  fragment. 
Snick.     A  small  cut  or  mark. 
Snip.     A  bit  cut  off. 
Snippet.     A  small  part  or  piece. 
Sop.     A  thing  of  little  or  no  value. 
Soupcon  [F.].     A  suspicion;  hence,  a  very  small  quantity. 

Spark.     A  small  particle  of  fire  or  ignited  substance. 

Speck.     A  very  small  thing. 

Spice.     A  small  quantity  or  admixture. 

Splinter.     A  thin  piece  split  or  rent  off  lengthwise. 

Spoonful.     As  much  as  a  spoon  will  hold. 

Sprinkling.     A  small  quantity  falling  in  distinct  drops  or  particles. 

Sup.     A  small  mouthful. 

Tag.     Any  slight  appendage. 

Tatter.     A  part  torn  and  hanging. 

The  shadow  of  a  shade.     The  very  slightest  particle. 

Thimbleful.     As  much  as  a  thimble  will  hold. 

Thought.     A  small  degree  or  quantity. 

Tincture.     A  slight  quality  added  to  anything. 

Tinge.     A  slight  degree  of  color,  taste,  etc. 

Tittle.     A  minute  part. 

Touch.     A  small  quantity  intermixed. 

Trifle.     A  thing  of  very  little  value  or  importance. 

Vanishing  point.     The  point  to  which  all  parallel  lines  in  the  sam« 
plane  tend. 

Whit.     The  smallest  particle  imaginable. 

Smallness — Verbs. 

Be  small,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Diminish,  etc.     To  grow  smaller.     See  Increase-Decrease;    En- 
largement-Diminution. 
Lie  in  a  nutshell.     To  be  in  a  small  compass. 
Smallness — A  djectives. 

At  a  low  ebb.     Small  in  degree. 

Bare.     Not  more  than  just  sufficient. 

Below  par.     Of  smaller  value  than  the  face. 

Below  the  mark.     Smaller  than  the  average. 

Diminutive.     Of  relatively  small  size.     See  Greatness-Littlbnbss. 

Evanescent.     Small  to  the  point  of  passing  away. 

Faint.     Slight. 

Few.     Small  in  number*. 


MAGNITUDE. 


634 


MAGNITUDE— SMALLNESS. 


MAGNITUDE— SMALLNES&— Continued. 


MAGNITUDE— Adjectives— Continued. 

Swinging.     Free. 

Thoroughgoing.     Efficient  in  everything. 

Thorough-paced.     Trained  to  perfection ,  as  a  race-horse. 

Thumping.     Heavy;  large. 

Towering.      Rising  higher. 

Unabated.     Not  diminished  in  strength. 

Unapproachable.     Thoroughly  inaccessible. 

Unconscionable.      Not  influenced  by  mental  restraint. 

Undiminished.     Not  decreased  in  size. 

Unequivocal.     Not  admitting  of  doubt. 

Unlimited.      Having  no  bounds. 

Unmitigated.     Not  lessened  in  severity. 

Unreduced.     Not  lessened  in  size  or  amount. 

Unrestricted.     Not  limited  by  the  usual  bounds. 

Unspeakable.     That  cannot  be  expressed  in  words. 

Unsuitable.     Not  fitting. 

Unsurpassed.     Unexcelled. 

Unutterable.     Such  that  it  cannot  be  expressed  in  words. 

Utter.     Complete;  entire. 

Uttermost.     That  beyond  which  there  is  nothing. 

Vast.     Immeasurably  great. 

Veriest.     In  the  most  eminent  degree. 

Wholesale.      Done  on  a  large  scale. 

Wide-spread.     Extended  over  a  great  area. 

World-wide.     Of  universal  importance. 

Magnitude — Adverbs. 

Absolutely.     Without  exception. 

Abundantly.     In  a  plentiful  degree 

Acutely.     With  a  keen  perception. 

A  deal.     Much. 

Amazingly.     In  a  manner  momentarily  overwhelming  the  intellect. 

A  outrance  [P.].     To  the  utmost. 

Astonishingly.     In  a  manner  affecting  the  emotions  powerfully. 

A  toute  outrance  [F.].     To  the  uttermost. 

Awfully.     Excessively. 

Beyond  all  bounds.     Without  any  limit- 

Beyond  compare.      -j  j        manner  too  high  for  an  estimate  relative 

Beyond  comparison.  V         anytningelse. 

Beyond  measure.      ) 

Bitterly.     Painfully. 

By  wholesale.     On  a  very  large  scale. 

Chiefly.     For  the  most  part. 

Confoundedly.     Greatly;  in  a  detestable  manner. 

Cruelly.     Extremely. 

Curiously.     In  a  singular  manner. 

Decidedly.     Without  doubt. 

Desperately.     Hopelessly. 

Deucedly.     Excessively. 

Devilishly.     Maliciously. 

Downrightly.     Openly;  plainly. 

Dreadfully.     Excessively. 

Egregiously.     Remarkably. 

Emphatically.     Forcibly. 

Enormously.     In  a  huge  degree. 

Enough.     In  a  tolerable  degree. 

Entirely.     Completely. 

Essentially.     In  an  important  degree. 

Ever  so.  f  To  a  great  extent. 

Ever  so  much.  J 

Exceedingly.     Beyond  an  ordinary  degree. 

Excessively.     Greatly. 

Exorbitantly.     Enormously. 

Exquisitely.     In  a  delicately  beautiful  manner. 

Extravagantly.     In  a  manner  running  far  beyond  the  natural  bounds. 

Extremely.     Very  greatly. 

Famously.     In  a  distinguished  manner. 

Far  and  wide.     Universally. 

Fearfully.     In  a  fearful  manner. 

For  the  most  part.     Especially. 

Frightfully.     Exciting  alarm. 

Furiously.     In  a  raging  manner. 

Fundamentally.     Primarily. 

Glaringly.     In  a  conspicuous  and  self-evident  n 

Greatly.     Extremely ;  very  much. 

Grievously.     Painfully. 

Grossly.     In  a  great  and  coarse  degree. 

Horribly .     Dreadfully. 

Immeasurably.     Immensely. 

Immoderately.     Unrestrainedly. 


SMALLNESS— Adjectives— Continued. 

Half-way.     Intermediate. 

Homeopathic.     Extremely  small  in  quantity. 

Inappreciable.     Too  small  to  be  estimated. 

Inconsiderable.     Too  small  to  be  worthy  of  notice. 

Infinitesimal.     Infinitely  small. 

Light.     Small  in  weight. 

Limited.     Bounded  within  small  limits. 

Little.     Below  the  ordinary  size. 

Low.     Small  in  height. 

Meager.     Small  in  fulness. 

Mere.     Such  and  no  more. 

Middling.     Neither  small  nor  large. 

Minute.     Exceedingly  small. 

Moderate.     Fairly  small. 

Modest.     Not  unduly  large. 

Near  ruin.     Almost  destroyed. 

No  great  shakes.     Of  little  consequence. 

Paltry.     Of  little  worth.     See  Consequence-Insignificancb; 

Scant.     Scarcely  enough. 

Scanty.     Small  in  quantity. 

Sheer.     Having  no  modifying  conditions. 

Simple.     Too  small  for  consideration. 

Slender.     Small  in  diameter. 

Slight.     Of  small  significance. 

Small.     Having  little  size. 

So-so.     Paltry. 

Sparing.     Scarce. 

Stark.     Utterly. 

Subtle.     Nicely  discriminating. 

Tender.     Lacking  strength. 

Tolerable.     Moderately  good. 

Under  par.     See  Below  par. 

Under  the  mark.     See  Below  the  mare. 

Very  small.     Very  much  less  than  the  standard. 

Smallness — Adverbs. 

About.     Approximately. 

After  a  fashion.     To  some  degree. 

A  little.     Not  much. 

All  but.     Not  quite. 

Almost.     Very  nearly. 

As  little  as  may  be.     The  least  possible. 

At  least.         1 

a!m°?'   a      I  At  any  rate. 
At  no  hand. 

At  the  least.  J 

At  most.     At  the  furthest. 

A  wee  bit.     Just  a  little. 

Barely.     By  a  little. 

Be  the  same  more  or  less.     At  any  rate. 

By  no  manner  of  means.     In  no  wise  at  all. 

By  no  means.     Certainly  not. 

Close  upon.     Hard  by. 

Comparatively.     According  to  estimate  mad«  by  comparison. 

Ever  so  little.     To  a  very  small  extent. 

Faintly.     In  a  weak  manner. 

Hardly.     Not  quite. 

Imperceptibly.     So  as  not  to  be  noticed. 

Imperfectly.     Not  completely. 

In  a  certain  degree.     To  some  extent. 

In  a  manner.     In  a  sense. 

In  ever  so  small  a  degree.     Slightly. 

In  no  respect.     Not  at  all. 

In  no  wise.     In  no  manner. 

In  part.     To  some  degree. 

In  some  degree.     Not  perfectly. 

In  some  measure.     Very  slightly. 

Insufficiently.     In  an  inadequate  manner. 

Merely.     Barely. 

Miserably.     Unhappily. 

Nearly.     Closely  approaching. 

Near  the  mark.     Nearly  up  to  the  standard. 

Near  upon.     At  no  great  distance  from. 

No  more  than.     To  a  particular  extent,  degree,  etc 

Not  a  bit.     Not  the  least. 

Not  a  bit  of  it.     Not  at  all. 

Not  a  jot. 

Not  a  shadow,  i 

Ifot  at  aU.  ^  Not  the  least. 

Hot  a  whit. 


MAGNITUDE. 


635 


MAIN. 


MAGNITUDE— SMALLNESS— Continued. 


MAGNITUDE— Adverbs— Continued. 


}  Largely. 


In  a  great  degree. 

In  a  great  measure. 

In  all  conscience.     Reasonably. 

Incalculably.     In  a  degree  beyond  all  calculation 

Incredibly.     In  a  manner  impossible  to  be  believed. 

Indeed.     In  fact. 

Indefinitely.     Without  a  fixed  time  limit. 

Infinitely.     Without  any  limits. 

Inordinately.     In  a  manner  passing  fit  limits. 

Intensely.     To  a  very  great  degree . 

In  the  extreme.     At  the  point  of  greatest  distress. 

In  the  main.     Mostly. 

Kat'exochcn  [Gr.].     Preeminently. 

Lamentably.     Causing  grief. 

Mainly.     Principally. 

Marvelously.     In  a  manner  exciting  wonder  and  surprise. 

Mighty.     Exceedingly. 

Miserably.     Causing  misery. 

Monstrously.     Exceedingly. 

Most.     In  the  highest  degree. 

Muckie.lInaKreatdegree- 

.Never  so.     True  at  no  time. 

No  end  of.     In  a  manner  continued  indefinitely. 

Notably.     Markedly. 

Not  a  little.     A  good  deal. 

On  a  large  scale.     Widely. 

Out  of  all  proportion.     Unusually. 

Painfully.     Distressingly. 

Particularly.     With  specific  reference. 

Peculiarly.     In  a  manner  not  common  to  others. 

Piteously.     Causing  pity. 

Pointedly.     With  explicitness. 

Powerfully.     With  great  force. 

Preeminently.     With  superiority  or  distinction  above  others. 

Preposterously.     In  an  eminently  absurd  manner. 

Pretty.     Rather. 

Pretty  well.     Satisfactorily. 

Prominently.     Conspicuously. 

Purely.     Merely. 

Radically.     Essentially . 

Remarkably.     In  a  manner  worthy  of  notice. 

Richly.     Strongly. 

Sadly.     Grievously. 

Seriously.     Gravely. 

Severely.     Strictly. 

Shockingly.     Dreadfully. 

Signally.     In  an  eminent  manner. 

Singularly.     In  a  manner  not  common  to  others. 

So.     In  such  a  manner. 

Sorely.     Greatly. 

Strangely.     In  an  unusual  manner. 

Strikingly.     Forcibly. 

Stupendously.     In  a  great  and  wonderful  manner. 

Superlatively.     In  the  utmost  degree. 

Surprisingly.     Causing  surprise. 

Terribly.     Causing  terror. 

To  a  gigantic  extent.     Stupendously. 


SMALLNESS— Adverbs— Continued. 

Not  in  the  least.     By  no  means. 

Not  quite.     Not  entirely. 

No  ways.     On  no  account. 

No  wise.     In  no  manner. 

On  a  small  scale.     Slightly 

Only.     In  one  manner. 

Only  just.     So  much  and  no  more. 

On  no  account.     Not  at  all. 

On  the  brink  of.     Nearly. 

Partially.     In  part. 

Passably.     In  a  fairly  good  manner. 

Pen  s'en  faut  [F.].     Far  from  it. 

Pretty  well.     In  a  fair  manner. 

Protanto  [L.].     For  so  much. 

Purely.     Merely. 

Rather.     In  some  degree. 

Say.     About. 

Scarcely.     Barely. 

Short  of.     Not  up  to  a  standard. 

Simply.     Without  addition. 

Slightly.     In  a  small  degree. 

Some.     Not  much. 

Somewhat.     In  some  degree. 

Somewhere  about.     Nearly. 

Tant  soil  peu  [F.].     Never  so  little. 

Thereabouts.     Nearly. 

Thus  far.     To  a  particular  extent,  degree,  etc. 

To  a  certain  degree.     To  some  extent. 

To  a  small  extent.     On  a  small  scale. 

Well  enough.     Sufficiently  good. 

Well-nigh.     Nearly. 

Within  an  ace  of .  \  T        ,        .         «.  . . 

Within  an  inch  of.  I  In  a  barely  sufficient  manner. 
Within  bounds.     In  a  restricted  manner. 
Wretchedly.     In  a  miserable  manner. 


MAGNITUDE— Adverbs— Continued. 

To  a  great  extent.)  -    ..     m  . 

To  a  large  extent.  I  ^  the  main. 

Tremendously.     In  a  terrifying  manner. 

Truly.     Really. 

Ultra  [L.]      Excessively. 

Uncommonly.     Rarely. 

Unequivocally.     Certainly. 

Unusually.     Not  frequently. 

Very.     To  a  great  extent . 

Very  much.     To  a  very  great  degree. 

Well.     Greatly. 

Widely.     To  a  great  degree. 

With  a  vengeance.     Fearfully. 

With  a  witness.     Surely. 

Woefully.     Dreadfully. 

Wonderfully.     In  a  surprising  manner. 

Magnitude — Phrase 
A  maximis  ad  minima  [L.5.     From  the  greatest  to  the  least 


magna  conatu  magnas  nugas  [L.]  (mag'-no  co-ne'-tu 
mag'-nas  nfu'-gas).  Great  jokes  with  a  great  effort. 
Consequence-Insignificance,     Provision-Waste. 

Magnus  A  polio  [L.]  (mag'-nus  a-pol'-lo) .'  Great  Apollo ; 
one  of  high  authority.    Sage-Fool. 

mag'-pie.  A  loquacious  person.  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity. 

mags'-man.     A  street  swindler-    jobber. 

ma"-ha-ra'-ja.     A  Hindu  prince.     Chib-f-Underling. 

ma-hog'-a-ny.     A  kind  of  wood.     Gray-Brown. 

Ma-hom'-ed-an.  Pertaining  to  Islam.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

Ma-hom'-et.  The  founder  of  Islam.  Revelation- 
Pseudorevelation. 

Ma-hom'-et-an-ism.  The  Moslem  religion.  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

maid.  An  unmarried  woman;  a  female  servant;  a  girl. 
Chief-Underling,   Infant-Veteran,   Matrimony- 


Celibacy;  maid  of  all  work,  Chief-Underling; 
maid  of  honor,  Friend-Foe. 

maid'-en.  A  maid;  initiatory;  a  beheading-machine. 
Beginning-End,  Infant-Veteran,  Recompense- 
Scourge. 

maid'-en-head.  Unmarried  state.  Matrimony-Celi- 
bacy. 

maid'-en-hood.  State  of  being  a  maiden.  Matrimony- 
Celibacy. 

maid'-en-ly.    Like  a  maiden.    Male-Female. 

mai'-gre.    Pertaining  to  a  fast.    Fasting-Glutton/. 

mail.  Governmental  system  for  conveying  and  deliver- 
ing mail  matter;  armor.  Attack-Defense,  Mes- 
senger; mail  coach,  Conveyance-Vessel. 

maim.  To  disable.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Might-Impotence. 

main.  The  ocean;  a  chief  conductor;  principal. 
Aperture-Closure,  Consequence-Insignificance, 


MAIN. 


030 


MAKER— DESTROYER. 


Ocean-Land,  Watercourse-Airpipe;  in  the  main, 
Consequence-Insignificance,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness,  Subjectiveness-Objectiveness,  Whole- 
Part;  look  to  the  main  chance,  Generosity-Fru- 
gality, Prevision,  Recklessness-Caution,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness,  Unselfishness-Selfishness;  main 
chance,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Gain-Loss, 
Good -Evil;  main  force,  Coercion,  Strength- 
Weakness,  Turbulence -Calmness;  main  part, 
Magnitude -Smallness,  Whole-Part;  plow  the 
main,  Traveling-Navigation  ;  with  might  and  main, 
Toil- Relaxation. 

main,  coup  de  [F.]  (man-,  cu  de).  With  main  force. 
Action-Passiveness. 

main'-land.     Principal  body  of  land.     Ocean-Land. 

main'-per-nor.     A  surety.     Security. 

main'-sail".  The  sail  carried  on  the  mainmast.  Con- 
veyance-Vessel. 

main'-spring".  Driving  spring  of  a  mechanism;  the 
chief  cause.     Cause-Effect. 

main'-stay".    A  chief  support.    Refuge-Pitfall,  San- 

GUINENESS-HOPELESSNESS,   SUSPENSION-SUPPORT. 

mains,  chaudes  amours,  froides  [F.]  (man',  shodz 
a-raur",  frwad) .  Cold  hands,  warm  heart.  Love-Hate. 

main-tain'.  To  support;  continue;  affirm.  Agency, 
Assertion-Denial,  Conservation,  Discontinu- 
ance-Continuance, Mutation-Permanence,  Sus- 
pension-Support; maintain  one's  course,  Determi- 
nation-Vacillation; maintain  one's  ground,  At- 
tack-Defense; maintain  the  even  tenor  of  one's 
way,  Quest-Evasion. 

main'-te-nance.  Means  of  support.  Affluence- 
Penury. 

maintien  [F.]   (man--ti-an'') .    Deportment.     Conduct. 

maison  de  campagne  [F.]  (me-zon-'  de  can'-pany'). 
A  country-seat.      Dweller-Habitation. 

maison  de  santS '  [F.]  (me-zon'  de  san'-te.').  A  hos- 
pital.    Remedy-Bane. 

maitre,  coup  de  [F.]  (mStr,  cu  de).  A  master-stroke. 
Goodness-Badness,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

maitre.  Vail  de  [F.]  (metr,  luy  de).  The  eye  of  a 
master.     Carefulness-Carelessness. 

maitre,  tel  valet,  tel  [F.]  (metr,  tel  va-le',  tel).  Like 
master,  like  man.  Dominance-Impotence,  Like- 
ness-Unlikeness. 

majesty,  lese  [F.]  (ma-zhes-te',  les).  High  treason. 
Insubordination-Obedience. 

ma-jes'-tic.  Stately;  noble.  Pomp,  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

maj'-es-ty.  Exalted  dignity.  Chief-Underling, 
Divinity,  Reputation-Discredit. 

ma'-jor.  An  army  officer;  greater.  Chief-Under- 
ling, Supremacy-Subordinacy;  majordomo,  Chief- 
Underling,  Manager;  major-general,  Chief-Un- 
derling; major  key,  Melody-Dissonance;  major 
part,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Whole-Part. 

ma-jor'-i-ty.  Full  legal  age;  the  greater  number. 
Manhood,  Multiplicity-Paucity,  Supremacy-Sub- 
ordinacy. 

ma-jus'-cu-lae.     Capital  letters.     Letter. 

make.  To  attain;  to  compel;  to  bring  about ;  to  con- 
stitute;   to  render;    to  construct.        Arrival-De- 


parture, Coercion,  Completion-Noncompletion, 
Constituent-Alien,  Conversion-Reversion,  Cre- 
ation-Destruction, Form-Formlessness,  Inclu- 
sion-Omission; make  acquainted  with,  Education- 
Learning,  Enlightenment-Secrecy;  make  after, 
Quest-Evasion;  make  a  fuss,  Activity-Indolence, 
Consequence-Insignificance;  make  a  piece  of 
work,  Contentedness-Discontentment;  make  a 
present,  Giving-Receiving;  make  a  push,  Activity- 
Indolence;  make  a  requisition,  Order,  Petition- 
Expostulation;  make  a  speech,  Speech-Inarticu- 
lateness; make  away  with,  Creation-Destruc-' 
tion,  Keeping-Relinquishment,  Life-Killing, 
Use-Disuse;  make  a  wry  face,  Desire-Distaste, 
Pleasurableness- Painfulness;  make  believe, 
Truthfulness  -  Fabrication,  Truthfulness- 

Falsehood,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  make  choice  of, 
Choice-Neutrality;  make  fast,  Union-Disunion; 
make  for,  Aim-Aberration;  make  fun  of,  Society- 
Derision,  Wittiness-Dulness;  make  good,  Com- 
pensation, Completion-Noncompletion,  En- 
tirety-Deficiency, Escape,  Evidence-Counter- 
evidence,  Mutability-Stability,  Observance- 
Nonobservance,  Proof-Disproof,  Renovation- 
Relapse;  make  haste,  Hurry-Leisure;  make  hay 
while  the  sun  shines,  Opportuneness-Unsuitable- 
ness;  make  interest,  Petition-Expostulation; 
make  its  appearance,  Visibility-Invisibility;  make 
known,  Enlightenment-Secrecy;  make  light  of, 
Consequence-Insignificance,  Difficulty-Facil- 
ity, Overvaluation  -  Undervaluation;  make 
money,  Gain-Loss;  make  much  of,  Amity-Hostil- 
ity, Blandishment,  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Gull-Hyperbole;  make  no  doubt,  Faith-Misgiv- 
ing; make  no  secret  of,  Manifestation-Latency; 
make  no  sign,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Manifes- 
tation-Latency; make  nothing  of,  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Clearness -Obscurity,  Success- 
Failure;  make  of,  Blandishment;  make  off, 
Escape,  Quest-Evasion;  make  off  with,  Theft; 
make  oneself  master  of,  Education-Learning; 
make  one's  fortune,  Welfare-Misfortune;  make 
one's  way,  Transmission,  Welfare-Misfortune; 
make  out,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Discovery,  Due- 
ness  -  Undueness,  Evidence  -  Counterevidence, 
Interpretation-Misinterpretation,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Proof-Disproof,  Sight-Blindness; 
make  over,  Alienation,  Giving-Receiving;  make 
peace,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Mediation;  make 
public,  Publicity;  make  ready,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation  ;  make  sure,  Certainty-Doubt,  Muta- 
bility-Stability, Preparation-Nonpreparation; 
make  terms,  Contract;  make  the  best  of,  Yielding; 
make  the  land,  Arrival-Departure;  make  things 
pleasant,  Craft-Artlessness;  make  time,  Lasting- 
ness-Transientness;  make  towards,  Aim-Aberra- 
tion; make  use  of,  Use-Disuse;  make  way,  Ad- 
vance-Retrogression, Aperture-Closure;  make 
way  for,  Commutation-Permutation,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help, Quest-Evasion. 
ma'-ker.  One  who  makes;  the  Creator.  Agent;  the 
Maker,  Divinity. 


MAKER— DESTROYER. 


Architect.     One  who  designs  or  builds  something;  one  who  lays  the 

plans  and  directs  the  construction  of  buildings. 
Author.     One  who  originates  anything;    one  who  composes  books, 

pamphlets,  etc. 
Founder.     One  who  founds  or  endows  something. 
Generator.     One  who  generates  or  produces. 
Inventor.     One  who  finds  out  or  makes  something  not  previously 

existent. 


Assassin.  A  stealthy,  treacherous  destroyer  of  life.  See  T.ifk- 
Killing.     [Arabic,  hashish-eater,  in  the  crusades. B 

Cankerworm.     Acaterpillardestructivetotrees.    SeeREMEDV-BANE. 

Destroyer.  One  who  brings  to  ruin  or  kills.  See  Creation  -De- 
struction. 

Executioner.  A  public  official  who  inflicts  capital  punishment.  8>ae 
Recompense-Scourge. 

Iconoclast.     An  image  destroyer. 


MAKER. 


637 


MALE— FEMALE. 


MAKER— Continued. 


Maker.     One  who  makes.     Se^  Agent. 
Mover.     One  who  moves  or  incites  to  activity. 


make '-shift".  A  temporary  expedient.  Commuta- 
tion-Permutation, Pretext. 

make  up.  To  compensate;  to  compose.  Entirety- 
Deficiency,  Inclusion-Omission;  make  up  ac- 
*  counts,  Accounts;  make  up  a  quarrel,  Fighting- 
Conciliation;  make  up  a  sum,  Outlay-Income; 
make  up  for,  Compensation;  make  up  matters, 
Atonement;  make  up  one's  mind,  Decision-Mis- 
judgment,  Determination-Vacillation,  Faith- 
Misgiving;  make  up  to,  Address-Response,  Ap- 
proach-Withdrawal. 

make'-weight".  Something  used  to  fill  up  or  increase 
weight.  Compensation,    Entirety-Deficiency, 

Equality-Inequality. 

ma'-king  of,  be  the.  To  be  that  which  contributes  to 
improvement  or  success.  Goodness-Badness,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Usefulness-Uselessness. 

mala  fides  [L.]  (me'-la  fai'-diz).  Bad  faith.  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

mal'-a-chite.  Native  carbonate  of  copper.  Redness- 
Greenness. 

mal"-a-col'-o-gy.  The  science  of  mollusks.  Zoology- 
Botany. 

malade  imaginaire  [F.]  (ma-lad'  i-ma-zhi-ndrO  •  Sick 
in  conceit.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 


Originator.     One  who  is  the  producing  cause  of  anything. 
Producer.     One  who  produces;  one  who  cultivates  for  sale. 

maladie  du  pays  [F.]  (ma-la-dr*  du  pe-i').  Homesick- 
ness.    Contentedness-Regret. 

mal"-ad-mm"-is-tra  -tion.  Bad     management     of 

affairs.      Skill-Unskilfulness. 

maladroit  [F.]  (ma-la-drwa').  Awkward.  Skill- 
Unskilfulness. 

mal'-a-dy.     A  disease.     Health-Sickness. 

malaise  [F.]  (ma-lez').  Uneasiness.  Pleasure 
Pain,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

mal'-a-pert.  A  saucy  person.  Brawler,  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness. 

Mal'-a-prop,  Mrs.  A  character  in  Sheridan's  Rivals, 
who  misapplies  words.     Name-Misnomer. 

mal  h  propos  [F.]  (mal  a  pro-po').  Ill-timed.  Har- 
mony-Discord, Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

ma-Ia'-ri-a.  A  diseased  condition.  Healthiness- 
Unhealtiiiness,  Remedy-Bane. 

maT'-con"-ior-ma'-tion.  Ill  form.  Proportion-De- 
formity. 

mal'-con-tent".  A  discontented  person.  Antagonist- 
Assistant,     Contentedness-Discontentment. 

mal  du  pays  [F.]  (mal  du  pe-i').  Homesickness. 
Contentedness-Regret. 

male.  A  man;  of  the  sex  that  begets  young.  Male- 
Female,  Strength-Weakness;  male  animal,  Male- 
Female. 


MALE— FEMALE. 


Beau  [F.].     A  ladies' man. 

Billy-goat.     A  male  goat. 

Blade.     A  dashing,  wild,  or  reckless  fellow. 

Boar.     The  uncastrated  male  of  swine. 

Boy.     A  male  child.     See  Infancy. 

Buck.     The  male  of  various  animals,  as  of  deer,  rabbits,  etc. 

Bull.     The  male  of  various  animals,  more  commonly  of  domestic 

cattle. 
Bullock.     An  ox;  especially,  a  beef -ox  over  four  years  old. 
Capon.      A  male  chicken  gelded  to  increase  growth. 
Chap.     A  man  or  boy  of  little  worth. 

Cock.     The  male  of  birds,  particularly  of  domestic  fowls. 
Dog.     The  male  of  the  dog. 
Drake.     A  male  duck. 
Elf.     A  diminutive  person;  a  dwarf . 
Entire  horse.     The  uncastrated  male  of  the  genus  horse. 
Fellow.     An  inferior,  worthless,  or  disreputable  man  or  boy. 
Gaffer.     An  old  man;  especially,  an  old  countryman. 
Gander.     A  male  goose. 
Gelding.     A  castrated  horse. 
Gentillwmme  [F.].     Gentleman. 
Gentleman.     A  well-bred  and  honorable  man. 
Gib-cat.     A  castrated  cat. 
Goodman.     The  master  of  a  house  or  family. 
Hart.     The  male  of  the  red  deer. 
He.     A  personal  pronoun  denoting  a  male  person. 
He-goat.     A  male  goat. 

Horse.     The  male  of  the  horse;  especially,  when  castrated. 
Husband.     A  married  man.     See  Matrimony. 
Male.     A  person  or  animal  of  the  male  sex. 
Man.     An  adult  male  of  the  human  kind. 
Manhood.     The  state  of  being  of  age.     See  Manhood. 
Man-servant.     An  adult  male  servant. 
Master.     A  male  person  who  has  authority  over  others. 
Mister.     A  title  of  address  prefixed  to  the  name  of  a  man. 
Mr.     An  abbreviation  for  Mister. 
Ox.     An  adult  castrated  male  of  bovine  quadrupeds. 
Ram.     A  male  sheep. 
Sir.     A  term  of  respectful  address  to  men. 

Stag.     The  male  of  various  animals;  especially,  of  the  red  deer. 
Stallion.     An  uncastrated  male  horse. 
Swain ,     A  rustic  gallant. 
Tom-cat.     The  male  of  the  cat. 
Tup.     A  male  sheep. 
Wight.     A  person,  male  or  female,  generally  used  in  good-humored 

contempt. 
Yeoman.     A  farmer. 


Belle  [F.].     A  young  lady  of  superior  beauty  and  attractions. 

Bitch.     The  female  of  the  dog  and  of  some  other  carnivores. 

Cow.     The  female  of  domestic  cattle  and  of  some  other  animals. 

Dame.     A  woman  of  high  social  position. 

Doe.     The  female  of  the  deer,  antelope,  hare,  rabbit,  and  kangaroo. 

Donna  [It.].     The  title  given  a  lady  in  Italy. 

Dowager.     A  widow  holding  dower  or  jointure. 

Ewe.     A  female  sheep. 

Fair  sex.     An  expression  denoting  the  female  sex. 

Female.     A  person  or  animal  of  the  female  sex. 

Feminality.     The  quality  or  nature  of  the  female  sex. 

Gammer.     An  old  woman. 

Girl.     A  female  infant  or  child.     See  Infancy. 


Goodwife.        \ 
a.  > 


The  mistress  of  a  house. 


Goodwoman. 

Goody.     An  old  woman  of  an  humble  class. 

Grisette  [F.].     A  Parisian  working  girl,  especially  one  of  easy  virtue. 

Gynecceum    [Gr.].      That   part  of  a  house  exclusively  set  apart  for 

women . 
Hen.     The  female  of  the  domestic  fowl. 
Hostess.     A  woman  who  gives  entertainment. 
Lady.     A  refined  and  well-bred  woman. 
Lioness.     A  female  lion 

Madam.     A  title  of  courtesy  addressed  to  a  woman. 
Madame  [F.].     The  original  form  of  Madam. 
Mare.     The  female  of  the  horse. 
Matron.     A   woman   of  established   age   and   dignity;    a   ■larried, 

woman. 
Matronage.     The  state  of  a  matron. 
Matronhood.     The  state  of  being  a  matron. 
Mrs.     An  abbreviation  of  the  title  Mistress. 
Muliebrity.     The  state  of  being  a  woman. 
Nanny-goat.     A  female  goat. 

Nymph.     An  inferior  female  divinity;  a  young  unmarried  woman. 
Petticoat.     An  underskirt  worn  by  women ;  a  woman. 
Rani .     A  Hindu  queen  or  princess. 
Roe.     The  female  of  any  species  of  deer. 
She.     A  female;  a  woman. 
She-goat.     A  female  goat. 

Softersex.     An  expression  denoting  the  female  sex. 
Sow.     A  female  hog. 

Squaw.     An  American  Indian  woman  or  girl. 
The  fair.     "Women. 
The  sex.     Women. 
Tigress.     A  female  tiger. 
Vixen.     A  quarrelsome  woman. 
Weaker  vessel.     Woman. 


MALE. 


638 


MANAGEMENT. 


MALE— FEMALE— Continued. 


Male — Adjectives. 

Anthropic.     0£  or  pertaining  to  a  man. 

He.  1 

Male.  r  Denoting  persons  or  animals  of  the  male  sex. 

Masculine. ) 

Manly.     Possessing  qualities  characteristic  of  a  true  man. 

Unmanly.     Unbecoming  a  man ;  base;  cowardly. 

Womanish.     Characteristic  of  a  woman;  chiefly  in  a  disparaging 

sense. 
Virile.      Having  the  characteristics  of  mature  manhood. 


FEMALE — Continued  from  Column  a. 
Fem  ale — Phrase. 
Es  de  vtdrio  la  mujer  [Sp.].     Woman  is  made  of  glass. 


Wench.     A  damsel  or  young  woman  of  lowly  condition. 
Wife.     A  woman  joined  to  a  man  in  wedlock.     See  Matrimony, 
Womanhood.     The  state  of  a  woman.     See  Manhood. 
Womankind.     Women  collectively. 

Female — Adjectives. 

Effeminate.     Soft,  unmanly,  or  womanish. 

Female .     Denoting  persons  or  animals  of  the  female  sex. 

Feminine.     Having  the  qualities  of  a  woman. 

Ladylike.     Suitable  to  a  well-bred  woman;  gentle;  delicate. 

Maidenly.     Befitting  a  maiden;  gentle;  modest. 

Matronly.     Advanced  in  years ;  elderly. 

She.     Denoting  a  female. 

Unfeminine.     Acting  like  a  man. 

Unwomanly.     Not  suited  or  becoming  to  a  woman. 

Womanly.     Having  the  qualities  becoming  to  a  woman. 

{Continued  on  Column  i .) 


mal,  ein,kein  mal  [G.]  (ain  mal,  kain  mal).  Just  once, 
nothing  counts.  Frequency-Rarity,  Innocence- 
Guilt. 

mal,  si  vienes  solo,  bien  vengas  [Sp.]  (mal,  si  vi-en'-es 
so'-lo,  bi-en'  ven'-gas) .  You  may  come  well  [you  are 
welcome]  misfortune,  if  you  come  alone.  Welfare- 
Misfortune. 

mal"-e-dic'-tion.     A  curse.     Charitableness-Curse. 

mal"-e-fac'-tion.     A  crime.     Innocence-Guilt. 

mal"-e-fac'-tor.     A  criminal.     Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

ma-lef'-ic.     Mischief-making.     Goodness-Badness. 

ma-lef'-i-cent.  Mischievous.  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence. 

ma-lev'-o-lence.  Ill  will.  Amity-Hostility,  Chari- 
tableness-Malevolence, Innocence-Guilt. 

ma-lev'-o-lent.  Ill-willed.  Charitableness-Malev- 
olence, Virtue-Vice. 

ma-lev'-o-lent-ly.  With  ill  will.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

mal"-for-ma-tion.       Ill    formation.     Proportion-De 

FORMITY. 

malgri  soi  [F.]  (mal-gre'  swa).  In  spite  of  himself. 
Readiness-Reluctance. 

mal'-ice.  Active  malevolence.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Love-Hate;  bear  malice,  Pardon- 
Vindictiveness;  malice  prepense,  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

ma-li'-cious.  Spiteful.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Love-Hate. 

ma-li'-cious-ness.  Spitefulness.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

ma-lign'.  Pernicious;  to  speak  evil  of.  Adulation- 
Disparagement,  Charitableness-Malevolence, 
Goodness-Badness. 

ma-lig'-nant.  Evil  in  nature.  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence, Goodness-Badness. 

ma-lig'-ni-ty.  Destructive  tendency.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence, Goodness-Badness,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness. 

ma-lin'-ger.  To  feign  sickness.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

ma-lin'-ger-ing.  Injuring  by  falsehood.  Truthful- 
ness-Falsehood. 

mal'-i-son.     A  curse.     Charitableness-Curse. 

malis  pepercerit,  bonis  nocet,  si  quis  [L.]  (mfi'-lis  pi-per'- 
si-rit,  bo'-nis  no'-set,  sai  quis) .  If  any  one  spares  the 
bad,  he  injures  the  good.  Duty-Immunity,  Harsh- 
ness-Mildness. 

mal'-Mn.     A  mop.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

mall.  A  public  walk;  a  maul.  Dweller-Inhabitant, 
Impetus-Reaction. 

mal"-le-a-bil'-i-ty.     Pliancy.     Hardness-Softness. 

mal'-le-a-ble.    Pliant.    Hardness-Softness. 

mal'-let.     A  wooden  hammer.     Impetus-Reaction. 

mal-o'-dor.     A  bad  smell.     Perfume-Stench. 


mal-prac'-tise.  Improper  conduct.  Innocence- 
Guilt. 

malt  liq'-uor.     A  drink.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

mal-treat'.  To  treat  ill.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Contentedness-Discontentment,  Good- 
ness-Badness. 

malum  in  se  [L.]  (me'-lum  in  si).  A  deed  wrong  in 
itself.     Right-Wrong. 

malum  prohibitum  [L.]  (me'-lum  pro-hib'-it-um) .  An 
evil  prohibited.    Dueness-Undueness. 

mal"-ver-sa'-tion.  Misconduct.  Extravagance-Ava- 
rice, Innocence-Guilt. 

mam'-e-lon.  A  rounded  hillock.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity. 

Mam'-e-luke.     A  cavalryman.     Belligerent. 

mam'-ma.     Mother.     Parentage-Progeny. 

mam'-mal.     An  animal.     Fauna-Flora. 

mam'-met.     An  idol.     Delineation-Caricature. 

mam'-mi-form.  Shaped  like  a  nipple.  Convexity- 
Concavity. 

mam-mil'-la.     A  nipple.     Convexity-Concavity. 

Mam'-mon.     The  god  of  riches.     Affluence-Penury. 

mam'-moth.     Huge.     Greatness-Littleness. 

man.  A  human  being;  a  husband;  an  adult;  a  male 
servant;  courage;  to  fortify.  Agent,  Bravery- 
Cowardice,  Chief-Underling,  Humanity,  Male- 
Female,  Manhood,  Matrimony-Celibacy,  Prep- 
aration-Nonpreparation;  make  a  man  of,  Bra- 
very-Cowardice, Goodness-Badness;  man  about 
town,  City-Country;  man  and  wife,  Matrimony- 
Celibacy;  man  at  arms,  Belligerent;  man  in  office, 
Chief-Underling;  man  of  means,  Labor-Capital; 
man-of-war,  Belligerent,  Conveyance-Vessel; 
man-of-war's  man,  Wayfarer-Seafarer;  man  on 
horseback,  Tyranny-Anarchy;  man's  estate,  Man- 
hood; one's  man  of  business,  Consignee  ;  Son  of  man, 
Divinity;  to  a  man,  Assent-Dissent. 

man'-a-cle.  A  handcuff.  Release-Prison,  Release- 
Restraint. 

man'-age.  To  direct.  Management,  President- 
Member;  manage  to,  Success-Failure. 

man'-age-a-ble.     Docile.     Difficulty-Facility. 

man'-age-ment.  Conduct;  intrigue.  Conduct,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness. 

MANAGEMENT. 

Administration.     Assuming  control  of  public  affairs. 

Agency.     The  faculty  of  exercising  power  or  control. 

Charge.     Responsibility  to  oversee  something. 

Command.     See  Rule. 

Conduct.     Guidance ;  management. 

Control.     Authority;  dominion. 

Direction.     Guidance. 

Director.     See  Manager. 

Government.     Control;  direction. 


MANAGEMENT. 


639 


MANAGER. 


Gubemation.     Piloting;  steering. 

Guidance.     Superintendence;  leading. 

Legislation.     Enacting  laws  to  limit  the  acts  of  people. 

Management.     Guide ;  overseeing. 

Managery.     The  act  of  managing. 

Ministration.     Service;  ministering. 

Oversight.     Watchful  care. 

Pilotage.     Direction,  as  by  a  pilot. 

Regulation.     Rules  laid   down  for  control   of   some  enterprise   or 

machinery. 
Steerage .     Act  of  steering  or  directing. 
Superintendence,     Oversight;  exercise  care  over. 
Supervision.     Oversee;  inspection. 
Surveillance.     Watch;  look  after. 

Management — Associated  Nouns. 

Board  of  Control.     A  body  of  men  appointed  or  elected  to  manage. 

Chair.  One  who  directs  the  thoughts  and  proceedings  of  a  delibera- 
tive body. 

Eye  of  the  master.     The  skill  of  a  master. 

Kingcraft.     The  governmental  policy  of  kings. 

Ministry.  A  body  of  officials  who  carry  the  policy  of  a  government 
into  execution. 

Portfolio.  The  headship  of  some  department  of  state ;  like  a  cabinet 
portfolio. 

Premiership.     Being  at  the  head  of  a  cabinet. 

Proctorship.  Having  the  commission  to  manage  or  exercise  control 
for  another. 

Reins.     Means  of  restraining  or  governing. 

Reins  of  government.     Control  of  the  government. 

Senatorship.     Holding  an  office  in  the  higher  body  of  Congress. 

Statecraft.     The  art  of  conducting  state  affairs. 

Statesmanship.  Governing  the  policy  of  a  government  by  wise 
counsels. 

Stewardship.     Being  a  guardian ;  a  superintendent. 

Management — Nouns  of  Agency. 

Compass.     Instrument  to  determine  direction. 

Cynosure.  Constellation  of  the  Lesser  Bear  by  which  mariners  are 
often  directed 

Guiding  star.     A  particular  star  by  which  sailors  direct  their  course. 

Helm.     The  apparatus  by  which  a  ship  is  steered. 

Lodestar.     The  polestar. 

Needle,     The  pointing  instrument  of  the  compass. 

Polestar.  The  star  toward  which  the  magnetic  needle  of  the  com- 
pass points. 

Rudder.     The  apparatus  by  which  a  ship  is  steered. 

Management — Verbs. 

Administer.     To  control;  to  carry  out. 

Be  at  the  helm.     To  direct;  to  govern. 

Be  in  the  chair.     To  have  control. 

Conduct.     To  carry  on,  to  direct. 

Control.     To  guide;  to  exercise  supervision  over 

Cut  out  work  for.     To  give  a  plan  to  work  by. 

Direct.    To  lead;  to  instruct. 

Drive.     To  cause  to  go  in  a  certain  direction. 

Govern.     To  exercise  authority  over. 

Guide,     To  lead  or  direct. 

Handle  the  reins.     To  lead  wherever  desired. 

Have  office;  have  the  care  of;  have  the  charge  of;  have  the  direction 
of;  have  the  portfolio;  have  the  reins;  head;  hold  office;  hold  the 
portfolio;  hold  the  reins;  keep  in  order;  lead;  lead  on;  lead  the 
way;  legislate  for;   look  after. 

Manage.     To  control ;  to  oversee. 

Ministrate.     To  carry  out  a  religious  service. 

Occupy  the  chair.     Be  in  a  position  to  direct. 

Order.     To  give  a  command;  to  direct. 

Overlook.     To  superintend;  to  supervise. 

Pilot.     To  direct  the  course  of,  as  to  pilot  a  ship. 

Prescribe.     To  lay  down  rules. 

Preside.     To  direct  a  deliberating  body. 

Preside  at  the  board.     To  sit  in  authority. 

»  n  *v.  f  To  try  to  influence  in  one*s  favor. 

Pull  the  wires.    > 

Regulate.     To  manipulate ;  to  direct. 

Rule.     See  Rulb. 

See  to.     To  attend  to;  to  exercise  vigilance  over 

Show  the  way.     To  direct ;  to  guide. 

Steer.     To  pilot. 

Superintend.     To  exercise  control  over. 

Supervise .     To  oversee . 

Tackle.     To  grasp  in  order  to  master. 

Take  the  chair.     Assume  control  of  a  meeting. 


Take  the  direction.     To  assume  charge  of. 
Take  the  helm.     To  take  the  pilot's  place. 
Take  the  lead.     To  set  a  pace  for  the  rest. 
Take  the  reins.     To  obtain  mastery. 
Tool.     To  drive,  as  a  coach. 

Management — Adjectives. 

Directing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Hegemonic.     Ruling;  guiding. 

Management — Adverbs. 
At  the  head  of.     In  the  lead. 
At  the  helm.     In  control. 

man'-a-ger.     One  who  manages.     Acting,  Manager, 
President-Member. 

MANAGER. 

Adviser.     See  Advice. 

jEdile.     A  Roman  officer  who  had  charge  of  public  buildings,  high- 
ways, shows,  etc. 

Agent.     See  Consignee. 

Arbiter.     See  Judge. 

Bailiff.     A  deputy  sheriff. 

Bell-wether.     The  sheep  with  the  bell  on ;  leader  of  the  flock. 

Board.     See  Council. 

Bureaucrat      One  who  is  at  the  head  of  a  bureau. 

Cabman.     One  who  runs  a  cab. 

Captain.     See  Chief. 

Carman.     One  who  conveys  goods  with  a  cart  or  car. 

Centerman.     The  one  on  whom  the  others  depend  for  guidance. 

Chair.     The  source  of  information  and  direction,  as  the  chair  of  a 
deliberative  body. 

Chairman.     The  leader  of  committees. 

Charioteer.     One  who  drives  a  chariot. 

Chauffeur.     Manager  oi  an  automobile. 

Clerk  of  works.     One  who  keeps  the  records  for  a  company. 

Coachman.     One  who  drives  a  coach. 

Comptroller.     A  city  officer  who  examines  public  accounts. 

Conductor.     A  leader;  a  manager. 

Corypheus.     Leader  of  a  party  or  cause. 

Croupier  [F.].     One  who  presides  at  a  gaming  table. 

Demagogue.     One  who  artfully  sways  mobs  and  the  rabble  by  his 
appeals,  a  political  intriguer. 

Director.     A  guide,  a  manager. 

Draco.     A  famous  Athenian  lawgiver. 

Driver.     One  who  directs  a  team  of  horses  or  oxen. 

Eparch.     Ancient  Grecian  governor. 

Factor.     Leader;  responsible  person. 

Factotum.     A  leader  in  every  kind  of  work. 

Foreman.     A  boss;  a  dictator;  an  overseer. 

Fugleman.     A  drill  leader  for  a  company  of  soldiers. 

Functionary.     One  charged  to  perform  some  function. 

Governor.     A  ruler;  a  controller. 

Grand  vizier.     Chief  minister  of  the  Turkish  empire. 

Guide.     See  Enlightenment. 

Guiding  star.     See  Management 

Haadcenter.     A  director. 

Headman.     Leader:  foreman. 

Helmsman.     Steersman;  guide. 

Housekeeper.     House-mistress,  one  who  oversees  the  house. 

Husband.     The  head  of  the  family. 

Inspector.     An  overseer;  a  supervisor. 

Intendant.     A  superintendent  of  some  public  business. 

Jack  in  office.     An  insolent  fellow  in  office. 

Jehu.     A  driver;  a  reckless  coachman.     [Bible,  II  Kings  ix,  20. J 

Landreeve.     An  assistant  officer  to  the  steward  of  a  large  land  estate. 

Lawgiver.     One  w^io  formulates  laws. 

Lawmaker.     One  who  forms  laws. 

Leader.     A  guide;  a  conductor. 

Legislator.     An  enactor  of  laws. 

Linkboy.     A  man  who  carries  a  torch  to  light  passengers. 

Lobbyist.     A  person  who  tries  to  influence  members  of  a  legislature 
for  the  purpose  of  securing  laws  according  to  his  own  ideas. 

Log-roller.   A  person  whose  business  is  to  accomplish  certain  political 
ends  or  schemes 

Majordomo  [L.].     The  head  man. 

Manager.     Director;  supervisor. 

Man  in  office.     One  who  directs  public  affairs. 

Master.     See  Chief. 

Mayor.     See  Chief. 

Middleman.     A  man  who  rents  large  tracts  of  land  from  proprietors 
and  then  rents  them  in  small  tracts  to  peasants. 


MANAGER. 


640 


MANHOOD. 


Minister.     One  who  serves;  one  of  the  executive  department  of  a 

government. 
Minos.     The  famous  lawgiver  of  Crete. 
Moderator.     One  who  presides  over  a  deliberative  body. 
Monitor.     An  overseer;  a  guardian. 
Muleteer.     A  mule-driver. 

Office-bearer.     One  who  has  a  specific  office  or  duty  to  perform. 
Officer.     A  public  servant;  one  who  sits  in  authority. 
Official.     One  who  holds  a  public  office. 
Overlooker.     A  superintendent. 
Overseer.     Supervisor. 
Person  in  authority.     See  Chief. 

Pilot.  One  who  directs;  especially,  one  who  directs  the  course  of  aship. 
Politician.     One  well  versed  in  the  science  of  government. 
Postilion.     One  who  guides  the  first  pair  of  horses  hitched  to  a 

coach. 
Precentor.     A  leader  of  a  choir. 
Premier.     The  highest  official. 

President.     The  head  of  an  organization,  corporation,  or  govern- 
ment. 
Prime  Minister.     See  Premier. 
Principal.     Head;  chief  in  control. 
Proctor.     One  who  looks  after  the  affairs  of  another. 
Procurator.     An  agent;  a  proctor. 
Ranger.     The  keeper  of  a  public  park  or  forest. 
Rector.     The  chief  officer  of  a  university;  the  head  of  a  school. 
Red-tapist.     One  who  adheres  strictly  to  official  duties. 
Reiseffendi  [Turk.Q.     Chancellor  of  the  Turkish  empire. 
Ringleader.     The  cause  of  a  movement:  usually  applied  in  a  bad 

sense. 
Secretary.     Ao    officer  of  state  whose  business  is  to  manage  the 

affairs  of  a  particular  department 
Secretary  of  State.     The  highest  cabinet  official  In  the  United  States 

Government. 
Seneschal.     A    steward;  superintendent    of    royal    domestic    cere- 
monies in  the  Middle  Ages. 
Shepherd.     The  keeper  and  leader  of  a  flock. 
Speaker.     One  who  leads  the  thoughts  of  his  hearers. 

State-monger.     One  who  participates  in  political  affairs. 

Statesman.     One  versed  in  statecraft. 

Statist.     A  statesman. 

Steersman.     Leader;  helmsman. 

Steersmate.     See  Steersman. 

Steward.     A  man  who  manages  domestic  concerns. 

Strategist.     One  skilled  in  directing  great  military  movements. 

Supercargo.     Superintendent  of  a  merchant  vessel. 

Superintendent.  One  who  has  oversight  of  public  or  private  grounds 
or  works. 

Superior.     An  advanced  officer;  first  in  rank. 

Supervisor.     Overseer;  director. 

Surveyor.     One  who  acts  as  superintendent  of  others. 

Taskmaster,     One  who  assigns  oppressive  tasks. 

Teamster.     A  driver  of  a  team. 

Vetturino,  One  who  drives  a  vettura,  a  four-wheeled  Italian  car- 
riage. 

Vicar.     See  Representative. 

Vice-president.     One  second  in  authority;  successor  to  the  president- 
Visitor.     A  person  who  makes  formal  visits  of  inspection. 

Vizier.     A  high  executive  officer  in  Turkey. 

Whip.     A  coach-driver. 

Whipper  in.  One  who  whips  others  into  line  to  support  certain 
measures. 

Wire-puller.     One  who  gains  his  power  by  secret  plans. 

Manager — Adverb 

m 
Ex  officio  [L  J.     By  virtue  of  an  office. 

man'-age-ry.     Conduct.     Management* 

mancke  apres  la  cogne'e,  jeter  le  [F.]  (marrsh  a-pr6'  la 
co-ny£  ,  zhe-t£'  le).  To  throw  the  helve  after  the 
hatchet.     Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

man"-ci-pa'-tion.     Slavery.     Release-Restraint. 

man-da'-mus.     An  order.     Order. 

man"-da-rin'.     A  Chinese  official.     Chief-Underling. 

man'-date.     A  command.     Order. 

man'-di-ble.  The  bone  of  the  lower  jaw.  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

man'-do-Hn.  A  musical  instrument.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

man-drag'-o-ra.    An  herb.    Turbulence-Calmness. 

man'-drel.     A  shaft.     Revolution-Evolution. 


man"-du-ca'-tion.  Mastication.  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion. 

m^ne.  Long  hair  on  a  horse's  neck.  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

man'-eat"-er.  An  animal  that  eats  human  beings. 
Life-Killing. 

manage    [F.]    (ma-nezh').      The  art  of  horsemanship. 
Domestication-Agriculture,  Traveling-Naviga 
tion. 

ma'-nes.     Spirits  of  the  dead.     Life-Corpse. 

manet,  alta  mente  repostum  [L.]  (me'-net,  al'-ta  men'-ti 
ri-pos'-tum) .  It  abides  stored  away  in  the  depths  of 
the  mind.     Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

manet  cicatrix  [L.]  (me'-net  sic'-a-trix) .  The  scar 
remains.     Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

ma-neu'-ver.  A  change  of  position;  a  dexterous  pro- 
ceeding.  Action-Passiveness,  Craft-Artlessness. 

man'-ful.  Brave;  sturdy.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Per- 
sistence-Whim, Strength-Weakness. 

man'-ful-ly.  Courageously.  Determination-Vacil- 
lation. 

man'-ger.    A  feeding-trough.    Contents-Receiver. 

manger i  cela  se  laisse  [F.]  (man-zhe',  se-la/  se  les). 
Something  fit  to  eat.  Palatableness-Unpalata- 
bleness. 

manger  son  bU  en  herbe  [F.]  (man-zhe'  son*  bl^  an*  erb). 
To  eat  one's  corn  in  the  blade.  Extravagance- 
Avarice. 

man'-gle.  To  lacerate;  to  smooth;  a  smoothing  ma 
chine.  Betterment-Deterioration,  Smoothness- 
Roughness,  Union-Disunion. 

man'-gy.     Squalid.     Health-Sickness. 

man'-ha"-ter.  A  misanthrope.  Humanitarianism- 
Misanthropy. 

man-hood.  Manly  quality.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Manhood. 

MANHOOD. 

Adolescence.     The  time  of  growth  from  childhood  to  manhood. 

Adult.     A  full-grown  individual  of  either  sex. 

Adultness.     The  state  of  being  an  adult. 

Flower  of  age.     The  brightest  period  of  life. 

Full  age.     Mature  age. 

Majority.  The  age  at  which  a  person  may  legally  manage  his  own 
affairs. 

Man.     An  adult  male  of  the  human  race.     See  Male. 

Manhood.     The  state  of  being  of  age. 

Maturity.     The  state  of  having  reached  full  development. 

Meridian  of  life.     The  culminating  point  of  life. 

No  chicken.     A  person  by  no  means  young. 

Prime  of  life.     The  period  of  full  perfection  in  life. 

Pubescence.     The  state  of  having  arrived  at  puberty. 

Ripe  age.     Fully  developed  age. 

Virility.     The  state  of  having  the  vigor  and  strength  of  manhood. 

Woman,     An  adult  female  of  the  human  race      See  Male-Female 

MANHOor — Verbs. 
Assume  the  toga  virilisA  To  become   legally  capable  of  managing 
Attain  majority.  J       one's  own  affairs. 

Come  of  age.     To  complete  the  first  twenty-one  years  of  one's  life. 
Come  to  man's  estate.     To  come  to  the  state  of  being  a  man. 
Come  to  years  of  discretion.     To    attain    to    cautious    and    correct 

judgment. 
Have  cut  one's  eye-teeth.     To  have  had  a  little  experience  in  the 

world. 
Have  sown  one's  wild  oats.     To  have  passed  through  dissipations  in 

one's  youth. 

Manhood — Adjectives. 

Adolescent.     Growing  from  childhood  to  manhood. 
Adult.     Pertaining  to  mature  life. 

Full  grown.     Having  reached  the  normal  size  of  complete  develop- 
ment. 
Grown  up.     Arrived  at  full  growth  or  stature. 
In  one's  prime.     In  the  period  of  full  perfection  in  life. 
Manly.     Worthy  of  a  man. 
Marriageable.     Of  an  age  suitable  to  be  married. 
Matronly.     Becoming  a  mother. 
Mature.     Having  reached  full  development. 
Middle-aged.     Between  30  and  50  years  of  age. 
Nubile.     Of  an  age  suitable  for  marriage. 


MANHOOD. 


641 


MANIFESTATION— LATENCY. 


Of  age.     Having  attained  majority 

Of  full  age.     Mature  in  age. 

Of  ripe  age .     Of  a  fully  developed  age. 

Out  of  one's  teens.     Twenty  years  or  older. 

Pubescent.     Having  arrived  at  the  age  of  puberty. 

Virile.     Pertaining  to  a  man  in  his  mature  state. 

Womanly.     Becoming  a  woman. 

ma'-ni-a.      Excessive    desire;    insanity.      Desire-Dis- 
taste, Saneness-Lunacy. 
ma'-ni-ac.     A  madman.     Saneness-Maniac. 
ma-ni'-a-cal.     Insane.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

tnanibus    pedibusque    [L.]   (man'-i-bus    ped-i-bus'-qui) . 
With  hands  and  feet.     Toil-Relaxation. 


Man"-i-che'-ism.      A    religious    philosophy.      Angel 
Satan. 

man'-i-chord.     A  musical  instrument.     Musical  In- 
struments. 

man'-i-cure.    To  take  care  of  people's  hands  and  nails. 
Remedy-Bans. 

ma'-nie.     Mania.     Desire-Distaste. 

manihre  [F.]  (ma-nieV).     Manner.     Society-Affecta- 
tion. 

man'-i-fest.    Evident;  clear.  Manifestation-Latency, 
Visibility-Invisibility. 

man"-i-fes-ta'-tion.    Revelation.     Manifestation-La- 
tency. 


MANIFESTATION— LATENCY. 


Bareness.     State  of  being  bare. 

Demonstration.     A  proof  or  reasoning  by  which  anything  is  made 

plain  to  the  sight  or  understanding. 
Disclosure.     The  act  or  process  of  making  anything  plain  or  clear. 

See  Exposure. 
Display.     The  act  of  spreading  out  or  bringing  to  the  view  or  to  the 

mind. 
Epanchement    [F.J.      An  outpouring  or  overflowing  by  which  any- 
thing is  revealed 
Exhibition.     Something  made  plain  to  the  sight. 
Exposition.     A  public  show  in  which  things  are  seen 
Expression.     The  act  of  declaring  or  signifying. 
Indication.     That  which  serves  to  mark  or  point  out  to  the  mind  or 

eye.     See  Heed. 
Manifestation.     The  act  of  uncovering  to  the  eye  or  understanding. 
Openness.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  plain  and  clear  to  the  sight 

or  mind.     See  Probity;  Crapt-Artlessness. 
Plainness.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  clear  to  the  mind  or  eye. 

See  Adjectives, 
Plain-speaking.     Speaking  with  plain,  clear  meaning. 
Premonstration.     A  pointing  out  or  making  clear  beforehand. 
Production.     The  act  or  process  of  bringing  forth  to  view. 
Publicity.     The  state  of  being  open  to  common  knowledge.     See 

Publicity. 
Showing.     Anything  that  is  presented  to  the  sight  or  made  known. 

See  Adjectives. 
Showing  off.     Anything  presented  to  the  sight  for  the  purpose  of 

attracting  attention. 

Manifestation — Verbs. 

Appear.     To  come  forth  into  view.     See  Visibility. 

Be  manifest.     To  be  clear  or  plain  to  the  eye  or  understanding. 

Bring  forth.     Bring  into  view.  * 

Bring  forward.     To  bring  into  sight. 

Bring  into  notice.     To  bring  to  one's  attention. 

Bring  into  view.     To  bring  into  range  of  vision. 

Bring  out.     Ering  to  the  light. 

Bring  out  in  strong  relief.  To  bring  to  view  by  elevating  above  the 
ordinary  level. 

Bring  to  light.  To  make  clear  or  plain  by  bringing  from  the  dark- 
ness. 

Bring  to  the  front.     To  bring  into  the  direct  line  of  sight. 

Call  into  notice.     To  call  attention  to. 

Demonstrate.     To  point  out ;  to  make  clear. 

Disclose.     To  bring  to  view  by  uncovering. 

Display.     To  spread  out.  open,  or  unfold. 

Draw  out.     Bring  from  darkness  to  light. 

Elicit.     To  bring  forth,  as  by  some  inducement. 

Exhibit.     To  set  forth  for  inspection. 

Exoose.     To  disclose  the  real  character  or  meaning  of. 

Expose  to  view.     To  display  openly. 

Express.     To  set  forth  or  clear  to  the  understanding. 

Give  indication  of.     To  point  out  something  not  generally  known. 

Give  notice.     To  inform  by  any  means 

Give  sign.     To  point  out  to  the  eye. 

Give  token.     To  recall  or  point  out  to  the  mind. 

Hold  up  to  the  mirror.     To  reveal  to  oneself. 

Hold  up  to  view.     To  expose  to  the  eye. 

Indicate.     To  point  out.     See  Heed 

Lay  before  oner's  eyes.}  To  bring  into  the  direct  Hne  of  sifiht- 
Lay  open.     To  uncover  to  sight. 

Make  manifest.     To  make  clear  to  the  eye  or  mind.     See  Adjectives. 
Maka  no  mystery  of.     To  make  clear  something  unknown  or  unex- 
plained. 
Make  no  secret  of.     To  reveal  something  known  only  to  a  few. 


Adumbration.     A  slight  shadow  or  faint  resemblance 

Anagoge.     A  spiritual  or  mystical  meaning. 

Cabala.     A  doctrine  which  teaches  that  every  letter,  word,  number, 

and  accent  of  Scripture  contains  a  hidden  sense. 
Concealment.     The  act  of  hiding  or  withdrawing  from  sight.     Sea 

sub  Concealment. 
Darkness.     That  which  is  hidden  or  invisible  on  account  of  total  or 

partial  absence  of  light. 
Hidden  meaning.     An  intention  or  purpose  hidden  by  the  intention 

stated. 
Imperceptibility.     That  which  is  hidden  from  sight  or  mind. 
Implication.     That  which  is  implied  but  not  expressed. 
Inexpression.     That  which  is  hidden  because  it  cannot  be  told  in 

words. 
Insinuation.     A  suggestion  by  distant  allusion. 
Invisibility.     That  which  is  hidden  from  the  eye. 
Latency.     State  of  being  hidden  or  invisible. 
he  dessotis  des  cartes  [F.J.     The  secret  of  an  affair. 
Mystery.     Something  unknown  or  unexplained. 

Occult  mean  ng.    A  meaninp  that  is  not  immediately  or  easily  known. 
Occukness.     State  or  quality  of  being  hidden  from  the  eye  or  under- 

standing 
Secret.     Something  known  only  to  one  or  a  few  and  kept  from  others. 
Silence.     Absence  of  sound  or  noise;    hidden  from  the  ear.     See 

Taciturnity 
Snake  in  the  grass.     A  secret  or  treacherous  enemy.     See  Pitfall. 
Something  rotten  in  the  state  of  Denmark.     [Shakespeare,  Hamlet, 

I.  4-J 
Undercurrent.     Feeling  or  opinion  in  the  direction  contrary  to  that 
which  is  publicly  shown. 

Latency — Denotations. 

Allusion.     A  hint  at  something  hidden. 

Delphic  oracle.     A  famous  oracle  at  Delphi  which  made  known  the 

commands  or  wishes  of  the  gods. 
Innuendo.     An  indirect  hint  usually  derogatory  to  a  person  not 

named.     See  Enlightenment. 

More  than  meets  the  ear.)   .  ,    ...      ,      .     t.  e  .. 

.,        ..        _     .    ..  t  A  holding  back  or  information. 

More  than  meets  the  eye./  ^ 

Latency —  Verbs. 

Allude  to.  To  carry  the  mind  or  thought  to  something  not  plainly 
known  by  means  of  another  thing  connected  with  it. 

Be  latent.     To  be  hidden  or  invisible.     See  Adjectives. 

Escape  detection.     To  remain  hidden  or  unknown. 

Escape  observation.     To  remain  covered  or  hidden  from  sight. 

Escape  recognition.     To  be  unknown. 

Imply.     To  cive  a  meaning  to  which  is  not  expressed. 

Infer.  Produce  or  bring  forward  from  something  not  clearly  under- 
stood. 

Involve.     Hide  from  sight  or  understanding. 

Keep  back.     Withhold  from  sight  or  meaning.     See  Secrecy. 

Laugh  in  one's  sleeve.  To  laugh  secretly  or  so  as  not  to  be  observed; 
especially,  while  showing  a  grave  or  serious  countenance  to  the 
person  laughed  at. 

Leave  an  inference.     Having  a  meaning  beyond  that  expressed. 

Lie  hid.     See  Secrecy. 

Lurk.  To  lie  hidden  in  order  to  make  an  unexpected  attack  or  to 
escape  notice. 

Make  no  sign.  Be  hidden.  "  He  dies  and  makes  no  sign. "*  [Shake- 
speare, Henry  VI,  II,  iii,  2.] 

Smolder.     Exist  in  a  hidden  or  suppressed  state. 

Underlie.     To  be  covered. 

Understand.     To  learn. 

Whisper.  To  utter  in  a  low  and  unvocal  tone  so  as  not  to  be  gen* 
erally  heard. 


MANIFESTATION. 


642 


^MANIFESTATION— LATENCY . 


MANIFESTATION— LATENCY— Continued. 


MANIFESTATION— Verbs— Continued. 


Latency — Adjectives. 


■  To  bring  to  view 


Manifest  oneself-     To  show  or  make  clear  one's  own  actions  or 

intentions 
Place  before  one. 
Place  before  one's  eyes.  J 
Proclaim.     To  make  known  publicly.     See  Publicity. 
Produce.     To  bring  from  the  unknown  to  the  known. 
Put  through  one's  paces.     To  reveal  the  actions  or  intentions  of  a 

person  as  of  a  horse  for  sale 
Rear  its  head .     To  show  above  the  ordinary 

Render  manifest.     To  make  clear  to  mind  or  eye.     See  Adjectives. 
Represent.     To  bring  before  the  mind,  as  by  words  or  pictures. 
Set  before  one.  \  Tq    lace  in  a       ition  to  be  seen 

Set  before  one  s  eyes. > 

Set  forth.     To  place  apart  from  other  things. 
Show.     To  cause  or  permit  to  be  seen. 

Show  one's  colors.  |  Tq  make  known  one.s  ideas  of  intentions. 
Show  one  s  face.    ) 

Show  up .     To  hold  a  person  or  thing  up  to  view ;  to  expose . 
Speak  for  itself.     To  be  clearly  seen  or  known  without  explanation. 
Stand  to  reason.     To  be  clear  and  plain 

Stare  one  in  the  face.     To  be  so  plain  that  no  mistake  can  be  made. 
Tell  its  own  tale.     To.be  clear  or  plain  without  proof      See   Clear- 
ness 
Tell  to  one's  face.     To  tell  openly 

Transpire.     To  come  gradually  from  secrecy  to  public  notice. 
Trot  out.     To  make  known. 

Unfurl  the  flag.     To  make  known  one's  intentions 
Unroll.     To  spread  or  open  to  the  light. 
Wear  one's  heart  upon  his  sleeve.     To  be  clear  and  open  in  thought 

and  action 

Manifestation — Adjectives 
Apparent.     Clearly  seen,  or  easily  understood. 
Arrant.     Unmitigated . 
Autoptical.     Seen  with  one  s  own  eyes. 
Bare.     Devoid  of  covering. 
Barefaced.     Impudent. 

Capable  of  being  shown.     That  may  be  proved. 
Clear.     Free  from  anything  that  dims  or  keeps  off  the  light. 
Clear  as  day.         "j 

Clear  as  daylight.  >  Figurative  degrees  of  clearness 
Clear  as  noonday.  J 
Conspicuous.     Clearly  visible  on  account  of  prominence.     See  sub 

Visibility 
Defined.     Made  clear  or  plain  by  marking  the  limits  or  outlines. 
Definite.     Known  with  exactness. 
Demonstrative.     Showing  clearly  or  plainly. 
Disclosed.     Brought  into  view  by  uncovering.     See  Exposure. 
Distinct.     Standing  apart,  or  clearly  seen  as  standing  apart  from 

other  things 
Downright.     Without  doubt ;  positive. 
Evident.     Plain  to  the  mind  or  senses. 
Exoteric.     Capable  of  being  readily  or  fully  seen. 
Explicit.     Expressed  plainly. 

Express.     Set  forth  or  declared  with  the  utmost  distinctness 
Flagrant.     Openly  wicked 
Frank.     Open  in  manner  and  disposition. 
Free-hearted.     Open    unreserved;  generous. 
Glaring.     Open  and  bold 

Inconcealable.     Not  able  to  be  hidden  from  the  light. 
Intelligible.     Capable  of  being  made  clear. 
In  the  foreground .     Near  the  eye. 
Literal.      Exact  or  plain  as  to  fact  or  detail. 
Manifest.     Clear  and  open. 
Manifested.     Plain      See  Verbs. 
Naked.     Exposed  to  light. 
Notable.     Clearly  seen,  conspicuous. 
Notorious.     Publicly  known   and   the  subject   of  general   remark, 

especially  unfavorable      See  Publicity. 
Not  to  be  mistaken.     Unmistakable. 
Obvious.     Easily  seen-  or  understood. 
Open.     Uncovered  to  the  light. 
Open  as  day.     Plain  and  clear  as  sunlight. 
Ostensible.     Proper  or  intended  to  be  shown. 
Overt.     Open  to  view. 

Palpable.     Readily  perceived  and  detected. 
Patent.     Open  to  everybody. 
Plain,     Readily  seen  or  understood. 
Plain  as  a  pike-staff.     Very  plain 
Plain  as  the  nose  on  one's  face. 

Plain  as  the  sun  at  noonday.  J*  Plain  as  it  can  be. 

Plain  as  the  way  to  parish  church. 


Allusive.     Having  reference  to  something  not  fully  expressed 

Bv  inference     "1  Shown  or  proved  to  be  in  connection  with. 

Concealed.     Hidden .     See  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

Constructive.     Not  directly  expressed,  but  derived  from. 

Covert.     Covered  over. 

Crooked.     Not  straightforward  in  conduct. 

Dark.     Without  light,   or  not  easily  understood. 

Delitescent.     Lying  hid. 

Dormant.     Not  shown.  ' 

Impenetrable.  Not  to  be  entered  by  light  See  Clearness-Ob- 
scurity. 

Implicit      Fairly  understood  though  not  expressed  in  words. 

Implied.  Contained  or  included,  though  not  directly  stated.  See 
Verbs. 

Indirect.     Not  in  direct  relation. 

Indiscoverable.     Not  to  be  brought  to  light  or  knowledge. 

Inferential.     Drawn  to  light. 

In  the  background.     Almost  out  of  view. 

Invisible.     Not  to  be  seen.     See  Visibility-Invisibility.    * 

Latent.     Hidden. 

Lurking.     Hiding  for  an  evil  purpose.     See  Verbs. 

Muffled.     Wrapped  up  so  as  to  conceal;   deaden  sound. 

Not  expressed.     Not  told  or  shown. 

Occult.     Hidden  from  observation  or  knowledge. 

Secret.     Unknown'to  all  but  a  few.     See  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

Steganographic.  Written  in  characters  which  are  not  intelligible 
except  to  persons  who  have  the  key. 

Tacit.     Done  or  made  in  silence. 

Unapparent.     Not  easily  seen. 

Unbreathed.     Not  told. 

Underground.!  g  j 

Underhand.     )        , 

Understood.     Made  clear  or  plain. 

Undeveloped.     Covered  or  folded. 

Undisclosed.     Kept  from  view      See  Exposure. 

Undiscovered.     Hidden  from  knowledge.     See  Discovery. 

Unexplained.     Kept  from  the  mind. 

Unexplored.     Not  made  known  to  sight. 

Unexposed.     Not  brought  to  light. 

Unexpressed.     Not  shown  or  told. 

Uninvented.     Not  in  existence. 

Unknown.     Hidden  from  the  mind. 

Unproclaimed.     Not  known  to  the  public. 

Unpublished.     Not  generally  known. 

Unsaid.     Known  to  but  one. 

Unseen.     Hidden  from  the  eye.     See  sub  Vision. 

Unsolved.     Not  clear  to  the  mind. 

Unspied.     Hidden  from  the  eye 

Unsung.     Not  celebrated  in  song  or  poetry. 

Unsuspected.  Not  regarded  as  having  done  an  evil  act;  not  brought 
into  light. 

Untalkedof.\ 

Untold. 

Untraced.     Not  marked  out  or  made  known. 

Untracked.     Not  known  by  following. 

Unwritten.     Not  written. 

Latency — Adverbs. 
Behind  one's  back.)  ~        ., 
Behind  the  scenes.  > 

By  a  side  wind.     By  indirect  means  or  influence. 
In  the  background.     At  a  distance. 

On  the  tip  of  one's  tongue.     To  be  on  the  point  of  telling. 
Secretly.     Kept  separate  or  hidden  from  view  or  knowledge.     S»e 

Enlightenment-Secrecy. 
Sub  silentio  [L.fl.     In  silence. 

Latency — Phrase. 

Thereby  hangs  a  tale.  Suggestion  of  something  more  than  is  told. 
[Shakespeare,  As  You  Like  It,  ii,  7.] 


■  See  Enlightenment. 


>■  Plain  as  it  c 


MANIFESTATION— Adjectives— Continued. 

Plain-spoken.     Spoken  with  plain,  unreserved  sincerity.     See  Art- 

lessness. 
Producible .     That  can  be  brought  to  light 
Prominent.     Easily  seen. 

Salient.     Easily  seen  because  projecting  above  everything. 
Self-evident.     Requiring  no  proof  of  the  truth. 
Starkstaring.     Showing  with  undue  prominence. 


MANIFESTATION. 


643 


MANY. 


MANIFESTATION— Adjectives— Continued. 


Striking.     Impressive. 

Unconcealable.      Not  to  be  hidden  from  the  light. 
Undisguised.      Not  hidden  or  concealed 


Unmistakable .     That  cannot  be  taken  for  something  else. 
Unreserved.     Not  withheld  in  part. 
Unshaded.     Allowed  to  come  to  the  full  light. 


Manifestation — Adverbs. 


Aboveboard.     Openly. 

At  first  blush.     First  view  or  glance. 

Before  one's  eyes.     In  plain  sight. 

Cartes  sur  table  [F  0      To  deal  frankly,  openly. 

Face  to  face.     In  plain  view. 

In  broad  daylight.  \ 

In  open  daylight.    >  As  plainly  and  clearly  as  possible. 

In  the  face  of  day.) 

In  market-overt.  "j 

In  open  court.  >  Publicly. 

In  the  face  of  heaven.) 


In  set  terms.     Spoken  plainly  and  exactly. 

In  the  open  streets.     Publicly. 

Manifestly.     Openly;  plainly. 

On  the  face  of.     In  sight. 

On  the  stage.     In  public. 

Openly.     Plainly.     See  Adjectives. 

Prima  facie  [L-IJ.     At  first  view. 

To  one's  face         }0       , 

Under  one  s  nose. i     r 

Without  reserve.     Not  withholding  a  part. 


Manifestation — Phrases 
That  leaps  to  the  eyes;  quickly  seen  or 


Cela  saute  aux  yeux  [F.||. 
understood 

Cela  va  sans  dire  [F]      It  goes  without  saying. 

Fari  quts  sentiat  [L  ].     To  speak  what  one  thinks. 

He  that  runs  may  read.     A  phrase  denoting  something  easily  under- 
stood. 

It  needs  no  ghost  to  tell  us.     Evident. 


The  thing  speaks  for  itself;  selt-explana- 


Res  ipsa   loquitur    [L.]. 

tory 

The  meaning  lies  on  the  surface .     Clear  without  proof. 
Volto  sciolto  e  pensieri  stretti  [It.].       Countenance  open  and  thoughts 

closed. 
You  can  see  it  with  half  an  eye.     Plainly. 


man"-i-fes'-ted.    Clear.     Manifestation-Latency. 

man"-i-fes'-ted-ly.    Clearly.   Manifestation-Latency. 

man"-i-fes'-to.     A  proclamation.     Publicity. 

man'-i-fold.  Numerous;  complicated.  Multiplicity- 
Paucity,  Uniformity-Multiformity 

man'-i-kin.  A  model  of  the  human  body;  a  dwarf. 
Delineation-Caricature,  Greatness-Littleness. 

man'-i-ple.  A  division  of  a  Roman  legion.  Multi- 
plicity-Paucity. 

ma-nip'-u-late.  To  handle  dexterously;  to  manage. 
Touch,  Use-Disuse. 

ma-nip"-u-la'-tion.     Management.     Conduct. 

man"-kind'.  The  whole  human  race.  Ethnology, 
Humanity. 

man'-U-hood.     Manliness.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

man'-like.    Masculine.     Strength-Weakness. 

man'-li-ness.     Gentlemanly.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

man'-ly.  Having  the  qualities  of  a  man.  Bravery- 
Cowardice,  Male-Female,  Manhood,  Strength- 
Weakness. 

Mann,  der  kranke  [G.]  (man,  der  kran'-ke).  The  sick 
man.     Might-Impotence. 

Mann  nicht  kann  meiden,  muss  Mann  willigleiden,  was 
[G.]  (vas  man  niHt  kan  mai'-den,  mus  man  vil'-lin 
lai'-den).  What  can't  be  cured  must  be  endured. 
Volition-Obligation. 

man'-na.  A  kind  of  food.  Sweetness-Acidity;  manna 
in  the  wilderness,  Obstruction-Help,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness. 

man'-ner.  Behavior;  kind;  style.  Conduct,  Division, 
Style,  Way;  by  no  manner  of  means,  Readiness- 
Reluctance;  in  a  manner,  Magnitude-Smallness; 
to  the  manner  born,  Subjectiveness-Objective- 
ness. 

man'-nered.     Having  a  certain  way.     Purity-Crude- 

NESS. 

man'-ner-ism.  Peculiarity  of  style  or  manner.  Con- 
ceit -  Diffidence,  Conventionality  -  Unconven- 
tionally, Society-Affectation,  Universality- 
Particularity. 

man'-ner-ly.     Polite.      Politeness-Impoliteness. 

man'-ners.  Politeness;  breeding.  Politeness-Impo- 
liteness, Society-Ludicrousness. 

man'-or.  A  landed  estate.  Property;  lord  of  the 
manor,  Holder;  manor  house,  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

ma-no'-ri-al.     Of  a  manor.     Property. 

manse.     A  parsonage.     Fane. 


man'— serv"-ant.  A  serving-man.  Chief-Underling, 
Male-Female. 

man'-sion.     A  large  dwelling.     Dweller-Habitation. 

man'-slaugh"-ter.  Killing  of  man  by  man.  Life- 
KilLing. 

man'-sue-tude .  Tameness.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness. 

man'-tel-et.  A  small  mantle  worn  by  women ;  a  screen 
to  protect  defenders.  Attack-Defense,  Dress- 
Undress. 

man'-tel-piece".  A  shelf  above  the  fireplace.  Suspen- 
sion-Support. 

man'-tel-shelf".  The  shelf  forming  a  usual  part  of  a 
mantel.     Suspension-Support. 

man-til'-la.      A  light  cape.     Dress-Undress. 

man'-tle.  To  cover;  a  loose  cloak;  a  hood  for  a  gas- 
flame;  to  flush.  Dress-Undress,  Emotion,  En- 
largement-Diminution, Excitation,  Favorite- 
Anger,  Luminary-Shade,  Redness-Greenness, 
Scepter,  Viscidity-Foam. 

man'-tlet.  A  musket-proof  roof;  a  short  cloak.  At- 
tack-Defense, Dress-Undress. 

man-tol'-o-gy.     Art  of  divination.     Prophecy. 

man'-tu-a.     A  woman's  loose  cloak.     Dress-Undress. 

man'-u-al.  A  handbook;  done  with  the  hands.  Ad- 
vice, Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Missive-Publica- 
tion, School;  manual  labor,  Toil- Relaxation. 

ma-nu'-bi-al.     Taken  in  war.     Plunder. 

man"-u-fac'-to-ry.  A  building  for  manufacturing 
Workshop. 

man"-u-fac'-ture.  The  product  of  manufacturing;  to 
make.  Creation -Destruction,  Labor -Capital, 
Nature-Art. 

man"-u-fac'-tured.     Not  natural.     Nature-Art. 

man"-u-fac'-tur-er.     One  who  manufactures.     Agent. 

manu  forti  [L.  ]  (men'-yu  for'-tai) .  With  a  strong  hand. 
Determination- Vacillation,  Harshness -Mild- 
ness, Toil-Relaxation. 

man"-u-mis'-sion.  Act  of  freeing.  Release-Re- 
straint. 

man"-u-mit'.      Release.     Release-Restraint. 

man'-u-mo"-tor.  A  hand-carriage  for  invalids.  Con- 
veyance-Vessel. 

ma-nure'.  Dung.  Cleanness  -Filthiness,  Domes- 
tication-Agriculture, Obstruction-Help. 

man'-u-script.  Written  by  hand.  Writing-Print- 
ing. 

man'-y.     A  great  number;   numerous.     Multiplicity- 


MANY. 


644 


MARK— OBLITERATION. 


Paucity;  for  many  a  day,  Lastingness-Transient- 
ness;  many  irons  in  the  fire,  Activity-Indolence; 
many  men  many  minds,  Assent-Dissent;  many 
times,  Frequency-Rarity,  Recurrence;  the  many, 
Gentility-Commonalty. 

man'-y-col"-ored.  Having  many  colors.  Variega- 
tion. 

man'-y-si"-ded.  Having  many  sides.  Laterality- 
Contraposition,     Uniformity-Multiformity. 

man'-y-tongued'.  Having  many  tongues.  Tid- 
ings. 

map.  A  chart;  to  plan.  Delineation-Caricature, 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Position;  map  out,  De- 
sign. 

mar.  To  spoil;  to  obstruct.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion. Obstruction-Help. 

Ma-rai.     A  Polynesian  temple.     Fane. 

mar"-a-na'-tha.  Word  used  in  anathematizing.  Chari- 
tableness-Curse. 

ma-ras'-mus.  A  wasting  away.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Enlargement-Diminution,  Health-Sick- 
ness. 

ma-raud'.     Topillage.     Theft. 

ma-raud'-er.     One  who  pillages.     Robber. 

mar'-ble.  A  little  ball;  stone;  cold;  tablet.  Hard- 
ness-Softness, Roundness,  Sculpture,  Sensi- 
tiveness-Apathy, Writing- Printing. 

mar'-bled.     Spotted.     Variegation. 

mar'-ble-heart"-ed.  Hard  -  hearted.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence. 

march.  To  proceed;  a  piece  of  music;  a  walk.  Ad- 
vance-Retrogression, Extension-District,  Mu- 
sic, Traveling-Navigation;  dead  march,  Life- 
Funeral;  forced  march,  Hurry-Leisure;  march 
against,  Attack-Defense;  march  of  events,  Occur- 
rence-Destiny; march  off,  Arrival-Departure; 
march  of  intellect,  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Knowledge-Ignorance;  march  of  time,  Period- 
Progress;  march  on  a  point,  Aim-Aberration; 
march  past,  Pomp;  on  the  march,  Movement-Rest; 
steal  a  march,  Activity-Indolence,  Craft-Art- 
lessness,  Leading-Following,  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

March,  Ides  of.  The  fifteenth  of  March.  Volition- 
Obligation. 

march'-es.      Regions.     Boundary. 

mar'-chion-ess.  Wife  of  a  marquis.  Gentility-Com- 
monalty. 

march'-man.  A  man  dwelling  on  a  frontier.  Dwell- 
er-Habitatig.j. 

mar'-cid.     Lean.     Breadth-Narrowness. 

mar'-cor.  A  wasting  away.  Breadth-Narrow- 
ness. 

mare.      A   female  horse.      Conveyer,  Male-Female; 


mare's  nest,  Truthfulness-Fabrication;  mare'i 
tail,  River- Wind,  Viscidity-Foam. 

ma-ren'-go.     Coin.     Values. 

mar'-e-schal.     A  marshal.     Chief-Underling. 

marge.     An  edge.     Border. 

mar -gin.  Border;  difference  between  cost  and  selling 
price;  latitude.  Border,  Excess-Lack,  Exten- 
sion-District, Liberty-Subjection. 

mar'-gin-al.     Pertaining  to  a  margin.     Border. 

mar'-gin-ate.     To  margin.     Border. 

mar'-grave.  A  German  governor.  Chief-Underling, 
Gentility-Commonalty.1 

mar'-gra-vine  Wife  of  a  margrave.  Chief-Under- 
ling. 

mariage  de  convenance  [F.]  (ma-riazh'  de  con'-ve- 
nan's').  Marriage  of  convenience.  Matrimony- 
Celibacy. 

ma-rine'.  A  soldier;  naval.  Belligerent,  Convey- 
ance-Vessel, Ocean-Land,  Wayfarer-Seafarer; 
marine  painter,  Artist;  marine  painting,  Painting; 
tell  it  to  the  marines,  Adage-Nonsense. 

mar'-i-ner.  A  sailor.  Traveling-Navigation,  Way- 
farer-Seafarer. 

Ma"-ri-ol'-a-try.  Worship  of  Mary.  Devotion- 
Idolatry. 

mar"-i-o-nette'.  A  puppet.  Acting,  Delineation- 
Caricature. 

mar'-ish.     Marshy.     Swamp-Island. 

mar'-i-tal.     Of  marriage.     Matrimony-Celibacy. 

mar'-i-time.  Oceanic;  marine.  Ocean-Land,  Trav- 
eling-Navigation. 

mark.  To  observe;  distinction;  record;  degree. 
Choice-Neutrality,  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Heed-Disregard,  Mark-Obliteration,  Mind-Im- 
becility, Purpose-Luck,  Quantity -Measure, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Sign,  Station;  beyond  the 
mark,  Transcursion-Shortcoming;  leave  one's 
mark,  Reputation-Discredit;  man  of  mark,  Gen- 
tility-Commonalty, Reputation-Discredit;  mark 
off,  Mark-Obliteration;  mark  of  recognition,  Po- 
liteness-Impoliteness; mark  out,  Choice-Neu- 
trality; mark  time,  Chronology-Anachronism, 
Movement-Rest;  mark  with  a  red  letter,  Solemni- 
zation; mark  v/ith  a  white  stone,  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Consequence-Insignificance;  near  the 
mark,  Remoteness-Nearness;  overshoot  the  mark, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  put  a  mark  upon,  Heed- 
Disregard;  save  the  mark,  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance; up  to  the  mark,  Dueness-Undueness, 
Enough,  Goodness-Badness,  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness; wide  of  the  mark,  Remoteness-Nearness, 
Truth-Error;  within  the  mark,  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming. 


MARK— OBLITERATION. 


Acts  of.     The  record  of  the  doings  of. 

Affidavit.     A  sworn  statement  in  writing  made  before  the  proper 

authorities. 
Almanac.    )  A  book  or  table  containing  a  calendar  of  days,  weeks, 
Almanack,  t       and  months,  and  astronomical  data. 
Annals.     A  record  of  events  in  their  chronological  order;  history. 
Archives.     Public  or  state  documents  which  are  or  may  be  of  historic 

interest;   also,  in  singular,  the  place  where  they  are  kept. 
Biography.     The  written  history  of  a  person's  life. 
Blue-book.    A  book  of  information  in  regard  to  affairs  of  government 
Booking.     The  act  of  registering  in  a  book. 

Calendar.     Table  or  orderly  arrangement  of  the  divisions  of  time. 
Cedilla.     Mark,  indicating  the  soft  sound  of  "c.** 
Celebration.     A  joyful  or  solemn  demonstration. 
Certificate.     Written  evidence  as  to  the  qualifications  of  a  person  or 

the  truth  of  a  statement. 
Chronicle.     A  record  of  events  arranged  chiefly  with  regard  to  the 

order  of  their  occurrence;  history.     See  History. 
Cicatrix  [L.J.      The  mark  or  scar  left  after  the  healing  of  a  wound. 

See  Scar. 


Blot.     A  spot  or  stain  which  covers  up  something  that  was  written 

before. 
Cancel.     The  striking  out  of  printed  or  written  matter,  usually  by 

drawing  lines  through. 
Cancelation.     The  act  or  process  of  canceling.     See  Cancel. 
Circumduction.     The  act  or  process  of  nullifying  or  canceling.     Se« 

Cancbl. 
Deletion.     The  act  of  erasing  or  rendering  extinct. 
Erasure.     The  act  of  erasing.     See  sub  Erase. 
Obliteration.     The  act  of  obliterating.     See  Obliterate 
Razure.     An  erasure.     See  sub  Erasure. 
Tabula  rasa  [L.].     An  erased  or  blank  tablet. 

Obliteration —  Verbs. 

Apply  the  sponge.     To  use  the  sponge  in  removing  written  matter. 

as  from  a  blackboard. 
Be  effaced,  etc      See  Efface. 

Blot  out .     To  cover  with  a  stain  or  blot  so  as  not  to  be  seen  or  read. 
Cancel.     To  strike  out.  as  an  account;  usually  by  drawing  lin«« 

through. 


MARK. 


645 


MARK— OBLITERATION. 


MARK— OBLITERATION— Continued. 


Column.     A  shaft  or  obelisk. 

Commemoration.     An  observance  in  honor  of  some  person  or  event. 

Compte  rendu  [F.].     The  written  report  of  an  agent  or  official. 

Copy.     A  transcript  or  reproduction  of  an  original. 

Deed.     A  written  instrument  for  the  transfer  of  property. 

Deposition.     Testimony  reduced  to  writing. 

Diary.     A  register  of  daily  events. 

Diptych.     A  writing  on  two  leaves  or  folds. 

Docket.     A  list  or  calendar  of  business  matters. 

Document.     Written  matter  usually  of  a  legal  nature. 

Domesday  book.     A  statistical  survey  of  England  made  by  William 

the  Conqueror. 
Dottings.     Marks  indicating  repetition. 
Duplicate.     A   written   paper  which  contains  the  same  matter  as 

another  and  has  the  same  force. 
Enrolment.     The  written  record  of  those  belonging. 
Entry.     The  record  made  of  any  event  or  action. 
Ephemeris.     A  diary. 
Footmark.     Footprint.     See  Footprint.  - 
Footprint.     The  impression  made  by  a  foot. 
Footstep.     A  footprint.     See  Footprint. 
Gazette.    \   . 
r.J  A 


newspaper. 


Gazetteer. 

Hansard's  debates.     The  official  report  of  the  proceedings  of  the 

British  Parliament. 
Hatchment.     The  armorial  bearings  of  a  deceased  person. 
History.     A  systematic  account  of  the  events  of  the  past. 
Indorsement.     That  which  is  written  on  the  back  of  any  paper  or 

document. 
Inrolment.     See  Enrolment. 

Inscription.     That  which  is  written  on  or  engraved  in. 
Jottings.     Short  notes  or  memoranda. 

Legend.     A  motto,  usually  inscribed  on  a  coin,  medal,  or  banner. 
Log.     The  record  of  a  ship's  daily  progress. 
Magazine.     A  pamphlet  published  periodically. 
Mark.     A  visible  impression  made  or  left  upon  anything. 
Medal.     A  piece  of  metal  struck  with  a  device,  intended  to  preserve 

the  remembrance  of  something. 
Memento.     Anything  given  to  awaken  memory. 
Memorandum.     A  brief  note. 

Memorial.     Anything  intended  to  preserve  the  memory,  as  a  tablet. 
Minute.     A  brief  record  of,  as  of  a  business  meeting;  usually  in  the 

plural. 
Monolith.     A  pillar,  monument,  or  obelisk,  of  a  single  stone. 
Muniment.     Any  record  or  written  evidence  that  can  be  used  to 

defend  a  title. 
Newspaper.     A  public  print  that  circulates  news. 
Notch.     A  hollow  or  nick  intended  to  mark. 
Note.     A  brief  record;   a  memorandum. 
Obelisk.     An  upright  pillar  or  monument. 
Pillar.     A  monument 
Pist.     The  track  of  a  horseman;  a  trail. 
Proceedings  of.     See  Transactions  of. 

Proces  verbal  [F.J       An  authentic  record  of  an  official  act  or  state- 
ment. 
Record.     Any  writing  or  other  means  of  preserving  and  handing 

down  the  knowledge  and  events  of  the  past. 
Recorder.     One  who  records  or  marks. 

Register.     A  formal  written  record,  as  of  facts  or  names:  a  roll. 
Registration.     An  official  written  record,  as  of  names;  an  enrolment. 
Registry.     A  written  record,  as  of  facts  or  statements;  a  registration. 
Relic.     Some  part  that  is  left,  the  remainder  of  which  has  been  lost 

or  destroyed;   anything  preserved  in  remembrance. 
Remains.     That  which  is  left  after  destruction;  the  ruins.     We  may 

have  remains  at  any  tim  i ,  but  relics  only  after  the  lapse  of  time. 
Return.     An  official  report. 
Scar.     A  mark  remaining  after  the  healing  of  a  wound  or  sore.     See 

Cicatrix. 
Scent.     The  trace  of  odor  left  on  the  ground  by  an  animal  in  passing 

over. 
Scroll.     A  writing  forn  ed  into  a  roll. 
Signature      A  person's  name  or  mark  appended  to  some  paper  or 

document. 
Slab.     A  piece  of  stone  intended  as  a  marker. 

State  paper.     An  official  communication  on  state  affairs,  as  a  presi- 
dent's message. 
Statistics.     Tabulated  facts. 

Tablet.     A  flat  piece  of  metal,  etc.,  containing  a  memorial  inscrip- 
tion. 
Tabulation.      A  systematic  arrangement  of  facts  in  tables. 
Testimonial.     Written  evidence  as  to  one's  character  or  ability;  a 
certificate.     See    Certificate.     A    certificate    is    usually    more 
official  than  a  testimonial. 


OBLITERATION— Verbs— Continued. 

Deface.     To  render  illegible  in  part,  as  an  inscription. 

Draw  the  pen  through.     To  cancel.     See  Cancel. 

Efface.     To  render  illegible  in  any  manner  by  direct  action. 

Erase.     To  scratch  or  rub  out. 

Expunge.     Literally,  to  pick  out  with  a  sharp  instrument;  to  strike 

out  as  of  no  account. 
Leave  not  a  rack  behind.     Literally,  to  leave  not  a  bit  of  cloud  or 

flying  vapor  behind;  to  leave  no  trace  or  vestige.     [Shakespeare 

Tempest.] 
Leave  no  trace  of.     Obliterate. 

Obliterate.     To  render  illegible  in  any  manner  whatever. 
Rase.     To  erase.     See  Erase. 
Render  illegible.     Make  unreadable. 
Rub  off    )  To  erase      See  sub  Eras 
Rub  out.) 
Scratch  out.     To  remove  written  matter  by  scratching,  as  with  a 

knife. 
Sponge  out.     See  Apply  the  sponge. 
Strikeout.     To  expunge.     See  Expunge, 
Washout.   1 
Wipe  away.  >To  erase. 
Wipe  out.     J 

Obliteration — Adjectives. 

Intestate.     Not  disposed  of  by  will. 

Leaving  no  trace.     Leaving  no  mark. 

Obliterated,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Out  of  print.     No  longer  on  sale,  the  edition  being  exhausted. 

Printless.     Bearing  no  print  or  impression. 

Unrecorded.     Not  preserved  in  writing. 

Unregistered.     Not  entered  in  the  register. 

Unwritten.     Not  put  down  in  writing. 

Obliteration — Interjections. 
Dele  [L.J.     Blot  out;  destroy. 
Out  with  it. 

Obliteratio  n — Phrase. 
Delenda  est  Carthago  [L.fl.     Carthage  must  be  destroyed.     [Cato.] 


MARK— Continued. 

Tilde.     A  diacritical  sign  used  in  writing  the  Spanish  language. 
Trace.     A  visib'e  continued  mark  left  behind  which  may  aid  in  di« 

covering  present  conditions  or  whereabouts. 
Track.     An  impression  or  footprint;  a  well-beaten  course. 
Trail.     A  route  or  path  through  the  forest. 
Transactions  of.     Minutes  or  records  of  what  has  been  done,  as  at  a 

meeting  of  a  society. 
Trophy.     A  memento  or  token  of  victory. 
Vestige.     A  trace;  originally  a  footprint;  any  remains  of  the  works 

of  men. 
Wake.     The  track  left  by  a  vessel  in  the  water. 

Mark — Associated  Nouns. 

Commonplace-book.     A  book  of  miscellaneous  notes  and  memo- 
randa. 

Day-book.     A  book  in  which  business  transactions  are  recorded  in 
the  order  of  their  occurrence. 

Journal.     A  daily  paper;  a  diary;  also,  the  book  in  which  are  en- 
tered the  accounts  from  the  day-book  in  condensed  form. 

Ledger.     The  final  account-book  in  business  transactions  containing 
the  debits  and  credits  of  each  man. 

Memorandum-book.     A  note-book.     See  sub  Note-book 

Monument.     That  which  stands  or  remains  to  preserve  the  memory. 

Note-book.     A  small  book  in  which  are  taken  down  all  sorts  of  ob 
servations  and  memoranda. 

Pigeonholes.     Small  openings  in  a  bookcase  or  writing-desk  for  filing 
papers. 

Pocketbook.     A  note-book.     See  sub  Note-book 

Portfolio.     A  portable  case  for  holding  writing  materials  and  docu- 
ments. 

Mark — Collective  Nouns. 

Adversaria.     A  collection  of  miscellaneous  notes  and  remarks. 

Cartulary.     A  collection  of  legal  papers. 

Excerpta.     A  collection  of  extracts  and  quotations. 

Mark — Verbs. 
Book.     To  enter  in  a  book;  record 
Calendar.     To  register  in  a  calendar. 

Chronicle.     To  arrange  in  chronological  order.     See  Chronicle. 
Commemorate.     To  preserve  the  memory  of  by  proper  observance*. 


MARK. 


646 


MARSHAL 


MARK — Vhrbs — Continued. 


Commit  to  writing.    To  record  in  writing. 
Enroll.     To  enter  in  a  rolJ  or  register. 
Enter.     To  insert  in  writing. 

File.     To  systematically  arrange  papers  for  future  reference. 
Hand  down  to  posterity.     Record. 
Inscroll.     To  write  on  a  scroll- 
Insert.     To  write  in,  as  a  name  in  a  register. 
Jot  down.     To  note  down. 
Keep  up  the  memory  of.     Commemorate. 
Make  a  memorandum  of.     To  take  a  note  of. 
Make  a  minute  of.     To  take  a  brief  note  of. 
Make  an  entry  of.     To  make  a  formal  or  official  record  of. 
Make  a  note  of.     Write  down. 

Make  a  return.     To  make  an  official  report,  as  of  an  election. 
Mark.     To  keep  record  of  by  means  of  marks.     See  Mark. 
Mark  off.     To  keep  a  record  of  by  checking  off. 
Minute.     To  make  a  brief  summary  of;  to  place  on  official  record. 
Note  down.     To  make  a  brief  note  of  in  writing. 
Post.     To  transfer  accounts  from  the  original  books  of  entry  to  the 

ledger. 
Put  down.     To  write  down,  as  a  name. 


Put  down  in  black  and  white.    To  put  down  in  writing 

Put  down  in  writing.     Write  down. 

Put  on  paper.     To  record  in  writing. 

Put  upon  record.     To  put  down  in  writing;  to  make  record  of. 

Record.  To  preserve  by  committing  to  writing;  to  make  record  of 
See  Mark. 

Reduce  to  writing.     To  put  verbal  matter  in  the  form  of  writing. 

Register.     To  enter  in  the  register,  as  one's  name. 

Report.  To  give  a  written  account  of,  or  to  make  an  official  state- 
ment. 

Set  down.     To  put  in  writing. 

Set  down  in  black  and  white.     To  set  down  in  writing. 

Set  down  in  writing.     Make  a  record  of. 

Sign.  'To  append  one's  name  or  its  equivalent  to  any  paper  of 
document. 

Take  a  memorandum.     Make  a  note. 

Take  a  minute  of.     To  take  a  summarized  record  of. 

Take  a  note  of.     Set  down  in  writing. 

Take  down.     To  take  a  note  of  in  writing. 

Tick  off.     To  check  off  by  making  a  small  mark  against. 


Mark — Adverb. 


On  record.     Written  down  officially. 


marked.  Affirmed;  great.  Assertion-Denial,  Mag- 
nitude-Smallness;  in  a  marked  degree,  Magnitude- 
Smallness;  well  marked,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

mar'-ket.  To  buy;  mart.  Buying-Sale,  Market; 
bring  to  market,  Buying-Sale;  buy  in  the  cheapest 
and  sell  in  the  dearest  market,  Exchange  ;  in  the  mar- 
ket, Buying-Sale,  Exchange,  Proffer-Refusal; 
market-overt,  Manifestation -Latency,  Market; 
market-place,  Dweller-Habitation,  Market;  mar- 
ket price,  Price-Discount;  rig  the  market,  Ex- 
change. 

MARKET. 

Bazaar.     An  Oriental  m  arket-place  or  range  of  shops. 

Booth.     A  temporary  structure  at  a  fair  or  market. 

Bourse.     A  place  where  merchants  and  bankers  meet  for  business  at 

certain  hours. 
Bureau.     An  office  where  business  requiring  writing  is  transacted. 
Chambers.     A  hall  where  a  deliberative  assembly  meets. 
Change.     A  building  set  apart  for  mercantile  transactions. 
Compter.)  A  table  or  board  on  which  money  is  counted  and  over 
Counter.  )       which  business  is  transacted. 
Counting-house.     The  house  or  room  in  which  a  merchant,  trader, 

or  manufacturer  keeps   his   books  and   transacts   business. 
Custom-house.     The   place    appointed   by   the  government   where 

duties  upon  merchandise  are  collected. 
Dipot  [F  ]      A  pk.ee  of  deposit  for  the  storing  of  goods. 
Emporium  [L  ].     A  place  of  trade. 
Entrepot  [F  j).     A  distributing  commercial  center. 
Establishment.     Any  office  or  place  of  business  with  its  fixtures. 
Exchange.     The  place  where  the  merchants,  brokers,  and  bankers 

meet  at  certain  hours  to  transact  business. 
Fair.     An  exhibit  and  sale  of  manufactured  and  agricultural  prod- 
ucts. 
Guildhall.     The  hall   where  an  association  of  persons  engaged  in 

kindred  pursuits  meets. 
Hall.     A  trade-building 
Interposit.     A  depot  or  station  between  one  commercial  city  and 

another. 
Market.     A  meeting  of  people,  at  a  stated  time  and  place,  for  the 

purpose  of  trade. 
Market-overt.     An  open  market. 
Market-place.     An  open  square  or  place  in  a  town  where  markets  or 

public  sales  are  held. 
Mart.     A  place  of  public  traffic. 
Office.     A  place  where  a  particular  kind  of  business  or  service  is 

transacted. 
Shop.     A  place  for  the  regular  sale  of  articles  at  retail. 
Stall.     A  small  booth  or  compartment  in  a  street,  market,  etc.,  for 

the  sale  of  anything. 
Staple.     Any  article  that  is  regularly  or  constantly  produced  and 

sold.     See  Store. 
Store.     A  place  of  deposit  for  goods. 

Tattersall's.  A  market  in  London  for  the  sale  and  exchange  of  horses. 
Toll-booth.     A  place  where  goods  are  weighed  to  ascertain  the  duties 

or  toll. 


Warehouse.     A  storehouse  for  goods.  • 

Wareroom.     A  room  in  which  goods  are  stored  or  exhibited  for  sale. 
Wharf.     A  structure  or  platform  to  receive  and  discharge  cargo. 

mar'-ket-a-ble.  Suitable  for  sale.  Buying-Sale,  Ex- 
change. 

marks'-man.    One  who  shoots  well.    Adept-Bungler. 

marks'-man-ship.  Marksman's  skill.  Skill-Unskil- 
fulness. 

marl.    A  clay  and  sand  deposit.    Ocean-Land. 

mar'-ma-lade.   A  preserve.    Sweetness-Acidity. 

mar'-mot.    An  animal.    Activity-Indolence. 

ma-roon'.  A  color.  Gray-Brown,  Redness-Green- 
ness. 

mar'-plot".  One  who  mars  a  plan.  Adept-Bungler, 
Benefactor-Evildoer,  Obstruction-Help. 

marque,  let'-ters  of.     A  license  of  reprisal.    Theft. 

mar-quee'.     Outer  flap  or  roof.     Cover-Lining. 

mar'-quet-ry.     Inlaid  work.      Variegation. 

mar'-quis.    A  title.     Gentility-Commonalty. 

mar'-quis-ate.  The  rank  of  a  marquis.  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

mar'-riage.  Union  of  man  and  woman  in  wedlock. 
Matrimony-Celibacy;  ill-assorted  marriage,  Mat- 
rimony-Celibacy. 

mar'-riage-a-ble.  Fitted  for  marriage.  Manhood, 
Matrimony-Celibacy. 

mar'-riage-bell".  A  bell  rung  at  a  marriage.  Light- 
he  artedness-Dejection. 

mar'-ried.     Wedded.     Matrimony-Celibacy. 

mar'-row.  Interior  of  a  bone;  essence.  Center,  Out- 
side-Inside, Subjectiveness-Objectiveness;  chill 
to  the  marrow,  Heating-Cooling. 

mar'-row-bones",  on  one's.  Kneeling.  Atonement, 
Petition  -  Expostulation,  Presumption  -  Obse- 
quiousness, Selfrespect-Humbleness,  Yield- 
ing. 

mar'-row-less.     Lacking  marrow.     Might-Impotence. 

mar'-ry.  Towed;  to  fasten  end  to  end;  in  truth.  As- 
sertion-Denial, Composition-Resolution,  Mat- 
rimony-Celibacy; marry  come  up,  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Defiance,  Favorite-Anger. 

Mars.  God  of  war.  Fighting-Conciliation;  Mars 
orange,  Blueness-Orange. 

Maiz  gravior  sub  pace  latet  [L.]  (mars  gr6'-vi-or  sub 
pe'-si  le'-tet) .  A  more  serious  war  lurks  under  the 
peace.  Fighting-Conciliation,  Strife-Peace,  Va- 
riance-Accord. 

marsh.  A  swamp.  Dampness-Dryness,  Swamp- 
Island. 

mar'-shal.     To  arrange;    an  officer.     Antagonist-As* 


MARSHAL. 


647 


MATERIALITY. 


BiSTANT,  Chief-Underling,  Messenger,  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization. 

Mar'-shal-sea.     A  prison.     Release-Prison. 

marsh'-y.    Boggy.    Swamp-Island. 

mar-su'-pi-al.    Having  a  pouch.     Contents-Receiver. 

mart.     A  market.     Market. 

maiic,  sua  [L.]  (mar'-tt,  siu'-o).  By  his  own  strength. 
Skill-Unskilfulness,  Toil-Relaxation. 

mar-tel'-lo  tow'-er.  A  coast  defense.  Attack-De 
fense. 

mar'-tial.  Pertaining  to  war.  Fighting-Concilia- 
tion; court-martial,  Tribunal;  martial  law,  Coer- 
cion, Harshness-Mildness,  Law-Lawlessness; 
martial  music,  Music.  » 

mar"-ti-net'.  A  strict  disciplinarian.  Harshness- 
Mildness. 

mar'-tin-gale.     A  piece  of  harness.     Release-Prison. 

Mar'-tin-mas.     A  festival.     Ceremonial. 

mar'-tyr.  A  sufferer  for  faith.  Austerity,  Pleas- 
ure-Pain, Sensuality-Suffering;  martyr  to  dis- 
ease, Health-Sickness. 

mar'-tyr-dom.  Condition  of  a  martyr.  Austerity, 
Life-Killing.  Pleasure-Pain,  Recompense-Puni- 
tion,  Sensuality-Suffering,  Unselfishness-Self- 
ishness. 

mar'-vel.  A  wonder;  prodigy.  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Phenomenon;  marvel  whether,  Hy- 
pothesis. 

mar'-vel-ous.  Wonderful;  great.  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Magnitude-Smallness;  deal  in  the 
marvelous,  Gull-Hyperbole. 

mar'-vel-ous-ly.  Wonderfully.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness. 

Ma"-sa-ni-el'-lo.  Neapolitan  insurgent  leader.  In- 
subordination-Obedience. 

mas'-cot.  Something  that  is  regarded  as  bringing 
good  luck  to  the  possessor.     Purpose-Luck. 

mas'-cu-line.  Strong;      male.  Male-Female, 

Strength-Weakness;     masculine    gender,    Noun. 

mash.  Mixture;  a  semiliquid;  to  mix.  Hardness- 
Softness,  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Regularity- 
Irregularity,  Viscidity-Foam. 

mask.  A  cover  for  the  face;  pretext.  Attack-De- 
fense, Cover-Lining,  Dress-Undress,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Exposure-Hidingplace,  Luminary- 
Shade,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  put  on  the  mask, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

ma'-son.     A  workman.     Agent. 

Mas'-c-ra.       Jewish  writings.       Revelation-Pseudo- 

REVELATION. 

masque.      Dramatic  performance.     Acting. 

masque,  bal  [F.]  (mas-ke',  bal).  Masquerade.  En- 
tertainment-Weariness. 

mas"-quer-ade'.  A  social  party;  disguise.  Enlight- 
enment- Secrecy,  Entertainment- Weariness, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood;  masquerade  dress,  Ex- 
posure-Hidingplace. 

mass,  (i)  Extent  of  volume.  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing, Greatness- Littleness,  Heaviness -Light- 
ness, Magnitude-Smallness,  Quantity-Measure, 
Solidity  -  Rarity,  Whole -Part;  in  the  mass, 
Whole-Part;  mass  of  society,  Gentility-Common- 
alty. 

mass.  (2)  Eucharist.  Ceremonial,  Devotion-Idol- 
atry; attend  mass,  Devotion-Idolatry';  mass-book, 
Ceremonial. 

mas'-sa-cre.     To  kill.     Life-Killing. 

mas"-sage'.  A  scientific  remedy  by  kneading,  rubbing, 
etc.     Remedy-Bane. 

masse,  en  [F.]   (mas,  an-).     In  a  body.     Association. 

mass'-es,    the.      The    common    people.       Gentility- 

l»  Commonalty. 

mass'-ive.  Huge;  massy.  Greatness-Littleness, 
Heaviness-Lightness,  Solidity-Rarity. 


mass'-y.     Ponderous.     Greatness-Littleness. 

mas'-ter.  A  title;  to  learn  thoroughly ;  proficient;  to 
overcome;  young  man.  Adept-Bungler,  Chief- 
Underling,  Clearness-Obscurity-,  Education- 
Learning,  Holder,  Infant- Veteran,  Instructor- 
Pupil,  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Liberty-Subjec- 
tion, Male-Female,  Manager,  President-Mem- 
ber, Skill-Unskilfulness,  Success  -  Failure, 
Title;  eye  of  the  master,  Management;  hard  mas- 
ter, Harshness-Mildness  ;  head  master,  President- 
Member;  master  hand,  Adept-Bungler;  master- 
key,  Aperture-Closure,  Instrumentality;  mas- 
ter mind,  Adept-Bungler,  Sage-Fool;  master  of 
arts,  Scholar-Dunce;  master  of  one's  time,  Faith- 
Misgiving;  master  of  self,  Determination-Vacil- 
lation; master  of  the  position,  Success-Failure; 
master  of  the  revels,  Entertainment-Weariness; 
master  of  the  rolls,  Judge,  Recorder;  master  of  the 
situation,  Rule-License,  Success-Failure;  master 
one's  feelings,  Excitability-Inexcitability;  mas- 
ter one's  passions,  Virtue-Vice;  master  passion, 
Affections;  master  spirit  of  the  age,  Reputation- 
Discredit,  Sage-Fool. 

mas'-ter-dom.     Dominion.     Rule-License. 

mas'-ter-ful.  Arbitrary;      skilful.     Rule-License, 

Skill-Unskilfulness. 

mas'-ter-mind".     Predominant  intellect.     Sage-Fool. 

mas'-ter-piece".  Admirable  production.  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness,  Goodness-Badness,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness. 

mas'-ter-ship.     Superiority.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

mas'-ter-stroke".  Masterly  achievement.  Design, 
Success-Failure. 

mas'-ter-y.  Command.  Rule-License,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness, Success-Failure. 

mast-head'.     To  punish.     Recompense-Punition. 

mas'-tic.  A  resin.  Pulpiness-Rosin,  Viscidity- 
Foam. 

mas'-ti-cate.     To  chew.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

mas'-tiff.     A  breed  of  dogs.     Fauna-Flora. 

mat.  A  texture,  to  be  laid  on  the  floor;  anything 
closely  interwoven.  Crossing,  Suspension-Sup- 
port. 

mat"-a-dor'.     One  who  slays.     Life-Killing. 

match.  A  contest;  marriage;  similar.  Combustible, 
Equality-Inequality,  Harmony-Discord,  Imita- 
tion-Originality, Likeness-Unlikeness,  Matri- 
mony-Celibacy, Strife-Peace. 

match'-less.  Peerless.  Supremacy-Subordinacy, 
Virtue-Vice. 

match'-lock".     A  kind  of  musket.     Weapon. 

mate.  A  match;  comrade.  Antagonist-Assistant, 
Chief-Underling,  Equality-Inequality,  Friend- 
Foe,  Likeness-Unlikeness,  Matrimony-Celibacy; 
check  mate,  Success-Failure. 

mater,  alma  [L.]  (me'-ter,  al'-ma).  Fostering  mother. 
School. 

mater  familias  [L.]  (me'-ter  fa-mil'-i-as) .  Mother  of 
a  family.     Parentage-Progeny. 

ma-te'-ri-al.  Substance;  important.  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Materiality-Spirituality.  Mate- 
rials; material  for  thought,  Conception-Theme; 
material  point,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

ma-te"-ri-al'.    Materials  collectively.     Instrument. 

ma-te'-ri-al-ism.  A  branch  of  philosophy.  Godli- 
ness-Disbelief, Materiality'-Spirituality,  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

ma-te'-ri-al-ist.  A  believer  in  materialism.  Godli- 
ness-Disbelief, Materiality-Spirituality,  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

ma-te"-ri-al-is'-tic.  Marked  by  materialism.  Mate- 
riality-Spirituality.    . 

ma-te"-ri-al'-i-ty.  State  of  being  material.  Mate- 
riality-Spirituality. 


MATERIALITY. 


649 


MATERIALS. 


MATERIALITY— SPIRITUALITY. 


Corporality .  \  The  state  o£  having  a  body. 

Corporeity.  J 

Flesh  and  blood.     Human  nature;  having  a  body,  as  a  person. 

Materiality.     I  B  m    compoSed  of  matter. 

Matenalness.) 

Physical  condition.     Having  a  material  body,  especially  relating  to 

the  human  body  apart  from  the  mind  or  spirit. 
Substantiality      The  state  of  having  a  real  or  bodily  existence. 

Materiality — Denotations, 

Article.     A  particular  one  of  various  things. 

Body.     The  material  organized  substance  of  an  animal 

Brute  matter.     Physical,  without  mental,  matter. 

Corpus  [L.\     Body. 

Element.     One  of  the  ultimate,  undecomposable  constituents  of  any 

kind  of  matter. 
Frame.     Physical  constitution. 
Hyle.     Matter. 

Material.     The  substance  or  matter  of  which  anything  is  made. 
Materials,  etc.     Substances  entering  into  the  composition  of  bodies 

of  matter.     See  Materials. 
Matter.     That  of  which  the  sensible  universe  and  all  its  bodies  are 

composed. 
Object.     Something  visible  or  tangible. 
Pabulum  [L  ]      Food. 

Parenchyma  [Gr  ].     The  soft  cellular  tissues  of  plants. 
Plenum  [L  ]      Space  occupied  by  matter. 
Principle.     Fundamental  substance  or  energy. 
Something.     A  certain  indefinite  thing. 
StiU  life.     Inanimate  objects. 
Stocks  and  stones.     Senseless  things. 

Stuff.     The  fundamental  material  of  which  anything  is  made  up. 
Substance.     The  essential  components  of  anything. 
Substratum  [L.|J.     Substance. 
Thing.     Whatever  exists  as  a  separate  entity. 

Materiality — Scientific  Terms. 

Experimental  philosophy.  General  laws  and  principles  of  matter, 
based  exclusively  upon  observation  and  experiment. 

Materialism.  The  doctrine  which  denies  the  existence  of  spiritual 
substances  or  agents,  and  maintains  that  spiritual  phenomena  are 
the  result  of  some  peculiar  organization  of  matter 

Materialist.  One  who  upholds  the  doctrine  of  materialism.  See 
sub  Materialism. 

Natural  philosophy.  That  branch  of  physical  science  which,  treats 
of  the  phenomena  and  laws  of  matter  and  considers  those  effects 
only  which  are  unaccompanied  by  any  change  of  a  chemical 
nature. 

Philosophie  positive  [F.JJ  A  system  of  philosophy  originated  by 
M.  Auguste  Comte,  which  excludes  from  philosophy  everything 
but  the  natural  phenomena  or  properties  of  knowable  things. 

Physical  science.  The  science  of  the  causes  and  connections  of 
natural  phenomena. 

Physicist,  A  believer  in  the  theory  that  the  fundamental  phenomena 
of  life  are  to  be  explained  upon  purely  chemical  and  physical  prin- 
ciples. 

Physics.     See  Natural  philosophy. 

Somatics.  The  science  which  treats  of  the  general  properties  of 
matter. 

Somatology.     The  properties  of  material  substances. 


Ego  [L.].     Self,  considered  as  the  seat  of  consciousness. 

I.     The  spiritual  personality, 

Immaterialism.     The   doctrine  that   spiritual  beings  exist,   or  are 

possible. 
Immateriality.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  spiritual    or  without 

body  or  substance. 
Immaterialness.     See  Immateriality. 

Incorporeity.     The  quality  of  not  having  a  material  body  or  form 
Ineztension.     Want  of  length,  breadth    and  thickness,  or  wanting 

the  property  of  taking  up  space. 
Me.     See  Ego. 
Myself.     See  Ego. 
Spirit.     Life,  or  living  substance,  considered  independently  of  bodily 

existence.     See  Soul. 
Spiritualism.     The  doctrine  which  teaches  that  all  which  exists  is 

spirit  or  soul. 
Spiritualist.     One  who  maintains  the  doctrine  of  spiritualism 
Spirituality.     Quality  or  state  of  being  spiritual 
Telepathy.     Thought  transference. 

Spirituality — Verbs. 

To  divest  of  body  or  corporeal  existence. 

To  convert  into,  or  imbue  with  a  spirit. 

Spirituality — Adjectives. 
Without  a  material  body. 
Divested  of  a  body. 
Eztramundane.     Beyond  the  material  world. 
Immaterial.     Not  consisting  of  matter 
Immateriate.     See  Immaterial. 

Inc ornoreal  I  ^ot  nav*n£  a  material  body  or  form. 
Personal.     Applying  to  characterbr  conduct. 
Pneumatoscopic.     Spirit-seeing. 

Spiritual.     Consisting  of  spirit;  not  material.     See  Mind. 
Subjective.     Relating  to  the  mind,  or  intellectual  world. 
Unearthly.     Not  of  the  earth;  spiritual. 
Dnembodied.     Existing  only  in  spirit. 
Unextended.     Being  without  dimensions. 


Disembody, 
Spiritualize. 


Asomatous. 
Disembodied 


MATERIALITY— Cotitinued. 
Materiality — Adjectives. 
Bodily.     Having  a  body  or  material  form. 
CnrnnrMl  i  Consisting  of  a  material  body  or  substance. 
Impersonal.     Without  the  attributes  which  make  up  the  nature  ot  a 

person. 
Material.     Consisting  of  matter. 

Materialistic.     Of  the  nature  of  materialism.     See  Materialism 
Neuter.     Neither  matter  nor  spirit. 
Objective.     Having  the  nature  of  an  object. 
Palpable.     Capable  of  being  touched  and  felt. 
Physical.     Cognizable  by  the  senses 
Ponderable.     Capable  of  being  weighed 
Sensible.     Capable  of  being  perceived  by  the  senses. 
Somatic.     Pertaining  to  the  body 
Somatoscopic.     Physical. 
Substantial.     Actually  existing,  real. 
Tangible.     Perceptible  to  the  touch 
Unspiritual.     Not  of  spirit,  but  matter. 


ma-te'-ri-al-ly. 

NIPICANCE. 

ma-te'-ri-al-ness . 

NIPICANCE. 

ma-te'-ri-als.     Substances. 


Essentially.        Consequence-Insig- 

Reality.         Consequence-Insig- 

Materials. 
MATERIALS. 

Ammunition.     Materials  of  war.     See  Weapon. 

Baggage.     Articles  of  clothing,   etc.,   carried   on   a  journey.     See 
Property. 

Bandanna.     A  large  red  or  blue  handkerchief. 

Bell-metal.     An  alloy  or  bronze  used  for  making  bells. 

Brick.     A  block  of  clay  tempered  with  water,  sand,  etc.,  and  sun- 
dried  or  burnt. 

Bricks  and  mortar.     Materials  for  building. 

Calico.     Cotton  cloth  used  in  making  clothing. 

Celluloid.     A  substance  composed  of  gun-cotton  and  camphor,  used 
for  making  combs,  etc. 

Cement      A  mortar  which  witt  harden  under  water 

Cl«y.     Soft  earth  used  in  making  brick. 


Compo.     Composition,  as  for  plastering. 

Composition.     A  mass  or  body  formed  by  combining  two  or  more 

substances. 
Concrete.     A  mixture  of  gravel  with  cement,  used  foi  sidewalks,  etc 
Contingents.     Materials  entering  into  the  composition  of  anything 
Crockery,  etc.     Vessels  formed  of  baked  clay.     See  Heating. 
Fuel.     Materials  for  fire. 
Gingham.     A  kind  of  cotton  or  linen  cloth. 
Grist.     Grain. 

HousehoW  stuff.     Articles  of  domestic  use. 
Linoleum.     A  floor-cloth  made  by  laying  hardened  linseed  oil  with 

cork  on  a  canvas  backing. 
Material.     The  substance  or  matter  of  which  anything  is  made. 
Materials.     Substances  entering  into  the  composition  of  anything. 
Means,  etc.     That  through  which  an  end  is  attained      See  Means. 
Metal.  An  elementary  substance  entering  into  the  composition  of  ores. 
Munition.     War  materials. 
Nankeen.     A  species  of  Chinese  cloth. 
Ore.     The  native  form  of  a  metal. 
Pabulum  [L.].     Food.     See  Nutriment. 


MATERIALS. 


649 


MATRIMONY— CELIBACY. 


Raw  material.     Material  in  its  natural  state. 
Reenforcement.     That  which  strengthens  or  gives  assistance. 
Relay.     A  supply  of  anything  for  affording  relief. 
Staple.     The  principal  commodity  of  traffic  in  a  market. 
Stock.     A  store  of  goods. 
Stone.     Rock  cut  for  building  purposes. 

Stuff,     Material  which  is  to  be  worked  up  in  any  process  of  manu- 
facture 
Supplies.     That  which  furnishes  aid  or  need. 
Taffeta.     A  fine  smooth  stuff  of  silk. 
Timber.     Wood  proper  for  building  purposes. 
Wood.     The  substance  of  trees  used  for  building  purposes. 

Materials — Adjectives. 

Raw.     In  the  natural  state.     See  Preparation-Nonpreparation. 
Wooden,  etc.     Made  of  wood      See  Nouns. 

ma-te'-ri-a  med'-i-ca.  Science  of  medicinal  substances. 
Remedy-Bane. 

ma-ter'-nal.  Motherly.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Parentage-Progeny;  maternal  love,  Love- 
Hate. 


ma-ter'-ni-ty.     Motherhood.     Parentage-Progeny 

math"-e-mat'-ic-al.  Rigidly  exact.  Truth-Error; 
mathematical  point,  Greatness-Littleness. 

math"-e-mat'-ics.  Science  of  quantity.  Quantity- 
Measure. 

ma-the'-sis.  Learning  in  mathematics.  Quantity- 
Measure. 

mat'-in.      Belonging  to  morning.      Morning-Evening. 

mat"-i-neV.  An  afternoon  entertainment.  Socia- 
bility-Privacy. 

mat'-ins.     Morning  worship.     Devotion-Idolatry. 

mat'-rass.  A  vessel  for  distilling.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

mat'-ri-cide.     Killing  of  a  mother.     Life-Killing. 

ma-tric"-u-la'-tion.  Act  of  enrolling.  Education- 
Learning. 

mat"-ri-mo'-ni-al.  Pertaining  to  marriage.  Matri- 
mony-Celibacy. 

mat'-ri-mo-ny.  Condition  of  being  married.  Matri- 
mony-Celibacy, Mixture-Homogeneity. 


MATRIMONY— CELIBACY. 


Bigamy.     The  offense  of  marrying  one  person  when  already  legally 

married  to  another. 
Bridal.     See  sub  Wedding. 

Cohabitation.     State  of  living  together  as  if  married. 
Coverture.     The  married  state. 

Deuterogamy.)  A  second  marriage  after  the  death  of  the  first  hus- 
Digamy.  /     band  or  wife. 

Endogamy.     Marriage  restricted  within  the  tribe 
Espousal.     See  sub  Spousal. 
Free  love.     The  practise  of  consorting  with  the  opposite  sex,   at 

pleasure,  without  marriage. 
Ill-assorted  marriage.     A  marriage    in  which    the  parties  are  un- 

adapted  to  one  another. 
Intermarriage.     Marriage  between  blood-kindred. 
Leading  to  the  altar.     To  marry. 
Left-handed  marriage.     See  Morganatic  marriage. 
Marriage.     Legal  union  of  a  man  and  woman  as  husband  and  wife. 
Marriage  state.     The  condition  of  a  married  person. 
Matrimony.     The  act  which  unites  a  man  and  woman  as  husband 

and  wife. 
Misalliance  [F.fl    A  marriage  with  a  person  of  inferior  social  position. 
Monogamy.     Marriage  with  but  one  person,  husband  or  wife,  at  the 

same  time. 
Morganatic  marriage.     A  marriage  between  a  man  of  rank  and  a 

woman  of  inferior  position,  by  which  the  wife  and  offspring  are 

debarred  the  husband's  rank  and  inheritance. 
Mormonism.     Belief  in  polygamy. 
Nuptial  benediction.     The  marriage  ceremony. 
Nuptials.     Marriage  rites. 
Nuptial  tie.     The  marriage  ceremony. 

Polyandrism.     Having  more  than  one  husband  at  the  same  time 
Polygamy.     Having  a  number  of  wives  or  husbands  at  the  same 

time. 
Spousal.     Taking  to  oneself  a  wife. 

Trigamy.     Having  three  husbands  or  three  wives  at  the  same  time. 
Union.     Marriage. 

Unlawful  marriage.     A  marriage  contracted  contrary  to  or  in  viola- 
tion of  law. 
Vinculum  matrimonii  [L.j.     The  bond  of  marriage. 
Wedding.     The  ceremony  of  a  marriage. 
Wedlock.     The  state  of  being  married. 

Matrimony — Associated  Nouns 
Baron.     A  husband. 
Benedick.     A  man  recently  married. 
Betrothment.     The  act  of  contracting  to  any  one  for  marriage.     See 

Engagement 
Bigamist.     One  guilty  of  the  offense  of  marrying  one  person  when 

already  legally  married  to  another. 
Bride.     A  woman  newly  married,  or  about  to  bejnarried. 
Bridegroom.     A  man  newly  married,  or  about  to  be  married. 
Bridesmaid.     A  female  friend  who  attends  on  a  bride  at  her  wedding. 
Bridesman.     A  male  friend  who  attends  a  groom  at  his  wedding. 
Consort.     A  wife  or  husband. 
Epitkalamium  [Gr.fl.     A  Marriage  song. 
Feme.     A  woman 
Femecovert.     A  married  woman. 
Goodman.     A  husband . 


ac  e  or  oo  .  [  ^    state  of  a  man  who  has  not  been  married. 
Bachelorship  .J 
Celibacy.     The  state  of  an  unmarried  person;  especially  that  of  a.  it 

unmarried  man,  or  of  one  bound  by  vows  not  to  marry. 
Maidenhead.)  Jhe  q{  &n  unmarried  woman. 

Maidenhood. J 

Misogamy.     Hatred  of  marriage. 
Misogyny.     Hatred  of  women. 
Pucelage  [F.j.     State    of    being  unmarried:    applied     usuallj     tc 

women. 
Single.     Unmarried. 
Single  blessedness.     State  of  being  unmarried:  us*^ally  to  men. 

Celibacy — Denotations, 

Agamist.     A  person  opposed  to  marriage. 

Bachelor.     An  unmarried  man. 

Coelebs.     The  hero  in  Hannah  More's  novel,  Calebs  in  Search  of  r 

Wife,  a  satire  on  impossible  ideals  of  womanhood. 
Feme  sole.     An  unmarried  woman.  r 

255*      r  An  unmarried  woman. 
Maiden.) 

Misogamist. 

Misogynist. 

Monogamist 

time. 

Old  bachelor.     An  unmarried  man. 

Old  maid.     An  unmarried  woman. 

Spinster.     An  unmarried  woman. 

Unmarried  man.     A  man  without  a  wife. 

Unmarried  woman.     A  woman  without  a  husband. 

Virgin.     An  unmarried  woman. 

Celibacy — Verb. 
Live  single.     To  be  unmarrie.'. 

Celibacy — Adjectives. 
Single.     Unmarried. 
SP°useleBS-}  Without  a  wife. 


A  hater  of  marriage. 
A  hater  of  women. 
One  who  has  but  one  husband  or  wife  at  the  samt 


Wifeless 
Unmarri 

Unwedded. 


ied-}  Without  wife  or  husband 


MATRIMONY — Associated  Nouns — Continutd. 

Goodwife.     A  wife. 

Helpmate.     A  husband  or  wife. 

Honeymoon.     The  first  month  after  marriage. 

Husband.     A  man  who  has  a  wife. 

Hymeneal  altar.     The  marriage  altar. 

Lady.     A  wife. 

Man.     A  husband. 

Man  and  wife.     A  married  couple.  , 

Married  couple.     A  man  and  wife 

Married  man.     A  man  who  has  a  wife. 

Married  woman.     A  woman  who  has  a  husband 

Match.     A  suitable  marriage  partner. 

Mate.     A  husband  or  wife. 


MATRIMONY. 


650 


MATTER. 


MATRIMONY — Associated  Nouns — Continued. 


Ifatronase.}  A  married  woraan- 

Matrop^hood.     The  state  or  condition  of  a  married  woman. 

Neogs»mist.     A  person  recently  married. 

Partner.     One  to  whom  a  person  is  married. 

Spouse.     A  wife. 

Matrimony- 

Bed .     Used  as  a  symbol  of  matrimony. 

Better  half.    A  wife. 

Bluebeard.     One  married  often,  as  in  the  well-known  story. 

Da'by  and  Joan.     A  lovely,  old-fashioned,  virtuous  couple. 

Gr*y  mare.     A  wife  who  rules  her  husband. 

Hymen.     Marriage. 


Squaw.     The  wife  of  an  Indian. 
Wedded  pair.     A  husband  and  wife 
Wife.     A  married  woman. 
Wife  of  one's  bosom.    A  wife. 
Yokemate.     A  wife  or  husband. 

■Figurative  Nouns. 

Old  man.     Husband. 

Old  woman.     Wife. 

Rib.     Wife 

Temple  of  Hymen.     Marriage. 

Torch  of  Hymen.     A  bridal  torch, 

Turk.     A  cruel  husband. 


Matrimony —  Verbs. 


Affiance.     To  pledge  one's  faith  to  for  marriage. 

Affy.     To  promise  to  marry. 

Be  asked  in  church.     To  publish  in  church  for  marriage. 

Be  married.     To  be  joined  in  lawful  union. 

Be  spliced.     To  be  married. 

Bestow  one's  hand  upon.     To  give  in  marriage. 

Betroth.     To  contract  to  any  one  for  a  marriage.     See  Engagement. 

Bid  the  banns.     To  make  an  intention  to  marry  publicV  known. 

Couple.     To  be  joined  in  marriage.     See  Union. 

Espouse.     To  promise  in  marriage. 

-.  "*   .         \  To  present  the  bride  to  the  bridegroom. 

Give  in  marriage.  J 

Give  one's  hand  to.     To  bestow  in  marriage. 

Go  off.     Occur  in  some  specified  manner. 

Handfast.     To  betroth  by  joining  hands,  in  order  to  cohabitation, 

before  the  celebration  of  marriage. 


Intermarry.     To  marry  among. 

Join.     To  unite  in  marriage. 

Lead  to  the  hymeneal  altar.     To  lead  to  the  church  a'tar  in  order  to 

marry. 
Marry.     To  constitute  man  and  wife  according  to  the  laws  and 

customs  of  a  nation. 
Pair  off.     To  bring  together  a  man  and  woman  who  are  adapted  to 

one  another. 
Publish  the  banns.     To  make  intention  to  marry  known  by  reading 

in  a  church.  * 

Take  for  better  for  worse.)  ™    ,  .    , 

Take  to  oneself  a  wife.      }  To  be  married. 
Tie  the  nuptial  knot.       To  perform  the  ceremony  which  constitute* 

man  and  wife. 
Wive.     To  provide  with  a  wife. 
Wed.     To  take  for  husband  or  for  wife  by  a  formal  ceremony 


Matrimony — Adjectives. 


Affianced.     Pledged  to  marry. 

Betrothed.     Promised  to  marry. 

Bridal.     Pertaining  to  a  bride  or  a  wedding. 

Conjugal.     Suitable  or  appropriate  to  the  marriage  state. 

Connubial.     Pertaining  to  the  marriage  state. 

Engaged.     Bound  by  promise  to  marry. 

Hymeneal.     Relating  to  marriage. 

Levirate.     According  to  the  law  of  the  Israelites,  by  which  a  woman 

was  married  to  her  dead  husband's  brother. 
Marital.     Pertaining   to   the    marriage    relation    as   it    affects    the 

husband. 


Marriageable.     Fitted    by    age,    physical    condition,    and    mental 

capacity  for  marriage. 
Married.     Made  man  and  wife.     See  Verbs. 
Matrimonial.     Pertaining  to  marriage  or  the  married  state. 
Nubile.     Of  suitable  age  to  marry. 

Nuptial.     Relating  to  marriage,  especially  to  the  marriage  ceremony. 
One.     Said  of  a  man  and  woman  after  union  by  marriage. 
One  bone  and  one  flesh.     Of  a  single  person  by  the  union  of  marriage. 
Spousal.     Pertaining  to  marriage;  generally  used  in  the  plural. 
Wedded.     Joined  in  lawful  union. 


M  at  r  i  m  o  n  y — Phrases . 


Copula,  felices  ter  et  amplius,  quos  irrupta  tenet  [L.].     Thrice  happy, 
and  more,  those  whom  the  marriage-bond  unbroken  holds. 


Mariage  de  convenance  [F.[J      Marriage  of  convenience. 

The  gray  mare  the  better  horse.     The  wife  controls  her  husband 


MATRIMONY— DIVORCE. 


J  A  legal 


Divorce. 
dissolution  of  th?  marriage  contract. 


Divorce. 

Divorcement.. 

Judicial  separation.     A  separation  of  man  and  wife  which  has  the 

effect  of  making  each  a  single  person  for  all  legal  purposes,  but 

without  ability  to  contract  a  new  marriage. 
Separate  maintenance.     An  allowance  made  to  a  wife  by  a  husband 

under  deed  of  separation. 
Separatio  a  mensa  et  thoro  [L.].     A  separation  of  a  married  woman 

from  the  bed  and  board  of  her  husband . 
Separatio  a  vinculo  matrimonii  [L.].     A  complete  divorce. 
Separation.     See  Divorce. 

Divorce — Denotations. 
Cuckold.     The  husband  of  an  adulteress 
Divorcee.     A  person  who  has  been  divorced. 
Dowager.     A  widow  who  enjoys  a  dower  from  her  husband's  estate. 


Relict.     A  widow. 

Viduity.     Widowhood. 

Weeds.     An  article  of  dress  worn  in  token  of  grief. 

Widow.     A  woman  who  has  lost  her  husband  by  death. 

Widower.     A  husband  who  has  lost  his  wife  by  death. 

Widowhood.     The  state  of  a  widow. 

D:vorce — Verbs. 

Disespouse.     To  separate  after  plighted  troth. 

Divorce.     To  free  by  legal  process  from  the  relationship  of  husband 
and  wife. 

Put  away.     To  part  from  one's  wife. 

Wear  the  horns.     To  have  the  imaginary  mark  of  a  cuckold  on  the 
forehead. 


ma'-trix.  That  which  gives  form  to  anything.  Copy- 
Model,  Workshop. 

ma'-tron.  A  married  woman.  Male-Female,  Matri- 
mony-Celibacy. 

ma'-tron-age.  Condition  of  being  a  matron.  Male- 
Female,  Matrimony-Celibacy. 

ma'-tron-hood.  State  of  being  a  matron.  Male- 
Female,  Matrimony-Celibacy. 

ma'-tron-ly.  Like  a  matron.  Infancy-Age,  Man- 
hood. 


ma-tross'.    A  gunner's  assistant.    Belligerent. 

mat'-ter.  Substance;  subject;  affair;  pus.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Conception-Theme,  Consequence-In- 
significance, Materiality-Spirituality,  Mean- 
ing-Jargon, Occupation,  Substance -Nullity; 
matter  in  dispute,  Investigation-Answer;  matter 
in  hand,  Conception-Theme,  Occupation;  matter 
nothing,  Consequence-Insignificance;  matter  of 
course,  Certainty-Doubt,  Conventionality-Un- 
conventionality,    Habit-Desuetude;     matter   of 


MATTER. 


651 


MEANING— JARGON. 


fact,  Certainty-Doubt,  Craft-Artlessness,  Oc- 
currence-Destiny, Truth-Error,  Wittiness- 
Dulnsss;  no  matter,  Carefulness-Carelessness; 
what  matter,  Consequence-Insignificance;  what's 
the  matter,  Inquisitiveness-Indifference,  Inves- 
tigation-Answer. 

mat'-ting.  A  coarsely  woven  floor-covering.  Cross- 
ing. 

mat'-tock.    A  tool.    Sharpness-Bluntness. 

mat'-tress.    A  bed.    Suspension-Support. 

mat"-u-ra'-tion.  Ripeness.  Preparation-Nonprep- 
aration. 

ma-ture'.  Fully  developed;  to  develop.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Conversion-Reversion,  Design, 
Faultiness-Faultlessness,  Manhood,  Novelty- 
Antiquity,  Preparation-Nonpreparation;  mature 
thought,  Reflection-Vacancy. 

ma-ture'-ly.  Considered.  Predetermination-Im- 
pulse. 

ma-tu'-ri-ty.  State  of  being  mature.  Manhood,  Nov- 
elty-Antiquity, Preparation-Nonpreparation  ; 
bring  to  maturity,  Completion-Noncompletion. 

ma-tu'-ti-nal.     Early.     Morning-Evening. 

maud'-lin.  Tearful;  drunk.  Activity-Indolence, 
Sensitiveness  -  Apathy,  Teetotalism  -  Intemper- 
ance. 

mau'-gre.     In  spite  of.     Compensation. 

mau'-kin.     A  mop.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

maul.  A  hammer;  to  hurt.  Goodness-Badness, 
Impetus^- Re  action. 

maund.  A  basket;  to  mutter.  Contents-Receiver, 
Speech-Inarticulateness. 

maun'-der.  To  talk  incoherently.  Jubilation-Lamen- 
tation, Speech-Inarticulateness,  Terseness-Pro- 
lixity. 

mau"-so-le'-um.     A  tomb.     Life-Funeral. 

tnauvais  gout  [F.]  (mo-ve'  gu)  Bad  taste.  Taste- 
Vulgarity. 

mauvais  quart  d'heure  [F.]  (mo-ve'  kar  dur).  A  bad 
quarter  of  an  hour.     Pleasure-Pain. 

mauvais  sujet  [F.]  (mo-ve'  sii-zhe').  A  bad  subject. 
Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

mauvais  ton  [F.]  (mo-ve'  ton).  Bad  style.  Taste- 
Vulgarity. 

tnauvaise  honte  [F.]  (mo-vez'  on't).  Bashfulness. 
Conceit-Diffidence,  Society-Affectation. 

tnauvaise  plaisanterie  [F.]  (mo-vez'  ple-zan't-ri').  Bad 
jesting.     Taste-Vulgarity. 

mauve.     A  color.     Yellowness-Purple. 

maux,  les  grandes  remedcs,  aux  grands  [F.]  (mo,  16 
grcurd  re-med',  o  gran').  To  desperate  evils,  des- 
perate remedies.     Remedy-Bane. 

maw.     The  stomach.     Contents-Receiver. 

mawk'-ish.     Insipid.     Savor-Tastelessness. 

maw'-worm".  A  hypocritical  character.  Godliness- 
Ungodliness,  Gull-Hyperbole. 

max'-im.  A  practical  truth.  Adage-Nonsense, 
Council. 

maximis  ad  minima  [L.]  (max'-i-mis  ad  min'-i-ma). 
From  the  greatest  to  the  least.  Admission-Exclu- 
sion, Magnitude-Smallness. 


mai'-i-mum.  Supreme;  summit.  Supremacy-Sub- 
ordinacy,  Top-Bottom. 

may'-be.  Perhaps.  Possibility-Impossibility;  as  it 
may  be,  Rationale-Luck. 

May'-day".  First  day  of  May.  Country,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 

May'-fly".  A  fly  that  appears  in  May.  Lastingness- 
Transientness. 

may'-hap.     Perhaps.     Possibility-Impossibility. 

may'-or.  The  highest  city  official.  Chief-Underling, 
Manager,  President-Member. 

may'-or-al-ty.    Office  of  a  mayor.    Chief-Underling. 

May'-pole".  .  A  pole  put  up  for  May-day.  Country, 
Height-Lowness. 

May'-queen".  Queen  of  May-day.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement. 

maz'-ard.     The  jaw.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

maze.  A  winding;  perplexity.  Circle-Winding,  Dif- 
ficulty-Facility, Tidings-Mystery;  in  a  maze, 
Certainty-Doubt. 

ma'-zed.     Perplexed.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

ma-zur'-ka.     A  dance.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

me.     Personal  pronoun.     Materiality-Spirituality. 

me  a  culpa  [L.l  (mi-a  cul'-pa) .  Through  my  fault.  Re- 
pentance-Obduracy. 

mead.  A  liquor;  meadow.  Gulf-Plain,  Sweetness- 
Acidity. 

mead'-ow.  A  tract  of  low,  level  land.  Gulf-Plain; 
meadow  land,  City-Country,  Domestication-Agri- 
culture. 

mea'-ger.  Scanty;  emaciated.  Breadth-Narrow- 
ness, Consequence-Insignificance,  Entirety-De- 
ficiency, Excess-Lack,  Force-Weakness,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness;  meager  diet,  Fasting-Gluttony. 

meal.  Repast;  powder.  Friability,  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

meal'-y.     Farinaceous.     Friability. 

meal'-y-mouthed".  Flattering;  insincere.  Adula- 
tion-Disparagement, Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

mean.  Average;  inferior;  base;  to  intend  or  signify. 
Consequence  -  Insignificance,  Extravagance- 
Avarice,  Gentility-Commonalty,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Meaning- Jargon,  Medium,  Midcourse- 
Circuit,  Middle,  Presumption-Obsequiousness, 
Purpose-Luck,  Reputation-Discredit,  Unself- 
ishness-Selfishness, Uprightness-Dishonesty; 
golden  mean,  Mediocrity,  Medium,  Turbulence- 
almness;  mean  nothing,  Meaning-Jargon;  mean 
parentage,  Gentility-Commonalty;  mean  wretch, 
Good  Man-Bad  Man;   take  the  mean,  Composition. 

me-an'-der.  To  wind;  a  winding.  Aim-Aberration, 
Circle-Winding,  Circuition,  Midcourse-Circuit, 
River- Wind. 

me-an'-der-ing.  Diffuse.  Circle-Winding,  River- 
Wind. 

me-an'-der-ous.     Wandering.     River-Wind. 

mean'-est  ca-pac'-i-ty.  Least  capacity.  Sagacity-In- 
capacity; intelligible  to  the  meanest  capacity,  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity. 

mean'-ing.     Intention.     Meaning-Jargon. 


MEANING— JARGON. 


Acceptation.  The  meaning  in  which  a  word  or  expression  is  gen- 
erally received.     See  Interpretation. 

After  acceptation.  The  meaning  derived  from  a  word  or  expression 
after  some  thought. 

Allusion.  A  reference  to  something  supposed  to  be  known,  but  not 
mentioned.     See  Manifestation-Latency. 

Argument.     The  subject-matter  of  a  discourse,  writing,  etc. 

Bearing.  The  object  toward  which  the  words  or  expressions  used 
are  directed. 

Broad  meaning.     The  evident  meaning. 

Colloquial  meaning.     The  meaning  accepted  in  a  particular  locality 


Absurdity      Contrary  to  reason  or  sound  judgment.     See  Adage- 

Nonsense. 
A  tale  told  by  an  idiot.      A  senseless  story.     [Shakespeare.  Macbeth^ 

V.  5.1 
Babble.     Idle  talk. 
Balderdash.     Unmeaning  talk. 
Baragonin  [F  Q.     Jargon. 
Bavardage  [F.].     Babbling. 

Bombast.     High-sounding  words  unsuited  for  the  occasion. 
Bosh.     Empty  talk. 
Dead  letter.     That  which  has  lost  force  or  authority. 


MEANING. 


652 


MEANING— JARGON. 


MEANING— JARGON— Continued. 


Coloring.     Distinguishing  characteristic  of  one's  language. 

Drift.     The  object  not  expressly  notified,  but  generally  gathered 

from  one  s  remarks. 
Expression.     That  which  is  plainly  indicated  by  language. 
Figure  of  speech.     A  mode  of  expressing  abstract  ideas  by  words 

which  suggest  pictures  or  images. 
General  meaning.     The  generally  accepted  meaning. 
Gist.     The  substance  or  pith  of  a  matter. 
Honest  meaning.     An  acceptation  plainly  intended. 
Import.     That  which  a  word  or  statement  is  specifically  and  directly 

designed  to  convey. 

T .        ,  .        f  Meaning  derived  from  the  words. 

Literal  meaning . )  6 

Matter.     The  substance  of  a  speech,  etc. 

Meaning.     That  which  is  intended  to  be  expressed  by  words. 

Natural  meaning.     The  most  common  intention. 

Plain  meaning.     The  intended  acceptation. 

Primd  facie  meaning.     Meaning,  derived  from  the  expression.     See 
Manifestation 

Purport.     That  which  is  suggested  to  the  mind  by  a  continuous 
speech. 

Scope.     That  which  is  purposed  to  be  accomplished  bywords. 

Sense.     The  recognized  acceptation  which  is  attached  to  a  word  or 
expression. 

Significance.     The  intention  of  the  terms  employed  in  speaking. 

Signification.     The  meaning  which  a  sign  or  character  is  intended  to 
convey.     See  Significance. 

Simple  meaning.     The  most  common  meaning. 

Spirit.     Real  meaning,  opposed  to  the  letter  or  to  formal  statement. 

Subject.     That  which  is  brought  under  thought  or  examination. 

Subject-matter.     The  matter  under  discussion. 

Substantial  meaning.     A  well-founded  meaning. 

Suggestion.     Anything  introduced  indirectly  to  the  thoughts.     See 
Enlightenment. 

Sum  and  substance.     The  meaning  or  force  derived  from  an  expres- 
sion or  speech. 

Synonym.     One  of  two  or  more  words  which  have  nearly  the  same 
signification. 

Tenor.     The  general  course  or  character  of  a  speech  or  continued 
discourse. 

Text.      Anything  chosen  as  the  subject  of  an  argument,  composition, 
etc 

True  meaning.     The  meaning  generally  accepted 

Unstrained    meaning.     The  meaning  plainly  conveyed  by  an  ex- 
pression. 

Meaning — Verbs. 

Allude  to.     To  have  reference  to  a  subject  not  plainly  mentioned. 

Bear  a  sense.     To  have  a  particular  meaning. 

Bespeak.     To  indicate  by  words. 

Breathe.     To  express 

Convey.     To  impart  to. 

Dec  are.     To  make  known  by  language.     See  Assertion 

Drive  at      To  aim  or  tend  to  a  point  - 

Express.     Directly  and  distinctly  stated. 

Imply.     To  be  involved  in  though  not  expressed  in  words 

Import.     To  carry  orinclude,  as  meaning  or  intention. 

Indicate.     To  direct  to  a  knowledge  of. 

Involve.     To  complicate  or  make  intricate.     See  Manifestation- 
Latency. 

Mean.     To  have  in  the  mind,  as  a  purpose  or  intention. 

Point  to.     To  direct  attention  to. 

Purport.     To  intend  to  show. 

Signify.     To  indicate  in  any  way. 

Speak  of.     To  express  in  words. 

Tell  of.     To  describe. 

Touch  on.     To  refer  to. 

Understand.     To  apprehend  the  meaning  or  intention  of.     See  In- 
terpretation. 

M  e  a  n  i  n  g —  A  djectives . 

Allusive.     Having  reference  to  something  not  fully  expressed. 

Declaratory.     Making  clear  or  manifest.     See  Assertion. 

Explicit.     Open  totheunderstanding.     Sec  Manifestation. 

Expressive.     Vividly  representing  the  meaning  intended  to  be  con- 
veyed. 

Full  of  meaning.     Expressing  everything  that  is  intended. 

Intelligible.     Capable  of  being  understood.     See  Clearness. 

Literal.     Following  the  letter  or  exact  words. 

Meaning.     Having  a  particular  purpose  or  intention.     See  Verbs. 

Pithy.     Forceful. 

Pregnant  with  meaning.     "Weighty. 

Significant.     Expressive. 

Significative.     Having  a  meaning  or  purpose. 


Empty  sound.     An  expression  without  meaning. 

Fiddle-faddle.     Trifling  talk. 

Flummery.     Empty  compliment. 

Fudge.     A  made-up  story. 

Fustian.  Writing  in  which  high-sounding  words  are  used,  above  the 
dignity  of  the  subject. 

Gibberish.     Without  meaning. 

Hocus-pocus.  A  jugglers  talk  in  pretended  incantations;  Hoc  est 
corpus.  i 

Inanity.     Want  of  seriousness  in  talk. 

Jabber.     Rapid  or  incoherent  talk. 

Jargon.     Confused,  unintelligible  language. 

Mere  words.     An  expression  without  meaning. 

Moonshine.     Show  without  reality. 

Niaiserie  [F.J      Nonsense. 

Nonsense.  Words  or  language  which  have  no  meaning,  or  convey  no 
intelligible  ideas. 

NugcE  canorm  [L.fl.     Mere  jingling. 

Palaver.     Talk  intended  to  deceive. 

Platitude.     Staleness  of  ideas  or  language. 

Rant.  High-sounding  language  without  importance  or  dignity  of 
thought. 

Rigmarole.     A  succession  of  confused  or  nonsensical  statements. 

Rodomontade.     Vain  boasting.     [Rodomonte,  in  Orlando  Furioso.\ 

Rubbish.     Worthless  talk. 

Scrabble.     Unmeaning  marks  or  letters. 

Sounding  brass  and  a  tinkling  cymbal.  Figuratively  talk  without 
meaning.     [Bible.  Q 

Stuff.     Foolish  or  irrational  language. 

Stuff  and  nonsense.     Foolish  and  senseless  talk. 

Trash.     Needless  and  foolish  talk. 

Truism.     A  proposition  needing  no  proof  or  argument. 

Twaddle.     Silly  talk. 

Twattle.     Idle  talk. 

Unmeaningness.    Having  no  meaning  or  signification .     See  Adjectives. 

Vagueness.  Unsettled,  wandering  talk.  See  Clearness-Obscu- 
rity. 

Verbiage.     Use  of  many  words  without  necessity,  or  with  little  sense. 

Vox  et  prmtermnil  [L.|.     Talk  and  nothing  else 

Wish-wash.     Weak,  idle  talk. 

Jargon — Verbs. 
Be  unmeaning.     See  Adjectives. 
Mean  nothing. 
Quibble.     To  evade  the  point  in  speaking,  by  raising  unimportant 

questions. 
Scrabble.     To  make  unmeaning  marks  or  letters. 
Twaddle.     To  talk  in  a  weak  and  silly  manner. 
J  a  R  G  o  n — Adjectives . 

Fiddle-faddle.     Trifling. 

Incommunicable.     Incapable  of  being  told  or  imparted  to  others. 

Inexpressible.     Not  capable  of  utterance  in  language. 

Inexpressive.     Without  meaning;  inexpressible.     [Browning.] 

Insignificant.     Without  sense  or  import. 

Meaningless.     Without  sense  or  purpose. 

Nonsensical.     Foolish  or  without  sense. 

Not  expressed.     Implied  or  left  to  inference. 

Not  significant.     Without  meaning.     See  Clearness. 

Quibbling.     Evasive. 

Senseless.     Deficient  in  sense. 

Tacit.     Implied  but  not  expressed.     See  Manifestation-Latency. 

Trashy.     Good  for  nothing. 

Trivial.     Trifling. 

Trumpery.     Deceptive. 

Twaddling.     Silly. 

Undefinable.     Not  capable  of  being  explained. 

Unexpressive.     Without  meaning ;  inexpressible.   [Milton,  Lycidas 4 

Unmeaning.     Having  no  signification. 

Unmeant.     Not  intended. 

Vacant.     Empty  of  thought. 

Void  of  sense.     Wanting  sense.     See  Clearness. 

Washy.     Weak,  or  lacking  depth. 


MEANING — Adjectives — Continued. 

Significatory.     See  Significant 

Synonymous.     Conveying  the  same,  or  nearly  the  same,  idea. 

Tantamount.     Equivalent    in    signification    or    effect.     See   sub 

EgUALITY 

Meaning — Adverbial  Expression*. 
That  is  to  say.     See  Interpretation. 
To  that  effect.     With  that  meaning. 


MEANINGLESS. 


653 


MEASURE. 


mean'-ing-less.    Without  meaning.    Meaning-Jargon. 

mean'-ness.  Baseness.  Magnitude-Smallness,  Un- 
selfishness-Selfishness. 

means.  Instrument;  resources.  Affluence-Penury, 
Instrumentality,  Materials,  Means,  Property; 
by  all  means,  Consent,  Leave-Prohibition,  Means, 
Readiness-Reluctance;  by  any  means,  Means;  by 
no  means,  Assertion-Denial  ;  means  of  access, 
Way. 

MEANS. 

Aid.      Assistance. 

Appliances.  The  things  applied  or  used  as  means  to  an  end.  See- 
Instrument. 

A  shot  in  the  locker.     Shot  stored  away  for  an  emergency. 

'Capital.  Money  or  stock  employed  in  trade  as  a  means  of  pro- 
ducing wealth. 

Cards  to  play.     Means  to  success,  not  yet  employed. 

■Conveniences.     Things  suited  to  one's  wants. 

Expedients.     Suitable  means  to  accomplish  an  end. 

Means.  That  through  which  or  by  the  help  of  which  an  end  is 
attained. 

Medium.  A  secondary  agency  by  or  through  which  a  primary 
agency  accomplishes  some  end. 

Provision.  That  which  is  brought  together  or  arranged  beforehand 
for  the  accomplishment  of  an  end.     See  Provision. 

Resources.     That  on  which  one  depends  for  supply  or  support. 

Sheet  anchor.     Anything  regarded  as  a  sure  support  in  danger. 

Stock  in  trade.     A  store  of  goods  on  hand. 

Two  strings  to  one's  bow.     Extra  means. 

Ways  and  means.     Suitable  means  to  accomplish  an  end. 

Wherewithal.     The  necessary  means  or  instrument. 

Means — Verbs. 

Find  means.      ") 

Have  means.      >See  Nouns. 

Possess  means.) 

Means — Adjectives. 

Instrumental.     Serving  as  a  means.     See  Instrumentality. 
Mechanical.     Operated  by  the  action  of  torces  without  a  directing 
intelligence.     See  Instrument. 

Means — Adverbial  Expressions. 

By  all  means;  by  any  means;  by  means  of ;  by  some  means;  by  the 
agency  of;  by  the  aid  of  (see  Obstruction);  by  what  means; 
herewith;  how  (see  Way)-  therewith;  through;  wherewith; 
wherewithal;  with;  with  the  aid  of . 

mean'-time".     Interval.     Duration-Neverness. 

mean'- while" .     Interval.      Duration-Neverness. 

mea'-sles.  A  contagious  febrile  disorder.  Health- 
Sickness. 

meas'-u-ra-ble.  Capable  of  computation.  Mensura- 
tion. 

meas'-ure.  Extent;  to  judge;  time;  meter;  trans- 
action ;  moderation.  Action-Passiveness,  Assign- 
ment, Design,  Measure,  Melody-Dissonance, 
Mensuration,  Poetry-Prose,  Quantity-Measure, 
Turbulence-Calmness;  angular  measure,  Angu- 
larity; full  measure,  Enough;  out  of  measure, 
Excess-Lack;   without  measure,  Excess-Lack. 

MEASURE. 

Measure.  The  extent,  quantity,  capacity,  volume  or  dimensions  of 
anything  as  ascertained  by  a  certain  rule  or  standard. 

Measure — Apothecaries'  Fluid  Measure. 

Dram.     One-eighth  of  an  ounce. 

■Gallon.     A  measure  of  capacity  of  231  cubic  inches. 

Minim.      .95  of  a  grain  of  water. 

Ounce.     455  6  grains. 

Pint,      16  ounces. 

Measure — Apothecaries'  Weight. 

Dram.     60  grains  or  one-eighth  of  an  ounce. 
Grain.     One-sixteenth  of  a  pound. 
Ounce.      4275  grains. 
Pound.      12  ounces. 
Scruple.      20  grains. 


Measure — Avoirdupois  Weight. 
Dram.     One-sixteenth  of  an  ounce. 
Grain.     The  1-7000  part  of  a  pound. 
Hundredweight.     100  pounds. 
Ounce.     One-sixteenth  of  a  pound. 
Pound.      16  ounces. 

Quarter.     One-fourth  of  a  hundredweight. 
Stone.      14  pounds. 
Ton.     2000  pounds. 

Measure — Cubic  Measure. 

Cubic  foot.      1728  cubic  inches. 

Cubic  inch.  A  measure  equal  to  a  cube  whose  edge  is  one  inch. 
Cubic  yard.  A  measure  equal  to  a  cube  whose  edge  is  one  yard. 
Perch.     25  cubic  feet 

Measure — Dry  Measure 

Bushel.     A  measure  of  capacity  of  2150.4  cubic  inches. 

Peck.     One-fourth  of  a  bushel. 

Pint.     One-half  of  a  quart. 

Quart.     One  thirty-second  of  a  bushel. 

Measure — Linear  Measure. 

Foot.      12  inches. 

Furlong.     One-eighth  of  a  mile. 

Inch.     One-twelfth  of  a  foot. 

League.     3  statute  miles. 

Mile.     5280  feet. 

Rod.      16H  feet. 

Yard.     3  feet. 

Measure —  Liquid  Measure, 

Barrel.     A  measure  of  31  gallons. 

Cask.     60  gallons. 

Gallon.     A  measure  containing  23r  cubic  inches- 

Gill.     One-fourth  of  a  pint. 

Hogshead.     63  gallons. 

Pint.     One-half  of  a  quart. 

Quart.     One-fourth  of  a  gallon. 

Measure — Mariners'  Measure,. 

Cable.      100  fathoms. 

Fathom.     6  feet 

Foot.      1 2  inches. 

Mile.     5280  feet. 

Nautical  mile.     2020  yards. 

Statute  mile.     5280  feet.         • 

Measure — Metric  System — Capacity. 

Centiliter  One  one -thousandth  of  a  peck. 

Decaliter.  .284  of  a  bushel. 

Deciliter.  One  one-hundredth  of  a  peck. 

Hectoliter.     2.84  bushels. 

Kiloliter.  28. 3S  bushels. 

Liter.     .11  of  a  peck. 

Milliliter.  .061  cubic  inch. 

M  e  a  s  u  r  b — Metric  System —  Length. 

Centimeter.      .394  inch. 
Decameter.     3077  inches. 
Decimeter.     3.94  inches. 
Hectometer.      109.36  yards. 
Kilometer.      .62  of  a  mile. 
Meter.     39-37  inches. 
Millimeter.     .030  inch. 
Myriameter.      6.21  miles. 

Measure — Metric  System — Surface. 

Are.     .02  of  an  acre. 
Centare.      1.19  square  yards. 
Hectare.     2.47  acres. 

Measure — Metric  System —  Weight. 
Centigram.     One-hundredth  part  of  a  gram. 
Decagram.      15432  grains. 
Decigram.     1.54  grains. 
Gram.      1542  grains. 
Hectogram.     3.53  ounces. 
Kilogram.      2.2  pounds. 
Millier.      10.67  hundredweights. 
Milligram.     .01  grain. 
Myriagram.     22.05  pounds. 
Quintal.     220.46  pounds. 


MEASURE. 


654 


MEDIATION. 


Measure — Paper  Measure. 
Bale.     A  large  package. 
Bundle.     Two  reams  cf  paper. 
Printer's  bundle.     Tro  large  reams. 
Printer's  quire.      24  sheets. 
Printer's  ream.     2 1 H  quires. 
Ream.     20  quires. 
Roll  rf  parchment. 

Measure — Square  Measure. 

Acre.     160  square  rods. 

Square  foot.     144  square  inches. 

Square  inch.     A  measure  equal  to  a  surface  whose  side  is  one  inch. 

Square  mile.     640  acres. 

Square  rod.     30)4  square  yards. 

Square  yard.     9  square  feet. 

Measure — Surveyors'  Linear  Measure. 
Chain.     32  yards. 
Link.     7.92  inches. 
Mile.     5280  feet. 
Rod.     16.5  feet. 

Measure — Surveyors'  Square  Measure. 
Acre.     160  square  rods 
Square  chain.     480  square  yards. 
Square  link.     23.12  square  inches 
Square  rod.     272V4  square  feet. 
Township.     36  square  miles. 

Measure — Time  Measure. 
Century.      1 00  years. 
Common  year.     365  days. 
Day.     24  hours. 
Hour.     60  minutes. 
Leap-year.     366  days. 
Minute.     One-sixtieth  part  of  an  hour 
Second.     One-sixtieth  part  of  a  minute. 
Week.     7  days. 

Measure — Troy  Weight. 
Grain.      1-5760  part  of  a  pound. 
Ounce.     480  grains. 
Pennyweight.     24  grains. 
Pound.     5760  grains. 

Measure — Wood  Measure. 
Cord.     A  measure  of  wood  equal  to  1  28  cubic  feet  (4  by  4  by  8) . 
Cord  foot.     The  128th  part  of  a  cord. 
Cubic  foot.     A  cube,  measuring  a  foot  in  length. 

meas'-ured.  Sufficient;  estimated.  Enough,  Melody- 
Dissonance,  Moderation-Selfindulgence,  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness. 

meas'-ure-less.     Without  measure.     Infinity. 

meas'-ure-ment.     Computation.     Mensuration. 

meas'-ures.  Means;  acts;  extent.  Have  no  measures 
with,  Variance-Accord;  take  measures,  Conduct, 
Design,  Preparation-Nonpreparation, 

meas'-ur-ing.     Computing.     Mensuration. 

meat.  Animal  food.  Nutriment-Excretion;  broken 
meat,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

Mae-ce'-nas.  Roman  statesman;  patron  of  letters. 
Friend-Foe,  Scholar-Dunce. 

me-chan'-ic.     A  workman.     Agent,  Labor-Capital. 

me-chan'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  mechanics;  automat- 
ical. Instrument,  Means,  Volition-Obligation; 
mechanical  powers,  Instrument. 

mech"-a-ni'-cian.     A  designer  of  machinery.     Agent. 

mech'-a-nism.     Machinery.     Instrument. 

medaglia,  ha  il  sus  rovescio,  ogni  [It.]  (me-dal'-ya,  ha 
u  sus  ro-ves'-cho  on'-yi).  Every  medal  has  its 
reverse.     Anteriority-Posteriority. 

med'-al.  An  engraved  disk  given  for  merit.  Mark- 
Obliteration,  Sculpture,  Title,  Trophy. 

med'-al-ist.     A  designer  of  medals.     Adept-Bungler. 

me-dal'-lion.     A  large  medal.     Sculpture. 

med'-dle.  To  interfere  officiously.  Activity-Indo- 
lence. 

med'-dle-some.     Intrusive.     Activity-Indolence. 

med'-dling.     Officious.     Activity-Indolence. 

midecln,  gu4ris-toi    toi-mhne    [F.]  (m£d-san"',    ge-rl"- 


twa'  twa"-mem'),  Physician,  heal  thyself.  Reno- 
vation-Relapse. 

medeciniant  pis  [F,]  (m£d-san*'  tan'  pi).  A  doctor  so 
much  the  worse.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

medecine  expectanie  [F.]  (mM-sin'  ex-pec-tarrt').  A 
time  treatment.  Earliness-Lateness,  Remedy- 
Bane. 

Medes  and  Persians,  law  of  the.  Mutation-Perma- 
nence, Uniformity-Multiformity. 

me'-di-al.     Mean.     Middle. 

me'-di-ant.  The  third  above  the  key-note.  Melody- 
Dissonance. 

medias  res,  in  [L.]  (mi'-di-as  riz,  in).  Into  the  midst 
of  affairs.  Middle;  plunge  m  medias  res,  Injection- 
Ejection,  Simplicity-Floridness. 

me'-di-ate.  Intercede.  Divinity,  Instrumentality, 
Mediation,  Middle. 

me"-di-a'-tion.  Intervention;  intercession.  Divin- 
ity, Instrumentality,  Mediation,  Petition-Ex- 
postulation. 

MEDIATION. 

Intercession.     The  act  of   mediating  between  persons,  especially  in 

favor  of  one  party. 
Interference.     The  exercise  of  influence  or  authority  in  the  concerns 

of  others,  for  the  purpose  of  modifying  an  established  course  of 

one. 
Intermeddling.     The  act  of  taking  part  in  the  affairs  of  others  with- 
out being  asked  or  desired. 
Interposition.     Taking  part  with  authority  in  the  affairs  of  others  as 

a  prevention  of  some  result  that  would  otherwise  occur. 
Intervention.     Any  interference  that  may  affect  the  affairs  of  others. 
Mediation.     Agency  between  parties,  as  the  equal  friend  of  each, 

with  influence  recognized  by  each. 
Mediatization.     The  act  of  coming  between  two  parties  as  the  equal 

friend  of  each. 
Mediatorship.     The  office  or  character  of  a  mediator. 

Mediation — Denotations. 

Arbitration.  The  hearing  and  determining  of  a  cause  between 
parties  in  controversy,  by  a  person  or  persons  agreed  upon  by  the 
parties. 

Compromise.  An  arrangement  for  the  settlement  of  a  dispute  by 
mutual  concession,  involving  a  partial  surrender  by  both  sides. 
See  sub  Compromise. 

Diplomacy.  The  art  and  practise  of  conducting  negotiations 
between  nations. 

Diplomatics.     The  art  of  deciphering  ancient  writings,  charters,  etc. 

Flag  of  truce.  A  white  flag  displayed  by  an  enemy,  for  the  purpose 
of  making  some  communication  not  hostile.  See  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation. 

Good  offices.  Voluntary  service  which  one  offers  to  parties  in  dis- 
pute, to  effect  a  settlement. 

Negotiation.  The  mutual  intercourse  of  governments  by  diplomatic 
agents,  in  making  treaties,  etc. 

Parley.  An  oral  conference  with  an  enemy,  as  with  regard  to  a 
truce. 

Peace-offering.  A  gift  or  cervice  offered  as  satisfaction  to  an 
offended  person 

Mediation— Nouns  of  Agent. 

Diplomatist.  A  person  employed  or  skilled  in  conducting  negotia- 
tions.    See  sub  Consignee. 

Go-between.     An  intermediate  agent,  usually  in  a  disparaging  sense. 

Intercessor.  One  who  comes  between  parties  at  variance,  with  a 
view  to  reconciliation,  by  pleading  for  one  party. 

Make-peace.     A  peacemaker. 

Mediator.     An  equal  friend  of  parties  in  dispute. 

Moderator.     One  who  pacifies  or  restrains. 

Negotiator.  A  person  who  treats  with  others  in  respect  to  public 
compacts. 

Peacemaker.     One  who  reconciles  parties  at  variance. 

Mediation — Verbs. 
Arbitrate.     To  settle  a  dispute  by  parties  mutually  agreed  upon  by 

the  disputants. 
Intercede.     To  act  between  parties  by  pleading  in  behalf  of  one. 
Interfere.     To  take  part  in  the  concerns  of  others,  especially  to 

prevent  some  action. 
Interpose.     To  exercise  one's  authority  in  the  affairs  of  others. 
Intervene.     To  interfere  in  any  way  to  affect  the  affairs  of  others. 
Magnas  componere  lites  [L.].     To  settle  great  disputes. 


MEDIATION. 


655 


MEETING. 


Mediate.     To  interpose  between  parties,  as  the  equal  friend  of  each. 
Mediatize.     To  cause  to  act  through  an  agent. 
Meet  half-way.     To  agree  to  a  compromise. 

Negotiate.     To  hold  intercourse  respecting  a  treaty,  league,  or  con- 
vention. 
Step  in.     To  take  a  part  in  an  affair. 

Mediation — Adjective. 
Mediatory.     Pertaining  to  mediation  or  a  mediator. 

me"-di-a-ti-za'-tion.  Reduction  from  a  direct  to  a 
mediate  relation.     Mediation. 

me'-di-a-tize.  Reduce  from  a  direct  to  a  mediate 
relation.     Mediation. 

me'-di-a"-tor.  One  who  mediates.  Antagonist- 
Assistant. 

Me'-di-a"-tor.     Saviour.     Divinity. 

me"-di-a-to'-ri-al.  Serving  to  mediate.  Precedence- 
Succession. 

me'-di-a"-tor-ship.     Office  of  a  mediator.     Mediation. 

me'-di-a-to-ry.     Pertaining  to  mediation.     Mediation. 

med'-i-ca,  ma-te'-ri-a.  The  science  of  medicinal  sub- 
stances.    Remedy-Bane. 

med'-i-cal.  Relating  to  medicine.  Remedy-Bane; 
medical  attendant,  Remedy-Bane. 

med'-i-ca-ment.     A  healing  agency.     Remedy-Bane. 

med'-i-cas"-ter.     A  quack.     Gull-Deceiver. 

med'-i-cate.  To  treat;  to  tincture.  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity, Renovation-Relapse. 

me-dic'-i-nal.  Adapted  to  mitigate  bodily  diseases. 
Remedy-Bane. 

med'-i-cine.  A  curative  substance.  Remedy-Bane; 
medicine  man,  Devotion-Magician. 

mcdicum,  odium  [L.]  (med'-ic-um,  o'-di-um).  Mutual 
hatred  among  physicians.     Love-Hate. 

me-di'-e-ty.     The  middle  part.     Middle. 

me"-di-e'-val.  Belonging  to  the  Middle  Ages.  New- 
ness-Antiquity. 

me"-di-e'-val-ism.  Spirit  of  the  Middle  Ages.  Fu- 
ture-Past. 

me"-di-e'-val-ist.  One  devoted  to  the  ideas  of  the 
Middle  Ages.     Future-Past. 

mediis  rebus,  in  [L.]  (mi'-di-is  ri'-bus,  in).  In  the 
midst  of  affairs.     Activity-Indolence. 

medio  tutissimus,  in  [L.]  (mi'-di-o  tiu-tis'-im-us,  in). 
Safety  in  moderation.     Recklessness-Caution. 

mediocritas,  aurea  [L.]  mi-di-oc'-ri-tas  au'-ri-a).  The 
golden  medium.     Midcourse-Circuit. 

me'-di-o"-cre.  Ordinary.  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness. 

me"-di-oc'-ri-ty.  Middle  state;  a  moderate  degree. 
Faultlessness  -  Faultiness,  Magnitude  -  Small- 
ness,  Mediocrity,  Medium. 

MEDIOCRITY. 

Average  circumstances.     General  or  ordinary  circumstances. 

Golden  mean.     See  Midcourse;  Turbulence-Calmness. 

Mediocrity.     Ordinary,  commonplace  ability 

Middle  classes.  Classes^that  occupy  socially  an  intermediate  posi- 
tion. 

Moderate  circumstances.  Limited  condition  in  regard  to  worldly 
estate. 

Respectability.     State  of  being  moderate  in  excellence. 

Mediocrity — Verbal  Expressions. 
Get  on  fairly;  get*  on  peaceably;  get  on  quietly;  get  on  respectably; 
get  on  tolerably;   go  on  fairly;  go  on  peaceably;  go  on  quietly;  go 
on  respectably;  go  on  tolerably ;  jog  on. 

med'-i-tate.      To  plan  in  the  mind.      Purpose-Luck, 

Reflection- Vacancy. 
med"-i-ta'-tion.     Reflection.     Reflection-Vacancy. 
med'-i-ta-tive.     Thoughtful.     Reflection-Vacancy. 
med"-i-ter-ra'-ne-an.       Enclosed  nearly  or  wholly  by 

land.     Environment-Interposition,  Middle. 
me'-di-um.      Mediocre;    atmosphere;   a  liquid  vehicle; 


mean;  seer.  Color-Achromatism,  Devotion- 
Magician,  Environment-Interposition,  Instru- 
mentality, Medium,  Middle;  transparent  medium, 
Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

MEDIUM. 

Average.  The  result  obtained  by  dividing  the  sum  by  the  number  of 
items  added. 

Balance.  The  middle,  or  the  part  easily  thrown  on  one  side  or  the 
other. 

Compromise.  Means  of  settling  by  each  giving  in  a  little  See 
Compromise. 

Generality.     The  greater  part. 

Golden  mean.     Absence  of  extremes  or  excess. 

Intermedium.     Medium. 

Mean.  The  point  found  according  to  some  law  between  two  ex- 
tremes. 

Mediocrity.     Common  excellence. 

Medium.     Agent  acting  between  two  things. 

Middle.     The  point  half-way  between  two  points. 

Neutrality.     The  state  of  not  acting  for  or  against. 

Medium — Verbal  Expressions. 
Pair  off;   reduce  to  a  mean;   split  the  difference;   strike  a  balance; 
take  the  average. 

Medium — Adjectives. 
Average.     Ordinary. 
Commonplace.     Of  not  much  excellence. 
Intermediate.     Holding  a  place  in  the  middle. 
Mean.     Common. 

Mediocre  [F.].     Of  moderate  excellence. 
Middle.     Half-way  between  two  points.     See  sub  Middle. 
Middle-class.     Intermediate. 
Neutral.     Not  acting  for  or  against  anything. 

Medium — Adverbs,  etc. 
Conitnuntbus  annis  fL.fl.     Taking  one  year  with  another. 
In  round  numbers;  in  the  long  run;  on  an  average;  taking  All  things 
together;  taking  it  for  all  in  all;  taking  one  with  another. 

Medium — Phrase. 
Medium  tenuere  bcati  [LJ.     The  happy  hold  the  middle  course. 

med'-ley.         Jumble;     mixture.  Mixture-Homo- 

geneity, Regularity-Irregularity;  chance  med- 
ley, Rationale-Luck. 

med'-ul-la-ry.  Pertaining  to  marrow  or  medulla. 
Hardness-Softness. 

meed.  Desert;  reward.  Assignment,  Recompense- 
Punition;   meed  of  praise,  Approval-Disapproval. 

meek.       Gentle;    humble.        Excitability-Inexcita- 

BILITY,  SELFRESPECT-HUMBLENESS. 

meek'-ness.     Gentleness.     Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

meet.  Suitable;  to  come  together.  Arrival-De- 
parture, Bravery-Cowardice,  Concentration- 
Radiation,  Dueness-Undueness,  Duty-Derelic- 
tion,  Gathering-Scattering,  Harmony-Discord, 
Interspace  -  Contact,  Observance  -  Nonobserv- 
ance,  Propriety-Impropriety;  make  both  ends 
meet,  Affluence-Penury,  Generosity-Frugality; 
meet  half-way,  Amity-Hostility,  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Composition,  Fighting-Concili- 
ation, Mediation,  Readiness-Reluctance,  Vari- 
ance-Accord; meet  hand  to  hand,  Strife-Peace; 
meet  In  front,  Bravery-Cowardice;  meet  one  at 
every  turn,  Excess-Lack,  Presence-Absence; 
meet  one's  death,  Life-Death;  meet  one's  end, 
Life-Death;  meet  one's  expenses,  Generosity- 
Frugality;  meet  one's  wishes,  Consent,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness;  meet  the  ear,  Hearing- 
Deafness;  meet  the  eye,  Visibility-Invisibility; 
meet  with,  Discovery,  Occurrence-Destiny: 
meet  with  attention,  Heed-Disregard;  unable  to 
make  both  ends  meet,  Affluence-Penury,  Settle- 
ment-Default. 

meet'-ing.  A  coming  together.  Arrival-Departure, 
Concentration-Radiation,  Council,  Gathering- 


MEETING. 


656 


MELODY— DISSONANCE. 


Scattering,  Interspace-Contact,  Vigor-Inertia; 
hostile  meeting,  Strife-Peace. 

meet'-ing-house".  A  house  for  public  worship. 
Dweller-Habitation,  Fane. 

meg'-a-cosm.     The  great  world.     Universe. 

Meg-ae'-ra.  One  of  the  Greek  goddesses  of  vengeance. 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

meg'-a-scope.  A  solar  microscope.  Optical  Instru- 
ments. 

Meg"-a-the'-ri-um.  An  extinct  edentate.  Novelty- 
Antiquity. 

vieglio  coder  dalle  finestre  che  dal  tetto  [It.]  (mel'-yo 
ka'-der  dal'-le  fin-es'-tre  ke  dal  tet'-to).  It  is  better 
to  fall  from  the  window  than  from  the  roof.  Height- 
Lowness. 

xne'-grims.  Congestion  of  the  brain  in  a  horse.  Agita- 
tion, Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

Mei-bo'-mi-an.  Pertaining    to    Heinrich    Meibom. 

Meibomian  glands,  Anatomy. 

MeinHerr  [G.]  (main  her).     Sir.     Title. 

meis'-ter-sing"-er.  Poet  and  musician  of  Germany. 
Poetry-Prose. 

me  judice  [L.]  (mi  ju'-di-si) .  In  my  opinion.  Faith- 
Misgiving. 

mel"-an-cho'-li-a.  Dejection;  insanity.  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection, Saneness-Lunacy. 

mel"-an-chol'-ic.  Low-spirited.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

mel'-an-chol-y.  Gloomy;  despondency.  Contented- 
ness-Discontentment,  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion; away  with  melancholy,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection. 

melange  [F.]  (me-lanzh') .  A  mixture.  Mixture- 
Homogeneity. 

mel'-a-no-scope.  An  instrument  used  to  distinguish 
between  substances  giving  red  spectral  bands.  In-' 
strument. 


mel,  ibi  apes,  ibi  [L.]  (mel,  oi'-bai  e'-piz,  ai'-bai). 
Where  the  honey  is,  there  are  the  bees.  Desire- 
Distaste. 

meUe   [F.]   (me-le').  An    affray.  Regularity- 

Irregularity,  Strife-Peace. 

meliora  proboque  deteriora  sequor,  video  [L.]  (mi-li- 
o'-ra  pro-bo'-qui  di-ti'-ri-o'-ra  si'-quor,  vid'-i-o).  I 
see  the  better  and  approve,  the  worse  I  follow. 
Mutability-Stability. 

meliora,  spero  [L.]  (mi-li-o'-ra,  spi'-ro).  I  hope  for 
better  things.     Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

me'-lio-rate.  To  make  better.  Betterment-De- 
terioration. 

me'-lic-ra-tion.  Improvement.  Betterment-De- 
terioration. 

melioribus,  da  locum  [L.]  (mi-li-or'-i-bus,  da  lo'-cum) . 
Give  place  to  your  betters.  Chief-Underling, 
Yielding. 

melius  inquirendum,  ad  [L.]  (mi'-li-us  in-qui-ren'- 
dum,  ad) .  The  better  for  searching.  Betterment- 
Deterioration. 

mel-lif'-er-ous.     Bearing  honey.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

mel-lif'-lu-ous.  Sweetly  flowing.  Melody-Disso- 
nance, Purity-Crudeness. 

mel'-low.  Soft;  delicate;  subdued;  tipsy;  to  become 
mellow.  Betterment-Deterioration,     Color- 

ACHROMATISM,  CONVERSION-REVERSION,  HaRDNESS- 

Softness,  Infancy -Age,  Melody  -  Dissonance, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Teetotalism-In- 
temperance. 

mel'-low-ness.  Ripeness.  Preparation-Nonprep- 
aration. 

mel'-o'-di-ous.     Tuneful.     Melody-Dissonance. 

mel'-o-dist.     A  composer  of  melodies.     Musician 

mel"-o-dra'-ma.     A  musical  drama.     Acting. 

mel"-o-dra-mat'-ic.    Resembling  melodrama.   Acting. 

mel-o-dy.     Melody-Dissonance. 


MELODY— DISSONANCE. 


Chime .     The  harmonious  sounding  together  of  musical  instruments . 

Concent.     Concord  of  sounds. 

Concord.     An  agreeable  combination  of  sounds  heard  at  the  same 

time. 
Consonance.     Pleasing  accord  and  harmony  of  sounds. 
Euphonism.     Agreeable  and  harmonious  combination  of  sounds. 
Euphony.     An  agreeable  sound  which  is  pleasing  to  the  ear. 
Harmony.     The  concord  resulting  from  two  or  more  musical  strains 

of  different  pitch. 
Homophony.     Sameness  of  sound. 
Melody.     The  pleasing  variety  and  alternation  of  sounds,  musical 

and  measured,  as  they  succeed  each  other. 
Rhythm.     Musical  movement;  regular  recurrence  of  accent. 
Unison.     A  coincidence  of  sounds  proceeding  from  different  sonorous 

bodies,  but  having  the  same  number  of  vibrations  in  a  given  time. 
Unisonance.     Unison  of  sounds. 

Melody — Associated  Nouns. 

Acciaccatura  [It  J.     A  grace  note. 

Appoggiato  [It.|.  A  direction  in  music  that  notes  are  to  be  so  per- 
formed that  they  glide  and  melt  into  each  other. 

Appoggiatwra  [It .Q.     A  subordinate  note  preceding  an  essential  tone. 

Bar.  A  vertical  line  across  the  staff,  which  divides  the  stafTinto 
measures. 

Brace.     A  vertical  curved  line  used  to  connect  staves. 

Breve.     A  note  equal  to  two  semibreves. 

Burden.     The  verse  repeated  in  a  song. 

Chords.     A  combination  of  tones  simultaneously  performed. 

Chromatic  scale.     A  music  scale  of  thirteen  tones. 

Clef.  A  character  used  in  music  to  determine  the  position  or  pitch 
of  the  scale. 

Composer.     An  author  of  a  piece  of  music . 

Contrapuntist.     One  skilled  in  writing  music  in  parts. 

Counterpoint.     The  writing  of  music  in  parts. 

Crotchet.     A  quarter  note. 

Demisemiquaver.  A  short  note  equal  in  time  to  one  thirty-second 
of  a  whole  note. 

Diapason.     The  entire  compass  of  tones. 


Cacophony.      A  combination  of  discordant  and  inharmonious  sounds. 
Discord.      A  combination  of  musical  sounds  which  strikes  the  ear 

harshly  on  account  of    the  incommensurability  of  their  several 

vibrations. 
Discordance.     The  state  of  being  discordant. 
Dissonance.     A  combination  of  discordant  sounds. 
Harshness,  etc.      The  state  of  being  grating  or  disagreeable  in  sound. 

See  Cacophony. 

Dissonance — Denotations, 

Babel     A  confused  mixture  of  sounds,  as  of  voices  or  languages,  as 

at  the  building  of  the  tower  of  Babel. 
Caterwauling.      The  cry  of  cats. 

Cat's  concert.      Harsh  disagreeable  noises  or  cries  like  the  cry  of  cats. 
Dutch  concert.      A  so-called  concert  in  which  all  the  singers  sing  at 

the  same  time  different  songs. 
Marrow-bones  and  cleavers.      Large  bones  used  to  make  a  rhythmical 

accompaniment  by  beating. 

Dissonance — Verbs. 

Be  discordant,  etc.     To  be  inharmonious.     See  Adjectives, 

Jar,  etc.     To  sound  harshly;  grate  upon  the  ears.     See  Cacophony. 

Dissonance — Adjectives. 

Absonant.     Discordant,  not  consonant. 

Cacophonous.     Inharmonious. 

Discordant.     Not  in  harmony  or  musical  concord. 

Dissonant.     Inharmonious. 

Harsh,  etc.     Grating  on  the  ear;  displeasing.     See  Cacophony. 

Immelodious.     Not  melodious. 

Inharmonious.     Out  of  harmonious  accord. 

Out  of  tune.     Not  in  harmony  or  concord. 

Singsong.     In  a  drawling  or  monotonous  manner  or  tone. 

Tuneless.     Unmusical. 

Unharmonious.      Discordant. 

Unmelodious.     Not  pleasing  or  agreeable  to  the  ear. 

Unmusical.     Not  musical. 

Untunable.     Not  able  to  be  tuned. 


MELODY. 


657 


MELT. 


MELODY — Associated  Nouns- "-£#«/»»«*<£ 


Diatessaron.     An  interval  of  a  fourth. 

Diatonic  scale.  A  scale  consisting  of  eight  sounds  with  seven  in- 
tervals. 

Dominant.     The  fifth  tone  of  the  scale. 

Drone.     A  monotonous  base. 

Enharmonic  scale.  A  scale  of  perfect  intonation  which  recognizes 
all  the  notes  and  intervals  that  result  from  the  exact  tuning  oE 
diatonic  scales. 

Faburden.     A  counterpoint  with  a  drone  bass. 

Flat.     A  character  beside  a  note  indicating  a  semitone  lower. 

Fourth.     The  interval  of  two  tones  and  a  semitone. 

Fundamental  bass.  1  The  rQot  note  o{  a  chord 

Fundamental  note.) 

Gamut.     The  scale. 

Harmonics.  Secondary  and  less  distinct  tones  which  accompany 
any  principal  tone 

Harmonist.     One  skilled  in  the  principles  of  harmony. 

High  note,  etc.     An  acute  or  sharp  note.     See  Cacophon  v. 

Interval.     Difference  in  pitch  between  any  two  tones. 

Intonation.     The  act  of  sounding  the  tones  of  the  musical  scale.  ' 

Key.  The  fundamental  tone  of  a  movement  to  which  its  modula- 
tions are  referred. 

Key-note.     The  first  tone  of  the  scale  in  which  a  piece  is  written. 

Key  scale.     The  scale  in  which  a  piece  is  written. 

Leading  note.     The  seventh  note  in  the  ascending  scale. 

Line.  One  of  the  straight  horizontal  and  parallel  strokes  on  and 
between  which  the  notes  are  placed. 

Low  note,  etc.     A  base  note      See  Resonance. 

Major  key.  A  key  in  which  one  and  two,  two  and  three,  four  and 
five,  five  and  six,  six  and  seven,  make  major  seconds. 

Major  mode.  The  scale  as  affected  by  the  various  positions  in  it  of 
the  intervals. 

Major  scale.  The  natural  diatonic  scale,  which  has  semitones 
between  the  third  and  fourth,  and  seventh  and  eighth  degrees. 

Major  tone.     The  principal  tone  of  a  scale. 

Measure.  The  group  or  grouping  of  beats,  caused  by  the  regular 
recurrence  of  accented  beats. 

Mediant.     The  third  note  above  the  key-note. 

Minim.      A  half  note  equal  in  time  to  two  quarters. 

Minor  key.  A  key  less  by  a  semitone  in  interval  or  difference  of 
pitch. 

Minor  mode.     The  scale  in  which  the  third  and  sixth  are  minors. 

Minor  scale.  The  scale  in  which  the  third  and  sixth  are  minors, 
with  a  semitone  between  the  seventh  and  eighth. 

Minor  tone.     A  tone  lower  by  a  semitone. 

Modulation.     A  change  of  key. 

Musical  note.     A  character  in  music  to  indicate  the  length  of  a  tone 


Natural  note.     A  note  of  the  natural  scale. 

Notes  of  a  scale.     The  characters  used  to  indicate  the  tones  of  a  scale. 

Octave.     The  interval  between  one  and  eight  of  the  scale. 

Part.     One  of  the  different  melodies  of  a  concerted  composition. 

Passage.     A  portion  of  a  musical  composition. 

Phrase.     A  short  clause  or  portion  of  a  period. 

Piece  of  music,  etc.     A  musical  composition.     See  Music. 

Pitch.     The  relative  acuteness  of  a  tone. 

Preparation.     The  holding  over  of  a  note  from  one  chord  into  the 

next  chord. 
Quaver.     An  eighth  note. 
Resolution.     The  passing  of  a  dissonant  into  its  proper  consonant 

chord. 
Rest.     Silence  in  music  or  in  one  of  its  parts. 
Rime,  etc.     Correspondence  of  sound  in  the  terminating  words  or 

syllables  of  two  or  more  verses.     See  Poetry. 
Scale.      The  graduated  series  of  all  the  tones  from  the  key-note  to  its 

octave. 
Second.     The  interval  between  any  tone  and  the  tone  next  above  it. 
Semibreve.     A  note  of  half  the  time  of  the  breve. 
Semiquaver.     A  sixteenth  note. 
Semitone.     Half  a  tone. 
Sharp.     A  character  to  indicate  that  the  note  before  which  it  is 

to  be  placed  is  to  be  raised  a  semitone. 
Space.     One  of  the  intervals  between  the  lines  of  the  staff. 
Staff.     The  five  lines  and  spaces  on  which  music  is  written. 
Stave.     The  staff. 

Subdominant.     The  fourth  tone  above,  or  fifth  below,  the  tonic. 
Submediant.     The  sixth  tone  of  the  scale. 
Supertonic.     The  note  next  above  the  key-note. 
Suspension.  .  The  prolongation  of  one  or  more  tones  of  a  chord  into 

the  chord  which  follows. 
Sustained  note .     A  note  held  up  to  a  certain  pitch . 
Syncopation.)  The  welding  into  one  tone  the  second  half  of  one  beat 
Syncope.        /      with  the  first  half  of  the  beat  which  follows. 
Temperament.     A  system  of  compromises  in  the  tuning  of  organs, 

etc.,  whereby  the  tones  are  mutually  modified  and  in  part  can- 
celed. 
Tetrachord.     A  scale  series  of  four  sounds,  of  which  the  first  and  last 

constitute  a  fourth. 
Third.     The  third  tone  of  the  scale. 
Thorough-bass.     The  representation  of    chords   by   figures  placed 

upon  the  base.  • 

Timber.     The  quality  of  tone  distinguishing  voices  or  instruments. 
Tonality.     The  principle  of  key  in  music. 
Tone.     A  sound  considered  as  to  pitch. 
Tonic.     The  first  tone  of  any  scale. 


Melody —  Verbs. 


Accord.     To  agree  in  pitch  or  tone. 

Be  harmonious,  etc.     To  be  agreeable  to  the  ear.     See  Adjectives 

Chime.     To  be  in  harmony. 

Harmonize.     To  be  or  put  in  accord. 

Put  in  tune.     To  harmonize. 

M  elod  y — A  djectives. 


String.      To  put  in  tune  the  strings  of  a  musical  instrument. 
Symphonize.     To  put  in  harmony  with. 
Transpose.     To  change  from  one  key  to  another. 
Tune.     To  harmonize. 


Assonant.     Pertaining  to  or  having  a  resemblance  to  sound. 

Canorous.     Uttering  musical  sounds. 

Chromatic.     Pertaining  to  the  scale  which  proceeds  by  semitones. 

Clear.     Easily  heard;  distinct,  entirely  musical. 

Clear  as  a  bell. 

Concentual.     Possessing  harmony 

Diatonic.     Pertaining  to  the  scale  of  eight  tones,  the  last  of  which  is 

the  octave  of  the  first. 
Dulcet.     Sweet  or  pleasine  to  the  ear 
Enchanting,  etc.     Fascinating;  very  pleasing      See  Pi.easurabi.e- 

ness 
Enharmonic.     Pertaining  to  a  scale  of  perfect  intonation . 
up  onic.     {  pertaining  to  sounds  that  are  pleasing  to  the  ear. 

Euphonious.     Agreeable  or  pleasing  in  sound. 
Fine-toned.     Excellent  or  pure  in  tone. 
Full-toned.     Clear  or  distinct  in  tone. 
Harmonica!.      Pertaining  to  harmony  or  music. 
Harmonious.     Musically  concordant. 
Homophonous      Having  the  same  pitch. 


In  concert.     In  unison. 

In  concord,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

In  tune.     Harmonious. 

Isotonic.     Having  equal  tones. 

Measured.     Regulated;  uniform. 

Mellifluous.     Softly  or  sweetly  flowing. 

Mellow.     Soft;  rich;  not  harsh. 

Melodious.     Containing  or  pertaining  to  music  or  melody. 

Musical.     Pertaining  to  music. 

Rhythmical.     Regularly  recurring  in  beats  or  accents. 

Silver-toned.     Clear  and  ringing  in  tone. 

Silvery.     Having  a  clear,  tinkling  sound . 

Soft.     Gentle;  low;  not  harsh. 

Sweet.     Mild;  soft;  pleasing. 

Syinphonious.     Harmonious  in  sound;  concordant. 

Symphonizing.     Harmonizing;  agreeing  with  in  sound. 

Tunable.     Possessing  the  power  to  be  tuned  or  put  in  harmony. 

Tuneful.     Harmonious:  melodious. 

Unisonant.     Being  in  unison. 


Melody — Adverbs. 


Harmoniously,  etc      In  an  harmonious  manner.     See  Adjectives. 

Mel-pom'-e-ne.    The  muse  of  tragedy.    Acting. 
melt.    Liquefv;  to  become  tender.    Compassion-Ruth- 
42 


lessness,  Conversion-Reversion,  Heating-Cool- 
ing, Liquefaction-Volatilization;  melt  away,  Ap- 


MELT. 


658 


MENSURATION. 


PEARANCE-DlSAPPEARANCE,  ENTITY-NONENTITY,  In- 

crease-Decrease,  Provision-Waste,  Substance- 
Nullity;  melt  in  the  air,  Loudness-Faintness; 
melt  into  one,  Composition-Resolution;  melt  into 
tears,  Jubilation-Lamentation;  melt  the  heart, 
Compassion-Ruthlessness. 

melt'-ing.  Mollifying;  dissolving.  Compassion-Ruth- 
lessness, Heating-Cooling,  Liquefaction-Vola- 
tilization. 

mem'-ber.  A  part;  councilor.  Constituent-Alien, 
Council,  President-Member,  Whole-Part. 

mem'-brane.     A  thin  structure.     Lamina-Fiber. 

meme,  quand  [F.]  (mem,  kan) .  Although.  Antago- 
nism-Concurrence. 

me-men'-to.  A  reminder.  Remembrance-Forget- 
fulness. 

memento  mori  [L.]  (mi-men'-to  mo'-rai).  Be  mindful 
of  death.  Life-Funeral,  Lightheartednesb-De- 
jection. 

meminisse  juvabit  [L.]  (mem"-i-nis'-si  ju-vfi'-bit).  It 
will  help  to  remember.     Remembrance-Forgetful- 

NESS. 

mem'-oir.  A  record  of  something  worthy.  Account, 
Essay. 

mem"-o-ra-bil'-i-a.  Noteworthy  reminiscences.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Remembrance-Forget- 

FULNESS. 

mem'-o-ra-ble.  Remarkable.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

mem"-o-ran'-dum.  A  brief  note  of  things  to  be  remem- 
bered. Mark-Obliteration,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness;  memorandum  book,  Digest,  Mark- 
Obliteration. 

■memoria,  in  ceterna  [L.]  (mi-mo'-ri-a,  in  i-ter'-na). 
In  everlasting  remembrance.  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness. 

memorial,  beatce  [L.]  (mi-mo'-ri-i,  bi-£-ti).  Of  blessed 
memory.     Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

me-mo'-ri-al.  A  commemoration.  Mark-Oblitera- 
tion. 

me-mo'-ri-al-ist.  One  who  writes  a  memorial.  Re- 
corder. 

me-mo'-ri-al-ize.  To  commemorate.  Remembrance- 
Forgetfulness. 

me-mo'-ri-als.     Records.     Account. 

memoriam,  in  [L.]  (mi-mo'-ri-am,  in).  In  memory. 
Life  -  Funeral,      Remembrance  -  Forgetfulness. 

mem'-c-ry.  Remembrance;  fame.  Future-Past,  Re- 
membrance -  Forgetfulness,  Reputation  -  Dis- 
credit; failing  memory,  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness; in  the  memory  of  man,  Future-Past;  memory 
runneth  not  to  the  contrary,  Novelty-Antiquity; 
short  memory,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

men'-ace.  Athreat.  Charitableness-Menace,  Warn- 
ing. 

tnen'-ac-ing.  Threatening.  Charitableness -Men- 
ace. 

me"-nage'.     Household  management.     Conduct. 

men-ag'-e-rie.  A  collection  of  wild  animals  for  exhibit. 
Domestication-Agriculture,  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing, Store. 

men-ag'-e-ry.     Same  as  menagerie.     Store. 

mend.  To  restore.  Betterment-Deterioration; 
mend  one's  manners,  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Politeness-Impoliteness. 

mendacem  memorem  esse  oportel  |X.]  (men-d6'-sem 
ml-mo'-rem  es'-si  o-por'-tet) .  A  bar  needs  to  have  a 
good  memory.  Need,  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness. 

mendacia  lingua,  blandce  [L.]  (men-de'-si-a  lin'-gwi, 
blan'-di).  Falsehoods  of  a  smooth  tongue.  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood. 

men-da'-cious.  Falsifying.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 


men-dac'-i-ty.  Falsehood.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

men'-di-can-cy.  Beggary.  Affluence-Penury,  Peti- 
tion-Expostulation. 

men'-di-cant.  Begging;  a  begging  friar.  Affluence- 
Penury,  Ministry-Laity,  Petitioner. 

men'-di-cate.    To  beg.    Petition-Deprecation. 

mend'-ing.  Improving.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion. 

me'-ni-al.  Servile;  a  servant.  Chief-Underling, 
Gentility-Commonalty. 

men"-in-gi'-tis.  A  disease  of  the  brain.  Health-Sick- 
ness. 

me-nis'-cus.     A  lens.     Optical  Instruments. 

mensa  et  thoro,  separatio  a  [L.]  (men'-sa  et  tho'-ro, 
sep-a-re'-shi-o  6).  Separation  from  bed  and  board. 
Matrimony-Divorce. 

mens  aqua  in  arduis  [L.]  (mens  i'-qua  in  ar'-diu-is) .  A 
tranquil  mind  in  circumstances  of  difficulty.  Ex- 
citability-Inexcitability,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

mens  legis  [L.]  (mens  li'-jis).  The  spirit  of  the  law. 
Law-Lawlessness. 

mens  Sana  [L.]  (mens  sd'-na).  A  sound  mind.  Sane- 
ness-Lunacy. 

mens  sana  in  corpore  sano  [L.]  (mens  se'-na  in  cor'-po-ri 
se'-no).  A  sound  mind  in  a  sound  body.  Pleasure- 
Pain. 

mens  sibi  conscia  recti  [L.]  (mens  sib'-i  cons'-shi-a  rec'- 
tai).  A  mind  conscious  of  rectitude.  Innocence- 
Guilt,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

men'-stru-al.  Occurring  monthly.  Periodicity-Ir- 
regularity. 

men'-stru-um.  A  solvent.  Liquefaction- Volatiliza- 
tion. 

men"-su-ra'-tion.  The  act  of  measuring.  Mensura- 
tion. 

MENSURATION. 

Admeasurement.      The  act  or  process  of  ascertaining  the  dimensions 

of  anything. 
Appraisement.      The  act  of  estimating  the  value  of  anything 
Assessment.     The  valuation  of  property  for  the  purposes  of  taxation. 
Assize.      Anything  fixed  or  reduced  to  a  certainty  in  point  of  weight. 

measure,  etc. 
Cadastre  [F.].     An  official  statement  of  the  value  of  real  estate  for 

the  purpose  of  taxation. 
Dead  reckoning.      The  method  of  determining  the  place  of  a  ship 

from  compass  and  log  without  celestial  observations. 
Estimate.      A  valuing  or  rating  by   the   mind,   without   actually 

measuring,  weighing,  or  the  like. 
Estimation.      An  opinion  of  the  extent  or  quantity  of  anything, 

without  using  precise  data. 
Gaging.     The  act  of  measuring  the  contents  of  anything 
Land  surveying.      The  operation  of  finding  the  contour,  dimensions , 

or  other  particulars  of  any  part  of  the  earth's  surface 
Measurement.      The  act  of  determining  the  extent,  size,  capacity,  or 

amount. 
Mensuration.      The  act  of  computing  the  dimensions  of  anything,  by 

a  certain  rule  or  standard. 
Metage.     Measurement,  especially  of  coal. 

Reckoning.      The  calculation  of  a  ship's  position,  either  from  astro- 
nomical observations,  or  from  compass  and  log.     See  Numbering 
Survey.       The  determination  of  the  form,  extent,  position,  etc.,  of  a 

tract  of  land. 
Surveying.     See  Survey. 
Valuation.     Estimation  or  measure  of  worth  and  value. 

Mensuration — Nouns  of  Means  or  Instrument. 

Armillary  sphere.  An  ancient  astronomical  sphere  on  which  the 
positions  of  the  important  circles  of  the  celestial  sphere  we»e 
marked. 

Astrolabe.     An  instrument  for  showing  the  positions  of  the  stars. 

Balance.     An  apparatus  for  weighing.     See  Heaviness. 

Bathometer.     An  instrument  used  in  deep-sea  soundings. 

Callipers.     An  instrument  for  measuring  the  diameter  of  bodies. 

Cardiograph.  An  instrument  for  recording  the  movements  of  the 
heart. 

Check.     A  mark  lor  verification ;  an  order  for  money. 


MENSURATION. 


659 


MERCHANDISE. 


Compass.      An  instrument  for  determining  directions  upon  the  earth's 

surface. 
Compound  arithmetic.     The  science  of  compound  numbers. 
Flood-mark.       The  mark  or  line  to  which  the  tide  rises,  from  which 

the  height  of  water  is  measured. 
Foot-rule.       A  measuring  instrument  consisting  of  a  graduated  bar 

of  wood  or  metal,  marked  so  as  to  show  feet  and  fractions. 
Gage.    1  A  measure  or  standard;  an  instrument  to  determine  dimen- 
Gauge.i       sions,  distance,  or  capacity. 
Geometer.      One  skilled  in  geometry. 
Graduated  scale.      A  measure  or  rule  marked  with  lines  at  regular 

intervals. 
Graduation.       The   marks  on  an  instrument  or  vessel  to  indicate 

degrees  or  quantity. 
Heliometer.      An  instrument  to  measure  the  diameter  of  the  sun. 
Helioscope.       An  instrument  for  viewing  the  sun  without  injury  to 

the  eyes. 
High-water  mark.       That  line  on  the  seashore  to  which  the  waters 

ordinarily  reach  at  high  water. 
Index.      A  movable    finger  on  a    gage,  scale,  or   other  graduated 

instrument. 
Landmark.       Any  mark  or  fixed  object  by  which  the  limits  of  a  place 

are  known 
Land  surveyor.      One  who  measures  land. 
Line.      A  long  tape,  or  ribbon  of  steel,  marked  with  subdivisions  for 

measuring. 
Measure.     An  instrument  by  which  size  or  quantity  is  measured. 
Meter.      An  instrument  for  measuring  and  recording  the  quantity 

measured. 
Kilometer.       An  instrument  for  measuring  the  rise  of  water  in  the 

Nile  during  its  periodical  flood. 
Odometer.       An   instrument  attached  to  a  wheel   to  measure  the 

distance  traveled. 
Pantometer.      An    instrument    for   measuring   angles   and    perpen- 
diculars. 
Rod.     A  measure  of  length  containing  sixteen  and  one-half  feet 
Rule.      A  measuring  instrument  marked  so  as  to  show  inches  and 

fractions  of  an  inch. 
Scale.     Succession  of  ascending  steps  and  degrees. 
Standard.       That  which  is  established  by  authority  as  a  rule  for  the 

measure  of  quantity,  extent,  value,  or  quality 
Telemeter.       An  apparatus  for  determining  distance  on  the  earth's 

surface. 
Weights  and  measures.      Tables  giving  different  values  of  articles. 
Yard  measure.     A  measure  of  length  equal  to  three  feet. 

Mensuration — Scientific  Terms, 

Altimetry.     The  art  of  measuring  altitudes  or  heights. 

Altitude  and  azimuth.       The  measurements  by  which  the  location  of 

a  star  or  celestial  object  is  noted. 
Barometer.       An  instrument  for  determining  the  weight  or  pressure 

of  the  atmosphere.      See  Water. 
Coordinates.       Lines  by  means  of  which  the  position  of  any  point  is 

defined  with  respect  to  certain  fixed  lines,  or  planes. 
Declination  and  right  ascension.      The  angular  distances  by  which  a 

heavenly  body  is  located. 
Geodesia.     See  Geodesy.  * 

Geodesy.       That   branch  of  applied  mathematics  which  determines 

the  general  figure  and  dimensions  of  the  earth. 
Geodetics.     See  Geodesy. 
Geogeny.      Study  of  the  shape  of  the  earth.   ' 
Geometry.       The    branch    of    mathematics   which    investigates    the 

relations,  properties,  and  measurement  of    solids,  surfaces,  lines, 

and  angles. 
Goniometer.       An  instrument  for  measuring  angles,  especially  angles 

of  crystals 
Hypsometry.       That  branch  of  geodesy  which  measures  heights  of 

portions  of  the  earth's  surface. 
Latitude  and  longitude.       The  location  of  a  place  on  the  earth's  sur- 
face, determined    by  its  distance  north  or  south  of  the  equator,  and 

east  or  west  of  a  standard  meridian. 
Metrology.     The  science  of  weights  and  measures. 
Nonius.     A  vernier.      See  Vernier. 
Ordinate  and  abscissa.        Distances  of  a  point  from  two  straight  lines 

intersecting  at  right  angles,  by  means  of  which  the  location  of  the 

point  is  determined. 
Orthometry.       The  art  of  constructing  verses  of  correct  measures,  etc. 
Polar  coordinates.       Coordinates  made  up  of   a  radius  vector  and  its 

angle  of  inclination  to  another  line. 
Stereometry.      The  art  of  measuring  the  cubical  contents  of  bodies. 
Thermometer.      An    instrument    for   measuring    temperature.      See 

Heat. 
Yransit.      A  surveying  instrument- 
Udometer.     A  rain-gage. 


Variometer.  An  instrument  used  to  determine  the  variation  of 
magnetic  force. 

Velo.     The  velocity  of  one  foot  per  second. 

Vernier.  A  short  scale  made  to  slide  along  the  divisions  of  a  gradu- 
ated instrument.     See  Greatness. 

Mensuration — Verbs. 

Apply  the  compass.     See  Nouns. 

Appraise.     To  measure  the  value  of. 

Appreciate.     To  set  a  price  or  value  on. 

Assess.     To  measure  the  rate  or  amount  of  tax,  etc. 

Estimate.     To  measure  the  worth  of  in  a  general  way. 

Fathom.     To  measure  by  a  sounding  line. 

Form  an  estimate.      To  express  an  opinion  of  the  size  or  amount 

without  actual  measurement. 
Gage.     To  measure  the  contents  or  capacity  of. 
Graduate.     To  mark  with  a  scale  of  measurement. 
Heave  the  lead.     To  take  soundings  with  lead  and  line. 
Heave  the  log.     To  ascertain  the  speed  of  a  vessel  by  the  log.       * 
Measure.      To  ascertain  the  extent,  quantity,  dimensions,  or  capacity 

of,  by  a  certain  rule  or  standard.  • 

Mete.     To  measure. 
Pace.     To  measure  by  steps  or  paces. 
Plumb.     To  measure  the  depth. 
Probe.     To  search  to  the  bottom. 
Rate.     To  set  a  certain  estimate  on. 
Set  a  value  on.     To  measure  the  worth  of. 

Sound.     To  measure  the  depth  of  by  means  of  a  line  and  plummet- 
Span.     To  measure  with  the  hand. 
Step.     To  measure  by  steps. 

Survey.     To  determine  the  form,  extent,  position,  etc 
Take  an  average.     See  Medium. 
Value.     To  measure  the  worth  of. 

Mensuration — Adjectives. 

Geodetical.     Determined  by  the  operations  of  geodesy. 

Measurable.     Capable  of  being  measured. 

Measuring,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Metric.     Proceeding  by  measurement. 

Metrical.     Pertaining  to  measure. 

men'-tal.  Pertaining  to  the  mind.  Mind-Imbecility; 
mental  calm,  Excitability-Inexcitability;  mental 
excitement,  Excitation;  mental  pabulum,  Concep- 
tion-Theme; mental  philosophy,  Mind-Imbecility; 
mental  reservation,  Enlightenment-Secrecy;  men- 
tal suffering,  Pleasure-Pain. 

menteur  b,  triple  iiage  [F.]  (man'-tur'  a  tripl  e'-tazh'). 
A  liar  in  a  triple  degree.     Gull-Deceiver. 

men'-tion.  Notice.  Enlightenment-Secrecy;  above 
mentioned,  Recurrence;  not  worth  mentioning, 
Consequence-Insignificance. 

mentis  grahssimus  error  [L.]  (men'-tis  gra-tis'-sim-us 
er'-ror).    A  most  agreeable  mental  error.    Decision- 

MlSJUDGMENT. 

men'-tor.  A  wise  teacher  and  adviser.  Advice,  In- 
structor-Pupil. 

me-nu'.  A  bill  of  fare.  Nutriment-Excretion, 
Record. 

Meph-is-toph'-e-les.    A  familiar  spirit.    Jove-Fiend,  i 

Meph"-is-to-phe'-li-an.  Pertaining  to  Mephistopheles. 
Virtue-Vice. 

me-phit'-ic.  Foul; noxious.  Healthiness-Unhealthi- 
ness,  Perfume-Stench. 

me-phi'-tis.     A  noxious  exhalation.     Remedy-Bane. 

mer  h  boire,  il  a  le  [F.]  (mer  a  bwar,  il  a  le) .  He  has  the 
sea  to  drink  up  (i.  e.,  an  impossible  job  on  his  hands;. 
Possibility-Impossibility. 

me-ra'-cious.     Strong.     Pungency. 

mer'-can-tile.     Pertaining  to  buying  and  selling.     Ex» 

CHANGE. 

mercatoria,  lex  [L.]  (mer-ca-to'-ri-a,  lex).  Mercantilt 
law.     Law-Lawlessness. 

mer'-ca-ture.     Traffic.     Exchange. 

mer'-ce-na-ry.  Sordid;  a  hired  soldier.  Belligerent, 
Chief-Underling.  Extravagance-Avarice,  Pricb* 
Discount,  Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

mer'-chan-dise.     Wares.     Merchandise. 


MERCHANDISE. 


660 


MESSENGER. 


MERCHANDISE. 

Article.  A  definite  one  of  various  things,  as  an  article  of  merchan- 
dise. 

Cargo,  etc.  The  goods  or  merchandise  conveyed  in  a  vessel,  etc. 
See  Contents. 

Commodity.      An  object  of  commerce ;  something  bought  and  sold. 

Effects.     Movable  goods. 

Goods.     Commodities;  wares. 

Merchandise.       Objects  of  commerce;  things  bought   and   sold   in 

trade. 
^Produce.      The  outcome  of  labor,  especially  farm  labor; hence,  agri- 
t     cultural  products. 

Staple  commodity.  The  chief  commodity  or  the  one  produced  or 
manufactured  in  large  quantities. 

Stock.     The  goods  and  merchandise  employed  in  trade  or  commerce. 

Stock  in  trade,  etc.  The  merchandise  kept  for  sale  by  a  shopkeeper, 
etc.     See  Store. 

Ware.     Articles  of  commerce  or  merchandise. 

mer'-chant.    A  dealer.     Buying-Sale,  Dealer. 

mer'-chant-man.  A  trading  vessel.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

mer'-ci-ful.  Full  of  mercy.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, COMPASSION-RUTHLESSNESS. 

mer'-ci-less.    Without  mercy.    Compassion-Ruthless- 

NESS. 

mer-cu'-ri-al.  Active;  fickle.  Excitability-Inex- 
citability,  Movement-Rest,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

Mercurius,  ex  quovis  ligno  non  ■jit  [L.]  (mer-kiu'-ri-us, 
ex  quo'-vis  lig'-no  non  fit) .  A  Mercury  is  not  to  be 
made  out  of  any  chance  piece  of  wood.  Opportune- 
ness-Unsuitableness. 

Mer'-cu-ry.  The  messenger  of  the  gods;  a  metallic  ele- 
ment. Chemistry,  Messenger,  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness, Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

mer'-cy.  Compassion;  levity.  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence, Compassion -Ruthlessness,  Harsh- 
ness-Mildness; cry  you  mercy,  Petition-Expostu- 
lation; for  mercy's  sake,  Petition-Expostulation; 
have  no  mercy,  Charitableness -Malevolence, 
Compassion-Ruthlessness;  mercy  on  us!  Aston- 
ishment-Expectance; mercy  seat,  Tribunal. 

mere.  Alake;  simple.  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Lake-Plain,  Magnitude-Smallness;  buy  for  a  mere 
nothing,  Costliness-Cheapness;  mere  nothing,  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Magnitude-Smallness; 
mere  pretext,  Pretext;  mere  words,  Simplicity- 
Floridness;  mere  wreck,  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion. 

mer'-els.    A  game.    Entertainment-Weariness. 

mere'-ly.     Only.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

mer"-e-tri'-cious.  False;  wanton.  Purity-Impurity, 
Taste- Vulgarity,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

mer'-folk.     Denizens  of  the  sea.    Jove-Fiend. 

merge.  Combine;  insert.  Admission-Exclusion,  Com- 
position-Resolution, Injection-Ejection,  Water- 
Air;  merge  in,  Cohesion-Looseness;  merge  into, 
Conversion-Reversion. 

merged.  Swallowed  up.  Environment-Interposi- 
tion. 

me-rid'-i-an.  Noonday;  the  highest  point.  Exten- 
sion-District, Light-Darkness,  Morning -Eve- 
ning, Top-Bottom;  meridian  of  life,  Manhood. 

me-rid'-i-o-nal.     Highest.     Top-Bottom. 

mer'-it.  Worth.  Dueness-Undueness,  Goodness- 
Badness,  Virtue-Vice;  make  a  merit  of,  Bragging; 
merit  notice,  Consequence-Insignificance. 

mer'-it-ed.     Deserve.     Dueness-Undueness. 

mer'-it-ing.     Deserving.     Dueness-Undueness. 

merito,  e  [L.]  (mer'-it-o,  i).  According  to  merit. 
Virtue-Vice. 

mer"-i-to'-ri-ous.  Praiseworthy.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Virtue-Vice. 

mer'-maid.  A  marine  creature.  Conventionale  Y- 
Unconventionality,  Jove-Fiend. 


mer'-man.  A  fabled  marine  creature,  half  man,  half 
fish.     Jove-Fiend. 

mero  tnotu,  ex  [L.]  (mi'-ro  mo'-tiu,  ex).  Of  his  own 
accord.    Volition-Obligation. 

mer'-ri-ment.  The  state  of  being  merry.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness,    Lightheartedn  ess-Dejection. 

mer'-ry.  Cheerful;  drunk.  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection,  Teetotalism-Intemperance;  make  merry, 
Entertainment-Weariness;  make  merry  with,  So- 
ciety-Derision, Wittiness-Dulness;  merry  and 
wise,  Wittiness-Dulness;  wish  a  merry  Christmas, 
Felicitation. 

mer'-ry-an"-drew.     A  clown.     Wag. 

mer'-ry-go-round.  An  amusement.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

mer'-ry-mak"-ing.  A  frolic.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Jubilation-Lamentation,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection,  Sociability-Privacy. 

mer'-ry-thought".  The  wish-bone.  Wittiness-Dul- 
ness. 

mer'-sion.    An  immersion.     Water-Air. 

meruit  ferat,  palmam  qui  [L.]  (mer-yu'-it  fi'-rat,  pal'- 
mam  quai) .  Let  him  bear  the  palm  who  has  won  it. 
Reputation-Discredit. 

mcrveille,  a  [F.]  (mer-v§!y',  a).  Marvelously.  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 

mes"-al-li"-ance'.  A  marriage  with  an  inferior.  Har- 
mony-Discord, Matrimony-Celibacy. 

me-seems'.    It  seems  to  me.    Faith-Misgiving. 

mesh.     A  network.     Crossing,  Interspace-Contact. 

mesh'-es.  Trap;  difficulty.  Difficulty-Facility, 
Truthfulness-Fraud;  meshes  of  sophistry,  Rati- 
ocination-Casuistry. 

mes'-i-al.    Median.    Anatomy,  Middle. 

Mes'-mer.  The  propounder  of  the  doctrine  of  mes- 
merism.    Devotion-Magician. 

mes'-mer-ism.  The  art  of  exercising  hypnotic  in- 
fluence.    Devotion-Magic. 

mes'-mer-ist.  One  who  mesmerizes.  Devotion- 
Magician. 

mes'-mer-ize.     Hypnotize.     Devotion-Magician. 

mesne  lord.     An  intermediate  lord.     Holder. 

Mes"-o-zo'-ic.  Pertaining  to  a  geological  period. 
Mesozoic  period,  Geology. 

mess.  A  mixture;  portion;  meal;  disorder.  Assign- 
ment, Difficulty-Facility,  Mixture-Homogene- 
ity, Nutriment-Excretion,  Regularity-Irregu- 
larity, Success-Failure;  make  a  mess,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness,  Success-Failure. 

mes'-sage.  A  communication.  Order,  Tidings- 
Mystery. 

Mes"-sa-li'-na.  Unchaste  wife  of  the  Emperor 
Claudius.     Purity-Rake. 

mes'-sen-ger.  A  "forerunner;  cloud.  Chief-Under- 
ling, Consignee,  Messenger,  Viscidity-Foam; 
messenger  balloon,  Trial. 

MESSENGER 

Ambassador,  etc.  A  person  of  the  highest  diplomatic  rank  sent  to 
represent  a  sovereign  or  country  at  a  foreign  court,  etc.      See  Con- 

SIGNBB. 

Apparitor.     An  attending  messenger  of  an  ecclesiastical  court. 
Bellman.      A  person  who  rings  a  bell  and  makes  announcements  in 

the  streets. 
Commissionnaire  [F.].     A  messenger  or  attendant,  in  some  European 

cities,  who  performs  miscellaneous  services  for  travelers. 
Courier.     A  special  messenger  carrying  despatches  from  a  distance. 
Crier.     One  who  gives  public  notice  by  vocal  proclamation. 
Emissary.     One  sent  on  a  mission  as  a  secret  agent. 
Envoy.      A  person  entrusted  with  a  special  mission;    a  diplomatic 

agent  below  an  ambassador  in  rank. 
Errand-boy.     A  boy  whose  business  it  is  to  do  errands. 
Estafet.     One  of  a  relay  of  couriers ;  a  military  courier. 
Flag-bearer.     The  one  who  carries  the  flag  or  colors. 
Gentleman  of  the  press.     A  person  connected  with  a  newspaper. 
Herald.     Any  bearer  of  news. 


MESSENGER. 


661 


METTRE. 


Informer,  etc.  One  who  imparts  news  or  informs  against  others,  etc. 
See  Enlichtenmbnt. 

Internuncio.  A  papal  minister  to  a  foreign  court,  ranking  next  below 
a  nuncio. 

Legate.     An  envoy  or  ambassador,  especially  of  the  pope. 

Marshal.  An  officer  charged  with  the  conduct  of  ceremonies,  preser- 
vation of  order,  points  of  etiquette,  etc. 

Messenger,     One  who  carries  a  message. 

Newsboy.     A  boy  who  distributes  or  sells  newspapers. 

Nuncio.     A  permanent  papal  representative  at  a  foreign  court. 

Own  correspondent.  One  who  is  a  special  messenger  or  correspond- 
ent of  a  publication  which  calls  him  its  own. 

Parlementaire  [F.].     A  bearer  of  a  flag  of  truce. 

Penny-a-liner.  One  who  furnishes  news  for  a  public  journal  at  so 
much  a  line. 

Post.     A  messenger  carrying  letters  i  egularly  from  place  to  place . 

Pursuivant.     A  messenger  of  state. 

Reporter.  One  who  bears  news  or  gathers  and  reports  news  for  the 
newspapers. 

Representative  of  the  press.      One  who  gathers  news  for  a  newspaper. 

Runner.    A  messenger. 

Scout.  A  person  sent  out  to  gain  information  concerning  the  strength 
or  movements  of  an  enemy. 

Special  correspondent.  A  representative  of  the  press  who  is  assigned 
a  certain  line  of  news  or  special  cases  to  report. 

Spy.  One  sent  secretly  or  in  disguise  within  an  enemy's  lines  to 
gain  information  and  report  it  to  the  proper  officer. 

Trumpeter.     One  who  proclaims  or  publishes  abroad. 

Messenger — Denotations. 

Ariel.  A  spirit  of  the  air  or  water.  [Shakespeare  Tempest.] 
Iris.  The  goddess  of  the  rainbow  and  messenger  of  the  gods. 
Mercury.     The  messenger  of  the  gods. 

Messenger — Nouns  of  A  ient. 

Cable.     A  submarine  conductor  used  for  cot  veying  messages. 

Carrier-pigeon.  A  variety  of  pigeon  used  Co  carry  letters  from  a  dis- 
tance to  its  home. 

Dawk.     The  East-Indian  inland  mail. 

Letter-bag.     A  bag  in  which  letters  are  carried. 

Mail.  The  whole  governmental  system  by  which  letters,  parcels,  etc., 
are  conveyed  and  delivered. 

Post-office.  An  office  for  the  reception,  transmission,  and  delivery  of 
the  mails. 

Telegraph.     An  apparatus  for  communicating  at  a  distance. 

Wire.     An  electric  telegraph. 

Mes-si'-ah.     The  Saviour.     Divinity. 

messieurs  les  gardes  jrangaises,  tirez  [F.]  (me-siu'  le  gard 
fran'-sez',  ti-re').  Gentlemen  of  the  French  guard, 
fire.     Order. 

mess'-mate".      Associate  at  mess.     Friend-Foe. 

mes'-suage.  A  large  dwelling-house.  Dweller-Habi- 
tation. 

met-ab'-o-lism.  Processes  of  cell-creation  and  destruc- 
tion.    Biology. 

met"-a-cen'-ter.     A  center.     Center. 

met-ach'-ro-nism.  A  chronological  error.  Chronol- 
ogy-Anachronism. 

me'-tage.     Measurement.     Mensuration. 

met"-a-gen'-e-sis.  Alternation  of  generations.  Muta- 
bility-Stability. 

met"-a-gram'-ma-tism.  The  act  of  making  anagrams. 
Letter. 

met'-al.     An  element.     Chemistry,  Materials. 

met"-a-lep'-sis .    A  rhetorical  figure.    Trope. 

met"-al-log'-ra-phy.  The  science  which  treats  of  metal- 
lic substances.      Organization-Inorganization. 

met'-al-lur"-gy.  Science  of  metals.  Organization- 
Inorganization. 

met"-a-mor'-phism.  Changes  in  rocks  due  to  recrystal- 
lization.     Geology. 

met"-a-mor'-phose.  Transmute.  Mutation-Perma- 
nence. 

met"-a-mor'-pho-sis.  A  changing  of  form.  Biology, 
Mutability-Stability. 

mef-a-phor.    A  figure  of  speech.    Rhetoric,  Trope. 

met"-a-phor'-ic-al.  Figurative.  Comparison,  Trope; 
metaphorical  expression,  Rhetoric. 


met'-a-phrase.  A  verbal  translation.  Interpreta- 
tion-Misinterpretation. 

met'-a-phrast.    A  literal  translator.     Interpreter. 

met"-a-phys'-ic-al.  Transcendental.  Mind-Imbecility. 

met"-a-phy-si'-cian.  One  skilled  in  metaphysics.  Mind- 
Imbecility. 

met"-a-phys'-ics.  Scientific  knowledge  of  mental  phe- 
nomena.    Mind-Imbecility. 

met-as'-ta-sis.  Change  of  one  thing  into  another. 
Mutation-Permanence,  Reversal,  Transfer. 

met-ath'-e-sis.  A  transposition  of  letters  or  syllables, 
Conversion-Reversion,  Transfer. 

mete.  To  distribute ;  to  measure.  Assignment,  Men- 
suration; mete  out,  Giving-Receiving. 

met-emp"-sy-cho'-sis.  Transmigration  of  souls.  Muta- 
tion-Permanence. 

me'-te-or.  A  bright  heavenly  body.  Luminary- 
Shade,  Universe. 

me"-te-or'-ic.  Pertaining  to  meteors.  Light-Dark- 
ness, Turbulence-Calmness. 

me"-te-or"-o-log'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  meteorology. 
Water-Air. 

me"-te-or-ol'-o-gy.     Science  of  meteors.     Water-Air. 

me'-ter.  A  measure;  rhythmic  arrangement  of  words. 
Measure,  Mensuration,  Meter,  Rhetoric. 

me-theg'-lin.  A  fermented  drink.  Sweetness- 
Acidity. 

me-thinks'.    It  seems  to  me.    Faith-Misgiving. 

nieth'-od.  Order;  way.  Conduct,  Regularity-Ir- 
regularity, Way;  want  of  method,  Regularity- 
Irregularity. 

meth-od'-ic-al.  According  to  method.  Organization- 
Disorganization,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

Meth'-od-ism.  The  doctrines  of  the  Methodists.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

Meth'-od-ist.  One  of  a  sect.  Orthodoxy-Heter- 
odoxy. 

meth'-od-ize.  To  arrange.  Organization-Disorgan- 
ization. 

Me-thu'-se-lah.  A  Bible  character.  Infant-Veteran; 
old  as  Methuselah,  Infancy-Age,  Novelty-An- 
tiquity; since  the  days  of  Methuselah,  Novelty- 
Antiquity. 

me'"-tis.  One  of  mixed  blood.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality. 

met-on'-y-my.  A  figure  of  speech.  Commutation 
Permutation,  Rhetoric,  Trope. 

met'-o-pe.     Face.     Architecture. 

met"-c-pos'-co-py.  The  study  of  physiognomy  An- 
teriority-Posteriority, Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 

me'-tre.  Rhythmic  arrangement  of  words.  Meter, 
Poetry-Prose. 

met'-ric.  Pertaining  to  meter.  Metric  system,  Measure. 

met'-ri-cal.  Rhythmical;  metric.  Mensuration, 
Poetry-Prose. 

met-rol'-o-gy.  Science  of  weights  and  measures.  Men- 
suration. 

tnetron,  ariston  [Gr.]  (met'-ron,  ar'-ist-on).  The  goldet 
mean.  Midcourse-Circuit,  Turbulence-Calmness 

me-trop'-o-lis.  A  chief  city.  City-Country,  Dweller 
Habitation.  I 

met"-ro-pol'-i-tan.  An  archbishop.  Dweller-Haei 
tation,  Ministry-Laity. 

met'-tle.  Ardor;  courage.  Affections,  Bravery 
Cowardice;  man  of  mettle,  Bravery-Cowardice 
on  one's  mettle,  Determination-Vacillation;  put 
on  one's  mettle,  Bravery-Cowardice,  Excitation. 

met'-tle-some.  Brave;  ardent;  sensitive.  Bravery- 
Cowardice,  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Sensi- 
tiveness-Apathy. 

mettre  de  I'eau  dans  son  vin  [F.]  (metr  de  lo  dan*  son' 
van).  To  put  water  into  wine.  Strength-Weak 
ness. 


MEUM. 


662 


MIDDLE. 


„teum  et  tuum  [L.]  (mi'-um  et  tiu'-um).  Mine  and 
thine.  Property;  disregard  distinction  between 
tneum  et  tuum,  Theft. 

mew.  To  cry;  to  shed.  Cry-Ululation,  Dress- 
Undress,  Jubilation-Lamentation;  mew  up,  Re- 
lease-Restraint. 

mewed  up.     Shut  up.     Confinement. 

mewl.     To  cry  like  an  infant.     Cry-Ululation.       • 

mews.     A  city  stable.     Dweller-Habitation. 

Mez"-zo-fan'-ti.     Italian  linguist.     Scholar-Dunce. 

mezzo-rilievo  [It.]  (med"-zo-ri-lye'-vo) .  Sculpture  in 
half- relief.    Convexity-Concavity,  Sculpture. 

mezzo  iermine  [It.]  (med'-zo  ter'-min-e).  The  middle 
term.  Composition,  Midcourse-Circuit,  Mid- 
dle. 

mez'-zo-tint.    A  method  of  engraving.    Engraving. 

mi'-asm.     Malarial  poison.     Remedy-Bane. 

mi-ca'-ceous.     Consisting  of  mica.     Lamina-Fiber. 

Mich'-ael-mas.     Feast  of  St.  Michael.     Ceremonial. 

mick'-le.  Large;  many.  Greatness-Littleness, 
Magnitude-Smallness. 


Mi-co'-mi-con.    An  imaginary  kingdom.     Fancy. 

mi'-cro-cosm.    A  little  world.    Greatness-Littleness. 

mi-crog'-ra-phy.  The  description  of  microscopic  ob- 
jects.    Greatness-Littleness. 

mi-crom'-e-ter.  An  instrument  for  measuring  small 
dimensions.      Astronomy,    Greatness-Littleness. 

mi'-cro-phone.  An  instrument  for  intensifying  feeble 
sounds.     Hearing-Deafness. 

mi'-cro-scope.  An  instrument  for  enlarging  small 
objects.  Greatness-Littleness,  Optical  Instru- 
ments. 

mi"-cro-scop'-ic.  Very  minute.  Greatness-Little- 
ness. 

mi'-cro-sco"-pist.  One  expert  in  the  use  of  the  micro- 
scope.    Optical  Instruments. 

mi'-cro-sco"-py.  Microscopic  investigation.  Optical 
Instruments. 

mid.    Middle.    Environment-Interposition,  Middle. 

Mi'-das.     A  fabled  rich  man.    Affluence-Penury. 

mld'-course".  Middle  way.  Midcourse-Circuit, 
Middle. 


MIDCOURSE— CIRCUIT. 


Ariston  metron  [Gr.].     The  middle  course  is  best;  the  golden  mean. 

Aurea  mediocritas  [L.].     The  golden  mean. 

Compromise.  A  settlement  by  arbitration,  each  side  conceding 
something. 

Cross-cut.     A  short  cut. 

Golden  mean.     Midway  between  the  two  extremes;  moderation. 

Great-circle  sailing.     Sailing  by  the  arc  of  a  great  circle. 

Half-and-half  measures.     Inadequate  or  imperfect  measures. 

Half  measures.     Weak  course  of  action. 

Juste  milieu  [F.].     The  golden  mean. 

Mean,  etc.     Midway  between  the  two  extremes,  etc.    See  Medium. 

Mezzo  termine  [It.].     The  middle  part. 

Mid-course.     The  middle  course. 

Middle,  etc.  The  part  equidistant  from  the  extremes,  etc.  See  Mid- 
dle. 

Middle  course.  The  intermediate  course,  avoiding  the  extremes; 
hence,  the  course  of  wisdom  or  mediocrity. 

Neutrality.  The  state  of  being  neutral  or  on  neither  side  in  relation  to 
any  contest. 

Short  cut.     An  easy  way,  avoiding  the  difficulties. 

Straight  course,  etc.     A  course  free  from  hindrances,  etc.      See  Aim. 

Straight  path.     The  unhindered  path. 

Midcourse — Verbs.    . 

Compromise.     To  settle  by  mutual  concessions. 

Go  half-way.     To  concede  half  the  point  at  issue. 

Go  straight,  etc.     Not  to  deviate  from  the  direct  course,  etc.      See 

Aim. 
Keep  in  a  middle  course. 
Keep  in  an  even  course. 
Make  a  compromise.     See  Nouns. 

'  Midcourse — Adjectives. 
Straight,  etc.    Having  the  same  direction  throughout,  etc.    See  Aim. 

Midcourse — Phrase 
Medium  tenuere  beati  [L.].     The  happy  hold  the  m^dle  course 

mid'-day".     Noon.     Morning-Evening. 
mid'-den.     A  dunghill.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 
mid'-dle.      Medium;   mean.      Center,    Medium,    Mid- 
*    course-Circuit,    Middle;     middle    classes,    Medi- 
i     ocrity;      middle     constriction,    Breadth-Narrow- 
'      ness;    middle  course,  Midcourse-Circuit;  middle- 
man, Consignee,  Manager;   middle  term,  Composi- 
tion, Middle. 

MIDDLE. 

Bisection.     Separation  or  cutting  into  two  parts,  especially  equal 

parts 
Center,  etc.     A  point  equally  distant  from  the  extremities  or   sides; 

in  a  circle,  a  point  within  equally  distant  from  every  point  in  the 

circumference.     See  Center. 
Equidistance.      Equal  distance. 
Half-distance.     Midway. 
Interjacence,  etc.     The  state  of  lying  between.     See  Interposition. 


Ambages.     A  circuit  or  winding. 

Circuit.     The  distance  around  or  circumference  of  any  space. 

Circumbendibus.     A  roundabout  way. 

DStour  [P.J.     A  circuitous  route. 

Digression.      A  turning  aside  from  the  main  subject  of  discourse  or 

from  the  right  path. 
Loop.     A  fold  or  doubling  of  a  thread,  rope,  or  the  like  through 

which  another  one  may  be  passed,  also  a  curve  in  the  form  of  a  loop. 
Roundabout  way. 

Winding,  etc      A  turning  or  a  curve.    See  Circuition. 
Zigzag,  etc.      Something  having  a  series  of  short  turns  or  angles,  etc 

See  Aim-Aberration. 

Circuit — Verbs. 

Beat  about.     To  search  in  various  ways. 

Beat  about  the  bush. 

Go  out  of  one's  way. 

Go  roundabout. 

Lead  a  pretty  dance.     To  make  a  nice  circle  in  dancing. 

Make  a  ditour.     To  take  a  circuitous  journey. 

Make  two  bites  of  a  cherry.      To  do  a  thing  in  a  roundabout  way  or 

make  too  much  fuss  about  it. 
Meander,  etc.     To  proceed  in  a  winding  course,  etc.      See  Aim-Aber- 

ration. 
Perform  a  circuit.     See  Nouns. 

Circuit — Adjectives. 

Circuitous.     Running  round  in  a  circuit. 
Indirect.     Deviating  from  a  straight  line  or  course. 
Roundabout.     Circuitous. 
Zigzag,  etc.     Having  short,  sharp  turns  or  angles. 

Circuit — Adverbs,  etc. 

By  an  indirect  course. 

By  a  side  wind.     In  an  unexpected  way. 

From  pillar  to  post.     From  one  predicament  to  another. 

In  a  roundabout  way. 

Juste  milieu,  etc.     The  golden  medium.     See  Midcourse. 

Mean,  etc.     Middle  place  or  point,  etc.     See  Medium 

Mediety.     The  middle  part  or  state. 

Medium.     That  which  lies  half-way  between. 

Mezzo  termine  [It  ].     The  middle  point  or  term. 

Mid-course,  etc.     The  middle  course  or  way.     See  Midcourse. 

Middle.     The  part  or  point  equally  distant  from  the  extremities. 

Middle  term.  In  logic  the  term  of  the  syllogism  with  which  the  other 
two  terms  are  separately  compared  and  by  means  of  which  they 
are  brought  together  in  the  conclusion. 

Midst.  The  central  place  or  part;  the  part  surrounded  by  other 
parts  or  objects. 

Nucleolus.     Diminutive  of  nucleus. 

Nucleus.  The  center  about  which  matter  is  gathered  or  aggregated 
M  i  dd  l  e — Denotations. 

Diaphragm.  The  muscular  partition  separating  the  cavity  of  the 
chest  from  that  of  the  abdomen. 

Equator.  The  imaginary  great  circle  on  the  earth's  surface,  every- 
where equally  distant  from  the  two  poles. 


MIDDLE. 


663 


MIGHT— IMPOTENCE. 


Half  way  house.     A  place  equally  distant  from  the  ends  of  a  route. 

Midriff.      The  diaphragm. 

Nave.     The  middle  or  body  of  a  church. 

Navel.     A  mark  or  depression  in  the  middle  of  the  abdomen. 

Omphalos.     The  navel. 

Middle — Adjectives, 

Central,  etc.     In  or  near  the  center.     See  Center. 

Equatorial.     Relating  to  the  equator. 

Equidistant.     Half-way  between. 

Intermediate,  etc.     Coming  between  or  being  in  the  middle  place. 

See  Environment-Interposition. 
Mean.     Filling  a  middle  place. 
Medial.     Relating  to  the  middle  or  mean. 

Mediate.     Between  the  two  extremes;  acting  as  an  intervening  agent. 
Mediterranean.     Closed  in  or  nearly  closed  in  by  land. 
Mesial.     Middle;  dividing  into  two  equal  parts. 
Mid.     Occupying  the  middle  part. 
Middle.     Equidistant  from  the  extremes. 
Middlemost.     Nearest  to  the  middle. 
Midmost.     Middlemost  or  middle. 

Middle — Adverbs. 

Half-way.     At  the  middle  point. 

In  medias  res  [L.].     In  the  midst  of  affairs. 

In  the  middle. 

Midships.     In  the  middle  of  the  ship. 

Midway .     Hal  f- way . 

mid'-dle-aged".  Between  youth  and  old  age.  Man- 
hood. 

mid'-dle-man.     Agent.     Manager. 

mid'-dle-most".     Nearest  to  the  middle.     Center. 

mid'-dling.  Of  middle  rank  or  quality.  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

mid'-dy.    A  midshipman.    Wayfarer-Seafarer. 


Mid'-gard".    The  earth,  the  abode  of  men.    Universe. 

midge.     A  gnat;  a  dwarf.     Greatness-Littleness. 

mid'-land.     The  interior  of  a  country.     Ocean-Land. 

mid'-most.     Nearest  to  the  middle.     Middle. 

mid'-night".  Middle  of  the  night;  dark.  Light-Dark- 
ness, Morning-Evening;  midnight  oil,  Education- 
Learning;   midnight  sun,  Astronomy. 

mid'-prog"-ress.  Moderate  progress.' Advance-Retro- 
gression. 

mid'-riff.  The  diaphragm.  Environment-Interposi- 
tion, Middle. 

mid'-ship"-man.  A  naval  cadet.  Wayfarer-Sea- 
farer. 

mid'-ships".     The  midship  timbers.     Middle. 

midst.  Middle;  in  the  middle.  Center, Environment- 
Interposition,  Middle;  in  the  midst  of,  Action- 
Passiveness,  Mixture-Homogeneity. 

mid'-sum"-mer.  Middle  of  the  summer.  Morning- 
Evening. 

mid '-way" .     H  alf-way .     M  i  ddle  . 

mid'-wife".  A  woman  who  assists  at  childbirth.  An- 
tagonist-Assistant, Instrumentality,  Remedy- 
Bane. 

mid'-wife"-ry.  Assistance  at  childbirth;  obstetrics. 
Creation-Destruction,  Remedy-Bane. 

mien.  The  external  appearance.  Appearance-Disap- 
pearance. 

mientras  que  el  sol  luziere,  recoge  Hi  hcno  [Sp.]  (mi-en'- 
tras  k£  el  sftl  lu-thi-6'-re,  re-co-he'  tu  £'-no).  Make 
hay  while  the  sun  shines.  Opportuneness-Un- 
suitableness. 

miff.     Feeling  of  slight  vexation.    Favorite-Anger. 

might.  Ability  to  do;  strength.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness, Might-Impotence,  Toil-Relaxation,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness. 


MIGHT— IMPOTENCE. 


Ability.     Physical  or  mental  power;  power  to  do 

Ableness.     The  state  of  having  competent  powers;    capacity.     See 

Adjectives . 
Almightiness.     All  powerfulness. 
Ascendency.     Governing  power. 
Attribute.      A  quality  or  endowment  of  a  person. 
Authority.      Rightful  power,  especially  power  arising  from  whatever 

commands  influence  or  respect.     See  Rule. 
Capability.     Power  to  perform. 
Capacity.     Power  to  receive. 
Cogency.     Power  of  convincing. 
Competency.     The  state  of  having  sufficient  ability. 
Control.     Regulating  or  restraining  power. 
Dint.     Force ;  used  in  phrase,  "  by  dint  of." 
Efficacy.     Power  to  produce  intended  effects. 
Efficiency.     Power  to  do  works. 
Enablement.     The  state  of  being  able. 
Endowment.     Any  gift;   any  natural  capacity. 
Energy.     Power  to  do  work.     See  Vigor. 
Faculty.     Any  power  of  the  mind. 
Force.     Power   in    an    individual;     power   considered   as   exerting 

restraint  or  coercion. 
Gift.     A  natural  force;   talent. 

Influence.     Power  of  impelling  or  directing.     See  Dominance. 
Might.     Power  in  general;   strength. 
Omnipotence.     All  power. 
Potency.     Innate  force;  influence. 

Potentiality.     Inherent  capability  for  doing  or  achieving. 
Power.     Ability  to  do  something;   ability  exerted;   strength. 
Prepollence.     Superior  power. 
Prepoten;y.     Quality  of  being  very  powerful. 
Property.      Legal  right  to  possess,  enjoy  and  dispose  of. . 
Puissance.      Power  to  do;    achieve. 

Qualification.     Any  trait,  natural  or  acquired,  that  is  a  power. 
Quality .     Accomplishment;    capacity. 

Strength.     Muscular  force;   power  in  general.     See  Strength. 
Susceptibility.      Capability  of  being  affected. 
Swa7.      Power  employed  in  governing. 
VaJiiate.     Make  sound  and  powerful. 
Validity.     State  of  being  sound  and  powerful. 
Virtue.      Moral  excellence  or  worth;   an  innate  power;  a  merit. 


Collapse.     A  loss  of  power;   the  prostration  resulting  therefrom. 

Disability.     Lack  of  ability;  incapacity. 

Disablement.     Deprivation  of  power  to  act. 

Disqualification.     Want  of  qualification;  incompetency. 

Emasculation.     Deprivation  of  virile  strength. 

Exhaustion.     State  of  being  exhausted,  or  deprived  of  energy. 

Failure.     The  act  of  failing;  proof  of  inadequacy.     See  Rule 

Helplessness.     Inability  to  help  oneself.     See  sub  Adjectives. 

Imbecility.     Mental  impotence. 

Impotence.     Want  of  power  or  energy;   weakness. 

Impuissance.     Want  of  power. 

Inability.     Want  of  adequate  powers  or  capacity. 

Inaptitude.     Want  of  that  disposition   or  capacity  to   adapt   itself 

readily  to  a  condition. 
Incapability.     Natural  or  legal  inability. 
Incapacity.     Want  of  power  to  receive. 
Incompetence.     Want  of  adequate  power  to  accomplish. 
Indocility.     Dulness  of  intellect;  slowness  to  learn. 
Inefficacy.     Want  of  power  to  produce  an  intended  effect.     See  Use- 

fulness-Uselessness. 
Inefficiency.     No  efficiency;  habitual  want  of  energy. 
Ineptitude.     Want  of  suitableness;  want  of  tact. 
Invalidity.     Want  of  force  or  power,  as  a  legal  document. 
Palsy.     Loss  of  power  of  control;  impairment  of  sensation. 
Paralysis.     Loss  of  power  of  moving  the  muscles. 
Prostration.     Reduction  to  extreme  weakness. 

Impotence — Denotations. 

Apoplexy.     Loss  of  power  of  motion  due  to  pressure  on  the  brain 

Bit  of  waste  paper.     A  paper  without  force  or  authority. 

Blank  cartridge.     A  cartridge  containing  no  ball. 

Brutum  fulmen  [L.].     A  harmless  thunderbolt. 

Cripple.     One  who  has  lost  or  never  had  the  use  of  a  limb  or  limbs. 

Dead  letter.     That  which  has  lost  its  force  or  authority. 

Dummy.  An  imitation  or  copy  of  something  to  be  used  as  a  sub- 
stitute. 

Flash  in  the  pan.  The  flashing  of  the  priming  in  the  pan  of  a  flint 
lock  musket  without  discharging  the  piece. 

Molly-coddle.     An  effeminate  man. 

Muff.     A  stupid  fellow. 

Old  woman.     A  name  for  a  clumsy,  awkward  person. 


MIGHT. 


664 


MIGHT— IMPOTENCE. 


MIGHT—  IMPOTENCE— Continued. 


M  ight — Denotations . 


Attraction.     The  power  in  nature  acting  mutually  between  bodies, 

tending  to  draw  them  together. 
Dynamic    energy.     The    action    of   forces    producing    or   changing 

motion  in  bodies. 
Elasticity.     The  property  in   bodies  by   which  they  recover  their 

former  figure  or  dimensions,  after  the  removal  of  external  pressure. 
Electricity.  A  manifestation  of  energy  in  nature  in  light,  heat,  etc. 
Electro-magnetism.     The    magnetism   developed   by   a   current   of 

electricity. 
Friction.     The  resistance  a  body  meets  with  from  the  surface  on 

which  it  moves. 
Galvanism.     Electricity  excited  by  the  mutual  action  of  certain 

liquids  and  metals. 
Gravity.     The  tendency  of  a  mass  of  matter  toward  the  center  of 

attraction. 
Magnetism.     The  manifestation  of  the  force  in  nature  which  is  seen 

in  a  magnet. 
Potential  energy.     Energy  due  to  configuration. 
Pressure.     A  constraining  force  or  impulse  of  any  kind. 

Suction.     The  power  of  drawing,  as  liquids  by  exhausting  the  air. 

Vantage  ground.     A  position  which  gives  one  an  advantage. 

Vis  inertia  [L.].     The  power  of  resistance. 

Vis  ntortua  [L.].     Dead  power. 

Vis  viva  [L]      Living  power. 

Voltaic  electricity.     Electricity  as  a  current  produced  by  chemical 

decomposition. 
Voltaism.     That  form  of  electricity  developed  by  the  chemical  action 

between  metals  and  different  liquids. 

Might — Verbs. 

Arm.     To  give  arms  to  oneself;  to  furnish  as  with  arms. 

Be  in  one*s  power ;   belong  to;  be  powerful.     See  Adjectives. 

Can.     To  be  able. 

Compel.     To  exert  force  so  as  to  subdue  resistance.     See  Coercion. 

Confer  power. 

Empower.     To  give  power  to. 

Enable.     To  confer  adequate  power  upon 

Endow.     To  give  something  to. 

Endue.     To  invest  as  with  some  gift,  etc. 

Exercise  power.     See  sub  Nouns. 

Gain  power.     See  Nouns. 

Give  power.     Empower:  enable 

Indue.     To  give  power  to. 

Invest.     To  put  on;   to  assume. 

Lie  in  one's  power. 

Pertain.     To  belong  to. 

Strengthen.     See  Strength. 

Might — Adjectives. 

Able.  Having  competent  power,  skill,  or  knowledge  to  do  or  accom- 
plish;  having  intellectual  powers. 

Adequate.     Having  sufficient  power,  suitable  to  the  difficulty. 

Almighty.     All  powerful. 

Capable.     Able  to  comprehend;  having  mental  ability. 

Cogent.     Convincing  in  argument  or  logic 

Competent.     Having  requisite  qr.alifi cations  to  perform. 

Effective.      Having  power  to  produce  a  given  effect. 

Effectual.      Producing  an  effect. 

Efficacious.     Producing  an  intended  effect. 

Efficient.     Producing  results;  able,  competent. 

Equal  to.     Equivalent  to. 

Forcible.     Possessing  force;  energetic.     See  Vigor. 

Influential.      Having  or  exerting  an  influence.     See  Dominance. 

Multipotent.     Having  manifold  powers. 

Omnipotent.     All  powerful. 

Plenipotent.      Having  full  power. 

Potent.     Physically  or  morally  powerful. 

Potential.      Existing  in  possibility. 

Powerful.      Possessing  great  force,  energy,  or  power. 

Productive.  Having  the  power  of  producing  or  bringing  forth.  See 
Fertility. 

Puissant.      Having  power;  strong. 

Up  to.      Engaged  in;   about. 

Valid.      Based  on  facts;  sound  and  strong. 

Might — Adverbial  Phrases. 
By  dint  of;  by  virtue  of;  powerfully.     See  Adjectives. 


IMPOTENCE— Denotations— Continued. 

Sideration.     A  sudden,  unexpected  stroke. 

Softening  of  the  brain.     Loss  of  power  due  to  hemorrhage  or  inflam- 
mation. 
Syncope.     A  fainting. 

Tellum  imbelle  [L.|.     An  un warlike  weapon. 
Vox  et  prceterea  nihil  [L.|.     A  voice  and  nothing  else. 

Impotence — Verbs. 

Becripple.     To  make  a  cripple. 
Be  impotent.     See  Adjectives. 

Break  the  neck*/  Figurat^ve  expressions  for  to  render  powerless. 

Castrate.     To  weaken  by  destroying  or  removing  the  genital  cells 

Clip  the  wings  of.     To  impair;   diminish  the  strength  of. 

Collapse.     To  fall  together;  fail;  succumb. 

Cramp.  To  affect  with  cramps,  or  severe  pains  which  draw  up  the 
muscles. 

Cripple.     To  injure;  weaken. 

Deaden.     To  make  dead;  diminish  greatly  the  power  or  vigor  of. 

Deprive  of  power.     Weaken. 

Disable.     To  make  unable;  incapacitate 

Disarm.     To  take  away  arms;  deprive  of  power  to  injure. 

Disenable.     To  unfit. 

Disqualify.     Not  to  possess  the  requisite  qualities. 

Double  up.    Bring  head  and  feet  together,  as  by  blow  in  the  stomach- 

Draw  the  teeth  of.     To  disarm. 

Drop.     Let  fall. 

Emasculate.     To  deprive  of  virile  strength;  castrate. 

End  in  smoke.     See  Success-Failure. 

Enervate.     To  make  weak  and  helpless. 

Exhaust.     To  draw  off;  reduce  the  strength  of. 

Faint.     To  fall  into  a  swoon;  lose  vigor. 

Fall  into  a  swoon.     Become  insensible. 

Garrote.  To  strangle  by  the  garrote,  a  Spanish  instrument  of 
strangulation. 

Geld.     To  castrate. 

Go  by  the  board.     To  go  over  the  side  of  the  ship:  said  of  the  mast. 

Hamstring.     To  cripple  by  cutting  the  tendons. 

Incapacitate.     To  render  unable;  disqualify. 

Invalidate.     To  weaken  the  effect  of;  destroy  the  validity  of. 

Lame.     To  make  lame. 

Maim.     To  injure  the  limbs  so  as  to  incapacitate  from  use. 

Muzzle.     To  make  fast  the  mouth  to  prevent  talking  or  biting. 

Not  a  leg  to  stand  on.     To  break  the  legs. 

Paralyze.     To  affect  with  paralysis;   benumb. 

Prostrate.     To  bring  down  by  weakness;   deprive  of  strength. 

Put  a  spoke  in  one's  wheel.     To  foil  one  in  his  plans. 

Put  hors  de  combat.     To  disable. 

Put  out  of  gear.     To  deprive  of  good  or  fit  condition. 

Rattan.  To  deprive  of  tools  used  in  one's  employment  by  trade- 
union  men. 

Render  powerless.     See  Adjectives. 

Scotch  the  snake.     To  wound  slightly. 

Shatter.     To  break  into  pieces;  destroy  the  soundness  of. 

Silence.     To  make  keep  silence;  restrain  from  activity. 

Spike  the  guns.     To  render  the  guns  useless. 

Sprain.     To  weaken  by  stretching  the  corus. 

Strangle.     To  destroy  by  choking  off  the  wind. 

Swoon.     To  sink  into  a  fainting  fit. 

Take  the  wind  out  of  one's  sails.     To  make  ineffective. 

Throttle.     To  prevent  breathing  by  pressure. 

Tie  the  hands.     To  render  impotent. 

Unfit.     To  render  incompetent;   incapacitate. 

Unhinge.     To  take  off  the  hinges;  render  unsteady. 

Unman.     To  make  lose  manly  qualities. 

Unnerve.     To  deprive  of  nerves;   weaken. 

Vouloir  prendre  la  lune  avec  les  dents  [F.].  To  wish  to  seize  the 
moon  by  the  teeth. 

Vouloir  rompre  Vanguille  au  getiou  [F.J.  To  wish  to  break  an  eel  on 
the  knee. 

Weaken.     See  Strength-Weakness. 

Impotence — Adjectives. 

Armless.     Without  arms;   deprived  of  defense. 

Crippled.     Deprived  of  the  use  of  limbs,  having  the  power  of  impaired. 

Dead  beat.     Thoroughly  defeated  6t  overcome. 

Defenseless.     Without  defense. 

Demoralized.      Having  weakened  the  morals  of. 

Disabled.      Deprived  of  or  impaired  in  power 

Disjointed.     Unconnected. 

Disqualified.     Not  having  the  necessary  qualities 


MIGHT. 


665 


MILLIGRAM. 


MIGHT—  IMPOTENCE— Continued. 


Might — Phrases. 


A  toute  force  [Fj.     With  all  one's  might. 

Dos  mot  pou  sto,  kai  tan  gan  kinaso  [Gr.].      Give  me  where  I  may 

stand,  and  I  will  move  the  earth.    [Archimedes.] 
Eripuit  ctelo   fulmen,  sceptrumque    tyrannis    [L.].      He    [Franklinfl 

snatched    from    heaven    the    thunderbolt  and  the  scepter  from 

tyrants. 
Fortis  cadere,  cedere    nott   potest    [L.J.      The  brave  man  may  fall, 

yielc1  he  cannot. 
Qma  valeant  humeri  quid  ferre  recusent  [L.|.     [Consider]  what  your 

shoulders  have  strength  for,  what  they  refuse  to  bear. 


IMPOTENCE — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Pregnable.     Incapable  of  resisting  an  attack. 

Rudderless.     Having  no  guide  or  rudder. 

Shattered.     Broken  in  pieces;  destroyed  as  to  power. 

Sine  ictu  [L.Q.     Without  a  stroke  or  power. 

Sinewless.     Without  sinews;  nerveless;  weak." 

Unable.     Not  able. 

Unapt.     Inapt. 

Unarmed.     Harmless. 

Unendowed.     Not  gifted  by  nature. 

Unfit.     Not  fit  'by  nature. 

Unfitted.     Made  unfit. 

Unfortified.     Not  fortified;  weak  against  attacks. 

Unfriended.     Wanting  friends;  unsupported. 

Unhinged.     Off  of  hinge;  unsteady;  nervous. 

Unnerved.     Without  nerves;  without  vigor. 

Unqualified.     Not  having  the  requisite  qualities. 

Untenable.     Not  to  be  held  or  maintained. 

Vincible.     Able  to  be  conquered. 

Water-logged.     Soaked  with  water;  useless  and  unmanageable. 

Weaponless.     Without  weapons. 

Without  a  leg  to  stand  upon.     Unsupported;  powerless. 

Impotence — Phrase. 
Der  kranke  Mann  [G .].     The  sick  man. 

might'-y.  Momentous;  powerful.  Greatness-Little- 
ness, Magnitude-Smallness,  Selfrespect-Hum- 
bleness,  Strength-Weakness. 

mi'-grate.  To  go  from  one  country  to  another.  Trav- 
eling-Navigation. 

mi-gra'-tion.  Change  of  abode.  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion. 

mi'-gra-to-ry.     Wandering.      Traveling-Navigation. 

mi-ka'-do.  The  sovereign  of  Japan.  Chief-Under- 
ling. 

milch  cow.  A  cow  giving  milk.  Fauna-Flora,  Fer- 
tility-Sterility, Store. 

mild.  Moderate ;  calm ;  insipid ;  warm ;  courteous.  Ex- 
citability-Inexcitability,  Harshness-Mildness, 
Heat-Cold,  Politeness- Impoliteness,  Savor- 
Tastelessness,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

mil'-dew.  A  decayed  condition.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness,  Remedy-Bane. 

mil'-dewed.  Spoiled.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Cleanness-Filthiness. 

mild'-ness.    Moderation.    Harshness-Mildness. 

mile.  A  measure  of  distance.  Length-Shortness, 
Measure. 

mile'-post".    An  indicator  of  distance.    Sign. 

mile'-stone".  An  indicator  of  distance.  Sign;  whistle 
jigs  to  a  mile-stone,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

milieu,  juste  [F.]  (mi-liu',  zhust).  The  golden  mean. 
Midcourse-Circuit,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

mil'-i-tant.  Engaged  in  conflict.  Fighting-Concilia- 
tion. 

mil'-i-ta-ry.  Martial;  warlike.  Belligerent,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation; military  power,  Rule-License; 
military  time,  Earliness-Lateness;  military  train, 
Belligerent. 

militate  against.  To  have  influence  against.  Antago- 
nism-Concurrence, Cooperation-Opposition. 


IMPOTENCE — Adjectives — Continued. 

Done  up.     Exhausted. 

Emasculate.     Deprived  of  manly  virility. 

Exhausted.     Drawn  off;  weakened. 

Fatherless.     Without  a  father. 

Good  for  nothing.     Absolutely  worthless. 

Graveled.     Embarrassed.     See  Difficulty. 

Harmless.  ~| 

Helpless.  /-Disabled. 

Hors  de  combat  [FD-* 

Imbecile.     Having  weak  mental  faculties. 

Impotent.     Having  no  power  or  energy. 

Inadequate.     Not  having  sufficient  power,  ability,  etc.     See  Lack. 

Inapt.     Unsuitable. 

Incapable.     Lacking  capability  or  adequate  ability. 

Incompetent.     Not  able  to  fulfil  the  duties. 

Indefensible.     Not  defensible;  not  maintainable. 

Ineffective.     Having  no  effect.         ' 

Ineffectual.     Not    producing   the    intended    effect.     See    Success. 

Failure. 
Inefficacious.     Not  having  the  requisite  power  to  produce  a  designed 

effect.     See  Usefulness-Uselessness. 
Inefficient.     Not  producing  the  required  effect;  habitually  indisposed 

to  activity. 
Inept.     Unfit;  silly;  foolish. 
Inoperative.     Not  active  or  producing  an  effect. 
Laid  on  one's  back.     Rendered  powerless. 
Laid  on  the  shelf.     Useless. 
Lustless.     Lacking  vigor. 

Marrowless.     Without  marrow;  without  vigor. 
Nerveless.     Without  nerves;  wanting  vigor. 
Nugatory.     Having  no  force  or  meaning. 
Null  and  void.     Having  no  effect. 

On  one's  beam  end ;  out  of  gear;  out  of  balance,  as  a  ship. 
Palsied.     Affected  with  palsy. 
Paralytic.     Affected  or  tending  to  paralysis. 
Paralyzed.     Deprived  of  the  power  of  moving  or  acting. 
Pithless.     Feeble. 
Powerless.     Without  power;  impotent. 

{Continued  on  Column  1 .) 

mi-li'-tia.     Citizen  soldiers.     Belligerent. 

milk.  A  white  liquid;  to  extract  milk;  moderate. 
Harshness-Mildness,  Turbulence-Calmness,  Vis- 
cidity-Foam,  Whiteness-Blackness;  flow  with 
milk  and  honey,  Enough,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Welfare-Misfortune;  milk  a  he-goat 
into  a  sieve,  Possibility-Impossibility;  milk  and 
water,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness,  Savor-Tastelessness,  Strength- 
Weakness,  Turbulence-Calmness;  milk  of  human 
kindness,  Charitableness-Malevolence;  milk  the 
ram,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

milk'-i-ness.     Mildness.      Diaphaneity-Opalescence. 

milk'-liv"-ered.     Cowardly.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

milk'-maid".  Dairymaid.  Chief-Underling,  City- 
Country. 

milk'-man.     A  milk-pedler.     Agent. 

milk'-sop".  An  effeminate  man.  Bravery-Coward- 
ice, Sage-Fool. 

milk'-y.  Like  milk.  Diaphaneity-Opalescence,  Vis- 
cidity-Foam; milky  way,  Astronomy,  Universe. 

mill.  A  machine  for  grinding;  a  combat.  Friability, 
Instrument,  Strife-Peace,  Workshop;  like  a 
horse  in  a  mill,  Revolution-Evolution. 

mil-len'-ni-um.  A  thousand  years ;  the  thousand  years 
of  Christ's  kingdom  on  earth.  Fancy,  Future-Past, 
Period-Progress,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

mil'-ler.     One  who  operates  a  grist-mill.     Agent. 

mil-les'-i-mal.  Pertaining  to  thousandths.  Five- 
Quinquesection. 

mil'let  seed.  Seed  of  the  millet  grass.  Greatness- 
Littleness. 

mil'-liard.     A  thousand  millions.     Five-Quinquesec- 

TION. 

mil"-lier\     Unit  of  weight.     Measure. 
mil'-li-gram.     Unit  of  weight.     Measure. 


MILLILITER. 


666 


MIND— IMBECILITY. 


tnil'-li-li"-ter.     Unit  of  liquid  measure.     Measure. 

mil'-li-me"-ter.  Unit  of  lineal  measure.  Meas- 
ure. 

mil'-li-ner.  One  who  makes  or  trims  women's  hats. 
Dress-Undress;  man  milliner,  Society-Dandy. 

mil'-H-ner-y.  Articles  made  or  sold  by  milliners. 
Dress-Undress,  Embellishment-Disfigurement, 
Pomp;  man  millinery,  Pomp,  Society-Affecta- 
tion. 

mil'-lion.  A  thousand  thousand*  Five-Quinquesec- 
•noN,  Gentility-Commonalty,  Humanity,  Multi- 
plicity-Paucity; for  the  million,  Clearness-Ob- 
scurity, Difficulty-Facility. 

jnil"-lion-aire'.  One  worth  a  million  or  more.  Afflu- 
fnce-Penury. 

mill'-pond".  A  pool  of  water.  Erectness-Flatness, 
Gulf-Plain,  Store. 

mill'-stone".  One  of  two  stones  used  for  grinding  grain. 
Heaviness-Lightness. 

mime.     A  mimic;  buffoon.     Acting,  Wag. 

mi'-mer.     A  mimic.     Acting. 

mim'-ic.  To  imitate.  Acting,  Delineation-Carica- 
ture, Imitation-Originality. 

mim'-ic-ry.     Imitation.     Imitation-Originality. 

mi-mog'-ra-pher.    A  composer  of  mimes.     Acting. 

mi-nac -i-ty.  Disposition  to  threaten.  Charitable- 
ness-Menace. 

min'-a-ret.  A  slender  tower.  Architecture,  Height- 
Lowness. 

minauderie  [F.]  (mi-no-dri') .  Airs.  Society-Affec- 
tation. 

mince.  To  cut  up;  to  extenuate;  affected.  Justifi- 
cation-Charge, Nutriment-Excretion,  Society- 
Affectation,  Speech-Inarticulateness,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness, Union-Disunion  ;  mince  the  matter, 
Desire-Particularness;    mince  the  truth,  Truth- 


fulness-Falsehood; not  mince  the  matter,  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Manifestation-Latency. 

mince'-meat"  of,  make.  To  utterly  destroy.  Crea- 
tion-Destruction. 

min'-cing.  Overnice.  Society-Affectation;  mincing 
steps,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

mind.  Intellect;  to  pay  attention;  to  purpose;  to 
give  heed;  to  remember;  to  believe.  Carefulness- 
Neglect,  Desire-Distaste,  Desire-Particular- 
ness, Faith-Misgiving,  Heed-Disregard,  Mind- 
Imbecility,  Purpose-Luck,  Readiness-Reluc- 
tance, Recklessness-Caution,  Remembrance- 
Forgetfulness,  Volition-Obligation,  Warning; 
bear  in  mind,  Heed-Disregard,  Reflection-Va- 
cancy, Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  bit  of  one's 
mind,  Enlightenment-Secrecy;  food  for  the  mind, 
Conception-Theme;  give  the  mind  to,  Heed-Dis- 
regard; have  a  mind  to,  Desire-Distaste,  Pur- 
pose-Luck, Readiness-Reluctance;  in  the  mind, 
Conception-Theme,  Readiness-Reluctance,  Re- 
flection-Vacancy; make  one's  mind  easy,  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability;  make  up  one's  mind,  De- 
termination-Vacillation, Faith-Misgiving;  mind 
at  ease,  Pleasure-Pain;  mind  one's  book,  Educa- 
tion-Learning; mind  one's  business,  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Heed-Disregard,  Inquisitiveness- 
Indifference;  mind's  eye,  Fancy;  mind  what  one 
is  about,  Recklessness-Caution;  never  mind,  Care- 
fulness -  Carelessness,  Consequence  -  Insignifi- 
cance; not  mind,  Carefulness-Carelessness;  Un- 
concern; out  of  mind,  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness; set  one's  mind  upon,  Determination-Vacil- 
lation; speak  one's  mind,  Craft-Artlessness, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood;  to  one's  mind,  Love- 
Hate,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Taste-Vul- 
garity; willing  mind,  Readiness-Reluctance. 


MIND— IMBECILITY. 


Ability,  etc.     Physical  or  mental  power.    See  Skill. 

Association  of  ideas.  The  combination  or  connection  of  states  of 
mind  or  their  objects  with  one  another,  as  the  result  of  which  one 
is  said  to  be  revived  or  represented  by  means  of  the  other. 

Capacity.     The  power  of  receiving  and  holding  ideas,  knowledge. 

Cogitative  faculties.  The  faculties  of  the  mind  by  which  we  think  or 
meditate. 

Conception.     The  faculty  of  forming  concepts  or  general  notions. 

Consciousness.     The  power  of  self-knowledge;  the  inner  sense. 

Faculties.  The  natural  powers  of  the  mind  by  which  it  acts  uni- 
formly and  with  facility  in  some  specific  way. 

Genius.  Exalted  intellectual  power,  marked  by  an  extraordinary  fac- 
ulty for  original  expression  or  creation. 

Instinct.  Unconscious,  unreasoning,  or  involuntary  impulse  to  any 
mode  of  action,  whether  physical  or  mental,  without  a  distinct  ap- 
prehension ot  the  end  to  be  accomplished. 

Intellect.  The  taculty  of  the  human  soul  by  which  it  knows,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  the  sensibility  and  the  will. 

Intellection.     Exercise  of  the  intellect;  hence,  thought. 

Intellectual  faculties.     The  faculties  of  the  mind. 

Intellectuality.  Intellectual  powers;  possession  of  intellectual  force 
or  endowment. 

Intelligence.  The  act  or  state  of  knowing;  readiness  of  comprehension. 

Intuition.  Immediate  perception  of  truth  without  conscious  reasoning. 

Judgment.     The  faculty  of  judging  or  of  deciding  correctly. 

Mind.  That  which  thinks,  feels,  and  wills;  the  entire  psychical  being 
of  man. 

Observation.     The  act,  power,  or  habit  of  taking  notice. 

Parts.     Faculties;  talents. 

Percipience.     The  faculty  or  power  of  perceiving 

Rationality.     Reasoning  power. 

Reason.  The  entire  mental  or  rational  nature  of  man  as  distinguished 
from  the  intelligence  of  the  brute. 

Senses.     Rational  perceptions  accompanied  by  feeling. 

Thinking  principle .     The  original  faculty  of  thinking. 

Understanding.     The  power  to  understand;  the  intellectual  faculty. 

Wisdom,  etc.  Knowledge,  and  the  capacity  to  make  due  use  of  it. 
See  Sagacity. 

Wit,  etc.     Mind;  intellect;  understanding:  sense.     See  Sagacity. 

Wits.     Mental  faculties  or  powers  of  the  mind. 


Absence  of  intellect.     Imbecility. 
Brutality.     The  condition  or  quality  of  being  brutal. 
Brute  force.     Compulsory  power;  violence. 
Brute  instinct.     Unintelligence ;  brute  instinct. 
Imbecility.     Feebleness,  especially  of  mind. 

Incapacity,  etc.     Lack  of  intellectual  power.      See  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity. 
Want  of  intellect,  etc.     See  Mind. 

Imbecility — Adjective. 

Unendowed  with  reason.     Without  the  faculty  of  reason. 


MIND — Contin  ued. 

Mind — Figurative  Nouns. 

Bosom.     The  breast  considered  as  the  seat  of  the  passions. 

Brain .     The  organ  of  intellect ;  hence,  the  understanding. 

Brain-pan.     The  bones  which  enclose  the  brain. 

Breast.     The  seat  of  the  affections  and"  passions. 

Cerebrum.     Brain,  especially  the  upper  and  anterior  part. 

Cranium.     The  skull,  especially  that  part  enclosing  the  brain. 

Divina  particula  aura  [L.].    Divine  particle  of  air. 

Ghost.     The  soul  or  spirit  of  a  deceased  person. 

Head.     That  part  of  an  animal  containing  the  brain  and  chief  sensory 

organs. 
Headpiece.     Understanding;  mental  faculty. 
Heart.     The  seat  of  the  affections  or  sensibilities. 
Heart's  core.     Inmost  character  or  disposition. 
Inner  man.     The  feelings  and  affections. 
Noddle.     The  head. 
Organ  of  thought.     The  brain. 
Pate.     The  head  of  a  person. 

Penetralia  mentis  [L.J.     The  inmost  parts  of  the  mind. 
Pericranium.      The  periosteum   of    the   external   surface    of    the 

cerebrum . 
Sconce.     A  piece  of  armci  for  the  head;  figuratively,  the  head 

brains,  sense. 
Scull.     The  skull. 
Seat  of  thought.     The  brain. 


MIND. 


667 


MINERALOGY. 


MIND — Figurative  Nouns—  Continued. 


Densorium.     The  nervous  system,  including  the  cerebrum. 
Sensory.     See  Sensorium. 

Skull.      The  bony  framework  which  encloses  the  brain;   the  head  or 
brain. 


Soul.     The  spiritual,  rational  part  of  man. 
Spirit.     The  intelligent,  immaterial  part  of  man. 
Upper  story.     The  head. 


Mind — Philosophical  Terms. 


Craniology.  That  branch  of  internal  somatology  which  treats  of  the 
characteristics  of  skulls. 

Cranioscopy.      Scientific  examination  of  the  cranium. 

Idealism.  The  theory  that  in  external  perceptions  the  objects  im- 
mediately known  are  ideas  and  ideas  only;  quest  of  the  ideal. 

Ideality.     The  state  or  character  of  being  ideal  or  imaginary. 

Ideology.     The  science  that  treats  of  the  evolution  of  human  ideas. 

Immateriality,  etc.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  immaterial,  etc 
See  Materiality-Spirituality. 

Mental  philosophy.  The  general  laws  or  principles  under  which  all 
the  subordinate  phenomena  or  facts  relating  to  the  mind  are  com- 
prehended. 

Metaphysician.     One  who  is  versed  in  metaphysics. 

Metaphysics.  Philosophy  in  the  wide  sense ;  the  principles  of  philos- 
ophy as  applied  to  explain  the  methods  of  any  particular  science. 

Moral  philosophy.     The  science  which  treats  of  the  nature  and  con- 


dition of  man  as  a  moral  being,  of  the  duties  which  result  from  his 

moral  relations,  and  the  reasons  on  which  they  are  founded. 
Philosophy  of  the  mind.     Mental  philosophy. 
Phrenology.      A  system  which  teaches  that  the  faculties  of  the  mind 

are  manifested  through  special    organs,  or  in  separate  portions  of 

the  brain. 
Pneumatology.      The  science  of  spiritual  existence  or  phenomena  of 

any  description. 
Psychics.     Psychology. 

Psychologist,  etc.      One  who  is  devoted  to  or  versed  in  psychology. 
Psychology.      The  science  of  the  human  soul  and  its  operations. 
Spiritualism.      The  doctrine  that  there  are  substances  or  beings  not 

cognizable  by  the  senses;  the  intuitional  philosophy. 
Transcendentalism.      That  which  in  religion  or  philosophy  is  vague, 

visionary,  or  sublimated :  any  form  of  transcendental  philosophy. 


Mind — Verbs. 


Appreciate.     Perceive  or  distinguish  adequately. 

Be  aware  of.     Be  conscious  or  informed  of. 

Be  conscious  of.     Possess  knowledge  of;  be  sensible  of. 

Fancy,  etc.     Form  a  conception  of,  etc.     See  Fancy. 

Mark.     Pay  special  attention  to;  heed. 

Note.     Take  notice  of,  observe. 


Notice.     Pay  attention  to;  mark;  heed. 

Realize.      Apprehend  the  meaning  or  significance  of;  think  of  as  real 

Ruminate,  etc.    Meditate  upon;  muse,  etc      See  Reflection. 

Take  cognizance  of  .*  Take  knowledge  of ;  notice. 

Take  notice  of .     Observe;  note;  notice. 


M  ind — A  djectives. 


Cerebral.     Pertaining  to  the  cerebrum;  mental. 

Endowed  with  reason.     Furnished  with  the  faculty  of  reason. 

Ghostly.     Relating  to  the  soul. 

Immaterial,  etc.     See  Spirituality. 

Intellectual.  Pertaining  to  the  intellect;  possessing  intellect  or  in- 
telligence. 

Mental.     Pertaining  to  the  mind  or  the  entire  rational  nature 

Metaphysical.  Relating  to  metaphysics;  treating  of  or  devoted  to 
metaphysics;  transcendental. 

Mind- 
In  petto  [It.].     Within  the  breast. 

Mind- 
Ensrationis  [L.].     A  creature  of  reason. 


Nooscopic.     Observing  the  reason. 

Psychical.     Of  or  pertaining  to  the  mind  or  soul. 

Psychological.     Of  or  pertaining  to  psychology. 

Rational.  Pertaining  to  the  reason;  having  reason;  agreeable  to 
reason. 

Spiritual.  Of  or  pertaining  to  spirit;  marked  by  the  highest  quali- 
ties of  the  human  mind. 

Subjective.  Proceeding  from  or  taking  place  within  the  thinking 
subject. 

-Adverb. 


■Phrases. 

Locos  y  ninos  dicen  la  verdad  ISp.]. 
truth. 


Children  and  fools  sj^eak  the 


mind'-ed.  Willing;  disposed.  Purpose-Luck,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance. 

mind'-ful.  Heedful;  observant.  Heed-Disregard, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

mind'-ful-ness.     Observance.     Heed-Disregard. 

mind'-less.  Careless;  imbecile;  insensible.  Heed-Dis- 
regard, Remembrance-Forgetfulness,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

mine.  A  subterranean  cavity;  a  destructive  agent;  a 
source  of  wealth.  Aperture-Closure,  Attack-De- 
fense, Betterment-Deterioration,  Convexity- 
Concavity,  Creation  -  Destruction,  Enough, 
Store,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  dig  a  mine,  Design, 
Preparation  -  Nonpreparation;  mine  of  wealth, 
Affluence-Penury;  spring  a  mine,  Attack-De- 
fense, Prevision. 

mi'-ner.  One  who  mines.  Concavity-Convfxity; 
sapper  and  miner,  Belligerent. 

min'-er-al.  An  inorganic  substance.  Organization- 
Inorganization;  mineral  oil,  Pulpiness-Rosin. 

-nin'-er-al-ize.      To  change  from  a  metal  to  a  mineral. 

Mineralogy. 
iin"-er-al-og'-ic-al.     Pertaining  to  mineralogy.     Min- 
eralogy. 
iin"-er-ar-o-gist.     Student  of  mineralogy.       Miner- 
alogy. 
iin"-er-al'-o-gy.     Science  of  minerals.     Mineralogy, 
Organization-Inorganization. 


MINERALOGY. 

Mineralogy.  The  science  which  treats  of  the  description,  formation, 
and  classification  of  minerals. 

Mineralogy — Associated  Words 

Angle.     Difference  of  direction  of  two  or  more  lines  or  planes. 

Basal  pinacoid.     Pinacoid  cutting  the  vertical  axis  of  a  crystal 

Contact-goniometer.  Instrument  for  measuring  the  angles  made  by 
the  faces  of  crystals. 

Crystal.  Solid  mathematical  form  assumed  by  homogeneous  sub- 
stances. 

Crystallographic  axes.     The  axes  of  a  crystal. 

Crystallography.     Science  of  crystals. 

Dihexagonal  pyramid.  Crystal  in  the  form  of  a  pyramid  twelve-sided 
in  cross-section. 

Diploid,     Crystal  having  24  trapezoidal  faces. 

Ditetragonal  pyramid.     Crystal  in  the  form  of  an  eight-sided  pyramid. 

Face.     One  of  the  nlane  surfaces  of  a  crystal. 

Goniometer.     Instrument  for  measuring  angles. 

Hemihedrism.  State  of  having  half  the  number  of  symmetrically 
arranged  planes  possible. 

Hemimorphism.  State  of  having  two  ends  bounded  by  dissimilar 
planes. 

Hexagonal  system.     Crystals  having  six  symmetrical  faces. 

Hexahedron.     Crystal  having  six  faces. 

Hexoctahedron.  Kind  of  crystal  having  48  similar  and  equal  trian- 
gular faces. 

Holohedron.     Crystal  having  all  the  symmetrical  faces  possible. 

Icosi tetrahedron.  Kind  of  crystal  having  24  equal  and  similar  tm. 
peziform  faces. 


MINERALOGY. 


668 


MINISTRY— LAITY. 


Isometric  system.  System  of  crystals  having  the  three  axes  of  equal 
length. 

Mineralogist.     One  versed  in  mineralogy. 

Monoclinic  system.  System  of  crystals  having  one  symmetrical 
plane. 

Octahedron.     Crystal  having  plane  faces. 

Orthcrhombic  system.  System  of  crystals  having  three  unlike  axes 
at  right  angles. 

Parameter.  The  rational  multiple  of  the  unit-length  of  any  semi- 
axis  intercepted  by  a  crystal  plane  determining  its  position  with 
reference  to  the  fundamental  form . 

Pinacoid.  Form  of  crystal  having  two  planes  cutting  one  axis  while 
parallel  to  the  other  two. 

Prism.  Form  of  crystal  having  three  planes  making  parallel  and  ver- 
tical intersections. 

Reflecting  goniometer.  Instrument  for  measuring  angles  by  reflected 
light. 

Rhombic  dodecahedron.     Crystal  having  1 2  rhombic  faces. 

Symbol.     A  character  or  mark  indicating  the  surface  ©f  a  crystal. 

Symmetry.  Relative  proportion  and  harmony  of  the  parts  of  a 
whole 

Tetartohedrism.  State  of  having  but  one-fourth  the  full  number  of 
symmetrical  faces 

Tetragonal  prism.     Prism  of  the  tetragonal  system. 

Tetragonal  system.  System  of  crystals  having  four  alternately  dis- 
similar planes  of  symmetry  intersecting  at  angles  of  45  degrees  and 
at  right  angles  to  a  fifth  symmetrical  plane. 

Tetrahexahedron.     Crystal  having  24  triangular  faces. 

Triclinic  system.  System  of  crystals  having  full  number  of  faces  but 
no  planes  of  symmetry. 

Trisoctahedron.  Crystal  having  24  faces  in  eight  groups  of  three 
each. 

Twin  crystals.  Two  similar  crystals  united  so  as  to  be  symmetrical 
with  respect  to  a  plane  which  is  not  a  plane  of  symmetry  for  either 
one. 

Mineralogy — Verbs. 

Mineralize.     To  change  from  a  metallic  to  a  mineral  form. 
Orientate.     To  place  a  crystal  so  as  to  show  symmetry. 

Mineralogy — Adjectives. 

Amorphous.     Not  crystallized. 

Crystalline.     Xn  the  form  of  a  crystal. 

Gyroidal.     Pertaining  to  non -symmetrical  forms  of  crystals  in  which 

the  planes  appear  to  be  twisted  in  respect  to  each  other. 
Heterogeneous.     Containing  dissimilar  elements. 
Holohedral.     Having  all  the  symmetrical  faces  possible. 
Homogeneous.     Having  parts  of  similar  form  and  arrangement. 
Interracial.     Formed  by  two  faces  of  a  polyhedron. 
Isomorphous.     Crystallizing  in  forms  identical  with  those  of  some 

other  substance . 


Mineralogical.     Pertaining  to  mineralogy. 

Orthorhombic.  Pertaining  to  forms  of  crystals  dissimilarly  symmet- 
rical in  three  planes  at  right  angles  to  each  other. 

Pentagonal.     Having  five  angles. 

Pyramidal.     Of  the  shape  of  a  pyramid. 

Rhombohedral.  Possessing  three  common  planes  of  symmetry  in- 
tersecting at  angles  of  60  degrees. 

Sphenoidal.  Pertaining  to  a  crystal  of  the  hemihedral  form  and  in- 
cluded under  four  equal  scalene  triangular  faces. 

Tetragonal.  Possessing  four  alternately  dissimilar  planes  of  sym- 
metry intersecting  at  angles  of  45  degrees  and  cutting  a  fifth  plan* 
at  right  angles. 

Tetrahedral.     Possessing  four  faces  which  meet  at  a  point. 

Trapezohedral.     In  the  form  of  a  trapezohedron. 

Minerva,  invita  [L.]  (mi-ner'-va  in-vai'-ta) .  Without 
genius.  Difficulty-Facility,  Readiness-Reluc- 
tance. 

Mi-ner'-va  press.  A  London  printing-house.  Account, 
Simplicity-Floridness. 

min'-gle.    To  mix.    Mixture-Homogeneity. 

min'-i-a-ture.  A  small  painting.  Greatness-Little- 
ness, Painting;  miniature  painter,  Artist. 

min'-ie  ri'-fle.     A  rifle  for  using  minie  balls.     Weapon. 

min'-i-kin.  Something  very  small.  Greatness-Lit- 
tleness 

min'-im.  A  drop;  a  half  note.  Magnitude-C.mall- 
ness,  Measure,  Melody-Dissonance. 

min'-i-mum.  The  least  possible  amount  or  degree. 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

min'-ion.     A  servile  favorite.    Favorite-Anger. 

min"-ion-ette\  A  bastard  size  of  type-body.  Writ- 
ing-Printing. 

min'-is-ter.  An  agent;  a  governmental  representative; 
a  pastor;  to  serve;  to  supply.  Agent,  Ceremonial, 
Fane,  Giving-Receiving,  Instrumentality,  Mana- 
ger, Ministry-Laity,  Obstruction-Help,  Remedy- 
Bane,  Representative. 

min"-is-te'-ri-al.     Clerical.     Church. 

min'-is-ter-ing  spir'-it.     An  angel.     Angel-Satan 

min'-is-trant.     Serving.     Obstruction-Help. 

min'-is-trate.     To  serve.     Management. 

min/'-is-tra'-tion.  Act  of  performing  service.  Cere* 
monial,  Church,  Management. 

min'-is-try.  Ministers  collectively;  agency.  Church, 
Management,  Ministry-Laity,  Obstruction-Help. 


MINISTRY— LAITY. 


Abbi  [F.J.  The  head  of  an  abbey;  a  title  of  respect  commonly  given 
in  France  to  every  one  vested  with  the  ecclesiastical  dress. 

Abbess.  A  female  governess  of  a  nunnery,  having  the  same  authority 
over  the  nuns  that  an  abbot  has  over  the  monks. 

Abbot.     The  superior  or  head  of  an  abbey. 

Abdal.     A  religious  devotee  in  Persia. 

Abuna.     Head  of  the  Abyssinian  Church. 

Aco  lot  hist.     An  acolyte 

Acolyte.  One  who  has  received  the  highest  of  the  four  minor  orders 
in  the  Catholic  Church,  being  ordained  to  carry  the  wine,  water,  and 
lights  at  the  Mass. 

Acolyth.     See  Acolyte. 

Almoner.  One  who  distributes  alms,  especially  those  of  a  religious 
house. 

Ancient  flamen.     See  Flamen. 

Archbishop.  A  head  bishop  and  one  who  superintends  the  conduct  of 
the  suffragan  bishops  in  his  province  and  exercises  episcopal  au- 
thority in  his  own  diocese. 

Archdeacon.  In  England,  an  ecclesiastic *J  dignitary,  next  in  rank 
below  a  bishop,  whom  he  assists,  and  by  whom  he  is  appointed, 
though  with  independent  authority. 

Augustin.      A  member  of  a  religious  order  named  after  St.  Augustine. 

Austin  Friars.  An  order  of  friars  established  in  1 265  by  Pope  Alex- 
ander IV 

Beadle.      An  inferior  parish  officer  in  England,  having  various  duties. 

Beadsman.  A  poor  man,  supported  by  a  beadhouse,  and  required  to 
p^ay  for  its  founder. 

Benedictine.  One  of  the  order  of  monks  established  by  St.  Bene- 
dict of  Nursia  in  the  sixth  century. 

Beneficiary.     The  holder  of  a  benefice  or  church  living. 


Assembly.     A  company  of  persons  collected  together  with  a  common 

purpose,  especially  for  worship. 
Brethren.     Fellow  men 
Catechumen.     One   who  receives   rudimentary   instruction   in    the 

Christian  doctrine,  preliminary  to  being  received  into  membership 

of  the  church. 
Civilian.     One  whose  pursuits  are  those  of  civil  life ;  not  clerical . 
Congregation.     An  assembly  of  persons  met  for  worship  and  religious 

instruction. 
Flock.     A  Christian  congregation  or  church,  considered  in  relation 

to  their  pastor. 
Fold.     Figuratively,  the  church  or  a  church. 
Laity.     The  people,  as  distinguished  from  the  clergy. 
Layman.     One  of  the  laity. 
Parishioner.     One  connected  with  a  parish. 
People.     Persons,  generally,  as  distinguished  from  the  clergy;    the 

laity. 
Secularist.     One  who  disregards  all  religious  worship  and  belief,  and 

directs  his  attention  solely  to  the  things  of  this  present  life. 
Secularization.     Conversion  from  religious  to  secular  possession  and 

uses. 
Temporality.     (Obs,]    The  laity. 

Latty — Verb. 

Secularize.     To  convert  from  spiritual  to  secular  or  common  uses. 

La  ity — A  djectives. 

Civil.     Pertaining  to  the  city  or  state. 
Laical.     Pertaining  to  the  laity. 


MINISTRY. 


669 


MINISTRY— LAITY. 


MINISTRY— LAITY— Continutd. 


Bishop.  One  ordained  to  the  highest  order  of  the  ministry,  superior 
to  the  priesthood  and  generally  claiming  to  be  a  successor  of  the 
Apostles. 

Blackcoat.     A  clergyman. 

Black  friar.     A  friar  of  the  Dominican  order. 

Bonhomme.     A  simple  man;  an  old  codger 

Bonze.     A  Buddhist  or  Fohist  priest,  monk,  or  nun. 

Brahman,  A  person  of  the  highest  or  priestly  caste  among  the  Hin- 
dus. 

Caloyer.     A  monk  of  the  Greek  Church. 

Canon.  A  member  of  a  cathedral  chapter;  a  person  who  holds  a 
prebend  in  a  cathedral  or  collegiate  church. 

Canoness.     A  woman  who  holds  a  canonry  in  a  conventual  chapter. 

Capitular.     A  member  of  a  chapter. 

Capuchin.  A  Franciscan  monk  of  the  austere  branch  established  in 
1526  by  Matteo  di  Baschi,  distinguished  by  wearing  the  long 
pointed  cowl  of  St.  Francis. 

Cardinal.  One  of  the  ecclesiastical  princes  who  constitute  the  pope's 
council* 

Carmelite.  A  friar  of  the  mendicant  order  established  on  Mt.  Car- 
mel,  in  Syria,  in  the  twelfth  century. 

Carthusian.  A  member  of  a  very  austere  religious  order,  founded  at 
Chartreuse  in  France  by  St.  Bruno,  in  1086. 

Cenobite.  One  of  a  religious  order,  dwelling  in  a  convent  or  religious 
community. 

Chaplain.  A  clergyman  attached  to  the  army  or  navy,  to  some  pub- 
lic institution,  or  to  a  family  or  a  court,  for  the  purpose  of  perform- 
ing divine  service. 

Choir.     A  band  of  singers  in  church  service. 

Chorister.     The  leader  of  the  choir  in  church  service. 

Churchman.     An  ecclesiastic  or  clergyman. 

Churchwarden.  An  officer  in  an  Episcopal  church,  whose  duties 
vary  in  different  dioceses,  but  always  include  the  provision  of  what 
is  necessary  for  the  communion  service. 

Cistercian.  A  monk  of  a  branch  of  the  Benedictine  order,  estab- 
lished by  Robert,  abbot  of  Molesme,  at  Citeaux,  in  France,  in  the 
year  1098. 

Classis.     A  church  court. 

Clergy.  The  body  of  men,  set  apart  by  due  ordination,  to  the  service 
of  God,  in  the  Christian  Church. 

Clergyman.  A  man,  regularly  ordained  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  ad- 
minister its  ordinances. 

Clericals.     The  clergy. 

Clerk".     A  clergyman. 

Confessor.     A  priest  who  hears  confessions  and  administers  penance. 

Conventual.     One  living  in  a  convent ;  a  monk  or  nun. 

Corybant.     A  priest  of  the  goddess  Cybele  in  Phrygia. 

Crossed  Friars.    )  A  minor  order,  so   named  from  the  crosses    they 

Crutched  Friars./      wore  on  their  garments. 

Curate.     A  clergyman  who  assists  a  rector  or  vicar. 

Curi  [F.].     A  curate  or  parson. 

Deacon.  An  officer  in  Christian  churches  appointed  to  perform  va- 
rious subordinate  duties  which  vary  in  different  communions. 

Deaconess.     A  female  deacon. 

Dean.     An  ecclesiastical  dignitary,  subordinate  to  a  bishop. 

Dervish.  A  Turkish  or  Persian  monk,  especially  one  professing  ex- 
treme poverty. 

Dignitaries  of  the  church.  Those  holding  ecclesiastical  rank  above 
that  of  parochial  priests  or  clergymen. 

Diocesan.     A  bishop,  considered  in  relation  to  his  diocese. 

Divine.     A  minister  of  the  gospel. 

Dominican.  One  of  the  order  of  friars,  founded  by  the  Spaniard  Dom- 
inic de  Guzman  at  Toulouse  in  1215. 

Druid.  One  of  an  order  of  priests  among  the  ancient  Gauls  and  Brit- 
ons. 

Ebdomarius.     Superintendent  of  divine  services  in  a  cathedral. 

Ecclesiarch.  An  officer  in  the  Eastern  Church;  a  kind  of  chief  sex- 
ton. 

Ecclesiast.     Administrator  of  church  affairs. 

Ecclesiastic.      One  officially  set  apart  for  the  service  of  the  church. 

Elder.  A  church  officer  of  varying  rank  and  function ;  in  the  Method- 
ist Episcopal  Church,  a  clergyman  ordained  to  administer  all  the 
sacraments. 

Eminence.  A  title  of  honor  applied  to  a  cardinal  in  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church. 

Faauir  '  ^  Oriental  religious  or  begging  monk. 

Father.     A  confessor  or  a  priest. 

Father  in  Christ.  A  title  given  to  a  bishop  as  being  divinely  ap- 
pointed. 

Field  preacher.     One  who  preaches  in  the  open  air 

Flamen.  A  priest  devoted  to  the  service  of  a  particular  god.  from 
whom  he  received  his  name. 


Lay.     Relating  to  the  laity,  as  distinct  from  the  clergy 
Profane,     Not  sacred  or  holy;  secular. 

Secular.     Pertaining  to  this  present  world;  belonging  to  the  laity. 
Temporal.     Civil  or  political,  as  distinguished  from  ecclesiastical. 


MINISTRY— Continued 

Fohist.     A  Buddhist  priest. 

Franciscan.      A  monk  of  the  order  of  St.  Francis,  an  order  of  mendi 

cant  monks  founded  in  1 209  by  St.  Francis  of  Assisi. 
Friar.     A  member  of  a  mendicant  monastic  order. 
Friars  minor.     Franciscans. 

Gooroo.     A  spiritual  teacher  or  confessor  among  the  Hindus. 
Gray  friars.     Franciscans. 
Hadji.      A  Mohammedan  pilgrim  to  Mecca;   an  Armenian  or  Greek 

who  has  visited  the  sepulcher  at  Jerusalem. 
Hierarch.     The  chief  of  a  sacred  or  ecclesiastical  order. 
Hierophant,      The  presiding  priest  who  initiates  candidates  at  the 

Eleusinian  mysteries. 
High  priest.     A  chief  priest ;  the  head  of  the  Jewish  priesthood. 
Imaum.     A  Mohammedan  minister  or  priest  who  performs  the  regular 

service  of  the  mosque. 
Incumbent.     One  who  is  in  present  possession  of  a  benefice  or  office. 
Jesuit.     One  of  a  religious  order  founded  by  Ignatius  Loyola,  and  ap- 
proved in  1 540,  under  the  title  of  the  Society  of  Jesus. 
Kaziaskier.     A  Mohammedan  priest  of  high  rank. 
Lama.      In  Tibet,  Mongolia,  etc.,  a  priest  or  monk  of  a  belief  known 

as  Lamaism,  a  modified  form  of  Buddhism. 
Lay  brother.      One  received  into  a  convent  of  monks  under  the  three 

vows,  but  not  in  holy  orders. 
Lecturer.     An  assistant  preacher. 
Levite.     One  of  the  tribe  of  Levi;    one  subordinate  to  the  priests  and 

employed  in  various  duties  connected  with  the  tabernacle  first,  and 

afterward  of  the  temple. 
Lorettine.     One  of  an  order  of  nuns  founded  in  i8i2,at  Loretto.ia 

Kentucky. 
Mendicant.     A  begging  friar. 

Metropolitan.     An  archbishop ;  a  bishop  whose  see  is  a  metropolis. 
Minister.      The  pastor  of  a  church  duly  authorized  to  preach  the  gos- 
pel and  administer  the  sacraments. 
Ministry.     The  clergy,  as  a  body. 
Minorites.     Franciscan  friars. 

Missionary.     One  sent  to  preach  the  gospel  to  the  heathen  or  the  poor. 
Mollah.      A  Turkish  title  of  respect  for  a  religious  and  learned  man. 
Monk.    One  who  retires  from  the  ordinary  temporal  affairs  of  life  and 

devotes  himself  entirely  to  religion. 
Muezzin.     A  Mohammedan  crier  of  the  hour  of  prayer. 
Mufti.     An  official  expounder  of  Mohammedan  law. 
Novice.  One  who  enters  a  religious  house,  whether  of  monks  or  nuns, 

as  a  probationist. 
Nun.     A  woman  devoted  to  religion,  and  living  in  a  convent,  under 

the  vows  of  poverty,  chastity,  and  obedience. 
Observant.     An  observantine  or  one  of  the  branch  of  the  Franciscan 

order  who  profess  to  adhere  more  strictly  than  the  conventuals  to 

the  intention  of  the  founder,  especially  as  to  poverty. 
Padre  [It.,  Pg.,  Sp.].    Father;  a  title  given  to  a  priest  in  Italy,  Spain, 

and  Spanish  America,  and  in  India  to  all  clergymen. 
Palmer.     A  wandering  religious  votary,  especially  one  who  has  visited 

the  Holy  Lands  and  carries  a  palm  in  token  of  it- 
Papa.     A  parish  priest  in  the  Greek  Church. 
Parson.     A  rector  or  incumbent  of  a  parochial  church  in  full  charge ; 

a  preacher. 
Pastor.     A  minister  in  charge  of  a  church  and  parish. 
Patriarch.     A  dignitary  superior  to  the  order  of  archbishops. 
Perpetual   curate.     Before  186S,  a  curate  having  charge  of  a  parish 

without  rector  or  vicar,  but  controlled  by  a  layman. 
Pilgrim.      One  who  travels  far  to  visit  some  holy  place  or  shrine  as 

a  devotee. 
Pontiff.     A  high  priest ;  the  pope. 

Pope.     The  bishop  of  Rome,  the  head  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. 
Postulant.     A  candidate. 

Preacher.     One  who  discourses  in  public  on  religious  subjects. 
Prebendary.     A  person  who  receives  a  stated  income  from  the  revs* 

nues  of  a  cathedral  or  conventual  church. 
Precentor.     A  choir  leader. 
Prelate.     A  dignitary  of  the  church. 
Presbyter.     In  hierarchical  churches,  a  minister  of  lower  rank  than  a 

bishop,  but  higher  than  a  deacon;    a  priest;    in  the  Presbyterian 

Church,  a  member  of  a  presbytery. 
Presbytery.     A  judicatory  consisting  of  all  the  ministers  within  a  cer- 
tain district  and  one  ruling  elder  from  each  parish  or  church,  com- 
*iissioned  to  represent  the  church  in  conjunction  with  the  pastor. 


MINISTRY. 


670 


MISAPPROPRIATION. 


MINISTRY—  Continued. 


driest.  In  the  Roman  Catholic  and  Greek  churches,  the  lowest  order 
of  ecclesiastics  empowered  to  consecrate  the  Host  and  perform 
Mass ;  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  a  presbyter. 

Priesthood.     The  collective  body  of  priests. 

Primate.     An  archbishop. 

Prior.     The  superior  in  a  convent  of  monks,  inferior  to  an  abbot. 

Prioress.     The  female  superior  of  a  nunnery. 

Propagandist.  One  who  devotes  himself  to  the  spread  of  a  certain 
system  of  principles. 

Prophet.     One  inspired  by  God  to  declare  his  purposes. 

Rahh J     f  A  Jewish  title  of  respect  for  a  teacher  or  doctor  of  the  law 

Reader.     One  whose  office  is  to  read  prayers  in  church. 

Rector.     In  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  a  clergyman  in  charge 

of  a  parish 
Religieuse  [F  ]      A  person  under  monastic  vows;  a  monk  or  nun. 
Residentiary.     An  ecclesiast  who  keeps  a  certain  residue. 
Reverence.     A  priest  or  other  minister. 
Reverend.     A  title  of  honor  applied  to  a  clergyman. 
Revivalist.     One  who  promotes  revivals  of  religion. 
Rural  dean.     One  having,  under  the  bishop,  care  of  the  clergy  within 

certain  parishes  of  the  diocese 


Sacristan.     One  who  takes  general  oare  of  the  church ;  a  sexton. 
Santon.     A  kind  of  dervish,  regarded  by  the  people  as  a  saint. 
Scribe.     One  skilled  in  the  law  and  traditions  and  who  read  and  ex- 
pounded the  law  to  the  people. 
Sexton.     A  sacristan. 

Sheik.     A  Mohammedan  ecclesiastic  of  a  high  grade 
Shepherd.     The  pastor  of  a  church 
Sidesman.     An  assistant  to  the  churchwarden. 

Sonhi  /  ^ne  °^  a  c^^11  order  of  religious  men  in  Persia 

Spiritual  director.     A  minister. 

Subdean.     The  deputy  or  substitute  of  a  dean. 

Suffragan.     An  assistant  bishop. 

Suisse  [F.].     A  porter. 

Talapoin.     A  Buddhist  or  Fohist  monk  or  priest. 

The  cloth.     The  clerical  profession. 

Trappist.  A  monk  belonging  to  a  branch  of  the  Cistercian  order,  es- 
tablished in  1 660  by  Armand  de  Ranee. 

Ulema.  A  college  or  corporation  in  Turkey  composed  of  the  hier- 
archy. 

Verger.     An  attendant  on  a  dignitary,  as  on  a  bishop,  dean,  etc. 

Vicar.     The  incumbent  of  an  appropriated  benefice. 


Take  orders,  etc .     To  enter  some  grade  of  the  ministry  etc. 


Called  to  the  ministry. 

His  Eminence.     Title  applied  to  a  cardinal. 

His  Grace.     Title  applied  to  an  archbishop. 

His  Holiness.     T'tle  applied  to  the  pope. 

In  orders.     Belonging  to  a  grade  of  the  ministry. 


Ministry — Verbs. 
See  sub  Church. 
Ministry — Adjectives. 

Ordained.     Invested  with  ministerial  or  sacerdotal  functions. 
The  Reverend.     Worthy  of  reverence :  said  of  a  clergyman. 
The  Right  Reverend.     Said  of  a  bishop. 
The  Very  Reverend .     Said  of  a  dean . 


min'-ne-sing"-er.    A  lyric  poet.    Poetry-Prose. 

min'-now.     A  little  fish.     Greatness-Littleness. 

mi'-nor.  Inferior;  one  under  legal  age.  Infant-Vet- 
eran, Supremacy-Subordinacy;  minor  key, 
Melody-Dissonance. 

Mi'-nor-ites.     Franciscans.    Ministry-Laity. 

mi-nor'-i-ty.  State  of  being  a  minor;  the  smaller  num- 
ber. Infancy-Age,  Multiplicity-Paucity,  Su- 
premacy-Subordinacy. 

Mi'-nos.     A  king  of  Crete.     Manager. 

Min'-o-taur.  A  fabled  monster.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality. 

min'-ster.     A  church.     Fane. 

min'-strel.    \  wandering  musician.    Musician. 

min'-strel-sy.     The  art  of  a  minstrel.    Music. 

mint.  A  place  to  coin  money;  to  mold;  wealth.  Af- 
fluence-Penury, Copy-Model,  Workshop. 

min'-u-end.  The  number  from  which  another  is  sub- 
tracted.    Addition-Subtraction. 

min'-u-et.  A  dance.  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Music. 

mi'-nus.  Less;  negative;  without  positive  value. 
Addition-Subtraction,  Credit-Debt,  Gain-Loss, 
Presence- Absence,  Settlement- Default,  Su- 
premacy-Subordinacy,   Transcursion-Shortcom- 

ING. 

mi-nus'-cule.     A  small  letter.     Letter. 

min'-ute.  The  sixtieth  part  of  an  hour  or  degree;  a 
memorandum;  an  instant.  Digest,  Eternity- 
Instantaneity,  Mark -Obliteration,  Measure, 
Period-Progress;  to  the  minute,  Earliness-Late- 

NESS. 

mi-nute'.  Very  small;  very  exact.  Greatness-Little- 
ness, Magnitude-Smallness;  minute  account,  Ac- 
count; minute  attention,  Heed-Disregard. 

mi-nute'-ness.  Quality  of  being  minute.  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness. 

mi-nu'-ti-ae.  Unimportant  details.  Consequence-In- 
significance, Greatness-Littleness,  Magnitude- 
Smallness. 

minx.   A  pert  or  wanton  girl.    Brawler,  Purity-Rake. 

miq'-ue-let.     A  bandit.     Robber. 

mir.  A  Russian  local  community.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 


mirabile  diclu  [L.]  (mi-rab'-i-li  dic'-tiu).  Wonderful  to 
relate.     Astonishment-Expectance. 

mirabilis,  annus  [L.]  (mi-rab'-i-lis,  an'-nus).  Wonder- 
ful year.     Phenomenon. 

mir'-a-cle.  A  supernatural  event.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Phenomenon;  miracle  play, 
Acting. 

mi-rac'-u-lous.  Wonderful.  Astonishment-Expect- 
ance. 

mi"-rage'.  An  optical  effect.  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness,  Sight-Dimsightedness,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

mire.     Soft  mud.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

mir'-ror.  A  looking-glass;  an  exemplar.  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness,  Imitation-Originality,  Optical 
Instruments,  Reputation-Discredit,  Sight-Dim- 
sightedness;  hold  the  mirror  up  to  nature,  Delinea- 
tion-Caricature; hold  up  the  mirror,  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency; magic  mirror,  Sight-Dimsighted- 
ness. 

mirth.     Jollity.    Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

mis"-ac-cep-ta'-tion.  Understanding  in  a  wrong  sense. 
Anteriority-Posteriority,  Interpretation-Mis- 
interpretation. 

mis"-ad-ven'-ture.  Adversity.  Welfare -Misfor- 
tune. 

mis"-ad- vised'.      Ill-advised.     Skill  -  Unskilfulness. 

mis'-an-thrope.  Hater  of  mankind.  Humanitarian- 
ism-Misanthropy. 

mis"-an-throp'-ic.  Hating  mankind.  Humanitarian- 
ism-Misanthropy. 

mis-an'-thro-py.  Hatred  of  mankind.  Humanitarian- 
ism-Misanthropy. 

mis"-ap-ply'.  To  apply  wrongly.  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Use- 
Misuse. 

mis-ap"-pre-hend' .  To  take  in  a  wrong  sense.  Inter- 
pretation-Misinterpretation,    Truth-Error. 

mis-ap"-pre-hen'-sion.  Mistake.  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation,  Truth-Error. 

mis"-ap-pro'-pri-ate.  To  use  for  a  wrong  purpose.  Use- 
Misuse. 

mis"-ap-pro"-pri-a'-tion.  Misapplication.  Use-Mis- 
use. 


MISARRANGE. 


671 


MISINTERPRET. 


mis"-ar-range'.     To  place  in  a  wrong  order.      Organ- 
ization-Disorganization. 
mis"-be-come'.     Not   to  become.     Dueness- Undue- 

NESS. 

mis-be-com'-ing.     Inappropriate.        Dueness-Undue- 

NESS. 

mis"-be-got'-ten.  Irregularly  begotten;  despicable. 
Proportion-Deformity,  Virtue- Vice. 

mis"-be-have'.  To  conduct  oneself  improperly.  Due- 
ness-Undueness,  Taste-Vulgarity,  Virtue-Vice. 

mis"-be-hav'-ior.  Improper  conduct.  Innocence- 
Guilt,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Taste-Vulgar- 
ity. 

mis"-be-lief.     False  belief.     Faith-Misgiving. 

mis"-be-lieve'.     Believe  wrongly.     Faith-Misgiving. 

mis"-be-liev'-er.  An  unbeliever.  Credulousness- 
Skepticism. 

mis-cal'-cu-late.  To  judge  wrongly.  Decision-Mis- 
judgment,  Expectation-Surprise,  Prevision-Dis- 
appointment, Truth-Error. 

mis-cal"-cu-la'-tion.  Wrong  estimate.  Decision- 
Misjudgment,  Expectation-Disappointment,  Ex- 
pectation-Surprise. 

mis-call'.     To  name  improperly.     Name-Misnomer. 

mis-car'-ry.     To  fail.     Success-Failure. 

mis"-cel-la'-ne-ous.  Promiscuous.  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity, Universality-Particularity. 

mis'-cel-la-ny.  A  medley;  a  collection  of  compositions 
on  various  subjects.  Gathering-Scattering,  Mix- 
ture-Homogeneity, Universality-Particularity. 

mis-chance'.  A  mishap;  a  misfortune.  Welfare- 
Misfortune. 

mis'-chief.  Harm.  Good-Evil;  do  mischief,  Good- 
ness-Badness; make  mischief,  Goodness-Badness. 

mis'-chief-ma"-ker.  One  who  makes  mischief.  Bene- 
factor-Evildoer, Uprightness-Rogue. 

mis'-chief-ma"-king.  Troublesome.  Goodness-Bad- 
ness. 

mis'-chie-vous.     Harmful.     Goodness-Badness. 

mis'-ci-ble.     Mixable.     Mixture-Homogeneity. 

mis-cite'.  To  cite  wrongly.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

mis-com"-pu-ta'-tion.     Wrong   reckoning      Decision- 

MlSJUDGMENT,  TrUTH-ErROR. 

mis"-com-pute' .     To  compute  wrongly.        Decision- 

MlSJUDGMENT,  TrUTH-ErROR. 

mis"-con-ceive' .  To  interpret  incorrectly;  to  misjudge. 
Interpretation  -  Misinterpretation,  Truth- 

Error. 

tnis"-con-cep'-tion.  Wrong  conception.  Decision- 
Misjudgment. 

mis-con'-duct.  Mismanagement;  bad  behavior.  Inno- 
cence-Guilt, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

mis"-con-duct'-ed .  Wrongly  managed.  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness. 

mis"-con-duct'  one-self.  To  behave  improperly.  Vir- 
tue-Vice. 

mis"-con-jec'-ture.  A  wrong  guess.  Decision-Mis- 
judgment. 

mis"-con-struc'-tion.  Erroneous  interpretation.  In- 
terpretation-Misinterpretation, Truth-Error. 

mis-con-strue' .  To  interpret  erroneously.  Interpre- 
tation-Misinterpretation. 

mis"-cor-rect\  To  fail  to  correct.  Education-Learn- 
ing. 

mis-count'.     To  count  wrongly.     Truth-Error. 

mis'-cre-ance.  Adherence  to  a  false  religious  faith. 
Faith-Misgiving. 

mis'-cre-ant.     A  vile  wretch.     Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

mis"-cre-a'-ted.    Formed  illegitimately.    Virtue-Vice. 

mis-date'.  A  wrong  date.  Chronology-Anachronism. 

mis-da'-ted.  Wrongly  dated.  Chronology-Anach- 
ronism. 

mis-deed'.     An  offense.     Innocence-Guilt. 


mis"-de-mean'.     To  behave  ill.     Virtue- Vicb. 

mis"-de-mean'-ant.  One  guilty  of  misdemeanor.  Goot, 
Man-Bad  Man. 

mis"-de-mean'-or.     Misbehavior.      Innocence-Guilt. 

mis"-de-vo'-tion.  Mistaken  devotion.  Godliness-Un- 
godliness. 

mis"-di-rect'.  To  misteach;  to  give  a  wrong  direction 
to.  Education-Misteaching,  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness. 

mis'-di-rec'-tion.     A   missending.     Skill-Unskilful-i 

NESS. 

mis-do'.     To  do  badly.     Virtue-Vice. 

mis-do'-ing.     A  wrong-doing.     Innocence-Guilt. 

mis-doubt'.     Suspicion.     Faith-Misgiving. 

mise  en  scene  [F.]  (miz  an-  sen).  The  putting  in  prep- 
aration for  a  theatrical  stage.  Acting,  Appear- 
ance-Disappearance, Pomp. 

mis"-em-ploy'.    To  employ  amiss.    Use-Misuse. 

mis"-em-ploy'-ment.  Wrong  employment.  Use-Mis- 
use. 

mi'-ser.     A  niggard.     Extravagance-Avarice. 

miserabile  dicta  [L.]  (miz-e;-ab'-i-li  dic'-tiu).  Horrible 
to  relate.     Jubilation-Lamentation. 

mis'-er-a-ble .  Small;  grievously  unhappy;  sordid. 
Pleasure-Pain. 

mis'-er-a-bly.     Weakly.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

mis-e-re'-re,  sing.  To  chant  mournfully.  Repent- 
ance Obduracy. 

miseric  ndiam ,  argnmenlum  ad  [L.]  (miz-er-i-cor'- 
di-am,  ar-giu-men'-tum  ad).  Argument  to  pity. 
Compassion-Ruthlessness. 

miseris  succurrere  disco  [L]  (miz'-er-is  suc-cur'-rc r-i 
dis'-co).  I  learn  to  help  the  wretched.  Compassion- 
Ruthlessness. 

mi'-ser-ly.  Of  the  disposition  of  a  miser.  Extrava- 
gance-Avarice. 

mis'-er-y.  Wretchedness.  Pleasure-Pain;  miseries 
of  human  life,  Pleasure-Pain;  put  out  of  one's 
misery,  Compassion-Ruthlessness. 

mis-es'-ti-mate.  To  estimate  erroneously.  Decision- 
Misjudgment. 

mis-fea'-sance.  A  trespass;  the  improper  doing  of  a 
lawful   act.     Innocence-Guilt,   Skill-Unskilfll- 

NESS. 

mis-for'-tune.  A  calamity.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Welfare-Misfortune.  , 

mis-giv'-ing.  A  feeling  of  doubt  or  apprehension. 
Faith-Misgiving,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

mis-gov'-ern.    To  govern  ill.    Skill-Unskilfulness. 

mis-guid'-ance.  Evil  influence.  Education-Mis- 
teaching. 

mis-guide'.  To  misteach ;  to  guide  amiss.  Education- 
Misteaching,  Truth -Error,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

mis-guid'-ed.     Led  astray.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

mis-hap'.  Evil  accident;  misfortune.  Good-Evil, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Success-Failure, 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

Mish'-na.  First  part  of  the  Talmud.  Revelation- 
Pseudorevelation. 

mis"-in-form'.  To  give  false  information  to.  Educa- 
tion-Misteaching, Truth-Error.  / 

mis-in"-form-a'-tion.      Wrong   information.      Educa 

TION-MlSTE  ACHING. 

mis"-in-formed'.  Informed  wrongly.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance. 

mis"-in-struct'.  To  instruct  amiss.  Education-Mis- 
teaching. 

mis"-in-struc'-tion.  Wrong  teaching.  Education- 
Misteaching. 

mis"-in-tel'-li-gence.  Misinformation.  Education- 
Misteaching. 

mis"-in-ter'-pret.  Misunderstand.  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation. 


MISINTERPRETATION. 


672 


MISSIVE— PUBLICATION. 


mis"-in-ter"-pre-ta'-tion.  A  mistaken  interpretation. 
Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 

mis"-in-ter'-pret-ed.  Misunderstood.  Interpreta- 
tion-Misinterpretation. 

mis-join'-der.  The  uniting  of  persons  or  things  that 
should  not  be  united.     Harmony-Discord. 

mis-joined'.     Joined  improperly.     Harmony-Discord. 

mis-join'-ing.  Uniting  persons  or  things  that  should 
not  be  united.     Harmony-Discord. 

mis-judge'.     Form  an  erroneous  opinion.      Decision- 

MlSJUDGMENT. 

mis-judged'.  Judged  wrongly.  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment. 

mis-judg'-ing.  Judging  wrongly.  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment. 

mis-judg'-ment.  Wrong  judgment.  Credulousness- 
Skepticism,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Casuistry. 

mis-lay'.  To  lose;  to  derange.  Gain-Loss,  Organi- 
zation-Disorganization. 

mis-lead'.  To  direct  wrongly ;  to  lead  astray.  Educa- 
tion-Misteaching,  Patriotism-Treason,  Ratioc- 
ination-Instinct, Truth-Error,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

mis-lead'-ing.  Leading  astray.  Education-Misteach- 
ing,  Truth-Error. 

mis-like'.     To  dislike.     Desire-Distaste. 

mis-man'-age.    To  manage  unskilfully.    Skill-Unskil- 

FULNESS. 

mis-man'-age-ment.  Improper  management.  Skill- 
Unskilfulness. 

mis-match'.  To  match  unsuitably.  Harmony-Dis- 
cord, Variation. 

mis-matched'.  Not  corresponding.  Harmony-Dis- 
cord. 

mis-name'.  To  give  a  wrong  name  to.  Name-Mis- 
nomer. 

mis-no'-mer.  A  name  wrongly  applied.  Name-Mis- 
nomer. 

mis-og'-a-mist.  A  hater  of  marriage.  Humanitari- 
anism-Misanthropy,  Matrimony-Celibacy. 

mis-og'-a-my.  Hatred  of  marriage.  Matrimony-Celi- 
bacy. 

mis-og'-y-nist.  Hater  of  women.  Matrimony-Celi- 
bacy. 

mis-og'-y-ny.  Hatred  of  women.  Matrimony-Celi- 
bacy. 

mis"-per-sua'-sion.  A  false  persuasion.  Education- 
Misteaching. 

mis-place'.  To  derange.  Organization-Disorganiza- 
tion. 

mis-placed'.  Wrongly  placed.  Conventionality-Un- 
conventionality,  Establishment-Removal,  Har- 
mony-Discord. 

mis-place'-ment.  Mislocation.  Establishment-Re- 
moval. 

mis-pol'-i-cy.     Wrong  policy.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

mis-print'.     A  typographical  error.     Truth-Error. 


mis-pri'-sion.  The  concealment  of  a  crime.  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy, Innocence-Guilt;  misprision  of 
treason,  Insubordination-Obedience,  Patriotism- 
Treason. 

mis-prize'.  To  slight  or  undervalue.  Overvaluation- 
Undervaluation,  Regard-Disrespect. 

mis"-pro-nounce'.  To  pronounce  wrongly.  Speech- 
Inarticulateness. 

mis"-pro-por'-tion.  Wrong  proportion.  Proportion- 
Deformity. 

mis"-prc-por'-tioned.  Ugly;  out  of  due  proportion. 
Beauty-Ugliness,  Proportion-Deformity. 

mis-quote'.  To  quote  wrongly.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

mis-reck'-on.  To  miscalculate.  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment, Truth-Error. 

mis"-re-la'-tion.  Erroneous  relation.  Connection 
Independence. 

mis-rel'-ish.     To  dislike.     Desire-Distaste. 

mis"-re-port'.  To  give  a  false  account  of.  Truth- 
Error,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

mis-rep"-re-sent'.  To  represent  incorrectly  or  falsely. 
Education-Misteaching,  Interpretation-Misin- 
terpretation, Ratiocination-Instinct,  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood. 

mis-rep"-re-sen-ta'-tion.  Untrue  representation;  false 
account.  Delineation-Caricature,  Interpreta- 
tion-Misinterpretation, Truthfulness-Fabrica- 
tion, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

mis-rule'.  Laxity;  disorder.  Rule-License,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness;  lord  of  misrule,  Adept-Bungler. 

miss.  A  girl;  to  want;  to  neglect;  to  fail;  mistake;  a 
kept  mistress.  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity, Desire-Distaste,  Gain-Loss,  In- 
fant-Veteran, Purity-Rake,  Success-Failure, 
Truth-Error;  miss  fire,  Success-Failure;  miss 
one's  aim,  Success-Failure;  miss  one's  way,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Skili.-Unskilfulness;  miss  stays, 
Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

missa  cantata  [L.]  (mis'-sa  can-ta'-ta) .  A  mass  hymn. 
Ceremonial. 

mis'-sal.  The  book  containing  the  mass  service.  Cere- 
monial. 

mis-say'.  To  say  wrongly.  Speech-Inarticulateness, 
Word-Neology. 

mis-send'.     To  send  amiss.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

mis-shape'.    Deformity.     Proportion-Deformity. 

mis-sha'-pen.  Ugly;  deformed.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Proportion-Deformity. 

mis'-sile.  A  weapon  to  be  thrown.  Push-Pull, 
Weapon. 

miss'-ing.  Lost;  wanting.  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Entity-Nonentity,  Presence-Absence. 

mis'-sion.  A  commission;  an  errand.  Commission- 
Abrogation,  Occupation. 

mis'-sion-a-ry.  A  person  sent  to  teach  and  preach.  In- 
structor-Pupil, Ministry-Laity. 

mis'-sive.     A  letter.     Missive-Publication. 


MISSIVE-PUBLICATION. 


Billet.     Short  communication. 

Billet-doux  [F.J.     Love-letter. 

Bulletin.     Announcement  of  news. 

Circular    A  general  letter  addressed  to  a  number  of  people. 

Correspondence.     Communication  by  letters. 

m'£teh.'}  A  special  messase 

Epistle.     A  formal  letter. 

Favor.     Commercial  term  for  letter. 

Letter.     A  written  communication. 

Missive.     A  letter  sent. 

Note.     A  short  communication. 

Post.     Paper  measuring  i85i  by  \<>\i  inches. 

Post-card.     A  card  prepared  by  the  government  for  short  messages. 

Rescript.     The  reply  of  the  pope  on  important  questions. 


Album.     A  printed  compilation. 

Article.     A  short  composition. 

Bibliology.     Biblical  literature;  history  of  books. 

Book.     Literary  composition  of  considerable  length. 

Booklet.     A  small  book. 

Brochure  [F.}.     A  short,  sketch. 

Circular.     A  general  notice  or  advertisement. 

Codex.     An  ancient  manuscript 

Compilation.     A  book  composed  of  materials  gotten  from  various 

sources. 
Cyclopedia.     Encyclopedia 
Duodecimo.     A  book,  twelve  leaves  in  a  sheet. 
Editorial.     Article  written  by  the  editor  of  a  paper. 
Enchiridion.     A  manual  of  devotions. 
Encyclopedia.     A  book  treating  on  subjects  of  knowledge. 


MISSIVE. 


673 


MISUSE. 


MISSIVE— PUBLICATION— Continued. 


Resorption.     A  reply. 
These  presents.     Declaration. 

Missive — Verb. 
Correspond.     To  communicate  by  sending  and  receiving  letters. 

Missive — Verbal  Expressions. 
Correspond  with;    keep  up  a  correspondence;   send  a  letter  to;  write 
to. 

Missive — Adjective. 

Epistolary.     Pertaining  to  letters. 

Missive — Phrase. 
Furor  scribendi  [L.J.     Rage  for  writing. 


PUBLICATION — Associated  Nouns — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Portfolio.     A  portable  case  for  holding  loose  papers. 

Quire.     A  collection  of  24  sheets  of  paper. 

Ream.     A  quantity  of  paper  of  480  sheets. 

Section.     A  distinct  part  or  portion  of  a  book  or  writing. 

Sheet.     A  broad  printed  piece  of  paper. 

The  press.     The  art  or  business  of  printing  and  publishing;  hence, 

printed    publications   taken   collectively,   more   especially  news- 

papers. 

Publication — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Author.     One  who  composes  or  writes  a  book. 
Bibliopole.     One  who  sells  books 
Bibliopolist.     See  Bibliopole. 
Book-seller.     One  who  sells  books. 
Editor.     A  person  who  prepares,  superintends,  revises,  and  corrects 

a  book,  magazine,  or  newspaper  etc.,  for  publication. 
Editress.     A  female  editor. 
Essayist.      V  writer  of  essays. 

Gentlemen  of  the  press.      Persons  connected  with  newspaper  work. 
Grub-street  writer.     A  writer  of  small  productions. 
Hedge  writer.     An  illiterate  or  poor  writer. 

Journalist.     One  whose  business  it  is  to  write  for  a  public  journal. 
Librarian.     One  who  has  charge  of  a  library. 
Literary  hack.     A  man  who  does  any  sort  of  literary  work. 
Litterateur  [F.]     A  literary  man. 
Pen.     Style  of  writing. 
Penny-a-liner.     One  who  furnishes  matter  to  public  journals  for  so 

much  a  line. 
Publisher.     One  who  publishes  books,  etc. 
Reporter.     One  who  gathers  news  for  a  newspaper. 
Representative  of  the  press.     A  reporter- 
Scribbler.     A  writer  of  no  reputation. 
Sub-editor.     An  assistant  editor 
The  scribbling  race.      Writers  of  no  reputation. 
Writer  for  the  press.     One  who  contributes  to  the  public  journals. 


Ephemeris   [Gr.].     Tables   of  the   positions  c*     he  stars  duiinff  a 

period. 
Extra.     An  issue  of  a  paper  outside  of  the  reg-   a<- 
Folio.     A  book  composed  of  sheets  folded  one  .. 
Hand-book.     A  book  of  useful  information  •  a  any  subject. 
Issue.     The  part  of  a  paper  or  book  given  out  at  one  time. 
Libretto  [It.}.     Text  of  a  musical  composition. 
Livraison  [F.].     A  single  section  of  a  book  issued  in  parts. 
Magazine.     A  periodical  containing  miscellaneous  compositionii. 
Manual.     Hand-book. 
Number.     Issue  of  a  periodical. 

Octavo.     A  book  formed  by  folding  a  sheet  to  make  eight  leaves. 
Octo-decimo.     A  book  eighteen  of  whose  leaves  form  a  sheet. 
Opuscle.     A  small  or  unimportant  work. 
Pamphlet.     A  brief  essay . 
Part.     A  portion  of  a  book. 

Periodical.     A  publication  issued  at  certain  intervals. 
Publication.     A  work  printed  and  placed  before  the  public. 
Quarto  or  4to.      A  book  four  of  whose  leaves  make  a  sheet;  a  book 

with  pages  7x8}-^,  or  one  10  x  13  inches  in  size. 
Serial.     Periodical. 
Tome.     A  large  volume. 
Tract.     A  short  religious  or  moral  treatise 
Tractate.     A  short  written  discussion. 
Volume.     One  of  the  several  parts  of  a  complete  work. 
Work.     ' 


k      1 
«,  .^  *     J  Any  written  production. 


Publication — Associated  Nouns. 
Bibliography.     A  history  or  description  of  books  and  manuscripts. 
Bibliotheca.     A  library. 

Bill,     A  paper  printed  or  written  to  advertise  something. 
Book-learning ,  etc.     Knowledge  derived  from  books.     See  Knowl- 

EDGE. 

Broadsheet.     A  sheet  of  paper  containing  one  large  page,  or  printed 

on  one  side  only. 
Chapter.     A  division  of  a  book  or  treatise. 
Clause.     A  separate  portion  of  a  written  paragraph. 
Editorship.     The  office  or  charge  of  an  editor. 
Fly-leaf.     An  unprinted  leaf  at  the  beginning  or  end  of  a  book 
Head.     A  separate  part,  or  topic,  of  a  discourse. 
Knowledge  of  books.     Information  relative  to  editions    contents 

etc.,  of  books. 
Leaf.     A  folded  sheet  containing  two  pages  upon  its  opposite  sides 
Leaflet.     A  little  leaf. 
Library.     A  considerable  collection  of  books  kept  tor  use  and  not  f<  1 

merchandise. 
Page.     One  side  of  a  leaf  of  a  book  or  manuscript. 
Paper.     A  printed  sheet  appearing  periodically. 
Paragraph.     A  distinct  part  of  a  discourse  or  writing 
Passage.     A  portion  of  a  book. 

(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


mis-spell'.  To  spell  erroneously.  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation. 

mis-spend'.     To  squander.    Extravagance-Avarice. 

mis-state'.  To  state  wrongly.  Truth-Error,  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood. 

mis-state'-ment.  An  incorrect  statement.  Truth- 
Error,  Truthfulness-Fabrication,  Truthful- 
ness-Falsehood. 

mist.  Fog;  anything  which  dims.  Diaphaneity-Opal- 
escence,  Luminary-Shade,  Viscidity-Foam;  in  a 
mist,  Enlightenment-Secrecy;  mist  before  the 
eyes,  Sight-Dimsightedness;  mists  of  error,  Truth- 
Error;  seen  through  a  mist,  Clearness-Obscurity. 

mis-take'.  Error;  failure;  to  understand  wrongly.  In- 
terpretation-Misinterpretation, Skill-Unskil- 
fulness,  Success- Failure,  Truth -Error;  never 
was  a  greater  mistake,  Assertion-Denial. 

mis"-teach'.  Instruct  wrongly.  Ratiocination- 
Casuistry. 

mis-teach'-ing.  Erroneous  instruction.  Education- 
Misteaching. 

mis'-ter.     A  title.     Male-Female. 

mis-term'.     To  miscall.     Name-Misnomer. 

mis-think'.  To  have  erroneous  judgment  of.  Deci- 
siox-Misjudgment. 


mis-time'.  Not  to  adapt  to  the  time.  Opportune- 
ness-Unsuitableness. 

mis-timed'.  Inopportune,  Opportuneness-Unsuit- 
ableness. 

mis'-tral.  A  northwest  wind  of  the  Gulf  of  Lyons.  Riv- 
er-Wind. 

mis"-trans-late'.  To  translate  wrongly.  Interpre- 
tation-Misinterpretation. 

mis'-tress .  A  lady ;  possessor ;  master ;  concubine. 
Chief-Underling,  Holder,  Male-Female,  Purity- 
Rake. 

mis-trust'.  Want  of  confidence.  Faith-Misgi\ing, 
Sanguineness-Timidity. 

mist'-y.  Clouded.  Clearness-Obscurity,  Diapha- 
neity-Opaqueness, Dimness,  Visibility-Invisi- 
bility. 

mis-un"-der-stand'.  To  understand  wrongly.  Inter- 
pretation-Misinterpretation, Truth-Error. 

mis-un"-der-stand'-ing.  A  misapprehension;  a  dis- 
agreement. Interpretation-Misinterpretation, 
Truth-Error,  Variance-Accord. 

mis-us'-age.  Misapplication.  Goodness  -  Badness, 
Use-Misuse. 

mis-use'.  Ill-treatment.  Provision-Waste.  Use- 
Misuse. 


MISUSED. 


674 


MIXTURE  -HOMOGENEITY. 


mis-used'.     Misapplied.     Use-Misuse. 

mite.  A  particle;  a  small  coin.  Greatness-Little- 
ness, Magnitide-Smallness,  Money. 

mi'-ter.  The  junction  of  two  bodies;  a  head-dress. 
Angularity,  Un  on-Disunion,  Vestments. 

mith'-ri-date.  An  antidote  against  poison.  Remedy- 
Bane. 

mit'-i-gate.  To  alleviate;  to  make  mild.  Allevia- 
tion-Aggravation, Betterment-Deterioration, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

mit"-i-ga'-tion.  The  act  of  mitigating.  Alleviation- 
Aggravation,  Increase-Decrease,  Justification- 
Charge,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

mi"-traille'.     Shot  used  in  loading  cannon.    Weapon. 


mi"-trail"-leur' .        One  who  operates  a  mitrailleuse. 
Weapon. 

mi"-trail"-leuse'.       Kind     of      breech  -  loading     gun. 
Weapon 

mit'-ten.     A  covering  for  the  hand.     Dress-Undress. 

mit'-ti-raus.    An  order.    Order. 

mix.  To  mingle.  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Organ- 
ization-Disorganization; mix  oneself  up  with,  Ac- 
tion-Passiveness,  Activity-Indolence,  Antago- 
nism -  Concurrence,  Organization  -  Disorganize *f 
tion. 

mixed.     Blended.     Mixture-Homogeneity. 

mix-en.    A  dung-heap.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

mix'-ture.     State  of  being  mixed.       Mixture-Homo- 
geneity; mere  mixture,  Regularity-Irregularity. 


MIXTURE--  HOMOGENEITY. 


Admixuon.j  The  state  or  act  of  mingling  or  mixing;  also,  the  result 
Admixture.)       of  mixing. 

Adulteration.     The  act  of  corrupting  or  debasing  by  foreign  mixture. 
Alloyage.     The  act  or  process  of  alloying  metals. 
Combination,  etc.     The  act  or  process  of  joining  together  persons  or 
things.     See  Composition. 

Commixion.  \  ^    blending  or  mixing  of  ingredients  into  one  com- 

Commixtion.  V  ,        & 

Commixture. ) 

Diffusion.     In  chemistry,  the  process  of  becoming  uniformly  mixed. 

Impregnation.     The  union  or  fusion  of  the  male  germ  cell  with  the 

female  germ  cell  to  form  a  new  cell  with  power  to  develop  into  a 

new  individual. 
Infiltration.     The  act  or  process  of  infiltrating  or  percolating. 
Infusion.     The  act  of  infusing  or  soaking. 
Interlarding.     Inserting  between ;  diversifying  or  mingling. 
Intermixture.     A  mass  of  ingredients  mingled. 
Interpolation,  etc.     The  act  of  inserting  something  spurious.     See 

Environment-Interposition. 
Junction,  etc.     The  act  of  joining  or  combining.     See  Union. 
Matrimony.     The   union  of  a  man  and  woman  in  wedlock;    the 

married  state. 

Mixtion.  I  ,phe  act  oj  mixing  or  mingling  or  the  state  of  being  mixed. 

Mixture.  > 

Seasoning.     Qualifying  by  admixture. 

Sophistication.     The  act  of  adulterating  or  making  worthless  by 

admixture. 
Sprinkling.     The  act  of  one  who  sprinkles  or  scatters  a  liquid  or  the 

like  so  that  it  falls  in  small  particles. 
Suffusion.     The  act  of  overspreading  or  covering  with  a  fluid  or 

tincture. 

Mixture — Nouns  of  Means. 
Caldron.     A  large  kettle  in  which  things  are  mixed  by  boiling. 
Dash.     A  slight  adulteration. 
Smack.     A  slight  flavor. 

Soupcon  [F.§.     A  suspicion ,  hence,  a  very  small  quantity. 
Spice.     A  vegetable  substance  used  to  give  flavor  to  food. 
Sprinkling.     A  small  scattering  quantitv. 
Tincture.     A  solution  of  some  principle  used  in  medicine. 
Tinge.     A  faint  trace  of  color  imbuing  what  is  otherwise  colorless. 
Touch.     A  slight  quality  or  quantity. 

Mixture — Nouns  of  Result. 
Alloy.     The  metal  obtained  from  a  mixture  of  other  metals. 
All  sorts.     A  mass  of  many  different  things. 

Amalgam.     A  mixture  of  mercury  with  some  other  metal  or  metals. 
Ambigu  [F.].     A  feast  consisting  of  a  mixture  of  dishes. 
Cross.     The  result  of  a  mixing  of  breeds  or  stock. 
Gallimaufry.     A  hash  consisting  of  various  kinds  of  meats. 
Griff.     A  mulatto. 
Half-and-half.      A  mixture  containing  as  much  of  one  material  as 

another. 
Half-blood.     One  whose  parents  are  of  different  races. 
Half-caste.     One  born  of  mixed  European  and  Asiatic  blood. 
Hotchpot.     A  confused  mass,  as  of  goods  and  estates- 
Hybrid.     The  offspring  of  the  union  of  two  different  species. 
Jumble.     A  mixture  of  words.     See  Regularity-Irregularity. 
Magma  [L.].     A  crude  mixture  of  organic  or  mineral  matter  in  the 

state  of  paste. 
Mash.     A  mass  of  ingredients  blended  together. 
Medley.     A  musical  composition  of  detached  passages  from  other 

compositions. 
Milange  [F.].     A  medley  or  mixture. 
Mess.     A  confused  or  disorderly  mixture. 


Elimination.     The  act  or  process  of  expelling  or  discharging. 
Homogeneity.     The  sameness  or  uniformity  of  kind  or  nature. 
Purification,  etc.     The  act  or  process  of  making  pure.     See  Clean- 
ness. 
Purity.     The  state  of  being  pure.  * 
Sifting.     See  Verbs. 
Simpleness.     State  of  being  simple.     See  Adjectives. 

Homogeneity — Verbs. 

Bolt.     To  sift  the  bran  from  the  flour;  hence,  to  refine  or  purify. 

Clear.     To  make  free  from  impurities. 

Disentangle,  etc.     To  free  from  confusion;    to  clear  up,  etc.     Sec 

Disunion. 
Eliminate.     To  expel  or  to  set  aside. 
Purify,  etc.     To  make  pure,  etc.     See  Cleanness. 
Render  simple.     See  Adjectives. 
Sift.     To  separate  as  by  a  sieve. 
Simplify.     To  make  simple. 
Winnow.     To  separate  by  means  of  the  wind. 

Homogeneity — Adjectives. 

Clear.     Free  from  mixture  or  obstruction. 

Elementary.     With  but  one  constituent  element;  not  compounded. 

Exclusive.     Tending  to  exclude  or  shut  out. 

Exempt  from.     Free  from. 

Free  from.     Without. 

Homogeneous.     Having  the  same  nature  or  similar  parts. 

Neat.     Free  from  uncleanness  or  disorder. 

Of  a  piece.     Of  the  same  sort  or  kind. 

Pure.     Free  from  mixture  or  extraneous  matter. 

Pur  et  simple  [F.].      Pure  and  simple. 

Sheer.     Unmingled  ,  being  what  it  seems  to  be. 

Simple.     Uncompounded ,   plain. 

Single.     Consisting  of  but  one. 

Unadulterated.     Not  adulterated. 

Unalloyed.     Not  reduced  in  purity  by  mixture. 

Unblended.     Not  commingled. 

TJncombined.     Separate. 

Uncompounded.     Not  formed  of  different  ingredients  or  elements. 

Undecomposed.      Not  dissolved  or  broken  up. 

Unfortified.     Not  strengthened  or  confirmed. 

Uniform.     Being  the  same  throughout. 

Unmingled.     Not  blended  or  mixed. 

Unmixed.     Separate,  distinct. 

Unsophisticated.     Unadulterated    pure. 

Untinged.     Unaffected  by  mixture. 

Homogeneity — Adverbs 
Only.     Simply. 
Simply.     See  Adjectives. 


MIXTURE— Nouns  op  Result — Continued. 

Mingled  yarn.     Tangled  skeins  of  yarn. 

Miscellany.     A  varied  collection  of  literary  compositions. 

Mongrel.     An  animal  of  mixed  breed. 

Mosaic.  A  design  made  by  inlaying  in  patterns  small  pieces  of  dif- 
ferent colored  glass,  stones,  or  the  like. 

Mulatto.     A  person  of  half  white  and  half  negro  blood. 

Noah's  ark.     A  mixture  of  everything, 

Octoroon.  A  person  having  one-eighth  negro  and  seven-eighth* 
white  blood. 

Odds  and  ends.     Fragments  of  different  things. 

Olio.     A  varied  collection  of  musical  compositions. 


MIXTURE. 


675 


MODAL. 


MIXTURE— Nouns  of  Result — Continued. 


OUapodrida    [Sp.].     A  Spanish  dish  consisting  of  several  kinds  of 

meat  and  vegetables  chopped  up  together. 
Omnium  gatherum  [L.J.     A  miscellaneous  collection. 
Pasticcio  [It.].     An  olio  or  medley. 

Patchwork      Work  made  up  of  heterogeneous  materials. 
Pewter.     An  alloy  of  tin  and  lead. 
Potpourri  [F.J-     A  piece  of  music,  consisting  of  different  airs  strung 

together. 
Quadroon.     The  child  of  a  mulatto  and  a  white  person. 
Quarteron.     A  quadroon. 

Mixture 

Adulterate.     To  corrupt  by  the  admixture  of  a  foreign  substance. 

Alloy.     To  reduce  the  purity  of  by  mixture. 

Amalgamate.     To  mix  so  as  to  make  a  uniform  compound;  to  alloy 

with  mercury. 
Associate  with.     To  be  connected  with  in  any  way. 
Attemper.     To  mix  in  proper  proportion. 
Be  entangled  with.     To  be  mixed  up  in. 
Bemingle.     To  mix  or  mingle. 
Be  mixed,  etc.     To  be  joined  closely  together. 
Besprinkle.     To  spread  or  scatter  over. 
Blend.     To  combine  intimately. 

Brew.     To  be  in  a  state  of  preparation  or  to  be  mixing. 
Combine,  etc.     To  join  in  a  close  union,  etc.     See  Composition. 
Commingle.     To  mix  together. 
Commix.     To  mingle  together. 

Compound,     To  unite  into  one  by  a  mixture  of  ingredients. 
Cross.     To  mix  the  breed. 

Dash.     To  adulterate  by  throwing  something  in. 
Get  among.     To  go  into  the  company  of. 
Hash  up.     To  cut  up  into  small  bits. 
Imbue      To  cause  to  imbibe  thoroughly. 
Immix.     To  commingle. 

Impregnate  with.     To  infuse  with  an  active  principle. 
Infect.     To   affect   by   communication,  especially   with   something 

noxious. 
Infiltrate.     To  penetrate  a  substance  gradually  by  means  of  pores. 

Mtxture- 

Composite.     Made  up  of  separate  or  distinct  parts. 

Half-and-half.     Composed  of  equal  parts  of  different  substances. 

Heterogeneous.     Consisting  of  ingredients  of  various  kinds. 

Hybrid.     Produced  by  the  mixture  of  two  species. 

Implex.     Intricate;  complex. 

Indiscriminate.     Lacking  discrimination;  confused 

Linsey-woolsey.     Made  of  linen  and  wool. 


Quinteron.     The  offspring  of  an  octoroon  and  a  white  person. 

Salad.     A  dish  of  a  mixture  of  green  herbs  and  meat. 

Salmagundi.     A  dish  of  chopped  meat,  eggs,  onions,-  etc.,  with  oil, 

vinegar,  and  pepper. 
Sauce.     A  dressing  for  food,  composed  of  several  ingredients. 
Terceron.     A  person  of  one-third  white  blood. 
Tertiumquid  [L.J.     A  third  something. 
Texture.     A  woven  fabric. 
Zambo.     The  child  of  a  mulatto  and  a  negro. 

;— Verbs. 

Infuse.     To  pour  in  or  to  steep. 

Instil.     To  infuse  gradually. 

Interlard,  etc.     To  vary  by  mixture,  etc.     See  Interposition. 

Intermingle.     To  mix  together. 

Intermix.     To  mingle  together. 

Intertwine.     To  unite  by  twisting  one  with  the  other. 

Interweave,  etc.     To  intermingle  in  texture,  etc.     See  Crossing. 

Join,  etc.     To  unite,  etc.     See  Union. 

Knead.     To  work  into  a  mass  with  the  hands. 

Medicate.     To  tincture  with  anything  medicinal. 

Mingle.     To  mix  or  unite  with  so  as  to  form  one. 

Mix.     To  mingle  or  blend  two  or  more  substances  so  as  to  form  one. 

n       j»       *L       \  To  cause  to  form  one  substance. 
Pound  together.) 

Season.     To  mitigate  by  admixture. 

Shuffle,  etc.  To  mix  up  or  confuse,  etc.  See  Organization-Dis- 
organization. 

Sophisticate.     To  corrupt  by  admixture. 

Sprinkle.     To  scatter  on  in  small  particles. 

Stir  up.     To  mix  thoroughly 

Suffuse.     To  cover  over  with  a  color  or  tincture. 

Tincture.  To  impregnate  with  something  foreign,  as  an  odor  or 
color. 

Tinge.     To  modify,  by  mixing  or  by  application  to  the  surface. 

Transfuse.     To  cause  to  be  imbibed. 

■Adjectives, 

Miscellaneous.     Consisting  of  different  kinds  or  things 

Miscible.     That  may  be  mixed. 

Mixed.     See  Verbs.  * 

Mongrel.     Of  mixed  breed. 

Motley,  etc      Made  up  of  different  colors  or  various  parts.     See 

Variegation. 
Promiscuous.     Commingled  without  order  or  distinction. 


Mixture — Adverbs,  etc. 


.     .,'     r  Among  or  mingled  with. 


In  the  crowd.     In  the  number  or  company  of. 
In  the  midst  of.     Surrounded  by. 
With.     In  the  company  of. 


miz'-zle.    Mist-like  rain.    River- Wind. 

mne-mon'-ics.     Science  of  artificial  memory.     Remem- 

BRANCE-FORGETFULNESS. 

Mne-mos'-y-ne.     The   goddess   of   memory.     Remem- 

BRANCE-FORGETPULNESS. 

mne"-mo-tech'-nics.  Science  of  artificial  memory. 
Remembrance-Fokgetfulness. 

moan.  To  cry  or  lament.  Cry-Ululation,  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation. 

moat.  A  ditch  on  the  outside  of  a  fortress  wall.  At- 
tack-Defense, Enclosure,  Groove,  Water- 
course-Airpipe. 

rr.ob.  A  lawless  crowd;  the  lowest  class  of  people.  Ap- 
proval -  Disapproval,  Gathering  -  Scattering, 
Gentility-Commonalty,  Regard-Disrespect;  king 
mob,  Gentility-Commonalty;  mob  cap,  Dress-Un- 
dress; mob  law,  Law-Lawlessness,  Rule-License. 

mo'-bile.  Movable;  sensitive  Movement-Rest,  Mu- 
tability-Stability, Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

mo-bil'-i-ty,  the.  The  mob.  Movement-Rest,  Mu- 
tability-Stability, Reputation-Discredit,  Sen- 
sitiveness-Apathy. 

mo"-bil-i-za'-tion.  An  assembling  of  people.  Fighting, 
Movement-Rest. 


mo'-bil-ize.  To  get  ready  for  active  service.  Move- 
ment-Rest; mobilize  troops,  Fighting-Concilia- 
tion. 

mob-oc'-ra-cy.     Mob  rule.     Rule-License.  ■ 

moc'-ca-sin.     A  foot-covering.     Dress-Undress. 

mock.  To  imitate  exactly;  to  mimic  in  derision;  to 
deceive  by  false  show.  Imitation-Originality, 
Jubilation-Lamentation,  Likeness-Unlikeness, 
Regard-Disrespect,  Society-Derision,  Truth- 
Error,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  mock  danger,  Bra- 
very-Cowardice; mock  modesty,  Society-Affec- 
tation. 

mock'-ery.  Derisive  mimicry ;  a  false  show;  a  delusion. 
Imitation-Originality,  Regard-Disrespect,  So- 
ciety-Derision, Substance-Nullity,  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud; mockery,  delusion,  and  snare,  Rati- 
ocination-Casuistry, Truthfulness-Fraud;  sol- 
emn mockery,  Pomp. 

mock'-ing.    Imitating.    Recurrence. 

mock'-ing-bird" .  A  bird  that  imitates.  Imitation- 
Originality. 

mo'-dal.  Denoting  a  manner.  Condition-Situation, 
Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 


MODE. 


676 


MODERATION— SELFINDULGENCE. 


mode.  State;  method;  common  fashion ;  the  scale;  a 
verb  form  used  to  express  action,  etc.  Condition- 
Situation,  Habit  -  Desuetude,  Melody  -  Disso- 
nance, Society-Ludicrousness,  Way;  imperative 
mode,  Verb;  indicative  mode,  Verb;  infinitive  mode, 
Verb;  mode  of  expression,  Style;  participial  mode, 
Verb;  potential  mode,  Verb;  subjunctive  mode, 
Verb. 

mod?,  &  la  [F.]  (mod,  a  la).  In  fashion.  Society-Lu- 
dicrousness. 

mod'-el.  A  copy ;  rule ;  perfection ;  pattern ;  an  exam- 
ple for  imitation.  Copy-Model,  Delineation-Cari- 
cature, Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Form-Form- 
lessness, Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Sculpture,  Uni- 
formity-Multiformity ;  model  after,  Imitation- 
Originality;  model  condition,  Uniformity-Multi- 
formity; new  model,  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Revolution. 


mod'-el-er.     One  who  models.     Artist. 

mod'-er-ate.  Within  reasonable  limits  or  control; 
calm;  to  allay;  cheap.  Costliness-Cheapness, 
Enough,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Moderation- 
Selfindulgence,  President-Member,  Swiftness- 
Slowness,  Turbulence-Calmness;  moderate  cir- 
cumstances, Mediocrity. 

mod'-er-ate-ly.  In  a  moderate  degree.  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness, Turbulence-Calmness. 

mod"-er-at'-ing.  Restraining.  Turbulence  -  Calm- 
ness. 

moderatio,  adhibenda  est  in  jocando  [L.]  (mod-er-e'- 
shi-o,  ad-hib-en'-da  est  in  k)-can'-do).  Moderation 
is  to  be  observed  in  joking.    Wittiness-Dulness. 

mod"-er-a'-tion.  State  of  being  moderate;  calmness 
of  mind.  Excitation,  Harshness-Mildness,  Mag- 
nitude-Smallness, Moderation-Selfindulgence, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 


MODERATION— SELFINDULGENCE— VOLUPTUARY. 


Abnegation.     Renunciation. 

Abstemiousness.     The  quality  of  being  temperate. 

Abstinence.     Practise  of  temperance. 

Encratism.  Practise  of  Encratites;  abstinence  from  wine,  animal 
food,  and  marriage. 

Forbearance.     Control  of  temper. 

Frugality.     A  temperate  expenditure. 

Moderation.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  temperate. 

Nephalism.     Total  abstinence  from  spirituous  liquors. 

Pythagorism.     The  doctrine  of  Pythagoras. 

Self-control.     Self-restraint.     See  Determination. 

Self-denial.     Temperance  in  one's  desires. 

Self-restraint.     Restraint  or  control  over  self. 

Sobriety.     Habitual  temperance. 

Stoicism.  The  maxims  of  the  Stoics  wherein  they  professed  tem- 
perance and  studied  indifference  to  either  pleasure  or  pain. 

System  of  Cornaro.    Extreme  frugality  of  diet.     [French.] 

System  of  Pythagoras.  A  Greek  system  of  philosophy  founded  by 
Pythagoras. 

Teetotalism.     The  principles  of  teetotalers.     See  Nouns. 

Temperance.     Moderation,  particularly  "in  the  natural  appetites. 

Total  abstinence.  Refraining  absolutely  from  the  use  of  spirituous 
liquors. 

Vegetarianism.    The  practise  of  living  solely  upon  vegetables. 

Moderation — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Abstainer.     One  who  refrains  from  the  use  of  liquors;  a  teetotaler. 
Gymnosophist.     One  of  a  sect  of  ancient  Hindu  philosophers  who 

renounced  the  world  and  lived  in  abstinence  and  contemplation. 
Pythagorean.     A  follower  of  Pythagoras,   the  founder  of  Italian 

philosophy. 
Teetotaler.     A  total  abstainer.     See  Teetotalism. 
Vegetarian.     A  man  who  abstains  from  eating  meat. 

Moderation — Verbs. 

Abstain.     To  exercise  temperance. 

Be  temperate.     See  Adjectives. 

Deny  oneself.     To  decline  to  gratify  one's  appetites. 

Forbear.     To  abstain  from. 

Know  when  one  has  had  enough.     To  know  enough  to  stop  drinking 

before  becoming  intoxicated. 
Refrain.  To  forbear;  abstain. 
Spare.  To  refrain  from  using. 
Take  the  pledge.     To  promise  to  drink  no  intoxicating  liquor. 

Moderation — Adjectives. 

Abstemious.     Eating  and  drinking  temperately. 
Abstinent.     Totally  abstaining,  as  from  intoxicants. 
Frugal.     Marked  by  economy. 
Measured.     See  Enough. 
Moderate.     Keeping  within  temperate  limits. 
Pythagorean.     Of  the  philosophy  of  Pythagoras. 
Sober.     Even-tempered. 
Sparing.     Frugal. 
Teetotal.     Of  total  abstinence. 

Temperate.  Observing  moderation  and  self -control,  particularly  in 
the  case  of  intoxicants. 

Vegetarian .     Relating  to  vegetarianism      See  Nouns. 

Within  compass.     Within  moderation. 


Amativeness.     Great  propensity  to  sexual  love. 

Animalism.     The  state  of  animals;  actuated  only  by  sensual  impulse. 

Carnality.     Lusts  after  the  flesh;  sensuality. 

Crapulence.     Drunkenness;  the  illness  caused  by  intemperance. 

Debauchery.     Intemperance  in  sensual  pleasures. 

Dissipation.     Intemperate  indulgence. 

Effeminacy.     Indulgence  in  unmanly  pleasures. 

Epicureanism.     Devotion  to  luxurious  and  intemperate  habits. 

Epicurism.     Luxury;  sensuality.     [Epicurus,  Greek  philospher.j 

Excess.     Going  out  of  bounds. 

Free  living.     Unrestrained  indulgence  of  the  appetites. 

High  living.     Intemperate  living. 

Inabstinence.     Want  of  abstinence.     See  Abstinence. 

Indulgence.     Freedom  to  the  desires. 

Intemperance.     Want  of  moderation;  excessive  indulgence. 

Lap  of  luxury.    Condition  fostered  by  indulgence.   [Miss  Edgeworth, 

Moral  Tales. J 
Lap  of  pleasure.     Condition  fostered  in  pleasure. 
Licentiousness.     See  Adjectives. 

Luxuriousness.     State  or  quality  of  being  luxurious. 
Luxury.     A  free  indulgence  in  the  gratification  of  the  desires. 
Pleasure.     Gratification  of  the  desires. 
Self-indulgence.     Free  indulgence  of  one's  desires. 
Sensuality.     Free  indulgence  of  the  carnal  desires. 
Silkiness.     Softness;  effeminacy. 

Sybaritism.     The  practise  of  effeminacy.    [Sybaris,  an  Italian  city. J 
Too  much.     Overindulgence  in  intoxicants  and  otherwise. 
Voluptuousness.     See  Adjeciives. 

Selfindulgence — Denotations, 

Carousal.     An  occasion  of  riotous  revelry. 

Debauch.     An  act  or  season  of  excessive  indulgence  of  the  appetites 

Drinking-bout.     A  season  of  drinking  or  carousing. 

Jollification.     An  act  or  occasion  of  festivity. 

Orgies.     Wild  or  wanton  revelry. 

Revelry,     Noisy,  riotous  festivity. 

Revels.     An  occasion  of  excessive  festivity. 

Saturnalia.     The  festival  of  Saturn,  a  period  of  noisy  revelry  and 

indulgence. 
Wassail.     A  drinking-bout. 

Selfindulgence — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Circean  cup.     Named  after  Circe,  the  Greek  sorceress;  hence,  fasci. 

nating  but  poisonous  and  evil,  as  intoxicants. 
Hashish.     An  intoxicating  preparation  from  Indian  hemp, 

Selfindulgence — Verbs. 
Be  intemperate.     See  Adjectives. 
Exceed.     To  go  beyond  proper  bounds. 
Give  a  loose  to  indulgence.     See  Nouns. 
Indulge.     To  yield  without  restraint. 

Live  hfh*}  To  live  intemPerately- 

Live  on  the  fat  of  the  land.     To  live  luxuriously. 

Pamper.     To  satiate  without  regard  to  temperance. 

Plunge  into  dissipation.     To  rush  into  intemperance. 

Rake.     To  lead  an  intemperate,  debauched  life. 

Revel.     To  feast  intern perately. 

Run  riot.     To  act  without  control. 

Slake  one's  appetite.     To  decrease  one's  hunger 


MODERATION. 


677 


MODIFICATION. 


MODERATION— SELFINDULGENCE— C<m/*nH*<*. 


Appetitus   rationi   obediant    [L.]. 

[Cicero,  Officios,  i,  29,  102. Q 
Trahit  sua  quemque  voluptas   [L.J 

man.     [Virgil,  Eclogues,  2,  65.3 


M  od  e  R  a  t  ion  — Phrases . 

Let  appetite    obey    the    reason. 

His  own    pleasure  draws  each 


SELFINDULGENCE— Adjectives— Continued  from  Column  2. 

Luxurious.     Pertaining  to  luxury.     See  Nouns. 

Nursed  in  the  lap  of  luxury.     Addicted  to  luxury 

Pampered.     Indulged  intemperately. 

Paphian.     Pertaining  to  Paphos,  a  city  sacred  to  Aphrodite;  hence, 

belonging  to  Aphrodite  or  her  rites. 
Piggish.     Acting  like  a  pig;  greedy. 
Rakish.     Dissolute;  dissipated. 
Self-indulgent.     See  Nouns. 
Sensual.     Intemperate  in  the  animal  nature. 
Swinish.     Greedy,  like  swine;  gross. 
Sybaritical.     Luxurious. 

Voluptuous.     Pertaining  to  sensual  pleasures. 
Wild.     Intemperate  in  conduct. 

MODERATION- 
Voluptuary. 
Carpet  knight.     A  knight  who  has  not  known  the  hardships  of  the 

field. 
Epicure.     One  devoted  to  sensual  enjoyments. 
Epicurean.      A  believer  that  happiness   is  man's  chief   end,    like 

Epicurus. 
Free  liver.   One  who  lives  in  the  free  enjoyment  of  sensual  pleasures. 

^rr[F[aF1}Agiutton;anepicure- 

Hard  liver.     One  who  devotes  life  to  the  pursuit  of  sensual  pleasures. 
Heliogabalus.     Emperor  of  Rome  and  a  notorious  debauchee. 
Hog.     One  who  has  the  greediness  of  a  hog  for  sensual  enjoyment. 


SELFINDULGENCE— Verbs— Continued. 

Slake  one's  thirst.     To  decrease  one's  thirst. 

Sow  one's  wild  oats.     To  practise  youthful  excesses. 

Swill.     To  drink  intemperately. 

Wallow  in  voluptuousness.     See  sub  Adjectives. 

* 
Selfindulgence — Adjectives. 

Bred  in  the  lap  of  luxury.     Reared  luxuriously. 
Brutish.     Of  the  nature  of  a  brute;  gross;  carnal. 
Crapulous.     Ill  by  intemperance.  s 

Debauched.     Given  to  intemperance.  C 

Dissolute.     Given  to  vice  and  intemperance. 
Epicurean.     One  given  to  sensual  pleasures. 
Fast.     Dissipated;  intemperate. 
Full-fed.     Fed  to  fulness. 

Inabstinent.     Wanting  abstinence.     See  Nouns. 
Indulged.     Humored  to  excess. 

Intemperate.     Given  to  excessive  use  of  alcoholic  drinks. 
Licentious.     Intemperate  in  sensual  indulgences. 
{Continued  on  Column  1.) 

-VOLUPTUARY. 

Libertine.     One  who  leads  a  life  devoted  to  sensual  pleasures  without 

restraint.     See  Purity-Rake. 
Man  of  pleasure.     One  who  indulges  freely  in  sensual  pleasures  to 

the  exclusion  of  all  else. 
Pig.     See  Hog.     [Horace,  Epistles,  I,  iv,  15.] 
Sardanapalus.     A  licentious  king  of  Assyria. 
Sensualist.     One  unduly  indulgent  to  his  animal  appetites. 
Swine  of  Epicurus.    A  hoggish  eater.    "The  fattest  hog  in  Epicurus' 

sty."     [W.  Mason.] 
Sybarite.     An  epicure. 

Voluptuary.     One  addicted  to  sensual  pleasures. 
Votary  of  Epicurus.     One  who  lives  for  pleasure  alone. 


morT'-er-a'-to.     Moderately.     Music. 
mod'-er-a"-tor.     One  who  or  that  which  restrains  or 
regulates;     the  presiding  officer  of  a  meeting.     Lu- 
minary-Shade,  Manager,   Mediator,   President- 
Member,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

mod'-ern.     Not  ancient.     Novelty-Antiquity. 
mod'-ern-ism.     A     modern     practise.     Novelty-An- 
tiquity. 
mod'-ern-ize.     Render  modern.     Novelty-Antiquity. 
mod'-est.     Unassuming.     Conceit-Diffidence,   Mag- 
nitude-Smallness,  Purity-Impurity. 

mod'-es-ty.  State  of  being  modest ;  decent  propriety. 
Conceit  -  Diffidence,  Overvaluation  -  Under- 
valuation, Purity-Impurity,  Selfrespect-Hum- 
bleness;  mock  modesty,  Society-Affectation. 

mod'-i-cum.  A  little.  Assignment,  Magnitude- 
Smallness. 

mod'-i-fi"-a-ble.  Changeable.  Mutation-Permanence. 

mod"-i-fi-ca'-tion.  Variation;  qualification.  Devia- 
tion, Modification,  Mutation-Permanence,  Va- 
riation. 

MODIFICATION. 

Allowance.     Concession. 

Coloring.     Misrepresentation. 

Condition.     A  necessary  state  or  fact. 

Consideration.     Regard. 

Discount.     Lack  of  credence. 

Exception.     A  taking  out. 

Exemption.     A  freeing  from. 

Extenuating  circumstances.  Circumstances  that  modify  or  diminish 
the  gravity  of. 

Grains  of  allowance.     Modifying  circumstances. 

Limitation.     Restricting  condition. 

Modification.     Change;   variation. 

Proviso.     A  modifying  condition. 

Qualification.     A  limiting  exception. 

Salvo.     A  saving  clause. 

Saving  clause.     A  clause  that  modifies  or  limits. 

Modification — Verbs. 
Allow.     To  take  into  account. 
Leaven.     To  imbue. 


Limit.     To  set  bounds  to. 

Modify.     To  change  or  alter. 

Qualify.     To  make  modifying  exceptions. 

Modification — Verbal  Expressions. 

Admit  exceptions;  give  a  color  to ;  introduce  new  conditions;  make 
allowance  for;  take  exception;  take  into  account. 

Modification — Adjectives. 

Conditional.     Subject  to  conditions. 

Contingent.     Depending  on  some  uncertain  future  event.     See  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt. 
Exceptional.     Implying  an  exception. 
Hypothetical.     Assumed  for  the  sake  of  argument. 
Qualifying.     Having  a  modifying  condition.     See  Verbs. 

Modification — Adverbs  tetc. 

According  as.     Just  as. 

Admitting.     Granting  that. 

After  all.     All  things  considered. 

Although.     Notwithstanding. 

At  all  events.     Even  though. 

But.     With  the  exception  of. 

Conditionally.     With  limitations. 

Cum  grano  salis  [L.fl.     With  a  grain  of  salt. 

Even.     So  much  as. 

Exceptis  excipiendis  [L.fl.     Exceptions  having  been  mad*. 

For  all  that.     Granting  that. 

If.     Provided  that. 

If  possible.     See  Possibility. 

On  the  supposition.     If  that  happens. 

Provided.     Conditionally. 

Provided  always.     Always  excluding  that. 

Subject  to.     Limited. 

Supposing.     Assuming  as  true. 

Though.     Granted  thatt 

Unless.     If  it  be  not  a  fact  that. 

Wind  and  weather  permitting.     Subject  to  conditions. 

With  grains  of  allowance.     Excepting. 

With  the  understanding.)      .  in  limiution.     g^  Nmkx 

With  this  proviso.  > 

Vet.     Even. 


MODIFIABLE. 


678 


MONEY. 


mod'-i-fy.  Change.  Modification,  Mutation-Perma- 
nence. 

mo-dil'-lion.     Bracket.     Architecture. 

mo'-dish.     Fashionable.     Society-Ludicrousness. 

mod'-u-late.     Vary.     Mutation-Permanence. 

mod"-u-la'-tion.  A  change  of  key.  Melody-Disso- 
nance, Mutation-Permanence. 

mod'-ule.     A  model.     Copy-Model. 

mod'-u-lus.     A  coefficient.     Number. 

modus  operandi  [L.]  (mo'-dus  op-er-an'-dai).  Manner 
of  operation.     Agency,  Conduct,  Way. 

modus  eperandi  in  rebus  [L.]  (mo'-dus  op-er-an'-dai  in 
ri'-bus).  Mode  of  operation  in  affairs.  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

Mo'-gul.  An  important  personage.  Chief-Under- 
ling. 

Mo-ham'-med-an.  A  follower  of  Mohammed.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. t 

Mo'-hawk.  A  lawless  person.  Benefactor-Evildoer, 
Brawler. 

Mo'-hock.    A  lawless  person.    Benefactor-Evildoer. 

moi'-der.  To  bewilder;  to  confuse.  Certainty-Doubt, 
Heed-Disregard. 

moi'-e-ty.     A  share.     Doubling-Halving. 

moil.  To  drudge;  to  toil.  Activity-Indolence,  Toil- 
Relaxation. 

moi  pou  sto  kai  tan  gan  kinaso,  dos  [Gr.]  (moy  pu  sto 
km  tan  gan  kin-a'-so,  dos).  Give  trie  where  I  may 
stand  and  I  will  move  the  earth.    Might-Impotence. 

moist.     Damp.     Dampness-Dryness. 

mois'-ten.     Dampen.     Dampness-Dryness. 

moist'-ness.     Humidness.     Dampness-Dryness. 

mois'-ture.  Sensible  wetness.  Dampness-Dryness, 
Viscidity-Foam,  Water-Air. 

mokes.     The  meshes  of  a  net.     Crossing. 

mo-las'-ses.     A  sweet  syrup.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

mold,  molder,  moldy,  etc.  See  Mould,  Moulder, 
Mouldy,  etc. 

mole.  A  breakwater;  a  spot;  a  harbor.  Attack- 
Defense,  Convexity-Concavity,  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement,  Height-  Lowness,  Refuge-Pit- 
fall. 

mo-lec'-u-lar.  Consisting  of  molecules.  Greatness- 
Littleness,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

mol-e-cule.  A  small  particle.  Chemistry,  Greatness- 
Littleness,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

mole'-hill".  A  little  elevation  made  by  a  mole;  an 
insignificant  obstacle.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance,  Greatness-Littleness,   Height-Lowness. 

mo-lest'.  To  disturb  injuriously.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

mol"-es-ta'-tion.  Act  of  molesting.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Goodness-Badness,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness. 

mol'-lah.    A  judge;  a  priest.    Judge,  Ministry-Laity. 

tnollia  tempora  [L.]  (mol"-li-a  tem'-por-a) .  Favorable 
opportunities.     Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

mouia  tempora  fandi  [L.]  (mol"-li-a  tem'-por-a  fan'-dai) . 
Favorable  opportunities  for  speaking.  Conversa- 
tion-Monologue. 

mol"-li-fi-ca'-tion.     Mitigation.     Hardness-Softness. 

mol'-li-fy.  To  soften;  allay.  Hardness-Softness, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

mol-lus'-cous.    Pertaining  to  Mollusca.    Fauna-Flora. 

mol'-lusk.     An  invertebrate  animal.     Fauna-Flora. 

mol'-ly-cod"-dle.  An  effeminate  man.  Might-Impo- 
tence. 

Mol'-ly  Ma-guire'.  One  of  a  lawless  secret  society. 
Tyranny-Anarchy. 

Mo'-loch.  A  god  of  the  Phenicians;  any  pernicious 
influence.  Jove-Demon,  Life-Killing,  Revela- 
tion-Pseudorevelation. 

mol'-ten.     Melted.     Heating-Cooling. 

mo'-ment.     An  instant;  consequence.     Consequence- 


Insignificance,  Duration-Neverness,  Eternity. 
Instantaneity;  for  the  moment,  Lastingness- 
Transientness;  lose  not  a  moment,  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Hurry-Leisure;  not  have  a  moment,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence; on  the  spur  of  the  moment,  Pre- 
determination-Impulse. 

mo'-men-ta-ry.  Lasting  but  a  short  time.  Eternity- 
Instantaneity,  Lastingness-Transientness. 

mo-men'-tous.      Weighty.      Consequencb-Insignifi- 

CANCE. 

mo-men'-tum.     Impetus.     Impetus-Reaction. 
Mo'-mus.     God  of  mockery.     Jubilation-Lamenta 

TION. 

mon'-a-chal.     Monkish.     Church. 

mon'-a-chism.     Monasticism.     Church. 

mon'-a-chy.     The  monastic  manner  of  life.     Church. 

mon'-ad.    An  ultimate  atom.    Greatness-Littleness. 

mon'-arch.     A  sole  ruler.     Chief-Underling. 

mon-ar'-chic-al.  Pertaining  to  a  monarch.  Rule- 
License. 

mon'-arch-y.  Government  by  a  monarch.  Rule- 
License. 

mon'-as-ter-y.     A  house  of  religious  retirement.    Fane. 

mon-as'-tic.    Pertaining  to  religious  seclusion.  Church. 

mon'-e-ta-ry.  Pecuniary.  Accounts,  Money;  mone- 
tary arithmetic,  Accounts. 

mon'-ey.  Wealth;  coin.  Affluence-Penury,  Money; 
bad  money,  Money';  command  of  money,  Affluence- 
Penury;  for  one's  money,  Choice-Neutrality; 
made  of  money,  Affluence-Penury;  make  money, 
Gain-Loss;  money  burning  one's  pocket,  Extrava- 
gance-Avarice; money  coming  in,  Outlay-Income; 
money  down,  Settlement-Default;  money  going 
out,  Outlay-Income;  money  market,  Money;  money 
matters,  Accounts;  money  paid,  Outlay-Income; 
money's  worth,  Costliness-Cheapness,  Price,  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness;  raise  money,  Loan-Borrow- 
ing; save  money,  Generosity-Frugality;  throw 
away  one's  money,  Extravagance-Avarice. 

MONEY. 

Assets,  etc.    The  property  of  an  insolvent  debtor  applicable  to  the 

payment  of  his  debts.     See  Property. 
Base  coin.     Counterfeit  coin. 

Capital.     Accumulated  money  invested  in  productive  enterprises. 
Cash.     Money  in  hand. 
Change.     Small  coins  collectively. 
Circulating  medium.     The  current  money. 

Coin.     A  piece  of  metal  stamped  by  the  authority  of  the  government. 
Currency.     Money  in  circulation  as  a  medium  of  trade. 
Doit.     A  small  copper  coin  used  in  Holland. 
Dollar.     The  standard  monetary  unit  of  the  United  States,  equal  to 

ioo  cents. 
Earning.     Money  obtained  for  labor. 
False  money.     Counterfeit  money. 
Farthing.     The   smallest  English  monetary  unit,  of   the  value  ot 

one-fourth  of  a  penny. 
Funds.     A  sum  of  money;  resources. 
Good  sum.     A  large  sum  of  money. 
Groat.    A  small  English  silver  coin. 
Guinea.     An  English  monetary  unit  equal  to  21  shillings. 
£.  s.  d.    Abbreviations  for  pound,  shilling,  and  pence.  [Libra,  solidi 

denarii.\ 
Lac  of  rupees.     The  sum  of  100,000  rupees,  about  $50,000. 
Louis  (for  [F.J.     An  old  gold  coin  of  France. 
Mite.     A  small  sum  of  money. 
Money.     The  common  medium  of  exchange. 
Money  in  hand.     Ready  money. 
Necessary  money.     Money  for  personal  expenses. 
Penny.     An  English  coin  equal  to  one-twelfth  of  a  shilling;  a  c«nt. 
Petty  cash.     Money  of  small  denominations. 
Piece.     A  coin. 

Pin  money.     Money  for  personal  expenses  for  women. 
Pocket  money.     Money  for  personal  expenses. 
Pounds,  shillings,  and  pence.     English  monetary  units. 
Proceeds,  etc.     Sum  derived  from  the  disposal  of  goods.    Se«  Ovr> 

LAY. 

Ready  money.     Money  in  hand. 


MONEY. 


679 


MONEY-MAKING. 


Remittance,  etc.     Money  sent  for  the  payment  of   a  debt.     See 

Settlement. 
Rouleau  [F.].     A  roll  of  coin. 
Round  sum.     A  large  sum  of  money. 

Shilling.     An  English  monetary  unit  equal  to  about  25  cents. 
Small  coin.     Change. 

Sou  [F.].     A  French  coin  equal  to  one  cent. 
Specie.     Coin  issued  by  the  government  as  current  money. 
Sterling  coin.     Coin  of  accepted  worth. 

Stiver.     A  small  coin,  used  in  the  Netherlands  worth  about  two  cents. 
Stock.     Money  invested  in  trade. 
Supplies.     The  amount  of  a  commodity  available  for  meeting  a 

demand. 
Tael.     A  Chinese  monetary  unit. 
Treasure.     Accumulated  riches. 
Wampum       Indian  money. 
Wealth,  etc.     A  great  abundance  of  anything  valuable.     See  Apflu- 

ENCE. 

Money — Paper  Money ,  etc. 

Assignat  [F.[J.     A  note  issued  by  the  French  Revolutionary  govern- 
ment. 
Bank-note.     A  promissory  note  issued  by  a  bank  as  a  circulating 

medium. 
Bill.     A  bank  or  government  note  issued  as  money. 
Bill  of  exchange.     A  written  order  from  one  person  to  another  for  the 

payment  of  money  to  a  third. 
Bond.     A  written  obligation  under  seal,  in  which  a  person  binds 

himself  to  pay  to  another  a  certain  sum  of  money  at  a  specified 

time. 
Check.  1  An  order  in  writing  upon  a  bank  for  the  payment  of  money 
Cheque.)       to  some  designated  person  or  order. 
Coupon.     A  dated  certificate  attached,  as  to  a  bond,  representing 

interest  accrued  and  payable. 
Debenture.     An  instrument  of  the  nature  of  a  bond,  given  as  an 

acknowledgment  of  debt. 
Draft.     An  order  drawn  by  one  person  on  another  for  the  payment 

of  money  to  a  third. 
Exchequer  bill.     An  interest -bearing  obligation  issued  by  a  govern- 
ment for  the  repayment  of  money  temporarily  advanced. 
Greenback.     A  legal    tender  note  of  the  United  States,   so  called 

because  the  back  is  printed  in  green. 
I  0  U.     A  paper  having  on   it  these  letters,  meaning  I  owe  you, 

followed  by  a  named  sum  and  duly  signed. 
Money-order.    An  order  for  the  payment  of  a  specified  sum  of  money. 
Note.     A  signed  promise  to  pay  a  stated  sum  of  money  at  a  specified 

time. 
Note  of  hand.  A  written  engagement  to  pay  a  certain  sum  of  money 

at  a  certain  time. 
Order.     A  written  instrument  directing  the  payment  of  money. 
Paper  money.     Paper  stamped  with  the  stamp  of  the  government 

and  used  as  money. 
Post-office  order.    An  order  from  one  post-office  to  another  directing 

the  payment  of  money. 
Promissory  note.     A  note  or  promise  to  pay  a  sum  of  money  at  a 

specified  time. 
Warrant.     A  written  order  authorizing  the  payment  of  money. 

Money — Nouns  of  Material. 

Bullion.     Uncoined  gold  or  silver. 

Copper.     A  metal  from  which  minor  coins  are  made. 

Gold.     A  precious  metal  of  which  the  highest  valued  coins  are  made. 

Ingot.     A  mass  of  gold  or  silver  prepared  for  coining. 

Nugget.     A  lump  of  precious  metal  found  in  a  free  state. 

Precious  metals.     Gold  and  silver. 

Silver.     One  of  the  precious  metals  of  which  coin  is  made. 

Money — Associated  Nouns. 

Accounts.  A  record  or  statement  of  debits  and  credits.  See  Ac- 
counts. 

\mount.     The  sum  total  of  quantities. 

Balance.  The  difference  between  the  debit  and  credit  totals  of  an 
account. 

Balance-sheet.  A  statement  in  tabular  form  to  show  assets  and 
liabilities. 

Coiner.     One  who  coins  money. 

Credit,  etc.  The  degree  of  confidence  in  a  person  to  fulfil  financial 
obligations.     See  Credit. 

Drawee.     The  person  upon  whom  another  draws  a  bill  of  exchange. 

Drawer.     One  who  draws  a  bill  of  exchange. 

Exchequer.     The  treasury  of  a  state. 

Finance.     The  management  of  money  and  of  monetary  affairs. 

Liability,  etc.     That  sum  for  which  one  is  responsible.     See  Credit. 

Moneyer.     A  coiner  of  money. 


Honey  market     The  field  for  the  employment  or  investment  of 

money. 
Money  matters.     Matters  in  which  money  is  a  consideration. 
Obligee.     The  person  in  whose  favor  a  bond  or  other  obligation  is 

entered  into. 
Obligor.     The  person  who  is  bound  to  perform  an  obligation 
Payee.     A  person  to  whom  money  has  been  or  is  to  be  paid. 
Tester.     An  officer  of  a  mint  who  tests  bullion  and  coin. 

Money — Figurative  Nouns. 
Almighty  dollar.     Money  considered  as  an  irresistible  power  and  an 

object  of  devotion.     [Washington  Irving,  The  Creole  Village.\ 
Argumentum  ad  crutnenam  [L.].     An  argument  to  the  purse. 
Blunt.     Ready  money. 
Breeches  pocket.     Money. 
Chink.     Cash. 

Coffers.     Financial  resources. 
Dust. .  Cash  or  money. 
Flash  note.     A  note  of  doubtful  value. 
Hard  cash.     Money. 

Kite.     A  commercial  paper  of  doubtful  value. 
Mopus.     Money. 
Needful.     Cash. 
Plum.     A  fortune. 
Pocket.     Money. 
Power  of  money.     Resources. 
Purse.     Money. 

Rap.     A  debased  coin;  an  Irish  rapparee. 
Rhino.     Money. 
Salt.     Cash. 

Sinews  of  war.     Financial  resources. 
Slip.     A  counterfeit  silver  coin. 
Tin.     Coin. 

Ways  and  means.     Financial  resources. 
Wherewithal.     Money. 

Money — Scientific  Nouns, 
Chrysology.     That  branch  of  political  economy  which  relates  to  the 

production  of  wealth. 
Numismatics.     The  science  of  coins. 

Money — Verbs. 
Amount  to.     To  reach  an  aggregate. 
Come  to. 
Discount,  etc.     To  purchase  notes  below  face  value.     See  Price. 

D    w'i  I  To  issue  an  order  for  the  payment  of  money. 

Indorse,  etc.     To  sign  in  order  to  give  security.     See  Security. 

Issue.     To  send  forth  by  official  authority. 

Mount  up  to.     To  rise  to. 

Touch  the  pocket.     To  take  one's  money. 

Utter.     To  deliver  or  offer  to  deliver  a  counterfeit  coin  as  genuine. 

Money — Adjectives. 
Crumenal.     Pertaining  to  a  purse. 
Economic.     Pertaining  to  money  matters  or  wealth. 
Financial.     Pertaining  to  or  concerning  money  matter*. 
Fiscal.   (  Pertaining  to  the  government  treasury. 
Monetary.     Pertaining  to  money. 
Numismatical.     Pertaining  to  the  science  of  coins. 
Pecuniary.     Referring  to  money. 
Sterling.     Of  accepted  value ;  genuine. 
Sumptuary.     Pertaining  to  expense. 

Money — Phrases. 

Argent  comptant  [F.J.     Ready  money. 

Barbarus  ipse  placet  dummodo  sit  dives  [L.J.  Provided  only  he  it 
rich,  a  very  barbarian  pleases.     [Ovid,  Art  of  Lovet  ii,  276.J 

Nervos  belli  pecuniam  infinitam  [L.J.  The  sinews  of  war  are  un- 
limited money.     [Cicero  Philippics,  5,  2,  5. J 

mon'-ey-bag".     A  purse.     Treasury. 
mon'-ey-box".     Box  for  holding  money.     Treasury. 
mon'-ey-bro"-ker.     A  dealer  in  money.     Dealer. 
mon'-ey-chan"-ger.     One  who  changes  money  at  a 

given  rate.     Dealer,  Treasurer. 
mon'-eyed.     Wealthy.     Affluence-Penury,  Money. 
mon'-ey-er.     A  coiner  of  money.     Dealer. 
mon'-ey-grub"-bing.      Contemptible     money-making. 

Gain-Loss. 
mon'-ey-less.     Impecunious.     Affluence-Penury. 
mon'-ey-ma'-king.     Bent  upon  accumulating  wt»1*S 

Gain-Loss. 


MONGER. 


680 


MOORINGS. 


mon'-ger.  A  trader.  Dealer,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

Mon-go'-li-an.  One  of  the  yellow  race  of  men.  Eth- 
nology. 

mon'-grel.  An  incongruous  mixture;  of  mixed 
breeds;  base.  Conventionality-Unconventional- 
ity,  Fauna-Flora,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Mixture- 
Homogeneity. 

mon'-ied.     Wealthy.     Affluence-Penury. 

mo-nil'-i-form.     Like  a  string  of  beads.     Roundness. 

mo-ni'-tion.  Instruction;  warning.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Warning. 

mon'-i-tive.     Monitory.     Motive-Dehortation. 

mon'-i-tor.  An  adviser;  an  ironclad;  a  pupil- teacher; 
oracle.  Advice,  Belligerent,  Instructor-Pupil, 
Manager,  Soothsayer,  Warning;  inward  monitor, 
Duty-Dereliction. 

mon'-i-to-ry.  Admonitory;  admonition.  Motive-De- 
hortation, Prophecy,  Warning. 

monk.     A  religious  recluse.     Ministry-Laity. 

mon'-key.  An  imitative  animal;  a  contrivance;  a 
ridiculous  epithet.  Imitation-Originality,  Im- 
petus-Reaction, Society-Laughingstock;  monkey 
trick,  Adage -Nonsense,  Entertainment- Weari- 
ness; monkey  up,  Favorite-Anger;  play  the 
monkey,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

mon'-key- wrench".  A  wrench  having  a  movable  jaw 
for  grasping  a  nut.     Instrument. 

monk'-hood.     The  condition  of  a  monk.     Austerity. 

monk'-ish.     Pertaining  to  monks.     Church. 

monk'-ish  Lat'-in.  Unclassical  Latin.  Word-Neology. 

mon'-o-chord.  A  one-stringed  musical  instrument. 
Musical  Instruments. 

mon'-o-chrome.  A  single  colored  painting.  Color- 
Achromatism,  Painting. 

mon"-o-clin'-ic.     Symmetric.     Mineralogy. 

mon-oc'-u-lous.     One-eyed.     Sight-Dimsightedness. 

mon'-o-drame.    A  drama  acted  by  one  person.    Acting. 

mon'-o-dy.  A  doleful  composition ;  a  lyric  solo.  Jubi- 
lation-Lamentation, Poetry-Prose. 

mon-og'-a-mist.  One  who  has  but  one  living  spouse. 
Matrimony-Celibacy. 

mon-og'-a-my.  Practise  of  single  marriage.  Matri- 
mony-Celibacy. 

mon'-o-gram.  A  cipher;  letter;  diagram.  Delinea- 
tion-Caricature, Letter,  Tidings-Mystery. 

mon'-o-graph.  A  description;  writing.  Account, 
Writing-Printing. 

mon'-o-lith.    A  single  stone.     Mark-Obliteration. 

mon"-o-lith'-ic.  Peculiar  to  a  monolith.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

mon'-o-logue.  A  dramatic  soliloquy.  Acting,  Con- 
versation-Monologue. 

mon-om'-a-chy.     A  duel.     Strife-Peace. 

mon"-o-ma'-ni-a.  Insanity  confined  to  one  idea  or 
subject.    Bigotry-Apostasy,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

mon"-o-ma'-ni-ac.  One  affected  by  monomania. 
Saneness-Maniac. 

mon-om'-e-ter.    Having  one  foot  to  a  verse.  Rhetoric. 

mon-op'-o-list.  One  who  monopolizes.  Labor-Capi- 
tal, Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

mon-op'-o-ly.  The  exclusive  right.  Holding-Exemp- 
tion, Labor-Capital,  Release-Restraint. 

mon'-o-stich.  A  composition  of  one  verse.  Terse- 
ness-Prolixity. 

mon'-o-the"-ism.  The  doctrine  that  there  is  but  one 
God.    Theology. 

mon"-o-the-is'-tic.  Pertaining  to  monotheism.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

mon-ot'-o-nous.  Without  variety;  tiresomely  uniform. 
Crash  -  Drumming,  Entertainment  -  Weariness, 
Equality-Inequality,  Force-Weakness,  Muta- 
tion-Permanence, Recurrence,  Uniformity-Di- 
versity, Wittiness-Dulness. 


mon-ot'-o-ny.     Want  of  cadence.     Recurrence. 

mon-soon'.     A  trade-wind.     River-Wind. 

mon'-ster.  A  fabulous  animal;  a  very  large  person  or 
thing;  a  prodigy;  one  to  be  abhorred.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Benefactor-Evildoer,  Convention- 
ality-Unconventionality,  Good  Man-Bad  Man, 
Greatness-Littleness,  Phenomenon. 

mon-stros'-i-ty.  Anything  unnaturally  large  or  dis- 
torted. Conventionality  -  Unconventionality, 
Greatness  -  Littleness,  Proportion  -  Deformity, 
Society-  Ludicrousness. 

mon'-strous.  Wonderful;  huge;  hideous.  Astonish- 
ment-Expectance, Beauty-Ugliness,  Greatness- 
Littleness,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Society-Lu- 
dicrousness,  taste-vulgarity. 

mon'-strous-ly.       Wonderfully.       Magnitude-Small- 

NESS. 

montagne  Russe  [F.]  (mon'-tany',rus).  Russian  moun- 
tain. Entertainment-Weariness,  Parallelism- 
Inclination. 

mont  de  piele'  [F.]  (mon-  de  pie-te').  Pawnbroker's 
shop.    Loan-Borrowing. 

Mont-gol'-fi-er.  A  hot-air  balloon.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

month.    One-twelfth  of  a  year.    Period-Progress. 

month'-ly.  Coming  once  a  month.  Periodicity- 
Irregularity;  monthly  nurse,  Remedy-Bane. 

mon'-ti-cle.     A  little  hill.     Height-Lowness. 

mon'-u-ment.  A  commemorative  statue.  Height- 
Lowness,  Life-Funeral,  Mark-Obliteration. 

monumentum  cere  perennius  [L.]  (mon-yu-men'-tum 
i'-ri  per-en'-ni-us) .  A  monument  more  durable  than 
brass.     Trophy. 

moo.     The  lowing  of  a  cow.     Cry-Ululation. 

mood.  Temper  of  mind.  Affections,  Condition- 
Situation,  Inclination,  Mutation-Permanence, 
Readiness  -  Reluctance,  Subjectiveness  -  Objec- 
tiveness. 

mood'-ish.  Out  of  humor;  peevish.  Favorite-Quar- 
relsomeness. 

mood'-ish-ness.  Peevishness.  Favorite-Quarrel- 
someness, Politeness-Impoliteness. 

moods  and  tenses.  Manner  and  time  of  conceiving  and 
expressing  action  or  being.    Deviation,  Variation. 

mood'-y.  Petulant;  sullen;  melancholy.  Excita- 
bility -  Inexcitability,  Favorite  -  Moroseness, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

moon.  A  satellite;  the  time  of  one  revolution  of  the 
moon  in  its  orbit.  Astronomy,  Mutability-Sta- 
bility, Universe;  bay  the  moon,  Cry-Ululation, 
Usefulness-Uselessness;  jump  over  the  moon, 
Spring-Dive;  man  in  the  moon,  Fancy;  moon  of 
green  cheese,  Credulousness-Skepticism. 

moon'-beam".  A  ray  of  moonlight.  Dimness,  Light- 
Darkness. 

moon'-calf".     A  dolt.     Sage-Fool. 

moon'-eyed".  Having  moon-eyes.  Sight-Dimsight- 
edness. 

moon'-shee.  A  teacher.  Instructor-Pupil,  Scholar- 
Dunce. 

moon'-shine".  Moonlight;  empty  nonsense;  unreality; 
pretense.  Adage-Nonsense,  Dimness,  Likelihood 
Unlikelihood,  Meaning-Jargon,  Pretext,  Sub- 
stance-Nullity, Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

moon'-struck".  Lunatic;  wonder.  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

moor.     To  fasten;   a  waste  tract  of  land.     Establish- 
ment-Removal,    Extension-Inextension,    Gulf- 
Plain,  Height-Lowness,  Union-Disunion. 
Moore,  Old.     A  fortune-teller.     Soothsayer. 
moored.      Firm.      Establishment-Removal,    Muta- 
bility-Stability 
moor'-ings.    Condition  of  a  moored  ship.    Connective, 
Establishment-Removal. 


MOORISH. 


681 


MORNING— EVENING. 


Moor'-ish.  Marshy;  pertaining  to  the  Moors.  Swamp- 
Island;  Moorish  capital,  Architecture. 

moor'-land.  A  moor  or  marsh.  Extension-Inexten- 
sion,  Gulf-Plain,  Height-Lowness. 

moor'-y.     Marshy.     Swamp-Island. 

moot.  To  investigate;  argue.  Investigation-Answer, 
Ratiocination-Instinct;  moot  point,  Conception- 
Theme,  Investigation-Answer. 

moot'-ed.     Under  discussion.     Hypothesis. 

map.  An  instrument  for  cleansing.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness. 

mope.  To  make  spiritless.  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection. 

mope'-eyed".    Short-sighted.    Sight-Dimsightedness. 

mo'-ping.  Melancholy.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion. 

mo'-pish.     Dejected.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

mop'-pet.     A  little  girl.     Favorite-Anger. 

mop'-sy.  An  untidy  woman.  Favorite-Anger, 
Purity-Rake. 

mo'-pus.  A  dreamer;  drone;  money;  sad.  Activity- 
Indolence,  Fancy,  Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Money. 

mo'-py.    Dejected.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

mora  nee  requies,  nee  [L.]  (mo'-ra  nee  rl'-qui-iz,  nee). 
Neither  delay  nor  rest.     Activity-Indolence. 

mor'-al.  Pertaining  to  conduct  in  respect  to  right  and 
wrong,  virtue  and  vice,  etc.;  a  maxim.  Adage-Non- 
sense,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Duty-Dereliction, 
Right-Wrong,  Virtue- Vice;  moral  certainty,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt; moral  courage,  Determination- 
Vacillation;  moral  education,  Education-Mis- 
teaching;  moral  obligation,  Duty-Dereliction; 
moral  support,  Obstruction-Help;  moral  tuition, 
Education-Misteaching;  moral  turpitude,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty; point  a  moral,  Education- 
Misteaching. 

mo-ral'-i-ty.  Moral  conduct.  Duty-Dereliction, 
Virtue-Vice. 

mor'-al-ize.  To  make  moral  reflections.  Education- 
Misteaching,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

mor'-al  phil-os'-o-phy.  Science  of  morals.  Duty- 
Dereliction,  Mind-Imbecility. 

mor'-als.  Conduct.  Duty-Dereliction,  Right- 
Wrong,  Virtue- Vice. 

mo-rass'.     Marsh.     Swamp-Island. 

Mo-ra'-vi-an-tism.  The  doctrines  of  the  Moravians. 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

mor'-bid.     Sickly.     Health-Sickness. 

mor-bid'-i-ty.     Morbidness.     Health-Sickness. 

mor-bid-os'-i-ty.     Morbidness.     Health-Sickness. 

mor-bif'-er-ous.  Producing  disease.  Healthiness- 
Unhealthiness. 

mor-bif'-ic.  Productive  of  disease.  Health-Sickness, 
Healthiness-Unhealthiness. 

mor-da'-cious.      Severe.      Charitableness -Malevo- 


lence. 
mor-dac'-i-ty.       Biting     severity. 
Malevolencb. 


Charitableness- 


mor'-dant.  Biting;  a  substance  for  fixing  dye.  Color- 
Achromatism,  Pungency,  Vigor-Inertia. 

more.  Greater  in  amount,  number,  cr  rank.  Addition- 
Subtraction,  Supremacy-Subordinacy;  more  last 
words,  Predecessor-Continuation;  more  or  less, 
Magnitude  -  Smallness,  Quantity  -  Measure, 
Truth-Error;  more  than  a  match  for,  Strength- 
Weakness,  Supremacy-Subordinacy;  more  than 
enough,  Excess-Lack;  more  than  flesh  and  blood  can 
bear,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  more  than 
meets  the  eye,  Manifestation-Latency;  more  than 
one,  Plurality-Fraction. 

more,  ex  [L.]  (mo'-rf,  ex).  According  to  custom. 
Habit-Desuetude. 

more  majorum  [L.]  (mo-ri  .mA-jo'-rum).  After  the 
manner  of  our  ancestors.    Con  ventionality-Uncon- 

VENTIONALITY. 

more  solito  [L.]  (mo'-rf  sol'-i-to).  An  unusual  custom. 
Conventionality-  Unconventionality,  Habit- 
Desuetude. 

more  suo  [L.]  (mo'-ri  siu'-o) .  In  his  own  way.  Habit- 
Desuetude. 

mores,  O  [L.]  (mo'-riz,  o).  O  customs.  Approval-Dis- 
approval. 

more-o'-ver.     Besides.     Addition-Subtraction. 

Mo-resque'.  Pertaining  to  the  Moors.  Moresque  archi- 
tecture, Architecture. 

Morgana,  Fata  [It.l  (mor-ga'-na,  fa'-ta).  Mirage. 
Fancy,  Luminary-Shade. 

mor'-ga-nat'-ic  mar'-riage.  Marriage  of  a  man  of 
superior  rank  to  a  woman  of  inferior.  Matrimony- 
Celibacy. 

morgue    [F.]  (morg).     A    deadhouse.     Life-Funeral. 

morgue  littiraire  [F.]  (morg  li-tS-rer).  Literary  style. 
Style. 

mori,  dulce  et  decorum    est    pro    patria    [L.]  (mo'-rai, 
dul'-si  et  di-co'-rum  est  pro  pe'-tri-a).     It  is  sweet 
and  seemly  to  die  for  one's  fatherland.     Duty-Dere 
liction,  Life-Death. 

mori,  memento  [L.]  (mo'-rai,  mi-men'-to).  Remem- 
ber death.     Life-Funeral. 

mor'-i-bund.  Dying.  Health-Sickness,  Life- 
Death. 

mo'-ri-ent.     Dying.     Life-Death. 

mo'-ri-on.     A  helmet.     Dress-Undress. 

Mo-ris'-co.     A     morris-dancer.  Entertainment- 

Weariness. 

mor'-mo  [Gr.].  False  terror.    Sanguineness-Timidity. 

Mor'-mon.  One  of  a  religious  sect.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

Mor'-mon-ism.  Polygamy;  belief  of  the  Mormons. 
Matrimony-Celibacy,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

morn.     Early  part  of  the  day.     Morning-Evening. 

morn'-ing.  Early  part  of  the  day.  Earliness-Late- 
ness,  Morning-Evening;  morning  dress,  Dress- 
Undress;  morning,  noon,  and  night,  Frequency- 
Rarity,  Lastingness-Transientness;  morning 
star,  Angel-Satan. 


MORNING— EVENING. 


Aurora.     The  rising  light  of  the  morning. 

Break  of  day.     The  first  appearance  of  light  in  the  morning. 

Cock-crow.     The  early  morning. 

Crepuscule.     The  twilight  between  the  first  dawn  and  sunrise. 

Dawn.     The  first  appearance  of  light  at  the  break  of  day. 

Daybreak.     The  dawn;  the  first  light. 

First  blush  of  the  morning.     The  first  appearance  of  light. 

Forenoon.     That  part  of  the  day  which  is  included  between  sunrise 

and  midday. 
Meridian.     Noonday;    that  period  of  the  day  when  the  sun  reaches 

its  highest  point. 
Midday.     The  middle  of  the  day. 
Midsummer.     The  middle  of  the  summer. 

Morninff  1  That  part  of  the  day  included  between  dawn  and  noon. 


Afternoon.     The  period  after  noon  and  before  sunset. 

Autumn.     The  latter  portion  of  the  year,  the  time  of  abundance. 

Autumnal  equinox.     The  time  when  the  sun  crosses  the  equate* 

going  southward. 
Bed-time.     The  time  to  go  to  bed. 
Close  of  day.     Evening. 
Cock-shut.     Evening  twilight 

Curfew.     The  time  of  extinguishing  lights  and  retiring  to  rest 
Dead  of  night.     The  most  quiet  time  of  night . 
Decline  of  day.     The  fall  of  day. 

Dewy  eve.     The  time  of  day  when  dew  falls.    [Milton.] 
Dusk.     The  state  in  the  evening  between  light  and  darkness. 
Eleventh  hour.     The  last  hour  of  day. 

E    ' .       |  That  part  of  the  day  which  precedes  darkness. 


MORNING. 


682 


MOT  DU  GUET. 


MORNING— EVENING— Continued 


Noon.     The  middle  of  the  day.     [L.,  nona.  ninth  hour.] 
Noonday.     Midday, 
noontide.     The  time  of  noon. 
Peep  of  day.     Dawn. 
Prime  of  the  morning.     Early  morning. 
Spring.     The  early  portion  of  the  year. 
Summer.     The  middle  season  of  the  year. 
Sunrise.     The  appearance  of  the  sun  each  morning. 
Twilight.     The  period  between  dawn  and  sunrise. 
Vernal  equinox.     The  time  when  the  sun  crosses  the  equator  when 
proceeding  northward. 

Morning — Adjectives. 

Matin.     Pertaining  to  the  morning. 
Matutinal.     Early;  pertaining  to  the  morning. 
Vernal.     Of  or  pertaining  to  spring;  early. 

Morning — Adverbs. 

At  iunrise,  etc.     At  dawn.     See  Nouns. 
When  the  morning  dawns. 

With  the  lark.     "  Hark,  hark!  the  lark  at  heaven's  gate  sings,  and 
Phoebus  'gins  arise."     [Shakespeare,  Cymbeline,  II,  iii.] 


Eventide.     The  time  of  evening. 

Fall.     The  season  when  leaves  fall  from  the  trees;  the  latter  portior 

of  the  year. 
Fall  of  day.     The  close  of  day. 
Fall  of  the  leaf.     Autumn ;  the  declining  time. 
Going  down  of  the  sun.     Approach  of  evening. 
Midnight.     The  middle  of  the  night. 
Nightfall.     The  coming  of  night. 
Postmeridian.     The  afternoon. 
Sundown.     Evening;  the  setting  of  the  sun. 
Sunset.     The  daily  disappearance  of  the  sun. 
Twilight.     The  period  between  sunset  and  darkness. 
Winter.     The  season  of  cold  and  short  days. 
Witching  time  of  night.  The  time  of  most  witches.    [Hamlet,  III,  ft  J 

Evening — Adjectives. 
Autumnal.     Pertaining  to  autumn. 
Nocturnal.     Pertaining  to  the  night. 
Vespertine.     Pertaining  to  the  evening. 


MORNING — Continued. 
Morning — Phrase. 
Bntrechien  et  hup  [F.J.     Between  dog  and  wolf. 


mo-rose'.        Sullen;    rude.        Favorite-Moroseness, 

HuMANITARIANISM-MlSANTHROPY,       PoLITENESS-Im- 
POLITENESS. 

mo-ros'-i-ty.     Sullenness.     Favorite-Moroseness. 

Mor'-pheus.  Son  of  sleep  and  god  of  dreams.  Activ- 
ity-Indolence. 

mor'-phew.  A  scurfy  eruption.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness. 

mor"-pho-log'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  morphology.  Mor- 
phological crystallography,  Mineralogy. 

mor-phol'-o-gy.  Any  science  of  forms;  science  of 
form  and  structure  of  animals  and  plants.  Biology, 
Form-Formlessness,  Zoology-Botany. 

mor'-ra.     A  game.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

mor'-ris,  nine  men's.  A  game.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

mor'-ris-chair".  An  easy-chair  having  loose  cushions 
on  back  and  seat.     Suspension-Support. 

mor'-ris-dance".  A  rustic  dance.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

mor'-row.  First  day  after  the  present.  Future- 
Past. 

mors  aux  dents,  prendre  le  [F.]  (morz  o  dan",  pran'dr 
le).    To  become  headstrong.    Reprisal-Resistance. 

mor'-sel.  A  bit  of  food;  bite.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Whole-Part. 

mors  turpi  vita  potior,  honesta  [L.J  (mors  tur'-pai 
vai'-ta  po'-shi-or,  ho-nes'-ta).  Honorable  death  is 
better  than  base  life.  Life-Death,  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

mort,  guerre  a  [F.]  (mor,  ger  a).  War  to  the  death. 
Fighting-Conciliation. 

mor'-tal.  Subject  to  death;  fatal.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Humanity,  Lastingness-Transient- 
ness,  Life-Killing;  mortal  antipathy,  Desire- 
Distaste;  mortal  blow,  Good-Evil;  mortal  coil, 
Life-Corpse;  mortal  funk,  Sanguineness-Timid- 
ity;  mortal  remains,  Life-Corpse;  mortal  sin, 
Innocence-Guilt. 

mor-tal'-i-ty.  Quality  of  being  mortal.  Humanity, 
Lastingness-Transientness,  Life-Death;  bills  of 
mortality,  Life-Death. 

mor'-tar.  Cement;  pulverizer;  cannon.  Chemistry, 
Connective,  Friability,  Weapons. 

mortem,  post  [L.]  (mor'-tem,  post).  After  death. 
Life-Death,  Life-Funeral. 

mort'-gage.  Sale;  credit;  to  lend;  pledge.  Buying- 
Sale,  Credit-Debt,  Loan-Borrowing,  Security. 

mort"-ga-gee' .  The  grantee  under  a  mortgage. 
Credit-Debt,  Holder. 


mort'-ga-gor.  One  who  mortgages  property.  Credit- 
Debt,  Holder. 

mor-tif'-er-ous.     Fatal.     Life-Killing. 

mor"-ti-fi-ca'-tion.  Austerity;  humiliation;  gangrene; 
vexation.  Austerity,  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment,  Health-Sickness,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Pleasure-Pain,  Selfrespect-Hum- 
bleness. 

mor'-ti-fy.  Humiliate.  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

mor'-ti-fy"-ing.      Humiliating.     Contentedness-Dis- 

CONTENTMENT. 

mor'-tise.  To  join;  intersect;  a  cavity  in  a  piece  of 
timber.  Crossing,  Environment-Interposition, 
Union-Disunion. 

mort'-main".  Tenure  of  land.  Liberty-Subjection; 
in  mortmain,  Keeping-Relinquishment. 

mor'-ru-a-ry.  Relating  to  the  burial  of  the  dead. 
Life-Death,  Life-Funeral. 

mo-sa'-ic.  A  kind  of  inlaid  work.  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity, Painting,  Uniformity-Multiformity, 
Variegation. 

Mos'-lem.  Mohammedan.  Orthodoxy-Hetero- 
doxy. 

mosque.     A  Mohammedan  temple.     Fane. 

moss.  A  low  tufted  plant;  a  bog.  Smoothness- 
Roughness,  Swamp-Island,  Zoology-Botany. 

moss'-grown".  Overgrown  with  moss.  Betterment- 
Deterioration. 

moss'-troop"-er.  A  border  marauder.  Belligerent, 
Trooper. 

moss-y.     Overgrown  with  moss.     Fauna-Flora. 

most.  Greatest  amount  or  number.  Magnitude- 
Smallness;  at  most,  Magnitude-Smallness;  for 
the  most  part,  Habit-Desuetude,  Universality- 
Particularity;  make  the  most  of,  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Gull -Hyperbole,  Overvalu- 
ation -  Undervaluation,  Skill  -  Unskilfulness, 
Use-Disuse  ;  make  the  most  of  one's  time,  Activity- 
Indolence;  most  often,  Frequency-Rarity,  Habit- 
Desuetude;   the  most,  Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

mot  [F.]  (mo).  A  pithy  or  witty  saying.  Adage-Non- 
sense. 

mot  a  mot  [F.]  (mot  a  mo).  Word  for  word.  Imita- 
tion-Originality. 

mot  d'inigme  [F.]  (mo  dA-nigm').  The  answer  to  a 
riddle.     Interpret  ation-Misinterpretation. 

mot  de  passe  [F.]  (mode  pas).     A  password.     Sign. 

mot  d'ordre  [F.1  (modorar).     A  command.     Order. 

mot  du  guet  [F.J  (mo  du  ge).     A  watchword.     Sign. 


MOT  POUR  RIRE. 


683 


MOTIVE— CAPRICE. 


tnol  pour  rire  [F.]   (mopurrir).     A  witticism.     Witti- 

NESS-DULNESS. 

mote.  A  match;  speck.  Heaviness-Lightness, 
Magnitude-Smallness;  mote  in  the  eye,  Decision- 
Mis.]  udgment,  SlGHT-DlMSIGHTEDNESS. 

mo-tet'.     A  sacred  cantata.     Devotion-Idolatry. 

moth.  An  insect  that  destroys  woolen  fabrics. 
Remedy-Bane. 

moth'-eat"-en.  Eaten  or  damaged  by  moths.  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration, Cleanness-Filthiness. 

moth'-er.  Mold;  a  female  parent:  native.  Clean- 
ness-Filthiness, Parentage- Progeny;  mother- 
of-pearl,  Variegation;  mother  tongue,  Language; 
mother  wit,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

moth'-er-hood".  State  of  being  a  mother.  Parent- 
age-Progeny. 


moth'-er-land" .  The  land  of  one's  ancestors 
Dweller-Habitation. 

moth'-er-ly.  Pertaining  to  a  mother.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence, Love-Hate. 

mo'-tion.  Movement;  design;  proposition;  topic. 
Conception -Theme,  Design,  Movement- Rest, 
Petition  -  Expostulation,  President- Member, 
Proffer-Refusal;  make  a  motion,  Hypothesis, 
Proffer-Refusal;  motion  downwards,  Ascent- 
Descent;  motion  from,  Approach-Withdrawal; 
put  in  motion,  Push-Pull;  put  oneself  in  motion, 
Action-Passiveness;  set  in  motion,  Use-Disuse. 

mo'-tion-less.  Being  at  rest.  Activity-Indolence, 
Movement-Rest. 

mo'-tive.  Incentive;  moving.  Motive-Caprice; 
absence  of  motive,  Motive-Caprice;  motive  power, 
Movement-Rest. 


MOTIVE— CAPRICE— DEHORTATION. 


Advice,  etc.     Influence  toward  the  acceptance  or  rejecting  of  an  act 

or  course.     See  Advice. 
Advocacy.     The  act  of  exerting  one's  influence  in  favor  of  a  cause, 
Agacerie  [F.].     Caressing  treatment ;  enticement. 

AUectivt!n'}Anallurement' 

Allurement.     An  attracting  or  tempting  influence. 

ArrUre  pensie  [F.].     An  afterthought. 

Attractiveness.)  Susceptibility  to  attraction. 

Attraction.     An  influencing  of  the  mind  and  affecting  favorably. 

Bait.     Anything  which  allures  or  tempts. 

Bewitchment.     The  state  of  being  under  the  influence  of  charms. 

Blandishment.     A  soothing  or  caressing  influence. 

Bribe.     A  reward  or  gift  given  with  a  view  to  pervert  the  judgment. 

Bribery  and  corruption.  The  act  of  influencing  the  action  of  another 
by  corrupt  inducements. 

Cajolery.     The  act  of  influencing  by  flattering  or  delusive  promises. 

Call.     An  influence  to  do  something,  as  a  call  to  the  ministry. 

Charm.     The  power  of  pleasing. 

Consideration.  An  influence  to  be  taken  into  account  before  doing  a 
thing. 

Decoy.     Anything  intended  to  lead  into  a  snare. 

Decoy  duck.  A  duck  used  to  lure  wild  ducks  into  a  decoy;  hence,  a 
person  used  to  lure  others  into  danger. 

Dictate.     An  authoritative  command. 

Dram.     A  drink  offered  as  an  enticement. 

Encouragement.     A  hopeful  or  cheering  influence. 

Enticement.  An  influence  tending  to  draw  toward  evil  by  tempting 
the  desires  of  a  person. 

Exhortation.  An  incitement  to  do  good  by  means  of  an  earnest  ap- 
peal. 

Fascination.     An  influence  that  attracts  irresistibly. 

Fillip.     Something  serving  to  arouse  or  excite. 

Forbidden  fruit.     Any  coveted,  unlawful  pleasure     [Bible  J 

Goad.     Any  necessity  that  urges  or  stimulates. 

Golden  apples.  Apples  in  the  garden  of  Hesperus;  figuratively,  cov- 
eted pleasure  or  desire. 

Ground.     A  reason;  primary  influence. 

Honeyed  words. 

Hortation.     An  exhortation. 

Impressibility.     The  state  of  being  easily  influenced. 

Impulse.     A  sudden  mental  influence  or  motive. 

Impulsion.     A  strong,  sudden  mental  impulse. 

Incentive.     An  influence  which  tends  to  produce  an  action. 

Incitement  1  ^n  imPu^si°n  toward  a  particular  action. 
Inducement.     An  influence  that  leads  toward  the  doing  of  an  act. 
Influence.     The  gradual  operation  of  some  unseen  cau«e. 
Inspiration.     The  inbreathing  of  an  influence,  usually  divine  or  lofty. 
Instance.     The  act  of  influencing  or  soliciting. 
Instigation.    Influence  brought  to  bear  to  produce  an  action,  usually 

bad. 
Intention,  etc.     A  settled  design  of  the  mind  toward  some  aim  or 

end.     See  Purpose. 
Keystone.     The  topmost  stone  of  an  arch ;  figuratively,  the  object  of 

striving 
Loadstone.     A  piece  of  magnetic  iron  ore  possessing  polarity  like  a 

magnetic  needle. 
Lure.      Anything  which  tends  to  influence  by  means  of  prospective 

pleasure. 


Absence  of  motive.     Want  of  reason  or  cause. 

Caprice*  etc.     A  sudden  change  of  mind  without  reason  or  cause. 

Chance,  etc.     Absence  of  law  or  adequate  cause.     See  Purpose. 

Caprice — Verbs. 

Have  no  motive.     To  be  without  any  reason  or  cause. 

Scruple,  etc.     To  be  unwilling;  have  moral  grounds  for  not  doing. 
See  Readiness. 

Caprice — Adjectives. 

Aimless,  etc.     Without  any  definite  design  or  intention.     See  Pur- 
pose. 

Without  rime  or  reason.     Without  sound  or  sense. 

Caprice — Adverb. 
Out  of  mere  caprice.     Capriciously. 


MOTIVE— Continued. 

Magnet.  A  species  of  iron  ore  which  has  the  property  of  attracting 
iron. 

Magnetic  force.  Extraordinary  personal  power  to  excite  the  feelings 
and  win  the  affections. 

Magnetism.     The  power  to  excite  the  feelings  and  gain  the  affections. 

Mainspring.     The  chief  or  most  powerful  motive. 

Motive.     That  influence  in  the  mind  which  incites  it  to  action. 

Persuasibility.     The  capability  of  being  persuaded  or  influenced. 

Persuasibleness.     The  quality  of  being  capable  to  be  influenced. 

Persuasion.  The  act  of  influencing  by  means  of  entreaty  or  reason- 
ing. 

Persuasiveness.  The  power  of  having  influence  on  other  minds- 
Press.     Strong  influence  brought  to  bear  upon. 

Primum  mobile  TL.].     The  first  cause  of  an  action. 

Principle.  The  fundamental  influence  which  causes  action,  an  im- 
pulse. 

Pro  and  con.     For  and  against. 

Prompting.     An  influence  exciting  a  person  to  action. 

Provocation,  etc.     An  incitation  to  action.     See  Excitation. 

Provocative.     That  which  excites  to  action. 

Reason.     The  primary  motive  or  cause  of  a  thing 

Reason  why.     The  grounds  for  acting. 

Rowel.     A  spur. 

Secret  motive.     A  motive  not  known  from  the  general  actions. 

Seducement.     The  act  of  influencing  so  as  to  draw  from  duty. 

Seduction.     The  act  of  enticing  to  evil. 

Softness.     The  state  of  being  easily  influenced. 

Solicitation.     To  ask  by  entreaty. 

Song  of  the  sirens.     Anything  deceptive  or  enticing. 

Sop.     Anything  given  to  propitiate. 

Sop  for  Cerberus.  A  gift  or  favor  given  to  pacify  an  opponent:  in 
allusion  to  the  sop  said  to  have  been  given  to  Cerberus  on  one's 
entrance  to  Hades.     [Virgil,  Mneid,  VI,  417*] 

Spell,  etc.  The  state  of  being  under  the  influence  of  magic.  See  De- 
votion-Charm. 

Springs  of  action.     Cause  or  motive. 

Spur.     That  which  goads  to  action. 

Stimulus.     Anything  which  rouses  the  feelings. 

Suasion.     The  act  of  persuading. 

Susceptibility.     The  state  of  being  easily  influenced. 

Tantalization.  The  act  of  vexing  or  provoking,  as  Tantalus  was 
tantalized  in  Hades. 


MOTIVE. 


684 


MOTIVE. 


MOTIVE— Continued 


Temptation,     The  act  of  influencing  for  evil . 

The  why  and  the  wherefore.     The  reason  for  a  particular  course  of 

action. 
Trail  of  a  red  herring.     A  clue  or  series  of  clues. 
Voice  of  the  tempter.     A  temptation. 


Whet.     That  which  stimulates. 
Whip.     An  instrument  for  driving  horses. 
Witchery.     Irresistible  influence. 
Witching.     The  act  of  enchanting. 


Motive — Nouns  of  Agent. 


Circe.     A  mythological  enchantress,  who  first  charmed  her  victims 

and  then  changed  them  to  beasts. 
Firebrand.     One  who  inflames  factions  or  causes  mischief 
Incendiary.     One  who  kindles  passion. 
Instigator.     One  who  incites  another  to  do  anything. 


Prompter.     One  who  influences  to  action. 

«: ,         *  |  One  who  seduces  or  leads  to  wrong 

Tempter.     One  who  incites  to  an  evil  or  forbidden  action. 


Motive — .Verbs. 


Act  on  principle.     To  do  anything  honorably. 

Actuate.     To  incite  or  impel  as  by  motives. 

Act  upon.     To  influence. 

Advise,  etc.     To  give  counsel  to.     See  Advice. 

Advocate.     To  be  in  favor  of,  exert  one's  influence  for  anything. 

Allure.     To  draw  by  means  of  some  prospective  pleasure. 

Animate.     To  make  active,  use  one's  influence  in  such  a  manner. 

Arouse.     To  stir  up;  e>cite. 

Attract.     To  draw  toward. 

Bait  the  hook.     To  lure. 

Bait  with  a  silver  hook.     To  make  very  tempting  with  a  bribe. 

Beckon.     To  call  toward  with  a  gesture. 

Be  persuaded,  etc.     To  listen  to  the  advice  of  another. 

Bewitch.     To  gain  power  over  by  means  of  charms ;  to  please  very 

much. 
Bias.     To  influence  in  one  direction. 

Bribe.     To  offer  anything  to  draw  a  person  from  his  duty. 
Bring  in  its  train.     To  attract. 

Bring  round.     To  influence  so  as  to  bring  to  a  desired  position. 
Bring  to  one's  senses.     To  cause  a  person  to  become  reasonable. 
Cajole,  etc.      To    impose   on   by   flattering.      See   Truthfulness- 

Fraud. 
Call  up.     To  remind 

Call  upon.     To  request  something  of  a  person. 
Captivate.     To  capture;  seize. 
Carry.     To  win  or  succeed . 

Carry  away.     To  incite  to  a  state  of  great  feeling  or  passion. 
Charm.     To  put  an  influence  over  by  means  of  some  supernatural 

power  some  incantation,  or  rhythmic  spell. 

Clao  on  the  shouider. }  To  ^  a  sign  of  aPProral  OT  encouragement. 

Coax.     To  persuade  by  means  of  flattery  or  caresses. 

Come  over.     To  change  opinions  or  position. 

Come  round  one.     To  change  one's  opinions  or  position. 

Concede,  etc      To  grant;  acknowledge  as  true.     See  Consent. 

Conciliate.     To  settle  or  pacify 

Court.     To  seek  favor. 

Dispose.     To  influence  toward  some  particular  purpose. 

Drag,  etc.     To  draw  along  by  force      See  Push. 

Draw.     To  attract ;  have  an  attractive  influence. 

Draw  on.    lTopersuade 

Draw  over.) 

Egg  on.     To  urge  on ;  incite 

Encourage.     To  inspire  with  hope. 

Enforce.     To  compel  obedience. 

Engage.     To  attract;  please;  win  over. 

Enlist.     To  gain  the  favor  or  interest  of. 

Entice.     To  attract  or  draw  towards  evil  by  influencing  the  desires  or 

hopes- 
Exercise  influence  over.  ~\ 

Exercise  influence  upon.  ^  To  have  power  with, 
Exercise  influence  with.  J 
Exhort.     To  entreat  earnestly. 

Fascinate.     To  attract  greatly;  bewitch;  have  great  influence  over. 
Follow  the  advice  of.     To  act  upon  the  counsel  of  the  wise. 
Follow  the  bent  of.     To  act  according  to  your  nature. 
Follow  the  dictates  of.      To  obey  the  imperative  of  conscience. 
Force.     To  necessitate  by  means  of  mental  power  or  influence ;  com- 

pel. 
Gain  over.     To  win  over. 

Gild  the  pill.     To  make  something  disagreeable  more  attractive. 
Give  an  impulse  to,  etc.     See  Nouns. 
Goad.     To  urge  on;  impel;  drive  on. 
Go  round  one.     To  find  out  one's  feelings  or  the  like 
Grease  the  palm.     To  corrupt  with  bribes. 
Have  influence  over.     To  induce  your  friends  to  act. 
Have  influence  upon.     To  move  otbers  to  act. 


Have  influence  with.     To  have  a  pull  with  officials. 

Hound  on.     To  urge  or  spur  on . 

Hurry  on.     To  cause  to  hasten. 

Impel,  etc.     To  drive  on,  as  by  force.     See  Impetus 

Incite.     To  move  to  action. 

Incline.     To  have  some  tendency  toward 

Induce.     To  influence  toward  an  action. 

Influence.     To  act  upon  by  means  of  moral  suasion. 

Inoculate.     To  propagate;  infest;  imbue. 

Inspire.     To  fill  with  high  and  noble  thoughts. 

Inspirit.     To  enliven;  encourage. 

Instigate.     To  incite  to  an  evil  action. 

Inveigle.     To  lead  astray  by  means  of  flattery  or  deception. 

Invite.     To  allure. 

Keep  in  countenance.  To  countenance  a  person  by  acting  like 
him. 

Lash.     To  drive  on  as  with  a  whip 

Lead.     To  allure  or  induce. 

Lead  by  the  nose.     To  lead  easily  or  hlindl>  . 

Lure.     To  entice  or  attract  by  the  promise  of  pleasure. 

Magnetize.     To  influence  by  means  of  one's  personality ;  hypnotize 

Make  things  pleasant.     Give  attraction  to  things. 

Move.     To  arouse  the  feelings  or  passions. 

Obey  a  call.     To  comply  with  a  summons. 

Operate  upon.     To  have  effect  upon 

Overcome.     To  obtain  mastery  over. 

Overpersuade.     To  influence  against  one's  inclination  or  opinion. 

Pat  on  th'*  back.        \  To   prove    one's    sense  of    your  great    merit. 

Pat  on  the  shoulder./      [Cowper,  On  Friendship.^ 

Persuade.  To  succeed  in  winning  over  by  means  of  argument  or 
entreaty. 

Predispose.     To  incline  beforehand. 

Press,  etc.     To  compel  by  moral  force.     See  Petition. 

Prevail  upon.l  T    wrsuftde 

Prevail  with.  J  l°Persuaae- 

Prick.     To  urge  on  to  action ,  as  by  a  prick  or  goad. 

Procure.     To  cause  or  effect;  bring  about 

Prompt.     To  move  to  action,  as  another  person. 

Propel,  etc.     To  force  onward.     See  Push. 

Provoke.     To  rouse  to  activity. 

Put  a  sop  in  the  pan.     To  put  a  bit  of  choice  food  in  the  pan. 

Put  up  to.     To  instigate  toward  an  action. 

Seduce.     To  lead  astray  or  toward  some  wrong  action- 

Set  an  example.     To  determine  a  precedent. 

Set  on.     Toincite;  impel. 

Set  the  fashion.     To  determine  what  the  fashion  shall  be. 

Spirit  up.     To  excite  to  action ;  encourage. 

Spur.     To  urge  or  drive  on. 

Stimulate,  etc.  To  rouse  to  greater  activity;  animate  See  Ex- 
citation. 

Suborn.     To  instigate  or  urge  toward  an  evil  act. 

Sway.  To  have  control  over;  influence  easily,  as  passions  of  ths 
people 

Talk  over.     To  persuade;  convince;  win  over. 

Tamper  with.     To  interfere  with,  fraudulently. 

Tantalize.     To  irritate  or  annoy. 

Tempt.     To  endeavor  or  attempt  to  lead  toward  a  wrong  action 

Throw  a  sop  to.     To  attempt  to  pacify. 

Turn  the  head.     To  turn  and  face  in  the  opposite  direction. 

Turn  the  scales.     To  settle ;  determine. 

Urge.     To  impel  either  by  force  or  argument. 

Weigh  with.     To  have  influence  with. 

Wheedle.     To  persuade  by  means  of  coaxing  or  flattering  words 

Whip.     To  urge  or  drive  on. 

Win  over.     To  gain  over,  as  to  a  different  position  or  opinion. 

Work  upon.     To  exert  influence  over. 

Yield  to  temptation.     To  give  in  to  allurements. 


MOTIVE. 


685 


MOULD. 


MOTIVE— Continued. 
Motive — A  djectives. 


Attractive.     Possessing  the  power  to  allure  or  win  over;  pleasing. 

Disposed.     Inclined  toward.  , 

Fascinating,      etc.     Charming,      enchanting;  very      pleasing.     See 

Pleasurableness. 
Hortative.  I  T     •*• 
Hortatory./  Incitl°S'.  encouraging. 

Impulsive.     Moved  by  feeling  rather  than  reflection. 

Induced,  etc.     Influenced  as  by   persuasion  to  do  some  act.     See 

Verbs. 
Inspired  by.     Stimulated:  influenced. 
Instinct  with.     Animated  with;  imbued  with. 
Inviting.     Pleasing;  attractive. 


Motive.     Having  the  power  to  incite  to  action. 

Persuadable,  etc.     Open  to  influence  or  persuasion.     See  Readiness. 

Persuasive.     Having  the  power  to  persuade  or  influence. 

Protreptical.     Hortatory. 

Provocative,  etc.     Having  the  power  to  incite  or  influence.     See 

Excitation. 
Seductive.     Having  the  power  to  seduce  or  lead  astray. 
Smitten  with.     Overcome  with;  very  much  attracted  by. 
Spellbound.     Influenced  or  fascinated,  as  by  a  magic  charm. 
Suasive.     Persuasive. 
Tempting,  etc.     Attractive;  seductive.     See  Verbs. 


Motive — Adverbs. 


A3.     Since;  because. 
Because.     On  account  of;  by  reason  of. 
By  reason  of.     On  account  of. 
For.     Because ;  by  reason  of. 
For  all  the  world. 
Forasmuch  as.     Considering  that. 
For  that  reason.     Therefore. 

For  the  sake  of.     On  account  of  affectionate  interest  felt  for  a  person 
or  thing. 


For  this  reason.     Wherefore. 

From.     Away;  forth;  hence. 

From  that  motive.     From  that  desire. 

From  this  motive.     From  this  desire. 

On  account  of.     For  the  sake  or  reason  of. 

On  principle.     In  accordance  with  integrity. 

On  the  score  of.     On  account  of. 

Out  of.     From  that  source. 

Therefore,  etc.     For  that  reason.     See  Rationale. 


Motive — Phrase, 
Fax  mentis,  incendium  gloria  [L.J.     A  burning  desire  for  glory  is  a  toich  to  the  mind. 


MOTIVE— DEHORTATION. 


Dehortation. 

Check.     Whatever  arrests  progress  or  limits  action.     See  Obstruc- 
tion. 

Cohibition,  etc.     Hindrance;  restraint.     See  Release. 

Contraindication.     The  act  of  doing  anything  in  a  manner  opposite 
to  what  is  usual  or  expected. 

Curb.     That  which  restrains  or  subdues. 
.  Damper.     That  which  checks  or  discourages. 

Dehortation.     Advice  or  counsel  against  anything. 

Deprecation,    etc.      The    act    of   pleading   earnestly   against.     See 
Petition. 

Discouragement.     The  act  of  depressing  the  spirits  of,  or  deterring. 

Dissuasion.     The  act  of  advising  or  arguing  against  anything. 

Expostulation.     The  act  of  reasoning  earnestly  with  a  person  to 
convince  him  of  an  error  in  his  course. 

Reluctance,  etc.     The  act  of  being  unwilling  to  yield.     See  Readi- 
ness. 

Remonstrance.     The  act  of  urging  reasons  against  an  action   or 
course. 

Wet  blanket.     Anything  which  dispirits  or  discourages 

Dehortation — Verbs. 
Act  as  a  drag,  etc.     To  restrain.     See  Obstruction. 
Blunt.     To  repress,  as  a  desire. 
Calm.     To  soothe;  make  tranquil. 
Chill.     To  check  the  enthusiasm  of. 

Contraindicate.     To  act  contrary  to  the  usual  or  expected  course. 
Cool.     To  lose  the  heat  of  excitement  or  passion. 
Cry  out  against.     To  oppose. 
Damp.     To  discourage ;  dishearten. 
Decline.     To  depress;  deviate  from  rectitude. 
Dehort.     To  urge  against. 

Deter.     To  restrain  by  means  of  some  counteracting  motive. 
Discourage.     To  depress:  dishearten. 
Disenchant.     To  take  away  a  charm,  disillusion. 


Dishearten.     To  take  away  courage  or  cheer. 

Disincline.     To  excite  a  slight  aversion  to. 

Dispirit.     To  discourage;  take  away  the  spirit. 

Dissuade.     To  argue  or  advise  against  anything. 

Expostulate.     To  earnestly  argue  with  a  person  in  order  to  deter  him 

from  some  act. 
Hold  back.     To  restrain ;  hold  in  check. 
Indispose.     To  render  adverse. 

Keep  back,  etc.     To  hold  in  restraint.     S  e  Release. 
Quench.     To  cause  to  end  or  cease. 
Quiet.     To  bring  to  rest;  calm. 

Remonstrate.     To  present  and  urge  reasons  in  opposition. 
Render  adverse,  etc.     To  make  opposed  to.    See  Readiness 
Repel.     To  drive  from. 

Shake.     To  make  infirm  or  unsteady,  as  a  resolution.  , 

Stagger.     To  cause  a  person  to  give  way. 
Throw  cold  water  on.     To  discourage;  dishearten. 
Turn  aside,  etc.     To  deviate.     See  Aim. 
Warn.     To  make  aware  or  give  notice  of  some  danger. 
Wean  from.     To  estrange,  as  from  former  habits. 

Dehortation — Adjectives. 

Averse,  etc.     Turned  away  or  aside  in  mind.     See  Readiness. 

Dehortatory.     Arguing  or  advising  against. 

Dissuaded,  etc.     Advising  or  attempting  to  change  from  some  course 

or  action.     See  Verbs. 
Dissuading,  etc.     Arguing  against.     See  Verbs. 
Dissuasive.     Tending  to  dissuade. 
Expostulary.     Arguing  earnestly  to  convince  a  person  of  an  error. 

Monitory  I  Advisin£»  &™%  friendly  counsel. 
Repugnant,  etc.     Repulsive  to  the  feelings  or  taste.     See  Desire. 
Uninduced,  etc.     Not  to  be  influenced.     See  Influence. 
Unpersuadable,  etc.     Not  to  be  persuaded;  obstinate.     See  Btcotrt 


mot'-ley.  Variegated  in  color.  Mixture-Homoge- 
neity, Uniform-Multiform,  Variegation;  wearer 
of  the  motley,  Wag. 

mo'-tor.     Machine.     Electricity. 

mo'-to-ry.     Causing  motion.     Movbment-Rest. 

mots,  flux  de  [F.]  (mo,  flu  de).  Too  much  talk.  Lo- 
quacity-Taciturnity. 

mot'-tled.     Variegated.     Variegation. 

mot'-to.  Maxim;  rule  of  conduct.  Adage-Nonsense, 
Phrase,  Sign. 

motu,  ex  mero  [L.l  (mo'-tiu,  ex  mr*-ro).  Of  his  own 
accord.     Rule-License. 


motu  suo  [L.]  (mo'-tiu  siu'-o).  Of  his  own  accord. 
Volition-Obligation. 

mou-chard'.  A  French  police  spy.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 

mould.  Earthy  material;  that  of  which  anything  is 
made;  a  fungous  growth;  cast;  matrix;  to  fashion; 
to  make  the  most  of.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Con- 
dition-Situation, Conversion-Reversion,  Copy- 
Model,  Delineation-Caricature,  Form-Form- 
lessness, Ocean-Land,  Sculpture,  Texture,  Usb- 
Misuse,  Zoology-Botany.    See  Mold. 


MOULDED. 


686 


MOVEMENT— REST. 


mould'-ed.  Fashioned.  Affections;  moulded  on, 
Imitation-Originality.     See  Molded. 

mould'-er.  To  decay;  deteriorate.  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Cleanness-Filthiness.    See  Molder. 

mould'-ing.  Narrow  surface  used  for  decorating.  Em- 
bellishment-Disfigurement.    See  Molding. 

mould'-y.  Overgrown  with  mold.  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Cleanness-Filthiness.     See  Moldy. 

tnoulin  a  paroles  [F.]  (mu-lan''  a  pa-rol').  A  chatter- 
box.    Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

mouline  se  battre  contre  des  [F.]  (mu-lin'  sc  batr 
con'tr  de).    To  fight  against  the  bugbears.    Useful- 

NESS-USELESSNESS. 

moult.     To  shed.     Dress-Undress.     See  Molt. 

moult'-ing.  Shedding  the  skin  or  feathers.  Dress- 
Undress.     See  Molting. 

mound.  A  defense;  a  hill.  Attack-Defense,  Great- 
ness-Littleness, Height-Lowness. 

mount.  To  ascend;  hill;  display.  Ascent-Descent, 
Elevation-Depression,  Height-Lowness,  Pomp; 
mount  guard,  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Se- 
curity-Insecurity; mount  up,  Money,  Price- 
Discount. 

moun'-tain.  A  high  elevation ;  something  of  great  mag- 
nitude. Greatness-Littleness,  Heaviness-Light- 
ness, Height-Lowness;  make  mountains  of  mole- 
hills, Overvaluation-Undervaluation;  mountain 
brought  forth  mouse,  Prevision-Disappointment; 
mountain  in  labor,  Provision-Waste;  mountain 
range,  Geology. 

moun"-tain-eer/.  One  who  climbs  mountains.  Way- 
farer-Seafarer. 

moun'-tain-ous.  Resembling  a  mountain.  Height- 
Lowness. 

mount'-e-bank.  A  vendor  of  quack  medicines;  a  char- 
latan.   Acting,  Gull-Deceiver,  Wag. 

mounted  rifles.    Rifles  fixed  in  a  setting.    Weapon. 

mourn.  To  lament;  to  grieve.  Jubilation-Lamenta- 
tion, Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Pleasure- 
Pain. 

mourn'-ful.  Lamentable;  sad;  afflicting.  Jubilation- 
Lamentation,  Lightheartedness  -  Dejection, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

mourn'-ing.  Dress  manifesting  grief.  Dress-Un- 
dress, Jubilation-Lamentation  in  mourning, 
Jubilation-Lamentation,  Whiteness-Blackness. 

mouse.  A  small  animal;  to  prowl  about.  Greatness- 
Littleness,  Investigation;  mountain  brought  forth 
mouse,  Expectation-Disappointment;  not  a  mouse 
stirring,  Movement-Rest. 

mouse'-col"-ored.     Of  a  grayish  color.     Gray-Brown.  . 

mouse'-hole".  A  hole  made  by  a  mouse.  Aperture- 
Closure. 


mouse'-trap".  A  deceitful  device.  Truthfulness* 
Fraud. 

mousseux  [F.]  (mu-st/).     Foaming.     Viscidity-Foam. 

mouth.  An  opening;  receptacle;  estuary;  eat;  to  enun- 
ciate; to  drawl.  Aperture-Closure,  Beginning- 
End,  Border,  .  Contents-Receiver,  Entrance- 
Exit,  Gulf-Plain,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Speech- 
Inarticulateness,  Vocalization-Muteness;  deep- 
mouthed,  Cry-Ululation,  Resonance -Nonreso- 
nance;  down  in  the  mouth,  Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness;  make  mouths,  Regard-Disrespect;  mouth 
honor,  Adulation-Disparagement,  Pomp,  Truth- 
fulness -  Falsehood,  Uprightness  -  Dishonesty  ; 
mouth  watering,  Desire-Distaste;  open  one's 
mouth,  Speech-Inarticulateness;  pass  from  mouth 
to  mouth,  Publicity;  stop  one's  mouth,  Vocaliza- 
tion-Muteness; word  of  mouth,  Speech-Inarticu- 
lateness. 

mouth'-ful.  As  much  as  the  mouth  will  hold;  a  small 
quantity.  Magnitude-Smallness,  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion, Quantity-Measure. 

mouth'-piece  .  A  spokesman.  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy, Interpreter,  Messenger,  Speech-Inar- 
ticulateness. 

mouth'-y.    Verbose.     Simplicity-Floridness. 

moutonne  [F.]  (mu-to-ne').  Curled.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity. 

mentions,  rcvenons  a  nos  [F.]  (mu-ton',  re-ve-non''  a 
no).  Let  us  return  to  our  subject.  Renovation- 
Relapse. 

mov'-a-ble.  That  may  be  moved.  Movement-Rest, 
Transfer. 

mov'-a-bles.     Personal  property.     Property. 

move.  To  change  place;  incite;  begin;  propose;  a 
movement.  Action-Passiveness,  Beginning-End, 
Enterprise,  Excitation,  Hypothesis,  Motive- 
Caprice,  Movement-Rest,  Proffer-Refusal;  good 
move,  Design;  move  forward,  Advance-Retro- 
gression; move  from,  Approach-Withdrawal; 
move  heaven  and  earth,  Toil-Relaxation;  move  in 
a  groove,  Conventionality-Unconventionality; 
move  off,  Approach-Withdrawal,  Arrival-De- 
parture; move  on,  Activity-Indolence,  Advance- 
Retrogression;  move  out  of,  Entrance-Exit;  move 
quickly,  Swiftness-Slowness;  move  slowly,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Hurry-Leisure,  Swiftness- 
Slowness;  move  to,  Politeness-Impoliteness;  on 
the  move,  Arrival-Departure. 

moved  with.     Influenced  by.     Emotion. 

move'-less.     Motionless.     Movement-Rest. 

mov«'-ment.  Act  of  moving;  rhythmical  procession  of 
apiece.  Action-Passiveness,  Activity-Indolence, 
Movement-Rest,  Music. 


MOVEMENT— REST. 


Angular  velocity.     The  rate  of  revolution  around  a  fixed  axis. 

Cadence.     The  act  or  state  of  declining  or  sinking. 

Carriage.     The  act  of  transporting  or  conveying.   . 

Course.     Motion  considered  with  reference  to  manner. 

Evolution.  A  prescribed  movement  of  a  body  of  troops,  or  of  a 
vessel  or  fleet. 

Flow.     To  glide  along  smoothly. 

Flux.     A  continuous  moving  on  or  passing  by. 

Footfall.     A  footstep. 

Gait.     Manner  of  walking  or  stepping. 

Going,  etc.     Movement  from  place  to  place.     See  Verbs. 

Journey,  etc.     See  Traveling. 

Kinematics.  That  branch  of  mechanics  which  treats  of  motion 
without  reference  to  the  forces  which  produce  it. 

Laws  of  motion.  Regular  modes  of  the  action  of  force,  as  of  gravi- 
tation . 

Locomotion.     The  act  of  moving  from  place  to  place. 

Mobility.     State  of  flowing  with  great  ease. 

Mobilization.     Act  of  putting  into  readiness  for  active  service. 

Motion.     Successive  change  of  place  or  position. 

Motive  power.     A  natural  agent  used  to  impart  motion. 


Dead  calm.  J  A  state  of  Perfect  reP°se- 

Deadlock.     A  block  or  stoppage  of  business. 

T>     A  '  i  Complete  cessation  from  progress  or  motion. 

Fix.     A  position  from  which  it  is  difficult  to  extricate  oneself. 

Fixity.     The  state  of  being  fixed. 

Full  stop.     Complete  cessation  of  motion. 

Immobility.     State  of  being  immovable. 

Indisturbance.     Calmness  or  repose. 

Lock.     A  fixed  and  immovable  position. 

Lull,  etc.     A  momentary  stoppage.     See  Discontinuance. 

Not  a  breath  stirring.)  perfect      .     orcalmncss. 

Not  a  mouse  stirring  J 

Pause.     A  momentary  state  of  repose. 

Peace.     A  state  of  quiet  or  tranquillity. 

Quiescence.     The  state  of  being  at  rest. 

Quiet.     Freedom  from  motion. 

Quietism.     The  practise  of  striving  after  undisturbable  tranquillity  of 

mind. 
Repose,  etc.     State  of  being  at  rest.     See  Toil-Relaxation. 


MOVEMENT. 


687 


MOVEMENT— REST. 


MOVEMENT— REST— Continued. 


Movableness.     Quality  or  state  of  being  movable. 

Move.     The  act  of  moving  from  one  position  to  another. 

Movement.     Change  of  place  or  posture. 

Pace.     A  single  movement  from  one  foot  to  another  in  walking 

Port.     The  manner  in  which  a  person  bears  himself. 

Progress.     A  moving  or  going  forward.  * 

Rate.     Degree  of  movement. 

Restlessness,  etc.     State  of  being  unsettled.     See  Mutability. 

Run.     Continued  movement. 

Step.      An   advance    or   movement  made  by  one   removal  of  the 

foot. 
Stir.     Various  movements. 
Stream.     A  continued  course. 
Stride.     The  act  of  passing  over  with  long  steps. 
Transit,  etc.     The  act  of  passing  from  one  place  to  another.     See 

Impetus. 
Unrest.     Want  of  rest  or  repose. 
Velocity.     Quickness  of  motion. 
Voyage.     A   passage   from   one   place   to  another  by   water.     See 

Traveling. 

Movement — Verbs. 

Be  in  motion,  etc.     To  be  in  a  state  of  successive  change  of  place  or 

position.     See  Adiectives. 
Budge.     To  move ,  change  place  or  position. 
Change  one's  place.     Take  anew  position. 
Change  one's  quarters.     Take  a  new  lodging. 
Dodge.     To  evade  by  moving  quickly  to  one  side. 
Drift.     To  move  slowly,  float,  as  in  a  current. 
Flit.     To  move  lightly,  as  a  bird. 
Flow.     To  move  smoothly;  glide. 
Gang.     To  go. 

Glide.     To  move  smoothly  and  without  noise. 
Go.     To  change  position  by  moving  from  one  place  to  another. 
Hie.     To  move  in  haste. 
Hover  abou  .    r  ^,Q  move  aDOUt  or  around  slowly  and  lingeringly. 

Impel.     To  drive  forward. 

Keep  going.     Go  on. 

Keep  moving.     Move  on. 

Mobilize.     To  get  into  a  state  of  readiness  for  immediate  action. 

Move.     To  change  place  or  position. 

Pass.     To  move  in  space. 

Propel,  etc.     To  cause  to  move.     See  Push. 

Put  in  motion.     Start  up. 

Render  movable.     To  make  movable. 

Roll.     To  move  by  turning  around. 

Roll  on.     To  move  forward. 

Run.     To  move  swiftly  on  the  feet. 

Set  in  motion.     Start  up . 

Shift.     To  move  from  place  to  place. 

Shift  one's  place.     Take  a  new  place. 

Shift  one's  quarters.      Take  new  lodgings.  ■ 

Slide.     To  move  with  a  gliding,  slipping  motion. 

Stir.     To  move. 

Stream.     To  move  like  flowing  water. 

Sweep  along.     To  carry  along  with  a  strong,  steady  motion. 

Walk,  etc.     To  move  with  steps.     See  Traveling. 

Wander,  etc.     To  journey      See  Aim. 

Movement — Adjectives. 

Erratic,  etc.     Wandering.     See  Aim. 
In  motion.     Moving;  changing  position. 
Mercurial.     Quickly  moving  or  changing,  like  mercury. 
Mobile.     Moving;  changing. 
Motive.     Possessing  the  power  to  move. 
Motory.     Having  the  power  to  produce  motion. 
Movable.     Possessing  the  power  to  move. 
Moving,  etc.     Changing  position.     See  Verbs. 

Nomadic,  etc.     Wandering  from  one  place  to  another      See  Travel- 
ing. 
Restless,  etc.     In  a  state  of  motion.     See  Mutability. 
Shifting.     Going  from  place  to  place. 

Transitional.      Moving  from  one  place  or  state  to  another. 
Unquiet.     Restless. 


On  the  march. 
On  the  move. 
On  the  tramp. 
On  the  wing. 
Under  way. 


Movement — Adverbs,  etc. 


Moving  from  place  to  place. 


Rest.     The  act  or  state  of  being  free  from  all  exertion  or  motion. 
Silence,  etc.    State  of  being  free  from  motion  or  activity.    See  Sound* 

Silence. 
Sleep,  etc.     Complete  rest  or  repose.     See  Activity-Indolence. 
Stagnancy.     A  standing  still. 
Stagnation.     State  of  being  still. 
Stand.     State  of  being  inactive  or  at  rest. 
Standing  still.     State  of  being  at  rest. 
Standstill.     A  complete  pause. 
Statue-like  repose .     Perfect  rest . 

Stillness,  etc.     State  of  being  silent  or  at  rest.    See  Adjectives. 
Tranquillity.     Freedom  from  disturbing  influences. 

Rest — Denotations. 

Bivouac.     A  temporary  encampment  of  soldiers  without  tents. 

Catalepsy.  A  sudden  suspension  of  consciousness  and  obstinat. 
muscular  rigidity. 

Embargo.  A  prohibition  by  a  government  restraining  vessels  from 
leaving  its  ports. 

Goal,  etc.  The  objective  point  or  terminus  that  one  is  striving  to 
reach.     See  Arrival. 

Haven,  etc.     A  place  of  anchorage  for  ships.     See  Refuge. 

Home,  etc.  One's  fixed  place  of  abode.  See  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

Pillow,  etc.  A  case  stuffed  with  feathers,  used  as  a  support  when  one 
is  reclining  or  sleeping.     See  Suspension-Support. 

Rest — Verbs. 

Abide.     To  remain  at  rest  or  continue  in  a  place  or  condition. 

Alight,  etc.     To  come  to  rest  upon.     See  Arrival 

Anchor.     To  make  secure  or  abiding. 

Be  at  a  stand,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Becalm.     To  make  quiet  or  calm. 

Be  quiescent,  etc.     To  be  in  a  state  of  rest.     See  Adjectives. 

Bring  to.     To  cause  a  ship  to  become  nearly  stationary. 

Cast  anchor.     To  throw  anchor. 

Come  to  an  anchor.     Bring  to  anchor. 

Draw  up.     To  set  in  array. 

Dwell,  etc.     To  pause.     See  Presence. 

Go  to  bed.     To  retire. 

Halt.     To  stop;  stand  still. 

Heave  to.     To  be  almost  at  a  standstill. 

Hold.     To  remain  firm  or  unchanged. 

Hold  the  breath.     To  remain  very  still. 

Hush.     To  make  quiet. 

Keep  quiet.     To  remain  still. 

Keep  within  doors.     Stay  in  the  house. 

Lay  an  embargo  on.     To  forbid  foreign  commerce. 

Lay  to.     To  come  to  a  stop. 

Let  alone.     To  have  nothing  to  do  with. 

Let  well  enough  alone.  To  leave  untouched  what  is  doing  well 
enough. 

Lie  still.     To  remain  quiet  while  lying. 

Lie  to.     To  bring  a  ship  to  an  almost  stationary  state. 

Lull  to  sleep.     To  soothe  to  rest. 

Mark  time.  To  go  through  the  movements  of  walking  without  ad- 
vancing. 

Hot  stir  a  peg.  |  To  stand  stm 

Not  stir  a  step  J 

Pause.     To  rest  momentarily. 

Pull  up.     To  stop. 

Quell.     To  cause  to  make  quiet.  ^ 

Quieta  non  movere  [L-0-     Quiet  not  to  move. 

Remain.     To  continue  in  one  place. 

Remain  in  situ.     To  remain  in  its  natural  position. 

Repose.     To  be  free  from  all  toil  and  exertion. 

Repose  on  one's  laurels.  To  be  satisfied  with  one's  distinctions  and 
not  try  for  more. 

Rest.     To  cease  in  activity,  to  be  without  motion. 

Rest  and  be  thankful.     Be  quiet  and  give  thanks. 

Rest  on  one's  oars.     To  hold  a  boat  stationary. 

Ride  at  anchor.     To  float  while  fastened  with  an  anchor. 

Settle,  etc.     To  come  to  a  state  of  rest.     See  Establishment, 

Stagnate.     To  become  inactive. 

Stand .     To  rest  on  the  feet  while  in  an  erect  position. 

Stand  like  a  post.     To  stand  very  still  and  stiff. 

Standstill.     Halt. 

Stay.     To  remain  in  one  place. 

Stay  at  home.     Remain  at  home. 

Stick.     To  be  attached  to. 

Stick  fast.     To  be  firmly  attached  to. 

Stop,  etc  To  come  to  rest  or  cease  from  motion.  See  Discontinu- 
ance. 


MOVEMENT. 


688 


MUG-HOUSE. 


MOVEMENT— REST—  Continued. 


Movement — Phrases. 


REST — Verbs— Continued. 


Eppur  si  muove  [It.].     Yet  it  [the  earth]  does  move.     [Galileo.] 
Es  bildet  ein  Talent  sick  in  der  stille,  sick  ein  Charakter  in  dent  Strom 

der    Welt  [G  ].     Talent   is   built   up   in    quiet,  character   in  the 

stream  of  the  warld. 


REST — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Still.     Silent,  without  motion. 

Still  as  a  mouse. 

Still  as  a  post. 

Still  as  a  statue. 

Still  as  death. 

Stock  still.     Entirely  motionless. 

Undisturbed.     Without  agitation. 

Unmoved.     Not  to  be  moved ;  still. 

Unruffled.      Not  discomposed  or  agitated. 

Un traveled.     Not  passed  over. 

Rest — A  dverbs. 

At  a  stand,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

At  the  halt. 

Tout  court  [F.X     Very  short. 

Rest — Interjections. 

Avastl  -    A    nautical    expression    meaning  halt;  haltl    hold    hardl 
stay!  stop  I  whoa  I 

Rest — Phrase. 

Requiescat  in  pace  [h.\     May  he  rest  in  peace;  R.  I.  P. 


Stop  short.     To  stop  suddenly. 
Take  breath. 

Rest — Adjectives. 

At  anchor.     Fastened  with  an  anchor,  without  motion. 

At  a  stand. 

At  a  standstill. 

At  rest.     Without  motion. 

Becalmed.     Made  quiet  because  of  lack  of  wind,  as  a  ship. 

Calm.     Motionless;  quiet. 

Cataleptic.     Pertaining  to  a  disease  in  which  consciousness  is  lost  and 
the  muscles  become  rigid. 

Fixed.     Made  firm  or  solid;  immovable. 

Immovable,  etc.     Fixed ;  not  movable.     See  Mutability. 

Motionless.     At  perfect  rest. 

Moveless.     Not  to  be  moved. 

Quiescent.     In  a  state  of  repose. 

Quiet.     In  a  state  of  rest  or  repose. 

Restful.     At  rest;  in  a  state  of  repose. 

Sedentary.     Lacking  in  activity. 

Silent,  etc.     Without  sound ;  still .     See  Sound. 

Sleeping,  etc.     Pertaining  to  slumber,  rest,  or  inactivity.     See  Ac- 
tivity. 

Stagnant.     At  rest,  without  motion. 

Standing  still,  etc.     Motionless.     See  Verbs. 

Stationary.     At  rest,  without  motion. 

Stay-at-home.     Pertaining  to  a  person  always  staying  at  home. 
(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


mov'-er.  One  who  causes  movement.  Maker-De- 
stroyer. 

mov'-ing,  keep.  To  cause  to  stay  in  motion.  Activity- 
Indolence. 

mow.  To  cut  grass;  place  in  a  barn  where  hay  or  grain 
is  stored.  Domestication-Agriculture,  Length- 
Shortness,  Smoothness-Roughness,  Store;  mow 
down,  Creation-Destruction. 

mox'-a.  A  material  for  cauterizing.  Heating-Cool- 
ing. 

mc-zet'-ta.  A  cape  worn  by  Roman  Catholic  Church 
dignitaries.     Vestments. 

M.  P.     Member  of  Parliament.     Council. 

Mr.     Mister.     Male-Female,  Title. 

Mrs.     Mistress.     Male-Female. 

MS.     Manuscript.     Writing-Printing. 

much.  Great  in  quantity  or  amount.  Magnitude- 
Smallness;  make  much  of,  Amity-Hostility,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Blandishment,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Love -Hate;  much  ado, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Toil-Relaxation;  much  ado 
about  nothing,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Over- 
valuation-Undervaluation, Skill  -Unskilful- 
ness;  much  cry  and  little  wool,  Bragging;  much 
speaking,  Talkativeness-Taciturnity;  much  the 
same,  Equality-Inequality,  Likeness-Unlike- 
hess,  Sameness-Contrast;  not  say  much  for,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval; think  much  of,  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Overvaluation  -  Undervaluation, 
Regard-Disrespect. 

mu'-cid.  Slimy;  semiliquid.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness, Viscidity-Foam. 

mu'-ci-lage.     A  gummy  substance.     Viscidity-Foam. 

mu"-ci-lag'-in-ous.     Slimy.     Viscidity-Foam. 

muck.  Moist  manure.  Cleanness-Filthiness;  run 
amuck,  Attack-Defense,  Excitability-Inexci- 
tability,  Life-Killing. 

muck'-er.  A  rough,  low  fellow.  Good  Man-Bad 
Man. 

muck'-le.     Much.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

muck'-worm".  Miser;  low-born.  Extravagance- 
Avarice,  Gentility-Commonalty. 

mu'-cor.     Moldiness.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

mu-cos'-i-ty.     Mucousness.     Viscidity-Foam. 


mu'-cous.     Slimy.     Viscidity-Foam. 

mu'-cro-nate.  Ending  in  a  point.  Sharpness- 
Bluntness. 

mu'-cro-na"-ted.     Pointed.     Sharpness-BluntneSs 

mu'-cu-lent.     Slimy.     Viscidity-Foam. 

mu'-cus.     Animal  mucilage.     Viscidity-Foam. 

mud.  Moistened  earth;  mire.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness, Swamp-Island,  Viscidity-Foam;  clear  as 
mud,  Clearness-Obscurity;  stick  in  the  mud,  Dif- 
ficulty-Facility, Success-Failure. 

mud'-dle.  To  confuse;  a  confused  condition ;  absurd. 
Adage-Nonsense,  Heed-Disregard,  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization, Regularity-Irregularity  ; 
muddle  one's  brain,  Certainty-Doubt. 

mud'-dled.  Intoxicated.  Teetotalism-Intemper- 
ance. 

mud'-dle-head"-ed.     Stupid.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

mud'-dy.  Damp;  clouded;  stupid.  Clearness-Ob- 
scurity, Color-Achromatism,  Dampness-Dryness, 
Diaphaneity-Opaqueness,  Dimness,  Sagacity-In- 
capacity, Swamp-Island,  Viscidity-Foam. 

mud'-lark".  One  who  cleans  gutters;  a  street-child. 
Cleanness-Filthiness,  Gentility-Commonalty. 

mu-ez'-zin.     A  public  crier.     Ministry-Laity. 

muff.  A  bungler;  a  covering  to  keep  the  hands  warm; 
incapable.  Adept -Bungler,  Dress -Undress, 
Power-Impotence. 

muf'-fle.  To  wrap;  to  keep  secret;  to  speak  indis- 
tinctly; silent.  Dress-Undress,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Sound-Silence,  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness, Vocalization-Muteness. 

muf'-fled.  Faint;  latent.  Loudness-Faintness, 
Manifestation-Latency;  muffled  drums,  Life- 
Funeral,  Resonance-Nonresonance. 

muf'-fler.     A  wrap  for  the  neck.     Dress-Undress. 

muf'-ti.  Citizen's  dress;  a  judge;  priest.  Dress- 
Undress,  Judge,  Ministry-Laity. 

mug.  Face;  cup;  pottery.  Anteriority -Pos- 
teriority, Contents-Receiver.  Heating-Cool- 
ing. 

mug'-gy-  Moist;  opaque;  dim.  Dampness-Dry- 
ness, Diaphaneity-Opaqueness,  Dimness. 

mug'-house".  An  ale-house.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 


MUGIENT. 


689 


MULTIPLICITY— PAUCITY. 


mu'-gi-eat.     Lowing.     Cry-Ululation. 

mujer,  es  de  vidrio  la  [Sp.]  (mu-her',  es  de  vi'-dri-o, 
la).      Woman  is  made  of  glass.     Male-Female. 

mu-lat'-to.  One  having  part  white  and  part  negro 
blood.  Conventionality-Unconventionality, 

Mixture-Homogeneity. 

mulct.     Fine;  to  fine.    Recompense-Penalty.  Theft. 

mule.  Obstinate;  hybrid;  beast  of  burden.  Big- 
otry-Apostasy, Conventionality-Unconvention- 
ality,  Conveyer. 

mu"-le-teer'.     A  mule-driver.     Manager. 

mu"-li-eb'-ri-ty.     Womanhood.     Male-Female. 

mulier  nihil  est  lertium,  ant  amat  aut  odit  [L.]  (miu'- 
li-er  nai'-hil  est  ter'-shi-trm,  aut  e'-mat  aut  o'-dit). 
A  woman  loves  or  she  hates;  no  third  course  exists 
for  her.     Love-Hate. 

mu'-lish.     Obstinate.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

mull.  A  promontory;  to  sweeten.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Sweetness-Acidity. 

mul'-lion.  A  division-piece  in  a  window.  Archi- 
tecture, Suspension-Support. 

mul"-ti-fa'-ri-ous.  Having  great  variety  or  diversity. 
Connection  -  Independence,  Uniformity  -  Diver- 
sity, Uniformity-Multiformity. 

mul"-ti-fa'-ri-ous-ness.  Great  variety.  Multiplicity- 
Paucity,  Rule-Multiformity. 

mul'-ti-fid.      Divided.     Whole-Part. 

mul'-ti-foil .     Radiating.     Architecture. 

mul'-ti-f  old .      Manifold.      Uniformity-Multiformity. 


mul'-ti-form.  Having  many  forms.  Rule-Multi- 
formity, Uniformity-Diversity. 

mul"-ti-form'-i-ty.  Diversity  of  forms.  Uniformity- 
Multiformity. 

mul"-ti-gen'-er-ous.  Having  many  kinds.  Uniform- 
ity-Multiformity. 

mul"-ti-lat'-er-al.  Having  many  sides.  Angularity, 
Laterality-Ccntraposition,  Proportion-Deform- 
ity. 

mul-ti-loc'-u-lar.     Many-celled.     Contents-Receiver. 

mul-til'-o-quence.  Loquacity.  Speech-Inarticu- 
lateness, Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

mul"-ti-no'-mi-al.  Polynomial.  Multiplicity- 

Paucity. 

mul-tip'-a-rous.  Producing  many  at  a  birth.  Fer- 
tility-Sterility. 

mul"-ti-par'-tite.  Divided  into  many  parts.  Union- 
Disunion. 

mul'-ti-ple.  A  quantity  containing  another  an  even 
number  of  times.     Multiplicity-Paucity,  Number. 

mul'-tl-pli-cand".  A  number  multiplied  by  another. 
Number. 

mul"-ti-pli-ca'-tion.  Act  of  multiplying.  Fertility- 
Sterility,  Multipiicity- Paucity,  Numbering, 
Renewal. 

mul'-ti-pli-ca"-tor.  The  multiplying  number.  Num- 
ber. 

mul"-ti-plic'-i-ty.  Condition     of    being    manifold 

Multiplicity-Paucity. 


MULTIPLICITY— PAUCITY. 


A  quantity.     A  certain  number  which  can  be  determined. 

Enormous  number.  1   .  ,        ,         . ,  . 

i  A  number  above  the  usual. 


A  number  above  the  ordinary  measure. 


Greater  number. 

Great  number,  i 

Large  number.) 

Lots.     A  large  number. 

Majority.  The  greater  part  of  any  number  or  quantity:  more  than 
half. 

Multiple.  The  resultant  obtained  by  multiplying  a  quantity  by 
whole  numbers. 

Multiplication.  The  process  of  adding  one  number  to  itself  as  many 
times  as  there  are  units  in  another  number. 

Multiplicity.     The  state  of  being  manifold ;  a  great  number. 

Multitude.     A  vast  number. 

Nonillion.  A  number  represented  by  a  unit  with  thirty  ciphers  an- 
nexed. 

Numbers.     An  assemblage  of  units. 

„u      r0c-tv" )  The  state  of  being  in  a  great  number. 

Numerousness.     The  quality  of  consisting  of  great  numbers. 

Profusion,  etc.     Great  abundance.     See  Sufficiency. 

Quadrillion.     According  to  the  French  system,  a  unit  with  fifteen 

ciphers  annexed. 
Round  number.     A  full  or  complete  number. 
Scores.     Twenty  taken  more  than  once;  a  large  number. 

Multiplicity — Denotations. 

All  the  world  and  his  wife.     Everybody. 

Army.     A  body  of  men  armed  for  war. 

Array.     A  body  of  persons  placed  in  regular  arrangement. 

Bevy.     A  collection  of  persons,  especially  of  ladies. 

Brood.     The  young  birds  hatched  at  the^ame  time. 

Bushel.     A  quantity  that  fills  a  bushel  measure. 

Centiped.     A  venomous  insect  having  a  great  number  of  feet. 

Cloud.     A  great  crowd  or  multitude. 

Covey.     A  brood  or  hatch  of  birds. 

Crowd,  etc.  A  number  of  persons  collected  into  a  close  body.  See 
Gathering. 

Draft.     A  force  or  detachment  of  soldiers. 

Drove.     A  collection  of  cattle  driven. 

Farrow.     A  litter  of  pigs. 

Flight.  A  number  of  beings  or  things  passing  through  the  air  to- 
gether. 

Flock.     A  company  or  collection  of  living  creatures. 

Fry.      A  swarm  or  crowd,  especially  of  little  fishes. 

Galaxy.     A  cluster  of  stars. 

Herd.      A  number  of  beasts  assembled  together. 

44 


Decimation.     The  act  of  destroying  a  great  but  indefinite  proportion 

of  the  people. 
Elimination.     The  act  rejecting  or  casting  out  a  certain  number  of 

things  as  useless. 
Fewness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  in  a  small  number;  not  many.     See 

Adjectives. 
Infrequency,  etc.     The  state  of  occurring  not  often.    See  Frequenxy 
Minority.     The  smaller  of  two  parties  or  divisions;  less  than  half. 
Paucity.     Smallness  of  number. 

Rarity,     The  state  of  occurring  at  infrequent  intervals. 
Reduction.     The  act  of  making  less. 
Sarculation.     The  act  of  weeding  with  a  rake. 
Small  number. 
Small  quantity. 
Weeding,  etc.     To  remove  or  root  out  any  obnoxious  thing.     See 

Verbs. 

Paucity — Verbs. 

Be  few,  etc.     To  be  in  a  small  number.     See  Adjectives. 
Decimate.     To  reduce  the  number  of  anything  greatly. 
Diminish  the  number.     To  decrease  the  number. 
Eliminate.     To  sort  out  and  take  away  the  obnoxious  parts  of 

persons. 
Reduce.     To  make  less  in  number. 
Render  few,  etc.     To  make  few.     See  Adjectives. 
Thin.     To  make  less  crowded. 
Weed.     To  root  out  what  is  injurious  or  offensive. 

Paucity — Adjectives. 

Few.     Not  many;  small  m  number. 

Few  and  far  between.     Widely  scattered. 

Hardly  any.     Very  few. 

Infrequent,  etc.     At  large  or  distant  intervals.     See  Frequency. 

Rare.     Occurring  at  distant  intervals. 

Rari  nantes  [L.].     Swimming  here  and  there. 

Reduced,  etc.     Made  less.     See  Verbs. 

Scant.     Scarcely  enough. 

Scanty.     Limited  in  number. 

Scarcely  any.     Very  few;  hardly  any. 

Thin.     Not  crowded. 

Thinly  scattered. 

To  be  counted  on  one's  fingers.     Few  in  number. 

Unrepeated.     Not  recurring. 

Paucity — Adverb. 
Here  and  there.     At  intervals. 


MULTIPLICITY. 


690 


MUNIMENT. 


MULTIPLICITY—  Denotations— Continued. 


Hive.     A  swarm  of  bees. 

Host.     A  great  number  or  multitude  of  anything. 
Legion.     A  great  number. 

Litter.     The  young  brought  forth  at  one  time  by  a  muciparous  ani- 
mal. 
West.    Those  who  occupy  a  nest  or  are  associated  in  the  same  pursuit. 


Peck.     As  much  as  will  fill  a  peck  measure. 

Sea.     Anything  resembling  the  sea  in  vastness. 

Shoal.     A  great  multitude  assembled. 

Sight.     A  great  number,  quantity,  or  sum. 

Swarm.     A  great  number  or  multitude,  as  of  people  in  motion. 


Multiplicity — Verbs. 


Be  numerous,  etc.     To  be  in  great  quantities.     See  Adjectives. 
Come  thick  upon.     To  come  upon  in  great  numbers. 
Creep  with.     To  be  covered  with. 

Crowd.     A  company  of  persons  more  than  rilling  the  place  they  oc- 
cupy. 
Multiply.     To  increase  in  numbers. 
Outnumber.     To  exceed  in  number. 

Multiplicitv- 

A  hundred.  1 

A  million.    >  Expressions  meaning  in  great  numbers;  numerous. 

A  myriad.  J 

And  heaven  knows  what  not.     A  great  many  things  beside. 

And  what  not.     Much  besides. 

A  thousand. 

A  thousand  and  one. 

A  world  of.     A  great  many. 

Briarean.     Hundred -handed. 

Crowded.     Having  or  being  filled  with  great  numbers. 

Divers.     More  than  one,  but  not  in  very  great  numbers. 

Endless.,  etc.     Without  limit  or  end.     See  Infinity. 

Ever  so  many.     Very  many. 

Full  many.     Very  many. 

Half  a  dozen.     Six. 

Half  a  hundred.     Fifty. 

In  profusion.     In  great  numbers. 

Manifold.     Numerous. 

Many.     Composed  of  or  constituting  a  great  number. 

Many  more. 

More  than  one  can  tell.     In  countless  numbers. 

Multinominal.     Having  many  terms. 

Multiple.     Consisting  of  more  than  one. 

Multiplied.     Increased  by  itself. 

Multitudinous .     Consisting  of  great  numbers. 


People.     To  fill  with  persons. 
Swarm.     To  be  crowded. 
Swarm  like  bees. 
Swarm  like  locusts. 
Swarm  with. 
Teem  with. 

—Adjectives. 

No  end  to!)  Numberless. 
Not  a  few.     Many. 

Numberose.l  T  , 

„  tIn  great  numbers. 

Numerous.  > 

Numerous  as  the  hairs  on  the  head.  *)  ,,  .,..    ,. 

Numerous  as  the  sands  on  the  seashore.   L  Multitudinous;  in  great  01 

Numerous  as  the  stars  of  the  firmament  J     countle"  numbers. 

Peopled.     Filled  with  inhabitants. 

Plenty  as  blackberries.     In  great  numbers. 

Populous.     Having  many  inhabitants. 

Profuse.     Superabundant;  in  great  numbers. 

Several.     More  than  one,  but  not  a  great  number. 

Some  forty  or  fifty.     An  uncertain  quantity. 

Some  ten  or  a  dozen. 

Studded.     Thickly  set,  as  with  gems. 

Sundry.     A  small  number;  various. 

Teeming.     Full  with  or  of. 

Thick.     Dense;  containing  a  great  number. 

Thick  as  hail. 

Thick  as  hops.     Very  numerous. 

Thick  coming.     Coming  in  great  numbers. 

Various.     Of  different  kinds ;  divers. 

Very  many.     A  great  many. 


Multiplicity — Phrases. 


Acervatim  [L.J.  In  heaps. 
En  joule  [F.||.  In  a  crowd. 
Their  name  is  "legion."    The  number  of  evil  spirits. 


[Bible  .1 


Vel  prece,  vel  pretio  [L.J. 
for  love  or  money. 


Either  wit.,  prayer  or  with  price;   either 


mul'-ti-pli"-er.     The  multiplying  number.      Number. 

mul'-ti-ply.  Increase.  Fertility-Sterility,  Multi- 
plicity-Paucity, Renewal. 

mul-tip'-o-tent.  Having  manifold  power.  Might- 
Impotence. 

mul'-ti-si"-ded.  Many-sided.  Multiplicity-Paucity, 
Laterality-Contraposition. 

mul-tis'-o-nous.  Emitting  much  sound.  Loudness- 
Faintness. 

mul'-ti-tude.  A  large  number.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness,  Multiplicity-Paucity,  Plurality-Frac- 
tion; the  multitude,  Gentility-Commonalty. 

mul"-ti-tu'-di-nous.  Manifold.  Multiplicity-Pau- 
city. 

multum  in  parvo  [L.j  (mul'-tum  in  par'-vo).  Much  in 
little.     Digest. 

mul'-ture.     A  grinding  of  grain.     Friability. 

mum.  Silent.  Talkativeness-Taciturnity,  Vocal- 
ization-Muteness. 

mum'-ble.  To  chew ;  mutter.  Nutriment-Excretion, 
Speech-Inarticulateness. 

mum'-bo-jum"-bo.  A  demon;  an  object  of  supersti- 
tious fear.    Devotion-Charm,  Jove-Fiend. 

mum'-mer.     A  masked  actor.     Acting. 

mum'-mer-y.  A  masked  performance;  absurdity; 
parade;  imposture.  Adage-Nonsense,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Pomp,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

mum'-mi-fy.     To  embalm.     Life-Funeral. 

mum'-my.     An   embalmed   corpse.      Dampness-Dry- 


ness,  Life-Corpse;  beat  to  a  mummy,  Recompense- 
Punition. 

mump.  To  beg;  to  mumble.  Petition-Expostula- 
tion, Speech-Inarticulateness. 

mump'-er.  A  pauper;  beggar.  Affluence-Penury, 
Petitioner. 

mump'-ish.     Sad.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

mumps.  Sullenness;  dejection.  Favorite-Morose- 
ness,  Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

munch.     To  chew.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

Mun'-chau-sen.     A  noted  liar.     Gull-Hyperbole. 

mun'-dane.  Pertaining  to  the  world;  worldly.  God- 
liness-Disbelief, Universe,  Unselfishness-Self- 
ishness. 

mun-da'-tion.  The  act  of  cleansing.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness. 

mun'-di-fy.     Cleanse.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

mun-div'-a-gant.  Wandering  through  the  world. 
Traveling-Navigation. 

mu'-ner-a-ry.  Of  the  nature  of  a  gift.  Recompense- 
Punition. 

mu'-ne-rate.   To  remunerate.    Recompense-Punition. 

mu-nic'-i-pal.  Pertaining  to  local  self-government. 
Judicature. 

mu-nic"-i-pal'-i-ty.     Borough.     City-Country. 

mu-nif'-i-cence.    Generosity.   Generosity-Frugality. 

mu-nif'-i-cent.       Generous.      Generosity-Frugality. 

mu'-ni-ment.  Defense;  record;  security.  Attack- 
Defense,  Mark-Obliteration,  Security. 


MURAL. 


691 


MUSIC. 


mu'-ral.  Resembling  a  wall.  Attack-Defense  ;  mural 
circle,  Astronomy. 

mur'-der.  To  kill;  act  of  killing.  Life-Killing; 
murder  the  King's  English,  Grammar-Solecism, 
Speech-Inarticulateness;  the  murder  is  out,  Ex- 

POSURE-HlDINGPLACE. 

mur'-der-er.  One  who  commits  murder.  Good  Man- 
Bad  Man,  Life-Killing. 

mur'-der-ous.     Brutal.     Life-Killing. 

mu'-ri-ca"-ted.  Full  of  sharp  points  Siiarpness- 
Bluntness. 

murk'-some.     Dark.     Light-Darkness. 

murk'-y.  Hazy;  darkened;  gloomy.  Diaphaneity- 
Opaqueness,  Light  -  Darkness,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection. 

mur'-mur.  To  complain;  to  sound;  to  purl.  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation, Loudness-Faintness,  River- 
Wind. 

mur'-rain.     A  plague.     Health-Disease. 

Mur'-ray.  A  guide-book.  Traveling-Navigation; 
Lindley  Murray,  School. 

mur'-rey.  Of  a  mulberry  color.  Whiteness-Black- 
ness. 

mur'-ri-on.     A  helmet.     Dress-Undress.     [Morion.] 

mus,  nasciiur  ridiculus  [L.]  (mus,  nas'-si-tur  ri-dic'- 
yu-lus).  A  ridiculous  mouse  was  born.  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Expectation-Disappoint- 
ment. ■ 

mus'-ca-dine.    A  fragrant  pear.    Perfume-Stench. 

muschio,  pietra  mossa  non,  fa  [It.]  (mus'-ki-o,  pi-e'-tra 
mos'-sa  non,  fa).  A  rolling  stone  gathers  no  moss. 
Mutability-Stability. 

mus'-cle.  Muscular  strength;  flesh.  Anatomy, 
Strength-Weakness. 

mus'-cu-lar.  Strong;  pertaining  to  muscle.  Anatomy, 
Strength-Weakness. 

muse.     To  cogitate.     Reflection-Vacancy. 

Muse.  Inspiring  power  of  poetry.  Poetry-Prose; 
historic  Muse,  Account;  unlettered  Muse,  Purity- 
Crudeness. 

muse'-ful.    Reflective.    Reflection-Vacancy. 

Muses,  the.  Goddesses  presiding  over  poetry,  etc. 
Musician. 

mu-se'-um.  A  collection;  place  where  it  is  kept. 
Gathering-Scattering,  Store. 

mush'-room.  A  fungus;  new;  upstart;  low-born. 
Fauna-Flora,  Gentility-Commonalty,  Novelty, 
Antiquity,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

mu'-sic.  Melody.  Music,  Nature-Art;  music  of  the 
spheres,  Irregularity,  Regularity-Irregularity; 
set  to  music,  Melody-Dissonance. 

MUSIC. 

Accompaniment.  A  part  performed  by  instruments  accompanying 
another  part  performed  by  voices. 

Adagio,  etc.     Slow  movement  in  a  piece  of  music.     See  Adverbs. 

Air.     A  tune. 

Antiphone.     The  response  of  one  part  of  a  choir  to  another  in  a  chant. 

Antiphony.     A  chant  sung  alternately  by  parts  of  a  choir. 

Aria.     An  air  or  song. 

Arietta.     A  little  air. 

Ballad.     A  popular  narrative  poem  adapted  for  singing. 

Balladry.     The  subject  or  style  of  ballads. 

.Band.  A  number  of  musicians  who  play  together  upon  portable 
musical  instruments. 

Bass.     The  lowest  part  in  a  musical  composition. 

Bravura.  An  air  having  several  notes  to  a  syllable  and  requiring 
great  spirit. 

Cadence.     The  close  or  fall  of  a  strain. 

Cadenza.     The  modulation  of  the  voice  in  singing. 

£anon.  A  musical  composition  in  which  the  voices  begin  in  suc- 
cession and  at  regular  intervals  to  repeat  the  same  subject. 

Cantate.     The  98th  Psalm  used  as  a  canticle. 

Canticle.  A  song,  hymn,  or  passage  from  the  Bible,  arranged  fof 
chanting  in  church  service. 

Ca&zonet.     A  song  composed  of  several  parts. 


Capriccio.     A  fancifully  irregular  composition. 

Carol.     A  song  of  praise  or  devotion. 

Catch.     A  humorous  round  so  contrived  that  the  singers  catch  up 

each  other's  words. 
Cavatina  [It.  "J.     An  air  with  little  movement. 

Chaunt  i  ^  s^ort  an<*  simP*e  rnelody. 

Chorale.     A  sacred  tune. 

Chorus.  A  composition  of  two  or  more  parts,  each  of  which  U 
intended  to  be  sung  by  two  or  more  voices. 

Chronometer.     An  instrument  for  beating  time  in  music. 

Composer,  etc.     One  who  writes  or  composes  music.     See  Musician 

Composition.     A  musical  production. 

Concert.     Musical  accordance  or  harmony. 

Concerted  piece.     A  composition  to  be  sung  by  several  voices. 

Concerto  [It.].  A  piece  of  music  in  which  one  instrument  plays  the 
leading  part  while  others  play  the  accompaniment. 

Dance  music.     A  tune  by  which  dancing  is  regulated. 

Descant.     A  composition  in  parts. 

Dirge,  etc.  A  piece  of  music  of  a  mournful  character.  See  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation. 

Dithyramb.  An  ancient  Greek  song  to  the  accompaniment  of  the 
flute,  in  honor  of  Bacchus. 

Ditty.     A  little  poem  intended  to  be  sung. 

Duet.  A  composition  for  two  performers,  whether  vocal  or  instru« 
mental. 

Dump.     A  melancholy  or  sad  strain  of  music. 

Duo.     A  composition  for  two  performers. 

Fantasia.     A  fantastic  musical  composition. 

Fugue  [F.].  A  musical  composition  in  which  a  theme  proposed  in 
one  part  is  repeated  and  imitated  by  others  which  succeed  it. 

Full  score.  A  score  in  which  all  the  parts  for  voices  and  instruments 
are  given. 

Glee.     An  unaccompanied  part  song  for  three  or  more  solo  voices' 

Head  tone.     The  principal  sound  as  to  pitch. 

Hymn.     An  ode  or  song  of  praise. 

Instrumental  music.     Music  by,  or  prepared  for  an  instrument. 

Lay.     A  simple  lyrical  poem. 

Lullaby.     A  song  that  lulls  babes  to  sleep. 

Lydian  measures.     Soft,  pathetic  music. 

Madrigal.     A  vocal  composition  of  five  or  six  parts. 

March.     A  piece  of  music  fitted  to  guide  the  movement  of  troops. 

Martial  music.     Music  suited  for  war 

Melody,  etc.  A  rhythmical  succession  of  single  tones  so  combined 
as  to  form  an  agreeable  musical  whole.     See  Melody. 

Minstrelsy.     The  singing  and  playing  of  a  minstrel. 

Minuet.     The  music  for  a  slow,  graceful  dance. 

Movement.     The  rhythmical  progression  of  a  piece. 

Music.  A  succession  of  sounds  so  arranged  as  to  be  pleasing  to  the 
ear  and  in  accordance  with  the  laws  of  harmony. 

Musician,  etc.     One  who  performs  or  is  skilled  in  music. 

Notturno  [F.].     A  sentimental,  dreamy  musical  composition. 

Opera.     A  drama  of  which  music  forms  an  essential  part. 

Operetta  {It. ,J.     A  short,  light  musical  drama. 

Oratorio.  A  sacred  musical  composition  consisting  of  different 
parts. 

Orchestra.  The  instruments  employed  by  a  full  band,  collect- 
ively. 

Overture.  A  musical  composition  for  a  full  instrumental  band,  used 
as  an  introduction  to  an  opera,  etc. 

Part  song.     A  song  in  two  or  more  distinct  vocal  parts. 

Passamezzo  [It. J.     The  music  for  an  Italian  dance. 

Pastoral.  A  lyrical  composition  the  subject  of  which  is  taken  from 
real  life. 

Pastorale  [It.].     A  composition  in  a  soft,  rural  style. 

Pibroch.     A  wild  irregular  piece  of  Scotch  music. 

Piece  of  music.     A  musical  composition. 

Potpourri  [F.l     A  medley  of  different  airs. 

Psalm.     A  sacred  song. 

Psalmody.     The  art  of  singing  sacred  songs. 

Quartet.     \  A  composition  in  four  parts,  each  performed  by  a  single 

Quartette  J       voice  or  instrument. 

Recitative.  A  musical  composition  in  which  the  words  are  delivered 
in  a  declamatory  style. 

Recitativo  [It.].  A  musical  recitation  in  which  the  words  are  de- 
livered in  a  manner  resembling  ordinary  declamation. 

Rondeau  [F.]      A  species  of  lyric  poetry. 

Rondo  [It.].     A  lively,  cheerful  musical  composition. 

Roulade  [F.].  A  rapid  series  of  running  tones  used  as  an  embellish- 
ment. 

Round.  A  short  vocal  piece  in  which  three  or  four  voices  follow  each 
othet  round. 

Score.  The  original  draft  of  a  composition  with  the  different  parts 
written  on  staves  one  above  another. 

Second.     A  subordinate  part  in  a  musical  composition. 


MUSIC. 


692 


MUSICAL  INSTRUMENTS. 


Septet.     A  musical   composition  for  seven  voices  or  seven  musical 

instruments 

Serenade.     Music  sung  or  performed  in  the  open  air  at  night. 

Siren  strains.     Fascinating  charming  music. 

Slow  movement.)   .    ,  c  c 

_.  .  f  A  slow  progression  of  a  piece  of  music. 

Slow  music.         )  *    ft 

Soft  music,     Music  gentle  and  pleasing  to  the  ear. 

Solfeggio  [It.].  The  system  of  arranging  the  scales  by  the  names 
do,  re,  mi,  fa,  sol,  la,  si. 

Solo.     A  tune  or  piece  played  or  sung  by  a  single  person. 

Sonata      A  musical  composition  consisting  of  several  parts. 

Song,  etc.     A  poem  adapted  to  vocal  music.     See  Poetry. 

Stave.  The  five  horizontal  parallel  bars  and  the  spaces  on  which 
music  is  written. 

Strain.     A  complete  musical  period  or  sentence. 

Symphony.     An  instrumental  composition  for  a  full  orchestra. 

Technique  [F  ]      Artistic  execution  of  a  musical  composition. 

Trio.     A  musical  composition  sung  or  played  by  three  persons. 

Tune.     A  rhythmical  series  of  tones  for  one  voice  or  instrument. 

Tweedledum  and  tweedledee. 

Variation.  Repetition  of  a  theme  or  melody  with  fanciful  modifi- 
cations. 

Vocalism.     The  exercise  of  the  vocal  organs. 

Vocal  music.     Music  made  by  the  voice 

Waltz,  etc.  A  piece  of  music  composed  in  triple  measure  for  a  wahz. 
See  Entertainment. 

Music — Verbs. 

Attune.     To  adjust  so  as  to  make  one  sound  in  harmony  with  another. 

Compose.     To  write  music. 

Perform,  etc.     To  execute;  do.     See  Musician. 

Music — Adjectives. 

Choral.     Like  or  pertaining  to  a  choral. 

Harmonious,     etc.     In     musical     concord;      not     discordant.     See 

Melody. 
Instrumental.     Pertaining  to  or  made  by  musical  instruments. 
Lyric.     Pertaining  to  or  like  the  lyre  or  harp. 
Musical.      Pertaining  to  music. 
Operatic.     Pertaining  to  or  like  an  opera. 
Vocal.      Pertaining  to  music  made  by  the  voice. 
Wagnerian.      Pertaining  to  Richard  Wagner,  the  German  musician. 

Music — Adverbs. 
Adagio  [It.].     In  a  slowly  moving  manner. 
Affettuoso  [It.].     In  a  soft  and  tender  manner. 
Allacapella  [It  ].     In  an  ecclesiastical  manner. 
Allegretto  [It  ]      fn  a  moderately  fast  manner. 
Allegro  [It.]      In  a  bright,  spirited,  and  rapid  manner. 
Andante  [It..].     In  a  rather  slow  manner 

Andantino  [It  ]      In  a  manner  somewhat  faster  than  andante. 
Capriccioso  [It.].      In  a  capricious  manner. 
Crescendo  [It.]      Increasing  in  loudness  or  volume. 
Diminuendo  [It.].      Decreasing  in  loudness. 
Lar ghetto  [It.]      Somewhat  slowly,  but  not  as  slow  as  largo. 
Largo  [It.]      Slowly. 

Legato  [It.].     In  a  closely  connected  manner. 
Maestoso  [It.]      Majestically. 
Moderato  [It.].      In  a  moderately  quick  manner. 
Obbligato  [It].      Indispensable,  as  for  a  musical  composition. 
Pizzicato  [It.].      With  a  staccato  effect. 
Prestissimo  [It  ].     Very  fast;  with  great  rapidity. 
Presto  [It.].     Fast;  quickly. 
Rallentando  [It.].      Decreasing  in  time  and  loudness. 

Scherzando  [It.].\  r_        .„  ,f,  , „ 

Scherzo  [It  ].        S  In  a  pX*y!n]  manner 

Sptritoso  [It.]      In  a  spirited,  lively  manner. 

Staccato  [It.].     In  a  short,  distinct,  and  disconnected  manner 

Toccata  [It.].     A  touch-piece 

Veloce  [It.].     Rapidly. 

Vivace  [It.].     In  a  lively,  brisk  manner 

mu'-sie-al.  Pertaining  to  music.  Melody-Disso- 
nance, Music,  Musician;  musical  ear,  Hearing- 
Deafness,  Musician;  musical  note,  Melody-Dis- 
sonance; musical  voice,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

mu'-sic-al  in-stru'-ments.  Instruments  for  making 
music.     Musical  Instruments. 

MUSICAL  INSTRUMENTS. 

Band.     A  collection  of  portable  musical  instruments. 

Musical  instruments.     Instruments  that  have  the  power  of  producing 

music 
Orchestra.     The  instruments  employed  by  a  full  band. 


Musical  Instruments — Stringed  Instruments. 

Archlute.     A  large  lute 

Bandurria  [It.].     A  stringed  instrument  similar  to  the  guitar 

Banjo.     A  musical   instrument   with   five   strings,  played  with  the 

fingers  and  hands. 
Base-viol.     A  violin,  used  for  playing  bass. 
Bass.     The  instrument  which  plays  bass. 
Bass-viol.     See  Basb-viol. 
Bow.     An  appliance  consisting  of  an  elastic  rod,  with  a  number  of 

horsehairs  stretched  from  end  to  end,  used  in  playing  on  a  stringed 

instrument. 
Cithern.     A  musical  instrument  resembling  the  guitar. 
Clarichord.     A  musical  instrument  in  the  form  of  a  spinet. 
Clavichord.     A  keyed  stringed  instrument,  now  superseded  by  the 

pianoforte. 
Clavier  [F.].      An  instrument  having  a  keyboard,  especially  the 

square  piano 
Contra  basso  [It.]      The  largest  base-viol. 
Cremona.     A  violin  made  at  Cremona,  Italy. 
Double-bass.     The  largest  and  lowest-toned  instrument  in  the  viol 

form. 
Dulcimer.     A  triangular-shaped  stringed  instrument,  played  upon 

by  metallic  rods. 
Eolian  harp.     A  box  on  which  are  stretched  strings  on  which  the 

wind  produces  music. 
Fiddle.     A  stringed  instrument  played  with  a  bow. 
Fiddlestick.     The  bow  used  in  jiaying  a  fiddle. 
Cittern.     An  instrument  like  a  guitar. 

Guitar.     An  instrument  of  six  strings,  played  with  the  fingers. 
Harp.     A    musical    instrument    consisting    of    a    triangular    frame 

furnished  with  strings  and  played  with  the  fingers. 
Harpsichord.     A  harp-shaped  instrument  set  horizontally  on  legs, 

with  strings  of  wire,  played  by  the  fingers  by  means  of  keys. 
Hurdy-gurdy.       A  stringed   musical  instrument  whose  sounds  are 

produced  by  the  friction  of  a  wheel,  and  regulated  by  the  fingers. 
Kit.     A  small  violin 

Lute.     An  instrument  similar  to  a  mandolin. 
Lyre      An  instrument  like  a  small  harp. 
Mandolin.     An  instrument  with  metal  strings  tuned  in  pairs,  and 

played  with  a  pick. 
Manichord.     The  clavichord. 

Monochord.     An  instrument  for  obtaining  the  mathematical  rela- 
tions of  musical  sounds. 
Mute.     A  little  utensil  on  the  bridge  of  a  violin  or  similar  instrument 

to  deaden  the  sound. 
Pianino.     A  small  piano. 
Piano.     A   musical   instrument  consisting  of  a  series   of  wires  of 

graduated  length,  struck  by  hammers  moved  by  keys. 
Pianoforte.     The  piano. 

Polychord.     A  musical  instrument  of  ten  strings. 
Psaltery.     An  old  Hebrew  stringed  instrument. 
Rebeck.     An  instrument  with  cat-gut  strings  played  upon  with  a 

bow. 
Spinet.     A  keyed  instrument,  with  one  string  to  each  note,  sounded 

by  leather  or  quill  plectrums. 
Tenor.     The  instrument  that  plays  tenor. 

Theorbo.     An  instrument  like  a  large  lute,  but  having  two  heads. 
Vielle  [P.].'    A  stringed  instrument  played  with  a  wheel. 
Vina.     An  East-Indian  stringed  instrument. 
Viol. 

Viola  Tit.].  An  instrument  somewhat  larger  than  a  violin. 
Viola  d'amore  [It.].  A  violin  with  a  peculiarly  soft  sound. 
Violoncello    [It  ].     A  large   musical  instrument   with  four  strings. 

giving  sounds  nn  octave  lower  than  the  tenor  violin. 
Violin.     An  instrument  with  four  strings  played  with  a  bow. 
Violone  lit].     The  double  bass. 

Virginals.     A  musical  instrument  somewhat  like  a  small  pianoforte. 
Xanorphica.     A    musical    instrument    like  an  harmonichord,    and 

sounded  by  means  of  a  small  bow. 

Musical  Instruments — Wind  Instruments. 

Accordion.     A  small,  portable,  keyed  instrument  whose  tones  are 

generated  by  play  of  the  wind  upon  free  metallic  reeds. 
Bagpipe.     A  wind-instrument  consisting  of  a  leather  wind-bag  and 

three  sounding  pipes. 
Barrel  organ.     An  instrument  for  producing  music  by  means  of  a 

revolving  cylinder. 
Basset-horn.     An  instrument  blown  with  a  reed. 
Bassoon.     A  wind-instrument  similar  to  the  flute. 
Bombardon.     A  deep-toned  instrument  similar  to  a  bassoon. 
Brass  band      A  band  of  musicians  who  play  upon  instruments  madV 

of  brass. 
Bugle.     An  instrument  like  the  horn. 
Bugle-horn.     A  horn  used  by  buglers. 


MUSICAL  INSTRUMENTS. 


693 


MUSICIAN. 


Cat-call.     An  instrument  that  makes  a  noise  like  the  cry  of  a  cat. 

Clarinet.     A  wind-instrument  blown  by  a  single  reed. 

Clarion.     A  trumpet  whose  note  is  clear  and  shrill. 

Clarionet.     See  Clarinet. 

Concertina.     An  instrument  similar  to  the  accordion. 

Cor  Anglais  IF. J.     Thd  English  horn. 

Cornet.     A  brass  instrument,  furnished  with  valves  or  pistons,  and 

cupped  mouthpiece. 
Cornet-a-pistons  [P.].     A  horn  similar  to  the  French  horn. 
Corno  di  bassetto  [It.].     The  basset-horn. 
Corno  Inglese  [It.J.     The  English  horn. 
Cornopean.     A  wind-instrument  like  a  trumpet. 
Fagotto  [It.].     The  bassoon. 
Fife.     A  small  shrill  pipe  used  to  accompany  the  drum  in  military 

music. 
Flageolet.     A  small  wooden  pipe  having  six  or  more  holes  and  a 

mouthpiece  inserted  at  one  end. 
Flute.     A  musical  wind-instrument,  consisting  of  a  hollow  pipe,  with 

holes  along  its  length. 
French  horn.     A  metallic  wind  instrument,  consisting  of  a  long  tube 

twisted  into  circular  folds  and  gradually  expanding. 
Hand-organ.     A  barrel  organ  operated  by  a  crank. 
Harmonicon.     A  small,  flat  instrument  in  which  the  notes  are  pro- 
duced by  the  vibration  of  metallic  reeds. 
Harmoniphon.     An   old  wind-instrument  in  which  the  sound  was 

produced  by  the  vibrations  of  metallic  plates. 
Harmonium.     A  musical  instrument  resembling  a  small  organ. 
Hautboy.     A  wind-instrument  similar  to  a  clarinet. 
Horn.     A  wind-instrument,  resembling  a  horn  in  shape. 
Humming-top.     A  metallic  top  that  produces  a  low  humming  noise 

when  spinning. 
Oboe.     An  instrument  similar  to  a  clarinet,  and  sounded  by  means 

of  a  double  reed. 
Ophicleide.     A  large    brass  wind-instrument    which  produces   low, 

loud  sounds. 
Organ.     A  wind-instrument  consisting  of    pipes,  which  are  filled 

with  wind  from  a  bellows,  and  played  upon  by  means  of  keys. 
Pandean  pipes.     A  primitive  wind-instrument,  of   short  graduated 

pipes. 
Piccolo.     A  small  shrill  flute. 
Pipe.     A  wind-instrument  of  music,  consisting  of  a  tube  or  tubes  of 

straw,  reed,  metal,  etc. 
Pitch-pipe.     A  wind-instrument  to  regulate  the  pitch  of  a  tune. 
Sackbut.     An  instrument  like  the  trombone. 
Saxophone.      A  brass  wind-instrument,  shaped  like  a  Dutch  pipe 

and  played  like  a  clarinet;  a  saxhorn. 
Seraphina.     A  wind-instrument  whose  sounding  parts  are  reeds  of 

brass  playing  freely  through  a  slot  in  a  plate. 
Serpent.     A  brass  wind-instrument  of    a  loud  and  coarse  tone,  so 

called  from  its  form. 
Sirene.      An  instrument  in  which  the  sounds  are  produced  by  air 

escaping  through  holes  in  a  rotating  disk. 
Sordet.   \  A  contrivance  in  a  musical  instrument  to  deaden  vibra- 
SordineJ      tions. 
Trombone.     An  instrument  of  the  trumpet  kind,  consisting  of  a 

tube  bent  twice  upon  itself,  and  ending  in  a  bell. 
Trumpet.     A  wind-instrument,  consisting  of  a  long  tube  bent  once 

or  twice  and  ending  in  a  bell. 
Union  pipes.     A  variety  of  bagpipe. 
Whistle.     An  instrument  in  which  air  forced  through  a  cavity,  or 

against  a  thin  edge,  produces  a  shrill  sound. 

Musical  Instruments — Vibrating  Surfaces, 

Bass  drum.  The  largest  kind  of  drum  having  two  heads,  and  giving 
a  deep  sound. 

Bell.  A  hollow  metallic  vessel,  containing  a  clapper  or  tongue,  and 
giving  forth  a  ringing  sound  when  struck. 

Bones.  Two  or  four  pieces  of  bone  held  between  the  fingers  and 
struck  together  to  make  a  kind  of  music. 

Castanet.  Two  small,  concave  shells  of  ivory  or  hard  wood,  fastened 
to  the  thumb  and  beaten  with  the  middle  finger. 

Cymbal.  A  musical  instrument  of  brass  shaped  like  a  circular  plate, 
used  in  pairs  to  produce  a  sharp  ringing  sound. 

Drum.  An  instrument  consisting  of  a  hollow  cylinder,  over  each  end 
of  wh:ch  is  stretched  a  piece  of  skin  or  vellum,  to  be  beaten  with  a 
ftick. 

Gong.     A  disk  with  upturned  rim,  struck  with  a  metallic  knob. 

Harmonica.  A  musical  instrument  consisting  of  a  series  of  hemi- 
spherical glasses,  which,  by  touching  the  edges  with  the  dampened 
fingers,  give  forth  the  tones. 

Kettle-drum.  A  drum  made  of  thin  copper  in  the  form  of  a  hemi- 
spherical kettle,  with  parchment  stretched  over  the  mouth  of  it. 

Musical  glasses.  Glass  goblets  or  bowls  so  tuned  and  arranged  that 
when  struck  they  produce  musical  notes. 


Musical  stones.     Stones  which  produce  musical  sounds  when  struck. 
Rattle.     An  instrument  with  which  a  rattling  sound  is  made. 
Side  drum.     A  snare  drum ;  a  small  drum  beaten  at  one  end. 
Sounding-board.      A  thin  board  which  propagates  the  sound  in  a 

piano,  violin,  etc. 
Tabor.     A  small  drum  used  as  an  accompaniment  to  a  fife. 

Tabourine.J  A  small,  shallow  drum. 

Tabret.     A  small  drum. 

Tambour.       \  A  shallow  drum  with  only  one  skin,  played  on  with 

Tambourine. '      the  hand. 

Tom-tom'/  ^  ^arge  ^at  drum  used  in  India. 

Timbrel.     A  small  shallow  drum. 

Tymbal.     A  kind  of  kettle-drum. 

Xylophone.  An  instrument  common  among  the  Russians  and 
Poles,  consisting  of  a  series  of  strips  of  wood  or  glass  graduated  in 
length  to  the  musical  scale  and  struck  with  two  small  hammers. 

Zambomba.  An  instrument  consisting  of  a  strip  of  parchment 
stretched  over  a  jar,  and  a  stick  of  wood  through  the  parchment. 

Musical  Instruments — Vibrating  Bars. 
Jew's-harp.     An  instrument  which  when  placed  between  the  teeth 

gives  by  means  of  a  bent  metal  tongue   struck  by  the  finger  a 

sound  modulated  by  the  breath. 
Musical  box,     A  box  or  case  containing  an  apparatus  moved  by 

clockwork  so  as  to  play  certain  tunes  automatically. 
Reed.     A  small  piece  of  cane  or  wood  attached  to  the  mouthpiece  of 

certain  instruments,  and  set  in  vibration  by  the  breath. 
Reed  instrument.     An  instrument  in  which  the  wind  acts  on  a  set  of 

free  reeds. 
Triangle.     A  rod  of  steel  in  the  form  of  a  triangle  open  at  one  end 

and  sounded  by  being  struck  with  a  small  metallic  rod. 
Tuning-fork.     A  steel  instrument  consisting  of    two  prongs  and  a 

handle,  which,  being  struck,  gives  a  certain  tone. 

mu'-sic— hall".    Place  of  amusement.    Acting,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 
mu-si'-cian.    One  skilled  in  music.    Musician. 

MUSICIAN. 

Accompanist.  The  performer  in  music  who  takes  the  accompany- 
ing part. 

Accordionist.     One  who  plays  an  accordion. 

Artiste  [F.].     A  skilled  music  performer. 

Ballad-monger.     A  seller  or  maker  of  ballads. 

Band.  A  number  of  musicians  who  play  together  upon  portable 
musical  instruments. 

Bandmaster.     One  who  conducts  a  band. 

Bard,  etc      A  poet  and  singer  among  the  Celts. 

Cantatrice  Tit.].     A  female  professional  singer. 

Catgut-scraper.     A  vulgar  name  for  a  violinist. 

Chanter.     A  singer;  the  chief  singer  of  the  chantry. 

Chantress.     A  female  chanter  or  singer. 

Choir.  A  band  or  organized  company  of  singers,  especially  in 
church  service. 

Chorister.     A  singer  in  a  chorus. 

Chorus.     A  company  of  singers  singing  in  concert. 

Chorus-singer.     A  member  of  a  chorus. 

Composer.     An  author  of  a  piece  of  music. 

Drummer.     One  whose  office  is  to  beat  the  drum. 

Fiddler.     One  who  plays  on  a  fiddle. 

Fifer.     One  who  plays  the  fife. 

Flautist.     One  who  plays  the  flute. 

Hart*. }  °ne  Wh°  plays  a  han>" 

Instrumentalist.     A  performer  on  a  musical  instrument. 

Liedertafel  [G.].     A  male  choir. 

Melodist.     A  composer  or  singer  of  melodies. 

Minstrel.     A  singer  and  harper;  a  musician. 

Musician.     A  skilled  singer  or  performer  on  a  musical  instrument. 

Orchestra.     A  band  of  instrumental  musicians. 

Organist.     One  who  plays  an  organ. 

Performer.     A  musician. 

Pianist.     One  who  plays  a  piano. 

Piper.     One  who  plays  on  a  pipe. 

Player.     One  who  plays  a  musical  instrument. 

Quire.     See  Choir. 

Singer.     One  who  sings. 

Songster.     One  skilled  in  singing. 

Songstress.     A  woman  who  sings. 

Trumpeter.     One  who  sounds  a  trumpet. 

Violinist.     One  who  plays  a  violin. 


MUSICIAN. 


694 


MUTABILITY— STABILITY. 


Vocalist.     A  singer  or  vocal  musician. 
Waits.     Musicians  who  sing  or  play  at  night. 
Warbler.     One  who  warbles;  a  singer. 

Musician — Denotations. 
Apollo.     The  god  of  music. 

Erato.     The  Muse  who  presided  over  lyric  poetry. 
Euterpe.     The  Muse  who  presided  over  music. 
Nightingale.     A  bird  that  sings  at  night,  and  is  celebrated  for  the 

sweetness  of  its  song. 
Orpheus.     The  famous  mythic  Thracian  poet,  reputed  to  have  power 

to  entrance  beasts  and  inanimate  objects  by  the  music  of  his  lyre. 
Philomel.     The    daughter   of   Pandion,   king  of   Athens,   who  was 

changed  into  a  nightingale ;  the  nightingale. 
Siren.     A  sea-nymph,  said    to  sing  with  such  sweetness  that  she 

lured  sailors  to  destruction. 
The  Muses.     The  nine  goddesses  who  presided  over  song  and  the 

different  kinds  of  poetry. 
Thrush.     A  small  bird  noted  for  the  sweetness  of  its  song. 
Tuneful  choir.)  ™     ., 
Tuneful  nine.  J  The  Muses. 

Musician — Associated  Nouns. 
Execution.     The  mode  of  performing  on  an  instrument. 
Expression.     Manner  of  playing  which  gives  life  and  force. 
Performance.     A  musical  feat 
Solmization.     The  act  of  sol-faing. 
Touch.     The  manner  of  touching  or  striking  the  keys  of  a  piano. 

Musician — Verbs. 

Accompany.     To  play  a  part  of  a  musical  composition. 

Arrange.     To  adapt  a  musical  composition  to  instruments  or  voices 

for  which  it  was  not  originally  written. 
Beat  the  drum.     To  strike  the  drum. 
Beat  time.     To  measure  or  regulate  time  in  music  by  beating  with 

the  foot  or  hand. 
Blow  the  horn.     To  make  music  on  the  horn. 
Carol.     To  praise  in  a  joyful  song. 

Chaunt  \  ^°  S'"K  *n  t^le  manner  °^  a  chant. 

Chimin    i  ^°  ma^e  a  short  sharp  sound,  such  as  crickets  make. 

Compose.     To  write  music. 

Execute.     To  perform  a  piece  of  music 

Fiddle.     To  play  on  the  fiddle  or  violin. 

Grind  the  organ.     To  turn  the  crank  which  causes  an  organ  to  sound. 

Have  a  correct  ear.     To  have  an  ear  which  easily  distinguishes  dis 

cords. 
Have  a  musical  ear.       )  To  be  able  to  detect  differences  in  musical 
Have  an  ear  for  music. '       sounds. 
Hum.     To  sing  with  the  mouth  closed. 
Intone.     To  utter  a  deep,  long  sound. 

Perform.     To  play  on  a  musical  instrument  before  an  audience. 
Pipe.     To  play  on  a  pipe. 

Play.     To  perform  music  upon  any  instrument. 
Play  a  second.     To  play  the  accompaniment. 
Purl.     To  make  a  murmuring  sound. 
Quaver.     To  tremble  or  make  the  voice  vibrate. 
Set  to  music.     To  arrange  to  music. 
Shake.     To  vibrate  or  quaver  in  music. 
Sing.     To  utter  music  with  the  voice. 
Sing  a  second.     To  sing  an  accompaniment. 
Sol-fa.     To  pronounce  the  notes  of  the  gamut. 


Sound  the  horn.     To  make  the  horn  be  heard. 

Strike  the  lyre.     To  play  on  the  lyre. 

Strike  up.     To  begin  to  play. 

Strum.     To  play  an  instrument  in  a  coarse,  noisy  manner. 

Sweep  the  chords.     To  strike  the  strings  with  a  long  stroke. 

Thrum.     To  play  coarsely  on  an  instrument. 

Touch  the  guitar,  etc.  To  play  on  the  guitar.  See  Musical  In- 
struments. 

Trill.     To  utter  with  tremulousness  or  quavering. 

Tweedle.     To  play  awkwardly  on  the  violin. 

Twitter.     To  sing  with  a  tremulous  and  shortly  intermitted  voice. 

Warble.     To  sing  in  a  thrilling  or  vibrating  voice. 

Whistle.  To  make  a  sharp,  shrill  sound  by  compressing  the  lips  and 
breathing  the  air  through  a  small  orifice. 

Musician — Adjectives. 

Musical.     Pertaining  to  or  having  reference  to  music. 
Playing,  etc.     Performing  on  musical  instruments.     See  Verbs. 

Musician — Adverbs. 

Adagio  [It.].     In  a  slow  manner. 

Andante  [It.],  etc.     In  a  moderately  slow  manner.     See  Music. 

mu'-sing.  Deep  cogitation.  Reflection-Vacancy; 
musing  on  other  things,  Heed-Disregard. 

musk.     A  perfume.     Perfume-Stench. 

mus'-ket.  A  gun.  Weapon  ;  shoulder  a  musket,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation. 

mus"-ket-eer\     A  foot-soldier.     Belligerent. 

mus"-ket-oon\    A  light  gun.     Belligerent. 

mus'-ket-ry.     Muskets  collectively.     Weapon. 

mus'-lin.  Thin  cotton  cloth.  Diaphaneity-Opales- 
cence. 

mus'-nud.  A  raised  seat;  council;  scepter.  Council, 
Scepter,  Suspension-Support. 

Mus'-sul-man.  Relating  to  the  Moslems.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

must.  Be  necessary;  mold.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Coercion;  I  must  say,  Assertion-Denial;  it  must 
follow,  Proof-Disproof. 

mus-tache'.  Hair  on  the  upper  lip.  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

mus'-tard.  A  pungent  condiment.  Condiment,  Pun- 
gency; after  meat  mustard,  Opiortuneness-Un- 
suitableness. 

mus'-tard-seed".  A  small  seed.  Greatness-Little- 
ness. 

mus'-ter.  To  collect;  roll.  Gathering-Scattering, 
Numbering;  muster  courage,  Bravery-Cowardice; 
not  pass  muster,  Faultlessness-Faultiness;  pass 
muster,  Enough. 

mus'-ter-book".  Book  containing  muster-roll.  Record. 

mus'-ter-roll" .     A  list.     Record. 

must'-y.  Stale;  having  a  bad  odor.  Cleanness- 
Filthinfss,  Perfume-Stench. 

mu"-ta-bil'-i-ty.  State  of  being  unstable.  Mutability* 
Stability. 


MUTABILITY— STABILITY. 


Agitation.  The  state  of  being  moved  with  violence,  or  with  irregu- 
lar action.     See  Agitation. 

Alternation,  etc.  Succession  of  things  in  time  or  place.  See  Vibra- 
tion. 

Changeable ness#  etc.  The  quality  of  being  changeable.  See  Adjec- 
tives. 

Disquiet.      Restlessness. 

Disquietude.      Uneasiness. 

Fluctuation.     A  moving  in  this  and  that  direction. 

Inconstancy.     Liability  to  sudden  change. 

Inquietude.      Disturbed  state. 

Instability.     Want  of  firmness  or  stability 

Mobility.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  easily  moved. 

Mutability.  The  quality  of  being  subject  to  alteration  in  form  or 
nature. 

Restlessness.      State  of  being  continually  moving.     See  Adjectives. 

Transientness.  State  of  staying  for  only  a  short  time.  See  Last- 
ingnbss-Transibntnbss. 

Unrest.     Want  of  rest  or  repose. 


Aplomb  [F.,].     Self-possession. 

Constancy.     Firmness  of  mind;  steadiness. 

Establishment.     Fixed  state. 

Immobility.     The  quality  of  being  immovable. 

Immutability.     The  quality  of  being  unchangeable. 

Obstinacy.     See  Bigotry. 

Permanence.     See  Chronology. 

Solidity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  sound. 

Soundness.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  sound. 

Stabiliment.     The  act  of  making  firm. 

Stability.     Firmness  of  purpose  or  character;  fixedness. 

Stable  equilibrium.     Fixed  and  solid  position. 

Stiffness.     Quality  or  state  of  being  stiff. 

Unchangeableness.     See  Adjectives. 

Vitality.     Capability  of  living. 

Stability — Denotations. 

Anchylosis.     The  stiffening  of  a  movable  joint. 

Ethiopian's  skin.     The  skin  of  a  member  of  the  black  race.    [Bible.) 


MUTABILITY. 


695 


MUTABILITY— STABILITY. 


MUTABILITY— STABILITY— Continued. 


Unstable  equilibrium.     A  condition  subject  to  change  or  overthrow. 
Vacillation,     A  moving  one  way  and  the  other.     See  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation. 
Versatility.     Aptness  to  change. 
Vicissitude.     Regular  change  or  succession  from  one  thing  to  another. 

Mutability — Denotations, 

April  showers.     Showers  occurring  very  variably  during  the  month 

of  April. 
Chameleon.     A  lizard  whose   color  changes  ivith   the  color  of  the 

objects  around  it. 
Cynthia  of  the  minute. 
Fidgets.     A  nervous  restlessness. 

Harlequin.     A  buffoon,  dressed  in  party-colored  clothes. 
Moon.     The  celestial  orb  which  revolves  round  the  earth,  whose 

appearance  changes  from  a  complete  sphere  to  a  crescent. 
Proteus.     A   marine    deity   who   possessed   the   faculty  of  readily 

assuming  different 'shapes. 
Quicksilver.     A  metal,   mercury,  characterized  by  its  freedom   of 

motion. 
Shifting  sands.     Time,  or  anything  variable. 

Weathercock.     An  instrument  to  indicate  the  direction  of  the  wind. 
Wheel  of  fortune.     Figuratively,  changeable  fortune. 

Mutability —  Verbs. 

Alternate.     To  occur  by  turns ;  change  reciprocally. 

Change  and  change  about.     To  change  continually. 

Flicker.     To  waver,  as  a  flame  in  an  air-current. 

Flit.     To  change  positions  quickly,  as  a  light  substance. 

Flitter.     To  flutter. 

Flounder.     To  toss  and  tumble  about. 

Fluctuate.     To  move  first  in  one  direction,  then  in  another. 

Flutter.     To  be  in  agitation  or  uncertainty. 

Have  as  many  phases  as  the  moon.     To  be  changeable. 

Oscillate.     See  Vibration. 

Oscillate  between  two  extremes.     To  vary  between  two  opposites. 

Ring  the  changes.  To  repeat  an  argument  with  all  possible  varia- 
tions; to  produce  varied  music  from  chimes. 

Scuffle.     To  struggle  confusedly. 

Shake.     To  cause  to  move  with  rapid  vibrations;  to  tremble. 

Shift.     To  alter;  to  vary  the  direction  of. 

Shift  to  and  fro.  To  swing  backward  and  forward;  to  vary  the 
position  of. 

Sway  to  and  fro.     To  incline  from  side  to  side. 

Totter.     To  shake  as  if  about  to  fall. 

Tremble.     To  shake  involuntarily,  said  of  persons;  totter. 

Turn  and  turn  about. 

Vacillate.     To  fluctuate  in  mind. 

Vary.     To  alter  or  be  altered  in  any  way. 

Wamble.     To  move  irregularly  backward  and  forward. 

Waver.     To  move  one  way,  then  the  other. 

Mutability — Adjectives. 
Afloat.     Unfixed;  uncontrolled. 
Agitating.     See  Agitation. 
Alterable.     Capable  of  being  changed  or  varied. 
Alternating.     See  Verbs. 
Capricious.     See  Persistence-Whim. 
Changeable.     Liable  to  change. 
Changeful.     Uncertain. 
Changing.     See  Mutation. 
Chequered.     Diversified. 
Desultory.     Passing  from  one  thing  or  subject  to  another  without 

logical  connection,  as  a  circus  rider  leaps  from  horse  to  horse. 
Erratic.     Wandering  aimlessly. 
Ever-changing. 

Fickle.     Wavering  in  opinion  or  purpose. 
Fitful.     Irregular;  unstable. 
Fluctuating.     See  Verbs. 
Inconsonant.     Inconsistent. 
Inconstant.     Subject  to  change. 
Irresolute.     See  Determination-Vacillation. 
Mobile.     Capable  of  being  aroused  or  excited. 
Mutable.     Capable  of  being  changed. 
Plastic.     Creative;  easily  molded. 
Protean.     Pertaining  to  Proteus;  changeable 
Pro  tei  form.     Protean. 
Restless.     Uneasy;  discontented. 
Spasmodic.     Occurring  at  intervals. 
Touch  and  go.     To  touch  bottom,  as  a  ship  in  sailing,  with  much 

decrease  in  speed. 
Transient.     See  Lastingness-Transientness. 
Unfixed.     Not  fixed. 


STABILITY—  Denotations— Continued. 

Fixture.     That  which  is  attached  to  something  as  a  permanent  ap» 

pendage. 
Foundation.     That  upon  which  anything  is  founded. 
Leopard's  spots.     The  spots  on  the  skin  of  the  leopard.     [Bible.] 
Pillar.     A  supporting  column  or  structure. 
Rock.     A  mass  of  stone. 
Tower.     A  firmly  built  structure. 

Stability — Verbs. 

Ascertain.     To  learn  for  a  certainty;  free  from  doubt  or  change. 

Be  firm.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  stable.     See  Adjectives.  • 

Build  one's  house  on  a  rock.     [Bible. || 

Establish.     To  settle  in  a  firm,  fixed  manner. 

Fasten.     See  Union. 

Fix.     To  make  firm  or  definite;  to  settle  down  permanently. 

Keep  firm.     To  be  solid  or  immovable. 

Keep  hold.     To  hang  on. 

Make  good.     To  maintain ;  to  accomplish. 

Make  sure.     To  make  firm. 

Remain  firm.     To  stand  against. 

Retain.     To  keep  in  possession;  to  continue  to  hold. 

Set.     To  make  permanent  or  fixed. 

Set  on  its  legs.     To  place  in  a  solid  position. 

Settle,     To  place  or  become  placed  in  a  fixed  or  lasting  condition^ 

Settle  down.     To  take  a  fixed  position. 

Stabilitate.     To  make  stable. 

Stablish.     To  establish. 

Stand  firm.     To  be  solid. 

Stick  fast.     To  be  immovable. 

Strike  root.     Take  a  firm  hold. 

Take  root.     To  become  fixed. 

Take  up  one's  abode.     See  Establishment. 

Weather  the  storm.     To  remain  firm  under  difficulty  or  adversity. 

Stability — Adjectives. 
Aground .     Stranded . 
Anchored.     Held  fast,  as  by  an  anchor. 
At  anchor.     When  a  ship  rides  by  her  anchor. 
Balanced.     Settled  and  adjusted,  as  an  account. 
Confirmed.     Strengthened;  fixed. 
Constant.     Not  liable  to  change. 
Deep-rooted.     Solid. 
Durable.     Lasting. 
Established.     See  Verbs. 
Fadeless.     Not  liable  to  fade. 
Fast.     Not  loose  or  unstable. 
Firm.     Stable  in  opinion  or  position. 
Firm  as  a  rock.     Solid. 
Firmly  established.     See  Verbs. 
Firmly  seated.     Solid. 
Fixed .     Immovable . 
High  and  dry.     Out  of  water;  stranded. 
Immovable.     Not  movable. 
Immutable.     Not  liable  to  change. 
Imperishable.     Not  liable  to  decay. 
Incommutable.     Not  capable  of  being  interchanged. 
Incontrovertible.     Too  clear  to  admit  of  dispute. 
Indeciduous.     Lasting. 

Indeclinable.     Not  altered  by  terminations. 
Indefeasible.     Not  voidable;  not  to  be  defeated. 
Indelible.     Incapable  of  being  blotted  out,  lost,  or  forgotten; 
Indestructible.     Not  liable  to  be  decomposed. 
Indissoluble.     Perpetually  binding. 
Indissolvable.     Incapable  of  being  dissolved. 
Ineradicable.     Not  capable  of  being  rooted  out. 
Inextinguishable.     Incapable  of  being  destroyed. 
Insusceptible.     Not  capable  of  being  affected. 
Insusceptible  of  change.     Unchangeable. 

Intransmutable.     Incapable   of   being   changed   into   another  sub- 
stance. 
Invariable.     Not  liable  to  change. 

Inveterate.     Firmly  established  because  of  long  continuance. 
Irreducible.     Not  capable  of  being  reduced. 
Irremovable.     Incapable  of  being  removed. 
Irresoluble .     Not  capable  of  being  dissolved  or  released . 
Irretrievable.     Not  capable  of  recovery  or  repair. 
Irreversible.     Not  capable  of  being  reversed,  repealed,  or  annulled. 
Irrevocable.     Not  capable  of  being  revoked  or  recalled. 
Moored.     Confined  or  fastened,  as  by  cables  or  anchors. 
Not  to  be  changed. 


MUTABILITY. 


696 


MUTATION— PERMANENCE. 


MUTABILITY— STABILITY— Continued. 


MUTABILITY— Adjectives— Continued. 

Unsettled.  Not  settled. 

Unstable.  Not  steady  or  firm. 

Unstayed.  Not  sustained:  fickle. 

Unsteady.  Unfixed;  variable. 

Vagrant.  Unsettled;  moving  with  uncertain  direction. 

Variable.  Subject  to  sudden  change. 

Versatile.  Changeable. 

Vibratory.  Moving  or  causing  to  move  to  and  fro. 

Wayward.     Full  of  whims;  perverse. 


Mutability- 
Off  and  on. 
See-saw.     See  Vibration. 


-Adverbs. 


Mutability — Phrases. 

Honores  mutant  mores  [L.].     Honors  change  (.men's)  manners 
Pietra  mossa  non  fa    muschis   [It.].      "A  rolling  stone  gathers  no 

moss." 
Varium  et  mutabile  semper  femina    [L.].      A  thing  inconstant  and 

changeable  ever  is  woman.     [Virgil,  ^Eneid,  iv,  560-D 


STABILITY— Continued  from  Column  2. 
Stability — Phrases. 
Littera  scripta  manet  [L.].     The  written  word  remains. 
Video  meliora  proboque,  deteriora  sequor  [L.].      I  see  the  better  and 
approve,  the  worse  I  follow.     [Ovid,  Metamorphosis  vii,  20. | 


STABILITY— Adjectives— Continued. 

Obstinate.     See  Bigotry. 

On  a  rock.     On  a  solid  foundation. 

Perennial.     See  Lastingness. 

Permanent.     See  Mutation-Permanence. 

Reverseless.     Not  to  be  reversed. 

Riveted.     Firmly  fastened;  clinched. 

Rooted.     Firmly  fixed. 

Settled.     Permanently  fixed,  placed,  or  adjusted. 

Stable.     Unwavering;  durable. 

Steadfast.     Firmly  established;  constant. 

Steady.     Firm;  regular. 

Stereotyped.     Formed  in  an  unchangeable  manner. 

Stranded.     Driven  or  run  aground. 

Stuck  fast.     Immovable. 

Tethered.     Confined  to  certain  limits  by  means  of  a  rope  or  chain. 

Transfixed.     Pierced  through,  as  with  a  dart  or  spear. 

Unalterable.     Not  to  be  altered. 

Unaltered.     Not  altered. 

Unchangeable.     Incapable  of  being  changed. 

Undeviating.     Regular  in  rule,  principle,  or  purpose. 

Undying.     Immortal. 

Valid.     Forceful. 

Vested.     Fixed;  not  dependent  on  contingencies. 

Stability— Interjection, 

Stet  [L.|.     Let  it  stand. 

{Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


mu'-ta-ble.    Changeable.     Mutability-Stability. 


mu-ta'-tion. 

NENCE. 


The  act  of  changing.    Mutation-Perma- 


MUTATION— PERMANENCE. 


Alteration.     The  act  of  making  different;   or  the  state  of  being  made 

so. 
Break.     An  interruption  of  continuity. 
Change.     A  passing  from  one  form  or  condition  to  another. 
Changeableness.     Liability  to  change.     See  Mutability. 
Conversion.     See  Conversion. 

Deviation.     A  departure  from  the  usual  course  or  mode. 
Displacement.     A  putting  out  of  place.     See  Establishment-Re- 
moval. 
Innovation.     A  variation  in  methods  or  recognized  principles. 
Inversion.     A  reversing  of  the  natural  order  of  things. 
Metamorphosis.     A  change  of  form. 

Modification.     A  slight  variation,  or  the  result  of  such  variation. 
Mutation.     The  act  or  process  of  varying  the  form  or  qualities. 
Permutation.     Reciprocal  change. 
Qualification.     The  act  of  limiting  or  changing. 
Revolution.     See  Revolution. 
Transference.     The  act  of  conveying  from  one  person  or  place  to 

another.     See  Transfer. 
Transfiguration.     A  change  of  form. 
Transformation.     Conversion  into  another  form. 
Transmutation.        The    change   from    one  form    or  substance  into 

another. 
Turn.     Change  of  direction,  course,  or  tendency. 
Variation.    Partial  change  from  a  former  state  or  nature:  the  amount 

of  such  change. 

Mutation — Denotations. 
Alterative.     A  change-producing  medicine. 
Avatar.     The  descent  of  a  deity  into  incarnate  man.     [Hindu.] 
Diversion.     That  which  turns  or  draws  the  mind  from  care  or  study. 
Metempsychosis.     The  passing  of  a  dead  man's  soul  into  the  body 

of  some  other  animal. 
Modulation.     A  change  of  key  in  music,  or  in  the  pitch  of  the  voice. 
Mood.     Temporary  state  of  the  mind  in  regard  to  passions  or  feeling. 
Tergiversation.     Fickleness  of  conduct. 

Transanimation.    The  conveyance  of  a  soul  from  one  body  to  another. 
Transmigration.     The  act  of  passing  from  one  country  to  another; 

the  passing  of  the  soul  at  death  into  another  mortal  body. 
Transubstantiation.    The  changing  of  the  bread  and  wine  of  the  Mass 

into  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ. 

Mutation — Scientific  Terms. 

Metagenesis.  The  production  of  sexual  individuals  by  non-sexual 
means. 

Metastasis.  A  sudden  and  complete  change  of  a  disease  in  its  loca- 
tion. 


Conservation.     The  keeping  of  a  thing  entire  or  unchanged. 

Conservatism.     Opposition  to  change. 

Endurance.     Lastingness. 

Maintenance.     Keeping  up. 

Obstinacy.     See  Bigotry. 

Permanence.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  fixed  or  indefinitely 

continued. 
Persistence.     Continuity  of  policy,  condition,  or  action. 
Preservation.     The  state  of  being  kept  from  destruction  or  decay. 
Quiescence.     See  Movement-Rest. 
Stability.     See  Mutability-Stability. 
Standing.     Duration  or  existence. 
Status  quo  [L.fl.     The  state  in  which. 

Permanence — Denotations. 

Law  of  the  Medes  and  Persians.     A  figurative  expression  for  anything 

unchangeable.     [Bible. fl 
Standing  dish.     A  dish  or  article  of  food  always  on  hand. 

Permanence — Verbs. 

Abide.     To  continue  stable  or  fixed  in  some  position  or  condition. 

Aby.     To  suffer;  endure. 

Bide.     To  inhabit  permanently;  remain  firm. 

Dwell.     To  have  a  permanent  habitation. 

Endure.     To  remain  firm;   to  continue  unyielding. 

Hold.     To  maintain  or  cause  to  remain  in  a  fixed  position,  condition, 

or  relation. 
Hold  good.     To  continue  in  full  force  and  effect. 
Hold  on.     To  continue  in. 
Hold  one's  footing.     To  stand  firm. 
Hold  one's  ground.     To  maintain  one's  position. 
Keep  one's  ground.     To  stand  firm. 
Last.     To  remain  unimpaired;   to  continue  indefinitely. 
Let  alone.     To  allow  to  remain  without  interference. 
Let  be.     Not  to  molest  or  interfere  with. 
Live.     To  continue  in  existence. 
Maintain.     To  keep  up;  to  support. 
Outlive.     To  live  longer  than. 

Persist.     To  continue  obstinately  in  opinion  or  action. 
Remain.     To  endure  in  an  unchanged  form  or  condition. 
Rest.     To  remain  fixed. 
Stand.     To  maintain  a  fixed  position. 
Stand  fast.     To  be  immovable. 
Stand  still. 

Stay.     To  continue  fixed  for  an  indefinite  time. 
Subsist.     To  continue  in  the  present  state. 


MUTATION. 


697 


MUZZLE. 


MUTATION— PERMANENCE— Continued. 


Mutation—  Verbz. 

Alter.      To  produce  a  change  in. 

Change.     To  make  different,  substitute. 

Chop.     To  exchange. 

Convert  into.     See  Conversion. 

Deviate.     To  depart  from  the  usual  course  or  condition. 

Distuib      See  Organization-Disorganization. 

Diversify.     To  make  various  in  form  or  quality 

Evert.     To  overturn. 

Give  a  color  to.     To  modify. 

Give  a  turn  to.     To  change  slightly. 

Influence.     To  affect  by  hidden  power,  physical  or  moral. 

Innovate.     To  alter  by  the  introduction  of  something  new. 

Introduce  new  blood.     To  change  the  breed. 

Metamorphose.     To  change  the  form  of. 

Modify.     To  shape  anew;  to  vary. 

Modulate.     To  vary  in  tone. 

Pass  to.     To  change  to. 

Qualify.     To  modify. 

Recast.     See  Revolution. 

Resume.     To  continue  after  an  interruption. 

Reverse.     See  Reversal. 

Ring    the    changes.     To    present    facts    or    arguments   in    various 

manners. 
Shift.     To  vary  in  direction  or  position. 
Shift  the  scenes.     To  change  location  or  surroundings. 
Shuffle.     To  change  the  relative  position  of;  to  shift  ground. 
Shuffle  the  cards. 

Superinduce.     To  bring  in  as  an  addition. 
Tack.     To  change  the  course  of  a  ship. 
Take  a  turn.     To  change  for  better  or  for  worse 
Tamper  with.     To  meddle  with  or  alterate  unlawfully. 
Transfigure.     To  change  the  external  form  or  appearance  of. 
Transform.     To  make  different  in  substance  or  shape. 
Transmogrify.     To  change  into  a  different  form 
Transmute.     To  make  different  in  nature,  shape,  or  substance. 
Transume      To  tak>*  from  one  to  another.    . 
Turn.     To  reverse  the  shape  or  position  of;  be  changed. 
Turn  aside.     To  change  from. 

Turn  over  a  new  leaf.     To  change  from  one's  bad  habits. 
Turn  the  corner.     To  start  changing  for  the  better. 
Turn  the  scale.     To  change  the  advantage 
Vamp.     To  patch  or  repair. 
Vary.     To  make   partially  different  in   properties,  proportions,  or 

nature. 
Veer.     To  change  direction ,  to  turn. 
Warp.     To  bend  from  the  true  direction. 
Wax  and  wane.     To  increase  and  decrease  in  size  or  condition,  as  the 

moon 
Work  a  change. 

Mutation — A  djectives , 

Alterative.      Causing  change. 
Changeable.     See  Mutability. 
Changed.     See  Verbs. 

Modifiable.     Capable  of  being  diversified  by  various  forms  and  dif- 
ferences. 
Newfangled.      Disposed  to  change  frequently. 
Transitional.     Containing,  denoting,  or  involving  change. 


PERMANENCE— Verbs— Continued 

Survive.     To  exist  longer  than. 

Tarry,     To  stay  in  the  same  place  for  a  time. 

Permanence — Adjectives. 
Conservative.     Disposed  or  tending  to  maintain  existing  conditions. 
Established.     Made  firm;  well  founded. 
Intact.     Left  entire.  # 

Inviolate.     Unbroken;  unhurt. 
Monotonous.     Kept  up  with  wearying  uniformity. 
Permanent.     Lasting. 
Persistent.     Inclined  to  remain  firm. 
Persisting.     See  Verbs. 

Qualis  ab  incepto  [L.||.     The  same  as  from  the  beginning. 
Stable.     See  Mutability-Stability. 
Stationary.     See  Movement-Rest. 
Unchanged.     Not  changed. 
Unchequered.     Undiversified. 
Undestroyed. 

Unfailing.     Incapable  of  being  exhausted. 
Unrenewed.     The  same  as  before. 
Unrepealed.     Not  canceled. 
Unsuppressed.     Not  subdued. 

Permanence — Adverbs. 
At  a  stand.     In  a  fixed  state  or  condition. 
At  a  standstill.     At  a  full  stop. 
Finally.     Lastly. 
For  good.     For  evermore. 
In  statu  quo  [L.].     In  the  former  state. 
Uti  possidetis  [L.].     The  state  of  present  possession. 
Without  a  shadow  of  turning.     With  no  sign  of  change. 

Permanence — Phrases. 
Esto  perpetua  [L.].     Let  it  be  perpetual.    [Father  Paul,  of  the  state. 

Blackstone,  I,  14s.] 
J*y  suis  et  j'y  resie  [F.].     Here  I  am  and  here  I  stay. 
Nolumus  leges  Anglice  mutari   [L.].      We  do  not  wish  the   laws  of 

England  to  be  changed.      [The    earls  and  barons  of   England. 

Blackstone,  I,  19.] 


MUTATION— Continued. 
Mutation — Interjection. 
Quantum  mutatus  [L.].     How  changed. 

Mutation — Phrases. 
"A  change  came  over  the  spirit  of  my  dream."    [Byron,  The  Dream.} 
Casaque  tourner  [F.l      To  turn  one's  coat;  to  change  one's  party. 
In  statu  quo  ante  bellum  [L.].    As  it  was  before  the  war. 
Mutatis  mutandis  [L.].     The  necessary  changes  having  been  made. 
Non  sum  qualis  eram  [L.].     T  am  not  what  I  was.     [Horace,  Odes 

IV.  i,  3.3 

Nous  avons  change"  tout  cela  [F.l     We  have  changed  all  that. 

Tempora  mutantur,  et  nos  mutamur  in  illis  [L.].  The  times  are 
changed  and  we  are  changed  with  them. 

Vox  audita  perit,  littera  scripta  manet  [L.].  The  spoken  word  per- 
ishes, the  written  word  remains. 


mutatis  mutandis  [L.]  (miu-te'-tis  miu-tan'-dis).  The 
necessary  change  being  made.  Computation-Per- 
mutation, Interdependence,  Mutation-Perma- 
nence. 

mutato  nomine  de  te  fabula  narratur  [L.]  (miu-te'-to 
nom'-i-ni  di  ti  fab'-yu-la  nar-re'-tur) .  The  name 
being  changed,  the  story  is  told  of  you.  Reprisal- 
Resistance,  Trope. 

mute.  A  dramatis  persona;  unpronounced;  silent;  an 
instrument.  Acting,  Letter,  Life-Funeral,  Musi- 
cal Instruments,  Sound-Silence,  Talkativeness- 
Taciturnity,  Vocalization-Muteness;  deaf  mute, 
Hearing- Deafness;  render  mute,  Vocalization- 
Muteness. 

mute'-ness.  Dumbness.  Loquacity-Taciturnity, 
Sound-Silence. 

mu'-ti-late.  To  retrench;  to  maim;  to  deform.  Addi- 
tion -  Subtraction,  Betterment  -  Deterioration, 
Form-Formlessness. 


mu'-ti-la"-ted .      Incomplete.      Entirety-Deficiency. 

mu'-ti-la"-tion.  Condition  of  being  mutilated  Good- 
Evil. 

mu"-ti-neer'.  To  engage  in  mutiny.  Insubordina- 
tion-Obedience, Patriotism-Treason. 

mu"-ti-neer'-ing.  Rebelling.  Insubordination-Obe 
dience. 

mu'-ti-nous.  Rebellious.  Insubordination-Obedi- 
ence, Patriotism-Treason. 

mu'-ti-ny.  To  rise  against  authority.  Insubordina- 
tion-Obedience, Patriotism-Treason. 

mut'-ter.  Faint  sound;  imperfect  speech;  to  threaten; 
to  grumble.  Charitableness-Menace,  Jubilation- 
Lamentation,  Loudness-Faintness,  Speech-Inar- 
ticulateness. 

mu'-tu-al.  Reciprocally  related;  correlative.  Compu- 
tation-Permutation, Interdependence. 

mu'-tule.     An  ornament.     Architecture. 

muz'-zle,    The  mouth  of  a  thing;  to  bind;  to  restrain 


MUZZLE. 


698 


MYTHOLOGY. 


Aperture-Closure,  Border,  Might-Impotence, 
Release-Prison,  Release-Restraint,  Sound- 
Silence,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

muz'-zle-load"-er.  A  firearm  loaded  through  the 
muzzle.     Weapon. 

muz'-zy.  Stupid;  tipsy.  Heed-Disregard,  Teeto- 
talism-Intemperance. 

my.  Personal  pronoun.  All  my  eye,  Truthfulness- 
Fabrication;  my  stars!  Astonishment-Expec- 
tance. 

my-col'-o-gy.    Science  of  fungi.    Zoology-Botany 

myn-heer'.     Sir.     Title. 

my-ol'-o-gy.  Science  of  muscular  system.  Text- 
ure. 

my'-o-man"-cy.     Divination.     Prophecy. 

my-o'-pi-a.  Defect  in  vision.  Sight-Dimsighted- 
ness. 

my-op'-ic.     Near-sighted.     Sight-Dimsightedness. 

myr'-i-ad.     Ten  thousand;    a  multitude.     Five-Quin- 

QUESECTION,  MULTIPLICITY- PAUCITY. 

myr'-i-a-gram.     Unit  of  weight.     Measure. 
myr'-i-a-me"-ter.     Unit  of  lineal  measure.     Measure. 
myr'-mi-don.      An   unscrupulous   follower.      Bellig- 
erent. 
myrrh.    A  perfume.     Perfume-Stench. 
myr'-tle.    A  plant  sacred  to  Venus.     Love-Hate. 


my-self'.  I;  spirit.  Materiality-Spirituality,  Uni- 
versality-Particularity. 

mys-te'-ri-ous.  Secret;  obscure;  mystic.  Astonish- 
ment -  Expectance,  Clearness  -  Obscurity,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Visibility-Invisibility. 

mys'-ter-y.  A  dramatic  representation;  an  enigma;  a 
secret;  a  trade.  Acting,  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Manifestation-Latency,  Occupation,  Tidings- 
Mystery,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

mys'-tic.  Uncertain;  obscure;  secret.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Devotion-Magic 
Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

mys'-tic-al.     Secret.     Clearness-Obscurity. 

mys'-ti-cism.     Obscurity.     Heaven-Hell. 

mys"-ti-fi-ca'-tion.  Act  of  mystifying.  Clearness- 
Obscurity,  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

mys'-ti-fy.  To  confuse;  to  make  obscure;  to  impose 
on  the  credulity  of.  Education-Misteaching,  En- 
lightenment -  Secrecy,  Ratiocination  -  Instinct, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

myth.  A  tradition;  a  fictitious  narrative.  Fancy, 
Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

myth'-ic.     Fabulous.     Fancy. 

myth"-o-log'-ic-al.     Fabulous.     Fancy. 

myth-ol'-c-gy.  Science  of  myths.  Jove-Fiend,  0»- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 


NAB. 


699 


NAME— MISNOMER. 


N 


mab.  Catch  furtively  or  suddenly.  Taking-Restitu- 
tion, Truthfulness-Fraud. 

na'-bob.  Luxurious  rich  man;  viceroy.  Affluence- 
Penury,  Order. 

na'-cre-ous.     Pearly.     Variegation. 

na'-dir.     Lowest  possible  point.     Top-Bottom. 

nag.  A  small  horse;  a  scold.  Conveyer,  Variance- 
Accord. 

nager  entre  deux  eaux  [F.]  (na-zhe'  arrtrduzo).    To 
swim  between  two  streams;  to  be  a  trimmer  between 
two  parties.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

na'-iad.  Water-nymph;  river-mussel.  Jove-Fiend, 
Ocean-Land. 

na'-ik.  In  British  India,  a  leader  or  chief.  Chief- 
Underling. 

nail.  Fix  in  place;  a  measure  of  2 3^  inches;  a  cal- 
losity. Anatomy,  Connective,  Hardness-Soft- 
ness, Instrument,  Keeping -Relinquishment, 
Length-Shortness,  Suspension-Support,  Union- 
Disunion  ;  hit  the  right  nail  on  the  head,  Discovery, 
Skill-Unskilfulness,  Success-Failure;  on  the 
nail  Settlement-Default,  Time. 


nail'-er-y.    A  place  where  nails  are  made.     Workshop. 

na-ive'.  Characterized    by    unaffected    simplicity. 

Craft-Artlessness. 

na"-ive"-te'.  Simplicity  without  art.  Craft-Art- 
lessness. 

na'-ked.  Stripped  of  clothes;  evident.  Dress-Un* 
dress,  Manifestation-Latency;  naked  eye,  Sight- 
Blindness;  naked  fact,  Occurrence-Destiny; 
naked  sword,  Weapon;   naked  truth,  Truth-Error. 

na'-ked-ness.     State  of  being  naked.     Nature-Art. 

nam"-by-pam'-by.  Affectedly  pretty;  weakly  senti- 
mental. Propriety-Impropriety,  Society-Af- 
fectation. 

name.  Designation  given  to  anything;  nominate; 
reputation.  Commission-Abrogation,  Name-Mis- 
nomer, Reputation-Discredit,  Sign,  Word-Neol- 
ogy; assume  a  name,  Name-Misnomer;  bad  name, 
Reputation-Discredit;  call  names,  Regard-Dis- 
respect, Uprightness-Dishonesty;  fair  name, 
Reputation-Discredit;  good  name,  Reputation- 
Discredit;  in  the  name  of,  Dueness-Undueness, 
Obstruction-Help,  Rule-License. 


NAME— MISNOMER. 


Agnomen.     An  additional  name,  or  an  epithet  appended  to  a  name. 
Autonomasia.     Substitution  of  a  title  or  epithet  for  a  proper  name. 
Antonym.     A  word  opposed  to  another  in  meaning. 
Appellation.     Name  by  which  a  thing  is  known  descriptively. 
Appellative.     A  common  name  as  distinguished  from  a  proper  one. 
Baptism.     Act  of  baptizing,  calling  by  the  Christian  name. 
By-name.     A  nickname;  epithet. 
By-word.     Common  expression. 
Cant,  etc.       Phraseology  assumed  for  effect;    stock  phrases.      See 

Word-Neology. 
Cognomen.     A  name  added  to  a  nomen  to  denote  family. 
Cognomination.     A  cognomen  or  surname. 
Compellation.     Word  of  salutation. 
Convertible  terms,  etc.     Interchangeable,  transformable  terms.     See 

Interpretation. 
Denomination.     Name ;  specific  designation. 
Description.     A  representation  in  words. 
Designation.     A  distinguishing  name  or  mark. 
Empty  name.     A  name  destitute  of  force  or  meaning. 
Empty  title.     A  title  or  name  without  weight  or  value. 
Epithet.     A  word  expressive  of  some  real  quality  in  the  thing  to 

which  it  is  applied. 
Expression.     A  saying;  representation  by  words. 
Handle  to  one's  name.     A  colloquial  title. 

Head.       I  Caption,  title,  or  the  like. 

Heading.) 

Hoosier.     Nickname  for  an  inhabitant  of  Indiana. 

Name.     That  by  which  a  person  or  thing  is  called. 

Namesake.     One  who  is  named  after  another. 

Naming,  etc.     Act  of  giving  a  name.     See  Verbs. 

Nomenclature.     A  list  of  names,  as  used  in  a  science  or  art. 

Nomination.     Act  of  mentioning  by  names. 

Noun.     Name  of  anything. 

Nuncupation.     Act  of  naming  or  dedicating. 

Onomatopoeia.     Formation  of  words  by  imitation  of  sounds. 

Patronymic.     A  name  derived  from  an  ancestor. 

Praenomen.  A  name  added  to  a  family  name  to  denote  the  indi- 
vidual. 

Proper  name.  A  name  applied  to  a  particular  person,  place,  or 
thing. 

Style.     Title;  phrase  of  appellation. 

Surname.  A  name  added  to  a  personal  name  to  make  it  more  spe- 
cific. 

Term.     A  word  or  expression  used  to  designate  some  definite  thing. 

Title.     An  inscription  to  designate  the  name  of  a  thing. 


Alias  [L.].     A  false  or  assumed  name. 

Assumed  name.     Pretended ;  fictitious  name. 

Assumed  title.     A  name  or  title  not  generally  credited  to  a  person. 

By-name.     A  nickname;  epithet. 

Lucus  a  non  lucendo  [L.].     A  far-fetched  etymology. 

Misnomer.     A  wrong  name ;  an  inapplicable  designation. 

Nickname.  A  name  sometimes  given  in  derision,  sometimes  in  com- 
pliment. 

Nom  de  guerre  [F.  (  An  assumed  name  on  entering  the  arm  y ;  a  nick- 
name; a  traveling  name. 

Nom  de  plume  [F.jJ.     An  assumed  literary  title. 

Pseudonym.     A  fictitious  name ;  a  pen-name. 

Pseudonymy.     Practise  of  assuming  different  names. 

Sobriquet  [F.].     A  fanciful  or  humorous  appellation. 

What  d'ye  call  'em,  etc.  A  colloquialism  indicating  forgetfulness  or 
contempt  for  the  persons  or  things  referred  to.     See  Neology, 

Misnomer — Denotation. 

Mrs.  Malaprop.  A  character  in  Sheridan's  The  Rivals,  who  use* 
words  inappropriately. 

Misnomer — Verbs. 
Assume  a  name.     To  pretend  to  possess  a  name. 
Miscall.     To  give  a  wrong  name  to. 
Misname.     To  call  by  the  wrong  name. 
Misterm.     To  name  erroneously. 
Nickname.     To  call  by  an  opprobrious  or  complimentary  name. 

Misnomer — Adjectives. 

Anonymous.     Bearing  no  name. 

Having  no  name.     Possessing  no  designation  or  appellation. 

Innominate.     Without  a  specific  name. 

Misnamed,  etc.     Wrongly  named.     See  Verbs. 

Nameless.     Having  no  name;  inexpressible. 

Pseudonymous.     Bearing  a  false  name  or  signature. 

Self-called.     Named  without  outside  aid. 

Self -christened.     Self-named. 

Self-styled.     Called  or  styled  by  oneself. 

So-called.     Generally  styled  thus;  called  as  stated. 

Soi-disant  [F.].     Pretended ;  would-be ;  implying  false  pretena* 

Unnamed.     Not  having  received  a  name. 

Without  a  name.     Nameless;  possessing  no  name. 

Misnomer — Adverb. 
In  no  sense.     By  no  means ;  by  no  process  of  naming. 


NAME. 


700 


NATTY. 


NAM  E— Continued. 
Name — Scientific  Nouns. 
Orismology.     Science  of  denning  scientific  and  technical  terms.  Technical  terms.     Expressions  or  names  in  technical  sciences. 


Name — Verbs 


Baptize.     To  christen  or  name. 

Be  called,  etc.     To  be  appointed  or  named.     See  Verbs. 

Bear  the  name  of.     To  possess  the  name  of. 

Call.     To  name ;  designate. 

Characterize.     To  mark ;  especially  by  stamping  or  engraving. 

Clepe.     To  name ;  call. 

Define.     To  state  precisely  the  meaning  of. 

Denominate.     To  give  a  name  or  epithet  to. 

Designate.     To  mention  by  a  distinctive  name. 

Distinguish  by  the  name  of.     To  tell  or  recognize  by  the  name. 

Dub.     To  name ;  entitle. 


Entitle.     To  give  a  title  to;  name. 

Go  or  be  known  by  the  name  of.       To  be  familiarly  known  by  the 

name  of  so  and  so. 
Go  or  pass  under  the  name  of.     To  be  known  by. 
Label,  etc.     To  classify  or  designate.     See  Mark. 
Name.     To  distinguish  by  giving  a  particular  appellation  to. 
Rejoice  in  name  of.     To  take  pride  in  a  peculiar  appellation. 
Specify.     To  name  expressly  or  particularly. 
Style.     To  give  a  designation  to ;  call. 
Take  the  name  of.     To  receive  or  appropriate  a  name. 


Name — Adjectives. 


Cognominal.     Pertaining  to  the  surname. 

Hight.     Called;  named. 

Known  as.     Recognized ;  called  by  name  of. 

Named, etc.     Nominated;  mentioned;  spoken  of.     See  Verbs. 

Nominal.     Pertaining  to  a  name ;  existing  in  name  only. 

Nuncupative.     Declaratory;  existing  only  in  name. 

Nuncupatory,     Nuncupative;  oral. 


Orismological.     Pertaining  to  orismology. 

Titular.     Existing  in  title  only ,  nominal. 

What  one  may  fairly  call. 

What  one  may  fitly  call.  ;  Expressions    pertaining    to 

What  one  may  properly  call.  J       but  varying  in  degree. 

What  one  may  well  call. 

Yclept.     Archaic  for  called ;  named. 


named.     Given  a  name.     Name-Misnomer. 

name'-less.  Without  reputation ;  anonymous.  Name- 
Misnomer,  Reputation-Discredit. 

name'-ly.  To  wit.  Interpretation-Misinter- 
pretation, Universality- Particularity. 

name'-sake.  Having  the  same  name.  Name-Mis- 
nomer. 

na'-ming.     Giving  a  name.     Name-Misnomer. 

Na'-na  Sa'-hib.  One  of  the  leaders  in  the  Sepoy  mutiny. 
Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

nan-keen'.     A  Chinese  fabric.     Materials. 

nan'-ny-goat.     Female  goat.     Male-Female. 

nap.  Woolly  surface  of  felt,  etc.;  short  sleep.  Activ- 
ity-Indolence, Smoothness-Roughness,  Texture. 

nape.     Back  of  the  neck.     Anteriority- Posteriority. 

na'-pha-wa"-ter.  A  perfume  made  by  distilling 
orange-flowers.     Perfume-Stench. 

naph'-tha.  An  inflammable  oil  distilled  from  organic 
bodies.     Chemistry,  Pulpiness-Oiliness. 

Na'-pier's  bones.  Mathematical  contrivance.  Num- 
bering. 

nap'-kin.  Small  cloth.  Cleanness  -Filthiness; 
buried  in  a  napkin,  Carefulness-Carelessness; 
lay  up  in  a  napkin,  Use-Disuse. 

nap'-less.     Without  a  nap.     Dress-Undress. 

na-po'-le-on.  A  form  of  euchre.  Entertainment- 
Weariness 

Na-po'-le-on  of  fi-nance'.     Financier.     Labor-Capital. 

Napoli,  e  poi  muori,  vedi  [It.]  (na-po'-li,  e  po'-t  mu-or'-i, 
ve'-di).  See  Naples,  and  die.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Pleasure-Pain. 

nap'-ping.  Unattentive;  sleepy.  Expectation-Sur- 
prise, Heed-Disregard,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

nap'-py.  Strong  beer  or  ale.  Teetotalism-Intem- 
perance,  Viscidity-Foam. 

Nar-cis'-sus.     Mythological  being.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

■var-cot'-ic.  A  drug.  Healthiness-Unhealthiness, 
Remedy-Bane. 

nar-rate'.     To  tell;  recite.     Account. 

nar-ra'-tion.  Something  related.  Account,  Rhet- 
oric. 

nar'-ra-tive.  An  orderly  continuous  account.  Ac- 
count, Rhetoric 

nar-ra'-tor.  One  who  relates  or  narrates.  Tidings- 
Mystery. 

nar'-row.         Contracted.  Breadth-Narrowness, 

Enlargement-Diminution;  narrow  end  of  the 
wedge,   Beginning-End;    narrow   escape,    Escape; 


narrow  house,  Life-Funeral;  narrow  means, 
Affluence-Penury;  narrow  search,  Investiga- 
tion-Answer. 

nar'-row-ing.  The  act  of  reducing  in  width.  Breadth- 
Narrowness. 

nar'-row-mind'-ed .  Bigoted;  selfish.  Decision-Mis- 
judgment,  Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

nar'-row-ness.     Illiberality.     Breadth-Narrowness. 

na'-sal.  Modified  or  produced  by  the  nose.  Speech- 
Inarticulateness. 

na'-sal  ac'-cent.  Talking  through  the  nose.  Speech- 
Inarticulateness. 

nas'-cent.     Coming  into  being.     Beginning-End. 

nascitur  a  sociis  [L.]  (nas'-i-tur  e  so'-shi-is).  One  is 
found  out  from  his  companions.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality. 

nascitur  ridiculus  mus  [L.]  (nas'-i-tur  ri-dic'-yu-lus 
mus).  A  ridiculous  mouse  is  born.  Expecta- 
tion-Disappointment. 

naso,  omnia  sits  pendens  [L.]  (ne'-so,  om'-ni-a  sus-pen'- 
dens).  Suspending  everything  from  his  nose;  turn- 
ing up  his  nose  at  everything.  [Horace.]  Desire- 
Particularness. 

nas'-ty.  Filthy;  offensive;  unsavory.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Palatableness  -  Unpalatableness, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  cheap  and  nasty, 
Costliness-Cheapness. 

nata,  pro  re  [L.]  (ne'-ta,  pro  ri).  According  to  the 
circumstances.     Terms. 

na'-tal.  Birth;  indigenous.  Beginning-End,  Dwel- 
ler-Habitation. 

na-ta'-tion.  Swimming  or  floating.  Traveling-Nav- 
igation. 

nath'-less.     Nevertheless.     Compensation. 

na'-tion.  A  race.  Humanity;  national  guard,  Bel- 
ligerent. 

na"-tion-al'-i-ty.  Patriotism;  nation.  Humanita- 
rianism-Misanthropy,  Humanity. 

na'-tions,  law  of.  International  law.  Law-Law- 
lessness. 

na'-tive.  Artless;  not  artificial;  inhabitant.  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Dweller-Habitation,  Nature-Art; 
native  accent,  Vocalization-Muteness;  native  land, 
Dweller-Habitation;  native  soil,  Dweller-Habi- 
tation; native  tongue,  Language. 

na-tiv'-i-ty.  Birth.  Beginning-End,  Nature-Art; 
cast  a  nativity,  Devotion-Magic,  Prophecy. 

nat'-ty.     Neatly  fine.    Beauty-Ugliness. 


NATURA. 


701 


NATURE— ART. 


nature  il  fece  e  poi  roppe  la  stampa  [It.]  (na-tu'-ra  il  fe'- 
che  e  po'-t  rop'-p£  la  stam'-pa).  Nature  made  him, 
and  then  broke  the  mold.    Solitude-Company. 

uatura  non  fecit  saltum  [L.]  (ne-tiu'-ra  non  fi'-sit  sal'- 
tum).  Nature  makes  no  leap.  Regularity-Ir- 
regularity. 

natttrcB,  vis  medicatrix  [L.]  (ne-tiu'-ri,  vis  med-i-ke'- 
trix).  The  healing  power  of  nature.  Remedy- 
Bane. 

nat'-u-ral.  Intrinsic;  not  sharped  or  flatted;  spon- 
taneous; artless.  Craft-Artlessness,  Melody- 
Dissonance,  Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Puri- 
ty -Crudeness,  Sage -Fool,  Subjectiveness-Ob- 
jectiveness,  Truth-Error;  natural  condition,  Na- 
ture-Art; natural  course  of  things,  Habit-Desue- 
tude; natural  death,  Completion-Noncompletion, 
Life-Death;  natural  history,  Nature-Art,  Organ- 
ization-Inorganization;  natural  law,  Nature-Art; 
natural  meaning,  Meaning-Jargon  ;  natural  order 
of  things,  Conventionality-  Unconventionality; 
natural  philosophy,  Materiality-Spirituality;  nat- 
ural religion,  Nature-Art;  natural  science,  Na- 
ture-Art;   natural  state,  Uniformity-Multiform- 


ity; natural  theology,  Nature-Art,  Theology;  nat- 
ural turn,  Affections.  ' 

nat'-u-ral-ism.     Adherence  to  nature.     Nature-Art. 

nat'-u-ral-ist.  Natural  scientist.  Organization-In- 
organization. 

nat"-u-ral-i-za'-tion.  Conformity ;  conversion ;  loca- 
tion. Conventionality-Unconventionality,  Con- 
version-Reversion, Establishment-Removal. 

nat'-u-ral-ize.     Habituate.     Habit-Desuetude. 

nat'-u-ral-ized.     Inhabitant.    Dweller-Habitation. 

nat'-u-ral-ly.       Spontaneously.       Cause-Effect,  Na 
ture-Art. 

nat'-u-ral-ness.  Qualityof  being  natural.  Nature-Art. 

na'-ture.  Existing  system  of  things;  inclination;  sim- 
plicity; affection.  Affections,  Craft-Artlessness, 
Inclination,  Nature- Art,  Subjectiveness-  Ob- 
jectiveness,  Truth-Error,  Uniformity-Multi- 
formity, Universe;  animated  nature,  Organiza- 
tion-Inorganization;  in  nature's  garb,  Dress-Un* 
dress;  organized  nature,  Organization-Inorgan- 
ization;  second  nature,  Habit-Desuetude;  state  of 
nature,  Dress-Undress,  Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration. 


NATURE— ART. 


Nature.     The  condition  of  the  universe  in  respect  to  all  its  phe- 
nomena and  laws. 

Nature — Associated  Nouns. 


Accordance  with  reality.}  Naturalness 
Accordance  with  truth.    ) 


Character.    Fidelity  in  painting  the  characteristic  features  of  objects. 

Conformity  with  nature.     Agreeableness  to  nature. 

Constitution.     The  make-up  of  anything. 

Creation.     The  world  of  nature. 

Essentiality.     The  essential  characteristic  of  a  thing. 

Genuineness.     Reality. 

Ingenuity.      Natural  cleverness. 

Legitimacy.     Genuineness. 

Nakedness.      Natural  state. 

Natural  condition.      Naturalness. 

Natural  history.     The  study  of  zoology,  botany,  etc. 

Naturalism.     Adherence  to  nature  in  all  forms  of  art. 

Natural  law.     Laws  governing  the  phenomena  of  nature. 

Naturalness.     State  of  displaying  nothing  artificial. 

Natural  religion.     System  of  beliefs  concerning  God  and  duty  toward 

Him  derived  from  the  study  of  nature  and  not  from  revelation. 
Natural  science.     The  science  of  material  nature. 
Natural  theology.     Theology  based  on  the  study  of  nature  and  not  on 

revelation. 
Nature-deity.     A  power  of  nature  personified  as  a  deity. 
Nature-myth.     Myth  based  on  a  natural  phenomenon. 
Nature-worship.     The  worship  of  natural  objects  or  phenomena  as 

gods. 
Reality.     The  quality  of  being  real. 
Regularity.     Quality  of  having  uniformity. 
Simplicity.     State  of  being  free  from  elaborateness. 
Spontaneity.     The  quality  of  proceeding  from  inherent  tendencies. 
Unregeneracy.     Quality  and  state  of  being  unregenerate. 

Nature — Adjectives. 
Artless.     Honest;  frank. 
Characteristic.     Showing  the  distinctive  qualities  or  traits  of  a  person 

or  thing. 
Consistent  with  nature.     Natural. 

Constitutional.     Inherent  in  the  structure  of  the  body  or  mind. 
Created.     Brought  into  being;  caused  to  exist. 
Essential.     Belonging  to  that  which  makes  a  thing  what  it  is. 
From  nature.      Natural. 
Genuine.     Belonging  to  the  original  stock. 

Indigenous.     Produced,  or  existing  naturally  in  a  country  or  climate. 
Ingenuous.     Plain;  candid.  ^ 
"ntrinsic.     Innate;  inward. 
Legitimate.     Authorized;  not  false. 
Lifelike.     Appearing  as  though  possessing  life. 
Native.     Conferred  by  birth;  born  in  the  region  in  which  one  lives. 
Normal.     Conformed  to  a  standard,  or  nature. 
Original.      Pertaining  to  the  origin,  first  in  order. 
Real.     Actually  in  being  or  existence. 
Regular.     According  to  nature  or  law. 


Art.  The  practical  application  of  knowledge;  study  of  a  branch  of 
learning  to  be  applied;  the  embodiment  of  beautiful  thoughts  in 
sensuous  forms. 

Art — Associated  Nouns. 

Architecture.     Science  and  art  of  constructing  buildings. 
Arithmetic.     Science  of  numl>ers  and  the  art  of  their  use  in  getting 

results. 
Astronomy.     Science  of  the  stars. 
Copy.     An  imitation. 

Creation  of  beauty.     A  beautiful  creation. 
Embodied    beauty.     Something   showing   perfect   beauty   in   every 

respect. 
Fine  arts.     Arts  of   beauty:  painting,  engraving,  sculpture,  music 

and  poetry. 
Geometry.     That  branch   of   mathematics  which  investigates  the 

relations,  properties,  and  measurements  of  figures. 
Grammar.     The  art  of  correct  use  of  a  language. 
Illustration .     Representation. 

Imitation.     Something  made  to  appear  like  its  original. 
Liberal  arts.     Higher  branches  of  learning. 
Likeness.     That  which  resembles  anothei  thing. 

Literature.     The  written  productions  of  the  human  mind,  embody- 
ing power-giving,  inspiring,  and  elevating  thought. 
Logic.     The  art  of  reasoning. 
Manufacture.     Art  of  producing  goods. 

Music.     Science  and  art  of  the  rhythmic  combination  of  tones. 
Nativity.     Picture  representing  the  birth  of  Christ. 
Painting.     Art  of  representing  objects  on  a  surface  by  means  of 

pigments. 
Poetry.     The  art  of  expressing  beautiful  thought,  feeling,  or  action 
-  in  melodious  rhythmical  language. 
Profession.     Occupation  requiring  some  knowledge  of  the  liberal  or 

fine  arts. 
Representation.     Reproduction  of  an  object  by  art. 
Rhetoric.     The  science  and  art  of  discourse. 
Science.     Systematized  knowledge. 

Sculpture,     The  art  of  reproducing  natural  objects  in  solid  form 
Skill.     Dexterity 

Art — Adjectives. 

Artificial.     Made,  or  contrived  by  art;  unnatural. 
Artistic.     Pertaining  to  art. 
Copied.     Produced  from  an  original. 
Illustrated.     Made  clear  by  examples,  or  figures. 
Made.     Produced  artificially. 
Manufactured.     Made  by  hand  or  machinery. 


NATURE — Adjectives — Continued. 

Simple.     Open;  not  obscure;  not  complex. 
Spontaneous.     Arising  from  internal  impulse,  or  natural  law. 
True.     In  accordance  with  the  actual  condition  of  things. 
Unregenerate.     Not  changed  from  a  natural  to  a  spiritual  staoe. 


NATURE. 


702 


NECKERCLOTH. 


In  course.     In  regular  succession. 

In  the  course  of  nature.     By  natural  means. 


'  Study  nature,  not  books.1 


NATURE— Continued. 
Nature — Adverbs. 

Naturally.     According  to  nature. 
Of  course.     By  consequence. 

Nature — Phrase. 


na'-ture-de"-i-ty.  A  natural  power  worshiped  as  a 
god.    Nature-Art. 

na'-ture-myth".     Myth  about  nature.    Nature-Art. 

na'-ture-wor"-ship.  Worship  of  natural  objects.  Na- 
ture-Art. 

naught.  Nothing;  zero.  Plurality-Zero,  Sub- 
stance-Nullity; bring  to  naught,  Success-Fail- 
ure; set  at  naught,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Ob- 
servance -  Nonobservance,  Overvaluation  -  Un- 
dervaluation*, Regard  -  Disrespect,  Regard- 
Scorn. 

naugh'-ty.     Perverse.     Virtue-Vice. 

nau-ma'-chi-a.     Mock  sea-fight.     Strife-Peace. 

nau'-se-a.  Disgust;  weariness.  Desire-Distaste, 
Entertainment-Weariness. 

nau'-se-ate.  Affect  with  disgust;  give  pain.  Pala- 
tableness-Unpalatableness,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness 

nau'-se-a"-ting.  Disgusting;  sickening.  Pleasura- 
bleness-Pain  fulness. 

nau'-seous.  Disgusting;  unpleasant.  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Palatableness-Unpalatableness,  Pi.eas- 
urableness-pain  fulness. 

nau'-tic-al.  Pertaining  to  the  ocean.  Traveling- 
Navigation;  nautical  mile,  Measure. 

na'-val.  Relating  to  the  navy.  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion; naval  authorities,  Chief-Underling;  naval 
engagement,  Strife-Peace;  naval  forces,  Belliger- 
ent. 

na'-varch.     An  admiral.     Chief-Underling. 

nave.  Main  body  of  a  church;  the  hub;  the  navel. 
Architecture,  Center,  Pane,  Middle. 

na'-vel.  Central  point;  depression  on  the  abdomen. 
Center,  Middle. 

nav'-i-ga-ble.  Capable  of  navigation.  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

nav"-i-ga'-tion.  State  of  being  navigable.  Travel- 
ing-Navigation. 

nav'-i-ga"-tdr.     A  sailor.    Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

nav'-vy.     Common  laborer;   pioneer.     Agent,  Prepa- 

RATION-NONPREPARATION. 

na'-vy.  Ships;  fighters.  Belligerent,  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

na-wab'.     Moslem  ruler.     Chief-Underling. 

nay.  A  denial  or  refusal.  Assertion-Denial;  nay 
rather,  Sameness-Contrast. 

Naz"-a-rene'.  Disparaging  name  given  to  Christ  and 
early  Christians.     Godliness-Disbelief. 

IT.  B.     N ota  bene  (note  well).     Heed-Disregard. 

N.  byE.     North  by  east.     Aim-Aberration. 

N.  E.     Northeast.     Aim-Aberration. 

N.  E.  byN.     Northeast  by  north.     Aim-Aberration. 

ne  plus  ultra  [L.]  (nl  plus  ul'-tro).  No  more  beyond; 
nothing  superior  to  it.  Boundary,  Completion- 
Noncompletion,  Entirety -Deficiency,  Fault- 
lessness  -  faultiness,  remoteness  -  nearness, 
Supremacy-Subordinacy,  Top-Bottom. 

neaf.     The  fist  or  hand.     Keeping-Uelinquishment. 

neap.  Low;  ebb.  Enlargement-Diminution. 
Heigh  t-Lowness. 

neap  tide.     Low  tide.     Height- Lowness. 

near.  Like;  not  distant  in  time  or  place;  to  approach; 
miserly.  Approach-Withdrawal,    Earliness- 

L^tteness,  Extravagance-Avarice,  Future-Past, 
Likeness-Unlikeness,  Occurrence-Destinv    Rk. 


moteness-Nearness;  bring  near,  Likeness-Unlike- 
ness; come  near,  Approach- Withdrawal;  draw 
near,  Remoteness-Nearness;  near  at  hand,  Earii- 
ness-Lateness;  near  one's  end,  Life-Death;  near 
relation,  Relationship;  near  run,  Magnitude- 
Smallness;  near  side,  Right-Left;  near  sight, 
Sight- Dimsightedness;  near-sightedness,  Sight- 
Dimsightedness;  near  the  mark,  Magnitude- 
Smallness;  near  the  truth,  Discovery;  near  upon, 
Magnitude-Smallness;  sail  near  the  wind,  Reck- 
lessness-Caution, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

near'-ly.  Within  a  little.  Magnitude-Smallness.; 
nearly  all,  Whole-Part;  nearly  allied,  Relation- 
ship; nearly  related,  Relationship. 

near'-ness.     Closeness.     Remoteness-Nearness. 

neat.  Clean;  orderly;  spruce;  trim.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Cleanness-Filthiness,  Mixture-Homoge- 
neity, Purity-Crudeness,  Regularity-Irregu- 
larity, Simplicity-Floridness  Terseness-Pro- 
lixity; neat's-foot  oil,  Pulpiness-Oil. 

neat'-hand"-ed.     Deft.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

neat'-herd".  A  cow-keeper.  Domestication-Agri- 
culture. 

neb.     The  beak  or  bill.     Convexity-Concavity. 

neb'-u-la.  Star-cluster;  mist.  Astronomy,  Uni- 
verse, Viscidity-Foam. 

neb"-u-los'-i-ty.  Cloudiness;  nebulousness.  Dimness, 
Viscidity-Foam. 

neb'-u-lous.  Misty;  obscure.  Clearness-Obscurity, 
Viscidity-Foam. 

nec"-es-sa'-ri-an.  Pertaining  to  Tiecessarianism.  Vo- 
lition-Obligation. 

nec'-es-sa-ries.     Essential  requisites.      Need. 

nec'-es-sa"-ri-ly.  By  inevitable  consequence.  Cause- 
Effect. 

nec'-es-sa-ry.     Needful.     Volition-Obligation. 

ne-ces"-si-ta'-ri-an.  One  who  believes  in  fatalism. 
Volition-Obligation. 

necessitas  non  habct  legem  [L.]  (ni-ses'-si-tas  non 
ha'-bet  li'-jem) .     Necessity  has  no  law.     Need. 

necessitate  rei,  ex  [L.]  (ni-ses-si-te'-ti  ri'-ai,  ex). 
From  the  necessity  of  the  thing.  Action-Pas- 
siveness. 

ne-ces'-si-tate.     Make  necessary.     Need. 

ne-ces"-si-ta'-tion.  Compulsion.  Volition-Obliga- 
tion. 

ne-ces'-si-tous.  Extremely  needy.  Affluence-Pen- 
ury. 

ne-ces'-si-ty.  Fate;  an  essential  requisite;  poverty. 
Affluence-Penury,  Coercion,  Need,  Volition- 
Obligation;  make  a  virtue  of  necessity,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness. 

neck.  Long  slender  part  of  anything;  part  between 
the  shoulders  and  the  head.  Anatomy.  Breadth- 
Narrowness,  Enlargement-Diminution;  break 
one's  neck,  Life-Death;  neck  and  crop,  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Entirety-Deficiency;  neck  and  neck, 
Equality-Inequality;  neck  of  land,  Ocean-Land; 
neck  or  nothing,  Determination-Vacillation, 
Recklessness-Caution. 

neck'-cloth".     A  cravat.     Dress-Undress. 

neck'-er-chief.  A  kerchief  for  the  neck.  Dress-Un- 
dress. 

neck'-er-cloth.  A  cloth  for  the  neck.  Dress-Un- 
dress. 


NECKLACE. 


703 


NEGLECT. 


neck'-lace.  Ornament;  encircling  molding.  Circle- 
Winding,  Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

necks.     Water  sprites.     Jove-Fiend. 

nec-rol'-c-gy.  A  register  of  deaths.  Account,  Life- 
Death. 

nec'-rc-man"-cer.     A  magician.    Devotion-Magician. 

nec'-rc-man"-cy.     Black  art.     Devotion-Magic. 

nec-rop'-o-lis.     A  city  of  the  dead.     Life-Funeral. 

nec'-rop-sy.     Autopsy.     Life-Funeral. 

nec"-ro-scop'-ic.  Pertaining  to  necropsy.  Life- 
Funeral. 

nec-ro'-sis.     Mortification.     Health-Sickness. 

nec'-tar.  Sweet  and  delicious  drink  of  the  gods. 
Palatableness  -  Unpalatableness,  Sweetness- 
Acidity. 

nec-ta'-ri-ous.     Like  nectar.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

nee  tecum  possum  vivere,  nee  sine  te  [L.]  (nee  tt'-cum 
pos'-sum  viv'-er-i,  nee  scd'-ni  ti) .  Neither  with  thee 
can  I  live,  nor  without  thee.     Need. 

need.  Necessity;  want;  poverty;  desire.  Afflu- 
ence-Penury, Desire -Distaste,  Excess -Lack, 
Need;  friend  in  need,  Antagonist-Assistant;  in 
one's  utmost  need,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

NEED. 

Call  for.     A  need. 

Case  of  life  or  death.     An  extremely  urgent  necessity. 

Case  of  need.     Pressing  occasion  for  something. 

Demand  for.     Manifested  want. 

Desideratum.     That  which  is  desired. 

Essentiality.     The  condition  of  being  essential.     See  Adjectives. 

Exigency,     llie  condition  of  demanding  immediate  aid  or  assistance. 

Indispensability.      The  condition  of  being  indispensable.     See  AdjeC' 

tives. 
Matter  of  necessity.     Something  indispensable. 
Necessaries.     Those  things  which  must  be  had  unconditionally. 
Necessaries  of  life.     Those  things  which  must  be  had  to  sustain  life. 
Necessities.     Those  things  which  must  be  had  to  satisfy  certain 

wants  or  habits,  but  not  so  essential  to  the  entire  well-being  as 

the  necessaries. 
Necessity.     The  condition  which  demands  that  certain  things  must 

be  had. 
Need.     The  condition  of  something  being  necessary  or  very  desirable: 

used  chiefly  of  concrete  things. 
Needfulness.     Necessity  for  supply  or  relief. 
Pinch.     A  case  of  need  or  emergency. 

Requirement.     That  which  is  insisted  upon  as  a  necessary  condition. 
Requisite.     Something    which   the    very   nature    of   things   makes 

necessary 
Run  on.     Continued  and  pressing  demands,  especially  for  payment 

of  obligations;  as,  a  run  on  a  bank. 
Sine  qua  non  [L.3.     An  indispensable  condition. 
Stress.     Great  need;  distress. 

Urgency.     The  condition  of  being  urgent.     See  Adjectives. 
Want.     The  condition  of  being  without  that  which  contributes  to 

our  comfort  or  satisfies  our  desires. 
Wants.     Those  things  which  contribute  to  our  comfort  or  satisfy  our 

desires. 

Need — Verbs. 

Be  necessary,  etc.     Impossible  to  be  dispensed  with. 

Call  for.     To  demand. 

Create  a  necessity  for.     To  make  essential. 

Desiderate.     To  feel  a  desire  or  need  for. 

Desire.     To  wish  or  long  for. 

Have  occasion  for.     To  have  need  or  requirement. 

Lack.     To  be  deficient. 

Make  a  requisite.     To  make  necessary  or  needful. 

Necessitate.     To  render  necessary. 

Need.     To  be  in  a  condition  of  need.     See  Nouns. 

Not  able  to  do  without.     To  have  a  great  need  for. 

Not  able  to  dispense  with.     To  be  necessary. 

Prerequire.     To  require  beforehand. 

Put  in  requisition.     To  make  an  authoritative  demand  for. 

Render  necessary.     To  make  necessary. 

Require.     To  authoritatively  make  a  necessary  condition. 

Stand  in  need  of.     To  be  in  need  of. 

Need — A  djectives. 
Absorbing.     Fully  occupying;  requiring  one's  whole  time  or  atten- 


Called  for.     Needed;  required. 

Crying.     Calling  for. 

Destitute.     Entirely  bereft  or  lacking. 

Essential.     Of  the  very  basis  or  essence,  and  without  which  a  thing 

cannot  exist. 
Exigent.     Demanding  immediate  aid  or  action. 
Imperative.     Absolutely  required  or  necessary. 
In  demand.     Necessary. 
Indispensable.     Not  capable  of  being  omitted;    not  so  strong  as 

essential. 
In  request.     Sought  after. 
Instant.     Pressing;  urgent. 
In  want  of.     Needing  or  desiring 

Necessary.     Of  such  a  nature  that  it  cannot  be  given  up. 
Needful.     Necessary  to  the  purpose. 
Prerequisite.     Necessary  beforehand. 
Pressing.     Urgent. 

Required.     Made  a  necessary  condition. 
Requisite.     Necessary  from  the  nature  of  things. 
Urgent.     Of  pressing  need. 

Need — A  dverbs. 
Ex  necessitate  rei  [L.J.     From  the  necessity  of  the  case. 
Of  necessity.     Impossible  to  be  otherwise. 

Need — Phrases. 
It  cannot  be  dispensed  with. 
It  cannot  be  spared. 
Mendacem  memorem  esse  oportet  [L.].      A  liar  needs  to  have  a  good 

memory.     [Quintilian,  4,  2,  01.] 
Necessitas  non  habei  legem  [L.].     Necessity  has  no  law. 
Nee  tecum  possum  vivere.  nee  sine  te  [L.J.     Neither  with  thee  can  I 

live,  nor  without  thee.     [Martial,  XII,  xlvii,  a.| 
There's  no  time  to  lose. 

need'-ful.  Necessary;  requisite.  Money,  Need, 
Volition-Obligation;  do  the  needful,  Settlement- 
Default. 

need'-ful-ness.     The  state  of  being  needful.     Need. 

need'-i-ness.  The  state  of  being  needy.  Affluence' 
Penury. 

nee'-dle.  Perforator;  compass.  Management,  Per- 
forator-Stopper, Sharpness-Bluntness;  as  the 
needle  to  the  pole,  Observance-Nonobservance, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty. 

nee'-dle-gun".     Small  gun.     Weapon. 

nee'-dle-point"-ed.  Sharp  at  the  point.  Sharpness- 
Bluntness. 

nee'-dle-shaped".  Shaped  like  a  needle.  Sharpness- 
Bluntness. 

need'-less.     Useless.     Excess-Lack. 

nee'-dle-wit'-ted.     Keen.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

nee'-dle-wom"-an.     A  seamstress.     Agent. 

need'-y.     Being  in  need.     Affluence-Penury. 

ne'-er'-a-one".     Not  a  one.     Substance-Nullity. 

ne'-er'-do-well".  Good  for  nothing.  Good  Man-Bad 
Man. 

ne-fa'-ri-ous.     Heinous.     Virtue-Vice. 

ne-ga'-tion.     Denial  in  general.     Assertion-Denial. 

neg'-a-tive.  Inexisting;  denial;  minus  quantity ;  pro- 
totype; confutation.  Assertion-Denial,  En- 
graving, Entity-Nonentity,  Number,  Proffer- 
Refusal,  Proof-Disproof,  Sameness-Contrast; 
prove  a  negative,  Evidence-Counterevidence. 

neg'-a-tive-ly.  In  a  negative  manner.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Entity-Nonentity. 

neg'-a-tive-ness.  The  state  of  being  negative.  En- 
tity-Nonentity. 

neg'-a-to-ry.  Signifying  negation.  Assertion-De- 
nial. 

neg-lect'.  Carelessness;      disregard;      negligence. 

Action-Passiveness,  Carefulness-Carelessness, 
completion-noncompletion,  duty-dereliction, 
Entirety -Deficiency,  Hurry -Leisure,  Inclu- 
sion-Omission, Observance-Nonobservance,  Re- 
gard-Disrespect, Use-Disuse;  neglect  of  time, 
Chronology-Anachronism. 


NEGLECTED. 


704 


NEVER. 


iieg-lect'-ed.  Disregarded.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness. 

neg-lect'-ful.  Careless.  Carefulness-Carelessness, 
Overvaluation-Undervaluation. 

neg"-li-gee\     Careless  attire.     Dress-Undress. 

neg'-li-gence.  Disregard  for  appearances.  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness. 

neg'-li-gent.  Act  of  omitting  what  ought  to  be  done. 
Carefulness-Carelessness. 

neg'-li-gent-ly.  Carelessly.  Carefulness -Careless- 
ness. 

ne-go'-ti-ate.  Mediate;  bargain;  transfer;  traffic. 
Alienation,  Contract,  Exchange,  Mediation. 

ne-go"-ti-a'-tion.  Act  of  transacting  business.  Con- 
tract, Exchange,  Mediation. 

ne-go'-ti-a"-tor.  Mediator;  agent.  Consignee, 
Contract,  Mediation. 

ne'-gro.  Black  man;  slave.  Chief-Underling, 
Ethnology,  Whiteness-Blackness. 

ne'-gus.     A  drink.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

neif.  The  fist  or  hand.  Keeping-Relinquish- 
mbnt. 

neigh.     Whinny;  boast.     Bragging,  Cry-Ululation. 

neigh'-bor.  One  who  is  near;  a  friend.  Friend-Foe, 
Remoteness-Nearness. 

neigh'-bor-hood.     Vicinity.      Remoteness-Nearness. 

neigh'-bor-ing.     Adjoining.      Remoteness-Nearness. 

neigh'-bor-ly.  Friendly;  sociable;  courteous;  help- 
ful. Amity-Hostility,  Obstruction-Help,  Po- 
liteness-Impoliteness, Sociability-Privacy. 

nei'-ther.  Not  either.  Choice-Rejection;  neither 
here  nor  there,  Connection-Independence,  Pres- 
ence-Absence; neither  more  nor  less,  Equality- 
Inequality,  Truth-Error;  neither  one  thing  nor 
another,  Conventionality-Unconventionality. 

nem.  con.  [L.]  (nem.  con.)  Unanimously.  Assent- 
Dissent. 

Wem'-e-sis.  Goddess  of  chastisement  and  vengeance; 
retributive  justice.  Exculpation-Punition,  Par- 
don-Vindictiveness,  Right- Wrong. 

nemine  contradicente  [L.]  (nem'-i-ni  con-tra-di-sen'-ti) . 
Unanimously.     Assent-Dissent. 

nemo  me  impune  lacessit  [L.]  (ni'-mo  mi  im-piu'-ni  la- 
ses'-sit).  No  one  attacks  me  with  impunity.  De- 
fiance. 

ne'-ni-a.     An  elegy.     Jubilation-Lamentation. 

ne-og'-a-mist.  A  newly  married  person.  Matrimony- 
Celibacy. 

ne"-o~log'-ic.  Pertainingto  the  coinage  orusage  of  new 
words  or  new  meanings  of  words.     Word-Neology. 

ne"-o-log'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  neology.  Word-Ne- 
ology. 

ne-ol'-o-gism.  A  new  word  or  phrase.  Word-Ne- 
ology. 

ne-ol'-o-gist.  A  coiner  of  new  words  or  meanings  of 
words.     Word-Neology. 

ne-ol'-o-gy.  Coining  or  using  of  new  words.  Word- 
Neology. 

ne'-o-phyte.     A  novice.    Instructor-Pupil. 

Ne"-c-pla'-to-nism.  An  old  system  of  philosophy.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

ae"-o-ter'-ic.     New;  modern.     Novelty-Antiquity. 

ne-pen'-the.  A  drug  said  to  banish  pain  and  sorrow. 
Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Remedy-Bane. 

neph'-a-lism.  The  practise  of  total  abstinence  from  in- 
toxicating liquors.  Austerity,  Moderation-Self- 
indulgence. 

neph"-el-og'-no-sy.  The  science  of  clouds.  Viscidity- 
Foam. 

neph'-ew.     Son  of  a  sister  or  brother.     Relationship. 

nep'-c-tism.  Favoritism  extended  towards  relatives. 
Relationship,  Right-Wrong,  Tyranny-Anarchy, 
Unselfishness  -  Selfishness,  Uprightness  -  Dis- 
honesty. 


nep'-o-tist.  One  who  practises  nepotism.  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness. 

Nep'-tune.  Mythological  god  of  the  sea;  a  planet. 
Astronomy,  Ocean-Land. 

Ne'-re-id.  One  of  the  sea-nymphs.  Jove-Fiend, 
Ocean-Land. 

nerve.  Strength;  intrepidity;  part  of  the  nervous  sys- 
tem. Anatomy,  Bravery-Cowardice,  Strength- 
Weakness. 

nerve'-less.     Having  no  strength.     Might-Impotence. 

nervos  belli  pecuniam  infinitam  [L.]  (ner'-vos  bel'-lai 
pi-kiu'-ni-am  in-fi-nai'-tam) .  The  sinews  of  war  are 
unlimited  money.     Weapon,  Money. 

nerv'-ous.  Weak;  timid;  modest;  style.  Conceit- 
Diffidence,  Force- Weakness,  Sanguineness- 
Timidity,  Strength-Weakness. 

nerv'-ous-ness.  The  state  of  being  nervous.  San> 
guineness-Timidity. 

nes'-cience.     Ignorance.     Knowledge-Ignorance. 

nest.  Series;  retreat;  cradle.  Cause-Effect,  Dwel- 
ler-Habitation, Multiplicity-Paucity;  nest  of 
boxes,  Lamina-Fiber. 

nest'-egg".  An  egg  to  attract  a  fowl  when  about  to  lay 
an  egg.     Store. 

nes'-tle.  Fondle;  snuggle.  Blandishment,  Pres- 
ence-Absence, Security-Insecurity. 

nes'-tling.     Recently  hatched.     Infant-Veteran. 

Nes'-tor.  One  of  the  Greek  chiefs  before  Troy;  an  ad- 
viser.    Advice,  Infant- Veteran,  Sage-Fool. 

Nes-to'-ri-an.  One  of  a  sect  of  Christians,  part  of  which 
still  exists  in  Persia  and  Turkey.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

net.  Snare;  cover;  gain;  openly-woven  fabric.  Con- 
tents-Receiver, Craft-Artlessness,  Crossing, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Gain-Loss,  Increment-Rem- 
nant, Enclosure,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  net  profit, 
Gain-Loss,  Outlay-Income. 

neth'-er.     Lower.     Height-Lowness. 

neth'-er-most".  Lowest.  Height-Lowness,  Top- 
Bottom. 

net'-ting.     Fabric  of  open-work.     Crossing. 

net'-tle.  An  herb  with  stinging  hairs;  provoke.  Fa- 
vorite -  Anger,  Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness, 
Remedy-Bane. 

net'-work.  A  system  of  cross-lines.  Crossing,  Regu- 
larity-Irregularity. 

neur-al'-gi-a.  Acute  pain  in  the  nerves.  Health- 
Sickness,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

neu-rol'-o-gy.  Science  of  the  nervous  system.  Tex- 
ture. 

neu'-rot-ic.  Disease  seated  in  the  nerves.  Remedy- 
Bane. 

neu'-ter.  Taking  neither  side ;  sexless.  Choice-Neu- 
trality, Materiality-Spirituality;  neuter  gender, 
Noun;  neuter  verb,  Verb;  remain  neuter,  Deter- 
mination-Vacillation; stand  neuter,    Unconcern. 

neu'-tral.  Mean;  no  choice;  avoidance.  Choice-Neu- 
trality, Medium,  Quest-Evasion;  neutral  tint, 
Color-Achromatism,  Gray-Brown. 

neu-tral'-i-ty.     Mid-course;    peace;    insensibility;    in 
difference.         Choice-Neutrality,    Medium,    Mid- 
course-Circuit,    Quest-Evasion,    Sensitiveness- 
Apathy,  Strife-Peace,  Unconcern. 

neu"-tral-i-za'-tion.  The  state  of  being  neutralized. 
Compensation,  Cooperation-Opposition. 

neu'-tral-ize.  Counteract;  compensate.  Compensa- 
tion, Cooperation-Opposition. 

ne"-vee'.     Upper  part  of  a  glacier.     Heat-Cold. 

nev'-er.  Not  at  any  time.  Duration-Neverness;  it 
will  never  do,  Approval-Disapproval,  Contented- 
ness-Discontentment,  Leave-Prohibition  Pro- 
priety-Impropriety; never  a  one,  Substance-Nul- 
lity; never-dying,  ETERNiTY-lNSTANTANEmr:  n*v«r- 
ending,   Eternity-  Instantaneity;      never-'udlng. 


NEVER. 


705 


NIGHT. 


Eternity-Instantaneity,  Reputation-Discredit; 
never  forget,  Thankfulness-Thanklessness;  never 
hear  the  last  of,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Re- 
currence; never  indebted,  Settlement-Default; 
never  mind,  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Regard -Scorn,  Sensi- 
tiveness-Apathy, Unconcern;  never-more,  Dura- 
tion-Neverness;  never  otherwise,  Uniformity-Di- 
versity; never  say  die,  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion,  Persistence-Whim,  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness;  never  so,  Magnitude-Smallness;  never 
tell  me,  Assent-Dissent;  never  thdught  of,  Pur- 
pose-Luck; never  tired,  Activity-Indolence;  never- 
tiring,  Persistence- Whim;  never  to  be  forgotten, 
Consequence-Insignificance;  never  to  return,  Fu- 
ture-Past. 

nev'-er-ness.  Having  the  quality  of  being  beyond  time 
or  occurrence.      Duration-Neverness. 

nev"-er-the-less'.     None  the  less.     Compensation. 

new.  Novel;  different;  unfamiliar.  Habit-Desue- 
tude, Likeness-Unlikeness,  Novelty-Antiquity; 
give  new  life  to,  Excitation,  Obstruction-Help; 
new  birth,  Renovation-Relapse;  new  blood,  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration, Excitation,  Mutation- 
Permanence;  new  brooms,  Activity-Indolence, 
Habit-Desuetude  ;  new-comer,  Constituent-Alien, 
Dweller-Habitation;  new  conditions,  Modifica- 
tion; new  departure,  Beginning-End;  new  edition, 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Recurrence,  Re- 
newal; newideas,  Education-Misteaching;  put  on 
the  new  man,  Repentance-Obduracy;  turn  over  a 
new  leaf,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Mutation- 
Permanence,  Repentance-Obduracy;  view  in  a 
new  light,  Betterment-Deterioration. 

ne-waub'.  A  deputy  ruler  in  India.  Chief-Under- 
ling. 

new'-born".  Lately  born;  infant.  Infant-Veteran, 
Novelty- Antiquity. 

New'-cas"-tle,  car'-ry  coals  to.  Throw  away  one's  labor. 
Excess-Lack. 

new"-fan'-gled.  Novel;  change;  neology.  Conven- 
tionale y-Unconventionality,  Mutation-Perma- 
nence, Novelty-Antiquity,  Society-Ludicrous- 
ness,  Taste-Vulgarity,  Word-Neology. 

new"-fash'-ioned.  Lately  come  into  fashion.  Nov- 
elty-Antiquity. 

new"-fledged' .  Lately  feathered.  Infant-Veteran, 
Novelty-Antiquity. 

New'-found-land  dog.  One  of  a  breed  of  large  dogs. 
Fauna-Flora. 

New'-gate.     Imprison.    Release-Prison. 

new'-gilt.  Recently  ornamented.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement. 

new'-ly.     Recently.    Novelty-Antiquity. 

new"-mod'-el.  Revolutionize;  improve;  make  anew. 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Conversion-Rever- 
sion, Revolution. 

new'-ness.     Novelty.     Novelty-Antiquity. 

news.  Anything  new.  Enlightenment- Secrecy, 
Tidings-Mystery. 

news'-boy".  A  boy  who  sells  or  delivers  papers.  Mes- 
senger. 

news'-mon"-ger.  A  gossip;  one  curious  to  know. 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Inquisitiveness-Indif- 
ference.  Tidings-Mystery. 

new'-span"-gled.     Newly  adorned.     Stream. 

news'-pa"-per.  A  periodical.  Mark-Obliteration, 
Publicity;  newspaper  correspondent,  Consignee. 

New'-year's  day.  The  first  day  of  the  year.  De- 
termination -  Vacillation,  Periodicity  -  Irregu- 
larity. 

next.       Following;    near:    future;    later.        Antece- 
dence-Sequence, Future-Past,  Precedence-Suc- 
cession,     Remoteness-Nearness;      next     friend, 
45 


Representative;  next  of  kin,  Relationship;  next 
to  nothing,  Magnitude-Smallness;  next  world, 
Occurrence-Destiny. 

Ni-ag'-a-ra.     An  American  cataract.     River-Wind. 

niaiserie  [F.]  (ni-ez-ri').  Foolery;  nonsense.  Mean- 
ing-Jargon. 

ni'-as.     A  simpleton.     Sage-Fool. 

nib.  Cut;  point  or  extremity  of  anything.  Begin- 
ning-End, Sharpness-Bluntness,  Top-Bottom, 
Union-Disunion. 

nib'-ble.  Eat  little  bits  of.  Nutriment-Excretion; 
nibble  at,  Approval-Disapproval;  nibble  at  the 
bait,  Indentation,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

nice.  Savory;  fastidious;  discerning;  honorable, 
Desire-Particularness,  Differentiation-Indis- 
crimination, Goodness-Badness,  Palatableness- 
Unpalatableness,  Pleasurableness  -  Painful- 
ness,  Truth-Error,  Uprightness-Dishonesty; 
nice  distinction,  Variation;  nice  ear,  Hearing- 
Deafness;  nice  hand,  Adept-Bungler;  nice  per- 
ception, Differentiation-Indiscrimination;  nice 
point,  Difficulty-Facility. 

nice'-ly.  Completely.  Entirety-Deficiency,  Taste- 
Vulgarity. 

Ni'-cene"  Creed.  The  Trinitarian  creed  adopted  at 
Nice,  A.  D.  32;.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

ni'-ce-ty.  A  minute  distinction.  Differentiation- 
Indiscrimination,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

niche.  Recess;  receptacle;  angle.  Angularity, 
Architecture,  Contents-Receiver,  Extension- 
Place;  niche  in  the  temple  of  fame,  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

nicher,  se  [F.]  (ni-she',  se).  To  make  one's  nest. 
Establishment- Removal. 

nichtwahr?  [G.]  (nint  var).  Not  true?  Isitr.otso? 
Investigation- Answer. 

nick.  Notch;  deceive;  mark.  Indentation,  Sign, 
Truthfulness-Fraud;  nick  it,  Success-Failure; 
nick  of  time,  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

Nick,  Old.     The  devil.     Angel-Satan. 

nick'-el.     An  element;  a  coin.     Chemistry,  Values. 

nick'-nack".  A  small  article.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance. 

nick'-name".     A  by-name.     Name-Misnomer. 

nic'-o-tine.  Pungent;  poison.  Pungency,  Remedy- 
Bane. 

nic'-ti-tate.     Wink.     Sight-Dimsightedness. 

nic"-ti-ta'-tion.  The  act  of  winking.  Sight-Dim- 
sightedness. 

nidg'-et.     A  simpleton.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

nid"-i-fi-ca'-tion.  Act  of  building  a  nest.  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

ni'-dor.  Odor,  as  of  cooked  food.  Odor-Inodorous- 
ness. 

ni'-dor-ous.  Emitting  an  odor,  as  of  cooked  meat. 
Perfume-Stench. 

ni'-dus.  A  center  of  infection;  nest.  Cause-Effect, 
Dweller-Habitation. 

niece.  Daughter  of  a  brother  or  sister.  Relation- 
ship. 

niente,  ianio  buon  che  val  [It.]  (ni-en'-t£,  tan'-to 
bu'-on  ke  val).  So  good  as  to  be  worth  nothing. 
Consequence  -  Insignificance,  Usefulness  -  Use- 
lessness. 

nig'-gard.     A  miser.     Extravagance-Avarice. 

nig'-gard-ly.  Meanly  avaricious.  Consequence-In- 
significance, Extravagance-Avarice. 

nig'-ger.     A  negro.     Whiteness-Blackness. 

nig'-gle.     Befool.     Regard-Disrespect. 

nig'-gling.     Trifling.     Consequence-Insignificance. 

nigh.     Near.     Remoteness-Nearness. 

night.  Period  during  which  the  sun  is  below  the 
horizon.  Light-Darkness:  labor  day  and  night, 
Toil-Relaxation;     night    and    day,    Frequency- 


NIGHT. 


706 


NO. 


Rarity;  orb  of  night,  Universe;  time  of  night, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

night'-cap".  Cap  for  wearing  during  sleep.  Dress- 
LTndress. 

night'-fall".     Evening.     Morning-Evening. 

night'-in-gale.     A  small  bird.     Musician. 

night'-gown".  A  loose  gown  worn  in  bed.  Dress- 
Undress. 

night'- mare".  An  oppressive  condition  in  sleep;  any 
oppressive  influence.  Fancy,  Obstruction-Help, 
Pleasure-Pain,  Sanguineness-Timidity,  Sensual- 
ity-Suffering. 

night'-shade".  A  plant  of  the  genus  Solanum.  Rem- 
edy-Bane. 

night' -shirt".  A  nightgown  for  men.  Dress-Un- 
dress. 

nig-res'-cent.  Growing  black.  Whiteness-Black- 
ness. 

nig"-ri-fi-ca'-tion.  Process  of  making  black.  White- 
ness-Blackness. 

nihil  ad  rem  [L.]  (nai'-hil  ad  rem).  Nothing  to  the 
point.     Connection-Independence. 

nihil  teiigit  quod  non  ornavit  [L.]  (nai'-hil  tet'-i-jit 
quod  non  or-ne'-vit).  He  touched  nothing  without 
embellishing  it.     Taste-Vulgarity. 

ni'-hil-ism.  The  doctrine  that  nothing  either  exists 
or  can  be  known;  anarchy.  Godliness  -  Disbe- 
lief, Tyranny-Anarchy,  Rule-License,  Virtue- 
Vice. 

ni'-hil-ist.  Advocate  of  nihilism.  Godliness-Dis- 
belief, Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Tyranny-Anarchy, 
Uprightness-Rogue. 

ni-hil'-i-ty.  Nothingness.  Entity-Nonentity,  Sub- 
stance-Nullity. 

nihilo,  ex  .  .  .  nihil  fit  [L.]  (ex  nai'-hil-o  nai'-hil  fit). 
Out  of  nothing,  nothing  is  made.  Creation-De- 
struction. 

nil  [L.]  (nil).  Nothing.  Entity-Nonentity,  Sub- 
stance-Nullity. 

nil  admirari  [L.]  (nil  ad-mi-re'-rai).  To  wonder  at 
nothing.  Approval-Disapproval,  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

nil  consctre  sibi  nulla  pallescere  culpa  [L.]  (nil  con- 
sai'-ri  sib'-i  nul'-la  pal-les'-ser-i  cul -pa) .  To  be  con- 
scious of  and  to  grow  pale  at  no  fault.  Innocence- 
Guilt. 

nil  desperandum  [L.]  (nil  des-per-an'-dum).  Never 
despair.     Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

nill.  Will  not.  Proffer-Refusal,  Readiness-Re- 
luctance. 

ni-lom'-e-ter.     A  river-gage.     Mensuration. 

nim.     Steal.     Theft. 

nim'-ble.  Agile.  Activity-Indolence,  Swiftness- 
Slowness. 

nim'-ble-foot"-ed.     Speedy.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

nim'-ble-ness.     Agility.     Activity-Indolence. 

nim'-ble- wit"- ted.        Quick-witte^         «»c.acity-Inca- 

PACITY,  WlTTINESS-DULNESS. 

nim'-bus.  A  dark  heavy  rain-bearing  cloud :  a  halo  of 
light  and  glory.  Light-Darkness,  Reputation- 
Discredit,  Viscidity-Foam. 

ni-mi'-e-ty.     Excess.     Excess-Lack. 

nimis,  ne  quid  [L.]  (nai'-mis,  nt  quid).  Not  anything 
too  much.     Generosity-Frugality. 

nimium  ne  crede  colon  [L.]  (nim'-i-um  nt  cri'-di 
co-lo'-rai-) .  Trust  not  too  much  to  looks.  Faith- 
Misgiving. 

n'importe  [F.]  (nan'-port').  It  matters  not.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance. 

Nim'-rod.  A  mighty  hunter.  Life-Killing,  Quest- 
Evasion. 

nin'-com-poop.     Simpleton.    Sage-Fool. 

nine.  Eight  and  one.  Five  Quinquesection:  nine 
days'  wonder,  Astonishment-Expectance,  Conse- 


quence-Insignificance, Lastingness-Transient- 
ness;  nine  lives,  Life-Death;  nine  men's  morris, 
Entertainment- Weariness;  nine  points  of  the 
law,  HoLDiNG-ExEMrTioN;  tuneful  nine,  Musician, 
Poetry-Prose. 
nine'-fold".     Nine    times    as    many.     Five-Quinque- 

SECTION. 

nine'-pins.     A  game.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

nine'-teenth".  Ninth  in  order  after  the  tenth.  Nine- 
teenth century,  Time. 

nine'-ty.     Nine  times  ten.     Five-Quinquesection. 

nin'-ny.     A  foolish  person.     Sage-Fool. 

nin'-ny-ham"-mer.     A  simpleton.     Sage-Fool. 

ninth.  Next  succeeding  the  eighth  Five-Quinque- 
section. 

Ni'-o-be.  Daughter  of  Tantalus;  wife  of  Amphion  cf 
Thebes.  Jubilation-Lamentation;  like  Niobe  all 
tears,  Jubilation-Lamentation. 

nip.  Cut;  bite.  Creation-Destruction,  Heating- 
Cooling,  Length-Shortness,  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion, Pungency,  Union-Disunion;  nip  in  the  bud, 
Life-Killing,  Obstruction-Help;  nip  up,  Taking- 
Restitution. 

nip'-per-kin.     A  small  cup.    Contents-Receiver. 

nip'-pers.  Tools  for  nipping.  Keeping-Relinquish- 
ment. 

nip'-ping.     Biting  cold.     Heat-Cold. 

nip'-ple.  The  cone-shaped  process  of  the  breast.  Con- 
vexity-Concavity. 

Nir-va'-na.     Annihilation.     Heaven-Hell. 

nis.     A  water-sprite.     Jove-Fiend. 

nisi  prius  [L.]  (nai'-sai  prai'-us).  Not  before:  a  term 
applied  to  terms  of  court.  Excess-Lack,  Litiga- 
tion. 

Ni'-sus  and  Eu-ry'-a-lus.  Two  bosom  friends.  [Virgil, 
Mneid.]     Friend-Foe. 

nisus  jonnativus  [L.]  (nai'-sus  for-me-tai'-vus) .  Creative 
energy.     Creation-Destruction. 

ni'-ten-cy.     Brightness.      Light-Darkness. 

ni'-ter.     Saltpeter.     Pungency. 

nit'-id.     Bright.     Light-Darkness. 

niior  in  adversum  [L.]  (nai'-tor  in  ad-ver'-sum) .  I 
strive  against  opposition.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence. 

ni'-tric.     Pertaining  to  niter.     Nitric  acid,  Chemistry. 

ni'-trous.  Containing  niter.  Nitrous  oxid,  Feeling- 
Insensibility. 

niv'-e-ous.  Snowy.  Heat-Cold,  Whiteness-Black- 
ness. 

nix'-e.     A  water-sprite.     Jove-Fiend. 

nix'-ie.     A  mischievous  water-spirit.     Jove-Fiend. 

ni-zam'.  Native  sovereign  of  Hyderabad.  Chief-Un- 
derling. 

niz'-ey,     A  simpleton.     Sage-Fool. 

no.  Not  so.  Assent-Dissent,  Assertion-Denial, 
Choice-Rejection,  Proffer-Refusal.  Readiness- 
Reluctance:  and  no  mistake,  Certainty-Doubt; 
at  no  great  distance,  Remoteness-Nearness;  at  no 
hand,  Magnitude-Smallness  ;  at  no  time,  Duration- 
Neverness;  give  no  quarter,  Life-Killing;  have  no 
business  there,  Conventionality-Unconvention- 
ality;  have  no  end,  Eternity-Instantaneity:  have 
no  notion  of,  Assent-Dissent;  in  no  degree,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness; make  no  scruple  of,  Readiness- 
Reluctance;  no  chance,  Likelihood-Unlikeli- 
hood; no  chicken,  Infancy-Age.  Manhood;  no 
choice,  Choice-Neutrality,  Volition-Obligation; 
no  conjurer,  Adept-Bungler,  Sage-Fool;  no  con- 
sequence, Consequence-Insignificance;  no  doubt, 
Assent-Dissent,  Certainty-Doubt;  no  end  of, 
Length-Shortness,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Mul- 
tiplicity-Paucity: no  go,  Success-Failure,  Trans- 
cursion-Shortcoming;  no  great  shakes,  Conse- 
quence -  Insignificance,    Faultlessness  -  Faulti- 


NO. 


707 


NON. 


ness,  Magnitude-Smallness;  no  less,  Enough  ;  no 
longer,  Future-Past;  no  love  lost  between  them, 
Love-Hate;  no  matter,  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness, Con.-: vquence-Insignificance;  no  more,  En- 
tity-Nonentity, Future-Past,  Life-Death;  no 
more  than,  Magnitude-Smallness;  no  object,  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance; no  one,  Substance- 
Nullity;  no  one  knows  who,  Gentility-Common- 
alty; no  other,  Sameness-Contrast,  Solitude-Com- 
pany; no  scholar,  Scholar-Dunce;  no  sooner  said 
than  done,  Activity-Indolence,  Earliness-Late- 
ness,  Eternity-Instantaneity,  Hurry-Leisure; 
no  stranger  to,  Knowledge-Ignorance;  no  such 
thing,  Assertion-Denial,  Entity-Nonentity,  Like- 
ness-Unlikeness,  Sameness-Contrast,  Substance- 
Nullity;  no  surrender  Attack-Defense,  Bigotry- 
Apostasy;  no  thank  you,  Proffer-Refusal;  no 
wonder,  Astonishment-Expectance;  on  no  ac- 
count, Leave-Prohibition,  Proffer-Refusal;  to 
no  purpose,  Success-Failure,  Transcursion-Short- 
coming,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  unable  to  say 
no,  Determination-Vacillation;  with  no  interval, 
Interspace-Contact. 

No'-ah's  ark.  The  ark  in  which  Noah  and  his  family 
were  saved  at  the  time  of  the  flood.  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Mixture-Homogeneity. 

nob.     The  head.     Top-Bottom. 

no-bil'-i-tate.  Make  noble.  Increase-Decrease,  Rep- 
utation-Discredit. 

no-bil'-i-ty.  Those  ranking  by  title  above  the  common 
people.      Gentility-Commonalty. 

no'-ble.  Excellent;  worthy.  Consequence  -  Insig- 
nificance, Gentility-Commonalty,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Reputation-Discredit,  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness, Virtue-Vice. 

no'-ble-man.  One  of  the  nobility.  Gentility-Com- 
monalty. 

n3'-ble-mind"-ed.  Magnanimous.  Unselfishness- 
Selfishness. 

no'-ble-ness.     Elevation  of  mind.     Virtue-Vice. 

no-blesse'.  The  body  of  the  nobility.  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

no'-bod"-y.  No  one.  Gentility-Commonalty,  Plu- 
rality-Zero, Presence-Absence,  Substance-Nul- 
lity; nobody  knows,  Knowledge-Ignorance;  no- 
body knows  where,  Remoteness-Nearness;  nobody 
on  earth,  Presence-Absence;  nobody  present,  Pres- 
ence-Absence; nobody  would  think,  Expectation- 
Surprise. 

noct-atn"-bu-la'-tion.  Walking  in  one's  sleep.  Trav- 
eling-Navigation. 

no>tiv'-a-gant.  Wandering  about  in  the  night.  Light- 
Darkness,  Traveling-Navigation. 

noc"-ti-va-ga'-tion.     The  act  of  wandering  around  in 
the  night.      Light-Darkness. 

noc'-to-graph.  A  writing-frame  used  by  the  blind. 
Sight-Blindness. 

noc-tur'-nal.  Occurring  or  performed  at  night.  Light- 
Darkness,  Morning-Evening,  Whiteness-Black- 
ness. 

noc'-u-ous.  Venomous;  causing  harm.  Goodness- 
Badness. 

nod.  Motion  of  the  head  indicative  of  assent,  sleepi- 
ness, command,  etc.  Activity-Indolence,  Assent- 
Dissent,  Order,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Sign, 
Vibration;  nod  of  approbation,  Approval-Disap- 
proval; nod  of  assent,  Assent-Dissent. 

nod'-ding.  Inclining  the  head  forward.  Activity-In- 
dolence. 

nod'-ding  to  its  fall.  About  to  tumble  down.  Ascent- 
Descent,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Creation- 
Destruction. 

nod'-dle.     The  head.     Mind-Imbecility,  Top-Bottom. 

nod'-dy.     A  dunce.     Sage-Fool. 


node.     Swelling.     Convexiy-Concavity. 
no-dos'-i-ty.       Knottiness.       Convexity -Concavity, 

Smoothness-Roughness. 
nods  and  becks  and  wreath"-ed  smiles.     Expression  of 

approval.     Politeness-Impoliteness. 

nod'-u-lar.     Having  nodules.     Convexity-Concavity. 

nod'-ule.  A  little  knot  or  lump.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity. 

nodus,  digitus  vindice  [L.]  (no'-dus,  dig'-nus  vin'-di-si). 
A  knot  worthy  to  be  untied.  Difficulty-Facility, 
Phenomenon. 

noemata  [Gr.]  (no-e'-ma-ta) .  Thoughts.  Conception- 
Theme. 

nog'-gin.     A  mug.     Contents-Receiver. 

noise.  Loud,  disagreeable  sound.  Loudness-Faint- 
ness,  Sound-Silence;  loud  noise,  Loudness-Faint- 
ness;  make  a  noise  in  the  world,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit; noise  abroad,  Publicity. 

noise'-less.     Silent.     Sound-Silence. 

noi'-some.  Very  offensive;  disgusting.  Goodness- 
Badness,  Healthiness-Unhealthiness,  Perfume- 
Stench. 

nois'-y.     Making  a  loud  noise.     Loudness-Faintness. 

nolens  volens  [L/]  (no'-lens  vo'-lens) .  Whether  he  will 
or  not.  Coercion,  Readiness-Reluctance,  Voli- 
tion-Obligation. 

noli  me  tangere  [L.]  (no'-lai  mi  tan'-jer-i).  Do  not 
touch  me.  Defiance,  Desire-Particularness,  Ex- 
citability-In excitability,  Sociability-Privacy. 

no-li'-tion.     Unwillingness.     Readiness-Reluctance. 

nol-le'-i-ty.    Unwillingness.    Readiness-Reluctance. 

nolumus  leges  Anglias  mutari  [L.]  (nol'-yu-mus  li'- 
jiz  an'-gli-i  miu-te'-rai) .  We  do  not  wish  the  laws  of 
England  to  be  changed.  Conservation,  Discon- 
tinuance-Continuance, Mutation-Permanence. 

nom  de  guerre  [F.]  (non-  de  ger).  War  name.  Name- 
Misnomer. 

nam  de  plume  [F.]  (non'  de  plum).  An  assumed  or  lit- 
erary title.     Name-Misnomer. 

no'-mad.     Rover.     Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

no-mad'-ic.  Wandering.  Movement-Rest,  Travel- 
ing-Navigation. 

nom'-ad-ism.  Nomadic  tendency.  Traveling-Navi- 
gation. 

nom'-ad-ize.  To  lead  the  life  of  a  nomad.  Travel- 
ing-Navigation. 

no'-man-cy.  Divination  by  means  of  the  letters  in 
one's  name.     Prophecy. 

no'-men-cla"-ture.     Glossary.     Name-Misnomer. 

nom'-i-nal.  Existing  in  name  only.  Name-Misnomer, 
Substance- Nullity,  Word-Neology;  nominal 
price,  Costliness-Cheapness. 

nom'-i-nate.  To  designate,  as  a  candidate  for  an  office. 
Commissions-Abrogation. 

nom"-i-na'-tion.  Act  of  naming  a  man  for  office. 
Commission-Abrogation,  Name-Misnomer. 

nom'-i-na-tive .  The  case  of  the  subject  of  a  finite  verb. 
Noun. 

nom"-i-nee'.     Receiver  of  a  nomination.     Consignee. 

nominis  umbra  [L.]  (nom'-i-nis  um'-bra).  Shadow  of 
a  name.     Substance-Nullity. 

no-mol'-o-gy.  Science  of  law  and  lawmaking.  Law- 
Lawlessness. 

non  compos  mentis  [L.]  (non  com'-posmen'-tis).  Not 
sound  in  mind.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

non  constat  [L.]  (non  con'-stat).  It  does  not  appear. 
Ratiocination-Instinct. 

non  deficit  alter  [L.]  (non  def'-i-sit  al'-ter).  Nothing 
is  wanting.     Plurality-Fraction. 

non  est  inventus  [L.]  (non  est  in-ven'-tus) .  He  has 
not  been  found.     Presence-Absence. 

non  haec  in  focdera  [L.]  (non  hec  in  fed'-er-a).  Not 
into  these  alliances.  Assertion-Denial,  Choice- 
Rejection. 


NON. 


708 


NONSUIT. 


non  nobis,  Domine  [L.]  (non  no'-bis,  dom'-in-i).  Not 
to  us,  Lord.     Devotion-Idolatry. 

non  nobis  solum  [L.]  (non  no'-bis  so'-lum).  Not  for 
ourselves  alone.     Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

non  nostrum  tantas  componere  liles  [L.]  (non  nos'- 
trum  tan'-tas  com-pon'-er-i  loi'-tiz).  It  is  not  our 
duty  to  settle  such  grave  disputes.  Possibility- 
Impossibility,  Variance-Accord. 

non  obstante  [L.]  (non  ob-stan'-ti) .  Notwithstand- 
ing.    Obstruction-Help. 

non  possumus  [L.]  (non  pos'-su-mus) .  We  are  not 
able.  Bigotry-Apostasy,    Possibility-Impossi- 

bility, Proffer-Refusal. 

non  scripta,  lex  [L.]  (non  scrip'-ta,  lex).  The  un- 
written law.     Law-Lawlessness. 

non  semper  erit  cEstas  [L.]  (non  sem'-per  i'-rit  es'-tas). 
It  will  not  always  be  summer.  Lastingness- 
Transientness. 

non  sequitur  [L.]  (non  seq'-wi-tur) .  It  does  not  fol- 
low.    Ratiocination-Instinct. 

non  sum  qualis  eram  [L.]  (non  sum  que'-lis  i'-ram) .  I 
am  not  what  I  was.  Mutation-Permanence, 
Strength- Weakness. 

non"-ad-di'-tion.  Lack  of  addition.  Addition-Sub- 
traction. 

non"-ad-mis'-sion.  Lack  of  admission.  Inclusion- 
Omission. 

non'-age.  The  period  of  minority.  Infancy- 
Age. 

non"-a-ge-na'-ri-an.  A  person  between  the  ages  of 
ninety  and  a  hundred       Infant-Veteran. 

non"-ap-par'-ent.  Jot  apparent.  Visibility-Invisi- 
bility. 

non"-ap-pear'-ance.  Lack  of  appearance.  Visi- 
bility-Invisibility. 

non"-as-sem'-blage.  L ack  of  assemblage.  Gather- 
ing-Scattering. 

non"-at-tend'-ance.  Lack  of  attendance.  Presence- 
Absence. 

nonce.  Present  time.  Time;  for  the  nonce,  Oppor- 
tuneness-Unsuitableness,  Time. 

non"-cha-lance'.  Indiiference.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Desire- Distaste,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

non"-cha-lant' .     Indifferent.     Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

non"-co-he'-sive.  Lacking  cohesion.  Cohesion- 
Looseness. 

non"-co-in'-ci-dence.  Lack  of  coincidence.  Same- 
ness-Contrast. 

non'-com-mis"-sioned  of'-fi-cer.  An  officer  appointed 
by  a  regimental  commander.     Chief-Underling. 

noa"-com-ple'-tion.  Lack  of  completion.  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness, Completion-Noncompletion, 
Entirety-Deficiency.  * 

non"-com-pli'-ance.  Lack  of  compliance.  Assent- 
Dissent,  Insubordination-Obedience,  Proffer- 
Refusal,  Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

non"-con-form'-ist.  A  dissenter.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

Iion"-r<:on-form'-i-ty.  Refusal  to  conform.  Assent- 
Dissent,  Convention  ality-Unconventionality. 

noa'.'-con-tent'.  A  member  of  the  British  House  of 
Lords  who  votes  in  the  negative.     Assent-Dissent. 

non'-de-script.  A  person  difficult  to  describe;  inde- 
scribable.    Conventionality-Unconventionality. 

none.  Not  one.  Plurality-Zero;  none  else,  Soli- 
tude-Company; none  in  the  world,  Substance- 
Nullity;  none  such,  Conventionality-Unconven- 
tionality,  Goodness-Badness,  Supremacy-Sub- 
ordinacy;  none  the  worse,  Renovation-Relapse; 
none  to  spare,  Excess-Lack. 

non"-«n-dur'-ance.  Lack  of  endurance.  Excitabil- 
ity-Inexcitability. 

non-en'-ti-ty.        Nothingness.        Consequence-Insig- 


nificance, Entity-Nonentity,  Substance-Nul- 
lity. 

non"-es-sen'-tial.  Not  essential.  Consequence-In- 
significance, Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 

non"-ex-ist'-ence.  Absence  of  existence.  Entity- 
Nonentity. 

non"-ex-ist'-ent.     Not  existing.      Entity-Nonentity. 

non"-ex-pect'-ant.  Not  having  an  expectation.  Ex- 
pectation-Surprise. 

non"-ex-pec-ta'-tion.  Lack  of  expectance.  Expecta- 
tion-Surprise. 

non"-ex-ten'-sion.  Lack  of  extension.  Extension- 
Inextension. 

non"-ful-fU'-ment.  Lack  of  fulfilment.  Completion- 
Noncompletion,  Success-Failure;  non-fulfilment 
of  one's  hopes,  Expectation-Disappointment. 

no-nil'-lion.  The  tenth  power  of  a  thousand.  Multi- 
plicity-Paucity. 

non-im"-i-ta'-tion.  Lack  of  imitation.  Imitation- 
Originality. 

non-in"-ter-fer'-ence.  Lack  of  interference.  Action- 
Passiveness,  Liberty-Subjection. 

no'-ni-us.  A  small  movable  auxiliary  scale  Men- 
suration. 

non-ju'-ring.     Not  swearing  assent.     Assent-Dissent. 

non-ju'-ror.  A  clergyman  in  English  orders  who  re- 
fused to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance,  after  the  Revolu- 
tion of  1688,  to  William  and  Mary.  Assent-Dis- 
sent, Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

non"-nat'-u-rals.  Things  not  constituting  the  being 
or  nature  of  man,  but  necessary  to  his  existence. 
He  althiness-Un  healthiness. 

non'-ny.     A  ninny.     Sage-Fool. 

non"-ob-serv'-ance.  Lack  of  observance.  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Duty-Dereliction,  F".ed- 
Disregard,  Insubordination-Obedience,  Observ- 
ance-Nonobservance. 

non"-ob-serv'-ant.     Inattentive.     Habit-Desuetude. 

non"-pa-reil'.  One  who  or  that  which  is  of  unequaled 
excellence.     Goodness-Badness. 

non"-pay'-ment.  Lack  of  payment.  Settlement- 
Default. 

non"-per-form'-ance.  Failure  to  perform.  Com- 
pletion-Noncompletion, Duty-Dereliction  . 

non'-plus.  Perplexity.  Difficulty-Facility,  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 

non-prep"-a-ra'-tion.  Lack  of  preparation.  Prepa- 
ration-Nonpreparation. 

non"-prev'-a-lence.  Lack  of  prevalence.  Habit- 
Desuetude. 

non"-res'-i-dence.  The  state  or  condition  of  not  being 
resident  in  a  given  place.     Presence-Absence. 

non"-res'-i-dent.  Not  residing  in  a  particular  place. 
Presence-Absence. 

non"-re-sist'-ance.  Absence  of  opposition.  Insub- 
ordination-Obedience, Yielding. 

non"-re-sist'-ing.     Making  no  resistance.     Yielding. 

non"-res'-o-nance.  Lack  of  the  quality  of  resonance. 
Resonance-Nonresonance. 

non'-sense.  Absurdity;  trifles.  Adage-Nonsense, 
Consequence  -  Insignificance,  Meaning  -Jargon; 
talk  nonsense  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Talkative- 
ness-Taciturnity. 

non-sen'-sic-al.  Absurd;  trifling.  Adage-Nonsfnse, 
Meaning-Jargon,  Ratiocination-Instinct,  S/gac- 
ity-Inoapacity. 

non"-sub-sist'-ence.  Lack  of  subsistence.  Entity- 
Nonentity. 

non"-suc-cess\     Failure.     Success-Failure. 

non'-such.  An  unexampled  thing.  Conventional- 
ity-Unconventionality,  Goodness-Badness,  Su- 
premacy-Subordinacy. 

non'-suit".  Abandonment  of  a  suit  bv  the  plaintiff. 
Exculpation-Conviction,  Success-Failure. 


NONSUITED. 


709 


NOTARY. 


non'-suit"-ed.  Dropped.  Exculpation-Conviction, 
Success-Failure. 

nonum  prematur  in  annum  [L.]  (no'-num  pri-me'- 
tur  in  an'-num).  Let  it  be  kept  for  nine  years. 
Earliness-Lateness. 

non-u"-ni-form'-i-ty.  Variableness.  Uniformity-Di- 
versity. 

non'-un"-ion.  Not  belonging  to  a  trades-union.  Con- 
ventionality-Unconventionality. 

noo'-dle.     A  blockhead.     Sage-Fool. 

nook.  A  narrow  and  retired  place.  Angularity, 
Contents-Receiver,  Extension-Place. 

noon.     Midday.     Morning-Evening. 

noon'-day.  Noon.  Light-Darkness;  clear  as  noon- 
day, Clearness-Obscurity,  Manifestation-La- 
tency; bright  as  noonday,  Light-Darkness. 

noon'-tide".  The  time  of  midday.  Light-Darkness, 
Morning-Evening. 

no"-o-scop'-ic.  Metaphysical.  Mind-Imbecility. 

noose.  Slip-knot.  Circle-Winding,  Connective, 
Recompense-Scourge,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

N  or  M.  General  symbol  for  the  name  of  any  person. 
Universality-Particularity. 

norma  loquendi  [L.]  (nor'-ma  lo-quen'-dai) .  Stand- 
ard of  speaking.     Grammar-Solecism. 

nor'-mal.  Regular;  perpendicular.  Conventional- 
ity -  Unconventionality,  Erectness  -  Flatness, 
Nature  -  Art,  Subjectiveness  -  Objecti veness  ; 
normal  condition,  Uniformity-Multiformity. 

normand.  ripondre  en  [F.]  (nor-man"',  re-pon'dri  an). 
To  give  an  evasive  answer.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

north.  One  of  the  four  cardinal  ooints  of  the  compass. 
Aim-Aberration:  north  and  »outh,  Laterality- 
Contraposition. 

north'-er-ly.    Toward  the  north.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

north'-ern.  Situated  toward  the  north.  Conveyance- 
Vessel,  Laterality-Contraposition;  northern 
light,  Yellowness-Purple;  northern  star,  Upright- 
ness-Dishonesty. 

North"-west'  Pas'-sage.  A  passage  from  the  Atlantic  to 
the  Pacific  along  the  northern  coasts  of  America. 
Circuition. 

nosce  te  [L.]  (nos'-si  ti).  Know  thyself.  Sagacity-In- 
capacity. 

nosce  iempus  [L.]  (nos'-si  tem'-pus).  Know  thy  time. 
Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

noscitur  a  sociis  [L.]  (nos'-si-tur  &  so'-shi-is).  He  is 
known  by  his  companions.  Conventionai.ity-Un- 
conventionality. 

tiose.  The  part  of  the  face  which  contains  the  nostrils 
and  the  organ  of  smell.  Anatomy,  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Odor-Inodorousness;  lead  by  the  nose,  Jus- 
tification-Charge, Liberty-Subjection,  Motive- 
Caprice;  led  by  the  nose,  Liberty-Subjection;  not 
see  beyond  one's  nose,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity, Skill  -  Unskilfulness;  put 
one's  nose  out  of  joint,  Reputation-Discredit,  Suc- 
cess-Failure; speak  through  the  nose,  Speech-In- 
articulateness; thrust  one's  nose  in,  Activity-In- 
dolence, Environment-Interposition;  under  one's 
nose,  Defiance.  Manifestation-Latency,  Pres- 
ence-Absence, Remoteness-Nearness. 

nose'-gay.  A  bunch  of  fragrant  flowers.  Embellish- 
ment-Disfigurement, Perfume-Stench. 

nos-ol'-o-gy.  Systematic  classification  of  diseases. 
Health-Sickness. 

nos-tal'-gi-a.  Homesickness.  Contentedness-Regret. 

nos'-tril.  One  of  the  anterior  openings  of  the  nose. 
Watercourse-Airpipe;  breath  of  one's  nostrils,  In- 
vestigation-Answer, Life-Death;  stink  in  the  nos- 
trils, Perfume-Stench. 

nos'-trum.  Scheme;  quack  medicine.  Design,  Rem- 
edy-Bane. 


•not.     In  no  manner.    Assertion-Denial;  it  will  not  do, 
Right-Wrong;   not  a  bit,  Assertion-Denial,  Mag- 
nitude-Smallness;   not  act,  Action-Passi veness; 
not  a  few,  Multiplicity-Paucity;   not  a  leg  to  stand 
on,  Might-Impotence;      not  a  little,  Magnitude- 
Smallness;     not  allowed,  Law-Lawlessness;    not 
amiss,  Beauty-Ugliness,    Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness,  Good-Evil;  not  any,  Plurality-Zero;    not  a 
particle,  Substance-Nullity;    not  a  pin  to  choose, 
Equality-Inequality;  not  a  soul,  Plurality-Zero, 
not  at  all,  Assertion-Denial,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness;   not  a  whit,  Magnitude-Smallness;   not  bad, 
Faultlessness-Faultiness;     not  bargain  for,  Ex- 
pectation-Surprise; not  come  up  to,  Equality-In- 
equality,  Supremacy-Subordinacy;      not  expect, 
Expectation-Surprise;  not  fail,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty; not  far  from,  Remoteness-Nearness;  not 
fit  to  be  seen,  Beauty -Ugliness;     not   following, 
Ratiocination-Instinct;  not  for  the  world,  Assent- 
Dissent,    Proffer -Refusal,    Readiness -Reluc- 
tance; not  grant,  Proffer-Refusal;  not  guilty,  In- 
nocence-Guilt; not  hardened,  Repentance-Obdu- 
racy; not  having,  Holding-Exemption,  Presence- 
Absence;  not  hear  of,  Proffer-Refusal;  not  iden- 
tical, Synonym-Antonym;  not  included,  Inclusion- 
Exclusion;   not  know  what  to  make  of,  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Clearness-Obscurity;    not  matter,  Cons»- 
quence-Insignificance;  not  mind,  Regard-Scorn, 
Sensitiveness-Apathy;       not    often,    Frequency- 
Rarity;   not  of  the  earth,  Godliness-Ungodliness; 
not  one,  Plurality-Zero;    not  on  speaking  terms, 
Amity-Hostility;    not  particular,  Contentedness- 
Discontentment;    not  pay,  Settlement-Default; 
not  quite,  Magnitude-Smallness  ;  not  reach,  Trans- 
cursion-Shortcoming;      not   right,   Saneness-Lu- 
nacy;    not  sorry,  Pleasure-Pain;    not  submit,  Re- 
prisal-Resistance;    not  the  thing,   Dueness-Un- 
dueness,  Love-Hate;    not  to  be  borne,  Pleasura- 
bleness-Painfulness;    not  to  be  despised,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance; not  to  be  had,  Costliness- 
Cheapness,      Excess-Lack,     Possibility-Impossi- 
bility;  not  to  be  put  down,  Determination-Vacil- 
lation;    not  to  be  thought  of,  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Dueness-Undueness,  Leave-Prohibition, 
Possibility-Impossibility,  Proffer-Refusal,  Re- 
flection-Vacancy,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness; 
not  to  mention,  Addition-Subtraction;  not  trouble 
oneself  about,  Carefulness-Carelessness;   not  un- 
derstand, Clearness-Obscurity;    not  vote,  Choice- 
Neutrality;    not  within  previous  experience,  Fre- 
quency-Rarity;    not     wonder,     Astonishment- 
Expectance;     not     worth,     Consequence  -  Insig- 
nificance,    Usefulness  -  Uselessness;      what    is 
not,  Truthfulness-Fabrication;  what  ought  not, 
Right- Wrong. 

nota  bene  [L.]  (no'-ta  bi'-ni) .  Give  good  heed.  Heed- 
Disregard. 

notabilia  [L.]  (no-ta-bil'-i-a) .  Notable  things.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance. 

no"-ta-bil'-i-ties.  Persons  of  distinction.  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

no"-ta-bil'-i-ty.  A  person  of  distinction.  Conse 
quence-Insignificance,  Reputation-Discredit. 

no'-ta-ble.  Remarkable;  distinguished;  readily  seen. 
Activity  -  Indolence,  Consequence  -  Insignifi- 
cance, Manifestation-Latency,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

no'-ta-bles.  Those  worthy  of  note.  Gentility-Com- 
monalty. 

no'-ta-bly.  In  a  notable  degree.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness. 

no'-ta-ry.  An  officer  empowered  by  law  to  note  protests, 
administer  oaths,  etc.  Recorder,  Advocate;  no- 
tary public,  Advocate. 


NOTATION. 


710 


NOVATIAN. 


no-ta'-tion.  Convenient  system  of  signs,  figures,  or  ab- 
breviations used  in  any  science.     Numbering. 

notch.  Hollow  cut  in  anything.  Angularity,  Inden- 
tation, Mark-Obliteration,  Sign. 

notched.     Indented.     Indentation. 

note.  Remark;  sign;  explanation;  epistle;  fame;  a 
musical  character;  a  mark  used  to  call  attention  to 
something;  take  cognizance.  Digest,  Heed-Disre- 
gard, Interpretation-Misinterpretation,  Mark- 
Obliteration,  Melody-Dissonance,  Mind-Imbe- 
cility, Missive-Publication,  Money,  Reputation- 
Discredit,  Sign,  Writing-Printing;  change  one's 
note,  Bigotry-Apostasy;  make  a  note  of,  Mark-Ob- 
literation, Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  note 
of  admiration,  Astonishment-Expectance;  note  of 
alarm,  Alarm;  note  cf  preparation,  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation;  of  note,  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Reputation-Discredit;  take  note  of,  Heed- 
Disregard. 

note'-book" .  A  book  in  which  to  enter  notes.  Digest  , 
Mark-Obliteration. 

no'-ted.  Famous.  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Repu- 
tation-Discredit. 

note'-wor"-thy.  Remarkable.  Conventionality-Un- 
conventionality,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

noth'-ing.  No  thing;  not  anything  important.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Plurality-Zero,  Sub- 
stance-Nullity; come  to  nothing,  Fertility-Ster- 
ility, Success-Failure,  Transcursion-Shortcom- 
ing;  do  nothing,  Action-Passiveness;  for  nothing, 
Costliness-Cheapness;  go  for  nothing,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance; good  for  nothing,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness  ;  have  nothing  to  do  with,  Connec- 
tion-Independence; make  nothing  of,  Astonish- 
ment-Expectance, Overvaluation-Undervalua- 
tion, Success-Failure;  nothing  at  all,  Substance- 
Nullity;  nothing  comes  amiss,  Contentedness- 
Discontentment;  nothing  in  it,  Substance-Nul- 
lity; nothing  loth,  Readiness-Reluctance;  noth- 
ing more  to  be  said,  Proof-Disproof;  nothing  of  the 
kind,  Assertion-Denial,  Likeness-Unlikeness; 
nothing  on,  Dress-Undress  ;  nothing  on  earth,  Sub- 
stance-Nullity; nothing  to  do,  Action-Passive- 
ness; nothing  to  do  with,  Proffer-Refusal;  noth- 
ing to  go  upon,  Possibility-Impossibility;  nothing 
to  signify,  Consequence-Insignificance;  nothing 
whatever,  Substance-Nullity;  take  nothing  by, 
Success-Failure;  think  nothing  of ,  Regard-Scorn; 
worse  than  nothing,  Settlement-Default. 

noth'-ing-ness.  Worthlessness.  Consequence-In- 
significance. 

no'-tice.  Observe;  intelligence;  warning.  Adept- 
Bungler,  Decision -Misjudgment,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Heed-Disregard,  Mind-Imbecility, 
Publicity,  Warning;  bring  into  notice,  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency; deserve  notice,  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance; give  notice,  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Manifestation-Latency,  Sign;  notice  is  hereby 
given,  Publicity;  notice  to  quit,  Keeping-Relin- 
quishment;  short  notice,  Sign;  take  no  notice  of, 
Carefulness-Carelessness;  take  notice  of,  Mind- 
Imbecility,  Publicity;  this  is  to  give  notice,  Heed- 
Disregard;  worthy  of  notice,  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance. 

no"-ti-fi-ca'-tion.  Notice  given  in  writing  or  by  signs. 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Sign. 

no'-tion.     Idea.     Conception-Theme. 

no'-tion-al.     Ideal.     Fancy, 

no"-to-ri'-e-ty.  State  of  being  too  well  known  or  un- 
favorably known.  Publicity,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

no-to'-ri-ous.  Famous;  infamous.  Knowledge  -  Ig- 
norance, Manifestation  -  Latency,  Publicity, 
Reputation-Discredit. 


Notre  Dame  [F.]  (notr  dam).  Our  Lady;  the  Blessed 
Virgin.  Divinity,  Innocence-Guilt,  Piety-Im- 
piety, Purity-Impurity. 

noiturno  [It.]  (not-tur'-no) .    A  nocturne.     Music. 

not"-with-stand'-ing.     Despite.     Compensation. 

nought.     Zero.     Zero. 

noun.  A  name  of  an  object  of  thought.  Noun  ;  abstract 
noun,  Noun;  collective  noun,  Noun;  common  noun, 
Noun  ;  compound  noun,  Noun  ;  concrete  noun,  Noun  ; 
derivative  noun,  Noun;  diminutive  noun,  Noun;  ma- 
terial noun,  Noun;  participial  noun,  Noun;  primary 
noun,  Noun;  proper  noun,  Noun;  simple  noun, 
Noun. 

NOUN. 

Noun.     Name  of  an  object  of  thought. 

Substantive.     A  noun;  a  word  or  phrase  used  as  a  noun. 

Noun— Kinds. 
Abstract  noun.     Name  of  a  quality,  action,  or  condition. 
Collective  noun.     Noun  which  denotes  plurality  without  a  plural 

termination. 
Common  noun.     Name  of  a  class,  or  of  each  one  of  a  class. 
Compound  noun.      Noun  composed  of  two  or  more  other  words  in 

composition. 
Concrete  noun.     Name  of  a  substance  or  material  object;    or  of  a 

quality,  action,  or  condition  inherent  in  that  substance. 
Derivative  noun.     Noun  derived  from  another  word  by  means  of 

some  affix. 
Diminutive  noun.     Noun  which  expresses  diminutive  size. 
Material  noun.     Name  of  a  material. 
Participial  noun.     A  participle  used  as  a  ndun. 
Primary  noun.     Noun  not  formed  by  derivation. 
Proper  noun.     An  individual  name. 
Simple  noun.     Noun  not  formed  by  composition. 

Noun — Associated  Words. 
Case.     The  relation  of  a  noun  to  other  words. 

Ablative.       Case    denoting    usually    the    relation    indicated    in 

English  by  with,  from,  by,  in,  etc. 
Accusative.     Case  equivalent  to  the  English  objective. 
Dative.     Case  of  the  indirect  object. 
Genitive.      Case  denoting  the  relation  indicated  in  English  by 

the  possessive,  or  the  preposition  of. 
Nominative.     The  case  in  English  of  the  subject  of  a  finite  verb, 
the  predicate  noun  after  a  nominative,  the  person  or  thing 
addressed,  the  subject  of  a  participle,  and  the  independent 
noun. 
Objective.    The  case  of  the  object  of  a  verb,  the  predicate  noun 
after  an  object,  the  subject  of  an  infinitive  and  after  a  preposi- 
tion. 
Possessive.     The  case  indicating  the  possessor. 
Vocative.     Case  in  several  languages  of  address. 
Gender.     A  grammatical  distinction  ex[  ressing  the  natural  distinc- 
tion of  sex. 

Feminine  gender.     Gender  of  the  names  of  females. 
Masculine  gender.     Gender  of  the  names  of  males. 
Neuter  gender.     Gender  of  the  names  of  things  without  sex. 
Number.     Grammatical  distinction  between  one  or  more  than  one 
Dual  number.     Number  expressing  two. 
Plural  number.     Number  denoting  more  than  one. 
Singular  number.     Number  denoting  but  one. 
Perion.     Grammatical  distinction  to  express  the  relation  of  a  noun 
to  the  speaker. 

First  person.     The  speaker. 

Second  person.     The  person  spoken  to. 

Third  person.     The  person  or  thing  «poken  of. 

nour'-ish.     To  feed.     Obstruction-Help. 

nour'-ish-ment.  Food.  Life-Death,  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion, Obstruction-Help. 

nous.     Mind.     Mind-Imbecility. 

nous  avons  changi  tout  cela  [F.]  (nuz  a-von''  shan'-zhA' 
tu  se-la').  We  have  changed  all  that.  Mutation- 
Permanence. 

nou'-sel.     To  ensnare.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

nou'-sle.     Ensnare.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

Nova  Zembla.  Two  Russian  islands  in  the  Arctic 
Ocean.     Heat-Cold. 

Ho-va'-tian.  One  of  a  sect  of  Cathari  founded  by  No- 
vatianus.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 


NOVATION. 


711 


NOVELTY— ANTIQUITY. 


no-va'-tion.     A  making  new.     Choice-Neutrality. 

nov'-el.  A  fictitious  tale;  new.  Account,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Likeness -Unlikeness;  Nov- 
elty-Antiquity. 

nov'-el-ist.     A  writer  of  novels.     Account. 


novella,  di  .  . .  tulto  par  hello  [It.]  (di  no-vel'-lo  tut'-to 
par  bel'-lo).  Everything  new  is  fair  to  view. 
Beauty-Ugliness,  Novelty-Antiquitt . 

nov'-el-ty.  Strangeness.  Likeness-Unlikeness,  Nov- 
elty-Antiquity. 


NOVELTY— ANTIQUITY. 


See  Renova- 


Gloss  of  novelty.     Attractiveness  caused  by  newness  or  unfamiliarity. 

Immaturity.     Unripeness:  incompleteness. 

Innovation.     Something  new  in  customs,  rites,  etc. 

Newness.     State  or  quality  of  being  new;  recentness. 

Novelty.     A  new  or  strange  thing. 

Recency.     Lateness  in  time;  freshness. 

Renovation,  etc.     Making  new  after  decay ;   renewal. 

TION. 

Youth,  etc.     That  part  of  life  between  childhood  and  manhood.    See 
Infancy. 

Novelty — Denotations, 

Latest  fashion.     The  prevailing  mode  or  style,  especially  of  dress. 
Modernism.     A  modern  usage  or  mode  of  expression. 
Mushroom.     One  who  rises  suddenly  from  a  low  condition  in  life. 
Parvenu  [F.J.     A  man  newly  risen  into  notice. 

Novelty — Verbs. 

Modernize.     To  render  modern 

Renew,  etc.     To  make  or  begin  over  again.     See  Renovation. 

Novelty — Adjectives. 

Brand-new.     Bright  and  fresh. 

Evergreen.     Retaining  greenness:  always  fresh. 

Fresh.     Newly  prepared  or  produced. 

Fresh  as  a  daisy.     Bright  and  cheerful. 

Fresh  as  a  rose.     Ruddy  and  beautiful. 

Fresh  as  paint.     Recently  grown,  made,  etc. 

Green.     Immature;  unripe. 

Immature.     Undeveloped:  imperfect. 

Just  out.     Appearing  at  this  moment. 

Late.     Recent;  coming  after  a  suitable  time. 

Modern.     Pertaining  to  the  present. 

Neoteric.     New;  recent  origin. 

New.     Lately  come  into  existence. 

New-born.     Lately  born. 

New-fangled.     New-made  or  new-fashioned. 

New-fashioned.     Made  in  new  style. 

New-fledged.     Lately  feathered. 

Novel.     Unusual;  strange. 

Of  yesterday.     Recent. 

Raw.     Newly  done;  fresh. 

Recent.     Pertaining  to  time  not  long  past. 

Renovated.     Made  new  and  vigorous. 

Spick  and  span.     Bright;  quite  new. 

Unbeaten.     Not  trodden  down:  new. 

Unhandled.     Not  previously  used. 

Untried.     Not  yet  experienced. 

Untrodden.     Unfrequented;  not  marked  by  feet. 

Vernal.     Belonging  to  the  spring. 

Virgin.     Pertaining  to  a  virgin;  first. 

Young,  etc.     Not  long  born.     See  Infancy. 

Novelty — Adverbs. 

Afresh.     As  a  new  act;  over  again. 

Anew.     Once  more;  again. 

Just  now.     The  present  moment;  immediately. 

Lately.     Not  long  ago. 

Latterly.     In  time  not  long  past. 

Newly,  etc.     Lately,  recently.     See  Adjectives.    • 

Of  late.     In  times  past;  near  the  present. 

Only  yesterday.     Long  past  time  conceived  of  as  quite  recent. 

The  other  day.     Indefinite  past  time. 

Novelty — Phrases. 

Di  novello  tulto  par  bello  [It.].     Everything  new  is  fair  to  view. 
Nullum  est  jam  dictum  quod  non  dictum  est  prius  [L.J.     Nothing  is 
said  nowadays  that  has  not  been  said  before. 

Tempi  passati  [L.J     Times  gone  by. 

Una  scopa  nova  spa:za  bene  [It.].     A  new  broom  sweeps  clean. 


Age.     A  period  of  time-  state  of  being  old. 

Antiquity.     Times  long  past. 

Oldness.     State  of  being  advanced  in  years.     See  Adjtctivts. 

Antiquity — Nouns  oj  Result. 

Decay.     Gradual  decline;  deterioration. 
Decline.     Tendency  to  a  worse  state;  a  falling  off. 
Maturity.     Ripeness;  state  of  perfection. 
Senility,  etc.     Old  age-  dotage.     See  Infancy-Age. 

Antiquity — Denotations. 

Archaism.     An  ancient,  or  old-fashioned,  word,  expression,  or  idiom. 

Cobwebs  of  antiquity.     The  marks  and  results  of  old  age. 

Common  law.  The  law  which  receives  its  binding  force  from  im- 
memorial usage. 

Custom.     Long-established  practise. 

Immemorial  usage.     A  custom  or  practise  antedating  history. 

Megatherium.     An  extinct  gigantic  mammal. 

Prescription.     Custom  continued  until  it  has  the  force  of  law. 

Relic  of  the  past.     Anything  preserved  in  remembrance  of  past  years 

Sanskrit.     The  ancient  Hindu  language. 

Thing  ot  the  past.     Anything  out  of  date. 

Tradition.  Knowledge  or  belief  transmitted  from  ancestors  to  pos- 
terity. 

Antiquity — Nouns  oj  Degree. 

Eldership.     Office  of  an  elder  in  a  church ;  state  of  being  older. 
Primogeniture.     State  of  being  the  first-born  child  of  the  same  par- 
ents. 
Seniority.     Priority  of  birth  or  office. 

Antiquity — Verbs. 

Age.     To  grow  old. 

Become  old.  To  begin  to  take  on  the  characteristics  of  age.  See 
Adjectives. 

Be  old,  etc.     To  be  advanced  in  years.     See  Adjectives. 

Fade.     To  decay  or  wither. 

Have  had.     To  be  past. 

Have  seen  its  day.  To  have  passed  into  a  state  of  decay  or  deteriora- 
tion. 

Antiquity — Adjectives. 

Aboriginal,  etc.  Native  to  the  soil;  first;  primitive.  See  Begin- 
ning. 

After  age.     Succeeding  time. 

Ancestral  black-letter.     Printed  in  the  old  English  or  Gothic  letter. 

Ancient.     Of  great  age. 

Antediluvian.     Pertaining  to  times  before  the  flood. 

Antemundane.     Before  the  creation  of  the  world. 

Antiquated.     Grown  old;  old-fashioned. 

Antique.     Old;  ancient. 

Archaic.     Obsolete. 

Behind  the  age.     Not  up  with  the  thought  or  methods  of  the  day. 

Classic.     Pertaining  to  ancient  literature  or  art  of  the  highest  type. 

Crumbling,  etc.  Falling  to  pieces  through  age.  See  Betterment- 
Deterioration. 

Customary.     Usual;  habitual. 

Diluvian.     Pertaining  to  the  deluge. 

Elder.     Senior;  older. 

Eldest.     Most  advanced  in  age. 

Exploded.     Rejected;  condemned. 

First-born.     First  brought  forth;  preeminent. 

Fossil.     Dug  out  of  the  earth;  that  which  is  antiquated. 

Gone  by.     Omitted. 

Gone  out.     Died  away. 

Immemorial.     Beyond  memory;  long  ago. 

Inveterate.     Deep-rooted;  obstinate  from  long  continuance. 

Medieval.     Belonging  to  the  middle  ages. 

Obsolete.     Gone  out  of  use;  out  of  date. 

Of  long  standing.     In  existence  for  a  long  time. 

Of  other  times.     Old-fashioned. 

Of  the  old  school.     Belonging  to  an  earlier  time. 

Old.     Aged;  far  advanced  in  years. 


NOVELTY. 


712 


NUMBER. 


ANTIQUITY— Adjectives— Continued. 


Expressions  employed  to  denote  time  long  past. 


Old  as  Adam. 

Old  as  history. 

Old  as  Methuselah. 

Old  as  the  hills. 

Old-fashioned.     Antiquated,  having  characteristics  of  former  times. 

Out  of  date.     Behind  the  times:  out  of  use. 

Out  of  fashion .     Not  in  vogue . 

Palaeocrystic.  Ice-covered  regions  of  the  Arctic  and  Antarctic  Oceans. 

Palasozoic.     Pertaining  to  the  lowest  geological  strata  in  which  forms 

of  life  appear. 
Pa-si  [F.l     Past:  out  of  use. 
Patriarchal.     Pertaining  to  the  ruler  of  a  family. 
Preadamite.     Existing  before  Adam. 
Preglacial.     Prior  to  the  glacial  period. 

Prehistoric.     Relating  to  a  period  antecedent  to  written  history. 
Prerafaelite.     Pertaining  to  a  style  of  art  which  preceded  Rafael. 
Prescriptive.     Acquired  by  immemorial  use. 
Prime      First  in  time  or  order;  beginning. 


Primeval.     Original;  belonging  to  the  first  ages. 

Primigenous.     First  formed;  original. 

Primitive.     Belonging  to  early  times;  ancient. 

Primordial.     Existing  from  the  beginning. 

Primordinate.     Of  earliest  origin. 

Rococo.  Having  a  tendency  to  be  bizarre  in  art  and  literature,  fan- 
tastic. 

Rooted.     Deep;  radical. 

Runout.     Ended;  consumed;  spent. 

Second-hand.     That  which  has  been  used  before. 

Senile,  etc.     Affected  by  old  age.     Sec  Infancy-Age, 

Stale.     Having  lost  freshness. 

Time-honored.     Honored  from  former  times. 

Time-worn.     Impaired  by  time;  weather-beaten. 

Traditional.     Transmitted  by  word  of  mouth  only. 

Venerable.     Rendered  sacred  by  age. 

Whereof  the  memory  of  man  runneth  not  to  the  contrary.  Im- 
memorial. 


Since  the  days  of  Methuselah,1) 
Since  the  world  was  made. 
Since  the  year  one.  J 


Antiquity — Adverbs. 


Expressions  which  denote  time  long  past. 


nov'-ice.  A  beginner  in  any  business  or  occupation; 
one  who  enters  a  religious  order  on  probation. 
Adept- Bungler,  Instructor- Pupil,  Ministry- 
Laity,  Scholar-Dunce. 

no-vi'-ti-ate.  State  or  time  of  being  a  novice.  Educa- 
tion-Learning, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

novus  homo  [L.]  (no'-vus  ho'-mo).  A  stranger;  an  up- 
start. Constituent-Alien,  Gentility -Common- 
alty. 

now.  At  the  present  time.  Time  ;  now  and  then, 
Frequency-Rarity;  now  or  never,  Opportuneness- 
Unsuitableness. 

now'-a-days".     In  the  present  time.     Time. 

no'-ways".  In  no  way  or  manner.  Magnitude- 
Smallness. 

no'-where".     In  no  place.     Presence-Absence. 

no'-wise".  In  no  manner  or  degree.  Assertion-De- 
nial, Magnitude-Smallness. 

nox'-ious.  Tending  to  cause  injury,  especially  to 
health  or  morals.  Goodness-Badness,  Healthi- 
ness-Unhealthiness. 

no"-yade'.  Act  of  drowning.  Exculpation-Puni- 
tion,  Life-Killing. 

noyerait  dans  une  gouite  d'eau,  il  se  [F.]  (noy-er-e' 
danz  un  gut  do,  il  se).  He  will  drown  himself  in  a 
drop  of  water.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

noz'-zle.  A  projecting  spout  or  pipe  for  discharging 
water.  Aperture-Closure,  Convexity-Concav- 
ity, Watercourse-Airpipe. 

nu"-ance'.  Shade  of  difference  in  color.  Differen- 
tiation-Indiscrimination, Variation. 

nubes,  occurrent  [L.]  (niu'-biz,  oc-cur'-rent).  Clouds 
will  intervene.     Obstruction-Help. 

nubibus,  in  [L.]  (niu'-bi-bus,  in).  In  the  clouds;  imag- 
inary.    Entity-Nonentity,  Fancy. 

nu-bif'-er-ous.  Cloud-bearing.  Diaphaneity-Opaque- 
ness. 

nu'-bile.  Marriageable.  Manhood,  Matrimony-Celi- 
bacy. 

nu-cle'-o-lus.     A  little  nucleus.     Center,  Middle. 

nu'-cle-us.  A  center  of  growth ;  a  kernel.  Cause-Ef- 
fect, Center,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Mid- 
dle. 

nu-da'-tion.   The  act  of  making  nude.    Dress-Undress. 

nuda  Veritas  [L.]  (niu'-da  ver'-i-tas).  The  naked 
truth.     Truth-Error. 

nude.     Destitute  of  covering.     Dress-Undress. 

nudge.     To  touch  or  push  gently  as  a  warning.     Sign. 

nu'-di-ty.     State  of  being  nude.     Dress-Undress. 

nu-gac'-i-ty.  Trifling  talk  or  behavior.  Sagacity- 
Incapacity,  USEFULNESS-USELESSNESS. 


nugte  canorm  [L.]  (niu'-jl  ca-no'-ri).  Silly  verses 
Meaning-Jargon,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

nugas,  magno  conatu  magnas  [L.]  (niu'-gas,  mag'-no 
co-n£'-tiu  mag'-nas).  Much  nonsense  at  great  effort 
Consequence-Insignificance. 

nu'-ga-tc-ry.  Having  no  power  or  force.  Might-Im 
potence. 

nug'-get.  A  mass,  especially  of  precious  metal 
Greatness-Littleness,  Money. 

nui'-sance.  That  which  causes  trouble  or  annoyance 
Good-Evil,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

null.     Of  no  legal  effect  or  force.     Substance-Nul 
lity;     declare  null  and  void,  Commission-Abroga- 
tion, Observance-Nonobservance;  null  and  void, 
Fertility-Sterility,    Law-Lawlessness,    Might- 
Impotence. 

nulla  dies  sine  linea  [L.]  (nul'-la  dai'-iz  sai'-ni  lin'-i-a) 
Not  a  day  without  a  line.     Activity-Indolence. 

nulla  pallescere  culpa,  nil  conscire  sibi  [L.]  (nul'-la  pal- 
les'-ser-l  cul'-pa,  nil  con-sai'-ri  sib'-i).  To  be  con- 
scious of  no  fault  pales  at  no  charge.  Innocence- 
Guilt. 

nulli  secundus  [L.]  (nul'-lai  si-cun'-dus).  Second  to 
none.     Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

nul"-li-bi'-e-ty.  State  of  being  nowhere.  Presence- 
Absence. 

nul"-li-fi-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  nullifying.  Commission- 
Abrogation.  Observance-Nonobservance. 

nul'-li-fy.  To  deprive  of  force  or  effect.  Commission- 
Abrogation,  Compensation,  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Entity -Nonentity,  Observance-Nonob- 
servance, Settlement-Default. 

nul'-li-ty.  State  or  quality  of  being  void  or  not  exist- 
ing.    Entity-Nonentity,  Substance-Nullity. 

nullius  jurare  in  verba  magistri  [L.]  (nul-lai'-us  ju-r6'- 
ri  in  ver'-ba  ma-jis'-trai) .  To  testify  to  nothing  in 
words  of  a  master.     Credulousness-Skepticism. 

nullus  in  singulis,  aliquis  in  omnibus  [L.]  (nul'-lus  in 
sin'-giu-lis,  al'-i-quis  in  om'-ni-bus).  Dabbler  in  all 
things,  good  for  nothing  in  each  particular  thing. 
Adept-Bungler. 

numb.       Destitute  of  sensation.       Feeling-Insens' 
bility,     Sensitiveness-Apathy,     Tingling-Numb- 
ness. 

numbed.  Deprived  of  the  power  of  sensation.  Sensi- 
tiveness-Apathy. 

num'-ber.  To  count;  a  numeral;  many;  one  of  a 
series  of  periodicals;  a  grammatical  distinction- 
Missive-Publication,  Noun,  Number,  Number- 
ing, Plurality-Fraction,  Verb;  dual  number, 
Noun;    mixed  number,   Number;    number  among, 


NUMBER. 


713 


NUMBERING. 


Admission-Exclusion;  number  of  times,  Recur- 
rence; plural  number,  Noun;  singular  number, 
Noun;  take  care  of  number  one,  Unselfishness- 
Selfishness. 

NUMBER. 

Aliquot  parj.  A  part  which  is  contained  exactly  in  a  number. 
An ti logarithm.  The  number  corresponding  to  any  logarithm. 
Arithmetical  progression.     A  progression  in  which  the  terms  increase 

or  decrease  by  equal  differences. 
Cipher.     The  character  o. 
Circulating  decimal.     A  decimal  fraction  repeating  a  set  of  figures 

without  end. 
Coefficient.     A  number  or  letter  put  before  an  algebraic  expression 

which  is  to  be  multiplied  by  that  number. 
Combination.     A  joining  together  to  form  a  whole. 
Common  measure.     Any  quantity  regarded  as  a  standard  of  com- 
parison with  other  quantities. 
Complement.     Full  number  or  allowance. 

Counter.     A  piece  of  wood,  ivory, etc. .used  in  counting;  a  coin. 
Decimal.     A  tenth  ;  a  fraction  in  decimal  notation. 
Denominator.     That  which  is  used  as  a  unit  or  divisor. 
Difference.     Result    obtained    by    subtracting    one    number    from 

another. 
Differential.     An  infinitesimal  difference  between  two  values  of  a 

quantity. 
Digit.     Any  one  of  the  ten  Arabic  numerals. 
Dividend.     A  quantity  divided  into  equal  parts. 
Divisor.     That  by  which  a  number  or  quantity  is  divided. 
Election.     Choice  in  general. 
Exponent.     A  symbol  indicating  a  power. 
Factor.     One    of   two   or   more    quantities   that,    when    multiplied 

together,  produce  a  given  quantity. 
Figure.     A  character  representing  a  number. 

Figurative  numbers.  Such  numbers  as  do  or  may  represent  some 
geometrical  figure,  in  relation  to  which  they  are  always  considered, 
as  triangular,  pyramidal,  etc.,  numbers.  -  . 

Fluent.     A  variable  quantity  in  fluxions  which  is  continually  in- 
creasing or  decreasing,  whether  it  be  line,  surface,  etc.;  an  integral. 
Fluxion.     The  rate  of  flow  or  variation  of  a  changing  quantity. 
Formula.     A  rule  or  principle  expressed  in  algebraic  symbols. 
Fraction.     A  quantity  less  than  a  unit 
Function.     A  quantity  whose  value  is  dependent  on  the  value  of 

some  other  quantity. 
Geometrical  progression.     A  progression  in  which  the  terms  increase 

or  decrease  by  equal  ratios. 
Harmonical  progression.     One  in  which  the  terms  are  the  reciprocals 

of  quantities  in  arithmetical  progression. 
Index.     The  indicator  of  the  power  of  a  quantity. 
Integer.     A  whole  number  in  contradistinction  to  a  fraction. 
Integral      A  mathematical  function  of  variables  that  remains  con- 
stant. 
Logarithm.     The  exponent  of  the  power  to  which  a  fixed  number, 
called  the  base,  must  be  raised  in  order  to  produce  a  given  number. 
Mixed  number.     A  whole  number  and  a  fraction  taken  together. 
Modulus.     A  number,  coefficient,  or  quantity  that  measures  a  force, 

function,  or  effect. 
Multiple.     A  resultant  of  multiplying  a  quantity  by  whole  numbers. 
Multiplicand.     A  number  multiplied,  or  to  be  multiplied,  by  another 
Multiplicator.     The  number  by  which  another  number  is  multiplied. 
Multiplier.     The  multiplying  number. 
Number.     One  of  a  series  of  symbols  used  in  arranging  or  classifying 

quantities. 
Numeral.     A  symbol  or  character  used  to  express  a  number. 
Numerator.     In  a  vulgar  fraction,  the  term  that  denotes  how  many 

of  the  parts  of  a  unit  are  taken. 
Percentage.     Rate  per  hundred,  or  proportion  in  a  hundred  parts. 
Permutation.     Arrangement  of  a  number  of  elements  or  things  with 

reference  to  their  order  of  sequence. 
Polygonal  numbers.     See  Pyramidal  numbers. 
Power.     A  number  multiplied  by  itself  any  number  of  times. 
Prime  number.     Any  number  divisible  only  by  itself  or  unity. 
Product.     The  result  obtained  by  multiplication. 
Progression.     A  series  of  numbers  or  quantities  each  of  which  is 

derived  from  the  preceding  by  a  constant  law. 
Proportion.     An  equality  or  identity  between  ratios. 
Pyramidal  numbers.     Certain  series  of  figurate  numbers  expressing 
the  number  of  balls  or  points  that  may  be  arranged  in  the  form  of 
pyramids. 
Quotient.     The  result  obtained  by  division 
Ratio.     The  relation  between  two  numbers  or  two  magnitudes  of  the 

same  kind. 
Reciprocal.     The  quotient  obtained  by  dividing  unity  by  a  number. 


Repetend.      That  part   of  a  circulating  decimal    which   is  repeated 

indefinitely. 
Root.     A   quantity  that,  taken    a  specified  number  of  times    as  a 

factor,  will  give  another  quantity  called  its  power. 
Round  number.     A  number  that  ends  in  a  cipher,  or  that  is  divisible 

by  ten. 
Series.    _An  orderly  arrangement  of  one  thing  after  another. 
Submultiple.     A  number  or  quantity  of  which  another  is  a  multiple. 
Subtrahend.     That  which  is  to  be  subtracted. 
Sum.     The  result  obtained  by  addition. 

Symbol.     A  sign  or  mark  by  which  one  knows  or  infers  a  thing. 
Variation       One  of  the  different  arrangements  which  can  be  made 

of  any  number  of  quantities,  taking  a  certain  number  of  them 

together. 

Number — Adjectives. 

Aliquot.     Contained  in  another  number  without  remainder. 

Complementary.     Su  ppl  ying  a  deficiency. 

Decimal.     Founded  on  the  number  10. 

Differential.     Pertaining  to  differentials. 

Divisible.     Admitting  of  division  without  remainder. 

Exponential.     Of  or  pertaining  to  exponents. 

Figurate.     According  to  number 

Fluxions).     Pertaining  to  fluxions 

Fractional.     Pertaining  to  fractions. 

Imaginary.     An  algebraic  expression  having  no  assignable  numerical 

interpretation. 
Impossible.     Pertaining  to  an  imaginary  quantity. 
Incommensurable.     Having  no  standard  of  comparison. 
Integral.     Pertaining  to  an  integer. 

Irrational.     Not  equal  to  the  quotient  of  any  two  entire  quantities. 
Logarithmic.     Consisting  of  logarithms. 

Logometric.     Denoting  a  scale  to  ascertain  chemical  equivalents. 
Negative .     Less  than  zero. 
Numeral.     Relating  to  number. 
Positive.     Greater  than  zero. 
Prime.     Condition  of  being  divisible  by  no  whole  number  except 

itself  and  unity. 
Proportional.     Pertaining  to  proportion. 
Radical.     Pertaining  to  the  root  of  a  number. 
Rational.     Expressible  as  the  ratio  of  two  whole  numbers. 
Real.     Not  imaginary. 

Reciprocal.     Used  to  denote  different  kinds  of  mutual  relation. 
Surd.     Irrational. 

num"-ber-ar-i-ty.  State  of  being  numerous.  Multi- 
plicity-Paucity. 

num'-bered.  Counted.  Days  numbered,  Life-Death, 
Life-Killing,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness,  Voli- 
tion-Obligation; numbered  with  the  dead,  Life- 
Death. 

num'-ber-ing.     Counting.     Numbering. 

NUMBERING. 

Algorithm.     The  Arabic  or  decimal  system  of  numeration. 
Calculation.     The  result  of  an  arithmetical  operation. 
Computation.     The  act  of  estimating  numerically. 
Dactylonomy.     The  art  of  counting  by  the  fingers. 
Enumeration.     Detailed  mention  of  things  in  succession. 
Measurement.     The  act  or  result  of  measuring. 
Numbering.     The  act  of  counting. 
Numeration.     The  art  of  reading  or  naming  numbers. 
Pagination.     The  process  of  paging  a  book. 
Recension.     A  critical  revision. 

Reckoning.     The  act  of  calculating,  counting,  or  computing. 
Rhabdology.     The  art  of  computing  by  means  of  Napier*s  rods. 
Statistics.     Systematized  numerical  facts  collectively. 
Summation.     The  operation  of  obtaining  a  sum. 
Supputation.     Reckoning;  account. 
Tale.     A  counting  or  enumeration . 

Numbering— Denotations. 

Algebra.     That  branch  of  mathematics  which  treats  of  the  relations 

and  properties  of  quantity  by  means  of  letters  and  other  symbols. 
Analysis.     The  resolving  of  problems  by  reducing  the  conditions 

that  are  in  them  to  equations. 
Arithmetic.     The  art  of  computation  by  figures. 
Calculus.     A  process  of  mathematical  reasoning  by  the  use  of  sym 

bols. 
Calculus  of  differences.     A  branch  of  mathematics  in  which  the  laws 

of  dependence  which  bind  the  variable  quantities  are  themselves 

subject  to  change. 


NUMBERING. 


714 


NUPTIALS. 


Differential  calculus.  A  method  of  investigating  mathematical 
questions  by  using  the  ratio  of  certain  indefinitely  small  quantities. 

Fluxions.  The  method  of  analysis  based  on  the  conception  of  all 
magnitudes  as  generated  by  motion. 

Infinitesimal  calculus.  Differential  and  integra]  calculus  in  which 
the  increments  given  to  variables  are  regarded  a?  infinitesimal. 

Integral  calculus.  A  method  of  investigating  mathematical  ques- 
tions by  finding  expressions  from  the  differentials  of  that  expres- 
sion. 

Numbering — Nouns  of  Statistics. 

Account.     A  record  of  business  transactions. 

Capitation.     Individual  assessment. 

Census.     Authoritative  enumeration  of  the  inhabitants  of  a  country. 

Dead-reckoning.     Computation  of  a  vessel's  situation  at  sea  without 

astronomical  observations. 
Muster.     The  roll  of  troops  on  parade. 
Poll.     The  list  or  enumeration  of  persons. 
Recapitulation.     A  summary  of  the  principal  points  in  a  discourse  or 

essay,   a  summing  up. 
Roll-call.     The  act  of  calling  over  a  Hst  of  names  of  persons. 

Numbering — Nouns  of  Operation. 

Addition.     The  act  of  adding,  an  increase. 

Approximation.     A  continual  approach  nearer  and  nearer  to  a  result. 

Differentiation.     The  act  of  differentiating. 

Division.     Ratio  of  one  quantity  to  another. 

Equations.     Propositions  asserting  the  equality  of  two  quantities. 

Evolution.     Extraction  of  roots. 

Extraction  of  roots.  The  operation  of  finding  the  roots  of  given 
numbers  or  quantities. 

Factoring.     The  act  of  resolving  into  factors. 

Integration.     Bringing  together  parts  into  a  whole. 

Interpolation.  The  process  of  deriving  intermediate  values  of  a 
quantity  from  a  series  of  given  values. 

Involution.     Raising  of  a  number  or  quantity  to  any  given  power. 

Multiplication.     The  act  or  process  of  increasing  in  number. 

Notation.     The  art  of  recording  by  figures  or  other  marks 

Practise.     A  rule  in  arithmetic. 

Reduction.  Changing  from  one  denomination  to  another  without 
altering  the  value. 

Rule  of  three.  A  rule  tor  finding  any  term  of  a  proportion,  the  three 
others  being  given. 

Subtraction.  The  operation  of  finding  the  difference  of  two  quanti- 
ties 

Numbering — Nouns  of  Instrument. 

Abacist.     A  calculator. 

Abacus.     A  reckoning  table  with  sliding  balls 

Arithmetician.     One  skilled  in  arithmetic. 

Calculating  machine.     A  device  to  aid  computation. 

Calculator.  A  calculate  i  machine ;  a  set  of  tables  for  readv  reckon- 
ing. 

Difference  machine.     A  machine  for  calculating  mathematical  table?. 

Logometer.     A  scale  for  measuring  chemical  equivalents. 

Napier's  bones.  A  contrivance  for  facilitating  calculations  in  multi- 
plication or  division. 

Sliding-rule.     A  rule  used  by  draftsmen  in  rapid  calculations. 

Swan-pan.     A  Chinese  form  of  abacus. 

Tallies.  Sticks  on  which  notches  are  cut  for  the  purpose  of  keeping 
and  checking  accounts. 

Numbering — Verbs. 

Add.     To  find  the  sum  of. 

Affix  numbers  to.     To  add  numbers  to  the  end. 

Amount  to.     To  be  equivalent. 

Audit.     To  examine  and  adjust,  as  accounts. 

Balance.     To  regulate  and  adjust. 

Calculate.     To  compute  mathematically. 

Call  over.     To  go  over  by  reading  aloud  name  by  name. 

Cast  up.     To  compute;  to  reckon. 

Check.     Toverify;  to  make  secure  by  means  of  a  mark- 
Cipher.     To  calculate  arithmetically. 

Come  to.     To  amount  to. 

Compute.     To  sum  up  or  reckon. 

Count.     To  name  one  by  one ;  to  number. 

Demonstrate.     To  point  out. 

Divide.     To  separate  into  pieces. 

Enumerate.     To  name  one  by  one. 

Extract  roots.     To  ascertain  the  root  of  a  quantity. 

Multiply.     To  grow  in  number. 

Muster.     To  collect ;  to  assemble,  as  for  military  review. 

Number.     To  reckon,  as  one  of  a  collection. 

Overhaul.     To  re-examine  as  accounts. 

Page.     To  number  in  pages. 

Poll.     To  enroll  for  taxation  and  the  like. 


Prove.     To  ascertain  by  trial. 

Recapitulate.     To  sum  up. 

Recite.     To  tell  over  in  detail. 

Run  over.     To  go  over  hastily. 

Score.     To  keep  account  of. 

Subtract.     To  withdraw  from  the  rest. 

Sum.     To  add  into  one  whole. 

Sum  up.     To  ascertain  the  totality  of. 

Suppute.     To  reckon,  to  compute. 

Take  an  account  of.     To  take  note  of. 

Take  stock.     To  make  an  inventory  of  goods. 

Tell.     To  count  one  at  a  time. 

Tell  off.     To  count,  as  a  number  of  men,  for  a  particular  duty. 

Numbering — Adjectives. 

Algebraic.     Pertaining  to  algebra. 

Analytic.     Resolving  into  first  principles. 

Arithmetical.     Pertaining  to  arithmetic. 

Calculable.     That  may  be  calculated. 

Commensurable.     Having  a  common  measure. 

Commensurate.     Proportional 

Computable.     That  can  be  computed. 

Factorial.     A  name  given  to  factors  of  a  continued  product. 

Incommensurable.     Having  no  common  measure. 

Incommensurate.     Not  admitting  of  a  common  measure. 

Numerable      That  may  be  numbered. 

Numeral.     Pertaining  to  number. 

Numerical.     Consisting  in  number 

Statistical.     Pertaining  to  statistics. 

Tabular.     Computed  by  the  use  of  tables. 


num'-ber-less.      Very  numerous.      Infinity. 

num/'-ber-os'-i-ty.  State  of  being  numerous.  Multi- 
plicity-Paucity. 

num'-ber-ous-ness.  State  of  being  numerous.  Mul* 
tiplicity-Paucity. 

num'-bers.  Many;  verse.  Multiplicity-Paucity, 
Poetry-Prose. 

numb'-ness.  State  of  being  without  feeling.  Sensi- 
tiveness-Apathy, TlNGLlNG-NuMBNESS. 

nu'-mer-a-ble.     That  may  be  counted.     Numbering. 

nu'-mer-al.  Pertaining  to  a  number.  Number,  Num- 
bering. 

nu"-mer-a'-tion.  Act  of  reading  or  naming  numbers. 
Numbering. 

nu'-mer-a"-tor.     Term  of  a  fraction.     Number. 

nu-mer'-i-cal.     Expressed  in  numbers.     Numbering. 

nu"-mer-ose\  Multiplicity  -  Paucity,  Purity- 
Crudeness. 

nu"-mer-os'-i-ty.<-   Harmony.     Purity-Crudeness. 

nu'-mer-ous.  Consisting  of  a  great  number  of  units. 
Multiplicity-Paucity. 

nu"-mis-mat'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  coins  or  medals. 
Money. 

nu"-mis-mat'-ics.  Science    of    coins    and  medals. 

Money. 

numps.     A  blockhead.     Sage-Fool. 

num'-skull.     A  dunce.     Sage-Fool. 

nun.  A  woman  devoted  to  religious  life.  Ministry- 
Laity. 

nunc  aut  nunquam  [L.]  (nunc  aut  nun'-quam).  Now 
or  never.     Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

Nunc  Dimitiis  [L.]  (nunc  di-mit'-tis).  Now  dismiss 
Devotion-Idolatry.     [Luke  ii,  26.] 

nun'-ci-o.     An  ambassador.     Consignee,  Messenger. 

nun"-cu-pa'-tion.  A  public  declaration.  Name- 
Misnomer. 

nun-cu'-pa-tive.     Oral.     Name-Misnomer. 

nun-cu'-pa-to-ry.  Orally.  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Name-Misnomer. 

nun"-di-na'-tion.  Buying  and  selling  at  fairs.  Ex- 
change. 

nun'-ner-y.     A  convent  for  nuns.     Fane. 

nup'-tial.  Pertaining  to  marriage.  Matrimony- 
Celibacy. 

nup'-tials.     Marriage.     Matrimony-Celibacy. 


NURSE. 


715 


NUTRIMENT— EXCRETION. 


nurse.  To  attend  and  take  care  of;  one  who  nurses. 
Chief  -  Underling,  Conservation,  Guard  -  Pris- 
oner, Obstruction-Help,  Remedy-Bane;  nurse- 
maid, Chief-Underling;   put  to  nurse,  Education- 

MlSTEACHlNG. 

nurs'-er-y.  A  room  for  children;  a  place  where  trees 
and  plants  are  raised;  place  where  anything  is  fos- 
tered. Cause-Effect,  Contents-Receiver,  Do- 
mestication-Agriculture, Infancy-Age,  School, 
Workshop;  nursery-maid,  Chief  -  Underling; 
nursery  rhymes,  Poetry-Prose;  nursery  tale,  Ac- 
count, Fancy. 

nurs'-ling.     An  infant.     Infant-Veteran. 

nur'-ture.        Feeding;    education.       Education-Mis- 


teaching,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Preparation-Nonpreparation;  nurture  a 
belief,  Faith-Misgiving;  nurture  an  idea,  Mind- 
Imbecility. 

nut.  A  fruit  consisting  of  a  kernel  enclosed  in  a  hard 
shell;  a  puzzle.  Nut  oil,  Pulpiness-Oil;  nut  to 
crack,  Difficulty-Facility,  Tidings-Mystery. 

nu-ta'-tion.     A  revolving  movement.     Vibration. 

nut'-brown".     Brown  color.     Gray-Brown. 

nut'-meg-gra"-ter.  A  device  for  grating  nutmegs. 
Friability. 

nu'-tri-ment.  That  which  nourishes.  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 


NUTRIMENT— EXCRETION. 


Aliment.     Substance  necessary  to  the  natural  growth  of  an  organism. 

Ambrosia.     The  immortality-giving  food  of  the  gods. 

Artichoke.     A  thistle-like  plant  whose  tubers  are  edible. 

Beef.     The  flesh  of  cattle. 

Beefsteak.     A  slice  of  beef  suitable  for  broiling. 

Beet.     An  edible  root. 

Belly  timber.     Figuratively,  food. 

Bisque.     Biscuit 

Blackberry.     A  small  edible  berry. 

Blanc  mange.     Cornstarch,  etc.,  boiled  tn  milk  for  dessert* 

Bloater.     A  selected  herring  slightly  cured. 

Board.     Food  which  is  served  at  the  table. 

Bread.     A  principal  article  of  food  made  of  flour  or  meal  of  grain. 

Bread  and  cheese.     Common-  expression  for  food. 

Breadfruit.     A  fruit  of  a  tropical  tree. 

Breadstuff.     Materials  for  bread. 

Broth.     A  thin  soup. 

Cates.     Delicate  or  luxurious  food. 

Cerealia  [L.]      The  cereals. 

Chowder.     Fish  boiled  with  pork,  vegetables,  etc. 

Chyle.     Partially  digested  food. 

Clam.     A  shell-fish. 

Comestibles.     Something  fit  for  the  table. 

Commissariat.     Food-supply.     See  Provision. 

Commons.     Rations. 

Condiment.     Spice  used  to  season  food. 

Consomme"  [F.].     A  strong  meat  soup. 

Contents  of  the  larder.     Provisions. 

Cornstarch.     Starch  made  from  corn. 

Creature  comforts.     Things  that  refresh  the  body. 

Dainty.     A  rare  and  costly  food. 

Delicacy.     Food  suited  to  a  fine  taste. 

Diet.     Properly  prescribed  food. 
Dietary.     A  system  of  diet. 
Eatables.     Food  prepared  for  eating. 

Eatage.      Pasturage. 

Edibles.     Food  fit  for  eating. 

Entrie  [P.].      A  side-dish. 

Entremets  [F.].     A  side-dish. 

Fare.     Daily  food. 

Feed.     Food  for  domestic  animals. 

Flesh-pots.     Food. 

Fodder.     Food  for  domestic  animals. 

Food.     Whatever  is  taken  to  maintain  life. 

Forage.     Food  for  horses  or  cattle. 

Fricassee.     A  dish  of  rabbit,  chicken,  or  other  meat  cut  into  small 

pieces  and  stewed  or  fried. 
Good  cheer.     Provisions  for  a  feast. 
Good  living.     Good  food. 
Grub.     Food. 

Hash.     Chopped  meat  stewed  or  fried, 
floe-cake.     A  cake  of  Indian  meal. 
Hors  d'osuvre  [F.].     A  side-dish. 
Ice-cream.     Frozen  cream  flavored. 
Ingesta.     Food. 

Joint.     One  of  the  pieces  into  which  a  carcass  is  cut  by  a  butcher. 
Keep.     Means  of  subsistence. 
Kickshaws.     An  unsubstantial  dish  of  food. 
Lettuce.     A  salad. 

Meat.     The  flesh  of  animals  used  as  food. 
Mince.     Meat  chopped  very  fine. 
Nourishment.     That  which  sustains  life. 
Nurture.     That  which  nourishes. 
Nutriment.     Food. 
Oatcake.     A  cake  made  from  oats. 


Bleeding.     Emission  of  blood. 

Catarrh.     Discharge  from  an  inflammation  of  the  membranes  of  the 

air-passages. 
Dejection.     Matter  voided. 
Diaphoresis.     Perspiration. 

Diarrhea.     Frequent  and  profuse  discharge  from  the  intestines. 
Discharge.     That  which  is  emitted  or  discharged. 
Effusion      That  which  is  poured  out 
Egesta  [L.]      Matter  secreted  and  thrown  off. 
Ejecta  fL.].     Matter  thrown  out. 

Emanation.     A  constantly  and  necessarily  flowing  efflux. 
Evacuation,     That    which   is   evacuated,     particularly    from   the 

bowels. 
Excrement.     Matter  secreted  and  ejected. 
Excreta  [L.].     The  excrements. 
Excretion.     Excrement. 

Exhalation.     That  which  is  discharged  in  the  form  of  vapor. 
Extravasation.     Matter  escaped  from  its  proper  vessel. 
Extrusion.     Something  forced  or  pressed  out. 
Exudation.     Matter  discharged  through  pores  or  incisions. 
Exuvue  [L  ].     Part  of  animals  cast  off. 
Faces  fL.].     Excrement. 
Hemorrhage.     A  discharge  of  blood. 
Lava.     Molten  matter  discharged  from  a  volcano. 
Outpouring.     A  great  effusion. 

Perspiration.     Matter  given  off  through  the  pores  of  the  skin. 
Ptyalism.     Excessive  secretion  of  saliva. 
Rheum.     A  discharge  from  the  eyes  or  nose. 
Saliva.     The  secretion  from  the  salivary  glands. 
Salivation.     An  excessive  secretion  of  saliva. 
Secretion.     Matter  collected  for  use  or  excretion. 
Sewage.     Refuse  matter  carried  off  by  a  sewer. 
Spittle.     Saliva. 

Sputa.     Matter  spit  outb  especially  during  disease. 
Subation.     Discharge. 
Sweat.     Perspiration. 

Excretion — Verbs, 
Emanate.     To  come  off  in  form  of  vapor. 
Excrete.     To  secrete  and  throw  off. 


NUTRIMENT— Continued. 

Oatmeal.     A  food  made  from  oats. 

Omelet.     A  dish  of  eggs  and  milk,  stirred  together  and  fried* 

Oyster.     A  shell-fish  much  used  as  food. 

Pabulum.     Food. 

Pastry.     Food  made  with  crust  of  shortened  dough. 

Pasture      1  ^rass  wnic^  horses  and  cattle  graze  upon. 

Pasty.     A  pie,  usually  of  meat. 

Pie.     Prepared  food  baked  between  two  layers  of  pastry. 

Piece  de  risistance  [F.].     The  most  substantial  dish  of  a  dinner. 

Potage.     Pottage. 

Pottage.     A  stew  of  meat  and  vegetables. 

Prey.     Any  animal  seized  by  another  for  food. 

Prog.     Victuals  of  any  kind. 

Provender.     Food  provided  for  cattle. 

Provisions.     Supply  of  food. 

Prunelle.     A  small  prune. 

Pudding.     A  dish  consisting  of  a  mixture  of  fruit,  milk,  eggs,  etc. 

Puree  [F.].     A  thick  soup. 

Ragout.     A  dish  made  of  meat  and  vegetables,  cut  fine,  stewed,  anc* 

highly  seasoned. 
Raisin.     A  dried  grape. 


NUTRIMENT. 


71G 


NUTRIMENT. 


NUTRIMENT—  Continued, 


Ration.     A  fixed  allowance  of  food. 

Ravin.     Prey. 

Rusk.     A  sweet  biscuit. 

RSehauffi  [F.].     Food  warmed  over. 

Reldve  [F.j|      A  delicacy,  as  olives  or  radishes. 

Remove.     A  dish  or  course  at  dinner. 

Roast  and  boiled.     Meats. 

Sirloin.     The  upper  part  of  a  loin  of  beef. 

Soup.     Liquid  food  made  by  boiling  meat  or  vegetables  in  water. 

Spoonmeat.     Food  to  be  taken  with  a  spoon. 

Staff  of  life.     Bread. 

Steak.     A  slice  of  meat  for  frying. 

Stew.     A  preparation  of  meat  with  vegetables  cooked  by  stewing. 

Subsistence.     Tliat  upon  which  one  feeds. 

Succotash.     Corn  and  beans  cooked  together. 

Sustenance.     That  which  supports  life. 


Sustentation.     The  support  of  life. 

Sweets,  etc.     Sweet  accompaniments  of  a  meal. 

Taffy .     A  sugar  candy. 

Tapioca.     The  dried  starch  obtained  from  the  roots  of  the  cassava. 

Tomato.     The  fruit  of  a  plant  of  the  Nightshade  family,  used  as 

food. 
Vanilla.     An  oil  extracted  from  the  berries  of  the  vanilla  plant,  used 

as  a  flavor. 
Veal.     The  flesh  of  a  calf. 

Vermicelli.     The  flour  of  a  hard  and  small-grained  wheat. 
Viands.     Articles  of  food. 

Victuals.     Food  for  human  beings  as  prepared  for  eating. 
Vol-au-vent  fF.].     A  meat  pie. 
Waffle.     A  soft  cake  cooked  in  a  waffle-iron. 
Walnut.     The  fruit  of  the  walnut -tree. 
Yolk.     The  yellow  part  of  an  egg. 


Nutriment — Beverages, 


Ale.     A  beverage  made  from  a  fermented  infusion  ot  malt. 

Beer.  An  alcoholic  beverage  produced  from  various  substances  con- 
taining starch. 

Beverage.     A  refreshing  drink. 

Bishop.     A  hot  drink  made  from  mulled  wine,  sugar,  oranges,  etc. 

Broth.     A  fluid  food. 

Chocolate.     A  beverage  made  from  a  cake  of  cacao-seeds. 

Cider.     The  expressed  juice  of  apples  used  as  a  beverage. 

Claret.     A  red  table-wine. 

Cocktail.     An  iced  drink  of  spirits  mixed  with  bitters,  sugar,  etc. 

Coffse.  A  beverage  made  from  the  coffee-berry  after  it  is  roasted 
and  ground. 

Cup.  A  beverage  made  with  wine,  generally  iced,  and  with  flavoring 
herbs. 

Draft.     The  amount  drunk  at  one  time. 

Dram.     A  drink  of  spirits. 

Drench.     A  drink. 

Drink.     Any  liquid  beverage 

Flip.     A  hot  drink,  chiefly  of  ale  spiced  and  sugared. 

Gin,  etc.  An  alcoholic  liquor  distilled  from  various  grains  and 
flavored  with  juniper-berries.     See  Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

Grog.     An  unsweetened  mixture  of  spirits  and  water. 

Gulp.     A  swallow. 

Heavy  wet.     Malt  liquor,  as  making  the  drinker  stupid. 


Hyson.     A  grade  of  green  tea. 

Ice-water.     Water  chilled  by  ice. 

Liqueur  [F.].  An  alcoholic  cordial  sweetened  and  flavored  with 
aromatic  substances. 

Liquor.     Any  intoxicating  liquid. 

Lisbon.     A  sweet  wine. 

Malt  liquor.     Any  alcoholic  beverage  brewed  from  malt. 

Negus.     A  drink  made  of  wine,  water,  and  lemon-juice,  sweetened. 

Nip.     A  dram  of  strong  drink. 

Potion.     A  draft. 

Punch.  An  alcoholic  beverage  composed  ot  wine  or  spirits,  sweet- 
ened, and  flavored  with  lemon  or  orange. 

Sip.     A  mere  taste. 

Sir  John  Barleycorn.  A  personification  of  malt  or  intoxicating 
liquors. 

Spirits.     A  strong  distilled  liquor,  especially  alcohol. 

Stingo.     Strong  beer  or  ale. 

Sup.     A  taste  of  liquid. 

Swill.     Liquor  drunk  regularly. 

Tea.  A  beverage  made  from  the  leaves  of  the  tea-plant;  the  cup 
that  cheers  but  not  inebriates.     [Cowper.] 

Toddy.     A  beverage  of  spirits,  hot  water,  and  sugar. 

Wassail.     The  liquor  prepared  for  a  drinking-bout. 

Wine.     The  fermented  juice  of  the  grape. 


Deglutition.     The  act  of  swallowing. 

Drinking,  etc.     The  act  of  swallowing  fluids.     See  Verbs. 

Eating.     The  act  of  taking  food.     See  Verbs, 

Epulation.     A  feasting. 

Gluttony,    etc.       The    act    of     eating    to    excess.        See    Fasting- 

Gluttonv 
Gulp.     A  swallowing. 


Nutriment — Nouns  of  Action. 

Hippophagy.     The  act  of  eating  horse-flesh. 


Ichthyophagy.     The  practise  of  feeding  on  fish. 
Libation.     The  act  of  pouring  out  wine. 
Manducation.)  ~,         .     -  ■A 
Mastication.    /  The  act  of  chewmg. 

Rumination.     The  act  of  chewing  the  cud. 


Nutriment — Associated  Nouns. 


Bait.     A  light  meal  for  man  or  beast. 

Banquet.     A  sumptuous  feast. 

Bever.     A  small  lunch  between  meals. 

Bill  of  fare.     A  list  of  articles  or  dishes  provided  for  a  meal. 

Blowout.     A  jovial  feast. 

Bolus.     A  mouthful. 

Breakfast.     The  first  meal  of  the  day. 

Carousal,  etc.     A  feast.      See  Entertainment. 

Collation.     A  lunch  or  light  repast. 

Course.     A  portion  of  a  meal  served  at  one  time. 

Cuisine.     The  cooking  department. 

Dejeuner  [F.].     Breakfast. 

D&jeiiner  &  la  fourchette  [F.].     A  meat  breakfast. 

Dessert.     The  last  course  of  a  dinner. 

Dinner.     The  principal  meal  of  the  day,  eaten  about  midday. 

Dish.     A  particular  kind  of  food 

Drunkenness,  etc.      Excessive  indulgence  in  alcoholic  liquors.     See 

Teetotalism-Intemperance. 
Eater.     One  who  eats. 
Eating-house.      A  house  where  cooked  provisions  are  sold,  to  be 

eaten  on  the  premises 
Feast.     A  festive  or  joyous  meal. 
Feed.     A  meal. 

Festal  board.     A  meal  prepared  for  a  festival. 
Gobbet.      A  mouthful. 
Hearty  meal.     An  enjoyable  meal. 
Junket.      A  feast 
Lunch.      A  light  meal  between  breakfast  and  dtnne*- 


Luncheon.     A  light  repast. 

Meal.     A  repast. 

Menu.     A  bill  of  fare. 

Mess.     A  quantity  of  food  set  on  a  table  at  one  time. 

Morsel.     A  little  bite  of  food. 

Mouthful.     As  much  as  is  usually  put  into  the  mouth  at  one  time. 

Ordinary.     A  dining-room  or  eating-house  where  a  rreal  is  prepared 

for  all  comers,  at  a  fixed  price  for  a  meal,  in  distinction  from  one 

where  each  dish  is  separately  charged. 
Picnic.     An  entertainment  at  which  each  person  contributes  some 

dish  to  a  common  table. 
Plate.     A  small,  shallow,  and  usually  circular  vessel  from  which  food 

is  eaten  at  table. 
Pot-luck.     Whatever  may  chance  to  be  provided  for  a  rr.eal. 
Refection.     A  lunch. 

Refreshment.     An  article  of  food  or  drink. 
Regale.     A  banquet. 

Regalement.     An  entertainment  or  festival. 
Repast.     A  meal. 
Sippet.     A  small  sop. 
Snack.     A  slight,  hasty  repast. 
Sop.     Anything  dipped  and  softened  in  any  liquid. 
Spread.     A  feast. 

Supper.     A  meal  taken  at  the  close  of  the  day. 
Table.     Figuratively,  the  food  spread  upon  a  table. 
Table  d'hdte  fF.].     A  common  table  for  guests  at  a  hotel. 
Tiffin.     A  lunch. 
Whet.     An  appetizer. 


NUTRIMENT. 


717 


NYSTAGMUS. 


NUTRIMENT— Continued. 
Nutriment —  Verbs. 


Batten^'}  To  treat  to  a  feast' 


Batten  upon.     To  grow  fat  upon  rich  food. 

Bite.     To  seize  or  cut  with  the  teeth. 

Bolt.     To  swallow  hurriedly  or  without  chewing 

Break  bread.     To  dine. 

Breakfast.     To  take  the  first  meal  of  the  day. 

Break  one's  fast.     To  take  food. 

Browse.     To  feed  upon  leaves,  twigs,  and  grass. 

Carouse.     To  drink  deeply  and  in  a  boisterous  manner. 

Champ.     To  bite  upon  impatiently. 

Chew.     To  cut  or  grind  with  the  teeth. 

Crack  a  bottle.     To  join  in  a  drink. 

Cranch.     See  Crunch. 

Craunch.     See  Crunch. 

Crop.     To  eat  the  ends  off  of  grass  and  plants. 

Crunch.     To  crush  audibly  in  the  mouth. 

Despatch.     To  dispose  of  speedily. 

Devour.     To  eat  up  greedily,  as  a  beast  of  prey. 

Dine.     To  eat  the  chief  meal  of  the  day. 

Discuss.     To  test  by  eating  or  drinking. 

Dispatch.     See  Despatch. 

Do  justice  to.      Eat  much  of  with  relish. 

Drain  the  cup.     To  drink  all  that  is  in  the  cup. 

Drink  in.     To  drink. 

Drink  one's  fill.     To  drink  until  one  is  satisfied. 

Drink  up.     To  drink  all  that  a  cup  contains. 

Eat.     To  chew  and  swallow  food. 

Eat  heartily.     Eat  a  cheerful  meal. 

Empty  one's  glass.     To  drink  all  that  a  glass  contains. 

Fall  to.     To  begin  to  eat  hastily. 

Fare.     To  live  as  regards  food  and  drink. 

Fatten  on.     To  grow  fat  from  feeding  on  something 

Feast  on.     To  dine  on  rich  provisions. 

Feed.     To  give  food  to. 

Feed  on.     To  live  on. 

Get  down.     To  eat  or  drink. 

Gnaw.     To  bite  off  little  by  little. 


Alimentary.     Pertaining  to  aliment. 
Bibulous.     Fond  of  drinking. 
Carnivorous.     Eating  or  living  on  flesh. 
Cereal.     Pertaining  to  edible  grains. 
Cibarious.      Pertaining  to  food. 
Comestible.     Suitable  to  be  eaten. 
Culinary.      Pertaining  to  cooking. 
Dietetic.     Relating  to  diet. 
Eatable.     In  a  condition  suitable  for  eating. 
Edible.     Fit  to  be  used  as  food. 
Esculent.     Edible. 


Gormandize.     To  greedily  eat  very  much. 
Graze.     To  feed  on  grass. 

„u,p'  |  To  swallow  eagerly  and  in  large  mouthfuls. 

Lap.     To  take  up  liquid  with  the  tongue. 

Lick.     To  take  food  into  the  mouth  in  bits  by  drawing  the  tongu* 

over  it. 
Live  on.     To  eat  sufficient  of  to  maintain  life. 
Lunch.     To  take  light  food  between  meals. 
Masticate.     To  prepare  food  in  the  mouth  for  swallowing. 
Mumble.     To  chew  gently ;  to  eat  with  a  muttering  sound 
Munch.     To  masticate  noisily. 
Nibble.     To  bite  off  and  eat  little  bits. 
Peck.     To  pick  up  with  the  beak. 
Pick.     To  eat  slowly  and  daintily. 
Play  a  good  knife  and  fork.     To  be  a  good  eater. 
Purvey.     To  furnish  supplies. 
Quaff.     To  drink  copiously  or  with  relish. 
Ouass.     To  quaff;  drink. 
Regale.     To  entertain  in  a  regal  manner. 
Royne.     To  gnaw. 

Sip.     To  take  with  the  lips  in  small  drafts. 
Snap.     To  close  the  mouth  suddenly. 

Suck        "I 

s     ,  "       J  To  draw  into  the  mouth  with  the  lips. 

Sup.     To  eat  the  evening  meal. 

Swallow.     To  receive  through  the  gullet  into  the  stomach. 

Swig.     To  take  deep  drafts. 

Swill.     To  drink  greedily  and  to  excess. 

Take      To  eat. 

Take  down.     To  eat. 

Take  tea.     To  eat  supper. 

Tipple.     To  drink  strong  drink  frequently. 

Toss  off.     To  drink  at  one  draft. 

Toss  one's  glass.     To  toss  off  a  glassful. 

Tuck  in.     To  eat. 

Wash  down.     To  follow  the  meal  with  wine. 

Wet  one's  whistle.     To  take  a  drink. 


N  utr  i  m  e  nt — A  djectives . 


Graminivorous.     Feeding  upon^rass. 
Granivorous.     Feeding  upon  grain. 
Herbivorous.     Subsisting  on  herbs. 
Ichthyophagus.     Subsisting  on  fish. 
Nutritious.!  VT       .  ,. 
Nutritive.    /No^shmg. 

Omnivorous.      Living  upon  food  of  all  lands. 
Phytivorous.     Herbivorous. 

^  Fit  for  drinking. 


Potulent. ! 
Succulent 


Pertaining  to  thiclc,  fleshy,  juicy  plants. 


nu-tri'-tion.  Process  by  which  growth  is  promoted  and 
waste  repaired  in  the  body.  Biology,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help. 

nu-tri'-tious.  Nourishing.  Healthiness-Unhealth- 
iness,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Remedy-Bane. 

nu'-tri-tive.  Having  nutritious  properties.  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion, Remedy-Bane. 

nuts.  Something    that    gives    particular    pleasure. 

Good-Evil,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

nut'-shell.  The  shell  of  a  nut ;  a  small  space.  Magni- 
tude-Smallness;  lie  in  a  nutshell,  Digest,  Great- 
ness-Littleness. 


nux"  vom'-i-ca.  The  seed  of  a  plant  containing 
strychnin  and  brucin.     Remedy-Bane. 

nuz'-zle.     To  fondle.     Blandishment. 

nych-the'-me-ron.  The  whole  day  of  24  hours.  Peri- 
odicity-Irregularity. 

nyc'-ta-lo"-py.      Day  blindness.      Sight-Dimsighted- 

NESS. 

nymph.  A  mythological  female  divinity,  inhabiting  a 
grove  or  spring.  Jove-Fiend,  Male-Female;  sea- 
nymph,  Ocean-Land. 

nys-tag'-mus.  A  spasmodic  movement  of  the  eyes. 
Sight-Dimsightedness, 


O! 


718 


OBLIVION. 


o 


01  An  exclamation.  Astonishment-Expectance; 
0  for,  Desire-Distaste. 

oaf.     An  imbecile.     Sage-Pool. 

oak.  A  tree.  Strength- Weakness;  heart  of 
oak,  Bravery -Cowardice,  Hardness -Softness, 
Strength-Weakness. 

oak'-um.     Hemp-fiber.     Lamina-Fiber. 

Oar.  A  paddle.  Instrument,  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion, Wayfarer-Seafarer;  lie  upon  one's  oars, 
Action-Passiveness;  ply  the  oar,  Toil-Relaxation, 
Traveling-Navigation;  pull  an  oar,  Action-Pas- 
siveness; put  in  an  oar,  Activity-Indolence,  En- 
vironment-Interposition; rest  on  one's  oars,  Dis- 
continuance -  Continuance,  Movement  -  Rest, 
Toil-Relaxation. 

oars'-man.     A  rower.     Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

o'-a-sis.  Fertile  place  in  a  desert.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Ocean -Land,  Union -Dis- 
union. 

oat.  A  cereal  grass  and  its  edible  grain.  Domestica- 
tion-Agriculture. 

oat'-cake".  A  cake  made  of  oatmeal.  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

oath.  A  solemn  affirmation;  a  curse.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Charitableness-Curse,  Engagement-Re- 
lease; rap  out  oaths,  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness; upon  oath,  Assertion-Denial,  Engage- 
ment-Release. 

oat'-meal".  The  meal  of  oats.  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion. 

ob"-bli-ga'-to.  A  necessary  accessory;  a  secondary 
accompaniment.     Music,  Solitude-Company. 

ob'-duc-tion.     A  drawing  over.     Cover-Lining. 

ob'-dur-ate.  Inexorable;  unyielding;  impenitent. 
Bigotry- Apostasy,  Harshness -Mildness,  Re- 
pentance-Obduracy, Virtue-Vice. 

o-be'-di-ence.  Submissiveness.  Insubordination- 
Obedience,  Liberty -Subjection,  Observance- 
Nonobservance,  Yielding. 

o-be'-di-ent.  Submissive.  Insubordination-Obedi- 
ence. 

o-be'-di-ent-ly.  Submissively.  Insubordination- 
Obedience. 

o-bei'-sance.  A  bow.  Elevation-Depression,  Po- 
liteness -  Impoliteness,  Regard  -  Disrespect, 
Yielding. 

ob'-el-isk.  A  four-sided  pillar.  Height-Lowness, 
Mark-Obliteration. 

Ob'-er-on.     The  king  of  the  fairies.     Jove-Fiend. 

o-bese'.  Fat.  Enlargement-Diminution,  Excess- 
Lack. 

o-bes'-i-ty.  Corpulence.  Greatness-Littleness,  En- 
largement-Diminution. 

o-bey\  To  comply  with;  to  be  subject  to.  Insubor- 
dination-Obedience, Liberty-Subjection,  Yield- 
ing; obey  a  call,  Motive-Caprice;  obey  the  helm, 
Difficulty-Facility;  obey  rules,  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality. 

ob-fus'-cate.  To  muddle.  Diaphaneity-Opaque- 
ness, Light-Darkness;  obfuscated,  Diaphaneity- 
Opaqueness,  Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

o'-bit.  The  death  of  a  person.  Life-Death,  Life- 
Funeral. 

obit,  post  [L.]  (o'-bit,  post).  After  death.  Life- 
Death,  Life-Funeral. 


obiter  dictum  [L.]  (ob'-i-ter  dic'-tum).  An  irrelevant 
remark.  Connection -Independence,  Environ- 
ment-Interposition, Opportuneness-Unsuitable- 
ness. 

o-bit'-u-a-ry.     A  death-notice.   Account,  Life-Death. 

ob-ject'.  To  disapprove.  Object  to,  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Desire-Distaste. 

ob'-ject.  A  thing;  aim;  something  ugly.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Materiality-Spirituality,  Purpose- 
Luck,  Substance-Nullity;  be  an  object,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance. 

ob-jec'-tion.  An  adverse  argument  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Obstruction-Help;  no  objection,  Con- 
sent. 

ob-jec'-tion-a-ble.  Open  to  objection.  Propriety- 
Impropriety,  Right- Wrong. 

ob-jec'-tive.  External;  material.  Materiality- 
Spirituality,  Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 

ob-jec'-tive-ness.  Externality.  Subjectiveness-Ob- 
jectiveness. 

ob-jur'-gate.     To  scold.     Approval-Disapproval. 

ob-jur-ga'-tion.     Rebuke.     Approval-Disapproval. 

ob-jur'-ga-tc-ry.  Rebukingly.  Approval-Disap- 
proval. 

ob-late'.  Flattened  at  the  poles.  Length-Shortness, 
Roundness. 

ob-la'-tion.  Anything  offered  in  worship.  Devotion- 
Idolatry,  Giving-Receiving. 

ob"-lec-ta'-tion.     A  delight.     Pleasure-Pain. 

ob"-li-ga'-tion.  A  binding  promise;  a  duty;  a  require- 
ment. Credit -Debt,  Engagement- Release, 
Terms,  Thankfulness-Thanklessness,  Volition- 
Obligation;  confer  an  obligation,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness; feeling  of  obligation,  Thankfulness-Thank- 
lessness; under  an  obligation,  Duty-Dereliction, 
Thankfulness-Thanklessness. 

ob-li-ga'-to.     Necessary.     Solitude-Company. 

ob'-li-ga-to"-ry.  Binding.  Composition,  Duty-Dere- 
liction. 

o-blige'.  To  compel;  to  accommodate.  Duty-Dere- 
liction, Obstruction-Help,  Occasion. 

oblige,  bien  [F.]  (o-bli-zhe',  bi-an').  Greatly  obliged. 
Proffer-Refusal. 

ob-liged'.  Grateful;  bound.  Duty -Dereliction, 
Thankfulness-Thanklessness. 

ob"-li-gee'.     One  obliged.     Money. 

ob-li'-ging.  Helpful.        Charitableness-Malevo- 

lence, Obstruction-Help,  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness. 

ob"-li-gor'.     A  debtor.     Money. 

ob"-li-qua'-tion.     Deviation.     Aim-Aberration. 

ob-lique'.  Slanting.  Angularity,  Curvation-Rec- 
tilinearity,  Parallelism-Inclination. 

ob-lique'-ly.  Slantingly.  Aim-Aberration,  Paral- 
lelism-Inclination. 

ob-liq'-ui-ty.  Inclination;  wickedness.  Angularity, 
Parallelism-Inclination,  Virtue-Vice;  obliquity 
of  judgment,  Decision-Misjudgment. 

ob-lit'-er-ate.     To  erase.     Mark-Obliteration. 

ob-lit'-er-a-ted.    Erased.    Mark-Obliteration. 

ob-lit"-er-a'-tion.  A  blotting  out.  Mark-Oblitera- 
tion;   obliteration  of  the  past,  Remembrance-For- 

GETFULNESS. 

ob-liv'-i-on.  Utter forgetfulness.  Pardon- Vindictive- 
ness,   Remembrance-Forgetfulness;    oblivion    of 


OBLIVION. 


719 


OBSERVANCE— NONOBSERVANCE. 


benefits,  Thankfulness-Thanklessness;  oblivion 
of  time,  Chronology-Anachronism;  redeem  from 
oblivion,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

ob-liv'-i-ous.  Forgetful.  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness. 

ob'-long.  Longer  than  broad.  Length-Shortness; 
oblong  spheroid,  Roundness. 

ob'-lo-quy.  Infamy;  defamation.  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement, Approval-Disapproval,  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

ob"-mu-tes'-cence.  Muteness.  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity, Vocalization-Muteness. 

ob-nox'-ious.  Odious.  Contentedness-Discontent- 
ment,  Goodness-Badness,  Love-Hate;  obnoxious 
to,  Contingency. 

ob-nu'-bil-a"-ted.     Beclouded.     Dimness. 

o'-bo-e.     A  wind-instrument.     Musical  Instruments. 

obra  de  comun,  obra  de  ningun  [Sp.]  (o'-bra  de  co-mun', 
o'-bra  de  nin-gun').  Everybody's  business  is  no- 
body's business.  Occupation,  Organization-Dis- 
organization. 

ob-rep'-tion.   Stealthiness.    Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

ob"-rep-ti'-tious.  Fraudulent.  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy. 

ob-scene'.     Indecent.     Purity-Impurity. 

ob-scen'-i-ty.     Lewdness.     Purity-Impurity. 


ob"-scu-ra'-tion.     Hiding.     Light-Darkness. 

ob-scure'.  Dusky;  humble;  abstruse.  Ambiguity,  Dim- 
ness, Gentility-Commonalty,  Light-Darkness, 
Perspicuity  -  Obscurity,  Reputation  -  Discredit, 
Visibility-Invisibility,  Whiteness-Blackness. 

ob-scu'-ri-ty.  Lack  of  distinctness.  Certainty-Doubt, 
Clearness  -  Obscurity,  Gentility  -  Commonalty, 
Light-Darkness,  Perspicuity-Obscurity. 

obscurum  per  obscurius  [L.]  (ob-sciu'-rum  per  ob-sciu'- 
ri-us) .  Making  more  obscure  by  explanation.  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity. 

ob"-se-cra'-tion.  A  supplication.  Petition-Expos- 
tulation. , 

ob'-se-quies.     Funeral  rites.     Life-Funeral.  \ 

ob-se'-qui-ous.  Servile.  Politeness-Impoliteness, 
Presumption  -  Obsequiousness,  Regard  -  Disre- 
spect. 

ob-se'-qui-ous-ness.  Servility.  Insubordination- 
Obedience,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness, Regard-Disrespect. 

ob-serv'-ance.  A  custom;  a  ceremony.  Ceremonial, 
Conduct,  Conventionality-Unconventionality, 
Duty-Dereliction,  Habit-Desuetude,  Heed-Dis- 
regard, Insubordination-Obedience,  Observ- 
ance-Nonobservance. 


OBSERVANCE— NONOBSERVANCE. 


•  To  do. 


Acknowledgment.     Admittance  as  genuine ;  recognition. 

Acquittal.     Discharge  or  performance,  as  of  duty  or  obligation. 

Acquittance.     See  Acquittal. 

Adhesion.     Firmness  in  opinion. 

Compliance.     The  act  of  submitting;  observance. 

Discharge.     The  performance  of  a  duty. 

Exact   observance,  etc.     Strict  or  accurate   performance ;    rule   of 

practise.     See  Truth. 
Fidelity,  etc.     Strict  adherence  to  duty  or  obligation.     See  o^ijght- 

NESS. 

Fulfilment.     Performance;  accomplishment. 

Obedience,  etc.     Submission  to  duty ;  observance  of  a  law  or  custom. 

See  Insubordination-Obedience. 
Observance.     The  act  of  complying  with  a  custom ;  compliance. 
Performance.     The  act  of  carrying  out  anything;  completion. 
Satisfaction.     The  extinguishment  of  a  claim  or  obligation. 

Observance — Verbs. 
Abide  by.     To  submit  to ;  accept. 

Acknowledge.     To  recognize  as  imposing  responsibility. 
Acquit  oneself  of  an  obligation.     To  be  freed  from  a  duty. 
Act  up  to.     To  perform ;  do. 
Be  faithful  to.     To  be  true  to. 
Carry  into  execution. 
Carry  out. 

Cling  to.     To  adhere  to. 

Comply  with.     To  be  in  conformity  with;  obey. 
Discharge.     To  do  one's  duty ;  perform. 
Discharge  an  obligation.     To  do  one's  duty. 
Do  one's  office.     To  act  in  compliance  with  one's  duty. 
Execute.     To  accomplish;  bring  to  an  end. 
Fulfil.     To  bring  about ;  bring  to  pass. 

Fulfil  an  obligation.     To  satisfy  a  claim  upon  one's  services. 
Keep.     To  observe ;  to  act  in  compliance  with. 
Keep  faith  with.        "i 

Keep  one's  promise.  f  To  do  as  one  has  promised. 
Keep  one's  word.      ) 

Make  good.     To  make  amends;  compensate. 
Make  good  one's  promise.!  a.    j       ,.  ..         t_  •    j  *    j 

Make  good  one's  word.      I  To  do  what  one  has  P™™*'5  to  d°- 
Meet.     To  satisfy;  observe  one's  responsibilities. 
Observe.     To  heed;  follow  out;  comply  with. 
Perform.     To  execute;  accomplish. 
Perform  an  obligation.     To  do  one's  duty. 
Redeem  one's  pledge.     To  keep  one's  promise. 
Respect.     To  treat  in  accordance  with  custom. 
Satisfy.     To  supply  fully. 
Stand  to  one's  engagement.     To  keep  one's  engagement. 

Observance — Adjectives. 
As  good  as  one*s  word.     Truthful;  true  to  one's  promise. 
Faithful.     Trustworthy  in  the  observance  of  promises. 


Bad  faith,  etc.  Non-fulfilment  of  a  promise.  See  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

Disobedience,  etc.  Lack  of  submission  to  duty.  See  Insubordina- 
tion. 

Evasion.     The  act  of  avoiding. 

Failure.     Neglect;  non-observance. 

Forfeiture.     The  act  of  losing  anything  on  account  of  omission. 

Informality.     The  state  of  being  not  formal. 

Infraction.     A  violation  as  of  a  rule. 

Infringement.     Disregard  of  a  law  or  rule. 

Inobservance.     The  act  of  not  complying  with  a  law  or  custom. 

Laches.     Neglect  of  law. 

Lawlessness.     Neglect  of  obedience  to  law. 

Laxity.     Looseness;  inexactness. 

Neglect.     Want  of  attention ;  carelessness. 

Non-observance,  etc.  The  state  of  not  paying  attention.  See 
Observance. 

Nullification.     The  act  of  depriving  of  legal  force. 

Omission.     Failure  to  do  a  thing. 

Protest.     Objection. 

Repudiation.  The  act  of  refusing  to  pay  a  claim  or  debt;  the  dii- 
avowing  of  a  custom. 

Retraction.     The  act  of  drawing  back. 

Transgression.     The  breaking  of  a  law  or  custom. 

Violation.     A  transgression. 

Nonobservance — Verbs. 

Be  off.     Depart  from. 

Break.     To  violate. 

Cancel,   etc.      To   render    null    and    void.      See    Mark-Obutera« 

tion. 
Close  one's  eyes  to.     To  be  not  attentive. 
Declare  null  and  void.     To  make  known  as  invalid. 
Discard.     To  reject;  turn  away  as  not  wanted. 
Do  violence  to.     To  transgress;  to  break  through. 
Drive  a  coach  and  six  through.     To  violate. 
Elude.     To  evade;  avoid. 
Evade.     To  avoid  by  artifice. 
Fail.     To  disappoint. 

Fling  to  the  winds.     To  consider  of  no  account. 
Forfeit.     To  lose  on  account  of  some  fault. 
Give  the  go-by  to.     To  pay  no  heed  to. 
Go  back  from.     To  repudiate. 
Go  from  one's  word.     To  break  one's  word. 
Ignore.     To  pay  no  attention  to. 
Infringe.     To  disregard  any  law  or  custom. 
Neglect.     To  pay  no  heed ;  disregard. 
Nullify.     To  render  void. 
Omit.     To  neglect  to  do. 
Palter.     To  act  in  a  trifling  manner. 
Protest.     To  object  to. 


OBSERVANCE. 


720 


OBSTRUCTION— HELP. 


OBSERVANCE— XOXOBSERVANCE— Continued. 


OBSERVANCE— Adjectives— Continued. 

Honorable,  etc.     In  accordance  with  the  principles  of  honor      See 

Uprightness. 
Literal,  etc.     Exact  as  to  details.     See  Truth. 
Loyal.     Constant;  faithful. 

Observant.      Watchful;  paying  close  attention  to  one's  duty. 
Punctilious.      Exact  in  regard  to  the  forms  and  usages  of  society. 
Punctual.     Observant  in  regard  to  an  appointed  time. 
True.     In  conformity  with  fact;  not  false. 
True  as  the  dial  of  the  sun.     Exact  as  the  sun-dial. 
True  as  the  needle  to  the  pole.     As  true  as  the  magnetic  needle  is  to 

the  pole. 

Observance — Adverbs. 
Faithfully,  etc.     In  a  true  manner.     See  Adjectives. 

Observance — Phrases. 
Gardez  la  foi  [F.].     Keep  the  faith. 
Ignoscito   sape   alteri,  nurnquam   tibi   [L.].      Pardon  another   often, 

never  thyself. 
Loyal  in  tout  [F.].     Loyal  in  everything. 
Tempori  parendum  [L.].     One  must  yield  to  the  times. 


NONOBSERVANCE—  Verbs— Continued. 

Repudiate.     To  refuse  to  acknowledge. 

Retract.     To  recall  or  take  back. 

Set  aside.     To  put  aside. 

Set  at  naught.     To  regard  as  valueless. 

Shut  one's  eyes  to.     To  pay  no  attention  to. 


Strain  a  point.    I  T 


exaggerate. 


Stretch  a  point. 
Trample  under  foot.  To  utterly  disregard. 
Transgress.  To  violate  a  command  or  law. 
Violate.     To  set  at  naught. 

Nonobser  vance — Adjectives. 

Elusive.     Having  the  tendency  to  slip  away. 

Evasive.     Having  the  tendency  to  elude. 

Lawless.     Without  law. 

Transgressive.     Faulty ;   liable  to  transgress. 

Unfulfilled,  etc.     In  a  manner  that  is  not  fulfilled. 

ANCE. 

Violating,  etc.     Apt  to  violate.     See  Verbs. 


See  Observ 


Ob-serv'-ant.  A  friar  of  the  strictest  Franciscan  order. 
Ministry-Laity. 

ob-serv'-ant.  Watchful.  Heed-Disregard,  Observ- 
ance-Nonobser  vance. 

ob"-ser-va'-tion.  Close  attention;  a  remark.  Asser- 
tion-Denial, Conception-Theme,  Heed-Disre- 
gard, Mind-Imbecility. 

ob-serv'-a-to-ry.  A  building  fitted  for  observing  the 
'  sky.    Universe. 

ob-serve'.  To  remark;  to  heed;  tonotice.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Conventionality  -  Unconventionality, 
Duty-Dereliction,  Heed-Disregard,  Observance- 
Nonobservance;  observe  a  duty,  Duty-Derelic- 
tion; observe  rules,  Conventionality-Unconven- 
tionality. 

ob-serv'-er.     A  spectator.     Onlooker. 

ob-serv'-ing.      Watchful.      Heed-Disregard. 

ob-ses'-sion.    A  siege.    Attack-Defense. 

ob-sid'-i-an.    Volcanic  rock.    Geology. 

ob-sid'-i-o-nal.  Pertaining  to  a  siege.  Attack-Defense. 

ob'-so-lete.  Out  of  use.  Future-Past,  Novelty-An- 
tiquity, Taste-Vulgarity,  Usefulness-Useless- 
ness,  Word-Neology. 


ob'-sta-cle.    A  hindrance.    Obstruction-Help. 

obstant,  Fata  [L.]  (ob'-stant,  fe'-ta).  The  Fates  oppose. 
Volition-Obligation. 

ob"-stet-ri'-cian.    An  accoucheur.    Instrumentality. 

ob-stet'-rics.  Midwifery.  Creation-Destruction, 
Remedy-Bane. 

ob'-sti-na-cy.  Stubbornness.  Activity-  Indolence, 
Bigotry-Apostasy,  Decision-Misjudgment,  De- 
termination -  Vacillation,  Favorite  -  Quarrel- 
someness, Mutability-Stability,  Mutation-Per- 
manence, Turbulence-Calmness. 

ob'-sti-nate.  Stubborn.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Deter- 
mination-Vacillation, Mutability-Stability. 

ob'-sti-nate-ly.    Stubbornly.    Bigotry-Apostasy. 

ob'-sti-nate-ness.    Stubbornness.    Bigotry- Apostasy. 

ob"-sti-pa'-tion.      Constipation.     Aperture-Closure. 

ob-strep'-er-ous.  Clamorous.  Loudness-Faintness, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

ob-struct'.  To  block  up;  to  hinder.  Aperture-Clo- 
sure, Obstruction-Help,  River-Wind;  obstruct  the 
passage  of  light,  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

ob-struc'-tion.  An  obstacle.  Aperture-Closure, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Obstruction-Help. 


OBSTRUCTION-  HELP. 


Bafflement.      A  foiling. 

Check.     A  sudden  or  continued  restraint  or  obstruction. 

Coercion.      Restraint  of  freedom. 

Counterpoise.     A  force  or  power  equal  to  and  acting  in  opposition  to 

another. 
Difficulty,  etc.      The  state  of  being  hard  to  accomplish;  obstruction. 

See  Dipficulty. 
Discountenance.      Disapprobation. 

Discouragement.      That  which  tends  to  deter  from  anything. 
Embarrassment.      The   state  of  being  in  confusion  or  perplexity  in 

regard  to  one's  actions,  manners,  and  the  like. 
Encumbrance.      Anything  whjch  impedes,  checks,  or  hinders. 
Hindrance.     Anything  that  stops  or  obstructs 
Impediment.     That  which  hinders  or  obstructs. 

Impedimenta.     Things  which  obstruct  or  hinder,  especially  the  bag- 
gage of  an  army. 
Impedition.     The  act  of  hindering. 
Incumbrance.     Anything  that  impedes  or  makes  difficult  an  action 

or  motion 
Inhibition,  etc.    The  act  of  restraining  or  the  state  of  being  restrained . 

See  Leave-Prohibition. 
Interception.      The  act  of  obstructing  the  progress  of  anything. 
I  nter  clusi  on .      The  act  of  intercepting. 
Interference.      The  act  of  working  in  opposition  or  interposing;  the 

state  of  interfering. 
Interposition.      The  act  of  placing  or  coming  in  between ,  the  state  of 

being  in  between. 
Interruption.     Obstruction  caused  by  breaking  in  upon  any  progress. 

motion,  or  the  like 


Accommodation.     That  which  supplies  a  want. 

Adjunct.     Something  joined  to  or  connected  with  another  thing. 

Advance.     An  assistance  beforehand  ;  an  offer. 

Advocacy.     The  act  of  pleading  for  or  supporting. 

Aid.     That  which  helps  or  assists. 

Aidance.     The  act  of  aiding. 

Alimentation.     Provision  for  support. 

Ally,  etc.  A  person  or  thing  connected  with  another  in  some  relation 
of  helpfulness.     See  Antagonist-Assistant. 

Assistance.     Aid;  help;  support. 

Championship.     The  state  of  contending  in  another's  behalf. 

Coadjuvancy,  etc.  Assistance;  cooperation.  See  Antagonism- 
Concurrence. 

Contingents.     Quotas  of  troops. 

Countenance.     Aid;  assistance;  support. 

Deus  ex  machina  f  L.  ].  A  god  let  down  by  a  machine ;  a  mechanical 
stage  device. 

Favor.     Support ;  encouragement. 

Food,  etc.  That  which  is  eaten  or  drunk  for  the  support  of  life.  See 
Nutriment. 

Furtherance.     The  act  of  assisting  or  promoting. 

Help.     Very  urgent  need  of  aid ;  assistance. 

Help  at  a  dead  lift.      Help  without  the  aid  of  mechanical  apparatus. 

Interest.     Especial  attention  to  some  object. 

Lift.     The  act  of  lifting  or  raising. 

Manna  in  the  wilderness.     Figuratively,  divine  food. 

Means,  etc.  The  medium  through  which  anything  is  done.  See 
Means 

Ministration.     The  act  of  performing  service. 


OBSTRUCTION. 


721 


OBSTRUCTION— HELP. 


OBSTRUCTION— HELP— Continued. 


Objection.     Anything  presented  in  obstruction  to. 

Obstacle.     Anything  which  impedes,  obstructs,  or  hinders. 

Obstruction.     Anything  which  impedes  or  hinders. 

Obtrusion.  The  act  of  thrusting  upon  others  by  force  or  contrary  to 
their  wishes. 

Oppilation.     The  act  of  filling  with  obstructions. 

Preclusion.     The  act  of  shutting  out  by  previous  obstacles. 

Prevention.     The  act  of  hindering  or  obstruction  of  access. 

Preventive.     Anything  which  intercepts  or  obstructs  approach. 

Restraint,  etc.  That  which  hinders  or  obstructs.  See  Release- 
Restraint. 

Restriction.     Anything  that  holds  in  check  or  within  confinement. 

Retardation.     The  act  of  hindering  or  obstructing. 

Retardment.     The  act  of  retarding. 

Stoppage.     The  act  of  arresting  motion. 

Stricture.     A  hindrance  or  compression. 

Obstruction — Nouns  of  Means  and  Instrument. 

Bar.     A  piece  of  wood  or  metal  forming  a  barrier  or  obstruction  to 

a  passageway. 
Barricade,  etc.     A  barrier  hastily  built  of  objects  nearest  at  hand. 

See  Attack-Defense. 
Barrier.     Something  that  bars,  keeps  out,  or  obstructs  progress. 
Block.      Anything   that    stops   effectually  the    progress  or  opera- 
tion of 
Blockade,  etc.     Any  hindrance  or  obstruction  to  action  or  progress. 

See  Aperture-Closure. 
Boom.     A  strong  cable  or  line  of  spars,  bound  together,  stretched 

across  a  river  or  harbor  to  prevent  navigation. 
Breakwater.     A  wall  or  structure  for  protecting  a  harbor  from  the 

force  of  waves. 
Buffer.     Anything  that  lessens  the  shock  of  an  opposing  force. 
Bulkhead.     A  partition  in  a  ship  to  render  apartments  water-tight. 
Burden.     A  heavy  or  taxing  load. 
Burrock.     A  small  weir. 
Chainweight.     A  weight  or  obstruction  attached  to  something  by  a 

chain. 
Clog.     Anything  attached  so  as  to  impede  motion  or  action. 
Contretemps  [F.].     A  chance  accident  which  throws  everything  into 

confusion. 
Dam.     A  barrier  to  confine  the  flow  of  a  stream. 
Damper.     That  which  damps  or  checks. 
Dead  wall.     A  wall  without  break  or  variation. 
Dead  weight.     A  burden  borne  without  aid. 
Drag  weight.     A  weight  to  check  motion. 
Drawback.     Anything  that  hinders  progress. 
Ephialtes.     The  nightmare. 

Estoppel.     An  act  or  admission  that  cannot  legally  be  denied. 
Fardel.     A  bundle  or  burden. 
Gate.     A  movable  barrier  closing  a  passage. 
Head-wind.     A  wind  blowing  in  opposition  to. 
Hinderer.     One  who  interferes  with  or  hinders. 
Hitch.     An  obstruction  which  causes  a  sudden  stoppage. 
Holdback.     That  which  keeps  back ;  a  check. 
Ill-wind.     A  wind  that  is  unfavorable  to  progress. 
Incubus.     The  form  in  which  the  nightmare  appears. 
Insuperable  obstacle.     An  obstruction  that  cannot  be  overcome. 
Interloper,     One  who  interferes  officiously 
Killjoy.     One  who  spoils  pleasure. 
Knag.     A  knot  in  wood. 
Knot.     An  intertwining  of  the  parts  of  one  or  more  ropes  or  cords, 

for  the  purpose  of  fastening  them  together. 
Let.     Anything  that  obstructs  or  hinders. 
Lion  in  the  path.     Figuratively,  an  impassable  obstacle. 
Load.     Anything  that  is  borne  with  difficulty. 
Lumber.     A  superfluous  weight  or  bulk. 

Marplot.     One  who  mars  or  spoils  a  plot  by  officious  interference. 
Millstone  round  one's  neck.     An  insurmountable  obstacle. 
Nightmare.     An  oppressive  condition  in  sleep,  giving  the  sense  of  a 

difficulty  or  danger  from  which  one  cannot  escape. 
Old  man  of  the  sea.     An   oppressive  burden;    from  the  story  of 

Sindbad,  Arabian  Nights. 
Onus.     A  burden  or  responsibility 

Opponent.     One  who  opposes  another.     See  Antagonist 
Pack.     A  bundle  or  package. 

Portcullis.     Iron-pointed  timbers  hung  over  the  gateway  of  a  for- 
tified place  and  let  down  to  obstruct  the  passage. 
Prophylactic.     A  medicine  that  prevents  disease  from  spreading. 
Remora.     An  impediment. 
Screw  loose.     Anything  that  prevents  freedom  of  motion  or  regular 

movement. 
Shoe.     A  drag  placed  under  a  wheel  to  obstruct  its  rotation. 

<i6 


Ministry.     The  act  of  giving  needful  things. 

Nutrition  *      I  That  which  sustains  or  promotes  growth. 

Opitulation.     The  act  of  helping  or  assisting. 

Parbuckle.     A  sling  made  by  passing  both  ends  of  a  rope  through  its 
bight,  used  in  moving  heavy  objects. 

Patronage.     Especial  favor  or  assistance. 

Promotion.     The  act  of  contributing  to  the  growth  or  enlargement  of 
anything. 

Recruits.     A  new  supply  of  something  necessary  or  useful. 

Reinforcements.     Additional  troops  sent  to  strengthen  a  position. 

Relief.    A  person  or  persons  taking  the  place  of  another  in  some  duty. 

Rescue.     Deliverance,  as  from  danger. 

Subministration.     The  act  of  supplying  or  furnishing. 

Subvention.     The  act  of  coming  to  relief  or  assistance. 

Succor.     Relief;  assistance. 

Succors.     Auxiliary  troops. 

Supernatural  aid.     Divine  aid. 

Supplies.     Accumulated  stores  reserved  for  distribution. 

Support,  etc.     That  which  helps,  upholds,  or  assists.     See  Suspen- 
sion-Support. 

Sustentation.     Support. 

Help — Verbs. 

Abet.     To  encourage  by  aid ;  chiefly  in  a  bad  sense. 

Accommodate.     To  furnish  with  something  desired  or  needed 

Administer  to.     To  supply  with;  contribute  to. 

Adopt  the  cause  of.     To  take  up  the  cause  of. 

Advance.     To  assist  by  giving  aid. 

Advocate.     To  be  or  plead  in  favor  of. 

Afford  aid.     See  Nouns. 

Aid.     To  assist  another's  exertions;  help. 

Assist.     To  give  support,  help,  or  succor. 

Attend.     To  minister;  serve. 

Back.     To  support;  strengthen  by  aid. 

Back  up.     To  uphold  by  the  aid  of  money  or  influence. 

Bear  a  hand.  \ «,      .         ... 

Bear  a  helping  hand.  J  To  glve  aid  to" 

Bear  through.     To  pass  through  by  force. 

Beat  up  for  recruits.     To  look  for  aid  for  a  cause. 

Befriend.     To  aid;  countenance;  benefit. 

Benefit,  etc.     To  do  good  to;  help;  assist.     See  Goodness. 

Be  of  use  to.     To  give  help  to 

Be  the  making  of.     To  influence  one's  behavior  or  position. 

Bolster.     To  support;  holdup;  maintain. 

Bring  aid.     To  help. 

Cheer.     To  encourage. 

Cherish.     To  hold  dear;  encourage. 

Come  to  the  aid  of,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Conduce,  etc.     To  promote;  further.     See  Inclination. 

Consult  the  wishes  of.     To  do  as  one  wishes  one  to  do. 

Contribute.     To  give  aid  to;  assist. 

Countenance.     To  favor;  approve;  aid;  support. 

Cradle.     To  nurse  in  infancy. 

Cultivate.     To  foster;  cherish;  turn  special  attention  upon. 

Do  service  to.     To  help. 

Dry-nurse.     To  attend;  bring  up  and  feed  without  the  breast. 

Encourage.     To  give  courage  to ;  embolden;  countenance. 

Enlist  under  the  banners  of.     To  exert  one's  power  or  influence  in  a 

cause. 
Entertain.     To  maintain;  support. 
Espouse  the  cause  of.     To  adopt  the  cause  of. 
Expedite.     To  relieve  of  burdens;  hasten. 
Fan  the  flame.  \  ™     .  .  a 

Feed  the  flame.  I  T°  stir  up  or  'nfluence- 
Favor.     To  support;  aid;  have  the  disposition  to  aid. 
Foment.     To  cherish;  abet. 
Forward.     To  hasten;  advance;  promote. 
Foster.     To  encourage;  promote. 
Furnish  aid.     To  give  help  to. 
Further.     To  help  forward ;  promote;  assist. 
Give  a  hand. 
Give  a  helping  hand. 
Give  aid. 
Give  a  lift  to. 
Give  an  impulse  to. 
Give  a  shove  to. 
Give  moral  support  to.     To  give  assent  to  without  giving  material 

assistance. 
Give  new  life  to.     To  aid  or  encourage. 
Give  one  a  lift.     To  assist  a  person. 
Give  one  a  turn.     To  assist. 
Hasten.     To  hurry,  push  on. 


To  help. 


OBSTRUCTION. 


722 


OBSTRUCTION— HELP. 


OBSTRUCTION— HELP— Continued. 


OBSTRUCTION— Nouns  of  Mfansand  Instrument — Continued. 

Skid.  A  chain  used  to  fasten  a  wheel  to  prevent  its  rotation  when 
going  down  a  hill. 

Snag.     A  hidden  obstacle  or  impediment. 

Snag  and  sawyers.  Fallen  trees  that  rest  at  the  root-end  on  the 
bottom  of  a  stream,  and  continually  rise  and  fall  under  the  action 
of  the  current. 

Spoke.     A  stick  or  bar  for  insertion  in  a  wheel  to  prevent  its  turning. 

Stay.     A  rod  or  bar  for  holding  something  in  position. 

Stile.     A  step  or  steps  on  each  side  of  a  wall  to  aid  in  surmounting  it. 

Stop.     An  obstruction  or  obstacle. 

Stopper.     One  who  or  that  which  stops  up  or  closes. 

Stumbling-block.)  Any    obstruction   or   hindrance  causing   one   to 

Stumbling-stone.  J      stumble. 

Tether,  etc.  Something  used  to  check  or  confine.  See  Release- 
Prison. 

Trammel.     That  which  limits  freedom  or  activity. 

Turnpike.    A  gate  set  across  a  road  to  stop  travelers  until  toll  is  paid. 

Turnstile.  A  wooden  frame  or  gate  at  the  entrance  of  a  building  or 
passage. 

Wall.     A  structure  of  stone  or  brick  for  defense  or  security. 

Weir.     An  artificial  obstruction  placed  in  a  stream  to  raise  the  water. 

Wet  blanket.     A  discouragement  or  damper. 

Obstruction — Verbs. 

Act  as  a  drag.     To  hinder. 

Antevert.     To  prevent. 

Avert.     To  cause  to  turn  off. 

Baffle.     To  frustrate  or  defeat. 

Balk.     To  frustrate  01  baffle 

Bar.     To  hinder;  obstruct;  prevent. 

Barricade.     To  fortify  in  order  to  check  the  advance  of  an  enemy. 

Be  in  the  way  of.     To  obstruct  the  passage. 

Belay.     To  obstruct  or  block  up. 

Block.     To  obstruct. 


HELP — Verbs — Continued. 


Block  the  way.1  -, 

Block  up.  i  To  Prevent  Passage. 


:  up, 

Bolt.     To  close  by  means  of  bolts. 
Break  in  upon.     To  rush  upon. 
Check.     To  restrain. 

Choke.     To  obstruct  by  filling  up  a  passage. 
Circumvent.     To  deceive ;  delude. 

Clip  the  wings  of.      To  cut  the  feathers  of  birds  to  prevent  their  flight. 
Clog.     To  obstruct  a  passage  so  as  to  hinder  motion. 
Clog  the  wheel.     To  check  the  motion  of. 
Contravene.     To  oppose. 
Counteract.     To  work  in  opposition  to. 
Countercheck.     To  stop  or  check  by  some  obstacle. 
Cramp.      To  confine;  impede;  check. 
Cripple,  etc.     To  deprive  of  activity  or  use.     See  Bettirment-De* 

terioration 
Cross  the  path  of.     To  obstruct. 
Cumber.     To  hinder  by  a  weight  or  burden. 
Cut  off.     To  obstruct  approach  to. 

Cut  the  ground  from  under  one.     To  take  away  all  support. 
Damp.     To  dishearten. 

Dam  up,  etc.     To  obstruct  the  flow  of.     See  Aperture-Closure. 
Debar.     To  exclude  or  shut  out. 

Defeat,  etc      To  overcome;  render  null  and  void.     See  Success. 
Discommode.     To  trouble;  inconvenience. 
Discompose.     To  interfere  with ;  annoy. 
Disconcert.     To  frustrate  ;  annoy. 
Discountenance.      To  refuse  to  support. 
Dishearten,  etc.     To  discourage ;  depress.     See  Motive-Dehorta- 

tion. 
Draw  off.     To  withdraw. 
Drive  into  a  corner.     To  drive  into  a  position  which  necessitates 

surrender. 
Embarrass.     To  put  into  a  difficult  position. 
Encumber.     To  weigh  down;  obstruct. 
Estop.     To  impede  the  progress  of,  as  in  law. 
Fall  foul  of.     To  make  an  attack  upon. 
Foil.     To  frustrate. 

Foreclose.     To  stop;  exclude;  prevent. 
Forefend.     To  hinder;  prevent  the  approach  of. 
Frustrate.     To  baffle;  disappoint;  succeed  in  obstructing. 
Hamper.     To  hinder. 
Hang  like  a  millstone  round  one's  neck.     To  impede ;  trouble ;  annoy. 

Hedz*  round  \  ^°  surrourl(i  or  P^ce  in  a  difficult  position. 
Hinder.     To  keep  from  action,  motion,  etc. 


Help.     To  furnish  with  means  of  assistance  when  in  distress;  aid; 

assist. 
Help  a  lame  dog  over  a  stile.     To  give  assistance  when  in  need  or  ■ 

difficulty. 
Hold  a  hand.  \  T      . , 

Hold  a  helping  hand./  1o  aia- 
Holdup.     To  support;  sustain. 
Humor.     To  help  or  assist  by  favoring  treatment. 
Keep  in  countenance.     To  preserve  in  an  assured  condition. 
Lend  a  hand.  IT    ,    . 

Lend  a  helping  hand.  J  10  nelp* 
Lend  one's  aid.     To  give  one's  assistance. 
Lend  one's  countenance  to.     To  give  one's  assent  to. 
Lend  oneself  to.     To  give  oneself  in  support  to. 
Lend  wings  to.     To  hasten. 

Make  interest  for.     To  work  to  the  advantage  of  another. 
Manure.     To  fertilize  or  enrich. 
Minister  to.     To  supply  with  needs. 

Nourish.     To  sustain ;  supply  with  necessaries  for  subsistence 
Nurse.     To  nourish;  cherish;  care  for. 
Nurture.     To  train  with  a  fostering  care. 
Oblige.     To  accommodate. 

Pander  to.     To  minister  to  the  evil  designs  or  lusts  of  another. 
Patronize.     To  support;  maintain:  often  in  an  unfavorable  sense. 
Pay  the  piper.     To  satisfy  any  demand,  usually  unwillingly. 
Press  into  service.     To  compel  to  serve. 
Promote.     To  advance ;  further. 
Prop.     To  support;  prevent  from  falling. 
Pull  through.     To  help  through  a  difficulty. 
Push  forward.!  T 


assist. 


Put  forward. 

Put  out  to  nurse.     To  bring  up  or  foster. 

Quicken.     To  hasten ;  incite. 

Recruit.     To  supply  deficiency  or  lack. 

Reinforce.     To  strengthen  with  new  forces,  aid,  or  assistance. 

Relieve.     To  free  from  any  burden,  trouble,  or  the  like. 

Render  a  service,  etc.     To  give  assistance.     See  Usefulness. 

Rescue.     To  deliver  from  danger,  trouble,  or  the  like. 

Second.     To  assist;  encourage. 

Serve.     To  assist  as  an  inferior. 

Set  agoing.     To  start  moving. 

Set  forward.     To  urge  on. 

Set  on  one's  legs.     To  give  aid  to. 

Setup.     To  erect;  establish. 

Shine  upon.     To  favor;  encourage. 

Side  with,  etc.     To  embrace  the  opinions  of  another.     See  AntaO 

onism-Concurrence. 
Smile  upon.     To  express  approval  of. 
Smooth  the  bed  of  death.     To  help  in  the  last  extremity 
Speed.     To  hasten. 
Squire.     To  wait  upon,  as  a  squire. 
Standby.     To  defend;  support;  not  to  desert. 
Stick  up.     Not  to  forsake. 
Stick  up  for.     To  defend. 
Stretch  out  a  hand.  t~      -.„•,»*„ 

Stretch  out  a  helping  hand.)  To  ^ve  aid  to' 
Subminister  to.     To  supply. 
Subscribe  to.     To  assent;  agree. 

Subserve,  etc.     To  assist  forward;  promote.     See  Instrumentality 
Succor.     To  relieve;  assist;  help. 
Suckle.     To  nurse  at  the  breast. 
Supply  aid  to.     See  Nouns. 

Support.     To  uphold;  aid;  furnish  what  is  necessary  for  life. 
Sustain.     To  maintain;  support;  nourish. 
Take  by  the  hand      To  assist;  help. 
Take  care  of,  etc.     See  Carefulness. 
Take  in  hand.     To  lend  one's  assistance  to. 
Take  in  tow.     To  assist  in  promoting. 
Take  up  the  cause  of.     To  aid  another  in  a  cause. 
Take  up  the  cudgels  for.     To  support. 
Tend.     To  be  directed  to  some  end. 
Tender  to.     To  offer  to. 
Uphold.     To  support;  assist. 
Wait  on.     To  serve. 
Work  for.     To  perform  service  for. 

H  e  lp — A  djectives. 
Accessory.     Aiding  in  producing  some  effect. 
Adjuvant.     Helping;  assisting. 
Aiding,  etc      Assisting,  helping. 
Amicable.     Friendly. 


OBSTRUCTION. 


723 


OBTESTATION. 


OBSTRUCTION— HELP—  Continued 


OBSTRUCTION— Verbs— Continued. 

Hustle.     To  handle  roughly;  eject  forcibly. 

Impede.     To  stop  in  progress. 

Impedite.     To  impede. 

Incommode.     To  inconvenience. 

Incumber.     To  burden,  as  with  a  load. 

Inhibit, etc.  To  check;  hinder;  hold  in  restraint.  See  Leave-Pro- 
hibition. 

Intercept.     To  stop  on  the  passage ;  obstruct  the  progress  of. 

Interclude.     To  shut  out;  intercept 

Interfere.     To  enter  into  the  affairs  of  another. 

Intermeddle,  etc.     To  interfere  officiously.     See  Activity. 

Interpose.     To  thrust  in ;  intrude  as  an  objection. 

Interrupt.     To  stop  or  check  the  progress  of. 

Keep  off.     To  restrain. 

Lay  a  wet  blanket  on.     To  dampen;  discourage. 

Let.     To  retard  or  hinder  by  obstacles. 

Load  with.     To  weigh  down  with 

Lock.     To  close  or  fasten  with  lock  and  key. 

Lock  the  wheel.     To  prevent  the  wheel  from  rotating. 

Lumber.     To  put  in  a  disorderly  heap. 

Mar.     To  spoil. 

Nip  in  the  bud.     To  destroy  in  the  beginning. 

Obstruct.     To  hinder,  with  the  idea  of  prevention. 

Obviate.     To  make  clear  of;  prevent  by  interception. 

Oppose,  etc.     To  resist;  hinder;  obstruct.     See  Antagonism. 

Overlay.     To  oppress  by  laying  on  too  great  weight. 

Overload.     To  put  too  great  weight  on. 

Override.     To  annul  or  set  aside. 

Preclude.     To  shut  out  by  an  anticipated  action. 

Prevent.     To  hinder;  obstruct  entirely. 

Put  an  extinguisher  on.     To  put  out. 

Put  a  spoke  in  the  wheel.  To  fasten  a  wheel  with  a  contrivance  so 
as  to  cause  it  to  slide. 

Put  a  stop  to.     To  prevent  activity. 

Put  on  the  brake,  etc.  To  impede  or  obstruct  by  means  of  a  brake. 
See  Nouns. 

Put  to  inconvenience.     To  hinder. 

Restrict.     To  restrain. 

Retard.     To  delay;  hinder. 

Run  foul  of.     To  rush  upon  with  haste. 

Saddle  with.     To  load  down;  encumber. 

Scotch  the  wheel.     To  prevent  a  wheel  from  rotating. 

Shackle,  etc.  To  bind  or  confine,  so  as  to  obstruct.  See  Release- 
Restraint. 

Slacken.     To  check;  repress. 

Snub.     To  rebuke  or  check  with  a  short  biting  remark. 

Spike  guns,  etc.  To  render  guns  useless  by  driving  a  spike  or  nail 
into  the  touch-hole.     See  Usefulness-Uselessnbss. 

Spoil.     To  render  useless 

Spoil  sport.     To  place  obstacles  in  the  way  of  players. 

Stand  in  the  way  of.     To  obstruct  a  person's  passage. 

Stave  off.     To  push  off. 

Stay.     To  hinder;  restrain. 

Stop.     To  hinder  or  obstruct  officiously. 

Stop  the  way.     To  prevent  passage. 

Take  the  wind  out  of  one's  sails.     To  check  one's  progress. 

Throw  a  wet  blanket  on.     To  discourage;  dampen. 

Throw  cold  water  on.     To  check  the  enthusiasm  of. 

Thwart.     To  oppose  successfully;  frustrate. 

Tie  one's  hands.     To  make  a  person  helpless. 

Trammel.     To  shackle;  hamper. 

Traverse.     To  obstruct;  thwart. 

Turn  aside.     To  compel  one  by  obstruction  to  turn  from  a  path. 

Undermine.     To  ruin  in  an  underhand  or  treacherous  manner. 

Ward  off.     To  keep  off. 

Obstruction— A  djectives. 
Alone.     Apart  from  others. 
Burdensome.     Oppressive-,  heavy  to  be  borne. 


HELP — Adjectives — Continued. 

Ancillary.     Subordinate;  helping. 

At  one's  beck.     Close  at  hand. 

Auxiliary.     Helping;  assisting 

Coadjuvant,  etc.  Assisting;  aiding.  See  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence. 

Favorable.     Inclined  towards;  friendly. 

Friendly      Kindly  disposed  towards. 

Helpful.     Giving  help. 

Ministrant.     Attendant;  serving,  as  a  minister. 

Neighborly.     Living  close  by ;  friendly. 

Obliging,  etc.  Having  the  disposition  to  do  favors;  eager  to  help 
See  Charitableness. 

Propitious.     Fortunate:  lucky;  favorable. 

Subservient.     Serving;  subordinate. 

Subsidiary.     Serving  to  help;  assistant. 

Well-disposed.     Favorable. 


Help — Adverbs,  etc. 


To  one's  interest,  advantage,  or  defense. 


By  the  aid  of,  etc.     "With  the  assistance  of. 

For  the  sake  of.     For  the  advantage  of. 

In  aid  of. 

In  behalf  of. 

In  favor  of. 

In  furtherance  of. 

In  the  name  of. 

In  the  service  of. 

Non  obstante  [L.].     Notwithstanding. 

On  account  of.     To  one's  favor. 

On  behalf  of.     For  the  sake  of. 

On  the  part  of.     To  one's  aid. 

With  the  aid  of,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Help — Interjections. 
Helpl  save  us  I  to  the  rescue! 


See  Nouns. 


OBSTRUCTION— Adjectives— Continued. 

Cumbersome.     Hindering;  burdensome;  h~avy. 

Cumbrous.     Serving  to  hinder  or  obstruct. 

Deserted,  etc.     Forsaken;  left  alone.     See  Quest-Abandonment 

Hard-pressed.     In  a  difficult  position. 

Heavy-laden.     Weighed  down  heavily. 

Hindered,  etc.     Opposed;  obstructed.     See  Verbs. 

Hindering,  etc.     Opposing.     See  Verbs. 

Impedient.     Hindering. 

Jmpeditive.     Obstructive;  causing  hindrance. 

Incommodious.     Inconvenient. 

Intercipient.     Stopping,  intercepting. 

In  the  way  of.     Obstructing. 

Obstructive.      Hindering;  tending  to  obstruct. 

Obstruent.     Obstructing;  blocking  up. 

Obtrusive.     Inclined  to  intrude  uninvited. 

Onerous.     Burdensome;  oppressive. 

Prophylactic,  etc.     Defending  from  disease.     See  Remedy. 

Single-handed.     Alone;  without  assistance. 

Unassisted,  etc.     Without  help  or  assistance.     See  Obstruction. 

Help. 
Unfavorable.     Not  favorable. 

Water-logged.     Rendered  heavy  £..id  clumsy,  like  a  log. 
Wind-bound.     Prevented  from  sailing  by  an  opposing  wind. 

Obstruction — Phrase 
Occurent  nubes  [L.  j\      Clouds  will  intervene. 


ob-struct'-ive .  Tending  to  obstruct.  Antagonist-As- 
sistant, Obstruction-Help. 

ob'-stru-ent.  Causing  obstruction.  Obstruction-Help. 

ob-stu"-pe-fac'-tion.  Stupefaction.  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

obstupui  steteruntque  cemxa  et  vox  jaucibus  kasit  [L.] 
(ob-stiu'-piu-ai  stet-er-unt'-qui  co'-mi  et  vox  fau'-si 
bus  hi'-sit).  I  was  astounded  and  my  hair  stood  on 
end.    Sanguineness-Timidity. 


ob-tain'.  To  get;  to  be  prevalent.  Entity-Nonentity, 
Gain-Loss  ;  obtain  under  false  pretenses,  Theft. 

ob-tain'-a-ble.  Procurable.  Possibility-Impossibil- 
ity. 

ob-tain'-ment.    Acquirement.    Gain-Loss. 

ob-ten"-e-bra'-tion.  A  darkening.  Light- Dark- 
ness. 

ob"-tes-ta'-tion.  Entreaty.  Advice,  Petition-Ex- 
postulation. 


OBTRECTATION. 


724 


OCCUPATION. 


ob"-trec-ta'-tion.  Slander.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment. 

ob-trude'.  To  thrust  into.  Activity-Indolence,  In- 
jection-Ejection. 

ob-trun'-cate.   To  lop.    Length-Shortness. 

ob-tru'-sion.  An  obtruding.  Environment-Inter- 
position, Obstruction-Help. 

ob-tru'-sive.  Tending  to  obtrude.  Environment-In- 
terposition, Obstruction-Help,  Politeness-Im- 
politeness, Taste-Vulgarity. 

ob-tund'.  To  blunt.  Feeling-Insensibility,  Sharp- 
ness-Bluntness,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

obtuse'.  Dull.  Feeling-Insensibility,  Sagacity-In- 
capacity, Sensitiveness -Apathy,  Siiarpness- 
Bluntness;  obtuse  angle,  Angularity. 

ob-tuse'-ness.     Bluntness.     Feeling-Insensibility. 

ob-um-brate.    Overhung.    Light-Darkness. 

ob'-verse.  The  face  of  a  coin.  Anteriority-Pos- 
teriority. 

ob'-vi-ate.  To  prevent  by  interception.  Obstruction- 
Help. 

ob'-vi-ous.  Manifest.  Clearness-Obscurity,  Mani- 
festation-Latency, Visibility-Invisibility; 

occasio  calva  post  est,  jronte  capillato  [L.]  (oc-ke'-sni-o 
cal'-va  post  est,  fron'-ti  cap-il-le'-to).  Opportunity, 
though  she  has  hair  in  front,  is  bald  behind.  Action- 
Passiveness,  Success-Failure. 

occasio  facit  fiircm  [L.]  (oc-ke'-shi-o  fe'-sit  nu'-rem). 
Opportunity  makes  the  thief.  Opportuneness-Un- 
suitableness. 

oc-ca'-sion.  A  juncture;  an  opportunity.  Cause-Ef- 
fect, Condition-Situation,  Opportuneness-Un- 
suitableness;  benefit  the  occasion,  Propriety-Im- 
propriety; have  the  occasion  for,  Need;  on  the 
present  occasion,  Time;  on  the  spur  of  the  occasion, 
Predetermination-Impulse. 

oc_ca'_sion-al.     Occurring  sometimes.  Certainty- 

Doubt. 

oc-ca'-sion-al-ly.    Sometimes.    Frequency-Rarity. 

oc-ca'-sion-er.     Cause.     Cause-Effect. 

Oc"-ci-den'-tal.         Western.  Laterality-Contra- 

position. 

oc'-ci-put.  The  hindhead.  Anteriority-Pc  sterior- 
ity  - 

oc-ci'-sion.     A  killing.     Life-Killing. 

oc-clude'.     To  close.     Aperture-Closure. 

oc-clu'-sion.     A  stopping  up.     Aperture-Closure. 

oc-cult'.  Concealed.  Clearness-Obscurity,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Manifestation-Latency; 
occult  art,  Devotion-Magic. 

•c"-cul-ta'-tion.  Concealment.  Appearance-Disap- 
pearance, Astronomy,  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

oc-cult'-ness.   Concealment.  Manifestation-Latency. 

oc'-cu-pan-cy.  Holding  in  possession.  Holding- 
Exemption,  Presence-Absence. 

oc'-cu-pant.  One  who  occupies.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion, Holder. 

oc"-cu-pa'-tion.  Business.  Occupation,  Presence- 
Absence;  in  the  occupation  of,  Dweller-Habita- 
tion; occupation  road,  Way. 

OCCUPATION. 

Affair.     Something  done  or  to  be  done. 

Agendum  [L.].     A  thing  to  be  done. 

Art.     The  use  of  means  for  the  accomplishment  of  some  desired  end ; 

a  system  of  rules  or  accepted  methods  for  accomplishing  some 

practical  end. 
Avocation.     An  occupation  which  calls  one  away  from  one's  regular 

employment. 
Beat.     A  circuit  or  district  regularly  gone  over  in  the  line  of  duty. 
Berth.     Employment  or  office. 

Business.     That  which  occupies  one's  time  and  attention. 
Calling.     An  employment  to  which  one  is  called  by  a  special  fitness 

or  sense  of  duty. 
Capacity.     Specific  profession  or  occupation. 


Care.     Protection  or  oversight. 

Career.     The  conduct  in  some  calling  in  life. 

Case.      Special  facts  or  conditions  involved  in  a  suit  at  law. 

Charge.     Care  or  custody  of  any  person  or  thing. 

Chargeship.     Office  of  a  charge  a" affairs. 

Cloth.  The  distinguishing  dress  of  any  profession,  especially  of  the 
clergy;  hence,  the  clerical  office. 

Commission.  The  duty  or  office  entrusted  to  the  care  of  any  person 
or  persons. 

Concern.     That  which  relates  to  one. 

Craft.  An  occupation  necessitating  technical  skill  or  manual  dex- 
terity. 

Cue.     A  part  to  be  performed. 

Department.     A  division  or  subdivision  of  business  or  official  duty. 

Duty,  etc.     Any  service  or  business  which  is  assigned.     See  Design. 

Employ.     That  which  engages  one. 

Employment.  That  which  engages  one's  time  or  attention;  occupa 
tion. 

Engagement.     An  engrossing  or  absorbing  occupation. 

Errand.     Special  business  given  into  the  hands  of  a  messenger 

Exercise.     The  performance  of  an  office  or  religious  duty. 

Faculty.     The  ability  to  do  or  perform. 

Field.     Favorable  opportunity  for  action  or  achievement. 

Function.  A  course  of  action  pertaining  peculiarly  to  any  public 
office. 

Handicraft.     An  occupation  requiring  manual  skill. 

Incumbency.     Full  possession  and  exercise  of  an  office  or  benefice. 

Industrial  arts.  Arts  relating  to  the  processes  or  products  of  manu- 
facture or  commercial  production. 

Industry.     A  single  department  of  productive  activity. 

Irons  in  the  fire.     Different  duties  or  objects  of  attention. 

Job.     A  situation ,  an  engagement  to  work. 

Line.     A  department  or  branch  of  mercantile  business. 

Living.     The  benefice  of  a  clergyman. 

Lookout.     An  obiect  of  forethought  or  care. 

Matter.     That  with  which  one  is  concerned;  affair. 

Matter  in  hand.     Business  engaging  one  at  the  present  time. 

Mission.     The  service  with  which  an  agent  or  messenger  is  charged. 

Mystery.     The  business  with  which  one  is  accustomed  to  be  occupied. 

Occupation.     The  chief  business  of  one's  life. 

Office.     A  position  of  authority  and  trust. 

Orb.     Sphere  of  action. 

Part.     That  which  falls  to  one ;  duty;  office. 

Place.     A  position  occupied  by  one. 

Post.     A  position  or  office. 

Press  of  business,  etc.     Rush  of  business.     See  Activity. 

Profession.  The  occupation,  if  not  agricultural,  mechanical,  or  the 
like,  which  one  follows. 

Province.     The  proper  business  or  office  of  a  person  or  order. 

Pursuit,  etc.     Continued  business  or  employment.     See  Quest. 

Race.     Course  of  life ;  career. 

Role  [F.].     A  part  or  function  played  by  any  one. 

Round.  A  series  of  duties  or  tasks  to  be  performed  in  regular  order 
and  then  repeated. 

Routine.     A  regular  or  habitual  course  of  action. 

Service,  etc.  Duty  performed  or  required.  See  Liberty-Sub- 
jection. 

Situation.     Steady  employment  or  position. 

Sphere.     Range  of  action ;  employment. 

Task.     Duty  assigned;  undertaking. 

Thing  to  do.     Work. 

Trade,  etc.     The   business   of  exchanging  commodities.     See   Ex 

CHANGE. 

Undertaking.     Any  business  or  project  engaged  in  by  a  person. 

Vocation.     Destined  employment  or  calling. 

Walk.     Course  of  action. 

Walk  of  life.     Vocation. 

What  one  is  about.  |  ot;on 

What  one  is  doing. ) 

Work, etc.     Employment;  physical  labor.     See  Action. 

Occupation — Verbs. 

Act.     To  exert  power  or  perform  an  office  or  duty. 

Act  one's  part.     To  fulfil  one's  duties 

Attend  to  business.      \  To  ^  engaged  in  one's  employment. 

Attend  to  one's  work.  > 

Be  about.     To  attend  to  one's  business. 

Bear  the  burden.     To  sustain  business  responsibilities. 

Be  at  work  on.     To  be  busy  with. 

Be  doing.     To  work. 

Be  employed  in.  j  Tq  be  d  in  a  particular  task. 

Be  engaged  in.    ) 

Be  in  the  hands  of.     To  have  work  to  do. 

Be  occupied  with.     To  be  busy. 


OCCUPATION. 


725 


OCCU  RRE  NCE— DESTI N  Y. 


Be  on  the  anvil.     To  be  in  the  formative  state,  but  not  matured. 
Be  on  the  stocks.     To  be  well  on  the  way  in  the  process  of  making. 
Betake  oneself  to.     To  engage  in. 

_,      '        .      •      '    t  To  be  engaged  in  a  particular  work.     See  Nouns, 
Carry  on  business.  J 

Concern  oneself  with.     To  be  engaged  in. 

Discharge  the  duties  of.       ~\ 

Discharge  the  functions  of.  >To  do  a  particular  line  of  work. 

Discharge  the  office  of.        ) 

o  a  tr a  e.    I  <j*o  be  occupied  with  one's  work.     See  Nouns. 
Do  business.-* 
Do  duty.     To  work. 

Drive  a  trade.     To  be  engaged  in  a  particular  line  of  work. 
Employ  oneself  in.        | 
Employ  oneself  upon.  >To  work  upon. 
Employ  one's  time  in.) 

Enter  a  profession.     To  take  up  the  work  of  one's  life.     See  Nouns. 
Fill  an  office.     To  perform  the  duties  pertaining  to  the  office. 

Fill  a  place.        \  Tohe  assigned  to  a  duty. 

Fill  a  situation.) 

Have  in  hand.     To  be  occupied  with. 

Have  one's  hands  full,    etc.     To    be    pressed    with    business.     See 

Activity. 
Have  one's  hands  in.     To  be  accustomed  to  a  particular  business. 
Have  on  one's  hands.     To  have  in  one's  care. 
Have  on  one's  shoulders.     To  bear  the  responsibility  of. 
Have  to  do  with,  etc.     To  be  concerned  with.     See  Action. 

Hold  an  office.  I  To  do  a  particular  work.     See  Nouns. 

Hold  a  place.    > 

Hold  a  portfolio.     To  perform  the  functions  of  a  minister  of  state  or 

member  of  the  cabinet. 
Hold  a  situation.     See  Nouns. 
Keep  a  shop.     To  be  in  business  on  a  small  scale. 
Labor  in  one's  vocation.     To  be  engaged  in  one's  life-work.     See 

Nouns. 
Make  it  one's  business.     To  devote  one's  time  to.     See  Nouns. 
Occupy  oneself  with.     To  be  busy  with. 

Officiate.     To  condxict  the  business  of  an  office  or  public  trust. 
Pass  one's  time  in.     To  work  upon. 
Pass  through  one's  hands.     To  transact  business. 
Perform  the  duties  of.       |  To  do  the  work  connected  with  a  particu- 
Perform  the  functions  of.  V     .        , 
Perform  the  office  of.        j      lar  pIace" 
Play  one's  part.     To  perform  the  duty  assigned  to  one. 
Ply  one's  task.     To  diligently  perform  one's  duty  or  office. 
Ply  one's  trade.     To  work  diligently  at  one's  trade  or  occupation. 
Pursue  the  even  tenor  of  one's  way.     To  preserve  the  golden  mean  in 

all  the  affairs  of  life. 
Serve.     To  work  in  behalf  of. 
Spend  one's  time  in.     To  engage  in  work. 


Transact  a  trade.     To  carry  on  or  perform  a  trade. 

Transact  business.     To  do  business. 

Turn  one's  hand  to.     To  engage  in  or  apply  oneself  to. 

Undertake,  etc.     To  set  about  or  take  in  hand.     See  Enterprise. 

Occupation — Adjectives. 

Acting.     Doing  duty  in  place  of  another. 
Afoot.     In  active  operation. 

Business-like.     According  to  right  business  methods. 
Busy,  etc.     Occupied  with  work  or  serious  affairs,  etc.     See  Activ- 
ity. 
Functional.     Pertaining  to  a  duty  or  function. 
Going  on.     Doing  or  proceeding. 
Industrial.     Of  or  pertaining  to  occupations. 
In  hand.     In  the  course  of  transaction. 
In  one's  hands.     In  one's  possession  or  at  one's  risk. 
Official.     Relating  to  an  office  or  public  trust. 
On  foot.     In  operation. 
On  hand.     In  immediate  possession. 
On  one's  bands.     In  one's  care. 

On  the  anvil.     In  a  formative  or  immature  state  or  condition. 
Professional.     Relating  to  a  profession  or  calling. 
Work-a-day.     Week-day  or  work-day. 

Occupation — Adverbs ,  etc. 

All  in  one  day's  work. 
In  the  course  of  business. 

Professionally.  Relations  to  one's  business  or  profession.  See  Ad' 
jectives. 

oc'-cu-pied.  Employed.  Activity  -  Indolence  ;  oc- 
cupied by,  Dweller-Habitation  ;  occupied  with, 
Heed-Disregard,  Occupation. 

oc'-cu-pi"-er.  A  tenant.  Dweller-Habitation, 
Holder. 

oc'-cu-py.  To  employ;  to  hold.  Holding-Exemp- 
tion, Presence-Absence  ;  occupy  a  post,  Rule- 
License;  occupy  oneself  with,  Heed-Disregard, 
Occupation;  occupy  the  chair,  Management;  oc- 
cupy the  mind,  Heed-Disregard,  Reflection- 
Vacancy;  occupy  time,  Duration-Neverness. 

oc'-cu-py"-ing.     Holding.     Presence- Absence. 

oc-cur'.  To  happen.  Entity-Nonentity,  Occur- 
rence-Destiny; occur  in  a  place,  Presence-Ab- 
sence ;  occur  to  the  mind,  Reflection-Vacancy. 

oc-cur'-rence.  A  happening.  Occurrence-Destiny; 
of  daily  occurrence,  Habit-Desuetude. 


OCCURRENCE—  DESTI  NY. 


Accident.    Anything  that  happens  unexpectedly  or  undesignedly. 

Advent.     A  coming  event. 

Adventure.     An  exciting  experience  coming  unexpectedly. 

Affair.     That  which  is  done  or  is  to  be  done 

Affairs.     Business  of  any  kind. 

Affairs  in  general.      Usual  proceedings  or  actions. 

Business.     That  which  engages  the  time,  labor,  or  attention  of  any 

one. 
Casualty.     A  fatal  chance  or  occurrence. 
Chapter  of  accidents.      Chance.     See  Rationale-Luck. 
Circumstance.     That  which  in  some  way  affects  a  fact  or  event. 
Concern.     That  which  affects  the  welfare  or  happiness. 
Consequence.     A  result. 
Contingency.     Possibility  of  happening. 


Course  of  events. 


A  series  of  happenings. 


Course  of  things. 

Crisis.     A  decisive  point. 

Current  of  events.      A  series  of  connected  events. 

Current  of  things.      The  progress  of  affa;^. 

Doings.     Anything  done. 

Emergency.     An  unexpected  turn  in  circumstances. 

Event.     That  which  happens. 

Eventuality.     A  possible  or  a  consequential  event. 

Fact.     An  effect  produced  or  achieved. 

Incident.     A  minor  occurrence. 

Life.     A  certain  way  or  manner  of  living  with  respect  to  conditions, 

circumstances,  etc. 
March  of  events.  j  The  cQurse  m  onward  movement  of  affairs. 
March  of  things.  > 

Matter  of  fact.     An  actual  occurrence. 
Naked  fact.     A  fact  without  addition  or  exaggeration. 


After  life.     Existence  after  death. 
Destiny.     The  end  toward  which  anything  is  going. 
Everlasting  death.     The  lot  of  the  wicked  after  death. 
Everlasting  life.     The  condition  of  the  sanctified  after  death. 

Fut        <;tat  *  J  ^e  contiit^on  or  state  of  mortals  after  death. 

Futurity.     The  state  of  being  in  time  to  come. 

Next  world.     The  world  after  death. 

Postexistence.     That  part  of  life  which  has  been  lived. 

Prospect.     Foresight.    See  Expectation. 

World  to  come.     The  existence  after  theexistence  of  this  world. 

Destiny —  Verbs. 
Approach.     To  come  near. 
Await.     To  be  reserved  for. 
Come  on.     To  be  about  to  occur. 
Doom.     To  preordain  to  an  evil  lot. 
Foreordain.     To  determine  beforehand. 
Impend.     To  hang  over;  be  nearly  upon. 
Loom.     To  rise  gradually  into  view. 

pSriSta/} To  ai,po!nt  ^f°-hand- 

Threaten.     To  express  intentions  to  do  something  disagreeable. 

Destiny —  Verbal  Expressions. 
Hangover;  have  in  store  for;  lie  over;  stare  one  in  the  face. 

Destiny — A  djectives. 
About  to  be.         "I 

About  to  happen.  [-Coming  to  pass  almost  immediately. 
At  hand.  ) 


OCCURRENCE. 


726 


OCEAN— LAND. 


OCCURRENCE— DESTINY— Continued, 


Occurrence.     An  incident  or  event. 

Order  of  the  day.     The  special  business  appointed  for  a  specified  day. 

Particular.     An  individual  fact  or  circumstance. 

Pass.     The  state  of  things 

Passage.     Change  from  one  state  to  another. 

Phenomenon.     An  unusual  happening 

Proceeding.     A  measure  or  step  taken  in  the  course  of  business. 

Run  of  events.  \  The  counje    £  dure. 

Run  of  things.  > 

Situation.     Position  as  regards  the  condition  and  circumstances.    See 

Condition-Situation. 
State  of  affairs.     The  circumstances  or  condition  of  things. 

Stream  of  events.!  movement  of  affairs. 

Stream  of  things  J 

The  times.     The  period  at  which  any  definite  event  occurred. 

The  world.     The  sum  of  human  affairs  and  interests. 

Things.     Transactions  or  occurrences. 

Things  in  general.     The  sum  of  passing  events. 

("The  progress  of  affairs,  "  which  taken  at  the  flood 
5  on  to  fortune."    [Shakespeare,  Julius  Ctesar, 


(  1  he  prog 
'  <      leads  or 
M      V.  in.] 


Tide  of  events. 
Tide  of  things. 

Transaction.     That  which  is  done 
Ups  and  downs  of  life.     Alternate  states  of  conditions  or  circumstan- 
ces in  life 

Occurrence — Verbs. 

Arise.     To  come  into  existence. 

Arrive.     To  come. 

Bechance.     To  happen  by  chance. 

Befall.     To  come  by  accident. 

Betide.     To  come  upon ;  to  happen. 

Come.     To  be  brought  about. 

Effect .     To  bring  about 

Encounter.     To  meet. 

Endure.     To  undergo      See  Feeling. 

Ensue.     To  follow 

Eventuate.     Come  to  pass,  to  result. 

Experience.     To  undergo. 

Fall.     To  befall ;  take  place 

Find.     To  come  upon  accidentally. 

Happen.     To  take  place 

Hold.     To  occupy  the  time. 

Issue.     To  end  or  terminate ,  result 

Occur.     To  happen. 

Pass.     To  happen. 

Prove.     To  come  to  pass 

Run.     To  occur  or  be  found. 

Start.     To  begin. 

Supervene.     To  happen  in  addition .  happen 

Undergo.     To  pass  through. 

Occurrence — Verbal  Expressions. 

Become  of;  be  one's  chance;  be  one's  fortune;  be  one's  lot;  be  on 
foot;  castup;  come  about;  come  forth;  come  into  existence;  come 
off;  come  on;  come  round;  come  to  pass;  crop  up;  draw  on;  fall 
in;  fallout;  fall  to  the  lot  of;  go  through;  meet  with;  pass  off ; 
pass  through;  present  itself;  spring  up;  take  effect;  take  its  course; 
take  place;  turnout;  turnup. 

Occurrence — A  djectives . 

Afloat.     In  circulation. 

At  issue.     Undecided. 

Bustling.     Characterized  by  confused  activity 

Current.     In  circulation. 

Doing      Taking  place. 

Eventful.     Rich  in  events  or  incidents. 

Full  of  incident.     Full  of  events 

Going  on.     Happening. 

oc-cur'-sion.     A  meeting.     Impetus-Reaction. 


DESTINY— Adjectives— Continued. 

Brewing.     In  preparation. 

Close  at  hand.     About  to  happen  in  a  very  short  time. 

Coming.     Going  to  be  present  at  some  future  time. 

Destined.     Determined  for  the  future. 

Forthcoming.     About  to  appear. 

Going  to  happen.     About  to  take  place. 

Hanging  over  one's  head.     Almost  ready  to  happen. 

Imminent.     Likely  to  befall  very  soon. 

Impending.     Almost  sure  to  happen  at  some  uncertain  time. 

In  embryo.     In  its  earliest  stage. 

In  prospect.     Contemplated.     See  Expectation. 

In  reserve.     Retained  for  future  use. 

Instant.     About  to  occur  at  once. 

In  store.     Ready  or  prepared  for  future  use. 

In  the  wind.     Astir. 

In  the  womb  of  futurity.  1  ^  lt-  ,    .  .     t  * 

In  the  womb  of  time.       )  Gettmg  ready  to  appear  at  a  future  t,m0- 

Looming  in  the  distance. "| 

Looming  in  the  future.      /-Giving  remote  indications  of  happening, 

Looming  in  the  horizon.  J 

Hear.  \  , 

Near  at  hand.) 

On  the  cards.     Likely  to  happen. 

Overhanging.     Imminent. 

Pregnant.     About  to  appear.    See  Creation. 

Preparing.     Getting  ready  to  happen. 

To  come.     Future. 

That  win  be**  1  Thou8ht  of  **  being. in  the  future- 
Unborn.     Having  not  yet  occurred. 

Destiny — Adverbs,  etc. 
All  in  good  time.     At  the  proper  time. 
As  chance  would  have  it.     Accidentally. 
Eventually.     Finally.     See  Occurrence. 
In  the  long  run.     As  the  average  of  a  long  series  of  events. 
In  time.     After  the  lapse  of  time. 
Whatever  may  happen.     Regardless  of  events.     See  Certaintt. 


Not  far  off  in  time. 


OCCURRENCE— Adjectives— Continued. 

Happening.     Taking  place. 

Incidental.     Occurring  as  minor  to  something  else. 

In  question.     Under  examination. 

In  the  wind.     Rumored,  impending. 

On  foot.     Astir,  begun. 

On  the  tapis.     Under  consideration 

Occurrence — Adverbs,  etc. 

As  it  may  happen.     Depending  on  chance. 

As  it  may  turn  out.     Depending  on  the  result. 

As  the  cat  jumps.     Depending  on  the  turn  of  affairs. 

As  the  tree  falls.     By  chance. 

As  the  world  goes.     Conforming  to  the  present  condition*. 

As  the  world  wags.     In  a  time-serving  manner. 

As  things  go.  j  Considering  the  conditions  of  the  times. 

As  times  go.  ) 

Eventually.     Finally. 

In  case.     If  it  happen  that. 

In  the  course  of  things.     During  the  progress  of  events. 

In  the  event  of.     In  case 

In  the  natural  course  of  things.   J  ,f  n<Jth.      unusual  happen8. 

In  the  ordinary  course  of  things.  > 

The  plot  thickens.     The  conspiracy  becomes  more  fully  developed. 

o'-cean.       The   sea.       Ocean-Land;    plow  the  ocean, 
Wayfarer-Skafarer. 


OCEAN— LAND. 


Billows.      Great  waves  or  swells  on  the  ocean ;  the  ocean  itself. 

Brine.     The  sea  water;  the  ocean 

Deep.     The  sea-  ocean. 

Great  waters.     The  ocean 

High  seas.     The  waters  of  the  ocean  be/ond  those  assigned  to  the 

nations 
Main.     The  ocean 
Ocean.     A  great  tract  of  salt  water 
Offing.     That  portion  of  the  sea  at  such  a  distance  from  the  shore  as 

to  have  deep  water 


Acres.     The  extent  of  measured  land 

Alluvion.     Earthy  matter  deposited  by  floods. 

Alluvium.     Deposits  of  earthy  matter  where  the  flow  of  watei 

checked 
Bank.     The  rising  ground  bordering  a  lake,  river,  or  sea 
Beach.     The  shore  of  the  sea.  or  of  a  lake,  washed  by  the  waves 
Clay.     Soft  earth 

ri°?*f  A  lumpy  clayey  mass  of  earth. 
Coast.     The  seashore,  or  land  near  it. 


OCEAN. 


727 


ODD. 


OCEAN— LAN  D— Continued. 


Salt  water.     The  briny  water  of  the  ocean ;  the  ocean  itself. 

Sea.     The  body  of  salt  water  covering  the  larger  part  of  the  earth's 

surface ;  the  ocean. 
Tide,  etc.     The  alternate  rising  and  falling  of  the  waters  of  the  ocean. 

See  River. 
Vasty  deep.     The  ocean. 
Waters.     A  body  of  waters  such  as  the  sea. 
Watery  waste.     The  ocean. 
Wa  /es.     The  sea ;  waters  in  general. 

Ocean — Scientific  Nouns. 
Hydrographer.     One  who  makes  charts  pertaining  to  navigation. 
Hydrography.     The  science  of  making  charts  pertaining  to  naviga- 
tion 

Ocean — Figurative  Nouns. 

Dolphin.     A  large  fish,  emblematic  of  the  ocean. 

Naiad.     A  water-nymph  presiding  over  rivers  and  brooks. 

Neptune.     The  god  of  the  seas. 

Nereid.     A  sea-nymph  one  of  the  daughters  of  Nereus  and  Doris. 

Sea-nymph.     A  female  divinity  of  the  sea. 

Siren.     A  sea-nymph,  half  woman,  half  bird,  drawing  travelers  to 

them  by  their  sweet  singing  to  destroy  them. 
Thetis.     A  sea-nymph. 

Trident.     The  three-pronged  fork,  the  emblem  of  Neptune. 
Triton.     A  sea-god,  the  son  of  Neptune. 

O  c  e  a  n — A  djecttves, 
Cotidal.     Simultaneity  in  tides. 

Hydrographic.     Relating  to  maritime  maps  or  charts. 
Marine.     Pertaining  to  the  ocean. 
Maritime.     Pertaining  to  the  sea ;  marine. 
Oceanic.     Like  to  or  pertaining  to  the  ocean. 

pe.  g!      *  |  Pertaining  to  the  deep  sea. 

Sea-going.      Pertaining  to  a  vessel  going  out  on  the  ocean  or  deep  sea. 

Ocean — Adverbs,  etc. 
Afloat.      In  a  floating  state . 
At  sea.      Upon  the  ocean. 
On  sea.     Upon  the  sea. 


LAND — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  a 

Landed.     Having  or  owning  land. 

Littoral.      Pertaining  to  the  shore. 

Midland.     Pertaining  to  the  interior  country. 

Predial.     Consisting  of  land. 

Riparian.     Pertaining  to  the  river -bank. 

Terrene,  etc.     Pertaining  to  the  earth.     See  Universb. 

TerritoiiaL     Pertaining  to  a  territory. 

Land — Adverbs,  etc. 
Ashore.     ") 

On  land.     V  Upon  the  shore. 
Onshore.  J 


Continent      One  of  the  grand  divisions  of  land  on  the  glob©. 

Crag.     A  steep,  rugged  rock. 

Delta.     An  alluvial  deposit  at  the  mouth  of  a  river. 

Derelict.     Land  gained  by  the  withdrawing  of  the  sea. 

Dry  land.     The  land  not  covered  by  water. 

Earth.     The  solid  portion  of  the  globe. 

Glebe.     A  tract  of  church  land. 

Ground.     The  firm,  solid  portion  of  the  earth. 

Highland,  etc.     Elevated  or  mountainous  land.    See  Height. 

Innings.     Land  recovered  from  the  sea. 

Iron-bound  shore.     The  rugged,  broken  land  along  tne  sea. 

Isthmus.     A  narrow  neck  of  land  joining  two  larger  bodies  of  land. 

Land.     That  portion  of  the  earth  not  covered  by  water. 

Landsman.     One  who  lives  on  the  land. 

Lea.     Meadow  land. 

Loam.     An  earthy  mixture  of  clay  and  sand. 

Loom  of  the  land.     The  rise  of  the  land  above  the  surrounding  coun- 
try. 

Mainland.     The  continent. 

Marl.     A  peculiar  earth  used  for  fertilizing. 

Mold.     Earthy  material 

Neck  of  land.     A  long  narrow  tract  of  land  projecting  from  a  main 
body. 

Oasis.     A  fertile  spot  of  land  in  a  desert. 

Peninsula.     A  portion  of  land  projecting  into  the  water. 

Promontory.     A  high  cape.     See  Convexity. 

Real  estate.     Property  in  houses  and  lands.     See  Property. 

Rock.     A  large  mass  of  stony  material. 

Scar.     A  bare  detached  rock. 

Sea-bank.     The  seashore. 

Sea-beach.     A  beach  lying  along  the  sea. 

Sea-board.     The  land  bordering  on  the  sea. 

Sea-coast.     The  shore  of  the  land  adjacent  to  the  sea. 

Sea-side.     The  land  bordering  on  the  sea. 

Shore.     The  land  bordering  along  the  ocean. 

Soil.     The  upper  stratum  of  the  earth. 

Strand.     The  beach  of  the  sea. 

Sub-soil.     The  bed  of  earth  which  lies  immediately  beneath  tl\«  sur- 
face soil. 

Terra  firma  [L.].     The  solid  land. 

Tongue  of  land.     A  long,  narrow  neck  of  land  projecting  into  the 
water. 

Land — Verbs. 


Come  ashore.) 


To  come  to  land. 


Go  ashore. 

Come  to  land.     To  go  on  land. 

Land.     To  go  on  firm  ground  from  the  sea. 

Set  foot  on  dry  land.)  T   .      , 

Set  foot  on  the  soil.  J  *  ° iana" 

Land — Adjectivos. 
Alluvial.     Pertaining  to  earthy  matter  deposited  by  rivers. 
Continental.     Pertaining  to  the  continent. 
Earthy.     Like  earth;  pertaining  to  the  earth. 

{Continued  on  Column  t .) 


o"-ce-an'-ic.     Pertaining  to  the  ocean.     Ocean-Land. 

O-ce'-a-nus.     God  of  the  waters.     Jove-Fiend. 

o'-cher.  A  brownish-yellow  pigment.  Blueness- 
Orange,  Gray-Brown;  yellow  ocher,  Yellowness- 
Purple. 

o'-cher-ous.     Like  ocher.     Blueness-Orange. 

och-loc'-ra-cy.     Mob  rule.     Rule-License. 

o'-clock'.  By  the  clock.  Chronology-Anachro- 
nism; know  what's  o'clock,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

oc'-ta-gon.     A  figure.     Angularity. 

oc'-ta-he"-dron.  An  eight-sided  solid.  Angularity, 
Mineralogy. 

oc'-tant.  An  eighth  part  of  a  circle.  Angularity, 
Whole-Part. 

Cc'-ta-teuch.  The  first  eight  books  of  the  Bible. 
Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

oc'-tave.  An  interval  of  seven  degrees.  Melody-Dis- 
sonance. 

oc-ta'-vo.  Folded  into  eight  leaves.  Missive-Pub- 
lication. 

Oc-to'-ber.  The  tenth  month  of  the  year;  earlier,  the 
eighth.     Periodicity-Irregularity. 


oc"-to-dec'-i-mo.  Folded  into  eighteen  leaves.  Mis- 
sive-Publication. 

oc'-to-fid.  Cleft  into  eight  divisions.  Five-Quinqtje- 
section. 

oc'-to-ge-na"-ri-an.  A  person  eighty  years  old.  In- 
fant-Veteran. 

oc"-to-roon'.  An  eighth-blooded  person.  Mixture- 
Homogeneity. 

oc"-troi.     A  tax.     Price-Discount. 

oc'-tu-ple.      Having  eight  parts.      Five-Quinquesec- 

TION. 

oc'-u-lar.  Pertaining  to  the  eyes.  Sight-Blind- 
ness; ocular  demonstration,  Sight-Blindness,  Visi- 
bility-Invisibility; ocular  inspection,  Sight-Blind- 
ness. 

oculis  subfecta  fideltbus  [L.]  (oc'-yu-lis  sub-jec'-ta 
fid-el'-i-bus) .  Under  one's  faithful  eyes.  Visibility- 
Invisibility. 

oc'-u-Ust.     An  eye-doctor.     Remedy-Bane. 

o'-da-lisk.     A  female  slave.     Chief-Underling. 

odd.  Not  even;  remaining;  peculiar;  ridiculous; 
single.    Conventionality-Unconventionality,  In- 


ODD. 


728 


OFF. 


crement-Remnant,  Numbering,  Saneness-Lun- 
acy,  society-ludicrousness,  taste-vulgarity; 
odd  fish,  Society-Laughingstock. 

•dd'-i-ty.  Singularity.  Conventionality-Uncon- 
ventional1ty,  saneness-lunacy,  soclety-laugh- 
ingstock,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

odd'-ments.     Things  incidental  to.     Whole-Part. 

odds.  Advantage,  chances;  variance.  Equality- 
Inequality,  Rationale-Luck,  Variance-Accord; 
at  odds,  Harmony-Discord,  Variance-Accord; 
long  odds,  Difficulty-Facility;  odds  against  one, 
Security-Insecurity;  odds  and  ends,  Increment- 
Decrement,  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Usefulness- 
Uselessness,  Whole-Part;  the  odds  are,  Likeli- 
hood-Unlikelihood; what's  the  odds,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance. 

ode.     A  brief  poem.     Poetry-Prose. 

o-de'-on.  A  Grecian  trial  theater.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

odeur,  en  mauvaise  [F.]  (o-dur',  cm' mo-vez').  In  bad 
odor.     Approval-Disapproval. 


od  force.     A  hypothetical  force.     Devotion-Magic 

odi  projanum  vulgus  [L.]  (o'-dai  pro-ffi'-num  vul'-gus). 
I  hate  the  vulgar  crowd.  Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness. 

O'-din.     The  chief  of  the  gods.     Jove-Fiend. 

o'-di-ous.  Hateful.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Love-Hate, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

o'-di-um.  Disgrace.  Approval-Disapproval,  Love- 
Hate,  Reputation-Discredit. 

odium  theoiogicum  [L.]  (o'-di-um  thi-o-loj'-i-cum) 
The  enmity  of  theologians.  Church,  Decision- 
Misjudgment,  Godliness-Ungodliness. 

o-dom'-e-ter.  An  implement  for  measuring  distance 
traveled.     Mensuration. 

o-don'-toid.  Tooth-like.  Convexity-Concavity 
Sharptjess-Bluntness. 

o'-dor.  Smell.  Odor-Inodorousnsss;  in  bad  odor, 
Approval-Disapproval;  odor  of  sanctity,  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness. 


ODOR— INODOROUSNESS. 


Catnip.     Mint  having  a  strong  odor  pleasing  to  cats. 

Effluvium.  A  disagreeable  odor,  an  invisible  emanation  from  putre- 
fying matter. 

Emanation.     A  flowing  forth  from  a  source,  as  an  evil  odor 

Essence.     Perfume;  scent;  odor. 

Exhalation.     The  breathing  out  of  a  vapor  or  effluvium. 

Fume.     An  odorous  vapor. 

Nidor.     The  odor  of  cooked  or  cooking  food. 

Odor.  That  quality  of  a  substance  which  renders  it  perceptible  to 
the  sense  of  smell. 

Odorament.     A  strong  scent. 

Redolence.     A  pleasing  odor  or  scent. 

Scent.     That  property  of  a  body  which  affects  the  sense  of  smell. 

Smell.     That  which  is  perceived  by  the  olfactory  organs. 

Odcr — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Act  of  smelling,  etc.    The  act  of  perceiving  an  odor     See  Verbs. 
Scent.     The  odor  left  by  an  animal  by  which  it  can  be  tracked. 
Sense  of  smell.     The  power  to  perceive  an  odor. 
Trail.     The  scent  left  by  an  animal  by  which  it  may  be  pursued. 

Odor—  Verbs. 

Exhale.     To  breathe  out. 

Give  out  a  smell,  etc.     To  emanate  an  odor.     See  Nouns. 

Have  an  odor,  etc.     To  have  the  power  to  become  perceptible  to  the 

sense  of  smell.    See  Nouns. 
Inhale.     Ts  ■icavf  in  an  odor,  scent,  or  the  like. 
Nose.  1 

Scent.  >To  perceive  by  the  sense-  of  smell. 
Smell. ) 

SmeU  strong  of  J  To  ®ve  forth  a  certain  odor 

Sniff.     To  attempt  to  smell  bv  short  rapid  inhalations. 


Absence  of  smell.     Lack  of  the  power  to  become  perceptible  to  the 

sense  of  smell. 
Inodorousness.     "Want  of  odor  or  smell. 
Want  of  smell.     Absence  of  smell. 

Inodorousness — Verbs. 

Be  inodorous,  etc.     Not  to  smell.     See  Adjectives. 

Deodorize.     To  make  inodorous. 

Not  smell.     To  be  inodorous. 

Inodorousness — Adjectives. 

Deodorized.  \  ■.«■  j    ■      , 
Deodorizing,  j  Made  .nodorous. 

Inodorous. »  without  sme11  or  oJor- 

Scentless.     Without  scent. 

Wanting  smell.].  Not  to  be    perceived  by   the   sense  of  smell.      See 

Without  smell.  /      Odor. 


ODOR — Verbs — Continued 

Snuff.     To  inhale  the  air  through  the  nose  as  dogs  and  other  animals 

sniff. 
Snuff  up.     To  draw  up  into  the  nose. 

Odcr — Adjectives. 
Graveolent.  Having  a  strong  scent  or  odor. 
Nidorous.     Resembling  the  odor  of  roast  meat  or  decaying  animal 

matter. 
Odoriferous.     Diffusing  an  odor. 
Odorous.     Having  an  odor. 
Olfactory.     Pertaining  to  the  sense  of  smell. 
Pungent.     Sharp  or  stinging  to  the  sense. 
Quick-scented.     Acute  of  smell. 
Redolent.     Odorous,  full  of  a  pleasing  smell. 
Smelling.     Odorous. 
Strong-scented.     Having  a  very  perceptible  odor . 


o'-dor-a-ment.     A  perfume.     Odor-Inodorousness. 

o"-dor-if'-er-ous.     Fragrant.     Odor-Inodorousness. 

o'-dor-ous.     Fragrant.     Odor-Inodorousness. 

o-dyl'-lic.  force.  A  hypothetical  force.  Devotion- 
Magic. 

od-zoo'-keas.  An  exclamation  of  surprise.  Astonish- 
ment-Expectance. 

cec"-u-men'-i-cal.  Universal.  Universality-Par- 
ticularity. 

oe-dem'-a-tous .  Dropsical.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion, Hardness-Softness. 

(Ed'-i-pus.  The  solver  of  the  Sphinx's  riddle.  In- 
terpreter, Investigation-Answer. 

(Edipus,  Davus  sum,  non  [L.]  (ed'-i-pus,  dc'-vus  sum. 
non).  I  am  Davus,  not  (Edipus.  Craft-Artless- 
ness.  Wittiness-Dulness. 


ail  de  maitre  [F.]  (uy  de  metr).  The  eye  of  a  master. 
Carefulness-Carelessness. 

ce"-ti-ol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  the  causes  of  disease. 
Health-Sickness. 

of.  Belonging  to;  out  from.  Of  all  things,  Suprem- 
acy-Subordinacy;  of  a  piece,  Harmony-Discord, 
Likeness-Unlikeness,  Uniformity-Diversity;  of 
course,  Conventionality  -  Unconventionality, 
Nature-Art,  Rationale-Luck,  Volition  Obliga- 
tion; of  late,  Novelty-Antiquity;  of  no  effect, 
Fertility-Sterility;  of  old,  Novelty-Antiquity; 
of  one  mind,  Harmony-Discord;  of  similar  mean- 
ing, Synonym-Antonym;  of  the  same  meaning, 
Synonym-Antonym;  of  yore,  Future-Past. 

off.  Away.  Remoteness-Nearness:  be  off,  Quest- 
Evasion;    keep  off,  Quest-Evasion,  Remoteness' 


OFF. 


729 


OLEAGINE. 


Nearness;  make  off  with,  Theft;  move  off,  Ap- 
proach-Withdrawal; off  and  on,  Determination- 
Vacillation,  Mutability-Stability,  Periodicity- 
Irregularity;  off  one's  balance,  Determination- 
Vacillation;  off  one's  guard,  Expectation-Sur- 
prise; off  one's  hands,  Gain-Loss;  off  one's  legs, 
Push-Pull,  Spring-Dive;  off  one's  mind,  Reflec- 
tion-Vacancy; off  side,  Right-Left;  off  with  you, 
Admission-Expulsion;  sheer  off,  Approach-With- 
drawal; stand  off,  Approach-Withdrawal;  start 
off,  Arrival-Departure;  take  off  one's  hands, 
Giving-Receiving;  throw  off  one's  center,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit; throw  off  the  scent,  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Quest-Evasion. 

of'-fal.     Refuse.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

off'-cut".  A  surplus  margin  cut  from  paper.  Union- 
Disunion,  Writing-Printing. 

of-fend'.  To  displease;  to  sin.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Virtue-Vice;  offend  against  the 
law,  Law-Lawlessness. 

of-fend'-ed.     Displeased.     Favorite-Anger. 

of-fend'-ing  Ad'am.     Virtue-Vice. 

of-fense'.  An  offending;  a  sin;  resentment.  Attack- 
Defense,  Favorite-Anger,  Innocence-Guilt. 

of-fen'-sive.  Disagreeable;  injurious;  serving  for 
attack.  Attack-Defense,  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Desire  -  Distaste,  Palatableness  -  Unpalatable- 
ness,  Perfume-Stench;  offensive  and  defensive 
alliance,  Association;  offensive  to  ears  polite, 
Purity-Crudeness. 

of'-fer.  To  tender  a  proposal.  Buying-Sale,  Giving- 
Receiving,  Proffer-Refusal;  offer  a  choice, 
Choice-Neutrality;  offer  for  sale,  Buying-Sale; 
offer  oneself,  Proffer-Refusal;  offer  sacrifice,  De- 
votion-Idolatry; offer  the  alternative,  Choice- 
Neutrality;  offer  up  prayers,  Devotion-Idola- 
try. 

of'-fer-ing.  A  donation;  a  sacrifice.  Giving-Re- 
ceiving, Petition-Expostulation,  Proffer-Re- 
fusal; burnt  offering,  Devotion-Idolatry;  sin 
offering,  Atonement. 

of'-fer-to"-ry.  A  part  of  the  mass;  a  contribution. 
Ceremonial,  Devotion-Idolatry,  Giving-Receiv- 
ing. 

off'-hand".  Without  preparation.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Earliness-Lateness,  Heed-Dis- 
regard, Predetermination-Impulse. 

of'-fice.  A  function;  a  business;  a  room  for  business ; 
a  devotional  service.  Agency,  Contents-Receiver, 
Devotion-Idolatry,  Market,  Occupation;  do  an 
ill  office,  Charitableness-Malevolence,  Rule- 
License;  do  one's  office,  Observance-Nonob- 
servance;  good  offices,  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence; hold  office,  Management;  kind  offices, 
Charitableness-Malevolence,  Mediation;  man 
in  office,  Chief-Underling,  Manager. 

of'-fice-bear"-er.     An  officer.     Manager. 

of'-fi-cer.  A  director.  Belligerent,  Chief-Under- 
ling, Judicature,  Manager. 

of'-fi-ces.     Outhouses.     Contents-Receiver. 

of-fi'-cial.  Pertaining  to  an  office;  authoritative;  a 
public  officer.  Certainty-Doubt,  Chief-Under- 
ling, Manager,  Occupation,  Rule-License. 

of-fi'-cial-ism.  Official  stringency.  Harshness-Mild- 
ness. 

of-fi'-ci  ate.  To  conduct.  Action-Passiveness,  Cer- 
emonial, Conduct,  Occupation. 

officina  gentium  [L.]  (of-fi-sai'-na  jen'-shi-um).  Work- 
shop of  nations.     Workshop. 

officio,  ex  [L.]  (of-fish'-i-o,  ex).  By  virtue  of  office. 
Dueness-Undueness,  Manager,  Rule-License, 
Truth-Error. 

of-fi'-cious.     Intermeddling.     Activity-Indolence. 

of-fi'-cious-ness.     Meddling.     Activity-Indolence. 


off'-ing.      Sea  far  from  the  eye.      Ocean-Land,  Re- 
moteness-Nearness. 
off'-scour"-ings.        Refuse.        Cleanness-Filthiness, 

USEFULNESS-USELESSNESS. 

off'-scum.     Scum.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

off'-set".  A  sum  balancing  another;  a  small  branch. 
Compensation,  Parentage-Progeny. 

off'-shoot".  Something  branching  off.  Increment- 
Remnant,  Parentage-Progeny,  Rationale-Luck, 
Whole-Part. 

off'-spring".  Issue.  Cause-Effect,  Parentage- 
Progeny. 

of-fus'-cate.  To  darken.  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness, 
Future-Past,  Light-Darkness. 

of'-fus-ca'-tion.   Darkness.    Light-Darkness. 

oft.     Frequently.     Frequency-Rarity,  Recurrence. 

oft'-en.  Many  a  time.  Frequency-Rarity,  Recur- 
rence ;  most  often,  Habit-Desuetude. 

oft'-ness.   Frequency.   Frequency-Rarity. 

oft'-times.   Often.   Frequency-Rarity. 

og'-ham.    Ancient  Irish  writing.    Writing-Printing. 

o'-gle.  To  look  at  amorously.  Blandishment,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Sight-Blind- 
ness. 

o'-gre.     A  monster.     Angel-Satan,  Humanitarian- 

ISM-MlSANTHROPY,  SANGUINENESS-TlMIDITY. 

o'-gress.     A  female  ogre.     Jove-Fiend. 

oh.   An  exclamation.   Approval-Disapproval. 

Ohm.   A  noted  electrician.    Ohm's  law,  Electricity. 

oil.  To  lubricate.  Friction-Lubrication,  Pulpiness- 
Oil,  Pulpiness-Oiliness  ;  pour  oil  on,  Alleviation- 
Aggravation;  pour  oil  on  the  troubled  waters,  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness. 

oil'-col-or.    Paint.    Painting. 

oil'-ing.    Greasing.    Friction-Lubrication. 

oil'-paint.     Oil-color.     Painting. 

oil"-paint'-ing.   A  painting  in  oils.    Painting. 

oils.   Paints.    Painting. 

oil'-y.  Greasy;  unctuous.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Presumption-Ob- 
sequiousness, Pulpiness-Oiliness,  Smoothness- 
Roughness,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

oi"-no-ma'-ni-a.  Desire  for  drink.  Teetotalism-In- 
temperance. 

oint'-ment.  An  unguent.  Pulpiness-Oil,  Remedy- 
Bane. 

old.  Aged.  Novelty-Antiquity;  die  of  old  age,  Com- 
pletion-Noncompletion;  of  old,  Future-Past;  old 
Adam,  Virtue- Vice;  old  age,  Infancy-Age;  old 
bachelor,  Matrimony-Celibacy;  old  clothes,  Dress- 
Undress;  old  fogy,  Sage-Fool,  Society-Laugh- 
ingstock; old  homestead,  City-Country;  old  joke, 
Wittiness-Dulness;  old  maid,  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Matrimony-Celibacy;  old  man,  In- 
fant-Veteran, Matrimony-Celibacy;  old  man  of 
the  sea,  Obstruction-Help  ;  old  oaken  bucket,  City- 
Country;  old  school,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Habit- 
Desuetude,  Novelty-Antiquity;  old  song,  Conse- 
quence- Insignificance,  Costliness- Che  apess, 
Recurrence;  old  stager,  Adept-Bungler,  Infant- 
Veteran;  old  story,  Love-Hate,  Recurrence, 
Tidings-Mystery;  old  times,  Future-Past;  old 
woman,  Matrimony-Celibacy,  Sage-Fool;  one's 
old  way,  Habit-Desuetude;  pay  off  old  scores,  At- 
tack-Defense. 

Oldbuck.    An  antiquarian.    Future-Past. 

old'-er.    More  old.    Infancy-Age. 

old'-est.    Most  advanced  in  years.    Infancy-Age. 

old'-est  in-hab'-it-ant.  The  earliest  settler.  Not  in 
the  memory  of  the  oldest  inhabitant,  Frequency' 
Rarity. 

old"-fash'-ioned.   Antiquated.    Novelty-Antiquity. 

old'-ness.   Antiquity.   Novelty-Antiquity. 

o"-le-a-gine'.  An  oily  substance.   Pulpiness-Oil 


OLEOMARGARINE. 


730 


ONGOING. 


o"-le-o-mar'-ga-rine.  Artificial  butter.  Pulpiness- 
Oiliness. 

oleum  addere  cainino  [L.]  (o'-li-um  ad'-der-i  cam-ai'- 
no).  To  add  oil  to  the  fire.  Increase-Decrease, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

ol-fac'-to-ry.  Pertaining  to  smelling.  Odor-Inodor- 
ousness. 

ol'-id.    Stinking.    Perfume-Stench. 

ol' id-ous.    Rancid.    Perfume-Stench. 

ol'-i-garch.    A  ruler.    Chief-Underling. 

ol"-i-gar'-chic  Pertaining  to  an  oligarchy.  Rule-Li- 
cense. 

ol'-i-gar"-chy.    The  rule  of  a  few.    Rule-License. 

o'-li-o.   A  medley.    Mixture-Homogeneity. 

ol'-ive-branch".  An  emblem  of  peace;  a  youngster. 
Fighting-Conciliation,  Infant- Veteran,  Parent- 
agetProgeny. 

ol'-ive-green".    Dark  green.    Redness-Greenness. 

ol'-la  po-dri'-da.    A  mixture.   Mixture-Homogeneity. 

O-lym'-pus.    The  home  of  the  gods.    Heaven-Hell. 

om'-ber.  A  game  of  cards.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

ombres  chinoises  [F.]  (on'br  shi-nwaz') .  Chinese  shad- 
ows.    Appearance-Disappearance. 

o-me'-ga.   The  last.    Beginning-End. 

om'-e-let.     A  dish  of  eggs.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

o'-men.     A  portent.     Portent. 

om'-i-nate.     To  presage.     Prophecy. 

om'-i-nous.  Portentous.  Prophecy,  Security-In- 
security. 

om'-i-nous-ness.    Inauspiciousness.     Prophecy. 

o-mis'-sion.  A  leaving  out ;  failure  to  do.  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness, Constituent- Alien,  En- 
tirety-Deficiency, Innocence -Guilt,  Observ- 
*  ance-Nonobservance,  Success-Failure. 

o-mit'.  Leave  out.  Carefulness-Carelessness,  In- 
clusion-Omission, Observance-Nonobservance. 

o-mit'-ted.  Left  out.  Entity- Nonentity,  Pres- 
ence-Absence. 

omne,  nee  scire  fas  est  [L]  (om'-ne,  nee  sai'-ri  fas  est). 
To  know  all  things  is  not  permitted.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance. 

omne  tulit  punctum  [L.]  (om'-ne  tiu'-lit  punc'-tum). 
He  has  gained  every  point.    Success-Failure. 

om'-ni-bus.  A  public  conveyance.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

om"-ni-fa'-ri-ous.  Of  all  kinds.  Uniformity-Multi- 
formity. 

om-nif'-ic.     All-creating.     Fertility-Sterility. 

om'-ni-form.  Having  all  forms.  Uniformity-Multi- 
formity. 

om-ni-form'-i-ty.  Quality  of  having  every  shape.  Uni- 
formity-Multiformity. 

om-nig'-en-ous.  Consisting  of  all  kinds.  Uniformity- 
Multiformity. 

om-nip'-o-tence.  Unlimited  power;  God.  Divinity, 
Might-Impotence. 

om-nip'-o-tent.     All  powerful.   Might-Impotence. 

om"-ni-pres'-ence.  Universal  presence.  Divinity, 
Presence-Absence. 

om"-ni-pres'-ent.  Universally  present.  Presence-Ab- 
sence. 

om-nis'-cience.  Infinite  knowledge.  Divinity,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance. 

om-nis'-cient.    All-knowing.    Knowledge-Ignorance. 

om"-ni-um-gath'-er-um.  A  medley.  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Regularity- 
Irregularity. 

om-niv'-o-rous.  All-devouring.  Desire-Distaste, 
Fasting-Gluttony,  Nutriment-Excretion. 

om'-phal-os.    The  navel.    Middle. 

on.  Forward.  Advance-Retrogression;  on  a  bed  of 
roses,  Sensuality-Suffering;  on  account  of,  Ra- 
tionale-Luck; on  a  large  scale,  Magnitude-Small- 


ness;  on  all  accounts,  Entirety-Deficiencv;  on  all 
fours,  Harmony-Discord,  Sameness-Contrast;  on 
an  average,  Medium;  on  a  par,  Equality-Inequal- 
ity; on  foot,  Activity-Indolence,  Agency.  Dura- 
tion-Neverness,  Occurrence-Destiny,  Prepara- 
tion -  Nonpreparation,  Traveling  -  Navigation  ; 
on  no  occasion,  Duration-Neverness;  on  no  ac- 
count, Magnitude-Smallness;  on  one's  head,  Re- 
versal; on  that  account,  Rationale-Luck;  on  the 
brink  of,  Magnitude-Smallness;  on  the  cards,  Oc- 
currence-Destiny; on  the  increase,  Increase-De- 
crease; on  the  move,  Movement-Rest;  on  the  nail, 
Time;  on  the  other  hand,  Compensation;  on  the 
part  of,  Connection-Independence  ;  on  the  point  of, 
Lastingness-Transientness;  on  the  present  occa- 
sion, Time  ;  on  the  whole,  Whole-Part. 

once.  In  the  past;  one  time.  Frequency-Rarity, 
Future-Past;  at  once,  Earliness-Lateness,  Eter- 
nity-Instantaneity;  once  for  all,  Beginning-End, 
Choice-Neutrality,  Determination-Vacillation, 
Enlightenment  -  Secrecy,  Frequency  -  Rarity  ; 
once  in  a  blue  moon,  Frequency-Rarity;  once  in  a 
way,  Frequency-Rarity;  once  more,  Doubling- 
Halving,  Recurrence;  once  upon  a  time,  Dura- 
tion-Neverness, Future-Past,  Time. 

on'-dine.     A  water-nymph.     Jove-Fiend. 

on  dit  [F.]  (on- di).  One  says.  Conversation-Mono- 
logue, Tidings-Mystery. 

one.  Unit;  same;  single.  Humanity,  Matrimony- 
Celibacy,  Sameness -Contrast,  Solitude -Com- 
pany, Whole-Part;  all  one  to,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy;  as  one  man,  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Assent-Dissent;  at  one  with,  Cooperation-Oppo- 
sition, Equality-Inequality,  Variance-Accord; 
both  the  one  and  the  other,  Duality;  from  one  to 
another,  Alienation;  make  one  of,  Presence-Ab- 
sence; neither  one  nor  the  other,  Choice-Neutral- 
ity; one  and  a  half,  Solitude-Company;  one  bone 
and  one  flesh,  Matrimony-Celibacy;  one  by  one, 
Solitude-Company,  Union -Disunion,  Univer- 
sality-Particularity; one  fell  swoop,  Eternity- 
Instantaneity,  Turbulence-Calmness;  one  fine 
morning,  Duration-Neverness,  Time;  one  idea, 
Decision-Misjudgment;  one  in  a  way,  Convention- 
ality -Unconventionality;  one  in  ten  thousand, 
Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Goodness-Badness  ;  one  jump, 
Eternity-Instantaneity;  one  leg  in  the  grave, 
Strength-Weakness;  one  of  these  days,  Future- 
Past,  Time;  one  or  two,  Plurality-Fraction  ;  one 
thing  with  another,  Ratiocination-Instinct;  one 
way  or  another,  Imitation-Originality;  on  one  side, 
Laterality-Contraposition,  Parallelism-Incli- 
nation ;  with  one  voice,  Assent-Dissent. 

one"-eyed'.  Having  one  eye.  Sight-Dimsighted- 
ness. 

o-nei'-ro-crit"-ic  An  interpreter  of  dreams.  Inter- 
preter. 

o-nei'-ro-man"-cy.  Divination  by  dreams.  Proph- 
ecy. 

one'-ness.     Unity.     Solitude-Company. 

on'-er-ous.  Burdensome.  Difficulty-Facility,  Good- 
ness-Badness, Obstruction-Help,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Pain  fulness. 

one"-self.  One's  self.  Sameness-Contrast;  be  one- 
self again,  Renovation-Relapse;  have  all  to  one- 
self, Holding-Exemption;  kill  oneself,  Life-Kill- 
ing; take  merit  to  oneself,  Bragging;  take  upon  one- 
self, Determination-Vacillation,  Enterprise. 
Volition-Obligation;  talk  to  oneself,  Conversa- 
tion-Monologue; true  to  oneself,  Persistence- 
Whim. 

one'-si"-ded.  Partial.  Decision-Misjudgment, 
Right- Wrong,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

on'-go"-ing.    Progress.   Advance-Retrogression 


ONION 


731 


OPERATOR. 


on'-ion.   A  culinary  plant.   Condiment. 
on'-look"-er.     A  spectator.     Onlooker. 

ONLOOKER. 

Beholder.     One  who  looks  upon  with  attention  and  interest. 
Bystander.     A  chance  onlooker. 

Eye-witness.     One  who  has  seen  the  occurrence  with  his  own  eyes. 
Looker-on.     One  who  looks  on  without  interest  or  taking  part. 
Observer.     One  who  looks  upon  with  careful  attention. 
Onlooker.     One  who  stands  by  and  looks  on  passively. 
Passer-by.     One  who  looks  on  while  passing. 

Sentinel,  etc.     A  soldier  on  guard  to  look  out  for  danger.    See  Warn- 
ing. 
Sight-seer.     One  who  spends  his  time  looking  at  objects  of  interest 
Spectator.     One  present  and  looking  on  at  some  happening. 
Spy.     One  who  looks  on  secretly 
Witness.     One  who  sees  by  being  personally  present. 

Onlooker — Verbs. 

Behold,  etc .     To  look  on  with  careful  attention.     See  Sight. 

Look  on,  etc      To  regard  without  personal  interest.     See  Presence. 

Witness.     To  see  by  being  personally  present. 

on'-ly.  Solitary;  merely.  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness,  Greatness-Smallness,  Mixture-Homoge- 
neity, Solitude-Company;  only  think,  Astonish- 
ment-Expectance; only  yesterday,  Novelty-An- 
tiquity. 

on'-o-man"-cy.     Divination  bynames.     Prophecy. 

on"-o-mat"-o-poe'-ia.  Imitation  of  natural  sounds. 
Language,  Name-Misnomer. 

on'-set".  An  attack.  Attack-Defense,  Beginning- 
End. 

on'-slaught".   An  assault.   Attack-Defense. 

on-tog'-e-ny.    Germ-history.    Biology. 

on-tol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  real  being.  Entity-Non- 
entity. 

onus  [L.]  (o'-nus).  A  burden;  duty.  Duty-Derelic- 
tion, Obstruction-Help. 

onus  proband i  [L.]  (o'-nus  pro-ban'-dai).  The  burden 
of  proof.    Certainty-Doubt,  Faith-Misgiving. 

on'-ward.    Forward.    Advance-Retrogression. 

on'-y-cho-man"-cy.     Divination  by  nails.    Prophecy. 

o'-nyx.  A  kind  of  quartz.  Embellishment-Disfig- 
urement. 

o"-o-gen'-e-sis.   Development  of  the  ovum.   Biology. 

ooze.  To  leak  out.  Admission-Expulsion,  En- 
trance-Exit, River-Wind,  Viscidity-Foam;  ooze 
out,  Exposure-Hidingplace. 

oo'-zing.    Dropping.    Entrance-Exit. 

o-pac'-i-ty.    Obscurity.    Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

o-pa'-cous.    Opaque.    Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

o'-pal.  A  variegated  mineral.  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement, Variegation. 

o'-pal-es'-cence.  Semi-transparency.  Diaphaneity- 
Opalescence. 

o"-pal-es'-cent.  Iridescent.  Diaphaneity-Opaque- 
ness, Variegation. 

o'  pal-ine.  Opalescent.  DiaphaNeity-Opalescence, 
Variegation. 

o-paque'.  Not  transparent.  Diaphaneity-Opaque- 
ness. 

o-paque'-ness.  Imperviousness  to  light.  Diaphane- 
ity-Opaqueness. 

•o'-pen.  Not  closed  or  hidden;  frank.  Aperture- 
Closure,  Beginning-End,  Craft-Artlessness,  En- 
largement-Diminution, Exposure-Hidingplace, 
Manifestation-Latency,  Publicity,  Truthful- 
ness-Falsehood; in  open  court,  Manifestation- 
Latency,  Publicity;  lay  oneself  open  to,  Contin- 
gency, Security- Insecurity;  lay  open,  Dress-Un- 
dress; leave  the  matter  open,  Substance-Nullity; 
open  a  case,  Ratiocination-Instinct;  open  a  dis- 
cussion, Ratiocination-Instinct;  open  air,  Out- 
side-Inside, Water-Air;  open  and  above  board,  Up- 


rightness-Dishonesty; open  arms,  Amity-Hos- 
tility, Fighting-Conciliation,  Politeness-Impo- 
liteness, Readiness-Reluctance,  Sociability- 
Privacy;  open  country,  Gulf-Plain;  open  enemy, 
Friend-Foe;  open  eyes,  Astonishment-Expec- 
tance, Discovery,  Education-Misteaching,  Ex- 
pectation -  Surprise,  Exposure  -  Hidingplace, 
Heed-Disregard,  Manifestation-Latency,  Pre- 
determination-Impulse, Sight-Blindness;  open 
fire,  Attack-Defense,  Beginning-End;  open  house, 
Sociability-Privacy;  open  into,  Conversion-Re- 
version, River-Wind;  open  one's  mind,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace;  open  one's  purse-strings,  Outlay-In- 
come; open  order,  Enlargement-Diminution;  open 
question,  Certainty-Doubt,  Investigation-An- 
swer; open  rupture,  Variance-Accord;  open-sesame, 
Aperture-Closure,  Devotion-Charm,  Instrumen- 
tality, Sign;  open  space,  Extension-District;  open 
the  ball,  Beginning-End,  Precedence-Succession; 
open  the  door  to,  Beginning-End,  Cause-Effect, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Entrance-Exit,  Leave-Pro- 
hibition, Preparation-Nonpreparation;  open  the 
lips,  Exposure-Hidingplace;  open  the  lock,  Dis- 
covery; open  the  sluices,  Admission-Expulsion; 
open  the  trenches,  Attack-Defense;  open  to,  Con- 
tingency, Difficulty-Facility,  Security-Inse- 
curity; open  to  discussion,  Ratiocination-In- 
stinct; open  to  suspicion,  Faith-Misgiving;  open  to 
the  view,  Visibility-Invisibility;  open  up,  Begin- 
ning-End, Exposure-Hidingplace;  open  war,  Am- 
ity-Hostility, Fighting -Conciliation;  throw 
open,  Admission  -  Expulsion;  with  open  doors, 
Publicity. 

o'-pen-er.     Porter;  key.     Aperture-Closure. 

o'-pen-eyed".  Vigilant.  Expectation- Surprise, 
Heed-Disregard. 

o'-pen-ing.  A  vacant  space;  a  beginning;  an  oppor- 
tunity. Aperture-Closure,  Beginning-End,  Ex- 
tension-District, Interspace-Contact,  Oppor- 
tuneness -  Unsuitableness,  Ratiocination  -  In- 
stinct. 

o'-pen-hand"-ed.    Generous.    Generosity-Frugality. 

o'-pen-heart"-ed.  Candid.  Craft-Artlessness,  Gen- 
erosity -  Frugality,  Truthfulness  -  Falsehood, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

o'-pen-ly.  Without  concealment.  Manifestation- 
Latency. 

o'-pen-mouthed" .  Loquacious;  showing  expectation  or 
wonder.  Astonishment-Expectance,  Cry-Ulula- 
tion,  Desire-Distaste,  Expectation-Surprise, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

o'-pen-ness.     Candor.     Manifestation-Latency. 

op'-e-ra.  A  musical  drama.  Acting,  Music,  Poetry* 
Prose;  opera-glass,  Optical  Instruments;  opera- 
house,  Acting. 

opim  boufte  [F.]  (o-pe-ro/  buf).  A  comic  opera. 
Acting. 

opera  preiium  est  [L.]  (op'-er-i  pri'-shi-um  est).  It  is 
worth  while.    Propriety-Impropriety. 

operandi,  modus  [L.]  (op-er-an'-dai,  mo'-dus).  A  mods 
of  operation.     Agency,  Conduct,  Way. 

op'-er-ate.  To  act;  to  work.  Action-Passiveness. 
Agency,  Cause-Effect,  Creation-Destruction; 
operate  upon,  Motive-Caprice. 

op"-e-rat'-ic.    Pertaining  to  operas.    Acting,  Music. 

op"-er-a'-tion.  A  mode  of  action.  Action-Passive- 
ness,  Agency,  Cause-Effect,  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Remedy-Bane;  in  operation,  Action-Passive- 
ness, Agency;  put  in  operation,  Use-Disuse;  surgi- 
cal operation,  Remedy-Bane. 

op'-er-a-tive.  Exerting  power;  a  worker  in  a  factory. 
Agency,  Agent,  Labor-Capital. 

op'-er-a"-tor.  A  skilled  worker.  Agent,  Remedy- 
Bane,  Labor-Capital. 


OPERCULATED. 


732 


OPPORTUNENESS— UNSUITABLENESS. 


o-per'-cu-la"-ted.  Fitted  with  a  cover.  Aperture- 
Closure. 

o-per'-cu-lum.     A  cover.     Cover-Lining. 

op"-e-ret'-ta.     A  short  opera.     Music. 

op'-er-ose".  Laborious.  Difficulty-Facility,  Toil- 
Relaxation. 

op'-er-ose"-ness.      Laboriousness.      Toil-Relaxation. 

oph'-i-cleide.  A  brass  wind-instrument.  Musical  In- 
struments. 

oph"-i-ol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  serpents.  Zoology- 
Botany. 

oph'-i-o-man-cy.     Divination  by  serpents.     Prophecy. 

oph-thal'-mi-a.  Inflammation  of  the  eye.  Sight-Dim- 
sightedness. 

oph-thal'-mic.  Pertaining  to  the  eye.  Sight-Blind- 
ness. 

o'-pi-ate.     A  narcotic.     Turbulence-Calmness. 

o-pine'.     To  "think.     Faith-Misgiving. 

o-pin'-i-a-tive.     Bigoted.     Decision-Mi  sjudgment. 

o-pin'-i-a-tive-ness.     Bigotry.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

o-pin'-i-a"-tor.    A  bigot.    Bigotry-Apostasy. 

opini&tre  [F.]   (o-pi-ni-atr') .     Headstrong.     Decision- 

MlSJUDGMENT. 

o-pin'-i-a-try.  The  disposition  to  give  opinions  and 
cling  to  them.      Bigotry-Apostasy. 

o-pin'-ion.  A  judgment.  Decision-Mi  sjudgment, 
Faith-Misgiving;  give  an  opinion,  Decision-Mis- 
judgment;  have  too  high  an  opinion  of  oneself,  Con- 
ceit -  Diffidence,    Overvaluation  -  Undervalua- 


tion; popular  opinion,  Assent-Dissent;  system  of 
opinions,  Faith-Misgiving;  wedded  to  an  opinion, 
Bigotry-Apostasy. 

o-pin'-ion-ate.  Stiff  in  opinion.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Decision-Misjudgment. 

o-pin'-ion-a"-ted.  Headstrong.  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment; self-opinionated,  Conceit-Diffidence. 

o-pin'-ion-a-tist.     A  bigot.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

o-pin'-ioned.    Bigoted.     Decision-Misjudgment. 

o-pin'-ion-ist.  One  fond  of  his  own  opinions.  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Certainty-Doubt. 

o-pit'-u-la"-tion.      Help.     Obst   *t  tion-Help. 

o'-pi-um.  A  sedative  drug.  F  ng-Insensibility, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

o'-pi-um-eat"-er.  A  eonsui:-et  of  ot  n.  Activity- 
Indolence. 

o-pos'-sum.  An  animal  which  plays  oft  J?ad  when 
caught  or  seen.     Gull-Deceiver. 

op'-pi-dan.  A  townsman.  City-Country,  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

op"-pi-la'-tion.     A  blocking  up.     Obstruction-Help. 

op-po'-nent.  Antagonist.  Antagonist- Assistant, 
Friend-Foe,  Obstruction-Help. 

op'-por-tune'.  Timely.  Opportuneness-Un suitable- 
ness, Propriety-Impropriety. 

op"-por-tune'-ly.  Timely.  Opportuneness-U.n  suit- 
ableness. 

op"-por-tune'-ness.  Timeliness.  Opportuneness-Un- 
suitableness. 


OPPORTUNENESS— UNSUITABLENESS. 


Conjuncture.     A  combination  of  events  or  circumstances. 

Crisis.     The  point  of  time  when  it  is  to  be  decided  whether  a  course 

of  action  must  go  on  or  be  modified. 
Favorable  opportunity.)  A  suitable  combination  of  conditions  for  the 
Fine  opportunity.  J       success  of  an  action,  etc. 

Given  time.     A  time  fixed  for  the  performance  of  an  act,  duty,  etc. 
High  time.     Full  time  for  the  occasion. 
Juncture.     A  point  of  time  critical  or  important  by  a  concurrence  of 

circumstances. 
Mollia  tempora  [L.]       Favorable  occasion. 
Nick  of  time.     The  exact  point  or  critical  moment. 
Occasion.     A  convenient  or  timely  chance. 
Opening.     An  opportunity. 

Opportuneness,  etc.      Favorableness  of  opportunity       See  Adjectives. 
Opportunity.     A  time  or  place  favorable  for  executing  a  purpose. 

Proper  time"1  i  A  time  suitable  in  a11  aspects. 

Room.     Fit  occasion. 

Suitable  season.  |  A  time  favorab]e  t„  the  success  0f  an  action. 

Suitable  time.      > 

Tempestivity.      Seasonableness. 

Turn.     Occasion  or  convenience. 

Turning-point.     The  point  upon  which  a  question  turns  and  which 

decides  a  case. 
Well-timed  opportunity.     A  favorable  or  suitable  opportunity. 

Opportuneness — Figurative  Nouns. 
Clear  stage.     An  uninterrupted  sphere  of  activity. 
Fair  field.     A  fair  or  equal  chance. 

Golden  opportunity.      An  opportunity  very  likely  to  bring  success. 
Fata  Morgana     [It.].      A  mirage  by  which  distant  object5;  appear 
multiplied. 

Opportuneness — Verbs. 

Battre  le  fer  Venclume  [F],     To  strike  the  iron  on  the  anvil. 
3ive  an  occasion        j  Tq  ^ve     f  ble  chance  to      See  Giving 

Give  an  opportunity.  > 

Improve  the  occasion.  To  make  good  use  of  an  occasion. 
Make  hay  while  the  sun  shines.  To  seize  the  opportunity 
Prendre  la  balle  au  bond  [F.].     To  seize  the  ball  on  the  bound. 

Seize  the  occasion.       \  _  ,  i_«.**j 

«...  .        __  f  To  act  at  a  favorable  time. 

Seize  the  opportunity. > 

Strike  the  iron  while  it  is  hot.     To  seize  an  opportunity  while  there  is 

time. 
Suit  the  occasion,  etc.     To  make  expedient.     See  Propriety. 
Take  time  by  the  forelock.     To  seize  an  opportunity  while  there  is 

time,  before  it  turns  its  bald  head  to  you. 
Use  an  occasion.      1  „     „ 
Use  an  opportunity.  J  ^  w 


Anachronism,  etc.     An  error  in  chronology.     See  Chronology. 

Contretemps  [F.]      An  unexpected  accident. 

Evil  hour.     A  time  of  misfortune. 

Improper  time.     An  unfavorable  occasion. 

In  tempestivity.     Untimeliness. 

Intrusion.     Encroachment  upon  one's  time 

Unreasonableness,  etc.     Out  of  proper  time.     See  Adjectives 

Unsuitable  time.     An  unfavorable  chance. 

Unsuitableness —  Verbal  Expressions. 

Allow  the  occasion  to  escape;  allow  the  occasion  to  go  by;  allow  the 
occasion  to  lapse;  allow  the  occasion  to  pass  by;  allow  the  occasion 
to  slip  by;  allow  the  opportunity  to  escape;  allow  the  opportunity  to 
goby;  allow  the  opportunity  to  lapse;  allow  the  opportunity  to  pass 
by;  allowthe  opportunity  to  slip  by;  be  busy;  be  ill-timed;  be  occu- 
pied, etc.  (see,  Adjectives) ;  break  in  upon;  come  amiss;  have  other 
fish  to  fry;  intrude;  let  slip  through  the  fingers;  lock  the  stable 
door  when  the  steed  is  stolen ;  lose  an  opportunity ;  mistime ; 
neglect  an  opportunity;  suffer  the  occasion  to  escape;  suffer  the  oc- 
casion to  go  by;  suffer  the  occasion  to  lapse;  suffer  the  occasion  to 
pass  by;  suffer  the  occasion  to  slip  by;  suffer  the  opportunity  to  es- 
cape; suffer  the  opportunity  to  go  by;  suffer  the  opportunity  to 
lapse;  suffer  the  opportunity  to  pass  by;  suffer  the  opportunity  to 
slip  by;  throw  away  an  opportunity;  waste  an  opportunity;  waste 
time, etc.  (see  Adjectives). 

Unsuitableness — Adjectives. 

Ill-timed.     Poorly  timed. 

Inauspicious.     Unfortunate. 

Inexpedient,  etc.     Not  expedient.    See  Propriety. 

Inopportune.     Unfavorable 

Intrusive.     Coming  without  invitation. 

Malapropos  [F.].     Unsuitable. 

Mistimed.     Poorly  timed  or  judged. 

Out  of  date.     |  M  an  unfavorable  ^me 

Out  of  season.  > 

Premature,  etc.     Done  before  time,  untimely.     See  Earlinels. 

Timeless.     Done  at  an  improper  time. ' 

Too  late  for.  I  *.  .- 

»  ,       r  At  the  wrong  time 

Too  soon  for. )  G 

Unfavorable.     Not  propitious. 

Unfortunate.     Having  ill  fortune 

Unlucky.     Unfortunate. 

Unpropitious.     Not  advantageous:  unfavorable. 

Unpunctual,  etc.      Not  on  time.     See  Earliness. 

Unseasonable.      Not  in  proper  season. 

Unsuited,  etc.     Unfitted.     See  Harmony. 

Untimely.     Unpropitious;  ill-timed. 

Untoward.     Unfavorable;  annoying. 


OPPORTUNENESS. 


733 


OPTICAL  INSTRUMENTS. 


OPPORTUNENESS— UNSUITABLENESS— C:m/mW. 


Opportuneness — Adjectives. 
Auspicious.     Favorable ;  fortunate. 
Critical.     Momentous ;  perilous. 
Favorable.     Advantageous ;  propitious. 
Fortunate.     Happy;  lucky. 
Happy.     Fortunate;  lucky;  opportune. 
Lucky.     Auspicious;  fortunate. 
Obiter  dicta  [L.].      Spoken  casually. 
Opportune.     Timely;  fortunate;  lucky. 
Propitious.     Auspicious ;  favorable. 

Providential.     Brought  about  by  the  providence  of  God. 
Seasonable.     Timely;  done  at  the  proper  time. 
Suitable,  etc.     Fitting;  appropriate.     See  Harmony. 
Timeful.     Seasonable;  timely. 
Timely.     Opportune;  seasonable. 
Well-timed.     Done  or  said  opportunely. 

Opportuneness — Adverbs,  etc. 
All  in  good  time.     Timely. 
A  propos  [F.].     Opportunely. 

At  the  eleventh  hour.     At  the  last  moment ;  just  in  tim* 
By  the  by.     By  the  way;  incidentally. 
By  the  way.     Incidentally. 
By  way  of  parenthesis.     Incidentally. 
En  passant  [F.].     In  passing. 
Extempore  [F.].     Without  preparation. 
For  the  nonce.     For  the  present  time. 
In  due  course."} 
In  due  season.  /-Opportunely 
In  due  time.     ) 

In  the  fulness  of  time.)   . ,  ±,  . 

t    a      i  .     <  *•„  f  At  the  proper  moment 

In  the  nick  of  time.      ) 

just  in  time.     At  the  last  moment. 
Now  or  never.     At  the  most  favorable  time. 
On  the  spot,  etc.     At  once.     See  Earliness. 
On  the  spur  of  the  moment.)  HurHedl 
On  the  spur  of  the  occasion  J  ' 

Opportunely,  etc.     In  an  opportune  or  favorable  manner.     See  Ad- 
jectives. 


•         Unsuitableness — Adverbs,  etc. 

A  day  after  the  fair.     Too  late. 

As  ill  luck  would  have  it.     Inopportunely;  unfortunately. 

In  an  evil  hour.     In  an  unfortunate  moment. 

Inopportunely,  etc.     In  an  unfortunate  manner.     See  Adjectives. 

The  time  having  gone  by.     Too  late;  not  seized  in  time. 

Unsuitableness — 'Phrases. 

After  death  the  doctor.     To  pay  attention  after  it  is  too  late. 
After  meat  mustard.     Out  of  season. 


OPPORTUNENESS — Adverbs,  etc.— Continued. 


Parenthetically.     In  an  episodical  or  explanatory  manner. 

Par  parenthese  [F.].     By  parenthesis. 

Pro  hoc  vice  [L.].     On  this  occasion. 

Proper  course.  "J 

Proper  season.  >  Timely. 

Proper  time.    J 

Prorenaia  [L.J.     Special;  for  special  business. 

While  speaking  of.  1  T  . 

While  speaking  on  the  subject.  I  In  a  moment- 

Opportuneness — Phrases. 

Bien  perdu,  bien  connu  [F.]      Blessing  flown  is  a  blessing  known. 

Carpe  diem  [L.I.     Seize  the  day. 

Esempre  Vora  [It.].     It  is  always  time. 

Ex  qttovis  ligno  non  fit  Mercurius  [L.].      A  Mercury  is  not  made  of  ' 

any  chance  piece  of  wood. 
Nosce  tempus  [L.J.     Know  thy  opportunity. 
Nunc  aut  nunquam  [L.J.     Now  or  never. 
Occasionem  cognosce  [L.].     Seize  the  occasion. 
One's  hour  is  come.     The  time  to  act. 
Recoge  tu  heno  mientras  que  el  sol  luziere  [Sp.J.     "Make  hay  while  the 

sun  shines.*' 
That  reminds  me. 


op"-por-tu'-ni-ty.  Favorable  occasion.  Opportune- 
ness-Unsuitableness;  lose  an  opportunity,  Oppor- 
tuneness-Unsuitableness. 

op-pose'.  To  resist.  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Co- 
operation -  Opposition,  Evidence  -  Counterevi- 
dence,  Readiness-Reluctance,  Reprisal-Resist- 
ance, Sameness-Contrast. 

op-posed".  Opposite;  unfavorable.  Antagonism-Con- 
currence, Sameness-Contrast. 

op-pos'-ing.  Opposite;  resisting.  Antagonism-Con- 
currence, Sameness-Contrast. 

op'-po-site.  Contrary.  Harmony-Discord,  Reversal, 
Sameness-Contrast,  Stripe-Peace;  opposite  scale, 
Compensation;  opposite  side,  Laterality-Contra- 

POSITION. 

op'-po-site-ness.    Contrariety.    Sameness-Contrast. 

op"-po-si'-tion.  Resistance.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Cooperation-Opposition,  Interspace-Con- 
tact, Laterality-Contraposition,  Reprisal-Re- 
sistance, Sameness-Contrast,  Strife-Peace;  the 
opposition,  Antagonist- Assistant. 

op"-po-si'-tion-ist.  An  opponent  of  the  party  in  power. 
Antagonist- Assistant. 

op-press'.  To  weigh  down.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Goodness-Badness,  Harshness-Mildness; 
oppressed  with  melancholy,  Lightiieartedness-De- 
jection. 

op-pres'-sion.  Languor;  tyranny.  Liberty-Subjec- 
tion, Tyranny-Anarchy,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

op-press'-ive.  Tyrannical;  depressing.  Harshness- 
Mildness,  Heat-Cold,  Liberty-Subjection,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness. 

op-press'-or.  A  tyrant.  Benefactor-Evildoer, 
Harshness-Mildness,  Tyranny-Anarchy. 

op-pro'- bri-ous.  Contumelious.  Reputation  -  Dis- 
credit. 

op-pro'-bri-um.  Contumely.  Reputation-Discredit. 


op-pugn'.     To  oppose.     Antagonism-Concurrence. 

op-pug'-nan-cy.  Opposition.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence. 

op-pug'-na-tion.  Opposition.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Reprisal-Resistance. 

op'-ta-tive.     Discretionary.     Desire-Distaste. 

op'-tic.  Pertaining  to  the  eye.  Sight-Blindness; 
optic  nerve,  Anatomy. 

op'-tic-al.     Pertaining  to  optics.     Sight-Blindness. 

op'-tic-al  in'-stru-ments.  Instruments  to  aid  vision. 
Optical  Instruments. 

optical  instruments. 

Actinometer.     An  instrument  for  measuring  the  chemical  effects  of 

the  sun's  rays. 
Barnacles.     Spectacles. 
Binocular.     A  telescope,  microscope,  etc.,  adapted  to  the  use  of  both 

eyes. 
Camera  lucida.     An  instrument  by  which  an  apparent  image  is  cast 

on  a  paper  and  the  same  may  be  outlined. 
Camera  obscura.     An  optical  apparatus  by  which  images  are  cast 

upon  a  surface  in  a  darkened  box. 
Cheval-glass.     A  swinging  mirror  in  which  the  full  length  of  the 

figure  can  be  imaged 
Chromatrope.     An  instrument  by  which  a  kaleidoscopic  effect  is 

produced. 
Eriometer.     An  instrument  for  measuring  minute  particles  by  the 

diffraction  of  light  produced. 
Eye-glasses.     Spectacles  without  bows. 
Eyepiece.     Part  of  a  telescope  or  microscope. 
Field-glass.     A  small  portable  telescope;  a  spy-glass. 
Glass.     A  mirror. 
Glasses.     Spectacles  or  eye-glasses. 
Goggles.     Spectacles  with  tubes  and  glasses  worn  to  protect  the  eyes 

spectacles. 
Graphoscope.     Single  magnifying  lens. 
Kaleidoscope.      An  optical    instrument  by  which    objects  viewed 

through  it  appear  repeated  in  symmetrical  patterns. 
Lens.     A  piece  of  glass  having  surfaces  of  different  curvature*  used 

to  make  rays  of  light  converge  or  diverge. 


OPTICAL  INSTRUMENTS. 


734 


ORDER. 


Looking-glass.     A  mirror. 

Lorgnette.     A  pair  of  eye-glasses  carried  on  a  long  handle. 

Lucimeter.     An  instrument  for  measuring  the  evaporating  power  of 

the  sun. 
Magic   lantern.     A  device  for  throwing  on  a  screen  an  enlarged 

picture  of  an  object.     See  Appearance. 
Magnifier.     Any  instrument  that  increases  the  apparent  size  of  an 

object 
Megascope.     A  solar  microscope  for  throwing  enlarged  images  on  a 

screen. 
Meniscus.     A  lens  convex  on  one  side  and  concave  on  the  other. 
Microscope.     An  instrument  for  increasing  the  size  of  a  minute  object 

so  as  to  be  visible  to  the  eye. 
Microscopy.     The  art  or  practise  of  using  a  microscope. 
Mirror.     An  object  having  a  reflecting  surface,  made  of  an  amalgam 

of  tin.  or  silver  with  mercury,  or  of  polished  metal. 
Opera-glass.     A  binocular  telescope  magnifying  a  given  field  without 

inversion. 
Optical  instruments.     Instruments  fitted  to  aid  sight. 
Periscopic  lens.     A  microscopic  lens  having  two  plano-convex  lenses. 
Photometer.     An  instrument  for  measuring  the  intensity  of  light. 
Pier-glass.     A  high  and  narrow  mirror  to  be  put  between  windows. 
Pince-nez  [F]     Eye-glasses  held  in  place  by  a  spring  pressing  both 

sides  of  the  nose. 
Polariscope.     An  instrument  used  for  polarizing  light  and  analyzing 

its  properties. 
Polemoscope.     An  opera-glass  or  field-glass  having  an  oblique  mirror 

for  seeing  objects  not  directly  before  the  eye. 
Polyscope.     A  glass  making  an  object  appear  many  times. 
Prism.     A  transparent  body  with  parallel,  triangular  bases  and  rect- 
angular faces,  used  to  disperse  a  ray  of  light. 
Pseudoscope.     An  instrument  which  shows  objects  with  their  proper 

relief  reversed. 
Radiometer.     An  instrument  used  for  measuring  the   mechanical 

energy  of  radiant  heat. 
Reflector.     Anything  having  a  polished  surface  ar.d  reflecting  heat, 

light,  sound,  etc. ;  a  telescope. 
Spectacles.     Two  lenses  worn  before  the  eyes  to  protect,  assist,  or 

conceal  a  defect  of  the  eye. 
Spectroscope.     An  instrument  for  examining  the  spectra  of  volatile 

substances  so  as  to  determine  their  properties. 
Speculum.     A  mirror;  a  reflector  of  polished  metal  used  in  reflecting 

telescopes. 
Spy-glass.     A  small  terrestrial  telescope. 

Stereoscope.  An  instrument  used  to  give  to  pictures  a  solid  appear- 
ance     It  is  done  by  superimposing  one  picture  upon  the  other, 

each  eye  seeing  a  picture. 
Teinoscope.     An  optical  instrument  which  makes  objects  appear 

stretched  out. 
Telescope.     An  optical  instrument  used  to  look  at  objects  at  a  great 

distance,  especially  heavenly  bodies. 
Thaumatrope.     An  optical  instrument  demonstrating  the  persistence 

of  an  impression  upon  the  retina  after  the   luminous  body  is 

removed. 

Optical  Instruments — Noun  of  Agency. 
Microscopist.     One  skilled  in  using  the  microscope. 

op'-tics.  The  science  of  light  and  vision.  Light- 
Darkness,  Sight-Blindness. 

op'-ti-ma-cy.     The  nobility.    Gentility-Commonalty. 

op"-ti-ma'-tes.  The  aristocrats  of  Rome.  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

optime  [L.]  (op'-tim-i).  Very  well.  Approval-Dis- 
approval. 

op'-ti-mism.  Sanguineness.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Overvaluation  -  Undervaluation, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

op'-ti-mist.  A  sanguine  person.  Certainty-Doubt, 
Flatterer-Defamer,  Overvaluation-Underval- 
uation, Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

op'-tion.  Choice.  Choice-Neutrality,  Volition- 
Obligation. 

op'-tion-al.     Elective.     Volition-Obligation. 

op'-tion-al-ly.     At  will.     Choice-Absence  of  Choice. 

op'-u-lence.     Wealth.     Affluence-Penury. 

op'-u-lent.     Wealthy.     Affluence-Penury. 

opus,  materiam  superabat  [L.]  (o'-pus,  me-ti'-ri-am 
su-per-e'-bat) .  The  workmanship  surpasses  the 
material.  Creation-Destruction,  Skill-Unskil- 
fulness. 


o-pus'-cule.  An  unimportant  work.  Missive-Publi« 
cation. 

or.     Either.     Choice-Neutrality. 

or.     Gold.    Blueness-Orange,  Yellowness-Purple. 

or,  drap  d'  [F.]  (or,  dra  d').  Cloth  of  gold.  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement. 

ora  et  labora  [L.]  (o'-ra  et  lab-o'-ra).  Worship  and 
work.     Devotion-Idolatry,  Toil-Relaxation. 

ora  e  sempre  [It.]  (o'-ri  e  sem'-pre) .  Now  and  always 
Eternity-Instantaneity. 

or'-a-cle.  A  sage.  Interpreter,  Sage-Fool,  Sooth- 
sayer; Sir  Oracle,  Brawler,  Certainty-Doubt, 
Conceit-Diffidence,  Investigation-Answer. 

o-rac'-u-lar.  Wise  in  predicting;  ambiguous.  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Prophecy,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

o'-ral.  Spoken.  Speech-Inarticulateness,  Vocal- 
ization-Muteness; oral  communication,  Conversa- 
tion-Monologue, Speech-Inarticulateness;  oral 
evidence,  Evidence-Counterevidence. 

o'-ral-ly.  By  word  of  mouth.  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness. 

or'-ange.  A  roundish  fruit;  reddish-yellow.  Blue- 
ness-Orange, Roundness. 

or'-ange-ry.  An  orange-grove.  Domestication- 
Agriculture. 

orasse,  est  bene  studuisse,  bene  [L.]  (o-ras'-si,  est  bi'-nt 
stiu-diu-is'-si,  bi-ni) .  To  have  prayed  well  is  to  have 
studied  well.     Devotion-Idolatry. 

o-ra'-tion.  A  public  speech.  Rhetoric,  Speech-In- 
articulateness; funeral  oration,  Life-Funeral. 

or'-a-tor.  A  public  speaker.  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness. 

or"-a-tor'-ic-al.  Eloquent.  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness. 

or"-a-to'-ri-o.     A  sacred  composition.     Music. 

or'-a-tc-ry.  Eloquence;  a  private  chapel.  Fane, 
Speech-Inarticulateness. 

or'-a-tress.  A  female  orator.  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness. 

or'-a-trix.  A  female  orator.  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness. 

orb.  Anything  circular.  Circle-Winding,  Exten- 
sion-District, Luminary-Shade,  Occupation, 
Sight-Blindness;  orb  of  day,  Luminary-Shade, 
Universe;  orb  of  night,  Universe. 

or-bic'-u-lar.     Well-rounded.     Circle-Winding. 

or'-bit.  The  path  of  a  heavenly  body.  Astronomy, 
Circle-Winding,  Universe,  Way. 

or'-chard.  An  assemblage  of  fruit  trees.  City- 
Country,  Domestication-Agriculture. 

or'-ches-tra.  A  band  of  musicians ;  a  part  of  a  theater. 
Acting,  Music,  Musical  Instruments,  Musician. 

or-dain'.  To  enact;  to  appoint.  Church,  Commis- 
sion-Abrogation, Divinity,  Dueness-Undueness, 
Law-Lawlessness,  Order. 

or-dained'.  Appointed;  determined.  Dueness-Un- 
dueness, Ministry-Laity. 

or'-de-al.  Severe  trial.  Devotion-Magic,  Pleasure- 
Pain,  Trial;  ordeal  of  battle,  Fighting-Concili- 
ation. 

or'-der.  Regular  arrangement;  rule;  written  direc  lien 
to  pay  money;  rank;  class;  to  direct;  to  command. 
Division,  Gentility-Commonalty,  Law-Lawllss- 
ness,  Management,  Money,  Ordt.r,  Precept, 
President-Member,  Regularity-Irregularity, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Solitude-Company;  at 
one's  order,  Insubordination-Obedience;  call  to 
order,  Approval-Disapproval,  Order;  in  order, 
Purpose -Luck,  Regularity- Irregularity;  in 
working  order,  Preparation-Nonpreparation; 
keep  in  order,  Management;  money  order,  Money; 
occur  in  regular  order,  Periodicity-Irregularity; 
order  of  the  day,  Conventionality-Unconvention- 
ality,    Habit-Desuetude,    Occurrence-Destiny, 


ORDER. 


735 


ORDER. 


Order,  Store;   out  of  order,  Conventionality-Un- 

CONVENTIONALITY,  FaULTLESSNESS  -  FAULTINESS, 

Regularity-Irregularity;  pass  to  the  order  of 
the  day,  Quest-Abandonment,  Design;  put  in 
order,  Organization-Disorganization,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation,  Renovation-Relapse;  set 
in  order,  Organization -Disorganization,  Prep- 
aration-Nonpreparation  ;  set  one's  house  in  order, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation;  standing  order, 
Habit-Desuetude. 

ORDER. 

Act.     A  decree :  an  edict 

Appointment.     A  decree  or  direction. 

Beat  of  drum.     A  command  sounded  on  a  drum. 

Beck.     A  motion  with  the  head  or  hand. 

Behest.     A  mandate. 

Bidding.     Request. 

Brevet.     A  warrant  from  a  government,  granting  title,  privilege,  or 
dignity. 

Bugle-call.     An  order  sounded  by  the  bugle. 

Bull.     A  papal  decree. 

CaU.     Order. 

Caveat  [L  ij      Caution;  warning. 

Charge       Injunction 

Citation.     An  officia  notice  to  appear  for  a  hearing. 

Claim.     A  demand  on  the  ground  of  right. 

Command.     An  authoritative  order  requiring  obedience. 

Decree.     An  order  of  an  absolute  sovereign. 

Decretal.     A  letter  from  the  Pope  determining  some  point  in  ecclesi- 
astical law. 

Demand.     Asking  with  authority. 

Dictate.     A  statement  delivered  with  authority. 

Dictation.     The  act  of  dictating. 

Dictum.     An  authoritative  statement. 

Direction.     Government;  supervision. 

Dispatch.     An  order  sent  with  a  messenger 

Dispensation.     The  act  of  enjoining  something  to  another. 

Edict-     A  command  by  public  authority. 

Enactment.     A  law  passed  by  a  legislative  body.     See  Law. 

Exaction.     The  act  of  demanding  with  authority. 

Fiat.     An  effectual  decree. 

Firman.     An  order  given  to  a  traveler  by  an  Oriental    monarch, 
assuring  protection. 

Fixture.     An  appointment,  in  reference  to  English  sports. 

Hattisheiiff.     An  irrevocable  Turkish  decree  countersigned  by  the 
Sultan. 

Hest.     Precept. 

Imposition.     Something  charged. 

Instructions.     Orders;  commands. 

Interpellation.     A  question  raised  as  to  action  taken. 

Mandamus.     A  writ  issued  by  a  superior  court  to  an  inferior  court 
for  the  heeding  of  some  special  duty. 

Mandate.     Order,  command. 

Message.     A  written  order  or  request. 

Mittimus.     A  warrant  granted  by  a  justice  for  committing  to  prison 
a  person  charged  with  crime. 

Mot  d'ordre  [F  J.     Word  of  command. 

Nisi  pritts  [L  ].      Unless  before:  a  phrase  applied  to  terms  of  court. 

Nod.     Amotion  with  the  he  id. 

Order.     A  command ;  a  mandate. 

Order  of  the  day.      Program  to  be  carried  out. 

Ordinance.     A  rule  of  action. 

Ordination.     The  act  of  appointing. 

Passport      A  document  given  by  a  competent  state  officer  to  trav- 
elers for  freedom  from  molestation  on  land  and  sea. 

Placit.     A  determination;  a  dictum. 

Plebiscite-     A  vote  by  universal  male  suffrage. 

Precept.     Order;  command. 

Prescript.     Direction,  model  prescribed. 

Prescription      The  act  of  dictating. 

Reclamation.     Remonstrance. 

Request.     An  expression  of  one's  desire  to  another  person  that  he 
should  do  or  give  something.     See  Petition. 

Requirement.     An  exaction. 

Requisition.     A  demand. 

Revendi cation.     A  claim  for  the  restoration  of. 

Senatus  consultum  [L  ].     The  decree  of  the  Senate 

Subpoena.     To  compel  to  appear  as  a  witness. 

Summons.     The  order  of  a  superior 

Tattoo.     A  beat  of  drum,  or  sound  of  trumpet,  at  night,  giving  notice 
to  retreat,  or  to  repair  to  quarters. 


Trumpet-call,     An  order  sounded  by  trumpet. 

Ukase.     An  order  issued  by  the  Czar  of  Russia. 

Ultimatum.     A  final  statement  of  terms  or  conditions.     See  Terms. 

Warrant.  A  commission  giving  authority  or  justifying  the  doing  cf 
anything. 

Word.     An  ord^r  or  command. 

Word  of  command.     An  order. 

Writ.  A  sealed  instrument  given  by  the  proper  authority  commis- 
sioning the  person  to  whom  it  is  given  to  perform  or  not  to  petform 
some  function. 

Order — Verbs. 
Appoint.     To  ordain;  to  prescribe. 

Assume  the  command.     To  have  authority  over.     See  Ruls. 
Beckon.     To  make  a  significant  sign. 
Be  ordered.     To  be  commanded  to  do.     See  Nouns. 
Bid.     To  order;  command. 
Call  for.     To  request  to  come  forth. 
Call  to  order.     To  bring  to  silence. 
Call  upon.     To  address  a  request  to. 
Charge.     To  instruct;  to  request. 
Cite.     To  summon  before  a  court  authoritatively. 
Claim.     To  demand  a  right. 
Command.     To  order;  to  request. 
Decree      To  appoint  by  law. 

Demand.     To  ask  for  by  right  or  authority.     See  Nouns. 
Dictate.     To  command  with  authority. 
D«rect.     To  point  out;  to  instruct. 
Enact.     To  pass  as  a  law. 
Enjoin.     To  commission. 
Exact.     To  require  by  force. 
Give  orders.     To  direct  to  do. 
Give  the  law.     To  command  to  do  or  not  to  do. 
Give  the  signal.     To  notif>  by  signs. 
Give  the  word.  )  ™ 

Give  the  word  of  command./        order* 
Impose.     To  require  of. 
Impose  a  task.     To  give  work  to. 

Insist  on.     To  make  repeated  demand  or  request.     See  .Coercion 
Instruct.     To  teach. 
Issue  a  command.    1 
Issue  a  decree.  -~ 

Issue  an  order.  f  To  corni"^d- 

Issue  a  requisition,  j 
Lay  claim  to.     To  claim  as  one's  own. 

Lay  down  the  law.     To  direct  in  a  particular  line  of  action. 
Make  a  decree.  ) 

Make  an  order.  >To  order. 

Make  a  requisition. ) 
Mark  out.     To  give  instructions. 
Ordain.     To  establish  by  decree  or  law. 
Order.     To  command. 
Prescribe.     To  set  down  as  a  decree. 
Prescribe  a  task.     To  command  to  do  a  work. 
Promulgate  a  decree.         \ 
Promulgate  an  order.         J- To  command. 
Promulgate  a  requisition  ) 
Put  in  requisition.     To  demand. 
Receive  an  order.     To  be  commanded. 
Reclaim.     To  claim  again. 
Remand.     To  send  back. 
Require.     Make  demands  of. 
Require  at  the  hands  of.     To  demand  from. 
Revendicate.     To  demand  restoration  of. 
Send  for.     To  call  to  appear. 
Set  a  task.     Impose  a  task. 
Set  to  work.     To  assign  duty  to 
Subpoena.     To  summon  to  appear  as  a  witness. 
Summon.     To  command  to  appear  at  a  specific  time  and  place 
Task.     To  assign  some  labor  or  duty. 
Tax.     To  burden. 

Order — Adjectives. 

Authoritative.     By  power  or  authority."    See  RiTLB. 
Commanding.     Ordering      See  Verbs. 
Decretal.     Pertaining  to  a  decree. 
Decretive.     Determining. 
Decretory.     Established  by  a  decree. 

Order — Adverbs,  ttc. 

At  beat  of  drum.     At  a  given  signal. 
By  a  dash  of  the  pen.    \  R 
By  a  stroke  of  the  pen. )     y  ( 


r  decree  or  order. 


By  order.     According  to  command. 


ORDER. 


736 


ORGANIZATION— DISORGANIZATION. 


In  a  commanding  tone.     Authoritatively 
On  the  first  summons.     Immediately. 

Ord  e  r —  Phrases . 

■joutez  en  avant  |F.l     Push  forward. 
Le  rot  le  veut  [F  ]      The  king  wishes  it. 
Messieurs  les  gardes  francaises,  tirez  IF.].     Gentlemen  of  the  French 

Guard,  fire.     [English  command  to  the  French  at  the  battle  of 

Fontenoy  ] 
Sic  volo,  sic  jiibco  [L  ].     As  I  wish,  thus  I  command. 
The  decree  is  gone  forth. 

or'-der-less.  Without  arrangement.  Regularity- 
Irregularity. 

or'-der-li-ness.  Regularity.  Regularity-Irregu- 
larity. 

or'-der-ly.  Regular;  a  subordinate.  Chief-Under- 
ling, Conventionality-Unconventionality,  Or- 
ganization -  Disorganization,  Precedence-Suc- 
cession, Regularity-Irregularity,  Uniformity- 
Multiformity. 

or'-ders,  ho'-ly.  The  ministry.  Church;  in  orders, 
Ministry-Laity. 

or'-di-nal.     A  collection  of  rubrics.     Ceremonial. 

or'-di-nance.  A  law;  a  rite.  Ceremonial,  Law-Law- 
lessness, Order. 

or'-di-na-ry.  Usual;  common;  a  table  d'hdte.  Aston- 
ishment-Expectance, Beauty-Ugliness,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Conventionality-Uncon- 
ventionality,  Embellishment-Simplicity,  Fault- 
lessness-Faultiness,    Habit-Desuetude,    Nutri- 


ment-Excretion; in  ordinary,  Store;  lay  up  in 
ordinary,  Use-Disuse;  lie  in  ordinary,  Action-Pas- 
siveness;  ordinary  condition,  Uniformity-Multi- 
formity; ordinary  course  of  things,  Habit-Desue- 
tudb. 

or'-di-nate.  A  mathematical  term.  Differentia- 
tion-Indiscrimination. 

or"-di-na'-tion.  The  rite  of  ordaining;  appointment; 
disposition.  Ceremonial,  Church,  Commission- 
Abrogation,  Order. 

ord'-nance.     Weapons.     Weapon. 

or'-don-nance,     A  law.     Law-Lawlessness. 

or'-dure.     Excrement.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

ore.     Metal.     Materials. 

ore  roiundo  [L.]  (o'-ri  ro-tun'-do).   With  full  utterance. 

or'-gan.  A  wind-instrument ;  an  instrument.  In- 
strument, Musical  Instruments,  Vocalization- 
Muteness. 

or-gan'-ic.  Structural;  protoplastic.  Condition- 
Situation,  Organization-Inorganization,  Tex- 
ture; organic  change,  Revolution;  organic  chem- 
istry, Organization-Inorganization;  organic  re- 
mains, Life-Corpse,  Organization-Inorganiza- 
tion. 

or'-gan-ism.     A  living  being.     Texture. 

or'-gan-ist.     An  organ-player. 

or"-gan-i-za'-tion.  Constitution  in  parts;  that  which 
is  organized.  Creation-Destruction,  Design, 
Organization  -  Disorganization,  Organization- 
Inorganization,  Texture. 


ORGANIZATION— DISORGANIZATION. 


Allocation.     A  placing  or  arrangement. 
Allotment.      Distribution  in  parts  or  parcels;  assignment. 
Analysis.      Separation  of  a  whole  into  its  parts. 
Apportionment.     Assignment  of  definite  portions. 
Arrangement.      Methodical  disposition  of  parts  in  due  order. 
Assortment.     Act  of  separating  into  classes. 
Classification.      Distribution  into  groups  or  sets 
Collocation.      Stationing  of  things  in  due  place. 

Digestion.     Conversion  of  things  for  assimilation  or  mental  reception. 
Disposal.     A  putting  in  order. 
Disposition.      The  act  of  ordering  or  regulating. 
Distribution.     Classification  into  an  orderly  way. 
Division      Separation  into  parts. 
Graduation.     Arrangement  by  successive  steps. 
Organization.     Constitution  in  parts  having  a  special  relation 
Plan.     Method  or  scheme  of  action.     See  Design. 
Preparation.     Making  ready  for  a  special  purpose.     See  Prepara- 
tion. 
Sorting.     Reducing  to  order;  separation  into  classes. 
Syntaxis.     Connected  system. 

Taxis.     A  medical  operation ;  manipulation  with  the  finger. 
Taxonomy.     The  science  that  deals  with  classifications. 

Organization — Resul's  of  Classification. 
Architecture.     Art  of  building  according  to  a  well-developed  plan. 
Digest.     An  arrangement  of  materials  into  a  summary. 
Organism.     An  arrangement  of  parts  whose  functions  are  essential 

to  life  and  mutually  dependent. 
Register.     A  written  record  of  acts  kept  for  reference. 
Synopsis.     Concise  classification  into  heads. 
Syntagma.     An  orderly  arrangement  or  collection  of  writings,  music, 

etc. 
Table.     A  set  of  related  signs  arranged  in  concise  form. 


Organization — Nouns  of  Instrument. 
A  sieve  of  coarse  meshes 
A  long,  coarse  sieve  used  for  heavy  matter. 
An  instrument  to  separate  coarse  from  fine  material. 

Organization — Verbs. 
To  give  out  by  lot. 
Arrange.      To  put  together  in  order. 
Assign  places  to.     To  indicate  the  proper  place. 
Assign  the  parts.     To  mark  the  share,  or  portion 
Assort.     To  divide  off  into  classes 
Bring  into  order.     To  render  or  produce  order  or  system. 


Riddle. 
Screen. 
Sieve. 


Allot. 


Corrugation.  Derangement  of  the  face  into  wrinkles.  See  Plica 
ture. 

Deorganization.     Destruction  of  character  as  an  organ. 

Derangement.     Disturbing  of  arrangement.     See  Verbs. 

Discomposition.      Discomposure ,  derangement. 

Dislocation.      Displacement  from  regular  order. 

Disorder.  Lack  of  order,  or  arrangement.  See  Regularity- 
Irregularity. 

Disorganization.  State  of  being  thrown  into  confusion;  destruction 
of  order  or  system. 

Disturbance.     The  act  of  disordering. 

Evection.     Largest  derangement  of  the  moon  in  its  orbit. 

Interruption.     Breaking  in  upon  an  orderly  course. 

Inversion.     Change  in  natural  order.     Gee  Reversal. 

Perturbation.     Disarrangement  in  the  composure  of  the  mind. 

Shuffling.     Mixing  up;  confusing.     See  Verbs. 

Disorganization — Verbs. 
Bedevil.     To  muddle ;  throw  into  disorder,  as  if  by  the  devil. 
t,      ,     .         nk    1  ^"°  aPProacn  violently;  throw  into  confusion. 
Bring  into  disorder.     To  break  the  regular  order. 
Complicate.     To  entangle;  confuse. 
Confound.     To  cast  into  confusion  and  astonishment. 
Confuse.     To  mix  up  so  as  to  be  undistinguishable. 
Convulse.     To  draw  together;  shake  up,  as  by  violent  action  of 

emotion. 
Decompose.     To  separate  into  elements :  decay 
Deorganize.     To  deprive  of  its  organic  character 
Derange.     To  put  into  disorder;  disturb. 
Disarrange.     To  throw  out  of  place;  derange 
Disconcert.     To  destroy  the  harmony  of    confuse. 
Dishevel.     To  throw  the  hair  into  disorder. 
Dislocate.     To  put  off  from  its  due  place ;  misplace 
Disorder.     To  put  out  of  order  or  arrangement. 
Disorganize.     To  break  up  a  regular  system  into  confusion. 
Displace.     Put  out  of  its  position ;  change  the  place  of. 
Disturb.     To  overthrow  the  composure  of;  disorder. 
Embrangle.     To  complicate;  entangle. 
Embroil.     To  involve  in  confusion  or  discord. 
Entangle.     To  become  twisted  into  a  tanrle ;  to  perplex. 
Fumtl*.     To  put  in  a  confusion  ;  mix  \ip;  handle  clumsily 
Huddle.     To  collect  in  a  mass 
Hustle.     To  iostle  along  in  disorder. 
Imbrangle.     To  entangle ,  involve  in  complication. 
Involve.     To  roll  into  difficulty ;  entangle. 


ORGANIZATION. 


737 


ORGANIZATION— INORGANIZATION. 


ORGANIZATION— DISORGANIZATION— Continued. 


ORGANIZATION— Verbs— Continued. 

Card.     To  comb  out  wool. 

Cast  the  parts.     To  fix  or  distribute  the  parts. 

Catalogue.     To  make  an  enumeration  of  in  regular  order;  to  make  a 

methodical  Hit  *■*. 
Class.     To  put  in  groups. 
Classify .     To  put  in  classes. 
Collocate.     To  pvt  in  place;  to  station. 
Coordinate.     To  put  alongside  in  the  same  order. 
Deal.     To  divide  ;  to  distribute 
Digest.     To  systematize,  to  classify. 
Disembroil.     To  free  from  perplexity 
Disentangle.     To  set  free ;  to  separate  from  difficulties. 
Dispose.     To  arrange  in  order 
Dispose  of.     To  put  definitely  in  its  place. 
Distribute .     To  give  among  many ,  to  deal  out. 
Divide.     To  separate  into  parts. 
File.  ■  To  put  on  a  file ;  to  arrange  for  reference. 
Fix.     To  fasten ;  arrange. 

Form.     To  put  in  a  particular  form '  to  arrange. 
Graduate.     To  arrange  in  degrees. 
Group.     To  form  in  a  group. 
Index.     To  provide  with  a  guide,  or  a  pointer. 
Introduce  order  into.     To  bring  order  into  in  place  of  disorder. 
Marshal.     To  gather  and  assemble  in  order. 
Methodize.     To  gi  \-e  method  to ;  to  regulate 
Organize.     To  arrange  the  several  parts  that  they  may  cooperate 

together. 
Pack.     To  arrange  in  order  for  transportation. 
Parcel  out.     To  divide  out  in  small  parts. 
Place.     To  put  in  a  special  spot ,  to  order 
Place  in  order.     To  put  in  its  proper  place. 
Put  in  array.  1 
Put  in  order.    I 

Put  in  shape.  }■  To  arrange  in  regular  order. 
Put  in  trim. 
Put  to  rights. 

Rally.     To  collect  and  give  order  to. 
Range.     To  set  in  a  row ;  arrange. 
Rank.     To  arrange  in  a  particular  class  or  division. 
Ravel.     To  be  disengaged,  as  tangled  fibers. 
Reduce  to  order.     To  bring  into  an  orderly  condition. 
Register.     To  enter  in  a  book;  to  schedule.     See  Mark 
Regulate.     To  put  together  in  order  according  to  rule. 
Riddle.     To  sift ;  to  separate  good  from  worthless. 
Set  in  array,  "i 

Set  in  order.  >To  arrange  in  some  regular  order. 
Set  in  trim.  J 

KjSi  w*    }  To  arrange. 
Set  to  rights. )  s 

Settle.     To  put  down  firmly;  adjust. 

Sift.     To  use  a  sieve,  to  separate 

Size.     To  arrange  according  to  size. 


DISORGANIZATION— Verbs—  Continued. 

Jumble.     To  throw  together  in  confusion. 

Litter.     To  scatter,  as  hay  or  straw. 

Misarrange.     To  wrongly  arrange. 

Mislay.     To  lay  in  a  wrong  place. 

Misplace.     To  wrongly  place. 

Mix.     To  unite  substances  in  a  mass;  mingle.     See  Mixture. 

Muddle.     To  confuse  the  brain. 

Perplex.     To  fold  up  in  difficulties  and  complications. 

Perturb.     To  disturb  the  mind;  vex;  annoy. 

Put  into  disorder.     To  confuse. 

Put  out  of  joint.     To  put  out  of  working  order. 

Ravel.     To  bring  into  confusion ;  entangle. 

Riot.     To  act  in  a  riotous  manner;  raise  a  disturbance. 

Ruffle.     To  agitate. 

Rumple.     To  make  ridges  or  crumples.     See  Plicature.  . 

Scatter.     To  throw  broadcast ;  disperse. 

Shuffle.     To  move  awkwardly ;  mix  up  in  confusion. 

Tangle.     To  twist  up  so  as  difficult  to  unravel. 

Throw  into  disorder.     To  confuse.     See  Regularity-Irregularity. 

Throw  out  of  gear.     To  put  out  of  working  order. 

Toss.     To  agitate. 

Towzle.     To  disorder  or  make  shaggy. 

Trouble.     Put  in  commotion  of  any  kind;  agitate. 

Tumble.     To  turn  over  and  over,  throw  in  confusion. 

Turn  topsy-turvy.     To  turn  things  upside  down. 

Unhinge.     To  take  off  of  hinge ;  unbalance. 

Unsettle.     To  destroy  the  firmness  of. 

Disorganization — Adjectives. 
Deranged.     Unbalanced;  disordered.     See  Adjectives. 
Svncretical  i  Uniting  different  systems  of  philosophy  or  religion. 


ORGANIZATION— Verbs— Continued. 

Sort.     To  separate  into  kinds,  or  classes. 

String  together.     To  put  0:1  a  string  in  orderly  succession. 

Systematize.     To  reduce  to  orderly  arrangement. 

Tabulate.     To  arrange  in  a  list 

Thread.     To  pierce  through,  as  a  narrow  and  difficult  way. 

Unravel.     To  separate  tangled  parts. 

Organization — Adjectives. 

Arranged.     Put  together  in  order.     See  Verbs. 

Cut  and  dried.     Arranged  beforehand,  like  hay  or  firewood. 

Embattled.     Arranged  in  order  for  battle. 

In  battle  array.     Drawn  up  in  lines  of  battle. 

Methodical.     Having  arrangement  and  regularity 

Orderly.     Having  order,  systematic. 

Regular.     Going  according  to  rule. 

Systematic.     Acting  according  to  a  comprehensive  plan. 


ORGANIZATION— INORGANIZATION. 


Albumen.     A  nitrogenous  substance,  the  chief  constituent  of  the 

white  of  eggs. 
Animated  nature.     The  world  of  existing  or  living  creatures. 
Fossils.      Petrified  remains  of  prehistoric  organic  bodies. 
Living  beings.     The  living  existences,  as  distinguished  from  lifeless 

existences. 
Living  nature.     The  world  of  living  creatures. 

Organic  remains.     That  which  is  left  of  living  creatures  after  death. 
Organism.     An  organized  living  being. 
Organization.     The  state   of  being  in  systematic  connection  and 

cooperation. 
Organized  nature.)  The  creation  as  following  a  system  of  arrange- 
Organized  world.   )       mentsand  lews. 
Protein      Alkali  albumen,  originally  considered  to  be  the  basis  of  all 

alburr*inous  substances 
Protoplasm      A   soft,    viscid,   organic    compound   constituting  the 

greater  part  of  an  animal  or  vegetable  cell. 
Structure,  etc       The  organic  combination  and  arrangement  of  the 

parts  of  a  body  or  object      See  Texture. 

Organization — Scientific  Nouns. 
Anatomy.     The  science  which  treats  of  the  structure  of  organisms. 

See  Anatomy 
Biology.     The  science  of  life      See  Biology. 
Botanv      The  science  which  treats  of  plants      See  Botany. 
Chemistry.     The  science  which  treats  of  matter  as  composed  of  atoms. 

4/ 


Brute  matter.     The  world  of  irrationa  and  unthinking  beings, 

Inanimate  matter.     The  world  of  lLeless  or  inactive  substances 

Inorganic  matter.     Substance  devoid  of  organized  structure,  of  :he 

organs  necessary  to  life. 

Inorganization.     The  state  of  being  devoid  of  physical  structure. 

...  ...       .  ("That  grand  division  of  rature  which  embraces  all 

Mineral  kingdom.]      .      6       .       ..     .  «.  ,.        .  ,     -  ,  .    ~~ 

„-         ,         j,        -<      inorganic  objects,  as  distinguished  from  plants 

I      or  animals. 

Unorganized  matter.     Matter  devoid  of  the  organs  necessary  to  life. 

Inorganization — Scientific  Nouns. 

Geology.     The   science  which  treats  of  the  structure  of  the  earth. 

See  Geology 
Geognosy.     That  branch  of  geology  which  treats  cf  the  materials  of 

the  earth's  structure. 
Geoscopy.     Knowledge  of  the  earth  obtained  by  investigation. 
Lithology.     That  branch  of  geology  which  treats  of  rocks  and  their 

microscopic  character 
Metallography.     The  science  which  treats  of  metals. 
Metallurgy.     The  science  of  extracting  metals  from  ores. 
Mineralogy.     The  science  which  treats  of  minerals. 
Oryctography.     That  branch  of  natural  history  in  which  fossils  are 

described. 
Oryctology.     The  science  which  treats  of  fossil  organisms. 


ORGANIZATION. 


738 


ORTHODOXY— HETERODOXY . 


ORGANIZATION- 


ORGANIZATION- 

-Scientific  Nouns — Continued 


Natural  history.      That  branch  of  history  which  treats  of  nature  as 

separated  from  man 
Naturalist      One  who  studies  nature 
Organic  chemistry.      Chemistry  which  treats  of  the  substances  which 

form  the  structure  of  organized  beings 
Physiology      The  science  which  treats  of  the  functions  of  the  organs 

of  the  body 
Zoology      The  science  of  animal  life 

Organization — Adjectives. 
Organic.     Pertaining  to  or  composed  of  animal  or  vegetable  struc- 
tures 
Organized.     Brought  into  systematic  connection. 


INORGANIZATION— Continued. 

INORGANIZATION— Continued. 

INORGANIZATION — Verb 

Turn  to  dust.     To  change  into  inorganic  matter. 


Inorganization — Adjectives. 

Azoic.     Inorganic  .  without  life 

Inanimate.     Without  life 

Inorganic.     Devoid  of  systematic  physical  structure. 

Mineral.     Inorganic ,  pertaining  to  or  like  a  mineral. 


or'-gan-ize.  To  arrange  in  parts.  Creation-De- 
struction, Design,  Organization-Disorganiza- 
tion; organized  hypocrisy,  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

Qr'-gan-ized.  Arranged.  Organization-Inorganiza- 
tion. 

or"-gan-ol'-o-gy .  The  science  of  the  organs  of  the 
body.     Texture. 

or'-gasm.  Immoderate  excitement.  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

or'-gies.  Wanton  revelry.  Moderation  -Selfindul- 
gence. 

o'-ri-el.  A  window.  Angularity,  Architecture, 
Contents-Receiver,  Fane. 

O'-ri-ent.  The  East.  Laterality-Contraposition, 
Light-Darkness. 

0"-ri-en'-tal.  Eastern.  Laterality-Contraposi- 
tion; Oriental  topaz,  Embellishment- Disfigure- 
ment. 

o"-ri-en'-tate.     To  show  symmetry.     Mineralogy. 

o"-ri-en-ta'-tion.  A  principle  in  architecture.  Later- 
ality-Contraposition. 

or'-i-fice.  An  aperture.  Aperture-Closure,  Begin- 
ning-End. 

or'-i-flamme.   An  ensign.    Sign. 

Or'-i- gen-ism.  The  doctrines  of  Origen.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

or'-i-gin.  Commencement.  Beginning-End,  Cause- 
Effect;  derive  its  origin,  Cause-Effect. 

O-rig'-i-nal.  First  in  order;  not  imitated;  exceptional; 
inventive;  singular.  Cause-Effect,  Convention- 
ality-Unconventionality,  Copy-Model,  Fancy, 
Imitation  -  Originality,  Likeness  -  Unlikeness, 
Nature-Art,  Society-Laughingstock,  Univer- 
sality-Particularity, Volition-Obligation;  re- 
turn to  original  state,  Renovation-Relapse. 

0-rig"-i-nal'-i-ty.  Inventiveness.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Fancy,  Imitation-Original- 
ity, Likeness-Unlikeness,  Volition-Obligation, 
want  of  originality,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

c-rig'-i-nate.  To  spring  from;  to  create.  Beginning- 
End,  Cause-Effect,  Fancy,  Volition-Obligation; 
originate  in,  Cause-Effect. 

o-rig"-i-na'-tion.     Beginning      Cause-Effect. 

o-rig'-i-na"-tor.    Inventor.    Maker-Destroyer. 

O-ri'-on'sbelt.     A  constellation.    Universe. 


or"-is-mo-log'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  orismology.  Name- 
Misnomer. 

or"-is-mol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  denning.  Name-Mis- 
nomer, Word-Neology. 

or'-i-son.  A  prayer.  Devotion-Idolatry,  Petition- 
Expostulation. 

Or'-muzd.   The  spirit  of  good.     Jove-Fiend. 

or'-na-ment.  An  adornment.  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement, Embellishment-Simplicity,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit, Rhetoric,  Simplicity-Floridness; 
ornamental  art,  Embellishment-Disfigurement, 
Painting;  ornamental  garden,  Ocean-Land. 

or"-na-men-ta'-tion.  Decoration.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement. 

or'-na-ment-ed.  Decorated.  Embellishment-Disfig- 
urement, Simplicity-Floridness. 

or-nate'.  Greatly  ornamented.  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement, Simplicity-Floridness. 

or-nate  '-ness.  Beauty.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

or'-na-ture.  Decoration.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

ornavit,  nihil  tetigit  quod  non  [L.]  (or-ne'-vit,  ncii'hil 
tet'-i-iit  quod  non)  He  touched  nothing  without  em- 
bellishing it.   Taste- Vulgarity 

or-nis'-co-py.    Divination  by  birds.    Prophecy 

or"-nith-ol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  birds.  Zoology- 
Botany. 

or'-nith-o-man'-cy.   Augury.    Prophecy. 

oro  todo  le  que  reluce,  no  es  [Sp.]  (o'-ro  to'-do  le  ke  re- 
lutb'-e,  no  es) .  All  is  not  gold  that  glitters.  Credu- 
lousness-Skepticism,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

or'-phan.  A  child  deprived  of  its  parents  by  death.  In- 
fant-Veteran. 

Or'-pheus.    A  great  musician.   Musician. 

or'-pi-ment.  A  yellow  pigment.  Yellowness-Pur- 
ple. 

or'-re-ry.  An  astronomieal  apparatus.  Astronomy, 
Universe. 

or'-tho-dox.  Holding  the  correct  or  generally  accepted 
doctrine.  Conventionality-Unconventionality, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Truth-Error;  orthodox 
dissenter,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy 

or'-tho-dox"-y.  The  correct  belief.  Orthodoxy-Het- 
erodoxy. 


ORTHODOXY— HETERODOXY. 


flyperorthodoxy.     Excessive  orthodoxy 

Orthodoxy      Correctness  and  soundness  in  religious  doctrine. 

Soundness.     Correct  views  in  regard  to  creed. 

Strictness.     Close  conformity  to  doctrine  or  creed. 

True  faith.     The  correct  belief. 

Truth,  etc.     Correct  accordance  with  divine  law      See  Truth. 

Orthodoxy — Denotations 

Anglicanism.     The  principles  of  the  established  Church  of  England. 
Apostles'  Creed.     The  most  widely  accepted  confession  of  faith  in 
Christendom. 


Apostasy.     A  total  falling  from  one's  religion  or  creed. 

Error,  etc.     A  mistake,  something  false      See  Truth-Error. 

False  doctrine.     Incorrect  doctrine. 

Heresy.  A  view  of  religious  matters  at  variance  from  accepted  doc- 
trines 

Heterodoxy.  The  state  of  being  at  variance  from  any  established  re- 
ligious doctrine 

Schism.     A  division  of  a  Church  into  factions. 

Schismaticalness  The  state  of  being  separated  from  the  established 
Church  because  of  a  variance  in  doctrine. 

Schismaticism.     A  schism. 


ORTHODOXY. 


739 


ORTHODOXY— HETERODOXY. 


ORTHODOXY— HETERODOXY—  Continued 


ORTHODOXY— Denotations— Continued. 

Apostolic  Church.     The  Church  universal  holding  the  apostolic  faith. 
Athanasian  Creed.     The  confession  of  faith  said  to  have  been  written 

by  Athanasius. 
Baptist.     A  denomination   of  Christians  who  deny  the  validity  of 

infant  baptism,  and  insist  that  infant  baptism  should  be  by  immer- 
sion. 
Body  of  Christ.      The  collective  body  of  Christians. 
Broad  Church.     A  portion  of  the  Church  of  England. 
Calvinism.     The  theological  doctrine  of  John  Calvin. 
Caivinist.     A  believer  in  Calvinism. 
Canonist,  etc.     A  person  well-versed  in  Church  or  canon  law.     See 

Theology. 
Canons     Those  books  of  the  Bible  recognized  as  inspired.     See  Faith  . 
Catechism.     A  short  outHne  of  the  rudiments  of  a  religious  creed- 
Catholic.     A  person  who  accepts  the  creeds  which  are  received  in 

common  by  all  parts  of  the  orthodox  Christian  Church. 
Catholic  Church.     The  universal  Church. 

Catholicism.     The  practises  and  doctrines  of  the  universal  Church. 
Catholicity       Conformity  to  the  system  of  doctrine  held  by  all  parts 

of  the  orthodox  Christian  Church 
Christendom.     That  part  of  the  world  where  Christianity  prevails 
Christian.      A  believer  in  Christ. 
Christian  community.     A  body  of  Christians. 
Christianise.     Christianity 
Christianity.     Christian  doctrines  and  beliefs. 

Christian  Science.     A  cult  organized  by  Mary  Eddy  for  curing  dis- 
ease by  prayer. 
Church.     The  body  of  Christian  believers. 
Church  of  Christ.     The  Christian  Church. 
Church  of  Rome.     The  Roman  Catholic  Church. 
Collective  body  of  Christians.     The  body  of  Christian  believers. 
Congregitionalist.      One  who  belongs  to  the  Congregational  Church. 
Discipiss  of  Christ.     A  Christian  denomination  which  rejects  human 

creeds  and  sectarian  names 
Dowieite.     A  follower  of  Alexander  Dowie  a  healer  by  pr  yer 
Episcopalian.     One  who  belongs  to  an  Episcopal  Church,  or  adheres 

to  the  episcopal  form  of  Church  government. 
Erastian.     One  of  the  followers  of  Thomas  Erastus,  who  held  that 

the  holy  communion  was  open  to  all 
Established  Church.     A  Church  supported  by  the  civil  power,  the 

Church  of  England. 
Followers  of  Christ.     The  body  of  Christians. 
Free    Church.      An    ecclesiastical    body   that   separated   from    the 

Church  of  Scotland 
Greek  Church.     The  Greek  Catholic  Church. 
High  Church.     An  ecclesiastical  body  in  the  Church  of  England  and 

the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  who  emphasize  the  doctrine  of 

apostolic  succession,  etc 
Huguenot.     A  French  Protestant. 
Iconoclasm.     The  destruction  of  images  of  worship. 
Independent.     One  who  believes  that  an  organized  Christian  Church 

is  independent  of  all  ecclesiastical  authority. 
Irvingite,     A  body  of  Christians  highly  ritualistic  in  worship,  who 

look  for  a  speedy  coming  of  Christ.     [Rev    Edward  Irving,  1830.3 
Latter-day  Saint.     A  member  of  the  Mormon  Church. 
Low  Church.     An  ecclesiastical  body  in  the  Church  of  England  and 

the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  which  rejects  the  tenets  of  the 

Hi^jh  Church  school. 
Lutheran.     One    who  adheres  to  the  doctrines  of  Luther  or  the 

Lutheran  Church. 
Members  of  Christ.     Christian  believers. 
Methodism.     The  doctrines  of  a  sect  of  Christians,  which  teach  a 

methodical  strictness  in  all  religious  duties. 
Methodist.     A  believer  in  Methodism 
Moravianism.     The  religious  system  of  the  Moravians,  a  branch  of 

the  Hussites. 
Mormon.     A  follower  of  Joseph  Smith,  who  believes  in  polygamy 

and  Church  control  over  civil  matters. 
Nicene  Creed.     The  Trinitarian  creed  adopted  at  Nice,  Asia  Minor. 
Orthodox  dissenter.     One  who  separates  from  the  worship  and  ser- 
vice of  an  established  Church 
Papacy.    "The"  Roman  Catholic  religion. 

Papism.     Religion  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church :  an  offensive  term. 
Papistry.     The  doctrines  and  ceremonies  of  the  Church  of  Rome. 
Presbyterian.     A  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
Protestant.     A  Christian  who  does  not  belong  to  the  Roman  Catholic 

or  Greek  Church. 
Protestantism.      The  principles  or  religion  of  the  Protestants. 
Puritan.      English  Protestants  and  their  followers  who  advocated 

simpler  forms  of  faith  and  worship  than  those  established  by  law. 
Puritanism.     The  teachings  of  the  Puritans. 


Heterodoxy — Denotations. 

Abdal.     A  Mohammedan  worshiper. 

Agnostic.     One  who  acknowledges  ignorance  as  to  the  future  state, 

or  of  a  God. 
Albigenses.     A  sect  of  reformers. 
Anabaptism.     The  doctrine  of  a  mystical  German  sect  very  radical 

in  its  opinions. 
Anabaptist.     A  believer  in  Anabaptism. 
Antichrist.      An  opponent  of  Christ. 

Antinomianism.     Doctrine  that  faith  frees  a  Christian  from  moral  law 
Arianism.     The  doctrines  of  Arius,  who  held  Christ  to  be  inferior  to. 

God  the  Father,  in  nature  and  dignity. 
Atheism.     Disbelief  or  denial  of  the  existence  of  a  God. 
Backsliding.     A  falling  back  into  sin  or  error. 
Bibliolatry.     Excessive  worship  of  the  letter  of  the  Bible. 
Bigot.     A  person  who  regards  his  own  faith  and  views  in  matters  of 

religion  as  unquestionably  right. 
Bigotry.      Unreasoning  attachment  to  one's  own  belief  and  opinions. 
■    See  Bigotry. 

t,     h         "  j"  A  person  of  the  highest  priestly  class  among  the  Hindus. 

Brahminism.    The  religion  or  system  of  doctrines  taught  by  Brahma. 

Brownian.     A  member  of  an  independent  Church. 

Bryanite.     A  Bible  Christian. 

Buddhism.     The  religion  taught  by  the  Hindu  sage,  Buddha. 

Buddhist.     One  who  accepts  the  teachings  of  Buddha. 

Deism.     A  belief  in  God,  but  a  denial  of  supernatural  revelation. 

Deist.  One  who  believes  in  the  existence  cf  a  God,  but  denies  re- 
vealed religion. 

Dissent,  etc.  Separation  from  an  established  Church  See  Assent- 
Dissent. 

Dissenter.  One  who  separates  from  the  service  and  worship  of  an  es- 
tablished Church. 

Ditheism.     The  belief  that  there  are  two  equal  gods. 

Dualism.  The  doctrine  that  a  distinct  divine  and  human  personality, 
exists  in  Christ. 

Ebionite.  One  of  a  sect  of  heretics  in  the  first  centuries  of  the  Church, 
whose  doctrine  was  a  mixture  ot  Judaism  and  Christianity. 

Emanatist.  One  who  maintains  that  all  things  are  produced  by  an 
evolution  from  a  Divine  Being. 

Erastianism.  The  doctrine  that  the  state  has  supreme  control  in 
Church  matters. 

Essene.  One  of  a  sect  of  Jews  remarkable  for  their  strictness  and  ab- 
stinence 

Ethicism.     The  belief  that  ethics  should  govern  all  human  conduct. 

Fusebian.     A  believer  in  Arianism. 

Familist.  A  religious  sect  who  held  that  religion  consists  wholly  in 
love. 

Fanatic.      One  who  indulges  wild  and  extravagantnotionsof  religion. 

Fanaticism.     Wild  and  extravagant  notions  on  religion. 

Fire-worshiper.     One  who  worships  fire. 

Gentile.     A  worshiper  of  false  gods. 

Gentiiism.     The  state  of  being  a  Gentile. 

Gentoo.     A  Hindu. 

Giaour.  The  Moslem  name  for  a  person  who  does  not  believe  in  their 
religion. 

Glassite.  A  member  of  a  small  Christian  sect  holding  communion 
weekly. 

Gnostic.     A  believer  in  Gnosticism. 

Gnosticism.  A  semi-pagan,  semi-Chr!stian  system  of  religion,  exist- 
ing until  the  sixth  century. 

Gymnosophist.  One  of  a  sect  of  philosophers  in  India,  who  denied 
themselves  the  use  of  flesh,  bodily  pleasures,  and  employed  them- 
selves in  the  contemplation  of  nature. 

Heathen.     One  who  worships  idols. 

Heathendom.     That  part  of  the  world  where  heathenism  prevails. 

Heathenism.     The  religious  system  or  rites  of  a  heathen  nation. 

Hebrew.     A  descendant  of  Abraham. 

Heretic.  One  who  believes  some  doctrine  contrary  to  the  established 
faith. 

Hinduism,     The  religious  doctrines  and  rites  of  the  Hindus. 

Hylotheism.  The  doctrine  that  God  and  the  natural  universe  are 
identical. 

Iconoclast.     An  image -breaker. 

Idolater,  etc.     A  worshiper  of  idols.     See  Devotion-Idolatry. 

Idolatry.     The  worship  of  anything  which  is  not  God. 

Islamism.     The  faith  or  religious  system  of  the  Mohammedans. 

Jansenism.  A  system  in  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  holding  the 
doctrines  of  irresistible  grace  and  total  depravity. 

Jew.     A  descendant  of  Abraham. 

Jovianist.  A  believer  in  the  doctrines  of  Jovinian,  who  denied  the 
virginity  of  Mary 


ORTHODOXY. 


740 


ORTHODOXY— HETERODOXY. 


ORTHODOXY— HETERODOXY— Continued. 


ORTHODOXY— Denotations— Continued. 

Quakerism.     The  doctrines  of  the  Quakers. 

Religious  sects.     Religious  societies  having  distinguishing  doctrines 

or  forms  of  worship. 
Religious  truth.  The  doctrine  as  upheld  by  a  particular  denomination. 
Roman  Catholic.     A  member  of  the  Church  of  Rome. 
Romanism.     The  principles  of  the  Church  of  Rome. 
Romanist.     One  who  adheres  to  the  tenets  of  the  Church  of  Rome 
Sandemanian.     A  follower  of  Robert  Sandeman.  a  Scotch  sectary  of 

the  eighteenth  century. 
Sublapsarian.     One  of  a  class  of  Calvinists  who  consider  the  election 

of  grace  is  made  from  men  considered  as  fallen. 
Supralapsarian.      A  class  of    Calvinists  who  regard  the  election  as 

made  from  men  considered  without  reference  to  the  fall. 
Swedenborgian.     A  follower  of  Emanuel  Swedenborg. 
Temple  of  the  Holy  Ghost.     The  Christian  believer. 
Textuary.     One  who  adheres  closely  to  the  text. 
The  Church.     The  body  of  Christian  believers. 
The  Faith  once  delivered  to  the  saints.     The  apostolic  faith. 
Thirty-nine  Articles.     The  thirty-nine  doctrines  formulated  by  a 

convocation  of  the  Churcn  of  England. 
True  believer.     An  orthodox  Christian. 
Universal  Church.     The  Christian  Church. 
Wesleyan.     A  follower  of  John  Wesley. 
Zion.     The  Christian  Church. 

Orthodoxy — Adjectives. 
Catholic,     Not  heretical;  in  accordance  with  the  adopted  faith. 
Christian.     Of  or  pertaining  to  Christ  or  His  doctrine. 
Divine.     Pertaining  to  or  of  God. 

Evangelical.     Pertaining  to  the  fundamental  Protestant  doctrines. 
Faithful.     Full  of  faith  .  strong  in  his  convictions. 
Monotheistic.     Believing  in  one  God. 
Orthodox.     Sound  or  correct  in  religious  doctrine. 
Protestant.     Opposed  to  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. 
Reformed.     Corrected  or  amended  in  religious  doctrine. 
Romish,     Belonging  to  the  Roman  Church 
Schismless.     Without  division  in  a  Church. 
Scriptural.     According  to  Scripture, 
dound.     Correct  in  creed. 
Strict.     Observing  exactly. 
True,  etc.     Correct.     See  Truth. 


HETERODOXY — Denotations — Continued  from  Column  a. 
Skeptic,  etc.     A  person  who  doubts  the  existence  and  perfections  of 

God.     See  Godliness-Disbelief. 
Don.     A  member  of  a  sect  of  Persian  mystics,  who  believe  in  a  form  of 

pantheism. 
Soofeeism.     A  refined  mysticism  among  a  sect  of  Mohammedans. 
Superstition,  etc      Irrational  worship  of  the  Supreme  Being.     See 

Credulousness. 
Syncretism.     A    1 7th   century  movement   to   unite   all    Protestant 

Churches. 
Synergism.     The  doctrine  of  the  cooperation  of  the  soul  with  divine 

grace  in  its  salvation 
Theism.     Belief  in  the  existence  of  a  God. 
Theist.     One  who  believes  in  God. 

Tractarian.     One  of  the  writers  of  the  Oxford  Tracts   on  the  sacra- 
mental system  and  the  authority  of  the  Church  of  England. 
Tractariamsm      The  principles  of  the  Tractarians. 
Tritheism.     The  doctrine  that  the  Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Ghost  are 

three  distinct  Gods 
Turkism.     The  Turkish  religion. 
Ubiquitarian .     One  of  a  group  of  Lutheran  divines  who  believed  that 

the  body  of  Christ  was  everywhere  especially  in  the  eucharist. 
Ultramontane.     One   who   maintains  extreme   views  favoring  the 

pope's  supremacy 
Cltramontanism.    The  principles  of  those  within  the  Roman  Catholic 

Church  who  maintain  extreme  views  favoring  the  pope's  supremacy. 
.Unitarian.     One  who  believes  that  God  exists  only  in  one  person. 
Universalist.     A  believer  in  the  doctrine  that  all  souls  will  finally  be 

saved. 

H  ei  erodox  y — A  dj'ectwes. 

&nti  christian.     Opposed  to  Christianity. 
Antiscriptural.     Opposed  to  Scripture. 

Apocryphal.      Pertaining  to  the  fourteen  books  contained  in  the  Vul- 
gate version,  but  held  uncanonical  by  Protestant  Churches. 
Bigoted,  etc.     Stubbornly  attached  to  a  creed.     See  Bigotry. 
Boodhist.     Relating  to  Buddhism 
Brahminical.     Relating  to  Brahminism. 
Dissident.     Not  agreeing  with ;  differing  from. 


HETERODOXY — Denotations — Continued. 

Judaism.     The  religious  doctrines  and  rites  of  the  Jews. 

Labadist.  A  believer  in  mysticism,  and  the  obligation  of  community 
of  property  among  Christians 

Lamaism.     A  modified  form  of  Buddhism. 

Latitudinarian.  One  indifferent  to  a  strict  application  of  any  stand- 
ard of  belief. 

Latitudinarianism.     Indifference  to  any  fixed  standard  of  belief. 

Magi.     A  member  of  an  ancient  Persian  priesthood. 

Materialism.     The  doctrine  of  a  materialist. 

Materialist.  One  who  denies  the  existence  of  spiritual  substances  of 
agents. 

os  em.        1  ^n  orthodox  Mohammedan. 
Mussulman.) 
Mythology.         The  collective  myths  which  describe  the  gods  of  a 

heathen  people. 
Neoplatonism.     A  pantheistic  school  of  philosophy.      See  Neopla- 

tonism. 
Nestorian.     An  adherent  of  Nestorius,  who  maintained  that  the  di- 
vine and  human  natures  were  not  merged  into  one  in  Christ. 
Non-conformist.       One  who  does   not  conform   to   an  established 

Church 
Non-conformity.     Refusal  to  unite  with  an  established  Church. 
Nonjuror.     A  Jacobite. 
Novatians.      One  of  the  sect  of  Novatians  who  held  that  the  lapsed 

might  not  be  received  into  communion,  and  that  second  marriagej 

were  unlawful. 
Origenism.     The  doctrine  of  Origen,  that  all  created  beings,  includ 

ing  Satan,  will  be  saved. 
Osmanly.     A  Turk. 
Pagan.     One  who  worships  false  gods. 
Paganism.     The  practise  of  worshiping  false  gods. 
Painim.     A  pagan;  an  infidel. 
Pantheist.     One  who  believes  that  the  universe,  taken  as  a  whele,  \* 

God 
Parsee.     One  who  adheres  to  the  old  Persian  religion. 
Paynim.     A  pagan 
Polytheism.     Belief  in  many  gods. 
Polytheist.     One  who  believes  in  many  gods. 
Positivism.     A  philosophical  system  holding  that  man  can  know 

nothing  but  the  phenomena  of  things. 
Positivist.     A  believer  in  positivism,  a  system  of  philosophy  which 

deals  only  with  positives. 
Precisianism.     The  practise  of  one  ceremoniously  exact  in  the  ob- 
servance of  religious  rules. 
Puseyism.     The  system  of  doctrines  propounded  by  Dr.  Pusey  and 

other  English  clergymen. 
Quietism.     The  doctrine   that  spiritual   exaltation  is  attained  only 

by  fixing  the  soul  on  religious  contemplation. 
Rabbist.     One  among  the  Jews  who  adhered  to  the  Talmud  and  the 

traditions  of  the  rabbins. 
Recusancy.     Non  -conformity. 
Recusant.     A  non v conformist. 

Ritualism.     Adherence  to-a  prescribed  form  of  religious  worship. 
Ritualist.     One  who  advocates  ritualism. 
Rosicrucian.     One  of  a  school  of  philosophy,  claiming  t»  be  deeply 

versed  in  the  secrets  of  nature. 
Sabbatarianism.     The  doctrine  which  teaches  the  observance  of  the 

seventh  day  of  the  week  as  holy. 
Sabellianism.     The  doctrine  that  there  is  only  one  person  in  the  God* 

head. 
Sabian.    One  of  a  small  Oriental  sect  whose  doctrines  were  a  mixture 

of  Christianity,  Judaism,  Mohammedanism,  and  heathenism. 
Sabianism.     That  species  of  idolatry  which  consists  in  worshiping 

the  sun.  moon,  and  stars. 
Sacramentarian.     One  opposing  Luther's  doctrine  of  the  eucharist. 
Sadducee.     One  of  a  sect  among  the  ancient  Tews  who  denied  th« 

resurrection,  a  future  state,  and  the  existence  cf  angels. 
Sandemanian.     One  of  the  sect  of  Glascites 

Scarlet  Woman.     A  personification  of  pagan  or  papal  Rome.      [Ref- 
lation xvii,  4,  5.] 
Schismatic.     One  who  creates  or  takes  part  in  schism. 
Seceder.     One  who  withdraws  from  an  established  Church. 
Sectarian.     A  member  or  adherent  of  a  special  denomination 

Sectarianism.|  Excessive  denominational  zeal. 

Sectansm.       > 

Sectarist.     A  sectary 

Sectary.     A  dissenter. 

Secularism.     The  practise  of  rejecting  every  form  of  religious  fa'th. 

and  accepting  only  the  facts  and  influences  of  the  present  life 
Separatist.     One  who  withdraws  from  an  established  Church. 
(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


ORTHODOXY. 


741 


OUTBRAVE. 


HETERODOXY— Adjectives— Continued. 


Fth'C'  1  I  P^a11"'  pertaining  to  nations  neither  Christian  nor  Jew. 

Fanatical.     Moved  with  excessive  and  intemperate  zeal. 

Gentile.     Pertaining  to  a  person  that  is  not  a  Jew. 

Heathen.     Irreligious;  a  dweller  on  the  heath. 

Heathenish.     Like  a  heathen. 

Heretical.     At  variance  with  accepted  religious  views. 

Heterodox.     Differing  from  accepted  doctrines  or  religious  opinions. 

Iconoclastic.     Pertaining  to  iconoclasm  or  image-breaking. 

Idolatrous,  etc.  Pertaining  to  the  worship  of  heathen  gods.  See  De- 
votion-Idolatry. 

Judaical.     Relating  to  the  Jews. 

Judaism,  etc.     Pertaining  to  the  Jewish  religion.    See  Nouns. 

Mohammedan.     Relating  to  the  Mohammedan  religion. 

Pagan.  Heathen,  not  Christian,  pertaining  to  the  worship  of 
heathen  gods ;  a  dweller  in  a  village. 


Painim.     Pagan. 

Pantheistic.     Pertaining   to  the  belief   that  the    universe  and  God 

are  identical. 
Polytheism.     Pertaining  to  the  belief  in  many  gods. 
Recusant.     Refusing  to  conform  to  accepted  doctrines. 
Schismatic.     Pertaining  to  a  schism  or  a  division  in  a  Church. 
Sectarian.     Excessively  devoted  to  a  sect. 
Secular,  etc.     Pertaining  to  the  present  life.     See  Ministry. 
Superstitious,  etc.    Pertaining  to  credulous  belief  in  the  supernatural. 

See  Credulousness. 
Uncanonical.     Not  according  to  canon. 
Unchristian.     Not  Christian. 
Unorthodox.     Not  firm  and  sound  in  doctrine. 
Unscriptural.     Not  in  accordance  with  Scripture. 
Visionary,  etc.     Pertaining  to  dreams  or  apparitions.     See  Fancy. 


or'-tho-ep"-y.  Pronunciation.  Vocalization-Mute- 
ness. 

or-thog'-o-nal.    Rectangular.    Erectness-Flatness. 

or-thog'-ra-phy.   Spelling.    Letter. 

or-thol'-o-gy.    Naming.    Truth-Error. 

or-thom'-e-try.  Versification.  Mensuration,  Poetry- 
Prose. 

or"-tho-pe'-di-a.    Surgery.    Remedy-Bane. 

or'-tho-prax"-y.    Right-doing.    Remedy-Bane. 

or"-tho-rhom'-bic.  Pertaining  to  crystal-forms.  Min- 
eralogy. 

orts.  Leavings.  Increment-Remnant,  Usefulness- 
Uselessness. 

or-yc-tog'-ra-phy.  Description  of  fossils.  Organiza- 
tion-In  organization. 

or"-yc-tol'-o-gy.    Science  of  fossils.    Organization-In- 

ORGANIZATION,  Z0OLOGY-B0TANY. 

os,  aux  absents,  les  [F.]  (oz,  oz  ab-scuvt',  lez).  The  bones 
for  the  absent  ones.     [Let  them  take  what  they  can 

get.] 

os'-cil-late.  To  waver.  Mutability-Stability,  Vibra- 
tion. 

os'-cil-la-ting.    "Wavering.    Vibration. 

os"-cil-la'-tion.  Swinging.  Periodicity-Irregular- 
ity, Vibration  ;  center  of  oscillation,  Center. 

os'-cil-la-to"-ry.    Swinging.    Vibration. 

os'-ci-tan-cy.  Dulness;  yawning.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Aperture-Closure. 

os'-ci-tant.     Yawning.     Aperture-Closure. 

os"-ci-ta'-tion.  Yawning  lazily.  Activity-Indo- 
lence. 

os'-cu-late.    To  kiss.    Interspace-Contact. 

os"-cu-la'-tion.  Kissing.  Blandishment,  Inter- 
space-Contact. 

os'-cu-la-to"-ry.  Pertaining  to  kissing.  Interspace- 
Contact. 

O-si'-ris.     Egyptian  god.    Jove-Fiend. 

Os-man'-li.  Turkish  official.  Orthodoxy-Hetero- 
doxy. 

Os'-sa  on  Pe'-li-on.  Mountain  piled  on  mountain. 
Gathering-Scattering,  Heaviness-Lightness. 

os'-se-ous.    Bony.    Hardness-Softness. 

os-sif'-ic.    Bone-forming.    Hardness-Softness. 

os"-si-fi-ca'-tion.  Formation  of  bones.  Hardness- 
Softness. 

os'-si-fy.    To  change  to  bone.    Hardness-Softness. 

os'-su-a-ry.    Grave-mound.    Life-Funeral. 

os-ten'-si-ble .  Seeming.  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Likelihood-Unlikelihood,  Manifestation- 
Latency,  Pretext. 

os-ten'-si-bly.  Seemingly.  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Pretext. 

os"-ten-ta'-tion.    Show.    Conceit-Diffidence,  Pomp. 

os"-ten-ta'-tious.    Showy.  Conceit-Diffidence,  Pomp. 

os"-te-ol'-o-gy.    Science  of  the  bones.    Texture. 

ss'-ti-a-ry.  Estuary.  Aperture-Closure,  Gulf- 
Plain. 


os'-tra-cism.  Exclusion.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Exculpation-Punition,  Sociability-Privacy. 

os'-tra-cize.  To  banish.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Recompense-Punition,  Sociability-Privacy. 

os'-trich.  Large  bird.  Stomach  of  an  ostrich,  Fasting- 
Gluttony. 

O-thel'-lo.  A  Moor  in  Shakespeare's  Othello.  Othello's 
occupation's  gone,  Commission-Retirement. 

oth'-er.  Not  oneself.  Variation  ;  do  unto  others  as 
we  would  men  should  do  unto  us,  Unselfishness- 
Selfishness;  enter  into  the  feelings  of  others,  Chari- 
tableness-Malevolence ;  every  other,  Periodicity- 
Irregularity;  in  other  words,  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation;  just  the  other  way,  Sameness- 
Contrast;  other  extreme,  Sameness-Contrast; 
other  side  of  the  shield,  Evidence-Counterevidence; 
other  things  to  do,  Activity-Indolence;  other  time, 
Time;  put  oneself  in  the  place  of  others,  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness; the  other  day,  Novelty-An- 
tiquity. 

oth'-er-wise".    Different.    Likeness-Unlikeness. 

otia  fecit,  Deus  nobis  h<EC  [L.]  (o'-shi-a  fi'-sit,  di'-usno'- 
bishec).  God  has  given  us  this  ease.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 

otium  cum  dignitate  [L.]  (o'-shi-um  cum  dig'-ni-tS'-ti) . 
Rest  with  honor.    Hurry-Leisure. 

ot'-ter-hound".     A  dog.     Fauna-Flora. 

ot'-to-man.    Seat.    Suspension-Support. 

ou"-bli-ette'.  Dungeon.  Exposure-Hidingplace,  Re- 
lease-Prison. 

oufe.   Elf.   Jove-Fiend. 

ough.  Fie,  for  shame.    Reputation-Discredit. 

ought.  Owes.  Ought  to  be,  Right-Wrong;  ought  to 
be  done,  Duty-Dereliction. 

oui-dire  [F.]  (ui-dir').    Hearsay.    Tidings. 

ounce.  Small  weight.  Heaviness-Lightness,  Meas- 
ure. 

our-selves'.  A  first  person  reflexive  pronoun.  Human- 
ity. 

oust,  To  eject.  Admission-Expulsion,  Commission- 
Abrogation,  Taking-Restitution. 

out.  Outside;  in  error.  Outside-Inside,  Truth-Er- 
ror; come  out,  Exposure-Hidingplace,  Visibility- 
Invisibility;  go  out,  Entrance-Exit,  Heating- 
Cooling;  out  and  out,  Entirety-Deficiency;  out 
at  elbows,  Affluence-Penury,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit; out  at  heels,  Affluence-Penury;  out  ia 
one's  reckoning,  Truth-Error;  out  of,  Excess- 
Lack,  Motive-Caprice;  out  upon  it,  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Charitableness-Curse;  out  with  it 
Charitableness-Curse,  Exposure-Hidingplace 
Mark-Obliteration. 

out-bal'-ance.     To  weigh  down.     Compensation,  Su- 

PREMACY-SUBORDINACY. 

out-bid'.    To  bid  more  than.    Exchange. 
out-brave'.     To  be  braver  than.     Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness. 


OUTBRAZEN. 


742 


OUTLAY— INCOME. 


OUt-bra'-zen.  To  be  bolder  than.  Presumption-Ob- 
sequiousness. 

0UK~break""  BeSinning;  excitement;  riot.  Attack- 
Defense,  Beginning-End,  Entrance-Exit,  Ex- 
citability-Inexcitabihty,  Insubordination-Obe- 
dience, Turbulence-Calmness,  Variance-Accord. 

out'-burst".  Riot;  excitement.  Entrance-Exit,  Ex- 
citability-Inexcitability,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

out'-cast".  Exile.  Conventionality-Unconvention- 
ality,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Sociability-Privacy. 

out'-cooie".     Result.     Entrance-Exit,  Gain-Loss. 

out'-crop".     Exposed  rock.     Geology. 

out'-cry".  Loud  cry.  Approval-Disapproval,  Cry- 
Ululation,  Jubilation-Lamentation. 

out-do'.  Exceed.  Activity-Indolence,  Subordi- 
nacy, Success-Failure,  Supremacy-Subordina- 
tion, Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

out'-door".     Outside.     Outside-Inside. 

out'-er.     Without.     Outside-Inside. 

out'-er-most".     Farthest  out.     Outside-Inside. 

out-face'.     To  defy.     Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

out'-fit.  Garments;  equipment.  Dress-Undress, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

out-flank'.  To  pass  around;  to  defeat.  Laterality- 
Contraposition,  Success-Failure. 

out'-gate".     Outlet.     Entrance-Exit. 


out-gen'-er-al.  Surpass  in  maneuver.  Success-Fail- 
ure. 

out"-go'.  To  go  faster  than.  Transcursion-Short- 
coming. 

out'-go"-ing.    Leaving.    Entrance-Exit. 

out'-go"-ings.    Expenses.    Outlay-Income. 

out-grow'.  To  grow  faster  than.  Enlargement-Dimi- 
nution. 

out'-growth" .     Excrescence.     Cause-Effect. 

out"-Her'-od.  To  outdo  in  cruelty.  Supremacy-Sub- 
ordinacy,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

out'-house".     Small  building.     Contents-Receiver. 

out'-ing.     Excursion.     Traveling-Navigation. 

out"-jump'.  To  excel  in  jumping.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit, Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

out-land'-ish.  Uncouth;  foreign.  Connection-Inde- 
pendence, Conventionality-Unconventionality, 
Society-Ludicrousness,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

out-last'.    To  endure  longer  than.    Lastingness-Tran- 

SIENTNESS. 

out'-law".  A  freebooter.  Conventionality-Uncon- 
ventionality,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Sociability- 

•     Privacy. 

out'-law"-ry.  The  state  of  being  proscribed.  Law- 
Lawlessness. 

out'-lay".     Expense.     Outlay-Income. 


OUTLAY— I NCOM  E. 


Bribe.  A  price,  reward,  or  gift  promised  with  a  view  to  pervert  the 
judgment  or  corrupt  the  conduct  of  a  person.     See  Recompense. 

Circulation.     Circulating  coin. 

Contingent.  Monthly  allowance  to  an  army  captain  to  defray  in- 
cidental charges. 

Deposit.     Money  lodged  with  a  bank  subject  to  order. 

Disbursement.     That  which  is  paid  out. 

Donation.     That  which  is  Riven  as  a  present.     See  Giving. 

Earnest.     Money  deposited  as  evidence  of  good  faith. 

■p  '  i  That  which  is  expended  or  paid  out. 

Fee.     Compensation  for  services  rendered. 

Footing.  A  sum  paid  on  entering  a  position  or  profession  to  treat 
one's  companions. 

Garnish,     A  fee  paid  by  a  new  prisoner. 

Handsel.      Earnest  money. 

Instalment.  A  sum  of  money  which  is  divided  into  portions  payable 
at  different  times.  B 

Investment.  The  amount  of  money  paid  in  the  purchase  of  some 
species  of  property. 

Money  going  out.     Expenditure. 

Outgoings.     The  amount  of  money  which  goes  out. 

Outlay.     That  which  is  expended. 

Pay  in  advance.     Money  given  before  its  equivalent  is  received 

Payment.     That  which  is  given  in  discharge  of  a  debt. 

Prime  cost.     The  first  or  lowest  cost.     See  Price. 

Purchase.  That  which  is  obtained  for  a  price  in  money.  See  BUY- 
ING. 

Quota.     A  proportional  part  or  share. 

Run  upon  a  bank.  A  sudden  withdrawal  of  money  from  a  bank  by 
many  depositors. 

Subsidy.  A  grant  to  assist  in  the  establishment  or  support  of  an  en- 
terprise 

Tribute.  A  stated  sum  of  money  paid  by  one  ruler  or  nation  to 
another,  either  as  an  acknowledgment  of  submission,  or  as  the 
price  of  peace  and  protection. 

Outlay —  Verbs. 

Bleed.     To  get  money  from  by  artifice. 

Disburse.     To  give  out  from  the  treasury. 

Expend.     To  spend  in  large  amounts. 

Fee.     To  pay  a  fee  to.     See  Recompense. 

Invest.     To  lay  out  capital  so  as  to  get  gain  from  it. 

Pay.     To  give  value  in  return. 

Spend.     To  give  out  money  for  anything. 

Subscribe.  To  promise  to  pay  for  the  benefit  of  some  common  in- 
terest. 

Subsidize.    To  pay  a  regular  allowance  in  furtherance  of  some  project. 
Outlay — Verbal  Expressions. 

Fork  out;  get  through;  layout;  loose  the  purse-strings;  make  up  a 
sum;  open  the  purse-strings;  pay  one's  way;  run  through;  shell 
out;  sink  money;  untie  the  purse-strings. 


Alimony.     Money  allowed  a  divorced  woman  from  her  former  hus 

band's  estate. 
Annuity.     An  annual  allowance. 

Bonus.     An  extra  allowance  depending  on  conditions. 
Earnings.     That  which  a  person  earns      See  Gain. 
Emolument.     Compensation  connected  with  an  office  or  position. 

See  Recompense. 
Gross  receipts.     Total  receipts,  before  they  are  diminished  by  any 

reduction,  as  for  expenses. 
Income.      \ 

Incomings.  >■  Amount  of  salary,  wages,  etc.,  per  month  or  year. 
Innings.      J 
Jointure.     Settlement  of  lands,  instead  of    a  dower,  on  a  woman 

upon  marriage.     See  Property. 
Money  coming  in.     Income. 

Net  profit.     The  sum  left  after  all  expenses  are  paid. 
Pension.     Regular  allowance  made  to  one  for  services  rendered. 
Pittance.     A  very  small  allowance. 
Premium.     Prize  given  for  excellence. 
Proceeds.     Amount  gotten  in  any  business  transaction. 
Rack  rent.     Excessive  rent,  nearly  equal  to  the  annual  value  of  the 

property  rented. 
Receipt.     That  which  is  received. 
Rent.     Sum  paid  at  stated  periods  for  use  of  property. 

Rpntal    "  J  ^e  wnole  sum  paid  for  use  of  property. 

Rent  roll.     An  account  of  rents  or  income. 

Return.     Profit. 

Revenue.     Income. 

Sweepstakes.     Stakes  so  arranged  in  betting  that  one  person  wins  all. 

Tontine.     An  annuity  granted  to  several  so  that  at  the  death  of  one 

his  share  goes  to  the  others. 
Value  received.     Consideration  given  for  anything. 

Income — Verbs. 

Accrue.     To  increase,  as  profit.     See  Giving-Receivino. 

Acquire.     To  gain  gradually.     See  Gain. 

Afford.     To  be  able  to  bear  the  expense. 

Bring  in.     To  gain  by  exertion  or  effort. 

Derive  from.)  ™      ,A  .  .  , 

Draw  from.  J         obtam  an  income  from. 

Pay.     To  give  value  in  return. 

Receive.     To  get.     See  sub  Receiving. 

Return.     To  repay. 

Take.     To  get  possession  of  property. 

Take  money.     To  receive  money  in  exchange. 

Yield.     To  produce. 

Income — Adjectives. 

Profitable.     Bringing  in  gain.     See  Gain. 
Received.     Gotten  from  any  source. 
Receiving.     Coming  in.     See  Verbs. 


OUTLAY. 


743 


OUTRANCE. 


OUTLAY — Continued. 
Outlay — Adjectives . 

Cxpended.     Paid  out.     See  sub  Vert.  Sumptuary.     Relating  to  expenses. 

Expending.     Being  paid  out. 

Outlay — Phrase. 
Vectigalia  nervos  esse  reipublicce  [L].    Revenues  are  the  sinews  of  the  commonwealth.     [Cicero,  ManilianLaw,  7.] 


out"-leap'.  To  excel  in  leaping.  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming. 

out'-let".  Vent.  Aperture-Closure,  Entrance- 
Exit. 

out'-li"-er.  One  whose  residence  is  not  in  the  same 
place  where  his  business  is  situated.  Union-Dis- 
union, Remoteness-Nearness. 

out'-line".  Features;  plan.  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Delineation-Caricature,  Design,  Outline, 
Painting. 

OUTLINE. 

Ambit.     A  circumference. 

Circlet,  etc.     A  small  circumference.     See  Circle. 

Circuit.     A  circumference. 

Circumference.     The  line  which  bounds  a  circle. 

Contour.     The  outline  of  a  figure  or  body. 

Outline.     The  bordering  line. 

Perimeter.  The  bounding  line  of  any  figure  of  two  or  more  dimen- 
sions. 

Periphery.     A  circumference. 

Profile.     An  outline. 

Silhouette.  A  representation  of  the  outlines  of  a  figure  filled  in  with 
black. 

Toumure  [F.].     Outline. 

Outline — Denotations. 
Baldric.     A  belt  worn  over  one  shoulder  and  across  the  breast. 
Band.     A  fillet,  strap,  or  any  narrow  ligament  with  which  a  thing  is 

encircled. 
Belt.     That  which  engirdles  a  person  or  thing. 
Cingle.     A  band  which  encircles  the  body. 
Clasp.     A  throwing  of  the  arms  around. 
Cordon.     An  extended  line  of  soldiers  surrounding  a  place. 
Girdle.     That  which  girds,  encircles,  or  encloses. 

«*  ,L  [  A  band  or  strap  which  encircles  the  body. 

Lines.     Long  narrow  marks  forming  the  outlines  of  a  figure. 
Zodiac.     An  imaginary  belt  encircling  the  heavens. 
Zone.     An  imaginary  band  surrounding  the  earth. 

out'-lines".  Borders;  framework  of  a  book.  Begin- 
ning-End, Digest. 

out-live'.      To  survive.     Mutation-Permanence. 

out'-look".  View;  to  outstare.  Appearance-Disap- 
pearance, Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

out'-ly"-ing.  Outside.  Increment-Remnant,  Out- 
side-Inside. 

out"-ma-neu'-ver.  To  excel  in  maneuvering.  Success- 
Failure,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

out-march'.  Excel  in  marching.  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness. 

out-num'-ber.  To  exceed  in  number.  Multiplicity- 
Paucity. 

out  of.  Lacking.  Excess-Lack,  Motive-Caprice;  get 
out  of  the  way,  Quest-Evasion;  get  well  out  of, 
Escape;  go  out  of  one's  way,  Midcourse-Circuit; 
out  of  all  proportion,  Magnitude-Smallness;  out  of 
breath,  Weariness-Refreshment;  out  of  cash,  Af- 
fluence-Penury; out  of  character,  Harmony-Dis- 
cord; out  of  conceit  with,  Desire-Distaste;  out  of 
countenance,  Reputation-Discredit,  Selfrespect- 
Humbleness;  out  of  danger,  Security-Insecurity; 
out  of  date,  Chronology-Anachronism,  Novelty- 
Antiquity,  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness;  out 
of  doors,  Outside-Inside;  out  of  employ,  Action- 
Passiveness;  out  of  favor,  Desire-Distaste;  out  of 
focus,  Visibility-Invisibility;  out  of  gear,  Might- 
Impotence,  Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Regu- 


larity-Irregularity; out  of  hand,  Completion- 
Noncompletion,  Earliness-Lateness;  out  of  har- 
ness, Liberty-Subjection,  Release-Restraint; 
out  of  health,  Health-Sickness;  out  of  hearing, 
Hearing-Deafness,  Remoteness-Nearness;  out  of 
humor,  Contentedness-Discontentment,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection,  Pleasure-Pain;  out  of 
joint,  Good-Evil,  Harmony-Discord,  Might-Impo- 
»  tence,  Regularity-Irregularity;  out  of  luck, 
Welfare-Misfortune  ;  out  of  one's  depth,DEEPNESs- 
Shallowness,  Difficulty-Facility,  Reckless- 
ness-Caution, Transcursion-Shortcoming;  out 
of  one's  mind,  Saneness-Lunacy  ;  out  of  one's  power, 
Possibility-Impossibility;  out  of  one's  reckoning, 
Certainty-Doubt,  Expectation-Disappointment, 
Expectation-Surprise,  Truth-Error;  out  of  one's 
teens,  Manhood;  out  of  one's  wits,  Excitation, 
Saneness-Lunacy;  out  of  order,  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Faultlessness-Faultiness, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Regularity -Ir- 
regularity; out  of  patience,  Excitability-Inex- 
citability;  out  of  place,  Conventionality-Uncon- 
ventionality,  Establishment-Removal,  Propri- 
ety-Impropriety, Regularity-Irregularity;  out 
of  pocket,  Affluence-Penury,  Credit-Debt,  Gain- 
Loss  ;  out  of  print,  Mark-Obliteration  ;  out  of  reach, 
Possibility-Impossibility,  Remoteness-Nearness  ; 
out  of  repair,  Betterment-Deterioration;  out  of 
repute,  Reputation-Discredit;  out  of  season,  Har- 
mony-Discord, Opportuneness-Unsuitableness; 
out  of  shape,  Preparation-Nonpreparation  ;  out  of 
sorts,  Health-Sickness,  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection,  Regularity-Irregularity;  out  of  spirits, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection;  out  of  the  common, 
Conventionality-Unconventionality;  out  of  the 
perpendicular,  Parallelism-Inclination;  out  of  the 
question,  Assent-Dissent,  Choice-Neutrality, 
Dueness-Undueness,  Possibility-Impossibility, 
Proffer-Refusal,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness; 
out  of  the  sphere  of,  Remoteness-Nearness;  out  of 
the  way,  Connection-Independence,  Convention- 
ality -  Unconventionality  Presence  -  Absence, 
Remoteness-Nearness,  Sociability-Privacy,  So- 
ciety-Ludicrousness;  out  of  the  world,  Life- 
Death,  Sociability-Privacy;  out  of  tune,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Faultlessness-Faultiness, 
Melody-Dissonance,  Variance-Accord;  out  of 
work,  Action-Passiveness;  put  out  of  sight,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Visibility -Invisibility; 
turn  out  of  doors,  Admission-Expulsion. 

out'-post".  Advanced  station.  Anteriority-Pos- 
teriority, Environment-Interposition,  Remote- 
ness-Nearness. 

out-pour'.    An  outflow.    Entrance-Exit. 

out'-pour"-ing.  Effusion.  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Enough,  Entrance-Exit,  Nutriment-Excretion. 

out'-put".    Production.     Entrance-Exit,  Gain-Loss. 

out'-rage.  Violence;  badness;  guilt.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Charitableness  -  Malevolence, 
Good-Evil,  Goodness-Badness,  Innocence-Guilt, 
Regard-Disrespect,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

out"-ra'-geous.  Atrocious.  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

outrance,  h  [F.]  (u-trmvs',  a).  To  the  uttermost.  En- 
tirety-Deficiency, Magnitude-Smallness,  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness. 


OUTRANCE. 


744 


OUTSIDE— INSIDE. 


oulrance,  d  toute  [F.]  (u-trans',  a  tut).  To  the  utter- 
most.     Turbulence-Calmness. 

outrance.  guerre  &  [F.]  (u-trarrs',  ger  a).  War  to  the 
death.    Fighting-Conciliation. 

out'-rank".  To  be  of  a  higher  rank.  Supremacy-Sub- 
ordinacy. 

outri  [F.1  (u-tre').  Excessive;  strained.  Convention- 
ality-Unconventionality,  Gull-Hyperbole,  So- 
ciety-Ludicrousness. 

oulre-mer  [F.]  (utr"-mer').  Beyond  the  sea.  Remote- 
ness-Nearness. 

out-reach'.   To  cheat.    Truthfulness-Fraud. 

out-reck'-on.  To  exceed  in  reckoning.  Overvalua- 
tion-Undervaluation. 

out'-ride".  To  ride  faster  than.  Transcursion-Short- 
coming. 

out'-ri"-der.  Servant  riding  on  ahead.  Predecessor- 
Continuation. 

out'-rig"-ger.  Support.  Conveyance-Vessel,  Sus- 
pension-Support. 


out'-right".    Utterly.    Entirety-Deficiency. 
out-ri'-val.      To  defeat.      Reputation-Discredit,  Su- 
premacy-Subordinacy,    Transcursion-Shortcom- 

ING. 

out'-room".   An  outer  room.    Contents-Receiver. 

out-run'.  To  excelin  running.  Transcursion-Short- 
coming;  outrun  the  constable,  Credit-Debt,  Ex-, 
travagance-  Avarice. 

out'-scour"-ings.     That  which  is  washed  out.     Cleah 
ness-Filthiness. 

out'-set".  Beginning;  start.  Arrival-Departure, 
Beginning-End. 

out-shine'.  To  shine  brighter  than.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

out-side'.  Outer  part  of  anything.  Appearance- 
Disappearance,  Outside-Inside;  clean  the  out- 
side of  the  platter,  Pomp;  mere  outside,  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood; outside  car,  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 


OUTSIDE— INSIDE. 


Circumjacence.     Condition  of  lying  on  every  side. 
Excentricity.     State  of  being  without  the  center 
Exterior.     The  outside. 
Exteriority.     The  outside. 
Face.     Principal  part  of  the  outside. 
Outside.     Part  of  anything  exposed  to  view, 
uper  ci    .  j  Covering  or  external  view  of  anything. 

Outs  i  de — Denotations. 

TyS!l'  }  Anything  nearly  flat  and  circular. 

Facet.     One  of  the  faces  cut  on  a  diamond. 
Skin.     The  outside  of  the  body.     See  Cover. 
Superstratum.     One  layer  placed  above  another. 

Outs  tdE: —  Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  exterior  (see  Adjectives);    lie  around  (see  Environment);  place 
exteriorly;  place  outside;  place  outwardly;  put  out;  turnout. 

Outside — Adjectives. 

Ab  extra  [L.].     From  without. 

A  la  belle  etoile  [F.].     In  the  open  air. 

A I  fresco  [It.].     To  the  open  air. 

Discoid.     Resembling  a  disk. 

Excentric.     Away  from  the  center. 

Exterior.     Helping  to  form  the  outside. 

External.     Closely  connected  with  the  outside. 

Extramural.      Outside  the  walls. 

Extra  muros  [L.].     Without  the  walls. 

Extraregarding.     Looking  at  what  is  beyond  us. 

Extrinsic.     Unnatural:  foreign. 

Frontal.     Situated  in  the  front. 

In  the  open  air.     Outside. 

Outdoor.     In  the  open  air. 

Outer.     Farther  out. 

Outermost.     Farthest  out. 

Outlying.     Adjacent  to. 

Out  of  doors.     Outside. 

Outside.     Pertaining  to  th.  outside. 

Outstanding.      Located  on  Ihe  outside. 

Outward.     Directed  toward  the  outside. 

Round  about.      Surrounding. 

Skin  deep.     Not  going  in  far. 

Superficial.     Lying  on  the  surface, 

O  UT.s  i  d  e — A  dvtrhsi 

Externally.     On  the  outside. 

Out.     Not  in. 

Outwards.     Toward  the  outside. 

Over.     Beyond 

Without      On  the  outside. 


Inside.     The  pare  beneath  the  surface. 

Interior.     The  inside  of  something  large  or  magnificent 

Interiority.     The  state  or  condition  of  being  inside. 

Inside — Denotations. 

Backbone.  The  column  of  bones  in  the  back  which  gives  firmness 
to  the  frame.     See  Center. 

Belly.     That  part  of  the  human  body  which  contains  the  intestines. 

Bosom.     The  breast  of  a  human  being. 

Bowels.     The  entrails  of  a  man. 

Breast.     The  fore  part  of  the  body  between  the  neck  and  belly. 

Cave.     A  hollow  place  in  the  earth. 

Chitterlings.     The  small  intestines  of  the  swine. 

Contents.     The  thing  or  things  held  by  a  receptacle.     See  Contents. 

Entrails.     The  internal  parts  of  animal  bodies. 

Guts.     The  entrails  of  an  animal. 

Heart.  The  part  nearest  the  middle  or  center;  the  organ  which 
keeps  the  blood  in  circulation. 

Innermost  recesses.  The  parts  most  remote  from  the  outward  parts. 
See  Convexity-Concavity. 

Interspace.     The  intervening  space. 

Intestines.     The  entrails. 

Lap.  The  position  formed  by  the  knees  and  thighs  when  one  sitp 
down. 

Marrow.     The  tissue  which  fills  the  cavities  of  bones. 

Penetralia  [L.].     The  innermost  parts  of  a  thing. 

Pith.  The  soft  spongy  substance  in  the  center  of  the  stems  of  mans 
plants. 

Recesses.     Places  of  retirement,  retreat,  or  secrecy. 

Subsoil.  The  bed  of  earth  which  lies  immediately  beneath  the  sur- 
face soil. 

Substance.     That  which  underlies  all  outward  manifestations. 

Substratum.     A  layer  of  earth  lying  under  another. 

Viscera.     The  organs  contained  in  the  abdomen. 

Vitals.     One  of  the  necessary  organs  of  life. 

Womb.     The  place  where  anything  is  generated  or  produced. 

Inside — Verbs. 

Enclose.     To  shut  up  in  something.     See  Confinement. 
Imbed.     To  fix  solidly  in.     See  Injection. 
Intern,     To  confine. 

Inside — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  Inside  (see  Adjectives);   be  within    (see   Adverbs)  \ 


place  within. 


keep  w.'thin* 


Inside — Adjectives. 


Deep-seated.     Permanent;  intense. 

Domestic.     Not  pertaining  to  outsiders. 

Enclosed.     Limited.     See  Verbs. 

Endemic.     Prevalent  among  a  certain  people. 

Home.     Arising  from  or  pertaining  to  the  home. 

Indoor.     Inside. 

Inland.     At  a  distance  from  the  coast. 

Inmost.     Farthest  in. 

Inner.     Farther  in. 

Innermost.     Inmost. 

Inside.     Within. 


OUTSIDE. 


745 


OVEN— REFRIGERATOR. 


INSIDE — Adjectives — Continued. 


Interior.     Inside 

Internal.     On  the  inside 

Interstitial.     Situated  within  the  tissues  of  an  organ. 

Intestinal.     Pertaining  to  the  intestines. 

Intestine.     Domestic. 

Intramural.     Situated  within  the  walls  of  a  city. 

Ab  intra  [L.I.     From  within. 

At  home.     In  seclusion. 

Herein.     In  this  matter  or  place. 

In      Not  outside. 

Indoors.     Not  in  the  open  air. 

Inly.     Inwards. 

Internally.     On  the  inside. 


Intraregarding.     Looking  within  oneself. 
Inward.     Directed  toward  the  inside. 
Inwrought.     Worked  in.     See  Subjectiveness. 
Subcutaneous.     Situated  just  beneath  the  skin. 
Vernacular.     Belonging  to  one's  native  country. 


Ins'de- 


-  Adverbs,  etc. 

In  the  bosom  of  one's  family. 


Retired. 


Inwards. 
Therein. 

Wherein. 
Within. 


Towards  the  inside. 
In  that  place. 
In  which. 
Inside 


Withindoors.)  XT  .  .     .. 
Withinside.    J  Not  in  the  °Den  air* 


out'-skirts".  Border.  Environment-Interposition, 
Remoteness-Nearness. 

out-speak'.    To  speak  out.  Speech-Inarticulateness. 

out'-spok"-en.  Frank.  Craft-Artlessness,  Speech- 
Inarticulateness,  Truthfulness-Falsehood;  be 
outspoken,  Approval-Disapproval. 

Out-spread'.    To  spread  out.    Breadth-Narrowness. 

out-stand '-ing.  Outside;  due.  Credit-Debt,  Incre- 
ment-Remnant, Outside-Inside;  outstanding  debt, 
Credit-Debt. 

out-stare'.  Browbeat.  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness. 

out-step'.  To  step  faster  than.  Transcursion-Short- 
coming. 

out-stretched'.  Stretched  out.  Breadth-Narrow- 
ness, Length-Shortness;  with  outstretched  arms, 
Politeness-Impoliteness. 

out-strip'.  Excel.  Leading-Following,  Supremacy- 
Subordinacy,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Transcur- 
sion-Shortcoming. 


out-talk'.  To  talk  more  than.  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity. 

out-vie'.  To  excel.  Reputation-Discredit,  Strife- 
Peace. 

out-vote'.    To  cast  more  votes  than.    Success-Failure. 

out'-ward.  Outside.  Outside-Inside,  Subjective- 
ness-Objectiveness;  outward  bound,  Arrival-De- 
parture. 

out'-wards.    Outside.    Outside-Inside. 

out-weigh'.  To  be  heavier  than.  Dominance-Impo- 
tence, Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

out-wit'.  Overreach.  Success-Failure,  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud. 

out'-work".    Defense.    Attack-Defense. 

o'-val.    Elliptical.    Circle-Winding. 

o'-va-ry.    Part  of  a  flower.    Biology. 

o'-vate.    Egg-shaped.    Circle-Winding. 

o-va'-tion.    Reception.    Solemnization. 

ov'-en.  Stove.  Oven-Rlfrigerator;  like  an  oven, 
Heat-Cold. 


OVEN— REFRIGERATOR. 


Alembic.     An  apparatus  formerly  used  in  distillation. 
Athanor.     A  furnace  used  by  the  alchemists. 
Bake-house.     Bakery 
Bakery.     A  place  of  baking. 

A  large  utensil  in  which  food  etc  ,  is  cooked. 
An  open  pan  for  holding  live  coals. 
Cooking  room  on  board  ship. 
A  large  boiler 

Pan  with  coal-basin  attached. 

A  room  properly  heated  for  preserving  tender  plants. 


Boiler. 

Brasier. 

Caboose . 

Caldron 

Chafing-dish. 

Conservatory. 


Crucible.     A  pot  for  melting  metals  or  minerals. 

Fiery  furnace.     A  place  of  intense  heat 

Fireplace.     A  recess  to  put  a  fire  in 

Focus.     Burning  point  of  light  passed  through  a  sun-glass. 

Forge      An  open  fireplace  with  forced  draft 

Franklin  stove.     A  kind  of  stove  introduced  by  Benjamin  Franklin. 

Furnace.     An  enclosed  fireplace  for  producing  a  high  degree  of  heat. 

Grate.     A  frame  of  iron  bars  for  holding  burning  fuel 

Hearth.     Floor  of  a  fireplace 

Heater.     An  apparatus  for  heating  as  a  coil  of  steam-pipes 

Hothouse.     A  glazed  building  for  rearing  tender  plants 

Hypocaust.     A  furnace .  the  heat  of  which  was  led  to  rooms  above. 

Kettle.     A  metallic  vessel  for  stewing. 

Kiln.     A  furnace  for  baking  brick,  etc 

Kitchener.     A  cook-stove. 

Laundry.     An  establishment  for  washing  and  ironing  clothes. 

Limekiln.     A  kiln  in  which  limestone  is  reduced  to  lime 

Oven.     A  chamber  in  which  substances  are  artificially  heated. 

Pot.     A  circular  vessel,  deeper  than  broad,  used  for  boiling  meat  and 

vegetables. 
Range.     A  large,  improved  cook-stove. 
Retort.     A  bulb  with  a  beak,  for  distilling. 
Reverbatory.     A  furnace  with  a  vaulted  ceiling  that  deflects  the  heat 

toward  the  hearth. 
Russian  bath.     A  vapor  bath  or  long  exposure  of  the  body  to  steam. 
Seething  caldron.     A  caldron  filled  with  a  boiling  liquid. 
Still.     An  apparatus  for  vaporizing  liquids. 

Stove.     An  apparatus  in  which  fuel  is  burned  for  heating  or  cooking. 
Sudatory      A  hot-air  bath. 
Turkish  bath.     A  bath  in  which  a  profuse  perspiration  is  produced 

by  hot  air. 


Cooler.     A  vessel  for  cooling  liquids. 

Damper.     An  attachment  to  a  stove  for  regulating  heat. 

Freezing  mixture.     One  that  causes  freezing 

Frigidarium.     Cooling  room  of  Roman  tkertnce. 

Ice-bag.     A  bag  of  rubber  or  the  like  for  holding  chopped  ice. 

Ice-house.     A  building  padded  with  sawdust  for  storing  ice 

Ice-pail.     A  vessel  partly  filled  with  ice  for  cooling  bottles  of  wine. 

Refrigerator.     A  chamber  for  cooling  substances. 

Refrigeratory.     Chamber  in  an  ice-plant  where  the  ice  is  formed. 

Wine-cooler.     An  arrangement  for  cooling  wine. 


OVEN — Continued, 

Urn.  A  cylindrical  vessel,  with  a  fire-pan  or  spirit-lamp  in  the  bot- 
tom. 

Vapor  bath.     The  application  of  vapor  to  the  body  in  a  close  place. 

Volcano.     A  mountain  from  which  heated  matter  is  ejected. 

Warm  bath.     A  bath  in  warm  water,  vapor,  etc. 

Warming-pan.  A  metal  vessel  for  holding  hot  coals  for  warming  a 
bed. 

Wash-house.     A  laundry. 

Oven — Associated  Nouns. 

Andiron.     A  utensil  for  supporting  wood  in  a  fireplace. 

Back-log.     A  large  stick  of  wood,  forming  the  bacV  of  a  fire  on  the 

hearth 
Fire-dog.     A  support  for  wood  in  a  fireplace. 
Fire-irons.     Utensils  for  the  fireplace,  as  tongs,  poker,  and  shovel 
Frying-pan.     An  iron  pan  with  a  long  handle  used  for  fryrng  food. 
Gridiron.     A  grated  iron  utensil  for  broiling  flesh  and  fish  over  coals. 
Hob.     An  iron  shelf  at  the  side  of  a  fireplace  where  things  are  put  to 

keep  warm. 
Poker.     A  metal  bar  used  in  stirring  the  fire. 
Salamander.     A  large  poker,  a  culinary  utensil. 
Shovel.     An  iron  or  tin  implement  used  about  a  fireplace 
Stew-pan.     A  pan  used  for  stewing. 

Tongs.     An  instrument  of  two  long  arms  for  handling  hot  coals. 
Trivet.     A  stand  to  hold  a  kettle  near  the  fire. 
Tuyere.     A  nozzle  or  fixture  through  which  the  blast  is  delivered  to 

the  interior  of  a  blast  furnace. 


OVER. 


746 


OVERMATCH. 


O'-ver.  Remaining;  past;  above;  too  much.  Begin- 
ning-End, Excess-Lack,  Future-Past,  Height- 
Lowness,  Increment-Remnant,  Outside-Inside, 
Supremacy-Subordinacy;  all  over,  Completion- 
Noncompletion  ;  all  over  with,  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Life-Death,  Success-Failure,Welfare-Mis- 
fortune;  danger  over,  Security-Insecurity;  fight 
one's  battles  over  again,  Account;  get  over,  Renova- 
tion-Relapse; make  over,  Giving-Receiving;  over 
again,  Recurrence;  over  against,  Laterality-Con- 

;  traposition;  over  and  above,  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion, Excess-Lack,  Increment-Remnant,  Suprem- 
acy-Subordinacy; over  head  and  ears,  Deepness- 
Shallowness,  Emotions,  Entirety-Deficiency, 
Height-Lowness;  over  the  border,  Remoteness- 
Nearness;  over  the  hills  and  far  away,  Remote- 
ness-Nearness; over  the  mark,  Supremacy-Subor- 
dinacy; over  the  way,  Laterality-Contraposition; 
set  over,  Commission-Abrogation;  turn  over,  Re- 
versal. 

o"-ver-a-bound'.    To  be  too  plenteous.    Excess-Lack. 

o"-ver-acf.  To  overdo.  Activity-Indolence,  Soci- 
ety-Affectation. 

o"-ver-act'-ed.   Affected.    Society-Affectation. 

o'-ver-all.    Trousers.    Dress-Undress. 

o'-ver-anx-i"-e-ty.  To  much  anxiety.  Desire-Dis- 
taste. 

o"-ver-arch\   To  arch  over.    Cover-Lining. 

o"-ver-awe'.  To  awe  greatly.  Duty-Dereliction, 
Rule-License,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

o"-ver-bal'-ance.  To  weigh  down.  Compensation,  Su- 
premacy-Subordinacy. 

o"-ver-bal'-anced.  Overweighted.  Equality-In- 
equality. 

o"-ver-bear'.    To  oppress.    Dominance-Impotence. 

o"-ver-bear'-ance.  Arrogance.  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness. 

o"-ver-bear'-ing.  Domineering.  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness. 

o'-ver-board" .  Over  the  side  of  a  boat.  Throw  over- 
board, Admission-Expulsion,  Choice-Rejection, 
Commission  -  Abrogation,  Keeping  -  Relinquish- 
ment, Use-Disuse. 

o"-ver-borne'.  Overpowered.  Liberty-Subjection, 
Success-Failure. 

o"-ver-bur'-den.  To  load  too  heavily.  Excess-Lack, 
Goodness-Badness,  Weariness-Refreshment. 

o"-ver-cast'.  To  cover.  Dimness,  Light-Darkness, 
Viscidity-Foam. 

o"-ver-cau'-tious.  Too  cautious.  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion. 

o"-ver-charge'.  To  strain.  Costliness-Cheapness, 
Excess-Lack,  Gull-Hyperbole,  Simplicity-Flor- 
idness. 

o'-ver-coat".    Garment.    Dress-Undress. 

o"-ver-col'-or.    To  exaggerate.    Gull-Hyperbole. 

o"-ver-come'.  To  conquer;  to  persuade.  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection,  Motive-Caprice,  Reputation- 
Discredit,  Success-Failure,  Teetotalism-Intem- 
perance;  overcome  an  obstacle,  Success-Failure. 

o"-ver-con'-fi-dence.  Sanguineness.  Recklessness- 
Caution. 

o"-ver-con'-fl-dent.  Too  confident.  Credulousness- 
Skepticism,  Recklessness-Caution.   • 

o"-ver-cred'-u-lous.  Too  credulous.  Credulousness- 
Skepticism. 

o"-ver-cu'-ri-ous  Too  curious.  Inquisitiveness-In- 
difference. 

o"-ver-date'.     Postdate.    Chronology-Anachronism. 

o"-ver-dis-ten'-tion.  Strain.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion. 

o"-ver-do'.  To  do  excessively.  Activity-Indolence, 
Excess-Lack,  Society-Affectation. 

o"-ver-done'.   Affected.   Society-Affectation. 


o'-ver-dose".    Large  dose.    Excess-Lack. 

o"-ver-draw'.  Exaggerate;  to  draw  more  than  one  is 
credited    with.  Delineation-Caricature,    Ex- 

travagance-Avarice, Gull-Hyperbole. 

o"-ver-due'.  Notontime.  Chronology-Anachronism. 

o"-ver-ea'-ger.    Too  eager.    Desire-Distaste. 

o"-ver-eat'.    To  gormandize.    Fasting-Gluttony. 

o"-ver-es'-ti-mate.  Value  too  highly.  Decision-Mis- 
judgment,  Gull-Hyperbole,  Overvaluation-Un- 
dervaluation. 

o"-ver-es'-ti-ma-ted.  Valued  too  highly.  Adulation- 
Disparagement,  Overvaluation  -  Undervalua- 
tion. 

o'-ver-es"-ti-ma"-tion.  Excessive  estimation.  Allevi- 
ation-Aggravation, Overvaluation-Undervalu- 
ation. 

o"-ver-fa-tigued'.  Too  tired.  Weariness-Refresh- 
ment. 

o"-ver-fed'.    Fed  too  much.    Fasting-Gluttony. 

o"-ver-feed'.    To  feed  excessively.    Excess-Lack. 

o"-ver-flow'.  To  flow  over.  Excess-Lack,  River- 
Wind;  overflow  with  gratitude,  Thankfulness- 
Thanklessness. 

o"-ver-flow'-ing.     Superfluous.     Excess-Lack. 

o'-ver-fond".    Fond  to  excess.    Excess-Lack. 

o"-ver-go'.  To  go  a  distance.  Transcursion-Short- 
coming. 

o"-ver-gorge'.    To  gormandize.    Fasting-Gluttony. 

o"-ver-gorged'.  Satisfied  to  disgust.  Desire-Reple- 
tion, Fasting-Gluttony. 

o"-ver-grown'.  Large.  Enlargement-Diminution, 
Greatness-Littleness.  Magnitude-Smallness. 

o'-ver-growth" .  Excessive  growth.  Enlargement' 
Diminution. 

o"-ver-hang'.    To  hang  over.    Height-Lowness. 

o"-ver-hang'-ing.  Impending.  Height-Lowness,  Oc- 
currence-Destiny. 

o"-ver-ha'-sty.  Too  hasty.  Favorite-Quarrelsome- 
ness. 

o"-ver-haul' .  Examine;  reprove.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Heed-Disregard,  Investigation-Answer, 
Numbering. 

o"-ver-head'.     Above.     Height-Lowness. 

o"-ver-hear'.  To  hear  accidentally.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy.  Hearing-Deafness. 

o"-ver-joyed\    Very  glad.    Pleasure-Pain. 

o"-ver-jump'.  To  jump  beyond.  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming. 

o"-ver-lap'  To  lap  over.  Dress-Undress,  Transcur- 
sion-Sh  ortcoming. 

o"-ver-lay'.  To  cover;  to  obscure.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Cover-Lining,  Excess-Lack,  Gull-Hyper- 
bole; overlay  with  ornament,  Simplicity-Florid- 

NESS. 

o"-ver-leap'.  To  leap  beyond.  Geology,  Transcur- 
sion-Shortcoming. 

o"-ver-lib'-er-al.  Too  liberal.  Extravagance-Ava- 
rice. 

o"-ver-lie\    To  lie  upon.    Cover-Lining. 

o"-ver-load'.  To  burden  too  much.  Excess-Lack, 
Obstruction-Help. 

o"-ver-look'.  To  slight;  to  manage;  to  forgive.  Care- 
fulness-Carelessness, Heed-Disregard,  Man- 
agement, Pardon-Vindictiveness,  Regard-Disre- 
spect. 

o"-ver-looked'.  Not  noticed.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance; not  to  be  overlooked,  Consequence-In- 
significance. 

o"-ver-look'-er.    Superintendent.    Manager. 

o"-ver-ly'-ing.    Lying  above.    Height-Lowness. 

o"-ver-mas'-ter.    To  conquer.    Success-Failure. 

o"-ver-match' .  To  defeat  or  excel.  Equality-In- 
equality, Strength-Weakness,  Success-Failure, 
Supremacy-Subordinacy. 


OVERMEASURE 


747   OVERVALUATION— UNDERVALUATION . 


o"-ver-meas'-ure.  To  estimate  too  high.  Excess- 
Lack. 

o"-ver-mod'-est.     Diffident.     Conceit-Diffidence. 

o"-ver-much'.     Too  much.     Excess-Lack. 

o"-ver-night'.    During  the  night.    Future-Past. 

o"-ver-of-fi'-cious.  Too  officious.  Activity-Indo- 
lence. 

o"-ver-paid'.  Getting  too  much  pay.  Generosity- 
Frugality. 

o"-ver-pass'.  To  pass  by;  to  overlook.  Supremacy- 
Subordinacy,  Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

o"-ver-per-suade'.    To  win  over.    Motive-Caprice. 

o'-ver-plus.  Surplus.  Excess-Lack,  Increment-Rem- 
nant. 

o"-ver-poise'.  To  outweigh.  Cooperation-Opposi- 
tion. 

o"-ver-pow'-er.  To  subdue.  Excitation,  Success- 
Failure. 

o"-ver-pow'-er-ing.  Conquering.  Excitation, 

Strength-Weakness. 

o"-ver-praise'.  To  flatter.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Gull-Hyperbole,  Overvaluation-Under- 
valuation. 

o"-ver-prize'.  To  exceed  in  value.  Overvaluation- 
Undervaluation. 

o"-ver-rate'.  To  rate  too  high.  Overvaluation- 
Undervaluation. 

o"-ver-reach\  To  go  beyond;  to  cheat.  Craft-Art- 
lessness,  Success-Failure,  Transcursion-Short- 
coming, Truthfulness-Fraud. 

o"-ver-reck'-on.  Estimate  excessively.  Overvalua- 
tion-Undervaluation. 

o'-ver-re-fined".    Subtle.     Ratiocination-Instinct. 

o'-ver-re-fine'-ment.  Too  much  refinement.  Ratioci- 
nation-Instinct. 

o"-ver-re-lig'-ious.  Too  enthusiastic  in  religion.  Aus- 
terity. 

o"-ver-ride'.  To  overcome;  to  annul:  to  pass.  Commis- 
sion-Abrogation, Dominance-Impotence,  Harsh- 
ness-Mildness, Obstruction-Help,  Rule-License, 
Success-Failure,  Suprem  ac  y-Subordinacy,  Trans- 
cursion-Shortcoming. 

o"-ver-right'-eous.  Too  righteous.  Godliness-Un- 
godliness. 

o"-ver-rule'.  To  control;  to  set  aside.  Commission- 
Abrogation,  Rule-License. 

o"-ver-rul'-ing.  Controlling.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Rule-License. 

o"-ver-run' .  To  spread ;  to  pillage ;  to  go  beyond.  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration, Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion, Excess-Lack,  Presence-Absence. 

o"-ver-scru'-pu-lous.  Too  scrupulous.  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

o"-ver-se'-er.     Superintendent.     Manager. 


o"-ver-sen'-si-tive.  Too  sensitive.  Overvaluation- 
Undervaluation,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

o"-ver-set'.  To  upset;  to  fall.  Elevation-Depres- 
sion, Reversal,  Success-Failure. 

o"-ver-shad'-ow.  To  cast  a  shadow  over.  Light- 
Darkness,  Reputation-Discredit. 

o"-ver-shoot'  the  mark.  To  shoot  too  high;  to  overdo. 
Activity-Indolence,  Excess-Lack,  Gull-Hyper- 
bole, Skill-Unskilfulness,  Transcursion-Short- 
coming. 

o'-ver-sight".  Management;  error.  Heed-Disregard, 
Management,  Success-Failure,  Truth-Error. 

o"-ver-skip'.  To  go  beyond.  Transcursion-Short- 
coming. 

o"-ver-sleep'.  To  sleep  too  long.  Activity-Indo- 
lence. 

o"-ver-spent'.  Tired  out.  Weariness-Refresh- 
ment. 

o"-ver-spread'.  To  spread  over.  Boundary,  Gather- 
ing-Scattering, Presence-Absence. 

o"-ver-state'.     To  exaggerate.     Gull-Hyperbole. 

o"-ver-step'.  To  step  beyond.  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming. 

o"-ver-stock'.     To  supply  too  much.     Excess-Lack. 

o"-ver-strain' .  To  strain  too  much.  Overvaluation- 
Undervaluation,  Weariness-Refreshment. 

o"-ver-sup-ply'.     Overabundance.     Excess-Lack. 

o'-vert".  Open.  Manifestation-Latency;  overt  act, 
Action-Passiveness. 

o"-ver-take'.  To  come  up  to.  Arrival-Depart- 
ure. 

o"-ver-tak'-en.  Intoxicated.  Teetotalism-Intem- 
perance. 

o"-ver-task' .  To  burden  too  heavily.  Use-Misuse, 
Weariness-Refreshment. 

o"-ver-tax'.  To  burden  too  much.  Use-Misuse, 
Weariness-Refreshment. 

o'-ver-throw".  To  destroy;  to  defeat.  Creation- 
Destruction,  Elevation-Depression,  Proof-Dis- 
proof, Success-Failure. 

o"-ver-thwart'.  To  oppose.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence. 

o"-ver-tired'.  Very  tired.  Weariness-Refresh- 
ment. 

o"-ver-top'.  To  tower  over.  Height-Lowness, 
Suprem  ac  y-Subordin  ac  y,  Top-Bottom. 

o'-ver-ture.  Prelude;  offer.  Music,  Petition-Ex- 
postulation, Predecessor-Continuation,  Prof- 
fer-Refusal. 

o"-ver-turn'.  To  destroy;  to  refute.  Creation-De- 
struction, Elevation-Depression,  Proof-Dis- 
proof, Reversal. 

o"-ver-val"-u-a'-tion.  Estimating  too  highly.  Over- 
valuation-Undervaluation. 


OVERVALUATION— UNDERVALUATION. 


Exaggeration,  etc.       The  act  of  describing  a  thing  with  extravagant 

and  untruthful  additions.     See  Gull-Hyperbole. 
Fine  tal!  ing.     Boasting. 

Optimism.     The  doctrine  that  this  is  the  best  of  all  possible  worlds 
Optimist.     One  who  believes  in  optimism 
Overestimation.      Rating  at  more  than  full  value 
Pessimism.     The  doctrine  that  the  world  is  the  worst  possible  world. 
Pessimist.      One  who  believes  in  pessimism 
Vanity,  etc.     Overestimation  of  oneself.     See  Conceit. 

Overvaluation — Figurative  Expressions. 

Much  ado  about  nothing.     A  great  deal  of  trouble  about  nothing. 

[Shakespeare.] 
Much  cry  and  little  wool.    Great  promises  and  small  results;  shearing 

swin? 
Storm  in  a  teacup.     A  great  annoyance  about  a  little  matter. 

Overvaluation — Verbs. 
Attach  too  much  importance  to.  To  overvalue 
Catch  at  straws.     To  put  too  much  confidence  in. 


Depreciation,  etc.  The  act  of  losing  in  value.  See  Adulation-D.s- 
paracement 

Modesty,  etc.  The  state  of  undervaluing  one's  qualities.  See  Con- 
ceit-Diffidence. 

Pessimism.  The  tendency  to  consider  all  things  as  bad;  the  belief 
that  this  is  the  worst  of  all  possible  worlds. 

Pessimist.     A  believer  in  pessimism. 

Underestimation.  Regarding  anything  at  a  lower  value  than  it 
really  has. 

Undervaluing,  etc.     Holding  below  value.     See  Verbs. 

Undervaluation — Verbs. 
Depreciate.     To  lessen  the  worth  of. 
Disparage,  etc.     To  undervalue .     See  Adulation. 
Disprize.     To  hold  in  low  esteem. 
Make  light  of. 

Make  little  of.  I  To  belittle  or  regard  as  worthless. 

Make  no  account  of.  j 

Make  nothing  of. 

Misprize.     To  hold  in  wrong  esteem. 


OVERVALUATION. 


748 


OZONE. 


OVERVALUATION— UNDERVALUATION— Continued. 


OVERVALUATION— Verbs— Continued 

Estimate  too  highly.     To  have  too  high  an  opinion  of. 

Exaggerate,  etc  To  describe  with  additions  See  Gull-Hyper- 
bole. 

Extol.     To  magnify    to  lift  up 

Extol  to  the  skies      To  praise  very  highly .  to  raise  very  high . 

Have  too  high  an  opinion  of  oneself ,  etc.     To  be  vain      See  Conceit 

Magnify.     To  increase  the  size  of. 

Make  mountains  of  mole-hills.     To  exaggerate ;  magnify. 

Make  much  of         \  „ 

Make  too  much  of.  )To,xagserate 

Make  the  best  of.  1  -,    .     .   ,  , . 

Make  the  most  of.)  To  look  favorably  upon. 

Make  the  worst  of      To  belittle. 

Make  two  bites  of  a  cherry.  To  exaggerate  or  hold  of  undue  impor- 
tance. 

Outreckon.     To  estimate  too  highly. 

Overestimate .     To  ra*/j  too  highly. 

Overpraise.     To  commend  too  much. 

Overprize .     To  esteem  too  highly. 

Overreckon.}  To  value  to°  higUv- 
Overstrain.     To  exert  too  much. 

Overhigh.}  To  estimate  to°  h^y- 
Set  too  high  a  value  upon.     To  overvalue. 
Strain.     To  stretch  .  exaggerate. 
Think  much  of.        \  „ 
Think  too  much  of  J  To  exaggerate. 

Overvaluation — Adjectives. 
Overestimated,  etc      Rated  too  highly.     See  Verbs. 
Oversensitive,  etc.     Too  easily  affected      See  Sensitiveness. 


UNDERVALUATION— Verbs-  Continued. 

Neglect,  etc.     To  fail  to  treat  with  due  consideration      See  Careful. 

ness-Neglect 
Not  to  do  justice  to.      Not  to  regard  at  true  value. 
Ridicule,  etc      To  deride.     See  Society-Derision. 
Set  at  naught.     To  hold  as  nothing 
Set  no  store  by.     To  regard  as  of  little  importance 
Shake  off  as  dew-drops  from  a  lion's  mane.    To  consider  of  no  account. 
Slight,  etc      To  neglect  wilfully  disregard.     See  Regard  Scorn. 
Slur  over.     To  pass  over  lightly. 
Think  nothing  of      To  belittle. 
Underestimate.     To  value  too  lowly 
Underrate.     To  estimate  too  lowly. 
Underreckon.     To  count  of  too  little  value. 
Undervalue.     To  rate  too  lowly. 

Undervaluation — Adjectives. 

Depreciated.     Lowered  in  worth. 
Depreciating,  etc.     Losing  in  value.     See  Verbs. 
Unprized.      Without  prize. 
Unvalued.     Without  value '  having  no  value. 


OVERVALUATION— Ctminued. 
Overvaluation — Phrases 

All  his  geese  are  swans.     Boasting,  in  an  exaggerative  manner 
Parturiunt  monies  [L.]      The  mountains  are  in  labor  (mice  wiii  be 
born) 


o"-ver-val'-ue.  To  value  too  much.  Overvaluation- 
Undervaluation. 

o"-ver-ween'-ing.  Arrogant.  Conceit-Diffidence, 
Excess  -  Lack,  Presumption  -  Obsequiousness, 
Recklessness  -  Caution,  Selfrespect  -  Humble- 
ness. 

o"-ver- weigh'.  To  exceed  in  weight.  Dominance- 
Impotence,  Overvaluation-  Undervaluation, 
Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

o"-ver-whelm' .  To  ruin;  to  overcome.  Creation- 
Destruction,  Excess-Lack,  Excitation. 

o"-ver- whelmed'.  Defeated.  Liberty-Subjection, 
Success-Failure. 

o"-ver-whelm'-ing.  Powerful;  sublime.  Astonish- 
ment-Expectance, Excitation,  Strength-Weak- 
ness. 

o"-ver-wise'.     Too  wise.     Conceit-Diffidence. 

o"-ver-work' .  To  work  too  much.  Use-Misuse, 
Weariness-Refreshment. 

»"-ver- wrought'.  Overdone;  excited.  Excitation, 
Gull-Hyperbole,  Society- Affectation. 

o"-ver-zear-ous.  Too  zealous.  Excitability-Inex- 
citability. 

o'-vi-form.     Egg-shaped;  elliptical.     Roundness. 

ovo,in  [L.]  (o'-vo,  in).     In  the  egg.     Cause-Effect. 

o'-void.     Egg-shaped.     Roundness. 

o'-vule.     Seed.     Circle-Winding. 

o'-vum.     Part  of  an  ovary.     Biology. 

owe.  To  be  in  debt.  Credit-Debt;  owe  to  oneself, 
Duty-Dereliction. 

Ow'-ing.  In  debt.  Credit-Debt;  owing  to,  Cause- 
Effect,  Rationale-Luck. 

Owl.  Figurative  name  for  a  wise  man.  Sage-Fool; 
owl's  light,  Dimness;  screech-owl,  Cry-Ululation. 

own.  Possess;  acknowledge.  Assent-Dissent,  Ex- 
posure-Hidingplace,  Holding-Exemption,  Prop- 
erty; act  on  one's  own  responsibility,  Rule-Li- 
cense; after  one's  own  heart,  Love-Hate;  at  one's 
own  risk,  Duty-Dereliction;  come  by  one's  own, 
Gain-Loss;    condemned  out  of  one's  own  mouth. 


Proof-Disproof;  consult  one's  pleasure,  Unself- 
ishness-Selfishness; have  one's  own  way,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility, Liberty -Subjection,  Rule -Li- 
cense, Success- Failure,  Volition -Obligation; 
hold  one's  own,  Attack-Defense,  Rule-License; 
know  one's  own  mind,  Persistence-Whim;  look 
after  one's  own  interest,  Unselfishness-Selfish- 
ness; look  with  one's  own  eyes,  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness; not  know  one's  mind,  Determination- 
Vacillation;  not  know  one's  own  interest,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness;  of  one's  own  accord,  Readiness- 
Reluctance,  Volition-Obligation;  out  of  one's 
own  head,  Volition-Obligation;  own  flesh  and 
blood,  Relationship;  own  oneself  in  the  wrong, 
Repentance-Obduracy;  own  to  the  soft  impeach- 
ment, Exposure-Hidingplace;  pay  in  one's  own 
coin,  Reprisal-Resistance  ;  stand  in  one's  own  light, 
Skjll-Unskilfulness;  take  the  law  into  one's  own 
hands,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Law-Lawlessness, 
Volition-Obligation;  throw  a  stone  in  one's  own 
garden,  Reprisal-Resistance,  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness;  will  of  one's  own,  Determination-Vacilla- 
tion. 

own'-er.       Possessor.       Holder;    without  an  owner, 
Holding-Exemption. 

own'-er-ship.      The  state  of  being  owner.      Holding- 
Exemption,  Property. 

ox.        Animal.        Fauna-Flora,   Male-Female;    hot 
enough  to  roast  an  ox,  Heat-Cold. 

ox'-goad".     A  pointed  stick  to  drive  oxen.     Weapon. 

ox'-id.     Compound  of  oxygen.     Chemistry. 

ox"-i-da'-tion.  The  process  of  becoming  oxidized.  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration, Biology. 

o'-yer.      Trial.     Court  of   oyer  and  terminer,  Tribu- 
nal. 

o'-yes".      Hear.      Hearing- Deafness,     Heed -Dis- 
regard, Publicity. 

oys'-ter.     An  edible  bivalve  found  in  salt  water.      Nu- 
triment-Excretion. 

o'-zone.     Kind  of  gas.     Chemistry. 


749 


PAINTING. 


P.  The  sixteenth  letter  of  the  alphabet.  Mind  one's 
P's  and  Q's,  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Duty- 
Dereliction,  Politeness-Impoliteness;  P-coat, 
Dress-Undress.. 

pab'-u-lum.  Food.  Materiality^Spirituality,  Ma- 
terials, Nutriment-Excretion;  mental  pabulum, 
Conception-Theme. 

pace.  A  step;  a  particular  gait.  Mensuration,  Move- 
ment-Rest, Traveling-Navigation  ;  keep  pace  with, 
Cooperation  -  Opposition,  Swiftness  -  Slowness  ; 
pace  up  and  down,  Traveling- Navigation;  put 
through  one's  paces,  Manifestation-Latency;  show 
one's  paces,  Pomp. 

pacem  para  bellum ,  si vis  [L.]  (p£'-sem  pe'-ra  bel'-lum, 
sai  vis).  If  you  wish  peace,  prepare  for  war.  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

pach"-y-der'-ma-tous.  Thick-skinned;  pertaining  to 
a  former  order  of  hoofed  mammals.  Feeling-Ix- 
sensibility,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

pa-cif'-ic.  Calm.  Strife-Peace,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

pa-cif"-i-ca'-tion.  Act  of  making  peace.  Fighting- 
Conciliation,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

pac'-i-fi-ca"-tor.     A  peacemaker.     Strife-Peace. 

pac'-i-fied.  Calmed.  Fighting-Conciliatiox,  Vari- 
ance-Accord. 

pac'-i-fy.  To  calm.  Fighting-Conciliation,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness. 

pack.  A  bundle;  a  crowd;  to  make  full.  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution, Gathering-Scattering,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Organization-Disorganization, 
Preparation  -  Nonpreparation,  Presence  -  Ab- 
sence; pack  off,  Admission-Expulsion,  Arrival- 
Departure;  pack  of  nonsense,  Consequence-In- 
significance, pack  up,  Confinement;  send  pack- 
ing, Admission-Expulsion. 

pack'-age.  A  bundle.  Establishment-Removal, 
Gathering-Scattering. 

pack'-et.  A  small  package;  a  vessel.  Conveyance- 
Vessel,  Gathering-Scattering. 

pack'-horse.  A  horse  which  carries  heavy  bundles. 
Conveyer. 

pack'-ing.  Arranging  closely.  Establishment-Re- 
moval. 

pack'-sad-dle.  A  saddle  for  a  pack-horse.  Suspen- 
sion-Support. 

pack'-thread" .  Thread  used  for  sewing  packages. 
Lamina-Fiber. 

pact.     An  agreement.     Contract. 

Pac-to'-lus.  A  river  in  ancient  Lydia  famous  for  its 
golden  sands.     Affluence-Penury. 

pad.  To  stuff;  a  road-horse.  Conveyer,  Cover- 
Lining,  Enlargement-Diminution. 

pad'-ding.  Material  for  stuffing.  Cover-Lining, 
Hardness-Softness,  Perforator-Stopper. 

pad'-dle.  To  beat  the  water  with  oars;  an  oar.  In- 
strument, Traveling-Navigation;  paddle  one's 
own  canoe,  Conduct,  Liberty-Subjection;  paddle 
steamer,  Conveyance- Vessel. 

pa"-di-shah'.  Chief  ruler;  a  title  of  the  Sultan  of 
Turkey.     Chief-Underling. 

pad'-lock.  A  lock  for  a  staple.  Connective,  Release- 
Prison  ;  put  a  padlock  on  one's  lips,  Talkativeness- 
Taciturnity. 

fta'-dre.     Father.     Ministry-Laity. 


pa-dro'-ne.     A  patron.     Chief-Underling. 

pae'-an.  Song  of  triumph.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Devotion  -  Idolatry,  Jubilation  -  Lamentation, 
Solemnization,  Thankfulness-Thanklessness. 

pa'-gan.    A  heathen.    Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

pa'-gan-ism.  Worship  of  false  gods.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

pag'-eant.  A  pompous  show.  Appearance-Disap- 
pearance, Pomp. 

pag'-eant-ry.  Display.  Appearance-Disappearance, 
Pomp. 

pag"-i-na'-tion.  The  act  of  paging,  as  a  book.  Prede- 
cessor-Continuation. 

pa-go'-da.     An  Eastern  temple.     Fane. 

pah.    A  kind  of  entrenchment.    Attack-Defense. 

paid.     Recompensed.     Settlement-Default. 

pail.    A  vessel  for  water,  etc.    Contents-Receiver. 

paillard  [F.]  (pai-yar').    A  lewd  person.    Purity-Rake 

pail"-lasse'.  A  mattress  of  cheap  material.  Suspen- 
sion-Support. 

pain.  Distress;  punishment.  Goodness-Badness, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Pleasure-Pain, 
Recompense-Penalty,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

pained.  Distressed.  Pleasure-Pain,  Sensuality- 
Suffering. 

pain'-ful.  Giving  pain.  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness, Sensuality-Suffering. 

pain'-ful-ly.  With  suffering.  Macnitude-Smallness 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

pain'-ful-ness.  Suffering  of  body  or  mind.  Good-Evil: 
Goodness  -  Badness,  Pleasurableness  -  Painful- 
ness,  Remedy-Bane. 

pai'-nim.     Pagan.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

pain'-less.     Free  from  pain.     Pleasure-Pain. 

pains.  Carefulness.  Toil-Relaxation;  g~t  for  one's 
pains,  Recompense-Punition;  pains  and  penalties, 
Recompense-Penalty;  take  pains,  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Toil-Relaxation. 

pains'-ta"-ker.  A  careful  person.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness. 

pains'-ta"-king.  Taking  pains;  diligent  work.  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Toil-Relaxation. 

paint.  A  pigment;  to  portray.  Color-Achromatism, 
Cover-Lining,  Delineation-Caricature,  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement, Painting,  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud; paint  the  lily,  Excess-Lack. 

paint'-ed.     Portrayed.     Painting. 

paint'-er.  A  rope  at  the  bow  of  a  boat ;  one  who  paints. 
Artist,  Connective. 

paint'-ing.  The  act  of  laying  on  paints  with  a  brush ;  a 
picture.  Delineation-Caricature,  Nature-Art, 
Painting. 

PAINTING. 

Cabinet  pictures.     Small  and  highly  finished  pictures  suitable  to  a 

small  room  and  for  close  inspection. 
Calotype.     A  picture   obtained  from  paper  rendered  sensitive  by 

iodid  of  silver. 
Canvas.     A  picture  made  on  canvas. 
Cartoon.     A  picture  of  caricature. 
Chiaroscuro.     The  art  of  mingling  dark  and  light  colors  in  a  pleasing 

effect.     See  Light. 
Composition.     Anything  put  together  of  artistic  effects. 
Daguerreotype.     An  early  photograph  made  according  to  the  plan  of 

Daguerre,  the  inventor. 
Depicting.     A  picturing  with  words  or  colors. 


PAINTING. 


750 


PAL. 


Design.     An  artistic  representation. 

Diorama.  A  painting  or  paintings  so  arranged  as  to  be  seen  in  rapid 
succession  by  the  spectators. 

Drauiht  1  ^  p*an  arawn  to  a  sca^e- 

Drawing.  Any  picture  or  representation  of  an  object  by  crayon, 
pencil,  or  otherwise.     See  Verbs, 

Easel-picture.     A  picture  suited  in  size  and  subject  to  an  easel. 

Enamel.     A  painting  finished  in  enamel. 

Encaustic  painting.  A  painting  in  which  the  colors  are  fixed  by 
burning. 

Flower  painting.     A  painting  of  flowers. 

Fresco.     A  picture  depicted  on  a  wall. 

Full-length.     A  portrait  of  the  entire  person. 

Genre  [P.].     Style 

Gouache  [F.J  A  painting  made  by  opaque  colors  mixed  in  water 
and  gun. 

Grisaille  [F.].  A  style  of  painting  in  .grayish  tint;,  in  imitation  of 
bas-reliefs. 

Half-length.     A  portrait  showing  the  upper  half  of  the  body. 

Head.     A  portrait  of  the  head. 

Heliograph..     A  photograph  taken  by  sunlight. 

HeUography.     Art  of  taking  pictures  by  sunlight. 

Heliotype.  A  picture  made  by  heliotypy  or  the  process  of  transfer- 
ring a  picture  fro  n  negatives  to  the  printed  plate. 

High  art.     Artistic  skill. 

Historical  painting.      A  painting  of  historical  scenes. 

Kit-kat.  A  picture  about  28x36  inches,  so  called  because  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Kit-Kat  Club  had  their  portraits  painted  of  that  size. 

Landscape.     A  picture  of  natural  scenery. 

Landscape  painting.     Painting  confined  to  natural  scenery. 

Marine  painting.      Painting  of  sea  views. 

Miniature.  X  A  painting  of  small  size  and  careful  workman- 

Miniature  painting.  >       ship,  or  the  act  of  painting  such. 

Monochrome.     Painting  in  different  shades  of  the  same  color. 

Mosaic.  A  surface  inlaid  with  bits  of  stone,  glass,  etc.,  arranged  in 
an  artistic  manner. 

Oil-painting.     A  painting  done  in  oils. 

Ornamental  art.     Painting.     See  Embellishment. 

Outline.     A  sketch  oi  an  object  bringing  out  its  principal  lines. 

Painting.     The  art  of  depicting;  the  thing  depicted. 

Panorama.  A  series  of  pictures  passing  continuously  before  the 
spectators;  a  widely  extended  view  in  all  directions. 

Pencil  drawing.     A  drawing  executed  with  a  pencil. 

Perspective.  The  art  of  delineating  cubical  objects  on  a  surface  so 
that  they  shall  appear  as  real  objects. 

Photograph.     A  picture  due  to  the  action  of  light  on  a  sensitized  film. 

Photography.  The  process  of  forming  an  image  by  the  chemical 
action  of  light. 

Picture.     Representation  of  an  object,  as  by  painting. 

Piece.     Anything  finished  in  itself,  as  music,  sculpture,  etc. 

Polychrome.     A  picture  in  several  colors. 

Portrait.  Representation  of  an  individual  by  any  process.  See 
Delineation.  % 

Portrait  painting      A  painting  or  picture  of  a  person. 

Portraiture.     A  representation  of  an  object,  as  by  drawing,  painting. 

Priming.     The  first  ground. 

Profile.     A  drawing  in  which  the  outlines  are  shown. 

Prospect.     A  distant  view  spread  out  to  the  eye. 

Scene.     A  stretch  of  country  seen  at  a  distance. 

Scene  painting.    A  painting  of  some  scene,  or  the  art  of  painting  such. 

Scenography.     The  art  of  representing  an  object  in  perspective. 

School.     The  body  of  disciples  of  a  teacher  or  system. 

Sciagraphy.     The  art  of  painting  shadows  properly. 

Sea  view.     A  scene  of  the  sea. 

Shade.     Th^  dark  part  of  a  picture. 

Silhouette  [F.].     A  very  simple,  profile  drawing. 

Sketch.     An  incomplete  drawing. 

Still  life.     A  dead,  inanimate  representation. 

Study.     A  first  sketch  from  nature  or  the  living  model. 

Style.     Mode  of  presentation  or  execution. 

Sun  painting.      Depiction  by  the  action  of  sunlight. 

Tableau.     A  representation  of  a  scene  by  motionless  persons. 

Talbotype.     A  picture  obtained  from  sensitive  paper. 

Tapestry.     A  textile  fab  ic  with  elaborate  designs  inwoven.- 

The  grand  art     j  Artistic  art. 

The  grand  style. I 

Treatment.     The  art  of  treating  of  anything. 

View.     That  which  is  seen. 

Water-color  drawing.     A  drawing  or  sketch  in  water-colors. 

Whole-length.     A  picture  which  shows  the  whole  person. 

Painting — Associated  Nouns. 

Blacklead.     Plumbago. 

Body-color.     A  color  possessing  body  or  substance  in  a  great  degree. 


Brush.     A  painting  instrument  made  of  hair,  bristles,  etc.,  attached 

to  a  handle. 
Chalk.     A  piece  of  soft  limestone  used  to  make  marks. 
Charcoal.     A  drawing  pencil  made  of  charcoal -dust. 
Crayons.     A  cylindrical  piece  of  prepared  chalk  of  various  colors 

used  in  lithography. 
Distemper.     A  pigment  mixed  with  a  vehicle,  as  yolk  of  eggs  or  glue. 
Easel.     A  small  frame  for  supporting  pictures. 
Gouache  [F.].     A  method  of  painting  with  colors  mixed  in  water  and 

gum. 
Oil  color.     A  painting  color  made  of  a  pigment  mixed  in  oil. 
Oil  paint.     A  painting  whose  colors  are  oil  colors;  paint  made  by  the 

addition  of  oil. 
Oils.     A  liquid  insoluble  in  water,  inuch  used  in  painting. 
Paint.     A  coloring  substance  of  any  kind,  dry  or  liquid.     See  Color 

p  ,,  .   "r  A  small,  oval,  paint-holding  board  used  by  artists. 

Pastel.     A  paste  of  varied  colors  used  like  a  crayon. 

Pencil.  A  small  piece  of  lead  covered  with  wood,  and  used  in  draw- 
ing, sketching,  etc. 

Stump.  A  short  roll  of  paper  used  in  shading  and  toning  crayon 
sketches. 

Tempera  [It.].     An  Italian  method  of  painting  in  distemper. 

Varnish.  A  resinous  matter  spread  over  smooth  surfaces  to  give  a 
glossy  appearance.     See  Pulpiness-Rosin. 

Vergette  [F.].     A  palette. 

Water-color.     A  coloring  pigment  mixed  in  water. 

Water-glass.     Glass  made  liquid  by  boiling  in  an  alkali. 

Painting — Nouns  of  Place. 

Atelier  [F.].     Workshop  of  an  artist. 

Picture  gallery.     A  place  where  pictures  are  kept  for  exhibition. 

Studio.     An  artist's  study  or  workshop. 

Painting — Verbs. 
Chalk  out.     To  outline  in  the  rough. 
Color.     To  give  colors  to;  paint. 
Dash  off.     To  sketch  rapidly. 
Dead  color.     To  deprive  of  its  glossiness. 
Depict.     To  delineate ;  portray. 
Design.     To  draw  something  with  an  end  in  view. 
Draw.     To  make  a  diagram  of.  as  with  a  pencil. 
Draw  in  pencil.     See  Nouns. 
Hatch.     To  mark  with  hatchings  or  to  fill  with  cross  lines  for  pur 

poses  of  shading. 
Limn.     To  draw  or  decorate. 
Paint.     To  represent  in  colors. 
Paint  in  oils.     See  Nouns. 
Pencil.     To  draw  as  with  a  pencil. 
Scratch.     To  draw  clumsily. 
Shade.     To  cause  to  blend  by  gradations 
Sketch.     To  draw  rapidly  an  outline  of  an  object. 
Square  up.     To  put  on  the  last  touches. 
Stencil.     To  make  or  decorate  as  with  a  stencil. 
Stipple.     To  sketch  with  dots  instead  of  lines. 
Varnish.     To  cover  with  varnish;  make  glossy. 
Wash.     To  spread  India  ink  over  surface  of. 

Painting — Adjectives. 
Graphic.     Pertaining  to  writing  or  drawing. 
Oil.     Covering  with  oil.     See  Nouns. 
Painting.     Drawing  in  colors.     See  Verbs. 
Pencil.     Made  with  a  pencil. 
Pictorial.     Of  or  characteristic  of  a  picture 
Picturesque.     Having  the  beauty  of  a  picture. 

Painting — Adverb. 

In  pencil.     See  Nouns. 

Painting — Phrases. 

Delineavit  [L.].     He  painted  it. 

Fecit  [L.].     He  made  it. 

Mututn  est  pictura  poema  [L.l     A  picture  is  a  mute  poem. 

pair.  Two  of  anything.  Duality,  Likeness-Unlikb- 
ness;  pair  off,  Matrimony-Celibacy,  Medium 

pair'-oar.     A  boat.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

pairs.    A  game  of  cards.    Entertainment-Weariness. 

Paix'-han.    A  French  general.    Paixhan  gun,  Weapon. 

pdjaro  en  ma.no  que  buitre  volando,  mds  vale  [Sp.] 
(pa'-har-o  en  ma'-no  kA  bu-i'-tre  vo-Ian'-do.  mas 
val'-e).  A  sparrow  on  the  hand  is  better  than  a 
vulture  on  the  wing.     Certainty-Doubt. 

pal.     A  chum.     Antagonist-Assistant,  Friend-Foe. 


PALACE. 


751 


PALEONTOLOGY. 


pal'-ace.     A  grand  house.     Duality;  bishop's  palace, 

,   Fane. 

pal'-a-din.  A  paragon  of  knighthood.  Attack-De- 
fense, Belligerent. 

pa"-l3e-o-crys'-tic.  Pertaining  to  ice  that  exists  from 
year  to  year.     Novelty-Antiquity. 

pa"-lae-ol'-o-gy.  The  study  of  antiquity.  Future- 
Past,  Language,  Word-Neology. 

pa-lses'-tra.    A  wrestling-court.    Lists,  School. 

pa-lae"-ti-ol'-o-gy.  Oratory  as  taught  in  the  Greek 
gymnasium.     Future-Past. 


palais  de  viriiS  [F.]  (pa-le'  de  ve-ri-te').  The  palace  of 
truth.     Craft-Artlessness. 

pal"-an-quin'.  Oriental  carriage  borne  on  men's  shoul- 
ders.    Conveyance- Vessel. 

pal'-a-ta-ble.  Agreeable  to  the  taste.  Palatableness- 
Unpalatableness,  Pleasurableness  -  Painful- 
ness,   Savor-Tastelessness,   Sensuality-Sufflr- 

ING. 

pal'-a-ta-ble-ness.  The  quality  of  being  palatably 
Palatableness-Unpalatableness. 


PALATABLENESS— UNPALATABLENESS. 


Relish.     The  sensation  of  pleasant  taste. 

Savoriness.     The  quality  of  being  pleasant  to  the  taste  or  smell. 

Zest.     An  agreeable  flavor,  especially  that  added  to  give  piquancy. 

Palatableness — Denotations. 
Ambrosia.     The    immortality-giving  food  of    the  gods,  sometimes 

supposed  to  be  used  as  an  unguent. 
Bonne  bouclie  [F.J.     A  delicate  morsel. 
Dainty.     A  luscious  morsel. 
Delicacy.     A  luxury  or  dainty. 

Game.     The  flesh  of  wild  animals  prepared  for  food. 
Nectar.     The  drink  of  the  gods. 
Tit-bit.     A  morsel  of  choice  food. 
Turtle.     The  flesh  of  the  turtle  prepared  for  food. 
Venison.     The  flesh  of  deer  prepared  for  food. 

Palatableness — Verbs. 
Be  savory,  etc.     See  A  djeciives. 
Flatter  the  palate.     To  have  a  very  agreeable,  taste. 
Like.     To  enjoy  the  taste  of. 
Relish.     To  like  the  taste  of. 

Render  palatable.     To  make  pleasing  to  the  taste.     See  Adjectives. 
Smack  the  lips.     To  take  pleasure  in  eating. 
Tickle  the  appetite.     To  have  a  very  agreeable  taste. 
Tickle  the  palate.     To  be  agreeable  to  the  taste. 

Palatableness — Adjectives. 
Ambrosial.      Divinely  flavored. 

Appetizing.     Tending  to  increase  or  please  the  appetite. 
Duinty.     Having  a  refined,  delicate  taste. 
Delectable.     Capable  of  being  greatly  enjoyed. 
Delicate.     Refinedly  pleasing  to  the  taste. 
Delicious.      Extremely  delightful  to  the  sense  of  taste. 
Exquisite.     Characterized  by  a  very  delicate  flavor. 
Good.     Having  a  pleasant  savor. 
Gustful.     Having  a  good  taste. 
Lickerish.     Tempting  the  appetite. 
Luscious.     Exceedingly  delightful  to  the  sense  of  taste. 
Nice.     Having  a  pure,  refined  taste. 
Palatable.     Capable  of  being  eaten  with  a  relish. 
Pjch.     Having  many  qualities  that  are  pleasant  to  the  taste. 
Savory.     Having  a  pleasing  flavor. 
Tasty.      Having  a  fine  taste.     . 
To  one's  taste.     Agreeable  to  one's  taste 
Toothful.     I  „  t         .,,       . 
Toothsome. i  Eaten  with  enjoyment. 

Well-tasted.      With  a  good  taste. 

Palatableness — Phrases. 
Cela  se  laisse  manger  [F.J.     This  is  fit  to  eat. 
Per  amusare  la  bocca  [It. J.     To  please  the  palate. 


Acerbity:     Sourness  combined  with  bitterness. 
Acrimony.     Extreme  bitterness  of  taste. 
Acrirude.     The  quality  of  being  sharp  or  biting  to  the  taste. 
Amaritude.     Bitterness. 
Austerity.     Sourness  of  taste. 
Gall  and  wormwood.     Intense  bitterness. 

Roughness.     Astringency  or  harshness  to  the  taste.     See  Sweet- 
ness-Acidity. 
Sickener.     Anything  that  tends  to  sicken  or  nauseate. 
Unsavoriness.     The  quality  of  having  no  flavor;  tasteless. 


Unpalatableness — Denotations. 

Aloes.     An  intensely  bitter  resinous  substance. 

Asafetida.     The  dried  juice  of  certain  plants,  having  an  exceedingly 

offensive  odor  and  bitter  taste. 
Quassia.     The  bitter  wood  of  the  bitter  ash. 
Rue.     A  very  bitter,  acrid  plant. 


Unpalatableness — Verbs. 

Be  unpalatable.     Unpleasant  to  the  taste.     See  Adjectives. 

Disgust.     To  offend  the  sense  of  taste. 

Nauseate.     To  cause  nausea  or  disgust. 

Pall.     To  be  insipid  and  tasteless. 

Sicken.     To  cause  to  be  sick. 

Turn  the  stomach.     Cause  stomach  sickness. 


Unpalatableness — Adjectives. 

Acrid.     Having  a  biting,  burning  taste. 

Acrimonious.     Very  bitter. 

Bitter.     Having  a  biting,  unpleasant  taste,  as  of  gall  or  aloes. 

Bitter  as  gall.     Bitter,  like  gall. 

Ill-flavored.     Not  having  a  good  taste. 

Loath.     Filled  with  disgust  or  aversion. 

Loathfulsome.     Causing  an  intense  feeling  of  dislike. 

Nasty.     Disgusting  to  the  sense  of  taste. 

Nauseous.     Causing  sickness  of  the  stomach. 

Offensive.     Extremely  unpleasant. 

Repulsive.     Causing  extreme  dislike  for. 

Rough.     Causing  a  puckering  feeling  in  the  mouth. 

Sickening.     See  Verbs. 

Unpalatable.     Unpleasant  to  the  taste. 

Unpleasant.     Disliked.     See  Pleasurablbness-Painfulnbss. 

Unsavory.     Without  taste. 

Unsweet.     Bitter  or  sour. 


pal -ate.  The  seat  of  taste.  Savor-Tastelessness; 
tickle  the  palate,  Palatableness  -  Unpalatable- 
ness, Pleasurableness-  Painfulness,  Savor- 
Tastelessness. 

pa-la'-tial.  Grand;  pertaining  to  a  palace.  Dwel- 
ler-Habitation, Pomp. 

pa-lat'-i-nate.  A  political  division  ruled  over  by  a 
prince.      Rule-License. 

pal'-a- tine-court.  A  high  judicial  function.  Tri- 
bunal. 

pa-la'-ver.  Idle  talk.  Conversation-Monologue, 
Council,  Meaning-Jargon,  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness. Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

pale.  A  picket;  wan.  Boundary,  Color-Achroma- 
tism.  Dimness,   Enclosure,  Extension-District, 


Sanguineness-Timidity;  pale  its  ineffectual  fire, 
Dimness,  Reputation  -  Discredit;  pale  of  the 
church,  Church;  turn  pale,  Color-Achromatism, 
Emotion,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

pale'-faced.       Having    a    pale    face.     Color-Achro 
matism. 

pale'-ness.  A  pale  color.  Color-Achromatism,  Dim- 
ness. 

pa"-le-og'-ra-phy.     Ancient    writings.     Future-Past 
Language. 

pa"-le-ol'-o-gy.  The  study  of  antiquity.  Future- 
Past,  Language,  Word-Neology. 

pa"-le-on-tol'-o-gy.  The  branch  of  biology  that  treats 
of  the  ancient  life  of  the  globe.  Future-Past,  Ge- 
ology, Zoology-Botany. 


PALEOZOIC. 


752 


PANIC-STRICKEN. 


pa"-le-o-zo'  ic.     Pertaining  to  the  lowest  geological  age. 

Novelty-Antiquity;  paleozoic  period,  Geology. 
pa-les'-tric.     Pertaining  to  wrestling.     Strife-Peace, 

Toil-Relaxation. 
pa-les'-tric-al.      Pertaining     to      wrestling.      Strife- 
Peace. 
pal'-e-tot.     A  loose  overcoat.     Dress-Undress. 
pal'-ette.     A  small  oval  board  on  which  a  painter  mixes 

his  colors.     Painting. 
pal'-frey.     A  saddle-horse,  especially  for  ladies.     Con- 
veyer. 
pal'-imp-sest.     A  parchment  written  upon  twice.    Com- 
mutation-Permutation. 
pal'-in-drome.    A  word  or  words  that  read  the  same  for- 
ward or  backward.     Reversal,  Word-Neology. 
pa'-ling.     A  picket;   an  enclosure.     Attack-Defense, 

Enclosure,  Release-Prison. 
pal"-in-ge-ne'-si-a.     Regeneration.     Renewal. 
pal"-in-gen'-e-sis.         A  new  birth  into  a  higher  life. 

Renovation-Relapse. 
pal'-i-node.     A  metrical  recantation.     Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy. 
pal'-i-no"-dy.    Retracting.    Bigotry-Apostasy. 
pal"-i-sade' .      A  fortification  of  stakes.      Attack-De- 
fense, Release-Prison. 
pall.      A  cloak;    a  covering  for  the  dead;    distasteful. 
Desire-Distaste,    Desire-Repletion,    Dress-Un- 
dress,   Entertainment-Weariness,    Feeling-In- 
sensibility,   Life-Funeral,    Palatableness-Un- 
palatableness,  scepter,  vestments. 
pal-la'-di-um.      A      safeguard.      Security -Insecur- 
ity. 
pal'-let.     A  small  bed.     Suspension-Support. 
pal'-li-a-ment.     A  robe.     Dress-Undress. 
pal'-li-ate.     Extenuate;  abate.     Alleviation-Aggra- 
vation,   Betterment-Deterioration,    Justifica- 
tion-Charge,   Remedy-Bane,    Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 
pal"-li-a'-tion.     Alleviation.     Alleviation-Aggrava- 
tion, Justification-Charge. 
pal'-li-a-tive.        Relieving.       Alleviation- Aggrava- 
tion, Remedy-Bane. 
pal'-lid.     Wan.     Color-Achromatism. 
pal-lid'-i-ty.     Paleness.     Color-Achromatism. 
pal'-li-um.      A  mantle  worn   by   the   clergy.      Vest- 
ments. 
paU"-mall'.   A  game.    Entertainment-Weariness. 
pal-lo'-ne.      A  game  resembling  tennis.      Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 
pal'-lor.     Paleness.     Color-Achromatism. 
palm.   To  steal ;  a  trophy.    Length-Shortness,  Theft, 
Title,  Trophy;     bear  the  palm,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit; grease  the  palm,  Giving-Receiving,  Motive- 
Caprice,  Settlement-Default;    itching  palm,  De- 
sire-Distaste, Extravagance- Avarice;    palm  off, 
Truthfulness-Fraud;  palm  upon,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud;  win  the  palm,  Success-Failure. 
pal'-ma-ted.     Resembling  the  hand.     Indentation. 
palm'-er.     A  wandering  religious  votary.     Ministry- 
Laity,  Wayfarer-Seafarer. 
pal'-mis-try.     The  pretended  art  of  reading  one's  future 

by  the  marks  in  the  palm  of  the  hand.     Prophecy. 
palm'-y.       Flourishing.      Lightheartedness-  Dejec- 
tion,   Pleasurableness-Painfulness,    Welfare- 
Misfortune;     palmy  days,  Pleasure-Pain,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune. 
pal"-pa-bil'-i-ty.     Perceptibility  by  touch.    Touch. 
pal'-pa-ble.     Obvious;    perceptible  by  touch.     Mani- 
festation -  Latency,    Materiality  -  Spirituality, 
Touch,  Visibility-Invisibility;     palpable  obscure, 
Light-Darkness. 
pal-pa'-tion.     A  digital  exploration.     Touch. 
pal'-pi-tate.      To  beat  quickly.     Agitation,  Emotion, 
Sanguineness-Timidity. 


pal"-pi-ta'-tion.  Rapid  pulsation.  Agitation,  Emo- 
tion, Sanguineness-Timidity. 

pal'-sied.  Paralytic.  Feeling-Insensibility,  Health- 
Sickness,  Might -Impotence,  Strength- Weak- 
ness. 

pal'-sy.  Paralysis.  Feeling-Insensibility,  Health- 
Sickness,  Might-Impotence,  Sensitiveness-Apa- 
thy. 

pal'-sy-strick"-en.  Paralyzed.  Sensitiveness-Apa- 
thy. 

pal'-ter.      Trifle.      Determination-Vacillation,  0b- 

SERVANCE-NONOBSERVANCE,    TrUTHFULNESS-FaLSE- 
HOOD. 

pal'-tri-ness.    Trifling.    Consequence-Insignificance. 

pal'-try.  Mean;  worthless.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Magnitude-Smallness,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

pal'-u-dal.    Fenny.    Swamp-Island. 

pam'-pas.  The  great  plains  of  South  America.  Gulf- 
Plain. 

pam'-per.  To  glut.  Fasting-Gluttony,  Moderation- 
Selfindulgence. 

pam'-pered.  Indulged.  Fasting-Gluttony,  Modera- 
tion-Selfindulgence. 

pam'-phlet.   A  small  book.   Missive-Publication. 

pam"-phlet-eer'.   A  scribbler.    Essay. 

pan.   A  shallow,  open  dish.   Contents-Receiver. 

pan"-a-ce'-a.     A  cure-all.     Remedy-Bane. 

pa"-nache'.  A  plume.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment, Smoothness-Roughness. 

Pan"-A-mer'-i-can.  Including  the  whole  of  America. 
Universality-Particularity. 

pan'-cre-as.     Gland  of  the  body.     Anatomy. 

pan"-cre-at'-ic.    Pertaining  to  the  pancreas.    Anatomy. 

pan'-dar.     A  procurer.     Purity-Rake. 

Pan-de'-an.  Pertaining  to  Pan.  Pandean  pipes,  Mu- 
sical  Instruments. 

pan'-dect.  A  treatise.  Digest,  Essay,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Law-Lawlessness. 

pan"-de-mo'-ni-um.  The  abode  of  all  demons.  Heav- 
en-Hell; inhabitants  of  pandemonium,  Angel- 
Satan. 

pan'-der.  To  mi.rister  to  the  evil  designs  of  others.  Pu- 
rity-Rake ;  pander  to,  Adulation-Disparagement, 
Instrumentality,  Obstruction-Help. 

pan"-dic-u-la'-tion.  The  act  of  stretching  the  body  and 
limbs;  yawning.  Activity-Indolence,  Aperture- 
Closure,  Enlargement-Diminution. 

pan'-doci.     An  inhuman  soldier.    Belligerent. 

Pan-do'-ra.  A  beautiful  woman  in  classical  mythology. 
Bottom  of  Pandora's  box,  Sanguineness-Hopeless- 
ness;  Pandora's  box,  Good-Evil. 

paned.  Having  panels  of  a  different  color  from  the  rest 
of  the  fabric.     Variegation. 

pan"-e-gyr'-ic.  Eulogy.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Rhetoric 

pan"-e-gyr'-ic-al.  A  eulogy.  Approval-Disappro- 
val. 

pan'-e-gy-rize.  To  pronounce  a  panegyric  on.  Appro- 
val-Disapproval. 

pan'-el.  Square  of  wainscot;  jury-roll.  Environment- 
Interposition,  Justification-Charge,  Record; 
sliding  panel,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

pan'-el-ing.  Work  in  panels.  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement. 

pang.  A  pain.  Pleasure-Pain,  Sensuality-Suffer- 
ing. 

Pan'-gloss.  A  character  in  Voltaire's  Candide. 
Scholar-Dunce. 

pan"-har-mon'-ic.  Embracing  all  harmony.  Univer- 
sality-Particularity. 

pan'-ic.    Sudden  fright.    Sanguineness-Timidity. 

pan'-ic-strick"-en.  Stricken  with  panic.  Sanguinb- 
ness-Timidity. 


PANIC-STRUCK. 


753 


PARALLEL. 


pan'-ic-struck".     Struck  with  panic.     Sanguineness- 

TlMIDITY. 

pan'-ier.  Bustle  for  a  woman's  dress.  Dress-Un- 
dress. 

pan'-nel.  A  rustic  saddle.  Erectness-Flatness, 
Suspension-Support. 

pan'-nier.    A  wicker  basket.    Contents-Receiver. 

pan'-o-plied.  Arranged  in  complete  armor.  Attack- 
Defense,  Security-Insecurity. 

pin'-o-ply.     Armament.     Attack-Defense,  Weapon. 

pan-op'-ti-con.     A  prison.     Release-Prison. 

pan-o-ra'-ma.  Complete  view.  Appearance-Dis- 
appearance, Painting. 

pan-o-ram'-ic .  Like  a  panorama.  Visibility-In- 
visibility. 

Pan"-slav'-ic.  Pertaining  to  all  the  peoples  of  Slavic 
blood.     Universality-Particularity. 

pan'-so-phy.  A  scheme  of  universal  knowledge. 
Knowledge-Ignorance. 

pant.  To  breathe  quickly.  Emotion,  Heat-Cold, 
Weariness-Refreshment;  pant  for,  Desire-Dis- 
taste. 

pan"-ta-loon'.  A  buffoon.  Acting,  Infant- Veteran, 
Wag. 

pan"-ta-loons'.     Trousers.     Dress-Undress. 

pan'-the-ism.  The  doctrine  that  the  universe  is  God. 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

pan'-the-ist.  A  believer  in  pantheism.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

pan"-the-is'-tic .  Relating  to  pantheism.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

Pan'-the-on.  A  circular  temple  at  Rome.  Fane, 
Jove-Fiend. 

pan'-ther.    A  leopard.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

pan'-tile.  A  peculiar  tile.  Cover-Lining,  Water- 
course-Airpipe. 

pant'-ing.     Quick  breathing.     Emotion. 

pan"-ti-soc'-ra-cy.  Equal  rank  and  authority  for  all. 
Gentility-Commonalty,  Rule-License. 

pan-tol'-o-gist.  An  expert  in  pantology.  Adept- 
Bungler,  Scholar-Dunce. 

pan-tol'-o-gy.  A  system  involving  all  departments  of 
human  knowledge.     Knowledge-Ignorance. 

pan-tom'-e-ter.  An  instrument  for  measuring  angles 
and  determining  perpendiculars.     Mensuration. 

pan'-tc-mime .  A  series  of  actions  used  to  express  ideas. 
Acting,  Language,  Sign. 

pan"-tc-mim'-ic.  A  series  of  actions  used  to  express 
ideas.     Sign. 

pan'-tc-mim"-ist.  One  who  employs  pantomime. 
Acting,  Society-Laughingstock. 

pan'-try.    Closet  for  provisions.     Contents-Receiver. 

pan'-ur-gy.  Universal  skilfulness.  Skill-Unskil- 
pulness. 

pap.  A  teat;  soft  food  for  infants.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Pulpiness-Oiliness. 

pa-pa'.     Father.     Parentage-Progeny. 

Pa-pa'.     The  pope.     Ministry-Laity. 

pa'-pa-cy.  Office  of  the  pope.  Orthodoxy-Hetero- 
doxy. 

pa'-pal.     Belonging  to  the  pope.     Church. 

pa'-per.  A  substance  for  writing  or  printing  on; 
written  promises  to  pay.  Cover-Lining,  Missive- 
Publication,  Security,  Whiteness -Blackness, 
Writing- Printing;  paper  credit,  Credit-Debt; 
paper  money,  Money;  paper  pellet,  Consequence- 
Insignificance;  paper  war,  Ratiocination-In- 
stinct, Strife-Peace. 

pap-es'-cent.      Containing  pap.     Pulpiness-Oiliness. 

Pa  -phi-an.  A  prostitute.  Moderation-Selfindul- 
gence,  Purity-Impurity. 

pa-pil'-la.  The  nipple  of  the  mammary  glands.  Con- 
vexity-Concavity. 

pa'-pism.     Papacy.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 
48 


pa'-pist-ry.  The  religion  of  the  papists.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

pap-oose'.  A  North- American  Indian  infant.  Infant- 
Veteran. 

pap'-pous.  Having  a  pappus  or  down.  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

pap'-u-la.     A  pimple.     Convexity-Concavity. 

pap'-u-lose.  Full  of  papulae.  Convexity-Concav- 
ity. 

pap'-u-lous.  Full  of  papulae.  Convexity-Concav- 
ity. 

pa-py'-rus.  The  writing-paper  of  the  ancient  Egyp- 
tians.    Writing-Printing. 

par.  State  of  equality.  Equality-Inequality; 
above  par,  Goodness-Badness;  below  par,  Fault- 
lessness-Faultiness,  Goodness-Badness,  Height- 
Lowness. 

par    excellence    [F.]    (par     ec"-se-kurs').  Preemi- 

nently. Consequence-Insignificance,  Suprem- 
acy-Subordinacy. 

par  le  rot,  de  [F.]  (par  le  rwa,  de).  In  the  king's 
name.     Rule-License. 

par  nobile  jratrum  [L.]  (par  nob'-i-li  fre'-trum).  A 
noble  pair  of  brothers.  Friend-Foe,  Likeness- 
Unlikeness. 

par  parenihese  [F.]  (par  pa-ran1 -tez').  Parenthetic- 
ally.    Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

par  pari  rejero  [L.]  (par  pe-rai  ref'-er-o).  I  return 
like  for  like.     Reprisal-Resistance. 

par'-a-ble.  A  moral  fable.  Account,  Education- 
Misteaching,  Trope. 

pa-rab'-c-la.  One  of  the  conic  sections.  Curvation- 
Rectilinearity. 

par'-a-bol-ic.     Expressed  by  parable.     Trope. 

par"-a-cen-te'-sis.  The  operation  of  drawing  off  fluid, 
as  in  dropsy.     Admission-Expulsion. 

par-ach'-rc-nism.  A  chronological  error  by  which  a 
date  is  placed  too  late.  Chronology-Anachro- 
nism. 

par'-a-chute.  An  apparatus  for  descending  from  a 
balloon.     Conveyance-Vessel,  Refuge-Pitfall. 

Par'-a-clete.     The  Comforter.     Divinity. 

pa-rade'.  A  showy  exhibition.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion, Pomp. 

par'-a-digm.     A  model.     Copy-Model. 

par'-a-dise.  Heaven;  place  of  bliss.  Heaven-Hell, 
Pleasure-Pain;  fool's  paradise,  Sanguineness- 
Timidity;  in  paradise,  Pleasure-Pain. 

par"-a-di-si'-a-cal.     Blissful.     Heaven-Hell. 

par'-a-dox.  A  tenet  seemingly  absurd,  yet  true. 
Adage-Nonsense,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility, Tidings-Mystery. 

par-a-dox'-ic-al.  Having  the  nature  of  a  paradox. 
Certainty-Doubt,  Clearness-Obscurity. 

par'-af-fin.  A  waxy  substance  obtained  from  tar. 
Pulpiness-Rosin. 

par"-a-gen'-e-sis.  Branch  of  chemical  geology.  Geol- 
ogy. 

par"-a-go'-ge.     Rhetorical  figure.     Rhetoric. 

par'-a-gon.  A  model  of  perfection.  Faultlessness- 
Faultiness,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

par'-a-gram.     A  pun.     Ambiguity,  Word-Neology. 

par'-a-graph.  A  part  of  a  discourse;  a  mark.  Mis- 
sive-Publication, Phrase,  Rhetoric,  Whole- 
Part. 

par"-a-leip'-sis.  A  feigned  omission.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness. 

par'-al-lax.  Such  difference  of  position  of  a  heavenly 
body  as  would  appear  if  viewed  from  two  points. 
Astronomy,  Remoteness-Nearness. 

par'-al-lel.  Extending  in  the  same  direction  hvA  neve; 
meeting.  Comparison,  Imitation-Originality. 
Likeness-Unlikeness,   Parallelism-Inclination, 


PARALLKb. 


754 


PARALLELISM— INCLINATION. 


Proportion-Deformity;  draw  a  parallel,  Compari- 
son; none  but  himself  can  be  his  parallel,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit; run  parallel,  Cooperation-Oppo- 
sition. 


par-aHel-ism.  State  of  being  parallel.  Harmony- 
Discord,  Likeness-Unlikeness,  Parallelism-In- 
clination, Proportion-Deformity,  Variance-Ac- 
cord. 


PARALLELISM— INCLINATION. 


Coextension.     The  act  or  state  of  being  equal  or  of  having  the  same 

limits. 
Parallelism.     State  of  being  parallel;  resemblance. 

Parallelism — Adjectives. 
Coextensive.     Extending  equally ;  having  same  limits. 
Parallel.     Running  side  by  side  in  same  direction  ;  similar. 

Parallelism — Adverb 
Alongside.     Lying  by  the  side  of.     See  Laterality. 


INCLINATION—  Verbs— Continued  from  Column  a 

Render  oblique.     To  move  away  from  the  perpendicular. 

Sag.     To  bend  down  in  the  middle :  lean  from  its  own  weight. 

Seel.     To  lean  to  the  sida;  careen,  heel 

Shelve.     To  tilt;  slope  by  degrees. 

Sidle.     To  move  with  the  side  in  the  froi  t, 

Slant,     To  turn  from  a  direct  line. 

Slope.     To  incline  from  a  given  line. 

Slouch.     To  walk  leaning  forward  and  in  an  awkward  manner. 

Stoop.     To  incline  forward  with  old  age  or  from  disease. 

Swag.     To  have  a  swaying  motion 

Sway.     To  move  from  side  to  side. 

Tilt.     To  push  forward  ;  incline  from  an  upright  position. 

Inclination — Adjectives . 

Abrupt.     Broken  off  suddenly;  steep;  broken. 

Acclivous.     Sloping  upward. 

Ajee.     Turned  to  one  side ,  awry 

Anticlinal.     Inclining  in  two  directions 

Antiparallel.     Parallel,  but  in  different  directions. 

Ascending.     Moving  upward. 

Askew.     In  an  inclining  manner;  awry. 

Aslant.     In  a  slanting  position. 

Athwart.     In  a  transverse  manner;  across 

Awry.     To  one  side ;  atwist. 

Bevel.     Sloping  off,  oblique. 

Breakneck.     Endangering  the  neck  or  life  of  one. 

Clinal.     Inclining 

Crooked.     Bent,  not  straight,  as  in  conduct. 

Curved.     Having  no  angles  or  corners.     See  Curvation. 

Declining.     Bending  downward. 

Declivous.     Opposed  to  acclivous. 

Descending.     Moving  downward  and  in  a  sloping  manner. 

Devex.     Bending  downward 

Diagonal.  Drawn  obliquely;  passing  from  corner  to  opposite 
corner 

Downhill.     Sloping  down. 

Falling.     Going  from  higher  to  lower  spot ;  descending. 

Inclined.      Leaning  forward    biased 

Indirect.     Not  direct,  crooked,  oblique. 

Knock-kneed.  Having  the  knees  sagging  together  See  Propor- 
tion-Deformity. 

Oblique.     Leaning  from  the  vertical    indirect. 

Out  o(  the  perpendicular.     Oblique 

Plagiedral.     Having  an  oblique  spiral  arrangement  of  planes. 

Precipitous      Sloping  greatiy  ,  steep. 

Recumbent.     Lying  back    leaning. 

Rising.     Moving  upward,  ascending. 

Skew.     Shaped  in  an  oblique  manner 

Slant.     Inclined  from  a  straight  line  .  sloping. 

Sloping.     Inclined  to  the  horizontal      See  Verbs. 

Steep.     Greatly  sloping;  precipitous 

Tilted.  Pushed  forward;  raised  as  to  one  end  out  of  the  horizontal. 
See  Verbs 

Transversal.     Running  crosswise . 

Transverse.     Lying  in  an  athwart  position. 

Uphill.     Moving  up:  ascending. 

Wry.     Twisted  to  one  side;  distorted. 

Inclination—  Adverbs,  etc. 
All  on  one  side.     Leaning  very  much. 

Askant'/ 0bliquely 

Askew.     In  a  twisted  manner. 

At  an  angle.     Sloping. 


Acclivity.     A  sloping;  an  inclining. 

Ascent.     A  gradual  rising. 

Bend.  The  act  of  crooking;  a  crook;  a  turning  from  the  straight 
line.     See  Curvation. 

Bevel.     An  inclination  of  two  surfaces  to  each  other. 

Bias.     A  bending  from  the  straight  line,  prejudice. 

Cant.     An  inclination  from  a  horizontal  line 

Crookedness.     State  of  being  crooked  or  bent      See  A  djectives. 

Declivity.     A  downward  decline ;  a  sloping  downward. 

Devexity.     A  sloping  downward ,  a  declivity. 

Dip.     Inclination  or  slope. 

Distortion.  The  act  of  twisting  aside.  See  Proportion-Deform- 
ity 

Downhill.     A  slope 

Easy  ascent.     A  slight  inclination. 

Easy  descent .     A  gradual  slope. 

Gentle  slope.     A  slight  incline. 

Gradient.     A  grade. 

Inclination.  Deflection  from  a  given  direction,  mental  divergence, 
bias 

Ltaning.  State  of  being  inclined  from  a  vertical  position  See 
Verbs. 

List.     Inclination  to  one  side;  a  careening. 

Lurch.     A  sudden  deviation  from  its  true  course 

Obliquity.  Deviation  from  the  horizontal  or  vertical;  mental  crook- 
edness 

Rapid  slope.     A  steep  incline. 

Rise.     A  gradual  ascent 

Slant.     A  leaning  obliquely. 

Slope.     Any  surface  inclining  to  the  plane  of  the  horizon. 

Slopeness.     The  state  of  being  a  slope 

Steepness.     Great  inclination  to  the  horizon      See  Adjectives 

Swag.     A  swaying  motion 

Tilt.     An  inclination  from  the  perpendicular 

Twist.     A  turning,  state  of  being  twisted 

Zigzag.     A  series  of  short  sharp  turns  from  one  side  to  another. 

Inclination — Scientific  Nouns 
Angle.     An  opening  between  two  lines  that  meet,  or  will  meet  it 

prolonged 
Clinometer.     An  instrument  for  measuring  angular  inclination. 
Cosine.     A  function  of  trigonometry,  in  a  right  triangle  it  is  the 

adjacent  side  divided  by  hypotenuse. 
Cotangent.  A  trigonometrical  function 
Hypotenuse.     The  side  of  a  right-angled   triangle  opposite  to  the 

right  angle. 
Sine.     A  trigonometrical  function. 

Inclination — Denotations. 
Bank.     The  slope  of  a  hillside. 
Cliff.     A  steep  slope 
Diagonal.     A  straight  line  or  plane  passing  from  one  angle  or  corner 

to  an  angle  or  corner  not  adjacent  to  it. 
Escarpment.     A  steep  slope. 

Facihs  descensus  Averni  fL.]      The  easy  descent  to  Avernus. 
Hill.     A  natural  elevation  of  earth. 

Moniagne  Russe  IF  ]      Russian  mountain,  suitable  for  coasting. 
Precipice.     A  high  and  very  steep  clifF.     See  Erectness. 
Scarp.     A  steep  slope 

Shelving  beach.     A  ledge  that  forms  shelves. 
Tower  of  Pisa.     A  tower  at  Pisa,  Italy,  that  leans  out  of  the  perpen*| 

dicular. 

Inclination — Verbs. 
Bend.     To  make  crooked;  deflect 
Be  oblique.     See  Adjectives. 
Bias.     To  swerve  in  rolling. 
Cant.     To  incline  forward ;  tilt 
Careen.     To  incline  to  one  side:  said  of  a  ship. 
Crook.     To  make  crooked ;  bend. 
Decline.     To  bend  downward  or  aside. 
Descend.     To  climb  down ;  go  from  higher  to  lower. 
Distort.     To  twist  awry;  turn  aside  from  true  meaning      See  Pro 

portion-Deformity. 
Heel.     To  incline  to  one  side. 

Incline.     To  cause  to  lean  from  the  erect  position ;  bond. 
Lean.     To  move  out  of  erect  posture;  incline  forward  or  backward. 
{Continued  on  Column  i.) 


PARALLELISM— INCLINATION.  755  PARDON— VINDICTIVENESS. 

INCLINATION— Adverbs— Continued. 


By  a  side  wind.     Obliquely. 
Edgewise.     In  the  direction  of  the  edge. 
Obliquely.     Slantingly.     See  Adjectives. 
On  one  side.     Leaning 


Sidelong.     Along  the  side. 
Sideways.     In  the  direction  of  the  side. 
Slantwise. \  ~,  ,.       . 
Slopewise.J  °bU0uely- 


par"-al-lel -o-gram.  A  quadrilateral  whose  opposite 
sides  are  parallel.     Angularity. 

par"-al-lel-o-pi'-ped.  A  regular  solid  bounded  by  six 
parallelograms,  the  opposite  ones  parallel  and  equal. 
Angularity. 

par-al'-o-gism.  Any  act  of  false  reasoning.  Ratioci- 
nat-ion-Instinct. 

par-al'-o-gy.  False  reasoning.  Ratiocination-In- 
stinct. 

par-al'-y-sis.  Loss  of  voluntary  motion.  FEELING- 
INSENSIBILITY,  HEALTH  -  SlCKNESS,  MlGHT- IMPO- 
TENCE, Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

par"-a-lyt'-ic.  Affected  with  paralysis.  Feeling-In- 
sensibility, Health-Sickness,  Might-Impotence. 

par'-a-lyze.  To  affect  with  paralysis.  Feeling-In- 
sensibility, Might- Impotence,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

par'-a-lyzed.  Affected  with  paralysis.  Might-Impo- 
tence. 

par-am'-e-ter.  Term  used  in  study  of  crystals.  Min- 
eralogy. 

par'-a-mount.  Chief.  Consequence-Insignifi- 

cance, Rule-License,  Supremacy-Subordinacy; 
lord  paramount,  Chief-Underling,  Holder;  para- 
mount estate,  Property. 

par'-a-mour.     A  lover  in  a  bad  sense.     Love-Hate. 

par"-a-no-ma'-si-a.     See  Paronomasia. 

par'-a-pet.     Breastwork.     Attack-Defense. 

par'-aph.     To  sign  the  initials.     Sign. 

par"-a-pher-na'-u-a.         Ornaments.  Instrument, 

Property. 

par'-a-phrase.  A  loose  or  free  translation.  Copy- 
Model,  Imitation-Originality,  Mark-Oblitera- 
tion, Phrase. 

par'-a-phrast.     One  who  paraphrases.     Interpreter. 

par'-a-phras"-tic.  Like  a  paraphrase.  Imitation- 
Originality,  Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 

par'-a-site.  A  hanger-on.  Chief-Underling,  Flat- 
terer-Defamer,  Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

par"-a-sit'-ic.     Living  on  another.      Liberty-Subjec- 


tion, Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Taking-Res- 
titution. 

par"-a-sit'-ic-al.  Living  en  another.  Liberty-Sub- 
jection, Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

par'-a-sol.  A  small  umbrella.  Cover-Lining,  Lumi- 
nary-Shade. 

par"-a-tax'-is.  The  arrangement  of  clauses  without 
connectives.     Grammar-Solecism. 

par-ath'-e-sis.  Apposition,  as  of  nouns.  Grammar- 
Solecism. 

paratus ,  in  utrumque  [L.]  (pa-re'-tus,  in  yu-trum'-quc). 
Prepared  for  either  alternative.  Determination- 
Vacillation,  Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

paratus,  semper  [L.]  (pa-re'-tus,  sem'-per).  Always 
prepared.     Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

parbleu  [F.]  (par'-blu).  A  polite  French  oath.  Chari- 
tableness-Curse, Taste- Vulgarity. 

par'-boil".     To  boil  partially.     Heating-Cooling. 

par'-buck"-le.  An  apparatus  for  rolling  barrels  or 
heavy  objects  up  or  down  an  incline.  Obstruction- 
Help. 

Par'-cae.  The  Latin  name  of  the  Fates.  Volition- 
Obligation. 

par'-cel.  A  bundle.  Gathering-Scattering, Whole- 
Part;  parcel  out,  Assignment,  Organization-Dis- 
organization; part  and  parcel,  Constituent-Alien. 

par'-cels.     Collections  of  anything.     Property. 

parcere  subjectis  [L.]  (par'-ser-i  sub-jec'-tis).  To  spare 
the  conquered.  Compassion-Ruthlessness,  Harsh- 
ness-Mildness. 

parch.  To  scorch;  extremely  dry.  Dampness-Dry- 
ness,  Heat-Cold,  Heating-Cooling. 

parched.  Scorched.  Parched  with  thirst,  Desire-Dis- 
taste. 

parch'-ment.  Skin  prepared  for  writing  on.  Security, 
Writing-Printing. 

par'-ci-ty.    Frugality.    Extravagance-Avarice. 

par'-don.  Forgiveness.  Exculpation-Conviction, 
Pardon-Vindictiveness;  beg  pardon,  Atonement; 
pardon  me,  Assent-Dissent. 


PARDON— VINDICTIVENESS— JEALOUSY— ENVY. 


Absolution.     Remission  of  sin  by  authority  of  the  priestly  office. 
Act  of  indemnity.     An  act  or  law  passed  in  order  to  relieve  persons, 

especially  in  an  official  station,  from  some  penalty  to  which  they 

are  liable  in  consequence  of  acting  illegally. 
AmaniiumirtE  [L.J.     Lovers*  quarrels. 
Amnesty      Pardon  by  the  chief  executive  to  a  whole  class  of  offenders 

against  the  state. 
Bill  of  indemnity.     See  Act  of  indemnity. 
Conciliation      Gaining  the  good  will  of . 
Condonation.     Forgiveness  by  one  of  a  married  couple  to  the  other 

for  breach  of  married  duty. 
Covenant  of  indemnity.  1  A  legal  agreement  granting  release  of    an 
Deed  of  indemnity.         J      obligation. 
Exculpation.     The  act  of  freeing  from  blame. 
Excuse.     Overlooking  small  faults. 

Exoneration.     A  freeing  or  freedom  from  a  charge,  accusation,  etc. 
Forgiveness.     Foregoing    of   punishment,    and    extinguishment    of 

resentment. 
Grace.     Divine  favor  tc"vard  man. 
Indemnity.     That  which  is  paid  for  a  loss. 
Indulgence.     Forbearance  of  restraint  or  control. 
Locus  pesnitentue  [L.].     Place  for  repentance. 
Longanimity.     Disposition  to  bear  iniuries  patiently. 
Oblivion.     Public  remission  and  pardon  of  offenses 
Pardon.     Removal  of  penalty  of  one  found  guilty. 
Placability.     Willingness  to  be  appeased. 
Propitiation.     Act  of  appeasing  and  rendering  favorable 


Z\Z™«}^M<  Punishment. 

Blood  for  blood.    Revenge. 

Day  of  reckoning.     Time  for  judgment. 

Implacability.    Quality  of  being  unappeasable 

Maievolence.     See  Charitableness-Malevolencb. 

Rancor.     Bitter,  deep-rooted  enmity 

Retaliation.     Giving  back  like  for  fike. 

Revenge.     Punishment  inflicted  in  a  malignant  spirit. 

Ruthlessness.    Want  of  compassion 

Sweet  revenge.     Revenge  regarded  as  satisfying  an  angry  passior 

Vendetta  [It]      A  blood -feud. 

Vengeance.     Passionate  and  unsparing  revenge. 

Vindictiveness.     Quality  of  having  a  revengeful  spirit. 

Vindictiveness — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Avenger.     One  who  exacts  satisfaction  for 

Eumenides.     The  Furies,  the  avengers  of  wrong  in  classic  mythology. 
Nemesis.     A  divinity  of  chastisement  and  vengeance  in  Greek  myth- 
ology 
Vindicator,     One  who  inflicts  punishment  for  wrong  done. 


Avenge, 
Bear  malice. 


Vindictiveness — Verbs. 
To  revenge  passionately  and  without  mercy. 


To  have  malicious  feelings 


Breathing  revenge,      j  T    ^  fa    q{  re 
Breathing  vengeance.  J 


PARDON. 


756 


PAREGORIC. 


PARDON— VINDICTIVENESS— C<m/iHw*d. 


Quittance.     Release  from  debt  or  obligation. 
Reconciliation.     Making  those  friends  again  who  are  enemies. 
Release.     Discharge  from  responsibility  or  claim. 
Remission.     Act  of  not  exacting  the  penalty ;  forgiveness. 
Reprieve.     Temporary  withdrawal  of  sentence. 

Pardon — Verbs. 

Absolve       To  set  free  or  release,  as  from  sins. 

Acquit.     To  declare  innocent. 

Allow  for.     To  excuse  on  account  of. 

Ask  pardon.     To  beseech. 

Bear  with.     To  endure  patiently. 

Beg  pardon.     To  ask  forgiveness. 

Conciliate.     To  gain  the  good  will  of. 

Condone.    To  overlook. 

Excuse.    To  overlook  small  faults. 

Forget  an  injury.    To  forgive. 

Forgive.    To  forego  punishment  and  hold  no  resentment. 

Forgive  and  forget.    To  pardon  absolutely. 

Give  absolution.    To  forgive  the  sins  or  offenses  of 

Implore  pardon.     To  ask  forgiveness. 

Let  bygones  be  bygones.    To  forgive. 

Let  off.    To  pardon. 

Let  one  down  easily.    To  inflict  light  punishment. 

Let  the  wound  heal.    To  forgive. 

Make  allowances  for.    To  excuse  on  account  of. 

Make  up  a  quarrel.    To  be  friends  again 

Not  be  too  hard  upon.    To  inflict  light  punishment. 

Overlook.    To  purposely  disregard. 

Pardon.    To  remove  penalty  from  one  found  guilty. 

Passover.    To  cease  to  cherish  displeasure. 

Placate.    To  appease  the  wrath  of. 

Pocket  the  affront.    Not  to  resent  it. 

Propitiate.    To  appease  and  render  favorable. 

Remit.    To  refrain  from  exacting  or  enforcing. 

Reprieve.    To  withdraw  sentence  temporarily. 

Shake  hands.    To  be  friends  again. 

Think  no  more  of.    To  forgive  and  forget. 

Wink  at.    To  overlook. 

Pardon — Adjectives. 

Conciliated.    Freed  from  resentment.    See  Verbs. 

Conciliatory.    Tending  to  make  peace;  pacific. 

Forgiving.    Prone  to  forgive. 

Placable.    Capable  of  being  appeased. 

Unavenged.  "} 

Unresented.  >  Permitted  to  pass  by  without  seeking  satisfaction  for. 

Unrevenged.J 


►  To  have  a  grievance  against  some  one. 


VINDICTIVENESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Harbor  revenge.  \  „    . 

Harbor  vindictive  feeling  J  To  have  a  "vengeful  spirit. 

Have  accounts  to  settle.    \ 

Have  a  crow  to  pluck. 

Have  a  rod  in  pickle. 

Have  one's  revenge.     To  take  revenge. 

Keep  the  wound  green.     To  be  unforgiving. 

Rankle.     To  produce  irritation. 

Rankle  in  the  breast.     To  have  a  bitter  feeling  against  one 

Revenge.     To  inflict  punishment  in  a  malignant  spirit. 

Take  revenge.  1  ™    .  a.  .  .   . 

Wreak  one's  anger.  ^To  infllSt  injurv  or  Pam  maliciously  in  re 

Wreak  one's  vengeance.  J      tura  for  injur>'  done" 

Vindictiveness — Adjectives, 
Sternum  servans  sub  pectore  vulnus    [L.].     A  wound  ever  rankling 

in  the  breast. 
Avenging.     Disposed  to  avenge. 
Immitigable.     Not  to  be  mitigated. 
Implacable.     Not  to  be  appeased. 
Inexorable.     Not  to  be  moved  by  entreaty. 

Manet  alta  mente  repostum  [L.].    It  remains  deeply  fixed  in  the  mind. 
Manet  cicatrix  [L.].     The  scar  remains. 
Pitiless.     Hard-hearted ;  cruel. 
Rancorous.     Bitter  vindictive  enmity 
Rankling.     Irritating. 
Remorseless.     Without  mercy. 
Revengeful.     Vindictive  in  mind. 
Rigorous.     Severe  and  exacting. 
Ruthless.     Cruel. 

Stony-hearted.  PitiUss  or  implacable. 
Unforgiving.  Not  disposed  to  forgive 
Unrelenting.     Inexorable. 


|  Disposed 


Vindictive,  i 


to  take  revenge. 
Vindictiveness — Phrase. 
Dies  irce,  dies  ilia  [L.].     Judgment  day. 


Continued. 
■Phrases. 

To  understand  all  is  to 


PARDON 

Pardon 

Comprendre  c'est  tout  pardonner,  tout  [F.], 
pardon  all. 

Cry  you  mercy. 

Ignoscito  sspe  alteri,  nunquam  tibi  [L.].     Pardon  another  often,  thy- 
self never. 

Veniam  petimus  damusque  vidssim  [L.].      Pardon  we  seek  and  give 
in  turn.     [Horace,  To  Pisa,  XI J 


PARDON— JEALOUSY. 


Jealousy. 
Green-eyed  monster.     A  figurative  expression  for  jealousy. 
Jaundiced  eye.      Disposition  to  be  jealous. 

"i     .  "  r  Earnest  and  anxious  suspicion. 

Juno.     The  consort  of  Jupiter:  very  jealous  goddess. 
Yellows.     Jealousy;  a  jealous  frame  of  mind.   . 


Be  jealous. 

affection. 


Jealousy — Verbs. 
Disposed  to  suspect  rivalry  in  matters  of  interest  and 


View  with  a  jealous  eye.T.  ™   ,  ,    ..        . .    .  , 

View  with  jealousy.         I  To  have  a  {eelm*  of  J«J°W  f°r- 

Jealousy — Adjectives. 

Horn-mad.     Mad  from  being  made  a  cuckold. 
Jaundiced.     Affected  with  jealousy. 
Jealous.     Filled  with  jealousy. 
Jealous  as  a  Barbary  pigeon.     Very  jealous. 
Yellow-eyed.     Disposed  to  be  jealous. 


PARDON— ENVY. 


Envy. 

Enviousness.     See  Adjectives. 

Envy.      Ill  will  toward  another  on  account  of  his  superior  excellence, 

possessions,  etc. 
Jalousie  de  metier  [F.].     Professional  jealousy. 
Rivalry.     Striving  to  obtain  the  same  object  another  is  pursuing. 

Envy — Verbs. 
Burst  with  envy.     To  be  passionate  with  envy. 
Covet.     To  desire  eagerly ;  desire  unlawfully. 


Envy.     To  have  ill  will  toward  another  on  account  of  his  superior  e» 
cellence. 

Envy — A  djectives. 

Alieni  appetens  fL.].     Coveting  others' goods. 
Covetous.     Eagerly  desirous;  unlawfully  desirous. 
Envious.     Displaying  envy. 
Invidious.     Provoking  envy  or  ill  will. 

Envy — Phrase. 
Cceca  invidia  est  [L.J      Envy  is  blind. 


par'-don-a-ble .    Excusable.    Justification-Charge. 
pare.     To  cut  off;  to  remove  the  outside  of  anything. 
Addition-Subtraction,  Dress-Undress,  Enlarge- 


ment-Diminution,    Lamina -Fiber;     pare    down, 
Length-Shortness. 
par"-e-gor'-ic.    A  medicine.     Remedy-Bane. 


PARENCHYMA. 


757 


PARITOR. 


par-en'-chy-ma.       The  soft  cellular  substance  of  the      par'-ent-age. 
glands.     Materiality-Spirituality,  Texture.  tionship. 

par'-ent.     A  father  or  mother.     Parentage-Progeny. 

PARENTAGE— PROGENY. 


Birth.      Parentage-Progeny,     Rela- 


Abba.     Father. 

Ancestor.     One  from  whom  a  person  is  descended. 

Ancestry.     A  scries  of  ancestors. 

Birth.     Lineage;  descent. 

Clan.     A  collection  of  families  regarded  as  having  the  same  common 

ancestor. 
Consanguinity.     Relation  by  blood. 
Dad.     Father. 
Dam.     A  female  parent. 
Descent.     Procedure  by  generation. 
Extraction.      Derivation  from  a  stock  or  family. 
Family.     Those  who  descend  from  one  common  progenitor. 
Father.     A  male  parent. 

Forefather.     One  who  precedes  another  in  the  line  of  genealogy. 
Genealogy.     Regular  descent  of  a  person  or  family  from  a  progenitor. 
Genitor.     One  who  begets. 
Godfather.     A  man  who  becomes  sponsor  for  a  child  at  baptism  and 

makes  himself  a  surety  for  its  Christian  training  and  instruction. 
Godmother.     A  woman  who  becomes  sponsor  for  a  child  at  baptism. 
Grandsire.     A  grandfather;  any  ancestor. 
House.     A  familv  of  ancestors,  descendants,  and  kindred. 
Line.     A  series  or  succession  of  ancestors. 
Lineage.     Descent  in  a  line  from  a  common  progenitor. 
Ma.     Mother. 
Mama.     Mother. 

Materfamilias  [L.].     Mother  of  a  family. 
Maternity .     The  state  of  being  a  mother. 
Mother.     A  female  parent. 
Motherhood.     State  of  being  a  mother. 
Papa.     Father. 

Parent.     One  who  brings  forth  offspring. 
Parentage.     Relation  of  father  and  child. 
Paterfamilias  [L.].     Father  of  the  family. 
Paternity.     State  of  being  a  parent. 
Patriarch.     One  who  governs  his  family  and  descendants  by  paternal 

right. 
Pedigree.     A  line  of  ancestors. 
Procreator.     One  who  begets. 
Progenitor.     An  ancestor  in  the  direct  line. 
Race.     The  descendants  of  a  common  ancestor. 
Sept.     A  clan. 
Sire.     A  male  parent. 

Stem.     A  race  or  generation  of  progenitors. 
Stirps.     Stock,  race 
Stock.     The  race  or  line  of  a  family. 
Tree.     Representation  of  ancestry  in  the  form  of  a  tree. 
Tribe.     A  series  of  generations  descending  from  the  same  progenitor. 
Trunk.     Figuratively,  the  direct  line  of  ancestry. 

Parentage — Adjectives. 

Ancestral.     Pertaining  to  an  ancestor. 
Family.     Of  or  belonging  to  a  family. 
Linear.     Descendant  in  a  direct  line. 
Maternal.     Pertaining  to  the  mother. 
Parental.     Characteristic  of  a  father  or  parents. 
Paternal.     Pertaining  to  a  father. 
Patriarchal.     Pertaining  to  the  head  of  a  family. 

pa-ren'-tal.  Pertaining  to  a  parent.  Parentage- 
Progeny. 

pa-ren'-the-sis.  Something  inserted  for  explanation. 
Attraction  -  Repulsion,  Continuity  -  Interrup- 
tion, Interspace-Contact,  Reversal;  by  way  of 
parenthesis,  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

par"-en-thet'-ic-al.  Expressed  in  a  parenthesis.  Con- 
nection-Independence, Environment-Interposi- 
tion. 

par"-en-thet'-ic-al-ly.  Thrown  in.  Connection-Inde- 
pendence, Environment-Interposition,  Oppor- 
tuneness-Unsuitableness. 

pari  pass h  [L.]  (pe'-rai  pas'-su).  Together.  Coexist- 
ence, Equality-Inequality. 

Pa'-ri-ah.  One  of  the  primitive  people  of  southern 
India;  an  outcast.  Gentility-Commonalty,  Socia- 
bility-Privacy. 


Bantling.     A  young,  small  child. 

Breed.     Descendants  of  one  strain;  a  race. 

Brood.     All  the  young  chickens  hatched  at  one  time. 

Child.     One  of  a  progeny 

Daughter.     A  female  descendant. 

Descendant.     One  who  descends  lineally. 

Family.     A  group  of  persons  united  by  ties  of  blood. 

Farrow.     A  litter  of  pigs. 

Filiation.     The  relationship  between  parent  and  child 

Fils  [F.].     Son. 

Godchild.     Child  for  whom  one  has  become  sponsor  at  its  baptism. 

Grandchildren.     The  children  of  children. 

Heir  apparent.     One  whose  right  to  an  estate  is  indefeasible  if  he 

survives  the  ancestor. 
Heiress.  A  female  heir. 
Heir  presumptive.     One  who,  if  the  ancestor  should  die  immediately, 

would  be  his  heir,  but  whose  right  to  the  inheritance  may  be 

defeated  by  the  birth  of  a  nearer  relative. 
Heirs.     Persons  who  succeed  to  a  deceased  person's  property. 
Issue.     That  which  is  produced  or  given  out. 
Line.     A  series  of  persons  in  direct  descent. 
Lineage.     A  line  of  descendants. 
Litter.     A  number  of  young  brought  forth  at  once 
Offset.     A  branch  of  a  family 
Offshoot.     An  issue  of  a  family. 
Offspring.     That  which  is  produced. 
Posterity.     The  descendants  of  a  progenitor.        • 
Primogeniture.     Being  the  first  born  of  parents. 
Progeny.     The  offspring,  the  descendants  of  human  beings. 
Ramification.     A  small  branch  or  offshoot. 
Rising  generation.     A  young  generation. 
Scion.     A  descendant. 

Seed.     That  which  is  produced ;  an  offspring. 
Son.     A  male  child. 
Sonshlp.     State  of  being  a  son. 
Spat.     A  spawn  of  shell-fish. 

Spawn.     The  offspring  of  fishes ;  derisi  vel  y  the  offspring  of  any  animal 
Straight  descent.     Descendants  direct  from  an  ancestor. 

Progeny — Figurative  Nouns. 

Branch.     A  division  of  a  race  or  family. 

Chip  of  the  old  block.     A  child  who  resembles  either  of  his  parents. 

Olive  branch.     Figuratively,  a  child 

Shoot.     An  offspring  from  a  family  tree. 

Sorcmt  1  A  descendant- 

Progeny — A  djective. 
Filial.      Of  or  pertaining  to  a  son  or  daughter. 


PARENTAGE— Continued. 

Parentag  e —  Phrases. 

Avi  numerantur  avorum  [L.].     Ancestors  of  ancestors  are  counted  to 

me. 
Hombre  bueno  no  le  busquen   abolengo   [Sp.L      No  one   explores   a 
good  man's  pedigree 

pa'-ri-an.     White  statuary-marble.     Sculpture. 

pa-ri'-e-tal.  Pertaining  to  a  wall.  Anatomy,  Later- 
a-lity-Contraposition. 

pa-ri'-e-tes.  The  walls  of  any  cavity  in  the  body. 
Cover-Lining,  Laterality-Contraposition. 

par'-ing.    Cutting  off.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

par'-ing-knife".  A  knife  for  paring  fruit.  Sharpness- 
Bluntness. 

par'-ish.  District  under  one  pastor.  Dweller-Habi- 
tation, Extension-District;  bring  to  the  parish, 
Affluence-Penury;  come  upon  the  parish,  Afflu- 
ence-Penury. 

pa-rish'-ion-er.  One  connected  with  a  parish.  Min- 
istry-Laity. 

parisienne,  a  la  [F.]  (p'i-ri"-zi-en',  a  la).  In  the  Parisian 
style.     Society-Ludicrousness. 

par'-i-tor.     An  apparitor.     Judicature. 


PARITY. 


758 


PARTICIPATION. 


par'-i-ty.     Equality.     Equality-Inequality. 

park.  A  pleasure-ground;  a  train  of  cannon.  City- 
Country,  Domestication-Agriculture,  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Fauna- 
Flora,  Gulf-Plain,  Weapon;  park  paling,  En- 
closure. 

par'-lance.  Talk.  Speech-Inarticulateness  Uncom- 
mon parlance,  Simplicity-Floridness. 

parkmcntaire  [F.]  (par-le-man--ter').  Parliamentary. 
Fighting-Conciliation,  Messenger. 

parler  a  tort  et  a  travers  [¥.]  (par-le'  a  tor  e  a  tra-ver'). 
To  speak  gibberish.  Adage-Nonsense,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct. 

parler,  fagon  dc  [F.]  (par-le',  fa-son''  de).  Manner  of 
speaking.     Trope. 

par'-ley.  Conference.  Conversation-Monologue, 
Mediation. 

par'-lia-ment.  The  legislature  of  Great  Britain. 
Council. 

par-lia-men'-ta-ry.  Pertaining  to  parliament.  Parlia- 
mentary securities,  Treasury. 

par'-lor.     A  reception-room.     Contents-Receiver. 

par'-lor-maid .     A  servant.     Chief-Underling. 

far'-lous.     Perilous.     Security-Insecurity. 
ar-nas'-sus.      A  mountain    in    Greece  sacred  to  the 
Muses.      Poetry-Prose. 

pa-ro'-chi-al.  Belonging  to  a  parish.  Extension- 
District. 

par'-o-dy.  A  travesty.  Copy-Model,  Imitation- 
Originality!  Interpretation-Misinterpretation, 
Society-Derision. 

pa-role'.  Word  of  honor.  Engagement-Release,  Se- 
curity, Speech-Inarticulateness;  on  parole,  En- 
gagement-Release, Guard-Prisoner,  Release- 
Restraint. 

parole  d'konncur  [F.]  (pa-rol'  do-nur') .  Word  of  honor. 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

Pa-rol'-les.  A  character  in  Shakespeare's  All's  Well 
that  Ends  Well.      Brawler. 

par"-c-no-ma'-si-a.  A  play  upon  words.  Rhetoric, 
Simplicity-Floridness,  Word-Neology. 

par'-ox-ysm.  A  convulsion.  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility,   Favorite-Anger,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

par'-quet-ry.     Wooden  mosaic.     Variegation. 

Parr,  Old.  Thomas  Parr,  a  reputed  centenarian.  In- 
fant-Veteran. 

par'-ri-cide.  One  who  murders  father  or  mother.  Life- 
Killing. 

par'-rot.  A  tropical  bird;  imitate.  Imitation-Origi- 
nality, Talkativeness-Taciturnity;  repeat  as  a 
parrot,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

Par'-rott.  An  American  inventor.  Parrott  gun,WEAPON. 

par'-ry.  Avoid.  Attack-Defense,  Proof-Disproof, 
Quest-Evasion. 

pars  magna  }:ti,  quorum  [L.]  (pars  mag'-na  fiu'-ai,  quo'- 
rvm).    Of  which  things  I  was  a  great  part.     Agent. 

parse.  To  analyze  grammatically.  Grammar-Sole- 
cism, Investigation-Answer. 

Par'-see.     A  Zoroastrian.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

par"-si-mo'-ni-ous.  Penurious.  Extravagance-Ava- 
rice, Generosity-Frugality. 

par"-si-mo'-ni-ous-ness.  Penuriousness.  Extrava- 
gance-Avarice. 

par'-si-mo-ny.  Excessive  economy.  Extravagance- 
Avarice,  Generosity-Frugality. 

par'-son.     Clergyman.     Ministry-Laity. 

par'-son-age.     House  belonging  to  a  parish.     Fane. 

part.  To  divide;  a  role;  a  duty.  Acting,  Concentra- 
tion-Radiation, Duty-Immunity,  Melody-Disso- 
nance,    MISSIVB-PUBLICATION,     OCCUPATION,     PlU- 

rality-Fraction,  Union-Disunion,  Whole-Part; 
act  a  part,  Action-Passiveness,  Society-Affecta- 
tion, Usefulness-Uselessness;  bear  part  in,  An- 
tagonism-Concurrence; component  part,  Constitu- 


ent-Alien, Whole-Part;  for  my  part,  Universal- 
ity-Particularity; fractional  part,  Plurality- 
Fraction;  in  part,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Whole- 
Part;  on  the  part  of,  Connection-Independence, 
Obstruction-Help;  part  and  parcel,  Constituent- 
Alien;  part  by  part,  Whole-Part;  part  company, 
Quest-Evasion,  Union-Disunion,  Variance-Ac- 
cord; part  of  speech.  Grammar-Solecism,  Word- 
Neology;  part  song,  Music;  part  with,  Giving-Re- 
ceiving,  Keeping-Relinquishmext;  play  a  part  in, 
Dominance-Impotence;  principal  part,  Conse- 
quence -  Insignificance,  Magnitude  -  Smallness  ; 
take  an  active  part,  Activity-Indolence;  take  a 
part  in,  Action-Passiveness;  take  no  part  in,  Quest- 
Evasion;  take  part  with,  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence; take  the  part  of,  Antagonism-Concurrence. 

parta  male  dilabuntur,  male  [L.]  (par'-ta  me'-li  dil-a- 
bun'-tur,  me'-li) .  Gains  ill-gotten  are  ill  made  away 
with.     Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

par-take'.  To  have  a  part.  Participation;  partake  of 
the  sacrament,  Ceremonial. 

par-ta'-king.     Participating.     Participation. 

parte,  ex  [L.]  (par'-ti,  ex).  Of  one  side  only.  Deci- 
sion-Mi sjudgment. 

par"-terre'.  A  flower-garden  with  beds  arranged  in  a 
pattern.  Domestication- Agriculture,  Erect- 
ness-Flatness. 

■Parlhis  mcndacior  [L.]  (par'-thismen-dc'-shi-or).  More 
deceptive  than  the  Parthians.  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

parti  pris  [F.]  (par-ti'  pri).  Prejudgment.  Predeter- 
mination-Impulse. 

par'-tial.  Biased;  not  general.  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment,  Equality-Inequality,  Right-Wrong,  Uni- 
versality-Particularity; partial  shadow,  Dimness. 

par"-ti-al'-i-ty.     Quality  of  being  partial.     Decision- 

MlSJUDGMENT,      DESIRE  -  DlSTASTE,      EQUALITY -IN- 
EQUALITY, Love-Hate,  Right-Wrong,  Supremacy- 

SUBORDINACY. 

par'-tial-ly.  In  part;  with  undue  bias.  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Whole-Part. 

particeps  criminis  [L.]  (par'-ti-seps  crim'-i-nis) .  A 
sharer  in  a  crime.     Agent,  Antagonist-Assistant. 

par-tic'-i-pate.  To  partake.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Participation;  participate  in,  Action-Pas- 
siveness. 

par-tic"-i-pa'-tion.  A  sharing  with  others.  Antago- 
nism-Concurrence, Participation. 

PARTICIPATION. 

Coheirship.     State  of  being  one  of  many  entitled  to  an  inheritance. 

Common  stock.     Anything  held  in  common. 

Communion.     Act  of  sharing. 

Communism.     Common  possession  of  property. 

Community  of  goods.     Equal  participation  or  share  in  all  property. 

Community  of  possession.     Holding  in  common. 

Cooperation.     Participation  in  the  same  work. 

Coparcenary.     Equal  sharing  of  an  estate. 

Coparceny.     A  share  of  an  inheritance. 

Copartnership.     A  sharing  in  business. 

Coportion.     A  portion  in  common  with  others 

Cotenancy.     Joint  tenancy. 

Gavelkind.  A  tenure  by  which  land  descended  from  a  father  to  all 
his  sons  in  equal  portions. 

Hotchpot.     A  blending  of  property  for  equality  of  division. 

Joint  stock.     Shares  held  in  common  with  others. 

Joint  tenancy.  Tenure  in  land  by  unity  of  possession,  time,  interest, 
and  title,  so  that  it  goes  to  the  survivor. 

Participation.     A  sharing  in  common  with  others. 

Partnership.     State  of  a  partner;  joint  possession. 

Picnic.  A  pleasure  party  in  which  each  person  contributes  some 
thing  to  a  common  table. 

Possession  in  common.     Community  of  goods. 

Snacks.     A  share. 

Socialism.  A  system  of  social  reform  vhich  contemplates  an  equi- 
table distribution  of  property  and  labor. 

Tenancy  in  common.     A  tenant's  interest  in  common  with  others. 


PARTICIPATION. 


759 


PARVUM. 


'  To  share  with  another. 


Participation — Nouns  oj  Agency. 

Coheir.     An  heir  with  others. 

Communist.     One  who  practises  and    teaches  the  doctrine  of  the 
community  of  goods. 

Coparcener.     One  who  has  an  equal  share  in  an  estate  of  inheritance. 

Copartner.     One  in  common  with  another  or  others  in  any  enter- 
prise 

Cotenant.     A  tenant  in  common  with  others. 

Joint  tenant.     One  who  holds  an  estate  in  joint  tenancy,  with  right 
of  survivorship. 

Participator.     One  who  has  a  share  in. 

Partner.     One  who  take    a  share  in  an  enterprise  of  any  kind. 

Shareholder.     One  who  has  a  share  or  shares  in  a  company. 

Sharer.     Oae  who  participates. 

Socialist.     One  who  advocates  socialism 

Tenants  in  common.     Those  holding  real  or  personal  property  in 
common. 

Participation — Verbs. 

Be  seized  as  a  joint  tenant.     To  have  possession  as  a  joint  tenant. 

Be  seized  in  common.     To  hold  in  common. 

Come  in  for  a  share.     To  jo:n  in  a  division. 

Go  halves  ") 

Go  shares.  >  To  hold  with  others. 

Go  snacks.  J 

Have  a  hand  in.     To  own  partly.     See  Antagonism -Concurrence. 

Have  as  joint  tenant.     To  hold  in  common  with  others,  with  survi- 
vorship 

Have  in  common.  \ 

Join  in. 

Partake.      To  receive  a  share  of. 

Participate.     To  have  a  share  in. 

Possess  as  joint  tenants.     To  be  a  part  holder.     See  Nouns* 

Possess  in  common.     To  hold  in  common  with  others. 

Share.     To  hold  partly. 

Share  and  share  alike.     To  divide  equally  throughout. 

Share  in.     To  secure  part  of  a  distribution. 

Participation — Adjectives. 
Communistic.     Pertaining  to  communism. 
Partaking.     See  Verbs. 

Participation — Adverb. 
Share  and  share  alike.     Equally  divided. 

par-tic'-i-pa"-tor.     One  who  shares.     Action-Passive- 

ness,  Participation. 
par'-ti-cle .    An  atom ;  one  of  the  minor  uninfiected  parts 

of    speech.       Friability,     Magnitude-Smallness, 

Particle. 

PARTICLE. 
Particle.     One  of  the  minor  uninfiected  parts  of  speech. 

Particle — Kinds. 
Adverb.      Word  used  to  modify  a  verb,  adjective,  or  other  adverb. 
Some  are  compared  (see  Adjectives') ,  and  these  are  not  truly  par- 
ticles     They  denote  time,  place,  number,  degree,  manner,  etc 
Conjunction.     Word   used  to  connect  sentences,  clauses,   and  like 
parts  of  sentences. 

Absolute    adversative.       A  conjunction    used  where  there  is  a 
simple  opposition  of  the  same  attribute  to  different  subiects, 
or  of    different  attributes  in  the  same  subjects,  or  of  dif- 
ferent attributes  in  different  subjects. 
Adequate   adversative.      A  conjunction  used  of  events  and  their 
causes  or  consequences,  and  indicating  a  sufficient  condition 
for  the  conclusion. 
Adversative.      A  conjunction  indicating  a  contrast. 
Causal.      A  conjunction  indicating  a  cause  or  reason,  or  effect  or 

inference. 
Collective.     A  conjunction  subjoining  effects  to  causes. 
Co  nparative     adversative.       A    conjunction     that     marks    the 
equality  or  excess  of  the  same  attribute  in  different  subjects. 
Connective.     A  conjunction  that  connects  the  meaning  of  sen- 
tences. 
Contin native.       A  conjunction  that  consolidates  sentences  into 

one  continuous  whole. 
Cop'ditive.     A  conjunction  which  only  couples  sentences. 
Disjunctive.       A  conjunction  which  does  not  connect  the  mean- 
ing of  sentences 
Inadequate    adversative       A  conjunction   indicating  an  insuffi- 
cient condition  for  the  conclusion. 
Positive       A  conjunction  used  to  imply  necessary  connection 
and  existence. 


Simple  disjunctive.      A  conjunction  that  disjoins  and  oppose* 

indefinitely 
Suppositive.      A  conjunction  used  to  imply  necessary  connec- 
tion, but  not  to  assert  existence. 
Inseparable  prefix.     Prefix  never  used  as  a  separate  word. 
Interjection.     A  word  used  to  express  emotion. 

Preposition.  A  word  used  to  connect  words,  and  indicate  their 
relations. 

par-tic'-u-lar.  Specific;  a  detail.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Desire-Distaste,  Heed-Disregard,  Oc- 
currence-Destiny, Persistence-Whim,  Taste- 
Vulgarity,  Truth-Error,  Universality-Particu- 
larity, Whole-Part;  in  particular,  Universality- 
Particularity;  particular  account,  Account;  par- 
ticular estate,  Property. 

par-tic"-u-lar'-i-ty.  A  nicety  in  taste.  Heed-Disre- 
gard, Universality-Particularity. 

par-tic'-u-lar-ize.  To  mention  in  particular.  Account, 
Universality-Particularity. 

par-tic'-u-lar-ly.  Especially.  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

par-tic'-u-lars.  Important  facts.  Account,  Univer- 
sality-Particularity. 

parlie  carree  [F.]  (par-ti'  ca-re') .  Party  made  up  of  two 
men  and  two  women.    Sociability-Privacy. 

part'-ing.   A  separation.    Union-Disunion. 

par-ti'-tion.  A  dividing.  Assignment,  Environment- 
Interposition,  Whole-Part. 

par'-ti-zan.  A  follower.  Antagonist-Assistant, 
Friend-Foe,  Patriotism-Treason,  Weapon. 

par'-ti-zan-ship.  Adherence  to  a  party.  Antagonism- 
Concurrence,  Decision-Mis  judgment. 

part'-let.     A  hen.     Fauna-Flora. 

part'-ly.     In  some  degree.     Whole-Part. 

part'-ner.  Associate  in  business;  companion.  An- 
tagonist-Assistant, Friend -Foe,  Matrimony- 
Celibacy,  Participation,  Solitude -Company; 
sleeping  partner,  Activity-Indolence. 

part'-ner-ship .  Union  in  business.  Association,  Co- 
operation-Opposition, Solitude -Company;  join 
partnership  with,  Antagonism-Concurrence. 

parts.  Wisdom;  skill;  faculties.  Mind-Imbecility, 
Sagacity-Incapacity,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

par-tu'-ri-ent.  Bringing  forth  young.  Creation-De- 
struction, Fertility-Sterility. 

par"-tu-ri'-tion.  The  act  of  bringing  forth  young. 
Creation-Destruction. 

parluriunt  monies  [L.]  (par-tiu'-ri-unt  mon'-tiz).  The 
mountains  are  in  labor.  Expectation-Disappoint- 
ment, Overvaluation-Undervaluation,  Success- 
Failure. 

par'-ty.  Body  of  persons;  faction;  one  of  two  litigants 
Association,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Gather- 
ing-Scattering, Humanity,  Sociability-Privacy, 
Universality-Particularity;  party  spirit,  Antag- 
onism -  Concurrence,  Decision  -  Misjudgment, 
Right-Wrong;  party  to,  Action-Passiveness, 
Agent,  Antagonism-Concurrence;  party  to  a  suit, 
.Litigation;  party  wall,  Environment-Interposi- 
tion. 

par'-ty-col"-ored.  Having  various  colors.  Variega- 
tion. 

pa-rure'.  Decoration.  Embellishment- Disfigure- 
ment. 

parva  componere  magnis  [L.]  (par'-va  com-pon'-er-l 
mag'-nis).  To  compare  small  things  with  great.  Com- 
parison. 

par'-ve-nu".  An  upstart.  Gentility-Commonalty, 
Novelty-Antiquity,  Taste-Vulgarity,  Welfare- 
Misfortune. 

par-vi-tude.    Smallness.    Greatness-Littleness. 

par'-vi-ty.    Smallness.    Greatness-Littleness. 

parvum  parvo  magnus  acervus  erit,  adde  [L.]  (par'-vum 
par'-vo  mag'-nus  o.-ser'-vus  i^-rit,  ad'-di).     Add  little 


PARVUM. 


760 


PAST. 


to  little,  a  great  heap  will  be.  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion, Generosity-Frugality,  Store. 

pas.  Precedence.  Leading-Following,  Precedence- 
Succession,  Reputation-Discredit,  Station. 

pas,  le  [F.]  (pa,  lc).  The  precedence.  Leading-Fol- 
lowing. 

pas  le  sou,  qui  n'a  [F.]  (pa  le  su,  ki  na).  He  who  is  not 
worth  a  cent.     Affluence-Penury. 

pas  si  bete  [F.]  (pa  si  bet;)-  Not  such  a  fool.  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 

pas'-chal.  Pertaining  to  the  Passover.  Ceremonial, 
Periodicity-Irregularity. 

pa-sha'.  An  Ottoman  ruler.  Chief-Underling,  Tyr- 
anny-Anarchy. 

pa-shaw'.     A  Turkish  governor.   Chief-Underling.' 

pa-sha w'-lick.  The  province  of  a  pashaw.  Rule-Li- 
cense. 

pasigraphie  [F.]  (pa-si-gra-fi') .  A  universal  writing. 
Language. 

pa-sig'-ra-phy.  An  international  system  of  written 
signs.     Writing-Printing. 

pas-quin-ade'.  Lampoon.  Adulation -Disparage- 
ment. 

pass.  Go  beyond;  endure;  adopt;  overlook.  Appear- 
ance-Disappearance, Attack-Defense,  Breadth- 
Narrowness,  Condition-Situation,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Future -Past,  Interspace -Contact, 
Leave-Prohibition,  Movement-Rest,  Multiplic- 
ity-Paucity, Occurrence-Destiny,  Passage,  Pe- 
riod-Progress, SUPREMACY-SUBORDINACY,  TRANS- 
FER, Transmission,  Way;  barely  pass,  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness;  barely  pass  muster,  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness;  let  it  pass,  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness; make  a  pass  at,  Attack-Defense;  pass  a 
law,  Law  -  Lawlessness;  pass  an  examination, 
Goodness-Badness,  Reputation-Discredit;  pass 
and  repass,  Transmission;  pass  an  opinion,  Decis- 
ion -Misjudgment;  pass  as,  Alienation,  Giving- 
Receiving;  pass  away,  Beginning-End,  Discon- 
tinuance-Continuance, Entity-Nonentity,  Fu- 
ture-Past, Lastingness-Transientness,  Life- 
Death;  pass  by,  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Fu- 
ture-Past, Heed-Disregard,  Period-Progress, 
Regard-Disrespect,  Regard-Scorn;  pass  compre- 
hension, Clearness-Obscurity;  pass  current,  Faith- 
Misgiving,  Publicity;  pass  in  review,  Heed-Disre- 
gard; pass  in  the  mind,  Conception-Theme,  Re- 
flection-Vacancy; pass  into,  Conversion-Rever- 
sion; pass  into  one's  hands,  Giving-Receiving;  pass 
judgment,  Decision-Misjudgment;  pass  muster,  Ap- 
proval -  Disapproval,  Conventionality  -  Uncon- 
ventionally, Enough,  Goodness-Badness;  pass 
off,  Entrance-Exit,  Future-Past,  Occurrence- 
Destiny;  pass  off  for,  Truthfulness-Falsehood; 
pass  on,  Advance-Retrogression;  pass  one's  time 
in,  Occupation;  pass  one's  word,  Engagement-Re- 
lease; pass  out  of,  Entrance-Exit;  pass  over, 
Carefulness-Carelessness,  Duty-Immunity,  Giv- 
ing-Receiving, Inclusion-Omission,  Pardon-Vin- 
dictiveness,  Transmission;  pass  over  to,  Antago- 
nism-Concurrence; pass  sentence  on,  Exculpation- 
Conviction;  pass  the  eyes  over,  Heed-Disregard; 
pass  the  fingers  over,  Touch;  pass  the  Rubicon,  Be- 
ginning-End, Choice- Neutrality;  pass  through, 
Occurrence-Destiny,  Transmission;  pass  through 
ons's  hands,  Occupation;  pass  time,  Duration- 
Neverness,  Entity-Nonentity;  pass  to,  Conver- 
sion-Reversion, Mutation-Permanence;  pass  to 
the  order  of  the  day,  Quest-Abandonment;  pretty 
pass,  Difficulty-Facility. 

pass'-a-ble.  Capable  of  being  passed.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Consequence-Insignificance,  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

pass'-a-bly.    Fairly  well.    Magnitude-Smallness. 


passade  [F.]  (pas-sad').  In  fencing,  a  motion  forward 
and  thrust.     Attack-Defense. 

pas'-sage.  Act  of  passing;  a  hall  or  way;  incident; 
portion  of  a  book.  Action-Passiveness,  Aperture- 
Closure,  Contents-Receiver,  Conversion-Re- 
version, Dweller-Habitation,  Melody-Disso- 
nance, Missive-Publication,  Occurrence-Des- 
tiny, Transfer, Transmission,  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion, Way,  Whole-Part;  cut  a  passage,  Aperture- 
Closure  ;  force  a  passage,  Passage  ;  passage  of  arms, 
Strife-Peace. 

passage  d'armes  [F.]  (pa-sazh'  darm).  Passage  of  arms. 
Strife-Peace. 

pas"-sa-mez'-zo.  Music  for  a  quick  dance  played  in 
common  time.     Music. 

passant,  en  [F.]  (pa-san'',  an').  In  passing.  Purpose- 
Luck,  Transfer,  Transmission. 

pass'-book".  A  book  in  which  merchants  enter  account 
of  things  sold  on  credit.     Accounts. 

passe'  [F.]  (pa-se').  Over;  gone.  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Infancy-Age,  Novelty-Antiquity. 

passe,  mot  de  [F.]  (pas,  mo  de).     A  password.     Sign. 

passed.     Already  gone.    Passed  away,    Future-Past. 

pas'-sen-ger.  A  traveler.  Wayfarer-Seafarer;  pas- 
senger train,  Conveyance-Vessel. 

passe-parole  [F.]  (pas"-pa-rol') .     Password.     Sign. 

passe-partout  [F.]  (pas"-par-tu') .  A  light  picture- 
frame;  amastcr-key.  Aperture-Closure,  Instru- 
mentality. 

pass'-er-by'.    One  who  passes.    Onlooker. 

passer  le  temps,  pour  [F.]  (pa-se'  le  tan",  pur).  To  pass 
away  the  time.    Action-Passiveness. 

passe-temps  [F.]  (pas"-tan-') .  Pastime.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 

pas'-sim.  Here  and  there.  Extension-Place,  Gather- 
ing-Scattering, Position. 

pass'-ing.  Going  by;  cursory.  Lastingness-Tran- 
sientness, Magnitude-Smallness,  Transmission; 
passing  bell,  Life-Funeral;  passing  strange,  Aston- 
ishment-Expectance; passing  word,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy. 

pas'-sion.  A  suffering;  anger;  great  desire.  Affec- 
tions, Desire-Distaste,  Emotion,  Excitability- 
Inexcitability,  Excitation,  Favorite -Anger, 
Love-Hate,  Pleasure-Pain,  Violence-Calmness; 
ruling  passion,  Bigotry-Apostasy. 

pas'-sion-ate.  Easily  moved  to  anger  or  strong  feeling. 
Emotion,  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Favorite- 
Quarrelsomeness,  Love-Hate. 

pas'-sion-less.  Without  passion.  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

Pas'-sion  week'.  The  week  beginning  with  the  fifth 
Sunday  in  Lent.    Ceremonial. 

pas'-sive.  Inert;  patient;  receiving  influences.  Ac- 
tion-Passiveness, Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Insubordination-Obedience,  Vigor-Inertia. 

pass'-ive-ness.  Inactivity.  Action-Passiveness,  Ex- 
citability-Inexcitability, Insubordination-Obe- 
dience. 

pass'-key".   A  night-key.    Instrumentality. 

Pass'-o"-ver.  The  feast  of  unleavened  bread.  Cere- 
monial. 

pass'-port.  An  official  warrant  of  protection.  Instru- 
mentality, Leave-Prohibition,  Order. 

pass'-word".  A  watchword.  Fighting-Conciliation, 
Investigation-Answer,  Sign. 

past.  Gone  by;  spent.  Future-Past;  danger  past, 
Security- Insecurity;  insensibility  to  the  past, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  obliteration  of  the 

fast,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  past  bearing, 
'leasurableness-Painfulness;  past  comprehen- 
sion, Clearness-Obscurity;  past  cure,  Better- 
ment- Deterioration,  Sanguineness  -Hopeless- 
ness; past   dispute,  Certainty -Doubt;  past  one's 


PAST. 


761 


PATRIOTISM— TREASON . 


prime,  Infancy-Age  ;  past  praying  for,  Virtue- Vice  ; 
past  recollection,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness; 
past  work,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness;  thing  of  the  past,  Novelty- An- 
tiquity. 

paste.  An  adhesive  mixture.  Cohesion-Looseness, 
Connective,  Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Pul- 
piness-Oiliness,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  scissors 
and  paste,  Choice-Neutrality. 

paste'-board".    A  paper  board.    Pulpiness-Oiliness. 

pas'-tel".  A  picture  drawn  with  colored  crayons. 
Painting. 

pasticcio  [It.]  (pas"-tit'-chi-o) .  A  work  made  of  frag- 
ments.   Mixture-Homogeneity. 

pas'-til.  A  compound  for  fumigating  hospitals.  Per- 
fume-Stench. 

pas'-titne".    Diversion.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

pas'-tor.  A  minister.  Ministry-Laity,  Instpuctor- 
Pupil. 

pas'-tor-al.  A  poem  of  shepherd  life ;  pertaining  to  the 
care  of  the  soul.  Ceremonial,  Church,  City-Coun- 
try, Domestication-Agriculture,  Music,  Poetry. 

pas"-to-ra'-le.  In  music,  a  composition  in  rural  style. 
Music. 

pa'-stry.  Pies,  tarts,  etc.  Nutriment-Excretion, 
Sweetness- Acidity. 

pas'-tur-age.  Grass  on  which  cattle  feed.  Fauna- 
Flora,  Gulf-Plain. 

pas'-ture.  Ground  for  grazing.  Fauna-Flora,  Coun- 
try, Nutriment-Excretion. 

pa'-sty.  Like  paste;  a  pie.  Nutriment-Excretion, 
Viscidity-Foam. 

pat.  Tap;  fitting.  Harmony-Discord,  Impetus-Re- 
action ;  pat  on  the  back,  Alleviation-Aggravation, 
Approval-Disapproval,  Blandishment,  Bravery- 
Cowardice,  Motive-Caprice;  pat  on  the  cheek, 
Blandishment;   pat  on  the  head,  Blandishment. 

Pat"-a-go'-ni-an.  An  inhabitant  of  Patagonia  who  is 
noted  for  his  tallness.      Height- Lowness. 

patch.  Mend;  a  blemish.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment, Extension  -  District,  Magnitude -Small- 
ness;  patch  up,  Composition,  Renovation-Re- 
lapse. 

patch'-work".  A  fabric  made  of  patches.  Continuity- 
Interruption,  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Variega- 
tion. 

pate.  The  top  of  the  head.  Mind-Imbecility,  Top- 
Bottom. 

pat"-e-fac'-tion.  The  act  of  opening.  Aperture- 
Closure. 

pa-tel'-la.  Kneecap;  a  cup-like  part.  Anatomy,  Con- 
tents-Receiver. 

pat'-ent.  Manifest;  to  secure  a  patent.  Aperture- 
Closure,  Leave- Prohibition,  Manifestation- 
Latency,  Property. 


pat'-e-ra.  A  shallow  vessel  used  by  the  Romans  in 
libation.  Architecture,  Ceremonial,  Contents- 
Receiver. 

pa"-ter-fa-mil'-i-as.  The  father  of  the  family.  Par- 
entage-Progeny. 

pa-ter'-nal.  Fatherly.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Parentage-Progeny;  paternal  domicile, 
Dweller-Habitation. 

pa-ter'-nal-ism.  The  practise  of  government  by  or 
after  the  manner  of  a  father.     Rule-License. 

pa-ter'-ni-ty.  The  condition  of  being  a  father.  Par- 
entage-Progeny. 

pa"-ter-nos'-ter.  The  beginning  of  the  Lord's  Prayer. 
Devotion-Idolatry. 

pater  patrice  [L.]  (pe'-ter  pe'-tri-i).  Father  of  his 
country.     Benefactor-Evildoer. 

path.  A  walk.  Aim-Aberration,  Aperture-Closure, 
Conduct,  Entrance-Exit,  Escape,  Passage,  Way; 
cross  the  path,  Obstruction-Help;  secret  path,  Ex- 
posure-Hidingplace. 

pa-thet'-ic.  Affecting  the  passions.  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness. 

path'-less.  Having  no  path.  Aperture-Closure, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Extension-District. 

pa-thog"-no-mon'-ic.  Pertaining  to  symptoms  that 
are  characteristic  of  a  disease.     Sign. 

pa-thol'-o-gy.  Science  of  diseases.  Health-Sick- 
ness. 

pa'-thos.     That  which  excites  feeling.    Emotion. 

path-o-scop'-ic.     Pertaining  to  disease.     Affections. 

path'-way".     Path.     Way. 

pa'-tience.  Perseverance.  Entertainment -Weari- 
ness, Excitability-Inexcitability,  Persistence- 
Whim. 

pa'-tient.     A  sick  person.     Health-Sickness. 

pa"-tois'.     An  illiterate  dialect.     Word-Neology. 

patria,  omne  solum  forti  [L.]  (pe'-tri-a,  om'-ni  so'-lum 
for'-tai) .  Every  soil  is  fatherland  to  the  brave  man. 
Bravery-Cowardice. 

patrice,  amor  [L.]  (pe'-tri-i,  fe'-mor).  Love  of  father- 
land.    Humanitarianism-Misanthropy. 

pa'-tri-arch.  An  aged  man;  chief.  Infant-Veteran, 
Ministry-Laity,  Parentage-Progeny. 

pa"-tri-ar'-chal.  Pertaining  to  a  patriarch.  Infancy- 
Age,  Novelty-Antiquity,  Parentage-Progeny. 

pa-tri'-cian.  One  of  the  upper  classes.  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

pat'-ri-mo-ny.  An  inheritance  from  an  ancestor. 
Property. 

pa'-tri-ot.  One  who  loves  his  country.  Humanitarian- 
ism-Misanthropy, Patriotism-Treason. 

pa"-tri-ot'-ic.  Full  of  patriotism.  Humanitarianism- 
Misanthropy,  Patriotism-Treason. 

pa'-tri-ot-ism.  Devotion  to  one's  country.  Humanita- 
rianism-Misanthropy, Patriotism-Treason. 


PATRIOTISM— TREASON. 


Amor  patrim  [L.].     Love  of  one's  fatherland. 

Chauvinism.      Excessive  patriotism. 

Chivalry.     Knightly  reverence  for  one's  country  and  women. 

Fidelity.      Faithfulness  in  executing  a  public  trust. 

Honor.     A  high  and  patriotic  system  of  conduct. 

Jingoism,      Fanatic  and  aggressive  patriotism. 

Loyalty.     Unswerving  devotion  to  one's  country. 

Patriotism.      Love  of  one's  country  and  the  desire  to  protect  it. 

Patriotism — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Adherer.     One  who  is  attached  or  devoted  to. 

Bigot.     One  obstinately  devoted  to  a  cause. 

Champion.      One  who  acts  or  speaks  in  behalf  of  a  person  or  cause. 

Defender.     One  who  supports  or  protects. 

Devotee.      One  who  is  wholly  devoted  to. 

Fanatic.      A  person  affected  by  excessive  enthusiasm  for  a  cause. 

Father  of  his  country.     A  title  applied  to  George  Washington. 


Betrayal.     Act  of  dealing  treacherously  toward  one's  own  country. 

Faithlessness.     State  of  lacking  loyalty. 

Misprision  of  treason.  The  concealing  of  a  knowledge  of  treason 
without  aiding  the  traitors. 

Mutiny.  Rebellion  against  legal  authority  as  represented  in  a  com- 
mander. 

Perjury.     The  act  of  swearing  to  a  lie. 

Sedition.     The  act  of  stirring  up  an  insurrection. 

Treason.     The  act  of  plotting  to  aid  the  enemies  ofi'one's country. 

Treason — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Apostate.     One  who  forsakes  the  principles  or  cause  to  which  he  be 

longs. 
Backslider.     One  who  deserts  a  cause  which  he  formerly  maintained 
Benedict  Arnold.     An  American  traitor  in  the  Revolutionary  War. 
Betrayer.     One  who  betrays  a  cause. 
Deserter.     One  who  forsakes  a  party  or  cause. 


PATRIOTISM. 


762 


PAVING. 


PATRIOTISM— TREASON— Continued. 


PATRIOTISM— Nouns  of  Agent— Continued. 

First  in  war,  first  in  peace,  and  first  in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen. 

Said  of  George  Washington. 
Partizan.     An  adherent  to  a  cause. 
Patriot.     A  lover  of  his  country. 

Patriotism— Associated  Nouns. 
America.     The  national  hymn  of  the  United  States. 
American  Eagle.     The  emblem  of  the  United  States  of  America. 
Badge  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.     The  badge  of  the  sur 

vivors  of  the  armies  of  the  United  States  engaged  in  the  Civil  War. 
Badge  of  the  Order  of  St.  Andrew.     The  badge  of  a  Scotch  patriotic 

society. 
Badge  of  the  Order  of  St.  Patrick.     The  badge  of  an  Irish  patriotic 

society. 
Badge  of  the  Order  of  the  Golden  Fleece.     The  badge  of  an  order  of 

European  knighthood. 
Badge  of  the  Order  of  the  Thistle.     The  emblem  of  a  Scotch  patriotic 

society. 
Battle  Hymn  of  the  Republic.     A  national  hymn  of  the  United  States. 
Black  Eagle.     A  Prussian  medal  given  for  valor  in  battle. 
British  Lion.     An  emblem  of  the  British  Empire. 
Brother  Jonathan.     A  sportive  name  for  the  people  of  the  United 

States   like  John  Bull  for  the  people  of  England.     It  has  been 

connected  with  Gov.  Jonathan  Trumbull  of  Connecticut,  a  scrip- 
tural Brother  Jonathan  of  General  Washington. 
Die  Wacht  ant  Rhein  [G.].     A  national  song  of  Germany. 
Dixie.     The  national  song  of  the  Southern  Confederacy. 
Fleur-de-lis  [F  ]      The  national  flower  of  royal  France. 
G.  A  R.     Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 
God  Save  the  King.     The  national  hymn  of  Great  Britain. 
Iron  Cross.     A  decoration  of  a  Prussian  order  of  military  merit. 
La  Marseillaise  [F  ]      The  French  national  hymn. 
Lilies  of  France.     The  emblem  of  monarchical  France. 
Rose.     The  national  flower  of  England. 
Russian  Bear.     The  emblem  of  the  Russian  Empire. 
Santiago  fSp  ]      Saint  James,  a  Spanish  battle-cry. 
Shamrock.     The  national  flower  of  Ireland. 

Star-Spangled  Banner.     The  national  song  of  the  United  States. 
St   Andrew.     The  Scottish  patron  saint. 
St.  David.     The  patron  saint  of  Wales. 
St,  George.     The  patron  saint  of  England. 
St.  Patrick,     The  patron  saint  of  Ireland. 
Tricolor.     The  standard  of  the  French  Republic. 
Union  Jack-     A  flag,  containing  only  the  union,  without  the  fly, 

hoisted  on  a  jackstaff . 
Wearing  of  the  Green.     An  Irish  national  song 
Yankee  Doodle.     An  American  national  song. 

Patriotism — Verbs. 
Champion.     To  contend  for. 
Cherish.     To  care  for  kindly. 


TREASON — Nouns  of  Agent — Continued. 

Heretic.     One  who  believes  some  wrong  doctrine  or  adheres  to  a 

wrong  cause. 
Judas.     A  traitor;  the  betrayer  of  Christ. 
Mutineer.     One  who  causes  a  mutiny. 
Rebel.     One  who  attempts  to  overthrow  legal  authority. 
Recreant.     One  who  yields  in  combat,  and  begs  for  mercy. 
Renegade.     A  deserter. 
Turncoat.     One  who  forsakes  his  party  or  principles. 

Treason — Verbs. 
Be  false  to.     To  betray. 
Betray.     To  deliver  over  by  fraud. 
Corrupt.     To  debase. 
Disclose  the  secrets  of.     To  betray. 
Dishonor.     To  bring  reproach  upon. 
Ensnare.     To  lead  into  evil. 
Give  over  to  the  foe.     To  betray. 
Inveigle.     To  lead  astray. 
Lead  astray.     To  lead  to  wrong. 
Mislead.     To  direct  wrongly. 
Prove  recreant  to.     To  desert. 
Rebel.     To  resist  the  laws  of  the  land  by  force. 
Violate  the  confidence  of.     To  betray. 

Treason — Adjectives. 

Apostate.     Guilty  of  desertion  from  one's  party. 
False.     Marked  by  bad  faith. 
Mutinous.     Engaged  in  mutiny. 
Seditious.     Stirring  up  insurrection. 
Treacherous.     Practising  treachery. 


PATRIOTISM— Verbs—  Continued. 

Defend.     To  guard  against  attack. 

Foster.     To  give  aid  and  protection  to. 

Lay  down  one's  life  for  one's  country.  1  „,     ,-    e  , 

T    *         ,   ..,  ..       ,.        ,         ,  \  To  die  for  one  s  country. 

Lay  one  s  life  on  the  altar  of  ones  country. J  J 

Secure  from  danger.     To  rescue. 

Patriotism — Adjectives. 

Chauvinistic.     Excessively  patriotic. 

Chivalric.     Devoted  to  one's  country 

Fanatical.     Controlled  by  intemperate  zeal. 

Loyal,     Constant  in  one's  affection  to  one's  country 

Patriotic.     Loving  one's  fatherland. 

Patriotism — Phrase. 
Dulce  et  decorum  est  pro  patria  mori  [L.].     It  is  sweet  and  beautiful 
to  die  for  one's  country.     [Horace,  Odes,  III,  ii,  13.3 


pa-trol'.  A  guard  at  camp.  Security-Insecurity, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

pa'-tron.  One  who  protects.  Antagonist-Assistant, 
Buying-Sale,  Friend-Foe. 

pat'-ron-age.  Special  support.  Dominance-Impo- 
tence, Obstruction-Help,  Rule-License. 

pat'-ron-ize.    Support.    Obstruction-Help. 

pat"-ro-nym'-ic.  Formed  after  one's  father's  name. 
Name-Misnomer. 

pat'-ten.   A  clog.    Dress-Undress. 

pat'-ter.  To  strike  as  drops  of  rain;  mumble.  Crash- 
Drumming,  Impetus-Reaction,  Talkativeness- 
Taciturnity. 

pat'-ter-er.  One  who  mumbles.  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness. 

pat'-tern.  A  model.  Conventionality-Unconven- 
tionality,  Copy-Model,  Embellishment-Disfig- 
urement, Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Sign. 

pattes  de  mouche  [F.]  (pat  de  mush).  Scribbling. 
Writing-Printing. 

pattes  de  velours,  jaire  [F.]  (pat  de  ve-lur',  fer).  To 
be  all  smirks  and  smiles.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood, Truthfulness-Fraud. 

pat'-u-lous.     Spreading.     Enlargement-Diminution. 

pau-cil'-o-quy.  The  utterance  of  few  words.  Talk- 
ativeness-Taciturnity. 


pau'-ci-ty.  Fewness.  Excess-Lack,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Multiplicity-Paucity. 

Paul  Jones.  A  Scottish-American  naval  adventurer. 
Robber. 

Paul  Pry.  A  newsmonger.  Conversation-Mono- 
logue, Inquisitiveness-Indifference. 

paulo  post  futurum  [L.]  (pau'-lo  post  fiu-tiu'-rum). 
One  of  these  days.     Future-Past, 

paunch.     To  disembowel.     Contents-Receiver. 

pau'-per.     A  poor  person.     Affluence-Penury. 

pause.  To  stop;  to  wait.  Action-Passiveness, 
Continuity-Interruption,  Determination-Vacil- 
lation, Discontinuance-Continuance,  Failure- 
Unbelief,  Misgiving,  Movement-Rest,  Toil-Re- 
laxation. 

pauvre  diable  [F.]  (povr  di-abl').  Poor  devil.  Af- 
fluence-Penury. 

pave.  To  lay  with  stone  or  brick.  Cover-Lining; 
pave  the  way,  Difficulty-Facility. 

pave'  [F.]  (pa-v6').  Pavement.  On  the  part,  Purity- 
Impurity. 

pave'-ment.  A  paved  foot-path.  City,  Cover-Lining, 
Top-Bottom,  Way. 

pa-vir-ion.  A  canopy.  Architecture,  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

pa'-ving.     The  laying  of  pavement.     Top-Bottom. 


PAVIOR. 


763 


PEDAL. 


pa'-vi-or.       A    paver.        Preparation-  Nonprepara- 

tion. 
paw.     Foot    of    a    beast;  to    scrape.     Keeping-Re- 

LINQUISHMENT,  TOUCH. 

paw'-ky.     Shrewd.     Craft-Artlessness. 

pawn.        A  pledge  deposit.        Loan-Borrowing,  Se-- 
curity. 

pawn'-bro"-ker.  One  who  lends  money  on  pledge. 
Loan-Borrowing. 

pawn'-shop".  A  shop  where  property  can  be  pawned. 
Loan-Borrowing. 

pax  [L.]  (pax).  Peace.  Ceremonial,  Sound- 
Silence. 

pax  in  hello  [L.]  (pax  in  bel'-lo).  Peace  in  war. 
Fighting-Conciliation. 

pax  vobiscum  [L.]  (pax  vo-bis'-cum) .  Peace  be  with 
you.     Politeness-Impoliteness. 

pay.  To  compensate;  return;  profit.  Buying-Sale, 
Cover-Lining,  Gain-Loss,  Giving-Receiving,  Out- 
lay-Income, Recompense-Punition,  Settlement- 
Default;  in  one's  pay,  Buying-Sale,  Chief-Under- 
ling; pay  attention  to,  Carefulness-Carelessness, 
Heed-Disregard;  pay  a  visit,  Politeness-Impo- 
liteness, Sociability-Privacy;  pay  back,  Re- 
prisal-Resistance; pay  down,  Settlement-De- 
fault; pay  dues,  Dueness-Undueness;  pay  hom- 
age, Devotion -Idolatry,  Regard -Disrespect, 
Yielding;  pay  in  advance,  Outlay-Income;  pay  in 
full,  Settlement-Default;  pay  in  one's  own  coin, 
Reprisal-Resistance;  pay  no  attention,  etc.,  to, 
Heed-Disregard;  pay  off,  Reprisal-Resistance; 
pay  old  debts,  Settlement-Default;  pay  one's 
respects,  Politeness-Impoliteness;  pay  one's  way, 
Generosity  -  Frugality,  Settlement  -  Default; 
pay  out,  Recompense-Punition;  pay  regard  to, 
Reputation-Discredit;  pay  the  debt  of  nature, 
Life-Death;  pay  the  penalty,  Atonement;  pay  the 
piper,  Obstruction-Help;  pay  through  the  nose, 
Costliness-Cheapness,  Extravagance-Avarice; 
pay  too  much,  Costliness-Cheapness. 

pay-ee'.  A  person  to  whom  money  has  been  or  is  to  be 
paid.     Money. 

pay'-er.     One  who  pays.     Settlement-Default. 

pay'-mas"-ter.    One  who  pays  employees.   Treasurer. 

pay'-ment.  The  act  of  paying.  Outlay-Income, 
Recompense-Punition,  Settlement-Default. 

pay'-nim.     Pagan.     Orthodoxy-Heterodo"v 

pays,  mal  du  [F.]  (pe-i',  mal  du).  Hoi.  csickness. 
Contentedness-Regret. 

pea.     A  climbing  herb.     Roundness. 

peace.  Quietness;  freedom  from  war.  Amity-Hos- 
tility, Movement-Rest,  Sound-Silence,  Strife- 
Peace,  Variance-Accord;  at  peace,  Variance- 
Accord;  commission  of  the  peace,  Judicature;  jus- 
tice of  the  peace,  Judge;  keep  the  peace,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness, Variance-Accord;  make  peace, 
Fighting-Conciliation, Strife-Peace;  makepeace 
with,  Contentedness-Discontentment;  Prince  of 
peace,  Divinity;  speak  peace,  Contentedness- 
Discontentment. 

peace'-a-ble .  Inclined  to  peace.  Strife-Peace, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

peace'-a-bly.  Quietly.  Get  on  peaceably,  Mediocrity, 
Strife-Peace. 

peace'-ful.  Undisturbed.  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

peace'-ma"-ker.  One  who  quiets  strife.  Contented- 
ness-Discontentment, Mediation,  Variance-Ac- 
cord. 

peace'-of'-fer-ing.  An  offering  of  thanks  for  peace. 
Atonement,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Giving-Re- 
ceiving, Mediation. 

peach.  To  tell  on  an  accomplice.  Exposure-Hiding- 
place. 


peach'-col"-ored.    Bright  -  reddish.    Redness  -  Green. 

NESS. 

pea'-cock".  A  beautiful  fowl.  Beauty-Ugliness. 
Conceit-Diffidence,  Pomp,  Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness,  Variegation;  jackdaw  in  peacock's  feathers, 
Adept-Bungler. 

pea'-green".    A  shade  of  green.    Redness-Greenness. 

pea'-jack"-et.  A  coat  worn  by  seamen  in  rough 
weather.     Dress-Undress. 

peak.  Summit.  Health-Sickness,  Height-Low- 
ness,  Sharpness-Bluntness,  Top-Bottom. 

peak'-ed.     Pointed.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

peal.  A  loud,  long  sound.  Crash-Drumming,  Loud- 
ness-Faintness;  peal  of  bells,  Crash-Drumming; 
peal  of  laughter,  Jubilation-Lamentation. 

pearl.  A  white  substance  found  in  the  oyster;  tc 
adorn  with  pearls.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment, Goodness-Badness,  Reputation-Discredit; 
cast  pearls  before  swine,  Provision-Waste,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness;   mother-of-peail,  Variegation. 

pearl'-i-ness.  The  quality  of  being  pearly.  Diapiia- 
neity-Opalescence. 

pearl'-y.  Like  pearl.  Color-Achromatism,  Diapha- 
neity-Opalescence,  Gray-Brov.n,  Variegation, 
Whiteness-Blackness. 

pear'-shape.     Shaped  like  a  pear.     Roundness. 

peas'-ant.     A  farm-hand.     Gentility-Commonalty. 

peat.     A  fuel.     Combustible. 

peb'-ble.  A  small,  roundish  stone.  Greatness-Lit- 
tleness, Hardness-Softness. 

pec"-ca-bil'-i-ty.     Sinning.     Virtue-Vice. 

pec'-ca-ble.     Capable  of  sinning.     Innocence-Guilt. 

pec"-ca-dil'-lo.     A  slight  sin.     Innocence-Guilt. 

pec'-can-cy.  The  quality  of  being  peccant  or  sin- 
ful. Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness. 

pec'-cant.  Being  a  sinner;  diseased.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Good- 
ness-Badness, Health-Sickness;  peccant  humor, 
Clean ness-Filthin ess,  Health-Sickness. 

peccare  in  bello  non  licet,  bis  [L.]  (pec-ke'-ri  in  bel'-lo 
non  lai'-set,  bis).  To  blunder  „  vice  in  war  is  not 
permitted.  Adept-Bungler,  Fighting-Concilia- 
tion. 

peccavi  [L.]  (pec-ke'-vai) .  I  have  sinned.  Repent- 
ance-Obduracy. 

peck.  The  fourth  of  a  bushel;  a  sharp,  quick  blow. 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Measure,  Multiplicity- 
Paucity,  Nutriment-Excretion;  peck  at,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval; peck  of  trouble,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Pleasure-Pain,  Welfare-Misforti'ke. 

peck'-ish.     Inclined  to  eat.     Desire-Distaste. 

Peck'-sniff.  A  hypocrite  in  Dickens's  Martin  Chuzzle- 
wit.     Gull-Dlceiver. 

pec'-tin-at-ed.  Resembling  the  teeth  of  a  comb. 
Sharpness-Bluntness. 

pec'-u-late.     To  steal.     Theft. 

pec"-u-la'-tion.     Stealing.     Theft. 

pec'-u-la"-tor.     A  thief.     Robber. 

pe-cu'-liar.  Especial.  Conventionality-Uncon- 
ventionality,  Universality-Particularity. 

pe-cu"-li-ar'-i-ties.  Characteristics.  Subjective- 
ness-Objectiveness. 

pe-cu"-li-ar'-i-ty.  Characteristic.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Universality- Particular- 
ity. 

pe-cu'-liar-ly.       Especially.       Magnitude-Smai  lness, 

SUPREMACY-SUBORDINACY. 

pe-cu'-ni-a1ry.     Monetary.     Money. 
pe-cu'-ni-ous.     Rich.     Affluence-Penury. 
ped'-a-gogue.      A  schoolmaster.      Instructor-Pupil, 

Scholar-Dunce,  Society-Affectation. 
ped'-al.     The  foot-keys  of  an  organ;    pertaining  to  the 

foot.     Anatomy,  Instrument. 


PEDANT. 


764 


PENETRATE. 


ped'-ant.  One  who  makes  a  vain  show  of  his  learning. 
Scholar-Dunce,  Society-Affectation. 

pe-dan'-tic.  Ostentatious  of  learning.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Simplicity-Floridness,  Society-Af- 
fectation. 

ped'-ant-ry.  A  boastful  display  of  knowledge.  De- 
cision-Misjudgment,  Knowledge-Ignorance,  So- 
ciety-Affectation. 

ped'-dle.  To  travel  and  retail  goods.  Activity-Indo- 
lence. 

ped'-dling.  Selling  from  house  to  house.  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance,   Extravagance-Avarice. 

ped"-e-re'-ro.    A  swivel-gun.    Weapon. 

ped'-es-tal.  The  base  of  a  column,  etc.  Architec- 
ture, Suspension-Support;  place  on  a  pedestal, 
Elevation-Depression. 

pe-des'-tri-an.    One  who  walks.    Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

ped'-i-cel.  A  footstalk  by  which  a  leaf  is  fixed  to  a  tree. 
Suspension-Support. 

ped'-i-gree.  Lineage.  Continuity  -  Interruption, 
Parentage-Progeny,  Rationale-Luck. 

ped'-i-ment.  An  ornamental  top  for  the  front  of  a 
building.  Architecture,  Suspension-Support, 
Top-Bottom. 

pedir  per  as  al  olmo  [Sp.]  (pe-dir'  pc'-ras  al  ol'-mo).  To 
look  for  pears  on  the  elm.  Likelihood-Unlikeli- 
hood. 

ped'-ler.     A  merchant  who  sells  from  house  to  house. 
Dealer;  pedler's  French,  Word-Neology. 

ped-om'-e-ter.  A  distance  gage.  Length-Short- 
ness. 

ped-un'-cle.  The  stem  of  a  flower  and  fruit  of  a  plant. 
Suspension-Support. 

ped-un'-cu-late .  Borne  on  a  peduncle.  Suspension- 
Support. 

peel.  Rind;  take  off  rind.  Cover-Lining,  Dress- 
Undress,  Lamina-Fiber;  peel  off,  Union-Dis- 
union. 

peel'-house".     A  fortress.     Attack-Defense. 

peep.  Sly  look.  Sight-Blindness;  peep  behind  the 
curtain,  Investigation-Answer;  peep  of  day,  Morn- 
ing-Evening; peep  into  the  future,  Prevision;  peep 
out,  Exposure-Hidingplace,  Visibility-Invisi- 
bility. 

peep'-hole".  A  hole  through  which  one  may  look 
undiscovered.     Aperture-Closure. 

peep'-show".  A  small  show  viewed  through  a  magni- 
fying glass.  Appearance-Disappearance,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 

peer.  Equal;  to  peep.  Equality-Inequality,  Gentil- 
ity-Commonalty, Investigation-Answer,  Sight- 
Blindness;    peer  out,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

peer'-ags.     The  nobility.      Gentility-Commo.valty. 

peer'-less.  Of  unequalcd  excellence.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit, Supremacy-Subordinacy,  Virtue-Vice. 

pee'-vish.  Fretful.  Favorite-Quarrelsomeness,  Po- 
liteness-Impoliteness. 

peg.  Wooden  nail  or  pin;  a  degree.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Instrument,  Station,  Suspension-Sup- 
port; come  down  a  peg,  Ascent-Descent;  let  down 
a  peg,  Elevation-Depression  ;  not  stir  a  peg,  Action- 
Passiveness,  Movement-Rest;  peg  away,  Activity- 
Indolence;  peg  on,  Traveling-Navigation;  peg  to 
hang  on,  Pretext. 

Peg'-a-sus.   The  winged  horse  of  the  Muses.  Conveyer. 

peg'-c-man"-cy.    Divination  by  fountains.   Prophecy. 

pegs.     The  legs.     Traveling-Navigation. 

peindre,  fail  a  [F.]  (pan'dr,  feta).  Well-made.  Beauty- 
Ugliness. 

peine  forte  et  dure  [F.]  (pen  fort  6  dur).  Strong  and 
severe  punishment.     Recompense-Penalty. 

pel-a'-gi-an.    A  deep-sea  animal.    Ocean-Land. 

pel-ag'-ic.  Pertaining  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  ocean. 
Ocean-Land. 


pel'-er-ine.    A  cape  worn  by  women.    Dress-Undress. 

pelf.  Money;  wealth.  Affluence-Penury,  Gain- 
Loss,  Property. 

pel'-i-can.    A  fish-eating  bird.    Provision-Waste. 

pe-lisse'.    A  long  cloak.    Dress-Undress. 

pel'-let.  A  small  round  ball.  Roundness;  paper  pellet, 
Consequence-Insignificance. 

pel'-li-cle.  A  thin  layer.  Cover-Lining,  Lamina- 
Fiber, 

pell"-mell'.  In  utter  confusion.  Regularity-Irregu- 
larity. 

pel-lu'-cid.    Clear.     Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

pel-lu-cid'-i-ty.  Translucency.  Diaphaneity-Opaque- 
ness. 

pelote  [F.]  (plot).    A  ball.    Roundness. 

pelt.  Skin  of  a  beast  with  hair  on ;  to  throw.  Attack- 
Defense,  Cover-Lining,  Dress-Undress,  Impetus- 
Reaction,  Recompense-Punition. 

pelt'-ry.     Skins.     Cover-Lining. 

pen.  Instrument  for  writing;  enclosure  for  beasts. 
Dweller-Habitation,  Enclosure,  Missive-Publi- 
cation, Release -Prison,  Release -Restraint, 
Writing-Printing;  draw  the  pen  through,  Mark- 
Obliteration;  pen  and  ink,  Writing-Printing; 
pen  in  hand,  Writing-Printing;  ready  pen,  Style; 
slip  of  the  pen,  Grammar-Solecism,  Truth-Error; 
stroke  of  the  pen,  Order,  Rule-License,  Writing- 
Printing. 

pe'-nal.  Incurring  punishment.  Recompense-Puni- 
tion; penal  servitude,  Recompense-Punition;  penal 
settlement,  Release-Prison. 

pen'-al-ty.  Judicial  punishment.  Recompense-Pen- 
alty, Recompense-Punition. 

pen'-ance.  Suffering  for  sin.  Atonement,  Austerity, 
Ceremonial,  Recompense-Penalty,  Repentance- 
Obduracy. 

Pen-a'-tes.  The  old  Latin  household  gods.  Lares  and 
Penates,  Devotion-Idolatry,  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

pen"-chant'.  A  strong  inclination.  Desire-Distaste, 
Love-Hate,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

pen'-cil.  An  instrument  for  writing;  a  brush.  Gather- 
ing-Scattering, Light-Darkness,  Painting,  Writ- 
ing-Printing. 

pen'-cil-draw'-ing.  A  drawing  made  with  a  pencil 
Painting. 

pen'-craft.     Penmanship.     Writing-Printing. 

pend'-ant.  A  jewel;  a  flag;  projection.  Architecture 
Likeness-Unlikeness,  Sign. 

pend'-en-cy.  Suspense;  hanging.  Duration-Never- 
ness,  Suspension-Support. 

pend'-ent.     Hanging.     Suspension-Support. 

pendente  lite  [L.]  (pen-den'-ti  lai'-ti).  Pending  suit. 
Certainty-Doubt,  Duration-Neverness,  Litiga- 
tion. 

pend'-ing.     Awaiting.     Duration-Neverness. 

pend'-u-lous.  Hanging.  Suspension-Support,  Vibra- 
tion. 

pend'-u-lum.  A  body  suspended  and  vibrating. 
Chronology-Anachronism,  Suspension-Support; 
motion  of  a  pendulum,  Vibration. 

Pe-nel'-o-pe.     A  character  in  Greek  legend.     Work  cf 
Penelope,     Completion-Noncompletion,     Useful- 
ness-Uselessness. 
pen'-e-tra"-ble.    That  may  be  penetrated.    Entrancb- 

Exit. 
pen"-e-tra'-li-a.    The  interior  parts  of  anything.  Out- 
side-Inside. 
penetralia  mentis  [L.]  (pen"-e-tre'-li-a  men'-tis).     The 
inner  parts  of  the  mind.     Affections,  Mind-Imbe- 
cility. 
pen'-e-trate.    To  enter.    Entrance-Exit,  Excitation 
Sagacity-Incapacity,  Transmission;  penetrate  the 
soul,  Excitation. 


PENETRATED. 


765 


PERCIPIENCE. 


pen'-e-tra"-ted  with.  Thoroughly  moved  by;  full  of. 
Affections,  Emotion,  Faith-Misgiving. 

pen'-e-tra"-ting.  Acute;  discerning.  Emotion,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity; penetrating  glance,  Sight- 
Blindness. 

pen"-e-tra'-tion.  Acuteness.  Aperture-Closure,  En- 
trance-Exit, Injection-Ejection,  Sagacity-In- 
capacity. 

pen'-fold.  A  temporary  pen  for  straying  cattle  that  are 
doing  damage.     Enclosure. 

pen-in'-su-la.     Land  nearly  surrounded  by  water. 

pen'-i-tence.  Contrition.  Repentance-Obduracy, 
Solemnization. 

pen'-i-tent.     Sorry.     Repentance-Obduracy. 

pen"-i-ten'-tial.  Pertaining  to  penitence.  Repent- 
ance-Obduracy. 

pen"-i-ten'-tia-ry.  A  house  of  correction.  Release- 
Prison,  Repentance-Obduracy. 

pen' -knife".  A  small  pocket-knife.   Sharpness-Blunt- 

NESS. 

pen'-man.  One  who  writes  a  good  hand.  Writing- 
Printing;  inspired  penman,  Revelation-Pseudo- 
revelation. 

pen'-man-ship.     Handwriting.     Writing-Printing. 

pen'-nant.     A  small  flag.     Sign. 

pen'-ni-less.     Poverty-stricken.     Affluence-Penury. 

pen'-non.     A  small  flag.     Sign. 

pen'-ny.  One-twelfth  of  a  shilling.  Money;  cost  a 
pretty  penny,  Costliness-Cheapness;  in  for  a  penny 
in  for  a  pound,  Engagement-Release;  no  penny  no 
paternoster,  Price-Discount;  not  have  a  penny, 
Affluence-Penury;  penny  trumpet,  Cacophony; 
turn  a  penny,  Gain-Loss. 

pen'-ny-a-lin'-er.  A  term  of  contempt  for  those  who 
write  at  a  penny  a  line.  Messenger,  Missive-Pub- 
lication. 

pen'-ny-a-lin'-ing.  Writing  at  a  penny  a  line.  Terse- 
ness-Prolixity. 

pen"-ny-an'-te.  A  game  of  poker  in  which  the  ante  is 
limited  to  one  cent.    Entertainment-Weariness. 

pen"-ny-weight'.  The  twentieth  part  of  the  troy  ounce. 
Heaviness-Lightness. 

pen'-ny-wise" .  Economical  in  small  matters.  Ex- 
travagance-Avarice; penny-wise  and  pound-fool- 
ish, Extravagance-Avarice,  Persistence-Whim, 
Pro  vision- Waste. 

pen'-ny- worth".    A  penny's  worth.    Price-Discount. 

pe-nol'-o-gist.    A  student  of  penology.   Scientist. 

pe-nol'-o-gy.  The  science  that  treats  of  the  punishment 
and  prevention  of  crime  and  of  the  management  of 
prisons.    Recompense-Punition. 

pensie,  arriere  [F.]  (pcuv-se' ,  a-riar') .  A  mental  reserva- 
tion.   Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Purpose-Luck. 

penseroso  [It.]  (pen-ser-o'-so) .  Sadness.  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection. 

pen'-sile.    Hanging  loosely.    Suspension-Support. 

pen'-sion.  A  yearly  allowance  by  government.  Out- 
lay-Income. 

pen'-sion-a-ry.  Living  by  means  of  a  pension.  Chief- 
Underling,  Giving-Receiving. 

pen'-sion-er.  One  who  receives  a  pension.  Chief-Un- 
derling, Giving-Receiving. 

pen'-sive.  Thoughtful;  sad.  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection,  Mind-Imbecility. 

pen'-stock".  A  conduit  from  a  mill-race  to  a  water- 
wheel  gate.    Watercourse-Airpipe. 

pen'-ta-gon.  A  figure  having  five  sides  and  five  angles. 
Angularity. 

pen-tag'-o-nal.    Like  a  pentagon.    Mineralogy. 

pen"-ta-he'-dron.  A  solid  bounded  by  five  plane  faces. 
Angularity. 

pen-tam'-e-ter.  A  poetic  verse  of  five  metrical  feet. 
Poetry-Prose,  Rhetoric. 

pen'-ta-style.     Portico.     Architecture. 


Pen'-ta-teuch.  The  five  first  books  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment.    Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

Pen'-te-cost .  A  Jewish  festival  occurring  fifty  days 
after  the  Passover.    Ceremonial. 

Pen"-the-si-le'-an.  Like  Penthesilea,  who  was  queen 
of  the  Amazons.    Bravery-Cowardice. 

pent'-house.   A  lean-to.    Contents-Receiver. 

pen'-tile.  A  tile  for  covering  the  sloping  part  of  a  roof. 
Cover-Lining. 

pent'-roof".     Roof  having  one  inclination.    Architec 

TURE. 

pent  up.  Fast;  enclosed.  Release-Restraint;  pent 
up  in  one's  memory,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

pe-nul'-ti-mate.     Being  the  last  but  one.    Middle. 

pe-num'-bra.  A  margin  of  a  shadow.  Light-Darkness. 

pe-nu'-ri-ous.   Niggardly.    Extravagance-Avarice. 

pen'-u-ry.    Poverty.    Affluence-Penury. 

pe'-on.     Afoot-soldier.    Belligerent. 

peo'-ple.  Number  of  persons;  nation.  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Gentility-Commoxa:  ty.  Humanity, 
Ministry-Laity,  Multiplicity- Paucity,  Presence- 
Absence. 

peo'-pled.  Inhabited.  Multiplicity-Paucity,  Pres- 
ence-Absence. 

pe-pas'-tic.    A  medicine  for  wounds.    Remedy-Bane 

pep'-per.  A  plant  and  its  seed.  Attack-Defense, 
Condiment,  Pungency;  hot  as  pepper,  Heat-Cold; 
pepper-and-salt,  Gray-Brown,  Variegatiox. 

pep'-per-corn.  An  insignificant  quantity.  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance; peppercorn  rent,  Costli- 
ness-Cheapness. 

pep'-per-y.  Like  pepper.  Favorite-Moroseness, 
Pungency. 

pep'-tic.     Promotive  of  digestion.    Remedy-Bane. 

per  contra  [L.]  (per  con'-tra) .  Contrariwise.  Antag- 
onism-Concurrence, Evidence-Counterevidence, 
Sameness-Contrast. 

per  saltum  [L.]  (per  sal'-tum).  By  a  jump.  Conti- 
nuity-Interruption, Eternity-Instantaneity. 

perse  [L.]  (per  si).  By  itself  considered.  Solitude- 
Company. 

per"-ad-ven'-ture.  Perhaps.  Possibility-Impossibil- 
ity. 

per'-a-grate.  To  wander  over.  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion. 

per-am'-bu-late.  To  walk  around.  Traveling-Navi- 
gation. 

per-am"-bu-la'-tion.  Walking  through  or  over,  espe' 
cially  for  the  purpose  of  surveying.  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

per-am'-bu-la"-tor.  One  who  walks  about.  Convey- 
ance-Vessel, Length-Shortness. 

per-ceiv'-a-ble.    Able  to  be  perceived.     Perceive. 

per-ceive'.  To  feel;  to  discern.  Feeling-Insensi- 
bility, Knowledge-Ignorance,  Sight-Blindness. 

per-cent'-age.  Allowance  on  a  hundred.  Number. 
Price-Discount. 

per-cep"-ti-bil'-i-ty.  Cognizability.  Visibility- Invisi- 
bility. 

per-cep'-ti-ble.  That  can  be  seen.  Visibility-  In  visi 
bility. 

per-cep'-tion.  The  power  or  act  of  perceiving.  Con- 
ception-Theme, Knowledge-Ignorance. 

per-cep'-tive.  Able  to  perceive.  Feeling-Insensi 
bility. 

per"-cep-tiv'-i-ty.  Power  of  perception.  Feeling-  In- 
sensibility. 

perch.  A  roost;  rod.  Dweller-Habitation,  Estab- 
lishment-Removal, Height-Lownesj,  Measure, 
Presence-Absence,  Suspension-Support;  perch 
up,  Elevation-Depression. 

per-chance'.  Perhaps.  Possibility-Impossibility. 
Rationale-Luck. 

per-cip'-i-ence.    Perception.    Mind-Imbecility. 


PERCOLATE. 


766 


PERFORM. 


p«r'-co-late.     Filter.     Entrance-Exit,    River-Wind. 

per"-co-la'-tion.    Filtration.    Entrance-Exit. 

per-cus'-sion.  A  stroke.  Impetus-Reaction;  center  of 
percussion,  Center. 

per-cus'-so-ry.  Running  over  slightly  or  in  haste. 

Heed-Disregard. 

per-di'-tion.  Ruin.  Creation -Destruction,  Gain- 
Loss,  Success-Failure. 

perdre  son  Lalin  [F.]  (perdr  son'  la-tan'').  To  lose  his 
Latin.    Difficulty-Facility. 

perdrix,  toitjours  [F.]  (per-dri',  tu-zhur').  Always  par- 
tridge.   Entertainment-Weariness. 

perdu,  enfant  [F.]  (per-du',  cur-fan'').  A  lost  child. 
Recklessness-Caution,  Sanguin  en  ess-Hopeless- 
ness. 

perdu,  un  bien  fait  n'est  jamais  [F.]  (per-dii',  uir  bi-an'' 
fe  ne  zha-me') .  A  kind  act  is  never  lost.  Humanita- 
rianism-Misanthropy. 

per'-dy.    In  truth.    Assertion-Denial. 

per'-e-gri-nate.  To  travel  from  place  to  place.  Trav- 
eling-Navigation. 

per"-e-gri-na'-tion.  Traveling.  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion. 

per"-e-gri-na'-tor.    A  traveler.    Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

per'-emp-to"-ry.  Positively.  Assertion-Denial,  Co- 
ercion, Determination-Vacillation,  Duty-Der- 
eliction, Harshness-Mildness,  Rule-License; 
peremptory  refusal,  Proffer-Refusal. 

per-en'-ni-al.  Durable.  Continuity-Interruption, 
Fauna-Flora,  Lastingness-Transientness,  Muta- 
bility-Stability. 

perennius,  are  [L.]  (per-en'-ni-us,  i'-ri).  More  enduring 
than  bronze.    Reputation-Discredit. 


per'-er-ra'-tion.  A  wandering.  Traveling-Navigation. 

pere  tel  fils,  tel  [F.]  (per  tel  fis,  tel).  Like  father,  like 
son.    Likeness-Unlikeness. 

per'-fect.  Complete;  finished.  Completion-Noncom- 
pletion,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Faultlessness- 
Faultiness,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

per-fec'-tion.  State  of  being  perfect.  Entirety-De- 
ficiency, Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Goodness- 
Badness;  bring  to  perfection,  Completion-Noncom- 
pletion,  Faultlessness-Faultiness. 

per'-fect-ly.  In  a  perfect  manner.  Faultlessness- 
Faultiness. 

per'-fect-ness.  Supreme  excellence.  Faultlessness- 
Faultiness. 

perfervidum  ingcnium  [L.]  (per-fer'-vid-um  in-ji'-ni- 
um).  One  of  superheated  mettle.  Activity-Indo- 
lence. 

per-fid'-i-ous.  Treacherous.  Truthfulness -False- 
hood, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

per-fid'-i-ous-ness.  Treachery.  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

per'-fi-dy.  Violation  of  faith.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

per'-flate.   To  blow  through.    River-Wind. 

per-fla'-tion.    A  blowing  through.    River-Wind. 

per'-f o-rate .  To  bore  or  pierce  through.  Aperture- 
Closure,  Transmission. 

per'-f  o-ra"-ted.  Bored  through.  Aperture-Clo- 
sure. 

per"-fo-ra'-tion.  A  boring  through.  Aperture-Clo- 
sure, Groove. 

per'-fo-ra"-tor.  One  who  or  that  which  pierces.  Per- 
forator-Stopper.    . 


PERFORATOR— STOPPER. 


Auger.     A  carpenter's  tool  for  boring  holes. 

Awl.     A  pointed  instrument  for  piercing  small  holes. 

Bodkin.     A  steel,  bone,  or  ivory  implement  with  a  sharp  point,  used 

in  needlework  for  piercing  holes. 
Borer.  An  instrument  for  boring. 
Bradawl.     A  straight  awl  with  chisel  edge,  used  to  make  holes  for 

brads. 
Corkscrew.     An  instrument  for  drawing  corks. 
Dibble.     A  poinded  wooden    instrument  for    making  holes  in  the 

ground  to  plant  seed. 
Brill.     An  instrument  with  an  edged  or  pointed  end  for  making  holes. 
Gimlet.     A  tool  for  boring  small  holes. 

Gouge.     A  round  hollow  chisel  for  cutting  grooves  in  wood  or  stone. 
Lancet.     A  small,  sharp,  two-edged  knife  used  by  surgeons. 
Needle.     A  small,  sharply  pointed  steel  instrument  used  for  sewing. 
Perforator.     That  which  is  used  for  making  holes. 
Piercer.     Something  used  to  penetrate  or  puncture. 
Probe.     A  small  slender  rod  for  examining  wounds. 
Punch.     An  iron  or  steel  tool  for  piercing  holes  by  stamping  out  a 

piece. 
Puncheon.     A  figured  punch  used  by  goldsmiths. 
Rimer.     An  instrument  used  in  making  the  rounds  of  a  ladder. 
Scoop.     A  spoon-shaped  surgical  instrument  used  in  extracting  for- 
eign substances. 
Spear.     Along,  sharp-pointed  fighting  weapon.     See  Weapon. 
Spikebit.     A  long  slender  instrument  for  boring. 
Stiletto.     A  pointed  instrument  for  making  eyelet  holes ;  a  dagger. 
Stylet.     A  stiletto. 
Terrier.     An  auger. 
Trepan.     A  crown  saw  for  perforating  the  skull,  turned,  when  used, 

like  an  auger. 
Trocar.     A  stylet  with  a  triangular  point,  used  in  exploring  tissues. 

or  for  inserting  drainage  tubes. 
Warder.     A  staff. 
Wimble.     A  gimlet.  

STOPPER — Nouns  of  Agent — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Porter.     A  man  in  charge  of  a  door  or  gate. 
Warder.     The  turnkey  of  a  prison. 


Bung.     The  large  stopper  of  a  cask. 

Cork.     A  stopper  for  a  bottle  or  cask. 

Cover.     Anything  laid  or  spread  over  something  else. 

Dossil.     A  plug  or  spigot. 

Padding.     Material  with  which  anything  is  padded  or  stuffed. 

Piston.     The  plunger  in  a  pump  or  steam-engine. 

Pledget.     A  little  plug. 

Plug.     A  piece  of  wood  or  other  substance  used  to  stop  a  hole. 

Ram.     The  plunger  of  an  hydraulic  press. 

Rammer.     A  rod  for  forcing  down  the  charge  of  a  gun. 

Ramrod.     The  rod  used  for  driving  home  the  charge  of  a  gun. 

Siide-valve.     A  valve  which  opens  and  closes  a  passageway  by  sliding 

over  a  post. 
Spigot.     A  peg  to  stop  the  vent-hole  of  a  cask. 
Spike.     An  iron  rod  driven  into  the  vent  of  a  gun. 
Spill.     A  peg  or  pin  for  plugging  a  hole. 
Stop-cock.     An  instrument  used  to  regulate  the  supply  of  water,  ga»» 

etc.,  flowing  through  pipes 
Stop-gap.     That  which  closes  up  a  gap ;  an  expedient 
Stopper,     That  which  fills  a  hole  or  vent  in  a  vessel. 
Stopping.     Material  for  filling  a  cavity. 
Stopple.     That  which  closes  the  mouth  of  a  vessel. 
Stuffing.     That  which  is  used  in  filling  anything. 
Tap.     A  plug  for  stopping  the  hole  in  a  cask. 
Tompion.     A  stopper  of  a  gun  or  cannon. 

Tourniquet.     A  surgical  instrument  for  stopping  hemorrhages. 
Valve.     A  lid  or  cover  or  plug,  used  to  close  an  aperture. 
Vent-peg.     A  peg  for  filling  the  vent  of  a  barrel. 
Wadding.     Material  used  for  wads 

Stopper — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Beadle,    An  inferior  parish  officer  in  England  who  punishes  offenders 

etc. 
Cerberus.     In  mythology,  the  three-headed  monster  that  guarded  the 

entrance  into  the  infernal  regions. 
Doorkeeper.     One  who  guards  the  door. 
Janitor.     A  doorkeeper. 

(Continued  on  Column  i .) 


per-force'.    By  force.    Coercion, 
tance,  Volition-Obligation. 


Readiness-Reluc- 


per-form'.    To  do;  to  complete.    Acting,  Action-Pas- 
siveness,    Agency,    Completion-Noncomfletion, 


PERFORM. 


767 


PERICULUM. 


Creation-Destruction,  Music,  Musician,  Obser- 
vance-Nonobservance;  perform  a  circuit,  Mid- 
course-Circuit;  perform  a  duty,  Duty-Derelic- 
tion; perform  a  function,  Usefulness-Uselessness; 
perform  a  funeral,  Life-Funeral;  perform  an  obli- 
gation, Observance  -  Nonobservance  ;  perform  a 
part,  Acting,  Action-Passiveness;  perform  a  serv- 
ice, Ceremonial;  perform  the  duties  of,  Occupation. 
per-form'-a-ble.  Capable  of  being  done.  Possibility- 
Impossibility. 


per-form'-ance.  The  act  of  performing.  Acting,  Ac- 
tion-Passiveness, Agency,  Completion-Noncom- 
pletion,  Creation-Destruction,  Music,  Musician, 
Observance-Nonobservance. 

per-form'-er.  One  who  performs.  Acting,  Agent, 
Musician,  Society-Affectation. 

per-fu'-ma-to-ry.  Yielding  perfume.  Perfume- 
Stench. 

per-fume.'.   A  sweet  scent.   Perfume-Stench. 


PERFUME— STENCH. 


Aroma.     A  delicate,  spicy  odor. 
Aromatic  perfumes.     Those  from  aromatic  plants. 
Attar.     A  fragrant  essential  oil. 
Balm.     Any  fragrant  ointment 
Bay  rum.     An  aromatic  liquid  from  bay  leaves 
Bergamot.     A  perfume  from  the  fruit  of  the  bergamot  tree. 
Bouquet.     A  perfume 
Civet.     A  musky  perfume  from  the  civet 
Eau  de  Cologne  [F  ].     Cologne  water. 
Fragrance .     Sweet  perfume 
Frankincense.     A  rosin  used  as  an  incense 

Incense.     The  perfume  and  odor  from  spices  and  gums  used  in  cele- 
brating religious  rites. 
Musk.     A  perfume  from  the  navel  of  the  musk  deer. 
Myrrh      A  gum  rosin  of  an  aromatic  odor. 
Nanha-water.     Perfume  distilled  from  orange-flowers. 
Nosegay.     A  bunch  of  odorous  flowers 

Pril"    1  ^  Perfurnery  *°r  scenting  the  air  of  a  room. 

Perfume.     A  pleasant  odor,  especially  from  flowers. 

Perfumery.     Perfumes  in  general. 

Perfumes  of  Arabia.     Perfumes  coming  from  Arabia.     [Shakespeare, 
Macbeth.} 

Potpourri  [F.T      A  packet  of  flowers,  leaves,  etc.,  to  scent  a  room. 

Pulvil.     Powdery  perfume. 

Redolence.     Quality  of  diffusing  fragrance 

Sachet.     A  scent-bag. 

Sassafras.     An  American  tree^  the  bark  of  which  has  a  strong  aro- 
matic odor. 

Scent.     The  effluvium  left  by  animals  in  their  movements. 

Scent-bag.     A  small  pouch  for  carrying  perfumes 

Smelling-bottle      A  bottle  for  carrying  smelling-salts,  or  the  like 

Sweet  smell.     A  pleasing  odor. 

Thurification.     Act  of  burning 

Vinaigrette  [F  ].      A  small  perforated  box  for  holding  smelling-salts, 
etc. 

Perfume — Verbs. 

Be  fragrant.     To  please  the  sense  of  smell.     See  Adjectives. 

Embalm.     To  imbue  with  fragrance 

Have  a  perfume.     To  have  a  pleasing  odor.     See  Nouns. 

Perfume.     To  render  odorous 

Scent.     To  cause  to  be  fragrant 

Smell  sweet.     To  emit  a  sweet  odor. 

Perfume — Adjectives. 
Ambrosial.     Divinely  fragrant 
Aromatic.     Having  a  spicy  odor. 
Balmy.     Fragrant  like  aromatic  balm. 
Fragrant.     Having  a  sweet  perfume, 
Fragrant  as  a  rose. 

Muscadine.     Having  the  fragrance  of  the  Southern  fox-grape. 
Perfumatory.     Yielding  a  pleasant  odor. 
Perfumed       Sweet-scented.     See  Verbs. 
Redolent.     Diffusing  a  pervasive  odor;  fragrant. 
Scented.     Smelling.     See  Verbs. 
Spicy.     Having  a  pungent  odor 
Sweet-scented.  It,.       .       ,     .,  H 

Sweet-smelling.  I  Pleasmg  to  the  sme11' 
Thuriferous.     Producing  or  bearing  frankincense. 


Bad  odor,     A  bad  smell  usually  artificial 

Bad  smell.     That  which  gives  an  unpleasant  sensation  to  the  olfac 

tory  nerves 
Empyreuma.     The  smell  of  animal  or  vegetable  matter  burned  in  a 

closed  vessel. 
Fetor.     An  offensive  disgusting  odor 
Foulness.     The  quality  of  being  filthy  and  offensive. 
Mustiness.     Bad  smell  resulting  from  mold  or  age. 
Rancidity.     Smell  of  fats  and  oils  in  bad  condition. 

Stink     J  ^"n  onrens*ve   disgusting  odor. 

Strong  smeli.}  A  disagree^16  or  offensive  smell. 
Stench — Denotations. 

Asafetida.     The  fetid  gum  resin  of  a  plant 

Fungus.    Organisms  or  plants  of  the  family  mold,  mildew, etc. 

Garlic.     A  plant  having  a  very  strong,  pungent  smell 

Polecat.     An  animal  whose  scent-glands  secrete  a  substance  of  an  ex- 
ceedingly disagreeable  odor 

Skunk.     An  animal  whose  scent-glands  secrete  an  extremely  fetid 
liquid 

Stinkpot.     An  earthen  jar  charged  with  pdwder,  grenades,  and  ma- 
terials of  an  offensive  smell. 

Stoat.     The  ermine  or  brown  weasels  whose  scent  is  disagreeable. 

Stench — Verbs. 
Have  a  bad  smell,  etc,     To  be  disagreeable  to  the  sense  of  smell     See 

Nouns 
Smell.     To  have  an  odor  or  scent. 
Smell  offensively. 


To  be  disagreeable  to  the  sense  of  smell. 


Smell  strong. 

Stink. 

Stink  in  the  nostrils. 

Stink  like  a  polecat. 

Stench — Adjectives. 
Bad.     Unpleasant 

Empyreuma  tic.     Pertaining  to  empyreuma.     See  Nouns. 
Fetid       Having  a  strong  offensive  smell. 
Frowzy.      Having  a  musty  smell 
Fulsome.     Disgusting  by  its  grossness. 
Fusty.      Musty,  moldy. 
High.     Tainted:  said  of  meat. 
Mephitic.     Pertaining  to  noxious  exhalations. 
Musty.     Having  the  smell  of  mold  or  old  age. 
Nidorous.     Smelling  like  cooked  meat 
Noisome.     Very  disagreeable  to  sense  of  smell. 
Offensive.     Causing  disgust. 

Olidous  i  ^  a  stron£»  disagreeable  smell 

Putrid,     Produced  by  putrefaction. 

Rancid.     Like  fats  or  oils  in  bad  condition. 

Rank.     Strong  and  disagreeable. 

Reasty.     Rancid :  as  of  bacon. 

Smelling.     Being  disagreeable  to  the  sense  of  smell. 

Stinking.     Annoying  with  an  offensive  smell. 

flronf  smelling}  Disagreeable. 

Suffocating.     So  strong  as  to  make  breathing  difficult. 

Tainted.     Smelling  as  if  slightly  decayed. 


per-fumed'.     Rendered  odorous.     Perfume-Stench. 

per-fu'-mer.  One  who  deals  in  perfumes.  Perfume- 
Stench. 

per-func'-to-ry.  Done  to  get  rid  of  the  duty.  Care- 
fulness-Carelessness, Entirety-  Deficiency, 
Excess  -  Lack,  Transcursion  -  Shortcoming. 

per-haps'.      Possibly.      Hypothesis,  Possibility-Im- 


possibility. 
pe'-ri.     A  fairy.     Beauty-Ugliness,  Jove-Fiend. 
per'-i-apt.     An  amulet.     Devotion-Charm. 
per"-i-cra'-ni-um.        The  region  round  the  craniutr.. 

Mind-Imbecility. 
pe-ric'-u-lous .     Dangerous.     Security-Insecurity. 
periculum    concordiam    parit,    commune    [L.]    (per-ic- 


PERICULUM. 


768 


PERIODICITY— IRREGULARITY. 


yu'-lum  con-cor'-di-am  pe-rit,  com-miu'-ni).  Com- 
mon danger  produces  concord.  Strife-Peace, 
Variance-Accord. 

per'-i-dot.  Chrysolite.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

per'-i-gee .  Point  of  the  moon's  orbit  nearest  the 
earth.     Astronomy. 

per"-i-he'-li-on.  The  point  in  a  planet's  orbit  nearest 
the  sun.     Remoteness-Nearness. 

per'-il.  Danger.  Security-Insecurity;  at  your 
peril,  Charitableness-Menace;  take  heed  at  one's 
peril,  Warning 


Ratiocination-In* 


Comprehension. 

Sanguineness-Timidity, 

OUT- 


per-i-lep'-sis. 
stinct. 

per'-il-ous .        Hazardous. 
Security-Insecurity. 

per-im'-e-ter.     The  outer  boundary  of  a  figure. 
line. 

pe'-ri-od.  A  point;  a  portion  of  time.  Beginning- 
End,  Discontinuance-Continuance,  Duration- 
Neverness,  Periodicity  -  Irregularity,  Period- 
Progress,  Station;  at  fixed  periods,  Periodicity- 
Irregularity;  well-rounded  periods,  Purity- 
Crudeness,  Simplicity-Floridness. 


PERIOD— PROGRESS. 


Age .     A  particular  period,  of  time. 
Annus  magntts  [L.]      The  great  year. 
Century.     A  hundred  years 

Day.     The  period  of  one  complete  revolution  of  the  earth  on  its  axis. 
Decade.     A  space  of  ten  years. 
Decennium.     A  period  of  ten  years. 

Generation.     The  ordinary  period  of  time  at  which  one  rank  follows 
another  or  father  is  succeeded  by  child,  usually  a  third  of  a  century. 
Hour.     The  twenty -fourth  part  of  a  day. 
Lifetime.     The  duration  of  life 
Lustrum  [L.]      A  period  of  five  years. 
Millennium      A  thousand  years. 
Minute.     The  sixtieth  part  of  an  hour 
Month.     The  twelfth  part  of  a  year 
Period.     A  stated  length  of  time. 
Quarter.     A  fourth  part  of  the  moon's  period. 
Quinquennium.     A  period  of  five  years. 
Second.     The  sixtieth  part  of  a  minute. 
Week.     A  period  of  seven  days 
Year.     The  time  of  one  revolution  of  the  earth  around  the  sun. 

Period — Adjectives. 

Annual,  etc      Coming  once  a  year.  etc.     See  Periodicity1. 
Horary.     Happening  once  an  hour. 
Hourly.     Occurring  hour  by  hour. 


PROGRESS— Continued  from  Column  2. 
Progress — Adverbs,  etc. 

In  course.     In  regular  succession. 

In  due  season.     At  the  proper  time. 

In  due  time.     At  the  proper  moment. 

In  process.     Begun  but  not  completed. 

In  the  fulness  of  time.      When  all  things  are  prepared. 

In  time.     In  good  season 

Progress — Phrases. 

Fugaces  labuntur  anni  [L.].     The  fleeting  years  slip  away.     [Horace, 
Odes,  II,  xiv,  a.] 

Labitur  et  labetur  [L.\     It  glides  along  and  "will  continue  to  glide. 
[Horace,  Epistles   I.  ii,  43  ] 

"To-morrow  and  to-morrow  creeps  in  this  petty  pace  from  day  to  day.** 
[Shakespeare,  Macbeth,  V.  iii  ] 

Truditur  dies  die  [L.]-  One  day  is  pressed  onward  by  another      [Hor- 
ace, Odes,  II,  xviii,  15  ] 


Aorist.     A  past  tense  in  Greek,  so  named  from  its  use  as  the  jndefinitt 

or  general  tense 
Course  of  time.  \  ™  f,. 

Current  of  time  J  The  passage  oE  f-ime* 
Duration,  etc      Continuance  in  time,  etc.     See  Duration. 
Flight  of  time. 
Flow  of  time. 
Flux  of  time. 
Lapse  of  time. 
March  of  time. 
Process  of  time. 
Progress  of  time. 
Step  of  time. 
Stream  of  time. 
Succession  of  time 
Tide  of  time. 
Tract  of  time. 


■  The  passing  away  of  time. 


The  changing  from  day  to  day. 


Progress — Verbs. 

Advance.     To  move  forward. 

Be  past,  etc.     To  have  happened.    See  Future-Past. 

Elapse .     To  slip  away. 

Expire.     To  come  to  an  end. 

Flit.     To  pass  rapidly. 

Flow.     To  glide  along  smoothly. 

Fly.     To  pass  swiftly. 

Glide.     To  move  gently  and  smoothly. 

Go.     To  pass  away. 

Lapse.     To  pass  slowly  or  by  degrees. 

Out.     To  come  or  go  out. 

Pass.     To  go  by,  be  spent. 

Pass  by.     To  elapse. 

Press  on.     To  advance  strenuously. 

Proceed.     To  go  on. 

Roll  on.     To  pass  by. 

Run.     To  proceed  ;  pass. 

Run  its  course .     To  pass  away. 

Slide.     To  move  smoothly  onward. 

Slip.     To  pass  along  un observed! y. 

Wear  on.     To  pass  tediously. 

Progress — Adjectives. 

Aoristic.     Indefinite. 

Elapsing.     Passing  away.     See  Verbs. 

Progressive.      Moving  forward. 

{Continued  onColumn  1.) 


pe"-ri-od'-ic.  Having  regular  recurrence.  Periodic- 
ity-Irregularity; periodic  law,  Chemistry;  peri- 
odic sentence,  Rhetoric. 

pe"-ri-od'-ic-al.  Regularly  recurring;  a  book  which 
appears   at   set  intervals.        Missive-Publication. 


Periodicity-Irregularity. 
pe"-ri-od'-ic-al-ly.      Regularly. 

LARITY. 

pe"-ri-o-dic'-i-ty.     Regularly  recurrent 
Irregularity. 


Periodicity-Irregu- 
Periodicity- 


periodicity— irregularity. 


Alternaterjess.     The  quality  of  following  by  turns. 

Alternation.     The  act  of  doing  in  turns. 

Alternativeness.     The  quality  of  offering  a  choice  between  two. 

Alternity.     Succession  by  turns. 

Anniversary.     The  annual  return  of  the  day  on  which  any  notable 

event  took  place. 
Beat      A  recurring  stroke  or  throb. 
Bout.     As  much  as  can  be  performed  at  one  turn 
Cycle.     The  revolution  of  a  certain  period  of  time,  marked  by  the 

recurrence  of  something  peculiar. 


Fitfulness.      The  state  of  being  marked  by  sudden  impulses  or  starts. 
Irregularity.     The  state  or  quality  of  departing  from  the  usual  or 

proper  form  or  order 
Uncertainty.     The  quality  of  being  not  sure  or  doubtful. 
Un  punctuality.     State    of   being   not   observant   and   exart    as    to 

appointed  time. 

Irregularity — Adjectives. 
Capricious.     Apt  to  change  suddenly,  as  a  goat  ([L.|  Capra)  move*.' 
Desultory.    Jumping  from  one  thing  or  subject  to  another,  as  a  circu* 

rider  from  horse  to  horse. 


PERIODICITY 


769 


PERISH. 


PERIODICITY— IRREGULARITY—  Continued, 


Intermittence.     State  of  being  periodic  or  recurrent 

Oscillation,  etc.     The  act  of  varying  between  fixed  limits,  etc.     See 
Vibration 

Periodicity      The  state  of  being  regularly  recurrent. 

Pulsation      A  beat  or  throb  of  a  series 

Pulse       A  measured  beat 

Punctuality       Scrupulous  exactness  as  to  time. 

Regularity      The  quality  of  returning  at  stated  intervals 

Revolution      The  period  measured  by  the  regular  return  of  a  revolv- 
ing body 

Rhythm.     The  dividing  into  short  periods  by  a  regular  succession  of 
motions   etc 

Rotation.     A  succession  in  a  series 

Round      A  succession  or  periodical  revolution 

Steadiness.     The  quality  of  being  regular  or  steady 

Turn.     A  revolution 

Periodicity — Denotations 

Ash  Wednesday      The  first  day  of  Lent     [Funereal  ashes.] 

Bicentennial.     The  two  hundredth  year  or  anniversary 

Birthday      The  anniversary  of  ones  birth. 

Centenary.     The  celebration  of  an  event  occurring  a  hundred  years 
before 

Christmas.     The  25th  day  of  December  the  anniversary  of  the  birth 
of  Christ. 

Days  of  the  week.     The  days  from  one  Sunday  to  the  next 

Easter.     The  anniversary  of  the  resurrection  of  Christ,  originally  a 
festival  of  Easter  goddess  of  spring 

Fast.     A  period  of  abstinence  from  food 

Feast.     A  joyous  anniversary 

February.      The  second  month  of  the  year,  earlier  the  last  month 
[Februa.  purification  ] 

Hallowe'en      The  evening  preceding  All  Saints  Day. 

January.     The  first  month  of  the  year,  named  from  Janus,,  a  Roman 
god  of  openings 

Jubilee.     The  fiftieth  anniversary  of  an  event 

Leap-year.     Every  fourth  year,  which  leaps  over  a  day  more  than  the 
common  year. 

Monday.  The  second  day  of  the  week    [L.]  La  luna;  dies  moon  s  day. 

Months  of  the  year.     Twelve  calendar  or  thirteen  lunar  months  con- 
stitute a  year 

New  year's  day.     The  first  day  of  the  year. 

Jfycthemeron.     The  space  of  twenty-four  hours    [Gr  night  and  day.] 

October.     The  tenth  month  of  the  year,  originally  the  eighth  month 

Period.     A  stated  and  recurring  interval  of  time 

Rota.     An  ecclesiastical  court  of  Rome  that  held  annual  sessions 

Routine.     A  round  of  business  or  pleasure  daily  pursued. 

Stated  time.     A  fixed  time  for  the  performance  of  an  act. 

Sunday.     The  first  day  of  the  week      Dies  solis.  day  of  the  sun 

Wednesday.     The  fourth  day  of  the  week      Woden's  day,  Jovis  dies. 

Year-book      A  book  published  yearly 

Yule.     Christmas     Originally  a  heathen  festival  of  Yule. 

Yule-tide.     Christmas  time 

Periodicity — Verbs 

Alternate.     To  cause  to  succeed  by  turns. 

Beat.     To  strike  repeatedly 

Come  again.  1 

Come  in  its  turn. 


Come  round . 


To  recur  or  happen  in  regular  order. 


Come  round  again,  j 

Intermit.     To  cease  at  intervals. 

Pulsate.     To  throb  or  beat. 

Recur  in  regular  order.  \  —  .  _      ,  _, 

-j  .  .        r  lo  come  at  fixed  times. 

Recur  in  regular  succession  J 

Return.     To  come  again. 

Revolve.     To  cause  to  move  in  a  circle 

Periodicity — Adjectives . 
Alternate.     Following  each  other  in  succession  of  time. 
Annual.      Coming  once  a  year 
Biennial.      Taking  place  jnce  in  two  years. 


IRREGULARITY— Adjectives— Continued. 

Fitful.     Marked  by  fits:  irregularly  variable. 
Flickering      Wavering  unsteadily 
Irregular.     Not  according  to  usual  forms  or  rules. 
Rambling.     Wandering,  discursive. 
Rhapsodical.     Unconnected,  confused. 
Spasmodic.     Convulsive,  intermittent. 
Uncertain.     Inconstant    variable 
Unpunctual.     Not  done  at  the  exact  time. 

Irregularity — Adverbs,  etc. 
By  fits  and  starts,  etc.     Irregularly      See  Continuity-Interruptior 
Irregularity.      Not  happening  at  fixed  times.     See  Adjectives 


PERIODICITY— Adjectives— Continued. 

Biweekly      Happening  once  every  two  weeks. 

Centennial.     Coming  once  in  a  hundred  years. 

Cyclical.     Moving  in  cycles. 

Daily.     Occurring  once  a  day 

Diurnal.     Recurring  each  day. 

Every  other.     Alternate. 

Fortnightly.     Occurring  once  every  two  weeks. 

Hebdomadary.  \ 

Hebdomadal.     >Happening  every  seven  days. 

Hebdomad.       J 

Hourly.     Occurring  once  an  hour 

Intermittent.     Beginning  and  ceasing  at  intervals. 

Lenten.     Relating  to  the  fast  called  Lent. 

Menstrual.     Monthly. 

Monthly.     Done  once  a  month,  or  performed  in  a  montk. 

Paschal.     Relating  to  the  Paschal  feast  or  Easter 

Periodic       I  . 

P    '  A'     1  J  happening  at  stated  intervals. 

Punctual      Performed  at  the  exact  time. 

Quadrennial.     Occurring  once  in  four  years. 

Quotidian.     Coming  daily 

Recurrent.     Returning  from  time  to  time. 

Recurring.     Following  in  succession.     See  Verbs. 

Regular.     Pursued  with  uniformity. 

Regular  as  clockwork.     Very  steady. 

Remittent.     Having  remissions. 

Rhythmical.     Pertaining  to  rhythm. 

Secular.     Relating  to  an  age. 

Serial.     Appearing  in  successive  parts. 

Steady,     Regular,  constant. 

Tertian.     Occurring  every  third  day. 

Triennial.     Coming  every  three  years. 

Weekly.     Once  a  week. 

Yearly.     Once  a  year. 

Periodicity — Adverbs,  etc. 

Alternately.     Succeeding  by  turns. 

At  established  periods.  ] 

At  fixed  periods. 

At  regular  intervals. 

At  stated  times. 

By  turns.     Alternately. 

Day  by  day.     Daily. 

De  die  in  diem  [L.I     From  day  to  day 

Every  other  day. 

From  day  to  day. 

In  rotation. 

In  turn. 

OS  and  on. 

Periodically. 

Punctually. 

Ride  and  tie. 


Regularly 


See  Adjectives. 
See  Adjectives 
In  turn  with  another  in  labor  and  rest 


Round  and  round. 


per"-i-pa-tet'-ic.      Walking  about.      Traveling-Navi- 
gation, Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

per-iph'-er-y.     The  outer  surface.     Outline. 

per'-i-phrase.     To   express  in  a  roundabout  manner. 
Phrase,  Terseness-Prolixity. 

per-iph'-ra-sis.        Circumlocution.        Terseness-Pro- 
lixity. 

per"-i-phras'-tic.     Employing  indirect  words.     Terse- 
ness-Prolixity. 
4^ 


per'-i-plus.      Circumnavigation.      Traveling-Naviga- 
tion. 

per'-i-scope.     A  general  view.     Sight-Blindness. 

per"-i-scop'-ic.      Viewing  on  all  sides;    Visibility-In* 
visibility;  periscopic lens,  Optical  Instruments. 

per'-ish.      To  die;   to  go  to  ruin.      Betterment-De- 
terioration, Creation-Destruction,  Life-Death, 
Substance-Nullity;   perish  with  cold,  Heat-Cold: 
perish  with  hunger,  Fasting-Gluttonv. 


PERISHABLE. 


770 


PERSISTENCE— WHIM. 


per'-ish-a-ble.     Liable  to  perish.     Lastingness-Tran- 

SIENTNESS. 

per'-ished.  Decayed;  passed  out  of  existence.  En- 
tit  V-NONENTITY. 

per'-ish-ing.  Passing  out  of  existence.  Creation- 
Destruction. 

per"-is-sol'-o-gy.  Superfluity  of  words.  Terseness- 
Prolixity. 

per"-i-stal'-tic.  Applied  to  the  motion  of  the  intes- 
tines.    Circle-Winding. 

per'-i-style.     System  of  columns.     Architecture. 

per'-i-wig.  A  small  wig;  a  peruke.  Dress-Un- 
dress. 

per'-jured.  Having  sworn  falsely.  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

per'-jur-er.  One  who  bears  false  witness.  Gull-De- 
ceiver. 

per'-ju-ry.  Solemn  assertion  of  a  falsity.  Patriot- 
ism-Treason, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

perk.  To  make  trim.  Dress-Undress;  perk  up, 
Elevation  -  Depression,  Lightheartedness  -  De- 
jection, Weariness-Refreshment. 

perked'-up.     Proud.     Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

per"-lus-tra'-tion.  The  act  of  viewing  all  over.  Sight- 
Blindness. 

per'-ma-nence.  Fixedness.  Lastingness-Tran- 
sientness,  Mutability-Stability,  Mutation-Per- 
manence, Persistence-Whim,  Vigor-Inertia. 

per'-ma-nent.  Fixed.  Duration-Neverness,  Habit- 
Desuetude,  Lastingness-Transientness,  Muta- 
bility-Stability, Mutation-Permanence. 

per'-me-a-ble.  That  may  be  passed  through.  Aper- 
ture-Closure. 

per'-me-ate.  To  pass  through;  to  fill.  Environ- 
ment-Interposition, Presence-Absence,  Trans- 
mission. 

per'-me-a-tion.  Diffusing.  Establishment-Re- 

moval, Transmission. 

Per'-mi-an.  Relating  to  a  certain  group  of  strata. 
Permian  period,  Geology. 

per-mis'-si-ble.  That  may  be  allowed.  Leave-Pro- 
hibition. 

per-mis'-sion.  Consent.  Difficulty-Facility, 

Leave-Prohibition,  Rule-License. 

permission,  avcc  [P.]  (per-mi-si-on',  a-vec').  With 
permission.     Leave-Prohibition. 

per-mis'-sive.     Granting.     Leave-Prohibition. 

per-mit'.  Allow.  Assent-Dissent,  Consent,  Dif- 
ficulty-Facility, Leave-Prohibition. 

t>»r-mit'-ted.     Allowed.     Leave-Prohibition. 

per-mit'- ting.  Allowing.  Leave-Prohibition; 

weather,  etc.,  permitting,  Modification,  Possibil- 
ity-Impossibility. 

per-mu-ta'-tion.  The  arrangement  of  things  in  every 
possible  order.  Commutation-Permutation,  Mu- 
tation-Permanence, Number. 

per-ni'-cious.     Deadly.     Goodness-Badness, 

per-nic'-i-ty.     Swiftness.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

per'-o-rate.     To  harangue.     Terseness-Prolixity. 

per"-o-ra'-tion.  The  conclusion  of  an  oration.  Be- 
ginning-End, Predecessor-Continuation,  Speech- 
Inarticulateness. 

per'-pend.     Consider  carefully.     Mind-Imbecility. 


per"-pen-dic'-u-lar.  Exactly  upright.  Erectness- 
Flatness. 

per"-pen-dic"-u-lar'-i-ty.  Erectness.  Erectness- 
Flatness. 

per-pen'-sion.     Pondering.     Heed-Disregard. 

per'-pe-trate.  To  commit.  Action-Passiveness; 
perpetrate  a  pun,  etc.,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

per"-pe-tra'-tion.  Performance.  Action-Passive- 
ness. 

per'-pe-tra"-tor.  One    who    perpetrates    a    crime. 

Agent. 

perpetua,  esto  [L.]  (per-pet'-yu-a,  es'-to).  Let  it 
endure  forever.  Approval-Disapprobation,  Mu- 
tation-Permanence, Regard-Disrespect. 

per-pet'-u-al.  Incessant.  Eternity-Instantaneity, 
Frequency-Rarity,  Infinity,  Lastingness-Tran- 
sientness; perpetual  curate,  Ministry-Laity. 

per'-pet-u-al-ly.  Continually.  Eternity-Instanta- 
neity, Frequency-Rarity. 

per-pet'-u-ate.  Make  perpetual.  Discontinuance- 
Continuance,  Eternity-Instantaneity,  Muta- 
bility-Stability. 

per-pet"-u-a'-tion.  Continuance.  Eternity-In- 

stantaneity. 

per"-pe-tu'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  perpetual. 
Eternity-Instantaneity,  Infinity,  Lastingness- 
Transientness. 

per-plex'.  Puzzle.  Certainty-Doubt,  Clearness- 
Obscurity,  Heed-Disregard,  Organization-Dis- 
organization, Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

per-pleied'.  Puzzled.  Circle-Winding,  Clearness- 
Obscurity,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

per-plex'-ing.  Puzzling.  Certainty-Doubt,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility. 

per-plex'-i-ty.  Embarrassment.  Certainty-Doubt 
Clearness-Obscurity,  Difficulty-Facility,  Reg- 
ularity-Irregularity. 

per'-qui-site.     An  allowance.     Recompense-Punition 

per"-qui-si'-tion.  A  thorough  search.  Investiga- 
tion-Answer. 

per"-scru-ta'-tion.  A  thorough  searching.  Investi- 
gation-Answer. 

per'-se-cute.  To  harass.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Goodness-Badness,  Pleasurableness-Ma- 
levolence. 

per"-se-cu'-tion.  Oppression.  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence. 

per"-se-ver'-ance.  Persisting  in  what  is  undertaken. 
Activity-Indolence,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Deter- 
mination-Vacillation, Discontinuance-Continu- 
ance, Persistence-Whim. 

per"-se-vere' .     To  persist.     Persistence-Whim. 

per"-se-ver'-ing.     Persistent.     Persistence-Whim. 

Per-si'-des.  Children  of  Perseus.  Suspension-Sup- 
port. 

per"-si"-flage'.     Banter.     Society-Derision. 

per-sist'.  Endure.  Determination-Vacillation, 
Discontinuance  -Continuance,  Mutation -Per- 
manence, Persistence-Whim,  Recurrence. 

per-sist'-ence.  Perseverance.  Activity-Indolence, 
Discontinuance-Continuance,  Lastingness-Tran-' 
sientness,  Mutation-Permanence,  Persistence- 
Whim. 


PERSISTENCE— WHIM. 


Backbone.     Firmness    stability  of  purpose. 

Bottom      Power  of  endurance 

Bulldog  courage.      Stubborn  or  persevering  courage 

Constancy       Firmness  of  mind    unshaken  determination. 

Continuance.  A  remaining  in  a-particular  state  See  Continu- 
ance 

Firmness,  etc  The  quality  of  being  firm.  etc.  See  Mutability- 
Stability 

Game.     Unyielding  spirit. 


Boutode  [F  1     An  outbreak .  a  whim 

Capriccio  [It.l      A  caprice  or  fancy. 

Caprice.  An  abrupt  change  of  opinion,  feeling,  or  action  without 
sufficient  motive. 

Capriciousness.  Sudden  or  groundless  changes  of  mind.  See  Ad- 
jectives. 

Crotchet.     A  whimsical  notion. 

Escapade  [F.].  An  act  disregarding  the  rules  of  propriety  or  com- 
mon sense. 


PERSISTENCE. 


771 


PERSISTENCE— WHIM. 


Inde fatigability.     The  state  of  being  unflagging. 

Indefatigableness.     Persistency. 

Iteration.     Repetition. 

Patience.     The  exercise  of  sustained  endurance  and  perseverance. 

Permanence,  etc      Continuance  in  one  state  without  change,  etc. 

See  Mutation-Permanence. 
Perseverance.     Continued  pursuit  or  progress. 
Persistence.     The  state  of  being  determined. 
Pertinaciousness.     The  state  of  being  pertinacious  or  constant. 
Pertinacity.     Great  firmness  in  holding  to  a  thing  or  aim. 
Plodding.     Laborious  diligence. 
Pluck.     Indomitable  resolution. 
Sedulity.     Constant  application. 
Singleness  of  purpose.     Sincerity  of  purpose  or  persistence  in  one 

line. 
Stamina.     Power  of  endurance. 
Steadiness.     The  quality  of  being  steadfast. 
Tenacity  of  purpose.     Persistence  in  one's  aim  or  plan. 

Persistence — Verbs. 

Adhere  to.     To  hold  fast  to. 

Bear  up.     To  be  firm. 

Be  in  at  the  death.     In  hunting,  to  arrive  before  the  dogs  have  killed 

the  fox. 
Cling.     To  hold  on  firmly. 
Cling  to.     To  stick  at. 

Continue.     To  persevere  in  any  course,  etc.     See  Continuance. 
Die  in  harness.     To  continue  steadfast  to  the  end. 
Die  in  the  last  ditch.     To  die  rather  than  give  up. 
Follow  up.     To  pursue  diligently. 
Hold  on.     To  continue. 
Hold  out.     To  endure. 
Hold  up.     To  support  oneself. 
Keep  on.     To  persist. 

Keep  to  one's  course.  \  ™  .    c 

tr  f  m  X  To  remain  firm. 

Keep  to  ones  ground  > 

Keep  up.     To  continue  on. 


Maintain  one's  course.  1  ™ 

f  1  o  persis 


Maintain  one's  ground  J 

Persevere.     To  continue  in  one  course  despite  discouragement*  in 

order  to  attain  to  an  end. 
Persist.     To  continue  from  a  determination  not  to  give  up. 
Plod.     To  toil  or  study  laboriously  and  patiently. 
Stick  to.     To  persevere  in  holding  to. 

Stick  to  one's  text.     To  continue  in  the  same  course  or  manner. 
Stick  to  work,  etc.     To  continue  labor.    '  See  Toil. 

Persistence — Adjectives. 

Constant.     Unchangeably  fixed  ;  continuous. 

Game  to  the  last.      Unyielding  to  the  end. 

Indefatigable.     Unremitting  in  labor  or  effort. 

Indomitable.     That  cannot  be  subdued 

Industrious.  Assiduously  occupied  in  some  work  or  pursuit,  etc. 
See  Activity. 

Never  tiring.     Always  at  work. 

Persevering.     Continuing.     See  Verbs. 

Persistent.     Tenacious  of  purpose. 

Persisting.     Continuing  in  doing.     See  Verbs. 

Pertinacious.     Stubbornly  persistent. 

Plodding.     Working  laboriously      See  Verbs. 

Solid.     Firm 

Staunch.     Constant  and  zealous. 

Steadfast.     Firm  in  devotion  to  duty. 

Steady.     Constant  in  purpose. 

Steady  as  time.     Constant 

Strenuous,  etc.     Eagerly  pressing;  zealous,  etc.     See  Toil. 

Sturdy.     Resolute  in  a  good  sense :  having  an  unyielding  quaKty. 

True  to  oneself.     Unchangeable  in  purpose. 

Unchangeable,  etc.  Not  subject  to  change,  etc.  See  Mutability- 
Stability 

Unconquerable       Indomitable,  etc      See  Strenoth. 

Undeviating.      Not  deviating  or  turning  aside  from  its  course. 

Undrooping.     No*  to  be  dispirited  or  depressed. 

Unfaltering-     Not  hesitating  or  trembling. 

Unflagging      Not  languishing  or  drooping. 

Unflinching.     Not  failing  in  persevering  or  doing. 

Unintermitting       Not  being  interrupted. 

Unremitting.     Incessant. 

Unsleeping.     Vigilant 

Unswerving.      Not  departing  from  a  rule  of  duty. 

Untiring.      Never  becoming  weary  or  fatigued. 

Unwavering.     Fixed  in  opinion. 

Unwearied.     Persistent;  indefatigable. 


Fad.     A  freak  or  whim.  \ 

Fancy.     A  liking  or  fondness,  formed  by  caprice  rather  than  reasou. 

Fit.     A  passing  whim. 

Flimflam.     A  freak  or  trick. 

Freak.     A  sudden,  causeless  change  of  mind. 

Humor.     A  funny  turn  of  thought. 

Maggot.     An  odd  fancy. 

Prank.     A  mischievous  trick. 

Quirk.     A  smart  retort  or  artful  turn  for  evasion. 

Vagary.     A  wandering  of  the  thoughts;  a  fanciful  freak. 

Whim.     A  sudden  turn  or  deviation  of  the  mind  from  its  natural 

course. 
Whimsy.     A  fanciful  conceit  or  capricious  notion. 
Whimwham.     A  whim  or  whimsy. 
Wild-goose  chase.     The  pursuit  of  something  unattainable. 

Wh  im —  Verbs, 

Be  capricious.  To  be  subject  to  unexpected  changes  of  mind.  See 
Adjectives. 

Blow  hot  and  cold.  To  favor  a  thing  at  one  time  and  treat  it  coldly 
at  another. 

Have  a  maggot  in  the  brain.  To  have  a  whim  or  fancy;  be  capri- 
cious. 

Play  fantastic  tricks.     To  be  changeable  of  purpose. 

Play  fast  and  loose.     To  behave  or  deal  with  others  whimsically. 

Strain  at  a  gnat  and  swallow  a  camel.  To  scruple  at  doing  some 
small  thing  and  then  do  something  very  much  worse;  hence,  to 
act  contrary  to  reason.     [Bible.] 

Take  it  into  one's  head.     To  have  a  sudden  notion. 

Wh  i  m — A  djectives . 

Arbitrary.     Done  according  to  one's  own  will  or  caprice. 

Capricious.     Characterized  by  caprice 

Captious.     Given  to  finding  fault. 

Contrary.     Given  to  opposition. 

Crotchety.     Subject  to  whims  or  caprices. 

Eccentric.     Deviating  from  the  usual  course;  odd. 

Erratic.     Departing  from  the  common  course  in  conduct  or  opinion. 

Fanciful.     Guided  by  fancy  rather  than  reason  or  experience. 

Fantastical.     Whimsical  or  capricious. 

Fickle,  etc.  Having  a  very  changeable  mind,  etc.  See  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation. 

Fitful.     Characterized  by  fits  or  variableness. 

Freakish.     Given  to  sudden  changes  of  mind. 

Frivolous.     Marked  by  trifling. 

Full  of  whims.     Changeable.     See  Nouns. 

Giddy.     Unstable,  fickle,  heedless. 

Humorsome.     Whimsical  or  moody. 

Hysterical.  Affected  with  hysteria,  a  nervous  affection  occurring  in 
women. 

Inconsistent.     Not  uniform  in  opinion  or  action. 

Maggoty.     Full  of  caprices  or  whims. 

Particular.     Concerned  with  details;  fastidious. 

Penny-wise  and  pound-foolish.  Saving  small  sums  while  losing 
larger  ones. 

Skittish.     Changeable;  humorsome. 

Sleeveless.     Lacking  a  pretext ;  unreasonable. 

Unconformable.      Not  consistent. 

Volatile.     Changeable;  fickle. 

Wanton.     Straying  from  moral  rectitude. 

Wayward.     Disobedient;  perverse. 

Whimsical.     Full  of  whims. 

Whim — Adverbs,  etc. 

By  fits  and  starts.     Irregularly. 

Without  rhyme  or  reason.     Without  sound  or  sense. 

Wh?m — Phrases. 
Nil  fuit  unquam  sic  impar  sibi    [L.].     Nothing  was  ever  so  incon- 
sistent in  itself. 
The  deuce  is  in  him. 
Tourner  cosaque  [F.].     To  turn  one's  coat. 


PERSISTENCE— Continued. 
Persistence — Adverbs,  etc. 
At  any  price.     Bound  to  be  done. 
Per  fas  et  nefas  [I-.].     Through  right  and  wrong. 
Sink  or  swim.     Regardless  of  consequences. 

C:1^  «°0d~lThrgh  the  latest  difficu,. 
Through  thick  and  thin.  )      ties' 

Vogue  la  galere  [F  .J.     Forward,  come  what  may. 
Without  fail.     Certain. 


PERSISTENCE. 


772 


PERUKE. 


PERSISTENCE— Conlin  ued. 
Persistence — Phrases. 
tZ'OZ?"  an,"uni  [L  •'■     Either  conquer  or  die.  Tout  vient  i  temps  four  qui  sail  attendre  [L  1 

s~e7  "*  "  *"  [    -l     The  8Uard  dieS' *  doeS  n0t  reasonably  to  him  who  knows  how  To  wait 

Never  say  die.     Indomitable.  Vesttg,a  nulla  retrorsum  [h  I     No  footsteps  backward 


Everything  come* 


per-sist'-ent.  Determined.  Lastingness-Transient- 
ness,  Mutation-Permanence,  Persistence-Whim. 

per-sist'-ing.    Firmly  adhering.    Persistence-Whim. 

per'-son.  A  human  being;  a  form  of  the  verb.  Male- 
Female,  Substance-Nullity,  Verb;  without  dis- 
tinction of  persons,  Right-Wrong. 

per'-son-a-ble.  Attractive  in  person.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness. 

persona,  dramatis  [L.]  (per-so'-ni,  dram'-a-tis) .  Charac- 
ters represented  in  drama.     Acting,  Agent. 

per^-son-age.    A  person;   a  distinction.    Humanity. 

per'-son-al.  Belonging  to  a  person.  Humanity,  Male- 
Female,  Materiality-Spirituality,  Substance- 
Nullity,  Universality-Particularity;  personal 
estate,  Property;  personal  government,  Tyranny- 
Anarchy;  personal  narrative,  Account;  personal 
property,  Property;  personal  security,  Security. 

per"-son-al'-i-ty.  That  which  characterizes  a  person. 
Adulation  -  Disparagement,  Approval  -  Disap- 
proval, Humanity,  Male-Female,  Materiality- 
Spirituality,    Politeness-Impoliteness,  Regard- 


Disrespect,  Substance-Nullity,  Universality- 
Particularity. 

per'-son-al-ty.    Personal  property.    Property. 

per'-son-ate.  Represent.  Delineation-Caricature 
Imitation-Originality. 

per"-son-a'-tion.  Assuming  a  character.  Acting,  De- 
lineation-Caricature, Imitation-Originality  . 

per-son"-i-fi-ca'-tion.  Typical  representation.  De- 
lineation-Caricature, Rhetoric. 

per-son'-i-fy.  To  ascribe  to  a  thing  the  qualities  of  a 
person.    Delineation-Caricature,  Trope. 

per-spec'-tive.  Relating  to  vision.  Appearance-Dis- 
appearance, Expectation-Surprise,  Painting;  in 
perspective,  Length-Shortness. 

per"-spi-ca'-cious.    Quick-eyed.  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

per"-spi-cac'-i-ty.  Mental  penetration.  Sagacity-In- 
capacity, Sight-Blindness. 

per'-spi-ca-cy.    Penetration.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

per"-spi-cu'-i-ty.  Clearness  of  expression  and  style. 
Clearness  -  Obscurity,  Perspicuity  -Obscurity, 
Rhetoric. 


PERSPICUITY— OBSCURITY 


Definiteness.     The  state  of  being  definite;  precision 

Exactness,  etc.      Carefulness  in  method  and  conformity  to  truth,  etc. 

See  Truth. 
Perspicuity,  etc.     Clearness  in  the  expression  of  thought   etc.     See 

Clearness. 
Plain  speaking,  etc.     See  Manifestation. 

Perspicuity — Denotation 
Definition.     An  explanation  of  the  meaning  of  a  word  or  term. 
Perspicuity — Adjectives. 

Exact,  etc.     Scrupulously  careful  to  conform  to  a  rule  or  standard, 

etc.     See  Truth. 
Explicit,  etc       Set  forth  in  the  plainest  language,  so  that  it  cannot  be 

misunderstood,  etc      See  Manifestation 
Lucid,  etc      Clear;  easily  understood,  etc.     See  Clearness. 


Ambiguity,  etc.     Uncertainty  as  to  meaning,  etc.     See  Ambiguity 

Hard  words.     Words  difficult  to  understand 

Inexactness.      Lack  of  exactness 

Involution.     The  state  of  being  involved  or  complicated 

Obscurity,  etc.     The  quality  of  being  obscure  or  unintelligible,  etc 

See  Perspicuity-Obscurity. 
Vagueness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  vague  or  indefinite,  etc.    See  Cer 

TAINTY-DOUBT. 

What  d'ye  call  'em.     See  Word-Neology. 

Obscurity — Adjectives. 

Confused .  Rendered  indistinct  or  obscure. 

Crabbed.  Obscure :  perplexing. 

Involved.  Made  intricate  or  complicated. 

Obscure.  Not  easily  understood. 


per-spic'-u-ous.    Lucid.    Clearness-Obscurity. 

per-spi-ra'-tion.  Sweat.  Entrance-Exit,  Nutriment- 
Excretion;  in  a  perspiration,  Heat-Cold. 

per-spire'.  To  sweat.  Admission-Expulsion,  Anat- 
omy, Dampness-Dryness,  Entrance-Exit. 

per-stringe'.    To  touch.    Heed-Disregard. 

per-sua'-da-ble.  That  may  be  persuaded.  Readiness- 
Reluctance. 

per-suade'.  To  induce  by  argument  or  entreaty.  Faith- 
Misgiving,  Motive-Caprice. 

per-sua"-si-bil'-i-ty.  Capable  of  being  persuaded.  Mo- 
tive-Caprice, Readiness-Reluctance. 

per-sua'-si-ble.    Persuasive.     Readiness-Reluctance. 

per-sua'-si-ble-ness.  The  quality  of  being  persuasible. 
Motive-Caprice,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

per-sua'-sion.  A  persuading;  a  motive.  Education- 
Misteaching,  Faith-Misgiving,  Motive-Caprice; 
religious  persuasion,  Theology. 

per-sua'-sive.  Tending  to  persuade.  Motive-Caprice; 
persuasive  reasoning,   Ratiocination-Instinct. 

per-sua'-sive-ness.    Eloquence.    Motive-Caprice. 

pert.  Smart;  saucy.  Conceit-Diffidence,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness, Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

per-tain'  to.  Relate  to.  Admission-Exclusion,  Con- 
nection-Independence, Duty-Dereliction,  Hold- 
ing-Exemption, Might-Impotence,  Property. 


perte de  vue,  a  [F.]  (pert  de  vii,  a).  Beyond  one's  view. 
Remoteness-Nearness,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

per"-ti-na'-cious.    Persistent.    Persistence-Whim. 

per"-ti-na'-cious-ness.  Persistency.  Persistence- 
Whim. 

per-ti-nac'-i-ty.  Obstinacy  in  adherence.  Persistence- 
Whim. 

per'-ti-na-cy.  Unyielding  tenacity.  Persistence- 
Whim. 

per'-ti-nence.     Fitness.     Harmony-Discord. 

per'-ti-nen-cy.   Fitness.    Harmony-Discord. 

per'-ti-nent.  Appropriate  to  the  case.  Connection- 
Independence,  Harmony-Discord. 

per'-ti-nent-ly.  In  a  fit  manner.  Connection-Inde- 
pendence, Harmony-Discord. 

per-tin'-gent.   Touching.    Interspace-Contact. 

pert'-ness.  Sauciness.  Presumption-Obsequious* 
ness. 

per-turb'.  To  agitate.  Excitation,  Organization- 
Inorganization. 

per"-tur-ba'-tion.  The  act  of  disturbing.  Agitation, 
Astronomy,  Emotion,  Excitability- Inexcita- 
bility.  Excitation,  Organization-Disorganiza- 
tion, Sanguineness-Timidity,  Vigor-Inertia. 

per-tu'-sion.    The  act  of  piercing.    Aperture-Closurb. 

per-uke'.  A  wig.   Dress-Undress. 


PERUSAL. 


773 


PETITION— EXPOSTULATION. 


pe-ru'-sal.    A  careful  reading.    Education-Learning. 

pe-ruse'.  To  read  with  attention.  Education-Learn- 
ing. 

per-vade'.  To  be  in  all  parts.  Dominance-Impotence, 
Presence-Absence;  pervade  the  soul,  Excita- 
tion. 

per-va'-ding.  Permeating.  Emotion;  pervading  spirit, 
Affections. 

per-va'-sion.    Permeation.    Presence-Absence. 

per-verse'.  Obstinate  in  wrong.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Favorite-Moroseness,  Po- 
liteness-Impoliteness. 

per-ver'-sion.  A  diverting  from  the  proper  use.  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration, Education-Miste  ach- 
ing, Godliness-Ungodliness,  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation,  Ratiocination  -  Casuistry, 
Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

per-ver'-si-ty.  Perverseness.  Favorite-Moroseness, 
Politeness-Impoliteness. 

per'-vert.  To  corrupt.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Bigotry-Apostasy,  Conversion,  Education-Mis- 
teaching,  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Interpreta- 
tion-Misinterpretation, Ratiocination-Instinct, 
Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

per-vert'-ed.  Corrupted  Orthodoxy -Heterodoxy, 
Truth-Error. 

per-ves"-ti-ga'-tion.  Thorough  investigation.  Inves- 
tigation-Answer. 

per"-vi-ca'-cious .   Obstinate.    Bigotry-Apostasy. 

per"-vi-cac'-i-ty.    Stubbornness.    Bigotry-Apostasy. 

per'-vi-ca-cy.    Stubbornness.    Bigotry-Apostasy. 

pervigilium  [L.]  (per-vi-jii'-i-um).  A  watching  all  night. 
Activity-Indolence. 

per'-vi-ous.  That  may  be  penetrated.  Aperture- 
Closure. 

pe-se'-ta.    Coin.    Values. 

pes'-si-mism.  Complaining  that  everything  is  for  the 
worst.  Lightheratedness-De.iection,  Overvalua- 
tion-Undervaluation,    Sanguineness-Hopeless- 

NES3. 


pes'-si-mist.  One  who  always  looks  for  the  worst. 
Bravery-Cowardice. 

pes'-so-man"-cy.  Divination  with  pebbles.  Proph- 
ecy. 

pessoribus  orti  [L.]  (pes-sor'-i-bus  or'-tai) .  A  nobody. 
Gentility-Commonalty. 

pest.  Plague.  Pleasurableness  -Painfulness, 
Remedy-Bane. 

pes'-ter.    Tease.    Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

pes'-ter-ing.  Annoying.  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness. 

pest'-house".  A  house  for  persons  having  contagious 
diseases.     Remedy-Bane. 

pes-tif'-er-ous.  Carrying  pestilence.  Healthiness- 
Unhealthiness. 

pes'-ti-lence.  A  plague.  Goodness-Badness,  Health- 
Sickness. 

pes'-ti-lent.  Pernicious;  harboring  disease.  Healthi- 
ness-Unhealthiness. 

pes"-ti-len'-tial.  Breeding  pestilence.  Healthinkss- 
Unhealthiness. 

pes'-tle.  An  instrument  for-pounding  things  in  a  mor- 
tar.   Pestle  and  mortar,  Friability. 

pet.  A  tame,  fondled  animal.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Blandishment,  Favorite-Anger. 

pe-tard'.  A  device  for  blowing  up  works.  Weapon; 
hoist  on  one's  own  petard,  Reprisal-Resistance, 
Success-Failure. 

Pe'-ter.  One  of  the  twelve  Apostles.  Borrow  of  Peter  to 
pay  Paul,  Loan-Borrowing;  rob  Peter  to  pay  Paul, 
Right-Wrong,  Theft. 

petit  maitre  [F.]  (pe-tf  metr).  A  fop.  Society-Affbc- 
tation,  Society-Dandy. 

petite  dame  [F.]  (pe-tif  dam).  A  prostitute.  Purity- 
Rake. 

petitio  principii  [L.]  (pe-tish'-i-o  prin-sip'-i-ai) ;  A  beg- 
ging o(  the  question.    Ratiocination-Casuistry. 

pe-ti'-tiou.  A  request.  Devotion-Idolatry,  Peti- 
tion-Expostulation. 


PETITION— EXPOSTULATION. 


Address.     A  formal  communication,  usually  of  some  length. 

Apostrophe.     An  address  to  an  absent  person  or  thing. 

Appeal.     An  urgent  request  for  help. 

Application.     A  formal  request,  as  for  a  position. 

Asking.     The  act  of  asking.     See  Verbs. 

Begging.     The  act  of  asking  for  alms. 

Begging-letter.  A  letter  sent  around  making  request  for  gifts  of 
money,  etc. 

Canvass.     The  act  of  going  around  soliciting  votes  and  the  like. 

Claim.     To  demand  as  being  due  one  by  right. 

Entreaty.     A  very  earnest  request,  more  personal  than  an  appeal. 

Imploration.     The  act  of  seeking  with  tears. 

Importunity.     The  act  of  seeking  urgently  and  persistently. 

Imprecation.     The  act  of  praying  that  evil  may  befall. 

Incantation.  The  saying  or  singing  of  magical  words  as  a  means  of 
enchantment. 

Instance.     The  act  of  seeking  by  suggestion. 

Interpellation.  A  formal  demand  for  an  official  statement  in  matters 
of  government. 

Invitation.     A  courteous  solicitation  to  come. 

Invocation.  The  act  of  calling  upon  earnestly  and  solemnly  for  aid 
or  protection. 

Mendicancy.     The  condition  of  being  mendicant.     See  Adjectives. 

Motion.  A  formal  proposal  or  suggestion,  usually  one  made  in  a  de- 
liberative assembly.  * 

Obsecration.     An  oratorical  appeal  for  divine  or  human  aid. 

Obtestation.     Earnest  entreaty. 

Orison.     An  earnest  prayer ;  used  chiefly  in  poetry. 

Overture.  The  act  of  seeking  something  by  making  certain  prelim- 
inary proposals. 

Petition.  A  formal  request,  usually  made  to  persons  in  authority, 
and  for  ordinary  wants. 

Postulation.     Supplication 

Prayer.     A  request :  usually  one  made  to  the  Supreme  Being. 

Request.  The  act  of  asking  for  something  in  a  courteous  and  formal 
manner. 


Deprecation.  Prayer  or  petition  for  the  averting  of  some  threaten- 
ing evil. 

Expostulation.  Pleading  or  entreating  with  another  against  sorrw 
proposed  action  or  course  of  conduct. 

Intercession.     Prayer  or  entreaty  in  behalf  of  another. 

Mediation.     The  act  of  seeking  to  reconcile  those  who  are  at  variance. 

Expostulation — Verbs. 

Deprecate.     To  pray  or  entreat  against  some  threatening  evil. 

Enter  a  protest.     To  make  a  formal  and  written  protest  or  objection 

against. 
Expostulate.     To  argue  with.     See  Nouns. 
Intercede  for.     To  make  entreaty  in  behalf  of  another. 
Protest.     To  make  positive  and  usually  formal  objection  to. 

Expostulation — A  djectives. 

Deprecated,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Deprecatory.     Serving  or  tending  to  avert  evil. 

Expostulatory.     Containing  or  expressing  expostulation. 

Intercessory.     Containing  or  expressing  intercession. 

Mediatorial.     Serving  to  mediate. 

Protested.     Objected  to. 

Unasked.      Without  asking  for. 

Unbesought.     Unasked. 

Unsought.     Unasked  for. 

Expostulation — Interjections. 
Cry  you  mercy!     far  be  it  froml     forbid    it    heavenl     God  forbid! 
hands  off!      heaven  forbid!     heaven  forefend!     lonee  absit   [L.\ 
Far  be  it. 


PETITION— Continued. 

Requisition.     An  authoritative  demand. 

Rogation.     A  formal  request ;  used  chiefly  of  governmental  bodies. 


PETITION. 


774 


PETITIONER. 


PETITION— Continued. 

R°"Qd  robin.     A  petition  with  signatures  written  in  a  circle.  Suit,     The  act  of  suing.     See  Verbs. 

Supplication.     A  prayer  of  the  greatest  earnestness  and  intensity- 


Solicitation.     An  earnest  and  persistent  request. 


Petition — Verbs. 


Address  a  petition.     To  make  a  formal  written  supplication. 

Address  a  prayer.     To  entreat. 

Address  a  request.     To  ask  from 

Adjure.     To  entreat  most  earnestly. 

Appeal  to.     To  make  an  earnest  supplication  to. 

Apply  to.     To  make  formal  request  of. 

Ask.     To  express  a  wish  for  something  to  another. 

Beg.     To  ask  with  importunity. 

Beg  a  boon.     To  beg  a  favor  or  gift. 

Beg  from  door  to  door.     To  be  reduced  to  the  lowest  extremity. 

Beg  hard.     To  beg  persistently. 

Beg  leave.     To  ask  permission. 

Beg  one's  bread.     To  be  in  the  condition  of  a  beggar. 

Beseech.     To  entreat  humbly  but  with  great  earnestness. 

Beset.     To  seek  or  urge  upon  in  such  a  manner  as  to  embarrass. 

Besiege.     To  seek  to  capture  by  laying  siege  to. 

Bespeak.     To  ask  for  in  advance. 

Bid  for.     To  ask  for. 

Cadge.     To  get  by  begging. 

Call  for.     To  require. 

Call  to.     To  summon  to  the  discharge  of  some  particular  duty. 

Call  upon.     To  entreat  or  beseech. 

Canvass.     To  go  around  seeking  votes  and  the  like. 

Claim.     To  demand  as  belonging  by  right. 

Clamor  for.     To  make  demand  for  noisily  and  persistently. 

Come  down  on  one's  marrow-bones.     To  beg,  kneeling. 

Conjure.     To  entieat  earnestly. 

Court.     To  seek  the  favor  of. 

Crave.     To  ask  for  humbly  but  persistently. 

Cry  aloud.     To  ask  for  with  a  loud  voice. 

Cry  for  help.     To  be  in  great  distress 

Cry  to.     To  ask  help. 

Dance  attendance  on.     To  seek  the  favor  of  by  continual  service. 

Dun.     To  demand  or  repeatedly  demand  payment. 

Entreat.     To  make  an  earnest  request.  % 

Evoke.     To  call  or  summon  forth. 

Fall  on  one's  knees.     To  entreat  or  pray  to. 

Go  a-begging.     To  solicit  in  charity. 

Impetrate.     To  gain  by  entreaty. 

Implore.     To  seek  with  weeping. 

Importune.     To  ask  for  persistently. 


Imprecate.     To  pray  that  evil  may  befall. 
Invite.     To  ask  to  come. 

Invoke.     To  call  upon  earnestly  and  solemnly  for  aid  or  protectior 
Kneel  to.     To  entreat. 

Knock  at  the  door.     To  make  a  request  upon. 
Make  a  petition.     To  solicit. 
Make  application.     To  apply. 
Make  a  prayer.     To  ask  humbly. 
Make  a  request.     To  express  one's  desire. 
Make  a  requisition.     To  demand. 
Make  bold  to  ask.     To  make  an  appeal  to. 
Make  interest.     To  seek  favor. 
Mendicate.     To  beg. 

Mump.     To  play  the  beggar.  • 

Obtest.     To  address  with  earnest  entreaty. 
Offer  up  prayers.     To  beseech  God. 
Petition      To  formally  ask  or  request. 
Plead.     To  seek  to  gain  by  argument  or  persuasion- 
Ply.     To  request  or  ask  importunately. 
Pop  the  question.     To  propose  marriage. 
Pray.     To  petition  devoutly  or  earnestly. 
Prefer  a  petition.     To  formally  present  a  petition. 
Prefer  a  prayer.     To  make  a  formal  prayer. 
Prefer  a  request.     To  make  a  formal  request. 
Press.     To  seek  or  urge  upon  persistently. 
Publish  the  banns.     To  give  public  notice  of  a  marriage. 
Put  to.     To  press  hard  upon  J  urge. 
Put  up  a  petition.  1 

Put  up  a  prayer.    >  To  offer  a  petition. 
Put  up  a  request. ) 

Request.     To  ask  in  a  courteous  manner.     See  Nouns. 
Seek.     To  endeavor  to  get  what  is  desired  by  any  means  whatever. 
Send  the  riat  round.     To  collect. 
Solicit.     To  ask  for  earnestly  and  persistently. 
Sue.     To  endeavor  to  persuade  by  entreaty;  to  follow  up. 
Supplicate.     To  pray  with  the  greatest  fervency,  kneeling. 
Tax.     To  make  demands  upon. 

Throw  oneself  at  the  feet  of.     To  take  an  attitude  of  supplication. 
Trouble  one  for.     To  ask  for. 
Urge.     To  entreat  or  importune. 
Whistle  for.     To  call  or  summon  by  whistling. 


Petition — Adjectives. 


Cap  in  hand.     Submissive  or  set  vile. 

Clamorous.     Making  or  made  with  any  loud,  repeated  outcry. 

Importunate.      Persistent  in  entreaty. 

Mendicant.     Reduced  to  beggary. 

On  one's  bended  knees.  \ 

On  one's  knees.  >  In  an  attitude  of  supplication. 

On  one's  marrow-bones  J 

Petition — Adverbs,  etc. 


Precatory.     Given  to  entreaty. 

Requesting,  etc.     Asking  with  authority.     See  Verbs. 

SupptcaM.}  Asking  or  entreatin8  fervently. 
Supplicatory.     Expressing  supplication. 
Urgent.     Eagerly  importunate  or  insistent. 


Be  good  enough.)  Be  kind. 
Be  so  good  as.     ) 

Do.     An  expression  of  entreaty. 

Have  the  goodness,  "i 

If  you  please.  V Forms  of  polite  request  or  entreaty. 

I  pray  thee.  ) 


Dieu  vous  garde  [F.[J      God  guard  you. 
Dirige  nos ,  Domine  [L.J.     Lord  direct  us. 
For  God's  sake. 


p      s  *  |  Forms  of  polite  request  or  entreaty. 

Prithee.     I  pray  thee. 
Vouchsafe.     Graciously  bestow. 
Will  you.     A  form  of  request. 


Petit  i  o  n — Phrases . 


For  goodness*  sake. 
For  heaven's  sake. 
For  mercy's  sake. 


pe-ti'-tion-ef .   One  who  asks.    Petitioner. 

PETITIONER. 

Applicant.     One  who  applies  for  anything. 

Aspirant.     One  who  eagerly  seeks  something. 

Beggar.     One  who  begs  or  depends  on  others  for  support. 

Bidder.     One  who  offers  a  price  for  something. 

Cadger.     Itinerant  huckster. 

Candidate.     One  who  puts  himself  forward  or  is  put  forward  as  an 

aspirant  for  an  office  or  honor. 
Canvasser.     One  who  canvasses  or  solicits  by  traversing  a  district. 
Claimant.     One  who  claims  something  as  a  right. 


Competitor.    A  person  who  seeks  or  claims  something  that  is  sought  of 

claimed  by  another. 
Mendicant.     A  beggar  or  a  begging  friar. 
Mumper.     A  beggar. 

Petitioner.    One  who  petitions  or  solicits;  one  who  presents  a  petition. 
Place-hunter.     A  persistent  aspirant  for  public  office. 
Postulant,     One  who  demands;  a  candidate. 
Pot-hunter.     A  sportsman  who  shoots  anything  he  comes  across 

without  regard  to  the  rules  of  the  sport,  being  anxious  only  to  fill 

his  bag. 
Prizer.     One  who  contests  for  a  prize. 

Solicitor.     One  who  entreats  or  asks  earnestly,  especially  for  another 
Suitor.     One  who  sues;  a  wooer;  a  petitioner. 


PETITIONER. 


775 


PHILIP; 


Suppliant.     One  who  humbly  entreats. 
Supplicant.     A  petitioner  who  earnestly  entreats  or  asks 
Sturdy  beggar.   A  strong,  lusty  fellow  who  gains  his  living  by  begging 
Touter.     One  who  loiters  about  places  frequented  by  tourists,  to  ren- 
der services  or  to  secure  their  patronage  for  a  particular  inn. 

pet'-rel.     A  sea-bird.     Warning. 

pet"-ri-fac'-tion.     Fossilization.     Solidity-Rarity. 

pet'-ri-fy.  To  convert  into  stone.  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance, Excitation,  Hardness-Softness,  Heat- 
ing-Cooling, Sanguineness-Timidity,  Solidity- 
Rarity. 

pe-tro'-le-um.  A  liquid  mineral  pitch.  Pulpiness- 
Rosin. 

pitroleur  [F.]  (pe"-tro-lur') .  Incendiary  using  petro- 
leum.    Tyranny-Anarchy. 

petroleu.se  [F.]  (pg-tro-luz') .  One  who  uses  petroleum 
for  incendiary  purposes.     Heating-Cooling. 

pet-rol'-o-gy.     Science  of  rocks.     Geology. 

pet'-ro-nel.     A  firearm.     Weapon. 

pet'-ti-coat.  A  woman's  undergarment.  Dress-Un- 
dress, Male-Female;  petticoat  government,  Rule- 
License,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

pet'-ti-fog"-ger.     An  inferior  lawyer.     Advocate. 

pet'-ti-fog"-ging.  Paltry;  mean.  Ratiocination-Cas- 
uistry, Uprightness-Dishonesty,  Variance-Ac- 
cord. 

pet'-tish.     Peevish.     Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

petto,  in  [It.]  (pet'-to,  in).  Within  the  breast.  Con- 
ception-Theme, Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Mind- 
Imbecility,  Purpose-Luck. 

pet'-ty.  Of  little  worth.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Greatness-Littleness;  petty  cash,  Money; 
petty  larceny,  Theft;  petty  sessions,  Tribunal; 
petty  treason,  Insubordination-Obedience. 

pet'-u-lance.  Peevishness.  Favorite-Quarrelsome- 
ness, Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

pet'-u-lant.  Fretful.  Favorite-Quarrelsomeness, 
Force- Weakness. 

pea  de  chose  [F.]  (pu  de  shoz).  A  trifle.  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance. 

pen  s  en  jaut  [F.]  (pu  son-  fo).  Magnitude-Small- 
ness. 

pent,  celui  qui  vent  celui  la  [F.]  (pu,  se-lwl  ki  vu 
se-lwi'  la).  Who  has  the  will,  he  has  the  skill. 
Determination  -  Vacillation,  Skill  -  Unskilful- 

NESS. 

pew.  An  enclosed  seat  in  a  church.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Fane. 

pew'-ter.  An  alloy  consisting  of  tin  and  lead,  but 
sometimes  containing  antimony,  bismuth,  and  cop- 
per.    Mixture-Homogeneity. 

pfennig  [G.]  (fen'-ig).     Coin.     Values. 

pha'-e-ton.     A  carriage.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

pha-lan'-ges.     Bones  of  fingers  and  toes.     Anatomy. 

pha'-lanx.  A  compact  body  of  soldiers.  Association, 
Belligerent. 

phan'-tasm.  A  specter.  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Fancy,  Sight-Dimsightedness. 

phan-tas'-ma.  A  day-dream.  Sight-Dimsighted- 
ness. 

phan-tas"-ma-go'-ri-a.  An  optical  effect  produced  by 
a  magic  lantern.     Appearance-Disappearance. 

phan'-ta-sy.     Fancy.     Conception-Theme,  Fancy. 

phan'-tom.  An  apparition.  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Fancy,  Sight-Dimsightedness,  Substance- 
Nullity. 

Pha'-raoh.     King  of  Egypt.     Tyranny-Anarchy. 

phar"-i-sa'-ic-al.  Like  the  Pharisees.  Godliness- 
Ungodliness,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

phar'-i-sa"-ism.  Hypocrisy.  Godliness-Ungodliness, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

Phar'-i-see.  A  Jew  strict  in  the  externals  of  religion. 
Godliness-Ungodliness,  Gull- Deceiver. 

phar"-ma-ceu'-tics.     Pharmacy.     Remedy-Bane. 


phar"-ma-col'-o-gy.  The  science  of  medicines.  Rem- 
edy-Bane. 

phar"-ma-cop'-c-list.     A  druggist.     Remedy-Bane. 

phar'-ma-cy.  The  art  of  compounding  medicines. 
Remedy-Bane. 

Pha'-ros.  An  old  lighthouse  on  the  island  of  Pharos ;  a 
lighthouse.     Sign. 

phase.  Aspect.  Appearance-Disappearance,  As- 
tronomy, Condition-Situation,  Conversion-Re- 
version, Form-Formlessness;  assume  a  new  phase, 
Conversion-Reversion;  have  many  phases,  Muta- 
bility-Stability; view  in  all  its  phases,  Investiga- 
tion-Answer. 

pha'-sis.     Aspect.     Appearance-Disappearance. 

phas'-ma.     A  phantom.     Sight-Dimsightedness. 

phe-nom'-en-on.  An  appearance.  Appearance-- 
Disappearance,  Occurrence-Destiny,  Phenom- 
enon. 

PHENOMENON. 

Curiosity.     Any  object  that  arouses  inquiry  and  fastens  attention. 

Gazing-stock.     Anything  gazed  at  with  curiosity  or  contempt. 

Marvel.     Anything  exciting  wonder. 

Miracle.  Anything  wonderful  or  amazing;  a  supernatural  event  or 
happening. 

Phenomenon.  That  which  strikes  one  as  strange,  unusual,  or  unac- 
countable. 

Portent.     A  momentous  event.     See  Portent. 

Prodigy.  Something  unusual  or  extraordinary  causing  wonder  or 
surprise. 

Sight.     Something  strange  and  worthy  of  notice. 

Sign.  A  remarkable  event,  considered  by  the  ancients  as  indicating 
the  will  of  some  deity. 

Spectacle.     A  grand  display. 

Wonder.     An  unaccountable  thing. 

Wonderment.     A  wonderful  thing. 

Phenomenon — Denotations. 

Annus  mirabilis  [L.J.     The  wonderful  year. 

Bursting  of  a  bomb.  I  Something  resembling  an  explosion  of  a  bomb 

Bursting  of  a  shell,  i       in  suddenness  and  effectiveness. 

Coup  de  theatre  [P.].     A  theatrical  effect. 

Dignus  vindice  nodus  [L.].     A  knot  worthy  to  be  untied. 

Jeu  de  theatre  [F.J.     A  stage  trick. 

Lion.     An  object  of  interest  and  curiosity,  especially  a  person  who  is 

so  regarded. 
Monster.     Something  of  unnatural  size  shape,  or  quality.     See  Con- 

ventionality-Unconventionality. 
Peal  of  thunder.     A  loud  and  sudden  crash,  as  of  thunder. 
Saint  Elmo's  fire.     A  luminous  flame-like  appearance,  sometimes  seen 

in  dark,  tempestuous  nights,  at  some  prominent  point  on  a  ship. 
Thunderbolt.     Something  resembling  lightning  in  suddenness  and 

effectiveness. 
Thunderclap.     A  sharp  burst  of  thunder. 
Volcanic  eruption.     A  violent  throwing  out  of  flames,  lava,  etc.,  from 

a  volcano. 
What  no  words  can  paint.     An  object,  effect,  or  feeling  that  cannot  be 

described. 
Wonders  of  the  world.     Things  of  uncommon  interest,  usually  said  to 

be  seven. 
Xiphopagus.     A  double  monster. 

Phenomenon — Phrase 
Natura  it  fece  e  poi  roppe  la  stampa  [It. J.     Nature  made  him,  and 
then  broke  the  mold. 

?hi'-al.     A  glass  bottle.     Contents-Receiver. 
'hid'-i-as.     A  famous  Greek  sculptor.     Artist. 
phi-lan'-der.     Make  love.     Blandishment. 
phil"-an-throp'-ic.       Benevolent.       Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 
phi-Ian'- thrc-pist.       A    benevolent    man.        Humani- 

TARIANISM-MlSANTHROPY. 

phi-lan'-thrc-py.  The  love  of  mankind.  Charitable- 
ness -  Malevolence,  Humanitarianism  -  Misan- 
thropy. 

phil'-i-beg.     A  kilt.     Dress-Undresp. 

Philip  drunk  to  Philip  sober.  Appeal  from  Philip  drunk 
to  Philip  sober,  Betterment-Deterioration. 


PHILIPPIC. 


776 


PHYLACTERY. 


phi-lip'-pic.      Any  invective  speech.      Approval-Dis- 
approval. 
Phi-lis'-tine.         Sordid.  Gentility-Commonalty, 

Knowledge-Ignorance. 
phi-lol'-o-gist.       An  expert  in  linguistics.     Scholar- 
Dunce. 
phi-lol'-o-gy.     The  study  of  languages  in   connection 
with  history  and   literature.     Grammar- Solecism, 
Language. 
phil'-o-math.     A  scholar.     Scholar-Dunce. 
phil'-o-mel.     The  nightingale.     Musician. 
phi-los'-o-pher.      A  student  of  philosophy.      Scholar- 
Dunce;  philosopher's  stone,  Faultlessness-Fault- 
iness,  Remedy-Bane. 
phil"-o-soph'-ic.      Rational.     Excitability  -Inexcit- 

ability. 
phil"-o-soph'-ic-al.       According  to  philosophy.       Ex- 

citability-In excitability,  Reflection- Vacancy. 
phi-los'-o-phy.     Principles  of  science.     Excitability- 
Inexcitability,     Knowledge-Ignorance;      moral 
philosophy,    Mind-Imbecility;     philosophy    of    the 
mind,  Mind-Imbecility. 
phil'-ter.     A  love-potion.     Devotion-Charm. 
phiz.      Face.      Anteriority- Posteriority,  Appear- 
ance-Disappearance. 
phle-bot'-o-my.        Bloodletting.        x\dmission-Expul- 

sion,  Remedy-Bane. 
phlegm.     The    thick    viscid    matter    discharged    by 
coughing.       Sensitiveness- Apathy,       Viscidity- 
Foam. 
phleg-mat'-ic.     Abounding  with  phlegm.      Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy, Unconcern. 
phlo-gis'-tic.     Pertaining  to  phlogiston.     Heat-Cold. 
pho.     An  interjection.     Adage-Nonsense. 
Phoe'-bus.     The   sun-god.        Luminary -Shade,   Uni- 
verse. 
phce'-nix.      A  fabulous  bird.      Conventionality-Un- 
conventionality,  Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Re- 
newal, Renovation-Relapse. 
phonanta     sunetoisi     [Gr.]      (fo-nan'-ta     syn-e'-toi-si) . 

A  word  to  the  wise.     Clearness-Obscurity. 
pho-net'-ic.      Relating  to  the  representation  of  sounds 
by    letters.      Expectation  -  Surprise,    Sound -Si- 
lence, Speech-Inarticulateness;    phonetic  spell- 
ing, Letter. 
phon'-ics.     The  science  of  sounds.     Sound-Silence. 
pho'-no-graph .     An  instrument  which  records  sounds 

and  reproduces* them.     Hearing-Deafness. 
pho-nog'-ra-phy.      A  representation  of  sounds.      Let- 
ter, Sound-Silence,  Writing-Printing. 
pho-nol'-o-gy.        Science  of  vocai   sounds.        Sound- 
Silence,  Vocalization-Muteness. 
phos"-phor-es'-cence.     A    faint    light    without    heat. 

Light-Darkness,  Luminary-Shade. 
phos"-phor-es'-cent.     Luminous  without  heat.    Light- 
Darkness,  Luminary-Shade. 
phos-phor'-ic.     Phosphorescent.     Luminary-Shade. 
phos'-phor-us.      A  combustible  substance  exhibiting  a 

faint  light  in  the  dark.      Luminary-Shade. 
pho"-to-gen'-ic.     Photographic.     Light-Darkness. 
pho'-to-graph.        A  likeness.        Delineation-Carica- 
ture, Likeness-Unlikeness,  Painting. 
pho-tog'-ra-phy.     The    art    of     producing     pictures. 
Light-Darkness,  Painting,  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 
pho"-to-gra-vure'.        A  process  in   engraving.        En- 
graving. 
pho"-to-lith'-o-graph.      To  produce  a  printing-surface 

on  stone.     Engraving. 
pho"-to-lith-og'-ra-phy.       The  art  of  photolithograph- 

ing.      Engraving. 
pho-tol'-o-gy.      The  science  of   light.      Light-Dark- 
ness. 
pho-tom'-e-ter.     An  instrument  for  measuring  the  in- 


tensity of  light.  Light-Darkness,  Optical  In- 
struments. 

pho-tom'-e-try.  Science  of  measuring  the  intensity  of 
light.     Light-Darkness. 

pho'-to-sphere.  The  visible  shining  surface  of  a  planet. 
Universe. 

phrase.  A  brief  expression.  Melody-Dissonance, 
Phrase,  Rhetoric,  Trope,  Word-Neology. 

PHRASE. 

Expression.     A  form  of  words  conveying  an  idea  or  sentiment;  mode 

of  speech. 
Figure  of  speech.      A  mode  of  expressing  abstract  ideas  by  words 

which  suggest  pictures  or  images  from  the  physical  world.     See 

Trope. 
Idiom.     The  structural  form  peculiar  to  any  language,  especially  if  it 

be  an  irregularity. 
Idiotism.     The  mode  of  expression  of  a  particular  language  or  person. 
Motto.     A  short,  suggestive  expression  of  a  guiding  principle.     See 

Adage. 
Paragraph.     A  distinct  part  of  a  discourse  or  writing. 
Paraphrase,  etc.     A  setting  forth  the  signification  of  a  text  in  other 

and  ampler  terms. 
Periphrase,  etc.     A  roundabout  or  indirect  way  of  speaking. 
Phrase.     A  mode  or  form  of  expression. 
Phraseology,  etc.     Style  of  expression  or  peculiarity  of  diction,  etc. 

See  Style. 
Sentence.     A  combination  of  words  which  expresses  a  thought. 
Set  phrase.     A  regular  or  formal  mode  of  expression. 
Turn  of  expression.     Form  of  expression. 

Phrase—  Verbs. 
Arrange  in  words. \  „      .  ._. 

Clothe  in  words,    i  To  glve  e*P"*s,on  *"  °ne  »  thought.. 
Couch  in  terms.     To  express  in  words. 
Express.     To  utter;  denote;  designate. 
Express  by  words. 

Find  words  to  express.      -,  ,    .         ,      ,       .    , 

Give  expression  to.         [  To  exPress  what  one  has  ,n  mind- 
Give  words  to. 

Phrase.     To  express  in  proper  words. 
Put  into  words.     To  speak. 

Speak  by  the  card.     To  speak  correctly  or  from  definite  information. 
Word.    >_  .. 

Word  it  >        express  in  words. 

Phrase — Adjectives. 
Expressed.     Uttered  in  words.     See  Verbs. 
Idiomatic.     Conforming  to  idiom . 

Phrase — Adverbs,  etc. 
In  good  set  terms.     Accurately  expressed. 
In  round  terms.     Plainly. 
In  set  phrases.     In  formal  language. 
In  set  terms.     Formally. 

phrase'-mon-ger.  A  wordy  speaker  or  writer.  Sim- 
plicity-Floridness. 

phra"-se-ol'-o-gy.  Mode  of  speech.  Language, 
Phrase,  Rhetoric,  Style. 

phren-et'-ic.  Pertaining  to  phrenitis.  Saneness- 
Lunacy. 

phren-i'-tis.     Brain  fever.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

phre-nol'-o-gy.  Science  of  the  mind.  Mind-Imbe- 
cility. 

phren"-o-typ'-ics.  Science  of  memory.  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness. 

phren'-sy.  Violent  excitement;  frenzy.  Excitabil- 
ity-Inexcitability,  Fancy,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

phren'-sied.     Frenzied;  mad.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

Phry'-ne.  A  celebrated  Athenian  hetasra.  Purity- 
Rake. 

phthi"-so-zo'-ics.  The  art  of  destroying  hurtful  ani- 
mals. Domestication- Agriculture,  Life -Kill- 
ing. 

phy-lac'-ter-ic.  Charm-like.  Adage-No\s;:nse, 

Devotion-Magic. 

phy-lac'-ter-y.  A  charm  to  protect  from  danger. 
Adage-Nonsense,  Devotion-Charm. 


PHYLOGENY. 


777 


PIED. 


phy-iog'-e-ny.     History  of  evolution.     Biology. 

phys'-ic.  Art  of  healing.  Remedy-Bane,  Renova- 
tion-Relapse. 

phys'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  nature.  Materiality- 
Spirituality;  physical  crystallography,  Mineral- 
ogy; physical  education,  Education-Misteaching, 
Materiality-Spirituality;  physical  force,  Coer- 
cion, Strength-Weakness;  physical  pain,  Sen- 
suality-Suffering; physical  pleasure,  Sensuality- 
Suffering;  physical  science,  Materiality-Spir- 
ituality; physical  sensibility,  Feeling-Insensi- 
bility, Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

phy-si'-cian.     Doctor.     Advice,  Remedy-Bane. 

phys'-i-cist.  A  specialist  in  physics.  Materiality- 
Spirituality. 

phys'-ics.  The  science  of  nature.  Materiality- 
Spirituality. 

phys"-i-og'-no-my.  The  art  of  discerning  the  character 
of  the  mind  from  the  face.  Anteriority-Pos- 
teriority, Appearance-Disappearance,  Inter- 
pretation-Misinterpretation. 

phys"-i-o-graph'-ic-al.  Descriptive  of  nature.  Physi- 
ographical  geography,  Geology. 

phys"-i-o-log'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  physiology.  Physi- 
ological chemistry,  Chemistry. 

phys"-i-ol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  living  beings.  Biol- 
ogy, Life-Death,  Organization-Inorganization; 
vegetable  physiology,  Zoology-Botany. 

phy-sique'.  The  physical  structure  of  a  person. 
Animality-Vegetability,  Strength-Weakness. 

phy-tiv'-o-rous.  Feeding    on    plants    or    herbage. 

Nutriment-Excretion. 

phy-tog'-ra-phy.  Descriptive  botany.  Zoology- 
Botany. 

phy-tol'-o-gy.     Botany.     Zoology-Botany. 

phy-tot'-o-my.  Vegetable    anatomy.  Zoology- 

Botany. 

pi.     To  mix  up  type.     Writing-Printing. 

piacere,  al  [It.]  (pi-a-che'-rS  al).  As  you  please.  Voli- 
tion-Obligation. 

pi-ac'-u-lar.    Expiatory.    Atonement. 

pi-ac'-u-lous.    Criminal.    Atonement. 

pi"-a-ni'-no.  A  small  piano.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

pi"-a-nis'-si-mo.  Very  soft.  Loudness-Faintness, 
Music. 

pi-an'-ist.    A  piano  player.    Musician. 

pia'-no.  Soft;  gentle.  Loudness-Softness,  Musical 
Instruments,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

pi-an"-o-for'-te.  A  keyed  musical  instrument.  Mu- 
sical Instruments. 

pi-az'-za.    A  covered  walk.    Dweller-Habitation. 

pi'-broch.  Wild  music.  Fighting-Conciliation,  Mu- 
sic 

pi'-ca.   A  size  of  type.    Writing-Printing. 

picaresco,  gusto  [Sp.]  (pi-car-es'-co,  gus'-to).  A  roguish 
taste.   Virtue-Vice.  » 

pic"-a-roon'.    Rogue.    Robber. 

pic'-co-lo.   A  small  flute.    Musical  Instruments. 

pick.  Select;  a  picking  tool.  Choice-Neutrality, 
Cleanness-Filthiness,  Gain-Loss,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Nutriment-Excretion,  Sharpness-Blunt- 
ness;  pick  a  quarrel,  Variance-Accord;  pick  holes, 
Adulation  -  Disparagement,  Approval  -  Disap- 
proval; pick  one's  steps,  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness; pick  one's  way,  Choice-Neutrality,  Travel- 
ing-Navigation, Venture;  pick  out,  Choice-Neu- 
trality, Injection-Ejection;  pick  the  brains  of, 
Trial- Answer;  pick  the  lock,  Discovery;  pick  to 
pieces,  Approval- Disapproval,  Creation  -  De- 
struction, Union-Disunion;  pick  up,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Choice-Neutrality,  Educa- 
tion-Learning, Gain-Loss 


pick'-a-nin"-ny.  A  little  child,  especially  a  negro.  In- 
fant-Veteran. 

pick'-ax".    A  picking  tool.    Sharpness-Bluntness. 

picked.  Chosen.  Goodness  -  Badness;  picked  men, 
Adept-Bungler. 

pick-eer'.    To  maraud.    Theft. 

pick-eer'-er.    One  who  pickeers.    Robber. 

pick"-el-haube'.  A  helmet.  Attack-Defense,  Dress- 
Undress. 

pick'-et.     A  camp  guard;   a  short  stake.     Attack-De- 
fense,   Belligerent,    Confinement,    Establish 
ment-Removal,  Recompense-Punition,  Release- 
Prison,     Release- Restraint,    Union -Disunion, 
Warning. 

pick'-et-ing.  Placing  on  guard;  a  mode  of  torture, 
Recompense-Punition. 

pick'-ings.    Booty.    Gain-Loss,  Plunder. 

pick'-le.  To  preserve  in  the  brine  of  vinegar;  a  scrape; 
a  grain  of  corn.  Condiment,  Condition-Situation, 
Conservation,  Difficulty-Facility,  Pungency, 
Water-Air;  have  a  rod  in  pickle,  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation;  in  a  fine  pickle,  Difficulty-Fa- 
cility. 

pick'-le-her"-ring.    Pickled  herring;  abufloon.    Wag. 

pick'-pock"-et.  One  who  steals  from  pockets.  Robber; 
abuse  like  a  pickpocket,  Approval-Disapproval. 

pick'-purse.    One  who  steals  from  purses.    Robber. 

pick'-thank".  A  flatterer.  Activity-Indolence,  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness. 

pic'-nic.  An  outdoor  pleasure-party.  Admission-Ex- 
pulsion, Entertainment-Weariness,  Participa- 
tion. 

pic-quet'.  A  game  of  cards.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

pic-to'-ri-al.  Pertaining  to  pictures.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Painting;  pictorial  language,  Rhetoric 

pictura  pascit  inana  animum  [L]  (pic-tiu'-ra  pas'-sit 
in-e-na  an'-i-mum).  He  feeds  his  mind  with  an 
empty  picture.    Reflection-Vacancy. 

pictura  poema  mutum  est  [L.]  (pic-tiu'-ra  po-i'-ma. 
miu'-tum  est).  A  picture  is  a  mute  poem.  Paint- 
ing, Poetry-Prose. 

pic'-ture.  A  resemblance.  Account,  Appearance- 
Disappearance,  Delineation-Caricature,  Paint- 
ing; picture  to  oneself,  Fancy;  the  picture  of,  Li ke- 
ness-Unlikeness. 

pic'-ture-gal'-ler-y.  A  place  for  collecting  pictures. 
Painting. 

pic"-tur-esque'.  Beautiful  to  the  eye.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Painting. 

pid'-dle.    Dawdle.    Activity-Indolence. 

pid'-dling.    Dawdling.    Consequence-Insignificance. 

pie.  A  food.  Nutriment-Excretion,  Sweetness- 
Acidity,  Writing-Printing. 

pie'-bald".    Of  various  colors.    Variegation. 

piece.  A  bit;  a  selection;  a  coin.  Acting,  Money, 
Painting,  Purity-Rake,  Weapon,  Whole-Part; 
fall  to  pieces,  Creation-Destruction,  Toughness- 
Brittleness;  give  a  piece  of  advice,  Advice;  in  pieces, 
Friability;  make  a  piece  of  work  about,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance; of  a  piece,  Harmon\  -Dis- 
cord, Likeness-Unlikeness,  Mixture-Homogene 
ity,  Uniformity-Diversity;  piece  of  good  fortune 
Good-Evil;  piece  of  music,  Melody-Dissonance, 
Music;  piece  of  news,  Tidings-Mystery-;  piece  of 
work,  Variance-Accord;  piece  out,  Entirety-De- 
ficiency; piece  together,  Union-Disunion;  pull  to 
pieces,  Creation-Destruction. 

piece  de  resistance  [F.]  (pies  de  re-zis-tcurs').  A  solid 
joint  of  meat.    Nutriment-Excretion. 

pxice  justificative  [F.]  (pies  zhiis-ti-fi-ca-tiv').  Pro'  f  and 

illustration.    Evidence-Counterevidence. 
piece'-meal".    Piece  by  piece.    Whole-Part. 
pied.    Variegated.    Variegation. 


PIED. 


778 


PINCHBECK. 


pied  de  la  letlre,  an  [F.]  (pie  de  la  letr,  o).  Literally. 
Truth-Error. 

pie-poudre,  court  of.  An  ancient  court  of  England. 
Tribunal. 

pier.  A  wharf;  a  support  for  an  arch.  Refuge-Pit- 
fall. 

pierce.  To  perforate;  wound.  Aperture-Closure, 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Excitation,  Good- 
ness-Badness, Heating-Cooling,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Sensuality-Suffering;  pierce 
the  head,  Cacophony;  pierce  the  heart,  Pleasura- 
bleness-Painfulness. 

pier'-cer.  One  who  or  that  which  pierces.  Perfora- 
tor-Stopper. 

pier'-cing.  Cutting;  shrill.  Aperture-Closure,  Cac- 
ophony, -Smotion,  Heat-Cold,  Loudness -Faint- 
ness,  Sagacity-Incapacity;  piercing  eye,  Sight- 
Blindness;  piercing  pain,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

pler'-glass".  A  large  high  mirror  between  two  openings 
in  a  wall.    Optical  Instruments. 

Pi-e'-ri-an  Spring.  Spring  of  the  Muses.  Poetry- 
Prose. 

pierre  fendr,  a  [F.]  (pier  fcuvdr,  a).  A  heavy  frost. 
Heat-Cold. 

pietas  [L.]  (pai'-et-as) .     Godliness.     Ceremonial. 

piiti,  mont  de  [F.]  (pi-e-te',  mon"  de).  Pawnbroker. 
Loan-Borrowing. 

pi'-et-ism.    Strict  devotion.    Godliness-Ungodliness. 

pi'-et-ist.  One  who  makes  a  display  of  religious  feeling. 
Godliness-Ungodliness. 

pi"-et-is'-tic.  Characterized  by  religious  emotionalism. 
Godliness-Ungodliness. 

pi"-et-is'-tic-al.  Characterized  by  religious  emotional- 
ism.   Godliness-Ungodliness. 

pi'-et-y.  Veneration  of  God.  Godliness-Ungodli- 
ness. 

pig.  A  hog.  Fauna-Flora,  Moderation-Selfindul- 
gence;  pig  in  a  poke,  Certainty-Doubt,  Purpose- 
Luck,  Recklessness-Caution;  pig  together,  Gath- 
ering-Scattering. 

pig'-eon.  A  dove;  one  who  is  easily  swindled.  Gull- 
Deceiver,  Theft. 

pigeon,  gorge  de  [F.]  (pi-zhon',  gorzh  de ).  Dove-color. 
Variegation. 

pig'-eon-Eng'-lish.  A  dialect  of  English  used  in  China. 
Word-Neology. 

pig'-eon-heart'-ed.   Timid.    Bravery-Cowardice. 

pig'-eon-hole".  A  small  box-like  hole.  Aperture- 
Closure,  Contents-Receiver. 

pig'-eon-holes".  Small  box-like  holes.  Mark-Oblitera- 
tion. 

pig'-gin.  A  long-handled  dipper.   Contents-Receiver. 

pig'-gish.    Greedy.    Moderation-Selfindulgence. 

pig'-head"-ed.  Obstinate.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity. 

pig'-ment.  Any  coloring  material.  Color-Achro- 
matism. 

pig'-my.    A  dwarf.    Greatness-Littleness. 

pig"-no-ra'-tion.     The  act  of  pawning.     Security. 

pig'-stick"-ing.      Boar-hunting.     Life-Killing. 

pig'-sty.     Apigpen.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

pig'-tail.      Chinaman's  cue.     Suspension-Support. 

pig'-wid"-geon.  A  cant  word  for  anything  petty. 
Greatness-Smallness,  Jove-Fiend. 

pike.  A  lance.  Height-Lowness,  Sharpness-Blunt- 
ness,  Weapon. 

pike'-man.    A  soldier  armed  with  a  pike.  Belligerent. 

pike'-staff.  The  staff  of  a  pike.  Height-Lowness, 
Manifestation-Latency. 

pi-las'-ter.  A  square  column.  Convexity-Concavity, 
Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Suspension-Sup- 
port. 

pile.  A  heap;  a  large  building.  Architecture, 
Creation  -  Destruction,  Gathering  -  Scattering, 


Smoothness-Roughness;      funeral   pile,   Life-Fu- 
neral; pile  up,  Excess-Lack,  Gull-Hyperbole. 

pile'-dri"-ving-en"-gine.  An  apparatus  for  driving 
down  piles.    Impetus-Reaction. 

pil'-fer.    Steal.    Theft. 

pil'-fer-er.    One  who  steals.    Robber. 

pil-gar'-lic.  A  sneaking  fellow.  Sociability-Pri- 
vacy. 

pil'-grim.  A  traveler.  Ministry-Laity,  Wayfarer- 
Seafarer. 

pil'-grim-age.  A  journey  to  some  sacred  place.  Enter- 
prise, Traveling-Navigation. 

pill.  A  medicine  in  the  form  of  a  sphere.  Remedy- 
Bane,  Roundness;  bitter  pill,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

pil'-lage.  Plunder.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Theft. 

pil'-la-ger.    Plunderer.    Robber. 

pil'-lar.  A  support;  a  monument.  Height-Lowness, 
Mark-Obliteration,  Mutability-Stability,  Sus- 
pension-Support, Writing-Printing;  from  post  to 
pillar,  Agitation,  Midcourse-Circuit,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness;  pillar  of  the  state,  Repu- 
tation-Discredit; pillars  of  Hercules,  Sign. 

pil'-lion.  A  pad  for  a  second  person  on  a  horse.  Sus- 
pension-Support. 

pil'-lo-ry.  A  frame  to  confine  criminals  by  neck  and 
head.     Recompense-Scourge. 

pil'-low.  A  cushion  for  the  head.  Feeling-Insensi- 
bility, Hardness-Softness,  Movement-Rest,  Sus- 
pension-Support; consult  one's  pillow,  Earliness- 
Lateness,  Reflection-Vacancy. 

pi'-lot.  One  who  steers  a  ship.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Management,  Manager,  Wayfarer-Sea- 
farer. 

pi'-lot-age.    Guidance.    Management. 

pi'-lot  bal-loon'.  A  guide  balloon.  Conveyance- 
Vessel,  Trial. 

pi '-lot-boat.  A  boat  to  receive  and  carry  pilots  as  they 
leave  vessels.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

pi'-lose.    Hairy.    Smoothness-Roughness. 

pimp.     A  pander.     Purity-Rake. 

pim'-ple.  A  small  pointed  elevation  on  the  skin.  Con- 
vexity -  Concavity,  Embellishment  -  Disfigure- 
ment, Health-Sickness. 

pin.  A  short  stiff  piece  of  wire  with  a  point.  Con- 
nective, Consequence-Insignificance,  Estab- 
lishment -  Removal,  Revolution  -  Evolution, 
Sharpness-Bluntness,  Union-Disunion;  might 
hear  a  pin  drop,  Sound-Silence;  not  a  pin  to  choose, 
Choice-Neutrality,  Equality-Inequality;  pin 
down,  Coercion,  Release-Restraint;  pin  oneself 
upon,  Chief  -Underling.  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness; pin  one's  faith  upon,  Faith-Misgiving, 
Sanguineness- Hopelessness;  point  of  a  pin, 
Greatness-Littleness. 

pin'-a-coid".     Kind  of  crystal.     Mineralogy. 

pin'-a-fore".     A  little  apron.     Dress-Undress. 

pince'-nez".  A  kind  of  eye-glasses.  Optical  Instru- 
ments. 

pin'-cers.  A  grasping  instrument.  Keeping-Re- 
linquishment. 

pinch.  To  squeeze;  in  need.  Condition-Situation, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Enlargement-Diminution, 
Extravagance-Avarice,  Hbating-Cooling,  Need, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Sensuality-Suf- 
fering; at  a  pinch,  Difficulty-Facility;  jack  at  a 
pinch,  Antagonist-Assistant;  pinch  of  snuff,  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance; where  the  shoe  pinches, 
Antagonism  -  Concurrence,  Goodness  -  Badness, 
Obstruction  -  Help,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness. 

pinch'-beck.  An  alloy  of  copper  and  zinc.  Embellish' 
ment-Disfigurement,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 


PINCHED. 


779 


PITHLESS. 


pinched.  In  hard  circumstances.  Affluence- 
Penury,  Condition-Situation,  Difficulty-Facil- 
ity, Enlargement-Diminution,  Extravagance- 
Avarice,  Heating-Cooling,  Need,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Sensual- 
ity-Suffering; pinched  with  hunger,  Desire-Dis- 
taste. 

pinch'-ing.  Nipping.  Extravagance-Avarice.  Heat- 
Cold. 

Pin-dar'-ic.     Pertaining  to  Pindar.     Poetry. 

pine.  To  waste  away.  Health-Sickness,  Light- 
heartedness- Dejection,  Pleasure-Pain;  pine 
away,  Ligiitheartedness-Dejection;  pine  for,  De- 
sire-Distaste. 

pin'-er-y.  A  pine  forest.  Domestication-Agricul- 
ture. 

pi-ne'-tum.  A  forest  of  pines.  Domestication-Agri- 
culture. 

pin'-guid.     Fat.     Pulpiness-Oiliness. 

ping-pong.     Table  tennis.     Tennis. 

pin'-hole.  A  place  where  a  pin  is  fixed.  Aperture- 
Closure. 

pin'-ion.  A  quill;  a  small  toothed  wheel.  Instrument, 
Release-Prison,  Release-Restraint,  Traveling- 
Navigation,  Union-Disunion. 

pink.  A  reddish  color;  pierce;  perfection.  Aperture- 
Closure,  Fau-ltlessness-Faultiness,  Impetus- 
Reaction,  Redness-Greenness,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit; pink  of,  Beauty-Ugliness;  pink  of  fashion, 
Society-Ludicrousness;  pink  of  perfection,  Fault- 
lessness-Faultiness; pink  of  politeness,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness. 

pin'-mon"-ey.    Spending-  or  pocket-money.     Money. 

pin'-nace.     A  boat.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

pin'-na-cle.    A  turret.    Architecture,  Top-Bottom. 

pins.  Legs.  Traveling-Navigation;  pins  and  needles, 
Pleasure-Pain,  Sensuality-Suffering,  Tingling- 
Numbness. 

fint.     Unit  of  measure.     Measure. 
in'-to,  Fer-na'-o  Men'-dez.     Portuguese  adventurer. 
Gull-Deceiver 

pi-o-neer'.  One  who  goes  before  to  clear  the  way.  An- 
teriority-Posteriority, Instructor-Pupil,  Pre- 
decessor-Continuation, Preparation-Nonprep- 
aration. 

pi'-ous.  Devout.  Godliness-Ungodliness;  pious 
fraud,  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Truthfulness- 
Fabrication. 

pipe.  A  tube;  a  sound;  a  cry.  Cacophony,  Cry-Ulu- 
lation,  Jubilation-Lamentation,  Musical  In- 
struments, Musician,  Way;  no  pipe,  no  dance, 
Price-Discount;  pipe  of  peace,  Strife-Peace;  pipe 
one's  eye,  Jubilation-Lamentation. 

pipe'-clay".  A  white  clay  used  for  pottery.  Habit- 
Desuetude,  Harshness-Mildness. 

pi'-per.  One  who  plays  a  pipe.  Musician ;  drunk  as  a 
piper,  Teetotalism-Intemperance;  pay  the  piper, 
Obstruction-Help,  Settlement-Default. 

pi'-ping.  Playing  the  pipe;  smoking.  Piping  hot, 
Heat-Cold;  piping  time,  Strife-Peace,  Welfare- 
Misfortune. 

pip'-kin.     A  small  earthen  jar.     Contents-Receiver. 

pi'-quan-cy.  Sharpness;  cleverness.  Excitation, 
Force-Weakness,  Pungency. 

pi'- quant.  Sharp.  Emotion,  Force- Weakness,  Pun- 
gency. 

pi'-quante.  Sharp.  Piquante  sauce,  Condiment, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

pique.  To  offend;  to  stimulate.  Excitation,  Favor- 
ite-Anger, Love-Hate,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness; pique  oneself,  Conceit-Diffidence,  Self- 
respect-Humbleness. 

pi-queer'-er.  One  who  marauds;  a  pickeerer.  Rob- 
ber. 


pi"-quet'.     Picket.     Attack-Defense,  Belligerent. 

pi'-ra-cy.    Robbery  on  the  sea.    Theft. 

pi'-rate.     A  sea-robber.     Robber,  Theft. 

pi-rat'-ic-al.     Pertaining  to  pirates.     Theft. 

pir"-ou-ette' .  A  wheeling  about  on  the  toes  when 
dancing.  Reversal,  Revolution-Evolution;  turn 
a  pirouette,  Persistence-Whim. 

Pi'-sa.  The  capital  of  the  province  of  Pisa,  Italy.  Tower 
of  Pisa,  Parallelism-Inclination. 

pis-aller  [F.]  (piz"-a-le').  The  last  shift.  Commuta- 
tion-Permutation, Volition-Obligation. 

pis"-ca-to'-ri-al.  Pertaining  to  fishes.  Fauna-Flcra 
Life-Killing. 

pis'-ca-to-ry.  Pertaining  to  fishes.  Fauna-Flora, 
Life-Killing. 

pisceni  natare  docere  [L.]  (pis'-sem  nat-e'-ri  do-si'-ri). 
To  teach  a  fish  to  swim.  Education-Misteaching, 
Excess-Lack. 

Pis'-ces.     Sign  of  the  zodiac.     Astronomy. 

pis'-ci-cul"-ture.  The  hatching  of  fish  as  an  industrial 
art.     Domestication-Agriculture. 

pish.  An  exclamation  of  contempt.  Adage-Non- 
sense, Consequence-Insignificance,  Excitabil- 
ity-In excitability,    Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

piste.  The  track  a  horseman  makes  upon  the  ground 
he  goes  over.     Mark-Obliteration. 

pis'-tol.     A  hand  gun.     Weapon, 

pis'-to-let.     A  small  pistol.     Weapon. 

pis'-tol-shot".  The  distance  a  pistol  shoots.  Remote- 
ness-Nearness. 

pis'-ton.  A  short  cylinder  fitted  to  a  hollow  one  within 
which  it  moves.      Perforator-Stopper. 

pit.  A  deep  hole;  the  main  floor  of  a  theater.  Acting, 
Aperture-Closure,  Convexity-Concavity,  Deep- 
ness-Shallowness,  Life-Funeral;  bottomless  pit, 
Heaven-Hell;  pit  of  Acheron,  Heaven-Hell;  pit 
against,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Variance-Ac- 
cord; pit  against  one  another,  Comparison. 

pit'-a-pat".  Flutteringly.  Agitation,  Crash-Drum- 
ming, Emotion,  Excitability-Inexcitability. 

pitch.  A  substance  which  exudes  from  the  pine;  to 
throw;  slant.  Ascent-Descent,  Elevation-De- 
pression, Establishment-Removal,  Height-Low- 
ness,  Melody-Dissonance,  Pulpiness-Rosin,  Pusii- 
Pull,  Quantity-Measure,  Station,  Top-Bottom, 
Vibration,  Whiteness-Blackness;  pitch  and  toss, 
Purpose-Luck;  pitch  dark,  Light-Darkness;  pitch 
into,  Attack- Defense,  Recompense -Punition, 
Strife-Peace;  pitch  of  one's  breath,  Cry-Ulula- 
tion;  pitch  one's  tent,  Arrival-Departure;  pitch 
overboard,  Keeping-Relinquishment;  pitch  upon, 
Arrival-Departure,  Choice-Neutrality,  Dis- 
covery, Gain-Loss. 

pitched'  bat"-tle.     A  general  battle.     Strife-Peace. 

pitch'-er.  A  vessel  with  a  spout  for  pouring  out 
liquids.     Contents-Receiver. 

pitch'-fork".  A  farm  utensil.  Conveyance-Vessel, 
Push-Pull;  rain  pitchforks,  River- Wind. 

pitch'-pipe".      An   instrument   to  give   the   key-note. 
,  Musical  Instruments. 

pitch'-y.  Pitch-like.  Light-Darkness,  Pulpiness- 
Rosin,  Whiteness-Blackness. 

pit'-e-ous.  That  may  excite  pity.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

pit'-e-ous-ly.     Mournfully.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

pit'-fall".  A  pit  used  as  a  trap.  Exposure-Hiding- 
place,  Refuge-Pitfall,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

pith.  Vital  part;  substance.  Center,  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Meaning- Jargon,  Out  side -In- 
side, Strength-Weakness,  Subjectiveness-Ob- 
jectiveness. 

pith'-i-ness.  Concentrated  force.  Strength-Weak- 
ness. 

pith'-less.     Without  pith.     Might-Impotence. 


PITHY. 


780 


PLANET-STRUCK. 


pith'-y.       Full  of  pith;    concise.       Force-Weakness, 
_  Meaning-Jargon,  Terseness-Prolixity. 
pit'-i-a-ble.       Deserving  pity.       Goodness-Badness, 

_  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Regard-Scorn. 
pit'-ied.     Had   sympathy   expressed    for.     Pleasure- 
Pain. 
pit'-i-ful.       Compassionate.       Compassion-Ruth  less- 
ness,    Consequence- Insignificance,    Goodness- 
_  Badness,    Regard-Scorn,  Reputation-Discredit. 
pit'-i-less.     Without     oity.     Compassion  -Ruthless- 

_  ness,  Pardon-Vindictiveness. 
pit'-i-less-ness.    HardhearU'dness.    Compassion-Rutii- 

lessness. 
pit'-tance.       Any  meager  allowance.        Assignment, 

Excess-Lack,  Outlay-Income. 
pit'-ted.      Marked    with    little    pits,    as    in    smallpox. 

Embellishment-Disfigurement. 
pit'-u-ite.     Mucus.     Viscidity-Foam. 
pit'-u-i-tous.     Full  of  mucus.     Viscidity-Foam. 
pit'-y.        Compassion.        Compassion-Ruthlessness; 
express  pity,  Condolence;  for  pity's  sake,  Compas- 
sion-Ruthlessness;  what  a  pity,  Contentedness- 
Regre  .-,  J  ubilation-Lamentation. 
pit'-y-ing.        Compassionating.        Compassion-Ruth- 
lessness. 
piv'-ot.     A    pin    on    which    anything   turns.     Cause- 
Effect,  Revolution-Evolution,  Suspension-Sup- 
port, Union-Disunion. 
pix.    A  box.   Ceremonial,  Contents-Receiver, Trial. 
pls'-y.     An  elf.     Jove-Fiend. 
piz"-zi-ca'-to.     A  direction  to  violinists  to  pluck  the 

strings  with  the  fingers.     Music. 
pht"-ca-bU'-i-ty.    Complaisance.    Pardon-Vindictive- 
ness. 
pla'-ca-ble.   Willing  to   forgive.    Pardon-Vindictive- 
ness. 
plac'-ard.     A  window-bill.     Publicity. 
pla'-cate.     Pacify.     Fighting-Conciliation,  Pardon- 
Vindictiveness. 
place.     Situation;      rank;     room.     Condition-Situa- 
tion,   Dweller-Habitation,    Establishment-Re- 
moval, Extension-Place,  Occupation,  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization,  Position,  Regularity-Ir- 
regularity,     Reputation -Discredit,      Station; 
burial-place,  Life-Funeral;    give  place  to,  Quest- 
Evasion;   have  place,  Entity-Nonentity;  in  place, 
Position;  in  place  of,  Commutation-Permutation; 
make  a  place  for,  Establishment-Removal;   out  of 
place,  Conventionality-Unconventionality,   Es- 
tablishment-Removal,   Harmony-Discord,    Pro- 
priety-Impropriety;    place    in    order,    Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization;    place   itself,   Regularity- 
Irregularity;    place  to  one's  credit,  Credit-Debt; 
place    under,    Admission-Exclusion,     place    upon 
record,  Mark-Obliteration. 
placebit,  decies  repetita  [L.]  (pla-si'-bit,  di'-si-iz   rep"- 
e-tai'-ta).     Though  ten  times  repeated  it  will  please. 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 
placebo   [L.]    (pla-si'-bo) .       Please.      Adulation-Dis- 
paragement. 
place'-hunt"-er.     One  who  seeks  a  situation.       Peti- 
tioner. 
place'-man.     One  who  holds  a  place.     Consignee. 
plac'-id.     Quiet.     Excitability-Inexcitability. 
plac'-it.     A  decree.     Order. 

pla'-gi-a-rism.     Literary  theft.     Imitation-Original- 
ity, Loan-Borrowing,  Theft. 
pla'-gi-a-rist.     A  literary  thief.     Robber. 
pla'-gi-a-rize.      To  appropriate  literary  work  as  one's 

own  production.     Reprisal-Resistance. 
pla'-gi-a-ry.       Practising  plagiarism.       Reprisai  -Re- 
sistance.. 
Pla'-gia-ry,   Sir   Fretful.     A  character  in   The  Critic, 
by  Sheridan.     Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 


pla"-gi-he'-dral.       Having  an  oblique  spiral  arrange- 
ment of  planes.     Parallelism-Inclination. 
plague.     A     contagious    disease.     Health-Sickness, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness;     Pleasure-Pain, 
a  plague  upon,  Charitableness-Curse. 
plague'-spot.     A  mark  of  the  plague.     Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Healthiness-Unhealthiness. 
pla'-guing.     Annoying.     Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness. 
pla'-guy.  Troublesome.  Difficulty-Facility,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness. 
plaid.     An  outer  garment.     Dress-Undress,  Variega 

tion. 
plaidoyer  [F.]   (ple-dwa-ye') .     Counsel's  speech.     Ra- 
tiocination-Instinct. 
plain.      Manifest;    simple;    flat.      Beauty-Ugliness, 
Clearness-Obscurity,    Craft-Artlessness,    Em- 
bellishment -  Disfigurement,     Erectness  -  Flat- 
ness, Gulf-Plain,  Manifestation-Latency,  Sim- 
plicity-Floridness,  Visibility-Invisibility;  plain 
English,     Simplicity-Floridness;      plain     dealing, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood;      plain     interpretation, 
Ambiguity;  plain  question,  Investigation-Answer; 
plain    sailing,    Difficulty-Facility;     plain   sense, 
Sagacity-Incapacity;    plain  speaking,  Clearness- 
Obscurity,    Craft-Artlessness,    Manifestation- 
Latency;     plain    terms,    Ambiguity,    Clearness- 
Obscurity,    Simplicity-Floridness;     plain    truth, 
Truth-Error;     plain  words,   Craft-Artlessness, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood. 
plain'-ly.     Clearly.     Tell  one  plainly,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 
plain'-ness.       Without  ornament.       Embellishment- 
Simplicity,   Manifestation-Latency,   Simplicity- 
Floridness. 
plain'-song.      The  Gregorian  chant.      Devotion-Idol- 
atry. 
plain'-spo"-ken.       Speaking  with  sincerity.       Craft- 
Artlessness,  Manifestation-Latency. 
plaint.     A  cry  of  distress.     Cry-Ululation,  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation. 
plaint'-ful.     Expressing  sorrow.     Jubilation-Lamen- 
tation. 
plain'-tiff.     He  who  commences  a  lawsuit.     Dueness- 

Undueness,  Justification-Charge. 
plain'-tive.     Mournful.     Jubilation-Lamentation. 
plain'-tive-ness.  Expression    of    subdued    sadness. 

Jubtlation-Lamentation. 
plai"-sance'.      A  pleasure   ground;    part   of    a   park. 
Dweller -Habitation,     Entertainment- Weari- 
ness. 
plaisantene  [F.]  (ple-zant-ri') .    Jest.    Witti.vess-Dul- 

ness. 
plaisir,    avec  [F.]   (ple-zir',    a-vec').     With     pleasure. 

Assent-Dissent,  Readiness-Reluctance. 
plaisir  de  vous  revoir,   an  [F.]   (ple-zir' de  vu  rc-vwar', 
o).       Till  I  have  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you  again. 
Arrival-Departure. 
plais'-ter.     Plaster.     Cover-Lining. 
plait.     A  fold.     Crossing,  Plicature. 
plan.     Scheme.     Conduct,  Delineation-Caricatukz, 
Design,     Enlightenment- Secrecy,     Traveling 
Navigation. 
plane.     A  level  surface.     Ascent-Descent,  Convex- 
ity-Concavity, Erectness-Flatness,  Smoothness- 
Roughness;  inclined  plane,  Instrument. 
plan'-et.       A  celestial  body  revolving  about  the  sun. 

Astronomy,  Universe,  Volition-Obligation. 
plan'-et-a-ry.      Pertaining  to  the   planets.      Astron- 
omy. 
plan'-et-oid.     A  minor  planet.     Universe. 
plan'-et-struck".     Affected  by  the  influence  of  piar.cts. 
Astonishment -Expectance,     Welfare -Misfor- 
tune. 


PLANK. 


781 


PLEASANT. 


plank.  A  thick  board.  Lamina-Fiber,  Refuge-Pit- 
fall, Way. 

planned.     Designed.     Design. 

plan'-ning.     Designing.     Design. 

plant.  An  herb;  to  set  in  the  earth.  Domestication- 
Agriculture,  Establishment-Removal,  Fauna- 
Flora,  Injection-Ejection,  Instrument,  Prop- 
erty, Truthfulness-Fraud;  plant  a  battery,  At- 
tack Defense;  plant  a  dagger  in  the  breast,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness;  plant  a  thorn  in  the 
side,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  plant  one- 
self, Establishment-Removal. 

plan-ta'-tion.  Any  place  that  is  planted;  a  colony. 
Domestication-Agriculture,  Establishment-Re- 
moval, Property. 

planter  ses  choux,  aller  [F.]  (plem'-te'  s&  shu,  a-le'). 
To  go  and  live  [plant  cabbages]  in  the  country. 
Sociability-Privacy. 

plant'-ing.  To  set  in  the  ground.  Injection-Ejec- 
tion. 

plash.  A  puddle  of  water;  to  play  in  water.  Gulf- 
Plain,  Resonance-Nonresonance,  River-Wind. 

plash'-y.     Muddy.     Swamp-Island. 

plasm.     A  mold.     Copy-Model. 

plas'-ma.  A  quartz  used  for  engraved  ornaments. 
Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

plas'-mic.  Pertaining  to  plasma.  Form-Formless- 
ness. 

plas'-ter.  A  composition  of  lime,  sand,  and  water. 
Connective,  Cover-Lining,  Remedy-Bane;  plas- 
ter up,  Renovation-Relapse. 

plas'-tic.  Giving  form.  Form-Formlessness,  Hard- 
ness-Softness, Mutability-Stability. 

plas-tic'-i-ty.  Capacity  of  being  molded.  Hardness- 
Softness. 

plat.     To  interweave.     Crossing,  Gulf-Plain. 

plate.  A  dish;  a  covering  of  metal.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Cover-Lining,  Engraving,  Lamina-Fiber, 
Levelness,  Nutriment-Excretion;  plate-engrav- 
ing, Engraving;  plate-printing,  Engraving,  Writ- 
ing-Printing. 

pla-teau'.  Atable-land.  Erectness-Flatness,  Gulf- 
Plain. 

plat'-form.  A  raised  floor;  a  scheme.  Address-Re- 
sponse, Design,  Erectness-Flatness,  Lists, 
School,  Suspension-Support;  platform  orator, 
Speech-Inarticulateness. 

plat'-i-num.    An  element.    Chemistry. 

plat'-i-tude.  An  empty  remark.  Meaning-Jargon, 
Wittiness-Dulness. 

Pla-ton'-ic.  Relating  to  Plato;  pure.  Excitability- 
Inexcitability,  Purity-Impurity,  Reflection- Va- 
cancy; Platonic  bodies,  Angularity. 

Pla'-to-nism.  The  philosophy  of  Plato.  Reflection- 
Vacancy. 

pla-toon'.  A  small  body  of  soldiers.  Belligerent; 
platoon  fire,  Attack-Defense. 

plat'-ter.  An  oblong  dish.  Contents-Receiver,  Lam- 
ina-Fiber, Levelness;  clean  the  outside  of  the 
platter,  Pomp,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

plau'-dit.    Praise  bestowed.  Approval-Disapproval. 

plau"-si-bil'-i-ty.  Apparent  correctness.  Likelihood- 
Uni  ikelihood. 

plau'-si-ble.  Apparently  right.  Adulation-Dispar- 
agement, Approval-Disapproval,  Justification- 
Charge,  Likelihood-Unlikelihood,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

play.  To  sport;  to  gamble;  to  act  the  part  of .  Acting, 
Action-Passiveness,  Agency,  Delineation-Car- 
icature, Dominance-Impotence,  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Extension-District,  Liberty-Subjec- 
tion, Musician,  Use-Disuse,  Vibration;  at  play, 
Entertainment-Weariness;  bring  into  play,  Agen- 
cy, Use-Disuse;   full  of  play,  Lightheartedness- 


Dejection;  full  play,  Dominance-Impotence;  give 
play  to  the  imagination,  Fancy;  have  free  play, 
Agency;  in  play,  Agency,  Wittiness-Dulness; 
play  a  deep  game,  Craft-Artlessness;  play  a  game, 
Conduct,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Quest-Eva- 
sion; play  a  part,  Action-Passiveness,  Acting, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood;  play  at  cross  purposes, 
Ambiguity,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Clearness- 
Obscurity,  Regularity  -  Irregularity,  Truth- 
Error;  play  fast  and  loose,  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Determination- Vacillation,  Persistence-Whim 
Truthfulness-Falsehood  ;  play  first  fiddle,  Conse- 
quence -  Insignificance,  Reputation  -  Discredit, 
Supremacy-Subordinac y  ;  play  for,  Purpose-Luck  ; 
play  havoc,  Betterment-Deterioration  ;  play  hide 
and  seek,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Quest-Eva- 
sion; play  into  the  hands  of,  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence; play  of  colors,  Variegation;  play  off, 
Truthfulness-Fraud;  play  one  a  trick,  Expecta- 
tion-Disappointment, Truthfulness-Fraud;  play 
one  false,  Expectation-Disappointment,  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood, Truthfulness-Fraud;  play 
one's  best  card,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Toil-Relax- 
ation; play  one's  part,  Conduct,  Occupation;  play 
on  the  feelings,  Excitation;  play  second  fiddle,  In- 
subordination-Obedience, Liberty-Subjection, 
Supremacy-Subordinacy;  play  the  deuce,  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability  ;  play  the  devil  with,  Charita- 
bleness-Malevolence; play  the  fool,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Sagacity-Incapacity,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness,  Society-Ludicrousness;  play  the 
monkey,  Sagacity-Incapacity;  play  tricks  with, 
Craft-Artlessness,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  play 
truant,  Quest-Evasion;  play  upon,  Society-De- 
rision, Truthfulness-Fraud;  play  upon  words, 
Ambiguity,  Wittiness-Dulness,  Word-Neology; 
play  with,  Carefulness-Carelessness. 

play'-day".    A  holiday.    Entertainment-Weariness. 

played'-out".  Exhausted;  completed.  Beginning- 
End,  Completion-Noncompletion,  Success-Fail- 
ure, Weariness-Refreshment. 

play'-er.    Amusician;  an  actor.    Acting,  Musician. 

play'-fel"-low.  An  associate  in  games,  etc.  I  riend- 
Foe. 

play'-ful.  Frolicsome.  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Lightheartedness  -  Dejection,  Wittiness  -  Dul- 
ness;  playful  imagination,  Fancy. 

play'-ground".  A  piece  of  ground  used  for  recreation. 
Entertainment-Weariness,  Lists. 

play'-house".   A  theater.   Acting. 

play'-mate".  A  playfellow.   Friend-Foe. 

play'-some".  Playful.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion. 

play'-thing".  A  toy.  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Entertainment-Weariness;  make  a  plaything  of, 
Liberty-Subjection. 

play '-wright".    A  maker  of  plays.   Acting. 

pla'-za.    Market-place.   City. 

plea.  What  is  advanced  in  support  of  a  cause.  Evi- 
dence-Counterevidence,  Justification-Charge, 
Litigation,  Pretext. 

plead.  To  argue.  Evidence-Counterevidence,  Peti- 
tion-Expostulation, Pretext,  Tribunal;  plead 
guilty,  Repentance-Obduracy;  plead  one's  cause, 
Justification-Charge. 

plead'-er.   A  lawyer.    Advocate. 

plead'-ing.  The  act  of  advocating.  Special  pleading, 
Ratiocination-Instinct. 

plead'-ings.  The  pleas  of  the  plaintiff  and  defendant. 
Litigation. 

pleas'-ant.  Gratifying.  Connection-Independence, 
Entertainment  -  Weariness,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Wittiness-Dulness;  make  things 
pleasant,     Adulation  -  Disparagement,      Motive- 


PLEASANT. 


782 


PLEASURABLENESS— PAINFULNESS. 


Caprice,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

pleas'-ant-ness.  Cheerfulness.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

pleas'-ant-ry.  Sprightly  talk.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Petition-Expostulation,  Wittiness- 
Dulness. 

please.  To  give  pleasure.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness;   as  you  please,  Consent,  Insubordination- 


Obedience;  do  what  one  pleases,  Liberty-Subjec- 
tion; if  you  please,  Consent,  Insubordination- 
Obedience,  Petition-Expostulation;  please  one- 
self, Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

pleas'-ing.  Giving  pleasure.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Lightheartedness- Dejection,  Pleasur- 
ableness-Painfulness, Pleasure-Pain. 

pleas'-ur-a-ble-ness.  The  quality  of  being  able  to  give 
pleasure.    Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 


PLEASURABLENESS-PAINFULNESS. 


Agreeableness.     The  quality  of  being  agreeable  or  pleasant. 

Amenity      The  state  of  being  pleasant  or  agreeable. 

Amiability.     Sweetness  of  disposition. 

Amusement,  etc.     Pleasurable  excitement,   etc.     See   Entertain* 

MENT. 

Attractability .     The  quality  of  being  alluring  or  inviting. 

Attraction,  etc.     The  power  of  alluring  or  engaging,  etc.    See  Motive. 

Attractiveness.     The  quality  of  being  attractive  or  pleasing. 

Bittersweet.     A  plant  whose  taste  is  at  first  bitter  then  sweet. 

Bright  side .     Anything  that  gives  cheerfulness  and  joy. 

Charm.     Any  alluring  quality,  especially  of  song. 

Dainty.     That  which  is  delicious  and  delicate. 

Delectability      The  quality  of  giving  delight  or  being  charming. 

Enchantment.     That  which  has  power  to  fascinate  or  highly  delight. 

Fair  weather.     Figuratively .  a  season  of  pleasure. 

Fascination.     Irresistible  influence  or  charm. 

Goodness,  etc.  The  state  of  being  good ,  general  excellence,  etc.  See 
Goodness. 

Hedonism.  The  theory  that  finds  the  explanation  of  duty  in  its  ten- 
dency to  give  pleasure. 

Hedonist.     AbelieveTin  Hedonism. 

Invitingness .     The  quality  of  being  attractive  or  inviting. 

Jocundity-     The  quality  of  being  jocund,  cheerful,  or  sportive. 

Land  flowing  with  milk  and  honey.  Figuratively,  a  land  of  great  fer- 
tility.    [Bible  ] 

Loveliness,  etc.  The  quality  of  being  lovely  or  charming,  etc.  See 
Beauty. 

Manna  in  the  wilderness.     An  unexpected  satisfaction.     [Bible.) 

Nuts.     Something  that  gives  particular  pleasure. 

Pleasantness .     The  state  of  being  pleasant  or  agreeable. 

Pleasurableness.  The  quality  of  being  capable  of  giving  pleasure  or 
delight. 

Pleasure- giving. 

Regale.     A  banquet. 

Sauce  piquante  [F.].     Appetizing  foods. 

Seduction.     Enticement  to  evil. 

Sunny  side.     The  bright  or  cheery  aspect  of  affairs. 

Sweets.     Things  sweet  or  pleasant  to  the  taste. 

Tidbits.  1  ^  bj   or  morsei  as  0f  choice  food. 

Titbits.  > 

Treat.    That  which  affords  entertainment. 

Winning  ways       A  pleasing  disposition. 

Witchery       Irresistible  influence,  fascination. 

Pleasurableness — Verbs. 
Afford  pleasure      To  delight.     See  Pleasure. 
Allure,  etc.     To  attempt  to  draw  to  as  by  a  charm  or  some  prospect 

of  pleasure  or  advantage,  etc.     See  Moxive. 
Amuse,  etc.     To  entertain  pleasantly  etc\     See  Entertainment. 
Attract.     To  draw  by  a  moral  or  emotional  influence. 
Beautify      To  make  beautiful. 

Bewitch      To  so  please  as  to  take  away  the  power  of  resistance. 
Bless      To  make  happy. 

Captivate      To  gain  ascendency  over  by  some  art  or  attraction. 
Cause  pleasure      To  gratify.     See  Pleasure. 
Charm      To  attract  irresistibly. 

Create  pleasure.     To  excite  agreeable  sensations.     See  Pleasure. 
Delight      To  give  great  pleasure  to. 
Do  one  s  heart  good-     To  be  a  joy  to. 
Enchant      To  charm  by  sorcery;  fill  "with  delight. 
Enliven      To  make  lively  or  cheerful. 
Enrapture      To  transport  with  pleasure  or  delight. 
E-iravish      To  throw  into  a  state  of  ecstasy ;  delight  beyond  measure 
Entrance      To  ravish  with  delight. 
Fascinate      To  allure  irresistibly. 
Flatter      To  attempt  to  gratify  the  vanity  of. 
Gild  and  frill       To  render  agreeable  in  appearance. 
Give  pleasure      To  be  agreeable  to.     See  Pleasure. 
Gladden,  etc.     To  make  glad  or  joyful,  etc.     See  Lightheartedness. 
Gladden  the  heart      To  make  happy. 


Affliction.     The  cause  ot  continued  pain  of  body  or  mind. 

Affront,  etc.  A  designed  mark  of  disrespect,  etc.  See  Regard- 
Disrespect. 

Annoyance.     The  act  of  annoying;  vexation. 

Care,  etc.  An  oppressive  sense  of  responsibility,  etc.  See  Pleas- 
ure-Pain. 

Curse.     The  cause  of  great  harm  or  misfortune. 

De'sagre'ment  [F.].     Disagreeableness. 

Grievance.     A  cause  of  uneasiness  or  annoyance. 

Infestation.  The  act  of  annoying  by  presence  and  numbers;  moles- 
tation. 

Infliction.     The  act  of  causing  another  to  suffer. 

Malignity,  etc.  Disposition  to  do  evil,  etc.  See  Charitableness* 
Malevolence. 

Misfortune,  etc.  ■  Bad  luck;  an  evil  accident,  etc  See  Welfare- 
Misfortune. 

Mishap.     An  unfortunate  accident. 

Molestation.     The  act  of  disturbing. 

Mortification.     The  act  of  humiliating. 

Nul  bien  sans  peine  [F.J.     No  good  without  pain. 

Painfulness.     Suffering  of  body  or  mind. 

Provocation.     The  act  of  causing  anger  or  resentment. 

Trial.     That  which  afflicts  or  harasses 

Trouble.     That  which  annoys  or  afflicts;  uneasiness. 

Vexation.     The  act  of  disquieting  irritation. 

Painfulness — Denotations. 
,,!    er    [5    "  \  Anything  causing  pain  or  distress  to  the  mind.  ■ 

Blow.     Something  that  produces  mental  or  physical  suffering. 
Bore.     A  person  or  thing  that  wearies. 

Bother.     One  who,  or  that  which  causes  annoyance  or  perplexity. 
Burden.     That  which  is  wearisome  or  oppressive. 
Cancer.     A  malignant  growth  attended  with  great  pain  and  ulcera- 
tion 
Canker.     A  spreading  gangrenous  ulcer      See  Remedy-Bane. 
Cankerworm  of  care.     Care  cr  trouble  which  causes  a  breaking  down 

of  health. 
Carking  care.     Distressing  or  worrying  duties  or  troubles. 
Dagger,  etc.     A  short  weapon  used  for  stabbing.     See  Weapon. 
Esclandre  [F  ]      A  scandal  or  exposure. 
Gall  and  wormwood.     Anything  extremely  bitter,  or  that  causes 

pain 
Head  and  front  of  one's  offending.      The  chief  object  or  act  of  offense. 

[Shakespeare.  Othello,  I,  ii.] 
Heavy  news.     Distressing  news. 
Hornet's  nest.     A  source  of  irritation  and  trouble. 
Hot  water.     Figuratively,  an  uncomfortable  position.  - 

Load.     Care  or  trouble. 
Neuralgia.     A  disease,  the  chief  symptom  of  which  is  a  very  acuU 

pain  which  foilows  the  course  of  a  nervous  branch. 
Nuisance.     That  which  annoys  or  gives  trouble  and  vexation. 
Pest.     One  who  or  that  which  is  troublesome  or  destructive. 
Plague.     That  which  smites,  wounds,  ortroubles. 
Pother.     Annoyance. 
Rub.     Something  grating  to  the  feelings.     [Shakespeare,   Hamlet, 

III.  i.Q 
Scorpion.     A  painful  scourge .     See  Benefactor-Evildoer. 
Scourge.     A    means    of    inflicting    punishment    or    suffering.     See 

Recompense-Scourge. 
Sea  of  troubles.     A  mass  of  troubles  resembling  the  sea  in  vastness 

[Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  III,  i] 
Sickener.     That  which  renders  sick. 
Skeleton  in  the  closet.     A  distressing  family  secret. 
Sore  object,     A  disagreeable  sight 
Sorry  sight.     A  sight  that  causes  pity. 

Source  of  annoyance.!  Anything  that  causes  bother  or  trouble. 
Source  of  irritation.    >       J 

Sting.      Anything  that  causes  acute  bodily  or  mental  pain. 
Stroke .     Any  affliction  or  calamity. 


PLEASURABLENESS. 


783 


PLEASURABLENESS— PAINFULNESS. 


PLEASURABLENESS— PAINFULNESS— Continued. 


PLEASURABLENESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Gratify.     To  give  pleasure  to ,  satisfy. 

Gratify  desire,  etc.     To  please.     See  Desire. 

Hit  one's  fancy.     To  be  agreeable  to. 

Humor.     To  indulge  the  fancies,  moods,  and  caprices  of. 

Indulge.     To  yield  to  the  desire  of. 

Interest.     To  arouse  emotion  or  passion  in  behalf  of  a  person  or  thing. 

Make  things  pleasant.     To  please. 

Meet  one's  wishes.     To  be  pleasing  to. 

Offer  pleasure.     To  satisfy.     See  Pleasure. 

Please.     To  excite  agreeable  emotions  or  sensations  in. 

Popularize.     To  make  acceptable  to  the  common  people. 

Present  pleasure .  "i 

Procure  pleasure.  f  To  excite  agreeable  emotions  in.    See  Pleasure. 

Produce  pleasure . ) 

Quench.     To  make  an  end  of  or  satisfy  emotions  or  sensations. 

Ravish.     To  carry  away  with  joy  or  delight. 

Refresh.     To  make  as  if  new. 

Regale.     To  entertain  sumptuously. 

Rejoice  the  heart.     To  make  one  glad. 

Satiate      To  satisfy  fully  the  desire  of 

Satisfy.     To  supply  to  the  full;  make  content. 

Slake.     To  render  inoperative  by  satisfying ,  assuage. 

Stimulate,  etc.     To  excite  to  activity,  etc.     See  Excitation. 

Sweeten.     To  make  pleasing  to  the  mind  or  feelings. 

Take;     To  gain  reception;  please. 

Tickle.     To  please  or  gratify. 

Tickle  one's  fancy.     To  delight  one. 

Tickle  the  palate,  etc.     To  be  agreeable  to  the  taste.     See  Palata- 

BLENESS. 

To  take  one's  fancy.     To  be  pleasing  to. 

Transport.     To  ravish  with  pleasure. 

Treat.     To  furnish  gratuitous  entertainment. 

Warm  the  cockles  of  the  heart.     To  warm  the  inner  chambers  of  the 

heart,  delight.     [Scott.  Southey   Darwin  ] 
Win  the  heart.     To  secure  the  affections  of. 
Yield  pleasure.     To  excite  agreeable  sensations.     See  Pleasure. 

Pleasurableness — Adjectives. 

Acceptable .     Worthy  of  being  accepted  with  pleasure. 

Agreeable.     Pleasing  to  the  mind  or  senses. 

Alluring.     Attractive.     See  Verbs. 

Appetizing,  etc.  Exciting  any  physical  craving  or  desire.  See  Ex- 
citation. 

Attractive,  etc.  Drawing  by  moral  influence  or  pleasing  emotion,  etc. 
See  Motive. 

tseauc.    f   fTaving  power  to  impart  blissful  enjoyment. 
Beatific . ) 

Causing  pleasure.     Delighting.     See  Verbs. 

Charming.     Attractive.     See  Verbs. 

Cheering,  etc.     Comforting,  etc.     See  Lightheartedness. 

Comfortable.     Giving  comfort  or  consolation. 

Cordial.     Sincere;  affectionate;  giving  strength  or  spirits. 

Dainty.     Delicate;  elegant  in  manner  or  breeding. 

Delectable.     Very  pleasing.     [Bunyan,  Pilgrim's  Progress.^ 

Delicate.     Pleasing  to  the  senses. 

Delicious.     Affording  great  pleasure;  charming. 

Delightful.     Highly  pleasing. 

Dulcet     Sweet  to  the  ear.  [Shakespeare,  Midsummer  Night's  Dream 

II.  ii  ] 

Ecstatic.     Immeasurably  delightful. 

Elysian,  etc.     Relating  to  the  abode  of  the  blessed  after  death;  pleas- 
ing in  the  highest  degree,  etc.     See  Heaven. 
Empyrean.      Pertaining  to  the  highest  and  purest  region  of  heaven. 
Enchanting.     Charming.     See  Verbs. 
Engaging .     Attractive. 
Enravishing.     Delighting.     See  Verbs. 
Enticing.     Having  power  to  entice  or  allure. 
Entrancing.     Charming.     See  Verbs 

Exquisite.     Of  surpassing  quality,  delightfully  excellent. 
Fascinating.     Having  an  irresistible  power  over.     See  Verbs. 
Favorite.     Regarded  with  particular  affection  or  preference. 
Felicitous.      Delightful,  prosperous. 
Genial.     Sympathetically  cheerful  and  happy. 
Glad.     Moderately  joyful. 
Gladsome.      Pleasing;  cheerful. 

Grateful,     Willing  to  acknowledge  favors,  affording  pleasure. 
Gratifying.     Satisfying  a  desire      See  Verbs 

Halcyon.     Calm;  peaceful  (the  sea  being  still  whilelhe  bird  broods). 
Heartfelt.     Sincere;  hearty. 


Thorn. 


PAINFULNESS—  Denotations— Continued. 
That  which  pricks  or  annoyi 


Thorn  in  one's  side.  J  A  f  continual  annoyance  or  trouble. 

Thorn  in  the  flesh.  J  * 

Ulcer.     Anything  that  festers  and  corrupts  like  an  open  sore. 
Waters  of  bitterness.     Anything  causing  pain  or  distress  to  the  mind 
Where  the  shoe  pinches.     A  cause  of  annoyance  or  trouble. 
Wound.     An  injury  or  hurt  to  the  feeling,  faculty,  or  reputation. 

Painfulness — Verbs. 

Add  a  nail  to  one's  coffin.  To  do  something  injurious  to  one's  health. 
Afflict.     To  trouble  grievously. 

Affront.     To  insult  to  the  face. 

Aggrieve.     To  give  pain  or  sorrow  to. 

Agonize.     To  suffer  extreme  anguish,  as  a  wrestler  in  the  games 

Annoy.     To  irritate  by  repeated  acts;  vex. 

Appal.     To  depress  or  overcome  with  fear  or  sudden  horror. 

Assail.     To  attack  in  a  hostile  manner. 

Badger.     To  worry  or  irritate  persistently. 

Bait.     To  harass  or  torment  for  sport. 

Barb  the  dart.     To  make  more  cutting  or  severe. 

Beset.     To  set  upon  on  all  sides;  perplex. 

Bite      To  cause  sharp  pain  to. 

Bore.     To  harass  or  weary  by  importunity  or  iteration. 

Bother.     To  annoy  or  perplex. 

Break  on  the  wheel.     To  execute  or  torture. 

Break  the  heart.     To  crush  with  grief 

Bring  one's  gray  hairs  with  sorrow  to  the  grave.  To  cause  great  aor- 
row  to 

Bring  pain.     To  cause  suffering  to.     See  Pleasure-Pain. 

Cause  pain,  etc.     To  grieve      See  Pleasure-Pain. 

Chafe      To  excite  anger  in ,  irritate 

Convulse.     To  agitate  greatly. 

Corrode-     To  eat  away  by  degrees .  prey  upon 

Create  pain,  etc      To  cause  to  suffer.     See  Pleasure-Pain. 

Cross.     To  crash  or  interfere  with. 

Cruciate.     To  torment. 

Crucify.     To  put  to  death  by  nailing  the  hands  and  «eet  to  a  cross. 

Cut.     To  pierce  or  lacerate. 

Cut  to  the  heart.     To  deeply  wound  the  sensibilities  of. 

Cut  to  the  quick.     To  cause  mental  suffering. 

Cut  up.     To  injure  or  wound. 

Discompose.     To  put  into  disorder;  agitate. 

Disenchant.     To  free  from  enchantment. 

Disgust.     To  excite  aversion  in. 

Displease.     To  offend  or  be  disagreeable  to. 

Disquiet.     To  disturb  the  peace  or  tranquillity  of. 

Distress.     To  afflict  with  pain  or  calamity. 

Disturb.     To  agitate  the  mind  of,  throw  into  confusion. 

Draw  tears  from  the  eyes.     To  give  cause  for  weeping. 

Enchafe.     To  chafe  or  heat. 

Enrage.     To  excite  to  anger;  make  furious. 

Fash.     To  tease  or  vex. 

Freeze  the  blood.     To  frighten 

Fret.     To  irritate  or  vex. 

Gall.     To  break  the  skin  by  rubbing;  vex. 

Give  offense,  etc      To  cause  one  to  be  angry.     See  Favorite-Anger. 

Give  pain,  etc.  To  cause  one  sorrow  or  suffering  See  Pleasure- 
Pain 

Gnaw.     To  corrode  or  fret  away. 

Go  against  the  grain.     To  oppose. 

Go  against  the  stomach.     To  sicken. 

Grate  on  the  ear.     To  be  harsh-sounding. 

Grate  upon  the  feelings.     To  be  disagreeable. 

Grieve.     To  cause  grief  to ;  wound  the  feelings. 

Gripe,  etc      To  pinch  or  distress,  etc.     See  Sensuality-Suffering. 

Harass.     To  tire  or  weary  by  importunity  or  fretting 

Harrow.     To  break,  as  with  a  harrow ;  vex. 

Harry.     To  agitate  or  worry 

Haunt  the  memory.     To  be  unab'e  to  forget. 

Horrify.  To  strike  with  extreme  dread  or  terror  mixed  wiih  detesta- 
tion 

Hurt.     To  injure  or  wound  the  feelings  of. 

Hurt  the  feelings  of.     To  displease. 

Importune.     To  press  again  and  again  with  the  same  request:  tease. 

Incommode.     To  cause  inconvenience  to;  disturb 

Induce  pain,  etc      To  hurt      See  Pleasure-Pain. 

Infest.     To  trouble  greatly  by  presence  and  numbers. 

Inflict  pain,  etc.     To  injure.     See  Pleasure-Pain. 

Irk.     To  weary  or  annoy;  used  impersonally. 

Irritate.     To  cause  to  become  angry  or  displeased ;  provoke. 

Jar  upon  the  feelings.     To  displease. 


PLEASURABLENESS. 


784 


PLEASURABLENESS—  PAINFULNESS. 


PLEASURABLENESS—  PAINFULLNESS- Continued. 


PLEASURABLENESS—  Adjectives— Continued. 

Inviting.     Alluring;  tempting. 
Killing.     Captivating;  irresistible. 

tt-f  *}  Pleasing;  agreeable. 

Lovely,  etc.     Charming;  amiable,  etc.     See  Beauty. 

Luscious,  etc.      Delicious;  sweet,  etc.     See  Sweetness. 

Luxurious.     Pertaining  to  luxury. 

Nice.     Delicate;  dainty. 

Palatable,  etc.  Agreeable  to  the  taste;  acceptable,  etc.  See  Palata- 
bleness. 

Palmy.     Prosperous,  flourishing. 

Pleasant.     Agreeable  to  the  mind  or  senses. 

Pleasing.     Giving  pleasure.     See  Verbs. 

Pleasurable.     Capable  of  giving  pleasure. 

Pleasure-giving.     Pleasing. 

Prepossessing.     Attracting  confidence,  esteem,  or  love. 

Rapturous.     Ecstatic;  transporting. 

Ravishing.     Transporting. 

Refreshing.      Reviving. 

Satisfactory,  etc.     Giving  satisfaction,  etc.     See  Goodness. 

Saturnian.      Distinguished  for  peacefulness,  as  the  reign  of  Saturn. 

Seducing.     Enticing  from  the  right.    See  Verbs. 

Seductive.     Tending  to  lead  astray. 

Sensual,  etc.  Given  to  the  pleasures  of  sense  and  appetite,  etc.  See 
Sensuality. 

Seraphic.     Sublime;  angelic. 

Sweet.     Pleasing  to  the  senses  or  mind;  amiable;  winning. 

Taking.     Attracting.     See  Verbs. 

Thrilling.     Producing  a  tingling  or  exquisite  sensation. 

To  one's  liking.  "1 

To  one's  mind.   >  Pleasing. 

To  one's  taste.  ) 

Voluptuous.  Ministering  to  sensual  gratification  or  given  to  the  en- 
joyments of  luxury  and  pleasure. 

Welcome.     Received  gladly;  grateful. 

Welcome  as  the  roses  in  May.     Delightful. 

Welcomed.      Received  or  saluted  with  kindness. 

Winning.     Suited  to  gain  favor. 

Winsome.     Causing  pleasure ;  gladsome. 

Pleasurableness — Phrases, 
Chose  qui  plait  est  it  demi  vendue  [F.J.     A  thing  that  pleases  is  half 

sold. 
Decies  repetita  placebit    [L.fl.      Though  repeated  ten  times,  it  will 

please. 


PAINFULNESS— Verbs— Continued  from  Column  2. 

Wound  the  feelings.     To  hurt  or  distress. 

Wound  to  the  quick.     To  cause  mental  suffering. 

Wring.     To  twist;  afflict. 

Wring  the  heart.     To  cause  intense  pain  or  anguish  to. 

Painpulness — Adjectives. 

Abhorrent.     Detesting;  repugnant  to. 

Acute.     Sharp;  keen;  intense. 

Affecting.     Moving  the  emotions;  pathetic. 

Afflicting.     Causing  suffering.     See  Verbs. 

Afflictive.     Causing  pain  or  grief ;  distressing. 

Aggravating.     Making  more  heinous;  provoking. 

Agonizing.     Causing  intense  pain.     See  Verbs, 

Annoying.      Disturbing.     See  Verbs, 

Appalling.      Making  pale  with  fear.     See  Verbs, 

Awkward.     Embarrassing. 

Biting.     Causing  intense  mental  or  physical  suffering.     See  Verbs. 

Bitter.     Having  an  acrid,  biting  taste;  distressing;  painful. 

Bothering.     Causing  trouble.     See  Verbs, 

Burdensome.     Grievous  to  be  borne. 

Calamitous.      Producing  distress  or  misery;  unhappy. 

Carking.     Distressing;  corroding. 

Causing  pain.     Hurtful.     See  Pleasure-Pain. 

Caustic.     Burning;  severe;  sharp. 

Cheerless.     Without  joy  or  comfort. 

Comfortless.     Wanting  comfort;  in  distress. 

Consuming.      Destroying;  wasting. 

Corroding.     Gnawing ;  wasting  away.     See  Verbs. 

Cruel.     Having  pleasure  in  giving  pain  to  others;  bloody. 

Crushing.      That  crushes  or  oppresses  grievously. 

Cumbersome.     Burdensome;  vexatious. 

Cumbrous.      Making  action  difficult 

Cutting.      Paining      See  Verbs. 


PAINFULNESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Lacerate  the  heart.     To  afflict. 

Lancinate,     To  tear  or  pierce. 

Make  one  shudder.     To  frighten 

Make  one  sick.     To  be  very  disagreeable  to. 

Make  the  blood  curdle.     \  To  have  a  sensation  as  of  the  freezing  oi 

Make  the  blood  run  cold./      the  blood,  caused  by  fright,  pain,  etc. 

Make  the  flesh  creep.     To  cause  a  sensation  as  of  insects  creeping 

over  the  skin. 
Make  the  hair  stand  on  end.     To  frighten. 
Make  the  heart  bleed.     To  cause  intense  pain  or  sorrow  to. 
Make  unhappy,  etc.     To  cause  sorrow  or  grief.     See  Pleasure-Pain. 
Maltreat.     To  treat  badly  or  abuse. 
Molest.     To  annoy  by  trespass  or  interference. 
Mortify.     To  affect  with  vexation  or  humiliation. 
Nauseate.     To  affect  with  a  feeling  of  nausea;  loathe. 
Kettle.     To  excite  irritation  or  uneasiness  in;  provoke. 
Occasion  pain,  etc.     To  cause  mental  or  physical  suffering.     See 

Pleasure-Pain. 
Offend.     To  make  angry  or  affront. 

Pain.     To  render  uneasy  in  body  or  mind;  torment;  distress. 
Perplex.     To  distress  with  doubt  or  anxiety;  puzzle. 
Persecute.     To  harass  with  importunity;  beset  with  cruelty. 
Pester.     To  harass  with  little  vexations  or  annoyances. 
Pierce.     To  affect  deeply. 
Pierce  the  heart.     To  cause  pain  to. 

Pinch.     To  press  or  squeeze  so  as  to  cause  pain;  distress. 
Pique.     To  excite  irritation  in;  nettle. 
Plague.     To  infest  with  disease  or  calamity;  vex. 
Plant  a  dagger  in  the  breast.  1  ^  .  _ 

Plant  a  thorn  in  one's  side.    J  To  cause  intense  pain  or  sorrow  to" 
Plunge  into  sorrow.     To  cause  pain  or  suffering  to. 
Pother.     To  perplex  or  worry. 
Prey  on  the  heart.  ")  ™     ,  . ,        ,  .  , 

Prey  on  the  mind     >  ve   troubIe   which    causes  a  wasting  or 

Prey  on  the  spirits  J     pining  away" 
Prick.     To  affect  with  sharp  pain. 
Produce  pain,  etc.     To  hurt.     See  Pleasure-Pain. 
Provoke.     To  call  forth  into  action;  make  angry. 
Put  to  the  question.     To  subject  to  a  test. 
Put  to  the  rack.     To  subject  to  punishment;  torture. 
Rack.     To  torment;  oppress  by  extortion. 
Rankle.     To  fester;  cause  a  sore. 
Rend  the  heart.  \ «    .        ,  ,   , 

Rend  the  heart-strings./  To  break  one  s  heart* 
Repel.     To  repulse ;  drive  or  keep  away. 
Revolt.     To  do  violence  to. 
Rile.     To  stir  up  or  make  angry. 
Ruffle.     To  disturb  or  agitate. 

Sadden.     To  make  grave  or  sorrowful ;  become  sad. 
Scarify.     To  scratch  or  cut  the  skin  of. 
Set  the  teeth  on  edge.     To  cause  a  grinding  of  the  teeth,  as  by  anger 

or  pain. 
Shock.     To  meet  with  hostile  violence ;  strike  with  horror  or  disgust. 
Sicken.     To  make  sick;  disgust. 

Smite,  etc.     To  strike  or  afflict,  etc.     See  Recompense-Punition. 
Snap  at.     To  utter  harsh,  angry  words  to. 
Sour  the  temper.     To  make  the  temper  disagreeable. 
Stick  in  one's  gizzard.     To  harbor  resentment. 
Stick  in  one's  throat.     To  be  overcome  by  fear,  etc.,  as  to  be  unable 

to  speak. 
Sting.     To  pain  sharply. 

Sting  to  the  quick.     To  cause  intense  mental  pain  to. 
Stink  in  the  nostrils.     To  be  a  constant  source  of  irritation  or  trouble. 
Tear  the  heart-strings.     To  break  one's  heart. 
Tease.     To  give  slight  or  playful  annoyance. 
Tire.     To  become  weary  or  fatigued. 
Torment.     To  subject  to  extreme  pain  or  anguish. 
Torture.     To  cause  to  suffer  keenly. 
Trouble.     To  put  into  confusion;  distress. 
Try  the  patience.     To  torment. 
Turn  the  stomach.     To  sicken. 
Tweak  the  nose.     To  pinch  the  nose  and  pull  it  with  a  sudden  jerk 

and  twist. 
Vex.     To  make  angry  or  to  annoy  by  petty  provocations;  irritate. 
Weigh  on  the  heart.  ")  ~*    .  U1.        *.    •  1    *  *       • 

Weigh  on  the  mind.    ^To  be  "nable  to  get  nd  of  a  BOUrce  of  paiD  m 
Weigh  on  the  spirits.)      trouble" 
Wherret.     To  trouble  or  tease. 

Worry.     To  attack  repeatedly;  beset  with  importunity. 
Wound.     To  hurt  so  as  to  draw  blood;  hurt  the  feelings  o€. 
(Continued  on  Column  1.) 


JPAINFULNESS. 


785 


PLEASURE. 


PAINFULNESS— Adjectives— Continued. 


To   be   a   cause    of    irritation    or 
anger. 


Deplorable.     Worthy  of  being  lamented ;  causing  grief. 
Depressing.     Casting  a  gloom  upon. 
Depreesive.     Tending  to  cast  down. 
Desolating.     Making  desolate;  ruining. 
Dire.     Evil  in  a  degree ;  very  calamitous. 
Disagreeable.     Not  agreeable;  unpleasant. 
Disastrous.     Attended  with  suffering  or  disaster. 
Disgusting.     Sickening.     See  Verbs. 
Disheartening.     Depriving  of  courage  and  hope. 
Dismal.     Gloomy,  depressing  to  the  feelings. 
Displeasing.     Disagreeable  to.     See  Verbs. 
Distasteful.     Unpleasant  to  the  taste ;  offensive  to  the  feelings, 
Distressing.     Causing  pain  or  trouble.     See  Verbs. 
Dolorific.     Causing  grief. 
Dolorous.     Full  of  grief;  sorrowful. 
Dreadful.     Inspiring  dread  or  great  fear. 
Dreary.     Arousing  cheerless  sensations  or  associations. 
Enough  to  drive  one  mad. 
Enough  to  make  a  parson  swear 
Enough  to  provoke  a  saint. 

Envenomed.     Tainted  with  bitterness  or  hatred. 
Excruciating-     Inflicting  agonizing  pain  upon. 
Execrable.     Very  hateful,  abominable. 
Fearful.     Inspiring  fear  or  awe. 
Frightful.     Exciting  alarm  or  terror. 
Fulsome.     Disgusting  by  excess  or  grossness. 
Galling.     Causing  pain  or  bitterness.     See  Verbs. 
Grating.     Making  a  harsh  sound. 
Grave .     Weighty ,  solemn 
Grievous.     Causing  grief .  afflictive. 
Grim,     Having  a  fear -inspiring  aspect. 
Grinding.     Oppressing  by  severe  exactions. 
Harassing.     Troubling  continually.     See  Verbs* 
Hard.     Not  easy,  cruel. 
Harrowing.     Inflicting  pain      See  Verbs. 
Harsh.     Repulsive  to  the  sensibilities. 
Hateful.     Exciting  great  dislike  or  disgust. 
Heart-breaking. 
Heart-corrodi  ng . 
Heart-rending. 
Heart-sickening. 
Heart- wounding. 

Hideous,    etc.     Exciting    terror,    etc.     See    Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement. 
Horrible.     Exciting  horror  or  fear. 
Horrid.     Suited  to  excite  horror. 
Horrific.     Causing  horror. 
Horrifying.     Frightening.     See  Verbs. 

Hurtful,  etc.     Causing  loss  or  injury,  etc.     See  Goodness-Badness. 
Hurting.     Causing  pain  or  suffering.     See  Verbs. 
Importunate.     Overpressing  in  demand. 
Insufferable  ■     Offensive  beyond  endurance. 
Insupportable.     That  cannot  be  borne  or  endured. 
Intolerable.     That  cannot  be  tolerated. 
Invidious.     Likely  to  produce  ill  will. 
Irksome.     Causing  uneasiness  by  long  continuance. 
Irritating.     Causing  trouble      See  Verbs. 
Joyless.     Without  joy :  not  causing  joy 
Lamentable.     Sorrowful;  suited  to  awaken  lament. 
Loathful.     Hating,  disgusting. 
Loathsome.      Exciting  loathing  or  disgust. 
Melancholy      Depression  of  spirits,  as  by  black  bile. 
More  than  flesh  and  blood  can  bear.     Overcoming  by  pain  or  sorrow 
Mortifying       Disheartening ;  death-making.     See  Verbs. 
Mournful.     Full  of  sorrow;  saddening. 
Nasty.     Disgusting;  offensive 


•  Causing  overpowering  sorrow. 


Nauseating.     Sickening.     See  Verbs. 
Nauseous.     Causing  nausea  or  seasickness;  loathsome. 
Not  to  be  borne.     \  TT  ,         ,  . 
Not  to  be  endured./ Unbearable- 
Obnoxious.     Exposed  to  censure ;  blameworthy. 
Odious.     Provoking  hatred  or  disgust. 
Offensive.     Causing  pain  or  unpleasant  sensations. 
Onerous.     Oppressive 
Oppressive.     Unjustly  severe  or  harsh. 
Painful.     Full  of  pain ;  causing  pain  or  distress. 
Past  bearing.     Painful  or  irritating,  as  to  be  unbearable. 
Pathetic.     Moving  to  pity  or  grief. 

Pestering.     Paining  by  continuous  annoyance.     See  Verbs* 
Piteous.     Miserable ;  fitted  to  excite  pity. 
Pitiable.     Worthy  of  pity. 
Plaguing.     Worrying.     See  Verbs. 
Plaguy.     Troublesome,  tormenting. 
Provoking.     Teasing.     See  Verbs. 
Racking.     Unfeeling.     See  Verbs. 
Rending.     Tearing  asunder;  bursting. 
Repellent.     Able  or  tending  to  repel. 
.    Repulsive.     Serving  to  repulse. 

Revolting.     Causing  gross  offense  to.     See  Verbs. 

Rueful.     Mournful ;  sorrowful. 

Ruinous.     Causing  ruin ;  pernicious. 

Sad.      Affected  with  grief;  calamitous. 

Searching.     Penetrating;  trying. 

Severe.     Sharp;  distressing. 

Sharp.     Keen;  biting;  violent. 

Shocking.     Causing  to  recoil  with  horror  or  disgust.     See  Verbs. 

Sickening.     Making  sick.     See  Verbs. 

Sore.     Painful;  sensitive;  distressing. 

Stinging.     Inflicting  sharp  pain.     See  Verbs. 

Teasing.     Annoying.     See  Verbs. 

Terrific.     Causing  terror  or  great  fear. 

Thankless.     Ungrateful. 

Thrilling.     Penetrating;  feeling  a  tingling  sensation  through  thf 

body 
Tiresome.     Tending  to  tire ;  tedious. 
Tormenting.     Troublesome.     See  Verbs. 
Touching.     Affecting,  pathetic. 
Tragical.     Expressive  of  the  loss  of  life  or  of  sorrow. 
Tremendous.     Suited  to  excite  terror  or  fear;  terrible. 
Troublesome.     Causing  trouble  or  anxiety. 
Unacceptable.     Not  acceptable. 
Unaccommodating.     Not  disposed  to  please. 
Unbearable.     That  cannot  be  endured. 
Uncomfortable.     Unpleasant. 
Undesirable.!  -*.  ,  , 

Undesired.    1  agreeable. 
Unendurable.     Not  to  be  borne. 
Uninviting.     Not  wished  for. 
Unlucky.     Unhappy. 
Unpalatable.     Not  pleasant  to  the  taste. 

UnpleasTng:}  Not  Peasant. 

Unpopular.     Not  pleasing  to  the  people. 

Unsatisfactory ,     Unable  to  cause  a  feeling  of  satisfaction. 

Untoward.     Perverse,  troublesome. 

Unwelcome.     Not  desired. 

Vexatious.     Causing  annoyance  or  trouble. 

Vile.etc.     Mean,  morally  impure,  etc.     See  Goodness-Badness. 

Wearisome.     Making  weary  or  tired. 

Withering.     Causing  to  languish  or  pass  away. 

Woful.     Causing  calamity  or  distress 

Worrying.     Causing  mental  pain  to.     See  Verbs. 


Deuced.      Devilishly:  confoundedly. 
Painfully.     Hurtful.     See  Adjectives. 

Hinc  illce  lachrymm  [L.].     Hence  these  tears. 


Painpulness — Adverbs,  etc. 

With  pain,  etc.     Injuriously      See  Pleasure-Pain, 

Painpulness — Interjection 
Pain  fulness — Phrases. 


Surgit  amarx  ahquid  [1,  ^      Something  bitter  rises. 

The  iron  entering  into  the  soul.     A  cause  of  mental  suffering. 


The  place  being  too  hot  to  hold  one.     In  an  uncomfortable  or  dis- 
agreeable position. 


pleas'-ure         Delight.       Entertainment-Weariness. 
Moderation -Selfindulgence,      Pleasure- Pain, 
Readiness-  Reluctance,  Sensuality- Suffering, 
5° 


Volition-Obligation;  at  pleasure,  Volition-Obli- 
gation; at  one's  pleasure,  Choice-Neutralitv 
Rule-License  ;  during  pleasure,  Contingent-Dura- 


PLEASURE. 


786 


PLEASURE— PAIN. 


tion  ;  give  pleasure,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness,  Sensuality-Suffering  ;  man  of  pleasure, 
Moderation-Voluptuary;       take    one's    pleasure, 


Entertainment-Weariness  ;  will  and  pleasure,VoLi- 
tion-Obligation;  with  pleasure,  Readiness-Re- 
luctance, Way. 


PLEASURE— PAIN. 


Beatitude.     Consummate  bliss. 

Bliss.     Heavenly  joy. 

Cheer.     Mirth,  cheerfulness. 

Cheerfulness.     A  state  of  moderate  joy. 

Comfort.     Positive  enjoyment  of  a  strength-giving  kind. 

Complacency.     Quiet  contentment. 

Delectation.     Great  pleasure. 

Delight.     Extreme  pleasure. 

Ease.     Tranquillity;  comfort. 

Ecstasy.     Extreme  delight ;  rapture. 

Enchantment.  An  overpowering  or  irresistible  influence  which  fas- 
cinates or  delights. 

Enjoyment.     Pleasure  or  satisfaction. 

Felicity.     Intense  happiness. 

Fruition.    The  pleasure  or  satisfaction  derived  from  possession  or  use. 

Gladness.     The  state  of  being  glad ;  cheerfulness. 

Glee.     Joy,  gaiety. 

Good,  etc.     Welfare,  prosperity,  etc.     See  Good. 

Gratification.     Satisfaction;  delight. 

Gusto,  etc.     Keen  enjoyment,  etc.     See  Sensuality. 

Happiness.     The  state  of  mind  resulting  from  the  enjoyment  of  good . 

Joy.     Exhilaration  of  spirit. 

Mind  at  ease.     A  condition  of  satisfaction  and  pleasure. 

Oblectation.     The  state  of  being  greatly  delighted. 

Pleasure.     The  gratification  of  the  mind. 

Rapture.     Extreme  pleasure  or  joy,  ecstasy. 

Ravishment.     Transport  of  joy. 

Sans  souci  [F.fl.     Without  care. 

Satisfaction.  Complacency  of  mind  resulting  from  compliance  with 
its  desires. 

Snugness.     The  state  of  being  cozy. 

Summum  bonunt  [L.fl.     The  highest  good. 

Transport.     Great  emotion,  rapture. 

Unalloyed  happiness.     Pure  and  unlimited  happiness. 

Well-being.     Happiness,  prosperity. 

Zest.     Agreeable  excitement  of  mind  accompanying  mental  exercise . 

Pleasure — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Amusement,  etc.  That  which  amuses,  a  diversion,  etc.  See  En- 
tertainment. 

Beatification.     The  act  of  making  happy. 

Cushion,  etc.  A  soft  pillow,  also  a  riotous  kind  of  dance,  formerly 
common  at  weddings,  etc.     See  Suspension-Support. 

Luxury,  etc.  Something  rare  or  costly  which  gives  pleasure,  etc.  See 
Sensuality. 

Refreshment.     That  which  refreshes  or  reanimates. 

Relish.     The  power  of  pleasing. 

Sunshine.     A  cheering  influence. 

Treat.     Aji  entertainment  given  as  an  expression  of  regard. 

Pleasure— Nouns  of  Time. 

Golden  age.  The  fabulous  age  of  primeval  simplicity  and  purity  of 
manners. 

Golden  time.     Time  of  greatest  enjoyment  or  opportunity. 

Halcyon  days.     Happy  days  of  rest  in  strenuous  life. 

Honeymoon.     The  first  month  after  marriage. 

Palmy  days.     Prosperous  or  flourishing  days. 

Saturnalia  regna  [L.fl.  A  Roman  festival  during  which  unrestrained 
license  and  merriment  reigned. 

Pleasure — Nouns  of  Place. 

Agapemone.  A  religious  community  of  men  and  women,  organized, 
in  1846,  at  Charlynch,  England. 

Arcadia.  A  district  of  Greece,  noted  for  the  contentment  and  hap- 
piness of  its  people ;  hence,  figuratively,  any  region  of  pleasure  and 
quiet  happiness. 

Elysium,  etc.     The  seat  of  future  happiness,  etc.     See  Heaven. 

Happy  valley.  In  Johnson's  Rasselas,  a  valley  of  delights,  situated 
in  Abyssinia. 

Paradise.  The  abode  of  sanctified  souls  after  death , hence,  any  region 
of  delight. 

Seventh  heaven.)  A  sublime  or  exalted  condition  referred  to  by  the 

Third  heaven.     J      Apostle  Paul. 

Pleasure — Verbs. 

Bask  in  the  sunshine.     To  be  under  warming  or  cheering  influences. 

Be  in  clover,  etc.  To  be  in  pleasant  circumstances,  etc.  See  Sensu- 
ality. 


Ache.     A  dull,  protracted  pain. 

Aching  heart.     A  condition  of  continued  pain. 

Affliction.     Sore  distress  of  mind ;  flog^ng. 

Agony.     Intense  suffering  of  mind. 

Anguish.     Excessive  grief  or  mental  pain. 

Annoyance.     The  state  of  being  annoyed  orirritated. 

Anxiety.     Distress  of  mind  about  something  in  the  future. 

Bitterness.     Deep  distress  or  vexation  of  mind. 

Bleeding  heart.     A  condition  of  great  grief  or  suffering 

Bother.     Petty  trouble. 

Botheration.     The  state  of  being  annoyed.. 

Broken  heart.     Crushed  or  depressed  spirit. 

Care.     Trouble  caused  by  onerous  duties. 

Cark.     Solicitude;  worry. 

Chagrin.     A  keen  sense  of  mortification. 

Concern.     Solicitude  or  anxiety  for  any  person  or  thing. 

Dejection,  etc.     Mental  depression,  etc.     See  Lightheartedness- 

Dejection. 
Depth  of  misery.     A  condition  of  greatest  misery. 
Desolation.     Sadness;  gloominess. 
Despair,  etc.    Utter  hopelessness,  etc.    See  Sanguineness-Hopeless- 

ness. 
Discomfort.     Lack  of  comfort;  mental  unrest. 
Discomposure.     Mental  agitation. 
Discontent,  etc.     Uneasiness  of    mind,  etc.     See  Contentedness- 

Discontentment. 
Displeasure.     Irritation  of  mind;  dissatisfaction. 
Disquiet.     An  unsettled  condition  of  mind;  restlessness. 
Dissatisfaction.     Discontent. 
Distress.     Extreme  pain  or  anguish  of  mind. 
Dole.     Sorrow  or  grief . 
Dolor.     Pain  or  distress. 
Ephialtes.     The  nightmare. 

Extremity.     The  highest  degree  of  pain  or  suffering. 
Fiery  ordeal.     A  painful  experience. 
Fret.     Irritation  of  temper. 

Gnawing  grief.     A  continual  cause  of  mental  suffering. 
Grief.     Sorrow  for  some  definite  cause,  usually  in  the  past. 
Heartache.     Sorrow  or  anguish  of  mind. 

Heavy  heart!0"  1  A  state  of  pain'  distress-  or  grief. 

Hell  upon  earth.     A  continuous  state  of  mental  torment. 

Ills  that  flesh  is  heir  to.  Whatever  annoys  or  impairs  happiness. 
[Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  III,  i.] 

Incubus.     The  nightmare. 

Infelicity.     Unhappiness;  misery. 

Infliction.     Mental  punishment  or  disgrace. 

Inquietude.     Disturbed  state  of  mind. 

Irritation.     Excitement  of  passion  or  anger. 

Malaise  [F.J.     Uneasiness. 

Mauvais  quart  d'heure  [F.].     A  bad  quarter  of  an  hour. 

Mental  suffering. 

Miseries  of  human  life.     Pain  of  body  or  mind. 

Misery.     Excessive  pain  of  mind ;  wretchedness. 

Mortification.     Depression  caused  by  disappointment. 

Nightmare.  A  condition  in  sleep  characterized  by  extreme  uneasi- 
ness or  discomfort. 

Ordeal.     A  painful  experience. 

Pain.     Distressing  or  afflicting  emotion. 

Pang.     A  fit  of  extreme  pain  or  anguish. 

Passion.     Violent  agitation  of  mind  in  anger. 

Peck  of  trouble.     A  great  deal  of  trouble. 

Prostration .     Great  depression . 

Purgatory.  A  state  or  place  of  purification  after  death.  See  Heaven- 
Hell. 

Sea  of  troubles.  Troubles  resembling  the  sea  in  vastness.  [Shake- 
speare, Hamlet,  III,  i.] 

Shock.     A  sudden  agitation  of  the  mind  or  feelings. 

Smart,  etc.  Lively  pain;  pungent  grief,  etc.  See  Sensuality-Suf- 
fering. 

Solicitude.     Mental  unrest  on  account  of  fear  of  evil  or  desire  of  good. 

Sorrow.     Mental  pain  caused  by  some  loss  or  disappointment. 

Stew.     A  state  of  worry. 

Sufferance.     The  state  of  suffering. 

Suffering.     See  Verbs. 

Taking.     Distress  of  mind. 

Torment.     Extreme  pain  or  anguish. 


PLEASURE. 


787 


PLEASURE— PAIN. 


PLEASURE— PAIN— Continued. 


PLEASURE—  Verbs— Continued. 


Be  in  elysium,  etc.     To  be  in  a  delightful  place,  etc.     See  H  ea ven. 
Be  pleased,  etc.     To  have  agreeable  sensations.     See  Pleasurable- 

ness. 
Be  pleased  with  etc.     To  derive  pleasure  from.     See  Pleasurable- 

ness. 
Breathe  freely.     To  be  comfortable. 
Delight  in.     To  take  great  pleasure  in. 
Derive  pleasure  from.     To  be  satisfied  with. 
Enjoy.     To  possess  and  use  with  satisfaction. 
Enjoy  oneself.     To  derive  pleasure  from. 
Enter  into  the  spirit  of.     To  approve  and  gain  pleasure  from. 
Experience  pleasure.     To  have  agreeable  emotions.     See  Nouns. 
Fall  into  raptures.     To  be  very  much  delighted.     See  Nouns. 
Feel  at  home.     To  be  free  from  care. 
Feel  pleasure.     To  be  pleased  with. 

Gloat  over,  etc.     To  exhibit  evil  pleasure  over,  etc.     See  Sensuality. 
Go  into  raptures.     To  be  carried  away  by  pleasure.     See  Nouns. 
Have  a  liking  for.     To  be  pleased  with. 
Hug  oneself.     To  congratulate  oneself. 
Indulge  in.     To  give  oneself  up  to. 
Joy.     To  rejoice  or  delight. 
Like.     To  be  pleased  with. 

Love,  etc.     To  regard  with  affection,  etc.     See  Love. 
Luxuriate  in.     To  indulge  in  with  unrestrained  delight. 
Receive  pleasure  from.     To  enjoy  oneself. 
Rejoice  in.     To  feel  joy  in. 
Relish.     To  eat  with  pleasure;  enjoy. 
Solace  oneself  with.     To  derive  comfort  from. 
Take  a  fancy  to.     To  like. 
Take  in  good  part.     To  make  the  best  of. 
Take  pleasure  in.     To  be  delighted  with. 
Take  to.     To  be  fond  of. 

Tread  on  enchanted  ground.     To  be  in  a  state  of  high  delight. 
Treat  oneself  to.     To  enjoy. 

Pleasure — Adjectives, 

At  ease.     Without  care. 
Beatic.     Happy. 
Beatified.     Made  happy. 

Blest*     i  EnJ°ying  naPPiness* 

Blissful.     Full  of  joy  and  felicity. 

Captivated,     Charmed  or  fascinated. 

Cloudless.     Clear;  bright. 

Comfortable,  etc.     Contented;  cheering,  etc.     See  Sensuality. 

Content,  etc.     Limited  in  desires  to  what  one  possesses,  etc.     See 

Contentedness. 
Ecstatic.     Delightful  beyond  measure. 
Enchanted.     Under  the  power  of  enchantment. 
Enjoying.     Deriving  pleasure  from.     See  Verbs. 
Enraptured.     Transported  with  pleasure. 
Enravished.     Delighted  beyond  measure. 
Entranced.     Ravished  with  delight. 
Fascinated.     Operated  on  by  an  irresistible  charm. 
Glad.     Happy,  pleased. 
Gladsome.     Pleased;  causing  joy. 
Happy.     Enjoying  good  of  any  kind. 
Happy  as  a  king.  )  ^  .      . 

Happy  as  the  day  is  long.  /  Degrees  of  enjoyment. 
In  a  blissful  state .     Happy. 
In  a  transport  of  delight.     Delighted. 

In  ecstasies.!  In  a  state  or  condition  of  overcoming  pleasure.     See 
In  paradise.)      Nouns. 

In  raptures.     In  a  state  of  agreeable  excitement. 
Joyful,  etc.     Full  of  joy,  etc.     See  Lightheartedness. 
Not  sorry.     Glad. 
Overjoyed      Extremely  gratified. 
Painless.     Without  pain. 

Pleased,  etc.     Enjoying.     See  Pleasurableness. 
Pleased  as  Punch.     Very  much  pleased. 

Pleasing,  etc.     Deriving  pleasure  from.     See  Pleasurableness. 
Raptured.     Enraptured. 
Ravished.     Delighted  to  ecstasy. 
Sans  souci  [F.J     Without  care. 

Ter  quaterque  beatus  [L.J     Thrice  and  four  times  happy. 
Thrice  happy.     Very  happy. 
Transported,     Carried  away  with  pleasure. 
Unalloyed.     Not  mixed  with  misfortune. 
With  a  joyful  face.     Delighted. 
Without  alloy.     With  unrestrained  pleasure. 
With  sparkling  eyes.     Happy. 


Torture .     Anguish  of  mind 

Trial.     That  which  tries  or  afflicts. 

Tribulation.     Severe  affliction;  thrashing. 

Trouble.     That  which  causes  disturbance  or  affliction. 

Uneasiness.     The  state  of  being  uneasy  or  restless. 

Un happiness.     The  state  of  being  unhappy  or  sorrowful. 

Unkindest  cut  of  all.     The  most  unjust  or  cruel  blow  01  treatment 

[Shakespeare,  C&sar,  III,  ii.J 
Vexation.     The  state  of  being  vexed;  agitation. 
Vexation  of  spirit.     A  cause  of  trouble  or  disquiet. 
Weariness.     The  state  of  being  weary  or  exhausted  of  strength. 
Wo.     Overwhelming  sorrow. 
Worry.     A  state  of  undue  anxiety  or  care. 
Wretchedness.     Extreme  misery. 

Pain — Nouns  of  Cause 

Blow.     A  sudden  calamity. 

Bore.     A  tiresome  person  or  thing. 

Burden.     That  which  is  grievous  or  oppressive. 

Esclandre  [F.\.     A  scandal  or  exposure. 

Load.     That  which  burdens  or  oppresses. 

Plague,     That  which  smites  or  troubles;  a  calamity. 

Visitation.     A  retributive  calamity. 

Pa  in — Figurative  Expressions. 

Iron  age.     A  degenerate  or  unjust  period. 

Reign  of  Terror.     The  period  in  the  French  Revolution  from  May, 

1 793.  to  August,  i  704,  in  which  thousands  were  guillotined ;  hence. 

any  period  of  great  distress. 
Slough  of  despond,  etc.     A  fit  of  mental  depression  or  distress,  etc. 

See  Welfare-Misfortune.     [Bunyan,  Pilgrim's  Progress.} 

Pain — Associated  Nouns. 
Martyr.     One  who  suffers  death  for  his  religion ;  a  witness. 
Object  of  compassion.     A  person  or  thing  to  be  pitied. 
Prey.     One  given  up  as  a  victim. 
Shorn  lamb.     A   person  overcome   by  suffering  or  sorrow.    "God 

tempers  the  wind  to  the  shorn  lamb.*'     [Sterne.] 
Sufferer.     One  who  has  a  painful  experience. 
Victim.     One  who  is  injxired,  killed,  or  sacrificed. 
Wretch.     A  miserable  person  or  one  sunken  in  vice. 

Pain — Verbs. 
Ache,  etc.     To  be  in  continued  pain,  etc.     See  Sensuality-Suffer 

ING. 

Ail.     To  affect  with  pain;  trouble. 

Bear  pain.     To  endure.     See  Nouns. 

Be  in  a  taking.     To  be  suddenly  seized  with  pain. 

Be  on  pins  and  needles.     To  be  in  an  uncomfortable  state. 

Be  the  victim  of.     To  be  pained  or  injured  by.     See  Nouns, 

Bleed.     To  feel  deep  sympathy  or  grief. 

Break  one's  heart.     To  cause  one  grief  or  sorrow. 

Chafe.     To  be  vexed  or  irritated. 

Come  to  grief.     To  fail  or  be  disappointed. 

Despair,  etc.  To  give  up  all  hope,  etc.  See  Sanguineness-Hopk- 
lessness. 

Drain  the  cup  of  misery  to  the  dregs.  To  undergo  the  greatest  distress 
or  vexation. 

Droop.     To  despond  or  languish. 

Endure  pain.        \  „        _ 

Experience  pain./  To  suffer. 

Fall  on  evil  days,  etc.  To  be  in  a  season  of  distress.  See  Welfare. 
Misfortune. 

Feel  pain.     To  suffer. 

Fret.     To  be  vexed  or  agitated. 

Fret  and  fume.     To  be  irritated. 

Give  way.     To  yield  to  pressure. 

Go  hard  with.     To  meet  with  troubles. 

Grieve.     To  cause  to  suffer;  mourn. 

Have  a  bad  time  of  it.     To  be  in  trouble. 

Labor  under  afflictions.     To  be  in  pain  or  suffering. 

Languish.     To  become  languid ;  to  pine  away. 

Mourn,  etc.  To  be  sorrowful  or  in  a  state  of  grief,  etc.  See  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation. 

Pine.     To  waste  away  under  anxiety  of  mind. 

Quaff  the  bitter  cup.     To  be  subject  to  misery  or  vexation. 

Repine.     To  feel  inward  distress  that  preys  on  the  spirits. 

Sink.     To  cause  to  decline. 

Sit  on  thorns.     To  be  in  a  most  uncomfortable  position. 

Smart.     To  feel  a  pricking  pain  of  mind. 

Suffer.     To  endure  or  undergo  with  pain. 

Suffer  pain.     To  be  in  mental  or  physical  trouble. 


PLEASURE. 


788 


PLEONASM. 


PLEASURE— PAIN— Continued. 


Pleasure — Adverbs,  etc. 
Happily.     With  happiness.     See  Adjectives. 
With  glee.     Joyfully.     See  Nouns. 
With  pleasure.     Obligingly.     See  Readiness. 

Pleasure — Phrases. 

Empta  dolore  docet  experientta  [L.fl.  Experience  bought  with  pain 
teaches. 

Est  qiuzdam  fiere  voluptas  [L.j.  There  is  in  weeping  a  certain  pleas- 
ure.    [Ovid,  Tristia,  IV,  iii,  37.] 

Mens  sana  in  corpore  sano  [L.jJ.  A  sound  mind  in  a  sound  body. 
[Juvenal,  10,  356. 1 

.Vottittt.  maggior  dolere  eke  ricordarsi  del  tempo  felice  nella  tniseria 
[It-H-  There  is  no  greater  sorrow  than  to  recall  happiness  in  mis- 
ery.    [Dante,  Inferno,  V;  121.] 

One's  heart  leaping  with  joy. 

Vedi  Napoli,  e  poi  muori  [It.].     See  Naples,  and  die. 

Voluptas  qua  dam  fieri  est  [LJ.  There  is  in  weeping  a  certain  pleas- 
ure. 


PAIN — Verbs — Continued. 


PAIN — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 
Miserable.     Extremely  unhappy. 
On  the  rack.     Suffering  torture. 
Out  of  humor,  etc.     See  Favorite-Moroseness. 
Pained.     Suffering.     See  Verbs. 
Plunged  in  grief .     Sorrowing. 
Poor.     Deserving  of  pity  or  sympathy. 
Sore.  etc.     Easily  grieved  or  vexed,  etc.     See  Sensuality-Suffer 

ING. 

Sorrowful.     Full  of  sorrow;  distressed. 

Sorrowing.     Feeling  pain  or  griet  on  account  of  evil  experienced. 

Sorry.     Feeling  regret. 

Steeped  to  the  lips  in  misery.  In  a  state  of  utter  hopelessness  or  mis- 
ery.    [Longfellow,  Goblet  of  Life.ft 

Stranded.     Left  helpless  or  perplexed. 

Stricken.     Afflicted;  smitten. 

Suffering.     In  pain.     See  Verbs. 

To  be  pitied.     Poor  and  suffering. 

Uncomfortable.     Uneasy,  gloomy. 

Undone.     Ruined. 

Uneasy.     Disturbed  by  pain  or  anxiety. 

Unfortunate,  etc.  Not  fortunate;  unhappy,  etc.  See  Welfare- 
Misfortune. 

Unhappy.     Sorrowful. 

Victimized.     Made  a  victim  of;  duped. 

Weary,  etc.  Exhausted  in  patience;  tired,  etc.  See  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 

Wobegone.     Steeped  in  grief  or  sorrow. 

Worried.      Harassed  with  care  and  anxiety,  annoyed. 

Wretched.     Sunk  in  affliction  and  distress. 

Pain — Phrases. 
Haret  latert  lethalis  arundo    [L.J.      The  deadly  arrow  sticks  in  his 

side.    [Virgd,  ALneid,  IV,  73. fl 
One's  heart  bleeding. 
The  iron  entered  into  our  soul.    [Psalter,  105,  18.] 


Sup  full  of  horrors.     To  be  subject  to  continual  dangers  or  miseries. 

[Shakespeare,  Macbeth,  V,  iii.] 
Take  on.     To  assume;  take  on  oneself. 
Take  to  heart.     To  grieve  over. 
Undergo  pain.     To  suffer. 
Weigh  upon  the  heart.     To  cause  grief. 
Wince.     To  shrink,  as  from  pain. 

Worry  oneself.     To  allow  oneself  to  be  troubled  or  vexed. 
Yearn.     To  be  made  uneasy  with  longing. 

Pain — Adjectives, 

Accursed.     Doomed  to  misery  or  destruction. 

Aching.     Painful.     See  Verbs. 

Afflicted.     Troubled  grievously. 

A  prey  to.  I 

A  prey  to  grief.  J  J 

Between  hawk  and  buzzard.     In  great  anxiety. 

Broken-hearted.     Having  the  spirits  broken  by  grief  or  despair. 

Careworn.     Burdened  with  care. 

Chagrined.     Vexed  or  annoyed. 

Cheerless,  etc.     Without  joy  and  gladness,  etc.     See  Lighthearted. 

ness-Dejection. 
Concerned.     Anxious  or  solicitous  for  any  person  or  thing. 
Crushed.     Grievously  oppressed. 
Cut  up.      Injured  or  wounded. 
Devoted.     Doomed  to  evil. 
Discontented,  etc.    .Uneasy  in  mind,  etc.     See  Contentedness-Dis- 

CONTENTMENT. 

Displeased,  etc.     Not  pleased;    offended;    vexed,  etc.     See  Pleas- 

urableness-Painfulness. 
Disturbed.     Agitated  in  mind. 
Doomed.     Destined  to  calamity  or  ruin. 
Full  of  pain .     Causing  pain  or  trouble. 
Griped.     Distressed. 
Heart-broken .     Deeply  grieved . 
Heart-scalled.     Greatly  distressed. 
Heart-stricken.     Dismayed. 

Heavy-laden.     Weighed  down  with  care  or  grief. 
Horrified.     Stricken  with  horror. 
Horror-stricken.       Struck  with  an  excessive  degree  of  fear  with  a 

shuddering. 
Ill  at  ease.     Uneasy;  anxious. 
Ill-used.     Badly  treated. 
In  a  state  of  pain.     Painful. 

In  a  taking.     In  a  fit  of  sickness,  etc.     See  Nouns. 
In  a  way.     Perplexed;  discomfited. 

In  despair,  etc.     Hopeless.     See  Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 
Infelicitous.     Unhappy  or  unfortunate. 
In  grief.     Weeping. 

In  limbo.     In  confinement  or  imprisoned. 
In  pain.     Suffering. 

In  tears,  etc.     Very  sorrowful,  etc.     See  Jubilation-Lamentation. 
Lost.     Perplexed,  bewildered. 

(Continued  on  Column  i.) 


pleas'-ure-giv'-ing.  Full  of  enjoyment.  Pleasurabi.e- 
ness-Painfulness. 

pleas'-ure-ground".  A  playground.  Dweller-Habi- 
tation, Entertainment-Weariness. 

ple-be'-ian.  One  of  the  common  people.  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

pleb'-i-scite.  A  popular  vote.  Choice-Neutrality, 
Decision-Misjudgment,  Law-Lawlessness,  Or- 
der. 

pleb"-i-sci'-tum.  A  law  enacted  by  public  vote.  Choice- 
Neutrality. 

plectuntur  Achivi,  delirant  reges  [L.]  (plec-tun'-tur  a- 
kai'-vai,  de-lai'-rant  ri-jJz).  The  kings  rage,  the  peo- 
ple suffer.    Harshness-Mildness. 

pledge.  Promise;  security.  Engagement-Release, 
Loan-Borrowing,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Se- 
curity, Solemnization;  hold  in  pledge,  Security; 
pledge  oneself,  Engagement-Release;  pledge  one's 
word,  Engagement-Release;  take  the  pledge, 
Moderation-Selfindulgence,  Security,  Teeto- 
talism-Intemperance. 


pledg'-et.  A  small  plug;  a  wad  of  lint.  Perforator- 
Stopper,  Remedy-Bane. 

Plei'-a-des.  A  group  of  stars  in  Taurus.  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Universe. 

ple'-na-ry.  Entire.  Entirety-Deficiency,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness. 

ple-nip'-o-tent.  Possessing  full  power.  Might-Impo- 
tence. 

plen"-i-po-ten'-ti-a-ry.  One  having  full  power.  Con 
signee-Representation. 

plen'-i-tude.  Fulness.  Enough,  Excess-Lack;  in  the 
plenitude  of  power,  Strength-Weakness. 

plen'-te-ous.   Abundant.    Enough. 

plen'-ti-ful.   Ample.    Enough. 

plen'-ty.  Abundance.  Enough,  Multiplicity-Pau- 
city ;  plenty  to  do,  Acti vity-Indolence. 

ple'-num.  That  state  in  which  every  part  of  space  is 
supposed  to  be  full  of  matter.  Materiality-Spirit- 
uality, Substance-Nullity. 

ple'-o-nasm.  Redundancy  of  words.  Excess-L/ok. 
Rhetoric,  Terseness-Prolixity. 


PLEONASTIC. 


789 


PLUMIGEROUS. 


ple"-o-nas'-tic.   Redundant.   Terseness-Prolixity. 

ple-roph'-c-ry.  Fulness;  full  persuasion.  Faith-Mis- 
giving. 

pleth'-o-ra.    Fulness  of  blood.     Excess-Lack. 

ple-thor'-ic.     Affected  with  plethora.     Excess-Lack. 

plex'-us.    A  complication  of  parts.    Crossing. 

pli"-a-bil'-i-ty.  Flexibility.  Hardness- Softness, 
Readiness-Reluctance. 

pli'-a-ble.     Flexible.     Hardness-Softness. 

pli'-a-ble-ness.     Flexibility.     Hardness-Softness. 

pli'-an-cy.  Flexibility.  Determination -Vacilla- 
tion, Hardness-Softness. 

pli'-ant.  Easily  bent.  Determination-Vacillation, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Hardness-Softness,  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness. 

pli'-cate.     Plaited.     Plicature. 

pli-ca'-tion.     Folding.     Geology. 

plic'-a-ture.     A  fold.     Plicature. 

PLICATURE. 

Corrugation.     An  alternation  of  ridges  and  grooves. 
Crankle.  j  A  short  t[irn  ^  in  a  strmg. 

Crease.     The  mark  made  by  a  fold. 
Crumple.     An  irregular  fold. 
Doubling.      I  Fo,d 
DupkcatureJ 

Elbow.     A  sudden  bend  or  turn.     [Ell,  arm.] 
Flection.     A  turned  or  curved  part. 
Flexure.     A  bend,  as  in  a  bone. 
Fold.     A  part  doubled  over. 

Joint,     Place  where  two  or  more  things  unite,  often  by  a  fold. 
Plication.)   . 
e.J  A 


fold. 


Plicature. - 

Rimple.     Wrinkle. 

Rivel.     Crease. 

Ruck.     A  crease  or  ridge,  as  in  cloth  or  paper.     [Prov    Eng.] 

Rumple.     An  irregular  wrinkle. 

Wrinkle.     A  slight  ridge,  made  as  by  contraction. 

Plicature — Denotations . 
Crow's  feet.     The  wrinkles  that  appear  under  and  around  the  outer 

corners  of  the  eyes. 
Dog's  ears.     The  corners  of  the  leaves  of  a  book  turned  down. 
Flounce.     An   ornamental  appendage  to  the   skirt  of  a  woman's 

dress. 
Frounce.     A  wrinkle,  plait,  or  curl. 

Gather.    A  plait  or  fold  in  cloth  made  by  drawing  a  thread  through  it. 
Lapel.     That  part  of  a  garment  which  is  turnea  back,  as  the  lap  or 

fold  of  the  front  of  a  coat. 
Plait.     A  doubling,  as  of  cloth. 
Ply.     A  fold  or  plait. 
Pucker.     A  fold  or  wrinkle. 
Ruffle.     A  strip  of  lace,  etc.,  plaited  or  gathered  and  used  as  a 

trimming. 
Tuck.     A  horizontal  sewed  fold,  such  as  is  made  in  a  garment,  to 

shorten  it. 

Plicature — Verbs. 
Cocker.     To  coddle. 
Cockle  up.     To  pucker. 

Corrugate.     To  contract  into  alternate  ridges  and  furrows. 
Crankle.     To  fill  with  short  turns. 
Crease.     To  mark  by  making  folds. 
Crimple.     To  contract  with  wrinkles. 
Crinkle.     To  bend  or  fold. 
Crumple.     To  crush  with  irregular  folds. 
Curl.     To  form  into  coils,  curves,  or  ripples. 
Double.     To  fold. 

Flounce.     To  furnish  with  flounces. 
Fold.     To  turn  back  upon  itself. 
Frizzle.     To  cause  to  crinkle  or  curl  up. 
Frounce.     To  form  wrinkles  in  the  forehead. 
Gather.     To  pucker. 
Hem.     To  fold  and  sew  down  the  edge. 
Plait.     To  fold  in  strips. 
Plicate.     To  fold  in  plaits  like  a  fan. 
Pucker.     To  gather  in  small  folds. 
Rimple.     To  rumple. 
Rivel.     To  crease. 
Ruck.     To  ridge. 
Ruffle.     To  rumple;  furnish  with  ruffles. 


Rumple.     To  crush  with  irregular  folds. 
Tuck.     To  fold  under. 
Turn  double.  | 

Turn  down.    >To  make  a  fold  in. 
Turn  under.  ) 

Twill.     To  weave  in  such  a  manner  as  to  produce  a  diagonal  appear- 
ance upon  surface. 
Wrinkle.     To  fill  with  ridges  and  grooves. 

Plicature — Adjectives 

Folded.     See  Verbs. 

Retrorse.     Turned,  bent,  or  directed  backward. 

pli'-ers.  A  kind  of  pincers.  Injection-Ejection, 
Keeping-Relinquishment. 

plight.     To  pledge.     Condition-Situation,   Engage- 
ment-Release,   Security;    evil   plight,    Welfare- 
Misfortune;    plight    one's    faith,    Blandishment; 
plight   one's   troth,    Blandishment,    Engagement-. 
Release. 

plight'-ed  love.  Engagement.  Blandishment,  Love- 
Hate. 

plinth.  The  square  block  at  the  base  of  a  column. 
Suspension-Support,  Top-Bottom. 

plod.  To  drudge.  Activity-Indolence,  Persist- 
ence-Whim, Swiftness -Slowness,  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

plod'-ding.  Slow  motion  or  study.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Persistence-Whim,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

plough.  A  plow;  an  instrument  to  break  the  soil. 
Domestication-Agriculture,  Groove;  plough  in, 
Environment-Interposition;  plough  one's  way, 
Traveling-Navigation;  plough  the  ground,  Prep- 
aration-Nonpreparation  ;  plough  the  waves,  Trav- 
eling-Navigation. 

plough'-boy.  A  boy  who  guides  a  plow;  a  rustic. 
Gentility-Commonalty. 

plough'-share.  The  blade  of  a  plow.  Siiarpness- 
Bluntness. 

plot.  A  scheme ;  a  portion  of  ground.  Craft-Artless- 
ness,  Design,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Exten- 
sion-District, Gulf-Plain;  the  plot  thickens,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Gathering-Scattering,  Occur- 
rence-Destiny. 

plow.    A  better  spelling  of  plough. 

pluck.  Determination;  take.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Choice-Rejection,  Determination- Vacillation, 
Persistence-Whim,  Taking-Restitution,  Theft, 
Truthfulness-Fraud;  pluck  a  crow  with,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval; pluck  out,  Injection-Ejec- 
tion; pluck  up  courage,  Bravery-Cowardice. 

pluck'-y.    Full  of  spirit.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

plug.  A  stopper.  Aperture-Closure,  Perforator- 
Stopper. 

plum.  A  fruit;  a  handsome  fortune.  Five-Quinque- 
section,  Money,  Sweetness-Acidity. 

plu'-mage.  Feathers  of  a  bird.  Smoothness-Rough- 
ness. 

plum'-cof-ored.  The  color  of  a  plum.  Yellowness- 
Purple. 

plumb.  A  leaden  weight  on  a  line.  Aperture-Clo- 
sure, Mensuration. 

plumb'-line".  A  perpendicular  line.  Erectness- 
Flatness. 

plume.  A  feather  used  as  an  ornament.  Embellish- 
ment -  Disfigurement,  Smoothness  -  Roughness  ; 
borrowed  plumes,  Loan-Borrowing;  plume  oneself, 
Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

plume,  coup  de  [F.]  (plum,  cu  de).  A  literary  attack. 
Writing-Printing. 

plume,  nom  de  [F.]  (plum,  non"  de).  An  assumed  title. 
Name-Misnomer. 

plu-mig'-er-ous.  Feathered.  Smoothness-Rough- 
ness. 


PLUMMET. 


790 


POCKET-BOOK. 


plum'-met.  A  piece  of  lead  for  sounding.  Deepness- 
Shallowness,  Erectness-Flatness. 

plu'-mose.  Bearing  feathers.  Smoothness-Rough- 
ness. 

plu-mos'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  plumose.  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness. 

plump.  Fat;  to  fall  suddenly.  Eternity-Instan- 
taneity,  Expectation-Surprise,  Greatness-Lit- 
tleness, Spring-Plunge;  plump  down,  Ascent-De- 
scent; plump  upon,  Arrival-Departure. 

phimp'-er.  One  who  plumps  himself;  a  vote  given  to 
one  candidate  only  when  two  or  more  are  to  be 
elected.  Choice-Neutrality,  Enlargement-Dimi- 
nution. 

plun'-der.     Pillage;  booty.     Plunder,  Theft. 

PLUNDER. 

Blackmail.     Extortion  of  money  by  threats  or  accusation. 
Booty.     Something  taken  by  violence  or  robbery,  especially  in  war 
Loot.     Plunder  taken  from  a  sacked  city  by  the  conquering  army. 
Pickings.     That  which  is  obtained  from  petty  thefts. 
Plunder.     Something  obtained  by  plundering  or  by  open  force  from 
an  enemy. 


Prey.     Anything  obtained  by  violence. 

Prize.     Something  taken  by  superior  force. 

Ravin.     Spoliation;  prey. 

Spolia  opima  [L.].     The  richest  plunder. 

Spoil.     Anything  taken  from  another  by  violence. 

Stolen  goods.     Articles  in  one's  possession  to  which  one  has  no  right 

Swag.     The  plunder  of  a  burglar  or  thief. 


Manubial. 


Plunder — A  djective. 
Belonging  to  booty;  obtained  in  war. 


plunge.  Dive;  to  rush.  Deepness-Shallowness, 
Hurry-Leisure,  Injection-Ejection,  Revolution, 
Spring-Dive,  Water-Air;  plunge  headlong,  Hurry* 
Leisure  ;  plunge  in  ntedias  res,  Determination- 
Vacillation,  Injection  -  Ejection,  Simplicity- 
Floridness;  plunge  into,  Enterprise;  plunge  into 
difficulties,  Difficulty-Facility;  plunge  into  dissipa- 
tion, Moderation-Selfindulgence;  plunge  into 
sorrow,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

plunged.  Cast.  Plunged  in  debt,  Credit-Debt;  plunged 
in  grief,  Pleasure-Pain. 

plu'-ral.     More  than  one.     Plurality-Fraction. 

plu-ral'-i-ty.  A  greater  number.  Plurality-Fraction. 


PLURALITY— FRACTION. 


A  certain  number.     A  fixed  amount  or  quantity. 
A  few      A  small  or  limited  number. 
-A  number.     A  collection  of  many  individuals. 

Multitude,  etc.     A  great  number  of  persons  or  things  taken  collec- 
tively, etc.     See  Multiplicity. 
'One  or  two.     A  small  indefinite  number. 

Plurality.     A  number  consisting  of  more  than  one  of  the  same  kind 
Several.     Persons  or  things,  more  than  two,  but  not  very  many. 
Two  or  three.     A  small  indefinite  number. 

Plurality — Adjectives. 

-Certain.     Fixed  or  stated;  regular. 

More  than  one.     Many. 

Not  alone,  etc.     Being  with  others.     See  Solitude, 

Plural.     Containing  more  than  one. 


Fraction.     A  portion  or  a  fragment. 

Fractional  part.     One  of  the  parts  into  which  anything  may  be 

divided. 
Part,  etc.     One  of  the  portions  into  which  anything  is  divided,  or 

regarded  as  divided,  etc.     See  Whole-Part. 


PLURALITY—Adjectives— Continued. 

Some.     Considerable  in  number. 
Upwards  of .     More  than;  above. 

Plurality — Adverb. 
Etcetera  [L.].     Etc.;  and  the  rest. 

Plurality — Phrase. 
Non  deficit  alter  [L.J.     The  second  is  not  wanting. 


PLURALITY— ZERO. 


Zero 
Absence,  etc.     The  state  of  being  withdrawn  or  absent; 

See  Presence-Absence. 
Amequivive  [F.l     A  living  soul. 
Cipher.     A  character  which  expresses  nothing. 
Naught.     Nothing. 
Nobody.      Not  a  single  person. 
None.     Not  one. 
Not  a  soul.     Not  a  person. 


Nothing.     Not  anything. 

Nought.     Nothing. 

Unsubstantially,  etc.     The  state  of   containing  no  matter  or  sub 

stance,  etc.     See  Substance-Nullity. 
Zero.     Nothing;  naught. 


Zero — Adjectives 


£r„nJ:N- 


plus.     Increased  by.     Addition-Subtraction. 

plush.     Shaggy  cloth.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

Plu'-to.  The  god  of  the  lower  world.  Heaven-Hell; 
realms  of  Pluto,  Heaven-Hell. 

plu-toc'-ra-cy.  A  wealthy  class  in  a  political  community 
who  control  the  doings  of  the  government.  Afflu- 
ence-Penury, Labor-Capital. 

Plu-ton'-ic.     Pertaining  to  Pluto.     Heat-Cold. 

Plu'-tus.    The  god  of  wealth.     Affluence-Penury. 

plu'-vi-al.     Rainy.      River-Wind. 

ply.  To  work  at  closely;  a  fold.  Petition-Expostu- 
lation, Plicature,  Toic-Relaxation,  Use-Disuse; 
ply  a  trade,  Exchange;  ply  one's  task,  Action-Pas- 
siveness,  Occupation;  ply  one's  trade.  Occupation. 

P.  M.  Postmeridian;  past  midday.  Morning-Eve- 
ning. 

pneu-mat'-ics.  The  science  which  "treats  of  the  mechan- 
ical properties  of  the  air.     Liquid-Gas. 

pneu"-ma-tor-o-gy.  The  science  of  spiritual  existence. 
Mind-Imbecility. 


pneu"-ma-tc-scop'-ic.  Spiritual.  Materiality-Spir- 
ituality. 

poach.    To  steal  game.    Law-Lawlessness,  Theft. 

poach'-er.     One  who  steals  game.     Robber. 

poach'-y.  Easily  trodden  into  holes  by  cattle.  Swamp- 
Island. 

pobreza  no  hay  verguenza,  a  [Sp.]  (po-brcth'-a  no  a'-t 
ver-gu-en'-tha) .  Poverty  has  no  shame.  Afflu- 
ence-Penury, Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

pock.  A  pustule  on  the  skin  in  smallpox.  Con- 
vexity-Concavity. 

pock'-et.  A  small  bag;  to  take.  Contents-Receiver, 
Establishment-Removal,  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility,  Giving-Rf.ceiving,  Greatness-Littleness, 
Money,  Treasury;  button  up  one's  pocket,  Settle- 
ment-Default; out  of  pocket,  Credit-Debt,  Gain- 
Loss;  pocket  the  affront,  Pardon-Vindictiveness, 
Yielding;  touch  the  pocket,  Money. 

pock'-et-book.  A  purse;  a  note-book.  Mark-Oblitera- 
tion. 


POCKET-HANDKERCHIEF. 


791 


POETRY—PROSE. 


pock'-et-hand'-ker-chief.     A  cloth  used  for  the  nose. 

Dress- Undress. 
pock'-et-mon'-ey      Spending-money.     Money. 
pock'-et-pis'-toi.    A  liquor-flask.  Contents-Receiver. 
pococurante     [It.]      (po"-co-cu-ran-te').       Easy-going. 

Desire-Distaste,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 
pocula,  inter  [L.]  (poc'-yu-la,  in'-ter).     At  one's  cups. 

Teetotalism-Intemperance. 
pod.  Aseed-case.  Contents-Receiver, Cover-Lining. 
podesth  [It.]  (po"-dcs-ta').    A  legal  officer.    Judge. 
po'-em.     A  composition  in  verse.     Poetry-Prose. 
famiteniia \  locus  [L.]  (pen-i-ten'-shi-i,  lo'-cus).      Place 

for  repentance.     Compassion-Ruthlessness,  Justi- 


fication-Charge, Pardon-Vindictiveness,  Re- 
pentance-Obduracy. 

po'-e-sy.     Poetry.     Poetry-Prose. 

po'-et.     One  who  writes  poetry.     Poetry-Prose. 

po'-et-as"-ter.  A  mere  rimer.  Poetry-Prose,  So- 
ciety-Affectation. 

po-et'-ic.  Suitable  for  poetry.  Force-Weakness, 
Poetry-Prose. 

po-et'-ic-al.     Pertaining  to  poetry.     Poetry-Prose. 

po-et'-ics.     The  art  of  poetry.     Poetry-Prose. 

po'-et-ize".     To  make  poetic.     Poetry-Prose. 

po'-et-ry.  The  work  of  poets.  Nature-Art,  Poetry- 
Prose,  Rhetoric. 


POETRY— PROSE. 


Alexandrine.     An   iambic    hexameter  verse,  used  in  early  French 

poems  upon  Alexander  the  Great. 
Anacreontic.     An  erotic,  amatory  poem  in  the  manner  of  the  Greek 

poet  Anacreon. 
Anthology.    A  collection  of  beautiful  passages  [flowers)  from  authors 
Antistrophe.     The  lines  of  an  ode  alternating  with  the  strophe 
Ballad.     Any  popularpoem,  narrative  in  content  and  generally  lyric 

in  form 
Bucolic.     A  pastoral  poem. 
Canto.     A  part  of  a  long  poem. 
Canzonet.     A  short,  airy  song. 
Cento      A  patchwork  poem. 
Couplet       Two    lines    of   verse   in   immediate   sequence   and  riming 

together. 
Disjecti  membra  poetce  [L  ].    Members  of  a  disjointed  poet     [Horace. 

Satires,  I  iv;  63  ] 
Distich.     Two  lines  making  complete  sense. 
Dithyramb.     A  wild,  irregular  poem. 
Doggerel.     A  trivial,  clumsy  verse. 

Dramatic  poetry.     That  kind  of  poetry  of  which  scenic  representa- 
tion is  possible. 
Drinking  song.     A  musical,  poetical  composition  adapted  to  the 

occasion  of  drinking 
Eclogue.     A  short,  pastoral  poem. 

Elegiac    poetry.  1  Poetry   expressing    sorrow     or   lamentation.     See 
Elegiac  verse.     J       Adjectives. 
Elegiacs.     Sad    plaintive  poetry. 

Elegy.     A  lyric  poem  lamenting  the  dead,  or  on  a  sorrowful  theme. 
Epic.     An  heroic  poem. 
Epic  poetry.     Heroic  verse. 
Epode.     A   lyric  poem  in  which  a  longer  verse  is  followed  by  a 

shorter 


}An 


epic  poem  or  poetry 


Epopceia. 

Hudibrastic  verse.     Satirical   poetry,  like  the  Hudibras  of  Butler. 

Iambus.     A  verse  whose  predominating  foot  is  the  iambus. 

Idyl      A  narrative  poem  of  romance  or  fancy 

Lay      A  song  or  ballad  in  simple  style. 

Leonine  verse. .   A  medieval  rimed  Latin  verse. 

Licentia  vatum  TL  ].     Poetic  license. 

Love  song.     A  song  expressive  of  love 

Lullaby.     A  song  to  please  a  child. 

Lyric      A  lyric  poem 

Lyric  poetry.     The   kind  of  poetry  that  expresses  the  individual 

emotions  of  the  writer. 
Macaronics  )  A  mixed,  jumbled  poem,  so  as  to  make  a  burlesque 

Macaronic  verse.)       composition. 

Madrigal.     A  short  song  amatory  or  pastoral,  and  iambic  in  meter. 
Making  verses.     The  art  of  writing  poetry 

Monody.     A  mourning  poem  sung  by  one  person  in  which  he  laments. 
Music.     A  rhythmical  succession  of  tones.     See  Music 
Nursery  rimes.     Short  songs  used  in  the  nursery 
Ode.     A  form  of  lyric  poetry  used  for  the  expression  of  sentiment  or 

imaginative  thought 
Opera      Musical  dramatic  poetry  accompanied  by  choruses,  scenery, 

acting  etc 
Orthometry.     The  art  of  writing  poetry  correctly. 
Pastoral.     A  poem  relating  to  rural  scenes  and  customs. 
Poem.     A  composition  in  verse  characterized  by  poetic  thought  and 

beauty 
Poesy      Poetry 

Poetics.     The  art  or  principles  of  poetry. 
Poetry       Imaginative  metrical  composition 
Posy.     A  brief,  poetical  sentiment. 
Prose  run  mad.      Poetry. 
Prosody.     That  part  of  grammar  that  treats  of  versification. 


Prosaism.     A  prosaic  style  or  expression. 

Prose.      Ordinary    speech,    opposed    to    poetry,    without  metrical 

structure. 
Weldliteratur  [G.].     World-literature. 

Prose — Nouns  of  Agency, 

Prosaist.     A  writer  of  prose. 
Proser.     A  dull  tedious  writer. 
Prose  writer.     One  who  writes  prose. 

Prose — Verbs. 
Prose.     To  compose  in  prose ,  to  speak  in  prose. 
Write  Drose      '/  '^0  w"tc  with0"*  regard  to  rhythm,  etc. 

Prose — Adjectives. 
In  prose.     Without  regard  to  rhythm,  etc. 
Not  in  verse.     In  prose. 

Prosaic      Pertaining  to  prose ;  unimaginative. 
Prosy.     Having  the  nature  of  prose,  dull,  commonplace. 
Rimeless.     Without  rimes. 

TJnpoetical.     Not  having  the  characteristics  of  poetry. 
Unrimed.     Not  rimed. 


POETRY—  Continued. 

Quatrain.     A  stanza  of  four  lines. 

Riming.     The  art  of  making  rimes. 

Rondeau.     A  poem  of   prescribed  form,  having   repetitions    recur 

ring  according  to  a  fixed  law 
Roundelay.     See  Rondeau 
Rondo.     A  lively  poem  in  which  the  first  strain  follows  every  other 

strain. 
Runes.     An  obscure  or  mystic  poem  or  verse. 
Sea  song.     A  song  used  on  the  sea. 

Song.     Poetry    a  poetical  composition  adapted  to  sinking. 
Sonnet.     A  poem  of  fourteen  lines,  originally  composed  af  an  octave 

and  a  sextet 
Stanza.     A  group  of  rimed  lines,  usually  four  or  more,  into  which 

poems  are  frequently  divided. 
Strain.     A  distinctive  portion  of  a  poem 

Strophe.     In  ancient  poetry  the  first  of  two  corresponding  stanzas. 
Triplet.     A  group  of  three  lines  riming  together. 
Verse.     Metrical  composition  as  distinguished  from  prose. 
Versification.     The  art  of  writing  poetry. 
War  song.     A  song  pertaining  to  war;  a  song  full  of  incitement  to 

ardor. 

Poetry — Associated  Nouns. 
Accentuation.     The  application  of  the  accent.     See  Vocalization. 
Alliteration      Rhythmical  repetition  of  letters  at  the  beginning  ot 

accented  syllables 
Anacrusis.     A  prefix  of  one  or  two  unaccented  syllables  to  a  verse 

properly  beginning  with  an  accented  syllable. 
Anapest.     A  metrical  foot  consisting  of  twe  unaccented  syllables  and 

one  accented  syllable 
Antispast.     A  foot  of  four  syllables,  the  first  and  fourth  unaccented 

and  the  second  and  third  accented. 
Assonance.     A  species  of  rime. 

Calliope.     The  Muse  that  presides  over  heroic  poetry. 
Choriambus.     A  foot  of  four  syllables,  of  which  the  first  and  last  are 

long  and  the  second  and  third  short. 
Dactyl.     A  poetical  foot  of  one  long  followed  by  two  short  syllables 
Elegiac  meter.     The  meter  used  in  writing  poems  of  lamentation, 
Foot.     A  combination  constituting  a  metrical  element  of  a  verse 
Helicon.     A  mountain  in  Greece  the  abode  of  Apollo  and  the  Muses 


POETRY. 


792 


POINT. 


POETRY — Associated  Nouns — Continued. 


Hexameter.  A  verse  of  six  feet,  the  first  four  of  which  may  be  either 
dactyls  or  spondees,  the  fifth  must  be  a  dactyl,  and  the  sixth  a 
spondee. 

Ictus.     The  stress  of  voice  upon  an  accented  syllable  of  a  word. 

Line.     A  verse,  or  the  words  which  form  a  certain  number  of  feet. 

Measure.  The  manner  of  combining  the  long  and  short  syllables  of 
a  verse. 

Meter.     Rhythmical  arrangement  of  words  or  syllables  into  verses. 

Muse.  One  of  the  nine  goddesses  who  presided  over  song  and  the 
different  kinds  of  poetry. 

Numbers.  Poetic  measure,  as  divisions  of  time  or  number  of  syl- 
lables. 

Parnassus.     A  mountain  in  Greece,  sacred  to  Apollo  and  the  Muses. 


Pentameter.     A  verse  of  five  feet. 

Pierian  Spring.     The  spring  of  the  Muses. 

Pierides.     The  Muses. 

Rhyme.     Correspondence   of  sound  in   the   terminating  words  or 

syllables  of  two  verses;  end  rime. 
Rhythm.     Movement  in  musical  time,  with  periodic  recurrence  of 

accent. 
Rime.     Rhythmical  repetition  of  letters  in  poetry,  as  alliteration, 

assonance,  rhyme,  etc. 
Spondee.     A  poetic  foot  of  two  long  syllables. 
Trochee.      A  foot  of  two  syllables,  the  first  long  and  the  second 

short. 
Tuneful  Nine.     The  Muses. 


Poetry — Xouns  uf  Agency. 


Bard.     Any  poet*,  but  ir  ancient  times  one  who  sang  of  heroic  deeds 

of  men. 
Genus  irritabile  vatum  [r,.J.     Irritable  race  of  poets. 
Idylist,     An  idyllic  poet. 

Improvisatore.     One  who  devises  on  the  spur  of  the  moment. 
Laureate.     The  poet  officially  crowned  with  the  title  of  laureate. 
Lyrist.     A  lyric  poet. 
Meistersinger.     One  of  the  poets  and  musicians  who  succeeded  the 

minnesingers. 
Minnesinger.     A  lyric  poet  of  medieval  Germany. 
Poet.     One  who  makes  verses  or  composes  poetry. 
Poetaster.     One  who  dabbles  in  poetry. 


Poet  laureate.     Laureate;  a  title  conferred  by  the  king. 

Rimer.      \ 

Rimester.  /-One  who  makes  rimes,  or  bad  poetry;  a  rhymer,  etc 

Rimist.      J 

Runer.     An  early  Gothic  bard. 

Scald.     One  of  the  ancient  Scandinavian  minstrels. 

Sonneteer.     A  writer  of  sonnets. 

Troubadour.     A  lyric  poet  that  lived  in  medieval  France  and  Spain 

Trouve"re.     One  of  a  class  of  epic  poets  who  flourished  in  France 

during  the  nth,  iath,  13th,  and  14th  centuries. 
Versifier.     One  who  makes  verses 


Poetry—  Verbs. 


Make  verses.     To  write  poetry. 

Poetize.     To  turn  into  poetry;  make  poetry. 

Rime.     To  put  into  rime. 


Poetry — . 

Acatalectic.     Said  of  a  verse  having  the  required  number  of  feet. 
Alcaic.     Of  or  like  the  poetry  of  Alcffius,  having  the  meter  of  Alcaeus. 
Anapestic.     Having  for  its  principal  foot  an  anapest. 
Ca tale c tic.     Incomplete,  having  one  or  two  syllables  lacking  to  make 

a  complete  verse. 
Dithyrambic.     Wild  and  irregular.     See  Nouns. 
Elegiac.     Pertaining  to  or  having  the  characteristics  of  an  elegy. 
Epic.     Having  the  characteristics  of  an  epic  poem. 
Iambic.     Having  its  principal  foot  an  iambus. 
Idyllic.     Having  the  qualities  of  a  pastoral  poem. 


Scan.     To  separate  a  verse  into  feet;    Indicate  such  separation  in 

reading. 
Sing.     To  celebrate  in  song;  compose  poetry. 
Versify.     To  make  verses,  or  turn  into  poetry. 

Adjectives. 
Ionic.     Pertaining  to  Ionia,  or  its  poetry  or  literature. 
Lvri  fll  i  Pertaining  to  lyric  poetry. 
Metrical.     Put  in  poetical  measure ;  relating  to  meter. 
Pindaric.     Relating  to  Pindar,  a  Greek  lyric  poet. 

Poetic      } 

p     *•_«!  j  Relating  or  pertaining  to  poetry. 

Sapphic.     Relating  to  Sappho,  a  writer  of  amatory  poems  and  lyrics 
Trochaic.     Having  principal  foot  a  trochee. 
Tuneful.     Harmonious;  musical;  poetical. 


Poetry — Phrases. 


Dichtung  undwahrkeit  [G.J.     Poetry  and  truth. 
Furor  poeticus  [L  ].     Poetic  rage. 
Licentia  vatum  [L.].     Poetic  license. 


Mutum  est  pictura  poema  [L.5.     A  picture  is  a  mute  poem. 
Volk  der  dichter  und  dettker  [G.].     Nation  of  poets  and  thinkers. 


poign'-an-cy.  Severity.  Affections,  Pungency,  Vig- 
or-Inertia. 

poign'-ant.   Cutting.    Emotion,  Vigor-Inertia. 

point.  The  sharp  end  of  anything;  a  speck;  topic; 
place.  Beginning-End,  Conception-Theme,  Condi- 
tion-Situation, Extension-Inextension,  Exten- 
sion-Place, Force-Weakness,  Greatness-Little- 
ness, Magnitude  -  Smallness,  Purpose  -  Luck, 
Quantity-Measure,  Sharpness-Bluntness,  Sign, 
Station,  Uprightness-Dishonesty.Vigor-Inertia, 
Wittiness-Dulness;  at  the  point  of,  Remoteness- 
Nearness;  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet,  Fighting- 
Conciliation,  Turbulence-Calmness;  at  the  point 
of  the  sword,  Coercion,  Harshness-Mildness,  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness; come  to  the  point,  Heed-Dis- 
regard, Ratiocination-Instinct,  Simplicity-Flo- 
ridness,  Terseness-Prolixity,  Universality- 
Particularity;  culminating  point,  Top-Bottom; 
disputed  point,  Variance-Accord;  from  all  points, 
Extension-District;  full  of  points,  Force-Weak- 
ness; go  straight  to  the  point,  Aim-Aberration;  in 
point,  Connection-Independence,  Conventional- 
ity-Unconventionality,  Harmony-Discord;  in 
point  of  fact,  Entity-Nonentity;  knotty  point,  Dif- 
ficulty-Facility, Excess-Lack;    make  a  point  of, 


Coercion,  Determination-Vacillation,  Dueness- 
Undueness,  Strife-Peace,  Terms,  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty;  on  the  point  of,  Future-Past,  L\st- 
ingness-Transientness;  point  a  moral,  Education- 
Misteaching;  point  an  antithesis,  Purity-Crude- 
ness;  point  at,  Aim-Aberration,  Approval -Dis- 
approval, Heed-Disregard,  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness, Purpose-Luck,  Regard-Disrespect;  point  in 
dispute,  Investigation-Answer;  point  of  attack, 
Attack-Defense;  point  of  convergence,  Gather- 
ingplace;  point  of  death,  Life-Death;  point  of  eti- 
quette, Society-Ludicrousness;  point  of  honor.  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty; point  of  land,  Convexity- 
Concavity  ;  point  of  order,  President-Member  ;  point 
of  the  compass,  Aim-Aberration;  point  of  view, 
Appearance-Disappearance,  Conception-Theme, 
Sight -Blindness;  point  out,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Heed-  Disregard,  Rationale  -  Luck; 
point  the  finger  of  scorn,  Regard-Scorn;  point  to, 
Aim-Aberration,  Heed -Disregard,  Likelihooc- 
Unlikelihood,  Meaning- Jargon,  Prophecy,  Ra- 
tionale-Luck; to  the  point,  Terseness-Prolixti\. 
point  d'appui  [F.j  (pwan'  da-pwi').  Point  of  support 
Suspension-Support. 


POINT-BLANK. 


793 


POLITENESS— IMPOLITENESS. 


point"-blank'.  Direct;  plain.  Aim-Aberration, 
Proffer-Refusal,  Simplicity-Floridness. 

point'-cham-pain'.  Line  of  dishonor  in  heraldry. 
Reputation-Discredit. 

point'-ed.  Having  a  point.       Assertion-Denial, 

Force-Weakness,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Sharp- 
ness-Bluntness,  Sign. 

point'-ed-ly.    In  a  pointed  manner.    Purpose-Luck. 

point'-er.    A  dog;  an  indicator.    Fauna-Flora,  Sign. 

point'-less.   Without  a  point.    Wittiness-Dulness. 

poise.  To  balance.  Equality-Inequality,  Heavi- 
ness-Lightness. 

poi'-son.  Anything  noxious  to  life  or  health.  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Remedy-Bane. 

poi'-soned.  Infected  with  poison.  Commend  the  poi- 
son chalice,  Goodness-Badness,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

poi'-son-ing.  The  state  of  being  poisoned.  Better- 
ment-Deterioration. 

poi'-son-ous.  Deadly.  Healthiness-Unhealthiness, 
Remedy-Bane. 

poke.  A  pocket.  Contents-Receiver;  pig  in  a  poke, 
Certainty-Doubt,  Purpose-Luck,  Recklessness- 
Caution;  poke  at,  Attack-Defense,  Ii.ipetus-Re- 
action;  poke  fun  at,  Society-Derision;  poke  one's 
nose  in,  Activity-Indolence  ;  poke  out,  Convexity- 
Concavity;  poke  the  fire,  Heating-Cooling. 

po'-ker.  An  iron  rod  for  poking  a  fire.  Oven-Refrig- 
erator. 

po-lac'-ca.   A  vessel.   Conveyance-Vessel. 

po-la'-cre.   A  vessel.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

po'-lar.  Pertaining  to  the  poles.  Top-Bottom;  polar 
coordinates,  Mensuration. 

po-lar'-i-scope.  An  optical  instrument.  Optical  In- 
struments. 

po-lar'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  having  opposite  poles.  Co- 
operation-Opposition, Duality,  Laterality-Con- 
traposition. 

po"-lar-i-za'-tion.    Act  of  polarizing.    Electricity. 

pole.  A  rod;  either  of  the  extremities  of  an  axis  of  a 
sphere;    point  of  greatest  electrification.      Center. 


Height-Lowness,  Electricity,  Length-Short- 
ness, Revolution-Evolution,  Top-Bottom;  from 
pole  to  pole,  Extension-District,  Remoteness- 
Nearness;  greasy  pole,  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness; opposite  poles,  Laterality-Contraposition. 

pole'-ax".   An  ancient  battle-ax.   Weapon. 

pole'-cat".  An  animal  allied  to  the  weasel.  Perfume- 
Stench. 

po-lem'-ic.  Disputatious.  Belligerent,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct,   Strife-Peace,    Variance-Accord. 

po-lem'-ic-al.   Disputatious.  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

po-lem'-ics.  The  art  of  controversy.  Ratiocination- 
Instinct,  Strife-Peace,  Variance-Accord. 

po-lem'-o-scope.  An  opera-glass  with  a  mirror  for  seeing 
objects  not  directly  ahead.    Optical  Instruments. 

pole'-star.  The  largest  star  near  the  north  pole  of  the 
heavens.     Management,  Sign. 

po-lice'.  A  body  of  civil  officers.  Judicature;  police 
court,  Tribunal;  police  department,  City-Country; 
police  magistrate,  Judge. 

po-lice'-man.  A  member  of  the  police.  Judicature, 
Security-Insecurity. 

pol'-i-cy.    Plan.   Conduct,  Design. 

pol'-ish.  To  make  smooth ;  refined  in  manners.  Beau- 
ty-Ugliness, Betterment-Deterioration,  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement, Friction-Lubrication, 
Politeness  -  Impoliteness,  Smoothness  -  Rough- 
ness, Taste-Vulgarity;     polish  off,  Completion- 

NONCOMPLETION. 

Po"-lish-bank'.  A  game.  Entertainment- Weari- 
ness. 

pol'-ished.  Made  smooth  and  glossy.  City-Country, 
Politeness-Impoliteness,  Purity-Crudeness,  S<j- 
ciety-Ludicrousness. 

polisson  [F.]  (po-li-son'').  Scamp.  Good  Man-Bad 
Man. 

po-lite'.  Refined  in  manner.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness; polite  literature,  Language;  polite  society, 
Society-Ludicrousness;  offensive  to  ear  polite,  Pu- 
rity-Crudeness. 

po-lite'-ness.   Courtesy.    Politeness-Impoliteness. 


POLITENESS— IMPOLITENESS. 


Affability.     Ease  and  courtesy  of  manner. 

Amability.     Lovableness.  . 

Amenity.     Agreeableness  in  any  respect. 

Amiability.     Quality  of  heart  which  attracts  love. 

Biensiance  [F.].     Civility. 

Breeding.     Presence  of  polish  and  agreeableness. 

Civility.     Observance  of  slight  external  courtesies. 

Civilization.  The  condition  of  a  people  with  regard  to  their  progress 
in  the  sciences,  arts,  government,  etc. 

Comity.     Courtesy  between  equals. 

Complacency.  The  state  of  being  satisfied  with  one's  state  or  sur- 
roundings. 

Complaisance.     Desire  to  please. 

Condescension,  etc.  The  act  of  stooping  to  the  condition  of  in- 
feriors, etc.     See  Selprespect-Humbleness. 

Courtesy.     Graceful  respectfulness. 

Duty.     The  course  of  conduct  that  one  is  morally  bound  to  follow. 

Easy  temper.     Calmness  or  composure  of  mind. 

Gallantry.     Attention  shown  a  weaker  person,  especially  a  woman. 

Gentility.     The  air  of  one  well-born. 

Good  behavior.     External  grace  of  deportment. 

Good  breeding.     Good  manners. 

Good  humor.     Pleasing  frame  of  mind. 

Good  manners.     The  effect  of  training  on  character  and  behavior. 

Good  temper.     Composure  of  mind. 

Manners.     Conduct  in  social  intercourse. 

Mansuetude.     Mildness. 

Obsequiousness.  Slavish  submission.  See  Presumption-Ob- 
sequiousness. 

rink  of  pomene'ss.)  H«hest  **«  of  c°urtesy  and  ■*»—• 
Polish.     Absence  of  anything  making  one  offensive  in  social  inter- 
course. 


Acerbity.     Want  of  natural  mildness  or  sweetness. 

Acrimony.     Sourness  shown  habitually  in  small  things. 

Asperity.     Spontaneous   but   well-meant   roughness   of   manner  or 

severity  of  speech. 
Austerity.     Serious  disposition. 
Bad  manners.     Impolite  behavior. 
Barbarism.     Rudeness  of  conduct. 
Barbarity.     Brutal  conduct. 

Blackguardism.     The  conduct  of  a  mean,  low  fellow. 
Brusquerie  [F.].     Bluntness. 
Brutality.     Coarseness  of  conduct. 
Captiousness,  etc.     Readiness  to  be  offended,  etc.     See  Favorite 

Quarrelsomeness. 
Churlishness.     The  quality  of  being  rude  or  ill-bred. 
Conduct  unbecoming  a  gentleman.     Rudeness. 
Cynicism.     Contempt  for  the  opinions  of  others. 
Discourtesy.     Lack  of  graceful  respect. 
Displacency.     Envious  displeasure. 

Disrespect,  etc.     Lack  of  respect,  etc.     See  Regard-Disrespect. 
Grossihreti  [F.].     Coarseness. 
Ill-breeding.     Poor  bringing  up  or  training. 
Illiberality.     Lack  of  breadth  and  variety  of  culture. 
Ill-manners.     Ill-behavior. 
Impudence.     A  jaunty  disrespect. 
Incivility.     Neglect  of  civility. 
Insuavity.     Absence  of  a  winning  sweetness. 
Inurbanity.     Lack  of  agreeableness  of  manner. 
Misbehavior.     Improper  behavior. 
Moodishness.     Capri ciousness  of  mood. 
Moroseness,  etc.     Harshness  of  feeling  toward  inferiors,  etc.     See 

Favorite-Moroseness. 
Perversity.     Disposition  to  do  the  opposite  of  what  is  required. 
Procacity.     Impudence. 


POLITENESS. 


794 


POLITENESS— IMPOLITENESS. 


POLITENESS— IMPOLITENESS—  Continued. 


Politeness.     Conventional  expression  of  proper  respect. 

Presence.     Appearance. 

Prevenance  [F.J.     Kind  attention. 

Respect.     Conduct  showing  deference. 

Suavity.     Sweetness  of  disposition. 

Urbanity.     Agreeableness  of  manners. 

Politeness — Associated  Nouns. 

Abord  [F.I.     Manner  of  accosting. 

Accolade  [F.J.  The  salutation  given  to  one  on  whom  knighthood 
has  been  conferred. 

Accueil  [F.].     Reception;  welcome. 

Best  love.     Devoted  affection. 

Bow.  A  salutation  made  by  an  inclination  of  the  body  or  head 
forward. 

Bowing  and  scraping.  Gaining  acquaintance  by  rude  or  unusual 
ways. 

Buss.     A  kiss. 

Capping.     Doffing  the  cap  in  salutation. 

Ceremonial.  The  observance  of  conventional  forms  in  social  inter- 
course. 

Compliment.     A  formal  expression  of  admiration  or  commendation. 

Condolence.     Expression  of  sympathy. 

Curtsy.      A  downward  movement  of  the  body  by  bending  the  knees. 

Devoir  [F.J     Respectful  notice  due  to  another. 

Embrace.     A  clasping  in  the  arms. 

Fair  words.     Flattering  speech. 

Genuflexion.    A  bending  of  the  knee  in  worship.     See  Devotion. 

Greeting.     Salutation  on  meeting,  or  by  message  or  letter. 

Grip  of  the  hand.     A  clasping  of  the  hands  in  greeting. 

Honeyed  phrases.     Endearing  or  flattering  talk. 

Hug.     A  close  embrace. 

Introduction.     The  act  of  making  acquainted. 

Kind  re^mbrancesj  ^^^^  greeting  or  message. 

Kiss.     A  salute  or  caress  with  the  lips. 

Kneeling.     A  falling  on  the  knees. 

Kotow.  A  Chinese  obeisance  made  by  touching  the  ground  with 
the  forehead. 

Love.     Devoted  affection  or  attachment  to. 

Love  token.     A  gift  in  token  of  love.     See  Blandishment. 

Mark  of  recognition.     Friendly  notice,  salutation,  or  attention. 

Nod.  A  forward  and  downward  motion  of  the  head,  as  a  sign  of 
recognition. 

Nods  and  becks  and  wreathed  smiles.  Actions  to  attract  attention 
for  mere  amusement  or  pleasure. 

Obeisance,  etc.  An  act  of  courtesy  or  reverence  made  by  the  in- 
clination of  the  body  or  the  bending  of  the  knee.     See  Regard. 

Pledge.     A  token  of  good-will  or  friendship. 

Presentation.     The  act  of  making  personallyacquainted. 

Reception.     The  act  of  receiving  or  welcoming  others. 

Recognition.     Friendly  notice,  salutation,  or  attention. 

Regards.     Courteous  greeting. 

Remembrance.  A  token  or  gift  reminding  of  gratitude,  friendship, 
or  love. 

Respects.     Expression  of  consideration,  esteem,  or  compliment. 

Salaam.     A  bow  with  the  hand  upon  the  forehead. 

Salutation.     A  form  of  greeting  or  welcoming. 

Salute.     A  display  of  honors  out  of  respect. 

Scrape.     A  scraping  or  drawing  back  of  the  foot  in  bowing. 

Shaking  hands.  Grasping  hands  mutually  as  a  salute  at  meeting 
or  parting.     See  Verbs. 

Soft  tongue.].  m^ttjJxf 

Soft  words.   r*k"«y- 

Squeeze      A  close  clasp. 

Sweet  words.     Flattering  speech. 

Valediction.     A  bidding  farewell.     See  Arrival-Departurb. 

Vin  d'honneur  [F.].     Wine  offered  to  distinguished  guests. 

Welcome.     A  hearty  greeting  given. 

Politeness — Verbs. 
Bjw.     To  bend  the  body,  knee,  or  head  in  token  of  respect. 
Cap.     To  salute  by  removing  the  cap.  * 

Cheer.     To  applaud  with  cheers. 
Civilize.     To  instruct  in  the  ways  of  civilization. 
Conciliate.     To  obtain  the  friendship  of. 

Courtesy.     To  bend  the  knee  in  token  of  obedience  or  respect. 
Embrace,  etc.     To  grasp  in  the  arms,  etc.     See  Blandishment. 
Greet.     To  address  or  make  some  sign  of  recognition  upon  meeting. 
Hail.     To  call  to. 

Humanize.     To  make  more  humane. 
Kiss.     To  greet  with  the  lips. 


Rusticity.     Want  of  refinement  or  culture. 

Spinosity.     Crabbedness;  thorniness. 

Sternness.     Severity  of  manner. 

Tartness.     Slight  asperity;  pungent  readiness  of  mind. 

Uncourteousness,  etc.     Lack  of  courtesy,  etc.     See  Adjectives 

Ungainly  manners.     Impoliteness. 

Virulence.     Extreme  bitterness  of  disposition. 

Vulgarity,  etc.     Depravity  of  taste  and  manners.     See  Tastk-Vui* 

GARITY. 

Impoliteness — Associated  Nouns. 
Bear.     An  i'1-mannered  or  morose  person. 
Beast.     A  brutal  or  rude  person. 
Blackguard.     A  low,  coarse,  abusive  fellow. 
Black  looks.  -Frowns  or  mark  of  displeasure. 
Bruin.     An  ill-mannered  person;  a  bear. 
Brute.     A  brutal,  coarse  person. 
Contumely.     Haughty  or  contemptuous  language. 
Cross-patch.     A  cross  person. 

Frown.     A  knitting  of  the  brow,  as  in  dislike  or  anger. 
Frump.     An  old,  ill-tempered  woman. 
Personality.     A  disparaging  or  derogatory  remark. 
Rebuff.     A  sudden  repulse  or  curt  denial. 

Sauce-box,  etc.     A  very  saucy  or  pert  person.     See  Brawler. 
Scowl.     A  lowering  of  the  brows,  as  in  anger  or  strong  disapproval. 
Unlicked  cub.     An  ill-mannered  person. 

Unparliamentary  language.     Language    contrary  to    the  rules  that 
govern  the  proceedings  of  deliberative  bodies. 

Impoliteness— Verbs. 

wSEES  *>*****• 

Cut.     Not  to  recognize  another  purposely. 

Frown.     To  contract  the  brow  in  displeasure. 

Glower.     To  stare  frowningly. 

Growl.     To  talk  in  an  angry,  surly  manner. 

Insult,  etc.     To  talk  offensively,  etc.     See  Regard-Disresp«ct. 

Ogle.     To  look  at  in  a  coquettish  manner. 

Pout.     To  hang  or  stick  out  the  lips  in  anger. 

Scowl.     To  frown. 

Snap.     To  talk  in  a  quick  sharp  manner. 

Snarl.     To  talk  crossly. 

Impoliteness — Verbal  Expressions. 
Be  rude,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  give  the  cold  shoulder  to;  keep  at  • 
distance;  keep  at  arm's  length;  look  black  upon;  look  cold  upon; 
look  cool  upon;  lose  one's  temper,  etc.  (see  Favorite-Anger); 
make  bold  with;  make  free  with;  point  at;  put  to  the  blush; 
render  rude,  etc,  (see  Adjectives);  send  away  with  a  flea  in  the 
ear;  show  the  door  to;  stare  out  of  countenance;  take  a  liberty; 
take  a  name  in  vain;  treat  with  discourtesy;  turn  one's  back 
upon;  turn  on  one's  heel;  turn  the  cold  shoulder  to. 

Impoliteness — Adjectives. 
Abusive.     Uttering  harsh  language  against  a  person. 
Acrimonious.     Exhibiting  bitterness  in  speaking. 
Austere.     Very  serious. 
Bearish.     Snarling  and  gruff  in  conduct. 
Biting.     Indiscriminately  censorious  and  unfeeling. 
Bitter.     Marked  by  sharpness  or  severity. 
Blackguard.     Characteristic  of  a  blackguard. 
Bluff.     Somewhat  rude  or  abrupt,  but  kindly. 
Blunt.     Abrupt  in  manner. 

Boorish.     Awkward  and  rude  from  want  of  training. 
Brusque  [F.J     Blunt;  coarse. 
Brutal.     Treating  others  with  brutality. 
Caustic.     Marked  by  a  sharp  and  penetrating  spite. 
Cavalier.     Easy;  gay. 

Churlish.     Wanting  in  kindness  and  courtesy. 
Contumelious.     Full  of  unmerited  disrespect  and  insolence; 
Cool.     Not  allowing  much  intimacy. 
Crabbed.     Morose. 
Dedecorous.     Unbecoming. 
Discourteous.     Uncourteous. 
Forward.     Immodest. 

Foul^oken6*1*}  Using  indecent  language  habitually. 

Grim.     Surly. 

Gruff.     Stern. 

Harsh.     Sour  and  unpleasant. 

Ill-behaved. 

M^ond'itioned.  > 
Ill-mannered. 


POLITENESS. 


795 


POLITENESS— IMPOLITENESS. 


POLITENESS— IMPOLITENESS— Continued. 


POLITENESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Kneel.    To  fall  on  the  knees. 
Pledge.     To  drink  with  in  friendship. 

Polish.     To  deprive  of  that  which  makes  one  offensive  in  social  inter- 
course. 
Receive.     To  entertain. 

Salute.     To  greet  with  some  sign,  as  raising  the  hand  to  the  head. 
Scrape.     To  get  in  an  unusual  way. 
Serenade.     To  entertain  with  a  serenade. 
Uncover.      To  remove  the  hat  in  respect. 
Usher.     T_.  introduce. 
Visit.     To  make  a  friendly  call  on. 
Welcome.    Receive  gladly. 

Politeness — Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  all  things  to  all  men;  be  courteous  (see  Adjectives);  behave  one- 
self; bend  the  knee;  bid  Godspeed;  bid  welcome;  bob  a  courtesy ; 
bob  a  curtsy;  bow  the  knee;  dance  attendance,  etc.  (see  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness), doff  the  cap;  do  homage  to,  etc., 
(see  Regard),  do  the  amiable;  do  the  honors;  drink  to;  give 
one's  duty;  hob  and  nob;  hold  out  the  hand;  kiss  the  hands; 
look  as  if  butter  would  not  melt  in  one's  mouth;  make  a  leg; 
make  one's  bow;  make  the  amiable;  make  way  for;  mend  one's 
manners;  mind  one's  P's  and  Q's;  move  to;  nod  to;  pay  atten- 
tion to;  pay  a  visit,  etc.  (see  Sociability),  pay  one's  respects; 
present  arms;  present  oneself ;  press  the  hand;  prostrate  oneself, 
etc.  (see  Devotion),  render  polite,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);  send 
one's  duty;  shake  hands;  show  courtesy;  smile  upon;  speak 
one  fair;  speed  the  parting  guest;  squeeze  the  hand;  take  in 
good  part;  take  off  the  hat;  touch  the  hat;  wait  upon;  welcome 
with  open  arms. 

Politeness — Adjectives. 

Affable.     Courteous  in  intercourse. 

Bland,     Having  a  pleasantness  of  talk  or  manners. 

■Civil.     Observing  slight  courtesies. 

Civilized.     Advanced  in  civilization. 

CoSpwinnt.}Agreeable;  courteous- 

Conciliatory.     Tending  to  gain  the  good-will  of  another. 

Cordial.     Hearty. 

Courteous.     Gracefully  respectful. 

Cultivated.     Refined. 

Fair-spoken.     Having  grace  of  speech. 

Familiar.     Closely  acquainted. 

Fine-spoken.     Speaking  politely. 

Gallant.     Very  attentive  to  women. 

Gentle.     Quiet  and  refined  in  manners. 

Gentlemanlike.     Becoming  a  gentleman. 

Good-humored .     Of  a  friendly  and  easy  disposition. 

Good-mannered.     Well-bred. 

Gracious.     Disposed  to  do  good  to  those  who  have  deserved  ill. 

Honey-mouthed.  1  c       .  _       .        .  , 

Honey-tongued.  1  Sweet  or  persuasive  of  speech. 

Ingratiating.     Making  oneself  acceptable  by  his  pleasing  manners. 

Mannerly.     Showing  good  manners. 

Mild.     Having  the  qualities  of  harshness  and  severity  subdued. 

Neighborly.     Social. 

Obliging.     Disposed  to  do  services  for  others. 

Obsequious,  etc.  Striving  to  gain  another's  favor  by  consulting  his 
pleasure  and  making  personal  sacrifice,  etc.  See  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness. 

Oily.     Deceitfully  complaisant. 

Polished.     Having  all  roughness  of  manner  and  speech  removed. 

Polite.     Showing  proper  respect  according  to  the  rules  of  society. 

Refined,  etc.  Freed  from  everything  coarse,  low,  vulgar,  or  inele- 
gant, etc.     See  Taste. 

Soft-spoken.     Having  a  soft  or  gentle  voice. 

Urbane.     Agreeable  in  manners. 

Well-behaved.      ] 

Well  bred 

Well  brought  up.  f  Polite  and  gentlemanly. 

Well-mannered.    J 
Winning.     Attractive. 

Politeness — Adverbs,  etc. 

A  bras  oitverfs  [F.jJ.     With  open  arms. 
•Courteously,  etc.     Politely.    See  Adjectives. 
In  good  humor      In  a  good  frame  of  mind. 
'Suaviter  in  modo  [L.J.     Gentle  in  manner. 


IMPOLITENESS— Adjectives— CoM/«rtw#rf. 

Impolite.     Not  polite. 

Imprudent.     Lacking  prudence. 

I  naff  able.     Not  easy  of  approach. 

Obtrusive.     Inclined  to  make  one's  company  unwelcome. 

Peevish,  etc.     Unreasonably  cross  or  querulous,  etc.     See  Favorite* 

Morosenfss. 
Pert.     Regardless  of  the  respect  due  superiors. 
Perverse      Inclined  to  do  the  opposite  of  what  is  required. 
Precocious.     Forwardness. 
Repulsive.     Forbidding. 
Rough.     Lacking  in  politeness. 
Rude.     Very  rough,  so  as  to  be  offensive. 
Rugged.     Crabbed. 

Sarcastic.     Unjustifiably  bitter,  and  personal. 
Saucy.     Marked  by  sharp  impertinence. 
Sharp.     Cutting  in  speech. 
Short.     Petulant, 

Snarling,  etc.     Talking  in  a  surly,  growling  manner,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Sour.     Unpleasant  in  countenance. 
Stern.     Stiff  or  unsympathetic  in  manner  or  conduct. 
Sullen,  etc.     Discontented  and  morose,  etc.     See  Fayoritb-Morosb. 

NESS. 

Surly.     Quarrelsome;  cross. 

Surly  as  a  bear.    Very  surly. 

Tart.     Slightly  pungent. 

Trenchant.     Cutting. 

Unaccommodating.     Not  disposed  to  please. 

Unbred.     Not  trained. 

Unceremonious .     Not  according  to  rite  or  ceremony. 

Uncivil.     Impolite. 

Uncivilized.     Rude  and  barbarous. 

Uncomplaisant.     Disagreeable. 

Uncourteous.l  T        ... 

Uncourtly.     I 1™°°^- 

Ungainly.     Not  attractive. 

Ungallant.     Impolite. 

TJngenteel.     Ill-bred. 

Ungentle.     Ill-mannered. 

Ungentlemanlike.     Impolite. 

Ungentlemanly.     Impolite. 

Ungracious.     Unkind. 

Unladylike.     Not  like  a  lady. 

Unmannered.l  m*»s.        .     •  •  

Unmannerly.  1  Without  training  or  manner.. 

Unneighborly.     Not  social. 
Unpolished.     Rude. 
Unpolite.     Discourteous. 
Venomous.     Malignant. 
Virulent.     Moved  by  a  desire  to  injure. 

Vulgar,  etc.     Indicating  a  low  state  of  taste  and  manners,  etc.     Se* 
Taste-Vulgarity. 

Impoliteness — Adverbs. 

TMscourteously,  etc.     With  lack  of  courtesy,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

With  a  bad  grace.     UnwillingV. 

With  discourtesy,  etc.     Impolitely,  etc.     See  Nouns. 


POLITENESS— Adverbs,  etc  .—Continued. 

With  a  good  grace.     Cheerfully. 
With  open  arms. 
With  outstretched  arms 


f  Gladly  or  joyously. 


Politeness — Interjections. 

After  vostra  salute  [It. J.     To  your  health. 

All  hail  I 

Ave  [L.J.     Hail. 

Bon  jour  [F.J.     Good  morning. 

Bon  soir  [F.J.     Good  evening. 

Godspeed  1 

Good  day  I 

Good  morning  t 

Good  morrow  t 

Hail! 

May  your  shadow  never  be  less. 

Pax  vobiscum  [L.Q.     Peace  be  with  you. 

Serus  in  caelum  redeas  [L.J.     Late  return  thou  to  the  skies; 

Welcome  I 

Well  metl 


POLITIC. 


796 


POMP. 


pol'-i-tic.  Crafty;  sagacious.  Crapt-Artlessness, 
Recklessness  -  Caution,  Sagacity  -  Incapacity  ; 
body  politic,  Humanity,  Rule-License. 

po-lit'-ic-al  e-con'-o-my.    Economics.    Conduct. 

pol-i-ti'-cian.  One  versed  in  politics.  Adept-Bungler, 
Manager. 

pol'-i-tics.      The  science  of  government.      Oraft-Art- 

LESSNESS. 

pol'-i-ty.  Civil  constitution.  Conduct,  Duty-Dere- 
liction. 

pol'-ka.    A  dance.    Entertainment-Weariness. 

poll.  Count;  vote;  a  parrot.  Choice-Neutrality, 
Numbering,    Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

pol'-lard.  A  tree  shorn  of  its  top.  Greatness-Little- 
ness, Length-Shortness. 

polloi,  oi  [Gr.]  (pol-loi',  hoi).  The  mass.  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

poll'-par"-rot.  A  parrot.  Talkativeness-Tacitur- 
nity. 

pol-lute'.  Corrupt.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Cleanness-Filthiness. 

pol-lu'-tion.  Corruption.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Health-Sickness,  Reputation-Discredit, 
Virtue-Vice. 

po'-lo.    A  game.    Entertainment-Weariness. 

pol-troon'.    A  mean  coward.    Bravery-Cowardice. 

pol"-y-an'-drism.  The  civil  condition  of  having  more 
than  one  husband.    Matrimony-Celibacy. 

pol'-y-chord.  A  musical  instrument.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

pol"-y-chrc-mat'-ic.  Containing  more  than  one  atom  of 
chromium.    Color-Achromatism,  Variegation. 

pol'-y-chrome.  A  picture  in  several  colors  Painting, 
Variegation. 

po-lyg'-a-my.  The  condition  of  having  more  than  one 
wife  or  husband.    Matrimony-Celibacy. 

pol"-y-gas'-tric.  Having  several  bellies.  Contents- 
Receiver. 

pol'-y-glot.  Expressed  in  many  languages.  Interpre- 
tation-Misinterpretation, Language. 

pol'-y-gon.  A  figure  having  many  sides  and  many  an- 
gles.   Angularity,  Dweller-Habitation. 

po-lyg'-ra-phy.  The  use  of  a  polygraph.  Writing- 
Printing. 

po-lyl'-c-gy.    Talkativeness.    Terseness-Prolixity. 

po-lyl'-o-gist.  A  chatterbox.  Vocalization-Mute- 
ness. 

pol"-y-mor'-phism.  The  quality  of  presenting  many 
forms.    Biology. 

pc-lyph'-o-nism.  Polyphony.  Vocalization-Mute- 
ness. 

pol'-y-pus.    A  tumor.    Convexity-Concavity. 

pol'-y-scope.  A  multiplying  glass.  Optical  Instru- 
ments. 

pol"-y-syl'-la-ble.    A  word  of  several  syllables.    Letter. 

pol'-y-the"-ism.  The  doctrine  of  a  plurality  of  wives. 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

pol'-y-the"-ist.  A  believer  in  many  gods.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

pol"-y-the-is'-tic.  Believing  in  many  gods.  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

pom'-mel.  A  knob.  Recompense-Punition,  Round- 
ness, Suspension-Support. 

Po-mo'-na.  The  goddess  of  fruit-trees.  Zoology- 
Botany. 

pomp.     Ostentation.     Pomp. 

POMP. 

Array.     Imposing  arrangement. 

Ceremonial.     A  system  of  rules  and  ceremonies. 

Ceremony.      Formal  method  of  performing  acts  of  civility. 

Chic .      Style  or  good  form 

Claptrap.     A  device  or  trick  to  gain  applause. 


Dash.     A  vain  show. 

Demonstration.     A  show. 

Display.     Exhibition  for  effect. 

Dress.     That  which  is  used  as  covering  or  ornament  of  the  body. 

Etalage  [F.].     Laying  out  for  show 

Flourish.     Something  done  by  way  of  ostentation. 

Flying  colors.     Flags  waving  in  the  air    hence,  anything  showy. 

Foppery.     Affectation  of  show. 

Formalitv  /  ^ow  without  substance. 

Frippery.     Second-hand  finery  or  ornament. 

Fuss.     Unnecessary  ado  about  trifles. 

Gala.     Pomp  or  show. 

Glitter.     Brilliant  and  showy  luster. 

Grand  doings.     Acts  done  for  show. 

Insubstantial  pageant.     A  show  or  display. 

Magnificence.     Grandeur  or  splendor. 

March  past.     A  parade,  with  strutting. 

Mouth  h  nor.     Insincere  civility. 

Mummery.     Farcical  show. 

Pageant.     A  theatrical  exhibition  or  show. 

Pageantry.     Splendor. 

Parade.     Pompous  show. 

Pomp.     Show  of  magnificence. 

Pomposity.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  pompous. 

Pretense.     False,  deceptive  show. 

Pretensions.     A  holding  out  the  appearance  of  a  certain  character. 

Procession.     A  ceremonious  train. 

Promenade.     A  walk  for  pleasure  or  display. 

Punctiliousness.}  Particularity  or  exactness  in  forms. 

Puncto.     A  nice  point  of  form  or  ceremony. 

Review.     An  inspection. 

Ritual.     The  code  of  ceremonies  observed  by  an  organization. 

Set  out.     A  display. 

Show.     Proud  or  ostentatious  display. 

Showing  off.     Parade  or  pomp. 

Solemnity.     Affected  gravity  or  seriousness. 

Solemn  mockery.     A  counterfeit  appearance. 

Spectacle.     Something  exhibited  to  view. 

Splash.     A  show  of  ornament. 

Splendor.     Magnificence  or  parade. 

Stage  effect.     A  theatrical  entertainment. 

Starchedness.     Stiffness  in  manners;  formality. 

State.     Appearance  of  grandeur. 

Stateliness.     The  quality  of  being  grand. 

Strut.     A  pompous  step  or  walk. 

Tomfoolery.     Trifling. 

Turnout.     That  which  is  prominently  exhibited. 

Pomp — Denotations. 

Attitudinarian.     A  posture  maker 

Ball  dress.     Apparel  for  social  entertainments. 

Coup  de  theatre  [F.].     Theatrical  effect. 

Coup  d' ceil  [F.]      A  glance. 

Court  dress.     Apparel  worn  at  court. 

Equipage.     A  showy  turnout. 

Etiquette.     The  forms  to  be  observed  in  social  or  official  life 

Evening  dress.     Apparel  worn  at  evening  social  functions. 

Fancy  dress.     Showy  apparel. 

FAte.     A  festival. 

Field  day.     A  day  of  unusual  display. 

Flourish  of  trumpets.     A  noise  to  attract  attention. 

Fop,  etc.     One  whose  ambition  is  to  gain  admiration  by  showy  dress. 

See  Society-Dandy. 
Full  dress.     Dress  worn  on  occasions  of  ceremony. 
Man  millinery.     Articles  of  a  man's  dress. 
Millinery.     Articles,  as  head-dresses,  hats,  etc. 
Mise  en  scene  [F.].     Getting  up  of  a  dramatic  piece* 
Stage  trick.     A  contrivance  used  in  a  theatrical  entertaim 
Tailoring.     The  work  of  a  tailor 
Tour  de  force  [F .].     A  show  of  force. 

Pomp — Verbs. 

Attract  attention.     To  be  looked  upon   on  account  of  some  unusual 

appearance . 
Be  ostentatious,  etc.     To  show  off.     See  Adjectives. 
Blazon  forth.     To  make  widely  known. 

Brandish.     To  wave  or  shake  triumphantly  or  conspicuously. 
Clean  the  outside  of  the  platter,  etc.     To  misrepresent  or  disguise 

See  Delineation. 
Come  forward.     To  come  into  public  view. 
Cry  up,  etc.     To  make  known.     See  Approval. 


POMP. 


797 


POPULACE. 


■  To  make  a  striking  display. 


Cut  a  dash,     i 

Cut  a  figure.  >•  To  make  a  striking  display. 

Cut  a  splash.  J 

Dangle.     To  hang  loosely  suspended. 

Dangle  before  the  eyes.     To  show  off. 

Display.     To  exhibit ;  expose  to  view 

Emblazon.     To  display;  extol. 

Exhibit.     To  bring  into  public  view:  display. 

Figure.     To  take  a  prominent  part. 

Flaunt.     To  display  with  ostentation. 

Glitter.     To  shine;  sparkle:  gleam. 

Hang  out.     To  show  off. 

Have  framed  and  glazed.     To  arrange  or  place  as  to  show  off  well. 

Hold  up.     To  bring  into  notice. 

Make  a  dash. 

Make  a  display. 

Make  a  figure. 

Make  a  glitter. 

Make  a  show. 

Make  a  splash. 

March  past.     To  attract  attention. 

Mount.     To  fasten  to  anything  for  exhibition. 

Parade.     To  make  an  ostentatious  display  or  show. 

Prink.     To  dress  for  show  or  display. 

Put  a  good  face  upon.     To  make  anything  seem  pleasant  or  agreeable. 

Put  a  smiling  face  upon.     To  show  off  agreeably. 

Put  forward.     To  bring  to  notice. 

Put  oneself  forward.     To  draw  attention  to  oneself. 

Setoff.     To  exhibit. 

Show  off.     To  display  ostentatiously. 

Sport.     To  display  with  ostentation. 

Star  it.     To  be  conspicuous. 

Trot  out.     To  bring  into  notice. 

Pomp — Adjectives. 
Ceremonial.    1  Jn  accordance  with  form. 
Ceremonious.-' 

Dashing.      Boastingly  showy. 
Dramatic.     Theatrical;  showy. 
Endimanche  [F.].     In  Sunday  clothes. 
En  grande  lenue  [P.).     In  full  dress. 
Flaming.      Brilliant;  shining. 
Flashing.      Cheaply  pretentious  and  showy. 
Flaunting.     Make  an  ostentatious  display;  showy. 
Formal.     According  to  a  prescribed  form. 
Garish.      Extravagantly  showy  or  flashing. 
Gaudy.     Of  brilliant  colors ;  garish. 
Gaudy  as  a  butterfly.  1 
Gaudy  as  a  peacock.  >  Showy. 
Gaudy  as  a  tulip.        ) 

Gay, etc.     Brilliant;  showy.     See  Embellishmint. 
Glittering.     Shining;  sparkling. 
Grand.      Magnificent;  wonderful. 
High  sounding.     Ostentatious ;  boasting. 
In  best  bib  and  tucker.     In  best  clothes. 
In  Sunday  clothes.     In  best  clothes. 

Janty.    I  jn  a  careless  or  self-satisfied  manner. 

Jaunty.  > 

Magnificent.     Exhibiting  great  splendor. 

Majestic.     Imposing  and  attractive. 

Ostentatious.     Exhibiting  a  vain  or  boastful  display. 

Palatial.      Like  a  palace;  grand. 

Pompous.      Displaying  great  power  or  wealth. 

Pretentious.      Marked  by  affectation  or  conceit. 

Punctilious.      Exact  in  forms  of  etiquette. 

Ritual.      According  to  form  or  ritual. 

Showy.      Making  a  great  display. 

Solemn.     Stiff. 

Spectacular.     Pertaining  to  a  grand  scenic  display. 

Splendid.      Fine;  excellent 

Starched.      Formal. 

Stately.     Grand;  imposing. 

Stiff.      Formal. 

Sumptuous.      Involving  great  expenditure. 

Theatrical.     Artificial;  pompous. 

Turgid,  etc.     Full  of  bombast.     See  Simplicity-Floridness. 

Pomp — Adverbs,  etc. 
Ad  captandum  vulgus  [L.].     To  catch  the  common  crowd. 
With  beat  of  drums.  ■) 

With  flourish  of  trumpet.  V  With  noise  and  show. 
With  flying  colors.  ) 

Pomp — Phrase. 
Honnres  mutant  mores  [L]      Honors  change  men's  manners. 


pom-pos'-i-ty.     The  state  of  being  pompous.      Pomp. 

pom'-pous.  Pretentious.  Pomp,  Simplicity-Florid- 
ness. 

pon'-cho.  A  garment  worn  by  Spanish-Americans. 
Dress-Undress. 

pond.  A  small  body  of  water.  Gulf-Plain,  Store; 
fish-pond,  Domestication  -  Agriculture,  Gulf- 
Plain. 

pon'-der.  Consider  thoughtfully.  Heaviness-Light- 
ness, Reflection-Vacancy. 

pon'-der-a-ble.  Capable  of  being  weighed.  Heavi- 
ness-Lightness, Materiality-Spirituality. 

pon'-der-ance.     Weight.     Equality-Inequality. 

pon"-der-a'-tion.  The  act  of  weighing.  Decision- 
Misjudgment,  Heaviness-Lightness. 

pondus  junto,  dare  [L.]  (pon'-dus  fiu'-mo,  de'-ri).  To 
give  weight  to  smoke.     Decision-Misjudgment. 

pon'-iard.     A  small  dagger.     Weapon. 

pons  asinorum  [L.]  (pons  as-in-o'-rum) .  The  asses' 
bridge.  Clearness-Obscurity,  Difficulty-Facil- 
ity. 

ponlem  et  jonlem,  misericordia  Domini,  inter  [L.] 
(pon'-tem  et  fon'-tem,  mis"-er-i-cor'-di-a  dom'-i-nai, 
in'-ter) .  'Twixt  bridge  and  wave  the  Lord  may  save. 
Possibility-Impossibility. 

pon'-tiff .     A  high  priest.     Ministry-Laity. 

pon-Jif'-ic-al.     Papal.     Church. 

pon-tif'-ic-als.     The  dress  of  a  pontiff.     Vestments. 

pon-tif '-i-cate .     The  office  of  a  pontiff .     Church. 

pon-toon'.  A  boat;  a  bridge.  Conveyance-Vessel, 
Way. 

po'-ny.     A  small  horse.     Conveyer. 

poo'-dle.     A  dog.     Fauna-Flora. 

pooh'-pooh".  Speak  sneeringly.  Consequence-In- 
significance, Regard-Scorn. 

pool.  A  small  lake;  billiards.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Gain-Loss,  Gulf-Plain. 

poop.  The  stern  of  a  veseel.  Anteriority-Pcl- 
teriority. 

poor.  Destitute;  lean;  weak.  Affluence-Penury, 
Consequence  -  Insignificance,  Excess  -  Lack, 

Force-Weakness,  Pleasure-Pain,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Casuistry, Strength-Weakness,  Welfare- 
Misfortune;  cut  a  poor  figure,  Beauty-Ugliness; 
poor  hand,  Adept-Bungler;  poor  head,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity;  poor  in  spirit,  Conceit-Diffidence; 
poor  man,  Affluence-Penury;  poor  thing,  Com- 
passion-Ruthlessness. 

poor'-ly.  In  bad  health.  Health-Sickness;  poorly 
off,  Affluence-Penury. 

poor'-ness.     Poverty.     Excess-Lack. 

poor'-spir"-it-ed.     Mean.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

pop.  A  quick  noise.  Crash-Drumming,  Expecta- 
tion-Surprise; pop  a  question,  Investigation-An- 
swer; pop  at,  Attack-Defense;  pop  in,  Entrance- 
Exit,  Injection-Ejection;  pop  off,  Life-Death; 
pop  the  question,  Blandishment,  Petition-Ex- 
postulation; pop  upon,  Arrival-Departure,  Dis- 
covery. 

pope.  The  Bishop  of  Rome.  Certainty-Doubt, 
Ministry-Laity. 

pope'-dom.     The  dominion  of  the  pope.     Church. 

Pope  Joan.     A  game.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

go'-per-y.  The  Roman  Catholic  religion.  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

pop'-gun".  A  toy  gun.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance. 

pop'-in-iay.     A  coxcomb.     Society-Dandy. 

pop'-lar.  A  tree.  Tall  as  a  poplar,  Height-Low- 
ness. 

pop'-py.     A  soporific  plant.     Turbulence-Calmness. 

pop'-py-head" .     Carved  finial.     Architecture. 

pop'-u-lace.     The  masses.     Gentility-Commonalty. 


POPULAR. 


798 


POSITION. 


pop'-u-lar.  Pleasing;  approved.  Approval-Dispar- 
agement, Love -Hate,  Reputation -Discredit; 
popular  opinion,  Assent-Dissent. 

popularis,  aura  [L.]  (pop-yu-le'-ris,  au'-ra) .  The  gale 
of  popular  favor.     Reputation-Discredit. 

pop"-u-lar'-i-ty.  Public  favor.  Approval -Disap- 
proval. 

pop'-u-lar-ize.  Make  popular.  Clearness-Obscurity, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness. 

pop'-u-lar-ized.  Made  popular.  Clearness-Ob- 
scurity. 

pop"-u-la'-tion.  The  whole  people  of  a  country. 
Dweller-Habitation,  Humanity. 

popuh,  fax  [L.]  (pop'-yu-lai,  fex).  The  scum  of 
society.     Gentility-Commonalty. 

populi,  regnant  [L.]  (pop'-yu-lai,  reg'-nant).  The 
people  rule.     Liberty-Subjection,  Rule-License. 

popuh,  vox  [L.]  (pop'-yu-lai,  vox).  Public  senti- 
ment. Choice-Neutrality,  Publicity,  Rule- 
License. 

pop'-u-lous.  Densely  populated.  Gathering-Scat- 
tering, Multiplicity -Paucity,  Presence -Ab- 
sence. 

pop'-u-lous-ness.  The  state  of  being  populous.  Gath- 
ering-Scattering. 

por'-ce-lain.  The  finest  kind  of  earthenware.  Heat- 
ing-Cooling, Sculpture. 

porch.  A  portico.  Aperture-Closure,  Architec- 
ture, Beginning-End,  Border,  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

por'-cu-pine.  An  animal  covered  with  spines.  Fa- 
vorite-Quarrelsomeness, Sharpness-Bluntness. 

pore.  A  small  passage  in  the  skin.  Aperture-Clo- 
sure, Watercourse-Airpipe;  pore  over,  Educa- 
tion-Learning, Heed-Disregard,  Sight-Blind- 
ness. 

po'-rism.  A  corollary.  Decision-Misjudgment,  In- 
vestigation-Answer. 

por'  -no-graph'-ic.     Licentious.     Purity-Impurity. 

po-ros'-i-ty.  The  state  of  having  pores.  Aperture- 
Closure. 

po'-rous.  Having  pores.  Aperture-Closure,  Con- 
vexity-Concavity. 

po'-rous-ness.  The  state  of  being  porous.  Aperture- 
Closure. 

por'-poisa.     Alargefish.     Greatness-Littleness. 

por'-rin-ger.     A  small  dish.     Contents-Receiver. 

port.  Carriage;  a  harbor.  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Arrival-Departure,  Dweller-Habitation, 
Movement-Rest,  Refuge-Pitfall,  Right-Left; 
port  admiral,  Chief-Underling;  port  fire,  Combus- 
tible ;  port  wine,  Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

port'-a-ble.  Light;  that  may  be  carried.  Great- 
ness-Littleness, Heaviness-Lightness,  Trans- 
fer. 

port'-age.     The  act  of  transporting.     Transfer. 

por'-tal.  Entrance.  Aperture-Closure,  Beginning- 
End,  Border. 

por'-ta-tive.  Portable.  Greatness -Littleness, 
Transfer. 

port-cul'-lis.  A  framework  of  crossed  timber  for 
obstructing  a  passage.  Attack -Defense,  Ob- 
struction-Help. 

porte-monnaie  [F.]  (port"-mo-n&') .  A  pocket-book  cr 
purse.     Treasury. 

por-tend'.     To  foretoken.     Prophecy. 

por-tenf.     Anomenof  ill.     Phenomenon,  Portent. 

PORTENT 

Augury.     A  portent;  an  omen. 

Auspice.     A  favorable  omen. 

Bird  of  ill  omen.     A  bird  regarded  as  a  sign  of  bad  luck. 


Gathering  clouds.     Evil  omens. 

Harbinger,  etc.  A  foretelling  of  something  that  is  going  to  happen. 
See  Predecessor. 

Omen.     A  sign  foretelling  something  that  is  going  to  happen 

Portent.  Any  phenomenon  that  indicates  the  happening  of  some 
momentous  future  event. 

Prefigurement.  A  foreshadowing;  a  sign  anticipating  some  future 
event. 

Presage.     A  presentiment ;  a  prophetic  indication. 

Prognostic.     A  sign  or  indication  of  some  future  event. 

Sign.  A  remarkable  event,  considered  by  the  ancients  as  indicating 
the  will  of  some  deity.     See  Sign. 

Signs  of  the  times.     An  event  considered  as  indicating  the  divine  will. 

Warning.     Caution  against  danger.     See  Warning. 

Yule  candle.  A  large  candle  used  to  light  the  festivities  of  Christmas 
eve.  It  was  an  evil  omen  for  the  candle  to  burn  out  before  the  eve- 
ning was  at  an  end. 

Portent — Adjective. 

Ill-boding.     Promising  ill. 

Portent — Phrase. 
Auspicium  melioris  tevi  [L-.].     Augury  of  a  happier  time. 

por-tent'-ous.  Ominous.  Prophecy,  Sanguineness- 
Timidity. 

por'-tei.  A  janitor.  Conveyer,  Perforator-Stop- 
per. 

por'-ter-age.     The  work  of  a  porter.     Transfer. 

port-fo'-li-o.  A  portable  case  for  papers.  Contents- 
Receiver,  Management,  Mark -Obliteration, 
Missive-Publication,  Scepter,  Store. 

port'-hole.     A  gun-hole.     Aperture-Closure. 

por'-ti-co.  A  piazza.  Architecture,  Beginning- 
End,  Contents-Receiver. 

por'-tion.  A  share.  Assignment,  Whole-Part;  por- 
tion out,  Whole-Part. 

port'-ly.     Large.     Greatness-Littleness. 

port-man'-teau.  A  bag  to  carry  clothes  in.  Con- 
tents-Receiver. 

por'-trait.  A  likeness.  Copy-Model,  Delineation- 
Caricature,  Painting. 

por'-trait -paint'-er.  One  who  makes  portraits.  Artist. 

por'-trait-paint'-ing.     To  paint  portraits.     Painting. 

por'-trai-ture.  The  drawing  of  portraits.  Delinea- 
tion-Caricature, Painting. 

por-tray'.  To  paint  the  likeness  of.  Account,  De- 
lineation-Caricature. 

port'-reeve".  A  port -warden.  Chief- Underling, 
Judicature. 

po-sa'-da.     An  inn.     Dweller-Habitation. 

pose.  Position;  puzzle.  Certainty-Doubt,  Dif- 
ficulty-Facility, Form-Formlessness,  Position, 
Society- Affectation;  pose  as,  Delineation-Ca- 
ricature. 

po'-ser.     A  puzzling  question.     Difficulty-Facility. 

pos'-it-ed.     Placed.     Establishment-Removal. 

po-si'-tion.  Situation;  office.  Assertion-Denial, 
Condition-Situation,  Hypothesis,  Position,  Rep- 
utation-Discredit, Station;  position  in  society, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

POSITION. 

Aspect.     Position  as  regards  view  or  outlook. 

Attitude.     Position,  as  of  the  body,  expressive  of  some  feeling. 

Bearings,  etc.     Situation  of  an  object  in  relation  to  another  object  or 

other  points  or  places.     See  Aim. 
Footing.     A  place  to  put  the  foot. 
Latitude  and  longitude.     Position  expressed  in  degrees    of  latitude 

and  longitude.  , 

Locality.   A  definite  spot  or  region,  especially  a  geographical  position 
Place.     A  particular  point  or  portion  of  space. 
Pose.     Position  of  the  body  with  reference  to  artistic  effect. 
Position.     Arrangement  of  the  body  or  parts  of  the  body. 
Post.     Fixed  or  assigned  place  or  station. 
Posture.     Disposition  of  parts  of  a  body,  assumed  or  natural. 
Seat.     A  place  to  sit  in  or  of  abode. 
Site.     Position  with  special  reference  to  surroundings. 


POSITION. 


799 


POSSIBILITY— IMPOSSIBILITY. 


Situation.     Location  in  respect  to  something  else. 

Spot,  etc.  A  particular  place  of  small  extent.  See  Extension- 
Place. 

Stage.     A  large  scene  of  action. 

Standing.  A  place  to  stand  in;  relative  position,  as  in  social  or  other 
relations. 

Standpoint.     Position  from  which  something  is  viewed  or  regarded. 

Station.     An  assigned  place. 

Status.     Condition  with  reference  to  some  special  circumstances. 

Venue.  Place  where  a  crime  is  committed  or  from  which  a  jury  must 
be  summoned. 

Whereabouts.     Place  in  or  near  which  a  person  is. 

Position — Denotation . 
Map.     A  representation  of  some  portion  of  the  surface  of  the  earth. 

Position — Scientific  Nouns. 
Chorography.     The  mapping  out  of  regions  or  districts. 
Geography.     The  science  that  treats  of  the  surface  of  the  earth. 
Topography.     Representation  of  physical  features  of  a  region  on  a 
map  in  detail. 

Position — Verbs. 

Be  si*ua'e-   j  To  have  a  particular  position.     See  Adjectives. 

Have  its  seat  in.     To  be  located  in  a  particular  place. 
Lie.     Have  a  location  or  fixed,  position. 

Position — Adjectives. 
Local.     Pertaining  to  or  existing  in  a  locality. 
Situate.     Having  a  fixed  or  relative  position. 
Situated.     Given  a  specific  position. 
Topical.     Belonging  to  a  place ;  local. 

Topographical.  Pertaining  to  topography  or  in  general,  relative  po- 
sition. 

Position — Adverbs,  etc. 
Amidst  such  and  such  entourage.     Having  particular  boundaries. 
Amidst  such  and  such  environs.     Having  such  boundaries. 
Amidst  such  and  such  surroundings.     Located. 
Here.     In  or  at  this  particular  place. 
Hereabouts.     Somewhere  near  here. 
Here  and  there.     Scattered. 
In  loco  [L.].     In  the  place. 
In  place.     Situated. 

In  situ  [L.].      In  its  original  or  proper  situation. 
In  such  and  such  entourage.  "| 

In  such  and  such  environs.  >  Located  in  that  particular  place. 

In  such  and  such  surroundings.  ) 
Passim  [L.].     Everywhere;  throughout. 
There.     In  that  place. 
Thereabout.     Somewhere  near  that  place. 
Whereabouts.     Near  what  place. 


pos'-i-tive.  Certain;  absolute;  a  degree  of  comparison. 
Assertion-Denial,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Decision-Misjudgment,  En- 
tity -  Nonentity,  Faith  -  Misgiving,  Harshness- 
Mildness,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Number,  Parti- 
cle; philosophic  positive,  Materiality-Spiritual- 
ity; positive  color,  Color-Achromatism;  positive 
degree,  Magnitude-Smallness;  positive  fact,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt. 

pos'-i-tive-ness.  Certainty.  Certainty-Doubt,  En- 
tity-Nonentity. 

pos'-i-tiv-ism.  A  philosophy  of  positives.  Godliness- 
Disbelief,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

pos'-i-tiv-ist.  Comtist.  Godliness-Disbelief,  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

pos'-net.     A  little  basin.     Contents-Receiver. 

po-sol'-o-gy.     The  science  of  doses.     Remedy-Bane. 

pos'-se.  A  force  of  men.  Association,  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Position;  posse  comitatus,  Belliger- 
ent, Gathering-Scattering,  Judicature,  Rule- 
License. 

posse,  in  [L.]  (pos'-si,  in).  Possible.  Possibility-Im- 
possibility. 

pos-sess'.  Own.  Holding-Exemption,  Property; 
possess  a  state,  Condition-Situation  ;  possess  knowl- 
edge, Knowledge-Ignorance;  possess  oneself  of, 
Taking-Restitution;  possess  the  mind,  Faith-Mis- 
giving ;  possess  the  soul,  Excitation. 

pos-sessed' .     Crazy.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

pos-sessed'  with  a  dev'-il.  Wicked.  Saneness-Lun- 
acy. 

pos-ses'-sion.  Ownership.  Holding  -  Exemption, 
Property;  come  into  possession,  Alienation,  Gain- 
Loss;  in  one's  possession,  Holding-Exemption;  per- 
son in  possession,  Holder;  put  one  in  possession  of, 
Enlightenment-Secrecy;  remain  in  possession  of 
the  field,  Success-Failure. 

pos-sess'-or.  The  person  who  holds  or  occupies. 
Holder. 

pos"-si-bil'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  possible.  Con- 
tingency, Possibility-Impossibility,  Property, 
Rationale-Luck;  possibility  upon  a  possibility,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt. 


POSSIBILITY— IMPOSSIBILITY. 


Chance.  An  event  resulting  from  no  assignable  cause.  See  Pur- 
pose-Luck. 

Compatibility.     State  of  being  congruous.     See  Harmony. 

Contingency.     A  possibility  of  an  event  happening. 

Feasibility.  State  of  being  feasible  or  capable  of  being  done  or  per- 
formed. 

Possibility.     State  of  being  possible,  or  able  to  happen. 

Potentiality.      Possibility;  capability. 

Practicability.  \  State  of  being  feasible  or  practicable.  See  Adjec- 
ess.J 


Practicableness .  I       fives . 
What  is  possible. 
What  may  be  possible. 


Things  that  may  happen,  or  may  be  done. 

Possibility — Verbs. 
Admit  of.     To  be  possible  of;  allow. 
Bear.     To  endure ;  allow. 

Be  possible.     Capable  of  being  done.     See  Adjectives. 
Put  in  the  way  of.     To  place  in  such  a  condition  as  it  may  be  done. 
Render  possible.     To  make  capable  of  being  done.     See  Adjectives. 
Stand  a  chance.     To  have  a  possibility 

Possibility — Adjectives. 
Accessible.     Capable  of  being  reached  or  attained. 
Achievable.     Capable  of  being  done. 
Attainable.     That  which  can  be  attained,  or  acquired. 
Compatible.     Able  to  exist  together.     See  Harmony. 
Conceivable.     Able  to  be  conceived;  apprehensible. 
Contingent.     Possible  to  happen.     See  Certainty-Doubt. 
Credible.     Possible  to  be  believed. 
Feasible.     Able  to  be  executed  or  done. 


Hopelessness.     State  of  being  destitute  of  hope.     See  Sanguineness- 

HOPELESSNESS. 

Impossibility.     State  of  being  unable  to  do  or  perform.     See  Adjec- 
tives. 

T£  caannnotVber.be'}  l-*^—*  <*  «««** 

Impossibility—  Denotation. 
Sour  grapes.     Things  which  persons,  like  the  fox  in  the  fable,  affect 
to  despise  because  they  cannot  obtain  them. 

Impossibility — Verbs. 

Attempt  impossibilities.     To  attempt  what  cannot  be  done. 

Be  impossible.     To  be  incapable  of  being  done.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  in  two  places  at  once. 

Build  castles  in  the  air. 

Catch  a  weasel  asleep. 

Extract  sunbeams  from  cucumbers. ; 

Have  no  chance  whatever.)  «,    ,     . ... 

„  ...        .  f  To  be  impossible. 

Have  nothing  to  go  upon.  ) 

Make  a  silk  purse  out  of  a  sow's  ear."! 

Make  bricks  without  straw.  >1 

Milk  a  he  goat  into  a  sieve.  J 

Prendre  la  lune  avec  les  dents  [F.].     To  seize  the  moon  by  the  teeth. 

Rompre  Vanguille  au  genou  [F.].     To  break  the  eel  on  the  knee. 

Set  the  Thames  on  fire. 


To  attempt  impossibilities. 


>-To  attempt  the  impossible. 


Skin  a  flint. 
Square  the  circle. 
Wash  a  blackamoor  white. 
Weave  a  rope  of  sand. 


■  To  do  or  attempt  the  impossible. 


POSSIBILITY. 


800 


POSTNATE. 


POSSIBILITY— IMPOSSIBILITY—  Continued. 


POSSIBILITY— Adjectives— Continued. 

in  posse  [L  L     In  possibility. 

Obtainable.      Possible  of  being  attained  or  acquired. 

On  the  cards.      Likely  to  happen. 

On  the  dice.     Possible  to  happen. 

Performable.     Able  to  be  accomplished. 

Possible.     Able  to  happen  or  not. 

Practicable.     Able  to  be  practised;  feasible. 

Superab  e.     Able  to  be  overcome. 

Surmountable.      Rising  above,  able  to  conquer. 

Within  reach.     Capable  of  being  attained  or  done. 

Within  the  bounds  of  possibility.     Liable  to  happen. 

Possibility — Adverbs,  etc. 
By  possibility.      By  a  chance. 
Deo  volente  [L.].     God  willing 
D.  V.  [L  ].     Deo  volente:  God  willing. 
God  willing.      Possible  if  God  wills  it. 
Haply.      Perhaps. 
If  possible.      If  capable  of  being  done. 

MayhapJ  Perhaps- 

Peradventure.      Perhaps  it  may  be. 

Perchance.     By  chance. 

Perhaps.     It  may  be. 

Possibly.      By  a  chance. 

Wind  and  weather  permitting.     If  conditions  are  favorable. 

Possibility — Phrase. 
Misericordia  Domini  inter  pontem  et  jontem  fl-  ]■ 
wave  the  Lord  may  save. 


'Twixt  bridge  and 


IMPOSSIBILITY— A.DJECTIW.S— Continued  from  Colun.n  i. 

TJnsurmountable.      Not  to  be  passed  or  overcome. 
Visionary.     Dreamy;  impracticable. 

Impossibility — Phrases. 
Chercher  une  aigille  dans  une  botte  de  foin  [F.].     To  look  for  a  needle 

in  a  haystack. 
11  a  le  mer  a  boire  [P.].      He  has  the  sea  to  drink. 
Non  nostrum  tantas    componere    Hies    [L  ].     It  is  not  our  duty  to 

settle  such  grave  disputes.     [Virgil,  Eclogues,  3    108] 
Non  possumus  [L.].     We  are  not  able. 
The  grapes  are  sour. 
Ultra  crepidam  [L.].      Beyond  the  sole  or  lasts. 


1  Impossible  to  be  done. 


Impossibility — Adjectives. 
Absurd.     Contrary  to  reason ;  opposed  to  common-sense. 
Beyond  control. 
Beyond  one's  depth. 
Beyond  one's  grasp. 
Beyond  one 's  power. 
Beyond  one's  reach. 
Beyond  the  bounds  of  possibility. 
Beyond  the  bounds  of  reason. 
Contrary  to  reason. 
Desperate.     Heedless  or  careless  of  safety. 
From  which  reason  recoils.     Unreasonable. 
Impassible.     Not  affected  by -feeling. 
Impervious.     Not  permitting  entrance  or  passage  through 
Impossible.     Not  capable  of  happening. 
Impracticable.      Not  practicable. 
Inaccessible.     Not  easy  of  being  reached. 
Incompatible.     Not  congruous,    not  existing  together.     See   Hab 

mony-Discord. 
Inconceivable.     Not    conceivable;     not    imaginable.     See    Likbli 

hood-Unlikelihood. 
Incredible.     Not  believable.     See  Faith-Misgivino. 
Inextricable.     Not  capable  of  being  freed  from  difficulties. 
Infeasible.     Not  practicable. 
Inimaginable.     Unimaginable. 
Innavigable.     Not  capable  of  being  sailed. 
Insuperable.     Not  surmountable. 
Insurmountable.      Not  to  be  overcome  or  conquered. 
Not  possible.      Not  to  be  done. 
Rot  to  be  had. 
Not  to  be  thought  of. 
Out  of  one's  depth. 
Out  of  one's  grasp. 
Out  of  one's  power. 
Out  of  reach. 
Out  of  the  question. 

Prodigious.     Enormous;  unusual.     See  Astonishment. 
Too  much  for.      Beyond  one's  power. 
Unachievable.     Not  to  be  accomplished. 
Unattainable.     Not  to  be  acquired. 
Uncomeatable.     Not  to  be  reached. 
Unfeasible.     Not  to  be  done. 
Unimaginable.     Not  imaginable. 
Unobtainable.     Not  to  be  secured. 

Unreasonable.     Against  reason.     See  Ratiocination-Instinct. 
(.Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


Impossible  to  be  accomplished. 


pos'-si-ble.  That  may  be.  Contingency,  Possi- 
bility-Impossibility, Purpose-Luck,  Rationale- 
Luck. 

pos'-si-bly.    Perhaps.    Possibility-Impossibility. 

possidetis,  uti  [L.\  (pos-si-di'-tis  yu'-tai).  As  you 
possess.       Holding-Exemption,     Keeping-Relin- 

QUISHMENT. 

post.  Location;  support;  despatch.  Account,  Con- 
nective, Establishment-Removal,  Mark-Oblit- 
eration, Messenger,  Missive-Publication,  Occu- 
pation, Position,  Publicity,  Recompense-Puni- 
tion,  Reputation-Discredit,  Sign,  Suspension- 
Support,  Swiftness-Slowness;  at  one's  post,  Duty- 
Dereliction,  Preparation  -  Nonpreparation  ; 
driven  from  post  to  pillar,  Difficulty-Facility  sign- 
post, Sign;  stand  like  a  post,  Movement-Rest. 

■post  hoc,  ergo  propter  hoc  [L]  (post  hoc,  er'-go  prop'- 
ter  hoc).  After  this,  therefore  on  account  of  this. 
Ratiocination-Instinct. 

post'-boy".     A  courier.      Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

post'-card".  A  card  used  for  mail  correspondence. 
Missive-Publication. 

post'-chaise".     A  carriage.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

post'-date".  A  date  put  to  a  paper  later  than  when  it 
was  made.     Chronology-Anachronism. 

post"-di-lu'-vi-al.  Happening  after  the  flood  in  Noah's 
day.  Antecedence-Sequence,  Precedence-Suc- 
cession. 

post"-di-lu'-vi-an.  One  living  after  the  deluge.  Ante- 
cedence-Sequence. 


post'-er.     A  bill-poster.     Publicity. 

pos-te'-ri-or.  Later  in  time  or  order.  Antecedence- 
Sequence,  Anteriority- Posteriority,  Prece- 
dence-Succession. 

pos-te"-ri-or'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  later.  Ante- 
cedence-Sequence, Anteriority-Posteriority. 

pos-ter'-i-ty.  Descendants.  Future-Past,  Parent- 
age-Progeny; hand  down  to  posterity,  Mark- 
Obliteration,  Reputation-Discredit. 

pos'-tern.  A  back  gate.  Anteriority-Posteriority, 
Aperture-Closure,  Beginning-End. 

post"-ex-ist'-ence.  Subsequent  existence.  Occur- 
rence-Destiny. 

post"-haste'.  With  speed.  Hurry-Leisure,  Reck- 
lessness-Caution, Swiftness-Slowness. 

post"-horse'.  A  horse  for  rapid  travel  from  one  station 
to  another.     Conveyer. 

pos'-thu-mous.  Being  after  one's  death.  Antece- 
dence-Sequence, Earliness- Lateness;  posthu- 
mous fame,  Reputation-Discredit. 

pos-til'-ion.  One  who  rides  a  coach-horse.  Manager, 
Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

post"-li-min'-i-ous.  Done  subsequently.  Antece- 
dence-Sequence, Earliness-Lateness. 

post"-me-ridM-an.  Pertaining  to  the  afternoon. 
Morning-Evening. 

post"-mor'-tem.  Expert  examination  of  a  body  after 
death.    Life-Death,  Life-Funeral. 

post'-nate".     Subsequent.     Antecedence-Sequence. 


POST-OBIT. 


801 


POWER. 


posi  '-o'-bit.     A  kind   of   bond.     Life -Death,   Life- 
Funeral. 
post'-of'-fice.     A  place  where. mail  is    received  and 

delivered.    Messenger;  post-office  order,  Money. 
post-pone'.     Delay.     Earliness-Lateness. 
post-pone'-ment.     A  deferring.     Earliness-Lateness. 
post'-script.    A  part  added  to  a  writing.     Predecessor- 
Continuation. 
pos'-tu-Iant.      A   petitioner.      Ministry-Laity,    Peti- 
tion-Expostulation, Petitioner. 
pos'-tu-late.      Assume    without    proof.      Hypothesis, 

Ratiocination-Instinct. 
pos"-tu-la'-tion.     Assumption;  request.     Hypothesis, 

Petition-Expostulation. 
pos'-tu-la-to"-ry.    Assuming  without  proof.    Hypoth- 
esis. 
pos'-ture.      Attitude.      Condition-Situation,    Form- 
Formlessness,  Position. 
pos'-tuj'i-mas'-ter.     Actor.     Acting,  Wag. 
po'-sy.     A  motto;  a  nosegay.      Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement, Poetry-Prose,  Sign. 
pot.     An  earthen  vessel.     Conservation,  Contents- 
Receiver,    Heating-Cooling,    Magnitude-Small- 
ness,    Oven-Refrigerator;      death    in    the    pot, 
Healthiness-Unhealthiness,  Refuge-Pitfall; go 
to  pot,  Creation-Destruction,  Success-Failure; 
keep  the  pot  boiling,  Activity-Indolence,  Discon- 
tinuance-Continuance, Excitation;  make  the  pot 
bcil,  Gain-Loss. 
pot  an  lait,  le  [F.]  (pot  o  le,  le).      The  pot  of  milk. 

Fancy,  Sanguinen ess-Hopelessness. 
po'-ta-ble.    Suitable  for  drinking.    Nutriment-Excre- 
tion; potable  water,  Chemistry. 
pot'-age.     Pottage:  obsolete  except  as  a  French  word. 

Nutriment-Excretion. 
pot'-a-ger.    A  metal  vessel.     Contents-Receiver. 
po-ta'-tion.       A    beverage.       Nutriment-Excretion, 

Teetotalism-Intemperance. 
pot'-bel"-lied.       Corpulent.       Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion. 
pot'-com-pan"-ion.    A  boon  companion.    Friend-Foe. 
po'-ten-cy.     Relative  power.     Might-Impotence. 
po'-tent.     Powerful.     Might-Impotence,  Possibility- 
Impossibility,  Strength-Weakness. 
po'-ten-tate.     Ruler.     Chief-Underling. 
po-ten'-tial.     Having  power.     Entity-Nonentity. 
po-ten"-ti-al'-i-ty.   Inherent,  capacity  for  development. 

Might-Impotence,  Possibility-Impossibility. 
poth'-er.     To  harass  or  perplex.     Emotion,  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness,  Regularity-Irregularity. 
pot'-herbs".     Culinary  plants.     Condiment. 
pot'-hooks".     Written  characters  made  like  pot-hooks. 

Pot-hooks  and  hangers,  Writing-Printing. 
pot'-house".    An  ale-house.     Dweller-Habitation. 
pot'-hun"-ter.      One   who  shoots  any  kind  of  game 
regardless  of  the  laws;  a  place  hunter.     Petitioner. 
po'-tion.    A  draft.     Nutriment-Excretion,  Remedy- 
Bane. 
pot'-luck".     Whatever  may  chance  to  be  in  the  pot. 

Nutriment-Excretion,  Purpose-Luck. 
Po-tc-si'.     The  southwestern  part  of  Bolivia,  noted  for 

its  richness  in  metals.     Affluence-Penury. 
pot"-pour"-ri'.    A  mixture.    Mixture-Homogeneity, 

Music,  Perfume-Stench. 
pot'-tage.      A   thick    broth    of  meat   and   vegetables. 

Nutriment-Excretion. 
pot'-ter.     To  idle.     Activity-Indolence. 
pot'-ter-ing.    To  work  without  spirit.    Activity-Indo- 
lence. 
pot'-ter-y.    The  wares  of  a  potter.    Heating-Cooling, 
Sculpture. 
51 


pot'-tle.     A  pot.     Contents-Receiver. 

pot'-u-lent.  Fit  to  drink;  drunk.  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion, Teetotalism-Intemper.  nce. 

pot'-val"-iant.  Having  courage  by  drink.  Teetotal- 
ism-Intemperance. 

pot'-wal"-lop-er.  In  England,  a  voter  under  peculiar 
restriction  before  the  Reform  Law  of  1832.  Gen- 
tility-Commonalty. 

pouch.     A  small  bag.     Contents-Receiver. 

poudre  aux  yeux,  jeter  de  la  [F.]  (pudr  oz  yu,  zhe-te' 
de  la).  To  throw  dust  into  the  eyes  of  a  person. 
Sight-Blindness. 

puodre,  qui  n'a  pas  invent^  la  [F.]  (pudr,  ki  no.  pa  an' 
van-te'  la) .  He  did  not  invent  gunpowder.  Adept- 
Bungler,  Sage-Fool. 

poul'-tice.  A  soothing  application  for  sores.  Allevi- 
ation-Aggravation, PuLPINESS-OlLINESS,  ReMEDY- 

Bane. 

poul'-try.     Domestic  fowls.     Fauna-Flora. 

pounce'  up-on'.  Jump  upon.  Attack-Defense,  Ex- 
pectation-Surprise, Taking-Restitution. 

pound.  A  weight  of  16  ounces  avoirdupois,  or  12  troy; 
coin.  Enclosure,  Friability,  Heaviness-Light- 
ness, Measure,  Release-Prison, Value;  pound  to- 
gether, Mixture-Homogeneity. 

pound'-age.  Charge  made  for  shutting  up  stray  cattle 
in  a  pound.     Price-Discount. 

pounds,  shillings  and  pence.    English  money.    Money. 

pour.  To  throw  out  in  a  continuous  stream.  En\dugh, 
Entrance-Exit,  River- Wind;  it  never  rains  but  it 
pours,  Excess- Lack  ;  pour  a  broadside  into,  Attack- 
Defense;  pour  forth,  Admission-Expulsion, 
Speech-Inarticulateness,  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity ;  pour  forth  like  water,  Extravagance-Ava- 
rice; pour  in,  Concentration-Radiation,  Enough, 
Entrance-Exit;  pour  on,  Giving-Receiving;  pour 
out,  Admission-Expulsion,  Entrance-Exit,  Riv- 
er-Wind; pour  out  blood  like  water,  Life-Killing; 
pour  water  into  a  sieve,  Extravagance-Avarice. 
Provision-Waste;  pourwith  rain,  River-Wind.  > 

pourboire  [F.]  (pur"-bwar') .  Drink-money.  Giving- 
Receiving. 

pourparler  [F.]  (pur"-par"-le') .  A  consultation  pro 
liminary  to  a  treaty.  Advice,  Conversation- 
Monologue,  Council. 

pou  sto  [Gr.]  (pusto).  Where  I  may  stand.  Suspen- 
sion-Support. 

pout.  A  sullen  look.  Convexity-Concavity,  Favor- 
ite-Anger, Favorite-Moroseness.  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

pov'-er-ty.  Want.  Affluence-Penury,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Excess-Lack;  poverty  of 
intellect,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

pow'-der.  A  fine  dust;  composition  for  firing  guns. 
Completion-Noncompletion,  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement, Friability,  Greatness-Littleness; 
food  for  powder,  Belligerent;  gunpowder,  Weap- 
on; keep  one's  powder  dry,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation;  not  worth  powder,  Usefulness-Use- 
lessness;  powder  and  shot,  Weapon  ;  smell  powaer, 
Fighting-Conciliation;  waste  powder,  Provision- 
Waste. 

pow'-dered.     Reduced  to  a  powder.     Variegation. 

pow'-der-ing.  To  cover  the  body  with  powder.  Em- 
bellishment-Disfigurement. 

pow'-er.  Strength;  authority.  Force-Weakness, 
Loudness  -  Faintness,  Magnitude  -  Smallness, 
Might- Impotence,  Number,  Rule -License, 
Strength-Weakness;  do  all  in  one's  power,  Toil- 
Relaxation;  give  power,  Leave-Prohibition;  in 
the  power  of,  Liberty-Subjection,  Rule-License; 
literary  power,  Style;  power  of  attorney,  Commis- 
sion-Abrogation ;  power  of  money,  Money. 


POWERFUL. 


802 


PRECEDENCE— SUCCESSION. 


pow'-er-ful.  Strong.  Force-Weakness,  Loudness- 
Faintness,  Magnitude -Smallness,  Strength- 
Weakness;  powerful  voice,  Vocalization-Mute- 
ness. 

pow'-er-less.  Weak.  Dominance-Impotence,  Force- 
Weakness,  Might-Impotence,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation,  Strength-Weakness. 

pow'-ers  that  be.  Living  powers.  Chief-Under- 
ling. 

pox.     An  emotive  disease.     Health-Sickness. 

praam.  A  flat-bottomed  barge.  Conveyance-Ves- 
sel. 

prac'-ti-ca-ble.  That  may  be  done.  Possibility-Im- 
possibility. 

prac'-ti-cal.  Useful ;  capable  of  being  turned  out.  Agen- 
cy, Conduct;  practical  chemistry,  Chemistry;  prac- 
tical joke,  Regard- Disrespect,  Society  -  Deri- 
sion, Truthfulness-Fraud;  practical  knowledge, 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

prac'-ti-cal-ly.  In  a  practical  manner.  Subjective- 
ness-Objectiveness. 

prac'-tice.  Training;  conduct.  Conduct,  Education- 
Misteaching,  Gull-Deceiver,  Habit-Desuetude, 
Numbering;  in  practice,  Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  out  of  practice, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  put  in  practice,  Action-Pas- 
siveness,  Completion-Noncompletion,  Conduct, 
Use-Disuse. 

prac'-tise.  Train;  act.  Action-Passiveness,  Educa- 
tion-Misteaching,  Use-Disuse;  practise  at  the  bar, 
Advocate;  practise  on  one's  credulity,  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud; practise  upon,  Trial,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

prac'-tised.  Skilled.  Preparation-Nonpreparation, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  practised  eye,  Adept-Bun- 
gler; practised  hand,  Adept-Bungler. 

prac-ti'-tion-er.  One  engaged  in  a  profession.  Agent, 
Remedy-Bane. 

prae-cog'-ni-ta.  Things  previously  known.  Evidence- 
Counterevidence. 

prae-no'-men.    The  first  name.    Name-Misnomer. 

prae'-tor.  A  civil  governor  among  the  ancient  Romans. 
Judge. 

prag-mat'-ic  sanc'-tioa.  A  solemn  decree  issued  by  the 
head  of  a  state  on  weighty  matters.    Contract. 

prag-mat'-ic-al.  Self-important.  Conceit- Diffi- 
dence, Society-Affectation. 

pra'-hu.    A  vessel.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

prai'-rie.  An  open  plain.  Fauna-Flora,  Gulf- 
Plain. 

praise.  Commendation.  Approval-Disapproval,  De- 
votion-Idolatry, Thankfulness-Thanklessness. 

praised.    Approved  of.    Approval-Disapproval. 

praise'-wor"-thy.  Deserving  of  praise.  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Goodness-Badness,  Virtue-Vice. 


prance.  To  spring  about.  Agitation,  Traveling- 
Navigation. 
prank.  A  trick ;  to  adorn.  Determination-Vacilla- 
tion, Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 
prate.  Idle  talk.  Conversation-Monologue,  Talka- 
tiveness-Taciturnity. 

prat'-tle.  Childish  talk.  Speech-Inarticulateness, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

prav'-i-ty.    Depravity.    Virtue-Vice. 

prax'-is.  An  example  for  exercise.  Action-Passive- 
ness, Grammar-Solecism. 

Prax-it'-e-les.    A  celebrated  Greek  sculptor.    Artist. 

pray.  To  supplicate.  Devotion-Idolatry,  Petition- 
Expostulation. 

prayer.  A  petition.  Devotion-Idolatry,  Petition- 
Expostulation  ;  house  of  prayer,  Fane. 

prayer'-book".    Book  of  worship.    Ceremonial. 

prayer'-ful.    Devout.    Devotion-Idolatry. 

preach.  To  discourse  on  a  religious  subject.  Ceremo- 
nial, Education-Misteaching;  preach  to  the  winds, 
Usefulness-Uselessness  ;  preach  to  the  wise,  Edu- 
cation-Misteaching. 

preach'-er.  A  minister.  Instructor-Pupil,  Ministry- 
Laity. 

preach'-ing.  Public  religious  speaking.  Ceremo- 
nial. 

preach'-ment.    A  sermon.    Education-Misteaching. 

pre-ad'-am-ite.  Existing  before  Adam.  Infant- Vet- 
eran, Novelty-Antiquity. 

pre'-am"-ble.  An  introductory  writing.  Predecessor- 
Continuation. 

pre-ap"-pre-hen'-sion.  An  opinion  formed  before  ex- 
amination.   Decision-Misjudgment. 

preb'-end.  A  stipend  in  a  cathedral  church. 
Church. 

preb'-en-da-ry.  One  who  receives  a  stipend.  Ministry- 
Laity. 

preb'-en-da-ry-ship".  The  office  of  a  prebendary. 
Church. 

pre-ca'-ri-ous.  Uncertain;  dangerous.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Lastingness  -Transientness,  Security- 
Insecurity. 

pre-ca'-ri-ous-ness.  Insecurity.  Security-Insecurity. 

prec'-a-tc-ry.    Suppliant.    Petition-Expostulation. 

pre-cau'-tion.  Previous  care.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness, Design,  Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Se- 
curity-Insecurity. 

pre-cede'.     To  go  before.     Antecedence-Sequence, 
Leading-Following,  Precedence-Succession,  Su- 
premacy-Subordinacy. 

pre-ce'-dence.  Priority  in  time;  superior  rank  or  influ- 
ence. Antecedence-Sequence,  Leading-Follow- 
ing, Precedence-Succession,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 


PRECEDENCE— SUCCESSION. 


Antecedence.     A  going  before 

Antecedency.     The  state  of  going  before ;  priority. 

Anteposition.     A  placing  before. 

Anteriority.  State  of  being  anterior,  or  of  being  prior  in  time  or 
place.     See  Anteriority. 

Coming  before.     Arrival  sooner  than.     See  Verbs. 

Importance.     State  of  being  important :  consequence. 

Le  pas  [F.].     The  pass;  the  step;  the  precedence. 

Precedence.     The  act  of  going  before  in  order  cf  time. 

Precession.     A  moving  before      See  Leading. 

Precursor.     A  forerunner. 

Priority.  State  of  preceding  in  time,  rank,  etc.  See  Antece- 
dence. 

Superiority.  State  of  being  superior,  or  higher  in  rank,  position, 
authority,  etc.     See  Supremacy. 

Tne  lea-.      The  being  at  the  head  i   preceding. 


Coming  after.     A  following. 

Consecution.     Condition  of  being  consecutive  or  following  each  other 

in  regular  order. 
Continuation.     Unbroken  succession ;  carrying  on  without  a  break. 
Going  after.     A  following  in  the  rear.     See  Leading-Following. 
Order  of  succession.     Regularity  in  following. 
Posteriority.     State  or  condition  of  being  posterior,  or  of  coming  after 

one  another  in  order.     See  Antecedence-Sequence. 
Secondariness.     State  of  being  secondary,  or  of  following  in  oilier. 
Sequence.     The  condition  of  following ;  succession. 
Subordinacy.    State  of  being  subordinate,  or  of  being  placed  in  a  lower 

rank.     See  Supremacy-Subokdinacy 
Succession.     A  following  in  regular  order. 
Successiveness.     The  qualify  of  being  successive  or  following  in  an 

uninterrupted  order. 


PRECEDENCE. 


803 


PRECIPICE. 


PRECEDENCE— SUCCESSION— Continued. 


To  go  before  in  order  of  time. 


Precedence — Verbs. 
Come  before. 
Come  first. 
Have  precedence. 
Have  the  pas. 

Have  the  start.     To  start  earlier  than.     See  Leading. 
Head.     To  be  before. 

Introduce.     To  bring  into  presence  of  and  acquaint  with 
Lead.     To  move  ii.  front  of;  be  chief  or  a  superior. 
Lead  in  the  dance. "i 

Lead  in  the  way.     >To  begin  or  be  the  first. 
Open  the  ball.  ) 

Place  before.     To  be  at  the  head. 
Precede.     To  go  before ;  outrank. 
Preface.     To  introduce  by  preliminary  remarks. 
Prefix.     To  put  or  fix  on  before. 
Prelude.     To  introduce  with  a  prelude,  or  something  that  opens  or 

foretells  what  is  coining. 
Premise.     T      5ev  forth  beforehand  a  proposition  that  is  assumed 

true. 
Set  the  fashion.     To  be  the  first  to  use.     See  Dominance. 
Take  precedence.     To  assume  first  place  in  importance. 
Take  the  lead.     To  surpass;  be  superior;  be  in  advance. 
Dsher  in.     To  precede  as  an  usher,  one  who  conducts  another  to  a 

seat. 

Precedence — Adjectives. 
Above  mentioned.)  o  .,  ..        , ,    , 

Aforesaid.  /  Said  or  ™ntioned  before. 

Antecedent.     Prior  in  time,  rank,  etc. 
Anterior.     Toward  the  front. 

Before  mentioned.)  To"ard  the  ^fn™"*- 

£3ng'}^, before. 

Introductory.     Leading  up  to  something  more  important. 

Precedent.      Going  before ;  prior. 

Preceding.     Going  before.     See  Verbs. 

Precursive.l  ,.   .      .    ,  t 

Precursory.  J  Gorns  before  *"  a  forerunner. 

Prefatory.     Pertaining  to  a  preface ;  introductory. 

Preliminary.     Going  before  something  else ;  antecedent. 

Preluso    '  }  Characteristic  of  a  prelude ;  telling  beforehand. 

Preparatory.     Having  to  do  with  preparation;  preliminary. 

Prevenient.     Going  before:  preventing. 

Prior.     Precedingin  time,  rank,  etc.;  previous.     See  Antecedence. 


Succession — Verbs. 
Alternate.     To  succeed  by  turns ;  follow  by  turns. 
Append.     To  add  something  subordinate. 
Come  after. 1 
Come  next.  >  To  follow. 
Come  on.     J 

Ensue.     To  follow,  as  a  natural  consequence. 
Follow.     To  come  after  or  go  after  in  same  way  and  direction. 
Place  after.     To  place  toward  the  rear. 
Step  into  the  shoes  of.     To  succeed. 
Succeed.     To  follow  in  regular  order. 
Suffix.     To  add  as  a  suffix  or  something  subordinate. 

Succession — Adjectives. 

Consecutive.     Following  in  regular  order;  resulting  as  a  consequence 

See  Continuity. 
Consequent.     Following  as  a  natural  result. 
Latter.     Coming  or  happening  after  something  else 
Next.     Following  directly  after. 

Posterior.     Toward  the  rear.     See  Antecedence-Sequence. 
Proximate.     Lying  next  to;  nearest. 

Sequacious.     Inclined  to  follow;  logically  following  in  a  series. 
Sequent.     Following;  succeeding. 
Subsequent.     Coming  or  being  after  something  else. 
Succeeding.     Following  in  regular  order. 

Succession — Adverbs 
After.     Later  in  time. 

Behind.     Toward  the  rear.     See  Anteriority-Posteriority. 
Subsequently.     Coming  after  in  time. 

Succession — Phrase. 
El  sequentia  [L.J     And  the  things  following. 


PRECEDENCE— Adjectives— Cont'.nued 

Proemial.   Of  or  pertaining  to  a  proem  or  an  introductory  statement 
Said.     As  a  legal  term  meaning  aforesaid. 

Precedence — Adverbs. 
taadvince. J  Toward  the  front.     See  Leading. 

Precedence — Phrases. 
Prior  tempore ,  orior  jure  [L.].     First  in  time,  first  in  right. 
Seniores  priores  [L.].     Elders  first. 


prec'-e-dent.  Something  done  or  said  that  serves  as  an 
example.  Copy-Model,  Habit-Desuetude,  Litiga- 
tion, Precedence-Succession,  Uniformity-Mul- 
tiformity; follow  precedents,  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality. 

pre-ce'-ding.    Going  before.    Antecedence-Sequence. 

pre-cen'-tor.  Music-leader  in  a  church.  Manager, 
Ministry-Laity. 

pre'-cept.  An  order.  Leave-Prohibition,  Order, 
Precept. 

PRECEPT. 

Act.     A  public  determination  of  action ;  an  edict,  or  law. 

Canon.     A  law  or  rule  of  conduct. 

Charge.     An  injunction ;  an  instruction. 

Code.     A  compilation  of  laws  by  public  authority 

Corpus  juris  ( L.  ].     The  body  of  the  law. 

Direction.  The  act  of  directing  and  the  result  of  directing;  a  com- 
mand 

Form.     Established  way  of  proceeding. 

Golden  rule.  A  rule  of  conduct,  commanding  to  do  as  you  would  be 
done  by.    [Bible] 

Formula.     An  exact  rule  to  be  followed  with  care. 

Formulary.     A  book  of  precedents. 

Instruction.     Commands;  charges. 

Law.     A  rule  of  conduct. 

Lear  scripta  [L.].     The  written  law;  statute  law. 

Maxim.     A  brief  statement  of  a  practical  truth.     See  Adage. 

Order.  That  which  is  ordered ;  a  regulation ;  a  command.  See  Or- 
der. 

Precept.     Any  rule  of  conduct,  especially  moral  conduct. 

Prescript.     A  direction 

Prescription.     That  which  is  prescribed;  a  physician's  formula. 


ReciDe  '/  ^  Iormu-iaic  direction  for  making  something. 

Regulation.     A  rule  for  governing  certain  actions 

Rubric.     A  direction  in  a  prayer-book  -  any  rule  of  conduct. 

Rule.     Regular  course  in  any  procedure ;  an  enactment. 

Stage  directions.     Rules  for  the  guidance  of  players 

Statute.     A  legislative  enactment  sanctioned  according  to  full  forms 

of  law. 
Technicality.     That  which  is  peculiar  to  a  trade,  profession,  etc. 

pre-cep'-tor.   A  teacher.    Instructor-Pupil. 

pre-ces'-sion.  A  going  before.  Astronomy,  Leading- 
Following,  Precedence-Succession. 

prece.vel  pretio,  vel  [L.]  (pri'-si,  vel  pri'-shi-o,  vel). 
Either  with  prayer  or  with  price;  either  for  love  or 
money.  Costliness-Cheapness,    Multiplicity- 

Paucity. 

pre cieuse  ridicule  [F.]  (pre-si-uz'  ri-di-cul').  Romantic 
ladies.    Society-Affectation. 

pre'-cinct.  Environs;  boundary.  Boundary,  City- 
Country,  Environment-Interposition,  Exten- 
sion-District, Extension-Place 

pre'-cious.  Of  great  value  or  price.  Costliness-Cheap- 
ness, Goodness-Badness,  Love-Hate,  Magnitude- 
Smallness;  precious  metals,  Money;  precious  stone, 
Embellishment  -  Disfigurement,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness. 

prec'-i-pice.  A  steep  descent  of  land  or  rock.  Erect- 
ness-Flatness,  Parallelism-Inclination,  Rep- 
uge-Pitfall;  on  the  verge  of  a  precipice,  Securit'/- 
Insecurity. 


PRECIPITANCY. 


804 


PREDECESSOR— CONTINUATION. 


pre-cip'-i-tan-cy.  Headlong  hurry;  rashness.  Hurry- 
Leisure,  Recklessness-Caution. 

pre-cip'-i-tate.  To  throw  headlong;  hurry;  rash.  Clean- 
ness-Filthiness,  Earliness-Lateness,  Elevation- 
Depression,  Hurry-Leisure,  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion; precipitate  oneself,  Ascent-Descent. 

pre-cip'-i-tate-ly.     Rashly.     Hurry-Indolence. 

pre-cip"-i-ta'-tion.    Hurry.     Earliness-Lateness. 

pre-cip'-i-tous.  Very  steep.  Parallelism-Inclination 

pre-cip'-i-tous-ness.     Hastiness.     Hurry-Leisure. 

pre"-cis'.     A  summary.      Digest. 

pre-cise'.     Exact.     Truth-Error. 

pre-cise'-ly.     Exactly.      Assent-Dissent. 

pre-cise'-ness.    Exactness.   'Truth-Error. 

pre-ci'-sian.     A    formalist.     Godliness-Ungodliness. 

pre-ci'-sian-ism.  The  art  of  being  precise.  Godliness- 
Ungodliness,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Society- 
Affectation. 

pre-ci'-sion.     Accuracy.     Purity-Crudeness. 

pre-clude'.    Prevent.    Obstruction-Help. 

pre-co'-cious.  Immature;  rude.  Earliness-Late- 
ness, Politeness  -  Impoliteness,  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation,    Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

pre"-cog-ni'-tion.  Previous  knowledge.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Prevision. 


pre"-con-ceived'.  Conceived  beforehand.  Decision- 
Misjudgment. 

pre"-con-cep'-tion.  Previous  thought.  Decision-Mis- 
judgment. 

pre"-con-cert'.  To  plan  beforehand.  Design,  Pre- 
determination-Impulse. 

pre"-con-cer'-ta-tion.  Previous  preparation.  Prep- 
aration-Nonpreparation. 

pre-cur'-sive .    Anticipative.   Precedence-Succession. 

pre-cur'-sor.  A  forerunner.  Antecedence-Sequence, 
Leading  -  Following,  Precedence  -  Succession, 
Predecessor-Continuation. 

pre-cur'-so-ry.  Going  before.  Predecessor-Contin- 
uation. 

pre-da'-ceous.  Living  by  prey.  Taking-Restitution, 
Theft. 

pre'-dal.  Given  to  plundering,  taking  to  plunaering. 
Taking-Restitution,  Theft. 

pred-a-to'-ri-al.  Pillaging.  Taking  -  Restitution, 
Theft. 

pred'-a-to-ry.  Plundering.  Taking- Restitution,, 
Theft. 

pred-e-ces'-sor.  One  who  has  gone  before.  P-  «:de- 
cessor-Continuation. 


PREDECESSOR—CONTINUATION. 


sAvant-coureur  fF.].     A  forerunner. 

Bell-wether.     The  sheep  having  a  bell  and  leading»the  others. 

Forerunner.     One  who  goes  before;  an  announcer. 

Harbinger.     One  who  or  that  which  announces  something. 

Herald.  One  whose  business  was  to  bear  challenges,  etc.;  one  who 
announces. 

t»eader.      One  who  guides;  that  which  goes  first. 

Outrider.     A  servant  who  goes  in  advance  of  a  carriage 

Pioneer.  One  who  goes  first  into  a  country  for  exploration  or  settle- 
ment. 

Precursor.  One  who  or  that  which  goes  before  and  warns  of  the  ap- 
proach. 

Predecessor.     One  who  has  preceded  another. 

Prodrome.     A  forerunner. 

Prodromus.     A  prodrome. 

Vancourier.     One  sent  in  advance  of  an  army. 

Pr  e  de  c  e  s  so  r — Denotations . 

Antecedent.     That  which  goes  before  in  time. 

Avant  propos  [F.].     Introduction. 

Dawn.     Show  of  approaching  sunrise. 

Exordium.     The  introductory  part  of  a  discourse. 

Frontispiece.     An  ornamental  figure  fronting  the  first  page  of  a  book. 

Groundwork.  That  which  forms  the  foundation  or  support  of  any- 
thing. | 

Heading.     That  which  stands  at  the  head. 

Introduction.  That  part  of  a  book  or  discourse  which  introduces  or 
leads  the  way  to  the  main  subject. 

Omen.  An  occurrence  supposed  to  show  the  character  of  some  fu- 
ture event. 

Overture.  A  musical  composition,  designed  as  an  introduction  to  an 
opera,  etc. 

Preamble.  The  introductory  part  of  a  statute,  which  states  the  rea- 
sons and  intent  of  the  law. 

Precedent.  Something  done  that  may  serve  as  an  example  to  au- 
thorize a  subsequent  act  of  the  same  kind. 

Preface,     An  introduction  to  a  book. 

Prefigurement.  The  act  of  showing  or  announcing  by  antecedent 
types  and  similitudes. 

Prefix.  One  or  more  letters  or  syllables  joined  to  the  beginning  of  a 
word  to  modify  its  signification. 

Prelude.     An  introductory  performance. 

Premises.  Something  stated  or  assumed  as  the  basis  of  further  argu- 
ment. 

Preparation.     The  act  of  fitting  beforehand  for  a  particular  purpose 

f/0601*         f  A  preface  or  introduction. 
Proemium.) 

Prolegomena.     A  preliminary  remark  or  observation 

Prolepsis.     A  figure  by  which  objections  are  anticipated  or  orevented. 

Prologue.     The  preface  or  introduction  to  a  poem,  discourse,  or  play. 

Prolusion.     A  trial  before  the  principal  performance. 

Protasis.     The  introductory  or  subordinate  member  of  a  sentence. 

Symphony.     A  musical  prelude. 


Appendage.     An  addition  not  essential. 

Continuation.     A  carrying  on  without  a  break. 

Postscript.     An  addition  or  continuation  of  a  letter. 

Sequel.     That  which  follows  and  concludes. 

Sequela.     That  which  follows  in  condition  after  a  disease. 

Successor.     One  who  takes  the  place  which  another  has  left. 

Continuation — Denotations. 
Afterccurse.     Something  happening-  after  an  affair  is  supr  V-d  to 

have  ended. 
Aftergame.     A  subsequent  scheme  or  expedient. 
Afterpart.     A  part  or  portion  attached  to  the  rear. 
Afterpiece.     A  piece  performed  after  a  play. 
Afterthought.     Reflection  after  an  act. 
Appendix.     Any  literary  matter  added  to  a  book,  but  not  essep*"  tl  to 

its  completeness. 
Arriere  penste  fF.].     An  afterthought. 
Codicil.     A  clause  added  to  a  will. 
Colophon.     An  inscription  containing  the  place  and  date  of  pn     ica- 

tion,  printer's  name,  etc.,  formerly  placed  on  the  last  page    if  a 

book. 
Epilogue.     A  speech  or  short  poem  recited  after  a  piay. 
Heel-piece.     A  piece  of  armor  to  protect  the  heels. 
More  last  words.     Words  spoken  after  a  discourse  is  supposed  tc     »ve 

ended. 
Peroration.     The  concluding  part  of  an  oration. 
Queue.     A  tail-like  appendage  of  hair. 
Rear.     The  back  or  hindmost  part. 

Retinue.     A  body  of  retainers  who  follow  a  distinguished  person 
Second  thought.      Reflection  after  an  act. 
Suffix.     A  letter,  letters,  syllable,  or  syllables  added  to  the  en^     f  a 

word  to  modify  the  meaning. 
Suite.     A  company  of  attendants. 
Tag.     A  direction  card  or  label. 

Tail.     The  terminal  posterior  appendage  of  an  animal. 
Tail-piece.     A  piece  at  the  end. 
Trail.     A  track  left  by  man  or  beast. 
Train.     A  number  of  followers,  or  body  of  attendants. 


PREDECESSOR—  Continuea. 
Predecessor — Adjectives. 
Inaugural.     Pertaining  to  or  done  at  an  inauguration. 
Introductory.     Used  as  an  introduction ,  preliminary. 
Precedent.     Preceding.     See  Antecedence. 
Precursory.     Preceding  and  giving  warning. 
Prefatory.     Of  or  pertaining  to  a  preface. 
Preliminary.     Introductory. 
Preludious.      Pertaining  to  a  prelude. 

Prelusory. J  Characteristic  of  a  prelude. 
Prodromous       Precursory 
Proemial.      Pertaining  to  a  proem. 


PREDELIBERATION. 


805 


PREESTABLISH. 


pre'-de-lib"-er-a-"tion.  Previous  deliberation.  Prede- 
termination-Impulse, Prevision. 

pre-des"-ig-na'-tion.  A  word  used  at  the  beginning  of 
a  proposition  to  indicate  its  quantity.  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct. 

pre"-de-sign'-ed.  To  design  beforehand.  Predeter- 
mination-Impulse. 


pre-des'-ti-nate.    To  foreordain.     Divinity. 

pre-des"-ti-na'-tion.  The  unchangeable  purpose  of 
God.     Divinity,  Volition-Obligation. 

pre-des'-tine .  To  order  beforehand.  Occurrence* 
Destiny,  Volition-Obligation. 

pre'-de-ter'-mi-na-tion.  Previous  determination.  Pre- 
determination-Impulse, Volition-Obligation. 


PREDETERMINATION— IMPULSE. 


Foregone  conclusion.     A  conclusion  decided  beforehand. 

Intention.     A  settled  purpose  of  the  mind.     See  Purpose. 

Parti  pris  [F.].     Well-settled  determination. 

PredeHberation.     Deliberation  beforehand. 

Predetermination.     A  purpose  formed  beforehand. 

Premeditation.     A  thinking  over  beforehand. 

Project.     Something  that  is  designed  or  thrown  out  for  consideration. 

See  Plak. 
Propendency.     Careful  deliberation. 
Resolution.     Fixed  determination. 

Predetermination — Verbs. 
Preconcert.     To  arrange  beforehand. 
Predetermine.     To  settle  definitely  beforehand. 
Premeditate.     To  consider  well  in  the  mind. 
Preresolve.     To  determine  fixedly  beforehand. 
Resolve  beforehand.     To  make  up  one's  mind  in  advance. 

Predetermination — Adjectives. 
Advised.     Done  with  a  purpose;  counseled. 
Aforethought.     Premeditated. 

Calculated.     Ascertained  or  determined  by  a  process  of  thought. 
Cunning.     Having  craft  or  forethought. 
Designed.     Specifically  purposed  or  intended. 
Intended.     Settled  as  to  the  mind  upon  a  purpose,  designed.     See 

Purpose. 
Maturely  considered.     Well  and  carefully  considered. 
Predesigned.     Designed  beforehand. 

Premeditated.     Thought  over  well  beforehand.     See  Verbs. 
Prepense.     Considered  beforehand. 
Studied.     Closely  examined;  premeditated. 
Well-devised.  ~j 

Well-laid.  ^Determined  after  careful  consideration. 

Well-weighed.  J 

Predetermination — Adverbs,  etc. 
Advisedly.     Purposely.     See  Adjectives. 
All  things  considered.     After  careful  consideration. 
Deliberately.     With  one's  mind  made  up. 
In  cold  blood.     Deliberately,  and  without  sudden  passion. 
Intentionally.     Of  purpose.     See  Purpose. 
With  eyes  open.     Knowingly. 
With  premeditation.     After  thinking  and  consideration. 


IMPULSE — Adverbs — Continued  from  Column  2. 

On  the  spur  of  the  moment.  \  Without  previous  thought  or  prepa- 
On  the  spur  of  the  occasion./      ration. 

pre"-de-ter'-mine.  To  decide  beforehand.  Choice- 
Neutrality,  Design. 

pre'-di-al.  Consisting  of  land.  Domestication-Agri- 
culture, Ocean-Land,  Property. 

pre-dic'-a-ment.  State;  particular  condition.  Condi- 
tion-Situation, Division. 

pred'-i-cate.  What  is  affirmed  or  denied.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Ceremonial. 

pred"-i-ca'-tion.  An  assertion;  preaching.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Ceremonial. 

pred'-i-ca-to-ry.     Affirmative.     Assertion-Denial. 

pre-dict'.    To  foretell.    Prevision,  Prophecy, 

pre-dic'-tion.    A  prophecy.    Prophecy. 

pre-dict'-ive.     Foreboding.     Prophecy. 

pre"-di-lec'-tion.     Preference.    Affections,  Decision- 

MlSJUDGMENT,   DESIRE-DlSTASTE. 

pre"-dis-pose\  To  adapt  previously.  Motive-Caprice, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

pre"-dis-posed\  Adapted  previously.  Affections, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Readiness-Reluc- 
tance. 


Creature  of  impulse.     A  being  governed  by  passion. 
Flash.     A  sudden  burst  of  light,  a  short  momentary  state. 
Impromptu.     Anything  done  without  preparation. 
Improvisation.     Anything  devised  on  the  spur  of  the  moment. 
Improvisatore.     One  who  composes  and  sings  extemporaneously. 
Impulse.     The  act  of  impelling;     any  mental  activity  sudden  and 

momentary. 
Inspiration.     An  influence  which  stimulates  to  activity,  especially 

lofty  and  noble  activity. 
Spurt.     A  sudden  gushing  as  of  liquid ;  a  sudden  outbreak. 
Sudden  thought.     That  which  occurs  to  one  in  a  moment. 

Impulse — Verbs. 
Extemporize.     To  speak  without  premeditation  or  preparation. 
Flash  on  the  mind.     To  come  to  the  mind  with  suddenness  or  without 

effort. 
Improvise.     To  contrive  on  the  spur  of  the  moment. 
Say  what  comes  uppermost.     To  speak  without  premeditation. 

Impulse — A  djectives. 
Extemporaneous.     Spoken  without  preparation. 
Improvisate.     Unpremeditated. 
Improvisatory.     Pertaining  to  improvisation. 
Improvisi  [F.fl.     Improvised. 
Improvised.     Devised  on  the  spur  of  the  moment. 
Impulsive.     Having  the  power  to  move  with  an  impulse;  actuated  by 

impulse  and  not  thought. 
Indeliberate.     Done  without  thought  or  reflection. 
Instinctive.     Acting  without  the  assistance  or  direction  of  instruction 

or  experience ;  spontaneous.     See  Volition-Obligation. 
Natural.     Not  acquired;  given  by  nature. 
Spontaneous.     Done  without  special  determination  of  the  will.     See 

Volition. 
Unguarded.     Done  or  said  with  carelessness. 
Unguided.     Without  guides  or  restraints. 
Unmeditated.     Not  thought  over. 
Unpremeditated.     Not  thought  over  beforehand. 
Unprompted.     Not  excited  to  activity  or  exertion;    not  assisted  by 

another  in  the  action. 

Impulse — Adverbs,  etc. 
A  Vimproviste  [F.].     Unexpectedly. 

Ezte3!reOUSly'}Withoutpreviousstudyor,ne<litation- 
Impromptu.     Offhand. 

Ciffh     A     '  \  ^°*  PrePared  beforehand. 

{Continued on  Column  i.) 

pre-dis"-po-si'-tion.    Previous  propensity. 

pre-dom'-i-nance.   1  Prevalence.       Dominance  -  Impo- 

pre-dom'-i-nan-cy.  (      tence. 

pre-dom'-i-nant.  Prevalent.  Dominance -Impo- 
tence, Rule-License. 

pre-dom'-i-nate.  To  be  superior.  Dominance-Impo- 
tence, SUPREMACY-SUBORDINACY. 

pre-em'-i-nence.      Superiority.      Supremacy-Subordi- 

nacy. 
pre-em'-i-nent-ly.       Supremely.       Magnitude-Small- 

NESS,  SUPREMACY-SUBORDINACY. 

pre-em'-i-nent.  Surpassing  others.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit, SUPREMACY-SUBORDINACY. 

pre-emp'-tion.  Act  of  buying  before  others.  Buying- 
Sale. 

pre"-en-gage'.  To  engage  by  previous  contract.  Ear- 
liness-Lateness. 

pre"-en-gage'-ment.  Engagement  by  previous  con- 
tract.   Engagement-Release. 

pre"-es-tab'-lish.    To  establish  beforehand.     Design. 


i'REEXAMINE. 


806 


PREPARATION-NONPREPARATION. 


pre"-ex-am'-ine.  To  examine  beforehand.  Investi- 
gation-Answer. 

pre"-ex-ist' .  To  exist  previously.  Antecedence-Se- 
quence. 

pref'-ace.  An  introductory  speech  or  writing.  Prece- 
dence-Succession, Predecessor-Continuation. 

pre'-fect.  A  governor  Chief-Underling,  Liberty- 
Subjection,  President-Member. 

pre'-fec-ture.  The  office  of  a  prefect.  Rule-Li- 
cense. 

pre-fer'.  To  esteem  above  others.  Choice-Neutral- 
ity, Church,  Desire-Distaste;  prefer  a  claim,  Liti- 
gation; prefer  a  petition,  Petition-Expostulation. 

pref'-er-ence.     Predilection.     Choice-Neutrality. 

pref'-er-en'-tial.  Possessing  preference.  Choice-Neu- 
trality. 

pre-fer'-ment.  Advancement.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Church. 

pre-fig'-ure.      Foreshow.     Prophecy. 

pre-fig'-ure-ment.     Antecedent  representation.     Sign. 

pre-fix'.     To  place  before.     Precedence-Succession, 

PREDECESSOR-CoNTINUATrON. 

pre-gla'-cial.  Prior  to  the  glacial  period.  Novelty- 
Antiquity. 

preg'-na-ble.  Capable  of  being  taken.  Might-Impo- 
tence. 

preg'-nan-cy.     Gestation.     Fertility-Sterility. 

preg'-nant.  Fertile.  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Creation-Destruction,  Fertility-Sterility,  Oc- 
currence-Destiny, Prophecy,  Terseness-Pro- 
lixity; pregnant  with  meaning,  Meaning-Jargon. 

pre-hen'-sion .  The  act  of  grasping.  Taking-Resti- 
tution. 

pre"-his-tor'-ic.  Pertaining  to  the  ages  before  written 
history.     Novelty-Antiquity. 

pre"-in-struct' .    To  instruct  beforehand.     Education- 

MlSTEACHING. 

pre-judge'.      To    decide   beforehand.      Decision-Mis- 

JUDGMENT. 

pre-ju'-di-cate.    To  prejudge.   Decision-Misjudgment. 

prej'-u-dice.  Bias;  injury.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Decision-Misjudgment,  Good-Evil. 

prej'-u-diced.  Showing  prejudice.  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment. 

prej"-u-di'-cial.     Detrimental.     Goodness-Badness. 

prel'-a-cy.  The  system  of  government  by  prelates. 
Church. 

prel'-ate.     A  bishop.     Ministry-Laity. 

pre-lat'-i-cal.     Pertaining  to  a  prelate.    Church. 

pre-la'-tion.     Preference.    Choice-Neutrality. 

pre-lec'-tion.      A    public    lecture.      Education-Mis- 

TEACHING. 

pre-lec'-tor.  A  lecturer  in  a  university.  Instructor- 
Pupil. 

pre-lim'-i-na-ries.  Those  things  that  precede.  Pre- 
liminaries of  peace,  Fighting-Conciliation;  settle 
preliminaries,  Preparation -Non  pre  pa  ration. 

pre-lim'-i-na-ry.  That  precedes.  Precedence-Suc- 
cession, Predecessor-Continuation. 

pre'-lude.  An  overture.  Precedence-Succession, 
Predecessor  -  Continuation,  Preparation  -  Non- 
preparation. 


pre-lu'-sive.  Presaging.  Precedence-Succession. 
Predecessor-Continuation. 

pre-lu'-so-ry.  Presaging.  Precedence-Succession 
Predecessor-Continuation. 

pre"-ma-ture'.  Ripe  too  soon;  too  hasty.  Earli- 
ness-Lateness,  Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

pre-med'-i-tate.  To  meditate  beforehand.  Prede- 
termination-Impulse, Purpose-Luck. 

pre-med'-i-ta"-ted .  Deliberated    upon    beforehand. 

Predetermination-Impulse. 

pre-med"-i-ta'-tion.  Forethought.  Predetermina 
tion-Impulse. 

prem'-i-ces.     First-fruits.     Cause-Effect. 

pre'-mi-er.  First  minister  of  state.  Manager,  Rep- 
resentation. 

premier  pas  [F.]  (pre-mie'  pa).  The  first  step.  Be- 
ginning-End. 

pre'-mi-er-ship.  The  office  of  a  premier.  Manage- 
ment. 

pre-mise'.  Prefix;  announce.  Precedence-Succes- 
sion, Prophecy. 

prem'-i-ses.  Suppositions.  Antecedence-Sequence. 
Evidence -Counterevidence,  Extension-  Place. 
Predecessor- Continue  tion,  Ratiocination-  In- 
stinct. 

pre'-mi-um.  Reward.  Outlay-Income,  Recoj:- 
pense-Punition;  at  a  premium,  Costliness-Cheap- 
ness. 

pre-mon'-ish.     Forewarn.     Warning. 

pre-mon'-ish-ment.      Previous  warning.     Warning. 

pre"-mo-ni'-tion.  Forewarning.  Prophecy,  Warn- 
ing. 

pre-mon'-i-to-ry.  Giving  previous  admonition.  Propi:- 
ecy,  Warning. 

pre"-mon-stra'-tion.  Foreshowing.  Appearance-Dis- 
appearance, Manifestation-Latency,  Prophecy. 

pre"-mu-ni'-re.  The  offense  of  introducing  foreign 
authority  into  England.  Insubordination-Obe- 
dience, Recompense-Punition. 

prendre  la  balle  au  bond  [F.]  (prandr  la  bal  o  bon). 
To  take  the  ball  at  the  rebound.  Opportuneness- 
Unsuitableness. 

pre-no'-tion.  A  preconception.  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment, Prevision. 

pren-sa'-tion.  The  act  of  seizing  with  violence.  Tak- 
ing-Restitution. 

pren'-tice.     An  apprentice.     Instructor-Pupil. 

pren'-tice-ship.  Serving  as  an  apprentice.  Educa- 
tion-Learning. 

pre-oc'-cu-pan-cy.  Previous  possession.  Holding- 
Exemption. 

pre-oc"-cu-pa'-tion.  The  act  of  taking  possession  of 
beforehand.     Heed-Disregard. 

pre-op'-tion.  Right  of  first  choice.  Choice-Neu- 
trality. 

pre"-or-dain' .  To  ordain  beforehand.  Occurrence- 
Destiny,  Volition-Obligation. 

prep"-a-ra'-tion.  The  state  of  being  ready.  Educa- 
tion-Misteaching,  Melody-Dissonance,  Organ- 
ization-Disorganization, Predecessor-Continu- 
ation, Preparation-Nonpreparation;  in  course 
of  preparation,  Design. 


PREPARATION-NONPREPARATION. 


Adjustment.     Act  of  making  fit:   of  suiting  to  the  thing.     See  Har- 

monv 
Anticipation.     The  act  of  looking  forward  to  and  preparing  for.     See 

Prevision. 
Arrangement.     The  act  or  result  of  arranging;  preparation. 
Array.     Regular  arrangement,  as  for  battle. 
Brewing.     The  process  of  making  malt  liquors. 
Clearance.     The  act  of  clearing;  of  freeing  from  encumbrances. 
Concoction.     The  act  of  preparing  by  mixing  together. 
Cooking.     The  process  of  preparing  food  for  the  table. 


Abortion.     An  arrestment  of  development;  a  miscarriage. 
Absence  of  preparation.     Neglect  or  want  of  training. 
Crudity.     The  state  of  being  crude  or  of  being  unprepared. 
Disqualification.      State  of  being  disqualified;  of  being  unfit  for  a 

position. 
Immaturity.     Want  of  development. 
Improvidence.     Want  of  foresight  or  economy. 
Improvisation.     Art  of  speaking  extemporarily ;  extemporareously 

See  Predetermination-Impulse. 
Inconcoction.     Unrioeness;  immaturity. 


PREPARATION. 


807 


PREPARATION— NONPREPARATION. 


PREPARATION— NONPREPARATION— Comm/u^. 


Cultivation.     Working  of  ground  for  the  purpose  of  raising  crops. 

Digestion.     The  preparation  of  the  food  for  assimilation. 

Elaboration.  Developing  into  careful  work;  working  up  into  some- 
thing better. 

Equipment.  The  act  of  equipping;  the  state  of  preparing  for  any 
special  purpose. 

Evolution.     The  act  of  evolving;  of  developing  into  a  higher  state. 

Forecast.  A  foresight  of  conditions  and  preparation  for  them.  See 
Enterprise. 

Gestation.     The  act  of  bearing  in  the  womb. 

Hatching.     The  act  of  producing  young. 

Incubation.     Hatching  by  any  means. 

Inurement.     Act  of  hardening  up  for  difficulty.     See  Habit. 

Maturation.     The  process  of  ripening  or  coming  to  maturity. 

Maturity.     Full  development  of  body  or  mind. 

Mellowness.     Quality  of  being  ripe,  or  fully  developed. 

Plowing.     The  process  of  preparing  the  ground  for  tilling. 

Precaution.     Careful  forethought  or  preparation  for  any  emergency. 

Preconcertation.  The  act  of  determining  upon  by  previous  agree- 
ment. 

Predisposition.     The  act  of  previously  arranging. 

Preparation.     The  act  of  preparing;  readiness;  preliminary  work. 

Preparedness.     State  of  being  prepared. 

Providence.     Exercise  of  care  as  to  the  future. 

Providing.     Making  or  procuring  for  future  use.     See  Verbs. 

Provision.  A  making  ready  for  the  future;  measures  taken  before- 
hand. 

Readiness.     State  of  being  ready;  preparedness. 

Rehearsal.     A  preparatory  recital  or  performance. 

Ripeness.     Fully  developed. 

Ripening.     The  act  of  becoming  ripe.     See  Verbs. 

Semination.     The  act  of  sowing  or  spreading. 

Sitting.     A  brooding  on  eggs,  so  as  to  hatch  them. 

Sowing.     The  process  of  scattering  seed. 

Tilling.     The  process  of  putting  in  order  for  raising  crops. 

Training.  Systematic  instruction  or  preparation  for  an  end.  See 
Education. 

Tuning.     Putting  in  tune;  adjusting  to  a  purpose. 

Preparation — Denotations. 
Accouterment.     Equipment  or  trappings  of  a  soldier. 
Armament.     The  equipment  of  a  vessel  or  fortification. 
Cookery.     The  art  or  practise  of  cooking. 
Cradle.     A  rocking  bed  for  an  infant. 
Culinary  art.     The  art  of  cooking. 
Izehafaudage  [F.).     Scaffolding. 
First  stone.     Preparatory  work. 

Foundation.     A  structure  upon  which  anything  is  erected. 
Groundwork.     That  which  furnishes  a  foundation  or  support  for  any- 
thing. 
Novitiate.     A  period  of  probation. 
Outfit.     A  fitting  out  or  equipment. 

Scaffold.       \  A  platform  built  against  the  side  of  a  building  for  the 
Scaffolding. »      support  of  workmen.     See  Suspension-Support. 
Stepping-stone .     Anything  by  which  one  rises  or  advances. 
XJn  impromptu  fait  d  loisir  [F.%     A  premeditated  impromptu. 

Preparation — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Avant  coureur  [F.J.     A  forerunner. 

Avant  courier  [F.].     A  harbinger.  • 

Navvy.     One  employed  in  building  canals,  etc. 

Pavior.     One  who  paves. 

Pioneer.     One  who  enters  and  opens  up  a  country. 

Preparer.     One  who  makes.preparation. 

Sappers  and  miners.  Those  who  are  employed  in  digging  ditches  and 
rearing  fortifications. 

Trainer.  One  who  prepares  others  for  any  contest,  especially  a  phys- 
ical contest. 

Warming-pan.  A  large  pan  into  which  live  coals  are  put,  for  warm- 
ing beds. 

Preparation — Verbs. 

Accouter.     To  equip. 

Adjust.     To  make  fit.     See  Equality. 

Anneal.     To  heat  glass  or  metals  in  order  to  remove  brittleness  or  fix 

colors. 
Anticipate.     To  look  forward  to  and  prepare  for.     See  Prevision. 
Arm.     To  prepare  for  conflict. 
Array.     To  draw  up  in  battle  order. 
Attune.     To  harmonize. 
Betrim .     To  set  in  good  order. 
Breed.     To  cause  to  produce;  to  train. 
Brew .     To  make  malt  liquors. 


Inculture.     Want  of  preparation  or  culture. 
Non-preparation.     Neglect  or  want  of  preparation. 
Rawness.     Quality  or  state  of  being  raw.     See  Adjectives, 
Want  of  preparation.     Neglect  or  want  of  training. 

Nonpreparation — Denotations. 

Germ.     The  earliest  stage  of  an  organism. 

Nature.     The  existing  universe. 

Neglect.     Omission  to  do  something  that  should  be  done.     See  Car» 

fulness-Neglect. 
Raw  material.     Material  in  a  natural  state.     See  Materials. 
Rough  copy.     An  unfinished  or  approximate  copy.     See  Design. 
State  of  nature.     Rude  and  unworked  condition. 
Unweeded  garden.  A  place  unprepared  for  cultivation.  [Shakespeare 

Hamlet,  I,  ii,  135] 
Virgin  soil.     Uncultivated  soil. 

Nonpreparation — Verbs. 

Be  unprepared.     Not  ready.     See  Adjectives. 

Dismantle.     To  deprive  of  equipments,  etc.     See  Usefulness-Uss 

lessness. 
Extemporize.     To  make  an  unprepared  speech. 
Improvise.     To  do  or  speak  offhand. 
Lack  preparation.     To  be  without  training. 
Lie  fallow.     To  be  uncultivated. 

Live  from  hand  to  mouth.     To  live  without  regard  to  the  future. 
S'embarquer  sans  biscuits  [F.fl.     To  go  on  board  a  s'-ip  without  bi* 

cuits. 
Undress.     To  divest  of  covering.     See  Dress-Undress. 
Want  preparation.     To  lack  training. 

Nonpreparation — Adjectives, 
Abortive.     Wanting  full  development. 

Caught  napping.     Unprepared.     See  Expectation-Surprise. 
Coarse.     Composed  of  rough  parts;  unrefined. 
Crude.     Not  having  reached  full  development. 
Dismantled.     Stripped  of  equipment.     See  Verbs. 
Disqualified.     Not  having  the  necessary  qualifications. 
Embryonic.     Pertaining  to  the  embryo,  undeveloped. 
En  deshabille  [F.L     In  undress. 
Fallow.     Uncultivated. 
Green.     Unripe;  immature. 

Happy-go-lucky.     Improvident;  confiding  in  luck. 
Ill-digested.     Badly  digested. 
Immature.     Not  full  grown. 

Improvident.     Not  preparing  for  the  future;  reckless. 
In  a  state  of  nature.     Not  prepared  by  artificial  means. 
Incomplete.     Not  fully  developed.     See  Entirety-Deficiency. 
Indigested.     Not  digested;  crude. 
In  dishabille.     In  undress. 
In  the  rough.     Unworked. 
Natural.     Not  artificial. 
Out  of  gear.  j  N     guited  for  worlcing. 
Out  of  order.  * 

Precocious.     Premature  development. 
Premature.     Ripening  or  happening  before  the  proper  or  norm.) 

time. 
Raw.     Not  prepared  by  cooking;  unprepared. 

Rough.     Lacking  finish  or  completeness. 

Rough  cast.     Cast  without  attention  to  detail. 

Rough  hewn .     Roughly  shapen. 

Rudimental.     As  yet  undeveloped. 

Shiftless.     Incapable  of  providing  for  oneself ;  thriftless. 

Thoughtless.     Without  thought;  manifesting  no  preparation. 

Unarranged.     Not  placed  in  order. 

Unbegun.     Not  started. 

Unblown.     Not  blown. 

Unboiled.     Not  boiled. 

Uncultivated .     Unprepared  for  planting. 

Unconcocted.     Unmixed. 

Uncooked.     Not  prepared  for  eating. 

Undigested.     Not  properly  acted  upon  by  the  digestive  organ* 

Undressed.     Not  covered;  not  trimmed. 

UndriUed.     Not  trained. 

Uneducated.     Without  bringing  up;  without  education. 

Unequipped.     Not  fitted  with  equipment. 

Unexercised.     Not  trained. 

Unfashioned.     Not  shaped. 

Unfitted.     Not  adjusted  to. 

Unfledged.     Not  provided  with  feathers. 

Unformed.     Without  shape. 

Unfurnished.     Without  furniture. 


PREPARATION. 


808 


PREPARATION— NONPREPARATION. 


PREPARATION— NONPREPARATION— On/inK**. 


PREPARATION— Verbs— Continued. 
Co«k.     To  prepare  food  for  eating. 
Dress.     To  put  in  order;  to  adorn. 
Elaborate.     To  produce  by  carefulness  and  labor. 
Equip.     To  fit  for'service. 
Fettle.     To  put  in  order. 
Fledge.     To  provide  with  feathers. 
Forearm.     To  prepare  beforehand. 
Forecast.     To  calculate  beforehand.     See  Design. 
Furnish.     To  supply  with  what  is  necessary. 
Garnish.     To  decorate. 
Hatch.     To  produce  young  from  eggs. 
Infumate.     To  cure  by  drying  in  smoke. 
Inure.     To  harden.     See  Habit. 
Mature.     To  ripen. 
Mellow.     To  bring  to  perfection. 

Nurture.     To  nurse  or  train.     See  Obstruction-Hblp. 
Pack,     To  arrange  in  order. 
Predispose.     To  arrange  beforehand. 
Prime.     To  put  in  a  state  of  readiness. 
Provide.     To  supply  with  necessaries. 
Refurbish.     To  polish. 

Rehearse.     To  repeat  for  experiment  or  preparation. 
Rig.     To  furnish  with  what  is  needed  for  the  occasion. 
Ripen.     To  make  ripe. 

Rough-hew.     To  shape  roughly.     [Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  V,  ii.] 
Season.     To  render  suitable  for  use. 
Set.     To  place  in  order. 

Temper.     To  bring  to  proper  condition  by  heating. 
Train.     To  cause  to  exercise.     See  Education. 

Preparation — Verbal  Expressions. 

B«at  up  for  recruits ;  be  prepared ;  be  ready  (see  A  djectives)  ;  block  out ; 
bring  into  maturity ;  brush  up;  buckle  on  one's  armor;  cleardecks; 
clear  for  action ;  close  one's  ranks ;  cultivate  the  soil ;  cut  out  work; 
dig  a  mine;  dig  the  foundation ;  dress  the  ground ;  dress  up;  erect 
the  scaffolding ;  feather  one's  nest;  fit  out;  fit  up;  fix  the  basis;  fix 
the  foundation ;  fix  the  groundwork;  furbish  up;  get  into  harness; 
get  ready;  get  the  steam  up;  get  up;  guard  against;  hammer  out; 
have  a  rod  in  pickle;  hold  oneself  in  readiness;  keep  one's  powder 
dry;  keep  on  foot;  lay  a  train;  lay  in  provisions;  lay  oneself  out  for; 
lay  the  basis;  lay  the  foundation ;  lay  the  groundwork ;  lay  the  first 
stone  (see  Form);  lie  in  wait  for  (see  Expectation);  lick  into 
shape  (see  Form);  make  all  snug ;  make  investments ;  make  prepa- 
ration; make  provisions  for ;  make  ready;  make  sure;  make  sure 
against;  obstare  principiis  [L.fl,  to  withstand  the  first  beginnings; 
open  the  door  to  (see  Difficulty-Facility);  plow  the  ground; 
prepare  /or;  prepare  for  the  evil  day ;  prepare  oneself ;  prepare  the 
ground;  prime  and  load;  provide  against ;  provide  against  a  rainy 
day;  put  a  groove  in ;  put  in  gear;  put  in  harness ;  put  in  order  (see 
Beginning);  put  in  train;  put  in  tune;  put  in  working  order;  put  the 
horses  to;  reculer  pour  mieux  sauter  [F.],  to  look  before  one  leaps; 
screw  up;  serve  an  apprenticeship  (see  Education-Learning);  set 
in  order;  set  one's  house  in  order;  settle  preliminaries;  sharpen 
one's  tools;  shoulder  arms;  shuffle  the  cards;  sound  the  note  of 
preparation;  sow  the  seed;  take  measures ;  take  precaution ;  take 
steps;  till  the  soil;  trim  one's  sails;  vamp  up;  veniente  occurrere 
tnorbo  [L.],  to  meet  the  coming  sickness;  whet  the  knife;  whet  the 
sword;  wind  up. 

Preparation — Adjectives. 
Afloat.     In  a  floating  condition;  moving. 
Afoot.     Able  to  walk. 
Armed  at  all  points.     Fully  prepared. 

iSS  S&Eu..} Armed  f™ head  to  foot- 

At  harness.     Prepared  for  action. 

At  one's  post.     Ready. 

Booted  and  spurred.     Ready  for  riding. 

Brewing.     Making  of  ale  or  beer. 

Brooding.     Sitting  on  eggs  to  hatch  them. 

Cut  and  dried .     Prepared  beforehand . 

Elaborate.     Highly  and  thoroughly  finished. 

Forthcoming.     Ready  to  appear. 

Handy.     Ready  at  hand. 

Hatching.     Producing. 

Highly  wrought.     Well  finished. 

In  agitation.     Excited. 

In  arms.     Prepared  for  war. 

In  battle  array.     Ready  for  battle. 

In  best  bib  and  tucker.     In  best  attire. 

Inchoate.     In  an  imperfect  state. 


NONPREPARATION— Adjectives— Continued. 
Unguarded.     Open;  not  protected. 

Unhatched.     Not  yet  produced ;  not  having  chipped  the  shell. 
Unhewn.     Not  cut. 
Unlabored.     Not  worked  upon. 
Unleavened.     Without  leaven. 
Unlicked .     Not  licked  into  shape. 
Unmellowed.     Unripe. 
Unnurtured.     Not  nourished  up. 
Unorganized.     Not  arranged  in  order. 
Unpolished.     Rough. 

Unpremeditated.     Thoughtless.     See   Predetermination-Impulsr, 
Unprepared.     Not  ready.     See  Preparation. 
Unprovided.     Without  supplies. 
Unqualified.     Not  fitted  for. 
Unready.     Not  prepared. 
Unripe.     Green. 
Unseasoned.     Not  suited  to. 
Unsown.     Without  seed. 
Untaught.     Ignorant;  unlearned. 
Untilled.     Not  prepared  for  planting. 
Untrained.     Lacking  exercise. 

Untrimmed.     Without  ornament;  unpruned;  shaggy. 
Untutored.     Untaught. 
Unwrought.     Not  worked . 
Without  preparation.     Not  ready.     See  Preparation. 

Nonpreparation — Adverb. 

Extempore.     Without   preparation.        See   Predetermination-Im- 
pulsb. 


'  Training. 


PREPARATION—  Adjectives— Continued. 

In  course  of  preparation.     Unfinished. 

In  embryo.     In  progress  of  growth. 

In  full  feather.     Fully  developed. 

In  gear.     In  working  order. 

In  hand.     In  progress. 

In  harness.     At  work. 

In  practise. 

In  preparation  J 

In  readiness.     Prepared. 

In  reserve.     Prepared  for  action. 

In  saddle.     Ready  for  riding. 

In  store  for.     Ready  for  use. 

In  training.     Exercising. 

In  utrumque  paratus  [L.].     Prepared  on  all  sides. 

In  war-paint.     Ready  for  fighting. 

In  working  gear.     Ready  for  work. 

In  working  order.     Prepared  for  work. 

Labored.     Earnestly  engaged  in  some  labor,  thoroughly  preptrW. 

Made  to  one's  hand.     Ready  for  use. 

Mature.     Completely  developed. 

Mellow.     Ripened. 

On  foot.     In  progress. 

On  the  alert.     Watchful.     See  Carefulness. 

On  the  anvil.  *| 

On  the  stocks.  >  In  course  of  construction  or  discussion. 

On  the  table.    ) 

Practised.     Trained.     See  Skill. 

Precautionary.     Having  prudent  forethought. 

Preliminary,     Preparatory;  antecedent. 

Preparatory'. }  Serv!ng  to  make  ready" 

Prepared.     Ready.     See  Precedence. 

Preparing.     Making  ready. 

Provident.     Exercising  foresight. 

Provisional.     Provided  for  a  present  service. 

Ready.     Prepared  for  use  or  action. 

Ready-made.     Fit  to  be  used. 

Ready  to  one's  hand.     Ready  for  use. 

Ripe.     Grown  to  maturity. 

Semper  paratus  [L.J.     Always  prepared. 

Smelling  of  the  lamp.     Laboriously  prepared,  like  the  orations  oT 

Demosthenes. 

Snug.     Fitting  tight  but  comfortable. 

Sword  in  hand.     Prepared  for  battle. 

Under  consideration.)  T  .   .    __         ..  _ 

T,    .  .  .  f  In  mental  preparation. 

Under  revision.  > 

Up  in  arms.     Ready  to  fight. 

Worked  up.     Excited. 


PREPARATION. 


809 


PRESENCE— ABSENCE, 


Against.     In  opposition  to. 
For.     In  favor  of. 


PREPARATION— Continued. 

Preparation — Adverbs,  elc. 

In  anticipation  of. 
In  preparation  of. 


With  confident  expectation. 
Making  ready. 


A  bove  majori  discit  arare  minor  (L.|.  From  the  older  ox  the 
younger  learns  to  plow. 

pre-par'-a-to-ry.       Preceding.       Precedence-Succes- 
sion. 
pre-pare'.      To    make   ready.      Design,    Education- 

MlSTEACHING. 

pre-par'-er.     One  who  prepares.      Preparation-Non- 

PREPARATION. 

pre-pared".  Ready.  Preparation-Nonpreparation, 
Skill-Unskilfulness. 

pre-par'-ing.  Making  ready.  Occurrence-Destiny, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

pre-pense'.  Predetermination.  Predetermination- 
Impulse,  Purpose-Luck,  Volition-Obligation; 
malice  prepense,  Charitableness-Malevolence. 

pre-pol'-lence.  Superior  in  power.  Might-Impo- 
tence. 

prepon,  to  [Gr.]  (prep'-on,  to).  The  fit;  the  be- 
coming.     Duty-Dereliction,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

pre-pon'-der-ance.  Superiority.  Dominance-Impo- 
tence, Rule-License,  Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

prep"-o-si'-tion.  The  part  of  speech  that  denotes  the 
relation  of  an  object  to  an  action  or  thing.  Parti- 
cle. 

pre"-pos-sess'.  To  preoccupy.  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment. 

pre"-pos-sessed'.     Biased.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

pre"-pos-sess'-ing.  Attractive.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

pre"-pos-ses'-sion.  Bias;  preoccupation.  Decision- 
Misjudgment,  Holding-Exemption. 

pre-pos'-ter-ous.  Absurd.  Adage-Nonsense,  Due- 
ness-Undueness,  Gull-Hyperbole,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

pre-po'-ten-cy.     Predominance.     Might-Impotence. 

Pre'-raf"-ia-el-ite.  Before  the  methods  of  Raffael. 
Future-Past,  Novelty-Antiquity, 

Pre-raf '-fa-el-i"-tism.     A  style  of  art.     Future-Past. 


Preparation — Phrases. 

St  vts  pacem.  para  bcllum  [L.]. 


If  you  wish  peace,  prepare  for  war. 


pre"-re-quire'.     To  require  beforehand.     Need. 

pre-req'-ui-site.     A  necessary  condition.     Need. 

pre"-re-solve'.  To  resolve  beforehand.  Prede-. 
termination-Impulse. 

pre-rog'-a-tive.  Peculiar  privilege.  Dueness-Un- 
dueness,  Rule-License. 

pre-sage'.     To  foreshow.     Portent,  Prophecy. 

pres-by-o'-pi-a.  A  defect  of  vision  in  old  age.  Sight- 
Dimsightedness. 

pres"-by-op'-ic.  Dimsighted  from  age.  Sight-Dim- 
sightedness. 

pres'-by-ter.     A  priest;  an  elder.     Ministry-Laity. 

Pres"-by-te'-ri-an.  A  Church  denomination.  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

pres'-by-ter"-y.  A  body  of  pastors  and  ruling  elders. 
Church,  Ministry-Laity. 

pre'-science.     Foreknowledge.     Prevision. 

pre'-scient.     Foreknowing.     Prevision. 

pre'-scious.     Foreknowing.     Prophecy. 

pre-scribe'.  Direct.  Advice,  Dueness-Undueness, 
Duty-Dereliction,  Manager,  Order. 

pre-scribed'.     Directed.     Dueness-Undueness. 

pre'-script.     A  direction.     Order,  Precept. 

pre-scrip'-tion.  A  medical  direction  of  remedies. 
Habit-Desuetude,  Novelty-Antiquity,  Order, 
Precept,  Remedy-Bane. 

pre-scrip'-tive.  Arising  from  prescription.  Dueness- 
Undueness,  Habit -Desuetude,  Novelty -An- 
tiquity. 

pres'-ence.  Being  present.  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Presence-Ab- 
sence; in  the  presence  of,  Remoteness-Nearness; 
presence  of  God,  Heaven-Hell;  presence  of  mind, 
Excitability-Inexcitability,  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion; real  presence,  Ceremonial;  saving  one's 
presence,  Regard-Disrespect. 


PRESENCE— ABSENCE. 


Attendance.     The  act  of  being  present,  or  of  watching  over. 
Diffusion.     The   act   of  spreading  abroad ,  state   of  being  present 

everywhere      See  Gathering-Scattering. 
Occupancy,      The  state  of  being  in  possession  of,  or  of  being  present. 
Occupation.     That  which  requires  one's  presence  and  takes  one's 

attention. 
Omnipresence.     Everywhere  present  at  the  same  time. 
Permeation.     The    act   or  state   of    permeating,  or  of  spreading 

through. 
Pervasion.     The  act  or  state  of  spreading  through  every  part. 
Presence.     The  state  of  being  present;  the  opposite  of  absence 

the  state  of  being  near. 
Ubiety.     The  state  of  being  in  a  place. 
Ubiquitariness.     State  of  being  everywhere. 
Ubiquity.     Existence  in  all  places  at  the  same  time. 
Whereness.     The  quality  of  having  a  place. 

Presence — Denotation. 
Bystander      One  who  stands  by  or  is  passively  present.     See  On- 
looker. 

Presence — Verbs. 

Abide.     To  stay  in  a  place;  continue. 

Assister  [F  J.     To  attend. 

Attend.     To  be  present ,  accompany. 

Be  diffused  through.  1„   .  . .      ,, .. 

Be  disseminated  through./  To  ta  spread  m  a" ,ts  parts' 

Be  present.     Being  in  a  place  referred  to.     See  Adjectives. 

Dwell       To  continue  for  a  long  time  in  a  place. 

Exist  in  space-     To  have  actual  existence. 


Absence.     The  state  of  being  absent ;  the  being  away. 

Absenteeism.  The  practise  of  being  absent  from  one's  accustomed 
place. 

Emptiness.  A  being  empty,  lack  or  absence  of  something.  See  Ad- 
jectives. 

Exemption.     Freedom  from  penalties,  etc. 

Inexistence.     Absence  of  existence      See  Entity-Nonentity. 

Non-attendance.     Want  of  attendance. 

Non-residence.     The  state  of  being  a  non-resident. 

Vacancy.     Condition  of  being  void  or  unoccupied. 

Vacuity      The  state  of  being  a  vacuum. 

Absence — Denotations. 

Absentee.     One  who  is  absent. 

Ante  qui  vive  [F.]      Not  a  living  soul. 

Alibi.     A  form  of  defense  by  which  the  accused  undertakes  to  show 

that  he  was  elsewhere  when  the  crime  was  committed. 
Hiatus.     A  break  or  vacancy,  as  in  a  manuscript  or  connected  series. 

2°^y-  „„}  No  person. 

Nobody  on  earth  J 

Nobody  present.     Absence  of  people. 

Not  a  soul.     Not  a  person. 

Tabula  rasa  [L.].     An  erased  tablet. 

Truant.     One  who  absents  himself  from  the  place  of  duty. 

Vacuum,  j  A  spacg  entirely  Aevoi,i  0f  matter. 

Absence — Verbs. 
Absent  oneself.     To  keep  away  from . 
Be  absent.     Being  away.     See  Adjectives 


PRESENCE. 


810 


PRESENTLY. 


PRESENCE— XBSEKC&— Continued. 


PRtebcNCE—  Verbs— Continued. 

Fall  in  the  way.     To  meet  with ;  be  present  along  with. 
Fill.     To  occupy  entirely. 
Find  oneself.     To  be. 
Frequent.     To  be  present  often. 

Haunt.     To  visit  frequently;  be  present  much  in  the  mind. 
Inhabit.     To  live  or  dwell  in  a  place. 
Lie.     To  continue  in  a  place ;  be  situated. 
Line.     To  mark  the  situation  of. 
Lodge.     To  live  temporarily  in  a  place. 
I  Look  on.     To  be  a  spectator;  be  present. 
Make  one  at.l  —    ,  ,  , 

Make  one  of.  J"  one  °  a  number  or  company. 

Meet  one  at  every  turn.     To  b^  present  everywhere. 
Nestle.     To  place  in  a  nest :  fondle. 

Occupy.     To  employ  one's  a'.tention ;  have  possession  ot. 
Occur  in  a  place.     To  be  in  a  particular  place. 
Overspread.     To  spread  ovw ;  scatter  over 
Overrun.     To  run  over;  be  present  in  all  places. 
People.     To  give  inhabitants  to. 
Perch.     To  put  on  an  elevated  support. 
Permeate.     To  spread  all  through. 
Pervade.     To  go  through  in  all  directions. 
Present  oneself.     To  come  into  the  presence  of  a  person. 
Remain.     To  continue  in  one  p.ace. 
Reside.     To  be  in  one  place  for  a  considerable  time 
Resort  to.     To  visit,  frequent. 
Revisit.     To  visit  again. 
Roost.     To  sit  upon,  as  a  roost. 

Run  through.     To  be  in  a  place  for  a  very  short  time. 
Show  one's  face.     To  be  present. 
Sojourn.     To  stay  for  a  period  in  one  place. 
Stand.     To  be  fixed  in  a  certain  place. 
Stay.     To  continue  to  be  in  a  .^pec'fied  place. 
Take    up    one's    abode.     To    make    one's    permanent    home. 

Establishment. 
Tenant.     To  hold  as  a  tenant. 

Presence — Adjectives. 
Domiciled.     Provided  with  a  home. 
Full  of  people.     Well  populated. 
Inhabiting.     Dwelling.     See  Verbs. 
Inhabited.     Occupied  by  people. 
Moored.     Fastened.     See  Establishment. 
Occupying.     Holding. 

Omnipresent.     Present  in  all  places  at  the  same  time. 
Peopled.     Having  people. 
Populous      Full  of  people. 
Present.     Being  in  a  place  referred  to. 
Resiant.     Resident. 
Resident.     Having  an  abode. 
Residentiary.      Having  a  residence. 

Ubiquitous  J  Ubi<luit°»s;  everywhere  present. 
Presence — Adverbs,  etc. 
Abroad.     Far  and  wide 
Afield.     In  or  to  the  field. 
At  home.     At  one's  own  abode. 
Before.     Face  to  face  with 
Everywhere.     In  all  places. 
Here.     In  this  place. 

Here,  there,  and  everywhere.     Everywhere.     See  Extension. 
In  presence  of.     Face  to  face. 


See 


ABSENCE— Verbs— Continued. 

Go  away.     To  depart  from.     See  Arrival-Departure. 

Keep  away.     Remain  absent. 

Keep  out  of  the  way. 

Make  oneself  scarce.     To  run  away 

Pla>  truant.     Play  the  runaway. 

Stay  away.     Keep  at  a  distance. 

Vacate.     To  make  vacant;  leave. 

Withdraw.     To  draw  back;  retire. 

Absence — Adjectives. 
Absent.)  Not  present  to. 
Away.  ) 

Desert.     Uninhabited. 
Deserted.     Left;  abandoned. 
Devoid.     Not  in  possession  of. 
Empty.     Without  contents;  not  filled. 

Exempt  from.     Free  from ;  released  as  from  an  obligation  or  duty. 
Gone  from  home.     Away  from  one's  usual  place. 
Inexistent.     Having  no  existence.     See  Entity-Nonentity 
Lost.     Gone  from  the  presence  or  possession  of. 
Missing.     Absent  from  proper  place;  lost. 
Omitted.     Left  out;  not  included. 
Non-resident.     Not  residing  in. 
Not  having.     Without. 
Not  present.     Absent. 
Nowhere  to  be  found.     Lost. 
Tenantless.     Without  a  tenant ;  unoccupied. 
Unhabitable      |         suitable  for  abode 
Uninhabitable.) 
Uninhabited.     Without  dwellers. 

Snt0enaUntd:}Nottaken"pOTOCCUpied- 
Vacant.    >  „ 
Vacuous  J  Erapty- 
Void.     Devoid  of  matter. 
Wanting.     Without. 

Absence — Adverbs,  etc. 
Behind  one's  back.     Secretly;  out  of  sight. 
Elsewhere.     In  another  place. 
In  default  of.     Owing  to  lack  of. 
Minus.     Wanting. 
Neither  here  nor  there.)  T  i 

Nowhere.  }  In  no  place 

Sans  [P.].     Without. 
Without.     Wanting 

Absence — Phrases 
Aux  absents  les  os  [F.].     The  bones  for  the  absent  ones. 
Briller  par  son  absence  [F.].     To  be  conspicuous  by  one's  absence 
Non  est  inventus  [L.].      He  has  not  been  found. 
The  bird  has  flown. 


PRESENCE—  Adverbs— Continued. 


In  propria  persona  [L.].     In  person. 

In  the  face  of.     Before. 

On  board.     On  a  vessel. 

On  the  spot.     In  a  particular  place. 

There.     In  that  place. 

Under  the  eyes  of.)  T    ..  e 

Under  the  nose  of./  In  *he  presence  of" 

Where.     In  what  place. 


pres'-ence-cham"-ber.  The  room  in  which  a  high 
dignitary  or  ruler  receives  assemblies.  Contents- 
Receiver. 

pres'-ent.  Taking  place  or  existing  at  the  time  of  the 
thought;  being  in  view.  Presence-Absence, 
Time;  at  present,  Time;  present  time,  Eternity- 
Instantaneity,  Time;  present  to  the  mind,  Heed- 
Disregard,  Remembrance-Forgetpulness;  these 
presents,  Missive-Publication,  Writing-Printing. 

pre-sent'.  Bestow;  point  or  aim;  offer  as  a  candidate. 
Church,  Giving-Receiving,  Proffer-Refusal; 
present  a  bold  front,  Bravery-Cowardice;  present 
a  front,  Reprisal-Resistance;  present  arms, 
Politeness -Impoliteness,  Regard-  Disrespect; 
present  itself,  Occurrence-Destiny,   Reflection- 


Vacancy,  Visibility-Invisibility;    present  oneself. 
Politeness-  Impoliteness,      Presence- Absence. 
Proffer-Refusal;    present  to  the  view,  Appear- 
ance-Disappearance. 
pre-sent'-a-ble.        In   suitable   condition.        Society- 

LUDICROUSNESS. 

pres"-en-ta'-tion.  Act  of  bestowing;  introduction. 
Church,  Giving-Receiving,  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness, Proffer-Refusal,  Solemnization. 

pre-sen'-ti-ment.  Foreboding;  prophetic  apprehen- 
sion of  something  future.  Decision-Misjudgment, 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Prevision,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct. 

pres'-ent-ly.  After  a  little  time.  Earliness-Lat*- 
ness. 


PRESENTMENT. 


811 


PRESSURE. 


<pre-sent'-ment .  Report  made  by  a  grand  jury.  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Giving-Receiving,  Litiga- 
tion. 

pres"-er-va'-tion.  Conservation.  Conservation, 
Divinity,  Mutation- Permanence,  Security -In- 
security. 

pre-serv'-a-tive.  Tending  to  preserve.  Conserva- 
tion, Security-Insecurity. 

pre-serv'-a-to-ry.  A  means  of  preserving.  Conserva- 
tion. 

pre-serve'.  Save  from  decay;  cooked  fruit.  Store, 
Sweetness- Acidity. 

pre-served'.     Kept  intact.     Conservation. 


pre-serv'-er.  One  who  or  that  which  preserves.  Deity, 
Preparation  -  Nonpreparation,  Security  -  Inse- 
curity. 

pre-serv'-ing.    Saving.    Conservation. 

pre-show'.    Show  beforehand.    Prophecy. 

pre-side'.  Act  as  head.  President-Member;  preside 
at  the  board,  Management;  preside  over,  Rule-Li- 
cense. 

pres'-i-den-cy.    Office  of  president.    Rule-License. 

pres'-i-dent.  One  chosen  by  election  to  preside  over  an 
organized  body.  Chief-Underling,  Manager,  Pres- 
ident-Member; president  pro  tern.,  President-Mem- 
ber. 


PRESIDENT— MEMBER. 


Archon.     The  chief  magistrate  in  ancient  Athens. 

Burgess.     Magistrate  of  a  borough. 

Burgomaster.     Chief  magistrate  of  a  municipal  town  in  Holland. 

Chair.     The  office  of  a  magistrate,  or  presiding  officer. 

Chairman.     Presiding  officer  of  any  organized  body. 

Chancellor.     The  presiding  officer  of  a  chancery  court. 

Chief.     The  head  or  leader  of  any  body  of  men. 

Chief  justice.     The  presiding  judge  of  a  court. 

Consul.     One  of  the  two  chief  magistrates  of  the  Roman  republic. 

Governor.     A  chief  ruler  or  magistrate. 

Grand  master.     The  presiding  officer  of  an  organized  body. 

Headmaster.     The  presiding  officer  of  a  school. 

Judge.     Presiding  officer  of  a  court. 

Magistrate.      A  person  clothed  with  directing  power. 

Manager.     A  director  or  conductor  of  persons  or  business. 

Master.     The  director  of  a  number  of  persons. 

Mayor,     Chief  officer  of  a  city. 

Moderator.     An  officer  who  presides  over  an  assembly. 

Prefect.     A  superintendent  of  a  department  of  police. 

President.     A  presiding  officer,  as  of  a  legislative  body. 

President  pro  tem       Presiding  officer  in  the  absence  of  the  president. 

Principal.     A  leader  or  head  who  has  controlling  influence. 

Provost.  A  person  who  is  appointed  to  superintend  or  preside  over 
something. 

Regent.     One  of  a  governing  board. 

Sachem,     A  chief  of  a  tribe  of  American  Indians. 

Sagamore.     A  sachem. 

Speaker,  One  who  presides  over,  or  speaks  for  a  deliberative  assem- 
bly 

Superintendent.     One  who  has  the  charge  or  direction  of  affairs. 

Teacher.     One  who  has  charge  of  a  school. 

Temporary  chairman.  One  who  acts  or  presides  in  the  absence  of 
a  chairman. 

Tribune.  An  officer  who  presided  over  the  meetings  of  the  Roman 
plebeians 

Vice- president.  An  officer  who  presides  during  the  president's 
absence. 

President — Verbs. 

Act  as  president.     To  preside  over  an  organized  body. 
Adjourn.     To  put  off  to  another  day. 
Call  to  order.     To  request  to  come  to  order. 
Control.     To  keep  order 

Direct.     To  guide  the  business  of  an  assembly. 
■Govern.     To  direct  or  control  the  actions  of  an  organized  body. 
Have  the  chair.     To  be  the  presiding  officer. 
Manage.     To  have  the  direction  of. 
Moderate       To  preside  over  or  regulate. 

Preside       To  occupy  the  place  of  president,  chairman,  or  moderator. 
Rule.      To  control  the  will  and  actions  of. 
Take  the  chair.     To  become  the  presiding  officer. 


Alderman.     One  of  a  board  of  municipal  officers 

Assemblyman,      A  member  of  an  assembly. 

Club.     An  association  of  persons  for  the  pursuit  of  some  common 

object. 
Committee.     One  or  more  persons  of  an  organized  body,  to  whom 

any  matter  of  business  is  referred. 
Committee  of  the  whole.     A  committee  embracing  all  the  members 

of  a  deliberative  assembly 
Commoner.     A  member  of  the  House  of  Commons. 
Congressman^     A  member  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  S'.ates 

especially  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
Constituent.     A  person  who    is  a  member  of  a  body  of  organized 

men,  and  is  represented  by  a  public  officer. 
Councilman.     A  member  of  a  council 

Delegate.     One  sent  to  a  legislative  body  to  represent  others. 
Deliberative  assembly.     An  assembly  that  meets  for  the  transaction 

of  business,  especially  legislative  affairs. 
Deputy.     One  empowered  to  act  for  another  in   the  business  of  an 

assembly 
Member.     One  of  the  persons  composing  a  society  or  assembly. 
Proxy      A  person  who  is  deputed  to  act  or  vote  for  another. 
Representative.    A  member  of  the  branch  of  the  United  States  Con- 
gress directly  representing  the  people. 
Seat.     The  privilege  of  the  members  of  an  assembly. 
Senator.     A  member  of  the  branch  of   the  United  States  Congress 

elected  by  the  legislatures  of  the  States. 
Standing  committee       In  legislative  bodies,  a  committee  appointed 

for  the  consideration  of  all  subjects  of  a  particular  class. 
Subcommittee.     A  part  or  division  of  a  committee. 
Subordinate.     A  member. 

Member — Associated  Nouns. 

Amendment.     A  change  made  in  a  law,  bill,  or  motion. 

Commitment.     The  referring  of  a  bill  to  a  committee. 

Debate.     Argument  for  and  against 

Division.     A  voting  of  a  legislative  body. 

Motion.     A  formal  proposition  made  in  a  deliberative  body. 

Order.     Rule  of  business 

Point  of  order.     A  question  of  procedure  under  parliamentary  rules. 

Privileged  question.     A  question  affecting  the  rights  of  a  legislative 

body,  or  the  rights  or  conduct  of  its  individual  members. 
Quorum.     Such  a  number  of  peisons  in  a  deliberative  body  as  is 

necessary  to  transact  business. 
Reconsideration.     The  restoration  of  a  matter  on  which  a  vote  has 

been  taken  to  parliamentary  action 
Resolution.     A    statement,    or   formal    expression    proposed    to    a 

deliberating  body 
Secret  session.     A  session  of  a  deliberating  body  whose  proceedings 

are  secret 
Vote.      A  formal  expression  of  will  or  opinion  in  regard  to  a  question 

submitted. 


.press.  Plead  pertinaciously;  compel;  dense  throng;  a 
machine  for  printing  ;  the  newspapers  of  a  country. 
Coercion,  Connective,  Contents-Receiver,  Gath- 
ering-Scattering, Heaviness-Lightness,  Missive- 
Publication,  Motive-Caprice,  Petition-Expostu- 
lation, Proffer- Refusal,  Publicity,  Writing- 
Printing;  go  to  press,  Writing-Printing;  press  in, 
Inject;on-Etection;  press  into  the  service,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Use-Disuse  ;  press  of  business,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Occupation  ;  press  on,  Advance- 
Retrogression,  Hurry-Leisure,  Period-Prog- 
.ress,  Quest-Evasion;   press  one  hard,  Attack-De- 


fense ;  under  press  of,  Coercion  ;  writer  for  the  press, 
Missive-Publication,  Writing-Printing. 

pressed.  Constrained;  placed  in  an  exigency.  Hard 
pressed,  Difficulty-Facility,  Hurry-Leisure,  Ob- 
struction-Help; pressed  for  time,  Hurry-Lei- 
sure. 

press'-gang" .    An  impress-gang.    Judicature. 

press'-ing.  Urgent.  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Need. 

pres'-sure.  Urgency;  stress.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Dominance-Impotence,  Heaviness-Light- 
ness,    Might-Impotence,     Welfare-Misfortune; 


PRESSURE. 


812 


PRESUMPTION— OBSEQUIOUSNESS. 


center  of  pressure,  Center;  high  pressure.  Excita- 
tion, Vigor-Inertia. 

Pres'ter  John.  A  fabulous  Christian  monarch. 
Fancy. 

pres"-ti-dig"-i-ta'-tion.  The  practise  of  sleight  of  hand. 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

pres//-ti-dig/-i-ta"-tor.   Juggler.    Gull-Deceiver. 

pres'-tige.  Authority  based  on  past  achievements,  as- 
cendancy based  on  recognition  of  power.  Decision- 
Misjudgment,  Desire-Distaste,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit,  Rule-License. 

pres-tig"-i-a'-tion.  Legerdemain.  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

pres-tig'-i-a-to-ry.    Delusive.    Truthfulness-Fraud. 

pres-tig'-i-ous.    Deceptive.    Truthfulness-Fraud. 

prestissimo  [It.]  (p res- 1 is' -si -mo) .  In  very  quick  time. 
Music. 


pres'-to.  In  quick  time.  Eternitv-Instantaneity;. 
Music 

pre-stric'-tion.   Defect  of  sight.    Sight-Blindness. 

pre-su'-ma-ble.  Fair  to  suppose.  Likelihood-Un- 
likelihood. 

pre-sume'.  Suppose;  take  as  likely;  behave  arrogantly. 
Decision-Misjudgment,  Faith-Misgiving,  Hypoth- 
esis, Sanguineness-Hopelessness,  Security-In- 
security, Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

pre-sump'-tion.  Blind  confidence;  judgment  on  prob- 
able grounds;  an  argument  carrying  weight;  effron- 
tery. Decision-Misjudgment,  Dueness-Undue- 
ness,  Faith-Misgiving,  Hypothesis,  Likelihood- 
Unlikelihood,  Overvaluation-Undervaluation,. 
Presumption  -  Obsequiousness,  Recklessness- 
Caution,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness,  Selfre- 
spect-Humbleness. 


PRESUMPTION— OBSEQUIOUSNESS. 


Airs.     An  affected  manner. 

Arrogance.     The  state  of  being  unduly  proud  and  haughty. 

Assumption.     The  state  of  taking  too  much  upcn  oneself. 

Assumption  of  infallibility.  The  act  of  assuming  the  pretense  of 
being  able  to  make  no  mistakes. 

Assurance.     Entire  confidence  in  oneself. 

Audacity.     Boldness. 

Bluster.     Insolent  and  noisy  talk.  • 

Bounce.     An  insolent  lie. 

Brass.     Insolent  assurance. 

Dicacity.     Pertness. 

Domineering,  etc.  The  quality  of  ordering  others  about  in  an  inso- 
lent manner.     See  Verbs. 

Effrontery.     Shameless  insolence. 

Face.     Undue  assurance. 

Face  of  brass.     Unblushing  and  insolent  assurance. 

Flippancy.     Insolent  frivolity. 

Front,     Bold  or  brazen  assurance. 

Hardened  front.     Insolent  and  callous  assurance. 

Hardihood.     Audacious  boldness. 

Haughtiness,  etc.  Disdainful  and  overbearing  pride.  See  Adjec- 
tives. 

Impertinence.     The  state  of  being  insolently  presumptuous. 

Impudence.     The  state  of  being  insolently  bold. 

Insolence.  The  state  of  being  haughty  and  contemptuous  towards 
others. 

Overbearance.     The  state  of  being  arrogant  and  domineering. 

Pertness.     Vivid,  keen,  but  undignified  sprightli"^is. 

Petulance.     Capricious  insolence. 

Presumption.     Insolent  self-assertion. 

Procacity.     Shameless  boldness. 

Sauciness,  etc.     Impertinent  boldness.     See  Adjectives. 

Shame lessness,  etc.  The  state  of  being  insensible  to  disgrace.  See 
Adjectives. 

Swagger.     An  insolent  carriage. 

Swaggering,  etc.     Insolent  conduct  in  public.     See  Verbs. 

Terrorism.     The  act  of  overwhelming  with  fear. 

Tyranny.  Absolute  power  administered  in  an  insolent  and  unjust 
manner.     See  Harshness. 

Usurpation.  The  act  of  assuming  in  an  insolent  and  arrogant  man- 
ner. 

Presumption — Denotations. 

Saucebox,  etc.     A  saucy  person.     See  Brawler. 

Tag-tail.     A  hanger-on 

Presumption — Verbs. 

Act  the  grand  seigneur.  To  act  in  an  imperious  and  overbearing 
manner. 

Arrogate.     To  claim  proudly  and  without  reason. 

Assume.     To  take  upon  oneself. 

Assume  a  lofty  bearing.     To  act  in  a  supercilious  manner. 

Beard.     To  defy  in  an  insolent  manner;  to  take  by  the  beard. 

Bear  down.     To  treat  tyrannically. 

Beat  down.  To  suppress  in  a  high-handed  and  overweening  man- 
ner. 

Be  insolent,  etc.     To  be  saucy  or  impertinent.     See  Adjectives. 

Bluster.     To  talk  boisterously. 

Brazen  out.     To  act  in  a  shameless  manner. 

Browbeat.     To  intimidate  by  blustering. 

Bully.     To  intimidate  by  insolence  and  overbearing. 

Carry  with  a  high  hand.     To  act  overbearingly. 


Abasement.     The  act  of  bringing  low. 

Fawning,  etc.     The  act  of  seeking  favor  by  cringing.     See  Verbs. 

Flunkyism.     Servile  imitation. 

Genuflection,  etc.  The  act  of  bending  the  knee,  especially  in  wor- 
ship.    See  Devotion. 

Humility,  etc.  The  quality  of  being  modest  in  regard  to  one's- 
own  worth.     See  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

Obsequiousness,  etc.  The  state  of  being  meanly  condescending- 
See  Adjectives. 

Prosternation.     The  state  of  being  cast  down. 

Prostration.     The  act  of  bowing  in  humility. 

Servility.     The  state  of  abject  submission. 

Slavery*  etc.  Entire  subjection  to  another  person's  will.  See  Lib- 
erty-Subjection. 

Subserviency.     The  state  of  serving  in  a  subordinate  position. 

Sycophancy,  etc.     Servile  flattery.     See  Adulation. 

Time-serving.     Obsequious  compliance  with  the  ruling  powers. 

Tuft-hunting.  Courting  persons  of  wealth  or  influence  in  a  servile 
manner. 

Obsequiousness — Denotations. 

Ame  damnie  [F.].     One  who  does  another's  dirty  work. 

Carpet  knight.     A  stay-at-home  soldier. 

Cavalier  servant  [F.J     A  gallant  acting  the  slave  to  his  mistress. 

Courtier.     One  who  seeks  to  gain  favors  by  flattery. 

Doer  of  the  dirty  work.     One  who  does  low,  base  work  for  another. 

Flatterer,  etc.  One  who  flatters,  with  the  hope  of  gaining  favor.  See- 
Adulation. 

Flunky.     A  servile  imitator  or  flatterer. 

Fortune-hunter.     One  who  seeks  to  marry  a  fortune. 

Gra-culw;  esuriens  [L.J     The  hungry  Greekling. 

Hanger-on.  One  who  attaches  himself  to  a  person  or  place  without 
being  engaged. 

Lap-dog.     A  person  seeking  to  be  fondled  like  a  lap-dog. 

Led-captain.     A  person  under  the  influence  or  control  of  another. 

Lick-spittle.     A  cringing  or  fawning  person . 

Parasite.  An  obsequious  flatterer  who  lives  lazily  at  another's  ex- 
pense. 

Pick-thank.    One  who  seeks  the  favor  of  others  by  officious  attentions.. 

Reptile.     A  groveling,  abject  person. 

Sir  Pertinai  Macsycophant.  A  pertinacious  old  sycophant,  in* 
Macklin's  Man  of  the  World. 

Slave.  A  person  in  subjection  to  another,  like  the  Slavs  to  theGer 
mans. 

Smell-feast.     A  person  who  looks  for  and  frequents  good  tables. 

Snob.     A  person  who  vulgarly  affects  gentility. 

Spaniel.     One  who  follows  a  person  like  a  dog. 

Sycophant.     A  cringing,  servile  flatterer. 

Time-server.  One  who  serves  or  adapts  himself  to  the  time  in  which, 
he  lives. 

Toad.     Figuratively,  any  person  regarded  as  an  object  of  scorn. 

Toad-eater.     A  fawning  parasite. 

Toady.     A  fawning,  servile  person. 

Tuft-hunter.  One  who  courts  persons  of  wealth  or  influence  i.n  a  ser- 
vile manner. 

Vicar  of  Bray.  A  vicar  of  the  village  of  Bray,  England,  who  repeat- 
edly changed  his  religion  with  the  changes  of  government:  hence,, 
a  political  and  religious  trimmer. 

Obsequiousness — Verbs. 

Avaler  les  couleuvres  [F.\     To  put  up  with  mortification*. 

Bend  the  knee.     To  show  humble  submission. 


PRESUMPTION. 


813 


PRESUMPTION— OBSEQUIOUSNESS. 


PRESUMPTION— OBSEQUIOUSNESS— Continued. 
PRESUMPTION—  Verbs— Continued.  OBSEQUIOUSNESS— Verbs— Continued. 


Dictate.     To  order  in  an  imperious  manner.  * 

Domineer.     To  rule  insolently. 

Dragoon.     To  intimidate  in  an  insolent  manner. 

Exact.     To  force  to  pay. 

Fly  in  the  face  of.     To  defy  boldly. 

<Jive  an  inch  and  take  an  ell.     To  assume  a  great  deal  for  oneself. 

Give  oneself  airs.     To  act  in  an  affected  and  arrogant  manner 

Hector.     To  domineer  over  in  a  bullying  manner,  like  Hector  in  the 

Early  English,  rather  than  in  Homer. 
Huff.     To  offend. 
Intimidate.     To  inspire  with  fear. 

Kick  up  a  dust.     To  talk  in  a  boisterous  and  bullying  manner. 
Lay  down  the  law.     To  dictate. 
Look  big.     To  assume  an  arrogant  appearance. 
Lord  it  over.     To  domineer. 

£££?;}  to  ua»ti»ijb«t* 

Mount  the  high  horse.     To  act  in  an  imperious  manner. 

Outbrave.     To  surpass  in  overbearing. 

Outbrazen.     To  overcome  with  impudence. 

Outface.     To  put  out  of  countenance  with  bold  looks. 

■Outlook.     To  browbeat. 

■Outstare.     To  overcome  with  effrontery  in  looking. 

Presume.     To  act  with  assurance  beyond  all  proper  limits. 

Put  on  big  looks.     To  look  affected. 

Put  to  the  blush.     To  act  so  as  to  make  others  blush. 

Rap  out  oaths.     To  be  profane  in  an  insolent  manner. 

Regarder  de  haut  en  bos  [F.].     To  regard  contemptuously. 

Ride  roughshod  over.  To  pursue  a  selfish  course  regardless  of  con- 
sequences to  others. 

Ride  the  high  horse.     To  act  imperiously. 

Roister.     To  act  in  a  blustering  manner. 

Snap  one's  fingers.     To  treat  with  contempt. 

Snub.     To  slight  in  a  contemptuous  manner. 

Swagger.     To  conduct  oneself  in  a  boisterous  manner. 

Swear,  etc.  To  express  oneself  in  profane  and  insolent  manner. 
See  Assertion 

Swell.    To  expand  with  pride  or  wrath. 

Take  a  liberty.     To  neglect  the  laws  of  c  jurtesy. 

Talk  big.     To  bluster. 

Teach  one's  grandmother  to  suck  eggs.  To  show  presumption 
towards  people  of  more  experience. 

Tempt  Providence.     To  act  with  great  hardihood. 

Toss  the  head.     To  express  contempt. 

Tratter  de  haut  en  bas  [F.].     To  treat  with  contempt. 

Trample  down.     To  treat  with  contempt  and  pride. 

Trample  under  foot.     To  treat  with  scorn,  pride,  and  contempt. 

Tread  down  }  To  despise. 

Tread  under  foot.) 

Vapor.     To  talk  arrogantly  and  with  little  meaning. 

Want  snuffing.     To  be  so  arrogant  as  to  need  to  be  put  down. 

Presumption — Adjectives. 

Arbitrary.     Having  no  control  to  limit  one's  own  selfish  desire. 

Arrogant.     Claiming  for  oneself  proudly  and  without  reason. 

Assuming.     Taking  upon  oneself  without  due  cause. 

Audacious.     Displaying  defiant  boldness. 

Aweless.     Lacking  reverential  fear. 

Barefaced.     Shameless. 

Bluff.     Rough  but  kind  in  speech. 

Blustering.     Talking  boisterously. 

Boldfaced.     Impudent. 

Brazen.     Of  hardened  impudence. 

Brazen-faced.     Excessively  bold. 

Bumptious.     Self -conceited. 

■Cavalier.     Slighting. 

Contumelious.     Expressing  scornful  insolence. 

Dead  to  shame.     Having  lost  all  sense  of  shame  from  long  association 

with  evil. 
Devil-may-care.     Reckless. 

Dictatorial.     Given  to  speaking  in  an  overbearing  manner. 
Domineering.     Ruling  insolently. 
Fire-eating.     Always  desirous  to  fight. 
Flippant.     Frivolously  insolent. 
Forward.     Too  eager  to  display  oneself. 
Free  and  easy.     Acting  under  no  restraint. 
""Full  of  sound  and  fury."     Ferocious  and  boastful.     "Told  by  an 

idiot,  signifying  nothing."     [Shakespeare,  Macbeth,  V,  v.] 
Haughty.     Disdainful  and  overbearingly  proud. 
Hectoring.     Domineering  over,  as  a  bully.    See  Verbs. 
High  and  mighty.     Great  and  powerful  in  one's  own  opinion. 


Bow.     To  bend  the  body  as  a  mark  of  reverence. 

Cower.     To  shrink  from  fear. 

Crawl.     To  act  in  a  servile  manner. 

Cringe.     To  bow  with  base  humility. 

Crouch.     To  act  in  a  slavish  manner. 

Dance  attendance  on.     To  be  obsequiously  helpful. 

Do  the  dirty  work  of.     To  do  one's  low,  disagreeable  work. 

Fall  on  one's  knees.     To  make  a  request  in  a  servile  manner. 

Fatten  on.     To  be  a  parasite  of. 

Fawn.     To  seek  favor  by  cringing. 

Feed  on.     To  be  a  parasite  of. 

Fetch  and  carry.     To  do  as  another  commands. 

Go  with  the  stream.     To  follow  the  majority. 

Grovel.     To  act  in  an  abject  and  mean  manner. 

Hang  on  the  sleeve  of.     To  fawn  on  continually. 

Hold  with  the  hare  and  hounds.     To  take  the  most  popular  count  of 

action. 
Keep  time  to.     To  curry  favor  by  being  helpful. 
Kiss  the  hem  of  one's  garment.     To  show  the  deepest  humility  and 

respect  for  a  person. 
Kneel.     To  bend  the  knee  as  a  sign  of  humility. 
Lick  the  feet  of.     To  curry  favor  by  extreme  servility. 
Pay  court  to.     To  try  to  gain  the  favor  of  by  flattery. 
Pin  oneself  upon.     To  pay  close  attention  to  a  person  in  order  to  win 

favor. 
Prostrate  oneself.     To  lie  down  upon  the  ground  in  humility. 
Sneak.     To  act  with  servility. 
Stoop.     To  submit  in  a  servile  manner. 
Truckle  to.     To  yield  in  an  obsequious  manner. 
Worship,  etc.   To  honor  with  extreme  submission.     See  Devotion. 
Worship  the  rising  sun.     To  bestow  one's  attentions  upon  a  person 

beginning  to  succeed. 

Obsequiousness — Adjectives. 
Abject.     In  a  servile  condition. 

Base.     Low  and  untrustworthy  in  conduct  towards  others. 
Beggarly.     Miserably  mean. 
Cringing.     Acting  with  base  humility. 
Crouching.     See  Verbs. 

Down  on  one's  marrow-bones.     In  an  abject  condition. 
Fawning.     Seeking  favor  by  cringing. 
Groveling.     Acting  in  an  abject  and  mean  condition. 
Mealy-mouthed.     Speaking  in  a  deferential  and  insincere  manner 
Mean.     Of  an  ignoble  and  hateful  disposition . 
Obsequious.     Meanly  condescending. 
Oily.     Deceitfully  polite  in  speech  and  manners. 
Parasitical.     Gaining  a  living  by  fawning  upon  a  person. 
Pliant.     Easily  influenced. 
Prostrate.     Showing  extreme  humility. 
Servile.     Wanting  independence. 
Slavish.     Like  a  slave. 
Sneaking.     Acting  with  servility. 

Sniveling.     Affecting  tender  emotions  in  a  hypocritical  manner. 
Soapy.     Flattering. 

Supple.     Compliant  to  the  humors  of  others. 
Supple  as  a  glove.     Glove  fitting. 
Sycophantic.     Fawning  and  cringing. 

Obsequiousness — Adverbs. 


PRESUMPTION— Adjectives— Continued. 

High-flown.     Excessively  proud. 

High-handed.     Using  violence  to  oppress. 

Imperious.     Commanding  in  an  insolent  manner. 

Impertinent.     Insolently  presumptuous. 

Impudent.     Insolently  bold. 

Insolent.     Haughty  and  contemptuous  towards  others. 

Intolerant.     Not  enduring  a  difference  of  opinion. 

Janty.    I  Marked  by  an  affected  ease  of  manners. 

Jaunty.J 

Lost  to  shame.     Having  no  sense  of  shame 

Magisterial.     Showing  authority  in  an  overbearing  manner 

Malapert.     Bold  and  insolent. 

Overbearing.     Arrogant  and  domineering. 

Overweening.     Marked  by  presumptuous  pride. 

Pert.     Insolently  forward,  malapert,  sprightly. 

Precocious.     Too  forward  in  displaying  one's  accomplishments. 

Presumptuous.     Insolently  self -asserting. 


PRESUMPTION. 


S14 


PRETTY. 


PRESUMPTION—  Adjectives— Continued. 


Roiste"ng.     Acting  in  a  blustering  manner. 
Rolli  cuing.     Acting  in  a  careless,  swaggering  manner. 
Saucy-     Impertinently  bold,  so  as  to  give  a  sauce  to  his  good  wit. 
Shameless.     Insensible  to  shame. 

Supercilious.     Disdainful  because  of  haughty  pride;  raising  the  eye- 
brows. 
Swaggering.     Acting  insolently  in  public. 


Thrasonic.     Marked  by  insolent  boasting,  like  Thraso,  a  braggart; 

soldier  in  Terence's  Eunuch. 
Unabashed.      Not  confused  by  shame. 
Unblushing.     Having  an  insolent  countenance. 
Vaporing.     Boasting  vainly. 
Would  be.     Pretending  to  be  what  one  is  not. 


Ex  cathedra  [L.].     With  high  authority. 


Presumption — Adverbs,  etc. 

With  a  high  hand. 
Presumption — Phrases. 


In  an  arbitrary  and  overweening  manner. 


Homme  de  cour  [F  ]      Courtier. 
One's  bark  being  worse  than  one's  bite. 


Making  idle  threats. 


pre-sump'-tive.  Probable.  Dueness-Undueness,  Hy- 
pothesis, Likelihood-Unlikelihood;  heir  pre- 
sumptive, Holder,  Parentage-Progeny;  presump- 
tive evidence,  Evidence-Counterevidence,  Like- 
lihood-Unlikelihood. 

pre-sump'-tu-ous.  Insolent.  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness. 

pre"- sup-pose'.     Imply  as  a  necessary  condition.     De- 

CISiON-MlSJUDGMENT,  HYPOTHESIS. 

pre"-dur-mise'.  Surmise  previously  formed.  Hypothe- 
sis, Prevision. 

pre-tend'.  Simulate;  allege  untruly.  Assertion-De- 
nial, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

pre-tend'-ed.    Simulated.    Truthfulness-Fraud. 

pre-tend'-er.  Hypocrite;  one  who  puts  forth  a  false 
claim.  Bragging,  Dueness-Undueness,  Gull-De- 
ceiver 

pre-tend'-ing.  Simulating.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

pre-tense'.  Excuse;  affectation;  act  of  simulation. 
Bragging,  Pomp,  Pretext,  Truthfulness-Fabri- 
cation, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

pre-ten'-sion.  Claim  as  to  right,  dignity,  possession; 
affectation.  Affectation,  Dueness-Undueness, 
Simplicity-Floridness,  Society- Affectation. 

pre-ten'-sions.  Claims.  Bragging,  Conceit-Diffi- 
dence, Pomp. 

pre-ten'-tious.  Affected;  ostentatious.  Bragging, 
Conceit-Diffidence,  Dueness-Undueness,  Sen- 
sitiveness-Apathy, Society-Affectation. 

pret"-er-i"-tion.    Act  of  passing  over.    Future-Past. 

pre"-ter-lapsed' .    Past  and  gone.    Future-Past. 

pre"-ter-mit'.  Neglect  the  doing  of.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness. 

pre"-ter-nat'-u-ral.  Extraordinary.  Conventiox- 
ality-Unconventionality. 

pre"-ter-per'-f  ect .    Preteri t .    F  ut  u re-Pa st. 

pre"-ter-plu'-per"-fect.  Past  pluperfect.  Future- 
Past. 

pre'-text  Excuse.  Pretext,  Truthfulness-Fab- 
rication. 

PRETEXT. 

Advocation.     The  act  of  pleading;  a  plea. 

Allegation.     A  formal  averment  or  affirmation. 

Blind      Something  intended  to  conceal  an  ulterior  purpose. 

Cheval  de  bataille  [F.fl.     A  war-horse:  amain  reliance. 

Color.     In  law,  an  apparent  right. 

Come-off.     An  evasion  or  excuse. 

Cue.     A  hint  or  suggestion. 

Dust  thrown  in  the  eyes.  Anything  intended  to  conceal  the  true  ac- 
tions or  intentions. 

Excuse,  etc.  A  plea  offered  in  extenuation  of  a  fault,  etc.  See  Jus- 
tification. 

False  plea.     A  plea  intended  to  deceive. 

Gloss.     A  false  explanation. 

Guise.     External  appearance. 

Handle      The  instrument  or  occasion  for  effecting  a  purpose. 

Bow  to  creep  out  of.     Any  means  of  escape. 


Quid  times?  Cmsarem  vehis  [L.J.     What  do  you  fear?     You  carry- 

Caesar.     To  the  sailors.     [Plutarch,  Ctesar  VII.) 
Zapatero  a  tu  zapato  [Sp].     Shoemaker,  mind  thy  shoe. 

Lame  apology.     An  apology  not  strong  or  efficient. 

Lame  excuse.     An  insufficient  excuse. 

Locus  standi  [L.|.     Standing  place.     [Gr.  pou  sto."] 

Loophole.     A  means  of  escape. 

Makeshift.     A  temporary  contrivance  in  an  emergency. 

Mere  pretext.     An  excuse. 

Moonshine.     Empty  nonsense. 

Ostensible  ground.  \ 

Ostensible  motive.  /■  The  apparent  ground  or  reason  for  an  action. 

Ostensible  reason.  ) 

Peg  to  hang  on.     A  reason  or  excuse  for  an  action. 

Plea.     Something  alleged  in  defense  or  justification. 

Pretense.  That  which  is  pretended  as  a  motive  or  excuse.  See- 
Truthfulness-Fabric  ation- 

Pretext.  An  apparent  reason  assigned  as  a  cover  for  the  real  reason 
or  motive. 

Put  off.     An  evasion  or  excuse . 

Room.     Warrantable  occasion. 

Salvo.     A  saving  clause. 

Shallow  pretext.     A  poor  excuse. 

Shift.     A  dodge  or  trick. 

Soft-sawder.     Flattery.     See  Adulation. 

Sour  grapes.  That  which  a  person,  like  the  fox  in  the  fable,  affects^ 
to  despise  because  it  is  beyond  his  attainment. 

Special  pleading.  A  plea,  which,  while  admitting  the  plaintiff's  allega- 
tions, avoids  them  by  setting  up  new  matter. 

Stalking-horse.  A  horse  behind  which  a  hunter  conceals  himself  while- 
stalking  game,  hence,  anything  serving  to  conceal  the  real  inten- 
tion. 

Starting-hole.     Means  of  evasion. 

Tub  to  a  whale.     A  trivial  concession. 

White  lie.     A  false  statement  made  without  intention  of  malice. 

Pretext — Verbs. 

Allege.     To  urge  as  a  plea  or  excuse. 

Excuse,  etc.  To  justify  by  extenuating  a  fault,  etc.  See  Justifica- 
tion. 

Furnish  a  handle.     To  give  an  occasion  or  means. 

Lend  a  color  to.     To  have  the  appearance  of  being  true.     See  Nouns. 

Make  a  handle  of.     To  use  to  one's  advantage.     See  Nouns. 

Make  a  pretext.     To  give  an  excuse.     See  Nouns. 

Make  capital  out  of.     To  make  a  big  thing  out  of  something  trivial. 

Plead.     To  adduce  in  proof  or  vindication. 

Pretend,  etc.  To  hold  out  falsely,  etc.  See  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

Shelter  oneself  under  the  plea  of.     To  give  excuse  for. 

Take  one's  stand  upon.     To  rely  upon. 

Use  as  a  plea.     To  attempt  to  justify  oneself  by.     See  Nouns. 

Pretext — Adjectives. 
Aljeged.     Asserted  to  be  true.     See  Verbs. 
Apologetic.     Said  or  written  in  defense  of. 

Ostensible,  etc.     Avowed,  apparent,  etc.     See  Manifestation. 
Pretended,  etc.     Making  a  false  appearance,  etc.     See  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud. 

Pretext — Adverbs,  etc. 
Ostensibly.     Seemingly.     See  Adjectives. 
Under  color  of.     Under  the  appearance  of.     See  Nouns. 
Under  the  plea  of.        \  W|th  that  excuse 
Under  the  pretense  of. ' 

pret'-ty.  Tolerable;  beautiful.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Faultlessness  -  Faultiness,  Magnitudf  -  °MAIL- 
ness;  pretty  fellow,  Sage-Fool;  pretty  good  Fault- 


PRETTY. 


815 


PRICE— DISCOUNT. 


uessness-Faultiness;  pretty  kettle  of  fish,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility, Regularity-Irregularity;  pretty 
pass,  etc.,  Difficulty-Facility  ;  pretty  well,  Conse- 
quence -  Insignificance,  Faultlessness  -  Faulti- 
nbss,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

preux  chevalier  FF.]  (pru  she-va-lie') .  A  brave  knight. 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

pre-vail'.  Triumph;  be  predominant.  Dominance- 
Impotence,  Entity-Nonentity,  Habit-Desuetude, 
Success-Failure,  Supremacy-Subordinacy,  Uni- 
versality-Particularity; prevail  upon,  Motive- 
Caprice. 

pre-vail'-ing.  Widely  extended.  Dominance-Impo- 
tence, Universality-Particularity;  prevailing 
taste,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

prev'-a-lence.  Common    occurrence;       dominance. 

Dominance-Impotence,  Entity-Nonentity,  Habit- 
Desuetude,  Success-Failure,  Supremacy-Subor- 
dinacy, Universality- Particularity. 

prev'-a-lent.  Predominant.  Dominance-Impotence, 
Universality-Particularity. 

pre-var'-i-cate.  Quibble.  Habit-Desuetude,  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood. 

pre-var"-i-ca'-tion.    A  lie.   Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

prevenance  [F].  (prev-nans') .  Kindness.  Politeness- 
Impoliteness. 

pre-ve'-nient.  Preceding.  Earliness-Lateness,  Pre- 
cedence-Succession. 

pre-vent'.   To  stop.   Obstruction-Help. 

pre-ven'-tion.  Obstruction;  prejudice.  Decision-Mis- 
judgment,  Obstruction-Help;  prevention  of  waste, 
Generosity-Frugality. 

pre-ven'-tive.   An  obstacle.    Obstruction-Help. 

pre'-vi-ous.  Antecedent.  Antecedence-Sequence; 
move  the  previous  question,  Quest-Abandonment; 
not  within  previous  experience,  Frequency-Rarity. 

pre'-vi-ous-ly.    Beforehand.    Antecedence-Sequence. 

pre-vi'-sion.    Foresight.    Prevision. 

PREVISION. 

Anticipation.     Taking  into  the  mind  as  a  conception  of  the  future. 

Forecast.     A  calculation  regarding  the  future. 

Foregone  conclusion.     Only  possible  outcome. 

Foreknowledge.     Knowledge  of  an  event  before  it  happens. 

Foresight.     Ability  to  provide  for  contingencies. 

Foretaste.     Enjoyment  by  anticipation. 

Forethought.     Provident  care. 

Longsightedness.     Ability  to  see  far  ahead. 

Precognition.     Previous  knowledge. 

Predeliberation.     Deliberation  beforehand. 

Prenotion.     Notion  without  slightest  basis  of  fact. 

Prescience.     Foreknowledge. 

Presentiment.     Prophetic  apprehension  of  something  future, 

Presurmise.     Surmise  with  but  slight  basis  of  fact. 

Prevision.     Prophetic  discernment. 

Prognosis.     Prediction  as  to  future  course  of  a  disease.  • 

Prospect.     What  the  future  seems  to  have  in  store. 

Prospectus.     Paper  containing  information  of  a  proposed  work. 

Prospicience.     Habit  of  looking  forward. 

Providence.     Foresight  and  care  for  the  future. 

Prudence.     Exercise  of  caution  and  provision. 

Sagacity.    Power  of  ready,  accurate,  and  far-reaching  inference  from 

observed  facts. 
Second  sight.     Superstitious  power  of  seeing  future  events. 


To  exercise  foresight. 


Prevision — Verbs. 

Anticipate.     To  take  into  the  mind  as  a  conception  of  the  future. 

Aviselefin  [F.].     Weigh  well  the  end. 

Be  beforehand.     Be  previous  in  time. 

Expect.     To  await  with  confidence. 

Forecast.     To  calculate  regarding  the  future. 

Forejudge.     To  judge  before  hearing  the  facts  and  arguments. 

Foreknow.     To  know  beforehand. 

Foresee.     To  know  the  future  from  present  indications. 

Forewarn.     To  warn  beforehand. 

Have  an  eye  to  the  future.  i„   ,         .  J,  , 

Have  an  eye  to  the  main  chance.)  To  "  watchful  and  provident. 

Keep  a  sharp  lookout.     To  look  ahead  carefully. 

Look.  1 

Look  ahead. 

Look  beyond. 

Look  forward  to. 

Look  into  the  future,  j 

Peep  into  the  future.     To  foresee. 

Predict.     To  tell  beforehand. 

Presurmise.     To  hold  an  opinion  from  the  most  fanciful  groun.  Is. 

Pry  into  the  future.     To  use  prophetic  vision. 

Respicere  finem  [L.].     To  regard  the  end. 

Scent  from  afar.     To  foresee. 

See  how  the  cat  jumps.     To  watch  how  events  turn. 

See  how  the  land  lies.    To  learn  the  state  of  affairs. 

See  how  the  wind  blows.     To  watch  the  tendencies  of  a  movement. 

See  one's  way.     To  foresee  a  course  of  action. 

Prevision — Adjectives. 

Farseeing.  •> 

Farsighted.  •  Having  foresight. 
Foreseeing. ) 

Prescient.     Foreknowing. 
Prospective.      Looking  to  the  future. 
Provident.     Exercising  foresight. 

Sagacious.     Able  to  discern  and  distinguish  with  wise  perception. 
Weather-wise.      Experienced   in   making  predictions   as  to   coming 
weather. 


Prevision — Adverbs,  etc. 


Against  the  time  when. 


Cernit  omnia  Detts  cwi 
Mihi  cura  futuri  [L.l 


Prevision-—  Phrases. 

dcx  [L.J.     The  a-'enging  divinity  sees  all. 

My  care  is  for  tht  future. 


pre-warn'.     Forewarn.     Warning. 

prey.  Booty;  victim.  Nutriment-Excretion,  Pleas- 
ure-Pain, Plunder,  Purpose-Luck:  fall  a  prey  to, 
Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Success-Failure;  prey  on  the 

mind,CoNTENTEDNESS-REGRET,  EXCITATION,  LlGHT- 

heartedness-Dejection,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Sanguineness-Timidity;  prey  on  the 
spirits,  Lightheartedness-Dejection;  prey  to  grief, 
Pleasure-Pain;  prey  to  melancholy,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection. 
price.  Valuation.  Commutation-Permutation,  Good- 
ness-Badness. Price-Discount;  at  any  price,  Per- 
sistence-Whim, Readiness-Reluctance:  beyond 
price,  Costliness-Cheapness;  cheap  at  the  price, 
Costliness-Cheapness;  have  one's  price,  Price-Dis- 
count; of  great  price,  Costliness-Cheapness,  Good- 
ness-Badness. 


PRICE— DISCOUNT. 


Amount.     The  sum  total. 

Appraisement.     An  official  valuation. 

Assessment.     A  valuation  of  property  for  taxation;    the  amount  so 

valued. 
Benevolence.     In  English  history,  a  compulsory  tax  illegally  exacted 

under  the  guise  of  a  gift. 
Bill.     A  statement  of  an  account  or  of  money  due.     See  Accounts. 
Brokerage.     A  broker  s  charges  for  services. 
Cess.     A  tax. 
Charge.     The  price  demanded  for  a  commodity. 


Abatement.     A  reduction  from  the  original  amount  or  demand. 

Agio.  A  discount  from  bank-notes  over  current  coin;morey  paid  lor 
changing  one  kind  of  money  into  another. 

Allowance.     A  deduction ,  deviation  from  the  price. 

Backwardation.  A  premium  paid  by  a  seller  to  a  [buyer  for  the 
privilege  of  holding  back  the  delivery  of  his  goods. 

Contango.  Premium  paid  by  buyer  to  seller  for  the  privilege  of  with- 
holding payment  for  a  certain  time. 

Depreciation.     A  falling  in  value  or  price. 

Discount.     Amount  deducted  from  a  debt,  etc. 


PRICE. 


816 


PRIESTL\. 


PRICE— DISCOUNT— Continued. 


Cost.     The  amount  pai  i. 

Custom.     A  duty  established  by  law. 

Damages.      Compensation  for  injury  done. 

Demand.     That  which  is  demanded;  a  requirement. 

Dues.     That  which  is  owed. 

Duty.     Tax  or  custom  assessed  by  the  government. 

Exactments.     That  which  is  required  of  right. 

Excise.     A  duty  on  goods. 

Expense.     That  which  is  expended  or  paid  out. 

Fare.     Money  paid  for  carrying  passengers. 

Figure.     Amount;   price. 

Freightage.     Amount  paid  for  carrying  freight. 

Gabel.     Rent:  service;  tax. 

Gabelle.     A  tax  on  salt. 

Gavel.     Tribute 

Groundage.     Charge  made  for  the  space  occupied  by  a  ship  in  port. 

Hire.     Compensation  paid  for  labor  or  for  use  of  another's  property. 

Impost.     A  tax  or  duty. 

Levy.     That  which  is  taken  by  a  levy. 

Market  price.     Its  price  in  an  open  market. 

Money's  worth.     Value  received  for  the  money  one  gives. 

Octroi.     A  tax  levied  on  goods  brought  within  the  walls  of  a  city. 

Pennyworth.     As  much  as  is  sold  for  a  penny. 

Price.     Any  equivalent  given  in  exchange;  value. 

Price-current.  A  statement  of  the  price  of  stocks,  merchandise,  etc., 
or  the  price  itself. 

Prime  cost.     The  very  first  cost.. 

Quotation.     Price-current. 

Ransom.     Compensation  paid  to  a  captor  for  release  of  a  prisoner. 

Rate.     Established  portion  or  valuation. 

Salvage.     Compensation  allowed  for  saving  a  vessel. 

Sess.     A  tax. 

Shot.     A  reckoning  or  charge. 

Tallage.     To  tax  or  make  a  levy  upon. 

Tallage.     Tax  paid  by  knights,  barons,  etc.,  toward  public  expenses. 

Tariff.  A  duty;  money  paid  for  exportation  or  importation  of  mer- 
chandise. 

Tax.     Money  levied  for  public  services. 

Taxation.  A  levy  by  the  government  on  persons,  business,  and  prop- 
erty under  its  direction . 

Tenths.     A  tax  of  one-tenth. 

Tithe.     A  tax  of  one-tenth  for  support  of  the  clergy. 

Toll.  A  fixed  charge  paid  for  some  privilege;  a  miller's  compensa- 
tion for  grinding  grain. 

Valuation.     Calculated  worth. 

Value.     Power  in  exchange. 

Wages.     Compensation  paid  to  hired  labor.     See  Recompense. 

Wharfage.     Consideration  paid  for  use  of  wharf. 

What  it  will  fetch.     The  selling  price  of  an  article. 

Worth.     That  which  makes  it  desirable;  value. 

Price — Verbs. 
Afford.     To  be  able  to  expend. 
Amount  to.     To  result  in  the  aggregate. 
Appraise.     To  make  an  official  valuation. 
Ask.     To  demand;  claim. 
Assess.     To  fix  the  amount  of  tax  to  be  paid. 
Bear  a  price.     To  be  worth  a  certain  amount. 
Bring  in.     To  fetch  so  much;  have  exchange  value. 
Charge.     To  put  on  a  price  and  demand  it. 
Come  to.     To  amount  to. 
Cost.     To  require  to  be  given  in  exchange. 
Demand.     To  require;  ask  for. 


Drawback.     A  rebate. 

Percentage.     The  allowance,  or  duty,  on  a  hundred. 

Poundage.     A  subsidy  to  the  crown  on  the  pounds  of  merchandise. 

Qualification.     A  limitation;  an  abatement. 

Rebate.     Any  deduction  from  the  aggregate  sum. 

Rebatement.     The  act  of  rebating. 

Reduction.     Diminishing  in  value,  price,  size,  etc. 

Salvage.     Amount  paid  for  saving  a  vessel  or  its  cargo. 

Set-off.     An  equivalent  compens  tion;  a  rebate. 

Tare  and  tret.     Allowance  to  purchasers  of  waste  in  merchandise. 

Discount — Verbs. 

Abate.     To  lessen  in  number;  decrease. 

Allow.     To  make  an  abatement  or  deduction. 

Bate.     To  strike  off;  abate. 

Discount.     To  deduct ;  make  an  abatement  of. 

Give.     To  hand  over  to  another. 

Make  allowance.     To  deduct. 

Rebate.     To  make  an  allowance. 

Reduce.     To  lessen  in  the  amount. 

Take  off.     To  reduce  in  price. 

Tax.     To  fix  the  amount  that  is  to  be  paid. 

Discount — Adjective. 
Discounting.      Deducting  from  the  sum  owing  or  to  be  paid      Se« 
Verbs. 

Discount — Adverbs,  etc. 
At  a  discount.     At  a  reduction. 
Beltw  par.     Below  nominal  value 


PRICE — Verbs — Continued. 

Distrain.     To  take  or  seize  in  security  for  debt. 

Exact.     To  force  the  payment  of,  require  with  authority. 

Fetch.     To  bring,  as  a  price. 

Fix  a  price.     To  determine  the  value  of. 

Have  one's  price. )  ™    ,     .,  .   .    , 

Mount  up  to.         J  To  ** the  sum  total  of" 

Price      To  set  a  price  upon ;  ask  the  price  of. 

Require.     To  demand  as  a  condition  to  possession. 

Run  up.     To  amount  to. 

Run  up  a  bill.     To  buy  on  credit.     See  Credit-Debt. 

Sell  for.     To  bring  a  certain  price 

Set  a  price.     To  determine  worth  or  value. 

Stand  one  in.     To  bring  in. 

Yield.     To  give  in  return  for  labor  applied. 

Price — Adjectives. 
Ad  valorem  [L.].     A  duty  charged  upon  goods  according  to  value  at 

a  certain  percentum. 
Mercenary.     Serving  for  pay. 
Priced.     Having  the  price  fixed.     See  Verbs. 
To  the  tune  of.     At  that  price. 
Venal.     Capable  of  being  bought;  purchasable. 

Price — Phrases. 
A  bon  marche  [F.].     At  a  good  bargain. 
No  longer  pipe,  no  longer  dance. 

No  penny,  no  paternoster.  • 

No  song,  no  supper. 
One  may  have  it  for. 
Point  dC  argent,  point  de  Suisse  [F.].  No  silver,  no  Swiss. 


priced.    Having  a  price.    Price-Discount. 

price'-cur"-rent.  Statement  of  the  ruling  price  of 
stocks,  merchandise,  or  other  property.  Price- 
Discount. 

price'-less.  Invaluable.  Costliness -Cheapness, 
Goodness-Badness,    Usefulness-Uselessness. 

prick.  Pierce  slightly;  mental  sting.  Aperture-Clo- 
sure, Motive-Caprice,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness,  Sensuality-Suffering,  Sharpness-Blunt- 
ness,  Tingling-Numbness;  kick  against  the  pricks, 
Reprisal-Resistance,  Usefulness-Uselessness; 
prick  up  one's  ears,  Expectation-Surprise,  Hear- 
ing-Deafness, Heed-Disregard,  Inquisitiveness- 
Indifference. 

prick'-le.     Puncture  slightly;  give  a  tingling  sensation 


to.      Sharpness-Bluntness,   Tingling-Numbness. 

prick'-Iy.  Stinging.  Sharpness-Bluntness,  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness. 

pride.  Unreasonable  conceit;  ornament.  Conceit- 
Diffidence,  Embellishment  -  Disfigurement, 
Selfrespect-Humbleness;  take  a  pride  in,  Self- 
respect-Humbleness. 

priest.  One  consecrated  to  the  service  of  a  divinity. 
Ministry-Laity. 

priest'-craft".     Policy  of  a  priesthood.     Church. 

priest'-hood.  The  priestly  office  or  character.  Church, 
Ministry-Laity. 

priest'-ly.     Sacerdotal.     Church. 

Priest'-ly.  Noted  chemist.  Priestly's  apparatus,  Chem- 
istry. 


PRIESTRIDDEN. 


817 


PRIVATE. 


priest'-rid"-den  Completely  dominated  by  priests. 
Church,  Godliness-Ungodliness. 

prig.  Pedant;  steal.  Brawler,  Society-Affecta- 
tion, Society-Dandy,  Stealing. 

prig'-gish.  Conceited;  affected.  Conceit-Diffidence, 
Society- Affectation. 

prig'-gish-ness.     Conceit.    Conceit-Diffidence. 

prig'-gism.     Pedantry.     Conceit-Diffidence. 

prim.  Stiffly  proper.  Selfrespect-Humbleness,  So- 
ciety-Affectation. 

prima  donna  [It.]  (pri'-ma  don'-a).  A  leading  female 
singer.  Acting,  Adept-Bungler,  Consequence- 
Insignificance. 

pri'-ma-cy.  State  of  being  first  in  rank.  Church, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

prima  facie  [L.l  (prai'-ma  fe'-shi-i).  At  first  view. 
Appearance-Disappearance,  Likelihood-Unlike- 
lihood, Manifestation-Latency,  Meaning-Jar- 
gon, Sight-Blindness. 

pri'-ma-ry.  Original.  Cause-Effect,  Consequence- 
Insignificance;  primary  color,  Color-Achroma- 
tism; primary  education,  Education-Misteaching; 
primary  school,  School. 

pri'-mate.  One  exercising  special  jurisdiction  over  the 
bishops  in  a  province.     Ministry-Laity. 

pri'-mates.  Persons  highest  in  rank.  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

prime.  First  in  rank,  dignity,  or  importance.  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Earliness-Lateness,  Edu- 
cation-Misteaching, Goodness-Badness,  Morn- 
ing-Evening, Novelty-Antiquity,  Number,  Prep- 
aration-Nonpreparation;  in  one's  prime,  Man- 
hood; prime  and  load,  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion;  prime  cost,  Costliness-Cheapness,  Outlay- 
Income,  Price-Discount;  prime  minister,  Manager; 
prime  mover,  Cause-Effect;  prime  number,  Num- 
ber; prime  of  life,  Infancy-Age,  Manhood;  prime  of 
the  morning,  Morning-Evening;  prime  vertical, 
Astronomy. 

primed.    Exhilarated  by  drink;  skilled.    Skill-Unskil- 

FULNESS,  TEETOTALISM-lNTEMPERANCE. 

prim'-er.    An  elementary  reading-book.    School. 

pri-me'-val.  Belonging  to  the  first  ages.  Novelty- 
Antiquity. 

pri-mig'-e-nous.  First-formed.  Beginning-End,  Nov- 
elty-Antiquity. 

pri'-ming,  A  combustible  used  to  ignite  a  charge  of 
powder;  the  first  layer  of  color.    Painting,  Weapon. 

prim'-i-tive.  Earliest.  Cause-Effect,  Novelty-An- 
tiquity; primitive  color,  Color- Achromatism. 

pri"-mc-ge'-ni-al.     Primal.     Beginning-End. 

pri"-mo-gen'-i-ture.  Seniority  by  birth.  Infancy-Age, 
Novelty- Antiquity,  Parentage-Progeny. 

pri-mor'-di-al.  First  in  order.  Cause-Effect,  Nov- 
elty-Antiquity. 

pri-mor'-di-ate.     Original.     Novelty-Antiquity. 

prim'-rose-col"-ored.  Of  the  color  of  the  primrose. 
Yellowness-Purple. 

primum  mobile  [L.]  (prai'-mum  mob'-i-li).  Any  origi- 
nal source  of  motion,  power,  or  action.  Cause- 
Effect,  Motive-Caprice. 

primus  inter  pares  [L.]  (prai'-mus  in'-ter  pe-riz).  First 
among  his  peers.      Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

prince.  A  male  monarch ;  a  leader.  Chief-Underling, 
Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Gentility-Common- 
alty; prince  of  darkness,  Angel-Satan. 

prince'-kin.    A  little  or  low  prince.    Chief-Underling. 

prince'-ly.  Like  a  prince.  Generosity-Frugality, 
Gentility-Commonalty,  Reputation  -  Discredit, 
Rule-License,  Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

prin'-cess.  One  of  the  female  members  of  a  royal 
family.  Chief-Underling,  Gentility-Commonalty. 

prin'-ci-pal.  First  in  importance;  director.  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Manager,  President- 
S2 


Member;  principal  part,  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Whole-Part. 

prin"-ci-pal'-i-ty.  Territory  of  a  reigning  prince  Ex- 
tension-Inextension,  Property. 

prin-cip'-i-a.    First  principles.    Adage-Nonsense. 

principiis  obstare  [L.]  (prin-sip'-i-is  ob-ste'-ri).  Resist 
the  first  beginnings.  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion. 

principio,  la  mitad  es  hecha,  buen  [Sp.]  (prin-thi'-pi-o, 
la  mi- tad'  es  e-tcha',  bu-en').  Well  begun  is  half 
done.     Toil-Relaxation. 

prin'-ci-ple.  Source ;  general  truth ;  settled  law ;  motive. 
Adage-Nonsense,  Cause-Effect,  Faith-Misgiv- 
ing, Materiality-Spirituality,  Motive-Caprice, 
Ratiocination-Instinct,  Subjectiveness-Objec- 
tiveness,  Uniformity-Multiformity,  Upright- 
ness-Dishonesty; on  principle,  Motive-Caprice; 
want  of  principle,  Virtue-Vice. 

prink.  Arrange  with  nicety.  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement, Pomp. 

print.  Impression  from  type;  a  printed  picture  design. 
Engraving,  Sign,  Writing-Printing;  out  of  print, 
Mark-Obliteration. 

print'-ed.     Impressed.     Writing-Printing. 

print'-er.  One  engaged  in  printing.  Writing-Print- 
ing; printer's  bundle,  Measure;  printer's  quire, 
Measure;  printer's  ream,  Measure. 

print'-ing.  Art  of  making  and  issuing  matter  for  read- 
ing, by  means  of  type  and  the  printing-press.  Writ- 
ing-Printing. 

pri'-or.  Preceding  in  time,  order,  or  importance;  a 
monastic  officer.  Antecedence-Sequence,  Future- 
Past,  Ministry-Laity,  Precedence-Succession. 

pri'-or-ess.     A  nun.     Church. 

pri'-ori  reas'-on-lng,  a.  Presumptive  reasoning.  Rati- 
ocination-Instinct. 

pri-or'-i-ty.  Antecedence.  Advance-Retrogression. 
Antecedence-Sequence,  Precedence-Succession 

prior  tempore,  prior  jure  [L.j  (prai'-or  tem'-po-ri,  prcii'- 
or  ju'-ri).  First  in  time,  first  in  right;  "first  come, 
first  served."  Antecedence-Sequence,  Prece- 
dence-Succession. 

pri'-or-y.  A  monastic  house  presided  over  by  a  prior 
Fane. 

Pris'-cian's  head,  break.  Make  a  bad  blunder  in  gram- 
mar.    Grammar-Solecism. 

prism.  A  solid  whose  bases  are  any  similar,  equal,  and 
parallel  plane  figures,  and  whose  lateral  faces  are 
parallelograms.  Angularity,  Color-Achromatism, 
Mineralogy,  Optical  Instruments;  see  through  a 
prism,  Sight-Dimsightedness. 

pris-mat'-ic  Resembling  the  spectrum.  Color- 
Achromatism,  Variegation. 

pris'-on.  A  place  of  confinement.  Enclosure,  Re- 
lease-Prison, Security-Insecurity;  cast  into 
prison,  Release-Restraint;  in  prison,  Guard- 
Prisoner. 

pris'-on-er.  One  held  in  custody.  Guard-Prisoner, 
Justification-Charge,  Release-Restraint;  take 
prisoner,  Release-Restraint,  Taking-Restitu- 
tion. 

pris'-on-house,  se'-crets  of  the.  Exposure  -  Hiding- 
place,  Tidings-Mystery. 

pris'-tine.     Primitive.     Future-Past. 

prith'-ee.     I  pray  thee.     Petition-Expostulation 

prit'-tle-prat'  -tie.  Idle  talk.  Conversation-Mono- 
logue. 

pri'-va-cy.  A  secluded  state.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Sociability-Privacy. 

pri'-vate.  Retired.  Belligerent,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Sociability-Privacy,  Universality-Par- 
ticularity; in  private,  Enlightenment-Secrecy; 
keep  private,  Conceit-Diffidence;  private  road. 
Way;     private    soldier,    Belligerent;     talk   to   in 


PRIVATE. 


818 


PROCUREMENT. 


private,  Address-Response,  Conversation-Mono- 
logue; to  gain  some  private  ends,  Unselfishness- 
Selfishness. 

pri"-va-teer'.  One  who  engages  in  privateering.  Bel- 
ligerent, Robber. 

pri"-va-teer'-ing.  Act  of  committing  hostilities  in  a 
privateer.     Theft. 

pri'-vate-ly.  In  a  private  or  secret  manner.  Conceit- 
Diffidence. 

pri-va'-tion.  -  Want  of  the  common  comforts  of  life; 
deprivation.     Affluence-Penury,  Gain-Loss. 

priv'-a-tive.     Depriving.     Taking-Restitution. 

priv'-i-lege.  Peculiar  benefit,  favor,  or  advantage. 
Dueness-Undueness,  Leave-Prohibition. 

priv'-i-leged.  Favored.  Dueness-Undueness;  priv- 
ileged question,  President-Member. 

priv'-i-ty.  Private  knowledge.  Knowledge  -  Igno- 
rance. 

priv'-y.  Privately  knowing;  latrines.  Cleanness- 
.  Filthiness,  Enlightenment-Secrecy;  privy  cab- 
inet, Council;  privy  council,  Council;  privy  to, 
Knowledge- Ignorance. 

prize.  Reward  for  excellence  or  success;  place  value 
on.  Approval-Disapproval,  Gain-Loss,  Good- 
Evil,  Love-Hate,  Plunder,  Success-Failure, 
Tribunal,  Trophy;  win  the  prize,  Success-Fail- 
ure. 

pri'-zer.     A  competitor.     Petitioner. 

prize'-fight"-er.     Pugilist.     Belligerent. 

prize'-fight"-ing.  The  sport  of  engaging  in  prize- 
fights.    Strife-Peace. 

prize'-man.     A  prize-winner.     Adept-Bungler. 

pro  and  con.  For  and  against.  Motive-Caprice, 
Ratiocination-Instinct. 

pro  forma  [L.]  (pro  for'-ma).  For  the  sake  of  form. 
Conventionality-Unconventionality. 

pro  hoc  vice  [L.]  (pro  hac  vai'-si).  For  this  turn. 
Frequency-Rarity,  Opportuneness-Unsuitable- 
ness,  Time,  Universality-Particularity. 

pro  re  nata  [L.]  (pro  ri  n6'-ta).  For  a  special  emer- 
gency. Condition- Situation,  Connection-In- 
dependence, Opportuneness  -  Unsuitableness, 
Terms,  Universality-Particularity. 

pro  tanto  [L.]  (pro  tan'-to).  For  so  much.  Magni- 
tude-Smallness,  Quantity-Measure. 

pro  tempore  [L.]  (pro  tem'-por-i).  For  the  time 
being.     Lastingness-Transientness. 

pro'-a.  A  swift  Malaysian  vessel.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

prob"-a-bil'-i-ty.  Likelihood.  Likelihood-Unlike- 
lihood, Rationale-Luck. 

prob'-a-ble.       Likely.       Faith-Unbelief,  Sanguine- 

NESS-HOPELESSNESS. 

prob'-a-bly.  In  all  likelihood.  Likelihood-Unlike- 
lihood. 

pro'-bate.     Formal,  official,  legal  proof.     Security. 

pro'-bate,  court  of.  A  court  having  jurisdiction  of  the 
proof  of  wills,  etc.     Tribunal. 

pro-ba'-tion.  Trial.  Proof-Disproof,  Trial,  Ven- 
ture. 

pro-ba'-tion-a-ry.     Serving  for  trial.     Trial,  Venture. 

pro-ba'-tion-er.  One  who  is  on  trial.  Instructor- 
Pupil. 

pro'-ba-tive.     Proving.     Proof-Disproof. 

pro'-ba-to-ry.     Serving  for  proof.     Trial. 

probatum,  est  [L.]  (pro-b£  -turn,  est).  It  is  proved. 
Approval- Disapproval,  Proof-Disproof. 

probe.  Search  through  and  through;  a  smooth,  slen- 
der rod,  used  for  exploring  cavities.  Deepness- 
Shallowness,  Investigation-Answer,  Mensura- 
tion,  Perforator-Stopper. 

Orobitas  laudatur,  et  alget  [L.]  (prob'-it-as  lau-de'-tur, 
et  al'-jet).  Integrity  is  praised,  and  freezes.  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 


prob'-i-ty.  Integrity.  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

prob'-lem.  A  question  for  solution.  Conception- 
Theme,  Investigation-Answer,  Tidings-Mystery. 

prob"-lem-at'-ic-al.  Constituting  or  involving  an  un- 
settled problem.     Certainty-Doubt. 

pro-bos'-cis.  A  prolonged,  flexible  snout.  Convex- 
ity-Concavity. 

pro-cac'-i-ty.  Impudence.  Favorite-Quarrelsome- 
ness, Politeness- Impoliteness,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness. 

pro-ce'-dure.  Manner  of  proceeding.  Action-Pas- 
siveness,  Conduct,  Way. 

pro-ceed'.  Go  on  or  forward.  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Period-Progress;  proceed  from,  Cause- 
Effect;  proceed  with,  Conduct. 

pro-ceed'-ing.  Act  or  course  of  action.  Action-Pas- 
siveness,  Completion-Noncompletion,  Entirety- 
Deficiency,  Occurrence-Destiny;  course  of  pro- 
ceeding, Conduct. 

pro-ceed'-ings  of .     Records  of.     Mark-Obliteration. 

pro'-ceeds.  Material  results  of  an  action  or  course. 
Gain-Loss,  Money,  Outlay-Income. 

pro-cer'-i-ty.     Tallness.     Height-Lowness. 

proc'-ess.  A  systematic  series  of  actions;  an  accessory 
outgrowth.  Conduct,  Convexity-Concavity;  in 
process  of  time,  Antecedence-Sequence;  legal 
process,  Law-Lawlessness  ;  process  of  time,  Period- 
Progress. 

pro-ces'-sion.  Act  of  proceeding:  an  array.  Con- 
tinuity-Interruption, Pomp,  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion. 

pro-ces'-sion-al.  Hymn  sung  during  a  religious  proces- 
sion.    Ceremonial. 

proces  verbal  [F.]  (pro"-se'  ver"-bal').  Detailed 
statement  relating  to  the  commission  of  a  crime. 
Litigation,  Mark-Obliteration. 

pro'-chro-nism.  Antedating.  Chronology-Anach- 
ronism. 

pro-claim'.     Publish  with  authority.     Publicity. 

proc"-la-ma'-tion.     A  formal  declaration.     Publicity. 

pro-cliv'-i-ty.     Propensity.    Affections,  Inclination. 

pro-con'-sul.     A  Roman  official.     Representative. 

pro-con'-sul-ship.  Office  of  a  proconsul.  Rule-Li- 
cense. 

pro-cras'-ti-nate.     To  put  off.     Earliness-Lateness. 

pro-cras"-ti-na'-tion.  Dilatoriness.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Earliness-Lateness. 

pro'-cre-ant.     Productive.     Fertility-Sterility. 

pro'-cre-ate.  Produce  by  generating.  Creation-De- 
struction, Fertility-Sterility. 

pro"-cre-a'-tion.  Generation.  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Fertility-Sterility. 

pro'-cre-a"-tive.  Tending  to  generate.  Fertility- 
Sterility. 

pro'-cre-a"-tor.  One  who  begets.  Parentage-Prog- 
eny. ' 

pro-crus'-te-an.  Ruthlessly  forcing  into  conformity. 
Conventionality  -  Unconventionality  ;  procrus- 
tean  law,  Uniformity-Multiformity. 

Pro-crus'-tes.  A  legendary  Greek  robber.  Stretch  on 
the  bed  of  Procrustes,  Equality-Inequality. 

proc'-tor.  An  agent  acting  for  another;  attorney. 
Advocate,  Consignee,  Manager. 

proc'-tor-ship.     Office  of  a  proctor.     Management. 

pro-cum'-bent.  Lying  flat  on  the  ground.  Erect- 
ness-Flatness. 

proc"-u-ra'-tion.  The  act  of  procuring.  Commission- 
Abrogation,  Gain-Loss. 

proc'-u-ra"-tor.  One  authorized  to  manage  the  affairs 
of  another.     Manager. 

pro-cure'.  Obtain.  Buying-Sale,  Cause-Effect, 
Gain-Loss,  Motive-Caprice. 

pro-cure'-ment.     Obtainment.     Gain-Loss. 


PROCURESS. 


819 


PROFFER— REFUSAL. 


pro-cur'-ess.     Bawd.     Purity-Rake. 

prod.     Goad.     Impetus-Reaction. 

prod'-i-gal.  Wasteful.  Excess-Lack,  Extrava- 
gance-Avarice, Good  Man-Bad  Mai 

prod"-i-gal'-i-ty.  Wastefulness.  Ex-iravagance- 
Avarice,  Provision-Waste. 

prod'-i-gence.     Waste.     Extravagance-Avarice. 

pro-dig'-ious.  Immense.  Astonishment-Expec- 
tance, Magnitude-Smallness. 

prod'-i-gy.  A  person  or  thing  of  very  remarkable  gifts. 
Conventionality  -  Unconventionality,  Phenom- 
enon, Possibility-Impossibility;  prodigy  of  learn- 
ing, Adept-Bungler. 

pro-di'-tion.     Betrayal.     Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

pro'-drome.  Forerunner.  Predecessor-Continuation. 

prodromos  [Gr.]  (prod'-ro-mos) .  Forerunner.  Prede- 
cessor-Continuation. 

prod'-ro-mous.  Precursory.  Predecessor-Contin- 
uation. 

pro-duce'.  Bring  forth;  lead  to.  Cause-Effect,  Crea- 
tion-Destruction, Fertility-Sterility,  Length- 
Shortness,  Manifestation-Latency;  produce  itself, 
Visibility-Invisibility. 

prod'-uce.  That  which  is  produced.  Gain-Loss,  Labor- 
Capital,  Merchandise. 

pro-duced'.  Brought  forth.  Creation  -  Destruc- 
tion. 

pro-du'-cer.  One  who  produces.  Labor -Capital, 
Maker-Destroyer. 

pro-du'-ci-ble.  That  may  be  brought  forward.  Mani- 
festation-Latency. 

pro-du'-cing.    Bringing  forth.    Fertility-Sterility. 

prod'-uct.  Anything  produced;  result  of  multiplica- 
tion.    Cause-Effect,  Gain-Loss,  Number. 

pro-duc'-tion.     Act  of  producing,  or  what  is  produced. 


Cause- Effect,  Creation-  Destruction,  Gain- 
Loss,  Length -Shortness,  Manifestation -La- 
tency, Merchandise. 

pro-duc'-tive.   Able  to  produce.    Might-Impotence. 

pro-due'-  tive-ness.     Fertility.     Fertility-Sterility. 

pro'-em.  An  introductory  statement.  Predecessor- 
Continuation. 

pro-em'-i-al.  Introductory.  Beginning-End,  Prece- 
dence-Succession, Predecessor-Continuation. 

prcemium  [L.]  (pri'-mi-um).  A  preface.  Predecessor- 
Continuation. 

prof"-a-na'-tion.     Desecration.     Godliness-Ungodli 
ness. 

pro-fane'.  Desecrate;  blasphemous;  secular.  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness, Ministry-Laity,  Use-Disuse; 
profane  swearing,  Charitableness-Curse. 

pro-fan'-i-ty.  Irreverence.  Godliness-Ungodliness, 
Use-Disuse. 

projanum  vulgus  [L.]  (pro-fe'-num  vul'-gus).  The  pro- 
fane herd.     Gentility-Commonalty. 

pro-fes'-sion.  Occupation;  declaration  of  faith;  pre- 
tense. Assertion-Denial,  Engagement-Release, 
Nature-Art,  Occupation,  Truthfulness-Fabri- 
cation ;  enter  a  profession,  Occupation  ;  profession  of 
faith,  Faith-Misgiving,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

pro-fes'-sion-al.  Pertaining  to  a  profession.  Occupa- 
tion. 

pro-fes'-sion-al-ly.  In  a  professional  manner.  Occu- 
pation. 

pro-fess'-or.  Public  teacher.  Instructor- Pupil, 
Scholar-Dunce. 

prof"-es-so'-ri-al.    Pedagogic.    Instructor-Pupil. 

pro-fess'-or-ship.  Office  of  a  professor.  Instructor- 
Pupil,  School. 

prof'-fer.    Act  of  proffering.    Proffer-Refusal. 


PROFFER— REFUSAL. 


Bid.     A  verbal  offer 

Candidature.     The  state  of  being  a  candidate. 

Invitation.     An  asking  to  come  to  some  place  or  to  do  some  act. 

Motion.  A  setting  forth  for  consideration  of  a  plan  or  course  of  ac- 
tion 

Offer.     The  act  of  tendering  something  for  refusal  or  acceptance 

Offering.     The  act  of  making  an  offer.     See  Givino 

Overture.  The  opening  of  negotiations  usually  to  bring  about  a  rec- 
onciliation. 

Presentation.     The  act  of  presenting  for  approval,  acceptance,  etc. 

Proffer.     The  act  of  offering  anything 

Proposal.     The  offer  of  something  for  acceptance  and  action. 

Proposition.     An  offer  of  terms  for  consideration 

Tender.     An  offer  meant  to  be  accepted. 

Proffer — Verbs. 

Be  a  candidate.     To  offer  oneself  for  an  office. 

Be  at  one's  service.     To  offer  to  do  someth  ng  for  anothet. 

Bid.     To  make  an  offer. 

Bid  for.     To  make  an  offer  for  something. 

Bribe,  etc.     To  offer  anything  in  order  to  corrupt.     See  Giving. 

Come  forward.     To  come  out  and  offer  oneself,  as  for  an  office. 

Go  a  begging.     To  offer  oneself  without  being  accepted. 

Hawk  about.     To  sell  or  offer  for  sale  publicly. 

Hold  out.     To  offer  oneself. 

Invite.     To  draw  by  some  offer  to  the  inclinations. 

Lay  at  one's  feet.     To  offer  anything,  often  in  a  servile  manner. 

Make  advances.    To  make  the  first  efforts,  as  towards  a  reconciliation. 

Make  a  motion.  To  make  a  formal  proposal  for  an  action  in  a  parlia- 
mentary body. 

Move.     To  make  a  motion. 

Offer.     To  tender  anything  for  acceptance  or  refusal. 

Offer  for  sale.  etc.     To  put  upon  the  market.     See  Buying-Sale. 

Offer  oneself.     To  express  a  wish  to  aid. 

Place  in  one's  way.     To  offer  in  a  conspicuous  manner. 

Present.     To  offer  openly. 

Present  oneself.     To  make  an  offer  of  one's  services. 

Press,  etc  To  offer  anything  persistently  and  eagerly.  See  Peti- 
tion. 

Proffer.     To  offer  for  acceptance. 

Propose.     To  offer  a  question  for  discussion  or  consideration. 


Abnegation.     An  abjuration  ;  denial. 

Declension.     The  act  of  declining. 

Declining.      Rejection,  non-acceptance.     See  Verbs. 

Denial.     A  refusal  to  admit  or  acknowledge  anything.  • 

Disclaimer.     A  denial;  a  disavowal. 

Discountenance.     Disapproval  or  disfavor. 

Dissent.  Refusal  to  assent,  approve,  or  agree.  See  Assent-Dis- 
sent 

Flat  refusal.     A  positive  refusal. 

Incompliance.     The  act  of  refusing  to  acquiesce. 

Non-compliance.     Incompliance. 

Peremptory  refusal.     A  decisive  refusal. 

Pointblank  refusal.     A  plain,  direct  refusal. 

Protest.     A  solemn  or  formal  objection. 

Rebuff.     A  peremptory  or  unexpected  rejection. 

Recusancy.  The  state  of  persisteptly  refusing  to  comply  with  au- 
thority. 

Refusal.     The  act  of  declining  to  do  a  thing. 

Rejection.     Refusal  to  acknowledge. 

Repulse.     The  act  of  refusing  to  have  anything  to  do  with ;  refusal. 

Revocation.     Repeal;  reversal.     See  Commission. 

Refusal — Verbs. 
Be  deaf  to.     To  pay  no  attention  to :  refuse. 
Begrudge       To  envy  another  of  his  possessions. 
Be  slow  to.     To  agree  to  unwillingly. 
Cast  behind  one.     To  reject. 


Close  the  band. 


To  refuse  to  give  monetary  help  to. 


Close  the  purse.  I 

Cross.     To  obstruct;  contradict. 

Decline.     To  refuse  to  accept. 

Deny.     To  refuse  to  acknowledge  as  true. 

Deny  oneself.     To  refuse  oneself  something;    refuse  to  acknowledge 

oneself. 
Discard.     To  reject  as  undesirable. 
Disclaim.     To  disavow;  refuse  to  acknowledge. 
Discountenance.     To  disapprove  of. 
Dissent,  etc.     To  disagree  w;th.     See  Assent-Dissent. 
Forswear.     To  reject  utterly. 
Grudge.     To  envy  a  person. 
Hang  fire.     To  hesitate;  hang  in  suspense. 


PROFFER. 


820 


PROGRESSIVE. 


PROFFER— REFUSAL— Continued. 


PROFFER— Verbs— Continued. 

Put  forward .     To  offer  or  bring  to  notice . 

Seek.     To  try  to  secure. 

Stand  for.     To  offer  oneself,  as  tor  an  office. 

Start.     To  begin,  make  the  firs*  offers  towards  anything. 

Tender.     To  offer;  proffer. 

Volunteer.     To  offer  oneself  willingly  to  do  something. 

Proffer — Adjectives . 
Disengaged.     Not  occupied ;  hence,  in  a  state  to  be  offered. 
For  sale.     Offered  to  be  sold. 
In  the  market.     In  a  state  to  be  offered. 

Offered,  etc.  1  Bringing  before  one  for    acceptance  or  refusal.     See 
Offering,  etc./      Verbs 
On  hire.     In  a  position  to  be  hired. 
To  let.     For  rent  or  hire. 


REFUSAL — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Not  willing  to  hear  of.     Not  willing  to  pay  any  attention  to. 
Out  of  the  question.     Not  worthy  of  consideration ;  impossible. 
Recusant.     Persistently  refusing  to  conform  to  authority. 
Refusing,  etc.      Not  wishing  to  yield.     See  Verbs. 

Restive  }  Difficult  to  restrain. 
Uncomplying.     Not  yielding. 
Unconsenting.     Not  agreeing  with. 
Ungranted.     Not  given. 

Refusal — Adverbs,  etc. 
No, etc.     The  negative  reply.     See  Assertion-Affirmation. 
Not  for  the  world.     On  no  account. 
No,  thank  you.      A  polite  form  of  refusal. 
On  no  account.     By  no  means. 

Refusal — Phrases. 
Bien  oblit:i  [F  ].     Much  obliged. 
Non  possumus  fL  ].     No,  we  cannot. 
Your  humble  servant.       Pardon  me. 


REFUSAL— Verbs— Continued. 

Have  nothing  to  do  with.     To  refuse  to  associate  with. 

Negative.     To  deny  the  truth  of. 

Nill.     To  refuse. 

Not  be  at  home  to.     To  refuse  to  see  any  one. 

Not  grant,  etc.     To  refuse  anything.     See  Consent. 

Not  hear  of.     To  reject  altogether. 

Not  yield  an  inch,  etc.     To  refuse  to  move.     See  Bigotry. 

Protest.     To  assert  a  thing  earnestly ;  refuse  to  acknowledge  a  thing 

Rebuff.     To  repel  suddenly  or  rudely. 

Refuse.     To  decline  to  do  a  thing  or  to  yield. 

Refuse  one's  assent.     To  refuse  to  agree  with 

Reject.     To  refuse  to  receive. 

Repel.     To  check;  drive  back. 

Repulse.     To  beat  or  drive  back;  reject. 

Rescind, etc.     To  make  void;  abrogate.     See  Commission. 

Resist.     To  oppose,  strive  against,  or  obstruct. 

Send  away  with  a  flea  in  the  ear.     To  send  away  with  an  unexpected 

and  annoying  reply. 
Send  back.  |  T         d  ;  h     refusal 

Send  to  the  right-about.) 
Set  aside.     To  refuse  to  consider. 
Set  one's  face   against.     To  oppose   anything,  refuse  to  consider  it 

fairly 

Shake  the  head.     To  refuse  by  shaking  the  head. 

Shut  the  door  in  one's  face,  1  ...       .  .     ... 

™  _  ..      .        .  ,    ,         f  To  refuse  admittance 

Slam  the  door  in  one  s  face.) 

Stand  aloof.     To  stand  aside. 

Turn  a  deaf  ear  to.     To  refuse  to  pay  any  attention  to. 
Turn  one's  back  upon.     To  refuse  to  have  anything  to  do  with  a  per- 
son or  thing. 
Wash  one's  hands  of.     To  absolve  oneself  from  any  guilt 
Withhold  one's  assent.     To  refuse  to  agree. 

Refusal — Adjectives. 
Deaf  to.     Not  to  pay  any  attention  to. 
Impossible.     That  which  cannot  come  to  pass. 
Not  to  be  thought  of.     Not  to  be  considered ;  refused. 
(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


pro-fi'-cien-cy.  Skill.  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness,  Success-Failure. 

pro-fi'-cient.  Expert.  Adept-Bungler,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

pro-fic'-u-ous.  Profitable.  Usefulness-  Useless- 
ness. 

pro'-file.  An  outline;  a  drawing  in  outline.  Appear- 
ance -  Disappearance,  Laterality  -  Contraposi- 
tion, Outline,  Painting. 

prof-it.  Benefit;  return.  Gain-Loss,  Good-Evil, 
Goodness  -  Badness,  Usefulness-  Uselessness; 
profit  by,  Goodness-Badness,  Success-Failure, 
Use-Disuse. 

prof'-it-a-ble.  Yielding  profit;  useful.  Fertility- 
Sterility,  Gain-Loss,  Goodness-Badness,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness. 

prof'-it-less.      Yielding  no  profit.      Usefulness-Use- 

LESSNESS. 

prof'-li-ga-cy.    Shameless  viciousness.     Virtue-Vice. 

prof-li-gate.    Depraved.    Virtue-Vice. 

prot'-lu-ence.    A  flowing  forth.    River-Wind. 

prof  lu-ent.  Flowing  forth.  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, River-Wind. 

pro-found'.  Deep;  sagacious.  Craft-Artlessness, 
Deepness-Shallowness,  Emotion,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Sagacity-In- 
capacity; profound  attention,  Heed- Disregard; 
profound  knowledge,  Knowledge-Ignorance;  pro- 
found secret,  Tidings-Mystery. 

profundis,  de  [L.]  (pro-fun'-dis,  d!) .  Out  of  the  depths. 
Jubilation  -  Lamentation,  Repentance  -  Obdu- 
racy. 

pro-fun'-di-ty.  Depth.  Craft-Artlessness,  Deep- 
ness-Shallowness, Emotion,  Knowledge-Jgno- 
rance,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Sagacity-Incapac- 
ity. 


pro-fuse'.  Copious.  Excess-Lack,  Extravagance- 
Avarice,  Multiplicity -Paucity,  Terseness- 
Prolixity. 

pro-fuse'-ness.     Abundance.     Excess-Lack. 

pro-fu'-sion.  Exuberant  plenty.  Enough,  Excess  - 
Lack,  Extravagance-Avarice,  Multiplicity-Pau- 
city. 

prog.    Go  about  begging.    Nutriment-Excretion. 

pro-gen'-er-ate.   Procreate.   Creation-Destruction. 

pro-gen"-er-a-tion.  Procreation.  Parentage-Prog- 
eny. 

pro-gen'-i-tor.  An  ancestor  in  the  direct  line.  Parent- 
age-Progeny. 

prog'-e-ny.    Offspring.    Parentage-Progeny. 

prog-no'-sis.  Prediction  of  the  future  course  of  disease. 
Prevision,  Prophecy. 

prog-nos'-tic.   Omen.    Portent. 

prog-nos'-ti-cate.  Foretellby  means  of  tokens.  Proph- 
ecy. 

pro'-gram.  Plan  of  proceedings.  Design,  Prophecy, 
Record. 

pro-gress'.  Make  to  advance.  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion. 

prog'-ress.  Advance.  Advance-Retrogression,  Con- 
version-Reversion, Movement-Rest;  in  mid  prog- 
ress, Transfer;  in  progress,  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Completion-Noncompletion,  Entirety-De- 
ficiency; make  progress,  Activity-Indolence,  Ad- 
vance-Retrogression, Success-Failure;  progress 
of  science,  Knowledge-Ignorance;  progress  of 
time,  Period-Progress. 

pro-gres'-sion.  Advancement;  a  series  of  numbers. 
Advance-Retrogression,  Continuity-Interrup- 
tion, Number,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

pro-gress'-ive.  Advancing:  bettering.  Advance-Ret- 
rogression,    Betterment-Deterioration,     Con- 


PROGRESSIVE. 


821 


PRONUNCIATION. 


tinuity- Interruption,  Period- Progress;  pro- 
gressive form,  Verb. 

pro-hib'-it.    To  forbid.    Leave-Prohibition. 

pro-hib'-it-ed.  Forbidden.  Law-Lawlessness,  Leave- 
Prohibition,  Release-Restraint. 

pro"-hi-bi'-tion.  An  order  forbidding  something.  As- 
sertion-Denial, Leave- Prohibition,  Release- 
Restraint. 

pro-hib'-it-ive.  Tending  to  prohibit.  Leave-Prohibi- 
tion. 

pro-hib'-it-or-y.  That  which  prohibits.  Leave-Prohi- 
bition. 

pro"-hi-bi'-tion-ist.  One  who  favors  the  prohibition  by 
law  of  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  alcoholic  liquors. 
Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

pro-ject'.  Shoot  or  throw  forth;  devise.  Con- 
vexity-Concavity, Design,  Purpose-Luck,  Push- 

PULL. 

proj'-ect.   Scheme.    Design,  Purpose-Luck. 

pro-ject'-ile.    Missile.    Push-Pull,  Weapon. 

pro-jec'-tion.  A  jutting  out;  apian.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Delineation-Caricature. 

pro-ject'-or.    One  who  devises  schemes.    Design. 

pro' -late.    Drawling.    Vocalization-Muteness. 

pro-la'-tion.  Pronunciation.  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness, Vocalization-Muteness. 

prole,  sine  [L.]  (pro'-li,  sai'-ni).  Without  offspring. 
Fertility-Sterility. 

pro"-leg-om'-en-a.  Introductory  remarks.  Predeces- 
sor-Continuation. 

pro-lep'-sis.  Anticipation;  assigning  to  an  event  a  date 
earlier  than  the  true  one.  Chronology-Anachro- 
nism, Predecessor-Continuation. 

pro"-le-taire'.  A  person  of  the  lowest  class.  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

prol"-e-ta'-ri-an.  A  person  of  the  lowest  class.  Gen- 
tility-Commonalty. 

prol"-e-ta'-ri-at.  The  indigent  classes.  Gentility- 
Commonalty,  Labor-Capital. 

pro-lif'-ic.  Fruitful.  Creation-Destruction,  Fer- 
tility-Sterility, Usefulness-Uselessness. 

pro'-lix.    Verbose.    Terseness-Prolixity. 

pro-lix'-i-ty.    Verbosity.    Terseness-Prolixity. 

pro-loc'-u-tor.  Advocate.  Instructor-Learner, 
Speech-Inarticulateness. 

pro'-logue.  A  prefatory  statement.  Acting,  Prede- 
cessor-Continuation. 

pro-long'.  Lengthen.  Earliness-Lateness,  Lasting- 
ness-Transientness,  Length-Shortness. 

pro-longed'.      Lengthened.     Lastingness-Transient- 

NESS. 

pro-lu'-sion.  Preliminary  step  or  proceeding.  Pre- 
decessor-Continuation. 

prom"-en-ade\  Walk  for  amusement  or  exercise.  City- 
Country,  Pomp,  Traveling-Navigation. 

Pro-me'-the-an.    Like  Prometheus.    Life-Death. 

Pro-me'-the-us.  The  founder  of  civilization.  Life- 
Death. 

prom'-i-nence.  Eminence.  Elevation-Depression, 
Height-Lowness. 

prom'-i-nent.  Jutting  out;  eminent.  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Convexity-Concavity,  Height- 
Lowness,  Manifestation-Latency,  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

prom'-i-nent-ly.  Eminently.  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Suprbmacy-Subordinacy. 

pro-mis'-cu-ous.  Confusedly  mingled;  accidental. 
Mixture-Homogeneity,  Purpose-Luck,  Regular- 
ity-Irregularity. 

prom'-ise.  Engage  to  do  or  not  to  do  for  another;  as- 
sure. Consent,  Engagement-Release,  Prophecy, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  keep  one's  promise, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty;  keep  promise  to  ear  and 
break  to  hope,  Truthfulness-Fraud;   promise  one- 


self, Expectation-Surprise,  Sanguineness-Ho*b- 
lessness. 

prom'-is-ing.  Giving  good  hopes  for  the  future.  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness. 

prom'-is-so"-ry.  Containing  a  promise.  Engagement- 
Release  ;  promissory  note,  Money,  Security. 

prom'-on-to"-ry.  A  headland.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Height-Lowness,  Ocean-Land. 

pro-mote'.  Further.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Inclination,  Obstruction-Help. 

pro-mo'-ter.    Forwarder.    Design. 

pro-mo'-tion.  Advancement.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Obstruction-Help. 

prompt.  Suggest;  early;  induce.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Advice,  Earliness-Lateness,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Motive-Caprice,  Remembrance- 
Forgetfulness;   prompt  memory,  Remembrance- 

FORGETFULNESS. 

prompt'-book".  A  book  intended  for  a  stage-prompter. 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

prompt'-er.  One  who  prompts.  Acting,  Advice, 
Motive-Caprice. 

prompt'-ing.  Inciting;  suggesting.  Motive-Caprice, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

prompt'-i-tude.  The  quality  of  being  prompt.  Activ- 
ity-Indolence, Earliness-Lateness. 

prompt'-u-a-ry.     Storehouse.     Store. 

pro-mul'-gate .  Proclaim.  Publicity;  promulgate  a 
decree,  Order. 

pro-mul'-ga"-tion.     Proclaiming.     Publicity. 

pro'-na-tion  and  su'-pi-na"-tion.  Act  of  turning  the 
palm  of  the  hand  upward  and  downward.  Reversal. 

prone.  Prostrate.  Affections,   Erectness-Flatness. 

prone'-ness.  Propensity.  Affections,  Erectness- 
Flatness,  Inclination. 

prdner  [F.]  (pro-ne').  Cry  up.  Approval -Disap- 
proval, Pomp. 

proneur  [F.]  (pro-nur').  Lecturer.  Flatterer-De- 
famer. 

prong.     A  tine  of  a  fork.     Doubling-Halving. 

pro'-noun.  A  word  which  can  be  used  instead  of  a 
noun.  Pronoun;  adjective  pronoun,  Pronoun; 
adverbial  pronoun,  Pronoun;  demonstrative  pro- 
noun, Pronoun;  distributive  pronoun,  Pronoun; 
emphatic  pronoun,  Pronoun;  indefinite  pronoun, 
Pronoun;  interrogative  pronoun,  Pronoun;  per- 
sonal pronoun,  Pronoun;  possessive  pronoun,  Pro- 
noun; reciprocal  pronoun,  Pronoun;  reflexive  pro- 
noun, Pronoun  ;  relative  pronoun,  Pronoun. 

PRONOUN. 

Pronoun.     Word  which  can  be  used  instead  of  a  noun. 
Pronoun — Kinds. 

Adjective  pronoun.  One  that  can  be  used  either  as  an  adjective  or 
pronoun.  They  include  the  demonstratives,  indefinites,  distribu- 
tives, and  reciprocals. 

Adverbial  pronoun.  One  that  can  be  used  either  as  an  adverb  or  pro- 
noun, as  where,  whither,  etc. 

Demonstrative  pronoun.     One  that  points  out  specifically. 

Distributive  pronoun.     One  that  points  out  objects  to  be  taken  singly. 

Emphatic  pronoun.     One  that  denotes  emphasis. 

Indefinite  pronoun.     One  that  defines  generally. 

Interrogative  pronoun.     One  used  in  asking  questions. 

Personal  pronoun.     One  that  shows  by  its  form  its  person. 

Possessive  pronoun.     One  denoting  possession. 

Reciprocal  pronoun.     One  indicating  a  mutual  relation. 

Reflexive  pronoun.  One  used  after  a  transitive  verb  to  denote  the 
same  person  or  thing  as  the  subject. 

Relative  pronoun.  One  that  acts  both  as  a  pronoun  and  a  conjunc- 
tion. 

pro-nounce'.  To  utter;  declare;  speak.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Speech-Inarticu- 
lateness, Vocalization-Muteness. 

pro-nun"-ci-a'-tion.  Act  of  pronouncing  words  or 
syllables.     Vocalization-Muteness. 


PRONUNCIATIVE. 

pro-r.un'-ci-a-tive.  Asserting  with  confidence.  Asser- 
tion-Denial. 

proof  Establishment  of  a  fact  by  evidence;  a  printed 
trial-sheet.  Design,  Feeling-Insensibility,  Hard- 
ness-Softness,    Proof-Disproof,     Sign      Trial 


822  PROOF— DISPROOF. 

Writing-Printing;     ocular    proof,    Visibility-In- 
visibility;    proof  against,   Attack-Defense,    De- 
termination-Vacillation,   Reprisal-Resistance, 
Security  -  Insecurity,       Sensitiveness  -  Apathy 
Strength-Weakness. 


PROOF— DISPROOF 


Apodiiis.     Absolute  demonstration 

Argument.  A  reason  offered  for  or  against  an  opinion.  See  Ratioc- 
ination 

Comprobation.      Proof .  common  assent  to  an  explanation 

Conclusiveness.     The  quality  of  being  decisive 

Demonstration  Proof  by  such  evidence  of  facts  as  precludes  rea- 
sonable doubt 

Experimentum  crucis  [L]      A  severe  trial.     See  Trial 

Logic  of  facts.  Natural  and  inevitable  conclusion  from  any  set  of  cir- 
cumstances     See  Evidence. 

Probation.     The  time  of  testing 

Proof.     Any  effort  to  establish  the  truth  or  falsity  of  something. 

Proof —  Verbs. 

Demonstrate.     To  prove,  show  clearly  by  giving  true  evidence. 
Draw  a  conclusion.     To  come  to  an  opinion  or  decision  about.     See 

Decision 
Establish.     To  set  on  indisputable  ground. 
-Evince.     To  show  plainly  and  with  certainty.     See  Evidence. 
Follow.     To  accept  the  conclusions  or  opinions  of  some  one  else. 
Follow  of  course.     To  follow  as  a  natural  consequence. 
Have  the  best  ot  an  argument.     To  prove  one's  contention. 
Hold  good      To  be  able  to  stand  thorough  investigation 
Hold  water.     To  hold  the  bottom  or  foundation  of  an  argument  solid. 
Make  good.     To  be  able  to  prove  by  evidence  what  one  asserts. 
Make  out.     To  draw  a  conclusion  from  the  facts 
Make  out  a  case.     To  start  a  case  based  on  the  claims  of  the  client. 
Prove.     To  establish .  show  clearly  by  logical  steps  of  reasoning. 
Prove  one's  point.     To  establish  one's  claim. 
Reduce  to  demonstration       To  bring  into  subjection  of  reason  and 

judgment ;  to  put  into  the  form  of  a  logical  demonstration. 
Set  the  question  at  rest.     To  free  from  further  discussion 
Settle  the  question      To  decide  the  question. 
Show      To  demonstrate  .  prove 

Stand  to  reason.     To  submit  to  the  passing  of  logical  judgment*. 
Verify.     To  prove  to  be  true      See  Evidence. 

Proof — Adjectives. 
Apodictic.    \  ~,       .      , 
Apodictical./  Show>n«  by  argument. 
Categorical.     Absolute 
Consectary.     Following  necessarily 
Consequential.     Following  or  resulting. 
Crucial.      Determining  absolutely  the  falsity  of  a  view. 
Decisive       Putting  an  end  to  uncertainty 
Reducible.      Capable  of  being  derived  or  inferred. 
Demonstrated       Proved.     See  Verbs 
Demonstrating       Pro-'ing.     See  Verbs. 
Demonstrable.     Able  to  be  demonstrated. 

Proof — A  djec  lives . 

Demonstrative.     Convincing;  showing  clearly 

.Evident.     Manifest  or  plain       See  Certainty. 

Following.     To  come  after  in  logical  order. 

Inferential.     That  which  can  be  deducible  from  what  is  known. 

Irrefragable.     Not  to  be  overthrown  or  refuted. 

Irrefutable.      Unanswerable ,  indisputable. 

Irresistible.     Not  to  be  opposed  with  success. 

Probative.     Serving  for  investigation  trial,  or  probation. 

Proved.     That  which  has  been  demonstrated. 

Unanswerable.      Not  able  to  be  answered  or  replied  to. 

Unanswered.     Not  to  be  refuted. 

Unconfuted.     Not  confuted,  not  proved  false. 

Unrefuted.     Unopposed .  unassailed. 

Proop — Adverbs,  etc. 
As  a  matter  of  course.     It  goes  without  saying. 
Consequently.     For  that  reason . 
In  consequence.     As  a  result 
Of  course.     Surely,  truly 

Proof — Phrases. 

Exitus  acta  probat  [L.].     The  event  approves  the  act, 

It  must  follow. 

Probatum  est  [L.J     It  has  been  proved. 


Answer.     A  reply,  a  refutation. 

Clincher.     A  decisive  argument:    that  which  binds  the  other  state 

ments. 
Complete  answer.     Full  reply. 
Confutation.     The  act  of  disproving  something. 
Conviction.     The  act  of  believing  something  firmly. 
Disproof.     Refutation,  denial. 
Exposition.     Bringing  to  view. 
Exposure.     Laying  open  an  argument. 
Invalidation.     Making  a  thing  null  and  void. 

Knock-down  argument.     One  that  prostrates  everything  before  it. 
Redargution.     The  act  of  arguing  in  return,  reply. 
Reductio  ad  absurdum  [L.fl.     A  reducing  to  an  absurdity. 
Refutation.     Answer    reply  to  charges. 
Retort.     A  keen  or  sharp  rejoinder. 
Tu  quoque  argument.     A  thou-too  argument. 

Disproof —  Verbs. 

Be  confuted.     To  prove  invalid. 

Clinch  an  argument.     To  make  it  impossible  to  be  overthrown. 

Clinch  a  question.     To  decide,  settle. 

Confute.     To  show  the  falsity  of. 

Cut  the  ground  from  under  one's  feet.     To  put  limits  to  an  opponent** 

arguments. 
Defeat.     To  conquer    overcome. 
Demolish.     To  bring  to  naught,  overthrow 
Disprove.     To  show  the  fallacy. 
Explode.     To  shatter,  riddle  to  pieces. 
Expose.     To  show  the  weakness  or  falsity. 
Fail.     To  miss  the  mark .  prove  defective. 
Give  one  a  set  down.     To  check;  repulse. 
Have.     To  own,   possess. 

Have  on  the  hip.     To  have  the  advantage  over,  as  in  Wrestling. 
Invalidate.     To  render  null  or  void. 
Negative.     To  deny:  gainsay. 

Not  leave  a  leg  to  stand  on.     To  defeat  in  an  argument. 
Overthrow.     To  upset,  defeat. 
Overturn.     Todestroy.  cause  to  fall. 
Parry.     To  ward  off,  check. 
Put  to  silence.     To  shut  up;  cause  to  keep  quiet. 
Rebut.     To  beat  back,  repel. 

Redargue.     To  overcome  by  argument  or  proof.     See  Noun* 
Reduce  to  silence.     To  quiet. 
Refute.     To  dispute,  disprove. 
Scatter  to  the  winds.     To  shatter,  rout. 
Show  one's  weak  point.     To  expose  the  fallacy,  the  inconsistency  ot 

an  argument. 
Show  the  fallacy  of.     To  prove  the  premises  false  or  insufficient 
Shut  up.     To  quiet,  silence. 
Silence.     To  overwhelm,  shut  up. 
Stop  the  mouth.     To  put  to  silence,  quiet. 

Disproof — Adjectives. 

Capable  of  refutation.     Able  to  be  refuted,  or  to  be  replied  to. 
Condemned  on  one's  showing.     Proved  guilty  by  one's  own  admis 

si  on. 
Condemned  out  of  one's  mouth.     Condemned  by  one's  own  evidence; 
Confutable.     Capable  of  being  shown  false. 
Confuted.     Replied  to;  answered. 
Confuting,     Opposing  in  argument. 
Reconfutable.     Able  to  be  overcome  in  argument. 

Disproof — Phrases. 
Cadit  qucestio\\,.\.     The  question  fails,  there  is  no  further  question. 
It  does  not  hold  water.     Unsound  ,  can't  be  depended  on. 
Suo  sibi  gladio  hunc  jugula  [L.].     Fight  him  with  his  own  weapons. 
The  argument  falls  to  the  ground. 


PROOF— Phrases— Continued. 
That  which  was  to  be  demonstrated;  quod  erat  demonstrate 


0.  E.  D 

dum. 
There  is  nothing  more  to  be  said. 


PROP. 


823 


PROPERTY. 


prop.  Support.  Connective,  Obstruction-Help, 
Suspension-Support. 

pro"-pae-deu'-tics.  Preliminary  knowledge.  Educa- 
tion-Misteaching. 

prop'-a-ga-ble.  Capable  of  being  spread.  Fertility- 
Sterility. 

prop"-a-gan'-da.  An  institution  for  propagating  a 
doctrine  or  system.  Education  -  Misteaching, 
Faith-Misgiving,  School. 

prop"-a-gan'-dism .  Art  or  system  of  propagating 
tenets  or  principles.     Education-Misteaching. 

prop"-a-gan'-dist.  One  who  zealously  propagates  any 
doctrine.     Instructor-Pupil,  Ministry-Laity. 

prop'-a-gate.  Beget;  promulgate.  Creation-De- 
struction, Publicity. 

prop"-a-ga'-tion.     Diffusion.     Fertility-Sterility. 

pro-pel'.  Drive  forward.  Motive-Caprice,  Move- 
ment-Rest, Push-Pull. 

propelled'.     Urged  forward.     Push-Pull. 

pro-pel'-ling.     Urging  forward.     Push-Pull. 

pro-pend'.  Incline  towards.  Readiness-Reluc- 
tance. 

pro-pend'-en-cy.  Propensity.  Affections,  Prede- 
termination-Impulse. 

pro-pense'.  Having  a  propensity.  Readiness-Re- 
luctance. 

pro-pen'- sion.     A  mental  tendency.     Affections. 

pro-pen'-si-ty.  Proclivity.  Affections,  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Inclination. 

pro-pen'-sed-ness.     Proclivity.     Affections. 

prop'-er.  Specially  suited;  of  becoming  appearance. 
Beauty-Ugliness,  Dueness-Undueness,  Propri- 
ety-Impropriety, Universality  -  Particularity; 
in  its  proper  place,  Regularity-Irregularity; 
proper  name,  Name-Misnomer;  proper  time,  Oppor- 
tuneness-Unsuitableness;  show  a  proper  spirit, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty;  the  proper  thing,  Duty- 
Dereliction. 

prop'-er-ties,  the-at'-ri-cal.  Stage  requisites.  Acting, 
Drkss-Undrf.ss. 

prop'-er-ty.  Anything  that  may  be  owned.  Afflu- 
ence-Penury, Might-Impotence,  Property. 

PROPERTY. 

Absolute  interest.     Ownership  without  limitation  or  condition. 

Acquest.     Property  acquired  otherwise  than  by  inheritance. 

Acres.     Land. 

Alimony.  An  allowance  made  to  a  wife  out  of  her  husband  s  estate, 
upon  her  divorce  or  legal  separation  from  him. 

Allodium.  Land  which  is  the  absolute  property  of  the  owner.  See 
Liberty. 

Appanage.  The  portion  of  land  assigned  by  a  sovereign  prince  for 
the  support  of  his  younger  sons. 

Appurtenances .     Things  annexed  to  other  things  more  worthy. 

Assets.  Property  of  a  deceased  person  or  debtor,  subject  by  law  to 
the  payment  of  his  debts. 

Bag  and  baggage.     All  that  belongs  to  one. 

Baggage.  The  articles  which  a  traveler  carries  with  him  on  a  jour- 
ney. 

Barony,     The  domain  of  a  baron. 

Belongings.     Goods  or  effects. 

Beneficial  interest.  The  right  of  receiving,  or  entitled  to  have  the  ad- 
vantage, use  or  benefit. 

Benefit.     Whatever  promotes  prosperity,  or  adds  value  to  property. 

Cargo.     The  freight  of  a  ship. 

Chattels.  An  item  of  movable  or  immovable  property  except  the 
freehold. 

Chattels  real.  The  rights  in  land  that  are  less  than  a  freehold,  as 
leases,  mortgages,  etc. 

Chose  in  action.  A  right  to  personal  property  not  in  possession  but 
obtainable  by  action. 

Circumstances.      State  of  property. 

Claim.  A  title  to  any  debt,  privilege,  or  other  thing  in  possession  of 
another. 

Contingent  interest.  A  right  in  anything  dependent  upon  something 
that  may  or  may  not  occur. 

.Copyhold.     A  tenure  of  estate  by  copy  of  court-roll. 


Copyright.     The  right  of  an  author  to  print  and  publish  his  works, 

exclusive  of  all  other  persons. 
Corporeal  hereditaments.    Inherited  property  which  may  be  seen  and 

handled;  land. 
Credit.     Trust  given  or  received.     See  Credit. 

Debt.     That  which  is  due  from  one  person  to  another.     See  Credit- 
Debt. 
Demand.     The  right  or  title  in  virtue  of  which  anything  may  be 

claimed. 
Demesne.     A  lord's  chief  manor  place,  with  the  lands  belonging 

thereto. 
Dependency.     A  territory  subject  to  a  kingdom  or  state. 
Domain.     The  territory  over  which  dominion  or  authority  is  exerted. 
Dower.     The  property  with  which  a  woman  is  endowed. 
Dowry.     That  part  of  the  real  estate  of  a  man  which  a  widow  enjoys 

during  her  life. 
Easement.     A  liberty,  privilege,  or  advantage,  which  one  proprietor 

has  in  the  estate  of  another  proprietor,  distinct  from  the  ownership 

of  the  soil. 
Effects.     Goods;  personal  estate. 
Empire.     The  dominion  of  an  emperor. 
Equipage.     Furniture  or  outfit.     See  Instrument. 
Equitable  estate.    An  estate  that  can  be  sustained  or  made  available 

in  a  court  of  equity. 
Equitable  interest.     A  right  in  anything  that  may  be  made  effective 

in  a  court  of  equity. 
Estates ,     Property  which  a  person  possesses. 
Estates  and  effects.     Real  and  personal  property. 
Estates  for  life.     Interest  or  ownership  in  real  estate  for  life. 
Estates  for  years .     Ownership  of  property  for  a  term  of  years. 
Estates  in  fee.     Land  held  in  consideration  of  some  service  rendered 

to  the  lord. 
Estates  in  tail.     An  estate  limited  to  particular  heirs. 
Estates  in  tail  female.    Estates  of  inheritance  limited  to  female  heirs. 
Estates  in  tail  general.     Estates  of  inheritance  not  limited  to  par- 
ticular heirs. 
Estates  in  tail  male.     Estates  of  inheritance  limited  to  male  heirs. 
Estates  par  auter  vie.  Right  or  ownership  of  property  during  the  life 

of  another  person. 
Estates  tail .     Estates  limited  to  certain  heirs. 
Expectancy      An  estate,  the  possession  of  which  a  person  is  entitled 

to  have  at  some  future  time. 
Farm.     The  land  held  under  lease  and  by  payment  of  rent. 
Fee  simple.     Ownership  without  conditions  or  limits. 
Fee  tail.     An  estate  of  inheritance  limited  to  particular  heirs. 
Feoff.     A  fief. 
Feud.     A  fief. 

Fief.     An  estate  held  of  a  superior  on  condition  of  military  service. 
Fixtures.     Anything  of  an  accessory  character  annexed  to  houses  and 

lands. 
Freehold .     An  estate  in  real  property,  of  inheritance,  or  for  lite. 
Goods .     Personal  property. 

Ground.     A  portion  of  territory.     See  Ocean-Land. 
Hacienda  [Sp.].     A  productive  landed  estate. 

Heirloom.     Any  furniture,  or  personal  chattel,  which,  by  law,  de- 
scends to  the  heir  along  with  the  inheritance. 
Hereditaments.     Any  species  of  property  that  may  be  inherited. 
Heritage .     That  which  is  inherited. 
Holding.     A  farm  or  ether  estate  held  of  another. 
Honor.     A  lordship  held  of  the  king. 
Impedimenta.     Baggage. 
Income,     The  gain  which  proceeds  from  labor,  business,  property,  or 

capital.     See  Outlay-Income. 
Incorporeal  hereditaments.     Inheritable  property  that  is  incapable  ot 

actual  visible  seizin  or  possession. 
Inheritance.     That  which  may  be  inherited. 
Interest.     Participation  in  advantage  or  profit. 
Jointure.     An  estate  settled  on  a  wife,  which  she  is  to  enjoy  after  hei 

husband  s  decease,  for  her  own  life  at  least,  in  satisfaction  of  dower. 
Kingdom.     The  territory  governed  by  a  king. 
Lading.     That  which  constitutes  a  load  or  cargo. 
Land,  j  Any  portion  of  the  earth's  surface  considered  as  belonging  to 
Lands.)       an  individual,  etc. 
Landed  estate.    An  estate  in  lands. 
Landed  property.     Ownership  of  land. 

Lease.     Tenure  of  lands  for  a  specified  time  for  rent  or  compensation. 
Leasehold.     A  tenure  by  lease. 

Legacy.     A  gift  of  property  by  will.     See  Giving-Receiving. 
Legal  estate.     An  estate  held  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of  law. 
Limitation.     A  settling  of  an  estate  or  property  by  specific  rules. 
Luggage.     Baggage. 

Manor.     The  land  belonging  to  a  lord  or  nobleman,  as  his  residence* 
Means.     Property,  revenue,  or  the  like. 
Mtumettuum  [L.J.     Mine  and  thine. 


I 


PROPERTY. 


824 


PROPHECV. 


feroney.     The  medium  of  exchange.     See  Money. 

Movables.     Personal  property. 

Ownership.     The  right  to  own. 

Paramount  estate.     A  right  in  an  estate  superior  to  all  other  claims. 

Paraphernalia.     Something  reserved  to  a  wife,  over  and  above  her 

dower. 
Parcels.     A  part  or  portion,  as  of  land. 
Particular  estate.     An  estate  claimed  from  some  particular  charge  or 

claim  growing  out  of  the  estate. 
Patent.     A  writing  securing  to  an  inventor  the  exclusive  right  in  his 

invention. 
Patrimony.     A  right  or  estate  inherited  from  one's  father. 
Pelf.     Money;  riches. 
Personal  effects,    "j 

Personal  estates.     /-Movables;  chattels. 
Personal  property.  J 
Personalty.     Personal  property. 
Plant.     The  whole  machinery  and  apparatus  employed  in  carrying 

on  a  trade. 
Plantation.     Land  under  cultivation. 
Possession,     The  having,  holding,  or  detention  of  property  in  one's 

power. 
Possibility.     A  contingent  interest  in  property. 
Principality.     The  domain  of  a  prince. 

Property.     Anything  that  a  man  may  legally  possess  and  hold. 
Proprietorship.     Ownership. 
Rattletraps.     A  machine  or  vehicle. 
Real  estate.     Lands,  tenements,  and  hereditaments. 
Realm.     A  royal  domain. 
Real  property.  |  Realestate 
Realty.  J 

Remainder.     An  estate  in  expectancy  which  becomes  an  estate  in 
i      possession  upon  the  determination  of  a  particular  prior  estate. 
Rent-roll.     A  rental. 
Resources.     Funds;  money. 

Reversion.     The  returning  of  an  estate  to  the  grantor  or  his  heirs. 
Right.     That  which  one  has  a  legal  claim  to. 
Right  of  common.     The  right  of  feeding  beasts  on  land  belonging  to 

the  community. 
Right  of  user.     The  right  to  the  benefit  and  profit  of  lands. 
Ssigniority.     The  dominion  of  a  lord. 
Seizin.     Possession  of  an  estate  or  freehold. 

Settlement.     A  disposition  of  property  for  the  benefit  of  some  person. 
Stake.     That  which  is  laid  down  as  a  wager. 
State.     The  territory  of  a  body  politic. 

_      «  ".        '  «     >  Monev  or  capital  which  is  employed  in  trade. 

Stock  in  trade.)  ' 

Strict  settlement.     A  settlement  of  an  estate  to  particular  persons. 

Suumcuique  [L.].     Each  one  his  own. 

Tenements.     Any  species  of  permanent  property.       i 

Tenure.     The  right  of  holding,  as  property. 

Term.     The  limitation  of  an  estate. 

Territory.     A  large  extent  or  tract  of  land. 

Things.     Clothes;  furniture,  etc. 

Title.     That  which  is  the  foundation  of  ownership  of  property. 

Toft.     A  place  where  a  messuage  has  ortce  stood. 

Traps.     Equipments. 

Trust.     Deliverance  of  property  upon  promise  of  future  payment. 

Use.     The  benefit  or  profit  of  lands  and  tenements. 

Vested  interest.     A  right  in  anything  which  does  not  depend  on  a 

contingency. 
Wealth.     Large  possessions.     See  Appluence. 
What  one  is  worth.     Extent  of  one's  wealth. 
What  one  will  cut  up  for.     Value  of  one  s  possessions. 
Zemindary.     The  land  possessed  by  a  zemindar,  or  an  Indian  lord. 

Property — Verbs. 

Appertain  to.     To  belong  to  by  any  means. 

Belong  to.     To  be  one's  property. 

Be  one's  property.     To  own.     See  Nouns. 

Be  the  possessor  of.     To  have  in  one's  power.     See  Holder. 

Come  in  for.     To  fall  heir  to. 

Have  for  onejs  own.  }  To  hold  legally. 

Have  for  ones  very  own.  > 

Inherit.     To  receive  by  descent  from  an  ancestor. 

Own.     To  have  legal  title  to. 

Pertain  to.     To  belong  to. 

Possess.     To  have  ownership,   have  the  right  of  property  in  actual 

exercise.     See  Holding. 
Savor  of  the  realty.     To  manifest  the  characteristics  of  a  realty. 

Property — Adjectives 
Allodial.     Pertaining  to  the  absolute  ownership  of  land  in  distinction 
from  feudal  lands. 


Copyhold.     Pertaining  to  tenure  of  land  held  by  copy  of  court-roll. 

Feodal.     Same  as  feudal. 

Feudal.     Relating  to  a  fee  or  feud. 

Freehold.     Held  by  a  full  legal  tenure. 

Landed.     Consisting  of  real  estate  or  land. 

Manorial.     Pertaining  to  a  manor. 

One's  own.     Belonging  to  one. 

Predial.     Consisting  of  lands ,  belonging  to  real  estate. 

Property — Adverbs,  etc.  s 

To  one  and  his  executors,  administrators,  and  assigns. 
To  one  and  his  heirs  and  assigns. 
To  one  and  his  heirs  forever. 
To  one  and  the  heirs  of  his  body. 
To  one's  account. ) 

To  one's  credit.      >To  one's  credit  or  advantage. 
To  the  good.  ) 

prop'-er-ty-man".     A  person  who  has  charge  of  port- 
able articles  used  in  plays.     Acting. 
proph'-e-cy.     A  prediction.     Prophecy. 

PROPHECY. 

Abodement.  I    .  ,       ,      ,. 

Aboding.       )         omen  or  forebodin£- 

Announcement.     A  publishing  of  something  that  is  to  come. 

Ariolation.     A  soothsaying. 

Auguration.     The  practise  of  augury. 

Augury.     Foretelling  events  by  flights  of  birds,  etc. 

Auspices.     Favoring  omens,  or  influence 

Bodement.     A  prediction. 

Divination.     The  act  of  divining ;  foreseeing  future  events 

Foreboding.     Anticipation  or  expectation  of  evil. 

Forecast.     A  previous  determination  of  an  event. 

Fortune-telling.  The  act  of  forecasting  the  future  events  in  the  life  of 
others. 

Hariolation.     Soothsaying. 

Horoscope.  The  representation  of  the  heavens  at  time  of  birth  by 
which  astrologers  essay  to  foretell  the  events  of  the  life. 

Nativity.  Representation  of  the  positions  of  the  heavenly  bodies  at 
birth,  used  as  a  means  to  determine  future  events.. 

Necromancy.  Art  of  foretelling  future  events  by  communication 
with  the  dead.     See  Devotion-Magic. 

Omen.     A  prophetic  indication  of  the  future      See  Portent 

Omination.     A  foreboding. 

Ominousness.     State  of  being  ominous  or  foreboding  evil. 

Ornithomancy.     Divination  by  the  flight  of  birds. 

Prediction.     Act  of  making  known  beforehand ;  a  prophecy. 

Prefigufation.     The  act  of  announcing  by  antecedent  signs. 

Prefigurement.     Act  of  prefiguring;  pre  figuration. 

Premonition.     A  warning  of  something  to  come.    See  Warning. 

Premonstration.     A  foreshadowing. 

Prognosis.  Any  prediction,  especially  in  respect  to  the  future  course 
and  end  of  a  disease. 

Prognostication.     The  act  of  foretelling;  that  which  predicts. 

Program.  A  plan  announcing  a  course  of  proceedings.  See  De- 
sign. 

Prophecy.     The  foretelling  of  future  events  through  divine  help. 

Sooth.     Augury;  truth. 

Soothsaying.     The  foretelling  of  events ;  truth-telling. 

Vaticination.     Prophecy. 

Prophecy — Denotations. 
Prototype.     A  general  design  to  which  subsequent  forms  are  traeod. 
Type.     An  example,  model,  or  pattern. 

Prophecy — Noun  of  Place. 
Adytum.     The  inner  shrine  where  oracles  are  delivered. 

Prophecy — Scientific  Nouns. 
Astrology.     The  science  or  art  of  judging  future  events  by  the  stars. 
Horoscopy.     The  art  of  casting  horoscopes. 
Judicial  astrology.     The  doctrine  of  the  influence  of  the  stars  upon 

events 
Mantology .     The  art  of  divination. 

Prophecy — Forms  of  Divination. 
Aeromancy.     Divination  by  atmospheric  appearances. 
Alectoromancy.1  Divination  by  the  order  in  which  a  cock  picks  up. 
Alectryomancy. '       grain  covering  letters  traced  in  the  ground. 

AlXt°omaanncyy.}  Divin^ion  by™a> 

Anthropomancy.      Divination  by  the  entrails  of  a  human  sacrifice. 

Anthroposcopy.      Divination  by  the  features. 


\ 


PROPHECY. 


825 


PROPORTION. 


Arithmancy.     Divination  by  numbers. 

Aruspicy.     Haruspicy. 

Austromancy.     Divination  by  winds. 

Axinomancy.      Divination  by  a  balanced  hatchet. 

Belomancy.      Divination  by  arrows. 

Bibliomancy.     D'vination  by  the  Bible. 

Bletonism.     The  gift  of  being  able  to  find  subterranean  springs  by 

sensation. 
Botanomancy.      D  vination  by  herbs. 
Capnomancy.      Divination  by  the  rising  of  smoke. 
Catopromancy.      Divination  by  mirrors. 

Ceromancy.      Divination  by  dropping  melted  wax  into  watei 
Chaomancy.     Aeromancy. 
Chiromancy.      Divination  by  the  hand. 
Cleromancy.      Divinat  on  by  dice. 
Coscinomancy.      Divination  by  a  balanced  sieve. 
Cristal'.omantia.      Divination  by  spirits  seen  in  a  magic  lens. 
Crithomaocy.      Divination  by  dough  of  cakes. 
Dactyliomancy.      Divination  by  a  finger-ring. 
Gastromancy.      Div'nation  by  ventriloquism. 
Geloscopy.      Divination  by  the  laugh. 
Genethliacs.      Divination  by  the  stars  at  birth. 
Geomancy.      Divination  by  dots  made  at  random  on  paper. 
Gyromancy.      Divination  by  walking  in  a  circle. 
Halomancy.      Divination  by  salt. 

Hieromancv  V  Divination  by  the  appearance  of  the  entrails  of  sacri- 

Hieroscopy.    J       fices' 

Hydromancy.      Divination  by  water. 

Ichthyomancy.      Divination  by  the  entrails  of  fishes. 

Lithomancy.      Divination  by  precious  stones. 

Meteoromancy.      Divination  by  meteors. 

Myomancy.      Divination  by  mice. 

Nomancy.     Divination  by  the  letters  forming  the  name  of  the  person. 

Oneiromancy.      Divination  by  dreams. 

Onomancy.      Nomancy. 

Onychomancy.      Divination  by  nails  reflecting  the  sun's  rays. 

Ophiomancy.      Divination  by  fishes. 

Orniscopy.         j  Divination  by  birds. 

Ormthomancy.) 

Palmistry.     See  Chiromancy. 

Pegomancy.      Divination  by  fountains. 

Pessomancy.      Divination  by  pebbles. 

Psephomancy.      Divination  by  pebbles  drawn  from  a  heap. 

Psychomancy.      Divination  by  ghosts. 

Pyromancy.      Divination  by  sacrificial  fire. 

Rhabdomancy.     Divination  by  a  wand. 

Sciomancy.      Divination  by  departed  spirits. 

Sideromancy.      Divination  by  red-hot  iron. 

Sortilege.     Divination  by  drawing  lots. 

Stichomancy.      Divination  by  passages  in  books. 

Tephramancy .      Divination  by  writings  in  ashes. 

Theomancy,      Divination  by  oracles. 

Prophecy — Verbs. 

Abode.     To  foreshadow. 
Advise.     To  announce ;  give  counsel. 
Announce.     To  declare  what  is  to  come. 

Augur.     To  predict  by  signs  and  omens,  as  the  flight  of  birds. 
Augurate.     To  take  auguries. 

Be  the  precursor.     To  be  the  forerunner  or  announcer.     See  Prede- 
cessor. 
Betoken.     To  give  a  promise  or  sign  of. 
Bid  fair.     To  give  promise  of. 
Bode.     To  have  a  sign  of;  presage. 

Cast  a  nativity!"*  )  To  calculate  a  horoscope  or  nativity. 

Divine.     To  foresee ;  presage. 

Excite  expectation.  \  ™     ,  . 

Excite  hope.  1  To  show  a  good  omen* 

Forebode.     To  presage;  have  a  premonition  of. 

Foretell.     To  declare  beforehand. 

Foretoken.     To  betoken. 

Forewarn.     To  admonish  beforehand.     See  Warning. 

Herald.     To  announce  as  a  herald. 

Hold  out  expectation. "j 

Hold  out  hope,  f  To  have  a  favorable  omen  or  prospect. 

Lead  one  to  expect.     ) 

Lower.     To  be  threatening. 

Ominate.     To  foreshadow ;  presage. 

Point  to.     To  indicate. 

Predict.     To  make  an  event  known  before  it  happens. 

Prefigure.     To  show  by  antecedent  signs. 

Premise.     To  make  an  antecedent  statement. 


Presage.      To  indicate  by  a  present  fact  what  is  to  follow. 

Preshadow.     To  foreshadow. 

Preshow.     To  foreshow. 

Prognosticate.     To  prophesy  from  present  events. 

Promise.    To  give  assurance  of;  engage  to  do  something  in  the  future-. 

Prophesy.     To  speak  in  the  place  of  God ;  foretell. 

Protypify.     To  foreshow  by  an  image  or  type. 

Raise  expectation.)  ™     «  ,         .  I 

Raise  hope.  J  To  show  SIgns  of  good  omen' 

Shadow  forth.     To  signify  beforehand. 

Signify.     To  make  known  by  any  process. 

Soothsay.     To  foretell. 

Tell  fortunes.     To  foretell  the  acts  or  course  of  one's  life. 

Typify.     To  represent  by  a  type ;  signify. 

Usher  in.     To  announce  or  introduce  as  by  an  usher. 

.Vaticinate.     To  foretell. 

Prophecy — Adjectives, 

Augurial.     Pertaining  to  auguries. 

Augurous.     Full  of  augury. 

Auspicial.     Of  or  pertaining  to  auspices. 

Auspicious.     Promising  success  from  certain  signs. 

Big  with  the  fate  of.     Showing  many  signs. 

Eztispicious.     Relating  to  the  inspection  of  entrails. 

Fatidical.     Having  power  to  foretell  future  events. 

Monitory.     Conveying  warnings. 

Ominous.     Full  of  omens. 

Oracular.     Pertaining  to  oracles;  prophetic. 

Portentous.     Full  of  portents  or  strange  happenings. 

Predicting.     Foretelling.     See  Verbs. 

Predictive.     Foretelling;  foreboding. 

Pregnant.     Full  of  consequence,  implying  more  than  is  expressed. 

Premonitory.     Containing  premonitions. 

Prescious.     Foreknowing. 

Prophetic.     Pertaining  to  prophecy. 

Sibylline.     Pertaining  to  the  Sibyl ;  prophetic. 

Significant  of.     Expressive  of  something  beyond  the  external  mark 

or  sign. 
Vaticinal.     Prophetic. 
Weather-wise.     Skillful  in  predicting  the  state  of  the  weather. 

Prophecy — Phrases. 

"Coming  events  cast  their  shadows  before."     [Campbell  Lochiel.] 
Dicamus  bona  verba  (L.].     Let  us  speak  words  of  good  omen. 

proph'Te-sy.     To  predict.     Prophecy. 

proph'-et.  One  who  speaks  as  the  inspired  representa- 
tive of  a  divine  being.  Ministry-Laity,  Sooth- 
i  sayer;  false  prophets,  Revelation-Pseudorevela- 
tion  ;  in  the  name  of  the  Prophet — figs  I  Adage- 
Nonsense. 

pro-phet'-ic.  Predictive.  Prophecy,  Revelation- 
Pseudorevelation. 

Prophets,  the.  The  Old  Testament  books  written  by 
the  prophets.     Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

pro"-phy-lac"-tic.  Preventive.  Conservation, 

Healthiness-Unhealthiness,  Obstruction-Help, 
Remedy-Bane. 

pro"-phy-lax'-is.  Preservative  treatment  for  disease. 
Conservation. 

pro-pin'-qui-ty.  Local  nearness.  Remoteness-Near- 
ness. 

pro-pi'- ti-ate.  Appease;  conciliate.  Atonement, 
Compassion  -  Ruthlessness,  Contentedness  -  Dis- 
contentment, Devotion-Idolatry,  Divinity,  Ex- 
citability -  Inexcitability,  Fighting  -  Concilia- 
tion, Love-Hate,  Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

pro-pi"-ti-a'-tion.  Reconciliation.  Atonement, 

Divinity. 

prc-pi'-ti-a-to"-ry.     Conciliatory.     Atonement. 

pro-pi '-tious.  Gracious;  favorable.  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Obstruction- Help,  Opportuneness -Un- 
suitableness,  Pardon-Vindictiveness,  Sanguine- 
ness-Hopelessness,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

pro'-plasm.     A  matrix  or  mold.     Copy-Model. 

pro-por'-tion.  Share;  comparative  relation;  equality 
of  ratios.  Assignment,  Connection-Independ- 
ence, Number,  Proportion-Deformity. 


PROPORTION. 


826 


PROPRIETY. 


PROPORTION— DEFORMITY. 


Arborescence.     Having  the  quality  of  branching  like  a  tree. 
Beauty.     The  perfection  of  form  or  shaping.     See  Beauty. 
Bilateral  symmetry.     Symmetry  of  bilateral  bodies  or  figures. 
Branching.     Division  into  parts  or  branches. 
Centrality.     State  of  being  central. 
Eurythmy.      Harmony  and  just  proportion. 
Finish.     That  which  completes  or  perfects. 

Multilateral  symmetry.     Symmetry  of  many-sided  figures  or  bodies. 
Parallelism.     Essential  likeness. 

Proportion.     The  relation  or  adaptation  of  one  portion  to  another. 
Ramification.     Process  of  branching. 

Shapeliness.     Quality  of  being  well  proportioned  in  form. 
Symmetry.     Quality  of  having  the  parts  or  elements  balanced;  rela- 
tive proportion. 
Trilateral  symmetry.     Symmetry  of  bodies  having  three  sides. 
Uniformity.     Quality  of  being  the  same  at  all  times,  etc. 

Proportion — Adjectives. 

Arborescent.     Resembling  a  tree. 

Arboriform.      Having  the  form  of  a  tree. 

Balanced.      Well  proportioned;  applied  to  the  mind. 

Beautiful.     Perfect  in  form  or  shaping.     See  Beauty. 

Branching.     Having  branches  or  parts. 

Chaste.     Pure  from  unlawful  sexual  intercourse,  or  from  obscenity. 

Classic.       Pertaining  to  or  like  the  productions  of  ancient  Greece  and 

Rome. 
Coextensive.      Having  equal  extent. 
Dendriform.      Having  the  appearance  of  a  tree. 
Dendroid.     Resembling  a  tree  or  shrub. 
Equal.     Of  just  proportion  and  relation.     See  Equality. 
Finished.     Completed;  perfected. 
Parallel.     Essentially  alike. 
Ramose.  |  FuUofbranches 
Ramous.J 

Regular.     Conforming  to  the  usual  rule. 
Severe.     Exactly  conforming  to  a  standard. 
Shapely.     Well  proportioned  in  form. 

Symmetrical.      Having  the  parts  balanced;  relatively  proportioned. 
Uniform.     The  same  throughout. 
Well-set.     Having  good  symmetry  of  parts. 
Well-shaped.      Having  good  form  or  proportion. 


DEFORMITY — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Misshapen.     Badly  shapen. 

Not  straight .     Crooked . 

Not  true.     Not  precisely  right  or  accurately  adjusted. 

On  one  side.     Obliquely  set. 

Out  of  shape.      Deformed. 

Round-shouldered.      Having  an  unnatural  turn  of  the  shoulders. 

Scalene.     Having  no  two  sides  equal:  said  of  triangles. 

Snub-nosed.      Having  a  short  and  slightly  turned-up  nose. 

Splay-footed.     Having  the  foot  turned  outward. 

Stumpy.     Short  and  thick. 

Taliped.     Club-footed. 

Unsymmetric.     Misshapen. 

Wry.     Bent  to  one  side ;  distorted, 

Depormity — Adverb. 
All  manner  of  ways.     Without  order  or  regularity. 


Anamorphosis.     A   distorted    representation,   so   made   that   whea 

viewed  from  a  certain  point  it  appears  regular. 
Contortion.     Partial  displacement  of  a  limb  by  twisting. 
Crookedness.     The  quality  of  having  angles  and  curves  in  it. 
Deformity.     Lack  of  beauty,  harmony,  or  symmetry. 

Distortion  i  ^  twisting  or  forcing  out  of  shape. 

Harelip.     A  lip  having  a  fissure  like  that  of  a  hare. 

Grimace.     A  distortion  of  the  features. 

Malconformatton.      An  irregularity  in  the  general  structure. 

Malformation.     An  irregularity  in  the  formation  or  correlation  of 

parts. 
Mispro portion.     Lack  of  due  proportion. 
Monstrosity.     Anything  greatly  unnatural  in  form  or  size. 
Teratology.     Science  of  vegetable  or  animal  monstrosities. 
Twist.     A  distortion  resembling  the  curves  in  a  rope 
Ugliness.     Offensiveness  of  aspect. 
Want  of  symmetry.     Lack  of  perfect  form. 

Deformity — Verbs. 

Contort.     To  displace  partially  by  twisting;  writhe  unnaturally. 

Deform.     To  mar  or  distort  the  form. 

Distort.     To  twist  or  force  out  of  shape ;  strain  the  meaning. 

Make  faces.     To  distort  the  features. 

Misshape.     To  shape  ill. 

Twist.     To  turn  as  if  making  a  rope. 

Warp.     To  turn  out  of  shape  by  contraction,  heat,  etc. 

Wrest.     To  pull  or  force  away  by  violent  twisting. 

Writhe.     To  twist  the  body,  face,  etc.,  as  in  pain  or  agony. 

Deformity — Adjectives. 

Askew.     Obliquely. 
Awry.     Turned  to  one  side. 

Bandy-legged.l  Crooked  onward  at  the  knees. 

Bloated.     Morbidly  enlarged. 

Bow-leeeed  /  Having  the  legs  bent  in  an  outward  curve. 

Bunchbacked.     Having  a  bunch  on  the  back;  crooked -backed. 

Club-footed.     Having  a  congenital  distortion  of  the  feet. 

Crooked.     Considerably  bent. 

Crooked  as  a  rainbow.     Having  a  long  curve  or  bend. 

Crooked-backed.     Stooped. 

Crump.     Crooked. 

Curtailed  of  one's  fair  proportions.     Deformed. 

Deformed.     Marred  or  distorted  in  form. 

Distorted,  etc.     Twisted  out  of  shape.     See  Verbs. 

Gaunt.     Lean,  as  with  fasting  or  suffering. 

Grotesque.     Ludicrously  misshapen. 

Humpbacked.  \  «      .     .  .      ,     , 

Hunchbacked./  Crooked-backed. 

Ill-made.     Not  well  made. 

Ill-proportioned.     Not  well  proportioned. 

Irregular.     Not  consistent  throughout ;  not  according  to  the  usual 

rule. 
Knock-kneed.     Having  the  legs  bent  inward  at  the  knees. 
Misbegotten.     Irregularly  or  unlawfully  begotten. 
Misproportioned.     Badly  proportioned. 

(Continued  on  Column  i .) 


pro-por'-tion-a-ble.     Duly  proportioned.     Number. 

pro-por'-tion-al.     Duly  proportioned.     Number. 

pro-por'-tion-ate.  Being  in  proportion.  Harmony- 
Discord. 

pro-por'-tions.  Relative  magnitudes.  Extension- 
District,  Greatness-Littleness. 

pro-po'-sal.  Offer.  Design,  Proffer-Refusal, 
Purpose-Luck. 

pro-pose'.  Offer  for  consideration;  purpose;  offer 
oneself  in  marriage.  Assertion  -  Denial,  Bland- 
ishment, Hypothesis,  Proffer-Refusal,  Purpose- 
Luck;  propose  a  question,  Investigation-Answer. 

pro-posed'.     Purposed.     Investigation-Answer. 

prop"-o-si'-tion.  Thing  proposed;  statement  of  a 
truth   to  be  demonstrated.        Conception-Theme, 


Design,  Hypothesis,  Proffer-Refusal,  Ratioci- 
nation-Instinct. 

pro-pound'.  Offer  for  consideration.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Hypothesis;  propound  a  question,  Inves- 
tigation-Answer. 

propria  personA,  in  [L.]  (pro'-pri-a  per-so'-na,  in).  In 
one's  own  person.  Presence-Absence,  Univer- 
sality-Particularity. 

pro-pri'-et-a-ry.     Owner.     Holder. 

pro-pri'-et-or.  One  having  a  legal  right  to  anything. 
Holder. 

pro-pri'-et-or-ship.     Ownership.     Property. 

pro-pri'-et-y.  Fitness;  suitableness.  Duty-Derelic- 
tion, Harmony-Discord,  Propriety-Impropriety, 
Right-Wrong,  Society-Ludicrousness. 


PROPRIETY. 


827 


PROSING. 


PROPRIETY- 

Desirability.    j  Thg  gtate  Qr  quahty  of  ^.^^  pieasing  or  agreeable. 

xpe  lence.  [  ^e  quai;tv  Qf  being  personally  advantageous. 

Fitness.     Appropriateness  in  every  way.     See  Harmony 
High  tims.     The  extreme  limit  of  time. 
Propriety.     Conformity  to  custom. 
Utility.     The  ability  to  be  useful. 

Propriety — Verbs. 
Befit.      To  be  becoming  to. 

Conform.     To  measure  up  to  a  certain  standard. 
Suit.      To  agree  to  our  ideas  of  things. 

Propriety — Verbal  Expressions. 
Be  expedient:    befit  the  occasion;    befit  the  season;    befit  the  time; 
suit  the  occasion;  suit  the  season;  suit  the  time. 

Propriety — Adjectives. 

Acceptable.     Worthy  of  being  accepted. 
Advisable.     Agreeing  with  good  sense 
Applicable.     Suitable  for  use.     See  Usefulness. 

Becoming. |  s  it  ble  t0  the  psrs0n.  occasion,  etc. 

Befitting     > 

Convenient.      Requiring  the  loss  of  no  time,  effort,  etc. 

Desirable       To  be  wished  for 

Due.     Rightly  claimed. 

Eligible.     Worthy  of  being  chosen. 

Expedient.     Personally  advantageous. 

Fit  \ 

Fitting.)  R^ht  and  proper. 

In  loco  [L  ]      In  place. 

Meet      Fit. 

Opportune.     Coming  at  the  proper  time 

Proper.     Conforming  to  usage. 

Seemly.     To  be  in  taste. 

Suitable.     Agreeable  to  our  notions.     See  Harmony. 

Worth  while.     Advantageous. 

Propriety — Adverbs,  etc. 
Conveniently.     In  a  convenient  manner. 
In  the  right  place .     Suitably. 

Propriety — Phrase. 
•Opera  pretium  est  [h.y      It  pays,  or  is  worth  while. 


-IMPROPRIETY 

Discommodity. 
Impropriety. 


See  Opportunbnbss. 


IMPROPRIETY — Adjectives— Continued  from  Column  a. 

Unsubservient.     Not  servile.     See  Usefulness-Uselessness. 
Unwieldy.      Ponderous. 

Impropriety — -Phrase. 
It  will  never  do. 


The  state  of  not  being  handy  or  suitable. 
Non -conformity  to  present  usage. 

.  ..  '  f  Tl*e  condition  of  not  being  advantageous. 

Inexpediency.' 

Inutility.     Inability  to  be  made  use  of 

Undesirability.     I  Want  of  the  quality  of    desirableness. 

Undesirableness.J       jectives. 

Unfitness.     Lack  of  fitness.     See  Harmony-Discord. 


See  Ad* 


Impropriety — Verbs. 

Embarrass.     To  confuse. 

Be  inexpedient.     To  be  useless.     See  Adjectives. 

Come  amiss.     To  be  useless  or  inconvenient. 

Pay  too  dear  for  one's  whistle.     To  pay  more  than  something  is 

worth,  as  Franklin  did  for  his  whistle. 
Put  to  inconvenience.     To  cause  trouble  to. 

Impropriety — Adjectives. 
Awkward.     Ungainly  in  movement. 
Clumsy.     Lack  of  gracefulness  in  appearance. 
Cumbersome.  I  „      , 
Cumbrous.      I  B««»<='»°"«- 
Disadvantageous.     Not  benefiting. 
Discommodious.     Incommodious. 
Hulky.     Clumsy. 

Ill-advised.     Not  based  on  good  judgment. 
Ill-contrived.     Not  well  contrived. 
Impedient.     Hindering 
Improper.     Not  proper 
Inadmissible.     Not  to  be  admitted. 
Inadvisable.     Not  advisable. 
Inappropriate.     Not  suitable  to  the  time,  etc. 
Inapt.     Not  suited  by  nature 
Incommodious.      Not  convenient. 
Inconvenient.     Causing  annoyance. 
Ineligible.     Not  qualified. 
Inexpedient.     Not  expedient. 
Inopportune.     Happening  at  the  wrong  time. 
In  the  wrong  place.     M  sfitting 
Lumbering.     Moving  as  if  heavily  burdened. 
Mat  enlendu  [F  ]      Ill-advised. 
Objectionable.     Worthy  of  disapproval. 
Out  of  place.     Unsuitable 
Unadvisable.      Not  advisable. 
Undesirable.     Not  to  be  wished  for. 
Unfit.     Not  right  or  proper      See  Harmony-Discord. 
Unmanageable.     Not  easily  directed      See  Difficulty. 
Unnecessary.     Not  necessary      See  Excess. 
Unprofitable.     Not  producing  gain. 
Unsatisfactory.     Not  satisfactory. 
Unseemly.     Not  in  good  taste. 

(.Continued  on  Column  i .) 


propria   motu  \h.]    (pro'-pri-o    mo'-tu).      By    its    own 

motion.     Volition-Obligation. 
propter  hoc  [L  ]  (prop'-ter  hoc).     On  account  of  this. 

Rationale-Luck. 
pro-pugn'.     To  vindicate ;  defend      Attack-Defense, 

Justification-Charge. 
pro"-pug-na'-tion.     Defense.     Attack-Defense. 
pro-pugn'-er.     Defender.     Attack-Defense. 
pro-pul'-sion.     Driving.      Push-Pull. 
pro-pul'-sive.     Driving  on.     Push-Pull. 
prop'-y-lon.    A  monumental  gateway.   Beginning-End. 
prore.     A  prow.     Anteriority-Posteriority. 
pro"-ro-ga'-tion.        Adjournment.        Supremact-Sub- 

ORDINACY. 

pro-rogue'.     To  postpone.     Earliness-Lateness. 
pro-rup'-tion.     A  bursting  out.     Entrance-Exit. 
pro-sa'-ic.  Commonplace. 

Poetry-Prose,    Rhetoric, 

WlTTlNESS-DULNESS. 

pro-sa'  ism.     A  prosaic  manner. 

pro-sce'-ni-um.       Part  of  a  theater.       Acting,  Ante 

R!OR'TY-PoSTERI0RITY. 

pro-scribe'.  To  ostracize.  Charitableness-Curse 
Exculpation  -  Conviction,  Leave  -  Prohibition 
Sociability-Privacy. 


Force-Weakness, 
Sagacity-Incapacity, 

Poetry-Prose. 


pro-scrip'-tion.  Denunciation.  Charitableness- 
Curse,  Exculpation-Conviction,  Leave-Prohi- 
bition, Sociability-Privacy. 

prose.  Not  poetry;  tedious.  Poetry-Prose,  Talk- 
ativeness -  Taciturnity,  Terseness  -  Prolixity; 
prose  run  mad,  Poetry-Prose,  Rhetoric,  Sim- 
plicity-Floridness;  prose-writer,  Poetry- Prose, 
Wittiness-Dulness. 

pros'-e-cute.  To  carry  on;  to  carry  on  a  judicial  pro- 
ceeding. Action  -  Passiveness,  Justification- 
Charge,  Litigation,  Quest-Evasion;  prosecute  an 
inquiry,  Investigation-Answer. 

pros"-e-cu'-tion.     Accusation.     Litigation. 

pros'-e-cu"-tor.  One  who  prosecutes.  Justification- 
Charge. 

pros'-e-lyte.  One  won  over  to  a  different  religion. 
Instructor-Pupil,  Persistency- Apostasy. 

pros'-e-ly"-tism.  The  state  of  a  convert  to  a  religion. 
Education-Miste  aching. 

pro'-ser.  A  dull  writer  or  talker.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Poetry-Prose,  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity. 

pro'-sing.  Tedious.  Force-Weakness,  Terseness- 
Prolixity,  Wittiness-Dulness. 


PROSODY. 


828 


PROVIDED. 


pros'-o-dy.  The  science  of  poetical  forms.  Poetry- 
Prose. 

pros"-o-po-pe'-ia.    Personification.    Rhetoric,  Trope. 

pros'-pect.  To  look  over;  an  outlook;  promise.  Ap- 
pearance-Disappearance, Expectation-Surprise, 
Future-Past,  Likelihood-Unlikelihood,  Occur- 
rence-Destiny, Painting,  Prevision;  good  pros- 
pect, Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  in  prospect, 
Occurrence-Destiny,  Purpose-Luck. 

pro-spec'-tion.    Foresight.    Expectation-Surprise. 

pro-spec'-tive.     Anticipated.     Expectation-Surprise. 

pro-spec'-tive-ly.   Anticipated.    Future-Past. 

pro-spec'-tus.  An  outline  of  a  plan.  Design,  Digest, 
Prevision,  Record. 

pros'-per.  To  succeed.  Success-Failure,  Welfare- 
Misfortune. 

prosperita  i  non  aver  necessita,  vera  [It.]  (pros-per'-i- 
ta  e  non  av'-er  ne-ches'-si-ta,  ve'-ra).  True  wealth  is 
to  have  no  want.    Affluence-Poverty. 

pros-per'-i-ty.  Successful  progress.  Welfare-Misfor- 
tune. 

pros'-per-ous.   Successful.   Welfare-Misfortune. 

pros'-per-ous-ly.  Successfully.  Welfare-Misfor- 
tune. 

prc-spi'-cience.  The  habit  of  looking  forward.  Pre- 
vision. 

pros"-ter-na'-tion.  Prostration;  dejection.  Light- 
he  artedness-Dejection,  Presumption-Obsequi- 
ousness. 

pros'- the-sis.    Rhetorical  figure.    Rhetoric. 

pros'-ti-tute.  To  apply  to  base  purposes;  a  harlot. 
Betterment- Deterioration,  Purity  -  Impurity, 
Purity-Rake,  Use-Misuse. 

pros"-ti-tu'-tion.  Misuse.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Use-Misuse. 

pros'-trate.  To  lie  flat.  Creation-Destruction, 
Elevation  -  Depression,  Erectness  -  Flatness, 
Health-Sickness,  Height-Lowness,  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection,  Might-Impotence,  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness; fall  prostrate,  Ascent-De- 
scent; prostrate  oneself,  Devotion-Idolatry, 
Presumption  -  Obsequiousness,  Regard  -  Disre- 
spect. 

pros-tra'-tion.  The  state  of  being  prostrate.  Creation- 
Destruction,  Devotion-Idolatry,  Elevation-De- 
pression, Erectness-Flatness,  Godliness-Ungod- 
liness, Health -Sickness,  Height-Lowness, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Might-Impotence, 
Pleasure  -  Pain,  Presumption  -  Obsequiousness, 
Regard -Disrespect,  Taste -Vulgarity,  Weari- 
ness-Refreshment, Yielding. 

pro'-sy.  Tiresome.  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Force-Weakness,  Poetry-Prose,  Wittiness-Dul- 
ness. 

pro-syl'-lo-gism.  Part  of  a  combined  syllogism.  Rati- 
'ocination-Instinct. 

prot-ag'-o-nist.  The  chief  actor  in  a  Greek  drama. 
Acting,  Adept-Bungler. 

pro  tanto  [L.]  (pro  tan'-to).  To  that  extent.  Quan- 
tity-Measure. 

prot'-a-sis.  A  conditional  clause;  the  introduction  to  a 
Greek  drama.  Adage-Nonsense,  Predecessor- 
Continuation. 

pro'-te-an.    Changeable.    Mutability-Stability. 

pro-tect'.  To  keep  from  harm.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Security-Insecurity. 

pro-tect'-ed.    Guarded.    Security-Insecurity. 

prc-tect'-ing.    Guarding.    Security-Insecurity. 

pro-tec'-tion.  Shelter.  Attack-Defense,  Dominance- 
Impotence,  Release- Restraint,  Security -In- 
security. 

pro-tect'-or.  One  who  protects.  Attack-Defense, 
Chief-Underling,  Guard-Prisoner,  Security-In- 
security. 


pro-tect'-or-ate.  A  relation  of  a  powerful  nation  over  a 
weaker  one  under  its  control.    Rule-License. 

pro"-te"-ge"'.  One  cared  for  by  another.  Chief-Under- 
ling, Friend-Foe. 

pro'-te-i-form".    Protean.    Mutability-Stability. 

pro'-te-in.  Compounds  of  proteids.  Organization-In- 
organization,  Viscidity-Foam. 

prc-ter'-vi-ty.  Peevishness.  Favorite-Quarrel- 
someness. 

pro-test'.  To  deny.  Assent-Dissent,  Assertion-De- 
nial, Observance-Nonobservance,  Petition-Ex- 
postulation, Proffer-Refusal,  Settlement-De- 
fault; protest  against,  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Approval-Disapproval. 

pro'-test.  The  act  of  protesting.  Counter-protest,  Evi- 
dence-Counterevidence;  enter  a  protest,  Peti- 
tion-Expostulation; under  protest,  Assent-Dis- 
sent, Coercion,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

prot'-es-tant.  One  supporting  a  protest,  Assent-Dis- 
sent. 

Prot'-es-tant.  Opposed  to  Roman  Catholicism.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

Prot'-es-tant-ism.  State  of  being  a  Protestant.  As- 
sent-Dissent, Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

prot"-es-ta'-tion.    Dissent.    Assertion-Denial. 

pro-test'-ed.  Denied.  Protested  bills,  Petition-Ex- 
postulation, Settlement-Default. 

Pro'-te-us.  A  marine  deity  who  could  assume  any 
shape.    Mutability-Stability. 

proth'-es-is.    A  credence-table.    Fane. 

pro-thon'-o-ta-ry.   A  notary.   Recorder. 

pro'-to-col.    An  informal  treaty.    Contract-Design. 

pro'-to-plasm .  The  principal  portion  of  an  animal  cell. 
Biology,  Copy-Model,  Fertility-Sterility,  Or- 
ganization-Inorganization. 

pro'-tc-plast.    The  original.    Copy-Model. 

pro'-to-type.  A  primitive  form.  Copy-Model,  Proph- 
ecy. 

pro-tract'.  To  prolong.  Earliness-Lateness.  Length- 
Slowness,  Plurality-Fraction,  Terseness-Pro- 
lixity. 

pro-tract"-ed.  Prolonged.  Lastingness-Transient- 
ness,  Terseness-Prolixity. 

pro-trac'-tion.  A  lengthening  out.  Earliness-Late- 
ness, Length-Shortness. 

pro-trep'-tic-al.    Hortatory.    Motive-Caprice. 

pro-trude'.    To  thrust  out.    Convexity-Concavity. 

pro-tru'-sion.     A  bulging  out.    Convexity-Concavity. 

pro-tu'-ber-ance.  Prominence.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity. 

pro-tu'-ber-ant.    Bulging  out.    Convexity-Concavity. 

pro-typ'-i-fy.    To  foreshadow.    Prophecy. 

proud.  Arrogant;  high-mettled.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit, Selfrespect-Humbleness;  proud  flesh, 
Convexity-Concavity. 

prove.  Demonstrate.  Emotion,  Numbering,  Occur- 
rence-Destiny, Proof-Disproof,  Trial;  prove 
one's  case,  Justification-Charge;  prove  recreant, 
Patriotism-Treason  ;  prove  true,  Truth-Error. 

proved'.     Demonstrated.     Proof-Disproof. 

prov'-en-der.  Food  for  cattle;  provisions.  Nutriment- 
Excretion,  Provision-Waste. 

prov'-erb.    An  adage.    Adage-Nonsense. 

proverbe  [F.j  (pro-verb').    A  kind  of  comedy.    Acting. 

prc-ver'-bi-al.  Well-known.  Adage-Nonsense. 

Knowledge-Ignorance. 

pro-vide'.  To  furnish.  Provision-Waste;  provide 
against,  Preparation-Nonpreparation;  provide 
against  a  rainy  day,  Generosity-Frugality,  Pro- 
vision-Waste. 

pro-vi'-ded.  On  condition;  furnished.  Condition- 
Situation,  Hypothesis,  Modification,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation; provided  for,  Affluence- 
Penury;  well-provided,  Enough. 


PROVIDENCE. 


829 


PROVISION— WASTE. 


^>rov'-i-dence.       Foresight;     God's    care.       Divinity, 

Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Prevision. 
Prov'-i-dence.    God.    Divinity;  waiter  on  Providence, 

Activity-Indolence,  Contentedness-Discontent- 
ment. 

prov'-i-dent.  Exercising  foresight.  Capacity-Inca- 
pacity, Carefulness-Carelessness,  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation. 

prov"-i-den'-tial.  Resulting  from  God's  providence. 
Opportuneness-Unsuitableness,  Welfare-Mis- 
fortune, 

prov'-ince .     A  subj  ected  country ;  a  department .     Di  vi- 


sion, Dweller-Habitation,  Extension-District, 
Occupation. 

pro-vin'-cial.  Pertaining  to  a  province.  Division, 
Dweller-Habitation,  Extension-District,  Occu- 
pation, Taste-Vulgarity. 

pro-vin'-cial-ism.  A  provincial  speech.  Rhetoric, 
Word-Neology. 

pro-vi'-sion.  A  stipulation;  victuals;  preparation. 
Affluence-Penury,  Means,  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion, Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Provision- 
Waste. 


PROVISION— WASTE 


Commissariat.     Food   supplied   to   an   army   through   the   regular 

department. 
Grist.     Grain  to  be  ground:  a  supply. 
Grist  to  the  mill.     A  supply. 
Provender.     Food    for    cattle;  sometimes    food    in    general.     See 

Nutriment. 
Providing.     That  which  is  furnished  for  future  use.     See  Verbs. 
Provisions.     A  supply  of  food  of  any  kind. 
Purveyance.     Anything  provided ;  food;  provisions. 
Reenforcement.     An  additional  supply  of  forces  for  an  army. 
Resources.     Means  or  property  that  are  available.     See  Means. 
^Subvention.     The  act  of  aiding;  a  supporting;  a  governmental  aid. 

See  Obstruction-Help. 
Supply.     Food  and  the  like  necessary  to  the  maintenance  of  an 

army,  etc. 
Viaticum  [L.].     An  allowance  for  traveling  expenses. 

Provision — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Batman.  A  servant  who  looks  after  a  packhorse  in  war. 
Caterer.  One  who  furnishes  food  for  an  entertainment. 
Cateress.     A  woman  purveyor. 

Commissary.     A  military  officer  in  charge  of  subsistence. 
•Comprador  [It.].     Caterer. 
Feeder.     One  who  furnishes  food. 
Grocer.     One  who  sells  provisions. 
Jackal.     One  who  serves  another's  purpose;  from  the  supposition 

that  the  jackal  finds  prey  for  the  Hon. 
Pelican.     A  large  bird,  fabled  to  feed  its  young  with  blood  from  its 

breast. 
Purveyor.     One  who  furnishes  food. 
■Quartermaster.     An  officer  of  army  or  government  charged  with 

issuing  clothing,  food,  supplies,  etc. 
Restaurateur  [F.].     A  keeper  of  an  eating-house. 
.Sutler.     A  small  trader,  following  an  army,  who  sells  eatables  to  the 

soldiers.     See  Dealer. 
"Victualler.     One  who  supplies  victuals. 

Provision — Verbs. 
Arm.     To  furnish  with  what  is  necessary  to  an  increase  of  one's 

efficiency,  as  food  or  weapons. 
Beat  up  for.     To  stir  about  and  try  to  get. 
•Cater.     To  furnish  food  for  an  entertainment. 
Feed.     To  give  food  to,  take  food. 
Fill      To  supply  to  sufficiency. 
Fill  up.     To  provide. 
Find.     To  furnish  or  provide. 
Find  one  in.     To  see  that  one  has  what  he  needs. 
Forage.     To  overrun  a  country  in  quest  of  food  for  men  or  horses. 
Furnish.     To  give  a  supply ,  supply  with  anything  needful. 
Have  in  reserve.  |  To  k        back  Jn  th    present  for  use  in  the 

Have  in  store  V      futu£ 

Have  to  fall  back  upon. ) 
Keep.  "J 

.Keep  by  one.  >To  have  in  one's  use,  for  one's  benefit  or  pleasure. 
Keep  on  foot.) 
^Lay  in.     To  collect  and  store. 

.Lay  in  a  stock.  |  T     gather  a  reserve  supplv  that  may  be 

Lay  in  a  store.  >      ,  ."^ 

„  ,      ,  -  .         ,       [      drawn  on  at  will. 

Make  due  provisions  for. ) 

Make  good.     To  supply,  as  a  defect. 
Make  provision  for.     To  collect  for  future  use. 
Provide.     To  put  in  a  state  of  preparation ;  furnish  supplies. 
Provide  against  a  rainy  day.     To  take  heed  to  the  future. 
Provision.     To  furnish  with  food. 
Purvey.     To  provide;  furnish,  as  supplies. 

■Recruit.     To  restore  or  repair  what  is  lacking  or  deficient;  collect 
men  anew. 


Consumption.     A  (gradual  destruction,  or  using  up. 

Dispersion.     A   vanishing  away;  a  scattering  in  many  directions. 

See  Gathering-Scattering. 
Ebb.     Decrease;  decline- 
Exhaustion.     Deprivation  of  strength  or  energy. 
Expenditure.     Act  of  expending;  a  paying  out;  a  diminishing,  as  of 

money. 
Leakage.     Waste,  as  by  leaking.     Sec  Entrance-Exit. 
Loss.     The  state  of  being  lost,  or  of  having  suffered  destructic. 

See  Gain-Loss. 
Misuse.     The  act  of  using  wrongfully  or  foolishly.     See  Use-Misuss. 
Mountain  in  labor.       Wasted  or  unnecessary  toil  (a  mouse  is  brought 

forth). 
Prodigality.     Excessive  waste.     See  Extra  vacate. 
Rubbish.     Waste,   refuse,    or   rejected   matter.     See    Usefulness- 

Uselessness. 
Waste.     Act  of  squandering;  an  incessant  diminishing  of  strength, 

energy,  etc. 
Wasting.     A  gradual  destruction.     See  Verbs. 
Wear  and  tear.     Loss  by  service,  exposure,  or  injury  incident  *o  the 

ordinary  use  of  a  thing. 

Waste — Verbs. 

Break  a  butterfly  on  a  wheel.     To  exert  unnecessary  effort;  waste 
one's  toil. 

Burn  the  candle  at  both  ends.     To  be  wasteful. 

Cast  away.     To  throw  away ;  waste. 

Cast  one's  bread  upon  the  waters.     To  throw  away  in  the  present  s» 
as  to  gather  in  the  future. 

Cast  one's  pearls  before  swine.     To  do  a  foolish,  wasteful  act. 

Consume.     To  waste  away  gradually. 

Cut  blocks  with  a  razor.     To  waste  one's  energy  or  resources. 

Disperse.     To   scatter   in    all   directions,  waste.     See   Gathering- 
Scattering. 

Drain.     To  exhaust  gradually;  diminish  the  amount  of. 

Dry  up.     To  cease  to  flow. 

Ebb.     To  flow  back;  decline. 

Employ  a  steam-engine  to  crack  a  nut.     To  do  unnecessary  work. 

Empty,     To  remove  the  contents  of;  exhaust. 

Exhaust.     To  draw  off;  diminish  the  strength,  supply,  etc.,  of. 

Expend.     To  use  up. 

Fling  away.     To  discard. 

Fritter  away.     To  waste  away  in  a  trifling  matter. 

Impoverish.     To  make  poor. 

Labor  in  vain.     To  do  work  which  is  fruitless.     See  Usefulness* 
Uselessness. 

Leak.     To  pass  gradually  away.     See  Entrance-Exit. 

Melt  away.     To  disappear;  be  dissipated. 

Pour  water  into  a  sieve.     To  do  useless  work. 

Run  dry.     To  cease  to  flow. 

Run  to  waste.     To  accomplish  no  useful  end. 

Spend.     To  consume ;  lose  force  or  energy. 

Spill.     To  pour  out;  scatter  and  be  wasted. 

Squander.     To  spend  foolishly  and  wastefully.     See  Extravagance 

Swallow  up.     To  cause  to  disappear. 

Throw  away. 

Use.     To  employ  for  a  purpose. 

Waste.     To  squander  foolishly;  make  lose  strength,  etc. 

"Waste  its  sweetness  on  the  desert  air."     To  bloom  or  flourish  witV 
out  being  seen.     [Gray's  Elegy. I 

Waste  powder  and  shot.     To  shoot  uselessly. 

Waste — Adjectives. 

At  a  low  ebb.     Wasting  away. 

Peany-wise  and  pound-foolish.     Economical  in  small  things,  extrava- 
gant in  large  things. 


PROVISION. 


830 


PUBLICIST. 


PROVISION— WASTE— Continued. 


PROVISION— Verbs— Continued. 

Replenish.     To  fill  again  after  depletion. 

Stock.     To  furnish  with  stock;  lay  by,  as  supplies. 

Stock  with.     To  supply. 

Store,     To  collect  and  put  in  a  place  of  safe-keeping  for  future  use. 

See  Store. 
Suppeditate.     To  supply. 
Supply.     To  furnish  with  what  is  necessary. 
Victual      To  furnish  with  victuals. 


WASTE— Adjectives — Continued. 

Wasted.     Passed  away.     See  Verbs. 

Wasteful.     Inclined  to  waste  •  causing  waste  and  loss. 

Waste — Phrase* . 

he  jeu  ne  vaut  pas  la  chandelle  [P.].     The  game  is  not  worth  the" 

candle. 
Magno  conatu  magnas  nugas  [L.J.     Great  trifles  from  a  great  effort. 


pro-vi'-sion-al.  Temporary.  Condition -Situation, 
Lastingness  -  Transientness,  Preparation  -  Non- 
preparation. 

pro-vi'-r.ions.    Conditions.     Terms. 

pro-vi'-so.  A  conditional  stipulation.  Modification, 
Terms. 

pro-vi'-so-ry.  Conditional;  provisional.  Lastingness- 
Transientness. 

p:Jv"-o-ca'-tion.  A  cause  of  anger;  incitement  to  ac- 
tion, i  Excitation,  Favorite-Anger,  Motive-Ca- 
price, Pleasurableness-Pain  fulness. 

pro-vo'-ca-tive.  Serving  to  provoke.  Excitation,  Mo- 
tive-Caprice. 

pro-voke'.  Irritate;  incite.  Cause-Effect,  Excita- 
tion, Favorite-Anger,  Motive-Caprice,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness;  provoke  desire,  Desire- 
Distaste;  provoke  hatred,  Love-Hate. 

pro-vo'-king.  Irritating.  Love-Hate,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness. 

provoquant  [F.]  (pro-vo-kan-')-  Incensing.  Excita- 
tion. 

prov'-ost.  A  person  having  charge  over  others.  Chief- 
Underling,  President-Member,  Representa- 
tive. 

prow.  The  fore  part  of  a  vessel.  Anteriority-Poste- 
riority. 

prow'-ess.    Daring  valor.    Bravery-Cowardice. 

prowl.  To  go  about  stealthily.  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy, Traveling-Navigation;  prowl  after,  Quest- 
Evasion. 

prox'-i-mate.  Next;  near.  Precedence-Succession, 
Remoteness-Nearness;  proximate  cause,  Cause- 
Effect. 

prox-im'-i-ty.  Nearness.  Interspace-Contact,  Re- 
moteness-Nearness. 

prox'-i-mo.    Next  month.     Future-Past. 

proximus  ardet  [L.]  (prox'-im-us  ar'-det).  The  next 
burns.    Refuge-Pitfall. 

prox'-y.  One  representing  another.  President-Mem- 
ber, Representative,  Security-Insecurity. 

prude.  A  person  affecting  modesty.  Purity-Impurity, 
Society-Affectation. 

pru'-deace.  Caution.  Carefulness-Carelessness, 
Recklessness-Caution. 

pru'-dent.  Judicious.  Carefulness-Carelessness, 
Recklessness-Caution,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

pru'-der-y.  Assumed  coyness.  Desire-Particular- 
ness,  Society-Affectation. 

pru'-dish.  Acting  like  a  prude.  Society-Affecta- 
tion. 

prune.  To  trim:  to  cut  off.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Betterment- Deterioration,  Length-Shortness. 

pru-nel'-la.  A  cloth  for  the  uppers  of  shoes.  Leather 
or  prunella,  Consequence-Insignificance. 

pru-nelle'.  A  small  acid  French  prune.  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

pru'-ri-ence.    Lascivious  craving.    Desire-Distaste. 

pru'-ri-en-cy.  Inclination  to  lascivious  thoughts.  Pu- 
rity-Impurity. 

pru'-ri-ent.    Craving.    Purity-Impurity. 

Prus'-sian.  Pertaining  to  Prussia.  Prussian  blue, 
Blueness-Orange. 


prus'-sic.  Derived  from  Prussian  blue.  Prussic  acid,, 
Remedy-Bane. 

pry.  To  scrutinize.  Inquisitiveness-Indifference, 
Investigation-Answer,  Sight-Blindness;  pry  into« 
the  future,  Prevision. 

pry'-ing.  Scrutinizing.  Inquisitiveness-Indiffer- 
ence, Investigation-Answer. 

pryt"-a-ne'-um.  A  public  building  in  a  Greek  city.  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval. 

psalm.  A  hymn  of  praise.  Devotion-Idolatry,  Mu- 
sic 

psalm'-book".    A  psalter.    Ceremonial. 

psal'-mc-dy.    Psalm-singing.    Music. 

Psal'-ter.  The  Book  of  Psalms.  Ceremonial,  Devo- 
tion-Idolatry. 

psal'-ter-y.  A  musical  instrument.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

pse'-pho-man"-cy.  Divination  with  pebbles.  Proph- 
ecy. 

pseu'-do.  Pretended.  Likeness-Unlikeness,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

pseu"-do-blep'-sis.  False  sight.  Sight-Dimsighted- 
ness. 

pseu-dol'-o-gy.    Falsehood  of  speech.    Word-Neology. 

pseu'-do-nym.  A  fictitious  name.  Name-Misnomer, 
Word-Neology. 

pseu"-do-rev"-e-la'-tion.  A  false  revelation.  Revela- 
tion-Pseudorevelation. 

pseu'-do-scope.  An  instrument  which  shows  objects  re- 
versed.   Optical  Instruments. 

pshaw.  An  exclamation  of  dissatisfaction.  Conse- 
quence -  Insignificance,  Excitability  -  Inexcita- 
bility. 

psy'-chic-al.    Pertainingto  the  soul.    Mind-Imbecility. 

psy'-chics.    Pertainingto  the  mind.    Mind-Imbecility. 

psy"-cho-log'-i-cal.  Pertaining  to  psychology.  Mind- 
Imbecility. 

psy-chol'-o-gist.  Mental  philosopher.  Mind-Imbe- 
cility. 

psy-chol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  the  soul.  Mind-Imbecil- 
ity. 

psy'-cho-man"-cy.    Necromancy.    Prophecy. 

ptis'-an.   A  medicine.    Remedy-Bane. 

pty'-a-lism.    Salivation.    Nutriment-Excretion. 

pu'-ber-ty.  The  age  at  which  one  is  capable  of  gener- 
ation.   Infancy-Age. 

pu-bes'-cence.     Quality  of  being  pubescent.    Manhood 

pu-bes'-cent.    Arrived  at  the  age  of  puberty.  Manhood.. 

pu'-bis.   A  bone.    Anatomy. 

pub'-lic.  People  at  large.  Humanity,  Publicity;  gen- 
eral public,  Humanity;  go  to  the  public  house,  Teeto- 
talism-Intemperance;  make  public,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace,  Publicity;  public  enemy,  Friend- 
Foe;  public  house,  Dweller-Habitation;  public 
opinion,  Assent-Dissent;  public  park,  City-Coun- 
try; public  press,  Publicity;  public  spirit,  Humani- 
tarianism-Misanthropy. 

pub"-li-ca'-tion.  That  which  is  published.  Crea- 
tion-Destruction, Missive-Publication,  Public- 
ity. 

pub'-li-cist.  A  writer  on  international  law.  Advo- 
cate. 


PUBLICITY. 


831 


PUDDOCK. 


pub-lic'-i-ty.      Notoriety.      Manifestation-Latency, 
Publicity. 

PUBLICITY. 

Bruit.     Report  or  rumor  noised  abroad. 

Circulation.      Diffusion ;  the  act  of  scattering  or  spreading  abroad. 

Cry.     Genera  report  or  rumor. 

Currency.     The  state  of  being  current ,  general  esteem  or  standing. 

Edition.  Total  number  of  copies  of  a  book,  newspaper,  etc.,  issued  at 
one  time 

Flagrancy.     Notoriousness ;  heinousness. 

Hue  and  cry.     A  great  stir  and  clamor  about  any  matter 

Indication.     The  act  of  showing  or  pointing  out. 

Notoriety.  The  character  of  being  notorious;  common  knowledge  or 
talk. 

Proclamation.     The  act  of  proclaiming  or  publishing. 

Promulgation.     The  act  of  announcing  to  the  public. 

Propagation.     A  spreading  from  person  to  person. 

Public  announcement,  etc.  Announcement  to  the  people.  See  En- 
lightenment. 

Publication.     The  act  of  offering  to  public  notice. 

Publicity.  The  state  of  being  public  or  open  to  common  knowledge ; 
notoriety. 

Report.     Common  talk,  or  rumor.     See  Tidings. 

Vox  populi  [L.].     The  voice  of  the  people. 

Publicity — Nouns  of  Means. 

Advertisement.     A  public  notice,  as  in  a  newspaper. 

Affiche  [P.]      A  placard  or  bill. 

Bill.     Something  conta  ning  a  public  notice  or  advertisement. 

Broadside.     A  large  sheet  of  paper,  printed  on  one  side. 

Circular.  A  circular  letter  or  announcement,  usually  a  printed  ad- 
vertisement, for  special  or  general  circulation. 

Circular  letter.  A  letter  addressed  to  a  circle,  or  to  a  number  of  per- 
sons having  a  common  interest. 

Gazette.     A  newspaper,  or  printed  account  of  current  events. 

Imprint.  A  mark  or  character  made  by  printing,  stamping,  or  press- 
ing: a  publisher's  or  printer's  name,  etc.,  printed  in  a  book  or  other 
publication. 

Journal.     A  periodical  making  public  daily  current  events. 

Manifesto.     A  public,  official,  and  authoritative  declaration  or  proc 
lamation. 

Newspaper.  A  publication  isr.ued  for  general  circulation  at  frequent 
and  regular  intervals. 

Notice,  etc.  An  announcement,  often  accompanied  by  comments  or 
remarks,  etc.     See  Enlightenment. 

Placard.  A  printed  or  written  paper  publicly  displayed,  as  a  proc- 
lamation or  advertisement. 

Poster.     An  advertising  sheet  posted  on  a  wall,  paling,  or  the  like. 

Public  press.      Publications  for  the  public  or  the  people. 

Publisher,  etc.  One  who  makes  a  business  of  publishing  books  or 
periodicals,  etc      See  Verbs. 

Telegraphy.     The  art  or  process  of  conveying  intelligence  by  tele 
graph. 

The  Press.     The  publications  of  a  country. 

Publicity — Verbs. 
Advertise.     To  make  public  by  advertisement. 
Afficher  [P.].     To  stick  up;  post. 
Blazon.     To  proclaim  ,  make  widely  known. 
Broach.     To  introduce  for  the  first  time ;  make  public. 
Circulate.     To  spread  abroad;  disseminate. 
Diffuse.     To  spread  abroad  freely,  circulate. 
Disseminate.     To  sow  broadcast;  scatter. 
Edit.     To  oversee  the  preparation  of  for  publication. 
Emit.     To  send  forth  authoritatively. 
Evulgate.     To  publish  abroad. 
Herald.     To  announce  by  a  herald ;  proclaim. 
Issue.     To  send  forth  officially;  put  into  circulation. 
Placard.     To  announce  by  placards;  post  placards. 
Post.     To  bring  to  the  public  notice  by  putting  up  placards  or  posters. 
Proclaim.     To  promu^ate  ;  announce  aloud. 
Promulgate.     To  announce  officially  and  formally;  publish. 
Propagate.     To  spread  abroad;  disseminate. 
Publish.     To  make  known  or  announce  publicly;  proclaim. 
Rumor.     To  circulate  as  a  rumor;  report  abroad 
Spread.     To  distribute  about;  make  widely  known;  diffuse. 
Utter.     In  law,  to  publish  ,  to  give  forth  with  audible  sound 

Publicity — Verbal  Expressions. 
Acquire  currency;  announce  with  beat  of  drum;  announce  with  flour- 
ish of  trumpets ;  bandy  about;  become  public, etc.   (see  Adjectives); 
be  public,  etc.  (see  Adjectives);   be  published;    blaze  about;    blaze 
abroad;    blow  about;    bring  before  the  public*,    bruit  about;    buzz 


about;  come  out;  drag  before  the  public;  drag  into  the  open  day; 
find  vent;  fly  about;  getabout;  getabroad;  get  afloat;  get  out;  gtt 
wind;  give  forth;  give  out;  give  tongue;  give  to  the  world;  go 
about;  go  forth;  go  the  round  of  the  newspapers;  go  the  rounds; 
go  through  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  land;  hawk  about;  lay  be- 
fore the  public;  make  known,  etc.  (sec  Enlichtenment);  make 
public;  noise  abroad;  pass  current;  pass  from  mouth  to  mouth; 
post  up;  proclaim  at  Charing  Cross,  to  proclaim  publicly  and  of- 
ficially, Charing  Cross  being  one  of  the  principal  streets  of  London; 
proclaim  from  the  housetops;  publish  in  the  Gazette;  pet  about; 
put  forth;  put  forward;  raise  a  cry;  raise  a  hue  and  cry;  raise  a  re-, 
port;  run  like  wildfire;  see  the  light;  send  forth;  send  round  the 
crier;  set  news  afloat;  sound  a  trumpet;  speak  of;  spread  abroad; 
spread  like  wildfire;  take  air;  talk  of;  thunder  forth;  trumpet  forth; 
virum  volitare  per  ora  [L.],  to  fly  through  the  mouths  of  men; 
whisper  about. 

Publicity — Adjectives. 

Arrant.     Notoriously  bad. 

Current,  etc.     Circulating  etc.     See  Tidings. 

Encyclical.     Intended  for  general  circulation. 

Exoteric.     External;  public. 

Flagrant.     Notorious;  heinous. 

In  circulation.     Circulating. 

Notorious.     Publicly  known,  especially  unfavorably  known  to  the 

general  public. 
Open,  etc.     Not  private ;  public,  etc.     See  Manifestation. 
Promulgatory.     Spreading  from  person  to  person. 
Public.     Open  to  all;  well-known. 

Published,  etc.     Made  public;  promulgated,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Trumpet-tongued.       Having  a  powerful,  far-reaching  voice  or  speech. 

Publicity — Adverbs,  etc. 
In  open  court.     In  a  court  opened  to  the  public. 
Publicly,  etc.     In  a  public  manner,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
With  open  doors.     Not  secretly,  publicly. 

Publicity — Interjections. 
Notice!     Take  notice. 
Oyes! 

Oyez  1  [Anglo-F.].  Hear,  A  term  used  by  criers  of  courts  to  secure 
silence  before  making  a  proclamation. 

Publicity — Phrases. 

Nomina  stultorum  parietibus  hterent  [L.].     Fools'  names  are  stuck 

on  house  walls. 
Notice  is  hereby  given. 
Semel  emissum  volat  irrevocabile  verbum  |L.].     Once  sent  forth  the 

word  flies  irrevocable. 
These  are  to  give  notice. 
This  is  to  give  notice. 

pub'-lic-ly.     In  a  public  manner.     Publicly  rumored, 

Tidings-Mystery. 
publico,  pro   bono  [L.]    (pub'-lic-o,    pro    bo'-no).     For 

the  public  good.      Humanitarianism-Misanthropy, 

TJSEFULNESS-TJSELESSNESS. 

pub'-lish.  To  make  public.  Publicity;  publish  the 
banns,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Petition-Expos- 
tulation, Writing-Printing. 

pub'-lish-er.  One  who  publishes.  Missive-Publica- 
tion, Publicity. 

puce.  Of  a  brownish-purple  color.  Yellowness- 
Purple. 

pu'-cel-age.  Virginity.  Infancy-Age,  Matrimony- 
Celibacy,  Purity-Impurity. 

Puck.     An  elf.     Jove-Fiend;  play  Puck,  Acting. 

puck'-er.  To  contract;  agitation.  Favorite-Anger, 
Plication;  in  a  pucker,  Excitation,  Favorite- 
Anger. 

pud'-der.  A  tumult.  Activity-Indolence,  Regu- 
larity-Irregularity. 

pud'-ding.  A  species  of  food.  Hardness-Soft- 
ness, Nutriment-Excretion,  Pulpiness-Oiliness, 
Sweetness-Acidity;  in  pudding  time,  Earliness- 
Lateness. 

Pud'-ding,  Jack.     A  clown.     Acting.  Bragging. 

pud'-dle.     A  muddy  plash.     Gulf-Plain. 

pud'-dler.     One  who  puddles.     Activity-Indolence. 

pud'-dock.  A  small  enclosure  adjoining  a  stable;  a  pad- 
do-k.     Enclosure. 


PUDICITY. 


832 


PULPINESS— OILINESS. 


pu-dic'-I-ty.     Chastity.     Purity-Impurity. 

fudor,  proh  [L.]  (piu'-dor,  pro).  O  for  shame! 
Reputation-Discredit. 

pu'-er-ile.  Juvenile.  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Force-Weakness,  Infant-Veteran,  Sagacity-In- 
capacity. 

pu-er'-per-al.  Pertaining  to  childbirth.  Creation- 
Destruction. 

puff.  To  blow;  to  distend.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Approval-Disapproval,  Bragging,  En- 
largement-Diminution, Gull-Hyperbole,  River- 
Wind,  Sweetness-Acidity,  Weariness-Refresh- 
ment; puff  of  smoke,  Friability;  puff  up,  Conceit- 
Diffidence. 

puffed.  Distended.  Puffed  up,  Conceit-Diffidence, 
Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

puff'-er.  One  who  praises  extravagantly.  Flat- 
terer-Defamer. 

puff'-er-y.  The  practise  of  puffing.  Bragging,  Gull- 
Hyperbole. 

puff'-y.  Bloated.  Enlargement-Diminution,  Great- 
ness-Littleness. 

pug.  Snub:  a  kind  of  dog.  Fauna-Flora,  Length- 
Shortness. 

pugh.  An  exclamation  of  contempt.  Consequence- 
Insignificance. 

pu'-gil-ism.     The  art  of  boxing.     Strife-Peace. 

pu'-gil-ist.     A  prize-fighter.     Belligerent. 

pu-gil-is'-tic.  Pertaining  to  prize-fighting.  Strife- 
Peace. 

pug-na'-cious.  Quarrelsome.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Humanitarian  ism-Misanthropy,  Strife-Peace. 

pug-nac'-i-ty.  Quarrelsomeness.  Favorite-Quar- 
relsomeness, Strife-Peace. 

puis'-ne.  Younger;  inferior.  Antecedence-Se- 
quence, Infancy-Age. 

pu'-is-sance.     Prowess.     Might-Impotence. 

pu'-is-sant.  Prowess.  Might-Impotence,  Strength- 
Weakness. 

puke.     To  vomit.     Admission-Expulsion. 

pul'-chri-tude.     Beauty.     Beauty-Ugliness. 


pule.  To  cry  plaintively.  Cry-Ululation,  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation. 

pull.  To  draw;  to  row.  Push-Pull,  Traveling- 
Navigation,  Writing-Printing;  a  long  and  a 
strong  pull,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Toil-Re- 
laxation; pull  about  one's  ears,  Elevation-De- 
pression; pull  an  oar,  Action-Passiveness;  pull 
by  the  sleeve,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  pull 
different  ways,  Variance-Accord;  pull  down,  Cre- 
ation-Destruction, Elevation-Depression;  pull 
in,  Release-Restraint;  pull  out,  Injection-Ejec- 
tion; pull  the  check-string,  Discontinuance-Con- 
tinuance; pull  the  wires,  Management;  pull 
through,  Obstruction- Help,  Renovation-Re- 
lapse; pull  together,  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Cooperation-Opposition;  pull  to  pieces,  Adula- 
tion -  Disparagement,  Approval-  Disapproval, 
Creation  -  Destruction,  Union- Disunion;  pull 
towards,  Attraction-Repulsion,  Variance-Con- 
cord; pull  up,  Approval-Disapproval,  Discon- 
tinuance-Continuance, Injection-Ejection,  Jus- 
tification-Charge, Litigation,  Movement-Rest; 
pull  upon  the  purse,  Costliness-Cheapness;  strong 
pull,  Toil-Relaxation. 

pulled.  Drawn.  Pulled  down,  Strength-Weakness, 
Weariness-Refreshment. 

pul'-let.     A  young  hen.     Infant-Veteran. 

pul'-ley.  An  elementary  mechanical  power.  Instru- 
ment. 

Pull'-man.  A  car-builder.  Pullman  car,  Convey- 
ance-Vessel. 

pul'-lu-late.  To  germinate.  Creation-Destruction, 
Enlargement-Diminution. 

pul'-mo-na-ry.  Pertaining  to  the  lungs.  Anatomy, 
River-Wind. 

pul-mon'-ic.     Pertaining  to  the  lungs.     River-Wind. 

pulp.     A  moist,  soft  mass  of  matter,  usually  organic. 

PULPINESS-OlLINESS. 

pulp'-i-ness.  The  state  of  being  pulpy.  Pulpiness- 
Oiliness. 


PULPINESS— OILINESS. 


Curd.     The  coagulated  portion  of  milk  of  which  cheese  is  made. 

Dough.  A  soft  mass  of  moistened  flour  or  meal,  mixed  for  cooking 
into  bread,  etc. 

Grume.     A  viscid,  semifluid  mass. 

Jam.     A  pulpy,  sweet  conserve  of  fruit. 

Oleomargarine.     A  substitute  for  butter. 

Pap.     Any  soft,  pulpy  food  for  babes. 

Paste.  A  pulpy,  adhesive  compound,  of  which  the  basis  is  usually 
flour  and  water. 

Pasteboard.     Paper  pulp  compressed  into  a  sheet. 

Poultice.  A  mollifying  remedy  in  a  moist  mealy  form,  applied  to 
sores. 

Pudding.  A  dish  of  soft  food,  often  sweetened  and  flavored,  as  for 
dessert. 

Pulp.  A  moist,  soft,  slightly  cohering  mass  of  matter,  usually  or- 
ganic. 

Pulpiness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  pulpy,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Rob.     The  inspissated  juice  of  ripe  fruit ;  rhob. 

Pulpiness—  A  djectives. 

Grumous.     Resembling  grume;  thick;  clotted. 
Papescent.     Containing  or  having  the  qualities  of  pap. 
Pulpy,  etc.     Like  pulp;  soft;  succulent.     See  Nouns. 
Pultaceous.     Macerated;  softened;  nearly  fluid. 


OILINESS — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Soapy.     Resembling,  containing,  or  consisting  of  soap;  smeared  with 

soap. 
Unctuous      Like  a  salve;  greasy;  soapy  to  the  touch. 
Waxy.     Like  wax;  plastic;  yielding. 


Anointment.  The  act  of  anointing,  or  the  state  of  being  anointed; 
also  an  ointment. 

Lubrication,  etc  The  act  of  supplying  an  oily  substance,  as  bear- 
ings, to  lessen  friction,  etc.     See  Friction-Lubrication. 

Lubricity.     The  state  of  being  slippery  and  oily. 

Naphtha.     Mixture  of  volatile,  liquid,  inflammable  hydrocarbons. 

Ointment,  etc.  A  fatty,  semisolid  preparation,  with  which  some 
medicine  has  been  incorporated :  used  as  a  remedy  of  bums,  sores 
etc.     See  Pulpiness-Oil. 

TJnctucsity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  greasy  or  soapy. 

Unctuousness,  etc.  The  quality  of  being  oily  or  Kreasy.  etc.  See 
Adjectives. 

Oiliness — Verbs. 
Oil,  etc.     Smear,  rub,  soak,  or  treat  with  oil,  etc.     See  Friction-Lv. 

BRICATION. 

Oiliness — Adjectives. 

Adipose.     Fatty. 

Butyraceous.     Having  the  qualities  of  butter. 

Fat.     Oily;  greasy. 

Fatty.     Consisting  of,  containing,  or  having  the  qualities  of  fat;  fat. 

Greasy.     Smeared  with  grease ;  like  grease  or  oil. 

Lardaceous.     Like  lard;  fatty. 

Oily.     Pertaining  to  or  containing  oil ;  greasy. 

Oleaginous.     Pertaining  to  oil;  oily. 

Pinguid.     Fat;  unctuous;  greasy. 

Saponaceous.     Having  the  nature  or  quality  of  soap. 

Sebaceous.     Fatty;   oily;   containing,  secreting,  or  consisting  of  fat 

matter. 
Slippery.     Smooth  so  as  to  be  hard  to  hold. 

(Continued  on  Column  I.) 


PULPINESS. 


833 


PUNCTUALLY. 


PULPINESS— OIL. 


Oil. 


Adipocere.  A  fatty  oil  formed  by  the  decomposition  of  animal  matter 
with  the  presence  of  moisture  and  the  absence  of  air. 

Animal-oil.     Oil  derived  from  the  bones  of  animals. 

Blubber.  A  layer  of  oil-yielding  fat  beneath  the  skin  of  some  marine 
animals. 

Butter.     The  fatty  constituent  of  milk. 

Cerement.     A  waxed  cloth. 

Colza-oil.     Oil  derived  from  the  summer  rape  or  coleseed. 

Cream.  The  thick  oily  substance  that  gathers  on  the  surface  of 
milk. 

Crystal-oil.     A  clear  oil. 

Dripping.     The  fat  which  runs  from  meat  when  roasting. 

Elain.     Olein. 

Exunge.     Ointment. 

Fat.  A  white,  greasy,  easily  melted  compound  forming  a  part  of 
animal  tissue. 

Glycerin.  A  sweet,  liquid,  oily  compound  formed  by  the  decom- 
position of  natural  fats  with  alkalis. 

Grease.     The  fat  of  animals. 

Lard.     The  semisolid  oil  of  hog's  fat. 

Liniment.  A  liquid,  oily  preparation  for  rubbing  on  the  skin  in  case 
of  bruises,  etc. 

Linseed-oil.     The  oil  expressed  from  flaxseed. 

Mineral-oil.     Petroleum . 

Neat's-foot  oil.     The  oil  expressed  from  the  feet  of  cattle. 


Nut-oil.     Oil  derived  from  various  nuts. 

Oil.     A  neutral  substance  of  animal  or  vegetable  origin  insoluble  in 

water. 
Ointment.  A  fatty  preparation  mixed  with  some  medicinal  substance. 
Oleagin.     Olein. 
Olein.     A  colorless,  oily,  liquid  compound,  the  chief  constituent  of 

fatty  oils. 
Olive-oil.     Oil  expressed  from  the  fruit  of  the  olive. 
Paraffin.     A  colorless,  waxy  substance  derived  from  methane. 
Petroleum.     An   inflammable   oily  liquid   which  exudes  from  the 

earth. 
Rock-oil.     Petroleum. 
Salad-oil.     Oil  used  for  dressing  salad. 
Soap.     Any  compound  formed  by  the  union  of  a  fatty  acid  with  a 

base,  usually  hardened  by  pressure. 
Soft  soap.     Any  compound  formed  by  the  union  of  a  fatty  acid  with 

a  base. 
Spermaceti.     Oil  derived  from  the  sperm-whale. 
Stearin.     A  white  compound  contained  in  animal  fats. 
Suet.     The  fatty  tissues  in  the  region  of  the  loins  of  various  animals. 
Tallow.     A  substance  composed  of  hard  and  less  fusible  fats. 
Train-oil.     The  oil  from  the  blubber  of  whales. 
Unguent.     An  oil  used  as  an  ointment. 
Vegetable-oil.     Oil  derived  from  various  vegetables. 
Wax,     A  fatty  solid  substance  secreted  by  bees. 


PULPINESS— ROSIN. 


Rosin. 
Amber.     A  fossilized  vegetable  resin,  yellowish  in  color  and  trans- 
lucent- 
Ambergris.     A  waxy  concretion  from  the  sperm-whale. 
Asphalt.     Mineral  pitch  or  compound  native  bitumen. 

fc££J  *■*»?■ 

Bitumen.     Any  native  mixture  of  hydocarbons;  mineral  pitch. 

Camphor.     Gumlike,  fragrant  compound. 

Copal.     A  transparent  resin  used  in  varnishes 

Gum.     Properly,  only  vegetable  secretions  that  are  soluble  in  water. 

Japan.     A  varnish  made  of  shellac  or  other  resin. 

Lac.     A  resinous  exudation  from  an  insect. 

Lacquer.     A  varnish  made  from  shellac 

Magilp.     A  mixture  used  as  a  vehicle  for  colors 

Mastic.     A  resinous  exudation  used  as  an  aromatic  in  varnishes,  etc. 

Pitch.     The  resinous  exudation  of  pines. 


Resin.     Any  vegetable  exudation,  soluble  in  alcohol,  but  not  in 

water. 
Rosin.     The  amber-colored  substance  left  after  the  distilling  of  oil 

of  turpentine. 
Sealing-wax.     A  mixture  of  resinous  materials  and  pigments. 
Tar.     A  dark-colored  viscid  liquid  obtained  by  the  distillation  of 

organic  bodies  and  bituminous  minerals. 
Varnish.     A  resinous  solution  used  in  painting. 

Rosin — Verb. 
Varnish.     To  cover  with  varnish. 

Rosin — Adjectives, 
Bituminous.     Of  the  nature  of  bitumen;  containing  much  volatile 

hydrocarbon. 
Pitchy.     Sticky. 

Resinous.     Of  the  nature  of  resin. 
Tarry.     Like  tar;  covered  with  tar. 


pul'-pit.  An  elevated  desk  for  a  preacher.  Fane, 
School. 

pulp'-y.       Soft.       PuLPINESS-OlLINESS. 

pul'-sate.  To  throb.  Agitation,  Periodicity-Irregu- 
larity, Vibration. 

pul'-sa-tion.     Throbbing.     Emotion,  Vibration. 

pulse.  The  beating  of  the  heart;  peas,  beans,  etc. 
Fauna-Flora,  Periodicity-Irregularity,  Vibra- 
tion; feel  the  pulse,  Investigation-Answer,  Trial. 

pul'-sion.     Driving  forward.      Impetus-Reaction. 

pul-ta'-ceous .     Softened.     Pulpiness-Oiliness. 

pul'-ver-i"-za-ble .  Capable  of  being  reduced  to  powder. 
Friability. 

pul"-ver-i-za'-tion.  Act  of  reducing  to  fine  powder. 
Friability. 

pul'-ver-ize.     Reduce  to  powder.     Friability. 

pul-ver'-u-lence.     Dustiness.     Friability. 

pul-ver'-u-lent.     Powdery.     Friability. 

pul'-vil.     A  sweet-scented  powder.     Perfume-Stench. 

pum'-mel.  Beat;  a  knob.  Recompense-Punition, 
Roundness,  Suspension-Support. 

pump.  An  engine  for  raising  water;  to  draw  out. 
Dress-Undress,  Investigation-Answer,  River- 
Wind. 

pump'-room.  A  room  in  which  a  pump  is  worked. 
Dweller-Habitation,  Remedy-Bane. 

pun.     A  play  upon  words.     Adage-Nonsense.   Am- 
biguity, Rhetoric,  Uniformity-Diversity,  Witti- 
ness-Dulness 
53 


punch.  A  blow;  a  beverage.  Acting,  Aperture- 
Closure,  Conveyer,  Copy-Model,  Engraving, 
Impetus-Reaction,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Per- 
forator-Stopper, Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

Punch.     A  clown.     Wag;   Punch  and  Judy,  Acting. 

punch'-bowl.  A  bowl  for  punch.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Sharpness-Bluntness,  Teetotalism-In- 
temperance. 

pun'-cheon.  A  tool;  a  cask.  Contents-Receiver, 
Perforator-Stopper. 

Pun"-chi-nel'-lo.  A  character  in  an  Italian  burlesque. 
Acting. 

punc'-ta-ted.  Pointed;  covered  with  small  points. 
Variegation. 

punc-til'-io.  A  nice  point.  Pomp,  Society-Ludi- 
crousness,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

punc-til'-ious.  Very  exact.  Observance-Nonob- 
servance,  Pomp,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

punc-til'-ious-ness.     Precise  etiquette.     Pomp. 

punc'-to.     A  nice  point  of  form.     Pomp. 

punc'-tu-al.  Exact;  strict.  Earliness-Lateness, 
Observance-Nonobservance,  Periodicity-Irreg- 
ularity, Truth-Error,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

punc"-tu-al'-i-ty.  Promptness.  Activity-Indo- 

lence, Earliness-Laten^s,  Periodicity-Irregu- 
larity, Truth-Error,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

punc'-tu-al-ly.  Promptly.  Earliness-Lateness, 
Periodicity-Irregularity. 


PUNCTUATE. 


834 


PURCHASE-MONEY. 


punc'-tu-ate.  To  mark  with  points.  Grammar-Sole- 
cism. 

punc'-tu-a-tion.  The  art  of  dividing  sentences  by 
points.     Grammar-Solecism. 

punc'-ture.     A  small  hole.     Aperture-Closure. 

pun'-dit.  A  learned  man.  Advocate,  Scholar- 
Dunce. 

pun'-gen-cy.     Sharpness.     Pungency,  Vigor-Inertia. 

PUNGENCY. 

Acrimony.     Harsh  or  biting  sharpness,  as  of  juices 

Haul  gout  IF.].     High  taste. 

Piquancy.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  piquant. 

Poignancy.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  poignant. 

Pungency.     Keenness;  sharpness;  piquancy. 

Race.     Peculiar  flavor,  taste,  or  strength. 

Roughness,  etc.     Astringency  or  harshness  to  the  taste,  etc.     See 

Acidity. 
Sharpness,  etc.     Pungency;  sourness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Strong  taste.     Flavor  affecting  the  taste  forcibly. 
Twang.     Disagreeable  flavor  left  in  the  mouth. 
Unsavoriness,  etc.     The  condition  or  quality  of  being  unsavory,  etc. 

See  Palatableness-Unpalatableness. 

Pungency — Denotations. 

Brine.     Water  saturated  with  sa«. 

Cavendish.  A  brand  of  American  tobacco  prepared  by  mixing  with 
molasses. 

Caviare.     The  roes  of  the  sturgeon. 

Cayenne.     Red  pepper. 

Cigar.     A  roll  of  tobacco-leaves  for  smoking. 

Cigarette.  A  little  cigar  made  of  finely  cut  tobacco  wrapped  in 
paper. 

Cordial.     A  sweet  an  1  aromatic  alcoholic  liquor. 

Dram.     A  drink  of  spirits. 

Fragrant  weed.     Tobacco. 

Indian  weed.     A  famous  quack  vegetable  medicine. 

Mustard.  The  seed  of  the  mustard-plant,  crushed  and  used  as  a 
condiment. 

Nicotin.     A  poisonous  alkaloid  contained  in  the  leaves  of  tobacco. 

Nip.     A  small  dram  of  strong  drink. 

Niter.     Saline  potassium  nitrate. 

Quid.     A  small  portion  of  tobacco  for  chewing. 

Rappee.     A  strong-flavored  snuff. 

Saltpeter.     Niter. 

Seasoning,  etc.  Something  added  to  food  to  give  it  relish.  See  Con- 
diment. 

Segar.     Cigar. 

Snuff.  Tobacco,  fermented,  dried,  and  pulverized,  inhaled  into  the 
nostrils. 

Tobacco.  The  leaves  of  the  tobacco-piant  prepared  for  smoking, 
chewing,  etc. 

Weed.     Tobacco. 

Pungency — Verbs. 

Be  pungent,  etc.     Be  sharp,  keen,  racy,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Bite  the  tongue.     Cause  sharp  pain  or  smarting  in  the  mouth. 

Brine.     Sprinkle  with  salt  or  brine. 

Chew.     Chew  tobacco. 

Devil.     Grill  with  Cayenne  pepper;  season  highly,  as  with  pepper. 

Pepper.     Sprinkle  with  pepper. 

Pickle.     Preserve  or  season  with  pickle. 

Render  pungent,  etc.     Make  sharp  or  racy,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Salt.     Sprinkle,  supply,  or  season  with  salt. 

Season.     Fit  for  taste;  render  palatable. 

Smoke.     Inhale  amd  exhale  the  smoke  of,  as  tobacco. 

Spice.     Season  with  spice. 

Take  snuff.     Snuff  pulverized  tobacco. 

Pungency — Adjectives. 

Acrid.     Pungent;  bitter. 

Acrimonious.     Full  of  bitterness;  sharp. 

Biting.     Keen;  pungent;  nipping. 

Bitter.     Having  a  peculiar  acrid  taste. 

Brackish.     Somewhat  saline. 

Briny.     Impregnated  with  salt. 

Escharotic.     Serving  or  tending  to  form  an  eschar;  caustic. 

Full-flavored.     Abundantly  or  highly  flavored. 

Gamy.     Having  the  flavor  of  game;  high-flavored. 

High-flavored.     Richly  or  spicily  flavored. 

High-seasoned.     Enriched  with  spice  and  condiments. 

High-tasted.     Having  a  strong  relish ;  piquant. 

Hot.     Acrid;  biting;  pungent. 

Hot  as  pepper. 


Meracious.     Without  mixture  or  adulteration;  strong;  racy. 

Mordant.     Biting;  caustic. 

Peppery.     Like  pepper;  hot;  pungent. 

Piquant  [F.].     Stinging;  sharp;  pungent. 

Pungent.     Causing  a  sharp  sensation,  as  of  the   taste,  smell,   or 

feelings. 
Racy.     Having  a  strong  flavor  indicating  origin;  rich;  peculiar  and 

piquant. 
Rough,  etc.     Harsh  to  the  taste,  etc.     See  Acidity. 
Saline.     Constituting  or  consisting  of  salt;  salty. 
Salt.     Saline;  briny. 
Salt  as  a  herring.  "J 

Salt  as  brine.  V  Figurative  degrees  of  saltness. 

Salt  as  Lot's  wife.  [Bible.]) 

Seasoned,  etc.     Fitted  for  taste,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Sharp.     Having  a  stinging  pungent  taste. 
Spicy.     Containing,  flavored,  or  fragrant  with  spices. 
Stinging.     Pungent;  biting. 

Strong.     Making  a  keen  impression  upon  the  senses;  pungent. 
Unsavory,   etc.     Having   a   disagreeable    taste    or   odor,   etc.     See 

Palatableness-Unpalatableness. 
Vellicating.     Causing  to  twitch  or  contract  convulsively. 

pun'-gent.  Sharp;  acrid.  Emotion,  Force-Weak- 
ness, Odor-Inodorousness,  Pungency. 

Punica  -fides  [L.]  (piu'-ni-ca  fai'-diz).  Punic  faith. 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

pun'-ish.     To  chastise.     Recompense-Punition. 

pun'-ish-ing.     Chastising.      Recompense-Punition. 

pun'-ish-ment.     A  penalty.     Recompense-Punition. 

pu-ni'-tion.     Punishment.     Recompense-Punition. 

pu'-ni-tive.     Punishing.     Recompense-Punition. 

pu'-ni-to-ry.     Punishing.     Recompense-Punition. 

punk.     A  prostitute.     Purity-Rake. 

pun'-kah.     A  fan.      River- Wind. 

pun'-ning.     Playing  on  words.     Wittiness-Dulness. 

pun'-ster.     One  who  puns.     Wag. 

punt.  A  flat-bottomed  boat.  Conveyance-Vessel, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

pu'-ny.     Little  and  weak.     Greatness-Littleness, 

pup.  The  young  of  various  animals.  Creation-De- 
struction, Fauna-Flora,  Infant-Veteran. 

pu'-pil.  A  scholar;  a  part  of  the  eye.  Anatomy,  In- 
structor-Pupil, Sight-Blindness. 

pu'-pil-age.  The  state  of  a  scholar.  Education- 
Learning,  Infancy-Age,  Instructor-Pupil. 

pu"-pi-lar'-i-ty.     Minority.     Education-Learning. 

pupillari,  in  statu  [L.]  (piu-pil-le'-rai,  in  ste'-tiu).  in 
state  of  pupilage.  Education-Learning,  In- 
structor-Pupil. 

pup'-pet.  A  small  doll;  a  tool.  Antagonist-Assist- 
ant, Chief-Underling,  Delineation-Caricaturz, 
Greatness-Littleness,  Gull-Deceiver;  be  the 
puppet  of,  Liberty-Subjection;  make  a  puppet  of, 
Rule-License. 

pup'-pet-show".  A  mock  drama  performed  by  pup- 
pets.    Acting,  Entertainment-Weariness. 

pup'-py.  A  young  dog;  a  silly  fop.  Bragging, 
Brawler,  Fauna-Flora,  Society-Dandy. 

pup'-py-ism.     Meanness.     Society-Affectation. 

pur  et  simple  [F.]   (pur  e  san'pl).      Pure  and  simple. 

Mixture-Homogeneity. 
pur  sang   [F.]   (pur   san').     Pure   blood.      Gentility- 
Commonalty. 
Pu-ra'-na.     One  of  a  class  of  sacred  Hindu  poetical 

works.     Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 
pur'-blind.       Near-sighted.       Decision-Misjudgment, 

Sight-Dimsightedness. 
pur'-blind-ness.   Near-sightedness.  Sight-Dimsighted- 
ness. 
pur'-chase.      Buy;    a  support.     Buying-Sale,  Domi- 
nance-Impotence, Gain -Loss,  Settlement -De- 
fault, Suspension-Support. 
pur'-chased.    Bought.    Buying-Sale. 
pur'-chase-mon'-ey.       The  money  paid  for  anything. 
Commutation-Permutation. 


PURCHASER. 


835 


PURITY—  CRUDENESS. 


pur'-chas-er.   One  who  buys.    Buying-Sale. 

pur'-cha-sing.    Buying.     Buying-Sale. 

pure.  Simple;  clean;  innocent;  chaste.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Craft-Artlessness,  Devotion-Idola- 
try,  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Innocence-Guilt, 
Mixture-Homogeneity,  Purity-Crudeness,  Pu- 
rity-Impurity, Simplicity- Floridness,  Taste- 
Vulgarity,  Truth-Error,  Truthfuln ".ss-False- 
hood,  Uprightness  -  Dishonesty,  Virtue -Vice; 
pure  accent,  Vocalization-Muteness;  pure  color, 
Color- Achromatism. 

pu"-ree'.    A  thick  soup.    Nutriment-Excretion.     t 

pure'-ly.  In  a  pure  manner;  merely.  Magnitude- 
Smallness. 

pur-ga'-tion.  A  purifying.  Atonement,  Cleanness- 
Filthiness. 

pur'-ga-tive.    A  purifier.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

pur'-ga-to-ry.  A  place  for  purifying  souls.  Atone- 
ment, Heaven-Hell,  Pleasure-Pain. 

purge.  Cleanse.  Admission-Expulsion,  Atonement, 
Cleanness-Filthiness. 

pu"-ri-fi-ca'-tioa.      Cleansing;    refinement.      Better- 


ment-Deterioration, Cleanness-Filthiness,  Mix- 
ture-Homogeneity. 

pu'-ri-fi"-er.  Something  that  refines.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness. 

pu'-ri-fy.  To  cleanse.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Cleanness-Filthiness. 

pur'-ism.    Extreme  strictness.    Society  Affectation. 

puris  naturalibus,  in  [L.]  (piu'-ris  re  tiu-ral'-i-bus,  in). 
Naked.    Dress-Undress. 

pur'-ist.  One  overnice  in  the  cnc.ee  c  words.  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness, Purity-Crudeness,  Society- 
Affectation. 

Pu'-ri-taa.  A  dissenter  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  Aus- 
terity, Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

pu'-ri-tan.   Overscrupulous.  Godliness-Ungodliness. 

pu"-ri-tan'-ic-al.  Strict.  Austerity,  Society-Affec- 
tation. 

Pu'-ri-tan-ism.  Practises  of  the  Puritans;  austerity. 
Austerity,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

pu'-ri-ty.  Cleanness.  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Pu- 
rity-Crudeness, Purity-Impurity. 


PURITY— CRUDENESS. 


Antithesis.     Placing  in  contrast  for  effect.     See  Embellishment. 

Concinnitv.     Harmony. 

Ease.     Freedom  from  strain. 

Elegance.     Beauty  arising  from  materials  being  nicely  chosen  and 

harmoniously  disposed. 
Euphony.     Agreeableness  of  sounds. 
Flowing  periods.     Expressions  that  move  along  as  with  the  soft 

movement  of  a  stream. 
Grace.  \  Agreeableness   of   form   or  motion    resulting    from 

Gracefulness.)      nature  aided  by  art. 
Numerosity.     Harmonious  flow. 

Purist.     One  who  is  overparticular  as  to  purity  of  literary  style. 
Purity.     Freedom  from  blemish. 
Readiness.     Quick  adaptability  to  needs. 
The  right  word  in  the  right  place.     Exactness  of  speech. 

^SSSTjSSS^  **"-*  -dgliding  sentence, 

Purity —  Verbs. 

Point  an  antithesis     To  put  in  contrast. 
Round  a  period.     To  close  a  sentence. 

Pu  r  ity — A  effectives. 

Academical.     Classical. 

Artistic.     Embodying  the  principles  of  art. 

Attic.     Of  the  best  quality. 

Chaste.     Free  from  defect. 

Ciceronian.     Polished,  fluent,  and  copious. 

Classical.     Conforming  to  the  highest  standards  in  art. 

Correct.     Faultless. 

Easy.     Not  strained. 

Elegant.     Having  parts  well-proportioned. 

Euphemistic.     Substituting  a  less  offensive  term  for  a  more  disagree- 
able one. 

Euphonious.     Sounding  well  to  the  ear. 

Felicitous.     Enjoying  deep  and  continued  happiness, 
owing.!  procee(jing  without  hesitation. 

Graceful.     Possessing  grace. 
Happy.     Marked  by  pointedness. 
Mellifluous.     Flowing  smoothly. 
Natural.     Reflecting  nature. 
Neat.     Marked  by  good  order. 

Sea«yprSSed-}CI— »""«"  d" 

Numerose.     Melodious. 

Polished.     Freed  from  coarseness. 

Pure.     Freed  from  any  foreign  elements. 

Readable.     Attractive  for  reading. 

Rhythmical.     Having  a  regular  recurrence  of  accent,  etc. 

Saxon.     Strong  and  vigorous  in  the  use  of  language. 

Tripping.     To  move  lightly  and  rhythmically. 

Unaffected.     Not  assuming  anything  unnatural. 


Barbarism.     Violation  of  the  law  of  purity  in  rhetoric. 

Cacophony.     Harsh  sound  of  words. 

Euphemism.  The  use  of  pleasantly  sounding  words  to  tell  a  dis- 
agreeable fact ;  fair  words  for  ugly  things. 

Fustian.     Bombastic  language.     See  sub  Ornament. 

Inelegance.     The  lack  of  elegance. 

Mannerism.     Monotony  of  style.     See  Society-Affectation. 

Slang.  Jargon  not  accepted  in  the  standard  language.  See  Word- 
Neology.  • 

Solecism.     Violation  of  the  laws  of  grammar. 

Stiffness.     Lack  of  elasticity  or  variation.     See  sub  Adjectives. 

Unlettered  muse.  An  uneducated  writer.  "Their  name,  their  years, 
spelt  by  the  unletterecfMuse,  the  place  of  fame  and  elegy  supply." 
[Gray,  Elegy  in  a  Country  Churchyard.} 


Words  that  break  the  jaw.       1  m     ,  .,  . 

i  that  dislocate  the  jaw./  Words  not  eas0y  Pronounced 


Words  1 


CRUDENESS — Verb. 
Be  inelegant.     Crude  and  imperfect.     See  Adjectives. 

CRi'DENESS — Adjectives. 

Abrupt.     Breaking  off  suddenly. 

Affected.     Having  assumed  something  not  one's  own. 

Artificial.     Not  natural. 

Barbarous.     Violating  the  rule  of  purity  in  rhetoric. 

Cramped.     Limited. 

Crude.     Not  skilfully  finished. 

Dry.     Not  interesting. 

Euphemistic.     Describing  an  unpleasant  fact  by  a  softened  express- 

sion. 
Forced.     Not  flowing  easily. 

Formal.     Marked  by  the  observance  of  form  or  style. 
Graceless.     Lacking  grace. 
Grotesque.     Ridiculously  odd. 
Guindi  [F.].     Bombastic;  stiff. 
Halting.     Hesitating. 
Harsh.     Unpleasant  to  the  ear. 
Inelegant.     Not  elegant. 
Labored.     Not  proceeding  easily. 
Mannered.     Practising  bad  manners. 
Offensive  to  polite  ears.     Inelegant  or  offensive  of  speech. 
Ponderous.     Lacking  in  animation;  weighty. 
Rude.     Unskilled  in  make,  or  action. 
Stiff.     Not  elastic. 

Turgid.     Bombastic.     See  sub  Ornament. 
Uncouth.     Not  gracefully  developed. 
Ungraceful.     Not  graceful. 


PURITY—  Adjectives — Continued. 


Unlabored.     Easily  executed. 
Well  put.     Strongly  expressed. 


PURITY 


83o 


PURITY— IMPURITY. 


PURITY— IMPURITY. 


Chastity.     Freedom  from  unlawful  sexual  intercourse  or  indulgence. 

Continence.  Self-restraint,  especially  with  respect  to  the  sexual  pas- 
sion. 

Decency.     Freedom  from  immodesty  or  obscenity. 

Decorum.     Propriety,  as  in  manner,  conduct,  etc. 

Delicacy.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  pure  or  chaste. 

Honesty.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  honest;  especially  of  women, 
chastity. 

Modesty.  The  state,  quality,  or  character  of  being  modest;  decent 
reserve  and  propriety. 

Pucelage  [F.].     Virginity. 

Pudicity.     Modesty;  chastity. 

Purity.  Freedom  from  guilt  or  the  defilement  of  sin;  innocence; 
chastity. 

Shame.  A  painful  sensation  excited  by  a  consciousness  of  guilt  or 
impropriety. 

Virginity.     Undefiled  purity  or  chastity;  maidenhood. 

Virtue.     Moral  excellence,  purity  of  soul;  specifically,  chastity. 

Purity — Denotations. 

Diana.  A  virgin  goddess  who  presided  over  virtue,  chastity,  and 
marriage. 

Hippolytus.  Son  of  Theseus,  who  resisted  the  advances  of  his  step- 
mother, Phsedra. 

Joseph.  Son  of  Jacob;  when  he  was  in  Egypt,  Potiphar's  wife 
tried  to  seduce  him  but  was  repulsed. 

Lucre tia.  Wife  of  Tarquinius  Collatinus*  her  rape  by  Sextus  Tar- 
quinius  led  to  the  overthrow  of  the  Tarquins  and  the  establishment 
of  the  republic. 

Prude.     A  woman  of  affected  modesty,  reserve,  or  coyness. 

Vestal.  One  of  the  virgin  priestesses  of  Vesta,  on  whose  purity 
the  safety  of  Rome  depended;  a  woman  of  pure  character. 

Virgin.     A  woman  who  has  had  no  carnal  knowledge  of  man. 

Purity — Adjectives. 

Chaste.     Pure-  undefiled. 

Continent.     Exercising  rest  Aint  as  to  indulgence  of  passions. 

Decent.     Fit;  proper;  seemly. 

Decorous.     Becoming;  proper;  seemly. 

Delicate.     Pure;  chaste. 

Honest.     Chaste;  virtuous. 

Modest.     Characterized  by  reserve,  propriety,  or  purity. 

Platonic       Purely  spiritual,  or  devoid  of  sensual  feeling. 

Pure.     Free  from  moral  defilement;  innocent. 

Undefiled.     Not  corrupted  as  to  chastity;  unviolated. 

Virtuous.     Having  moral  excellence;  chaste;  pure. 

Purity — -Phrase. 
Notre  Dame  [F.J.     Our  Lady;  the  Blessed  Virgin. 


IMPURITY— Verbs — Continued  from  Column  a 

DoaMlH  adultery*  etc.  To  have  illicit  sexual  intercourse  with.  See 
Adjectives. 

Debauch.  To  make  or  become  corrupt  in  morals;  make  vicious,  dis- 
honest, or  unchaste. 

Defile.     To  make  filthy  or  impure;  befoul. 

Deflower.     To  despoil  of  puritv  or  virginity. 

Intrigue.     To  engage  in  clandestine  love  affairs. 

Prostitute.     To  offer  for  lewd  purposes,  as  a  woman. 

Seduce.     To  entice  to  surrender  chastity. 

Violate.     To  commit  rape  upon;  ravish. 

Impurity — Adjectives. 
Adulterous.     Given  to  adultery;  illicit. 
Bawdy.     Obscene;  filthy;  unchaste. 
Bestial.     Brutish;  sensual;  depraved. 
Broad.     Loose;  indelicate;  bold. 
Carnal.     Sensual. 

Carnal-minded.     Fleshly    lustful;  sensual. 
Coarse.     Not  refined  or  modest,  low ,  vulgar. 
Concupiscent.     Lustful,  carnal,  sensual. 
Debauched.     Corrupted  in  morals,  made  unchaste. 
Dissipated.     Pursuing  pleasure  to  excess. 
Dissolute.     Abandoned,  lewd;  profligate. 

Equivocal.     Ascribable  either  to  good  or  bad  motives;  questionable. 
Erotic.     Amorous,  amatory. 

Frail.     Deficient  in  moral  strength    liable  to  be  led  away. 
Free.     Unduly  familiar;  indelicate,  immodest. 
Fulsome.     Coarse ,  indelicate. 
Gallant.     Polite  and  attentive  to  ladies. 
Gay.     Loving  pleasure ;  wanton. 


Abuse .     A  corrupt,  immoral,  or  vicious  practise  or  act ;  violation  ;  rape. 
Adultery.    Sexual  intercourse  of  two  persons,  either  of  whom  is  mar- 
ried to  a  third  person. 
Advoutry.     Adultery. 
Amour  [F.].     Illicit  love  affair. 
Amourette  [F.].     Intrigue. 
Bawdry.     Unchastity;  obscene  language. 
Carnality.     Fleshly  lust,  or  the  indulgence  of  lust. 
Concubinage.     The  state  of  being  a  concubine  or  of  having  concu 

bines. 
Concupiscence.      Undue  lustful  appetite  or  passion;    illicit  sexual  de- 

sire. 
Cfim.  con.     Criminal  conversation. 

Cuckoldom.      The  state  of  being  the  husband  of  an  adulteress. 
Debauchery.     Seduction  from  virtue;     excessive  indulgence  of  the 

appetites;  sensuality. 
Defilement.     Pollution;  foulness. 
Defloration.     The  act  of  depriving  of  virginity. 
Dissipation.     Profuseness  in  vicious  indulgence,  as  late  hours,  riotous 

living,  etc. 
Double  entendre  [F .].   Double  meaning,  one  meaning  being  indelicate 
Equivoque  [F.].     Equivocation. 
Faux  pas  [F.J.     A  false  step;  a  mistake. 
Flesh.     The  carnal  and  sinful  nature  of  man. 
Fornication.     Illicit  sexual  intercourse  of  unmarried  persons. 
Free-love.     The  practise  of  consorting  with  the  opposite  sex,  at  pleas. 

ure  without  marriage. 
Gallantry.     Excessive  attention  paid  to  women. 
Grossness,  etc.     Shamefulness,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Harlotry.     The  trade  of  a  harlot;  habitual  lewdness. 
Immodesty.     Want  of  modesty,  delicacy,  or  decent  reserve. 
Im  pudicity.     Immodesty. 
Impurity.     The  condition  or  quality  of  being  impure  in  any  sense; 

defilement;  foulness;  foul  matter,  language,  action,  etc. 
Incest.     Sexual  intercourse  between  persons  too  nearly  related  for 

legal  marriage. 
Incontinence.     Failure  to  restrain  the  passions;   indulgence  of  hist. 
Indecency.     Want  of  decency,  modesty,  or  good  manners ;  obscenity; 

an  indecent  word  or  act. 
Indelicacy.    Want  of  a  nice  sense  of,  or  regard  for,  purity,  propriety, 

or  of  refinement. 
Intrigue.     A  secret  and  illicit  love  affair  between  two  persons  of  di£ 

ferent  sexes. 
Lasciviency .     Lasci viousness ;  wantonness. 
Lechery.     Free  or  scandalous  indulgence  in  hist. 
Liaison  [F.].     Intrigue. 
Libertinaqe  [F.].     Libertinism;  lewdness. 
Libertinism.     Unrestrained  indulgence  in  licentious  practises. 
Lubricity.     Lewdness. 

Lust.     Unlawful  or  inordinate  desire  for  carnal  pleasure. 
Obscenity.     Obscene  character  or  quality,  lewdness;  lewd  actions. 
Pruriency.     The    quality  or   state  of   being  inclined  to    lascivious 

thoughts  and  desires. 
Rape.     Sexual  connection  with  a  woman  without  her  consent. 
Ribaldry.     Low.  vulgar  language;  indecency;  obscenity,  lewdness. 
Salacity.     Strong  propensity  to  venery,  lust. 
Seduction.     Enticement  to  do  wrong;  enticing  a  woman  to  consent 

to  unlawful  sexual  intercourse. 
Smut.     Obscene  language;  ribaldry. 
Social  evil.     Prostitution. 
Stupration.     Violation  of  chastity  by  force. 

Uncleanness,  etc.     Moral  impurity,  etc.    See  Cleanness-Filthinsss. 
Venery.     Sexual  indulgence,  especially  when  excessive. 
Violation.     Ravishment;  rape,  outrage. 
Wenching.     Act  of  frequenting  houses  of  ill  fame. 
Whoredom.   The  practise  of  unlawful  sexual  intercourse .  fornication. 

Impurity — Associated  Nouns. 
Bagnio.     A  brothel. 
Bawdy-house.  "J 

Bordel.  >  A  house  devoted  to  prostitution. 

Brothel.  ) 

Harem.     The  apartments  of  the  wives  and  concubine*  of  a  Moham* 

medan. 
House  of  ill  fame.     A  brothel. 
Seraglio.     A  harem. 
Stew.     A  brothel. 
Supanar  [L.].     A  house  of  ill  fame. 

Impurity — Verbs.  c 

Abuse.     To  violate;  ravish.  .-  "     I 

Be  impure,  etc.     To  be  defiled  by  sin.     See  Adjectives; 

{Continued  on  Column  i.)  | 


PURITY. 


837 


PURPOSE. 


IMPURITY—  Adjectives— Continued. 


Gross.     Coarse  in  meaning. 

Immodest.     Wanting  in  modesty;  impure;  sensual. 

Impure.     Foul,  defiled  by  sin;  unchaste. 

Incestuous.     Guilty  of  incest,  of  the  nature  of  incest. 

Incontinent.     Exercising  no  restraint  over  the  passions. 

Indecent.     Immodest,  gross,  obscene. 

Indecorous.  Contrary  to  recognized  rules  of  good  breeding;  un- 
seemly; rude. 

Indelicate.     Coarse;  immodest. 

Lascivious  Having,  denoting,  or  tending  to  produce  wanton  desires; 
lustful. 

Lecherous.     Given  to  or  characterized  by  lewdness  or  lust. 

Lewd .     Characterized  by  lust ;  libidinous. 

Libidinous.     Characterized  by  lewdness. 

Licentious.     Wanton;  lascivious;  lewd. 

Lickerish.     Tempting  or  tempted  by  appetite ;  lustful. 

Light.     Characterized  by  moral  laxity. 

Loose.     Dissolute,  lewd.  * 

Lustful.     Having  carnal  or  sensual  desire. 

Meretricious.     Vulgar  and  tawdry;  pertaining  to  a  harlot;  wanton. 

No  better  than  she  should  be.     Unchaste. 

Not  to  be  mentioned  to  ears  polite.     Indecent ;  indecorous. 

Obscene.     Offensive  to  chastity,  decency,  or  modesty. 


Of  easy  virtue.     Easily  seduced. 

Of  loose  character.     Lewd;  dissolute. 

On  the  loose.     Obtaining  one's  living  by  prostitution. 

On  the  pave"  [Fj.     On  the  pavement;  being  a  prostitute. 

On  the  streets.!  *  .  . ..    . 

On  the  town.    )  Being  a  prostitute. 

Paphian.     A  native  of  Paphos;  a  prostitute,  as  a  votary  of  Venus. 
Pornographic.     Pertaining  to  licentious  painting  or  literature;   las- 
civious. 
Prurient.     Inclined  to  lascivious  thoughts  and  desires. 
Rakish.     Dissolute;  profligate. 
Rampant.     Unbridled;  unrestrained. 
Ribald.     Indulging  in  or  manifesting  coarse  indecency. 
Riggish.     Like  a  rig  or  wanton. 
Ruttish.     Inclined  to  rut;  lustful. 
Salacious.     Lustful;  lecherous. 
Shameless.     Wanting  modesty,  indecent. 
Smutty.     Obscene;  not  modest  or  pure. 
Unchaste.     Not  continent;  lewd. 
Unclean,  etc.     Foul;  dirty;  filthy;  morally  impure,  etc.     See  Clean- 

NESS-FlLTHINESS. 

Voluptuous.     Exciting  sensual  desires;  sensual. 
Wanton.     Loose;  dissolute;  lustful. 


PURITY— RAKE. 


Rake. 
Adulterer.     A  man  who  commits  adultery. 
Adulteress.     A  woman  who  commits  adultery. 
Advoutress.     An  adulteress. 
Aspasia.     The  mistress  of  Pericles  of  Athens. 
Baggage.     A  disreputable  woman. 
Bawd.     The  keeper  of  a  brothel. 
Bitch.     A  wench  or  lewd  woman. 
Bluebeard.      A  cruel  or  tyrannical  husband,    a   hero  of  medieval 

romance. 
Bona  roba  [It.].     A  courtezan. 
Chartered  libertine.     A  privileged  loose  liver. 
Chere  amie  [F.].     A  mistress. 
Cocotte  [F.].     A  professionally  lewd  woman. 

Conciliatrix  IL.].     A  woman  who  secures  girls  for  immoral  purposes. 
Concubine.     A  kept  mistress. 

Courtezan.     A  woman  who  prostitutes  herself  for  gain. 
Cyprian.     A  lewd  woman. 
Debauchee.     A  sensual  or  dissipated  person. 
Delilah.     The  mistress  of  Samson 

Demi-monde.     A  class  of  persons  of  equivocal  reputation. 
Demirep.     A  woman  of  questionable  chastity. 
Don  Juan.     An  aristocratic  libertine  hero  of  Moliere,  Gluck,  Mozart, 

Byron  and  others 
Doxy.     A  mistress 
Drab.     A  prostitute. 

Fast  man.     A  man  of  loose  morals.  • 

Fille  de  joie  [F.}      A  woman  of  licentious  pleasure. 
Fornicator.     A  man  who  commits  fornication 
Fornicatress.     A  woman  who  commits  fornication. 
Frail  sisterhood.     Women  of  easy  virtue. 
Gallant.     A  man  who  pays  court  to  women :  used  sometimes  in  a  bad 

sense 
Gay  Lothario.      A   licentious  character  in  Rowe's  play,  The  Fair 

Penitent. 
Goat.     A  lecher. 

Grisette.     A  French  working  girl  of  easy  virtue. 
Harlot.     A  woman  who  prostitutes  her  body  for  hire. 
Harridan.     A  vixenish  hag. 
Hussy.     A  pert  or  forward  girl. 
Intrigant  [F  ]      A  man  given  to  intrigue. 
Jade,     A  vicious  woman. 

Jezebel.     The  wife  of  Ahab.  king  of  Israel,  notorious  for  profligacy. 
Lais      A  notorious  Grecian  courtezan 
Lecher.     An  habitually  lewd  man. 

Libertine.     One  who  leads  a  dissolute  and  licentious  life. 
Loose  fish.     People  of  easy  virtue. 

purl.     To  flow  with  a  gentle  noise.     Loudness-Faint- 

ness,  Musician,  River-Wind. 
pur'-heus.     Environs.     Environment-Interposition, 

Remoteness-Nearness. 
pur-loin'.   To  steal.    Theft. 
pur'-ple.    Red  tinged  with  blue.   Redness-Greenness, 

Scepter,   Yellowness -Purple;    purple   and     fine 

linen,  Sensuality-Suffering. 


Lorette  [F.].     The  select  class  of  prostitutes  i.i  Paris. 

Mackerel.     Bawd. 

Messalina.     The    dissolute    and    licentious    wife    of    the    Emperor 

Claudius. 
Minx.     A  forward  girl. 
Miss.     A  mistress. 

Mistress.     A  woman  who  unlawfully  fills  the  place  of  a  wife. 
Mopsy.     A  slovenly  untidy  woman. 
Paillard  [F.].     A  rake. 

Pandar.l  A  man  who  obtains  for  others  the  means  for  gratifying 
Pander.)       lust      [Homer,  Shakespeare,  Troilus  and  Cressida.] 
Pedte  dame  [F  ].     A  mistress. 
Phryne.     A  celebrated  Athenian  courtezan. 
Piece.     A  low,  bold  person. 
Pimp.     A  pander. 

Procuress.     A  woman  who  procures  girls  for  immoral  purposes. 
Prostitute .     A  woman  who  practises  lewdness  for  hire. 
Punk.     A  prostitute. 
Quean.     A  low,  worthless  woman 
Rake.     A  disorderly,  loose  person  given  to  lewdness. 
Rake-hell.     An  utterly  abandoned  wretch. 
Rig.     A  strumpet. 

Rip.     A  dissipated  or  depraved  person. 
Satyr.     A  very  lascivious  person. 

Seducer.     One  who  persuades  a  woman  to  surrender  her  chastity. 
Skit.     A  frivolous  girl. 
Slut.     A  wench. 

Street-walker.     A  prostitute  who  solicits  in  the  streets. 
Strumpet.     A  prostitute. 

Thais.     The  mistress  of  Alexander  the  Great. 
Trollop.     A  prostitute. 
Trull.     A  common  prostitute. 
Unfortunate.  ~\ 

Unfortunate  female.  >  A  woman  who  prostitutes  herself  for  hire. 
Unfortunate  woman. J 
Voluptuary,  etc.     One  addicted  to  sensual  and  lustful  pleasures. 

See  MODBRATION-VOLUPTUARY. 

Wencb.     A  woman  of  ill  fame. 

Whore,     A  woman  who  practises  sexual  intercourse  for  hire. 

Whoremonger.     A  man  who  has  intercourse  with  whores 

Wittol.  A  man  who  knows  his  wife's  infidelity  and  tamely  sub- 
mits to  it. 

Woman.     A  woman  of  doubtful  reputation. 

Woman  of  easy  virtue,  etc.  A  woman  of  ill  fame.  See  Purity- 
Impurity. 

Woman  of  the  town.     A  street-walker 


pur'-port.    Intent.    Meaning-Jargon. 

pur'-pose.  Aim.  Purpose-Luck;  infirm  of  purpose, 
Determination-Vacillation  ;  on  purpose,  Pur- 
pose-Luck; serve  a  purpose,  Usefulness-Useless- 
ness;  tenacity  of  purpose,  Persistence-Whim;  to 
little  or  no  purpose,  Success-Failure,  Usefulness* 
Uselessness;  to  some  purpose,  Success-Failure. 


PURPOSE. 


838 


PURPOSE— LUCK. 


PURPOSE— LUCK. 


Aim.     That  which  is  intended. 

Ambition.     An  eager  desire  orsteadfast  purpose  toachievesomething. 

Animus.     The  animating  thought  or  purpose. 

Arriere  pens&e  [P.].     An  afterthought. 

BulTs-eye.     The  central  division  of  a  target  aimed  at. 

Butt.     A  subject  aimed  at  in  criticism. 

Contemplation.     The  act  of  keeping  the  eye  or   mind  upon  some 

object  c  r  subject. 
Cut  bono  ,L.].     To  what  end:  for  whose  good. 
Decision.     The  definite  determination  of  a  contest  or  question. 
Design.     A  fixed  purpose  or  intention. 
Destination.     The  point  to  which  one  directs  his  course. 
Determination.     The  formation  of  a  fixed  purpose. 
Drift,  etc.     The  end  toward  which  anything  moves.     See  Meaning. 
End.      The  purpose  in  view. 
Final  cause.     The  designed  or  intended  result. 
Game.     A  plan  or  scheme  pursued. 

Goal.     The  point  toward  which  effort  or  movement  is  directed. 
Intent  ~\ 

In  ention.  >That  which  is  designed  or  purposed. 

Intentionality.) 

Look  out.     The  act  of  observing  or  watching. 
Mark.     An  object  serving  to  guide  or  direct. 
Mind.     Disposition  or  mental  tendency. 
Motive.     That  which  incites  to  action. 

Object.     That  on  which  one  sets  his  mind  as  an  end  to  be  realized. 
Point.     That  to  which  effort  is  directed. 
Predetermination.     The   act    of   disposing   or   ordering  before   the 

event.     See  Predetermination. 
Prey,     That  upon  which  one  exerts  his  power  or  influence. 
Project.     Something  projected  or  mapped  out  in  the  mind. 
Proposal.     An  offer  proposing  something  to  be  accepted  or  adopted. 
Purpose.     The  idea  or  ideal  kept  before  the  mind  as  an  end  of  effort 

or  action. 
Purview.     The  extent  or  scope  of  anything. 
Quarry.     Anything  hunted  or  eagerly  pursued. 
Quintain.     An  object  or  person  set  up  to  be  tilted  at. 
Quo  antmo  [L.].     With  what  mind  or  intention. 
Raison  d'etre  [F.].     The  reason  for  existence. 

Resolution.     The  purpose  or  course  resolved  upon.     See  Persist- 
ence. 
Resolve.       j  pixed 
Set  purposeJ  *     * 

Settled  purpose.     Firm  intention 
Study.     The  application  of  thought  to  a  subject. 
Target.     Figuratively,  that  which  is  made  an  object  of  attack  or 

center  of  intention. 
Tendency.     The   state    of   tending   toward  some    purpose,  end.  or 

result.     See  Inclination. 
The  be-all  and  the  end-all.     That  toward  which  all  effort  is  directed. 

[Shakespeare.  Macbeth,  i.  7.] 
Ultimatum.     The  last  or  only  condition. 
Undertaking.     Any  work  or  project  which  a  person  engages  in  or 

attempts  to  perform. 
View.     Range  or  scope  of  thought. 
Wish.     Strong  and  persistent  desire  or  longing. 

Purpose — Scientific  Noun. 
Teleology.     The  study  of  final  causes. 

Purpose — Verbs. 
Calculate.     To  adjust  for  a  purpose. 
Compass.     To  purpose;  intend. 

Contemplate.     To  consider  or  have  in  view;  look  forward  to. 
Design.     To  intend  or  purpose. 
Desire.     To  long  for;  express  a  wish  for.     See  Desire. 

Dr  t'ne      J  ^°  °^etermme  tne  future  condition  or  application  of. 

Intend.  To  set  the  mind  upon  to  accomplish;  purpose  to  convey  as 
a  meaning. 

Mean.  To  intend  as  a  matter  of  present  effect  or  expression;  pur- 
pose. 

Meditate.     To  plan  in  the  mind. 

Premeditate.  To  revolve  in  the  mind  or  meditate  upon  beforehand. 
See  Predetermination. 

Project.     To  sketch  out  or  purpose  in  the  mind.     See  Design. 

Propose.     To  formulate,  as  a  purpose. 

Purpose.     To  have  or  place  before  oneself,  as  an  aim  or  intent 

Pursue.     To  follow  with  a  purpose.     See  Quest. 

Purpose — Verbal  Expressions. 
Aim  at;   aspire  after;  aspire  at;   be  after;   be  at;  bid  for;  dream  of: 
drive  at;    endeavor  after;    harbor  a  design;    have  a  mind  to  (see 


Chance,  etc.  That  which  happens  in  virtue  of  laws  of  whose  opera 
tions  we  are  more  or  less  ignorant.     See  Rationale-Luck. 

Fate,  etc.  Predetermined  and  inevitable  necessity.  See  Volition- 
Obligation. 

Good  luck,  etc.     A  degree  of  luck.     See  Good. 

Hazard.     Exposure  to  the  chance  of  loss  or  injury 

Lot.     That  which  falls  to  any  one  as  his  fortune 

Luck.     A  casual  event,  good  or  ill,  affecting  any  one. 

Luck — Denotations. 
Bet.     The  act  of  betting. 
Betting.     The  risking  of  a  certain  thing  or  sum  against  anothe. 

thing  or  sum  on  the  issue  of  an  uncertain  event. 
Blind  bargain.     A  bargain  made   without  intelligent  direction  01 

control. 
Chuck-farthing.     A  game  in  which  coins  are  pitched. 
Cross  and  pile.     The  game  called  heads  or  tails. 
Cup-tossing,     A  game  of  chance. 

Drawing  lots.     Determination  of  anything  by  chance. 
Faro,     A  gambling  game  in  which  all  the  players  play  against  the 

dealer. 
Faro-bank.     The  venture  of  the  owner  of  a  faro-table. 
Fluke.     Any  unexpected  advantage. 

Game  of  chance.     A  game  in  which  the  result  is  uncertain. 
Heads  or  tails.     A  phrase  used  when  tossing  a  coin  to  decide  a 

proposition. 

Leap  in  the  dark.)   *      <r  _*     -*i.  •  A     *• 

Mere  shot  J        effort  without  purpose  or  intention. 

Pig  in  poke,  etc.     A  blind  bargain.     See  Certainty-Doubt. 
Pitch-and-toss.     A  game  in  which  pennies  are  pitched  at  a  mark, 

the  player  coming  nearest  being  allowed  to  toss  all  the  pennies  in 

the  air  and  retain  those  that  come  down  with  the  heads  up. 
Pot-luck.     Whatever  may  chance  to  be  in  the  pot  to  eat. 
Random  shot.     A  shot  without  aim. 
Rouge  et  noir  [F  ].     A  game  of  cards  in  which  stakes  are  deposited 

upon  red  or  black  compartments  of  a  table. 
Roulette      A  gambling  game. 
Sortes  [L.]      Lots 
Sortes  Virgiliante  [L.]      A  kind  of  divination  in  which  a  passage  o> 

Virgil  was  drawn  at  random  to  indicate  future  events. 
Sortilegy.     Divination  by  drawing  lots. 
Sortition.      Selection  by  lot. 

Speculation.     A  more  or  less  risky  investment  of  money. 
Stake.     Something  wagered  or  risked  on  a  competition. 
The  turf.     The  race-course.  • 

Venture,     An  undertaking  attended  with  risk. 
Wager.     An  agreement  between  two  or  more  persons  that  a  certain 

sum  of  money  or  other  thing  shall  be  paid  to  one  of  them  on  the 

happening  or  not  happening  of  an  event. 

Luck— iVowMs  of  Instrument. 

Dice-box.     The  box  from  which  dice  are  thrown  in  gaming. 

Mascot.     Something  regarded  as  bringing  good  luck  to  the  possessor. 

Luck — Nouns  of  Place. 

Betting-house.     A  place  where  betting  is  done 
Betting-ring.     The  betting  arena  on  a  race-course. 

am      ng-      u     .  1  ^ny  pj^g  £or  piaving  games  for  stakes  or  wagers. 
Hell.     A  gambling-house. 

Luck — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Adventurer.     One   who  risks  a  thing  on   chance;  an  unprincipled 

schemer. 
Dicer.     A  dice  player. 
Gambler.     One  who  gambles. 
Gamester.     One  who  is  viciously  addicted  to  play  for  money. 

Luck — Verbs. 
Bet.     To  stake  or  pledge  on  an  uncertain  issue. 
Buy  a  pig  in  a  poke.     To  purchase  blindly,  as  a  pig  m  a  bag. 
Cast  lots.     To  throw  dice   or  similar  objects  for  the  purpose   of 

determining  a  question. 
Chance,  etc.     To  occur  without  design.     See  Rationale-Luck. 
Chance  it.     To  venture  upon. 
Draw  lots.     To  determine  a  question  by  drawing  one  thing  fronr 

another  whose  marks  are  concealed  from  the  drawer. 
Encounter  chance    |  To  take  '  rfsk 
Encounter  the  nsk.J 
Gamble.     To  play  a  game  for  a  stake. 
Game.     To  lose  or  wager  at  play. 
Hazard.     To  venture  to  take  the  risk  involved  in. 
Incur  chance.     To  risk 


PURPOSE. 


839 


PURVEY. 


PURPOSE— LUCK— Continued. 
PUR  POSE — Verbal  Expressions — Continued. 


LUCK — Verbs — Continued, 


Readiness);  have  an  eye  to;  have  in  contemplation;  have  in 
one's  eye;  have  in  petto  to  have  in  the  breast,  hence  in  secrecy; 
have  in  view;  have  to;  labor  at;  labor  for;  level  at;  point  at; 
propose  to  oneself;  set  before  oneself;  study  to;  take  aim;  take 
into  one's  head;  take  upon  oneself  (see  Enterprise);  talk  of; 
think  of. 

Purpose — Adjectives. 

Advised.     Done  with  intention  and  forethought. 

At  stake.     In  danger;  pledged. 

Bent  upon.     With  fixed  purpose. 

Bound  for.     Having  a  definite  intention  or  direction. 

Determinate.     Determined  or  resolved  upon. 

Express.     Intended  for  a  particular  purpose. 

In  petto  [It.]      In  the  breast ;  in  secrecy. 

In  prospect..     In  anticipation. 


Intended.  \  D 

r  Purpi 


osed  to  be  done.     See  Verbs 


Intending.. 

Intentional.     With  forethought.     See  Nouns. 

In  the  breast  of.     In  secrecy. 

In  view.     In  anticipated  foresight. 

Minded.      Disposed;  inclined. 

On  the  anvil.      Under  discussion. 

On  the  tapis.     On  the  table;  hence,  under  consideration, 

Prepense,  etc.     Considered  beforehand.     See  Predetermination. 

Teleological.      Of  or  pertaining  to  teleology,  the  doctrine  of  design. 

Purpose — Adverbs 

Advisedly.     With  forethought  and  advice. 

Deliberately.     With    careful    consideration.     See     Predetermina- 
tion. 
Designedly       Purposely. 
For.     In  view  of. 

Intentionally.     With  forethought.     See  Adjectives. 
Knowingly.     In  a  knowing  manner. 
Pointedly.     In  a  pointed  or  direct  manner. 
Purposely.     According  to  purpose  or  design. 
Studiously.     Earnestly. 
Wittingly.     With  knowledge  and  by  design. 

Purpose — Adverbial  Phrases. 
Advised  by;  by  design;  for  the  purpose  of;  in  cold  blood;  in  con- 
templation of;  in  order  that;  in  order  to;  in  pursuance  of;  on 
account  of;  on  purpose;  pursuant  to;  quo  animo  [L.],  in  what 
mind;  to  all  intents  and  purposes;  to  the  end  that;  with  an  eye  to; 
with  a  view  of;  with  intent;  with  one's  eyes  open;  with  the  intent 
that;  with  the  view  of. 


LUCK — Adverbs,  etc. — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Casually,  etc.     Without  being  expected  or  foreseen.    See  Rationale- 
Luck. 
En  passant  [F.].     By  the  way. 
Incidentally.     Without  design. 

Unintentionally,  etc.     Without  design.     See  Adjectives. 
Unwittingly.     Without  knowledge. 

Luck — Phrases 
Dertro  tempore  [L].  At  a  lucky  moment. 
Acierta  errando  [Sp.l.     He  blunders  into  the  right. 

pur'-pose-less.    Without  purpose.    Purpose-Luck. 

pur'-pose-ly.  Intentionally.  Purpose-Luck,  Voli- 
tion-Obligation. 

pur'-pure.    Purple.    Yellowness-Purple. 

purr.   To  murmur  as  a  cat    Cry-Ululation 

purse.  A  money  bag.  Money,  Treasury;  long  purse, 
Affluence-Penury;  purse  up,  Enlargement- 
Diminution;  put  into  one's  purse,  Giving-Receiv- 
ing. 

purse'-bear"-er.  One  who  takes  charge  of  the  money. 
Treasurer. 

purse'-proud".  Proud  of  money.  Selfrespect-Hum- 
bleness. 

purs'-er.    A  paymaster  of  a  ship.    Treasurer. 

purse'-strings".  Fastening  of  a  purse.  Treasury; 
draw  the  purse-strings,  Settlement-Default;  cpen 
the  purse-strings,  Outlay-Income. 


Incur  the  risk.     To  take  the  consequences 

Lay.     To  deposit  as  a  wager;  risk. 

Lay  a  wager.        \T     .,  -  .        ,  . 

Leave  to  chance,  t  .  a  sum  °    moneV  or  other  thing  on  the  hap- 

Make  a  bet       '     J      Penin8°rn°t  happening  of  an  uncertain  event. 

Play  at  chuck-farthing.     To  play  the  game  in  which  a  farthing  is 

pitched  into  a  hole. 
Play  for.     To  gamble  for. 

Put  into  a  lottery.     To  risk  in  an  affair  of  chance. 
Raffle.     To  dispose  of  by  drawing  lots. 
Risk.     To  expose  to  a  chance  of  injury  or  loss. 

Run  toe  risk.}  To  take  the  risk  involved  in- 

Set  on  a  cast.     To  entrust  to  chance. 

Shuffle  the  cards.     To  gamble. 

Speculate.     To  make  a  venturesome  transaction. 

Stake.     To  wager;  hazard. 

Stand  a  chance,  etc.     To  have  a  good  opportunity  of  occurring.     See 

Possibility. 
Stand  the  hazard  of  the  die.     To  venture  something  on  the  throw  of 

dice. 
Take  one's  chance.     To  risk. 
Tempt  fortune.     To  try  one's  luck. 
Toss  up.     To  leave  to  chance. 
Trust  to  chance.     To  venture. 

Trust  to  the  chapter  of  accidents.     To  trust  to  chance. 
Venture,     To  run  the  risk  of. 
Wager.     To  stake  on  an  uncertain  event. 

Luc  k — A  djectives. 

Accidental.     Happening  by  chance. 

Aimless.     Without  aim 

Causeless.     Self-originating;  uncreated. 

Designless.     Happening  without  intention. 

Driftless.     Having  no  drift  or  direction ;  purposeless. 

Fortuitous,  etc.     Happening  by  chance.     See  Rationale-Luck. 

Indiscriminate.     Confused ;  promiscuous. 

Never  thought  of.     Seemingly  impossible. 

Not  meant.     Contrary  to  intention. 

Possible,  etc.  Barely  able  to  be,  or  to  come  to  pass.  See  Possi- 
bility. 

Promiscuous.     Confused;  mingled  indiscriminately. 

Purposeless.     Having  no  purpose  or  result. 

Random.     Done  at  hazard :  left  to  chance. 

Undesigned.     Not  intended. 

Undirected.     Not  guided. 

Unintended.     Not  designed. 

Unintentional.      Happening  by  chance. 

Unpremeditated,  etc.  Not  done  by  design.  See  Predetermina- 
tion-Impulse. 

Unpurposed.     Not  intentional. 

Without  purpose.     Aimless. 

Luck — Adverbs,  etc. 
As  it  may  happen.     By  chanse. 
At  a  venture.     Without  seeing  the  end  or  mark. 
At  haphazard.     Without  foreseeing  the  issue. 
At  random.     By  chance;  at  hazard. 
By  the  way.     By  chance. 

{Continued  on  Column  1  ) 

pur-su'-ant  to.    In  accordance  with.    Purpose-Luck. 

pur-sue'.  Follow;  chase.  Approach-Withdrawal, 
Discontinuance-Continuance,  Leading-Follow- 
ing, Purpose-Luck,  Quest-Evasion;  pursue  a 
course,  Action-Passiveness  ;  pursue  an  inquiry,  In- 
vestigation-Answer; pursue  the  tenor  of  one's 
way,  Conceit-Diffidence,  Occupation. 

pur-su'-er.  One  who  chases.  Approach-Withdrawal, 
Quest-Evasion 

pur-suit'.  Chase.  Occupation-Abandonment,  Quest- 
Evasion. 

pur'-sui-vant .    A  royal  messenger.    Messenger. 

pur'-sy.    Short-breathed.    Enlargement-Diminution. 

pu'-ru-lent.  Consisting  of  pus.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness. 

pur-vey'.  To  provide.  Nutriment-Excretion,  Pro- 
vision-Waste". 


PURVEYANCE. 


840 


PUSH— PULL. 


pur-vey'-ance .    Supplying.   Provision-Waste,  Substi- 
tute. 
pur-vey'-or.   A  commissary.    Provision-Waste. 
pur'-view.    Scope.    Purpose-Luck. 
pus.    The  matter  of  an  ulcer.    Cleanness-Filthiness 
Pu'-sey-ism.  A  kind  of  ritualism.  Orthodoxy-Hetero 

DOXY. 

Pu'-sey-ite.    One  who  holds  the  principles  of  Puseyism. 

Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 
push.      Impel;    activity.      Activity-Indolence,  Ad- 


vance-Retrogression, Condition-Situation,  Im- 
petus-Reaction, Push-Pull,  Venture;  come  to 
the  push,  Difficulty-Facility;  push  aside,  Admis- 
sion-Expulsion, Carefulness-Carelessness,  Re- 
gard-Disrespect; push  forward,  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Advance-Retrogression,  Hurry-Leisure, 
Obstruction-Help;  push  from,  Attraction-Re- 
pulsion; push  on,  Hurry-  Leisure;  push  out, 
Height-Lowness  ;  push  to  the  last,  Earliness-Late-» 

NESS.  tf 


PUSH— PULL. 


Discharge.  The  act  of  discharging  or  of  sending  forth,  or  pushing 
forth. 

Ejaculation.     A  throwing  out  suddenly,  as  of  the  voice. 

Ejection.  The  act  of  ejecting,  or  of  driving  out  with  force;  an  ex- 
pulsion.    See  Admission-Expulsion. 

Fling.     The  act  of  casting  out;  a  kick. 

Projection.     The  act  of  projecting,  or  of  shooting  forth. 

Propulsion.     The  act  of  propelling;  an  impulse  given. 

Push.     A  propelling;  a  repulsion.     See  Impetus. 

Shot.     A  stroke  or  hit,  as  if  delivered  by  a  propelling  force. 

Shy.     A  throwing  with  a  sidelong  motion  or  at  random. 

Throw.     An  act  of  throwing  or  hurling. 

Toss.     An  upward  throwing  from  the  hand. 

Vis  a  tergo  [L.j.     A  force  from  behind. 

Push — Denotations. 

Archery.     The  art  of  shooting  with  the  bow. 

Arrow.     A  missile  weapon  to  be  shot  from  a  bow. 

Ball.  A  round  body  used  in  various  games;  the  projectile  from  a 
gun. 

Ballistics.  The  science  that  deals  with  the  impact,  path,  and  ve- 
locity of  projectiles. 

Brickbat.     A  piece  of  a  brick  used  as  a  missile. 

Discus.     The  quoit  of  the  ancients. 

Gun.     A  metal  tube  for  firing  projectiles.     See  Weapon. 

Missile.     An  object  thrown,  or  intended  to  be  thrown. 

Projectile.     A  missile  for  discharge  from  a  large  gun  or  cannon. 

Quoit.  A  circular  piece  of  iron  with  a  round  hole  in  the  center,  to  be 
thrown  at  iron  pins  or  stakes. 

Shot.     A  projectile  from  a  gun. 

Push — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Archer.     One  who  uses  bow  and  arrow. 

Bowman.     One  who  uses  a  bow. 

Lrac    s  o  .    ^  man  eXpert  jn  shooting. 

Good  shot.  > 

Marksman.     One  skilled  in  shooting  at  a  mark. 

Rifleman.     One  who  uses  a  rifle. 

Sharpshooter.     One  skilled  with  the  rifle.     See  Belligerent. 

Shooter.)  Amarksman 

Shot.       ' 

Toxophilite.     One  skilled  in  archery. 

Push — Verbs. 
Bolt.     To  expel  with  force. 
Boost.     To  shove  up  from  behind. 
Carry  off  one's  legs.     To  push  off  one's  support. 
Cast.     To  throw  off;  drive  with  force. 
Chuck.     To  throw  at  a  short  distance. 
Dart.     To  throw  suddenly;  shootout. 

Dash.     To  throw  violently;  break  into  pieces  by  throwing. 
Discharge.     To  send  forth ;  make  pass  out,  as  a  charge  in  a  gun. 
Drive.     To  push  in  front  of  oneself;  urge  forward. 
Ejaculate.     To  throw  out  suddenly,  as  the  voice;  exclaim. 
Expel.     To  drive  out  with  violence.     See  Admission-Expulsion. 
Fillip.     To  strike  by  a  fillip;  impel  by  some  inciting  force. 
Fire  off.     To  discharge,  as  a  gun. 

Fling.     To  throw  with  suddenness;  send  forth  freely. 
Flirt.     To  wave  lightly;  toss  about  playfully  or  lightly. 
Fulminate.     To  thunder;  issue  decrees  with  menaces  or  censures. 
Give  an  impulse  to.  1  To 
Give  a  start  to.         > 
Heave.     To  throw  with  strong  effort. 
Hurl.     To  throw  with  violence  and  force. 
Impel.     To  drive  forward.     See  Impetus. 
Jaculate.     To  throw  or  cast. 

Terk.  To  throw  with  a  jerk;  emit  with  a  short,  sharp,  sudden  m</ 
tion. 


Draft.     The  act  of  drawing;  a  haul. 

Drawing.     The  act  of  drawing,  or  of  causing  to  move  by  a  pull.    See 

Verbs, 
Haul.     A  pulling  with  force. 
Haulage.     The  act  of  hauling  or  dragging. 
Pull.     The  act  of  drawing  with  force. 

Rake.     An  instrument  for  pulling  together,  as  a  hay-rake;  a  pull. 
Towage.     The  act  of  towing. 
Traction.     The  act  of  drawing  by  some  power. 

Pull — Verbs, 

Drag.     To  pull  what  is  not  fitted  to  pull,  or  what  resists  pulling. 

Draw.     To  cause  to  move  with  oneself  or  in  the  same  direction. 

Haul.     To  draw  a  heavy  object  slowly. 

Jerk.     To  pull  in  a  jerking  manner. 

Lug.     To  pull  with  great  labor. 

Pull.     To  exert  a  drawing  force  of  any  kind. 

Rake.     To  gather  or  pull  together  with  a  rope. 

Swig.     To  tighten  a  rope. 

Take  in  tow.     To  pull  with  a  tow-line. 

Touse.     To  pull  to  pieces. 

Tow.     To  drag  behind,  as  a  boat. 

Trail.     To  drag  lightly,  as  a  garment. 

Train.     To  bring  into  a  particular  course. 

Tug.     To  pull  with  a  continuous  effort. 

Twitch.     To  pull  sharply. 

Wrench.     To  pull  violently  from  its  proper  place  ormeaning. 

Yank.     To  pull. 

P  u  l  l — A  djectives 
Drawing.     Moving  forward.     See  Verbs. 
Tractile.     Capable  of  being  drawn  out. 

Pull — Phrase. 
"A  long  pull,  a  strong  pull,  and  a  pull  all  together." 


PUSH— Verbs— Continued. 

Lance.     To  thrust  with  a  lance  or  as  with  a  lance. 
Launch.     To  push,  as  a  boat  in  the  water;  send  forth. 

£{&;}  To  discharge. 

Pitch.     To  send  forth  from  the  hand. 

Pitchfork.     To  handle  with  a  pitchfork. 

Project.     To  send  forth;  shoot  out. 

Propel.     To  drive  forward. 

Put  in  motion.     To  start. 

Put  to  flight.     To  drive  away;  scatter. 

Send.     To  drive  by  force;  throw. 

Send  forth.)  „, ~ 

Send  off.     (Tomove- 

Set  agoing.      j  To 

Set  in  motion.) 

Shoot.     To  make  to  go  out  with  force:  said  of  a  weapon:   cause  ui 

pass  out. 
Shy.     To  fling  carelessly. 

Sling.     To  fling  as  with  a  sling;  cast  forth  suddenly. 
Start.     To  set  in  motion. 

Throw.     To  cast  forth  to  a  distance ;  spread  carelessly. 
Tilt.     To  thrust,  as  with  a  lance. 

Toss.     To  throw  about;  throw  lightly  with  the  hand. 
Trundle.     To  roll  along  on  small  wheels.     See  Revolution. 

Push — A  djectives. 
Projectile.     Impelling  forward. 
Propelled.  j  Dfiven  forward      See  Verh^ 
Propelling.  I 
Propulsive .     Having  the  power  to  propeL 


PUSHING. 


841 


PYROTECHNY. 


push'-ing.  Urging;  active.  Activity-Indolence, 
Hurry-Leisure. 

pu"-sil-la-nim'-i-ty.  Cowardice.  Bravery-Coward- 
ice. 

puss.  A  cat.  Fauna-Flora;  play  puss  in  the  corner, 
Commutation-Permutation. 

pus'-sy.   A  cat.    Fauna-Flora. 

pus'-tule.  A  pimple.  Convexity-Concavity,  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement. 

put.  Place;  a  game  of  cards;  a  fool.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Establishment-Removal,  Gentility- 
Commonalty,  Sage-Fool  ;  neatly  put,  Purity- 
Crudeness;  put  about,  Advance-Retrogression, 
Circuition,  Publicity;  put  a  case,  Conventional- 
ity-Unconventionality,  Hypothesis;  put  a  con- 
struction on,  Interpretation-Misinterpertation; 
put  a  mark  upon,  Heed-Disregard;  put  an  end  to, 
Beginning-End,  Creation-Destructoin,  Discon- 
tinuance-Continuance, Life-Killing;  put  a  ques- 
tion, Investigation,  Answer;  put  aside,  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness, Heed-Disregard,  Inclusion- 
Omission,  Keeping-Relinquishment,  Use-Disuse; 
?ut  away,  Keeping-Relinquishment,  Matrimony- 
)ivorce;  put  away  thought,  Reflection-Vacancy; 
put  back,  Advance-Retrogression,  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Establishment-Removal,  Reno- 
vation-Relapse; put  before,  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy; put  by,  Store;  put  down,  Coercion,  Crea- 
tion-Destruction, Mark-Obliteration,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit, Settlement-Default,  Success- 
Failure;  put  forth,  Assertion-Denial,  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution, Hypothesis,  Proffer-Refusal, 
Publicity;  put  forward,  Assertion-Denial,  Hy- 
pothesis, Obstruction-Help,  Pomp,  Publicity; 
put  in  commission,  Commission-Abrogation;  put  in 
force,  Coercion,  Completion-Noncompletion;  put 
off,  Arrival-Departure,  Dress-Undress,  Earli- 
ness-Lateness,  Pretext;  put  on,  Dress-Undress, 
Hurry-Leisure,  Society-Affectation,  Swiftness- 
Slowness,  Truthfulness-Falsehood  ;  put  on  paper, 
Mark-Obliteration;  put  one's  hand  to,  Enter- 
prise; put  one's  nose  out  of  joint,  Reputation,  Dis- 
credit, Supremacy-Subordinacy  ;  put  one's  trust  in, 
Faith-Misgiving;  put  right,  Volition-Obligation; 
put  the  horses  to,  Preparation-Nonpreparation; 
put  the  saddle  on  the  right  horse,  Rationale-Luck  ; 
put  the  seal  to,  Completion-Noncompletion,  Con- 
tract; put  to  convenience,  Propriety-Impropri- 
ety; put  together,  Composition-Resolution,  Crea- 
tion-Destruction, Union-Disunion;  put  upon, 
Goodness-Badness,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

put  in.  To  place  in.  Arrival-Departure,  Injection- 
Ejection;  put  in  a  word,  Conversation-Mono- 
logue, Speech-Inarticulateness;  put  in  an  affi- 
davit, Assertion-Denial  ;  put  in  hand,  Enterprise  ; 
put  in  mind,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  put  in 
motion,  Movement-Rest;  put  in  one's  head,  Hy- 
pothesis; put  in  one's  pocket,  Giving-Receiving; 
put  in  order,  Organization-Disorganization;  put 
m  practise,  Conduct;  put  in  remembrance,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness; put  in  shape,  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization; put  in  the  place  of,  Com- 
mutation-Permutation; put  in  the  way  of,  Pos- 
sibility-Impossibility; put  in  trim,  Organization- 
Disorganization,   Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

put  out.  Place  out.  Certainty-Doubt,  Contented- 
ness  -  Discontentment,  Creation  -  Destruction, 
Difficulty- Facility,  Heating -Cooling,  Heed- 
Disregard,  Light-Darkness,  Outside-Inside; 
oneself  put  out  of  court,  Ratiocination-Instinct, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  put  out  of  countenance, 
Reputation-Discredit;  put  out  of -gear,  Might- 
Impotence;  put  out  of  joint,  Organization-Disor- 
ganization; put  out  of  one's  head,  Heed-Disregard; 


put  out  of  one's  misery,  Compassion-Ruthlessness; 
put  out  of  order,  Regularity-Irregularity;  put 
out  to  nurse,  Obstruction-Help. 

put  to.  Given;  hardly  pressed.  Petition-Expostula- 
tion, Rationale-Luck;  put  to  death,  Life-Killing; 
put  to  it,  Difficulty-Facility;  put  to  one's  oath, 
Engagement-Release;  put  to  press,  Writing- 
Printing;  put  to  rights,  Organization-Disorgan- 
ization; put  to  sea,  Arrival-Departure;  put  to 
shame,  Reputation-Discredit;  put  to  silence,  Vo- 
calization-Muteness; put  to  task,  Use-Disuse;  put 
to  the  blush,  Selfrespect-Humbleness;  put  to  tht 
door,  Aperture-Closure;  put  to  the  proof,  Trial; 
put  to  the  question,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness;  put  to  the  rack,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness;  put  to  the  sword,  Life-Killing;  put  to  the 
vote,  Choice-Neutrality  ;  put  to  use,  Use-Disuse. 

put  up.  Placed;  endure.  Establishment-Removal, 
Gathering-Scattering,  Store;  put  up  a  petition, 
Devotion-Idolatry,  Petition-Expostulation;  put 
up  a  prayer,  Devotion-Idolatry,  Petition-Expos- 
tulation; put  up  a  shutter,  Luminary-Shade;  put 
up  for,  Desire-Distaste;  put  up  for  sale,  Buying- 
Sale;  put  up  the  sword,  Fighting-Conciliation; 
put  up  to,  Motive-Caprice;  put  up  to  auction,  Buy- 
ing-Sale  ;  put  up  with,  Commutation-Permutation, 
Excitability-Inexcitability. 

pu'-ta-tive.  Supposed.  Faith-Misgiving,  Hypothesis, 
Rationale-Luck. 

pu'-tid.    Worthless.    Consequence-Insignificance. 

pu"-tre-fac-tion.  Decomposition.  Biology,  Clean- 
ness-Filthiness. 

pu'-tre-fied.    Rotted.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

pu'-tre-fy.    Rot.   Cleanness-Filthiness. 

pu-tres'-cence.    Rottenness.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

pu-tres'-cent.  Becoming  putrid.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness. 

pu'-trid.  Corrupt.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Perfume- 
Stench. 

put'-ty.  A  paste  of  whiting  and  linseed-oil.  Connec- 
tive. 

puz'-zle.  To  perplex.  Certainty-Doubt,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Tidings-Mys- 
tery. 

puz'-zled.  Perplexed.  Certainty-Doubt,  Difficulty- 
Facility. 

puz'-zle-head'-ed.  Full  of  confused  notions.  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 

puz'-zling.     Perplexing.     Clearness-Obscurity. 

Pyl'-a-des  and  O-res'-tes.  Characters  in  Greek  legend. 
Friend-Foe. 

pyr'-a-mid.  A  solid,  having  a  rectilinear  base,  and  its 
sides  triangles  having  a  common  vertex.  Angular- 
ity,    Gathering-Scattering,     Sharpness-Blunt- 

NESS. 

py-ram'-i-dal.  Having  the  form  of  a  pyramid.  Angu- 
larity, Mineralogy,  Sharpness-Bluntness. 

pyr'-a-mids.  A  game  of  pool  in  which  the  balls  are 
placed  in  a  triangle.    Entertainment-Weariness. 

pyre.    A  funeral  pile.    Life-Funeral. 

pyr-he"-li-om'-e-ter.  Scientific  instrument.  Astron- 
omy. 

pyr'-i-form.   Pear-shaped.    Roundness. 

py"-ro-clas'-tic.  Formed  from  a  kind  of  lava.  Ge- 
ology. 

py-rol'-c-gy.  Blowpipe  analysis.  Advance-Retro- 
gression. 

py'-rc-man"-cy.    Divination  by  fire.    Prophecy. 

py-rom'-e-ter.  A    high-temperature    thermometer. 

Thermometer. 

py"-rc-tech'-nics.  The  art  of  making  fireworks.  Lumi- 
nary-Shade. » 

py"-ro-tech'-ny.  The  use  of  fire  and  the  cautery  in  art 
and  surgery.    Heat-Cold. 


Pyrrhonism.  842  pyx. 

pyr'-rho-nism.    Skepticism.     Credulousness-Skepti-  Pyth'-i-a.    Delphi.    Soothsayer. 

cism,  Godliness-Disbelief.  py'-thon.   A  soothsayer. 

Pyr'-rho-nist.    Disciple  of  Pyrrho;  an  absolute  skeptic.  pyth'-o-ness.     Soothsayer. 

Faith-Misgiving,  Godliness-Disbeliep.  pyx.     A  vessel;    a  box  for  coins.     Ceremonial.  Con- 
Py-thag"-o-re'-aa.     Pertaining  to  Pythagoras.     Mod-  tents-Receiver,  Fane. 

bration-Selfindulgence. 


Q.  C 


843 


QUALIFY. 


§•  C.     Queen's  Counsel.     Advocate. 

Q.  E.  D.  Quod  erat  demonstrandum  [L.].  Which  was 
to  be  proved.     Proof-Disproof. 

quab.     An  unfledged  bird.     Infant-Veteran. 

quack.  A.  croaking  sound ;  a  medical  impostor.  Cry- 
Ululation,  Gull-Deceiver. 

quack'-er-y.  Fraudulent  practise.  Skill-Unskil- 
fulness,  Society-Affectation,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

quack'-salv"-er.  A  medical  impostor.  Gull-De- 
ceiver. 

quad.     A  quadrangle.     Dweller-Habitation. 

quad"-ra-ges'-i-ma.     Lent.     Fasting-Gluttony. 

quad'-raa"-gle.  A  four-sided  plane  figure;  a  four- 
sided  court.     Angularity,  Dweller-Habitation. 

quad-ran'-gu-lar.  Having  four  angles.  Angular- 
ity. 

quad'-rant.     A  right  angle;  the  quarter  of  a  circle. 
Angularity,  Circle-Winding. 

quad'-rate  with.  To  agree  with.  Harmony-Dis- 
cord. 

quad-rat'-ic.     Pertaining  to  a  square.     Quaternity. 

quad'-ra-ture.  A  squaring.  Angularity,  Quater- 
nity. 

quad-ren'-ni-al.  Occurring  once  in  four  years.  Peri- 
odicity-Irregularity. 

quad'-ri-ble.     That  may  be  squared.     Quaternity. 

quad"-ri-fa'-ri-ous.  Arranged  in  four  rows.  Quad- 
ruplication-Quadrisection. 


quad'-ri-fid.     Split    into    four    parts.     Quadruplica- 

tion-Quadrisection. 
quad"-ri-gem'-i-nal.       Fourfold.       Quadruplication- 

QUADRISECTION. 

quad"-ri-lat'-er-al.  Having  four  sides  and  four  angles. 
Angularity,  Laterality-Contraposition. 

qua-drille'.  A  square  dance.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

quad-ril'-lion.  A  unit  with  fifteen  ciphers  annexed. 
Multiplicity-Paucity. 

quad"-ri-par'-tite.  Consisting  of  four  parts.  Quad- 
ruplication-Quadrisection. 

quad"-ri-par-ti'-tion.  A  division  into  four  parts. 
Quadruplication-Quadrisection. 

quad'-ri-reme.  A  galley  with  four  banks  of  oars. 
Conveyance-Vessel. 

quad"-ri-sec'-tion.  A  subdivision  into  four  parts. 
Quadruplication-Quadrisection. 

quad"-ri-si'-ded.  Four-sided.  Laterality-Contra- 
position.- 

quad-roon'.  A  quarter-blooded  person.  Mixture- 
Homogeneity. 

quad'-ru-ped.     A  four-footed  animal.     Fauna-Flora. 

quad'-ru-ple.    Fourfold.    Quadruplication-Quixque- 

SECTION. 

quad-ru'-pli-cate.     Four  times  as  much.     Quadrupli- 

CATION-QuiNQUESECTION. 

quad'-ru"-pli-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  making  fourfold. 
Quaternity. 


QUADRUPLICATIOX— QUADRISECTION. 


Quadruplication.     The  making  four  times  as  much. 

Quadruplication —  Verbs. 
Biquadrate.     To  square  the  square  of  a  number. 
Multiply  by  four.     To  increase  fourfold. 
Quadruplicate.     To  double  twice. 

Quadruplication — Adjectives. 
Fourfold.     Taken  four  times. 
Fourth.     Next  after  the  third. 
Quadrible.     Capable  of  being  squared. 
Quadrifarious.     Arranged  in  four  rows  or  ranks. 
Quadrigeminal.     Having  four  similar  parts. 
Quadruple.     Of  four  parts;  made  four  times  as  great. 
Quadruplicate.     Twice  double. 

Quadruplication — Adverbs,  etc. 
Fourthly.     In  the  fourth  place. 
Four  times.     Increased  fourfold. 
In  the  fourth  place.     The  position  after  the  third. 


Farthing.     The  fourth  part  of  a  penny. 

Fourth.     One  of  the  four  equal  parts  of  anything. 

Quadripartition.     Division  by  or  into  four  parts. 

Quadrisectiou.     Subdivision  into  four  parts. 

Quart.    The  fourth  part  of  a  gallon. 

Quarter.     A  fourth;  one-fourth  of  a  dollar. 

Quartering,  etc.    The  act  of  dividing  into  four  parts.     See  Vtrb 

Quartern.     A  quarter,  especially  of  a  pint,  or  peck. 

Qv  adrisection —  Verbs. 

Divide  into  four  parts. 

Quarter.     To  divide  into  four  equal  parts. 

Quadris  ection — A  djectives. 

Quadrifid.  Deeply  cleft  into  four  parts. 
Quadripartite.  Composed  of  four  parts. 
Quartered,  etc.     Divided  into  four  parts.     See  Verbs. 


qiicere    [L.]    (qui'-ri) 
I     Answer. 


Investigate.      Investigation- 


quaff.  To  drink  deeply.  Nutriment-Excretion;  quaff 
the  bitter  cup,  Pleasure-Pain. 

quag'-gy.     Soft  and  muddy.     Swamp-Island. 

quag'-mire".  Soft  and  muddy  ground.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Swamp-Island. 

quail.  To  lose  heart.  Bravery-Cowardice,  San- 
guineness-Timidity. 

quaint.  Pleasingly  odd.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Con- 
ventionality -  Unconventionality,   Society  -  Lu- 

DICROUSNESS,  TERSENESS-PROLIXITY. 

quake.  To  tremble  rapidly.  Agitation,  Heat-Cold, 
Sanguineness-Timidity,  Vibration. 


Qua'-ker-ish.     Like  a  Quaker.     Society-Affectation. 

Qua'-ker-ism.  The  practise  of  the  Friends.  Excita 
bility-Inexcitability,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

qual"-i-fi-ca'-tion.  That  which  qualifies.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Might-Impotence,  Modification,  Muta- 
tion-Permanence,  Price-Discount,  Skill-Unskil- 
fulness,  Teaching-Misteaching. 

qual'-i-fied.  Fitted;  adapted.  Conventionaolity- 
Unconventionality. 

qual'-i-fy.  To  fit  for  a  particular  position ;  to  mod- 
ify. Assertion-Denial,  Might-Impotence,  Mod- 
ification, Mutation  -  Permanence,  Price -Dis- 
count, Skill-Unskilfulness,  Teaching-Misteach- 


QUALIFYING. 


844 


QUARRYMAN. 


quaT-i-fy"-ing.  Rendering  competent.  Modifica- 
tion. 

qualis  ab  incepto  [L.]  (que'-lis  ab  in-sep'-to).  The  same 
as  at  the  beginning.     Mutation-Permanence. 

qual'-i-ties.  Distinguishing  characteristics.  Affec- 
tions. 

qual'-i-ty.  Essential  property;  social  rank.  Gen- 
tility- Commonalty,  Inclination,  Might  -  Impo- 
tence, Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 

qualm.  Conscientious  scruple.  Belief-Misgiving, 
Readiness-Reluctance,  Sanguineness-Timidity; 
qualms  of  conscience,  Readiness-Reluctance, 
Repentance-Obduracy. 


quamdiu  se  bene  gesserit  [L.]  (quam"-dai'-yu  si  bi'-n! 
jes'-ser-it).  During  good  behavior.  Contingent, 
Duration,  Duty-Dereliction. 

quan'-da-ry.  A  perplexing  situation.  Difficulty- 
Facility. 

quand  meme  [F.]  (kan-  mem).  Even  though.  Com- 
pensation, Antagonism-Concurrence. 

quan'-ti-ta-tive.  Having  to  do  with  quantities  only. 
Quantity-Measure. 

quan'-ti-ty.  Comparative  amount  or  number;  a  con- 
siderable amount  or  number.  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing, Magnitude-Smallness,  Multiplicity-Pau- 
city, Quantity-Measure. 


QUANTITY— MEASURE. 


Amount.     Quantities  taken  as  a  whole,  or  as  measured. 

Amplitude.     The  amount  of  extension. 

Batch.     Quantities  taken  in  a  lump. 

Capful,  etc.     A  quantity  equivalent  to  capacity  of  a  cap. 

Dose.     A  quantity  of  medicine  taken  at  one  time. 

Handful.     As  much  as  a  hand  will  hold. 

Hay-mow.     Mass  of  hay  stored  away  in  a  barn. 

Lot.     A  considerable  amount. 

Magnitude.     Amount  of  measurable  extent  or  volume. 

Mass.     A  collection  of  substances  making  one  quantity. 

Measure.  The  amount  of  extent  or  volume  referred  to  some  stand- 
ard. 

Mouthful.     As  much  as  is  usually  taken  into  the  mouth. 

Quantity.     The  property  of  an  object  which  aamits  being  measured. 

Quantum  [L.].  Anything  having  quantity;  the  property  of  quan- 
tity. 

Size.     Relative  magnitude.     See  Greatness. 

Spoonful.     As  much  as  a  spoon  will  hold. 

Stock.  A  reserved  quantity  or  quantities  from  which  different 
amounts  are  taken. 

Strength.  The  degree  in  which  anything  possesses  its  distinctive 
properties. 

Substance.     That  of  which  anything  is  composed. 

Quantity — Scientific  Nouns. 

Mathematics.     The  science  of  quantity. 
Mathesis.     A  knowledge  of  mathematics. 

Quantity — Adjectives. 

Any.     To  an  indefinite  extent  or  degree. 

More  or  less.     About. 

Quantitative.     Relating  to  differences  of  quantity. 

Some.     Of  indeterminate  quantity. 

Quantity — Adverb. 
To  the  tune  of.     To  the  amount  of. 

Quantity — Phrase. 
Digrado  in  grado  [It. J.     By  degrees. 


MEASURE — Adverbs — Continued  front  Column  2. 

Howsoever.     To  what  degree  soever;  in  what  manner  soever. 

Inasmuch.     In  like  degree. 

Inch  by  inch.     Little  by  little. 

In  some  degree.    }  Indefinitely. 

In  some  measure.  > 

Little  by  little.     Gradually. 

Pro  tanto  [L.fl.     To  that  extent. 

Step  by  step.     Slowly. 

To  some  extent.     Considerably. 


Amount.     A  quantity  or  quantities  viewed  as  a  whole. 

Amplitude.     Amount  of  extent. 

Caliber.     Degree  of  capacity. 

Compass.     Range  within  certain  limits. 

Degree.     Relative  proportion  or  amount. 

Extent.     Degree  to  which  anything  is  extended. 

Gradation.     Arrangement  according  to  size. 

Grade.     Relative  position  in  some  fixed  order. 

Height.     Amount  of  extent  upward. 

Intensity.     Degree  of  force  or  influence. 

Mark.     The  proper  or  usual  standard. 

Measure.     Amount  of  extent  referred  tc  some  standard. 

Pitch.     Degree  of  elevation  or  depression. 

Point.     One  of  a  series  of  graded  positions. 

Range.     Amount  of  affected  area  or  extent;  the  extent  of  a  series. 

Rank .     Degree  of  worth ;  high  position . 

Rate.     Comparative  measure  or  valuation. 

Ratio.     Relation  of  number,  degree,  etc. 

Reach.     The  limit  of  the  extent  of  the  effect  or  influence  of  anything. 

Scope.     Range  of  or  capacity  for  achievement. 

Shade.     A  very  slight  degree. 

Sort.     Degree  of  quality  or  value. 

Sphere.     Range  of  operations,  influence,  or  knowledge. 

Stage,  etc.     A  marked  point  in  the  development  or  progression  of 

anything.     See  Station. 
Standard.     A  measure  used  as  the  unit  of  value,  etc.;    a  type  or 

model. 
Standing.     Relative  position  in  the  estimation  of  others. 
Station.     Place  in  society  or  business;  especially,  high  rank. 
Stint.     A  fixed  amount,  as  of  work,  for  a  given  time. 
Strength,  etc.     Degree  of  effect  on  other  bodies;   ability  to  act.     See 

Magnitude. 
Tenor.     The  general  drift,  character,  or  course  of  anything. 
Vedro.     A  Russian  liquid  measure. 
Way.     Sphere  of  observation. 

Measure — Adjectives. 

Comparative.     Thought  of  as  greater  or  less  than  something  else. 
Gradual.     Proceeding  or  marked  by  degrees. 
Shading  off.     Differing  by  a  slight  degree. 
Within  the  bounds,  etc.     See  Boundary. 

Measure — Adverbs. 
Bit  by  bit.     A  little  at  a  time. 
By  degrees.     Gradually. 
By  inches.     An  inch  at  a  time. 
By  little  and  little.     Smaller  by  degrees. 
By  slow  degrees.     Very  slowly. 
Drop  by  drop.     Gradually. 
Gradually.     In  a  gradual  manner,  slowly. 
However.     In  whatever  manner. 

{Continued  on  Column  1.) 


quantum    [L.]     (quan'-tum).  A    certain    amount. 

Assignment,  Quantity-Measure. 

quantum  mutatus  [L.]  (quan'-tum  miu-t&'-tus) .  A 
variable  quantity.     Mutation-Permanence. 

quantum  sujfictt  [L.  ]  (quan'-tum  suf '-fi-sit) .  As 
much  as  is  sufficient.     Enough. 

quaquaversum  [L.]  (que"-qua-ver'-sum) .  To  all  sides. 
Aim-Aberration. 

quar"-an-tine\  Enforced  isolation.  Security-In- 
security, 


quar'-rel.  A  contention.  Variance-Accord;  quarrel 
with  one's  bread  and  butter,  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Variance-Ac- 
cord, 

quar'-rel-some.  Contentious.  Favorite-Quarrel- 
someness. 

quar'-ry.  A  stone  mine;  anything  pursued.  Pur* 
pose-Luck,  Store. 

quar'-ry-man.  A  man  engaged  in  quarrying  stone. 
Agent. 


QUART. 


845 


QUEST— EVASION. 


quart.     A  fourth  of  a  gallon.     Measure,  Quadrupli- 

CATION-QuADRISECTION. 

quar'-ter.  A  fourth;  a  locality;  a  lodging-piace; 
direction;  mercy  shown  an  enemy.  Aim-Aberra- 
tion,    COMPASSION-RUTHLESSNESS,     DweLLER-HaB- 

itation,  Establishment-Removal,  Extension- 
District,  Harshness-Mildness,  Laterality-Con- 
traposition,  Measure,  Period-Progress,  Quad- 
ruplication-Quadrisection,  Quaternity;  give 
no  quarter,  Compassion-Ruthlessness,  Life-Kill- 
ing; give  quarter,  Compassion-Ruthlessness, 
Harshness-Mildness;  quarter  of  a  hundred,  Five- 
Quinquesection;  quarter  upon,  Establishment- 
Removal. 

quar'-ter-deck.     The  highest  deck.     Top-Bottom. 

quar'-tered.  Divided  into  four  parts.  Quadruplica- 
tion-Quadrisection. 

quar'-ter-ing.  A  dividing  into  four  parts.  QuaDru- 
plication-Quadrisection. 

quar'-ter-mas"-ter.  A  military  officer  attending  to 
provisions.     Provision-Waste. 

quar'-tern.  A  fourth  part.  Quadruplication-Quin- 
quesection. 

quar'-ter-on.    Afourthpart.    Mixture-Homogeneity. 

quar'-ters.  A  lodging-place.  Dweller-Habitation; 
high  quarters,  Gentility -Commonalty;  take  up 
one's  quarters,  Establishment-Removal. 

quar'-ter-ses"-sions.  A  court  held  quarterly.  Tribu- 
nal. 

quar'-ter-staff".  A  long,  stout  staff.  Strife-Peace, 
Weapon. 

quar'-tet.  Four  things  or  persons  in  harmony.  Qua- 
ternity. 

quar'-tile.     Quadrate.     Quaternity. 

quar'-to.  One-fourth  the  size  of  a  sheet.  Missive- 
Publication. 

quartz.     Rock  crystal.     Hardness-Softness. 

quash.  To  suppress  utterly.  Commission-Abroga- 
tion, Creation-Destruction. 

qua'-si.  Appearing  as  if.  Hypothesis,  Likeness- 
Unlikeness. 

quas'-si-a.  A  bitter  tonic.  Palatableness-Unpal- 
atableness. 

quass.     A  thin,  sour  beer.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

qua-ter'-nal.     Fourfold.     Quaternity. 

qua-ter'-na-ry.  Group  of  four  things;  geologic  period. 
Quaternity;  quaternary  period,  Geology. 

qua-ter'-ni-on.     Set  of  four.     Quaternity. 

qua-ter'-ni-ty.     The  union  of  four  in  one.    Quaternity. 

QUATERNITY. 

Four.     A  cardinal  number  equal  to  twice  two. 

Quadrature.     The  area  of  square  equivalent  to  a  given  area,  a  square 

or  the  act  of  squaring. 
Quarter.     The  fourth  part  of  anything. 
Quartet.     A  combination  ot  four  players  or  singers. 
Quaternion.     A  system  or  combination  of  four  persons  or  things. 
Quaternity.     The  union  of  four  in  one,    state  of  being  composed  of 

four  parts. 
Tetrad.     A  combination  of  four. 
Square.     A  figure  of  four  equal  sides  and  Ermr  right  angles. 

Quaternity — Verbs. 
Reduce  to  a  square. 
Square.     To  make  into  the  form  of  a  square;  to  multiply  by  itself. 


Quaternity — Adjectives. 

Four.     Composed  of  one  more  than  three. 

Quadratic.     Like  a  square. 

Quartile.     Having  four  equal  sides. 

Quaternal.     Fourfold. 

Quaternary.     Consisting  of  four  or  occupying  fourth  place. 

Tetractic .     Having  four  rays. 

quat'-rain.     A  stanza  of  four  lines.     Poetry-Prose. 

quntre  kpingles,  tiri  h  [F.]  (ko.tr  e-pangl',  tir-e'  a). 
Precise  to  a  pin's  point.     Society-Affectation. 

qua'-ver.  Tremulous  motion.  Agitation,  Crash- 
DruMMiNG,  Melody-Dissonance,  Musician.  San- 
guineness-Timidity. 

quay.  A  wharf.  Dweller-Habitation,  Refuge- 
Pitfall. 

quean.     A  low  woman.     Purity-Rake. 

quea'-si-ness.     Nausea.     Desire-Distaste. 

quea'-sy.     Squeamish.      Desire-Particularness. 

queen.     A  female  sovereign.     Chief-Underling. 

queen'-craft".  Craft  in  policy  on  the  part  of  a  queen. 
Rule-License. 

queen'-hood.  The  state  or  personality  of  a  queen. 
Chief-Underling,  Gentility-Commonalty. 

queen'-li-ness.  Stateliness.  Gentility-Commonalty, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

queen'-post".     Supporting  post.     Architecture. 

Queen's  Bench.  A  high  English  court.  Release- 
Prison,  Tribunal. 

Queen's  Coun'-sel.  A  barrister  who  pleads  for  the 
crown.     Advocate. 

Queen's    Eng'-lish.  Pure   English.  Language; 

murder  the  queen's  English,  Grammar-Solecism, 
Speech-Inarticulateness. 

Queen's  ev'-i-dence.  State's  evidence.  Exposure- 
Hidingplace. 

Queen's  high'-way.     A  public  road.     Way. 

queer.  Peculiar.  Conventionality-Unconven- 
tionality,  Society-Ludicrousness;  queer  fish, 
Society-Laughingstock. 

quell.  To  put  down.  Creation-Destruction. 
Movement-Rest,  Success-Failure,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

quench.  To  put  out.  Creation-Destruction,  De- 
sire-Repletion,    Heating-Cooling,    Motive-De- 

HORTATION,  PlEASURABLENESS-PaINFULNESS. 

quench'-less.  Not  to  be  quenched.  Desire-Dis- 
taste. 

quer"-i-mo'-ni-ous.  Fretful.  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection. 

que'-rist.     An  inquirer.     Investigation-Answer. 

quern.     A  hand-mill.     Friability. 

quer'-u-lous.  Complaining.  Desire-Particular- 
ness, Favorite-Quarrelsomeness,  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection. 

quer'-u-lous-ness.  The  state  of  being  faultfinding. 
Contentedn  ess-Discontentment. 

que'-ry.     A  question.     Investigation-Answer. 

que-sal'.  A  Central  -  American  bird,  noted  for  its 
beauty.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

quest.  A  search.  Investigation-Answer,  Quest- 
Evasion. 


QUEST— EVASION. 


Adventure,  etc.  Hazardous  undertaking  or  enterprise;  a  com- 
mercial venture.     See  Venture. 

Business,  etc.  A  pursuit  or  occupation  that  employs  or  requires 
energv  time  and  though*.     See  Occupation. 

Enterprise,  etc.  Any  projected  task  or  work  which  one  appies 
himself  to.    See  Enterprise. 

Game.  A  contest  for  recreation  or  amusement  to  be  won  by  chance, 
skill  or  endurance  in  athletic  contests. 


Abstention.     A  refraining  or  abstaining. 

Abstinence.     Act,  practise,  or  state  of  abstaining;  especially,  A  total 

abstaining  from  the  use  of  intoxicating  drinks. 
Avoidance.     Act  of  avoiding  or  shunning. 
Avolation.     Act  of  flying  away;  flight;  evaporation. 
Departure,  etc.     Act  of  departing;  a  going  away;   deviation;  death, 

See  Arrival-Departure. 
Elusion.     Act  of  escaping  by  dexterity  or  strategy. 


QUEST. 


846 


QUEST— EVASION. 


QUEST— EVASION— Continued. 


Hobby.  A  subject  or  pursuit  in  which  a  person  takes  extravagant  or 
persistent  interest. 

Hue  and  cry.  A  loud  outcry  with  which  felons  were  anciently  pur- 
sued, and  which  all  who  heard  it  were  obliged  to  take  up,  joining  in 
the  pursuit  till  the  malefactor  was  taken;  in  later  usage,  a  written 
proclamation  issued  on  the  escape  of  a  felon  from  prison,  requiring 
all  persons  to  aid  in  retaking  him. 

Prosecution.  The  act  or  process  of  pursuing  with  a  view  to  attain, 
accomplish,  or  execute;  in  law,  the  act  or  process  of  carrying  on  a 
judicial  proceeding  against. 

Pursuance.     A  following  after  or  following  out. 

Pursuing*  etc.  Persistent  following  with  the  purpose  of  seizing  or 
securing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Pursuit.  Act  of  pursuing;  earnest  endeavor  to  attain  or  gain;  con- 
tinued employment. 

Quest.     Act  of  seeking;  looking  for  something;  search. 

Scramble.     Act  of  seeking  something  hurriedly  and  eagerly. 

Quest — Denotations. 

Angling.  The  action  or  art  of  fishing  with  a  rod. 
Battue  [F.J.  Act  of  beating  the  woods  for  game. 
Chase.     The  practise  of  hunting  game. 

Coursing.     The  sport  of  chasing  the  hare  or  other  game  with  grey- 
hounds. 
Fishing.     The  art  or  sport  of  catching  fish. 
Fox-chase.     A  fox-hunt. 
Hawking.     The  sport  of  hunting  small  game  with  falcons  or  hawks. 

Tjt*       |  The  act  of  pursuing  game. 
Race.     A  competitive  trial  of  speed. 
Shooting.     The  killing  of  game  with  firearms. 
Sport.     Outdoor  game  or  amusement. 
Sporting.     Act  of  engaging  in  field-sports. 

Steeple-chase.  A  race  on  horseback  across  country,  in  which  fences, 
ditches,  etc.,  are  to  be  leaped. 

'  j  The  art  or  practise  of  hunting  game. 


Venery. 


Quest — Nouns  of  Agent. 


Falconer.     One  who  follows  the  sport  of  fowling  with  hawks. 

Hound,  etc.     A  dog  which  hunts  game  by  scent.     See  Fauna. 

Hunter.     One  who  or  that  which  hunts. 

Huntsman.     One  who  practises  hunting. 

Nimrod.     Son  of  Cush,  grandson  of  Ham,  famous  for  his  exploits  as 

a  hunter. 
Pursuer.     One  who  pursues. 
Sportsman.     One  who  practises  field-sports. 

Quest — Verbs. 

Chase.     Follow  with  intent  to  catch,  seize,  obtain,  etc. 

Course.     Pursue  with  greyhounds,  as  hares. 

Court*  etc.  Seek  the  favor  of;  seek  to  obtain  by  assiduous  atten- 
tions, etc.     See  Petition. 

Dog.     Follow  as  a  dog,  or  with  a  dog;  follow  persistently. 

Endeavor,  etc.  Undertake  and  strive  for;  exert  oneself  to  accom- 
plish an  object.     See  Venture. 

Follow.     Pursue;  strive  to  attain. 

Hound.     Hunt  with  or  as  with  hounds;  set  on  the  chase;  trail. 

Hunt.  Pursue,  as  game,  for  the  purpose  of  killing  or  catching; 
search  diligently  for. 

Prosecute.  Pursue  or  follow  up  with  a  view  to  attain,  accomplish, 
or  execute;  in  law,  to  carry  on  a  judicial  proceeding  against. 

Pursue.  Follow  persistently  with  the  purpose  of  seizing  or  securing; 
chase;  hunt;  seek. 

Seek,  etc.     Go  in  search  or  quest  of;  strive  for.     See  Investigation. 

Still-hunt.     To  hunt  quietly. 

Quest — Verbal  Expressions. 

Aim  at,  etc.  (see  Purpose);  be  after;  bend  one's  course ;  bend  one's 
steps;  carry  onf  etc.  (see  Action);  direct  one's  course;  direct 
one's  steps;  elbow  one's  way;  engage  in,  etc.  (see  Enterprise); 
fight  one's  way;  fish  for,  etc.  (see  Trial);  follow  on  the  heels  of, 
etc.  (see  Leading-Following);  follow  the  trail,  etc.  (see  Inves- 
tigation), follow  up;  give  chase;  go  in  for;  hold  a  course;  hunt 
after;  make  after;  make  a  jump  at;  make  a  leap  at;  make  a 
snatch  at;  play  a  game;  press  on,  etc.  (see  Hurry);  prowl  after; 
ride  full  tilt  at;  ride  one's  hobby;  run  after;  run  a  race,  etc.  (see 
Swiftness),  run  down;  run  full  tilt  at;  rush  headlong,  etc.  (see 
Turbulence),  rush  upon;  set  about,  etc.  (see  Beginning); 
shape  one's  course ;  shape  one's  steps;  start  game;  take  a  course; 
take  to;  take  up;  tread  a  path;  tread  on  the  heels  of,  etc.  (see 
Leading-Following). 


Escape,  etc.  Flight  in  which  one  succeeds  in  getting  away  from 
custody,  pursuit,  or  annoyance.     See  Escape. 

Evasion.  Act,  means,  or  result  of  evading  or  avoiding,  as  by  artifice 
or  sophistry. 

Flight.  Act  of  fleeing  or  escaping;  a  running  away;  in  law,  the 
evading  of  justice  by  going  away. 

Forbearance.     A  refraining  from  retaliation  or  retribution. 

Inaction,  etc.  Evasion  of  labor;  idleness.  See  Action-Passive- 
ness. 

Neutrality.  The  condition  of  being  unengaged  in  contests  between 
others. 

Recoil,  etc.     A  shrinking  back;  a  rebound.     See  Impetus-Reaction. 

Refraining,  etc.     Not  following.     See  Verbs. 

Rejection,  etc.  Act  of  refusing  to  accept  or  receive.  See  Choice- 
Neutrality. 

Retreat,  etc.  Act  of  withdrawing  from  a  position,  as  of  an  army 
before  an  enemy.     See  Approach-Withdrawal. 

Seclusion,  etc.  Act  of  removing  and  keeping  apart,  as  from  com- 
pany; solitude;  retirement.     See  Sociability-Privacy. 

Evasion — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Fugitive.     One  who  or  that  which  flees,  as  from  pursuit,  restraint,  or 

duty;  a  runaway  or  deserter. 
Refugee.     One  who  flees  to  a  refuge. 
Runagate.     One  who  deserts  a  cause. 
Runaway.     One  who  or  that  which  runs  away,  as  a  deserter  or 

runaway  horse. 
Shirker,  etc.     One  who  shirks  or  evades  duty.     See  Verbs. 
Truant.     One  who  absents  himself  from  a  place  of  duty;  especially, 

a  child  who  stays  away  from  school  without  leave. 

Evasion — Verbs. 

Abandon,  etc.  Forsake  or  renounce  utterly.  See  Quest-Abandon- 
ment. 

Abscond.     Depart  suddenly  and  secretly. 

Absquatulate.     Take  oneself  off;  decamp. 

Abstain.     Keep  oneself  back;  refrain. 

Avoid.     Keep  away  from;  shun;  evade. 

Blench.     Draw  back  from  lack  of  courage  or  resolution. 

Blink.     Shut  out  of  sight;  purposely  evade. 

Bolt.     Dash  off  unexpectedly;  break  away  from  restraint. 

Decamp.     Break  camp;  march  away;  runaway. 

Desert.  Depart  from  or  leave,  as  a  person  having  legal  or  moral 
claims  upon  one ;  forsake. 

Dodge.     Avoid  by  suddenly  turning  aside. 

Elope.     Run  away  from  home  with  a  lover  or  paramour. 

Elude.     Evade  the  search,  pursuit,  or  inquiry  of. 

Escape,  etc.     Slip  out  or  away  from,  etc.     See  Escape. 

Eschew.     Shun,  as  something  unworthy. 

Evade.     Avoid  by  artifice;  elude  or  baffle. 

Flee.     Run  away  from;  avoid;  shun. 

Flinch.     Waver  because  of  danger;  shrink  back. 

Flit.     Fly  or  move  rapidly  from  place  to  place. 

Fly.     Flee  from;  shun;  flee. 

Levant.     Run  away  from  one's  debts. 

Parry.     Ward  off;  evade;  avoid. 

Recoil,  etc.  Start  back  as  in  dismay  or  loathing;  shrink.  See 
Impetus-Reaction. 

Refrain.     Abstain  from  action;  hold  within  bounds. 

Reject,  etc.  Refuse  to  accept;  repel;  discard.  See  Choice-Neu- 
trality. 

Retire,  etc.  Go  into  privacy  or  seclusion;  withdraw  oneself,  as  for 
rest.     See  Approach-Withdrawal. 

Run.     Hasten;  speed;  flee. 

Shirk.     Avoid  the  doing  or  right  doing  of;  neglect  purposely. 

Shrink.     Drawback;  withdraw;  recoil,  as  in  horror. 

Shun.     Keep  clear  of;  avoid. 

Shy.     Start  suddenly  aside:  said  of  a  horse. 

Skedaddle.     Flee  in  haste;  scamper. 

Spare.     Refrain  from  using. 

Evasion — Verbal  Expressions. 
Beat  a  retreat;  be  off;  be  off  like  a  shot;  break  away;  break  away 
from ;  burst  away ;  burst  away  from ;  cut  and  run ;  cut  one's  stick ; 
deny  oneself;  draw  back;  fight  shy  of;  flee  from;  fly  from;  get 
out  of  the  way;  give  leg-bail;  give  one  the  go-by;  give  place  to; 
go  away,  etc.  (see  sub  Departure);  hang  back;  have  no  hand  in; 
have  nothing  to  do  with;  hold  aloof;  hold  back;  hold  off;  keep 
aloof;  keep  at  a  respectful  distance;  keep  clear  of;  keep  from; 
keep  off;  keep  one's  distance;  keep  out  of  the  way;  lead  one  a 
dance;  lead  one  a  pretty  dance;  let  alone;  maintain  the  even 
tenor  of  one's  way;    make  off;    make  oneself  scarce;    make  way 


QUEST. 


847 


QUIBBLE. 


CvTES'r—  KVASION— continued. 


Quest — Adjectiv*.. 
In  full  cry.     In  eager  chase:   said  of  hounds  that  have  caught  tut- 

scent,  and  give  tongue  together. 
In  hot  pursuit.     Pursuing  eagerly. 
In  pursuit.     Pursuing. 
In  quest  of .     Searching;  seeking. 
On  the  scent.     On  the  track  of  discovery. 
Pursuing,  etc.     Persistently  following  with  the  purpose  of  seizing  or 

securing,  etc.     See  Verbs, 

Quest — Adverbs%  etc. 

After.     In  the  rear;  behind. 

In  pursuance  of,  etc.         In  accordance  with:  in  prosecution  or  ful- 
filment of. 

Quest — Interjections, 

So-hol     A  sportsman's  halloo. 

Tally-ho  I     The  huntsman's  cry  to  urge  on  or  incite  his  hounds. 

Yoicksl     A  cry  of  encouragement  to  foxhounds. 


EVASION — Continued  from  Column  2. 
Evasion — Interjections, 
Devil  take  the  hindmost  1 
Forbear  1 
Hands  off  I 
Keep  off  1 
Sauve  qui  peut  [F.J.     Save  himself  who  can. 


EVASION — Verbal  Expressions — Continued. 

for;  not  attempt;  not  dof  etc.  (see  Action-Passiveness);  part 
company;  play  at  hide  and  seek;  play  truant;  run  away;  run 
away  from;  run  for  one's  life;  scamper  off;  set  one's  face  against; 
sheer  off;  show  a  light  pair  of  heels;  shuffle  off;  slink  away; 
slink  away  from;  slip  away;  slip  away  from;  slip  cable;  sneak 
off;  sneak  out  of ;  stand  aloof;  standoff;  steal  away;  steal  away 
from;  steer  clear  of;  take  flight;  take  French  leave;  take  no  part 
in;  take  to  flight;  take  to  one's  heels;  tear  oneself  away;  tear 
oneself  away  from;  throw  off  the  scent;  turn  away  from  turn 
one's  back;  turn  on  one's  heel;  turn  tail;  walk  one's  chalks. 

Evasion — Adjectives. 
Avoiding,  etc.     Tending  to  flee  from.     See  Verbs. 
Elusive.     Tending  to  slip  away  or  escape. 

Evasive.     Tending  or  seeking  to  evade;  escaping  ready  apprehension. 
Fugitive.     Escaping  or  escaped;  runaway. 

Neutral.     Refraining  from  interference  in  a  contest  of  any  kind. 
Runaway,     Escaping  or  escaped  from  restraint  or  control. 
Shy.     Easily  frightened  or  startled. 
Shy  of,  etc.     Avoiding  a  person  or  thing  through  caution  or  timidity. 

See  Readiness-Reluctance. 
Unattempted .     Not  attempted  or  tried. 
Unsought.     Not  searched  for. 
Wild.     Unrestrained. 

Evasion — Adverbs,  etc. 
In  order  to  avoid.  For  the  purpose  of  avoiding. 
Lest.     In  order  that  not. 

(.Continued  on  Column  1.) 


QUEST— ABANDONMENT. 


Abandonment. 
Abandonment.     Act  of  abandoning,    or  the  state  of  being  aban- 
doned; total  desertion. 
Abrogation.     Act  of  annulling  by  an  authoritative  act;    repeal  by 

authority. 
Cave  of  Adullam.     Cave  to  which  David  withdrew  from  Gath 
Cession,  etc.     A  yielding,  or  surrender,  as  of  property  or  rights,  to 

another  person.     See  Keeping-Relinquishment. 
Defection.     Act  of  abandoning  a  person  or  cause  to  which  one  is 

bound  by  allegiance  or  duty,  or  to  which  one  has  attached  himself; 

desertion. 
Desertion.     Abandonment  of  a  service,  a  cause,  a  party,  a  friend,  or 

any  post  of  duty. 
Desuetude,  etc.     Discontinuance   of  practise,  custom,  or  fashion. 

See  Habit-Desuetude. 
Discontinuance,  etc.      Breaking  of;    want  of  continuity;   cessation; 

interruption.     See  Continuance-Discontinuance. 
Relinquishment.     Act    of    withdrawing   from,    leaving   behind,   or 

abandoning. 
Renunciation,   etc.     Act   of  rejecting  or  declining  formally.     See 

Bigotry-Apostasy. 
Resignation,  etc.     Act  of  resigning  or  giving  up,  as  a  claim,  office. 

See  Commission-Retirement. 
Secession.     Separation  from  fellowship  or  association  with  others; 

in  United   States    history,  the  withdrawal  of  a   state  from  the 

national  Union. 
Withdrawal.     Act  of  withdrawing;  retreat. 

Abandonment — Verbal  Expressions. 

Abandon.     Forsake  or  renounce  utterly. 

Desert.     Depart  from  or  leave,  as  a  place  where  one  is  expected  to 

remain ;  forsake. 
Desist.     Cease  from  action ;  forbear. 


Discard,  etc.     Turn  off  as  useless;  reject,  etc.     See  Keeping-Re* 

LINQUISHMENT. 

Drop.     Have  done  with;  give  up  abruptly. 

Forego.     Give  up;  relinquish. 

Forsake.     Leave  or  withdraw  from ;  abandon. 

Leave.     Depart  from;  quit;  let  alone. 

Quit.     Let  go;  forsake;  abandon. 

Relinquish.     Recede  or  withdraw  from;  abandon. 

Renounce,  etc.  Refuse  to  acknowledge  longer;  abandon  the  use  or 
pursuit  of.     See  Bigotry-Apostasy. 

Stop,  etc.  Come  to  an  end;  discontinue.  See  Continuance-Dis- 
continuance. 

Vacate,  etc.  Surrender  possession  of  by  removal;  quit.  See  Com- 
mission-Retirement. 

Abandonment — Verbs. 
Back  out  of;  bid  a  long  farewell;  break  off;  depart  from;  drop  all 
idea  of;  give  over;  give  up;  give  up  the  argument;  give  up  the 
point;  have  done  with;  hold  one's  hand;  leave  in  the  lurch;  leave 
off,  desist;  move  the  previous  question;  pass  to  the  order  of  the 
day;  quit  one's  hold;  secede  from;  shut  up  shop;  stay  one's  hand; 
take  leave  of;  throw  up  the  cards;  throw  up  the  game*  wash  one's 
hands  of ;  withdraw  from. 

Abandonment — Adjectives, 
Relinquished,  «tc.     Given  up.     See  Verbs. 
Relinquishing,  etc.     Surrendering.     See  Verbs, 
Unpursued.     Not  pursued  or  followed. 

Abandonment — Interjections. 
Aufgeschoben  ist  nicht  aufgehoben  [G.].     Put  off  is  not  given  up 
Avast,  etc.     Cease;  stop.     See  Continuance-Discontinuance. 
Entbehre  gem  was  du  nicht  hast  [G.].       Willingly  renounce  what  yoti 
do  not  possess.  t 


ques'-tion.     Something    asked.  Faith-Misgiving, 

Godliness  -  Disbelief,  Investigation- Answer; 
in  question,  Conception-Theme,  Investigation- 
Answer,  Occurrence-Destiny,  Security-Inse- 
curity; out  of  the  question,  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness;  pop  the  question,  Blandishment;  put  to 
the  question,  Investigation- Answer,  Pleasur- 
ableness-Painfulness;  question  at  issue,  Inves- 
tigation-Answer,   Variance- Accord. 

ques'-tion-a-ble .  Open  to  question.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Faith-Misgiving,  Reputation-Discredit. 


ques'-tion-ing.  Interrogating.  Investigation-An- 
swer. 

ques'-tion-ist.     An  inquirer.     Instructor-Pupil. 

ques'-tion-less.     Certain.     Certainty-Doubt. 

ques'-tor.     A  public  treasurer.     Treasurer. 

queue.     A  tail-piece.     Predecessor-Continuation. 

quib.     A  gibe.     Society-Derision. 

quib'-ble.  An  evasion.  Ambiguity,  Meaning-Jar- 
gon. Ratiocination-  Instinct,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood,  Wittiness-Dulness;  verbal  quibble, 
Adage-Nonsense,  Wittiness-Dulness. 


QUIBBLING. 


848 


QUIXOTIC. 


quib'-bling.  The  act  of  shuffling  in  argument.  Adage- 
Nonsense,  Meaning-Jargon. 

quick.  Alive;  swift.  Activity- Indolence,  Emo- 
tion, Favorite-Quarrelsomeness,  Lastingness- 
Transientness,  Life-Death,  Sagacity-Incapac- 
ity, Skill- Unskilfulness,  Swiftness-Slowness; 
cut  to  the  quick,  Excitation,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness;  probe  to  the  quick,  Investi- 
gation-Answer; sting  to  the  quick,  Favorite-An- 
ge.r,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  to  the  quick, 
Feeling  -  Insensibility,  Sensitiveness  -Apathy; 
touch  to  the  quick,  Excitation,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy;  quick  ear,  Hearing  -  Deafness;  quick 
eye,  Sight-Blindness,  quick  succession,  Fre- 
quency-Rarity; quick  as  thought,  Eternity-In- 
stantaneity. 

quick'-en.  To  make  alive;  to  accelerate.  Agency, 
Excitation,  Hurry  -  Leisure,  Life -Death,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Turbulence-Calmness. 

quick'-en-ing   pow'-er.      Animating  power.     Agency. 

quick'-eyed".  Having  a  keen  sight.  Sagacity-In- 
capacity. 

quick'-ly.     Rapidly.     Earliness-Lateness. 

quick'-sand".  Yielding  sand.  Difficulty-Facility, 
Refuge-Pitfall. 

quick'-scen"-ted.  Having  a  keen  sense  of  smell. 
Odor-Inodorousness. 

quick'-sst"  hedge.  A  hedge  of  living  shrubs.  En- 
closure. 

quick' -sight"-ed.  Having  a  keen  sight.  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 

quick'-sil"-ver.  Mercury.  Mutability-Stability, 
Swiftness-Slowness,  Vigor-Inertia. 

quick'-wit"-ted.      Keen.     Sagacity-Incapacity,  Wit- 

TINESS-DULNESS. 

quid.     A  chew  of  tobacco.     Pungency. 

quid  pro  quo  [L.]  (quid  pro  quo).  An  equivalent. 
Commutation-Permutation,  Compensation,  Ex- 
change, Recompense-Punition,  Reprisal-Resist- 
ance. 

quid  valeant  humeri,  quid  ferre  recusant  [L.]  (quid 
val'-e-ant  hiu'-mer-ai,  quid  fer'-ri  ri-kiu'-sant) . 
What  the  shoulders  can,  that  they  refuse  to  bear. 
Might-Impotence. 

quid'-di-ty.  Essence.  Ratiocination-Instinct,  Sub- 
jectiveness-Objectiveness,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

quid'-nunc.  An  inquisitive  person.  Inquisitiveness- 
Indifference. 

qui-es'-cence.  Inaction.  Movement-Rest,  Muta- 
tion-Permanence. 

qui-es'-cent.  Being  in  a  state  of  inaction.  Move- 
ment-Rest. 

qui'-et.  Still.  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Hurry- 
Leisure,  Motive-Dehortation.  Movement-Rest, 
Turbulence-Calmness;  keep  quiet,  Action  -  Pas- 
sivenbss;  quiet  life,  Strife-Peace. 

quieta  non  movere  [L.]  (qui-i'-ta  non  mo-vi'-ri). 
Things  that  are  at  rest  not  to  move.  Action-Pas- 
siveness,  Discontinuance-Continuance,  Move- 
ment-Rest. 

qui'-et-ism.  Mystic  meditation.  Godliness-Dis- 
belief, Movement-  Rest,  Orthodoxy -Hetero- 
doxy, Sensitiveness- Apathy. 

qui'-et-ly.  In  a  quiet  manner.  Conceit-Diffidence; 
get  on  quietly,  Mediocrity. 

qui'-e-tude.      Repose.      Excitability-Inexcitability. 

qui-e'-tus.  The  act  of  quieting.  Exculpation-Con- 
viction, Life-Death,  Life-Killing,  Success-Fail- 
ure; give  a  quietus,  Life-Killing;  receive  its 
quietus,  Commission-Abrogation. 

quill.     A  feather.     Writing-Printing. 

quill' -dri"-ver.     A  writer.     Writing  Printing. 

quill' -driv"-ing.     Writing.     Writing-Printing. 

quills.         Sharp    spines.        Smoothness-Roughwfss: 


quills  upon  the  fretful  porcupine,  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

quilt.     A  bedcover.     Cover-Lining,  Variegation. 

qui'-na-ry.  Consisting  of  five  parts.  Five-Quinque- 
section. 

quin'-cunx.  An  arrangement  of  five  things.  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Five-Quinquesection. 

quin"-quar-tic'-u-lar.  Consisting  of  five  articles 
Five-Quinquesection. 

quin'-que-fid.     Five-cleft.     Five-Quinquesection. 

quin-quen-ni'-um.  A  period  of  five  years.  Period- 
Progress. 

quin"-que-par'-tite.  Five-parted.  Five-Quinque- 
section. 

quin"-que-sec'-tion.  A  subdivision  into  five  parts. 
Five-Quinquesection. 

quint.     A  fifth.     Five-Quinquesection. 

quin'-tain.  A  tilting  game.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Purpose-Luck. 

quin'-tal.  A  hundredweight.  Heaviness-Light- 
ness. 

quin'-tes-sence.  The  most  essential  part.  Subjec- 
tiveness-Objectiveness. 

quin'-troon.  The  offspring  of  an  octoroon  and  a  white 
person.     Mixture-Homogeneity. 

quin'-tu-ple.  Consisting  of  five.  Five-Quinquesec- 
tion. 

quinze.      A  game  of  cards.      Entertainment-Weari 

NESS. 

quip.  A  taunt.  Entertainment-Weariness,  Re- 
gard-Disrespect,  Society-Derision,  Wittiness- 
Dulness;  "quips  and  cranks  and  wanton  wiles" 
[Milton,  L' 'Allegro].     Entertainment-Weariness. 

qui  pro  quo  [L.]  (quai  pro  quo).  Who  for  whom 
Truth-Error,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

quire.  A  band  of  singers;  a  chancel;  twenty-four 
sheets  of  paper.  Fane,  Missive-Publication, 
Musician. 

quirk.       A  quibble.       Bigotry-Apostasy,  Decision- 

MlSJUDGMENT,    EnTERTAINMENT-WeARINESS,    RaTI- 

ocination-Instinct.  Wittiness-Dulness. 

quis  custodiet  istos  custodes  [L.]  (quis  cus-to'-di-et 
is'-tos  cus-to'-diz) .  Who  shall  keep  the  keepers 
themselves.     Carefulness-Carelessness. 

quit.  To  cease;  to  repay;  to  free.  Arrival-De- 
parture, Quest-Abandonment,  Settlement-De- 
fault; quitclaim,  Duty- Immunity;  quit  one's 
hold,  Keeping-Relinquishment;  quit  of,  Gain- 
Loss,  Keeping-Relinquishment;  quit  scores,  Set- 
tlement-Default. 

qui  tarn.     An  action  at  law.     Litigation. 

quite.  Entirely.  Entirety  -  Deficiency;  quite 
another  thing,  Connection-Independence,  Like- 
ness-Unlikeness;  quite  the  reverse,  Sameness- 
Contrast;  quite  the  thing,  Harmony-Discord. 

quits.  Release  from  demands.  Atonement,  Equal- 
ity-Inequality; be  quits  with,  Reprisal-Resist- 
ance, Settlement-Default. 

quit'-tance.  Release;  recompense.  Atonement, 
Pardon  -  Vindicti  veness,  Recompense  -  Punition, 
Security,  Settlement-Default. 

quiv'-er.  An  arrow-case;  a  shaking.  Agitation, 
Contents-Receiver,  Emotion,  Heat-Cold,  San- 
guineness-Timidity,  Store,  Vibration;  in  a 
quiver,  Emotion,  Excitation;  quiver  with  rage, 
Favorite-Anger. 

quiv' er-ing.     Trembling.     Sanguineness-Timidity. 

qui  vive  [F.]  (ki  viv).  Who  goes  there.  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness; on  the  qui  vive,  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Excitation. 

Quix'-ote,  Don.  A  mad  knight.  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion, Saneness-Maniac. 

Quix-ot'-ic.  Ridiculously  chivalrous.  Fancy,  Reck- 
lessness-Caution. 


QUIXOTISM.                                    849  QUOTIENT. 

quix'-ot-ism.        Ridiculous  chivalry.        Excitability-  quoin.     Corner-stone.     Architecture. 

Inexcitability,  Recklessness-Caution.  quoits.      A  pitching  game.      Entertainment-Weari- 

quix'-ot-ry.       Quixotic  practises.       Excitability-In-  ness. 

excitability.  quon'-dam.     Former.     Future-Past. 

quiz.         To   banter.         Society-Derision,    Society-  quo'-rum.      Enough  members  of  an  association  to  act 

Laughingstock.  for  the  whole.    Council,  President-Member. 

quiz'-zi-cal .       Queer.       Society' -  Derision,   Society-  quot  homines,  tot  sententice  [L.]   (quot  hom-i'-niz,  tot 

Ludicrousness.  sen-ten'-shi-i).     Many  men,  many  minds.     Assent- 

quiz'-zing.       Examining;    questioning.       Society-De-  Dissent,  Variance-Accord. 

rision.  quo'-ta.         Share.         Assignment.    Outlay'-Income; 

jko  a«i'»to  [L.]  (quo  an'-i-rao).      With  what  intention.  furnish  its  quota,  Giving-Receiving. 

Purpose-Luck.  quo-ta'-tion.     A  passage;    a  price-current.      Conven- 

quoad  minus  [L.]   (quo'-ad   mai'-nus).     So  much  the  tionality-Unconventionality,     Imitation-Origi- 

less.     Compensation.  nality,  Price-Discount. 

quod.     A  prison.     Release-Prison;  in  quod,  Guard-  quote.     To  cite.      Conventionality-Unconvention- 

Prisoner.  ality,  Evidence-Counterevidence. 

quod'-lib-et.       A  debatable  point.       Investigation-  quoth.     Said.     Speech-Inarticulateness. 

Answer,      Ratiocination -Instinct,     Wittiness-  quo-tid'-i-an.     Daily.     Periodicity-Irregularity. 

Dulness.  quo'-tient.   The  result  obtained  by  division.    Number 


RABBET. 


850 


RAISE. 


R 


rab'-bet.     Joint.     Connective. 

rab'-biii     f  Jewish  teacher.     Ministry-Laity. 

rab'-bin-ist.  One  of  a  sect  of  the  Jews.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

rab'-bit.     Small  wild  animal.     Fertility-Sterility. 

rab'-ble.  Mob.  Gathering-Scattering,  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

rab'-id.  Fanatic;  furious.  Desire-Distaste,  Emo- 
tion, Excitability-Inexcitability,  Favorite-An- 
ger, Saneness-Lunacy. 

ra'-bi-es.     Hydrophobia.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

raccroc  [F.]  (ra-kro').    Good   luck.   Rationale-Luck. 

race.  Nation;  career;  speed-trial;  channel.  Antag- 
onism-Concurrence, Conduct,  Continuity-Inter- 
ruption, Diversion,  Ethnology,  Occupation, 
■°*rentage-Progeny,  Pungency,  Quest-Evasion, 
Rel<-  ~?nship,  River-Wind,  Strife-Peace,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness, Watercourse-Airpipe;  one's  race 
is  run,  Life-Death;  run  a  race,  Quest-Evasion, 
Strife-Peace;  run  in  a  race,  Action-Passiveness; 
run  one's  race,  Completion-Noncompletion. 

race'-course".     Race-track.     Lists. 

race'-horse".  Horse  trained  for  racing.  Conveyer, 
Swiftness-Slowness. 

ra'-cer.     A  race-horse.     Conveyer. 

ra'-ci-ness.     Spirit.     Force-Weakness. 

rack.  Framework;  pain;  instrument  of  torture.  Clean- 
ness-Filthiness,  Contents-Receiver,  Pleasura- 
bleness  -Painfulness,  Recompense-  Punition, 
Recompense  -  Scourge,  Sensuality  -  Suffering, 
Suspension-Support,  Viscidity-Foam;  go  to  rack 
and  ruin,  Welfare  -  Misfortune;  on  the  rack, 
Pleasure-Pain;  rack  one's  brains,  Fancy,  Reflec- 
tion-Vacancy; rack-rent,  Outlay-Income. 

rack'-et.  Noise.  Agitation,  Crash-Drumming, 
Loudness-Faintness,  Variance- Accord. 

rack'-et-court".  Tennis-court.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

rack'-et-ing.  Reveling.  Activity-Indolence,  En- 
tertainment-Weariness. 

rack'-ets.  Game  like  tennis.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

rack'-et-y.     Noisy.     Loudness-Faintness. 

rack'-ing.    Torture.    Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

ra'-cy.  Spicy.  Emotion,  Force-Weakness,  Pun- 
gency, Vigor-Inertia. 

rad'-dle.     To  weave.     Crossing. 

rad'-dled.  Done  to  excess.  Teetotalism-Intemper- 
ance. 

ra'-di-al.     Pertaining  to  the  radius.     Anatomy. 

ra'-di-ance.  Brightness.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Light- 
Darkness 

ra'-di-ant.  Shining.  Concentration  -  Radiation, 
Light-Darkness,  Reputation-Discredit. 

ra'-di-ate.  To  emit  rays.  Concentration-Radiation, 
Light-Darkness. 

ra"-di-a'-tion.  Emission  of  rays.  Concentration- 
Radiation,  Light-Darkness. 

rad'-i-cal.  Extreme;  fundamental.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Cause-Effect,  Consequence-In- 
significance, Entirety-Deficiency,  Number,  Sub- 
jectiveness-Objectiveness;  radical  change,  Revo- 
lution; radical  cure,  Remedy-Bane;  radical  re- 
form, Betterment-Deterioration. 


rad'-i-cal-ly.  In  a  radical  manner.  Magnitudb- 
Smallness. 

rad"-i-ca'-tion.  Process  of  taking  root  Habit-Des- 
uetude. 

ra'-di-o-graph.  Photograph  produced  by  Roentgen 
rays  penetrating  opaque  substances.     Sciagraph. 

ra"-di-om'-e-ter.  Kind  of  scientific  apparatus.  Opti- 
cal Instruments. 

ra'-di-us.  Semidiameter;  bone.  Anatomy,  Breadth- 
Narrowness,  Length-Shortness. 

ra'-dix.     Root.     Cause-Effect. 

radoter [F.] (ra-do-te').  Todote.  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

radoteur [F.](ra-do-tur').  Dotard.  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

raff.  Rabble;  refuse.  Gentility-Commonalty,  Prepa- 
ration-Nonpreparation. 

raff'-ish.     Worthless.     Gentility-Commonalty. 

raf'-fle.     A  game  of  chance.     Purpose-Luck. 

raft.     Float.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

raft'-er.     Support  for  a  roof .     Suspension-Support. 

rag.     Piece  of  cloth.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

rag'-a-muf"-fin.    Vagabond.  Gentility-Commonalty. 

rage.  Wrath;  ardor;  fad.  Desire-Distaste,  Domi- 
nance-Impotence, Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Excitation,  Society- Ludicrousness,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness; the  battle  rages,  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation. 

rage'-ful.     Furious.     Favorite-Anger. 

rag'-ged.     Torn.     Dress-Undress. 

ra'-ging.  Very  angry.  Excitability-Inexcitabil- 
ity, Excitation,  Favorite-Anger,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

rag'-man.     A  man  who  buys  or  picks  up  rags.     Agent. 

ragout  [F.]  (ra-gu').  A  highly  seasoned  dish.  Nu- 
triment-Excretion. 

rags.  Torn  clothing.  Dress-Undress,  Usefulness- 
Uselessness;  do  to  rags,  Heating-Cooling;  tear  to 
rags,  Creation-Destruction  ;  worn  to  rags,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration. 

raid.     Foray.     Attack-Defense. 

rail.  A  protecting  bar;  to  rage.  Enclosure,  Re- 
lease-Prison; rail  at,  Approval-Disapproval  ;  rail 
in,  Confinement,  Release-Restraint. 

rail'-ing.     Rail.     Enclosure. 

raillerie  [F.]  (rai-ye-ri') .     Jest. 

raillerie,  ne  pas  entendre  [F.]  (rai-ye-ri,  ne  paz  an-- 
tandr').    Not  to  take  a  joke  well.  Favorite-Anger. 

rail'-ler-y.     Banter.     Society-Derision. 

rail'-road" .  1  Parallel  lines  of  iron  or  steel  for  cars  to 

rail'-way".  J      run  upon.     Way. 

rai'-ment.     Clothing.     Dress-Undress. 

rain.  Condensed  vapor.  Enough,  River- Wind;  it 
never  rains  but  it  pours,  Excess-Lack. 

rain'-bow".  Arch  of  the  spectrum  colors.  Variega« 
tion. 

rain'-fall".     A  shower.     River- Wind. 

rain'-less.     Lacking  rain.     Dampness-Dryness. 

rain' -proof".  Proof  against  the  entrance  of  rain.  At- 
tack-Defense. 

rain'-y.  Pertaining  to  rain.  River- Wind;  rainy  day, 
Welfare-Misfortune;  provide  against  a  rainy  day, 
Generosity-Frugality,  Preparation-Nonf repa- 
ration. 

raise.  To  lift;  to  grow;  to  arouse.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Creation-Destruction,  Elevation-De- 
pression, Excitation,  Increase-Decrease;  raises 


RAISE. 


851 


RAP. 


cry,  Publicity,  Sign;  raise  a  dust,  Activity-Indo- 
lence ;  raise  a  hue  and  cry  against,  Approval-Disap- 
proval; raise  alarm,  Alarm,  Sanguineness-Tim- 
idity;  raise  a  laugh,  Entertainment-Weariness; 
raise  anger,  Favorite-Anger;  raise  an  uproar,  Tyr- 
anny-Anarchy; raise  a  question,  Faith-Misgiving, 
Investigation-Answer;  raise  a  report,  Publicity; 
raise  a  siege,  Fighting-Conciliation;  raise  a  storm, 
Turbulence-Calmness;  raise  expectations,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness;  raise  funds,  Gain-Loss; 
raise  hope,  Prophecy;  raise  money,  Gain-Loss, 
Loan-Borrowing;  raise  one's  head,  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Reputation -Discredit,  Weari- 
ness-Refreshment, Welfare  -  Misfortune;  raise 
one's  voice,  Assertion-Denial,  Speech-Inarticu- 
lateness; raise  one's  voice  against,  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Assent- Dissent;  raise  spirits  from  the 
dead,  Devotion-Magic;  raise  the  finger,  Sign;  raise 
the  mask,  Loan-Borrowing;  raise  the  red  flag, 
Tyranny-Anarchy;  raise  the  spirits,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection;  raise  the  wind,  Gain-Loss,  Loan- 
Borrowing;  raise  troops,  Fighting-Conciliation; 
raise  up  vertical,  Erectness-Flatness,  Excita- 
tion. 

raised.     Projecting.     Convexity-Concavity. 

rai'-sin.     A  dried  grape.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

raison  d'etre  [F.]  (re-zon-'  detr).  The  reason  for  being. 
Purpose-Luck. 

raison  de  plus  [F.]  (re-zon-'  de  plii).  All  the  more  rea- 
son.      EVIDENCE-COUNTEREVIDENCE. 

ra'-jah.     Hindu  prince.     Chief-Underling. 

raj"-poot'.     A  Hindu  of  the  warrior  caste. 

rake.  Garden  tool;  libertine.  Atonement,  Domes- 
tication-Agriculture, Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Mod- 
eration-Selfindulgence,  Purity-Rake,  Push- 
Pull;  rake  out,  Injection-Ejection;  rake  up,  Ex- 
citation, Gathering-Scattering,  Injection-Ejec- 
tion, Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  rake  up  evi- 
dence, Evidence-Counterevidence. 

rake'-hell".  Utterly  abandoned  wretch.  Good  Man- 
Bad  Man,  Purity-Rake. 

ra"-king-fire' .  Firing  passing  lengthwise  of  the  vessel. 
Attack-Defense. 

ra'-kish.  Dissolute.  Health-Sickness,  Renovation- 
Relapse. 

rallentando  [It.]  (ral"-len-tan'-do) .  Gradually  slower. 
Music 

ral'-ly.  Meeting;  to  encourage.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Bravery-Cowardice,  Organization-Dis- 
organization, Renovation-Relapse,  Society-De- 
rision; rally  round,  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Regularity-Irregularity. 

ral'-ly-ing.  Arousing.  Rallying  cry,  Bravery-Cow- 
ardice, Sign;  rallying  point,  Gatheringplace. 

ram.  Male  sheep;  war-vessel;  thrust.  Belligerent, 
Fauna-Flora,  Impetus-Reaction,  Male-Female, 
Perforator-Stopper;  milk  the  ram,  Usefulness- 
Uselessness;  ram  down,  Aperture-Closure,  So- 
lidity-Rarity; ram  in,  Injection-Ejection. 

ram"-a-dan'.  Annual  Mohammedan  fast.  Ceremo- 
nial, Fasting-Gluttony. 

ram'-age.     Wild.     Fauna-Flora. 

ram"-a-zan'.     Ramadan,     a.  v. 

ram'-ble.  To  roam.  Aim-Aberration,  Sagacity-In- 
capacity, Saneness-Lunacy,  Terseness-Prolix- 
ity, Traveling-Navigation. 

ram'-bler.     One  who  roams.     Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

ram'-bling.  Wandering;  irregular;  weak.  Aim-Ab- 
erration, Force- Weakness,  Saneness-Lunacy, 
Terseness-Prolixity,  Traveling-Navigation. 

ram"-i-fi-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  spreading  out.  Concen- 
tration-Radiation, Doubling-Halving,  Lamina- 
Fiber,  Parentage  Progeny,  Proportion-Deform- 
ity. Whole-Part. 


ram'-i-fy.     To    divide.     Concentration -Radiation, 

Doubling-Halving. 
ram'-mer.     That    which    rams.     Impetus-Reaction, 

Perforator-Stopper. 

ra,~™  S  '    >  Branching.    Proportion-Deformity. 
ra-mous.  J  ° 

ramp.  To  spring;  to  grow  luxuriantly.  Ascent-De- 
scent, Spring-Dive. 

ram'-page.     Noisiness.     Turbulence-Calmness. 

ram'-rod".  Stick  used  in  loading  guns.  Perforator-, 
Stopper. 

ram'-shack"-le.     Shaky.     Security-Insecurity. 

ran'-cid.  Rank.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Perfume- 
Stench. 

ran-cid'-i-ty.     Stench.     Perfume-Stench. 

ran'-cor.  Malice.  Charitableness-Malevolence, 
Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

ran'-cor-ous.  Vindictive.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

ran'-dan.     Kind  of  boat.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

ran'-dom.  Casual.  Certainty-Doubt,  Conveyance- 
Vessel,  Purpose-Luck,  Rationale-Luck;  talk  at 
random,  Gull-Hyperbole,  Ratiocination -In- 
stinct, Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

range.  Stove;  extent;  to  station.  Aim-Aberration, 
Continuity-Interruption,  Diversion,  Extension- 
District,  Liberty-Subjection,  Organization-Dis- 
organization, Oven- Refrigerator,  Quantity- 
Measure,  Remoteness-Nearness,  Station,  Trav- 
eling-Navigation; long  range,  Remoteness-Near- 
ness; range  itself,  Regularity- Irregularity; 
range  under,  Admission-Expulsion;  range  with, 
Admission -Expulsion;  within  range,  Contin- 
gency. 

ran'-ger.  One  who  ranges.  Guard-Prisoner,  Mana- 
ger, Robber. 

ra'-ni.  Hindu  queen.  Chief-Underling,  Male-Fe- 
male. 

rank.  Degree;  flourishing;  smelling  bad.  Animal- 
ity-Vegetability,  Belligerent,  Continuity-In- 
terruption, Decision-Misjudgment,  Goodness- 
Badness,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Organization- 
Disorganization,  Perfume-Stench,  Quantity- 
Measure,  Regularity-Irregularity,  Reputation- 
Discredit,  Station  ;  man  of  rank,  Gentility-Com- 
monalty, Reputation-Discredit;  person  of  rank, 
Gentility-Commonalty;  rank  and  file,  Belliger- 
ent, Continuity- Interruption,  Gentility -Com- 
monalty. 

ran'-kle.  To  irritate.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Cleanness-Filthiness,  Favorite-Anger,  Pardon- 
Revenge,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness. 

ranks.  Common  soldiers.  Fill  up  the  ranks,  Renova- 
tion-Relapse ;  risen  from  the  ranks,  Gentility-Com- 
monalty. 

ran'-sack.  To  search.  Investigation- Answer, 
Theft;  ransack  one's  brains,  Fancy,  Reflection- 
Vacancy. 

ran'-som.  Redemption.  Atonement,  Price-Dis- 
count, Rescue. 

rant.  Rave.  Acting,  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Gull-Hyperbole,  Meaning-Jargon,  Simplicity- 
Floridness,  Speech-Inarticulateness,  Terse- 
ness-Prolixity. 

rant'-er.  One  who  raves.  Godliness-Ungodliness, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

rant'-i-pole .     Noisy  speaker.    Heed-Disregard. 

rap.  Knock;  coin  of  little  value.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Crash-Drumming,  Impetus-Reaction, 
Money;  not  worth  a  rap,  Affluence-Penury;  rap 
on  the  knuckles,  Approval-Disapproval,  Favorite- 
Anger,  Recompense-Punition;  rap  out,  Assertion- 
Denial,   Speech-Inarticulateness,Vocalization« 


RAP. 


852 


RATIOCINATION— INSTINCT. 


Muteness;  rap  out  oaths,  Charitableness,  Curse, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

ra-pa'-cious.  Greedy;  plundering.  Desire-Distaste, 
Extravagance- Avarice,  Taking-Restitution. 

ra-pac'-i-ty.  Desire  to  grasp.  Desire-Distaste,  Tak- 
ing-Restitution, Theft. 

rape.  Snatching;  carnal  knowledge.  Purity-Impu- 
rity, Theft. 

rap'-id.  Speedy.  Swiftness-Slowness;  rapid  slope, 
Parallelism-Inclination;  rapid  strides,  rapid  suc- 
cession, Frequency-Rarity. 

rn  pid'-i-ty.     Swiftness.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

rap'-ids.     Swift  water.     River-Wind. 

ra'-pi-er.     Kind  of  sword.     Weapon. 

rap'-ine.     Plunder.     Theft. 

rap"-pa-ree'.     Vagabond.     Robber. 

rap-pee'.     A  snuff.     Pungency. 

rap-pel'.  Drum-roll.  Crash-Drumming,  Fighting- 
Conciliation. 


rap'-ping. 
Magic. 


Knocking.        Rapping  spirit,  Devotion- 


rapports,  sous  lous  les  [F.]  (ra-port',  sa  tu  16).  In 
every  respect.     Truth-Error. 

rapprochement  [F.]  (ra-prosh-man').  Junction.  Am- 
ity-Hostility, Variance-Accord. 

rap-scal'-lion.     Vagabond.     Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

rapt.     Enraptured.     Emotion,  Heed-Disregard. 

rap-to'-ri-al.  Pertaining  to  a  kind  of  bird.  Taking- 
Restitution,  Theft. 

rap'-ture.     Ecstasy.     Love-Hate,  Pleasure-Pain. 

rap'-tured.     Joyous.     Pleasure-Pain. 

rap'-tur-ous.  Transporting.  Emotion,  Love -Hate, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

rara  avis  [L.]  (re'-ra  e'-vis).  A  rare  bird.  Conven- 
tionality -  Unconventionality,  Goodness  -  Bad- 
ness, Reputation-Discredit. 

rare.  Scarce.  Consequence-Insignificance,  Con- 
ventionality -  Unconventionality,  Frequency- 
■  Rarity,  Goodness-Badness,  Likelihood-Unlikeli- 
hood, Multiplicity-Paucity,  Solidity-Rarity. 

rar'-ee-show".  Peep-show.  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Entertainment-Weariness. 

rar"-e-fac'-tion.  Process  of  making  rare.  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution, Solidity-Rarity. 

rar'-e-fled.     Expanded.     Solidity-Rarity. 

rar'-e-fy.  To  make  rare.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion, Solidity-Rarity. 

rare'-ly.     Seldom.     Frequency-Rarity. 

rare'-ness.     Infrequency.     Frequency-Rarity. 

rari  nantes  [L.~\  (re'-rai  nan'-tiz).  Rare  ducks.  Mul- 
tiplicity-Paucity. 


rar'-i-ty.  Scarceness.  Conventionality-Unconven- 
tionality,  Frequency-Rarity,  Multiplicity-Pau- 
city. Solidity-Rarity. 

rasa,  tabula  [L.]  (re'-sa,  tab'-yu-la).  An  erased  tablet. 
Mark-Obliteration. 

ras'-cal.  Knave.  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Uprightness- 
Rogue. 

ras-cal'-i-ty.  Trickishness.  Uprightness  -  Dishon- 
esty. 

ras-cal'-lion.   A  rascal.    Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

ras'-cal-ly.     Knavish.     Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

rase.     To  destroy.     Mark-Obliteration. 

rash.  Disease;  reckless.  Health-Sickness,  Reck- 
lessness-Caution, Sagacity-Incapacity. 

rash'-er.     Slice  of  meat.     Lamina-Fiber. 

rash'-ling.     A  rash  person.     Recklessness-Caution. 

rash'-ness.  Recklessness.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Reck- 
lessness-Caution. 

rasp.  Instrument  for  scraping.  Friability,  Fric- 
tion-Lubrication. 

rasp'-er.  That  which  rasps ;  high  fence.  Difficulty- 
Facility. 

ra'-sure.     Erasure.     Mark-Obliteration. 

rat.  Formerly  a  union  man,  but  now  generally  applied 
to  printers  who  do  not  belong  to  the  union;  a  small 
rodent.  Bigotry- Apostasy;  smell  a  rat,  Dis- 
covery, Faith-Misgiving. 

ra-tan'.     Rattan.     Recompense-Scourge. 

ratch'-et.     Piece  of  mechanism.     Sharpness-Blunt- 

NESS. 

rate.     Amount.     Approval-Disapproval,    Decision- 

MlSJUDGMENT,       MENSURATION,       MOVEMENT  -  REST, 

Price-Discount,  Quantity-Measure;  at  a  great 
rate,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

rath.  Early;  fort.  Attack-Defense,  Earliness- 
Lateness. 

rath'-er.  Somewhat.  Choice -Rejection,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness,  Magnitude-Smallness;  had  rather,  Choice- 
Neutrality;  had  rather  not,  Desire-Distaste; 
have  good,  Faultlessness-Faultiness.   . 

rat"-i-fi-ca'-tion.  Confirmation.  Assent -Dissent, 
Consent,  Contract,  Evidence-Counterevidence. 

rat'-i-fy.  To  approve;  make  binding.  Assent-Dis- 
sent, Contract,  Evidence-Counterevidence. 

ra'-ting.     A  scolding.     Approval-Disapproval. 

ra'-tio.  Rate.  Assignment,  Connection-Independ- 
ence, Number,  Quantity-Measure. 

ra"-ti-oc"-i-na'-tion.  Reason.  Ratiocination -In- 
stinct. 


RATIOCINATION'— INSTINCT. 


Argumentation.  The  process  of  inferring  propositions  and  drawing 
conclusions,  not  known  or  admitted  as  true,  from  principles  or 
^acts,  admitted  or  proved  to  be  true. 

Art  of  reasoning.     The  application  of  the  laws  of  reasoning. 

Debate.     Argumentation  for  and  against. 

Deduction.  The  applying  of  some  general  law  or  principle  to  an  in- 
dividual case. 

Generalization.  The  deriving  of  general  principles  or  laws  from  in- 
dividual cases. 

Induction.  The  forming  of  general  principles  or  notions  from  par- 
ticular instances. 

Inference.  The  process  of  deriving  conclusions  from  previous  argu- 
ments or  evidence. 

Predesignation.     Act  of  designating  in  advance. 

Ratiocination.  The  process  of  drawing  conclusions  from  the  premise 
stated. 

Reasoning.  The  process  of  arriving  at  conclusions  by  a  systematic 
comparison  of  facts. 

Wrangling.     Angry  and  noisy  dispute. 

Ratiocination — Nouns  of  Agency. 
Arguer.     One  who  argues.     See  Verbs. 
Casuist.     One  who  works  out  the  niceties  of  moral  questions. 


Association.  A  relation  or  connection  of  ideas  not  due  to  the  reason- 
ing powers. 

Instinct.  Discernment  of  what  is  fitting  or  necessary  without  reason- 
ing. 

Intuition.  An  immediate  grasping  of  truth  or  knowledge  pnoi  to  all 
teaching  or  reasoning. 

Presentiment.     A  prophetic  insight  into  the  future;  a  foreboding. 

Instinct — Denotations. 

Ignotum    per  ignotius  [L.].     Unknown  by  a  thing   still  more  un 

known .  confusing  explanation. 
Misjudgment.     Mistaken  conclusion  arrived  at  without  reasoning. 
Nonsense.     That  which  has  no  sense  or  reason  in  it. 
Post  hoc,  ergo  propter  hoc  [L.].     After  this,  therefore  because  of  this. 
Rule  of  thumb.    Any  primitive  method,  more  practical  than  scientific 

Instinct — Scientific  Nouns. 
Bad  case.     A  case  in  which  there  is  lack  of  reasoning,  or  in  which  the 

reasoning  is  faulty. 
Ignoratia  elenchi  [L.J.     Lack  of  reasoning  power  to  discern  the  real 

point  at  issue. 
Non  sequitur  [L.J.     It  does  not  follow  a  conclusion  unwarranted  by 

sound  reasoning. 


RATIOCINATION. 


S53 


RATIOCINATION— INSTINCT. 


RATIOCINATION— INSTINCT— Continued. 


RATIOCINATION— Nouns  of  Agency— Continued. 

Controversialist.     One  given  to  controversy.     See  Nouns  of  M  inner. 
Contro  vertist .     Controversialist 
Debater.     One  given  to  debate 
Dialectician .     One  who  reasons  skilfully- 
Disputant.     A  party  in  a  dispute 
Logician.     An  expert  in  reasoning. 
Plaidoyer  [F  ]      A  defense,  a  speech  at  the  bar. 
Polemic.     One  who  undertakes  to  defend  a  theory  or  doctrine. 
Rationalist.     A  believer  in  rationalism  ■  that  the  reason  is  the  source 

of  all  knowledge. 
Reasoner.     One  much  given  to  reasoning. 
Scientist.     A  scientific  investigator 
Wrangler.     A  debater  who  is  easily  angered ,  the  highest  grader  in 

mathematics  in  the  University  of  Cambridge.  England. 

Ratiocination — Nouns  of  Manner. 
Analysis.     The  logical  separation  of  a  compound  into  its  original 

parts. 
Argument.     A  formal  process  of  reasoning. 
Case.     A  cause  of  dispute  or  reasoning. 
Cogent  reasoning.     Convincing  reasoning. 
Comment.     Informal  discussion  of  any  matter 
Comprehensive  argument.     An  argument  that  covers  all  points  in 

dispute. 
Conclusive  reasoning.     Reasoning  which  leaves  no  doubt  as  to  the 

conclusions  drawn. 
Consectary  reasoning.     Reasoning  which  necessarily  follows  from  the 

premises  stated. 
Contention.     Maintaining  by  argument. 
Controversy.     A  prolonged  discussion,  usually  in  writing. 
Correct  reasoning.     Reasoning  which  logically  follows  step  by  step. 
Dialectics.     That  branch  of  logic  which  teaches  the  rules  and  modes 

of  reasoning 
Disceptation.     Controversy 
Discussion.     The  process  of  giving  the  reasons  on  both  sides  of  a 

question 
Disputation.     The  arguing  of  any  question,  usually  more  heated  than 

discussion 
Force  of  argument.     Power  of  the  argument  to  convince. 
Forcible  reasoning.     Reasoning  chat  compels  belief. 
Good  case.     One  in  which  the  line  of  reasoning  is  complete. 
Inquiry.     Investigation 
Just  reasoning.     Correct  reasoning. 
Logic.     The  science  of  correct  thinking. 
Logical  reasoning.     Consistent  reasoning 

Logical  sequence.     Reasoning  which  follows  in  a  logical  order. 
Logomachy.     A  dispute  over  mere  words. 
Paper  war.     A  controversy  in  writing 

Persuasatory  reasoning.  I  r,  ...  .    .    ,.  , 

Persuasive  reasoning.     /  Reason'"8  »»»<*  compels  bel,ef. 
Polemics.     The  art  or  practise  of  carrying  on  disputations. 
Process  of  reasoning.     The  whole  course  or  line  of  reasoning. 
Rationalism.     The  system  which  makes  rational  power  the  basis  of 

truth 
Sound  reasoning.     Correct  reasoning. 
Strong  argument.     An  argument  that  convinces. 
Strong  point.     That  part  of  the  argument  which  has  the  most  telling 

effect 
Subtle  reasoning.     Reasoning  with  great  nicety 
Synthesis.     The  combining  of  separate  elements  into  one  whole. 
Valid  reasoning.     Correct  reasoning. 
Ventilation.     Free  public  discussion  of  any  question. 
Wrangle.     A  contentious  discussion. 

Ratiocination — Scientific  Nouns. 

A  priori  reasoning.  Reasoning  from  antecedent  cause  to  consequent 
effect. 

Arguments  Connected  series  of  statements  or  reasons  intended  to 
establish  a  position. 

Argumentum  ad  homtnem  [L.J  An  argument  against  the  prac- 
tises of  an  opponent  and  not  against  the  principles  which  he  advo- 
cates. 

Datum.     The  premise  or  starting-point  of  an  argument. 

Dilemma.     An  argument  which  presents  two  or  more  alternatives. 

Empirema.      Proposition  based  on  experience. 

Enthymeme.  An  argument  in  which  one  of  the  premises  is  sup- 
pressed. 

Epagoge.     Inductive  reasoning. 

Horns  of  a  dilemma.     The  two  or  more  alternatives  of  a  dilemma. 

Judgment.  The  comparison  of  the  two  terms  of  a  syllogism  and  their 
union  or  disunion  affirmed. 

Lemma.      A  proposition  assumed  to  be  true. 


Instinct — Figurative  Expressions. 
At  the  end  of  one's  tether.     Without  an  answer. 

Au  bout  de  son  Latin  [F  ].     At  the  end  of  his  Latin ;  at  his  wit's  end. 
Lame  and  impotent  argument.     A  weak  argument. 
* 

Instinct — Verbs. 

Hazard  a  proposition.     Take  chances  on  a  proposition  without  basing 

it  on  sufficient  reason 
Judge  by  intuition.     To  judge  without  reasoning.     See  Nouns. 
Judge  intuitively.      Tudge  by  intuition. 
Misjudge.     To  err  in  judgment. 

Not  have  a  leg  to  stand  on.     To  be  entirely  unsupported  by  reason. 
Parler  d  tort  et  d  trovers  [F  J.     To  speak  at  random,  right  and  left. 

Rea        '11  I  ^°  ma^e  mistakes  in  reasoning. 

Talk  at  random.     To  talk  in  a  haphazard  manner. 
Travel  out  of  the  record.     To  wander  from  the  point  at  issue. 

Instinct — Adjectives. 

Absonant.     Not  concordant ;   inconsistent 
Absonous.     Absonant. 

Anterior  to  reason.     Arrived  at  without  the  use  of  the  reasoning  pow- 
ers. 
Feeble.     Weak;  as,  a  feeble  argument. 
Flimsy.     Of  little  strength  or  force. 
Foolish.     Void  of  reason. 
Frivolous.     Insufficient ;  lacking  weight. 
Gratuitous.     Without  sufficient  warrant. 
Groundless      With  no  basis  of  reason. 
Hazarded.     Taken  chances  on 
Illogical.     Without  sound  reasoning 
Impulsive.     Acting  without  due  thought. 
Inconclusive.     Not  warranting  a  conclusion. 
Inconsequent.      Not  following  according  to  the  laws  of  reason. 
Inconsequential       Inconsequent 
Inconsistent.     Not  agreeing  with  the  rules  of  logic. 
Incorrect.      Not  following  the  laws  of  reasoning. 
Independent  of  reason .     Intuitive. 
Instinctive.     Discerned  by  instinct      See  Nouns. 
Intuitive.     Known  by  intuition.     See  Nouns. 
Invalid       Not  sound 
Irrational.     Not  according  to  reason 
Irrelevant.     Not  pertaining  to  the  subject. 
Loose       Not  connected. 
Nonsensical.     Void  of  reason 
Not  following.     Inconsequent. 
Poor.     Weak. 

Unconnected.      Not  logically  related. 
Unproved.     Not  supported  by  reason. 
Unreasonable.     Contrary  to  or  exceeding  reason. 
Unscientific.     Not  according  to  the  principles  of  science. 
Unsound.      Not  based  on  sound  reasoning. 
Untenable.     Not  to  be  defended  by  good  reasons. 
Unwarranted.     Lacking  evidence  or  authority. 
Vague.     Unauthorized. 
Weak.     Lacking  force. 

Instinct — Adverbs. 

By  intuition.  Without  reasoning  See  Nouns. 
Illogically.  Not  according  to  the  rules  of  logic. 
Intuitively.     By  intuition. 

Instinct — Phrases. 

A  mockery,  a  delusion,  and  a  snare. 

Non  constat  [L.J.     It  does  not  appear. 
That  goes  for  nothing. 


RATIOCINATION— Scientific  Nouns— Continued. 

Opening.     The  beginning  of  an  argument  or  suit. 

Perilepsis .     Comprehension 

Postulate.     A  self-evident  truth. 

Premise.     A  proposition  laid  down  as  a  basis  for  argument. 

Principle,     A  fundamental  truth ;  a  ground  of  action. 

Proposition.     A  judgment  expressed  in  words.     See  Decision 

Pros  and  cons  [L.].     Arguments  for  and  against. 

Prosyllogism.     A  syllogism  which  is  used  to  prove  the  premise  of 

another. 
Reasons.     That  which  is  given  as  supporting  an  argument. 
Reductio  ad  absurdum   [L.].     Proving  a  proposition  by  showing  the 

absurdity  of  its  contrary 


RATIOCINATION. 


851 


RATIOCINATION— CASUISTRY. 


RATIOCINATION- 

Sorites.     A  series  of  syllogisms  abridged. 
Starting-point.      The  beginning  of  an  argument  or  case. 


■Scientific  Nouns — Cor  tinned. 

Syllogism.      The  regular  logical  form  of  argument. 
Terms.     The  three  parts  of  a  syllogism. 


Ratiocination — Figurative  Expressions. 


Chain  of  reasoning.)  „  .    .  . 

Train  of  reasoning.  I  ^onnected  steps  or  points  of  reasoning. 


Ratiocination — Verbs. 


Agitate  a  question.     To  excite  interest  in  or  draw  attention  to. 

Argue.     To  advance  reasons  for  or  against. 

Bandy  arguments.     To  give  and  receive  arguments. 

Bandy  words.     To  exchange  words;  retort  in  words. 

Be  at  issue.     To  be  in  dispute. 

Canvass.     To  discuss  and  sift ;  to  carefully  examine. 

Carry  on  an  argument.     To  maintain  an  argument. 

Chop  logic.     To  wrangle,  as  if  in  formal  logic. 

Come  to  the  point.     To  stick  to  the  argument. 

Comment  upon.     To  discuss  in  an  informal  manner 

Consider.     To  ponder  in  the  mind. 

Contend.     To  enter  into  argument. 

Controvert.     To  oppose  by  argument. 

Debate.     To  formally  argue  a  question. 

Deny.     To  declare  untrue. 

Discuss.     To  enter  into  discussion.     See  Nouns  of  Manner. 

Dispute.     To  enter  into  disputation.     See  Nouns  of  Manner. 

Examine.     To  carefully  sift;  to  weigh. 

Hold  on  an  argument.     To  continue  the  line  of  reasoning. 

Infer.     To  draw  conclusions. 


Insist.     To  urge  an  argument  with  earnestness. 

Join  issue.     To  take  opposite  sides  of  an  argument. 

Lay  stress  upon.     To  make  emphatic. 

Moot.     To  argue  or  debate. 

Moralize.  To  discuss  questions  with  regard  to  the  mora\  lessons  t» 
be  drawn. 

Open  a  case.     To  begin  a  suit. 

Open  a  discussion.     To  begin  an  argument. 

Reason.     To  exercise  the  power  of  reasoning.     See  Nouns. 

Stir  a  question.     To  agitate  a  question. 

Take  one's  stand  upon.  To  place  entire  dependence  upon,  as  an  ar- 
gument. 

Take  up  a  case.     Take  up  a  suit  in  court. 

Take  up  a  side.     To  support  one  point  of  view  in  an  argument. 

Torture  an  argument.  To  pervert  or  twist  an  argument  to  suit  one's 
purpose. 

Try  conclusions  with.     To  contend  with  for  superiority. 

Ventilate.     To  open  to  public  discussion. 

Wrangle.     To  enterinto  a  wrangle.     See  "Wrangle. 


Ratiocination — Adjectives. 


Argumentative.     Characterized  by  arguments;  given  to  arguing. 

Aristotelian.     Like  the  reasoning  of  Aristotle. 

Controversial.     Given  to  controversy. 

Controvertible.     Capable  of  being  disputed. 

Debatable.     Capable  of  being  debated. 

Dialectic.     Logical. 

Discursive.     Exhibiting  the  power  of  connected  thought. 

Discursory.      Discursive. 


Disputatious.     Eager  to  enter  into  disputes. 

Logical.     Following  the  laws  of  reasoning. 

Polemical.     Given  to  polemics. 

Rationalistic.     Relying  on  reason  alone. 

Reasoning.     Endowed  with  the  power  of  reasoning. 

Relevant.     Suited  to  the  purpose. 

Synthetic.     Constructing  wholes  from  particulars. 


Ratiocination — Adverbs,  etc. 


Accordingly.     In  a  fitting  or  conformable  manner. 

A  fortiori  [L.].     Much  more  so. 

After  all.     All  things  considered. 

Au  bout  du  compie  [F.].     When  all  is  done. 

Because.     For  that  reason. 

Consequently.     It  naturally  follows. 

Considering.     All  things  taken  into  account. 

Ergo  [L.].     Therefore. 

Ex  concesso  [L.].     From  what  has  been  conceded. 

Finally.     In  conclusion. 

For.     Owing  to  the  fact  that. 

Forasmuch.     Considering  that. 

For  that  reason     \ 

For  this  reason.      >  Wherefore. 

For  which  reason.  J 

Hence.     From  this  cause ;  therefore. 

Inasmuch.     Considering  that. 


In  conclusion.     Finally. 

In  consideration  of.     Considering  these  things  are  so. 

la  fine.     In  conclusion. 

On  the  whole.     All  things  considered. 

Seeing  that.     Considering  that. 

Since.     Following  upon  the  fact. 

Sith.     Since. 

So.     For  this  cause  or  reason. 

Take  one  thing  with  another.     All  things  considered. 

Then.     As  a  consequence. 

Thence.     Following  all  that  has  gone  before. 

Therefore.     For  this  or  that  reason. 

Thus.     On  these  grounds;  in  this  case. 

Whence.     For  which  reason. 

Whereas.     Since  the  circumstances  or  facts  are  such 

Wherefore.     For  which  reason. 


Ratiocination — Phrase. 


Abactu  ad  posse  valet  consecutio  [L.J.     From  what  has  been  to  what  may  be,  the  inference  holds. 


RATIOCINATION— CASUISTRY. 


Casuistry. 

Casuistry.  False  reasoning  or  teaching  in  regard  to  duties,  obliga- 
tions, and  morals. 

Chicane.     Trickery;  artifice. 

Chicanery.     Use  of  trickery  or  artifice. 

Equivocation.  The  use  of  a  word  of  doubtful  meaning  with  a  pur- 
pose to  mislead. 

Evasion.     Avoiding  the  question  in  dispute. 

Inconsistency.      Logical  disagreement. 

Juggle.     Imposture ;  deception. 

Misjudgment.     Wrong  or  mistaken  judgment. 

Mystification.     Act  of  artfully  perplexing  the  mind  of  an  opponent. 

Paralogy.     Mistaken  reasoning;   sometimes  false  reasoning. 

Perversion.     Twisting  of  an  argument  to  suit  one's  purpose. 

Sophistry.     A  pretense  of  sound  reasoning  intended  to  deceive. 

Speciousness.     Having  the  appearance  of  sound  reasoning. 

Vicious  reasoning.     Reasoning  which  is  defective  in  logical  souri- 


Casuistry — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Pettifogger.     A  lawyer  who  resorts  to  cunning  and  artifice. 
Quibbler.      One  who  resorts  to  petty  and  trivial  distinctions. 
Special  pleader.     One  who  engages  in   special  pleading      See  sutt 
Special  pleading. 

Casuistry — Nouns  of  Manner. 
Antilogy.     Inconsistency;  self-contradiction. 
Claptrap.     A  trick  or  device  designed  to  win  applause. 
Overrefinement.      Making  too  nice  distinctions. 
Quibble.     A  shuffling  evasion  of  a  point  or  question. 
Quirk.     An  artful  turn  or  evasion  in  an  argument. 
Subterfuge.     Evading  the  force  of  an  argument  by  some  artifice  o* 
strategy. 

Casuistry — Nouns  of  Means. 
Elench.     A  false  refutation. 

Fallacy.     Any  unsound  or  delusive  mode  of  reasoning. 
Paralogism.     A  mistake  or  falsity  in  reasoning. 
Solecism.     Monstrosity  of  statement. 
Sophism.     A  false  argument  used  with  the  purpose  of  deceiving. 


RATIOCINATION— CASUISTRY. 


855 


RATIONALE— LUCK. 


RATIOCINATION— CASUISTRY—  Continued. 


Casuistry — Nouns  of  Result. 
Mere  words.     Words  without  meaning. 
Nonsense.     That  which  is  without  senst. 
Quiddity.     A  trifling  subtlety. 
Quillet.     A  subtlety. 
Qvodlibet.     A  nice  point;  a  subtlety. 
Subtlety.     An  overnice  distinction. 
Weak  point.     A  statement  that  does  not  convince. 

Casuistry — Scientific  Nouns. 
Elenchus.     A  method  of  unsound  reasoning;  a  sophism. 
Petitio  principii    [L.Q.     Begging    the    question;  assuming    in    the 

premise  what  is  to  be  proved  in  the  conclusion. 
Special  pleading.     In  law,  avoiding  the  allegations  of  the  plaintiff  bv 

introducing  new  ^natter. 

Casuistry — Figurative  Nouns. 
Cobwebs  of  sophistry.     Fine-spun  fallacious  reasoning. 
Flaw  in  an  argument.     A  weak  point  in  an  argument. 
Hair-splitting.     The  making  of  overnice  or  trivial  distinctions. 
Meshes  of  sophistry.     Cobwebs  of  sophistry. 

Casuistry — Verbs. 
Beat  about  the  bush.     To  approach  a  subject  in  a  roundabout  way. 
Beg  the  question.     To  avoid  the  point  at  issu^. 
Cavil.     To  pick  flaxr«  ssL—iout  good  reason. 
Cut  blocks  with  a  razor.     To  do  useless  talking. 
Elude.     To  evade. 
Equivocate.     To  use  a  word  ^f  doubtful  meaning  with  the  purpose 

of  deceiving. 
Evade.     To  avoid  the  force  of  an  argument  by  artifice  or  cunning. 
Gloss  over.     To  give  a  specious  appearance. 
Mislead.     To  deceive. 

Misrepresent.     To  pervert;  to  give  a  false  impression. 
Mystify.     To  cause  mystification. 
Pervert.     To  wilfully  twist  or  misinterpret  the  meaning. 


Play  fast  and  loose.     To  say  one  thing  and  do  another. 

Prove  that  black  is  white  and  white  is  black.     To  pervert  the  truth  by 

sophistry. 
Put  oneself  out  of  court.     To  be  dismissed  or  dropped  from  the 

cause,  usually  for  some  default  or  defect  in  the  case. 
Quibble.      To  make  overnice  distinctions  or  to  evade  the  question  in 

an  argument. 
Reason  in  a  circle.     To  engage  in  an  inconclusive  form  of  argument 

in  which  two  or  more  unproved  statements  are  used  to  prove  each 

other. 
Refine.     To  make  overnice  distinctions. 

Split  hairs.     To  insist  upon  oversubtle  or  trivial  distinctions. 
Subtilize.     To  spin  into  niceties. 
Varnish.     To  hide  a  fault  or  error  by  fair  words. 

Casuistry — Adjectives* 

Ad  captandum  vulgus  [L.Q.     To  catch  the  crowd;  pleasing. 

Deceptive.     Misleading. 

Evasive.     Avoiding  by  artifice  or  sophistry. 

Fallacious.     Involving  fallacies. 

Fallible.     Liable  to  be  incorrect  or  false,  as  an  argument. 

False.     Contrary  to  truth;  sometimes  designedly  intended  to  deceive. 

Fine-spun.     Worked  out  with  too  much  subtlety. 

IUu«J"e.     Deceiving. 

Illusory.     Illusive. 

Jesuitical.     Given  to  subtle  sophistries. 

Overrefined.     Too  subtle. 

Pettifogging.     Characteristic  of  a  pettifogger. 

Plausible.     Seeming  to  be  true. 

Quibbling.     Given  to  quibbles. 

Sophistical.     Characterized  by  or  given  to  sophistry. 

Specious.     Having  only  the  appearance  of  truth. 

Casuistry — Phrase. 

A  mockery,  a  delusion,  and  a  snare. 


ia'-tion.  Allowance  of  food.  Assignment,  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion. 

ra'-tion-al.  Reasonable;  not  radical.  Mind-Imbe- 
cility, Number,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Saneness- 


Lunacy. 
ra"-tio-na'-le.     Logical  basis.      Cause-Effect,  Inter 
pretation-Misinterpretation,  Investigation-An- 
swer, Purpose-Luck. 


RATIONALE— LUCK. 


Accounting  for.     An  assignment  of  a  reason  for.     See  Verbs. 

Affiliation.     Close  association  or  relationship. 

Ascription.     The  act  of  ascribing  or  referring  an  effect  to  a  cause. 

Attribution.     The  act  of  referring,  as  to  a  cause. 

Derivation  from.  Deduction  of  a  fact  or  principle  from  a  fixed  law  or 
standard. 

Explanation.  Meaning  assigned  to  anything;  a  definition.  See  In- 
terpretation. 

Filiations.     Connections. 

Imputation.     The  act  of  imputing,  or  of  referring  to  a  cause. 

Pedigree.     A  table  of  descent  and  relationship.     See  Parentage. 

Rationale.     Reasonable  exposition  of  the  principles  of  some  reason. 

Reason  why.     That  which  accounts  for  anything.     See  Cause. 

Reference  to.     Allusion  to. 

Theory.     An  inferential  explanation  of  phenomena. 

Rationale — Scientific  Nouns. 

Etiology.     Science  of  cause. 

Paletiology.  A  causative  explanation  of  the  past  conditions  of  the 
earth. 

Rationale — Verbi. 
Account  for.     To  give  reasons  fa 
Ascribe  to.     To  assign  reasons  io\. 
Assign  as  a  cause.     To  designate  as  a  cause. 
Attribute  to.     To  ascribe  to  as  appropriate. 
Bring  home  to.     To  bring  to  the  source  or  cause. 
Charge  on.     To  ascribe,  as  a  crime. 
Derive  from.     To  draw  from. 

Father  upon.     To  ascribe  anything  to  one,  as  if  to  a  father. 
Ground  on.     To  base  on  a  given  principle 
Impute  to.     'So  ascribe  to. 
Invest  with.     To  put  on,  as  clothing. 
Lay  at  the  door  of.     To  put  down  as  belonging  to  one. 
Lay  to .     To  charge  with . 

Point  out  the  reason.     To  give  a  reason  for.     See  Causb. 
Point  to.     To  indicate  as  the  cause. 


Accident.     A  sudden  and  undesigned  event. 

Adventure.     That  which  happens  undesignedly. 

Assurance.  That  which  inspires  confidence  in  what  was  before 
doubtful 

Book-making.     The  art  of  professional  betting. 

Casualty.     An  accidental  but  unimportant  event. 

Chance.     That  which  happens  without  any  known  cause. 

Chance-medley.  The  killing  of  another  in  self-dafense  upon  an 
unexpected  attack. 

Chapter  of  accidents.     A  series  of  accidents. 

Contingence.     The  possibility  of  an  event  happening  or  not. 

Contingency.     Contingence. 

Equal  chance.     Equal  probability  of  occurring  or  not  occurring. 

Fate.     A  predetermined  event.     See'VoLiTiON-OBLiGATiON". 

Fortune.     That  which  happens  to  a  man;  luck. 

Gaming.     Playing  games  for  stakes.     See  Purpose-Luck. 

Hap.     A  casual  occurrence. 

Haphazard.     Extra  risk  or  chance. 

Hazard.  Uncertainty  as  to  whether  an  event  will  turn  out  good  or 
bad. 

Hazard  of  the  die.     A  risking  of  stakes  upon  a  throw  of  dice. 

Heads  or  tails.     This  side  or  the  other  of  a  coin. 

Hit.     A  stroke  of  loss. 

Indetermination.     Want  of  resolution  or  decision. 

Long  odds.     Little  chance  of  occurring. 

Lottery.     Distribution  of  prizes  by  lots  or  chance. 

Luck.     Anything  that  happens  to  a  person. 

Odds.     The  superiority  of  chances. 

Possibility.     State  of  being  possible ;  that  a  thing  may  happen  or  not. 

Probability.     More  likelihood  of  happening  than  of  not  happening. 

Raccroc  [F.J.     A  chance. 

Random.     Want  of  purpose. 

Run  of  luck.     A  series  of  fortunate  events. 

Sortes  [L.].     A  lot. 

Sortes  Virgiliance  [L.fl.  A  form  of  divination  in  which  the  first  pas- 
sage that  the  eye  drops  on  in  opening  at  random  Virgil's  poems  is 
used  to  direct  the  course  of  the  individual  in  a  difficulty. 


RATIONALE. 


856 


RAVISHED. 


RATION  ALE— LU  CK— Continued. 


RATIONALE— Verbs— Continued, 

Put  the  saddle  on  the  right  horse.     To  fit  on  the  right  place;  ascribe 

aright. 
Put  to.     To  charge  with. 
Refer  to.     To  allude  to. 
Set  down  to.     To  ascribe  to. 
Tellhow  it  comes.     To  state  the  reason  for. 
Theorize.     To  have  a  theory;  have  opinions  in  theory. 
Trace  to.     To  follow  up  to;  ascribe. 

Rationale — Adjectives. 
Attributable.     Able  to  be  attributed.     See  Verbs. 
Attributed.     Ascribed.     See  sub  Verbs. 
Derivable  from.     Known  by  inference  from. 
Due  to.     Deserving  of;  meriting. 
Owing  to.     In  consequence  of. 
Putative.     Reputed;  supposed. 

■  *  |  Capable  of  being  ascribed. 


Referrible. 


Rat  ionale — Adverbs,  etc. 


■  Owing  to  this. 


Because.     For  this  reason. 

From  that  cause  J, 

From  this  cause.  J 

For.     Because. 

For  as  much  as.     Since. 

Hence.     Therefore. 

How  comes  it. 

How  does  it  happen.  I  «,,    .  .    .,  s 

How  happens  it.  What  ls  the  cause  or  reason  ? 

How  is  it.  J 

In  some  such  way.l  ., 

,  ;  r  rom  a  certain  cause  or  reason. 

In  some  way.         ) 

On  account  of.     (  q  v-_    t 

On  that  account./ 

Owing  to.     Because. 

Propter  hoc   [L.].     On  account  of. 

Since.     Following  upon  the  fact  that. 

bome  ow.  pQr  g^jg  indefinite  cause  or  reason. 

Somehow  or  other  J 

Thanks  to.     Owing  to. 

Thence.     From  the  fact. 

Therefore.     For  this  reason. 

Whence.     From  the  fact. 

Wherefore.     From  this  cause. 

Why.     For  what  cause  ?  . 

Rationale — Phrases. 
Forte;  lorttnia  adj-.vat  [L.J.     Fortune  favor,  the  brave. 
Fortuna  iavet  fatuis  [L.J.     Fortune  favors  fools. 

ra'-tion-al-ism.  Reliance  upon  reason.  Godliness- 
Disbelief,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

ra'-tion-al-ist.  A  believer  in  rationalism.  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct. 

ra"-tion-al-is'-tic.     Reasonable.     Certainty-Doubt. 

ra"-tion-al'-i-ty.  Reasonableness.  Mind-Imbecility, 
Sagacity-Incapacity,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

rat'-lings.  The  rope  rungs  of  a  ship's  ladders.  As- 
cent-Descent, Conveyance-Vessel,  Suspension- 
Support. 

rat-tan'.  A  switch.  Might-Impotence,  Recompense- 
Scourge. 

rat'-ten.     To  persecute.     Might-Impotence. 

rat'-tle.  Noise.  Crash-Drumming,  Musical  Instru- 
ments. Talkativeness-Taciturnity;  death-rattle, 
Life-Death;  rattle  on,  Talkativeness-Tacitur- 
nity. 

rat'- tie-snake".  Kind  of  venomous  snake.  Benefac- 
tor-Evildoer. 

rat'-tle-traps".     Rickety  objects.     Property. 

rat'-tling.  Lively.  Lightheartedness-Dejection; 
rattling  pace,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

rau'-ci-ty.  Hoarseness.  Loudness  -  Faintness,  Vo- 
calization-Muteness. 

rau'-cous.     Hoarse.     Vocalization-Muteness. 

rav'-age.  To  pillage.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Creation-Destruction;  ravages  of  time,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Duration-Neverness 


Speculation.     A  more  or  less  risky  investment  of  money. 

Throw  of  the  dice.     A  hazard  or  venture. 

Toss  up.     A  venture. 

Turn  of  the  cards.  I  .    .  •    ,     , 

Turn  of  the  table./  A  chance  m  luck- 

Wheel  of  fortune.     Chance  or  fortune. 


Luck — Scientific  Nouns. 


Theory  of  chances. 
Theory  of  probabilities 


fAth 
fities.j     ofr 


A  theory  in  which  are  set  forth  the  relation* 
events  to  each  other,  their  chances  ofy 


probabilities  of  happening. 


Luck —  Verbs, 

Be  one's  fate.     To  be  one's  appointed  lot.     See  Volition -Obliga- 
tion. 
Chance.     To  happen  without  cause. 

Fall  to  one's  lot.     To  happen  without  any  intent  of  the  person. 
Hap.     To  happen . 

Light  upon.     To  come  upon  by  chance. 
Stumble  on.     To  happen  without  design. 
Take  one's  chance.     To  hazard  it.     See  Purpose-Luck. 
Turnup.     To  come  up;  come  to  pass. 

Luck — Adjectives. 

Accidental.     Not  designed  or  planned. 

Adventitious.     Not  essential;  aasual. 

Casual.     Occurring  by  chance. 

Causeless.     Happening  without  cause. 

Contingent.     Likely  to  occur. 

Fortuitous.     Happening  without  any  known  cause. 

Incidental.     Coming  without  regularity. 

Indeterminate.     Not  determined  or  precise. 

Possible.     Capable  of  happening  or  not.     See  Possibility. 

Uncaused.     Having  no  cause  or  reason. 

Undetermined.     Not  settled  or  established. 

Unintentional.     H  appening  without  design . 

Luck — Adverbial  Expressions. 

As  bad  would  have  it;  as  good  would  have  it;  as  ill-luck  would  have 
it;  as  it  may  be;  as  it  may  chance;  as  it  may  happen;  as  it  may 
turn  up;  as  the  case  may  be;  by  accident;  by  chance;  casually; 
for  aught  one  knows. 


RATIONALE—  Phrases— Continued. 

Hinc  illee  lachrymce  [L.].      Hence  these  tears. 
That  is  why. 

rave.  To  rage.  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Ex- 
citation, Saneness-Lunacy;  rave  against,  Approv- 
al-Disapproval. 

rav'-el.  To  un knit.  Crossing,  Difficulty-Facility, 
Organization-Disorganization. 

rav'-eled.  Unknit.  Circle-Winding,  Regularity* 
Irregularity. 

rave'-lin.     Kind  of  fort.     Attack-Defense. 

rav'-el-ing.     A  tangle.     Regularity-Irregularity. 

rav'-elled.     See  Raveled. 

ra'-ven.  Kind  of  bird;  black;  prey  upon.  Fasting- 
Gluttony,  Vocalization-Muteness,  Whiteness- 
Blackness;  raven  for,  Desire-Distaste. 

rav'-en-ing.  Preying  upon.  Desire-Distaste,  Tur* 
bulence-Calmness. 

rav'-en-ous.  Voracious.  Desire-Distaste.  Taking- 
Restitution. 

rav'-en-ous-ness.     Greediness.     Desire-Distaste. 

ra'-ver.     One  who  raves.     Saneness-Maniac. 

rav'-in.  Ravage.  Xutriment-Excretiox,  Plun- 
der. 

ra-vine'.  Gully.  Breadth-Narrowness,  Groove, 
Interspace-Contact. 

ra'-ving.  Furious.  Emotion,  Excitability-Inexci- 
tability.  Excitation,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

rav'-ish.  To  violate;  to  enrapture.  Pleasurable* 
ness- Pain  fulness,  Taking-Restitution. 

rav'-ished.     Pleased.     Pleasure-Pain. 


RAVISH  I XG. 


857 


READINESS— RELUCTANCE. 


rav'-ish-ing.  Rapturous.  Pleasurableness  -  Pain- 
fulness. 

rav'-ish-ment.    Delight.    Excitation,  Pleasure-Pain. 

raw.  Not  cooked;  inexperienced;  sensitive.  Col- 
or-Achromatism, Heat-Cold,  Materials,  Nov- 
elty-Antiquity, Preparation-Non  preparation, 
Sensuality-Suffering,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  raw 
head  and  bloody  bones,  Sanguinen ess-Timidity; 
raw  levies,  Belligerent;  raw  material,  Materials, 
Preparation-Non  preparation. 

raw'-boned".     Bony.      Breadth-Narrowness. 

raw'-ness.  Crudeness.  Preparation  -  Nonprepara- 
tion. 

ray.  Line  of  light.  Light-Darkness;  ray  of  comfort, 
Contentedness-Discontentment. 

raze.  To  destroy.  Creation-Destruction;  raze  to 
the  ground,  Elevation-Depression. 

ra'-zor.  Cutting  instrument.  Sharpness-Bluntness; 
cut  blocks  with  a  razor,  Provision-Waste,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness, Use-Misuse;  keen  as  a  razor,  Emotion, 
Sharpness-Bluntness. 

raz'-zi-a.  Foray.  Attack-Defense,  Creation-De- 
struction, Theft. 

re"-ab-sorb' .     Absorb  again.     Admission-Expulsion. 

reach.  To  attain  to;  to  get;  expanse.  Arrival-De- 
parture,   COMPLETION-NONCOMPLETION,    EQUALITY- 

Inequality,  Mediocrity,  Quantity-Measure,  Re- 
moteness-Nearness, River-Wind,  Taking-Resti- 
tution, Transfer,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  reach  of 


thought,  Sagacity-Incapacity;    reach  the  ear, 
lightenment-Secrecy,  Hearing-Deafness;   reach 
to,     Length-Shortness,     Remoteness-Nearness: 
within  reach,  Difficulty-Facility,  Possibility-Im- 
possibility, Remoteness-Nearness. 

re-act'.  To  recoil;  act  opposite.  Cooperation  Oppo- 
sition, Impetus-Reaction. 

re-ac'-tion.  Backward  movement.  Compensation, 
Cooperation  -  Opposition,  Impetus  -  Reaction, 
Renovation-Relapse,  Reprisal-Resistance. 

re-ac'-tion-a-ry.  Pertaining  to  a  reaction.  Advance- 
Retrogression,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Conversion- 
Reversion,  Cooperation-Opposition,  Impetus-, 
Reaction.  1 

re-ac'-tion-ist.  Conservative.  Antagonist-Assist- 
ant, Impetus-Reaction. 

read.  To  interpret;  to  study.  Education-Learning, 
Interpretation-Misinterpretation;  read  a  lec- 
ture, Approval  -  Disapproval,  Education  -  Mis- 
teaching;  well  read,  Knowledge-Ignorance. 

read'-a-ble.     Easy  to  read.     Purity-Crudeness. 

read'-er.  One  who  reads;  book.  Instructor-Pupil, 
Ministry-Laity,  Writing-Printing. 

read'-er-ship.     The  office  of  reader.     School. 

read'-i-ly.     Promptly.     Difficulty-Facility. 

read'-i-ness.  State  of  being  prepared.  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation,  Purity-Crudeness,  Readiness- 
Reluctance,  Remembrance  -  Forgetfulness, 
Skill-Unskilfulness. 


READINESS— RELUCTANCE. 


Alacrity.     A  cheerful  readiness  or  promptitude  to  do  some  act. 

Animus  [L.fl.  Spirit,  temper,  especially,  hostile  spirit  or  angry 
temper. 

Aptitude,  etc.  Readiness  in  learning;  a  natural  or  acquired  dispo- 
sition.    See  Skill. 

Assent.     The  giving  of  consent,  approval,  or  sanction.     See  Assent. 

Bent,  etc.  Disposition  toward  something;  inclination.  See  Affec- 
tions. 

Compliance.     A  yielding  to  or  acting  in  accordance  with  a  wish. 

Cordiality.     Hearty  warmth  of  heart,  genial  sincerity. 

Disposition.     Temper  or  natural  constitution  of  the  mind. 

Docibleness.     Teachableness;  aptness  to  be  taught. 

Docility.     Readiness  to  learn;  tractableness. 

Eagerness,  etc.  Ardor  of  inclination;  ardent  desire  for  anything. 
See  Desire. 

Earnestness.  Zeal  in  the  pursuit  of  anything;  intenseness  of  de. 
sire. 

Forwardness.     The  quality  of  being  ready  and  prompt. 

Frame  of  mind.     Temper;  inclination,  disposition. 

Geniality.     Sympathetic  cheerfulness  or  cordiality. 

Good-will.     A  desire  for  the  prosperity  and  well-being  of  others. 

Heart.     Disi»osition  of  mind;  courage;  spirit. 

Humor,  Turn  of  mind;  disposition,  or  rather  peculiarity  of  dispo- 
sition, often  temporary. 

Inclination.     Bias  of  mind  or  will,  propensity. 

Labor  of  love.  A  work  done  with  willingness  and  pleasure.  See 
Volition. 

Leaning.     Tendency  of  the  mind;  bias. 

Mood.     A  temporary  state  of  the  mind;  disposition. 

Penchant,  etc.  [F  1  Strong  inclination  ;  decided  taste;  liking.  See 
Desire. 

Persuasibility.  Capability  of  being  influenced  by  argument,  advice. 
or  entreaty. 

Persuasibleness.     The  quality  of  being  persuasive. 

Pliability,  etc.  The  quality  of  yielding  to  moral  force  or  influence. 
See  Hardness-Softness. 

Readiness.  Freedom  from  reluctance;  promptitude;  being  in  a 
state  of  preparation. 

Vein.  Tendency  or  turn  of  the  mind;  particular  mood  for  the  time 
being. 

Voluntariness,  etc.  The  state  of  being  produced  by  the  free  will  or 
choice. 

Volunteer.     One  who  enters  into  any  service  of  his  own  free  will. 

Volunteering.     Act  of  undertaking  of  his  own  free  will. 

Willingness.  Readiness  of  the  mind  to  do  or  to  refrain  from 
doing. 

Willing  mind.     A  mind  ready  to  do. 


Aversation.     A  turning  from  with  disgust  or  dislike,  aversion. 

Averseness,  etc.  Repugnance  or  opposition  of  mind,  unwillingness. 
See  Desire-Distaste. 

Backwardness,  etc.  Dilatoriness  or  dulness  in  action;  tardiness. 
See  Adjectives. 

Demure.     Suspension  of  decision  or  action. 

Disinclination.     Want  of  inclination,  slight  dislike  or  aversion. 

Dissent.     Refusal  of  assent  or  agreement.     See  Assent-Dissent. 

Fastidiousness,  etc.  State  of  being  hard  to  please;  squeamishness 
of  mind.     See  Desire-Particularness. 

Hesitation,.etc.  Suspension  of  opinion  or  action.  See  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation. 

Indifference,  etc.  Absence  of  interest  as  to  what  is  presented  to  the 
mind,  unconcernedness.     See  Unconcern. 

n  ispose   ness.     gtate  Qf  being  indisposed;  disinclination;  aversion 
Indisposition.     > 
Indocility,     etc.     State    of     being  indocile ;     untcachableness.     Se« 

Bigotry. 
Nolition.      Opposed  to  volition — the  power  of  willing. 
Nolleity.     Unwillingness;  nolition. 


Qualm. 


I 


Moral  scruple. 


Qualms  of  conscience. ) 

Recoil.     A  shrinking  from. 

Refusal.     Denial  of  what  is  asked.     See  Proffer-Refusal. 

Reluctance.  State  of  striving  against  doing  something;  state  of 
acting  with  repugnance. 

Renitence.     Moral  resistance. 

Scruple.     Hesitation  proceeding  from  motives  of  conscience. 

Scrupulosity.      )  Caution  or  tenderness   arising  from   fear  of  doing 

Scrupulousness.  I       wrong  or  offending. 

Shrinking.     A  drawing  back  from. 

Slowness,  etc.  Want  of  readiness  or  promptness.  See  Swiftness- 
Slowness. 

Unwillingness,  etc.  Want  of  inclination;  slight  dislike  or  aversion. 
See  Adjectives. 

Want  of  alacrity.     A  conspicuous  absence  of  cheerful  readiness. 

Want  of  readiness.     Lack  of  promptness  or  willingness. 

Reluctance — Verbs. 

Avoid,  etc.  To  keep  at  a  distance  from;  shun.  See  Quest-Eva- 
sion. 

Begrudge.     To  give  with  reluctance;  feel  discontent. 

Be  unwilling,  etc.     To  be  disinclined;  be  reluctant.      See  Adjectives. 

Demur.     To  linger;  doubt  of  or  hesitate  about. 

Dislike,  etc.  To  regard  with  displeasure  or  aversion;  disapprove. 
See  Desire-Distastb. 

Dissent,  etc.     To  differ  in  opinion;  disagree.     See  Assent-Dissbnt. 


READINESS. 


858 


READINESS— RELUCTANCE. 


READINESS— RELUCTANCE. 


Readiness — Verbs, 


Be  willing;,  etc.     To  be  ready;  be  inclined  to  do  anything.     See  Ad- 
jectives 

Catch  at     To  be  eager  to  get  or  to  use. 

Cling  to.     To  apply  firmly  and  closely. 

Comply  with,  etc.     To  consent;  acquiesce;  agree.     See  Consent. 

Desire,  etc.     To  wish  or  long  for ;  request;  petition.     See  Desire. 

Give  a  willing  ear.     To  give  attention  to;  listen. 

Gorge  the  hook.     To  swallow  with  greediness;  glut;  satiate. 

Had  as  lief.     Would  gladly;  would  willingly. 
lave  a  great  mind  to. ) 

Have  a  mind  to.  >  To  be  inclined  to;  disposed  to. 

Have  half  a  mind  to.  J 

Have  no  scruple  of.     To  experience  no   doubt   or  hesitancy  about 
doing  a  thing. 

Hold  to.     To  cling  or  cleave  to;  adhere. 

Incline.     To  be  disposed;  have  a  propensity. 

Jump  at.     To  accept  suddenly  or  eagerly. 

Lean  to.     To  incline  in  opinion  or  desire;  conform  in  conduct. 

Lend  a  willing  ear.     To  give  earnest  attention. 

Lend  a  willing  hand.     To  give  assistance;  help. 

Make  no  bones  of.     To  make  no  scruple  of;  not  to  hesitate. 

Make  no  scruple  of.     Not  to  hesitate  from  conscientious  motives, 
not  to  question . 

Meet  half-way.     To  yield  half  the  difference  in  order  to  effect  a  com- 
promise. 

Mind.     To  regard  with  attention;  consider. 

Nibble  at  the  bait.     To  bite  gently;  make  a  petty  attack. 

Propend.     To  lean  toward  a  thing;  be  favorably  disposed. 

See  fit.     To  be  inclined. 

See  good.     To  consider  expedient. 

See  proper.     To  consider  proper  or  appropriate. 

Set  abroach.     To  set  running,  as  liquor. 

Swallow  the  bait.     To  receive  implicitly;  accept  without  examina- 
tion. 

Think  fit.     To  deem  suitable. 

Think  good.     To  approve. 

Think  proper.     To  consider  advisable  or  becoming. 

Turn  a  willing  ear.     To  be  open  to  conviction;  be  ready  to  listen  to. 

Volunteer.     To  offer  voluntarily,  without  solicitation  or  compulsion. 

Readiness — Adjectives. 

Bent  upon,  etc.     Strongly  inclined  toward  something.     See  Desire. 

Content,  etc.     Not  disposed  to  grumble;  satisfied;  contented.     See 
Assent. 

Cordial.     Proceeding  from  the  heart;  sincere;  affectionate. 

Disposed.     Inclined;  minded. 

Docile.     Disposed  to  be  taught;  easily  managed. 

Eager.     Ardently  desirous;  impetuous;  vehement. 

Earnest.     Done  with  a  will;  zealous  with  sincerity. 

Easily  persuaded.     Readily  convinced;  easily  prevailed  upon. 

Easy-going.     Mild-tempered;  ease-loving. 

Facile.     Ready;  quick;  expert. 

Fain.     Well-pleased;  glad;  eager. 

Favorable.     Tending  to  promote  or  facilitate;  friendly. 

Favorably  disposed.  "| 

Favorably  inclined.  >  Favorable  to. 

Favorably  minded.    ) 

Forward.     Ready;  prompt;  presumptuous. 

Genial.     Cheering;  enlivening. 

Gracious       Disposed  to  show  kindness  or  favor;  merciful. 

Gratuitous.     Free;  taken  without  ground  or  proof . 

Hearty.     Willing;  energetic;  warm;  cordial. 

Inclined.     Having  a  tendency  toward,  or  away  from,  a  thing;  dis- 
posed. 

In  the  humor.     In  a  pleased  state  of  mind. 

In  the  mind.     In  good  spirits. 

In  the  mood.     In  a  pleasant  frame  of  mind. 

In  the  vein.     In  a  favorable  disposition. 

Minded.      Disposed,  inclined. 

Nothing  loth.     Willing;  not  reluctant;  not  backward. 
1  Persuadable.     That  may  be  convinced. 

Persuasible.     Persuadable;  that    may    be    influenced     Dy    reasons 
offered. 

Predisposed.     Inclined  beforehand;  adapted  previously. 

Prepense.     Leaning  forward,  in  a  moral  sense;  prone. 

Ready.     Prepared;  willing;  not  reluctant. 

Spontaneous.     Done  without  compulsion;  voluntary. 

Suasible.     Easily  persuaded. 

Tractable,    etc.     Capable    of    being    easily    managed;  docile.     Se« 
Hardness -Soptness. 


RELUCTANCE— Verbs— Continued. 

Grudge.     To  give  or  take  unwillingly;  complain. 

Hang  fire.     To  hesitate;  hold  back,  as  if  in  suspense 

Hesitate,  etc.  To  stop  or  pause  respecting  decision  or  action,  doubt. 
See  Determination-Vacillation. 

Nill.     To  be  unwilling;  refuse. 

Not  be  able  to  find  it  in  one's  heart.     Not  to  be  willing  or  disposed. 

Not  have  the  stomach  to.     To  be  unwilling  to  brook  or  resent 

Oppose,  etc.  To  resist  or  antagonize;  strive  against.  See  Antago- 
nism. 

Recoil.     To  draw  back;  shrink;  withdraw  oneself. 

Refuse,  etc.  To  decline  to  do  or  grant;  not  to  comply.  See  Prop- 
per-Repusal. 

Run  rusty.     To  become  stubborn  or  rebellious. 

Scruple.  To  be  reluctant  on  account  of  considerations  of  con- 
science; hesitate  at. 

Shrink.     To  withdraw  or  retire;  decline  action. 

Stick  at.     To  scruple;  hesitate. 

Stickle.     To  contend;  wrangle;  take  part  with  one  side  or  other. 

Swerve.     To  wander;  stray;  deviate,  as  from  duty. 

Reluctance — Adjectives. 
Adverse,  etc.     Acting  against  or  in  a  contrary  direction;  opposed. 

See  Antagonism. 
Averse.     Having  a  repugnance  or  opposition  of  mind ;  disinclined. 
Backward.     Unwilling;  hesitating;  slow. 
Demurring,  etc.     Suspending  judgment  on  account  of  a  doubt  or 

difficulty.     See  Verbs. 
Disinclined.     Unwilling    unfavorable. 
Indifferent,  etc.     Having  no  inclination  or  interest;  apathetic.     See 

Unconcern. 
Indisposed.     Rendered  averse  or  unfavorable;  disinclined. 
Involuntary,  etc.     Not  proceeding  from  choice;  done  unwillingly. 

See  Volition-Obligation. 
Laggard.     Slow;  sluggish;  backward. 
Loth.     Filled  with  disgust  or  aversion ;  unwilling. 
Not  content.     Disposed  to  repine  or  grumble;  dissatisfied. 
Not  in  the  vein.     Indisposed ;  not  in  good  humor. 
Reluctant.     Striving  against;  disinclined;  unwilling. 
Remiss.     Not  attending  to  duty  or  engagements;  slow;-  dilatory. 
Repugnant,  etc.     Characterized  by  opposition;  distasteful  to  a  high 

degree.     See  Desire-Distaste. 

j.      .„  '  r  Unwilling  to  stir;  impatient  under  restraint;  stubborn. 

Scrupulous.     Hesitating  to   determine   or  to   act,   from   a  fear  of 

offending. 
Shy  of.     Disinclined  to  familiar  approach;  cautious. 
Slack.     Not  earnest  or  eager;  backward;  remiss. 
Slow  to.     Not  precipitate  or  hasty;  deliberate;  forbearing. 
Squeamish,    etc.      Overnice;  easily     disgusted.     Sec     Desire-Par- 

TICULARNESS. 

Unconsenting,     etc.     Not     Concurring;  disagreeing;  refusing.     Se* 

Proffer-Refusal. 
Unwilling.     Not  willing;  disinclined;  reluctant. 

Reluctance — Adverbs,  etc. 
A  contra  caur  [F.J.     Against  the  grain;  reluctantly. 
Against  one's  will.     Grudgingly. 

Against  one's  wishes.     Contrary  to  one's  plans  or  desirei. 
Against  the  grain.     Reluctantly. 
Far  be  it  from  me.     Very  unwillingly. 
Grudgingly.     With  reluctance  or  discontent. 
In  spite  of  oneself.     In  defiance  of  opposition. 
In  spite  of  one's  self.     In  opposition  to  every  effort. 
Invito,  Minerva  [L.].     Against  the  will  of  Minerva;  against  on*1| 

inclination  •,  inspiration  failing. 
Longe  absit  [L.J.     Far  be  it. 
Malgre"  soi  [F.J.     In  spite  of  oneself. 

No,  etc.     A  word  of  denial  or  refusal.     See  Assertion-Denial. 
Nolens  volens,  etc.  [L.]     Whether  he  will  or  not.     See  Volitioh* 

Obligation. 
Not  for  the  world .     Not  for  any  consideration . 

Perforce,  etc.     By  force;  of  necessity;  at  any  rate.     See  Coercion. 
Sore  against  one's  will.      \ 

Sore  against  one's  wishes .  >  Very  reluctantly  or  grudgingly. 
Sore  against  the  grain.       ) 
Under  protest.     Without  agreement. 
Unwillingly,  etc.     In  an  unwilling  or  disinclined  or  reluctant  manner 

See  Adjectives. 
With  a  bad  grace.     In  a  forced  or  reluctant  manner. 
With  an  ill  grace.     In  a  perfunctory  manner;  ungraciously. 
With  a  heavy  heart.     In  a  depressed  manner;  reluctantly. 


READINESS. 


859 


REAVE. 


READINESS — Adjectives — Continued. 


Unasked,  etc. 
Unforced,  etc. 


Unsolicited;  not  sought  by  entreaty.     See  Petition'. 
Not  constrained ;  not  impelled.      Sec  Libertv. 


Voluntary.     Acting  from  choice;  done  without  compulsion. 
Willing.     Inclined  to  anything;  ready;  consenting. 


Readiness — Adverbs,  etc. 


A  la  bonne  heure  [F.].     With  all  my  heart ;  at  the  right  time. 

As  lief.     As  soon  as  not. 

Avec  plaisir  [F.].     With  pleasure. 

By  all  manner  of  means.  1  „  _.  .   .  ...       .  ,  .. 

u'     ., „  (  Certainly;  without  fail. 

By  all  means.  J 

Con  amore  [It.].     With  love;  earnestly. 

De  bonne  volonle  [F.].     Willingly. 

Ex  animo  [L.J.     Heartily;  sincerely. 

Fain.     With  joy;  gladly. 

Freely.     Without  compulsion. 

Graciously.     Mercifully;  favorably. 

Heart  and  soul.     With  utmost  earnestness. 

Heart  in  hand.     Warm  and  affectionate  greeting. 

read'-ing.  Recital;  study;  interpretation.  Educa- 
tion-Learning, Interpretation-Misinterpreta- 
tion, Knowledge-Ignorance,  Universality-Par- 
ticularity; reading  in,  Church. 

read'-ing-desk".  Place  for  resting  a  book  while  read- 
ing.    Fane,  School. 

re"-ad-just'.  To  settle  again.  Equality-Inequality, 
Harmony-Discord. 

re"-ad-just'-ment.  The  act  of  readjusting.  Equal- 
ity-Inequality. 

re'-ad-mit'  .    To  admit  again.    Admission-Expulsion. 

read'-y.  Prompt;  prepared;  skilful.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Expectation-Surprise,  Money,  Prepara- 
tion -  Nonpreparation,  Readiness-  Reluctance, 
Skill-Unskilfulness,  TJsefulness-Uselessness  ; 
get  ready,  Preparation-Nonpreparation;  make 
ready,  Preparation-Nonpreparation;  ready  made, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation  ;  ready  memory,  Re- 
membrance-Forgetfulness;  ready  money,  Money, 
Settlement-Default;  ready  pen,  Style;  ready  to 
burst  forth,  Excitability-Inexcitability;  ready  to 
sink,  Excitation;    ready  wit,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

re"-af-firm'.     To  assert  again.     Assertion-Denial. 

re-a'-gent.     That  which  reacts.     Trial. 

re'-al.  Actual.  Entity- Nonentity,  Nature -Art, 
Number,  Truth-Error;  real  estate,  Ocean-Land, 
Property;  real  property,  Property;  real  security, 
Security. 

re'-al-ism.     A  doctrine  of  philosophy.     Truth-Error. 

re"-al-is'-tic.     True  to  fact.     Truth-Error. 

re-al'-i-ty.  Actual  fact  or  existence.  Entity-Nonen- 
tity, Nature-Art,  Truth-Error. 

re'-al-ize.  To  perceive;  to  make  real;  to  obtain.  Buy- 
ing-Sale,  Completion-Noncompletion,  Discov- 
ery, Faith-Misgiving,  Fancy,  Gain-Loss,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Mind-Imbecility,  Universality- 
Particularity. 

re'-al-ly.     Actually.     Astonishment-Expectance. 

realm.  Region;  empire.  Extension-District,  Hu- 
manity, Property,  Rule-License. 

re'-al-ty.     Real  estate.     Property. 

ream.  480  sheets  of  paper.  Measure,  Missive-Pub- 
lication. 

ream'-er.  Tool  for  making  holes.  Perforator- 
Stopper. 

re-an'-i-mate .  Revive.  Life-Death,  Renewal,  Reno- 
vation-Relapse. 

re-an"-i-ma'-tion.  Revival.  Renewal,  Renovation- 
Relapse. 

reap.  To  harvest;  to  get  as  the  result  of  something. 
Domestication- Agriculture,  Length-Shortness, 
Taking-Restitution;  reap  and  carry,  Gain-Loss; 
reap  the  benefit  of,  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Success-Failure,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  reap 
the  fruits,  Gain- Loss,  Recompense-Punition,  Suc- 
cess-Failure; reap  the  whirlwind,  Cause-Effect, 


Nothing  loth.     Satisfied. 

Of  one's  own  accord.     Willingly;  voluntarily. 

To  one's  heart's  content.     As  long  as  one  desires. 

Willingly,  etc.     In  a  willing  manner;  cheerfully.     See  Adjectives. 

With  all  one's  heart.     Very  earnestly;  devotedly. 

With  good  grace.     Readily. 

With  good  will.     Willingly. 

With  open  arms.     In  a  very  hospitable  manner;  affectionately. 

Without  reluctance.     With  free  will;  willingly. 

With  pleasure.     Gladly. 

With  right  good  will.     Contentedly. 

Yes.     An  expression  of  affirmation  or  consent.     See  Assent. 


Success-Failure;  reap  where   one   has   not  sown, 
Right-Wrong. 
re"-ap-pear'.    To  appear  ar;ain.     Recurrence,  Reno- 
vation-Relapse, Visibility-Invisibility. 
re"-ap-pear'-ance.      A    second    appearance.      Recur- 
rence, Renewal. 
re"-ap-pear'-ing.     Appearing  again.     Renewal. 
rear.     To  construct;  to  bring  up.     Anteriority-Pos- 
teriority,    Beginning-End,     Creation-Destruc- 
tion,   Education  -  Misteaching,    Elevawon  -  De- 
pression, Erectness-Flatness,  Predecessor-Con- 
tinuation; in  the  rear,  Anteriority-Posteriority, 
Leading-Following;  rear  its  head,  Manifestation- 
Latency;  rear  one's  head,  Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness;  rear  rank,  Anteriority-Posteriority. 

rear'-ad"-mi-ral.    Navy  officer.    Chief-Underling. 

rear'-ward.    Coming  last.  Anteriority-Posteriority. 

rea'-son.  Cause;  proof;  mind.  Cause-Effect,  Mind- 
Imbecility,  Motive-Caprice,  Ratiocination-In- 
stinct, Sagacity-Incapacity;  by  reason  of,  Motive- 
Caprice;  feast  of  reason,  Conversation -Mono- 
logue; in  reason,  Right -Wrong,  Turbulence- 
Calmness;  listen  to  reason,  Sagacity-Incapacity; 
reason  in  a  circle,  Ratiocination-Instinct;  reason 
why,  Cause-Effect,  Motive-Caprice,  Rationale- 
Luck;  stand  to  reason,  Certainty-Doubt,  Mani- 
festation-Latency, Proof-Disproof;  what's  the 
reason,  Investigation-Answer;  without  rime  or 
reason,  Motive-Caprice. 

rea'-son-a-ble.  Sensible;  cheap.  Costliness-Cheap- 
ness, Likelihood-Unlikelihood,  Right-Wrong, 
Sagacity-Incapacity,  Saneness-Lunacy,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness; reasonable  prospect,  Likelihood- 
Unlikelihood. 

rea'-son-a-ble-ness.  Rationality.  Sagacity-Incapac- 
ity. 

rea'-son-er.  One  who  reasons.  Ratiocination-In- 
stinct. 

rea'-son-ing.    Argument.    Ratiocination-Instinct. 

rea'-son-loss.  Without  reason.  Sagacity-Incapacity, 
Saneness-Lunacy. 

rea'-sons.     Motives.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

re"-as-sem'-ble.  To  meet  again.  Gathering-Scat- 
tering, f 

re"-as-sert' .    To  assert  again.    Assertion-Denial. 

re"-as-sur'-ance .  Renewed  assurance.  Sanguineness- 
Hopelessness. 

re"-as-sure'.  Encourage.  Bravery-Cowardice,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness. 

re"-as-sured'.  With  renewed  courage.  Bravery- 
Cowardice. 

re"-as-sur'-ing.  Encouraging.  Sanguineness-Kope- 
lessness. 

reast'-y.  Rancid.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Perfume- 
Stench. 

reave.    Rob.    Taking-Restitution. 


REBATE. 


860 


RECKLESSNESS— CAUTION. 


re-bate'.  Allow  a  reduction.  Price-Discount,  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness. 

re-bate'-ment.     Discount.     Price-Discount. 

re'-bec.     Violin.     Musical  Instruments. 

re-bel'.  Disobey.  Insubordination-Obedience,  Pa- 
triotism-Treason. 

reb'-el.  One  who  disobeys.  Insubordination-Obedi- 
ence, Patriotism-Treason. 

re-bel'-lion.  Insurrection.  Insubordination-Obedi- 
bnce. 

re-bel'-low.    To  echo  loudly.    Cry-Ululation. 

re"-bc-a'-tion.    Reverberating  sound.  Cry-Ululation. 

re-bound'.  Bounding  back.  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Impetus-Reaction. 

rebours,  b.  [F.]  (re-bur',  a).  On  the  rebound.  Advance- 
Retrogression,  Conversion-Reversion,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility. 

re-buff'.  To  reject.  Approval-Disapproval,  Im- 
petus-Reaction, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Prof- 
fer-Refusal, Reprisal- Resistance,  Success- 
Failure. 

re-build'.    Build  anew.    Renovation-Relapse. 

re-buke'.    To  reprove.    Approval-Disapproval. 

re'-bus.    Puzzle.    Tidings-Mystery. 

rebus, inmediis  [L.]  (ri'-bus,  in  mi'-di-is).  In  the  midst 
of  affairs.     Activity-Indolence. 

re-but'.  To  refute.  Assertion-Denial,  Evidence- 
Counterevidence,  Investigation-Answer,  Proof- 
Disproof. 

re-but'-ter.  One  who  rebuts.  Investigation-Answer, 
Litigation. 

re-cal'-ci-trant.  Rebellious.  Impetus-Reaction,  In- 
subordination-Obedience, Reprisal-Resistance. 

re-cal'-ci-trate.  To  rebel.  Impetus-Reaction,  Re- 
prisal-Resistance. 

re-cal"-ci-tra'-tion.  Opposition.  Impetus-Reaction, 
Reprisal-Resistance. 

re-call'.  To  recollect;  to  call  back.  Bigotry- Apos- 
tasy, Commission-Abrogation,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness;  recall  to  life,  Renovation-Relapse. 

re-cant'.  To  retract.  Assent-Dissent,  Assertion- 
Denial,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Commission-Abroga- 
tion, Repentance-Obduracy. 

re"-can-ta'-tion.  Retraction.  Assent-Dissent,  Bigo- 
try-Apostasy, Commission-Abrogation,  Repent- 
ance-Obduracy. 

re"-ca-pit'-u-late.  To  sum  up.  Account,  Digest, 
Numbering,  Recurrence. 

re"-ca-pit"-u-la'-tion.  A  summing  up.  Digest,  Num- 
bering, Recurrence. 

re-cap'-per.  A  tool  for  fixing  percussion-caps  in  car- 
tridges.    Instrument. 

re-cast'.  To  form  anew.  Design,  Mutation-Perma- 
nence,  Revolution. 

re-cede'.  To  move  back.  Advance-Retrogression, 
Approach-Withdrawal;  recede  into  the  shade, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

re-ce'-ding.  To  withdraw.  Advance-Retrogression, 
Approach-Withdrawal. 

re-ceipt'.  Recipe;  acknowledgment  of  having  received 
something.  Design,  Outlay-Income,  Precept, 
Remedy-Bane,  Security,  Settlement-Default; 
receipt  in  full,  Settlement-Default. 

re-ceive'.  To  get;  to  admit;  to  welcome.  Admission- 
Exclusion,  Admission-Expulsion,  Assent-Dis- 
sent, Faith-Misgiving,  Gain-Loss,  Giving-Re- 
ceiving,  Outlay-Income,  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness, Sociability-Privacy,  Taking-Restitution; 
receive  Christ,  Godliness-Ungodliness. 


re-ceived'.  Accepted.  Giving-Receiving,  Habit- 
Desuetude,  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Outlay-In- 
come; received  maxim,  Adage-Nonsense. 

re-ceiv'-er.  Receptacle;  one  who  receives.  Contents- 
Receiver,  Treasurer;  receiver  of  stolen  goods, 
Robber,  Taking-Restitution. 

re-ceiv'-ing.  Accepting.  Giving-Receiving,  Outlay- 
Income. 

re'-cen-cy.     Newness.     Novelty-Antiquity. 

re-cen'-sion.     Critical  revision.     Numbering. 

re'-cent.  Modern.  Future-Past,  Novelty  Antiq- 
uity. 

re-cep'-ta-cle.    Receiving  vessel.    Contents-Receiver. 

re-cep'-tion.  Admission;  welcome.  Account,  Admis- 
sion-Exclusion, Admission-Expulsion,  Arrival- 
Departure,  Conversation-Monologue,  Giving- 
Receiving,  Sociability-Privacy,  Taking-Resti- 
tution; warm  reception,  Sociability-Privacy. 

re-cep'-tion-room".  Room  for  callers.  Contents- 
Receiver. 

re-cess'.  Alcove;  vacation.  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Angularity,  Contents-Receiver,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace,  Sociability-Privacy,  Toil-Relaxa- 
tion. 

re-cess'-es.  Niches.  Outside-Inside;  secret  recesses 
of  one's  heart,  Affections. 

re-ces'-sion.  Withdrawal.  Advance-Retrogression, 
Approach-Withdrawal,  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion. 

rechaufjt  [F  ]  (re"-sho-fe') .  A  literary  rehash.  Copy- 
Model,  Heating-Cooling,  Nutriment-Excretion, 
Recurrence,  Renovation-Relapse. 

recherche  [F.]  (re-sher"-she') .  Sought  for.  Goodness- 
Badness,  SoCrETY-LuDICROUSNESS. 

re-cid'-i-vate.    To  backslide.    Renovation-Relapse. 

re-cid"-i-va'-tion.  Backsliding.  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Renovation-Relapse. 

re-cid'-i-vous.  Liable  to  backslide.  Advance-Retro- 
gression. 

rec'-i-pe.    Formula.    Precept,  Remedy-Bane. 

re-cip-i-ent.  One  who  receives.  Contents-Receivi:r, 
Giving-Receiving. 

re-cip'-ro-cal.  Mutual.  Commutation-Permutation, 
Interdependence,  Number. 

re-cip'-ro-cal-ly.     Mutually.     Interdependence. 

re-cip'-ro-cal-ness.    Mutuality.    Interdependence. 

re-cip'-ro-cate.  Interchange.  Commutation-Permu- 
tation, Dweller-Habitation,  Interspace,  Re- 
prisal-Resistance, Variance-Accord. 

re-cip"-ro-ca'-tion.  Mutual  interchange.  Interde- 
pendence, Mutability-Stability,  Reprisal-Re- 
sistance. 

rec"-i-proc'-i-ty.  Mutual  interchange.  Interdepend- 
ence. 

re-ci'-sion.  Act  of  cutting  off.  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion. 

re-cit'-al.    Spirited  description.    Account. 

rec"-i-ta'-tion.  A  rehearsal.  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness. 

rec"-i-ta-tive'.  Speech  uttered  n  musical  tones. 
Music 

recitativo  [It.]  (re"-chi-ta-ti'-vo) .      Recitative.     Music 

re-cite'.  To  tell.  Account,  Numbering,  Speech-In- 
articulateness. 

reck.    To  heed.    Carefulness-Carelessness. 

reck'-less.  Heedless.  Carefulness-Carelessness, 
Recklessness-Caution. 

reck'-less-ness.  Rashness.  Recklessness-Caution, 
Unconcern. 


RECKLESSNESS— CAUTION. 


Audacity.     The  condition  of  being  unrestrained  by  law  or  decency, 
boldness  or  daring. 


Calculation.     A  careful  estimation  of  probable  results. 
Cautel.     A  precautionary  measure  or  proceeding. 


RECKLESSNESS. 


861 


RECKLESSNESS— CAUTION. 


RECKLESSNESS—  CAUTION— Continued. 


Blind  bargain.     A  bargain  on  which  chances  are  taker.. 

Carelessness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  neglectful  of  either 

danger  or  duty- 
Daring.     Heroic  courage  carried  to  the  extreme. 

Desperation.     Blind  and  rash  fury. 

Fire-eating.     Restlessness;   daring. 

Foolhardihood.  1  The  quality  of  being  bold  without  consideration  or 

Foolhardiness.  /      judgment. 

Fool's  paradise.     A  place  of  happiness  founded  on  vain  hopes. 

Gambling.     Risking  of  money  on  the  chance  of  an  event  occurring. 

Gaming.     Gambling. 

Hastiness.     Rash  eagerness. 

Heedlessness.     Carelessness;  thoughtlessness. 

Impetuosity.     Rashness. 

Imprudence.     Lack  of  prudence  or  discretion. 

Incautiousness.     Want  of  caution. 

Indiscretion.     The  state  or  quality  of  lacking  wise  judgment. 

Knight-errantry,     Chivalry. 

Levity.     Want  of  earnestness. 

Overconfidence.  Belief,  usually  in  oneself,  beyond  the  warrant  of 
reason ;  too  great  reliance  or  trust. 

Precipitancy.     Inconsiderate  haste. 

Precipitation.     Headlong  or  rash  haste  or  hurry. 

Presumption.  Extreme  confidence  or  self-assertion;  too  great  con- 
fidence in  the  uncertain. 

Quixotism.  Chivalry  gone  mad,  like  Don  Quixote  [CervantesJ  who 
fights  wind-mills,  thinking  them  to  be  giant  oppressors  of  the 
people. 

Rashness,  Inconsiderate  promptness;  too  great  readiness  to  decide 
or  act. 

Temerity.     An  unreasonable  contempt  of  danger. 

Thoughtlessness.     Lack  of  care  and  consideration. 

Want  of  caution.     Want  of  careful  consideration. 

Recklessness — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Adventurer.  One  who  seeks  his  fortune  in  new  or  hazardous  enter* 
prises. 

Bravo  [It].     A  daring  villain. 

Bully.     A  noisy  fellow  who  is  more  insolent  than  courageous. 

Daredevil.     A  reckless  fellow. 

Desperado  [Sp.J.     A  reckless,  furious  man. 

Don  Quixote.  The  hero  of  Cervantes'  Don  Quixote,  written  to  ridi- 
cule knight-errantry. 

Enfant  perdu  [F.J     The  lost  child  of  an  army;  the  forlorn  hope. 

Fire-eater.     An  excitable  person  always  ready  to  fight. 

Gambler.     One  who  engages  in  games  of  chance. 

Gamester.     One  accustomed  to  play  for  a  stake. 

Hector.  A  blustering,  insolent  fellow  in  English  plays,  different  from 
the  Hector  of  the  Iliad. 

Hotspur.     A  fiery-tempered  man.      [Shakespeare,  Henry  IV. } 

Icarus.     A  mythic  person  who  attempted  to  fly;   a  reckless  person. 

Knight  errant.  A  wandering  knight  of  the  Middle  Ages,  who  rode  in 
search  of  adventures. 

Madcap.     One  given  to  wild  follies. 

Rashling.     A  rash  person. 

Scapegrace.     A  reckless,  unprincipled  person. 

Recklessness — Verbs. 

Be  rash,  etc.     To  hurry  into  action  without  caution.    See  Adjtctives. 

Buy  a  pig  in  a  poke.  To  buy  something  concealed,  as  a  pig  in  a 
bag,  until  the  price  is  paid. 

Garry  too  much  sail.     To  be  reckless  or  incautious. 

Catch  at  straws.     To  depend  upon  a  slight  chance  or  hope. 

Count  one's  chickens  before  they  are  hatched.  To  base  one's  hopes 
or  plans  upon  something  that  has  not  yet  happened  and  may  not 
happen. 

Dormer  tete  baissie  [F.J  To  go  with  head  down,  to  rush  headlong 
into  anything. 

,Go  on  a  forlorn  hope.     To  be  led  by  a  very  slight  hope  of  success. 

Go  out  of  one's  depth.     To  attempt  what  is  beyond  one,s  power. 

Kick  against  the  pricks.  To  oppose  that  which  cannot  be  over- 
come. 

Knock  one's  head  against  the  wall.     To  be  unskilful  or  stupid. 

Lean  on  a  broken  reed.     To  have  no  basis  for  one's  plans  or  actions. 

Play  at  a  desperate  game.  To  attempt  to  overcome  what  is  hope- 
lessly against  one. 

Play  with  edged  tools.     To  use  means  with  which  one  is  unfamiliar. 

Play  with  fire.      To  use  means  of  which  one  knows  not  the  power. 

Reckon  without  one's  host.  To  neglect  important  facts  in  reaching 
a  conclusion,  as  in  reckoning  up  your  bill  at  a  hotel. 

Ride  at  single  anchor.      To  stake  everything  on  a  single  hope  or  event. 

Run  into  danger.     To  be  careless  or  reckless. 

Rush  on  destruction.     To  rush  into  danger. 


Caution.     Great  care  exercised  in  the  midst  of  dangers. 
Cautiousness.     The  quality  of  exercising  caution. 
Circumspection.     Great  care  and  consideration. 
Coolness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  cool.     See  Adjectives 
Deliberation.     Slow  and  careful  consideration  in  regard  to  ai_y  act-  <rt 

or  measure. 
Discretion.     Careful  and  correct  judgment  in  regard  to  any  action. 
Foresight.     The  capacity  or  power  of  foreseeing. 
Heed.     Careful  attention. 

Presence  of  mind.  A  cool  and  self-possessed  state  of  mind. 
Prudence.  The  quality  of  being  prudent.  See  Adjectives. 
Self-command.     The  state  or  quality  of  having  all  the  feelinj     and 

powers  at  perfect  command. 
Self-possession.     The  quality  of  being    self-possessed.     See       djec- 

tives. 
Vigilance.     Alertness  in  guarding  against  danger. 
Warning.     Caution  against  danger  and  error. 
Worldly  wisdom.     Prudence;  a  careful  knowledge  of  the  practical 

affairs  of  life. 

Caution — Denotations. 
Cunctator.     A  name  given  to  Quintus  Fabius  Maximus  because  he 

practised  the  policy  of  delay  against  Hannibal. 
Delayer.     Another  name  given  to  Quintus  Fabius  Maximus  because 

of  his  dilatory  tactics. 
Fabian  policy.     The  delaying  policy  of  Fabius. 
Sangfroid  [F  1     Cool  blood;  presence  of  mind. 
Well-regulated  mind.     A  mind  carefully  balanced;  not  easily  er.cited. 

Caution — Verbs. 
Be  cautious,  etc.     To  act  with  caution.     See  Caution. 
Be  early.     Be  prepared  for  whatever  may  come 
Be  on  one's  guard.     To  be  vigilant. 
Be  on  the  safe  side.     To  be  secure  from  risk  or  danger. 
Bespeak.     To  make  preparation  against  the  future. 
Bridle  one's  tongue.     To  speak  or  assert  oneself  with  caution-  ■ 
Caution.     To  advise  against  the  future. 
Count  the  cost.     To  have  regard  to  consequences. 
Cut  one's  coat  according  to  one's  cloth.     To  regulate  one's  action  by 

one's  circumstances. 
Feel  one's  ground.     To  make  careful  preparation  before  proceeding 

with  any  measure. 
Feel  one's  way.     To  advance  with  cautious  steps. 
Foresee.     To  know  results  beforehand. 
Gardez  [F.J.     Take  care. 
Gardez  bien  [F.].     Take  good  care. 
Have  a  care.     Be  careful. 

Husband  one's  resources.   To  make  ready  for  some  future  emergency. 
Keep  at  a  respectful  distance.     To  keep  in  a  place  of  safety. 
Keep  on  the  safe  side.     To  avoid  risks  and  chances. 
Keep  out  of  harm's  way.     To  avoid  danger. 
Keep  out  of  troubled  waters.     To  keep  out  of  danger. 
Keep  watch.     Be  vigilant. 
Let  well,  or  well  enough,  alone.     To  refrain  from  trying  to  do  better 

what  is  already  good  enough. 
Look  before  one  leaps.     To  take  proper  regard  for  the  consequences 

before  any  act  or  assertion. 
Look  on  the  main  chance.     To  work  in  the  direction  which  seems 

most  probable  to  yield  success. 
Make  assurance  doubly  sure.     To  secure  oneself  against  all  risks. 
Mind.     To  regard  with  care  and  concern. 
Mind  what  one  is  about.     To  act  with  care  and  consideration. 
Prepare.     Make  ready  for  the  future. 

Reculer  pour  mieux  sauter  [F.\     To  go  back  for  a  better  leap. 
See  how  the  land  lies.     To  examine  beforehand. 
Stand  aloof.     To  decline  to  do  until  better  acquainted  with 
Take  care.  \ 

Take  good  care.  >To  be  careful. 
Take  heed.         ) 

Think  twice.     To  consider  one  s  course  of  action. 
Wait  to  see  the  cat  jump.     To  await  the  turn  of  events  before  acting 
Caution — Adjectives. 

Careful.     Acting  with  care. 

Cautelous.     Wary;  crafty. 

Cautious.     Acting  with  caution.     See  Nouns. 

Cavendo  tutus  [L.].     Safe  by  taking  heed. 

Chary.     Reluctant  or  cautious,  as  in  giving  a  pledge. 

Circumspect.     Acting  with  circumspection.     See  Nouns 

Cool.     Not  excited. 

Discreet.     Having  good  judgment;   prudent. 

Guarded.     Acting  with  care  and  caution. 

Heedful.     Giving  heed.     See  Nouns. 

In  medio  tuttssimus  [L.J.     Safety  lies  in  the  middle  course. 


RECKLESSNESS. 


862 


RECOIL. 


RECKLESSNESS— CAUTION— Continued. 


RECKLESSNESS— Verbs — Continued. 

Sail  too  near  the  wind.  To  sail  windward  at  a  comparatively  small 
angle  with  the  wind;  hence,  to  come  near  the  limit,  as  of  a  danger- 
line. 

Stick  at  nothing.     To  hesitate  or  scruple  at  nothing. 

Take  a  leap  in  the  dark.  To  be  reckless.  "  I  am  just  going  to  leap 
into  the  dark."  [Rabelais  at  death.] 

Tempt  Providence.     To  attempt  an  impossible  feat. 

Trust  to  a  broken  reed.     To  depend  upon  useless  expedients. 

Recklessness — Adjectives. 

Adventurous.     Delighting  in  adventures  or  risks. 

Breakneck.     Extremely  hazardous. 

Careless.     Neglectful  of  danger  or  duty. 

Cavalier.  Of  or  pertaining  to  the  Cavaliers  under  Charles  II.;  high- 
spirited;  gallant ;  horseman. 

Desperate.  Rendered  reckless  or  heroic  by  extremity  of  circum- 
stances. 

Devil-may-care.     Careless;  reckless. 

Fire-eating.     Having  the  spirit  of  a  fire-eater. 

Foolhardy.     Unreasonably  daring  or  bold. 

Free-and-easy.  Showing  little  regard  for  customs  or  convention- 
alities. 

Giddy.     Marked  by  foolish  recklessness ;  frivolous. 

Harebrained.     Wild  and  foolish  like  the  hare. 

Headlong.     Acting  with  haste  and  rashness. 

Headstrong.     Stubbornly  self-willed. 

Heedless.     Without  care  or  attention. 

Heels  over  head.     In  a  tumbled  or  overturned  condition. 

Hot-blooded.     Quick-tempered;  irritable. 

Hot-brained.     Violent;   rash. 

Hot-headed.     Easily  angered. 

Icarian.     Like  Icarus;   reckless.     He  flew  over  the  tea  and  fellin. 

Improvident.     Prodigal;   lacking  in  foresight. 

Imprudent.     Unadvised;   wanting  in  a  due  regard  for  consequences. 

Impulsive.     Easily  aroused;  acting  on  the  spur  of  the  moment. 

Incautious.     Acting  without  caution.     See  Nouns. 

Indiscreet.     Injudicious;   lacking  good  judgment. 

Jaunty.     Sprightly,   putting  on  airs  of  careless  ease. 

Madcap.     Full  of  wild  follies. 

Off  one's  guard.     Unprepared;   not  on  the  watch. 

Overconfident.     Too  self-reliant. 

Overweening.     Extremely  self-confident ;   arrogant. 

Precipitate.     Overhasty;   acting  with  too  great  eagerness. 

Quixotic.     Acting  like  Don  Quixote.     See  Nouns. 

Rash.  Characteristic  of  one  who  acts  with  too  great  haste  and  too 
little  regard  for  consequences. 

Reckless.     Entirely  disregarding  consequences. 

Temerarious.     Acting  with  temerity. 

Uncalculating.  Without  properly  estimating  what  the  chances  are 
or  the  consequences  will  be. 

Venturesome.     Inclined  to  take  risks. 

Venturous.     Daring;   bold 

Wanton,     Extravagant;   lacking  reason  and  consideration. 

Wild.     Profligate;  highly  excited,  as  with  passion. 

Without  ballast.     Without  any  steadying  influence;  inconstant. 


CAUTION — Adjectives — Continued. 

On  one's  guard.     Prepared;  ready. 

Overcautious.     Acting  with  too  great  care  and  consideration. 

Politic.     Crafty;   acting  with  prudence  rather  than  principle. 

Prudent.     Careful  for  the  future;  possessed  of  foresight. 

Shy  of.     Wary;   backward. 

Skilful.     With  careful  and  well-trained  powers. 

Steady.     Cool;  not  impulsive. 

Stealthy.     Acting  with  wariness  and  great  secrecy. 

Sure-footed.     To  be  depended  upon;   not  given  to  making  mistakes. 

Unadventurous.     Not  wont  to  take  risks  or  ventures. 

Unenterprising.     Lacking  boldness  and  energy. 

Wary.      Always  guarding  against  deceptions  and  dangers,  even  to. 

timidity. 
Watchful.     Full  of  care  and  vigilance. 

Caution — Adverbs. 

Cautiously,   etc.     Acting   with   great   care   and   guardedness.     See 

Adjectives. 
Edgingly.     Cautiously. 


Have  a  care ! 


Caution — Interjection. 


Caution — Phrases. 


Ante  vicioriam  ne  canas  triumphum  [L.[  Do  not  chant  your  tri- 
umph before  you  conquer. 

Festina  lente  [L.].     Hasten  slowly.     [Augustus  Caesar's  saying.] 

77  rit  bien  qui  rit  le  dernier  [F.].     He  laughs  best  who  laughs  last. 

Le  silence  du  peuple  est  la  lecon  des  rois  [F.].  The  silence  of  the- 
people  is  the  lesson  of  kings. 

Na  pas  reveiller  le  chat  qui  dort  [F.].  One  must  not  arouse  the  sleep- 
ing cat. 

Ni  bebas  aqua  que  no  veas  [Sp.J.     Look  at  the  water  before  you  drink. 

Noli  irritare  leones  [L.J.     Avoid  irritating  the  lions. 

Ttmeo  Danaos  [L.J.     I  fear  the  Greeks.      [Virgil,  JEneid,  \\,  49.] 


RECKLESSNESS—  Continued. 

Recklessness — Adverbs,  etc. 

A  corps  perdu  [F.].     Headlong;   at  breakneck  speed. 
Hand  over  head.     Negligently;    rashly;    without  seeing  what  one- 
does. 
Happen  what  may.     Taking  the  chances. 
Head  foremost.     Precipitately,  as  in  diving. 
Post  haste.     With  the  speed  of  the  post;  rapidly. 
Tete  baissie  [F.J.     With  head  down;  headlong. 

•Recklessness — Phrases. 

Neck  or  nothing.     With  the  risk  of  everything. 

The  devil  being  in  one.     Possessed  of  some  spirit,  as  it  were  of  the- 

devil,  which  urges  one  on  headlong  into  some  hasty  action  or 

danger. 
Too  many  eggs  in  one  basket. 


reck'-on.  To  count.  Numbering;  reckon  among,  Ad- 
mission-Exclusion; reckon  one's  chickens  before 
they  are  hatched,  Sanguineness  -  Hopelessness; 
reckon  upon,  Faith-Misgiving  ;  reckon  with,  Settle- 
ment-Default ;  reckon  without  one's  host,  Bravery- 
Cowardice,  Recklessness-Caution,  Skill  -  Un- 
skilfulness,  Success-Failure,  Truth-Error. 

reck'-on-ing.  Account.  Accounts,  Expectation- 
Surprise,  Mensuration,  Numbering,  Recom- 
pense-Punition;  day  of  reckoning,  Pardon-Vin- 
dictiveness. 

re-claim'.  To  claim  back.  Atonement,  Dueness-Un- 
dueness,  Order,  Renovation-Relapse,  Repent- 
ance-Obduracy. 

re-claimed'.     Reformed.     Repentance-Obduracy 

rec"-la-ma'-tion.  A  reclaiming.  Atonement,  Order, 
Renovation-Relapse. 

rec"-H-na'-tion.    Recumbency.    Erectness-Flatness. 

re-cline'.  To  lean;  to  repose.  Elevation-Depression, 
Erectness-Flatness,  Toil-Relaxation  ;  recline  on, 
Suspension-Support. 


re-cluse'.     Hermit.    Sociability-Privacy, 

re-clu'-sion.     Seclusion.     Sociability-Privacy. 

rec"-og-ni'-tion.  Notice;  acknowledgment.  Assent- 
Dissent,  Knowledge  -  Ignorance,  Politeness- 
Impoliteness,  Remembrance  -  Forgetfulnesst. 
Thankfulness-Thanklessness;  means  of  recogni- 
tion,  Sign. 

rec'-og-ni"-za-ble.  Easily  recognized.  Clearness- 
Obscurity,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

re-cog'-ni-zance.    Avowal.    Security. 

rec'-og-nize.  To  notice;  to  acknowledge.  Assent* 
Dissent,  Discovery,  Heed-Disregard,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Leave-Prohibition,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness,  Sight-Blindness. 

rec'-og-nized.  Admitted.  Dominance  -  Impotence* 
Habit-Desuetude,  Knowledge-Ignorance;  recog- 
nized maxim,  Adage-Nonsense. 

re-coir.  Whirl  backward.  Approach-Withdrawal, 
Conversion-Reversion,  Cooperation-Opposition, 
Impetus-Reaction,  Quest-Evasion,  Readiness* 
Reluctance;  from  which  reason  recoils,  Possibil- 


RECOIL. 


863 


RECOMPENSE— PUNITION. 


ity-Impossibility  ;  recoil  at,  Love-Hate  ;  recoil  from, 

Desire-Distaste. 
re-coil'-ing.     Reaction.     Impetus-Reaction. 
rec"-ol-lect'.     To  remember.     Remembrance-Forget- 

FULNESS. 

rec"-ol-lec'-tion.      Memory.      Remembrance-Forget- 

FULNESS. 

re"-com-mence'.     To  commence  again.      Beginning- 
End. 


rec"-om-mend'.  To  give  a  favorable  report  of.  Ad- 
vice, Approval-Disapproval;  recommend  itself, 
Approval-Disapproval. 

rec"-om-men-da'-tion.  Favorable  representation.  Ad- 
vice. 

rec"-om-mend'-a-tory.     Favorable.     Advice. 

rec'-om-pense.  Reward.  Recompense  -  Punition  , 
Right-Wrong. 


RECOMPENSE— PUNITION. 


Acknowledgment.     The  act  of  acknowledging;  avowal;  recognition. 

Allowance.     A  portion  or  amount  granted  for  some  purpose. 

Amends.     Reparation;  satisfaction;  compensation. 

Atonement.  Any  satisfaction,  amends,  reparation,  or  expiation 
made  for  wrong  or  injury 

Batta.     Extra  pay,  especially  to  an  English  officer  in  India. 

Blackmail.     Reward  extorted  by  threats  or  intimidation. 

Bribe.     A  gift,  or  advantage  given  to  influence  one's  conduct. 

Carcelage.     Prison  fees. 

Compensation.     Whatever  makes  good  for  loss  or  lack. 

Consideration.     Allowance  made  for  anything;  regard. 

Crown.     A  reward  for  meritorious  service.     See  Giving. 

Douceur  [F  J     A  gift  for  service  done  or  to  be  done. 

Emolument.  The  remuneration  connected  with  any  office,  occupa- 
tion, or  service 

Fee.     A  payment  for  services  done  or  to  be  done. 

Guerdon-     A  reward  or  recompense. 

Hire.     The  compensation  of  labor  and  services. 

Honorarium.     A  reward  to  a  professional  man. 

Hush-money,,     A  bribe  to  secure  silence. 

Indemnification.  |  That  which  is  paid  or  given  as  compensation  or  re- 
Indemnity.  )       imbursement  for  a  loss. 

Meed.     That  which  is  awarded  on  account  of  desert. 

Pay.     Money  paid  for  service. 

Payment.     That  which  is  given  as  a  recompense. 

Perquisite.     Any  privilege  or  benefit  claimed  as  due. 

Premium.  Something  offered  as  a  recompense  in  recognition  of  an 
excellent  performance  or  production. 

Quid  pro  quo  [L.].     One  thing  for  another,  an  equivalent. 

Quittance.     Recompense;  return. 

Reckoning.  An  adjustment  of  reward  or  penalty  on  the  basis  of 
merit. 

Recompense.  An  equivalent  received  or  returned  for  anything  given, 
done,  or  suffered. 

Redress.     Satisfaction  made;  reparation. 

Reguerdon.     A  reward. 

Remuneration.     Compensation;  recompense  made. 

Reparation.     Satisfaction;  indemnity. 

Requital.     Adequate  recompense  for  good  or  evil. 

Retribution.     That  which  is  done  or  given  in  requital. 

Return.     Restitution,  requital. 

Reward.  That  which  is  given  in  return  for  good  or  evil  done  or  re- 
ceived. 

Salary.     A  periodical  allowance  made  to  a  person  for  his  services. 

Salvage.  The  compensation  allowed  for  saving,  or  helping  a  vessel  in 
distress. 

Scot.     Money  given  or  paid  as  a  contribution. 

Shot.     A  share  of  a  reckoning  or  charge. 

Smart  money  Money  paid  for  a  release  from  an  engagement  or  from 
a  painful  situation. 

Solatum  [L.].      Compensation;  solace. 

Sop.     Anything  given  to  pacify. 

Stipend.     A  definite  amount  paid  at  stated  periods  for  services. 

Vail.     Money  given  to  servants  as  a  gratuity.     See  Giving. 

Wages.     The  remuneration  of  hired  labor. 

Recompense — Verbs. 
Acknowledge.     To  give  recognition  to. 
Atone.     To  make  recompense  for. 
Compensate.     To  make  amends  or  recompense. 
Fee.     To  reward  for  services;  to  recompense. 
Get  for  one's  pains.     To  receive  recompense  for  trouble. 
Indemnify.     To  make  compensation  or  recompense  for. 
Make  amends.     To  render  recompense. 
Muneiate.     To  remunerate. 

Pay  one's  footing.     To  pay  one's  bill.     See  Settlement. 
Reap  the  fruits  of.     To  receive  recompense  for. 

Recompense.     To  render  an  equivalent  to  for  service  or  loss;  to  com- 
pensate. 
Remunerate.     To  reward  for  service  done. 
Repay.     To  pay  back. 
Requite  •     In  a  good  sense,  to  recompense. 


Argumentum  baculinum  [L.J.     Club  law. 

Auto  da  ]i  [Port.}.  An  act  of  faith;  the  name  given  in  Spain  ana 
Portugal  to  the  burning  of  the  Jews  and  heretics. 

Banishment.     Expulsion  from  one  s  country. 

Bastinado.  An  Oriental  punishment,  by  beating  with  a  stick  on  the 
soles  of  the  feet. 

Beating.     Punishment  by  blows. 

Blow.     A  sudden  or  violent  stroke  administered.     See  Impetus. 

Box  on  the  ear.     A  slap  on  the  ear. 

Buffet.     A  blow  with  the  hand. 

Capital  punishment.     Punishment  inflicting  death. 

Castigation.     Corrective  punishment. 

Chastening.     Act  of  disciplining  by  pain. 

Chastisement.     Pain  inflicted  for  punishment  and  correction. 

Correction.     The  act  of  reproving  or  punishing. 

Coup  de  grace  [F  J.     A  death-blow. 

Crucifixion.     The  act  of  putting  to  death  by  nailing  on  a  cross. 

Cuff      A  slap. 

Decapitation,     The  act  of  putting  to  death  by  beheading. 

Decollation.     The  act  of  beheading. 

Discipline.  Punishment  inflicted  by  way  of  correction  and  train- 
ing 


The  persecution  of  the  French  Protestants  under 


Douse.     A  blow. 
Dragonade  [iA]. 

Louis  XIV. 
Estrapade  [F.l     Strappado. 
Execution.     The  infliction  of  capital  punishment  in  accordance  with 

a  decree  of  a  court. 
Exile.     Banishment  from  one's  home  or  native  land. 
Expulsion.     The  act  of  expelling. 
Flagellation.     A  whipping. 

Fustigation.     Punishment  by  beating  with  a  stick  or  club.  • 

Gantlet.     A  military  punishment,  wherein  the  offender  was  made  to 

run  between  two  lines  of  soldiers  who  struck  him  as  he  passed. 
Garrote.     A  Spanish  mode  of  execution  by  strangulation 
Garotto  [Sp.].     Hanging. 

Hanging.     Death  on  the  gallows.     See  Verbs, 
Happy  despatch.     A  quick  death. 
Hara-kiri    [Jap.  J.    Suicide  by  slashing  the  stomach,  commanded  by 

tho  Japanese  government  in  the  case  of  disgraced  officials. 
Hard  labor.    Punishment  by  which  the  offender  is  compelled  to  labor 

during  imprisonment. 
Impalement.     Putting  to  death  by  thrusting  through  with  or  fixing 

upon  a  pale. 
Imprisonment.     Restraint  of  liberty.     See  Release-Restraint. 
Infliction.     That  which  is  inflicted,  as  pain  or  punishment. 
Involuntary  exile.      Banishment 
Judgment.    The  sentence  of  a  court  in  a  civil  or  criminal  proceeding 

wherein  the  punishment  is  decreed. 
Kick.     A  blow  with  the  foot. 
Martyrdom.     Submission  to  death  or  persecution  for  the  sake  of  faith 

or  principle. 
Nemesis.     The  Greek  divinity  of  chastisement  and  punishment. 
Noyade  [F.J     Execution  by  drowning;    practised  on  political  pris- 
oners during  the  Reign  of  Terror. 
Ostracism.     Banishment  by  a  popular  vote  with  oyster  shells. 
Penal  servitude.     Servitude  as  a  punishment  for  crime. 
Penalty.     The  consequences,  as  punishment  and  suffering,   which 

follow  transgression.     See  Recompense-Penalty. 
Penology.     The  science  which  treats  of  the  punishment  and  preven 

tion  of  crime. 
Picket.       \  Punishment  by  compelling  to  stand  with  one  foot  on  a 
Picketing,  i       pointed  stake. 

Pummel.     A  beating,  as  with  the  pommel  of  a  sword. 
Punishment.     Pain  or  any  other  penalty  inflicted  on  a  person  as  a 

consequence  of  wrong-doing. 
Punition.      Punishment. 

Rack.     Torture  or  punishment,  as  by  the  rack. 
Rap  on  the  knuckles.     A  blow  with  a  stick  on  the  knuckles. 
Requital.     Retribution;  punishment.     See  Recompense. 


Slap. 

Slap  in  the  face 


|  A  blow  with  the  open  hand. 


RECOMPENSE. 


864 


RECOMPENSE— PUN1TION. 


RECOMPENSE— PUNITION—Coh/i«««/. 


RECOMPENSE— Verbs— Continued. 

Reward.     To  give  in  return,  whether  good  or  evil. 
Satisfy.     To  give  what  is  due  to ;  to  make  full  recompense. 

Recom  pense — A  djectives. 
Compensatory.     Making  amends. 
Munerary.     Having  the  nature  of  a  gift. 
Remunerative.     Affording  remuneration.     See  Nouns. 
Remuneratory.     Rewarding. 
Reparatory.     Tending  to  repair. 
Retributive.     Involving  retribution  or  recompense. 

Recompense — Phrases. 
Fidelt  certa  tnerces  [L.].     To  the  faithful  one  sure  reward. 
Honor  virtutis  pramium  [L.].   Honor  is  the  reward  of  virtue.   [Cicero, 

Brutus,  8 1.] 
Tibi  seris,  tibi  metis  [L.J     For  yourself  you  sow,  for  yourself  you 

reap. 


PUNITION— Verbs— Continued  from  Column  2. 

Give  a  lesson  to.     To  teach  by  punishment. 

Give  it  one.     To  give  a  beating. 

Give  the  stick.     To  beat  with  a  stick. 

Guillotine.     To  behead  with  the  guillotine. 

Hang.     To  execute  on  the  gallows. 

Hang,  draw,  and  quarter.  To  hang,  disembowel,  and  cut  in  quarters: 

a  former  mode  of  punishment  in  Great  Britain. 
Have  a  rod  in  pickle  for.     To  be  ready  to  give  a  beating  to. 
Horse-whip.     To  beat  with  a  horse-whip. 
Impale.     To  empale. 

Inflict  punishment.     To  chastise;  to  administer  correction. 
Keelhaul.     To  haul  a  man  through  the  water  under  a  vessel's  keel;  a 

punishment  formerly  in  various  navies. 
Lace.     To  mark  with  stripes  or  wales ;  lash. 
Lace  one's  jacket.     To  punish  by  lashing. 
Lapidate.     To  punish  or  execute  by  stoning. 
Larrup.     To  beat;  thrash. 
Lash.     To  punish  with  the  lash. 
Lay  about  one.     To  deal  blows  on  all  sides. 
Lay  on.     To  inflict,  as  punishment. 

Leather.     To  flog  or  beat  with  or  as  with  a  leather  thong. 
Lick.     To  whip  in  a  fight 
Lynch.     To  punish  for  imputed  crime  by  lynch-law,  usually  by 

death. 
Hake  an  example  of.     To  make  an  illustration  of  punishment  to  serve 

as  a  warning. 
Hake  short  work  of.     To  put  an  end  to  at  once. 
Masthead.       To  send  to  the  head  or  top  of  a  mast  to  remain  for  a  time 

as  a  punishment. 
Ostracize.      To  exile  by  ostracism ;  to  banish  by  popular  vote. 
Pay         I 
Pay  "out  )  To  retort  or  revenge  upon;  to  requite;  punish. 

Pelt.     To  strike  with  missiles. 

Picket.     To  punish  by  torturing  with  pickets.     See  Nouns. 

Pitch  into.     To  attack;  to  assault. 

Post.     To  hold  up  to  public  blame. 

Pummel.     To  beat  soundly. 

Punish.     To  afflict  with  pain,  loss,  or  suffering  for  a  crime  or  fault. 

Put  on.     To  attach  the  blame  to. 

Put  onto  the  rack.     To  torture  by  putting  on  the  rack. 

Rib-roast.     To  beat  soundly;  cudgel. 

Rub  down  with  an  oaken  towel.     To  beat  with  an  oaken  stick. 

Rusticate.  To  punish  a  student  by  compelling  him  to  leave  the  insti- 
tution for  a  while  and  go  into  the  country. 

Scourge.     To  beat  with  a  scourge  or  whip. 

Serve  one  right.  To  treat  or  cause  to  befall  one  according  to  his  de- 
serts 

Serve  eut.     To  distribute  one's  deserts. 

Shoot.     To  discharge  a  missile. 

Slap.     To  strike  with  the  open  hand  or  something  broad. 

Slap  the  face.     To  strike  the  face  with  the  open  hand. 

Smack.     To  make  a  sharp  noise  by  striking;  as  with  the  lips. 

Smite.     To  destroy  the  life  of  by  beating. 

Spank.     To  strike,  as  the  breech,  with  the  open  hand. 

Stone.     To  pelt,  beat,  or  kill  with  stones. 

Strap.     To  beat  with  a  strap. 

Strike.     To  hit;  to  give  blows.     See  Impetus. 

Strike  off  the  roll.  To  erase  or  cancel  one's  name  from  membership  as 
punishment  for  some  act  of  omission  or  commission. 

Suffer.     To  endure  pain. 

Suffer  for.  \  _ 

Suffer  punishment  for.)  To  under8°  punishment  for  the  sake  of. 


Strappado,  A  former  military  punishment  in  which  the  offender  was 
drawn  up  at  the  end  of  a  rope  and  allowed  to  fall  suddenly  till  he 
was  stopped  with  a  jerk  near  the  ground. 

Stripe.     A  blow  with  a  whip. 

Torture.     Infliction  of  extreme  physical  pain. 

Transportation.     The  sending  away  of  a  convict  to  a  remote  place 
as  a  means  of  punishment. 

Wipe.     A  sweeping  blow. 

Punition — Nouns  of  Instrument. 
Galleys.     Vessels  propelled  by  oars  manned  by  convicts.     See  Rec- 
ompense-Scourge. 
Lash.     The  thong  of  a  whip. 

Scaffold.  A  stage  for  the  execution  of  a  criminal.  See  Recompense- 
Scourge. 

Punition — Verbs. 

Administer  correction.     To  punish  as  a  means  of  discipline.     See 

Nouns. 
Administer  the  lash.     To  whio.     See  Nouns. 
Bang.     To  punish  by  beating. 
Banish.     To  punish  by  exile. 
Baste.     To  beat  with  a  stick. 
Bastinado  [Sp.].     To  beat  with  a  stick  on  the  soles  of  the  feet.     See 

Nouns. 
Beat.     To  punish  by  blows. 

Beat  black  and  blue.     To  cause  bruises  by  beating. 
Beat  to  a  jelly.     To  crush  by  beating  into  a  shapeless  mass. 
Beat  to  a  mummy.     To  beat  soundly  or  until  senseless. 
Be  flogged.     To  be  beaten  with  a  whip  or  the  like. 
Be  hanged.     To  be  executed  on  the  gallows. 
Behead.     To  execute  by  cutting  off  the  head  of. 
Belabor.     To  beat  soundly. 

Be  rightly  served.     To  be  justly  punished.  « 

Birch.     To  whip  with  a  birch  stick. 
Bowstring.     To  strangle  with  the  bowstring. 
Box  the  ears.     To  cuff  or  buffet  over  the  ears. 
Break  on  the  wheel.     To  punish  by  tying  to  a  wheel  and  breaking  tha 

limbs  with  a  bar. 
Bring  to  the  block.     To  cause  to  be  beheaded. 
Bring  to  the  gallows.     To  cause  to  be  hanged. 
Buffet.     To  beat  about  with  repeated  blows. 
Burn.     To  execute  by  fire. 
Cane.     To  strike  or  beat  with  a  cane. 
Castigate.     To  punish  with  or  as  with  the  rod. 

Chastise.   I  To  discipline  by  physical  pain ;  subject  to  punitive  meas- 
Chastisen.  I       ures. 
Cob.     To  beat  or  knock  on  the  buttocks,  as  with  the  knee  or  with  a 

board  or  strap. 
Comb.     To  rake  as  with  a  comb. 

Come  to  the  gallows.     To  come  to  execution  by  hanging. 
Correct.     To  punish  in  order  to  moral  amendment,  or  to  the  removal 

of  a  fault. 
Crucify.     To  put  to  death  by  fastening  to  a  cross. 
Cuff.      To  strike  in  any  way;  to  buffet. 
Dance  upon  nothing.     Figurative,  for  to  be  hanged. 
Deal  a  blow  to.     To  strike  at. 

Deal  retributive  justice.     To  deal  deserved  punishment. 
Decapitate.     To  behead. 

Decimate.     To  kill  one  out  of  every  ten  persons. 
Decollate.     To  behead. 
Die  in  one's  shoes.     To  die  a  violent  death. 

Disbar.     To  deprive  of  the  right  to  appear  at  court  as  attorney. 
Disbench.     To  deprive  of  the  privilege  of  a  bencher. 
Dismiss.     To  put  out  of  office  or  service  by  an  act  of  authority. 
Do  for.     To  kill,  or  to  injure  fatally. 
Dress.     To  punish  or  defeat  thoroughly. 
Drub.     To  beat,  usually  with  a  stick. 

Drum  out.       To  expel,  as  from  a  camp  or  regiment,  usually  to  the  ac- 
companiment of  a  drum-beat. 
Dust  one's  jacket.     To  smite;  beat. 

Empale.     To  punish  by  thrusting  a  pale  or  sharp  stick  through. 
Execute.     To  put  to  death,  especially  in  accordance  with  legal  serw 

tence. 
Exile.     To  punish  by  banishment  from  one's  home  or  native  land. 
Expel.     To  punish  by  ejection  or  driving  out. 
Flagellate.     To  beat  with  a  rod;  whip. 
Flay.     To  strip  off  the  skin  from. 
Flog.     To  punish  by  striking  with  a  whip  or  the  like. 
Fustigate.     To  beat  with  a  stick. 

Gibbet.     To  hang  and  expose  on  a  gibbet;  to  execute  by  hanging. 
Give  a  black  eye.     To  hit  and  bruise  the  eye. 
Give  a  dressing.     To  beat  soundly. 

{Continued  on  Column  1.) 


RECOMPENSE. 


865 


RECOMPENSE— SCOURGE. 


PUNITION—  Verbs— Continued. 


Swinge.     To  beat  soundly;  to  whip;  to  chastise. 
Switch.     To  strike  with  a  small  flexible  rod ;  to  whip. 
Tar  and  feather.    To  smear  with  tar  and  cover  with  feathers  as  a  de- 
grading punishment. 

Thresh  J i  To  beat  soundly;  drub. 

Thump.     To  strike  or  beat  with  something  heavy. 

Thwack.     To  bang;  thump. 

Torture.     To  punish  by  inflicting  pain  and  agony. 

Towel.     To  beat  with  a  stick. 

Transport,     To  punish  by  carrying  into  banishment. 


Trim.     To  rebuke;  beat. 

Trounce.     To  punish  or  beat  severely. 

Tund.     To  thump,  to  hammer. 

Turn  off.     To  dismiss  contemptuously. 

Unfrock.     To  deprive  of  priestly  privileges. 

Visit  upon.     To  inflict. 

Warm.     To  furnish  heat  by  beating;  beat. 

Whallup.     To  flog;  to  whip. 

Whip.     To  punish  with  a  whip,  scourge,  or  rod. 

Whop.     To  beat  or  strike. 

Wipe.     To  hit  or  beat. 


Castigatory.     Punitive  in  order  to  amendment. 
Inflictive.     Causing  the  infliction  of  punishment 


Punition — Adjectives. 

Punishinc-  1  Having  punishment  inflicted.     See  Verbs. 
Penal.     Of  or  pertaining  to  punishment,  penalties,  or  to  crimes  and        Punitive.  1  ™      ..  .  . 

offenses.  Punitory./  Tend'n8  to  Punishment. 

P  o  n  i  t  i  o  n —  In  terjecfton . 

A  la  lantern*    [P.].     To  the  lamp,  to  hang:  a  cry  of  the  mob  in  Paris 

Punition — Phrases. 

Culpam  poena  premit  comes  [L.J     Punishment  presses  close  upon        Gravis  ira  regum  est  semper  [L.J     Heavyis  ever  the  Ire  of  kings, 
crime.    [Horace,  Odes,  iv,  v,  24.  J  [Seneca,  Medea,  494.] 


RECOMPENSE— PENALTY. 


Penalty. 


Amercement.  A  pecuniary  penalty  inflicted  on  an  offender  at  the 
discretion  of  the  court. 

Confiscation,  Forfeiting  of  private  property  to  the  public  use  for 
the  wrong-doing  of  the  owner. 

Damages.  Money  recoverable  as  amends  for  a  wrong  and  injury 
sustained. 

Deodand.  Any  personal  chattels  that  had  been  immediately  instru- 
mental in  causing  the  death  of  a  person,  and  were  therefore  for- 
feited to  the  crown  for  pious  uses. 

Escheat.     Forfeiture  of  property  for  any  default. 

Fine.  Money  paid  as  a  penalty  for  an  offense  against  the  criminal 
law 

Forfeit.     A  thing  lost  to  its  owner  by  way  of  penalty. 

Forfeiture.     A  penalty  for  misconduct,  crime,  or  breach  of  duty. 

Mulct.     A  fine  or  similar  penalty. 

Pain.     Punishment  suffered  or  denounced. 

Peine  forte  et  dure  [L.J     Strong  and  severe  punishment. 

Penalty,     Punishment  for  crime  or  offense. 

Penance.     Pain :   punishment.     See  Atonement. 

Premunire  [L.J.  The  penalty  ascribed  for  the  offense  of  introducing 
foreign  authority  into  England. 


Punition.     Punishment. 

Retribution.     Condign  punishment  for  evil  or  wrong      See  Rbcom- 

pense-Punition. 
Sequestration.     The  setting  aside  of  property  pendinp  a  lawsuit. 
Wergild.     A  fine,  the  payment  for  a  man  killed. 

Penalty — Verbs. 

Amerce.     To  punish  by  a  pecuniary  penalty. 

Confiscate.     To  seize  as  forfeited  to  the  public  treasury 

Escheat.     To  take  possession  of  as  lapsed  or  forfeited. 

Estreat.     To  levy  an  amercement  under  estreat  of  record. 

Fine.  To  lay  a  pecuniary  penalty  upon  because  of  some  breach  of 
the  laws  or  other  offense. 

Forfeit.     To  lose  title  to  as  a  penalty. 

Mulct.  To  sentence  to  a  pecuniary  penalty  or  forfeiture  as  a  punish- 
ment. 

Sconce.  To  fine  mulct,  used  especially  for  light  fines  inflicted  Km 
irregularities  in  the  universities  of  England. 

Sequester.  1  To  seize,  especially  for  the  use  or  disposal  of  the  gov- 
e.J 


Sequestrate., 


eminent;  confiscate. 


RECOMPENSE— SCOURGE. 


Scourge. 
Ax.     The  instrument  used  for  beheading. 
t,.     .  *      .  f  A  bunch  of  twigs  for  whipping. 

Block.  The  wooden  billet  on  which  condemned  prisoners  are  be- 
headed. 

Boot.  A  medieval  instrument  of  torture  in  which  the  foot  and  leg 
were  crushed. 

Bowstring.     A  string  for  strangling  criminals. 

Brank.     A  metal  frame  enclosing  the  head  with  a  gag  for  the  tongue. 

Cane.     A  rod  for  punishment. 

Cat.     A  cat-o' -nine-tails. 

Cat-o*- nine- tails.  An  instrument  of  punishment  by  flogging,  con- 
sisting of  nine  pieces  of  cord,  each  with  three  knots,  attached  to  a 
thick  rope  handle. 

Cowhide.     A  heavy  flexible  leather  whip. 

Crank.  A  paddle-like  wheel  made  to  be  turned  by  hand  in  a  box 
filled  with  gravel:  used  for  punishment. 

Cross.  An  ancient  instrument  of  torture  on  which  criminals  were 
fastened  and  exposed  until  they  died  of  exhaustion. 

Cucking-stool.  A  chair  in  which  persons  were  tied  and  exposed  to 
derision  as  a  punishment. 

Drop.  The  platform  of  a  gallows,  the  fall  of  which  allows  the  con- 
demned murderer  to  drop 

Ducking-stool.  A  stool  in  which  common  scolds  were  formerly  tied 
and  ducked  in  water 

Ferule       A  flat  stick  or  rod  used  for  punishing. 

Grlley.  A  vessel  propelled  by  oars  which  were  usually  manned  by 
cod  victs 

SS   " 


Gallows.  A  framework  of  one  or  two  posts  with  a  cross-beam,  used 
for  the  execution  of  a  criminal  by  hanging. 

Gaol.     A  jail. 

Gibbet.     A  gallows. 

Guillotine.     A  machine  for  beheading  criminals. 

Halter.     A  hangman's  rope. 

House  of  correction.     A  prison.     See  Release-Prison. 

Iron  heel.     Any  instrument  of  punishment. 

Knout.     A  whip  of  leather  thongs,  usually  twisted  with  wire. 

Lash.     A  whip. 

Maiden.  A  kind  of  beheading  machine  used  in  Scotland  in  the  16th 
and  17th  centuries. 

Noose.  A  loop  with  a  running  knot  used  for  hanging  crimi- 
nals. 

Pillory.  A  wooden  framework  in  which  an  offender  is  fastened 
between  boards  by  the  neck  and  wrists. 

Rack.  An  instrument  of  torture,  for  stretching  or  dislocating  the 
joints  of  offenders. 

R^ttannj  A  switch- 

Rod.     A  switch  or  instrument  of  punishment. 

Rod  in  pickle.     See  Recompense-Punition. 

Rope.     The  cord  used  for  hanging  murderers. 

Rope's  end.     The  noose. 

Scaffold.     A  gallows. 

Scourge.     An  instrument  of  punishment. 

Stake.     A  post  to  which  a  person  is  bound  to  be  burned  aHvo, 

Stick.     A  rod  or  whip. 


RECOMPENSE. 


866 


RECORDER. 


R  ECOM  PENSE— SCOU  RGE— Continued. 


Stocks.  An  apparatus  formerly  used  for  punishing  pettv  offenders, 
consisting  of  a  frame  of  heavy  timbers  with  holes  for  the  confine- 
ment of  the  limbs. 

Strap.     A  strip  of  leather  used  in  flogging. 

Switch.     A  whip. 

Thong.     A  long  narrow  strip  of  leather  used  for  a  lash. 

Thumb-screw.  An  instrument  of  torture  for  compressing  the  thumb 
by  means  of  a  screw. 

Treadmill.  A  mechanism  operated  by  the  stepping  or  walking 
motion  of  one  or  more  persons,  used  as  a  hard  labor  punishment. 

Tree.     A  gibbet  or  cross. 

Triangle.  A  triangle  made  of  three  halberds  on  which  offenders  were 
whipped. 

Truncheon.     A  club  or  staff. 

Wheel.     An  instrument  of  torture. 

Whip.     An  instrument  for  administering  punishment. 


Whipping-post.     A  post  to  which  those  sentenced  to  flogging  were 

fastened. 
Wooden-horse.     A  block  or  frame  on  which  soldiers  are  mounted  as 

a  punishment. 

Scourge — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Executioner.  One  who  puts  to  death  in  accordance  with  the  sen- 
tence of  a  court. 

Gaoler.     A  jailer. 

Hangman.  A  public  executioner  who  hangs  criminals  convicted  of 
capital  crimes. 

Headsman.  A  public  executioner  who  beheads  criminals  convicted 
of  capital  crimes. 

Jack  Ketch.     A  public  executioner  or  hangman. 

Jailer.     The  officer  in  charge  of  a  jail. 


rec'-on-ci"-la-ble.     Capable  of  being  reconciled.     Har- 
mony-Discord. 
rec'-on-cile .     To  restore  friendship.     Contentedness- 

DlSCONTENTMENT,       FlGHTING-CoNCILIATION ,       HAR- 

mony-Discord;  reconcile  oneself,  Excitability-Ix- 

EXCITABILITY. 

rec'-on-cile"-ment.  Reconciliation.  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation, Harmony-Discord. 

Tec"-on-cil"-i-a'-tion.  Renewed  harmony.  Content- 
edness-Discontentment,  Fighting-Conciliation, 
Harmony-Discord,  Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

/ec'-on-dite".  Obscure.  Clearness-Obscurity,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy. 

re-con'-nais-sance.  Survey.  Investigation-Answer, 
Sight-Blindness. 

rec"-on-noi'-ter.  To  survey.  Investigation-Answer, 
Sight-Blindness. 

rec"-on-noi'-ter-ing.  Surveying.  Investigation-An- 
swer. 

re"-con-sid'-er.  To  consider  again.  Reflection- 
Vacancy. 

re"-con-sid"-er-a'-tion.  A  thinking  over  again.  Presi- 
dent-Member, Reflection-Vacancy;  on  recon- 
sideration, Betterment-Deterioration. 

re-con'-sti-tute.    To  reform.     Renovation-Relapse. 

re"-con-struct'.  To  build  over.  Renovation-Re- 
lapse. 

re"-con-struc'-tion.  Reestablishment.  Renovation- 
Relapse. 

re"-con-ver'~sion.  A  second  conversion.  Renovation- 
Relapse. 

re"-con-vert' .  To  change  again.  Renovation-Re- 
lapse. 

rec'-ord.  Account.  Evidence-Counterevidence, 
Mark-Obliteration,  Security,  Sign;  court  of 
record,  Tribunal. 

RECORD. 

Account.     A  statement  of  business  dealings. 

Bead-roll.     A  list  or  catalogue. 

Bill.     A  statement  of  particulars. 

Bill  of  costs.     An  account  of  the  costs  in  legal  proceedings. 

Bill  of  fare.     A  list  of  articles  or  dishes  provided  for  a  meal. 

Bill  of  lading.     A  written  acknowledgment  by  a  carrier  of  the  receipt 

of  goods  for  transportation. 
Blue  Book.     A  pamphlet  containing  reports  of  government  officials 
Book.     A  bound  collection  of  printed  or  written  matter. 
Cadaster.     An  official  statement  of  real  estate  for  fixing  taxes. 
Calendar.     A  schedule  or  list  of  things  or  events. 
Carte  [F.J     A  list  or  record. 
Cartulary.     A  register  of  charters. 

Catalogue.     A  list  or  enumeration  of  names,  titles,  persons,  or  things. 
Catalogue  raisonne*  [F.]      A  catalogue  according  to  subjects. 
Census.     An  official  numbering  of  the  people  of  a  country. 
Check-roll.     A  list  by  which  something  may  be  checked  or  verified. 
Checquer-roll.     A  check-roll. 

Contents.     A  list  of  the  subjects  treated  of  in  a  book. 
Diptych.     A  double  catalogue. 


Directory.     An  alphabetical  list  of  the  names  and  addresses  of  the 

inhabitants  of  a  district. 
Domesday  Book.     A  book  containing  the  record  of  the  statistical 

survey  of  England  made  by  William  the  Conqueror. 
File.     A  collection  of  papers  or  documents  arranged  systematically. 
Gazetteer.     A  dictionary  of  geographical  names. 
Index.     An  alphabetical  list  of  matters  discussed  in  a  book. 
Inventory.     A  detailed  account  of  property,  merchandise,  etc. 
Ledger.     The  principal  book  of  accounts  of  a  business  establishment 

in  which  all  the  transactions  of  each  day  are  entered. 
List.     A  roll  or  catalogue. 
Menu.     A  bill  of  fare. 

Muster-book.     A  book  containing  a  muster-roll. 
Muster-roll.     A  return  of  all  troops  accounted  for  at  muster-day. 
Panel.     The  official  list  of  persons  summoned  for  jury  duty. 
Program.     A  list  of  exercises  making  up  an  entertainment,  etc. 
Prospectus.     An  outline  or  plan  of  something  proposed. 
Register.     An  official  written  record  or  account.     See  Mark. 
Returns.     A  formal  report  of  facts. 
Roll.     A  list  or  register. 

Roster.     A  list  of  officers  and  men  enrolled  for  duty. 
Schedule.     An  inventory  or  list. 
Score.     An  account  kept  by  notches. 
Statistics.     A  systematized  collection  of  facts. 
Syllabus.     A  concise  statement. 
Synopsis.     A  brief  outline. 
Table.     A  tabular  statement. 
Tableau  [F.].     Table;  tabular  statement. 
Tally.     Account  kept  by  notches. 
Terrier.     A  land-survey  setting  forth  the  number  of  acres,  tenants, 

etc.,  in  a  given  district. 

Record — Adjective. 
Cadastral.     Pertaining  to  an  official  register  of  lands. 

re-cord'-er.  One  who  records.  Judge,  Mark-Oblit- 
eration, Recorder. 

recorder. 

Amanuensis.  One  who  writes  down  what  another  dictates,  or  copies 
what  another  has  written. 

Annalist.     One  who  writes  annals. 

Antiquary.     One  who  studies  the  past  through  relics,  etc. 

Biographer.  One  who  writes  of  the  life  and  character  of  particular 
persons. 

Bookkeeper.  One  who  keeps  a  systematic  account  of  business  trans- 
actions. 

Chronicler.  One  who  records  events  in  the  order  of  their  occurrence; 
in  general,  any  historian. 

Clerk.     One  who  keeps  the  records;   a  secretary. 

Custos  rotulorum  [L.l  The  principal  justice  of  the  peace  of  an 
English  county,  who  has  charge  of  the  records  of  the  sessions. 

Historian.     One  who  writes  history. 

Historiographer.  A  writer  of  history;  especially,  an  official  his- 
torian. 

Journalist.     One  engaged  in  journalistic  or  newspaper  work. 

Master  of  the  rolls.  An  official  who  keeps  the  record  of  the  English 
courts 

Memorialist.  One  who  writes  or  signs  anything  intended  to  pre- 
serve the  memory  of  a  person  or  event. 

Notary  public.  A  public  officer  who  is  authorized  to  attest  deeds 
and  other  commercial  papers. 

Prothonotary.     A  chief  clerk  of  the  court. 


RECORDER. 


867 


RECURRENCE. 


Recorder.      A  public  officer  charged  with  the  making  and  keeping  of 

public  records. 
Register.     A  registrar. 

Registrar.     One  authorized  to  make  and  preserve  the  records. 
Registrary.     A  registrar. 
Remembrancer.     One  who  or  that  which  preserves  or  stirs  up  the 

memory. 
Scribe.     A  custodian  and  writer  of  the  official  records  of  the  Jewish 

people;  a  clerk. 
Secretary.     One  who  keeps  the  records  and  has  charge  of  the  official 

correspondence  of  an  individual  or  body;  a  clerk. 

re-count'.     To  relate.     Account. 

ie-coup'.     Indemnify.    Taking-Restitution. 

re-course'.     Resort.     Use-Disuse. 

re-cov'-er.  To  regain ;  get  well.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Gaix-Loss,  Health-Sickness,  Renova- 
tion-Relapse, Taking-Restitution. 

rc-cov'-er-y.  Restoration.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Gain-Loss,  Renovation-Relapse,  Taking- 
Restitution;  recovery  of  strength,  Weariness-Re- 
freshment. 

rec'-re-ant.  Apostate.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Good- 
Man-Bad  Man,  .Patriotism-Treason,  Upright- 
ness-Dishonesty, Uprightness-Rogue,  Virtue- 
Vice. 

rec'-re-ate.    To  refresh.    Entertainment-Weariness. 

rec'-re-a-tive.  Tending  to  refresh.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

rec'-re-ment.     Waste.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

re-crim'-i-nate.  To  counter-accuse.  Approval-Dis- 
approval. 

re-crim"-i-na'-tion.  Countercharge.  Justification- 
Charge,  Repentance-Obduracy,  Reprisal-Resist- 
ance. 

re"-cru-des'-cence.  The  state  of  being  raw.  Renova- 
tion-Relapse. 

re-cruit'.  A  new  soldier  or  member;  to  build  up.  An- 
tagonist-Assistant, Belligerent,  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Health-Sickness,  Instructor- 
Pupil,  Obstruction- Help,  Provision  -  Waste, 
Renovation  -  Relapse,  Strength  -  Weakness, 
Weariness-Refreshment;  beat  up  for  recruits, 
Obstruction  -  Help,  Preparation  -  Nonprepara- 
tion. 

re-cruit'-ing.     Replenishing.     Renovation-Relapse. 

re-cruits'.     Reenforcements.     Obstruction-Help. 

rect'-an"-gle.  Right-angled  parallelogram.  Angu- 
larity. 

rect-an'-gu-lar.  Having  a  right  angle.  Angularity, 
Erectn  ess-Flatness. 

rec"-ti-fi-ca'-tion.  Correction.  Renovation- Re- 
lapse. 

rec'-ti-fy.  Correct.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Curvation  -  Rectilinearity,  Renovation  -  Re- 
lapse. 

rec"-ti-lin'-e-al.     Straight.     Curvation-Rectilinear- 

ITY. 

rec"-ti-lin'-e-ar.     Straight.         Curvation-Rectiline- 

ARITY. 

rec"-ti-lin"-e-ar'-i-ty.  State  of  consisting  of  straight 
lines.     Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

rec'-ti-tude .  Uprightness.  Uprightness  -  Dishon- 
esty, Virtue-Vice. 

rec'-tor.  Manager;  pastor.  Manager,  Ministry- 
Laity. 

rec'-tor-ship.     Office  of  a  rector.     Church. 

rec'-to-ry.      Rector's  house.     Fane. 

rec'-triz.  A  rectoress;  one  of  the  quills  of  a  bird's  tail. 
Chief-Underling,  Zoology-Botany. 

rectus  in  curia  [L.]  (rec'-tus  in  ciu'-ri-a).  Of  good 
standing  in  court.     Innocence-Guilt. 

reculade  [F.]  (re-cu-lad') .  A  falling  back.  Advance- 
Retrogression. 

reculer  pour  mieux  sauter  [F.]  (re-cii-lS'  pur  miu  so-te') . 


To  go  back  so  as  to  be  able  to  leap  better.  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Preparation  -  Nonpreparation, 

Recklessness-Caution. 

reculons,  a  [F.]  (re-cu-lon-',a).  Backwards.  Advance- 
Retrogression. 

re-cum'-ben-cy.     Reclining.     Erectness-Flatness. 

re-cum'-bent.  Leaning.  Erectness-Flatness. 

Parallelism-Inclination. 

re-cu"-per-a'-tion.  The  process  of  gaining  strength. 
Taking-Restitution. 

re-cu'-per-a-tive.  Tending  to  recovery.  Renovation- 
Relapse,  Taking-Restitution,  Weariness-Re- 
freshment. 

re-cur'.  To  be  repeated.  Frequency-Rarity,  Pe- 
riodicity-Irregularity, Recurrence;  recur  to, 
Use-Disuse;  recur  to  the  mind,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness. 

re-cure'.     To  recover.     Renovation-Re'.apse. 

re-cur'-rence.  A  second  happening.  Continuity- 
Interruption,  Periodicity-Irregularity,  Recur- 
rence, Remembrance-Forgetfulness,  Renova- 
tion-Relapse. 

RECURRENCE. 

Battology.     A  needless  repetition  of  words  in  speaking  or  writing. 

Harping      A  continual  dwelling  on  one  subject. 

Iteration.     Saving  or  doing  the  same  thing  over  again. 

Monotony.     The  state  of  being  monotonous.     See  Adjectives. 

Periodicity.     The  condition  of  recurring  at  regular  intervals. 

Reappearance.     The  act  of  coming  into  view  again. 

Recurrence.     The  state  of  occurring  or  happening  again  or  at  stated 

intervals. 
Reiteration.     Saying  or  doing  a  thing  over  and  over  again  in  an 

emphatic  and  exact  manner. 
Renewal.     The  act  or  process  of  making  or  beginning  over  again. 
Repetend.     Something  repeated. 
Repetition.     The  act  of  doing  or  saying  over  again. 
Reproduction.     The  act  or  power  of  bringing  forward  anew. 
Reverberation.     A  beating  or  sounding  back. 
Rhythm.     Movement  characterized  by  a  harmonious  succession  of 

sounds,  beats,  etc. 
Rifacimento  [It].     Are-making. 
Run.     Continued  repetition:  said  of  a  play. 
Succession.     The  act  of  following  in  regular  order. 
Tautology.     The  unnecessary  repetition  of  a  word  or  id^a. 
Tautophony.     Repetition  of  the  same  sound. 

Recurrence — Denotations. 

Burden  of  a  song.     That  part  of  a  song  that  is  repeated. 

Chimes.     A  set  of  bells  so  arranged  and  tuned  as  to  produce  melodies 

when  struck  successively. 
Drumming.     The  noise  made  by  beating  a  drum. 
Echo.     A  sound  returned  to  its  source  by  an  opposing  surface. 
New  edition.     A  reproduction  of  a  book  or  literary  work 

Old  story.}  A  story  often  rePeated- 

RGchauffe'  [F.J.     Food  warmed  over;  a  literary  rehash. 

Refrain.     A  phrase  or  strain  repeated  at  intervals  in  a  poem  or  song. 

Rehearsal.     A  preparatory  recital  or  performance  for  practise. 

Ritornello  [It.  J.     A  refrain. 

Second  edition.     A  republication  of  a  book. 

Twice-told  tale.     A  story  oft  repeated. 

Recurrence — Verbs. 
Battologize,     To  repeat  or  multiply  words  unnecessarily  in  speaking 

or  writing. 
Begin  again. 
Conjugate  in  all  its  moods,  tenses,  and  inflections.     To  repeat  a  word 

very  often. 
Din  in  the  ear.     To  say  over  and  over  again. 
Do  over  again.     To  repeat. 

Drum.     To  force  on  the  attention  by  constant  repetition 
Drum  in  the  ear.     To  repeat  continually. 
Echo.     To  repeat  or  reflect  a  sound. 
Go  over  the  same  ground.     To  repeat. 
Go  the  same  round.     To  do  over. 

Hammer.     To  strike  repeated  blows,  literally  or  figuratively 
Harp  on  the  same  string.     To  talk  continually  on  the  same  subject 
Harp  upon.     To  dwell  on  or  refer  to  until  it  becomes  tedious. 
Iterate,      To  repeat. 


RECURRENCE. 


868 


REDNESS— GREENNESJ. 


Hcver  hear  the  last  of.     To  hear  at  all  times. 

Reappear.     To  appear  again. 

Recapitulate.     To  repeat  or  sum  up  the  main  points,  as  in  a  debate. 

Recur.     To  happen  again  at  certain  intervals. 

Redouble.     To  increase  greatly  by  repeated  additions 

Reecho.     To  echo  again. 

Rehearse.     To  go  over  in  preparation. 

Rettei.-^e.     To  say  or  do  again  and  again. 

Renew.     To  begin  over  again. 

Repeat.     To  say  or  do  over  again  in  any  manner  whatever. 

Reproduce.     To  bring  forth  anew. 

Resume.     To  begin  again  after  a  cessation.  ■ 

Return.     To  come  back  again. 

Return  to.     To  begin  again. 

Revert.     To  turn  or  come  back  to. 

Reword.     To  repeat  in  other  words. 

Ring  the  changes  on.     To  repeafe  the  same  thought  in  a  great  variety 

of  ways. 
Say  over  again.     To  repeat. 

Recurrence — Adjectives. 
Above-mentioned.     Spoken  of  before. 
Afore-named.     Named  before. 
Aforesaid.     Mentioned  before. 
Another.     Repeated. 
Chiming.     Repeating  in  harmony. 
Ever-recurring.     Coming  to  view  repeatedly. 
Frequent.     Happening  often. 
Habitual.     Recurring  constantly. 
Harping.     Always  talking  about.     "Still  harping  on  my  daughter.** 

[Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  II,  ii.J 
Incessant.     Without  ceasing. 
Iterative.     Repeating. 

Hocking.     Repeating  in  a  jesting  or  derisive  manner. 
Monotonous.     Tiring  by  repetition. 
Recurrent.     Occurring  again  and  again.     See  Verbs. 
Recurring.     Repeating.     See  Verbs, 
Repeated,  etc.      Done  or  said  over  again.     See  Verbs. 
Repetitional.     Said  over  again.     See  Nouns. 
Repetitionary.     Repetitional.     See  Nouns. 
Retold.     Repeated  or  told  again. 
Said.     Aforesaid;  above-mentioned. 
Thick-coming.     Coming  rapidly  or  repeatedly. 

Recurrence — Adverbstttc. 
Afresh.     Again  after  a  rest. 
Again.     Once  more. 
Again  and  again.     Repeatedly. 
Anew.     Again  after  a  cessation. 
A  number  of  times.     Frequently. 
Bis.     Twice. 

Da  capo  [It.].     From  the  beginning. 
Day  by  day.     Daily. 
De  novo  [L.J.     Anew. 

Ding-dong.     With  monotonous  repetition. 
Ditto.     In  the  same  manner. 
Encore.     Once  more. 
Frequently.     Occurring  often. 
Full  many  a  time. ' 
Many  a  time.  *-***«. 

Many  times.  °ften- 

Many  times  over. 
Often.     Many  times. 
Once  more.)  „  ,. 

Over  again.f  Repeatedly. 
Over  and  over.     Again  and  again. 
Over  and  over  again.     Very  often. 
Several  times.     More  than  once. 
Time  after  time.     Repeatedly. 
Year  after  year.     Successively. 

Recurrence — Phrases. 
Cut  and  come  again.     To  help  yourself  and  take  more  when  wanted. 
Ecce  iterum  Crispinus  [L.].     Here  he  comes  again. 
Nullum  est  jam  dictum  quod  non  dictum  sit  prius    [L.).      Nothing 

is  said  nowadays  that  has  not  been  said  before.  [Terence,  Eunuch 

Prol.,  41 J 
To-morrow  and  to-morrow.     Again  and  again. 
Toujours  perdrix  [F.J.    Always  partridge;  too  much  of  a  good  thing. 


See  Adjectives. 


re-cur'-ring.  Happening  again.  Periodicity-Irreg- 
ularity, Recurrence. 

re-cur'-sion.     Return.     Arrival-Departure. 

re"-cur-va'-tion.  The  act  of  carving  back.  Curva- 
tion-Rectilinearity. 

re-curve'.  To  bend  back.  Curvation-Rectilinear- 
ity. 

re-curved'.  Curved  back.  Curvation-Rectilinear- 
ity. 

re-curv'-i-ty.  The  act  of  recurving.  Curvation-Rec- 
tilinearity. 

re-curv'-ous.  Bent  back.  Curvation-Rectilinear- 
ity. 

rec'-u-sance.  Persistent  disobedience.  Repentance- 
Obduracy. 

rec'-u-san-cy.  Recusance.  Assent-Dissent,  Asser- 
tion-Denial, Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Proffer- 
Refusal. 

rec'-u-sant.  Non-conformist.  Assent-Dissent, 

Assertion-Denial,  Insubordination-Obedience, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Proffer-Refusal,  Re- 
pentance-Obduracy. 

rec"-u-sa'-tion.     Refusal.     Assertion-Denial. 

red.  A  kind  of  color.  Redness-Greenness;  red  and 
yellow,  Blueness-Orange;  Red  Book,  Record;  red- 
coat, Belligerent;  red  cross,  Remedy-Bane;  red 
flag,  Alarm;  red  hot,  Emotion,  Excitation,  Heat- 
Cold,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness; red  lead,  Redness-Greenness;  red  letter, 
Sign,  Solemnization;  red-letter  day,  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Entertainment- Weariness,  Sol- 
emnization, Toil-Relaxation;  red  light,  Alarm; 
red  republican,  Insubordination-Obedience;  red 
«*pe,  Habit-Desuetude;  red-tapist,  Manager;  turn 
red,  Emotion. 

re-dan'.     Rampart.     Attack-Defense. 

red-ar'-gue.     To  disprove.     Proof-Disproof. 

red"-ar-gu'-tion.     Disproof.     Proof-Disproof. 

red'-de.a.  To  make  red.  Favorite-Anger,  Redness- 
Greenness,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

red'-dened.     Made  red.     Redness-Greenness. 

red'-dish.     Slightly  red.     Redness-Greenness. 

red-di'-tion.  Surrender.  Interpretation-Misinter- 
pretation, Taking-Restitution. 

red'-dle.     Redness.     Redness-Greenness. 

re-deem'.  To  regain;  to  make  good.  Atonement, 
Commutation-Permutation,  Compensation,  Di- 
vinity, Gain-Loss,  Renovation-Relapse,  Rescue,  . 
Settlement-Default,  Taking-Restitution;  re- 
deem from,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  re- 
deem one's  pledge,  Belligerent,  Duty-Derelic- 
tion, Uprightness-Dishonesty,  Virtue-Vice. 

re-deem'-a-ble.     Capable  of  being  redeemed.     Rescue. 

re-deem'-a-ble-ness.  The  quality  of  being  redeemable. 
Rescue. 

Re-deem'-er.     Christ.     Divinity. 

re-demp'-tion.  The  act  of  redeeming.  Atonement, 
Divinity,  Duty-Dereliction,  Release-Restraint, 
Renovation-Relapse,  Rescue. 

red'-hand"-ed.  Having  committed  murder.  Action- 
Passiveness,  Innocence-Guilt,  Life-Killing. 

red-ia'-te-grate.     Renew.     Renovation-Relapse. 

redintegratio  amoris  [L.]  (red-in"-ti-gre'-shi-o  a-mo'- 
ris).     Renewal  of  love.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

red-in"-te-gra'-tion.    Renewal.   Renovation-Relapse. 

red"-i-vi'-vus.     Renewed.     Renovation-Relapse. 

red'-ness.  The  state  of  being  red.  Redness-Green- 
ness. 


REDNESS— GREENNESS. 


Blush.  A  slight  reddening  of  the  face  or  cheeks,  as  in  shame  or  con- 
fusion. *'  Celestial  rosy  red,  love's  proper  hue."  [Milton,  Paradise 
Lost,  viii,  6x8.] 


Aquamarine.     A  bluish-green  color;  air  9  a  variety  of  beryl. 
Green.  The  color  of  the  spectrum  between  blue  and  yellow;  the  coToi 
of  growing  grass. 


REDNESS. 


863 


REDNESS— GREENNESS. 


REDNESS^GREENNESS— Continued. 


Carbuncle.     The  red  tincture  of  a  nobleman's  escutcheon. 

Color.     A  ruddiness  of  complexion  indicating  good  health. 

Erubescence.     The  act  of  becoming  red  or  blushing. 

Gules.     The  red  tincture  on  seals,  etc.,  indicated  by  parallel  vertical 

lines;  hence,  used  poetically  for  redness. 
Red.     The  color  of  the  spectrum  produced  by  waves  of  light  of  the 

longest  vibration;  the  color  of  human  blood. 
Redness.     The  quality  of  being  red. 

Rubescence.     The  quality  or  condition  of  growing  or  turning  red. 
Rubicundity.     A  condition  of  slight  redness. 
Rubification.     A  making  red. 
Warmth.     The  condition  of  predominating  in  red  or  yellow  tones. 

Redness — Denotations. 

Cedar.     A  trea  whose  wood  is  of  a  red  color. 

Human  blood.     The  red  liquid  wliich  circulates  in  the  blood-vessels 

of  the  body. 
Red  ink.     Ink  of  a  red  color. 

Redness — Nouns  of  Degree. 
**.armine.     A  rich  red  color  bordering  on  purple. 
Carnation.     The  color  of  human  flesh,  ranging  from  pink  to  deep 

crimson. 
(  ouleur  de  rose  [P.].     The  color  of  the  rose;  a  deep  purplish-pink. 
O*imson.     A  red  color  having  a  tinge  of  blue;  in  general,  deep-red. 
I  amask.     Deep-pink  or  rose-color;  the  color  of  the  damask  rose. 
F .fish-color.     The  color  of  human  flesh;  carnation. 
Flish-tint.     Flesh-color. 
Fresh-color.     A  bright,  healthy  color. 
High-color.     A  strong,  deep,  or  glaring  color. 
Iron-mold.     The  color  or  stain  which  iron-rust  leaves  on  cloth. 
Maroon.     A  dull-red  color,  bordering  on  brownish  red. 
Pink.     A  very  light-red  color;  the  color  of  the  garden  pink. 
Purple.    A  color  formed  by  mixing  the  primary  colors,  red  and  blue, 

and  varying  between  violet  and  crimson. 
Rose.     Rose-red;  the  color  of  the  rose. 
Rose  du  Barry  [F.].     A  pink  or  light-crimson  color  in  porcelain 

decoration,  named   from  Madame  Du   Barry,  mistress  of    Louis 

XV. 
Ruby.     A  rich  red  color  like  that  of  the  ruby,  slightly  bordering  on 

crimson. 
Rust.      The  brownish-red  color  which  iron  takes  on  when  exposed  to 

moisture. 
Scarlet.     A  brilliant-red  color  with  a  slight  tinge  of  orange  or  yellow. 
Vermilion.     A  bright-red  color. 

Redness — Nouns  of  Source. 
Annatto.      A  yellowish-red  dye  obtained  from  the  annatto-tree  of 

Central  America. 
Cinnabar.     Red  sulfid  of  mercury,  used  as  a  pigment,  giving  the 

color  of  vermilion. 
Cochineal.     A  dyestuff  obtained  from  the  cochineal -insect,  giving  a 

brilliant  scarlet  color. 
Fuchsin.     A  coal-tar  dyestuff,  dark -red  in  solution. 
Indian  red.     A  purplish-red  earth  or  pigment. 
Lake.     A  pigment  made  by  combining  some  animal  or  vegetable 

matter  with  a  metallic  oxid. 
Light-red.     An  orange-red  ocher. 
Madder.     A  plant,  the  root  of  which  is  much  used  in  dyeing  and  as  a 

pigment,  giving  a  red  color. 
Magenta.     A  coal-tar  dyestuff. 

Reddle.     A  variety  of  red  iron-ore  used  as  a  pigment;  red  ocher. 
Red  lead.     A  vivid-red  lead  oxid,  used  chiefly  as  a  pigment. 
Venetian  red.     A  mixture  of  ferric  oxid  and  lime,  used  chiefly  as  a 

pigment. 

Redness — Verbs. 
Become  red,  etc.     To  take  on  a  red  color.     See  Adjectives. 
Be  red,  etc.     To  be  of  a  reel  color.     See  Adjectives. 
Blush.     To  turn  red,  especially  in  the  fac\  as  in  confusion  or  shame. 
Color  up.     To  grow  red  in  the  face;  blush. 
Flush.     To  turn  red  suddenly,  as  the  face  in  anger. 
Incarnadine.     To  dye  red  or  flesh-colored.     *'  This  my  [bloody]  hand 

will  rather  the  multitudinous  seas  incarnadine."     [Shakespeare, 

Macbeth,  II,  ii.] 
Mantle.     To  become  overspread  with  color,  usually  red;  blush. 
Redden.     To  grow  red;  blush. 
Render  red.     To  color  or  make  red. 
Rouge.     To  heighten  or  imitate  the  natural  color  of  the  skin  by 

applying  any  cosmetic  or  coloring. 
Rubify.     To  make  red. 
Rubricate.     To  mark  red  for  the  purpose  of  distinguishing  or  calling 

attention  to,  as  parts  of  a  book. 
Ruddle.     To  color  coarsely  red,  as  to  mark  sheep  with  ruddle. 


Greenness.     The  condition  of  having  a  green  color. 

Sea-green.     The  color  of  the  ocean. 

Verdure.     The  fresh  greenness  of  growing  vegetation. 

Viridescence.     The  condition  of  being  slightly  green. 

Viridity.     The  condition  of  having  a  fresh  green  color;  verdant. 

Greenness — Denotations. 

Absinthe.     A  volatile,  green,  intoxicating  liquor. 
Beryl.     A  vitreous  green  aluminum  silicate. 
Emerald.     A  bright-green  variety  of  beryl. 
Grass.     The  green  plants  on  which  cattle  feed. 
Malachite.     A  green  mineral. 

Verd-antique.     A  mottled  green  serpentine  marble. 
Vert.     The  tincture  green  in  heraldry. 

Greenness — Nouns  of  Source. 
Blue  and  yellow.     The  combination  which  produces  green. 
Terre  verte  [F.fl.     Green  earth. 
Verdigris.     A  green  pigment  obtained  by  the  action  of  acetic  acid  on 

copper. 
Verditer.    A  light-blue  pigment  which,  when  boiled,  becomes  a  green 
pigment. 

Greenness — Adjectives. 

Apple-green.     Of  the  color  of  an  apple. 
Bottle-green.     Of  the  color  of  green  glass  bottles. 
Emerald-green.     Of  the  color  of  an  emerald. 
Glaucous.     Sea-green. 
Grass-green,     j  Qf  he  color   f 
Green  as  grass  J 

Green.     Having  the  color  of  growing  grass. 
Greenish.     Slightly  green. 

rt,.     '  f  Of  the  color  of  the  olive. 

Olive-green.) 

Pea-green.     Of  the  color  of  green  pea-pods. 

Sea-green.     Of  the  color  of  sea-water. 

Verdant.     Green  with  vegetation. 

Virent.     Verdant;  green. 

Virescent.     Greenish;  growing  green. 


REDNESS—  Continued. 
Redness— A  djectives. 
Blood-red.     Colored  with  or  like  blood. 
Blowzed.     Having  a  coarsely  red  or  flushed  face. 
Blowzy.     Blowzed. 

Blushing,  etc.     Becoming  red.     See  Verbs. 
Brick-colored.     Of  the  color  of  bricks;  brownish-red. 
Brickdust-colored.     Brick-colored. 

Buff.     A  light  yellow  verging  toward  pink,  gray,  or  brown. 
Burnt.     Having  the  color  of  that  which  has  been  burnt;  brownish* 

red. 
Carroty.     Like  a  carrot  in  color;  reddish-yellow. 
Cherry-colored.     Of  the  color  of  a  cherry. 
Claret.     Having  the  color  of  claret;  deep  purplish-red. 
Erubescent.     Tending  to  grow  red ;  blushing. 
Flame-colored.     Of  the  color  of  a  flame. 

Flesh-colored.     Having  the  color  of  human  flesh ;  carnation. 
Florid.     Flushed  with  red. 
Foxy.     Of  the  color  of  a  fox;  reddish-brown. 
Hot.     Fiery  red. 
Incarnadin.     Flesh -colored. 
Lateritious.     Of  the  color  of  red  brick. 
Lurid.     Giving  a  ghastly  dull-red  light. 
Murrey.     Of  a  dark  reddish-brown  or  mulberry  color. 
Peach-colored.     Having  the  bright  reddish  tint  »f  the  peach 
Red.     Having  the  color  of  arterial  human  blood 
Red  as  a  lobster. 
Red  as  a  turkey-cock. 

Red  as  blood.  V  Figurative  degrees  of  redness. 

Red  as  tire. 

Red  as  scarlet.  J 

Reddened,  etc.     Made  red.     See  Verbs. 
Reddish.     Slightly  red. 
Roseate.     Tinged  with  rose-color  or  red. 
Rose-colored.     Of  the  color  of  a  rose. 
Rosy.     Of  the  color  of  the  rose;  rose-red. 
Rubicund.     Having  a  reddened  face;  flushed. 
Rubiform.     Red  in  color. 
Ruby-colored.     Of  the  color  of  the  ruby. 
Ruddy.     Tinged  with  red. 
Rufous.     Brownish-red;  rust-colored. 


REDNESS. 


870 


REFLECTION. 


REDNESS— Adjectives — Continued. 


Russet.     0£  a  reddish-brown  color. 

SalmoH-colored.     Of  a  reddish-yellow  or  orange  color 

Sanguine.     Having  the  color  of  blood;  red. 


Sorrel.     Of  a  reddish-  or  yeilowish-brown  color. 

Stammel.     Having  the  color  of  stammel;  of  an  inferior  red  color. 

Warm.     Having  predominating  tones  of  red  or  yellow. 


red'-o-lence.  Fragrance.  Odor-Inodorousness, 
Perfume-Stench. 

red'-o-lent.     Odorous.     Odor-Inodorousness. 

re-doub'-le.  To  increase.  Doubling-Halving,  In- 
crease-Decrease, Recurrence;  redouble  one's 
efforts,  Toil-Relaxation. 

re-dound'.     To  contribute.     Inclination;  redound  to 
one's  honor,  Approval-Disapproval,  Reputation- 
Discredit,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

re-dout'.     To  fortify.     Attack-Defense. 

re-dout'-a-ble.     Formidable.     Action-Passiveness. 

red'-ow-a.  A  round  dance.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

re-dress'.  Remedy;  compensation.  Recompense-Pu- 
nition,  Remedy-Bane,  Renovation-Relapse. 

red"-ta'-pist.     One  who  is  very  formal.     Manager. 

re-duce'.  To  subdue ;  to  lessen ;  to  lower.  Affluence- 
Penury,  Elevation-Depression,  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Increase-Decrease,  Length-Short- 
ness, Multiplicity- Paucity,  Price-Discount, 
Strength-Weakness,  Success-Failure;  reduce  in 
strength,  Strength-Weakness;  reduce  the  speed, 
Swiftness-Slowness;  reduce  to,  Conversion-Re- 
version ;  reduce  to  a  mean,  Medium  ;  reduce  to  ashes, 
Heating-Cooling;  reduce  to  demonstration,  Proof- 
Disproof;  reduce  to  order,  Organization-Disor- 
ganization; reduce  to  poverty,  Affluence-Penury; 
reduce  to  powder,  Friability;  reduce  to  subjection, 
Liberty-Subjection;  reduce  to  writing,  Mark-Ob- 
literation. 

re-duced'.  Made  fewer;  lowered.  Affluence-Pen- 
ury, Multiplicity -Paucity,  Supremacy- Subor- 
dinacy; reduced  to  a  skeleton,  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration; reduced  to  straits,  Difficulty-Facility; 
reduced  to  the  last  extremity,  Security-Insecurity. 

reductio  ad  absurdum  fL.]  (ri-duc'-shi-o  ad  ab-sur'-dum) . 
A  reducing  a  position  to  an  absurdity.  Proof-Dis- 
proof,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

re-duc'-tion.  Act  of  reducing.  Conversion-Rever- 
sion, Elevation-Depression,  Enlargement-Dimi- 
nution, Increase-Decrease,  Length-Shortness, 
Multiplicity -Paucity,  Numbering,  Sameness- 
Contrast;  at  a  reduction,  Costliness-Cheapness; 
reduction  of  temperature,  Heating-Cooling. 

re-dun'-dance.  Surplus.  Excess -Lack,  Terseness- 
Prolixity,  Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

re-dun'-dant.     Excessive.     Excess-Lack. 

re-du'-pli-cate.     To  repeat.     Doubling-Halving. 

re-du"-pli-ca'-tion.  A  repetition.  Doubling-Halv- 
ing, Imitation-Originality. 

re-ech'-o.  To  echo  back.  Imitation-Originality, 
Recurrence,  Resonance-Nonresonance. 

reech'-y.     Smoky.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

reed.  Arrow;  kind  of  grass.  Musical  Instruments, 
Strength-Weakness,  Weapon;  lean  on  a  broken 
reed,  Recklessness-Caution;  reed  instrument, 
Musical  Instruments;  trust  to  a  broken  reed, 
Skill-Unskilfulness. 

reef.  Ridge  of  rocks;  to  reduce.  Refuge-Pitfall, 
Swamp-Island,  Swiftness-Slowness;  double  reef 
topsails,  Security-Insecurity. 

reefs.     Dangerous  rocks.     Refuge-Pitfall. 

reek.  Steam;  smoke.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Heat- 
Cold,  Liquefaction-Volatilization,  Liquid-Gas, 
Water-Air. 

reek'-ing.  Emitting  steam  or  smoke.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Dampness- Dryness,  Heat -Cold, 
Liquefaction- Volatilization. 


reek'-y.     Smoky.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

reel.  Bobbin;  dance;  to  stagger.  Agitation,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness, Vibration;  off  the  reel, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity;  reel  back,  Yield- 
ing. 

re"-em-bod'-y.  To  embody  again.  Composition 
Resolution,  Union-Disunion. 

re"-en-force'.  To  strengthen.  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion, Obstruction-Help,  Renovation-Relapse, 
Strength-Weakness. 

re"-en-force'-ment.  Help.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Increment-Remnant,  Materials,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Provision-Waste. 

re"-en-force'-ments.  Fresh  troops.  Obstruction- 
Help. 

re'-en-ter.     To   enter   again.     Curvation-Rectiline- 

ARITY. 

re-en'-ter-ing.  Reentrant.  Reentering  angle,  Angu- 
larity. 

re"-es-tab'-lish.  To  establish  again.  Renovation- 
Relapse. 

re"-es-tab'-lish-ment.  A  restoration.  Renovation- 
Relapse. 

re"-es-tate'.     To  reinstate.     Renovation-Relapse. 

re-fash'-ion.     To  form  again.     Renewal. 

re-feet'.     To  restore.     Strength-Weakness. 

re-fec'-tion.  Food.  Nutriment-Excretion,  Weari- 
ness-Refreshment. 

re-fec'-to-ry.     Eating-room.     Contents-Receiver. 

re-fer.  To  relate;  to  assign;  seek  advice.  Admis- 
sion-Exclusion, Advice,  Connection-Independ- 
ence, Evidence-Counterevidence,  Rationale- 
Luck. 

ref'-er-a-ble.  Assignable.  Connection- Independ- 
ence, Rationale-Luck. 

ref-er-ee'.    Umpire.    Decision-MisjudgmentJudge. 

ref '-er-ence .  Act  of  referring.  Advice,  Connection- 
Independence,  Evidence-Counterevidence,  Ra- 
tionale-Luck. 

ref'-er-en'-da-ry.     Referee.     Judge. 

ref'-er-en'-dum.  Proposition  for  consideration.  Leave 
referendum,  Persistence-Whim. 

referendum,  ad  [L.]  (ref'-er-en'-dum,  ad).  For  con- 
sideration.    Investigation-Answer. 

re-fer'-ment.     Reference.     Advice. 

re-fer'-ri-ble.  Referable.  Connection-Independ- 
ence, Ratiocination-Instinct,  Rationale-Luck. 

re-fine'.  To  purify.  Cleanness-Filthiness;  refine 
upon,  Betterment-Deterioration. 

re-fined'.  Cultured.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Politeness- 
Impoliteness,  Society-Ludicrousness,  Taste-Vul- 
garity; refined  taste,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

re-fine'-ment.  Culture.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Differentiation-Indiscrim- 
ination, Sagacity-Incapacity,  Strength-Weak- 
ness, Taste- Vulgarity;  overrefinement,  Ratioc- 
ination-Instinct. 

re-fit'.     To  repair.     Renovation-Relapse. 

re-flect'.  To  think;  •  to  mirror.  Imitation-Original- 
ity, Reflection-Vacancy;  reflect  dishonor,  Repu- 
tation-Discredit; reflect  light,  Light-Darkness; 
reflect  upon,  Approval-Disapproval. 

re-flect'-ing.  Careful.  Sagacity-Incapacity;  reflect- 
ing goniometer,  Mineralogy. 

re-flec'-tion.  Thought;  blame;  image.  Adage-Non- 
sense, Advance-Retrogression,  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Conception-Theme,  Heed-Disregard, 
Light-Darkness,  Reflection-Vacancy. 


REFLECTION. 


871 


REFLECTION— VACANCY. 


REFLECTION— VACANCY. 


Abstraction.  The  act  of  separating  mentally  the  qualities  or  proper- 
ties of  an  object. 

Abstract  thought.    A  thought  general  and  abstruse ;  hence,  difficult. 

Afterthought.     Consideration  after  an  act. 

Application.     Intenseness  of  thought.     See  Heed. 

Association  of  thought.     Mental  grouping  of  ideas. 

Brain-work.     Mental  exercise. 

Brown  study.  A  state  of  absent-mindedness,  as  in  deep  thought. 
See  Heed-Disregard. 

Cerebration.     Exertion  of  the  brain  in  thought. 

Close  study.     Attentive  application  to  mental  work. 

Cogitation.      The  act  or  process  of  thinking  about. 

Consideration.     Thoughtful  feeling  or  treatment. 

Contemplation.     The  act  of  considering  thoughtfully. 


Current  of  ideas.      \  . 
X.iAs 


i  A  series  of  successive  thoughts. 
Current  of  thought  J 

D^ep  reflection.     Intense  thought. 

Deliberation.     Careful  and  considerate  thought. 

Depth  of  thought.     Profoundness  of  contemplation. 

Examination.     Careful  inquiry  or  inspection.     See  Investigation. 

Excogitation.     Attentive  thought. 

Exercise  of  the  intellect.  \  nw*-a~-  „t  *u~  ™:„ a 
_  _  t.  ««.  j_i.fi  i  {  h,xertion  ot  the  mind. 
Exercitation  of  the  intellect,  i 

Flow  of  thought.     A  gentle  procedure  of  reasoning,  uninterrupted 

and  copious. 

Head-work.     Mental  labor. 

Inmost  thoughts.     Thoughts  hidden  farthest  from  public  view. 

Invention.     The  faculty  or  power  of  inventing.     See  Fancy. 

Lucubration.     Intense  and  earnest  thought. 

Mature  thought.     Well-developed  thought. 

Meditation.     The  act  of  thinking  carefully. 

Musing.     The  act  of  thinking  deeply. 

Platonism.     The  philosophy  of  Plato. 

Pondering.     Deliberative  thought. 

Reconsideration.     To  think  over  again. 

Reflection.     The  act  of  turning  back  the  thoughts;  pondering. 

Retrospection.     The  act  of  looking  back  on  things.     See  Fancy. 

Reverie.     An  idle  train  of  thought. 

Second  thoughts.     Reflection  after  an  action. 

Self-communing.     Consideration  of  one's  own  thoughts. 

Self-consultation.     Deliberation  with  oneself. 

Self-counsel.     To  advise  oneself. 

Speculation.     Thinking  proceeding  from  intuitive  principles. 

Study.     Learning  by  mental  application. 

Succession  of  thought.     A  consecutive  following  of  thought. 

Thought.     The  act,  process,  or  power  of  thinking. 

Thoughtfulness.     Attentiveness.     See  Adjectives. 

Thoughts.      What  are  produced  by  thinking. 

Train  of  thought.     A  connected  line  of  thought. 

Workings  of  the  mind.     Mental  labors. 

Reflection — Verbs. 

Advise  with  one's  pillow.     To  deliberate  alone  after  retiring. 

Animadvert.     To  criticize  or  censure. 

Apply  the  mind.     To  pay  attention.     See  Heed. 

Appreciate.     To  estimate  duly. 

Bear  in  mind.     Retain  in  thought. 

Beat  one's  brains.     To  think  searchingly. 

Bend  the  mind.     To  apply  the  mind  to.     See  Heed. 

Bestow  consideration  upon.     To  give  careful  thought  to. 

Bestow  thought.     To  give  attention. 

Bethink  oneself.     To  bring  to  one's  consideration. 

Be  uppermost  in  the  mind.     To  hold  the  first  place  in  the  thoughts. 

Brood  over.     To  think  long  and  anxiously  upon. 

Cherish  an  idea.     To  think.     See  Conception. 

Chew  the  cud  upon.     Figurative  for  to  meditate  deeply  upon. 

Cogitate.     To  think  over. 

Collect  one's   thoughts.     To  gain  command  over  one's  dispersed 

thoughts. 
Come  into  one's  head.     To  enter  the  mind. 
Come  uppermost.     To  take  the  first  place  in  the  mind. 
Commune  with  oneself.     To  think  in  solitude. 
Con  over.     To  study  carefully. 
Consider.     To  fix  the  mind  on. 
Contemplate.     To  think  studiously. 
Crack  one's  brains.     To  think  very  earnestly. 
Cross  the  mind.     To  engage  the  thoughts  slightly. 
Cudgel  one's  brains.     To  think  very  earnestly. 
Deliberate.     To  weigh  in  the  mind 

Digest.     To  think  out;  to  settle  systematically  in  the  mind. 
Discuss.     To  reason  upon. 

Dream.  To  have  ideas  during  sleep;  to  think  idly. 
Engross  the  thoughts.     To  entirely  occupy  the  mind. 


Fatuity.     Imbecility;  idiocy.     See  Sagacity-Incapacity 

Incogitancy.     Want  of  thought. 

Inunderstanding.     Void  of  understanding. 

Thoughtlessness,     Lack  of  thought  or  attention.     See  Heed-Disrb. 

card. 
Vacancy.     State  of  being  empty  of  thought  or  stupid. 

Vacancy — Verbs. 
Dismiss  from  the  mind.        1  To  pay  no  attention  to.     See  Reflec- 
Dismiss  from  the  thoughts./      tion. 
Divert  the  mind.     To  turn  aside  the  thoughts. 

Indulge  in  reverie.     To  indulge  in  listless  musing.     See  Heed-Disrb- 
gard. 

Not  think  "of  J  ^°  ^e  ^ree  ^rom  tne  mind.     See  Reflection. 
Put  away  thought.     To  relieve  the  mind  from  labor. 
Relax  the  mind.     To  release  the  mind  from  effort. 
Unbend  the  mind.     To  free  the  mind  from  care  or  labor. 

Vacancy — Adjectives. 
Absent.     Of  wandering  mind.     See  Heed-Disregard. 
Diverted.     Turned  away  from  labor  or  study,  as  by  amusement. 
Incogitable.     Nut  capable  of  being  known. 
Inconsiderate.     Thoughtless;  heedless. 
Irrational.     Not  possessed  of  reasoning  powers.     See  Sagacity-In 

capacity. 
Narrow-minded.     Of  confined  views.     See  Decision-Misji:dgment 
Not  to  be  thought  of.     Impossible. 
Off  one's  mind.     Free  from  care. 
Thoughtless.     Heedless. 
Unconsidered.      Not  considered  or  regarded. 
Undreamt  of.     Not  thought  of. 
Unideal.     Destitute  of  ideas. 
Unintellectual.     Lacking  intellect. 
Unoccupied.     Not  possessed. 
Unthinking.     Lacking  thought. 
Unthought  of .     Not  thought  of. 
Vacant.     Idle;  thoughtless. 

Vacancy — Phrases. 
Absence  d 'esprit  [F.]-     Absence  of  mind. 
Bayer  aux  corneilles  [F.J.     To  gape  at  the  crows;  i.  t ,  to  gape  idly 

upwards  into  vacancy. 
Pabulum  pictura  pascit   inani   [L.].       He  feeds  his  mind  with  an 

empty  picture. 


REFLECTION— Verbs—  Continued. 

Entertain  an  idea.  To  have  a  notion  or  impression  See  Concep- 
tion. 

Enter  the  mind.     To  engage  the  thoughts. 

Excogitate.     To  strike  out  by  thinking. 

Fancy.     To  portray  in  the  mind;  to  be  pleased  with.     See  Fancy. 

Fasten  itself  on  the  mind.  To  take  a  permanent  place  in  the  thoughts 

Flash  across  the  mind.     To  engage  the  thoughts  for  an  instant. 

Flash  on  the  mind.     To  come  suddenly  to  the  thoughts. 

Flit  across  the  brain.     To  pass  quickly  through  the  mind. 

Float  in  the  mind.     To  linger  idly  in  the  thoughts. 

Get  into  one's  head.     Occupy  a  place  in  the  thoughts. 

Hammer  at.     To  work  at  steadily  in  the  mind. 

Harbor  an  idea.  To  have  a  purpose  or  plan  of  action.  See  Concep- 
tion. 

Have  in  one's  mind.     To  hold  in  one's  thoughts. 

Make  an  impression.     To  produce  an  effect  on  the  mind. 

Meditate. 

Muse. 

Nurture  an  idea.  To  keep  an  object  occupying  th«  mind.  See  Con- 
ception. 

Occupy  the  mind.     To  engage  the  thoughts. 

Occur.     To  come  to  the  mind. 

Pass  in  the  mind.     To  occur  in  the  thoughts. 

Penetrate  into  the  mind.     To  pass  into  or  affect  the  thoughts. 

Perpend.     To  weigh  carefully  in  the  mind. 

Ponder.     To  think  attentively  about. 

Present  itself.     To  introduce  itself  into  the  mind. 

Rack  one's  brains.     To  exert  one's  mind  to  the  utmost. 

Ransack  one's  brains.     To  search  one's  mind  thoroughly 

Realize.     To  impress  on  the  mind  as  real. 

Reconsider.     To  review  in  the  mind. 

Reflect.     To  think  seriously;  revolve  in  the  mind. 

Revolve  in  the  mind.     To  think  deliberately  upon 

Ruminate.     To  muse;  meditate. 

Run  in  one's  head.     To  stay  in  one's  thoughts. 


e  1 
*f  To  think  upon;  turn  over  in  the  mind. 


REFLECTION. 


872 


REFUGE— PITFALL. 


REFLECTION— Verbs— Continued. 


Run  over  in  the  mind.     To  think  over  hurriedly  in  review. 
Set  one's  brain  to  work.     To  make  one  think. 
Set  one's  wits  to  work.     To  make  one's  mind  exert  itself. 
Sink  into  the  mind.     To  impress  in  the  thoughts. 
Sleep  upon.     To  sleep  before  rendering  a  decision  upon  something. 
Speculate.     To  pursue  inquiries  and  theories  in  one's  mind. 
Strike  one.     To  impress  one's  mind. 

Study.      To  endeavor  to  learn  by  mental  application;   to  inspect 
thoughtfully. 


Suggest  itself.     To  introduce  itself  to  the  thoughts. 

Take  counsel.     To  be  advised.     See  Advice. 

Take  counsel  of  one's  pillow.     To  think  over  after  retiring. 

Take  into  consideration.     To  take  into  one's  thoughts. 

Take  into  one's  head.     To  form  a  notion  in  one's  mind. 

Think.     To  produce  or  form  by  mental  processes. 

Trow.     To  suppose;  to  think. 

Turn  over  in  the  mind.     To  deliberate  upon. 

Weigh.     To  estimate  the  worth  of. 


Reflection — Adjectives. 


Contemplative.     Given  to  thoughtful  consideration. 

Deep  musing.     Thinking  deeply.     See  Heed. 

Deliberative.     Pertaining  to  deliberation  or  careful  consideration. 

In  the  mind.     In  thought. 

Introspective.     Looking  within. 

Lost  in  thought.     Absent-minded.     See  Heed-Disregard. 

Meditative.      Disposed  to  meditation  or  contemplative  thought. 

Museful.     Deeply  thoughtful. 

Pensive.     Thoughtful;  sad. 

Philosophical.     Belonging  to  philosophy. 


Platonic.      Pertaining  to  the  Greek  philosopher  Plato;    purely  spir- 
itual. 
Reflective.     Meditative. 
Sedate.     Calm;  sober*  contemplative. 
Speculative.     Given  to  speculation.     See  Nouns. 
Studious.     Given  to  earnest  study. 
Thinking.     Reviewing  in  mind.     See  Verbs. 
Thoughtful.     Given  to  thought;  meditative. 
Under  consideration.     In  the  thought  of. 
Wistful.     Marked  by  earnest  thought. 


Reflection — Phrases. 


En  toule  chose  il  faut  considerer  le  fin  [F.J. 

consider  the  end. 
The  head  running  upon. 
The  head  turning  upon. 
The  mind  being  on  the  stretch. 


In  everything  one  must 


The  mind  running  upon 
The  mind  turning  upon. 
Vivere  est  cogitare  [L.J. 
Volk  der  Dichtcr  und  Denker    [G.J. 
Germans. 


To  live  is  to  think. 

Nation  of  poets  and  thinkers 


re-flec'-tive.     Thoughtful.     Reflection-Vacancy. 

re-flect'-or.     Mirror.     Optical  Instruments. 

re-flex'.     A  turning  back.     Impetjs-Reaction. 

re'-flex".  Image;  reflexed.  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Copy-Model. 

le-flex'-ion.  Copy;  turning  backward.  Copy-Model, 
Impetus-Reaction,  Light-Darkness,  Resonance- 
Nonresonance. 

re-flex'-ive-ly.  In  a  reflexive  manner.  Advance-Ret- 
rogression. 

ref'-lu-ence.  A  flowing  back.  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion. 

ref'-lu-ent.  Flowing  back.  Advance  -  Retrogres- 
sion. 

re'-flux".  A  flowing  back.  Advance-Retrogression, 
Impetus-Reaction,  Increase-Decrease,  River- 
Wind. 

re-foc'-il-late.  To  invigorate.  Weariness-Refresh- 
ment. 

re-foc"-il-la'-tion.  Refreshment.  Strength  -  Weak- 
ness, Weariness-Refreshment: 

re-form'.  To  change  for  the  better.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Conversion-Reversion. 

ref"-or-ma'-tion.  Reform.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion. 

re-form'-a-to-ry.  Place  for  reforming  young  criminals. 
Betterment-Deterioration,  School. 

Re-formed'.  Noting  the  Churches  organized  by 
Protestants  in  the  16th  century  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Zwingli  and  Calvin.  Orthodoxy-Hetero- 
doxy. 

re-form'-er.  One  who  advocates  reform.  Better- 
ment-Deterioration. 

re-found'.  To  put  on  a  new  basis.  Conversion-Re- 
version. 


re-frac'-tion.  Deviation.  Aim-Aberration,  Light- 
Darkness,  Sight-Dimsightedness. 

re-frac'-to-ry.  Uncontrollable.  Bigotry- Apostasy, 
Difficulty  -  Facility,  Insubordination  -  Obedi- 
ence, Reprisal-Resistance. 

re-frain'.  To  forbear.  Action  -  Passiveness,  Mod- 
eration-Selfindulgence,  Quest-Evasion,  Recur- 
rence; refrain  from  laughter,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection;  refrain  from  voting,  Choice-Neutral- 
ity. 

re-frain'.     Something  repeated.     Recurrence. 

re-frain'-ing.     Avoiding.     Quest-Evasion. 

re-fresh'.  To  reinvigorate;  to  repair.  Alleviation- 
Aggravation,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Heat- 
ing-Cooling, Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Ren- 
ovation-Relapse, Strength- Weakness,  Weari- 
ness-Refreshment; refresh  the  memory.  Remem- 
brance -  FORGETFULNESS,  WEARINESS  -  REFRESH- 
MENT. 

re-freshed'.  Reinvigorated.  Weariness  -  Refresh- 
ment. 

re-fresh'-ing.  Pleasant.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness, Sensuality-Suffering. 

re-fresh'-ment.  That  which  refreshes.  Alleviation- 
Aggravation,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Nu- 
triment-Excretion, Pleasure- Pain,  Renova- 
tion-Relapse, Sensuality-Suffering. 

re'-frig'-er-ate.     To  cool.     Heating-Cooling. 

re-frig"-er-a'-tion.  A  cooling.  Feeling-Insensibil- 
ity, Heating-Cooling. 

re-frig'-er-a"-tor.     A  cooler.     Oven-Refrigerator. 

re-frig'-er-a-to"-ry.     Cooling.     Oven-Refrigerator 

reft.     Stolen  away.     Union-Disunion. 

ref'-uge.      Shelter.      Escape,     Refuge-Pitfall,    Se 
curity-Insecurity. 


REFUGE— PITFALL. 


Anchor.      An  iron  instrument  which  keeps  a  floating  vessel  from 

drifting. 
Anchorage.     A  place  suitable  for  anchoring  vessels. 
Ark.     That  which  preserves  and   keeps  in  safety;  or  refuge   from 

floods. 
Asylum.     A  place  of  refuge. 

Ballast.     Any  heavy  substance  put  in  the  hold  of  a  vessel  to  steady  it . 
Breakwater.     Any  structure  which  affords  protection  against  the 

waves. 


Ambush.     A  lying  in  concealment  in  order  to  attack  by  surprise. 

Bank.     A  shoal;    a  sand-bar. 

Breakers.  Waves  broken  into  foam  by  rocks  or  sand-bars  under- 
neath. 

Breakers  ahead.      Dangers  ahead. 

Coral  reef.     Limestone  formations  produced  bv  the  coral-polyp. 

Dangerous  person.     One  ready  or  likely  to  do  harm  or  injury. 

Death  in  the  pot.  Figurative  expression  for  an  enterprise  fraught 
with  dang'.r. 


REFUGE. 


873 


REGALITY. 


REFUGE—  PITFALL—  Continued. 


Check.     That  which  restrains  or  guards  from  danger. 

Cork  jacket.     A  jacket  used  as  an  aid  in  swimming. 

Covert.     Something  that  shelters  or  defends. 

Embankment.     Any  bank  thrown  up  as  a  protetion. 

Fastness.     A  secure  retreat. 

Fort.    A  stronghold. 

Grapline.     A  small  anchor 

GrappHng-iron.     A  hooked  iron  used  to  hold  a  vessel  or  other  object. 

Harbor.     A  refuge  for  ships. 

Harbor  of  refuge.     A  place  of  security  and  shelter. 

Hedge.     A  small  anchor. 

Haven.     A  place  of  anchorage  for  ships. 

Hiding-place.     A  refuge. 

Home.     A  place  of  peace  and  rest. 

Jerty.  Any  structure  intended  to  counteract  the  action  of  tides  or 
currents. 

Jury-mast.     A  temporary  mast. 

Keep.     A  stronghold. 

Lee-wall.     A  wall  to  protect  shipping  from  the  wind. 

Life-boat.  A  boat  specially  designed  for  saving  lives  in  time  of 
shipwreck. 

Lightning-rod.  A  metallic  conductor  of  electricity  used  as  a  pro- 
tection against  lightning. 

Mainstay.     A  chief  support  or  dependence. 

Means  of  escape.     Anything  by  which  one  gains  safety. 

Mole.     A  breakwater  built  to  protect  a  harbor. 

Parachute.     An  apparatus  used  in  descending  from  a  balloon. 

Pier.     A  mass  of  masonry  used  as  a  support. 

Plank.     Anything  that  sustains  or  upholds. 

Quay.     A  wharf  or  artificial  landing-place  on  the  shore  of  a  harbor. 

Refuge.     A  place  or  means  of  protection  or  shelter. 

Refuge  for  the  destitute.     A  place  of  safety. 

Retreat.     A  place  to  which  one  may  retire  for  safety. 

Roadstead.  A  place  of  anchorage  off  shore  without  harbor  pro- 
tection. 

Safeguard.     That  which  keeps  in  safety. 

Safety-lamp.  A  lamp  so  constructed  as  to  prevent  the  ignition  of 
gases. 

Safety-valve.     A  valve  to  permit  the  escape  of  excessive  steam. 

Sanctuary.  A  place  to  which  fugitives  from  justice  might  flee  as  a 
refuge  from  arrest. 

Sanctum  sanctorum  [L.J.  The  Holy  of  Holies,  hence,  a  place  of 
inviolate  safety 

Screen.     Anything  that  shields  against  external  injury  or  danger. 

Sea-port.     A  harbor  on  the  sea-coast. 

Sheet-anchor.     One  of  the  large  anchors  of  a  ship. 

Shelter.     That  which  shields  or  protects  from  danger. 

Shield.     A  defensive  armor. 

Stepping-stone.     Any  means  of  advance  or  escape. 

Support.     That  which  preserves  from  falling  or  perishing. 

Swimming-belt.     A  belt  to  prevent  one  from  sinking. 

Umbrella.     A  shelter  from  the  rain;  a  little  shade. 

Vent-peg.     A  peg  for  stopping  a  vent. 

Wall.     A  barrier  constructed  for  defense. 

Ward.     Any  means  of  defense  or  protection. 

Wing.     A  fortification;   a  jetty. 


Firebrand.     A  piece  of  wood  or  other  substance  kindled  and  partly 

burned;  a  dangerous  person. 
Flat.     A  shoal;  a  strand. 
Fly-trap.     A  trap  for  catching  flies. 
Goodwin  Sands.     Dangerous  shoals  about  five  miles  off  the  coast  of 

Kent,  England,  drifted  up  at  the  building  of  Tenterden  Steeple, 

and  so  reported  to  have  been  caused  by  it. 
Hornet's- nest.  A  figurative  expression  for  a  swarm  of  petty  troubles. 
Iron-bound  coast.     A  rocky  dangerous  coast. 

Latency.     The  condition  of  being  concealed;   hence,  hidden  danger. 
Maelstrom.     A  famous  whirlpool  off  the  coast  of  Norway;  hence,  any 

power  or  influence  that  ruins. 
Pitfall.     A  pit  partly  concealed  and  used  as  a  trap. 
Precipice.     A  very  steep  declivity;  hence,  a  dangerous  situation. 
Quicksands.     A  bed  of  sand  in  which  a  body  readily  sinks  of  its  own 

weight 
Reefs.     Chains  of  rocky  formation  in  the  ocean  lying  at  or  near  the 

water's  surface. 
Rocks.     That  which  causes  disaster  and  wreck,  as  reefs. 
Rocks  ahead.     Danger. 
Sands.     A  sand-bar;  a  shoal. 
Sandy  foundation.     A  place  of  insecure  footing. 
Shallows.     Waters  of  little  depth;  shoals. 
Shelf.     A  steep-sided  rock  or  sand-bar  in  a  body  of  water. 
Shoals.     Sand-banks  or  bars  in  shallow  water. 
Slippery  ground.     Ground  on  which  it  is  difficult  to  stand. 
Snags.     Any  hidden  obstacles. 

Snake  in  the  grass.     A  snake  in  hiding;  hence,  hidden  danger. 
Sunken  rocks.     Rocks  beneath  the  surface;  hidden  danger. 
Sword  of  Damocles.    Damocles's  sword  was  suspended  over  his  head 

by  a  single  hair;  hence,  threatening  peril. 
Trap.     Any  means  by  which  one  falls  into  danger  unawares. 
Trap-door.     A  concealed  door. 

Ugly  customer.     A  troublesome  or  dangerous  person. 
Volcano.     Typical  of  uncertain  and  extreme  peril. 
Washout.     Excavation  made  by  water. 
Wolf  at  the  door.     Figurative  expression  for  poverty  and  want. 

Pitfall — Phrases. 

Latet  anguis  in  hcrba  [L.].     A  snake  lies  hidden  in  the  grass.  [Virgil, 

Eclogues,  iii,  03.] 
he  chat  qui  dort  [F.].      The  sleeping  cat. 
Proximus  ardet  Ucalegon  [L.J.      [The  house  of  J  Ucalegon  burns  neat 

at  hand.     [Virgil,  Mneid,  ii,  3*2-] 


Find  refuge,  etc. 
Find  safety,  etc. 


Refuge —  Verbs 
f  To  be  free  from  danger. 


REFUGE— Verbs— Continued. 

Take  refuge.     T»  find  refuge  in  some  place. 

Throw  oneself  into  the  arms  of.     To  entrust  oneself  to  the  protec- 
tion of. 

Refuge — Phrases. 

Bibere  venerium  in  auro  (L.J      To  drink  poison  from  a  golden  cup. 
Valll  anchora  virtus  [L.i     Virtue  is  an  effectual  anchor. 


ref"-u-gee'.  One  who  flees.  Escape,  Quest-Evasion, 
Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

re-ful'-gence.     Splendor.     Light-Darkness. 

re-ful'-gent.     Shining.     Light-Darkness. 

re-fund'.     To  pay  back.     Settlement-Default. 

re-furb'-ish.  To  brighten  anew.  Preparation-Non- 
preparation. 

re-fu'-sal.  Act  of  refusing;  option.  Assertion-De- 
nial, Buying-Sale,  Choice-Neutrality,  Proffer- 
Refusal,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

ref'-use.        Worthless  stuff.       Increment-Remnant, 

USEFULNESS-USELESSNESS. 

re-fuse'.  To  decline.  Assertion-Denial,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Proffer-Refusal.  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance; refuse  assent,  Assent-Dissent, 
Proffer-Refusal;  refuse  to  associate  with,  Socia- 
bility-Privacy; refuse  to  believe,  Credulousness- 
Skepticism,  Faith-Misgiving;  refuse  to  hear,  Care- 
fulness-Carelessness. 


re-fused'.     Denied.     Proffer-Refusal. 

re-fu'-sing.     Denying.     Proffer-Refusal. 

re-fu'-ta-ble.  Capable  of  being  refuted.  Proof-Dis- 
proof. 

ref"-u-ta'-tion.  Disproof.  Evidence  -  Counterevi- 
dence,  Proof-Disproof. 

re-fute'.     To  disprove.     Proof-Disproof. 

re-gain'.  To  gain  again.  Gain-Loss;  regain  breath, 
Weariness-Refreshment. 

re'-gal.     Royal.     Rule-License. 

re-gale'.  Feast;  to  delight.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Nutriment-Excretion,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Sensuality-Suffering,  Weariness- 
Refreshment. 

re-gale'-ment.  Refreshment.  Nutriment  -  Excre- 
tion, Weariness-Refreshment. 

re-ga'-li-a.     Royal  insignia.     Scepter. 

re-gal'-i-ty.    Sovereignty.    Rule-License. 


REGARD. 


87-4 


REGARD— DISRESPECT. 


re-gard'.  Reference;  esteem.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Connection  -  Independence,  Decision  -  Misjudg- 
ment,  Heed-Disregard,  Love-Hate,  Regard-Dis- 
respect, Reputation-Discredit,  Sight-Blindness; 


have  regard  to,  Heed-Disregard;  merit  regard,  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance; pay  regard  to,  Faith- 
Misgiving,  Reputation- Discredit;  regard  as, 
Faith-Misgiving. 


REGARD  — DISRESPECT. 


Admiration.     Wonder  combined  with  approbation. 

Approbation.     Expression  of  approval  or  satisfaction  with. 

Attention.     An  act  of  courtesy  or  gallantry. 

Consideration.     Thoughtful  and  kindly  feeling  or  treatment. 

Courtesy,  etc.  Politeness  originating  in  kindliness  and  exercised 
habitually.     See  Politeness. 

Deference.  Respectful  yielding,  as  to  another's  opinion,  wishes,  or 
judgment. 

Devoirs  [P.]      Regards  or  respect. 

Devotion,  etc.  Strong  attachment  expressing  itself  in  earnest  ser- 
vice.    See  Godliness. 

Duty.     An  act  of  respect. 

Egards  [P.].     Regards;  respects. 

Esteem.     Favorable  opinion,  as  that  based  on  moral  worth. 

Estimation.     An  opinion  or  judgment  of  the  value  or  worth  ot. 

Fealty.     Devoted  fidelity. 

Homage.  Respect  exhibited  by  outward  action;  a  promise  to  be 
another's  man. 

Honor.  Consideration  due  or  paid  on  account  of  some  worth  or 
excellence 

Obsequiousness.  Slavish  submission.  See  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness. 

Regard.     Particular  attention  or  notice  from  a  feeling  of  interest. 

Regards.     Courteous  greeting  or  message. 

Respect.     A  just  regard  for  and  appreciation  of  the  worth  of  others. 

Respects.     Expression  of  consideration,  esteem,  or  compliment. 

Reverence.  A  feeling  of  profound  respect,  often  mingled  with  awe 
and  affection. 

Veneration.     The  highest  degree  of  respect  and  reverence. 

Regard — Associated  Nouns. 

Bow.  An  inclination  of  the  body  or  head  forward  and  downward, 
as  in  courtesy. 

Genuflexion.     A  bending  of  the  knee,  as  an  act  of  courtesy. 

Kneeling.     A  falling  on  the  knees. 

Kow-tow  [Chinese].  A  Chinese  form  of  obeisance  in  which  an  in- 
ferior kneels  and  touches  the  ground  with  his  forehead. 

Obeisance.     Bowing  or  bending  of  the  knee  in  courtesy. 

Presenting  arms.  Saluting  by  holding  weapons  perpendicularly  in 
front  of  the  body. 

Prostration.  The  act  of  casting  oneself  down  in  humility  or  rev- 
erence. 

Salaam.  An  Oriental  salutation  performed  by  bowing  the  head  and 
body  very  low,  with  the  palm  of  the  right  hand  on  the  forehead. 

Salute.  A  display  of  military,  naval,  or  other  official  honors  out  of 
respect  for  a  person,  a  nation,  a  day,  etc. 

Regard — Verbs. 

Awe.     To  impress  with  reverential  fear. 

Bear  respect  for.     To  hold  in  esteem;  honor. 

Bend  the  knee  to.     To  do  obeisance  to. 

Bow  to.     To  show  respect  for. 

Command  respect.     To  stand  high  in  public  estimation. 

Dazzle.     To  bewilder  or  charm,  as  with  brilliant  prospects. 

Defer  to.     To  submit  to  the  opinion  of  another,  or  to  authority. 

Do  homage  to.     To  treat  with  reverential  regard. 

Do  honor  to.     To  confer  distinction  upon. 

Do  the  honors.     To  act  as  host  or  hostess. 

Entertain  respect  for.     To  hold  in  the  mind  with  favor. 

Esteem,  etc.  To  regard  as  having  worth  or  excellence.  See  Ap- 
proval. 

Fall  down  before.     To  prostrate  oneself  in  worship. 

Hail.     To  give  greeting  to;  salute. 

Hallow.     To  honor  as  sacred. 

Holi  in  reverence.     To  worship;  venerate. 

Honor.     To  treat  with  deference  and  submission. 

Impose.     To  lay  hands  on,  as  in  confirmation. 

Inspire  respect.     To  call  forth  or  prompt  respect  for. 

Keep  one's  distance.     To  refrain  from  familiarity;   stand  aloof. 

Kiss  the  hem  of  one's  garment.  To  regard  with  the  greatest  rev- 
erence. 

Kneel  to.     To  make  obeisance;  worship. 

Look  up  to.     To  respect;   regard  with  deference. 

Hake  room.     To  open  a  space,  way,  or  passage. 

Observe  due  decorum.     To  treat  with  respect  or  attention. 

Overawe.     To  restrain  by  fear  or  by  superior  influence. 


Discourtesy.  Rudeness  of  behavior  or  language;  incivility.  See 
Politeness-Impolitbness. 

Disestimation.}  Lw&  °f  esteem;  inclination  to  dislike. 

Dishonor.     Want  or  loss  of  honor;  disgrace. 

Disparagement,  etc.     A  lessening  of  value  or  excellence.     See  Ad- 

ulation-Disparagement,  Approval-Disapproval. 
Disrespect.     Want  of  respect;  discourtesy. 
Irreverence.     Want  of  veneration  or  reverence. 
Vilipendency.     Disesteem. 

Disrespect— Nouns  of  Expression. 

Affront.     An  open  insult  or  indignity. 

Contumely.  An  act  or  statement  exhibiting  haughtiness  and  con- 
tempt. "  The  oppressor's  wrong,  the  proud  man's  contumely." 
[Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  III,  i.  J 

Derision.     Contempt  shown  by  laughter. 

Fling.     A  sarcastic  expression. 

Flout.     A  mocking  or  jeering. 

Gibe.     An  expression  of  sarcasm  and  ridicule. 

Gleek.     A  jesting  or  jeering. 

Hiss.     A  manifestation  of  contempt  and  disapproval. 

Hoot.     A  cry  uttered  in  derision. 

Indignity.     An  act  or  action  designed  to  abase. 

Insult.     An  expression  of  insolence  or  discourtesy. 

Irony,  etc.     Sarcasm.     See  Society-Derision. 

Irrision.     A  laughing  at  some  one. 

Jeer.     A  taunting  and  derisive  word  or  speech. 

Mockery.     A  speech  or  action  of  contempt  or  scorn. 

Neglect.     Omission  to  pay  due  attention  or  civility. 

Outrage.     A  gross  insult. 

Practical  joking.     Joking  involving  some  rude  action. 

Quip.     A  sarcastic  taunt  or  remark. 

Sarcasm.     A  scornful  or  taunting  expression. 

S     ffi*       |  An  expression  of  contempt,  mockery,  or  ridicule. 

Scurrility.     Low  or  vile  abusiveness. 

Sibilation.     A  hissing  sound,  uttered  in  contempt. 

Slap  in  the  face.     A  direct  rebuff  or  insult. 

Slight.     Any  contemptuous  or  neglectful  action. 

Sneer.     A  grimace  of  contempt  or  derision. 

Spretas  injuria  formes  [L.].     The  insult  of  slighted  beauty.     [Virgil, 

JEneid,  i,  27.] 
Superciliousness,    etc.     Conduct    or   action   showing   haughty   and 

careless  contempt;  raising  the  eyebrows.     See  Regard-Scorn. 
Taunt.     A  bitterly  sarcastic  speech  or  remark. 
Wipe.     A  sarcastic  remark. 

Disrespect — Verbs. 

Affront.     To  insult  openly;  treat  with  insolence. 

Be  discourteous,  etc.  To  be  impolite  or  rude.  See  Politeness-Im- 
politeness. 

Be  disrespectful,  etc.  To  be  wanting  in  respect;  be  uncivil.  See 
A  djectives. 

Bite  the  thumb.     To  make  a  gesture  of  contempt;  defy. 

Browbeat.     To  daunt  or  depress  by  haughty  and  stern  looks. 

Burlesque,  etc.  To  represent  mockingly  or  ludicrously.  See  Soci- 
ety-Derision. 

Call  names.     To  use  opprobrious  epithets  to. 

Deride.     To  make  the  object  of  mockery  or  ridicule. 

Desecrate.     To  divert  from  a  sacred  to  a  common  use 

Dishonor.     To  subject  to  indignities;  insult. 

Disparage,  etc.  To  speak  slightingly  of  one.  See  Approval-Dis 
approval. 

Disregard.     To  slight  as  unworthy  of  regard  or  notice. 

Drag  through  the  mud.     To  disgrace  one. 

Fleer.     To  jeer  at;  treat  disrespectfully. 

Fling  dirt.     To  make  sneering  remarks. 

Flout.     To  mock;  treat  with  contempt. 

Fool.     To  make  a  fool  of;  impose  upon. 

Gibe.     To  cast  reproaches  and  sneering  expressions  at. 

Gird.     To  lash  with  sneers  or  reproaches. 

Gleek.     To  banter;  jeer  at. 

Have  a  fling  at.     To  hurl  a  severe  or  contemptuous  remark. 

Have  in  derision.     To  regard  with  scorn. 

Hiss.     To  express  contempt  for  by  hissing. 


REGARD. 


875 


REGARD— SCORN. 


REGARD— DISRESPE  CT— Continued. 


REGARD— Verbs— Continued. 

Pay  attention  to.     To  be  courteous  to;  court. 

Pay  homage  to.  .  To  do  reverence  to. 

Pay  respect  to,  etc.     To  have  deferential  regard  for.     See  Nouns. 

Pay  tribute  to.     To  render  what  is  due  to  worth,  affection,  or  duty 

Present  arms.     To  show  a  soldier-like  respect. 

Prostrate  oneself.     To  bow  in  humble  reverence. 

Regard.     To  treat  as  something  of  peculiar  value,  sanctity,  or  tne 
like. 

Render  honor  to.     To  show  distinction  or  respect  toward. 

Respect.     To  view  or  consider  with  some  degree  of  reverence. 

Revere.     To  regard  with  worshipful  reverence. 

Reverence.     To  regard  with  respect  and  affection  mingled  with  fear. 

Salute.     To  accost  in  welcome  or  reverence. 

Show  courtesy,  etc.     To  treat  with  courtesy.     See  Politeness. 

Stand  upon  ceremony.     To  regard  formalities;   not  to  be  familiar  or 
bold. 

Think  much  of  it.     To  esteem  it  highly. 

Venerate.     To  regard  with  the  highest  degree  of  respect  and  rev- 
erence. 

Worship,  etc.     To  reverence  with  supreme  respect  and  veneration. 
See  Devotion. 

Regard — Adjectives. 

Bare-headed.     Uncovered  from  respect. 

Cap  in  hand.     Obsequiously;  submissively. 

Ceremonious.     Formally  respectful. 

Decorous.     Suitable  for  the  occasion;   becoming. 

Deferential .     Respectful . 

Emeritus   [L.].      Retired  from   active  service,  but  retained  in  an 

honorary  position. 
In  deference  to.     With  respectful  submission. 

In  high  esteem         j  R         ded  ^  having  worth  or  excellence. 

In  high  estimation.)        * 

Obsequious.     Promptly  obedient  or  submissive;  compliant. 

On  one's  knees.     Worshipful. 

Prostrate,  etc.     To  bow  in  humble  reverence.     See  Obsequiousness. 

Respected,  etc.     Looked  upon  with  respect.     See  Verbs. 

Respectful.     Marked  by  outward  civility;  courteous. 

Respecting,  etc.     Having  regard  for.     See  Verbs. 

Reverential.     Expressing  reverence. 

Saving  your  grace.      \  Excepting  those  present. 

Saving  your  presence.) 

Time-honored.     Observed  or  honored  from  former  times. 

Venerable.     Worthy  of  the  highest  respect. 

With  all  respect.  |  WHh  a  feeling  of  regard  or  attention;  re- 

With  due  respect.  V     soectfullv 

With  the  highest  respect.)      sPecWUJ,y- 

Re  g  a  rd — In  terjections . 

All  hail! 

Esto  perpetua   [L.].     Let  it  [the  country]  endure  forever.    [Black- 
stone,  I,  145-3 
Hail! 

May  your  shadow  never  be  less  I 
Salva  sit  reverentia  [L.J.     May  your  regard  be  preserved. 


DISRESPECT — Adjectives — Continued  fromColumn  2. 
Supercilious,  etc.    Exhibiting  haughty  contempt  or  indifference.  See 

Regard-Scorn. 
TJnenvied.     Exempt  from  the  envy  of  others. 
Unregarded.     Slighted,  deemed  unworthy  of  notice. 
TJnrespected.     Not  honored  or  esteemed. 
Unsaluted.     Not  greeted. 
Unworshiped.     Not  worshiped  or  adored. 

Disrespect—  Adverbs. 
Disrespectfully,  etc.     In  a  disrespectful  manner.     See  Adjectives. 


Hold  in  derision.     To  treat  scornfully. 

Hold  in  disrespect,  etc.     To  look  upon  contemptuously.     See  Re- 
gard-Scorn. 
Hoot.     To  cry  or  shout  in  contempt. 

Indulge  in  personalities.     To  give  free  course  to  personal  remarks. 
Insult.     To  treat  with  indignity  or  insolence. 
Jeer.     To  speak  in  a  deriding,  mocking  manner. 
Laugh  at.     To  make  fun  of. 

Laugh  in  one's  sleeve.     To  laugh  secretly,  or  so  as  not  to  be  ob- 
served. 
Laugh  to  scorn,  etc.     To  treat  with  mockery  and  contempt.     See 

Regard-Scorn. 
Lead  one  a  dance.     To  cause  to  follow  aimlessly. 
Make  a  fool  of.     To  render  ridiculous. 
Make  an  April  fool  of .     To  sportively  impose  upon  on  the  first  of 

April. 
Make  faces.     To  distort  the  countenance;  mock. 
Make  game  of.     To  make  sport  of;  mock. 
Make  mouths.     To  make  wry  faces,  as  in  derision. 
Misprize.     To  slight  or  undervalue. 
Mob.     To  attack  in  a  disorderly  crowd. 
Mock.     To  laugh  at;  mimic  in  contempt. 
Niggle.     Trifle  with;  mock. 

Outrage.     To  treat  with  violence;  do  violence  in  word*. 
Overlook.     To  fail  to  see  or  observe ;  slight. 
Pass  by.     To  disregard;  neglect. 
Play  a  practical  joke.     To  have  fun  with. 
Pluck  by  the  beard.     To  treat  rudely  or  discourteously. 
Point  at.     To  treat  with  scorn  by  directing  attention  to. 
Push  aside.     To  hasten  unceremoniously. 
Ridicule.     To  laugh  at  mockingly  or  disparagingly. 
Roast.     To  banter  severely. 

Run  the  rig  upon.     To  do  something  strange  and  unbecoming. 
Scoff.     To  treat  with  ridicule  or  contempt. 
Scout.     To  sneer  at;  reject  disdainfully. 
Set  at  naught.     To  treat  as  of  no  account. 
Set  down.     To  humiliate. 

Slight.     To  manifest  intentional  neglect  or  disregard  of 
Smoke.     To  ridicule  to  the  face;  quiz. 
Sneer.     To  speak  or  utter  with  grimace. 
Snigger.     To  laugh  slyly ;  laugh  in  one's  sleeve. 

Speak  slightingly  of.     To  converse  about  in  a  contemptuous  manner. 
Take  by  the  beard.     To  seize  in  contempt. 
Tar  and  feather.     To  smear  with  tar  and  cover  with  feathers,  as  a 

punishment  or  an  indignity. 
Taunt.     To  reproach  with  severe  or  insulting  words. 
Throw  dirt.     To  abuse  or  slander. 
Toss  in  a  blanket.     To  make  sport  of. 

Treat  with  disrespect,  etc.     To  act  contemptuously  toward. 
Trifle  with.     To  play  the  fool  with;  mock. 
Turn  into  ridicule.     To  make  the  subject  of  satirical  remark*. 
Turn  one's  back  upon.     To  treat  with  contempt;  slight. 
Twit.     To  annoy  by  reminding  of  something  unpleasant. 
Vilipend.     To  value  lightly;  slight. 

Disrespect — Adjectives. 

Aweless.     Void  of  respectful  fear. 

Contumelious.     Rude  and  sarcastic  in  speech. 

Derisive.     Mocking;  ridiculing. 

Disparaging,  etc.     Belittling.     See  Adulation-Disparagembnt. 

Disregarded.     Intentional  neglect. 

Disrespectful.     Wanting  in  respect. 

Insulting,  etc.     Conveying  an  insult.     See  Verbs. 

Irreverent.     Wanting  in  respect  to  superiors. 

Rude.     Characterized  by  rough  discourtesy;  impolite. 

Sarcastic.     Bitterly  ironical ;  taunting. 

Scurrile.     j  Grossly  offensive  or  vulgar. 

{Continued  on  Column  x.) 


REGARD— SCORN. 


Scorn. 

Byword.  A  phrase  person,  etc.,  that  has  become  an  object  of 
derision. 

Contempt.  The  feeling  with  which  one  regards  that  which  is 
esteemed  mean,  vile,  or  worthless. 

Contemptuousness,  etc.  Manifestation  of  contempt;  haughtiness; 
insolence.     See  Adjectives. 

Contumely.     Insulting  rudeness  in  speech  or  manner. 

Derision,  etc.  Contempt  shown  by  laughter.  See  Regard-Dis- 
respect 


Despiciency.     A  looking  down;  despection. 

Despisal.     A  despising;  contempt. 

Despisedness.     State  of  being  despised. 

Disdain.     A  blended  feeling  of  superiority  and  dislike;  proud  con* 

tempt. 
Scorn.     That  disdain    which  springs  from  the  opinion  of  the  uttef 

meanness  and  unworthiness  of  the  object. 
Scornful  eye.     A  look  expressing  scorn  or  disdain. 
Slight.     The  manifestation  of  a  moderate  degree  of  contempt,  as  by 

neglect  or  oversight. 


REGARD. 


876 


REGLE. 


REGARD—  SCORN—  Continued. 


Smile  of  contempt.     A  sneer. 

Sneer.     The  manifestation  of  contempt  by  turning  up  the  nose  or 

laughing  ironically. 
Sovereign  contempt.     The  utmost  contempt. 
Spurn.     Disdainful  rejection;  contemptuous  treatment. 
Vili pendency.     Slight;  disparagement. 

Scorn — Verbs. 

Care  nothing  for.     To  disregard. 

Contemn.     To  look  upon  as  mean  and  despicable. 

Curl  up  one's  lip.     To  express  dislike  for. 

Damn  with  faint  praise.     To  condemn  by  giving  only  slight  praise. 

[Pope.  Prologue  to  Satires,  201.] 

Despise      To  look  down  upon  with  scorn. 

Disdain      To  recoil  from  with  pride  or  scorn. 

Disregard.     To  neglect  to  take  notice  of;  slight. 

Esteem  of  small  or  no  account.     To  be  regarded  as  unworthy. 

Esteem  slightly.     To  look  upon  negligently. 

Feel  contempt  for.     To  despise. 

Fling  to  the  winds,  etc.     To  disregard.     See  Choice-Rejection. 

Flout.     To  treat  with  contempt;  jeer. 

Hiss.     To  express  contempt  by  hisses;  condemn  by  hissing. 

Hold  cheap.     To  regard  as  unworthy. 

--  . ,  .     ..  "  f  To  treat  as  mean,  vile,  or  worthless. 

Hold  in  disrespect  J 

Hold  up  to  scorn.     To  expose  to  ridicule. 

Hoot.     To  cry  or  shout  in  contempt. 

Kick.     To  show  hostility;  spurn. 

Laugh  at,  etc.  To  make  an  object  of  ridicule;  deride.  See  Regard- 
Disrespect. 

Laugh  in  one's  sleeve.  To  be  full  of  inward  merriment  while  out- 
wardly demure. 

Laugh  to  scorn.     To  treat  with  mockery  and  contempt. 

Look  down  upon.     To  treat  with  indifference  or  contempt. 

Make  light  of.     To  treat  as  of  little  consequence,  slight. 

Not  care  a  straw,  etc.     To  look  upon  as  a  mere  trifle.     See  Conse- 

QUBNCE-lNSIGNIPrCANCE. 

Rot  mind.     To  regard  as  of  no  consequence. 

Pass  D7,  etc.     To  slight.     See  Carefulness-Carelessness. 

Point  the  finger  of  scorn.     To  expose  to  ridicule  or  shame. 

Pooh-pooh.     To  treat  with  derision  or  contempt,  make  light  of. 

Scoff  at.     To  treat  with  insolent  scorn. 

Scorn.     To  treat  as  unworthy  or  contemptible. 

Scout.     To  rp;ect  disdainfully,  treat  with  contempt. 

Send  away  wiui  a  flea  in  the  ear.  To  despatch  with  an  unexpected 
reply  or  unwelcome  hint. 

Set  at  naught.     To  contemn;  despise. 

Set  no  more  by.     To  pay  no  attention  to. 

Shrug  one's  shoulders.  To  draw  up  the  shoulders  by  way  of  ex- 
pressing dislike,  etc. 


Slight.     To  omit  due  respect  for. 

Snap  one's  fingers  at.     To  express  scorn  for. 

Sneer  at.     To  utter  with  a  contemptuous  expression. 

Sneeze  at.     To  despise;  treat  lightly. 

Spurn.     To  treat  with  scornful  rejection. 

Take  no  account  of.     To  take  no  notice  of. 

Think  nothing  of.     To  regard  as  unworthy. 

Think  small  beer  of.     To  hold  in  contempt. 

Toss  the  head.     To  throw  up  the  head  in  contempt. 

Trailer  de  haul  en  bas  [F.J.  To  drag  down  in  estimation;  treat 
with  contempt. 

Trample  under  foot.)  —    -       .     .,, 

Trample  upon.  /  To  treat  w,th  ^tempt. 

Tread  upon.     To  set  the  foot  on  in  contempt. 

Turn  a  cold  shoulder  upon.)  Tq     .^  m  di  d 

Turn  one  s  back  upon.         J 

Turn  up  one's  nose  at.     To  express  contempt  for. 

Underestimate,  etc.  To  set  too  low  a  value  on.  See  Overvalua- 
tion-Undervaluation. 

View  with  a  scornful  eye.     To  express  scorn  for. 

Whistle  at.     To  regard  as  unworthy. 

Scorn — A  djectives. 

Bumptious.     Full  of  offensive  self-conceit. 

Cavalier.     Haughty;  slighting;  supercilious. 

Contemptible.     Worthy  of  scorn  or  disdain. 

Contemptuous.     Showing  contempt  or  disdain. 

Contumelious.     Haughtily  reproachful,  insolent. 

Cynical.     Snarling,  having  the  qualities  of  a  surly  dog. 

Derisive.     Mocking;  ridiculing. 

Despicable.     That  should  be  despised .  contemptible. 

Despised,  etc.     Considered  as  mean  or  worthless.     See  Vtrbs. 

Disdainful.     Full  of  disdain ;  scornful. 

Downtrodden.     Abused  by  superior  power;  treated  with  contempt. 

Haughty.     Proud  and  disdainful. 

Pitiable.      1  Contemptible;  paltry.     See     Consequence-Insignifi- 

Pitiful,  etc./      cance. 

Scornful.     Full  of  scorn  or  contempt. 

Supercilious.     Overbearing,  arrogant. 

Unenvied.     Contemptible. 

Withering.     Blighting. 

Scorn — -Adverbs. 

Contemptuously,  etc.     With  scorn  or  disdain.     See  A dje ctivts. 

Scorn — Interjections. 

A  fig  for,  etc.  See  Consequence-Insignificance;  away  with  I  hab 
fiddle-de-dee  I  hang  it  1  never  mind  1 


re-gard'-ful.  Having  regard.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Heed-Disregard. 

re-gardMess.  Lacking  regard.  Heed-Disregard,  Sen- 
sitiveness-Apathy. 

re-gards'.  Esteem.  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Re- 
gard-Disrespect. 

re-gat'-ta.  Boat-race.  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Strife-Peace. 

re'-ge-late.  To  unite  by  freezing  again.  Heating- 
Cooling. 

regent  aut  fatuum  nasci  oporiet,  aut  [L.]  (ri'-jem  aut 
fat'-yu-um  nas'-sai  op-or'-tet,  aut).  It  behooves  one 
to  be  born  either  king  or  fool.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

re'-gen-cy.  Government  of  a  regent.  Commission- 
Abrogation. 

re-gen'-er-a-cy.  Regeneration.  Renovation -Re- 
lapse. 

re-gen'-er-ate.  To  reproduce;  reformed.  Godliness- 
Ungodliness,  Renewal,  Renovation-Relapse. 

re-gen'-er-a"-ted.  Born  again.  Godliness-Ungod- 
liness. 

re-gen"-er-a'-tion.  State  of  being  regenerated.  Di- 
vinity, Godliness-Ungodliness,  Renewal,  Reno- 
vation-Relapse; baptismal  regeneration,  Ceremo- 
nial. 

re-gen'-e-sis.  Renewal.  Renewal,  Renovation-Re- 
lapse 


re'-gent.  A  kind  of  ruler.  Chief-Underling,  Presi- 
dent-Member, Representative. 

re'-gent-ship.  The  office  of  a  regent.  Commission- 
Abrogation. 

regibus  esse  manus,  an  nescis  lemgas  [L.]  (rej'-i-bus 
es'-si  m6'-nus,  an  nes'-sis  lon'-gas).  Do  you  not 
know  that  kings  have  far-reaching  hands  ?  Rule- 
License. 

reg'-i-cide.    Killing  of  a  king.    Life-Killing. 

rf''-gime'.  Government.  Condition-Situation,  Con- 
duct, Rule-License. 

reg'-i-men.  Diet.  Nutriment-Excretion,  Remedy- 
Bane. 

reg'-i-ment.     Body  of  soldiers.     Belligerent,  Gath 
ering-Scattering. 

reg"-i-men'-tals.    Uniform.    Dress-Undress. 

re'-gion.     District.     Extension-District. 

reg'-is-ter.  Record.  Chronology -Anachronism, 
Mark-Obliteration,  Organization  -  Disorganiza- 
tion,  Record,  Recorder. 

reg'-is-trar.     Recorder.     Recorder. 

reg'-is-tra-ry.    A  registrar.    Recorder. 

reg"-is-tra'-tion.      Enrolment.      Mark-Obliteration. 

reg'-is-try.  A  register.  Chronology -Anachronism, 
Mark-Obliteration. 

regie,  en  [F.]  (regl.cnv).  According  to  rule.  Dueness- 
Undueness. 


REGLET. 


877 


REGULARITY— IRREGULARITY. 


rag'-let.  A  strip  used  for  making  space  between  lines  in 
printing.     Whiting-Printing. 

reg'-nant.  Reigning.  Dominance-Impotence,  Rule- 
License. 

regni,  anno  [L.]  (reg'-nai,  an'-no).  In  the  year  of  the 
reign.     Duration-Neverness. 

re-gorge'.    To  vomit.    Taking-Restitution. 

re-grade'.    To  deteriorate.    Advance-Retrogression. 

re-grate'.    To  buy  extensively.    Holding-Exemption. 

re-gra'-tor.     Huckster.     Dealer. 

re'-gress.    A  turning  back.    Advance-Retrogression. 

re-gres'-sion.  Backward  movement.  Advance-Ret- 
rogression, Conversion-Reversion. 

re-gress'-ive.     Returning.     Advance-Retrogression. 

re-gret'.  Sorrow.  Contentedness-Discontented- 
ness,  Contentedness-Regret,  Repentance-Ob- 
duracy. 

re-gret'-ful.    Causing  regret.    Contentedness-Discon- 

TENTEDNESS,  CoNTENTEDNESS-ReGRET,  DISCONTENT- 
MENT. 


re-gret'-ta-ble.  Causing  regret.  Contentedness-Re- 
gret. 

re-gret'-ted.  Sorry  for.  To  be  regretted,  Contented- 
ness-Regret. 

re-gret'-ting.    Sorrowing.    Contentedness-Regret. 

re-growth'.  New  growth.  Renewal,  Renovation- 
Relapse. 

re-guer'-don.    To  reward.    Recompense-Punitiow. 

reg'-u-lar.  Uniform.  Conventionality-Unconven- 
tionality,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Habit-Desue- 
tude, Nature-Art,  Organization-Disorganiza- 
tion, Periodicity-Irregularity,  Proportion-De- 
formity, Regularity-Irregularity,  Uniformity- 
Multiformity;  by  regular  intervals,  Regularity- 
Irregularity;  regular  return,  Periodicity-Irregu- 
larity. 

reg"-u-lar'-i-ty.  Evenness.  Nature-Art,  Periodic- 
ity-Irregularity, Regularity-Irregularity,  Uni- 
formity-Diversity, Uniformity-Multiformity. 


REGULARITY— IRREGULARITY. 


Arrangement.     The  state  of  being  in  definite  or  proper  order. 

Array.     Proper  or  regular  arrangements. 

Course.     The  state  of  being  in  regular  sequence. 

Discipline.     Systematic  training  or  subjection  to  authority. 

Disposition.     The  act  of  arranging  or  ordering. 

Economy.     The  practical  adjustment  or  organization  of  affairs,  etc. 

Even  tenor.     A  regular  course  or  manner  of  progress. 

Gradation.     Orderly  or  continuous  succession  or  arrangement. 

Lucidus  ordo  [L.J.     Lucid  arrangement. 

Method.     A  general  and  established  way  or  proceeding. 

Music  of  the  spheres.  A  harmony  produced  by  the  movements  of  the 
heavenly  bodies,  audible  to  the  gods  only.  "  There's  not  the 
smallest  orb  which  thou  behold'st,  but  in  his  motion  like  an  angel 
sings."     [Shakespeare,  Merchant  of  Venice,  V,  i .] 

Order.     Arrangement  according  to  some  definite  method. 

Orderliness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  in  order.     See  Adjectives. 

Place,  etc.     Position  in  relative  order.     See  Station. 

Progression.     A  proceeding  in  course  or  order. 

Rank.     A  series  of  objects  arranged  in  a  line  or  row. 

Regularity.     The  state  of  being  according  to  rule. 

Routine.     A  detailed  method  of  procedure. 

Series,  etc.  The  state  of  being  arranged  in  a  given  order.  See  Con- 
tinuity. 

Subordination.     Habitual  submission  to  an  authority. 

Symmetry.  Due  arrangement  or  balancing  of  the  parts  or  elements 
of  a  whole. 

System.     Arrangement  in  orderly  combination. 

Uniformity.     Sameness;  regularity. 

Regularity — Verbs. 
Arrange  itself.     To  come  into  an  orderly  state. 
Become  in  order.  )T    ,     .  .  „       .... 

Be  in  order  J  lo  be  in  succession.     See  AdjectttMS. 

Draw  up.     Lo  put  in  array. 

Fall  in.     To  come  into  order,  as  a  soldier  falls  into  line. 

Fall  into  one's  place. '  ...        ...  .  . 

Fall  into  rank.  /  To  get  lnto  a  regular  order- 

Form.     To  mold;  put  in  definite  regular  form. 

Place  itself.     To  arrange,  or  fall  into  position. 

Rally  round.     To  arrange  around. 

Range  itself.         \ 

Take  one's  place.  >To  take  one's  place  in  a  regular  order. 

Take  rank.  ) 

Regularity — Adjectives. 
Arranged*  etc.     According  to  some  definite  order.     See  Organiza- 
tion. 
Businesslike.     Prompt  and  orderly. 
Correct.     Exact;   perfectly  in  order. 
En  regie  [F.J.     In  order. 
In  apple-pie  order.     In  perfect  order 
In  its  proper  place.)  T  , 

In  order  J  In  regular  arrangement. 

In  trim.     In  order. 

Methodical.     According  to  method;   orderly 

Neat .     Well -arranged . 

Orderly.     Having  care  for  arrangement  and  method. 

Regular.     According  to  rule. 

Shipshape.     Well-arranged;  in  good  order. 


Complexity.  1  The  state  or  quality  of  being  complex.     See  Ad* 

Coxnplexness*  etc./      jectives. 

Complication.     The  act,  process,  or  result  of  being  complicated. 

Concordia  discors  [L.J.     Discordant  harmony  and   wit.      [Horace, 
Epistles,  I,  xii,  19.] 

Confusedness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  confused.     See  Adjectives. 

Confusion.     A  disorderly  mixture. 

Convulsion.     An  irregular  and  violent  commotion. 

Derangement,  etc.     Disorder;  confusion.     See  Organization. 

Disarray.     Loss  of  regular  order. 

Discord.     Variance  or  strife  due  to  lack  of  agreement.     See  Har- 
mony-Discord. 

Disturbance.     A  disordered  condition. 

Disunion.     A  condition  of  disagreement. 

Embroilment.     Disturbance;  strife. 

Entanglement.     The  state  of  being  entangled. 
.  Ferment.     Excitement  or  agitation.     See  Agitation. 

Huddle.     A  confused  crowd  or  collection. 

Implication.     An  entanglement. 

Intricacy.     The  quality  of  being  entangled  or  perplexed. 

Intrication.     Entanglement. 

Involution.     The  state  of  being  involved  or  rolled  up. 

Irregularity.     Lack  of  conformity,  rule,  or  method. 

Jumble.     Disorder. 

Litter.     A  state  of  disorder. 

Lumber.     Piled  up  or  disordered. 

Here  mixture.     A  collection  of  things  without  connection. 

Mess.     A  state  of  disorder. 

Muddle.     A  mixed  or  confused  condition. 

Network.     An  entanglement. 

Omnium  gatherum  [L.J.     A  mixture  of  all  things. 

Perplexity.     The  quality  of  being  intricate  or  complicated. 

Pother.     An  excitement  mingled  with  confusion. 

Pudder.     Pother. 

Raveling.     An  entanglement. 

Riot.     A  tumultuous  disturbance  of  the  public  peace. 

Row.     A  noisy  quarrel. 

Rudis  indigestaque  moles  [L.J.     A  rude   undigested  mass.     [Ovid, 
Metamorphoses,  i,  7. J 

Rumpus.     A  row. 

Saturnalia.     A  season  of  general  license  and  revelry. 

Scramble.     Any  disorderly  performance. 

Slattern.     A  woman,  negligent  and  slovenly  in  dress. 

Sleave.     Knotted  or  matted  silk. 

Slut.     A  slovenly  woman. 

Stour.     A  battle  or  conflict.  , 

To-do.     Confusion  or  bustle. 

Trouble.     A  state  of  distress  or  perplexity. 

Tumult.     The  commotion,  disturbance,  or  agitation  of  a  multitude 

Turmoil.     Confused  motion. 

Untidiness,  etc.     State  of  being  untidy.     See  Adjectives. 

Uproar.     Violent  disturbance  and  clamor. 

Whirlwind.     A  violent  wind-storm.     See  River-Wind, 

Wilderness.     A  growth  of  rank  and  wild  vegetation. 

Irregularity — Denotations, 
Anarchism.     The  theory  that  teaches  a  state  of  political  and 

confusion . 
Anarchy.     Absence  or  utter  disregard  of  government. 


REGULARITY. 


878 


REGURGITATE. 


REGULARITY— IRREGULARITY— Continued. 


REG  ULARITY—  Adjectives— Continued. 

Symmetrical.     Well-ordered;  in  due  balancing  arrangement. 

Systematic.     Pertaining  to  orderly  combination  or  arrangement. 

Tidy.     Neat;  well-arranged. 

Unconfused,  etc.     Not  disordered.     See  Organization. 

Uniform.     Harmonious;  well-ordered. 

Well-regulated.     Well-ordered. 

Regularity — Adverbs,  etc. 
At  stated  periods,  etc.     In  due  recurrent  order;    periodically.     See 

Periodicity. 
By  clockwork.     Regularly. 
By  regular  gradations.  ] 
By  regular  intervals. 
By  regular  stages. 
By  regular  steps.  J 

Gradatim  [L.].     Step  by  step. 
In  its  turn.     Successively. 
In  order.     Regularly. 
In  turn.     Successively. 

Methodically,  etc.     In  an  orderly  manner.     See  Adjectives. 
Seriatim  [L.l.l  T         , 
Step  by  step.  /Inorder- 

Regularity — Phrases. 
Natura  non  facit  saltum  [L.].     Nature  makes  no  leaps.     [Leibnitz.] 


■  According  to  some  plan  or  arrangement. 


IRREGULARITY— Adjectives— Continued  from  Column  2. 

Inextricable.     Involved  in  such  a  manner  as  to  make  disentangle- 
ment difficult. 
Intricate.     Complicated;  complex. 
Involved.     Intricate;  entangled. 

Irreducible.     Not  to  be  restored  to  normal  order  or  condition. 
Irregular.     Out  of  order. 

Knotted.     Difficult  to  loosen;  intricately  intertwined. 
Orderless.     Out  of  order;  confused;  disordered. 
Out  of  gear. 


Irregular. 


Out  of  joint. 

Out  of  order. 

Out  of  place. 

Out  of  sorts.     Ill-humored;  indisposed. 

Perplexed.     Confused;  complicated;  difficult  to  unravel. 

Promiscuous.     Consisting  of  parts  confusedly  mingled. 

Raveled.     Intricately  and  confusedly  involved. 

Riotous,  etc.  Pertaining  to  turbulent  and  boisterous  conduct.  See 
Turbulence. 

Shapeless,  etc.     Chaotic;  formless.     See  Form. 

Slovenly.     Disorderly  in  dress. 

Straggling.     Striving;  struggling. 

Tangled.     Intertwined  in  a  ocnfused  mass. 

Topsy-turvy,  etc.  Disordered;  confused;  upside  down.  See  Re- 
versal. 

Troublous.     Tumultuous. 

Unarranged,  etc.     Disordered.     See  Organization. 

Unmethodical.     Without  method. 

Unsymmetric.     Out  of  harmonious  proportion. 

Unsystematic.     Out  of  orderly  arrangement  and  combination. 

Untidy.     Lacking  tidiness. 

Irregularity — Adverbs,  etc. 
At  cross-purposes.     In  an  antagonistic  manner. 
At  sixes  and  sevens.      In  confusion  and  disorder. 
By  fits  and  snatches.      Disjoin tedly. 
By  starts.     Irregularly, 

Harum-scarum.     In  extreme  disorder  and  confusion. 
Helter-skelter.     With  disorderly  hast£. 
Higgledy-piggledy.     In  a  confused  or  disordered  state. 
In  a  ferment.     In  a  state  of  confusion  or  uproar. 
Irregularly,  etc.     In  a  confused  manner.     See  Adjectives. 
Pell-mell.     Confusedly;  helter-skelter. 
Upside  down,  etc.     Topsy-turvy.     See  Reversal. 
Irregularity — Phrases. 

Chaos  is  come  again.     Original  confusion  has  come  again. 
Hysteron  proteron  [Gr.].     The  last  first. 
The  cart  before  the  horse.     In  reverse  order. 


IRREGULARITY—  Denotations— Continued. 

Anomaly,  etc.  Anything  .that  deviates  from  a  rule,  type,  or  form. 
See  Conventionality. 

Babel.  The  tower  during  the  building  of  which  occurred  the  con- 
fusion of  tongues. 

Cahotage  [F.].     The  jolting  of  a  carriage. 

Chaos.     The  first  state  of  the  universe. 

Disjecta  membra  [L.].     Scattered  parts.      [Horace,  Satires,  I,  iv,  62.] 

Farrago.     A  confused  mixture. 

Fracas.     A  noisy  confused  tumult. 

Hash.     A  mixture  made  up  of  material  used  before. 

Hodge-podge,  l  »  •  e 

Hotch-pot         >      commixture  of    property  to  secure  an  equitable 

Hotch-potch.  J      division:   any  confused  mixture. 

Imbroglio.     A  troublesome  complication  of  affairs. 

Jungle.     A  tangled  or  impenetrable  swamp. 

Knot.     An  intertwining  of  the  parts  of  one  or  more  ropes,  cords,  etc 

Labyrinth.     A  place  full  of  windings. 

Mash.     A  mass  of  something  beaten  into  a  soft  state. 

Medley.     A  composition  of  different  songs  or  parts  of  songs. 

Melie  [F.].     A  confused  fight. 

Irregularity — Figurative  Nouns. 

All  the  fat  in  the  fire.  A  foolish  step  that  has  been  taken  from  which 
results  must  follow. 

Bear-garden.     A  place  of  disorder  and  tumult. 

Bedlam  broke  loose.     A  scene  of  uproar  and  wild  madness. 

Bull  in  a  china  shop.     A  state  of  great  confusion. 

Confusion  worse  confounded.     The  greatest  confusion. 

Devil  to  pay.     Serious  or  unforeseen  perplexity. 

Diable  a  quaire  [F.].     The  very  devil. 

Donnybrook  Fair.  A  village  in  Ireland  noted  for  its  good-natured 
'rioting  at  the  annual  fair  held  there. 

Fortuitous  concourse  of  atoms.  Accidental  and  unexpected  com- 
bination of  atom*,. 

Gordian  knot.  The  knot  tied  by  Gordius  and  severed  by  Alexander 
the  Great  to  win  Asia;  any  perplexing  tangle. 

Hell  broke  loose.     Great  confusion. 

Most  admired  disorder.     The  greatest  confusion. 

Pretty  kettle  of  fish.     A  confused  and  disordered  state  of  affairs. 

Pretty  piece  of  business.  An  ironical  way  of  saying  a  poor  or  con- 
fused work. 

Pretty  piece  of  work.     A  confusion. 

Rough  and  tumble.     A  confused  or  disordered  state. 

Spill  and  pelt.     A  tumbling  and  rolling  together. 

Tangled  skein.  A  very  confused  and  disordered  mass,  like  a  tangled 
skein  of  silk. 

Wheels  within  wheels.     A  complication  of  circumstances. 

Irregularity — Verbs. 
Be  disorderly,  etc.     To  be  confused.     See  Adjectives. 
Derange,  etc.     To  put  in  disorder.     See  Organization. 
Ferment.     To  stir;  agitate. 

Play  at  cross-purposes.     To  work  with  conflicting  purposes. 
Put  out  of  order.     To  confuse. 

Ravel,  etc.     To  become  diffused;  disordered.     See  Crossing. 
Ruffle.     To  make  disordered. 
Rumple.     To  ruffle;  wrinkle. 

Irregularity — Adjectives. 
Anarchical.     Lawless;  confused;  disordered. 
Anomalous,  etc.     Irregular;    out  of  regular  matter.     See  Conven- 

tionality. 
Chaotic.     Like  chaos;  disordered;  jumbled. 
Complex.     Consisting  of  various  parts;  involved. 
Complexed.     Confused. 
Complicated.     Woven  together. 
Confused.     Disordered;  indiscriminately  mixed. 
Deranged,  etc.     Put  out  of  order.     See  Organization 
Desultory.     Incoherent;   not  connected. 
Disjointed.     Out  of  proper  order  or  sequence. 
Dislocated.     Disordered. 

Disorderly.     Out  of  the  normal  or  regular  way. 
Entangled.     Confused  so  as  to  make  extrication  difficult. 
Immethodical.     Out  of  order. 
Indiscriminate.     Confused;  mingled. 

(Continued  on  Column  1.) 


reg'-u-lars.     Standing  army.      Belligerent. 
reg'-u-late.    To  control.    Harmony-Discord,  Manage- 
ment, Organization-Disorganization. 


reg"-u-la'-tion.     Rule.     Law-Lawlessness.  Precept. 
re-gur'-gi-tate .    To  pour  back.    Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, River-Wind,  Taking-Restitution. 


REGURGITATION. 


879 


RELATIONSHIP. 


re-gur"-gi-ta'-tion.  A  rushing  back.  Advance-Retro- 
gression, River-Wind. 

re"-ha-bil'-i-tate .  To  restore  Renovation-Relapse, 
Taking-Restitution. 

re"-ha-bil"-i-ta'-tion.  Reinstatement.  Renovation- 
Relapse,  Taking-Restitution. 

re-hears'-al.  A  recital.  Account,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation,  Recurrence. 

re-hearse'.  To  repeat.  Account,  Acting,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation,  Recurrence-Trial. 

Reichs'-rath"  [G.].  Assembly.     Council. 

reign.  Rule.  Dominance-Impotence,  Pleasure- 
Pain,  Rule-License;  reign  of  terror,  Harshness- 
Mildness,  Sanguineness-Timidity,  Tyranny-An- 
archy. 

re"-im-burse'.  To  repay.  Settlement-Default, 
Taking-Restitution. 

re'-im-burse'-ment.  Repayment.  Settlement-De- 
fault. 

rein.  Check.  Connective,  Release-Prison;  rein  in, 
Release-Restraint,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

rein'-deer".     Kind  of  deer.    Conveyer. 

re  infecia  [L.]  (ri  in-fect-'ta) .  The  business  being  un- 
finished. Bravery -Cowardice,  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming. 

rein'-less.     Uncontrolled.     Rule-License. 

reins.  Control.  Guard-Prisoner,  Management, 
Scepter;  give  reins  to  the  imagination,  Fancy;  give 
the  reins  to,  Difficulty-Facility,  Rule-License; 
hold  the  reins,  Management;  take  the  reins,  Man- 
agement, Rule-License. 

re"-in-stalT.  To  install  again.  Renovation-Re- 
lapse. 

re"-in-state'.    To  restore.    Renovation-Relapse. 

re"-in-state'-ment'.  Reestablishment.  Renovation- 
Relapse. 

re"-in-vest'.     To  invest  again.     Taking-Restitution. 

re"-in-vest'-ment.  A  second  occupation.  Taking- 
Restitution. 

re"-in-vig'-or-ate.  To  revive.  Renovation-Relapse, 
Weariness-Refreshment. 

Reis  Effendi.  Chancellor  of  Turkish  Empire.  Man- 
ager. 

Reise  gluckliche  [G.]  (rai'-se  gluk'-liH-e) .  Prosperous 
journey  to  you.     Arrival-Departure. 

re-it'-er-ate.    To  repeat.    Recurrence. 

re-it"-er-a'-tion.    Repetition.    Recurrence. 

re-ject'.  To  refuse.  Admission-Expulsion,  Choice- 
Rejection,  Inclusion  -  Omission,  Proffer -Re- 
fusal. 

re"-jec-ta'-ne-ous.     Rejected.     Choice-Rejection. 

r#-ject'-ed.  Excluded.  Choice-Rejection,  Love- 
Hate,  Proffer-Refusal. 

re  jec'-tion.  Act  of  rejecting.  Admission-Expulsion, 
Choice-Rejection,  Inclusion-Omission,  Quest- 
Evasion. 

re"-jec-ti'-tious .  Deserving  rejection.  Choice-Rejec- 
tion. 

re-joice'.  To  be  glad.  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Jubilation-Lamentation;  rejoice  in,  Pleasure- 
Pain;  rejoice  in  the  name  of,  Name-Misnomer;  re- 
joice the  heart,  Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

re-joi'-cing.  Feeling  glad.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Jubilation-Lamentation,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection. 

re-join'.  To  reunite.  Arrival-Departure,  Gather- 
ing-Scattering, Investigation-Answer. 

re-join'-der.  Reply.  Investigation-Answer,  Liti- 
gation. 

re-ju"-ve-nes'-cence .  Renewal  of  youth.  Renova- 
tion-Relapse. 

re-kin'-dle.  To  kindle  again.  Excitation,  Heating- 
Cooling. 


re-lapse'.  Return  to  a  former  state.  Conversion- 
Reversion,  Renovation-Relapse. 

re-late'.  To  tell;  to  refer.  Account,  Connection- 
Independence. 

re-la'-ted.     Akin.     Relationship. 

re-la'-tion.  Kinship;  account.  Account,  Relation- 
ship. 

re-la'-tion-ship.     Connection.     Relationship. 

RELATIONSHIP. 

Affiliation.     Intimate  association. 

Agnation.     Relationship  through  male  lines  only. 

Alliance.     Matrimonial  connection  between  families.  ' 

Aunt.  The  sister  of  one's  father  or  mother;  also,  the  wife  of  one's 
uncle. 

Blood.     Relationship  because  of  descent  from  a  common  ancestor. 

Brother.     A  son  having  common  parents  with  another  or  others. 

Brotherhood.     The  state  of  being  sons  of  the  same  parents. 

Connection.     A  distant  kindred  tie  resulting  from  matrimony. 

Consanguinity.     Relationship  proceeding  from  a  common  ancestry. 

Cousin.  One,  not  a  brother  or  sister,  yet  related  by  reason  of  com- 
mon ancestry,  such  as  the  child  of  one's  uncle  and  aunt. 

Cousin  german.     A  first  or  full  cousin. 

Cousinhood.     The  state  of  being  cousins. 

Cousin,  once  removed.      A  first  cousin's  child;  a  second  cousin. 

Cousin,  twice  removed.     A  first  cousin's  grandchild. 

Distant  relation.     One  whose  connection  is  far  removed. 

Enate.     Relative  on  the  mother's  side. 

Family.     A  group  of  persons  connected  by  some  sign  of  kinship. 

Family-connection.     Relationship  through  the  same  family. 

Family-tie.     The  sign  of  one's  relation  to  his  family. 

Filiation.     A  child's  relation  to  its  parents. 

First  cousin.     The  child  of  one's  uncle  or  aunt. 

Fraternity.     The  state  of  brotherhood. 

Generation.     The  people  descended  from  a  common  ancestor. 

Kindred.     Relationship  by  common  origin. 

Kinsfolk.     Persons  who  have  common  family  ties. 

Kinsman.     One  of  the  same  family. 

Kith  and  kin.     Friends  and  relatives. 

Lineage.     Consanguine  descent  from  a  common  progenitor. 

Wear  relation.     One  closely  related. 

Nephew.     A  brother's  or  sister's  son. 

Nepotism.     Excessive  attachment  to  relatives,  causing  favoritism. 

Next  of  kin.     The  nearest  relative. 

Niece.     A  brother's  or  sister's  daughter. 

One's  own  flesh  and  blood.     Children. 

Parentage.     The  relation  of  parent  to  offspring. 

Paternity.     The  state  of  being  a  father. 

Race.     The  descendants  of  a  common  ancestor. 

Relation.     One  connected  by  blood  or  marriage. 

Relationship.     The  state  of  being  related. 

Relative.     Same  as  relation. 

Second  cousin.     The  child  of  a  first  cousin. 

Sept,  etc.     A  group  of  related  persons.     See  Parentage. 

Sib.     One  related  by  blood. 

Side.  Ancestry  through  one  parent  as  distinguished  from  that  traced 
through  another. 

Sister.     A  daughter  having  parents  common  to  another  or  others. 

Sisterhood.     The  state  of  being  sisters. 

Stirps.     A  family  of  common  descent. 

Stock.     A  series  of  descendants  of  the  same  ancestor. 

Ties  of  blood.     Relationship. 

Uncle.     The  brother  of  one's  father  or  mother,  or  an  aunt's  husband. 

Relationship — Verbs. 


To  be  a  relative  of.     See  Adjectives. 


Be  akin  to. 

Be  consanguineous  to. 

Be  related  to. 

To  claim  kindred  with.       \  To  claim  descent  from  the  same  ances- 

To  claim  relationship  with.)       tor.     See  Nouns 

Relationship — Adjectives. 

Affiliated.     Intimately  associated. 
Agnate.     Having  the  same  male  ancestor. 
Akin.     Of  the  same  family. 
Allied.     Bound  by  common  family  ties. 


Closely  allied. 


Closely  connected  by  blood  or  marriage. 


Closely  related.  J 

Cognate.     Having  common  blood. 

Collateral.     Indirectly  descended  from  the  same  ancestor. 

Consanguineous.     Lineally  descended  from  a  common  ancestor. 

Distantly  allied,     j  emu*.,*;,!  by  blood  or  marriage. 
Distantly  related.  > 


RELATIONSHIP. 


880 


RELEASE— RESTRAINT. 


Family.     Of  or  pertaining  to  the  family. 

Fraternal .     Brotherly 

German.     Related  as  sisters  and  brothers. 

Intimately  related.}  Closely  connected  by  blood  or  marriage. 

Kindred.     Of  the  same  family. 

Nearly  allied.    I  r»f  *      -, 

Nearly  related./ 0fonefarmly- 

Of  the  blood.     Related. 

Related.     Connected  by  blood  or  marriage. 

Remotely  allied.    \  ,-.,  .,  ,      ..   * 

Remotely  related.)  °f  the  same  faimly' 

rel'-a-tive.  Pertaining;  a  kinsman.  Connection- 
Independence,  Relationship. 

rel'-a-tive-ly.  In  a  relative  manner.  Comparison, 
Connection-Independence. 

re-la'-tor.  Accuser.  Account,    Justification- 

Charge. 

re-lax'.     To  diminish  tension  or  severity;    to  repose. 


Activity-Indolence,  Cohesion-Looseness,  Com- 
passion -  Ruthlessness,  Dueness  -  Undueness, 
Hardness-Softness,  Release-Restraint,  Rule- 
License,  Strength-Weakness,  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness, Toil-Relaxation  ;  relax  one's  efforts,  Action- 
Passiveness;  relax  the  mind,  Reflection-Vacancy. 

re"-lax-a'-tion.  Diversion;  remission  of  rigor.  Activ- 
ity-Indolence, Cohesion-Looseness,  Duty-Dere- 
liction, Entertainment  -  Weariness,  Rule-Li^ 
cense,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

re-laxed'.  Loose.  Cohesion-Looseness,  Rule- 
License,  Strength-Weakness. 

re-lay'.     Supply.     Materials,  Store. 

re-lease'.  To  free  in  any  sense.  Duty-Immunity, 
Engagement-Release,  Exculpation-Conviction, 
Leave-Prohibition,  Life-Death,  Pardon-Vindio 
tiveness,  Release-Restraint,  Security,  Settle- 
ment -  Default,  Taking  -  Restitution  ;  deed  ol 
release,  Fighting-Conciliation. 


RELEASE— RESTRAINT. 


Absolution.  An  acquittal;  a  declaration  that  an  accused  person 
is  innocent. 

Acquittal,  etc.  A  deliverance  from  u  charge;  release.  See  Exculpa- 
tion. 

Acquittance.     The  act  of  discharging  from  a  debt. 

Affranchisement.  The  act  of  liberating  from  servitude  or  depend- 
ence. 

Deliverance,  etc.     The  act  of  freeing  from  restraint.     See  Rescue. 

Discharge.     The  act  of  relieving  from  anything  that  oppresses. 

Disengagement.     The  act  of  releasing  or  setting  free. 

Dismissal.     The  act  of  sending  away  or  permitting  to  go. 

Emancipation.  The  act  of  setting  free  from  subjection,  slavery,  or 
the  like. 

Enfranchisement.     The  act  of  freeing  from  slavery  or  servitude. 

Enlargement.  The  act  of  setting  free  from  servitude,  confinement, 
or  the  like. 

Escape,  etc.     Deliverance  from  restraint  or  injury.     See  Escape. 

Extrication.     The  act  of  freeing  from  perplexities. 

Liberation.     The  act  of  setting  free. 

Manumission.     The  act  of  liberating  a  slave  from  bondage. 

Redemption.     Release ;  rescue ;  deliverance. 

Release.     The  act  of  liberating  or  freeing  from  any  restraint. 

Release — Verbs. 
Absolve,  etc.     To  free  from  any  bond.     See  Exculpation. 
Acquire  one's  liberty,  etc.     To  obtain  one's  freedom.     See  Liberty. 
Affranchise.     To  make  free. 
Break  loose.     To  shake  off  restraint. 
Break  prison.     To  free  oneself  from  prison. 
Cast  adrift.     To  send  off  in  an  aimless  state. 
Clear.     To  acquit,  free  from  the  imputation  of  guilt. 
Deliver,  etc.     To  set  at  liberty;  release;  free  from  restraint.     See 

Rescue. 
Deliver  oneself  from.     To  free  oneself  from  any  burden,  trouble   or 

restraint. 
Disband.     To  set  free. 
Discharge.     To  acquit;  exonerate. 
Disengage.     To  release  or  set  free  from. 
Disentangle.     To  extricate  from  confusion  or  perplexity. 
Disenthrall.     To  release  from  slavery. 
Dismiss.     To  give  permission  to  depart  or  go  away. 
Emancipate.     To  set  free  from  slavery  by  a  voluntary  act. 
Enfranchise.     To  set  free  from  servitude  or  bondage. 
Enlarge.     To  release  from  confinement  or  restraint. 
Escape,  etc.     To  avoid  or  flee  from  danger  or  restraint.     See  Escape. 
Extricate.     To  free  from  difficulties. 
Free.     To  set  at  liberty;  clear. 
Gain  one's  liberty.     To  be  freed  from  restraint. 
Get  clear  of.     To  be  released  from. 
Get  rid  of.     To  disengage  oneself  from. 
Let  go. 
Let  loose. 
Let  out. 
Let  slip. 

Liberate.     To  set  free  from  restraint. 

Loose,  etc.     To  release  from  anything.     See  Union-Disunion. 
Loosen.     To  free  from  restraint. 
Manumit.     To  free  from  slavery. 
Obtain  one's  liberty.     To  gain  freedom. 


■  To  release  or  free. 


Arrest.     Hindrance;  restraint. 

Arrestation.     The  act  of  arresting 

Blockade.     The  investment  of  a  port  by  a  hostile  naval  force. 

Captivity.     The  state  of  being  a  prisoner;  subjection;  bondage. 

Care.     Responsible  charge  or  oversight. 

Charge.     Keeping;  custody. 

Check-rein.     A  looped  rein  to  keep  a  horse's  head  up. 

Coarction.     Restraint  of  liberty. 

Coercion,  etc.     The  act  of  restraining.     See  Coercion. 

Cohibition.     Hindrance;  restraint. 

Confinement.     Restraint  of  liberty  by  force. 

Constraint.     Any  power  which  restrains  from  acting. 

Control.     Restraining  or  directing  influence. 

Corral.     An  enclosed  space  for  keeping  cattle. 

Curb.     Anything  that  restrains  or  controls.     See  Release-Prison. 

Custody.     Restraint  of  liberty;  confinement. 

Discipline.     Systematic  training  or  subjection  to  authority. 

Durance.     Imprisonment. 

Durance  vile.     Disagreeable  personal  restraint. 

Duress.     Restraint  of  liberty. 

Entombment.     Burial. 

Hackamore.     A  raw-hide  halter. 

Hindrance,  etc.     The  act  of  checking  or  retarding  in  progress  or 

motion.     See  Obstruction. 
Imprisonment.     The  state  of  being  confined  in  a  prison. 
Incarceration.     The  act  of  imprisoning. 
Keep.     A  dungeon. 
Lettres  de  cachet  [F.J     A  secret  letter  containing  orders  for  arrest 

and  imprisonment  without  trial. 
Limbo.     A  place  of  confinement. 
Limitation.     A  restriction. 
Mancipation.     Involuntary  servitude. 
Monopoly.     An  exclusive  license  which  limits  the  number  of  people 

engaged  in  a  particular  work. 
Prisoner,  etc.     A  person  held  in  restraint.     See  Keeper-Prisoner. 
Prohibition,  etc.     The  act  of  hindering  or  preventing  some  act.     Se« 

Leave-Prohibition. 
Protection.     Preservation  from  harm  or  danger. 
Repression.     The  act  of  restraining. 
Restraint.     The  act  of  hindering  or  holding  in  check. 
Restriction.     The  act  of  restraining. 
Restringency.     The  act  or  state  of  being  confined. 
Vise.     A  clasping  device. 

Restraint — Verbs. 

Arrest.     To  obstruct,  check,  or  hinder  the  motion  or  progrew  ai 

anything. 
Bethrall .     To  reduce  to  bondage. 

Bind  hand  and  foot.     To  confine  completely;  make  utterly  helpleaa 
Bolt  in.     To  fasten;  restrain  within. 
Bottle  up.     To  shut  in  or  close  up,  as  in  a  bottle. 
Box  up.     To  enclose,  as  in  a  box. 
Bridle.     To  restrain;  check;  curb. 
Button  up.     To  fasten  with  a  button. 
Cage.     To  confine  and  shut  up,  as  in  a  cage. 
Captivate.     To  subdue ;  take  by  force. 
Cast  into  prison.     To  throw  into  prison. 
Check.     To  put  sudden  or  continued  restraint  upon. 
Clap  under  hatches.     To  confine  below  deck. 


RELEASE. 


881 


RELEASE— RESTRAINT. 


RELEASE— RESTRAINT— Continued. 


RELEASE— Verbs— Continued, 

Relax.     To  relieve;  make  less  rigorous. 
Release.     To  set  free  from  restraint. 
Render  free.     To  make  free. 


Setfre"  J  To^Ive  freedom  to. 


Set 

Shake  off  the  yoke.     To  throw  off  bondage  or  servitude. 

Slip  the  collar.     To  escape  from  servitude. 

Tear  .Jul  der  one's  bonds.     To  free  oneself  from  servitude  or  re- 
straint. 

Turn  adrift.     To  send  away  in  an  aimless  condition. 

Unbar.     To  open;  unfasten. 

Unbind .     To  set  free  from  shackles. 

Unbolt.     To  unfasten ;  remove  the  bolt  from. 

Unchain.     To  free  from  servitude. 

Unclog.     To  free  from  encumbrances. 

Unclose.     To  open. 

Uncork.     To  draw  the  cork  from. 

Unentangle.     To  disentangle. 

Unfetter,  etc.     To  set  at  liberty";  free  from  restraint.     See  Release 
Restraint. 

Unhand.     To  let  go. 

Unloose.     To  make  loose 

Untie,  etc.     To  unfasten.     See  Union. 

Vade  in  pace  [L.J.     Go  in  peace. 

Release — Adjectives, 

Liberated,  etc.     Made  free;  freed.     See  Verbs. 

Out  of  harness,  etc.     Liberated;  freed.     See  Liberty. 


Let  me  go  I 
Unhand  me  I 


Release — Interjections, 
Let  me  go! 


RESTRAINT—  Verbs— Continued  from  Column  a. 

Send  to  prison.     To  deprive  of  liberty. 
Sent  up.     Sent  to  prison. 

Shackle.     To  tie  or  confine  the  limbs  so  as  to  prevent  free  motion. 
Shut  in.     To  enclose. 
Shut  up.     To  close. 

Smother.     To  suppress;  deprive  of  activity. 
Sprag.     To  stop  the  motion  of  the  wheels  with  a  stick. 
Subjugate,  etc      To  subdue  or  bring  under  the  power  of.     See  Lib- 
erty-Subjection. 
Suppress.     To  restrain;  keep  in  check. 
Swaddle.     To  bind  tightly  with  clothes. 
Swathe.     To  bind  with  a  bandage. 
Take  a  captive. 

Take  a  prisoner.       t  „  ,  ,  , 

Take  charge  of.        f  To  get  under  one  s  power  or  contro1- 
Take  into  custody.  J 
Take  up.     To  seize,  arrest. 

Tether.     To  confine  within  certain  limits  by  a  chain  or  rope. 
Throw  into  prison.     To  imprison. 

Tie  down.     To  fasten  so  as  to  prevent  from  rising;  restrain. 
Tie  one's  hands.     To  deprive  of  freedom  of  action. 
Tie  up.     To  confine,  restrain. 
Trammel.     To  confine,  shackle. 
Wall  in.     To  enclose  with  a  wall. 
Withhold.     To  hold  back  or  keep  from  action. 

Restraint — Adjectives. 

''Cabined,  cribbed,  confined."      Closely  restrained.      [Shakespeare, 

Macbeth,  III, iv.] 
Coactive,  etc.     Serving  to  constrain.     See  Coercion. 
Cohibitive.     Restraining. 
Constrained.     Chained;  secured  with  bonds. 
Hidebound .     Closely  confined . 
Ice-bound.     Totally  surrounded  by  ice. 
Imprisoned,  etc.     Confined  in  prison.     See  Verbs. 
In  custody,  etc.     Under  guard.     See  Keeper-Prisoner. 
In  lob's  pound.     Held  playfully  between  the  legs  and  feet  of  an 

adult:  said  of  a  child. 
In  swaddling-clothes.     In  the  band  wrapped  around  infants.    [Luke, 

ii.  7.] 
Jammed  in.     Wedged  in. 
Laid  by  the  heels.     Fettered;  shackled. 
On  parole.     Bound  by  one's  word  of  honor. 
Put  up.     Imprisoned. 
Restrained.     Held  in  check;  hindered. 
Restringent.     Restrictive. 

56 


)  put  under  the  care  of  another. 


RESTRAINT—  Verbs— Continued. 

Clap  up.     To  dispose  of  hastily. 

Cloister.     To  shut  up  closely  within  a  cloister. 

Close  the  door  upon.     To  confine  within  or  keep  out. 

Coerce,  etc      To  restrain  by  force.     See  Coercion. 

Cohibit.     To  restrain. 

Commit.     To  put  into  charge  of. 

Commit  to  prison.     To  put  into  prison. 

Confine.     To  restrain  within  limits. 

Control.     To  restrain,  govern;  check. 

Coop.     To  shut  up  or  confine  within  a  narrow  compass. 

Cork  up.     To  stop  up  with  a  cork. 

Curb.     To  subject;  restrain;  confine. 

Debar,  etc.     To  shut  out  or  exclude  from  entrance.     See  Obstruc- 
tion'. 

Encage.     To  confine  in  a  cage. 

Enchain.     To  confine;  restrain. 

Enclose,  etc.     To  confine  on  all  sides.     See  Confinement. 

Enthrall.     To  enslave. 

Entomb.     To  shut  up  in  a  tomb. 

Entrammel.     To  entangle. 

Fasten,  etc.     To  secure;  make  fast.     See  Union. 

Fetter.     To  confine  with  chains. 

Forge  fetters.     To  place  under  restraint. 

Gag.     To  stop  up  the  mouth  so  as  to  hinder  speaking. 

Give  in  charge.  1  ™ 

Give  in  custody.  J     °  * 

Handcuff.     To  manacle  the  hands. 

Hem  in.     To  confine. 

Hobble.     To  fasten  the  legs  together  loosely. 

Hold.     To  impose  restraint  upon. 

Hold  back.     To  restrain. 

Hold  fast.     To  deprive  one  of  freedom. 

Hold  from.     To  restrain. 

Hold  in.     To  restrain;  curb. 

Hold  in  check.     To  keep  in  restraint. 

Hold  in  leading-strings.     To  keep  in  a  state  of  dependence. 

Hold  in  leash.     To  hold  under  control. 

Hold  within  bounds.     To  hold  in  check. 

Immure.     To  enclose  within  walls. 

Impound.     To  restrain  within  limits. 

Imprison.     To  confine  in  a  prison. 

Incage.     To  confine  in  a  cage  or  any  narrow  limits. 

Incarcerate.     To  imprison  or  confine. 

Inhibit.     To  restrain;  holdback. 

Inthrall.     To  enslave. 

Keep  a  tight  hand  on.     To  use  unyielding  firmness. 

Keep  back. 

Keep  from. 

Keep  in. 

Keep  in  check. 

Keep  within  bounds. 

Keep  under.     To  keep  subdued  or  subject. 

Lay  under  hatches.     To  put  below  deck. 

Lay  under  restraint.     To  deprive  of  freedom  of  action. 

Lead  captive.  \  „      .  .        ,  .    A. 

Lead  into  captivity./  To  place  one  in  «*J«*"». 

Lock  up.     To  imprison. 

Make  a  captive  of .  )  „    .   ,     .   .  , 

Make  a  prisoner  of. J  To  take  into  one  s  Power" 

Manacle.     To  fasten  the  hands. 

Mew  up.     To  confine,  as  in  an  enclosure. 

Muzzle.     To  restrain  from  doing  injury. 

Pen.     To  shut  up  in  a  small  enclosure. 

Picket.     To  fasten  with  a  pointed  stick,  or  enclose  with  narrow, 
pointed  boards. 

Pin  down.     To  fasten  with  a  pin. 

Pinion.     To  restrain  by  binding  the  arms. 

Prohibit,  etc.     To  forbid;  hinder.     See  Leave-Prohibition. 

Pull  in.     To  arrest. 

Put  in  a  straight  waistcoat.     To  fasten  into  a  dress  of  strong  materi- 
als used  to  restrain  raving  maniacs  and  the  like 

Put  in  irons.     To  put  in  chains. 

Put  into  bilboes.     To  put  into  a  kind  of  shackle  used  on  shipboard 
to  confine  prisoners  or  captives. 

Put  under  restraint.     To  deprive  of  freedom. 

Rail  in.     To  enclose  with  rails 

Rein  in.     To  restrain  or  control. 

Repress.     To  check;  restrain. 

Restrain.     Tn  hold  back  or  in  check 

Secure.     To  confine  effectually. 

Continued  on  Column  1. 


To  restrain. 


RELEASE. 


882 


RELIEF. 


RESTRAINT— Adjectives— Continued. 


Stiff.     Rigid;  inflexible 

Strait-laced.     Having  the  bodice  or  stays  tightly  laced. 

Under  hatches.     Confined  below  deck. 

Under  lock  and  key.     Under  restraint  or  in  prison. 


Under  restraint.     Deprived  of  freedom. 
Weather-bound.     Detained  by  unfavorable  weather. 
Wedged  in.     Fastened  in  tightly. 
Wind-bound.     Delayed  by  contrary  winds. 


RELEASE— PRISON. 


Prison. 

Bastile.  A  famous  French  prison  destroyed  by  a  popular  uprising, 
July  14,  1789. 

Black  Hole.  A  dungeon  in  Calcutta,  India,  in  which  146  British 
subjects  were  confined,  of  whom  123  died  of  asphyxia. 

Bridewell.  A  house  of  correction  for  the  confinement  of  disorderly 
persons  in  London. 

Cage.     A  place  of  confinement. 

Cell.     A  small  room  in  a  prison. 

Coop.     An  enclosure  for  small  animals;  a  prison. 

Den.     A  cavern  or  recess  that  is  the  haunt  of  animals. 

Donjon.     The  strongest  room  in  a  fortress. 

Dungeon.     A  dark  underground  cell  for  close  confinement. 

Fleet.     A  famous  prison  in  London. 

Fold.     A  pen  for  domestic  animals. 

Fortress.  A  large,  strong,  and  permanent  prison,  usually  for  mili- 
tary offenders. 

Gaol.    Jail. 

Guard-room.     A  room  for  the  detention  of  prisoners. 

Hold.     A  place  of  security. 

House  of  correction.     A  place  of  confinement  for  disorderly  persons. 

House  of  detention.  A  place  for  the  temporary  detention  of  offend- 
ers. 

Hulks.     Old,  unseaworthy  vessels  used  as  prisons. 

Jail.  A  building  or  place  for  the  confinement  of  arrested  or  sen- 
tenced persons. 

Keep.     The  strongest  room  in  a  castle  or  prison. 

King's  Bench.     A  division  of  the  high  court  of  justice  in  England. 

Limbo.     A  place  of  restraint. 

Lockup.     A  place  for  the  temporary  restraint  of  prisoners. 

Marshalsea.     A  famous  jail  in  London. 

Newgate.     A  well-known  English  prison. 

Oubliette  [F.].     A  dungeon  having  an  opening  at  the  top. 

Panopticon.  A  prison  so  constructed  as  to  allow  the  inspector  to 
watch  all  the  prisoners  without  being  seen. 

Pen.     A  small  enclosure  tor  animals. 

Penal  settlement.  A  place  to  which  offenders  or  criminals  are 
banished, 

Penitentiary.     A  prison  or  place  of  punishment. 

Pound.     A  place  where  stray  animals  are  kept. 

Prison.     A  place  of  confinement  for  persons  in  legal  custody. 

Prison-house.     A  prison. 

Queen's  Bench.  A  division  of  the  high  court  of  justice  in  England, 
during  a  queen's  reign. 

Quod.     A  prison. 

Sponging- house.     Ahou?«  where  debtors  were  temporarily  lodged. 

Station-house  i  "^  I5^ace  ^QV  the  temporary  confinement  of  prisoners. 

Stronghold .     A  fortifierV  «lace 

Toll-booth.     A  jail  or  prison. 

Watch-house.     A  auard-house ;  a  night  lockup. 

Prison — Nouns  of  Instrument. 
Band.     That  which  securely  binds  a  person. 
Bandage.     Any  band  used  to  bind  together. 

re-leased'.     Freed.     Life-Death. 

re-leas"-ee' .  The  recipient  of  an  instrument  of  release. 
Giving-Receiving,  Holder. 

rel'-e-gate.  Banish.  Admission-Expulsion,  Inclu- 
sion-Omission, Transfer. 

rel"-e-ga'-tion.  Removal.  Admission-Expulsion, 
Transfer. 

re-lent'.  To  yield.  Compassion-Ruthlessness, 
Hardness-Softness,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

re-lent'-less.  Unpitying.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Determination-Vacillation,  Favorite- 
Anger,  Harshness  -  Mildness,  Pardon  -  Vindic- 
tiveness,  Repentance-Obduracy. 

rel'-e-van-cy.  Pertinence.  Connection-Independ- 
ence, Harmony-Discord. 

rel'-e-vant.  Pertinent.  Connection-Independence, 
Harmony-Discord,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 


Bar.     A  piece  of  wood  used  as  a  barrier  or  obstruction. 

Barricade.     An  obstruction  closing  a  street,  etc. 

Barrier.     Something  that  bars,  or  keeps  out. 

Bearing-rein.     A  rein  used  to  make  a  horse  hold  up  his  head. 

Bilboes.     Fetters. 

Bit.      The   mouthpiece   of   a   bridle    used   to   control  and  guide  a 

horse. 
Bolt.     A  sliding  bar  for  fastening  a  door. 
Bond.     That  which  binds  two  objects  together. 
Brake.     A  device  for  retarding  the  motion  of  a  vehicle. 
Bridle.     The  head-harness  of  a  horse  used  for  controlling  it. 
Chain.     A  string  of  metal  links  used  to  bind  connect,  etc. 
Collar.     An  iron  band  for  the  neck  of  a  convict,  or  slave,  or  animal. 
Cord.     A  string  for  binding  things  together. 

Curb.     A  chain  or  strap  fastened  to  a  bridle-bit  to  control  a  horse. 
Drag,  etc.      Anything  used    to   impede   progress.      See    Obstruc* 

tion. 
Enclosure,  etc.     That  which  encloses.     See  Inclosure. 
Fence.     A  barrier  of    rails,  boards,  wire,  or  the  like,  enclosing  a 

field. 
Fetter.     A  chain  or  shackle  by  which  the  feet  of  a  person  or  animal 

are  fastened  together. 
Gag.     An  appliance  for  silencing  a  person  by  obstructing  the  vocal 

organs.  • 

Guy,  etc.     A  rope,  rod,  or  chain  for  holding  a  mast.     See  Connec- 
tion. 
Gyve.     A  fetter  for  confining  the  limbs  of  a  prisoner. 
Halter.     A  strap  or  rope  for  leading  or  confining  an  animal. 
Handcuff.     A  device  for  holding  the  hands  together. 
Harness.     An  equipment  put  upon  a  draft-animal. 
Irons.     Shackles  for  the  feet. 
Leading-string.      Strings  by  which  children    are   supported   when 

beginning  to  walk. 
Lock.     A  device  for  fastening  a  door. 
Manacle.     A  metallic  instrument  for  confining  the  hands. 
Martingale.     A  strap  for  holding  down  a  horse's  head. 
Muzzle.     A  covering  for  an  animal's  snout  to  prevent  biting. 
Padlock.     A  detachable  lock.  f 

Paling.     A  strip  of  wood  used  to  form  a  fence. 
Palisade.     A  strong,  high  fence  used  as  a  fortification. 
Picket.     A  strip  of  wood  used  for  making  fences. 
Pinion.     A  band  for  the  arm. 
Rail.     A  long  bar  of  wood  or  iron. 


Reins  )  ^  strap  for  controlling  a  horse. 

Shackle.     A  ring  or  clasp  for  restraining  a  limb. 

Shaffle.     A  shackle. 

Stocks.      A  frame  by  which  the  legs  and  arms  of  common  offenders 

were  confined. 
Straight  waistcoat.      A  garment  of  strong  canvas  for  confining  the 

arms  of  lunatics,  etc. 
Tether.     A  rope  for  fastening  an  animal. 
Trammel.     A  fetter,  shackle,  or  bond. 
Wall.     A  structure  01  stone  for  enclosing  a  space. 
Yoke.     A  frame  or  cross-bar  for  coupling  draft-animals. 

relbve  [F.]  (re-lev').  A  course  removed  from  a  table. 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

re-li"-a-bil'-i-ty.  Trustworthiness.  Certainty- 

Doubt. 

re-li'-a-ble .  Trustworthy.  Certainty-Doubt,  Faith- 
Misgiving. 

re-li'-ance.  Confidence;  hope.  Faith-Misgiving, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

rel'-ic.  Keepsake.  Increment-  Remnant,  Mark- 
Obliteration,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

rel'-ics.  Corpse;  something  remaining  from  a  saint. 
Ceremonial,  Life-Corpse. 

rel'-ict.     Widow.     Marriage-Divorce. 

re-lief.  Projection;  alleviation.  Alleviation- 
Aggravation,  Convexity-Concavity,  Obstruc- 
tion -  Help;  bas-relief,  Convexity -Concavity, 
Sculpture;     in   strong   relief,   Manifestation-La- 


RELIEF. 


883 


REMEDY— BANE. 


tency,  Renovation-Relapse,  Visibility-Invisi- 
bility, Weariness-Refreshment. 

re-lieve'.  To  help;  to  comfort.  Alleviation-Aggra- 
vation, Betterment-Deterioration,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Obstruction-Help,  Remedy-Bane. 

re-liev'-ing.  Giving  help.  Alleviation-Aggrava- 
tion. 

religieuse  [F.]  (re-li"-zhiuz') .  Nun.  Ministry- 
Laity. 

re-lig'-ion.  System  of  worship.  Godliness-Ungodli- 
ness, Orthodoxy  -  Heterodoxy;  under  the  mask 
of  religion,  Ceremonial. 

re-lig'-ion-ism.  Affected  religion.  Godliness-Un- 
godliness. 

re-lig'-ion-ist.  An  adherent  of  a  religion.  Cere- 
monial. 

re-lig'-ious.  Devout.  Godliness-Ungodliness, 
Theology,  Uprightness  -  Dishonesty;  overrelig- 
ious,  Austerity;  religious  education,  Education- 
Misteaching;  religious  persuasion,  Theology;  re- 
ligious sects,  Church,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

re-lig'-ious-ly.  In  reference  to  religion.  Religiously 
exact,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

re-lin'-quish.  To  abandon.  Keeping-Relinquish- 
ment,  Quest-Abandonment;  relinquish  a  purpose, 
Bigotry-Apostasy;  relinquish  hope,  Sanguine- 
ness-Hopelessness;  relinquish  life,  Life-Death. 

re-lin'-quished.  Given  up.  Keeping-Relinquish- 
ment,  Quest-Abandonment. 

re-lin'-quish-ing.      Giving  up.      Quest-Abandonment. 

re-lin'-quish-ment .  Giving  up.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Keeping-Relinquishment,  Use-Disuse. 

rel'-i-qua-ry.  Repository.  Ceremonial,  Contents- 
Receiver. 

reliquia  [L.]  (re-lic'-wi-i) .  Fossil  organisms.  Life- 
Corpse. 

rel'-ish.  To  enjoy.  Condiment,  Desire-Distaste, 
Palatableness  -  Unpalatableness,  Pleasure- 
Pain,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

re-lu'-cent.  Gleaming.  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness, 
Light-Darkness. 

re-luc'-tance.         Unwillingness.  Desire-Distaste, 

Motive-Caprice,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

re-luc'-tant.     Unwilling.     Readiness-Reluctance. 

re-luc'-tate.     To  hesitate.     Reprisal-Resistance. 

re"-luc-ta'-tion.     Reluctance.     Reprisal-Resistance. 


re-lume'.         Rekindle.         Heating-Cooling,    Light- 
Darkness. 
re-ly'.      Depend     on.       Faith-Misgiving,    Sanguine- 

NESS-HOPELESSNESS. 

rem  acu  tetigisti  [L.]  (rem  £'-ciu  tet"-i-jis'-tai) .  Ycu 
have  touched  the  thing  with  a  needle.  Adage-Non- 
sense, Differentiation-Indiscrimination,  Har- 
mony-Discord. 

re-main'.  To  be  left;  to  continue.  Duration-Never- 
ness,  Increment-Remnant,  Lastingness-Tran- 
sientness,  Movement-Rest,  Mutation-Perma- 
nence, Presence-Absence;  remain  firm,  Muta- 
bility-Stability; remain  in  one's  mind,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness;  remain  in  possession  of 
the  field,  Success  Failure;  remain  in  situ,  Move- 
ment-Rest; remain  neuter,  Determination- Vacil- 
lation ;  remain  on  one's  hands,  Excess-Lack. 

re-main'-der.  Surplus.  Antecedence-Sequence, 
Excess-Lack,  Increment-Decrement,  Property; 
in  remainder,  Antecedence-Sequence. 

re-main'-der-man".  Receiver  of  an  estate  in  re- 
mainder.    Holder. 

re-main'-ing.     Left  over.     Increment-Remnant. 

re-mains'.  Something  left;  corpse.  Increment- 
Remnant,  Life-Corpse,  Mark-Obliteration;  or- 
ganic    remains,     Organization -Disorganization. 

re-mand'.  Recommit.  Earliness-Lateness,  Or- 
der. 

rem'-a-net.     A  deferred  trial.     Increment-Remnant. 

re-mark'.  To  say.  Assertion-Denial,  Heed-Dis- 
regard; worthy  of  remark,  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance. 

re-mark'-a-ble.  Worthy  of  notice.  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Conventionality-Unconvention- 
ality,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

re-me'-di-a-ble.  Curable.  Remedy-Bane,  Renova- 
tion-Relapse. 

re-me'-di-al .  Curative.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Remedy-Bane,  Renovation-Relapse. 

rem'-e-di-less.       Not  curable.       Sanguineness-Hope- 

LESSNESS. 

remedio  sino  para  la  muerte,  para  todo  hay  [Sp.] 
(re-mg'-di-o  si'-no  par'-a  la  mu-er'-te,  par'-a  to'-do 
a-i').  There  is  remedy  for  all  things  except  death. 
Certainty-Doubt,  Remedy-Bane. 


REMEDY— BANE. 


Aconite.     A  medicinal  plant. 

Catholicon.     A  supposed  remedy  for  all  diseases;  a  panacea. 

Certain  cure.     A  medicine,  or  the  like,  which  works  a  certain  cure. 

Cure.     That  which  heals  or  restores  to  health. 

Drug.     Any  substance  used  as  medicine. 

Help.     Remedy  or  relief,  but  not  complete  cure. 

Manicure.     The  care  and  treatment  of  the  hands  and  finger-nails. 

Medicament.     Any  healing  application;  a  medicine. 

Medicine.     Any  substance  possessing  remedial  or  curative  qualities. 

Palliative      That  which  alleviates  or  partially  cures. 

Panacea.  A  remedy  professing  to  cure  all  diseases  or  ills;  a  catholicon. 

Perfect  cure.  A  medicine  or  the  like  which  rids  of  all  trouble  or  sick- 
ness. 

Radical  cure.  A  thorough  going  entire  cure;  also,  a  cure  effected  by 
resorting  to  extreme  measures. 

Remedy.  Anything  which  is  used  either  to  relieve  or  cure  bodily  dis- 
ease or  ailment. 

Sovereign  remedy.     A  remedy  efficacious  in  the  highest  degree. 

Remedy — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Accoucheur.     A  professional  assistant  in  childbirth. 
Accoucheuse.     A  midwife. 

^scuiapius.     The  god  of  medicine;  hence,  a  physician. 
Apothecary.     A  druggist;  especially  one  skilled  in  pharmacy 
Aurist.     One  specially  skilled  in  the  treatment  of  the  ear. 
Doctor.     One  who  practises  medicine. 
Dresser.     One  who  assists  in  surgery. 
Druggist.     One  who  deals  in  or  compounds  drugs. 


Appendicitis.     An  inflammation  of  the  appendix  of  the  csecum. 
Bane.     Any  cause  of  ruin  or  lasting  injury. 
Curse.     An  evil  or  calamity. 
Demon.      An  evil  spirit. 
Evil.     Something  that  harms  or  hurts. 
Hurtfulness.     The  condition  of  causing  harm  or  injury. 
Painfulness.     The  condition  or  state  of  suffering  pain. 
Pest.     A  plague;  a  pestilence. 
Scourge.     A  plague. 

Toxicology.     The  branch  of  medical  science  which  treats  of  poisons, 
their  effects,  etc. 

Bane — Nouns  of  Cause. 
Aconite.     A  medicinal  plant,  the  extract  of  which  is  a  poison. 
Antimony.     A  metal  possessing  poisonous  properties. 
Arsenic.     A  poisonous  element. 
Azote.      Nitrogen. 

Bed-sore.     A  sore  from  lying  on  the  bed. 
Belladonna.     A  very  poisonous  medicinal  plant  and  extract;  deadly 

nightshade. 
Bramble.     Any  rough  prickly  shrub. 
Brier.     A  plant  with  rough  prickly  stems;  a  bramble. 
Cancer.     A  malignant  growth  of  new  tissue. 
Canker.     An  ulcerous  sore;  also  a  disease  of  trees. 
Canker-worm.     A  variety  of  caterpillar,  destructive  to  fruit-trees. 
Damnosa  hereditas  [L.l     Evil  or  pernicious  heredity. 
Dry-rot.     A  rotting  caused  by  fungi. 
Fang.     A  long  tooth,  especially  the  tooth  of  a  serpent. 


REMEDY. 


884 


REMEDY— BANE. 


REMEDY—  BANE— Continued. 


REMEDY — Nouns  of  Agent — Continued. 

Galen.     An  early  writer  on  medicine. 

General  practitioner.     One  who  practises  all  branches  of  medicine. 

Hippocrates.     "The  Father  of  Medicine." 

Leech.     One  who  professes  the  art  of  medicine;  a  doctor. 

Medical  attendant.     One  who  assists  in  medical  treatment. 

Medical  practitioner.     One  who  engages  in  medicine  as  a  profession. 

Midwife.     A  woman  who  assists  in  childbirth. 

Monthly  nurse.  A  nurse  who  attends  women  during  the  period  of 
their  confinement. 

Nurse.     One  who  cares  for  the  sick  or  wounded. 

Oculist.     One  skilled  in  the  treatment  of  the  eyes. 

Operator.     One  who  takes  the  leading  part  in  a  surgical  operation. 

Pharmacopolist.     A  druggist. 

Physician.  A  doctor;  especially  one  legally  authorized  to  practise 
medicine. 

Red  Cross  Society.  A  society  organized  for  the  succor  of  the  sick  and 
wounded  in  war. 

Sister.  Usually  a  member  of  an  organization  for  attending  the  sick 
and  needy. 

Surgeon.  One  who  treats  diseases  or  injuries  by  mechanical  opera- 
tions. 

Remedy — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Alterant.     An  alterative. 

Alterative.  A  medicine  that  causes  a  gradual  improvement  of  the 
health. 

Antidote.     A  remedy  that  will  counteract  the  effects  of  poison. 

Antiseptic.     Any  agent  or  medicine  used  to  prevent  putrefaction. 

Arquebuscade.  A  lotion  for  wounds  from  a  harquebus,  and  for 
sprains  and  bruises. 

Asafetida.     A  bitter,  offensive  medical  compound. 

Balm.     A  soothing  remedy. 

Balsam.     A  medicinal  preparation  used  for  healing  purposes. 

Bandage.     A  strip  of  cloth  used  in  dressing  wounds,  etc. 

Bleeding.     The  surgical  operation  of  drawing  blood  from  the  veins. 

Blood-letting.     Bleeding 

Bolus.     A  large  pill. 

Boneset.     A  bitter  herb  used  for  curing  colds. 

Carminative.  Any  substance  used  for  removing  gas  from  the 
stomach. 

Cataplasm.     A  poultice. 

Catnip.     An  herb  used  as  a  remedy. 

Cerate.     An  unctuous  compound  used  for  wounds  and  blisters. 

Cold  water  cure.  Large  and  frequent  drafts  of  cold  water  taken  as 
medicine. 

Collyrium.     An  eye-wash  or  eye-salve. 

Compress.     Folded  cloth  or  the  like  used  in  making  pressure. 

Cordial.     Any  preparation  used  to  stimulate  and  give  new  vigor. 

Corrective .    ; A  restorative. 

Cosmetic.  Any  preparation  used  to  improve  the  appearance  of  the 
skin. 

Counter-poison.     An  antidote. 

Cupping.  The  process  of  drawing  blood  to  any  place  by  creating  a 
vacuum  at  that  point. 

Depilatory.     A  preparation  for  removing  hairs. 

Dietary.     A  system  of  diet. 

Dose.     The  quantity  of  medicine  to  be  taken  at  one  time. 

Draft.     A  dose. 

Electuary.     A  medicine  mixed  with  some  sweet  substance. 

Elixir.  An  alcoholic  preparation  holding  small  quantities  of  medi- 
cine in  solution;  also,  any  invigorating  compound. 

Elixir  vitae.     An  imaginary  liquor  for  prolonging  life. 

Embrocation.     A  liquid  remedy  to  be  applied  externally;  a  liniment. 

Emetic.     Any  substance  used  to  produce  vomiting. 

Epithem.  Any  external  application,  except  a  salve  or  plaster,  as  a 
poultice  or  lotion. 

Epsom  salts.     A  cathartic. 

Febrifuge.     Any  medicine  that  is  efficacious  against  fever. 

Galenicals.  Those  medicines  which  are  prepared  by  infusion  and  de- 
coction, as  distinguished  from  those  which  are  chemically  pre- 
pared. 

Healing  art.     The  art  of  medicine. 

Jonquil.     A  medicinal  plant. 

Leech.     A  small  animal  used  for  drawing  blood. 

Leechcraft.     The  art  of  healing. 

Lenitive.     Any  application  that  allays  pain  or  suffering. 

Licorice.  A  tree  from  which  a  juice,  used  for  coughs  and  colds,  is  ob- 
tained. 

Lincture.     Medicine  taken  by  licking  or  sucking. 

Liniment.     A  liquid  preparation  to  be  applied  by  rubbing. 

Lithagogue.  A  medicine  supposed  to  have  the  power  of  expelling 
calculous  matter  with  the  urine. 


BANE — Nouns  op  Cause — Continued. 

Fungus.     A  morbid  granulated  growth,  as  proud  flesh. 

Hellebore.     A  medicinal  plant  whose  roots  act  as  a  powerful  cathartic 

and  narcotic:  among  the  ancients,  a  specific  for  madness. 
Hemlock.     An  extremely  poisonous  herb. 
Henbane.     A  plant   poisonous  to  fowls;   stinking  nightshade:  it  is 

used  for  the  same  purposes  as  belladonna. 
Leaven.     Any  substance  that  causes  fermentation. 
Malaria.     Infected  air;  also,  the  disease  produced  by  breathing  it. 
Mephitis.     Noxious  exhalations. 
Miasma.     Infectious  germs  floating  in  the  air;    also,  the  air  mads 

noxious  by  their  presence. 
Mildew.     Several  varieties  of  fungi. 
Moth.     An  insect  that  gradually  eats  or  destroys. 
Moth  and  rust.     [Bible.] 

Nettle.     A  plant  covered  with  minute,  poisonous,  stinging  hairs. 
Nicotine.     The  poison  in  tobacco. 

Nightshade.     A  variety  of  medicinal  plants,  said  to  be  poisonous. 
Nux  vomica.     A  poisonous  seed  containing  brucin  and  strychnin. 
Poison.     Any  noxious  or  pernicious  substance. 
Prussic  acid.     An  extremely  poisonous  liquid  compound. 
Rust.     A  chemical  action  destroying  metals  or  plants. 
Sewer-gas.     Foul,  air  from  a  sewer. 
Sting.     The  bite  of  an  insect. 
Strychnin.     A  powerful  poison. 
Tang.     A  projecting  part  of  an  object  by  which  it  is  fastened  to  a 

handle. 
Tartar  emetic.     A  tartrate  of  antimony  and  potassium;    strongly 

cathartic  and  even  fatally  poisonous  in  its  effects. 
Thorn.     A  spine. 

Torpedo.     An  explosive  cartridge  or  shell. 

Upas-tree.     A  Javanese  tree,  the  juice  of  which  is  a  virulent  poison. 
Venom.     The  poisonous  liquid  secreted  by  certain  animals,  as  ser- 

pents. 
Viper.     An  extremely  venomous  snake. 
Virus.     A  morbid  poison;  a  medium  for  communicating  an  infectious 

disease. 
White  elephant.     A  costly  and  worthless  possession. 
Worm.     A  creeping  or  crawling  animal. 
Yarrow.     An  astringent  herb. 

Bane — Adjectives. 

Baneful,  etc.     Having  poisonous  or  deadly  qualities.     See  Nouns. 
Poisonous,  etc.     Having  the  qualities  of  a  poison.     £ee  Nouns. 

Bane — Phrase. 

Sibere  venenum  in  auto  [L.fl.     To  drink  poison  from  a  gold  cup. 


REMEDY — Nouns  of  Cause — Continued. 

Lotion.     A  liquid  preparation  f  jr  healing  or  cleansing. 

Massage.     A  system  of  treatment  consisting  of  manipulating  a  part 

or  all  of  the  body  by  kneading. 
Midecine  expectante  [F.Q.      Expectant  medicine;    so  called  from  ex- 
pecting more  from  nature  than  from  art. 
Medical  treatment.     The  application  of  medicines. 
Mithridate.      An    antidote  against  poison,  from  Mithridates,  "The 

Pontic  monarch  of  old  days,  who  fed  on  poisons,  and  they  were 

a  nutriment."  f Byron,  The  Dream.] 
Nepenthe.     A  drug  reputed  among  the  ancients  to  banish  pain  and 

sorrow. 
Nostrum.     A  medicine  whose  composition  is  kept  secret;    a  quack 

medicine. 
Oil.     Medicine  for  external  application. 
Ointment.     An  oily  preparation  to  be  applied  externally 
Operation.     The  application  of  instruments  for  removing  diseased 

parts. 
Pepastic.     Any  remedy  which  tends  to  bring  a  disease  to  maturity. 
Philosopher's  stone,     A  soluble  stone,  the  red  tincture  of  which  was 

reputed  to  prolong  life  and  restore  youth. 
Phlebotomy.     Blood-letting. 

Physic.     Medicine  in  general;  specifically,  a  cathartic. 
Pill.     A  medical  substance  prepared  in  globular  form  for  swallowing 

whole. 
Plaster.     A  topical  application  spread  upon  Hnen,  silk,  or  the  like, 

adhesive  to  the  body. 
Pledget.     A  wad  of  cotton  or  the  like  placed  over  a  wound  or  sore 

to  keep  out  the  air.  absorb  the  discharges,  etc. 
Potion.     A  dose  of  liquid  medicine. 
Poultice.     A  mollifying  remedy  of  meal  or  the  like,  for  bruises  and 

inflammations. 


REMEDY. 


885 


REMEDY. 


REMEDY— Nouns  of  Cause—  Continued. 


Prescription.     A  formula  for  the  compounding  and  administering  of 

a  medicine. 
Prophylactic.     A  medicine  used  to  ward  off  disease. 
Ptisan.     A  weak,  aqueous  medicine. 
Receipt.     Recipe. 
Recipe.     A  written  formula  giving  directions  for  the  mixing  of  some 

preparation,  especially  of  a  medicine. 
Redress.     A  relief  or  remedy. 
Regimen.     Any  process  or  remedy  intended  to  gradually  bring  about 

beneficial  results. 
Restorative.     Any  medicine  that  restores  health  and  vigor. 
Roborant.     Any  strengthening  medicine;  a  tonic. 
Salve.     A  thick,  adhesive  ointment. 

Sassafras.     A  tree,  the  bark  of  whose  roots  is  used  as  a  medicine. 
Sedative.     A  medicine  for  allaying  pain. 
Simple.     A  medicinal  plant  or  the  extraction. 
Sinapism.     A  mustard  plaster. 
Specific.     A  medicine  for  a  particular  disease. 


Splint.  Thin  piece  of  wood  bound  on  a  fracture  to  keep  the  bones  in 
place. 

Stethoscope.  An  instrument  for  listening  to  the  sounds  made  in  the 
body. 

Surgical  operation.  The  application  of  mechanical  means  to  cure  a 
wound  or  disease. 

Theriac.     An  antidote  to  the  bite  of  venomous  animals. 

Traumatic.  Any  remedy  or  application  effective  in  the  curing  of 
wounds. 

Treatment.     The  manner  of  applying  remedies  in  disease. 

Tuberculin.  A  liquid  used  in  examining  cattle  suspected  of  tubercu- 
losis. 

Vaccinate.     To  inoculate  with  vaccine  virus. 

Varicella.     Properly  chicken-pox. 

Venesection.     Blood-letting. 

Vis  medicatrix  [L.J.     Medical  power. 

Vis  natures  [L.J  The  capability  of  living  tissue  to  overcome  disease 
or  injury. 

Vulnerary.     Any  application  for  healing  external  wounds. 


Remedy — Nouns  of  Place. 


Dispensary.    A  place  where  medicines  are  compourded  and  dealt  out. 

Hospice.     A  place  in  which  sick  travelers  are  cared  for. 

Hospital.  A  place  or  institution  where  the  sick  or  wounded  are  cared 
for. 

Infirmary.  A  hospital,  especially  a  small  hospital  where  free  treat- 
ment is  given 

Lazaretto.  A  hospital  for  diseased  persons,  like  Lazarus,  especially 
those  affected  with  contagious  diseases,  a  pest-house. 


Lazar-house.     A  lazaretto. 

Lock  hospital.     A  place  for  the  treatment  of  venereal  diseases. 

Maison  de  santi  [F.J.     A  private  hospital,  an  insane  retreat. 

Pest-house.     A  hospital  for  the  treatment  of  infectious  diseases. 

Pump-room.     The  drinking-place  at  a  mineral  spring. 

Sanatorium.     A  health  resort. 

Spa.     A  mineral  spring  or  its  locality. 


Remedy — Scientific  Nouns. 


Acology.     That  branch  of  medicine  which  treats  of  remedies. 

Allopathy.  That  system  of  remedial  treatment  which  seeks  to  cure 
disease  by  producing  a  condition  incompatible  with  the  disease, 
opposed  to  homeopathy.  "And  poisons  must,  as  Galen  held,  by 
counter- poisons  be  expelled." 

Chirurgery.     Surgery. 

Dentistry.     The  science  which  deals  with  the  treatment  of  the  teeth. 

Dietetics.     That  branch  of  medicine  or  hygiene  which  treats  on  diet. 

Homeopathy.  That  system  of  medical  treatment  which  seeks  to  cure 
a  disease  by  administering  medicine  which  would  produce  this  same 
disease  in  a  healthy  condition;  opposed  to  allopathy.  Similia 
similibus  curantur. 

Hydropathy.     Water-cure. 

Materia  medica  [L.].  Medicines  in  the  broadest  sense;  all  sub- 
stances or  remedies  used  to  cure  or  heal. 


Midwifery.     Obstetrics. 

Obstetrics.  That  branch  of  medical  science  which  treats  on  preg- 
nancy and  parturition. 

Orthopedia.  The  science  which  treats  on  the  correcting  and  prevent- 
ing of  bodily  deformities. 

Orthopraxy.     Orthopedia. 

Pharmaceutics.     The  science  of  pharmacy. 

Pharmacology.  The  entire  science  of  medicines,  as  to  their  nature, 
effects,  etc. 

Pharmacy.  That  branch  of  medical  science  which  treats  on  the 
preparation  of  medicines  and  drugs. 

Posology.     The  science  of  quantitative  dosing. 

Surgery.  That  branch  of  medical  science  which  treats  on  the  curing 
of  wounds  or  diseases  by  the  application  of  mechanical  means. 

Therapeutics.     The  science  of  remedies ;  ecology. 


Remedy — Verbs. 


Apply  a  remedy,  etc.     To  apply  something  to  effect  a  cure. 

Attend.     To  wait  upon,  as  a  sick  person. 

Bleed.     To  let  blood. 

Cup.     To  draw  the  blood  to  one  spot. 

Doctor.     To  give  medical  treatment. 

Dose.     To  give  medicine;  usually  more  than  is  needful. 

Drench  with  physic.     To  give  physic  in  large  quantities. 

Dress  the  wound.     To  cleanse  and  cover  with  antiseptic  applications. 

Embrocate .     To  rub  with  oil. 


Let  blood.     To  bleed. 

Minister  to.     To  attend. 

Nurse.     To  attend  upon  a  sick  person. 

Palliate.     To  relieve  but  not  cure. 

Physic.     To  give  a  physic  to. 

Plaster.     To  apply  a  plaster. 

Prevent,  etc.     To  keep  disease  away  from  a  person. 

Relieve.     To  cure  wholly  or  in  part. 

Restore .     To  bring  back  to  a  former  condition  of  health  or  soundness. 


Remedy — Adjectives. 


Abstersive.     Having  cleansingqualities. 
Alexipharmic.      Serving  to  counteract  poison. 
Alexiteric .      Serving  to  ward  off  contagion. 
Alimentary.     Nutritious. 

Alterative.     Tending  to  cause  a  gradual  change. 
Analeptic.     Reinvigorating. 
Anodyne.      Soothing. 

Balsamic.      Having  the  qualities  of  balsam      S^e  Nouns. 
Ohirurgical.     Surgical. 
Corrective.     Tending  to  restore. 
Corroborant.      Invigorating. 
Curable.     Susceptible  of  cure. 
Demulcent.     Soothing. 
Depuratory.     Fitted  to  purify. 
Detergent.      Having  cleansing  qualities. 
Detersive.      Detergent. 
Dietetic.     Relatingtothe  diet. 

Disinfectant.     Having  power  to  destroy  the  germs  of  infectious  dis- 
ease. 
Emollient.     Producing  a  soothing  effect. 
Epulotic.     Having  healing  qualities;  cicatrizing. 
Febrifugal.     Efficacious  against  fever. 


Healing.     Tending  to  cure. 

Hypnotic.     Sleep-producing. 

Lenitive.     Palliating;  soothing. 

Medical.     Pertaining  to  medicine  or  the  science  of  medicine;    also, 

possessing  curative  properties. 
Medicinal.     Possessing  curative  properties. 
Narcotic.     Stupor-producing. 
Neurotic.     Efficacious  in  nervous  diseases. 
Nutritious.     Nourishing 
Nutritive.     Having  nutritious  properties. 
Palliative.     Giving  relief. 
Paregoric.     Soothing  pain. 
Peptic.     Of  aid  in  digestion. 

Prophylactic .     Efficacious  in  warding  off  disease. 
Remediable.     Curable. 
Remedial.     Having  curative  properties. 
Restorative.     Tending  to  cure  or  restore  to  health 
Salutiferous.     Health -giving. 
Sanative .     Tending  to  cure  or  heal. 
Sanatory.     Health -giving. 

Sedative.     Having  the  power  of  soothing  or  calming  as  the  nerves. 
Therapeutic .     Curative . 


REMEDY. 


886 


REMEMBRANCE— FORGETFULNESS. 


REMEDY — Adjectives — Continued. 


Tonic.     Invigorating;  bracing. 

Traumatic.     Efficacious  in  the  cure  of  wounds 


Vulnerary.     Tending  to  cure  wounds  or  external  injuries      See  Vul- 
nerary. 


Remedy — Phrases. 


Aux  grands  maux  Us  grands  remedes  [P.J,     To  desperate  evils,  des-  sends  the  cure. 

perate  remedies.  Para  todo  hay  remedio  stno  para  la  muerte  [Sp.|.     There  is  a  remedy 

Dios  que  da  la  llaga  da  la  medicina  [Sp.].    God  who  sends  the  wound  for  all  things  except  death. 


re-mem'-ber.     To  recall.      Remembrance-Forgetful- 

ness. 
re-mem'-bered.      Preserved  in  the  memory.      Remem- 

BRANCE-FORGETFULNESS. 


re-mem'-ber-ing.      Keeping  in  mind.      Remembrance- 

FORGETFULNESS. 

re-mem'-brance.      Memory.      Remembrance-Forget- 

FULNESS. 


REMEMBRANCE— FORGETFULNESS. 


Artificial  memory.     The  power  of  reproducing  past  knowledge,  which 

has  been  cultivated  by  a  series  of  rules  or  precepts. 
Memoria  technica  [L.fl.     A  memory  trained  by  rules  and  precepts  to 

remember  particular  subjects. 
Memory.     The  mental  power  of  reproducing  past  knowledge. 
Recognition.     Knowing    as    identical    with    something    previously 

known. 
Recollection.     The  operation  by  which  ideas  are  revived  in  the  mind. 
Recurrence.     The  act  of  coming  back  or  returning  to  the  mind. 
Remembrance.     A  holding  in  mind,  or  bringing  to  mind. 
Rememoration.     A  recalling  by  the  faculty  of  memory. 
Reminiscence.     A  statement  or  narration  of  remembered  experience. 
Retention.        1  The  power  or  capacity  of  the  mind  to  keep  knowl- 
Retenti  veness .  I       edge . 

e  rospec  .        j.  ^  vjew  or  contemplation  of  something  past. 

Tenacity.     That  quality  of  memory  which  holds  or  keeps  knowledge. 
Veteris    vesligia    fiammce    [L.]  The    traces  of    old    fire;   flashes   of 
memory. 

Remembrance — Denotations . 

Afterthought.     A  thought  that  conies  later  than  its  expected  time. 
Art  of  memory.     A  system  of  rules  devised  for  strengthening  the 

memory. 
Capacious  memory.     A  memory  that  is  able  to  retain  much. 
Commemoration.     A  memorial. 
Correct  memory.     A  memory  that  is  able  to  retain  facts  just  as 

received. 
Exact  memory,      j  A  memory. 

Faithful  memory. )  J 

Flapper.     Anything  used  to  jog  the  memory. 

Green  memory.     A  memory  that  is  able  to  retain  things  correctly. 
Hint.     An  indirect  allusion  or  suggestion. 
Keepsake      Anything  kept  to  remember  the  giver. 
Memento.     A  hint  or  memorial  to  awaken  memory. 
Memorabilia.     Things  worthy  to  be  remembered. 
Memorandum.     A  record  of  things  to  be  remembered. 
Memorial.     Something  designed  to  keep  in  remembrance  a  person, 

event,  place,  etc. 
Mnemonics.     The  art  or  science  of  artificial  memory. 
Mnemosyne.     The  goddess  of  memory. 
Mne  mo  technics.     A  system  of  principles  and  formulas  designed  to 

assist  the  memory. 
Phrenotypics.     A  system   of  rules  or  formulas  for  developing  the 

memory. 
Prompting.     An  impulse  or  suggestion. 

Prompt  memory.     A  memory  that  readily  recalls  past  events. 
Ready  memory.     A  memory  that  at  once  recalls  past  experiences. 
Relic.     Something  kept  as  a  memento. 
Reminder.     Anything  serving  to  remind. 

Retentive  memory.     A  memory  that  easily  retains  past  experiences. 
Souvenir.     Something  that  serves  to  recall  the  past 
Suggestion .     A  hint . 
Tablets  of  the  memory.     Figuratively,  the  memory.    [Shakespeare, 

"table,"  Hamlet,  I,  v.] 
Tenacious  memory.     A  memory  that  retains  past  experiences  for  a 

long  time.  \ 

Things  to  be  remembered.     Notable  events. 
Token  of  remembrance.     A  memento. 
Trustworthy  memory.     A  correct  memory. 

Remembrance — Verbs. 
Commemorate.     To  call  to  remembrance  by  a  special  act  or  observ- 
ance. 
Con.     To  study  with  care  and  attention. 
Memorialize.     To  address  or  petition  by  a  memorial. 


Decay  of  memory.     Tendency  to  forget  past  experiences. 

Failing  memory .     A  memory  that  fails  to  retain  past  events. 

Failure  of  memory.     Forgetfulness 

Forgetf  ulness,  etc.  The  state  of  being  liable  to  let  slip  from  the  mind 
See  Adjectives. 

Insensibility>  etc.     Lack  of  an  impressible  memory. 

Insensibility  to  the  past.     Forgetfulness. 

Lapse  of  memory.     Failure  to  remember  past  events. 

Loose  memory.     A  memory  that  cannot  recall  past  events  correctly. 

Obliteration,  etc.  The  state  of  being  forgotten.  See  Mark-Oblit- 
eration. 

Obliteration  of  the  past.     Forgetfulness. 

Oblivion.     The  state  of  having  utterly  passed  out  of  memory 

Short  memory.     A  memory  that  remembers  only  very  recent  events. 

Treacherous  memory     A  memory  that  cannot  be  relied  upon. 

Waters  of  Lethe. 


Waters  of  oblivion.. 


Forgetfulness. 
Forgetfulness —  Verbs. 


Be  forgetful,  etc.     To  fail  to  remember      See  Adjectives. 

Cast  behind  one's  back.     To  forget  intentionally. 

Come  in  at  one  ear  and  go  out  at  the  other.     To  forget. 

Consign  to  oblivion.     To  forget. 

Consign    to    the    tomb    of  the  Capulets.      To  consign  to  oblivion. 

[Romeo  and  Juliet."] 

Die  away  from  the  memory.  1  ™    ,     , 

■n,-    !_  *         IT  f  To  be  forgotten. 

Discharge  from  the  memoryJ  6 

Efface  from  the  memory,  etc.  To  lose  the  power  of  recalling.  See 
Mark-Obliteration. 

Escape  from  the  memory.l  T    ^ 

Fade  from  the  memory.     J 

Fall  into  oblivion.     To  forget. 

Forget.     To  let  slip  from  the  memory. 

Forget  one's  own  name.  To  have  a  very  poor  memory,  like  Mon- 
taigne. 

Have  a  short  memory.     To  be  able  to  recall  only  very  recent  events. 

Have  no  head.     To  be  unable  to  remember  anything  at  all. 

Have  on  the  tip  of  one's  tongue.  To  forget  what  one  was  about  to 
say. 

Let  bygones  be  bygones,  etc.     To  forgive  and  forget.     See  Pardon. 

Lose.     To  forget  unintentionally. 

Lose  sight  of.     To  forget  to  take  into  consideration. 

Sink  into  oblivion.         \  ™    ,     iu---**»- 

„,.    ,  ,.  f  lo  be  forgotten. 

Slip  from  the  memory.  >  b 

Think  no  more  of,  etc.     To  be  lost  from  the  memory.     See  Hee» 

Disregard. 

Unlearn.     To  forget  something  learned. 

Wean  one's  thoughts  from.     To  forget  by  making  a  strong  effort. 

Forgetfulness — Adjectives. 

Buried  in  oblivion .     Forgotten  for  all  time. 

Bygone.     Long  past  and  forgotten 

Clean  forgotten.     Entirely  forgotten. 

Forgetful.     Liable  to  le.  slip  out  of  mind. 

Forgotten.     Slipped  from  the  memory. 

Gone  out  of  one;s  head  }  Not  remembered. 

Gone  out  of  ones  recollection.  > 

Insensible,  etc.     Lacking  an  impressible  memory. 

Insensible  to  the  past.     Forgetful^of  the  past. 

Lethean.     Producing  forgetfulness. 

Mindless.     Having  no  recollection  of. 

Oblivious.     Forgetful. 

Out  of  mind.     Forgotten  for  the  time  being. 

Past  recollection.     That  cannot  be  recalled. 

Sunk  in  oblivion.     Forgotten  for  all  time. 

Unremembered.     Not  retained  in  the  memory. 


REMEMBRANCE. 


887 


REMOTE. 


REMEMBRANCE—  FORGETFULNESS— Omrtnwd. 


REMEMBRANCE— Verbs— Continued. 

Mind.     To  fix  the  mind  or  thoughts  on. 

Prompt.     To  assist  or  induce  the  action  of  the  memory. 

Rankle.     To  linger  in  the  mind  and   grow  violent.     See  Pardon- 

VlNDICTIVENESS. 

Recall.     To  call  back  to  mind. 

Recognize.  To  perceive  the  identity  of  with  something  previously 
known . 

Recollect.     To  recover  the  knowledge  of. 

Remember.  To  come  into  the  mind  again,  as  previously  perceived, 
known,  or  felt. 

Remind.     To  bring  to  notice. 

Renew.     To  restore  to  freshness  of  memory. 

Retrace.     To  go  over  again  in  the  mind. 

Review.      To  reconsider  or  reexamine. 

Suggest.  To  introduce  indirectly  to  the  thoughts.  See  Enlight- 
enment. 

Remembrance — Verbal  Expressions. 
Bear  in  the  memory;  bear  in  the  mind;  bear  in  the  remembrance; 
bear  in  the  thoughts;  be  deeply  impressed  with;  be  in  one's  mem- 
ory; be  in  one's  mind;  be  in  one's  thoughts;  bethink  oneself; 
bottle  up  in  the  memory;  bring  back  to  the  memory;  bring  to  mind; 
bring  to  remembrance;  burden  the  memory  with;  call  to  mind; 
call  to  remembrance;  call  up;  carry  in  the  memory;  carry  in  the 
mind;  carry  in  the  remembrance;  carry  in  the  thoughts;  carry 
one's  thoughts  back;  commit  to  memory;  con  over;  dwell  in  one's 
memory;  dwell  in  one's  mind;  dwell  in  one's  thoughts;  embalm  in 
one's  memory;  engrave  in  one's  memory;  enshrine  in  one's  mem- 
ory; fan  the  embers;  fix  in  the  memory;  flap  the  memory;  flash 
across  the  memory;  flash  on  one's  mind;  get  by  heart;  get  by  rote; 
grave  in  the  memory;  haunt  one's  memory;  haunt  one's  mind; 
haunt  one's  thoughts;  have  at  one's  fingers'  ends;  have  by  heart; 
have  in  the  memory;  have  in  the  mind;  have  in  the  remembrance; 
have  in  the  thoughts;  hold  in  the  memory;  hold  in  the  mind;  hold 
in  the  remembrance;  hold  in  the  thoughts;  impress  the  memory; 
impress  the  mind;  impress  the  thoughts;  imprint  in  the  memory; 
infandum  renovare  dolorem  [L.],  to  revive  unspeakable  grief;  jog 
the  memory;  keep  in  mind;  keep  in  the  memory;  keep  in  the 
remembrance;  keep  in  the  thoughts;  keep  in  view;  keep  the  mem- 
ory alive;  keep  the  wound  green;  keep  up  the  memory  of;  know 
by  heart;  know  by  rote;  learn  by  heart;  learnbyrote;  live  in  one's 
memory;  live  in  one's  mind;  live  in  one's  thoughts;  load  the  mem- 
ory with;  lookback;  look  back  upon;  look  backwards;  make  a 
note  of;  not  be  able  to  get  it  out  of  one's  head;  pull  by  the  sleeve; 
putinmind;  put  in  remembrance;  rake  up  the  past;  recall  to  mind ; 
recall  to  remembrance;  recur  to  the  mind;  redeem  from  oblivion; 
refresh  the  memory;  remain  in  one's  memory;  remain  in  one's 
mind;  remain  in  one's  thoughts;  repeat  as  a  parrot;  repeat  by 
heart;  repeat  by  rote;  retain  in  the  memory;  retain  in  the  mind; 
retain  in  the  remembrance;  retain  in  the  thoughts;  retain  the 
memory  of;  retain  the  remembrance  of ;  rip  up;  rivet  in  the  mem- 
ory;  rub  up  the  memory;   run  in  the  head;   say  by  heart;   say  by 

re-mem'-bran-cer.  A  token;  recorder.  Recorder, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

re-mem'-bran-ces.  Tokens  of  friendship.  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness. 

re-mem"-o-ra'-tion.  Recollection.  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness. 

rem"-i-gra'-tion.  Return.  Advance-Retrogression, 
Arrival-Departure,  Entrance-Exit. 

re-mind'.  To  bring  to  mind.  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness; that  reminds  me,  Opportuneness-Un- 
suitableness. 

re-mind'-er.  Something  that  calls  to  mind.  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness. 

rem"-i-nis'-cence.  Recollection.  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness. 

rem"-i-nis-cen'-tial.  Reminiscent.  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness. 

re-mise'.     To     relinquish.     Duty-Immunity. 

re-miss'.  Negligent.  Activity-Indolence,  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness, Readiness-Reluctance,  Rule- 
License. 

re-mis'-sion.  Forgiveness;  relaxation.  Discontinu- 
ance-Continuance, Pardon-  Vindictiveness,  Rule- 
License,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

re-miss'-ness.     Neglect.     Activity-Indolence. 


Forgetfulnes  s — Phrases . 
Non  mirecordo  [It.].     I  do  not  remember. 
The  memory  being  at  fault.  | 

The  memory  deserting  one.  >  Weak  of  memory;  forgetful. 
The  memory  failing  one.      J 


REMEMBRANCE— Verbal  Expressions— Continued. 

rote;  say  one's  lesson;  sink  in  the  mind;  stamp  in  the  memory; 
store  in  the  memory;  store  the  memory  with;  stuff  the  memory 
with;  summon  up;  tangere  ulcus  [L.]t  to  touch  the  wound;  task 
the  memory;  tax  the  memory;  think  upon;  trace  back;  trace  back- 
wards; treasure  up  in  the  memory. 

Remembrance — Adjectives, 

Fresh.     In  the  memory. 

Green.     Unforgotten. 

Green  in  remembrance. 

Indelible.     Not  to  be  blotted  out. 

Memorable.     Worthy  to  be  remembered. 

Mindful.     Regarding  with  thoughtful  care. 

Pent  up  in  one's  memory.)  „  ,         , 

■n  I  *     *u         •    j  f  Remembered. 

Present  to  the  mind.  ) 

Remembered.  ~| 

Remembering.  >  Known  by  memory.     See  Verbs. 

Retained  in  the  memory.  J 

Unforgotten.     Remembered. 

Uppermost  in  one's  thoughts. 

Within  one's  memory.     See  Nouns. 

Remembrance — Adverbs, 

By  heart.     From  memory;  quickened  by  feeling. 

By  rote.     By  mere  repetition. 

In  memoriam  [L.].     In  memory  of. 

In  memory  of.     Serving  as  a  memento. 

Memoriter  [L.].     From  memory. 

Suggestive.     Likely  to  recall  something  else. 

Without  book.     From  memory. 

Remembrance — Phrases. 

Absens  Uteres  non  erit  [L.].     The  absent  man  will  not  be  heir. 

Beatcs  memoritf  [L.].     Of  blessed  memory. 

Forsan  hac  olim  meminisse  juvabit  [L.Q.     Perhaps  it  will  even  l>e 

pleasant  hereafter  to  remember  these  things.  [Virgil,  ALneid,  i ,  203 .[ 
Littera  scripta  manet  [L.].     The  written  word  remains. 
Manet  alta  mente   repostunt    [L.j.       It  remains  deeply  fixed  in  il-.e 

mind.     [Virgil,  AZneid,  i,  26.3 
Memoria  in  ceternd  [L.].     In  everlasting  remembrance. 
Mendacetn  memorem  esse  oportet    [L.].      A  liar  needs  to  have  a  good 

memory.     [Quintilian,  Institutes,  IV,  ii,  91.] 
Vox  audita  peril,   littera  scripta  manet    [L.].      The    spoken    word 

perishes,  the  written  word  remains. 

re-mit'.  To  abate;  pardon;  send  money.  Action- 
Passiveness,  Diaphaneity-Opalescence,  Discon- 
tinuance-Continuance, Pardon- Vindictiveness, 
Taking-Restitution,  Turbulence-Calmness. 
re-mit'-tance.  Payment.  Money,  Settlement-De- 
fault. 

Periodic.     Periodicity-Irregularity. 
One     who     remits.       Taking-Restitu- 


re-mit'-tent. 
re-mit'-ter. 

TION. 

rem'-nant . 
re-mod'-el. 


Remainder.      Increment-Remnant. 
To  rearrange.     Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Conversion-Reversion,  Revolution. 

re-mol'-li-ent.     Softening.    Hardness-Softness,  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness. 

re-mon'-strance.     Reproof.     Approval-Disapproval, 
Motive-Dehortation. 

re-mon'-strate.     To  urge  reasons  against.     Approval- 
Disapproval,  Motive-Dehortation. 

rem'-o-ra.    Kind  of  sucking-fish;    stagnation.     Cohe- 
sion-Looseness, Obstruction-Help. 

re-morse'.     Anguish.      Repentance-Obduracy. 

re-morse'-less.      Lacking    remorse.      Pardon- Vindic- 
tiveness, Repentance-Obduracy. 

re-mote'.     Distant;  unconnected.    Connection-Inde- 
pendence,   Remoteness-Nearness:      remote   age, 


REMOTE. 


NEARNESS. 


Future-Past;     remote  cause,  Cause-Effect; 
mote  future,  Future- Past. 


re-mote'-ness.     The  state  of  being  distant.     Remote- 
ness-Nearness. 


REMOTENESS— NEARNESS. 


Dispersion.     State  of  being  scattered  far  and  wide. 

Distance*     Remoteness  of  a  place .  period  of  time. 

Elongation.     Extension,  protraction    separation. 

Far  cry  to.     A  great  distance. 

Farness.     The  state  of  being  ai'ar  off    remote. 

Longinquity.      Greatness  of  distance. 

Long  range.     A  long  distance 

Reach.     A  long  unbroken  stretch. 

Remoteness.     A  great  distance  from  a  specified  point. 

Removedness.     The  state  of  being  separated  by  a  long  distance.       » 

Space.     An  interval  between  points  or  objects 

Remoteness — Denotatiotts. 

Antipodes.     A  place  or  region  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  earth. 
Aphelion.     The  point  in  an  orbit  of  a  planet  farthest  from  the  sun. 
Background.       That  part  in  a  picture  which  is  behind  the  principal 

objects  represented. 
Echimeter.     An  instrument  for  measuring  distances  between  objects 

near  the  horizon. 
Foreign  parts.     Regions  in  another  country. 
Giant's  stride.     A  long  distance 

Horizon.     The  line  on  the  earth's  surface  that  bounds  the  view. 
Ne  plus  ultra  [L.J      The  farthest  point,  the  limit. 
Offing.     That  part   of  the  visible  sea  distant  from  shore,  beyond 

anchorage-ground. 
Outlier.     That  which  is  without  or  beyond  the  main  body. 
Outpost.     The  station  held  by  a  body  of  troops  at  a  distance  from  the 

main  body 
Outskirts.     A  place  or  situation  on  or  near  the  border. 
Parallax.     The  distance  between  the  directions  of  a  body  from  the 

earths  center  and  from  a  point  of  observation  on  its  surface. 
Span.     The  entire  distance  covered  by  anything. 
Stride.     A  long  measured  step. 
Ultima  Tkule  [L.J.     The  most  remote  land  of  the  world.     [Virgil, 

Georgics,  i  30.] 

Remoteness — Verbs. 

Be  distant.     Separated;  faraway. 

Extend  to.     To  reach  to;  stretch  to. 

Get  to.     Arrive  at,  attain. 

Go  to.     Travel  toward. 

Keep  at  a  distance.     To  be  far  removed  from. 

Range.     To  reach  out  in  an  unbroken  space 

Reach  to.     To  extend  to  a  distance. 

Remain  at  a  distance.     Stay  away;  go  no  nearer. 

Spread.     To  extend  over  some  area. 

Stand  aloof.     Keep  away  from. 

Stand  away.     To  be  removed  from. 

Stand  clear  of.     To  be  distant  from. 

Stand  off.     Keep  at  a  distance. 

Stretch  away.     To  fade  from  view. 

Stretch  to.     Cause  to  extend. 

Remoteness — Adjectives. 

Antipodean.     Pertaining  to  those  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  earth. 

Distal.     Remote  from  the  origin  or  center. 

Distant      Separated. 

Far.     A  long  way  orf;  remote. 

Far  away.     Distant. 

Far  off.     Remote. 

Hyperborean.     Most  northern ;  beyond  the  frozen  north. 

Inaccessible.     Unapproachable;  not  to  be  reached. 

Incontiguous.     Not  in  contact;  separate. 

Out  of  the  way.     Secluded;  hard  to  find. 

Remote.     Distant;  faraway. 

Stretching  to.     Reaching  far  out. 

Telescopic.     To  be  seen  only  by  a  telescope. 

Tramontane.     Beyond  the  mountains. 

Transalpine.     Beyond  the  Alps. 

Transatlantic.     Beyond  the  Atlantic. 

Transmarine.     Across  the  sea. 

Transmontane.     Across-  the  mountain 

Ulterior.     Further;  beyond. 

Ultramontane.     Beyond  the  mountain. 

Ultramundane.     Beyond  the  world. 

Unapproachable.!  „.       t.  ...  .  .     „ 

Unapproached.    jWantic;  awe-inspiring    not  to  be  reached. 


Adjacency.     State  of  lying  close  by. 

Approach.     A  coming  near. 

Bow-shot.     The  distance  to  which  an  arrow  may  be  sent  from  &  bow 

Contiguity.     Nearness,  proximity. 

Convergence.     The  state  of  coming  nearer  to. 

Ear-shot.     The  distance  at  which  sounds  may  be  heard. 

Gun-shot.     The  range  or  reach  of  a  gun. 

Hairbreadth.     The  width  of  a  hair. 

Nearness.     State  of  being  near. 

Pistol-shot.     The  range  of  a  pistol. 

Propinquity.     Close  relation. 

Proximity.     Nearness  in  time,  place,  or  relation. 

Short  cut.     The  shortest  distance. 

Short  distance.     The  nearest  way. 

Short  step.     A  short  distance 

Stone's  throw.     The  distance  to  which  a  stone  may  be  thrown. 

Nearness — Denotations. 

Alentours  [F.J.     The  grounds  round. 

Ranlieue  [F.J.     The  outskirts. 

Borderer.     One  who  dwells  near  the  border  of  a  country. 

Borderland.     Land  on  the  border  of  two  adjoining  countries. 

Bystander.     One  who  stands  by. 

Confines.     Borderlands. 

Environs.     The  surrounding  region. 

Neighbor.     One  who  lives  near  another. 

Neighborhood      The  region  lying  near  where  one  resides. 

Perihelion.     The  point  in  the  orbit  of  a  planet  where  it  is  nearest  to 

the  sun. 
Purlieus.     The  outskirts  of  any  place. 

Span.     The  extreme  space  over  which  the  hand  can  be  expanded. 
Suburbs.     A  region  or  place  adjacent  to  a  city. 
Vicinage.     Neighboring  places. 
Vicinity.     Neighborhood. 
Whereabouts.     The  place  in  or  near  which  a  person  or  thing  is 

Nearness — Verbs. 

Adjoin.     Border  upon;  append. 

Approximate.     To  come  nearer  to. 

Be  near.     To  be  only  a  short  distance  from. 

Border  upon.     To  touch  or  come  in  contact  with. 

Bring  near.     To  come  close  to.     See  Approach. 

Burn.     To  approach  very  near  to  a  concealed  object. 

Clasp.     To  take  hold  of;  seize. 

Cling  to.     Adhere;  embrace. 

Converge.     To  come  near  to.     See  Concentration. 

Crowd.     To  bring  together  closely.     See  Gathering. 

Draw  near.     To  come  close  to. 

Hang  about.     To  cling  to. 

Hang  upon  the  skirts  of.     Follow  closely. 

Huddle.     To  cling  close  to. 

Hug.     To  embrace ;  clasp  in  the  arms  tightly. 

Hover  over.     To  hang  over. 

Place  side  by  side.     To  place  in  contact. 

Stand  by.     To  stand  by  the  side  of. 

Tread  on  the  heels  of.     Follow  up  too  closely 

Trench  on.     Encroach. 

Verge  upon.     To  come  next  to. 

Nearness — Adjectives. 

At  hand.     Close  to. 

Adjacent.     Contiguous. 

Adjoining.     Lying  next,  bordering. 

Close.     Nearby. 

Close  at  hand.     Near 

Handy.     Convenient;  close  at  hand. 

Home.     Nearest  to. 

Intimate.     Confidential,  familiar. 

Near.     Close  by 

Near  at  hand.      Not  remote ;  neighborly 

Near  run.     Almost  deprived  of. 

Near  the  mark.     Close  to. 

Neighboring.     Closely  associated. 

Nigh.     Near,  being  close  by. 

Nearness — Adwrbt. 
About.     Nearly 
Alongside.     Side  by  side. 


REMOTENESS. 


889 


RENEWAL. 


REMOTENESS—  NEARNESS—  Continued, 


Wide  of. 
Yon.  1 
Yonder.) 


REMOTENESS— Adjectives— Continued. 
Far  from  the  mark. 
At  a  distance. 

Remoteness — Adverbs,  etc. 


Abroad.     In  distant  lands;  widely. 

Ar «  off .  i  At  a  greM  aistance- 

A  good  way  off.     Quite  a  distance  removed. 

A  great  way  off.)  -     ,  remote 

A  long  way  off.  i 

Aloof.     Away  from. 

Apart.     Isolated;  aside;  separate. 

A  perte  de  v  ue  [F.J     Out  of  sight. 

Asunder.     Apart ;  separated  from  one  another. 

At  arm's  length.     At  a  distance  as  long  as  the  arm. 

Away.     Far  from. 

Beyond.     On  the  other  side;  out  of  reach. 

Clear  of.     Separated  from. 

Far  and  wide.     Comprehensively;  broadly. 

Far  away.     At  a  distance. 

Far  off.     Remote;  at  a  great  distance. 

Farther.     At  a  greater  distance. 

From  pole  to  pole.     Covering  the  whole  world. 

further.     More  remote;  farther 

Longo  intervallo  [L.].     With  a  long  interval. 

ffobody  knows  where.     Out  of  sight. 

Off.     At  a  distance  from. 

Out  of  hearing.     So  far  as  not  to  hear  a  sound  from. 

Out  of  reach.     Unattainable. 

Out  of  the  sphere.     Out  of  the  proper  field  of  action. 

Out  of  the  way.     Separated  from. 

Outre  met  [F.]      Beyond  the  sea. 

re-mo'-tion.     Act  of  removing.    Transfer. 

re-mov'-al.  Change  of  place.  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion, Arrival-Departure,  Establishment-Re- 
moval, Injection-Ejection,  Transfer. 

re-move'.  To  take  or  go  away  or  back;  course;  class. 
Addition-Subtraction,  Approach-Withdrawal, 
Arrival-Departure,  Entity-Nonentity,  Estab- 
lishment-Removal, Injection-Ejection,  Instruc- 
tor-Pupil, Nutriment-Excretion,  Station;  re- 
move the  mask,  Exposure-Hidingplace. 

re-mov'-ed-ness.  State  of  being  removed.  Remote- 
ness-Nearness. 

re-mu'-gi-ent.     Rebellowing.     Cry-Ululation. 

re-mu'-ner-ate.     To     repay.     Recompense-Punition, 

USEFULNESS-USELESSNESS. 

re-mu"-ner-a'-tion.  Compensation.  Recompense-Pu- 
nition. 

re-mu'-ner-a-tive.  Profitable.  Gain-Loss,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness. 

re-mu'-ner-a-to"-ry.  Compensating.  Recompense- 
Punition. 

Re-nais"-sance\     Revival.     Renovation-Relapse. 

re-nas'-cent.     Revived.     Renewal. 

ren-con'-ter.  To  encounter.  Interspace  -  Contact, 
Strife-Peace. 

ren-coun'-ter.  To  meet  by  surprise.  Arrival-Depar- 
ture, Interspace-Contact,  Strife-Peace. 

rend.  To  separate.  Union-Disunion;  rend  the  air, 
Cry-Ululation,  Loudness-Faintness;  rend  the 
heart-strings,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

ren'-der.  To  alter;  totranslate;  to  give.  Conversion- 
Reversion,  Giving-Receiving,  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation,  Taking-Restitution;  render 
an  account,  Account,  Enlightenment-Secrecy; 
render  a  service,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

ren'-dez-vous.  Meeting  place.  Gatherixgplace, 
Gathering-Scattering. 

ren-di'-tion.  Translation;  surrender.  Interpreta- 
tion-Misinterpretation, Taking-Restitution. 

ren'-e-gade.  Deserter.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Conver- 
sion-Reversion, Patriotism-Treason,  Upright- 
ness-Rogue. 


NEARNESS—  Adverbs— Continued. 

Approximately.    I  N      , 
Approximatively./  ™eauy- 
Beside.     By  the  side  of. 
Hereabouts.     In  this  place. 
Near.     At  a  short  distance  from. 
Nigh.     Near. 

*mgniy.     approximately. 
Thereabouts.     About. 
Well-nigh.     Nearly. 

Nearness — Adverbial  Phrases, 

As  good  as;  at  close  quarters ;  at  no  great  distance;  at  one's  door;  at 
one's  elbow;  at  one's  feet;  at  one's  finger  ends;  at  one's  side;  at  the 
heels  of;  at  the  point  of;  bordering  upon;  but  a  step  to;  cheek  by 
jowl;  close  to;  close  upon;  fast  by;  hard  by;  in  juxtaposition;  in 
preference  of;  in  round  numbers;  in  sight  of;  in  the  environs;  in 
the  way;  next  door  to;  not  far  from;  on  the  confines  of;  on  the 
skirts  of;  on  the  tip  of  one's  tongue;  on  the  verge  of;  side  by  side; 
tite-a-tite  [F.],  head  to  head;  under  one's  nose;  verging  to;  with- 
in an  ace;  within  a  stone's  throw;  within  call;  within  ear-shot; 
within  hearing ;  within  reach;  yard-arm  to  yard-arm. 


REMOTENESS— Adverbs,  etc.  —Continued. 

Over  the  border.     Beyond  the  verge.  4 

Over  the  hills  and  far  away.     At  a  great  distance  from. 

To  the  ends  of  the  earth.     To  the  most  remote  places. 

To  the  uttermost  parts.     Farthest  away. 

Wide  apart.     Far  from  one  another. 

Wide  asunder.     Thrown  far  apart. 

Wide  away.    -Far  distant. 

Wide  of  the  mark.     Not  near  to  the  spot  aimed  at. 

re-new.  To  repeat;  to  restore;  to  begin  again.  Doub- 
ling-Halving, Recurrence,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness,  Renewal,  Renovation-Relapse;  re- 
new one's  strength,  Weariness-Refreshment. 

re-new'-al.  Revival.  Doubling  -  Halving,  Recur- 
rence, Renewal,  Renovation-Relapse. 

RENEWAL. 

Apotheosis.     The  act  of  placing  a  mortal  among  the  gods;  deification. 

Generation.     Act  of  begetting  or  reproducing.     See  Creation. 

Multiplication.     Act  of  increasing  in  number. 

New  edition.     A  reissue  of  a  publication. 

Palingenesia.     A  new  birth. 

Phenix.     A  sacred  bird  fabled  to  burn  itself  on  an  altar  and  then 

rise  afresh  from  the  ashes. 
Reanimation.     The  condition  of  living  again. 
Reappearance.     The  act  or  process  of  coming  into  view  again. 
Regeneration.     See  sub  Verbs. 
Regenesis.     Renewal. 
Regrowth.     A  growing  again. 
Renewal.     The  act  of  renewing  or  restoring. 
Renovation.     The  act  of  making  over  again. 
Reprint.     An  edition  of  an  already  printed  work  that  is  a  verbatim 

copy  of  the  original. 
Reproduction.     The  process  by  which  life  is  continued  from  one 

generation  to  another.     See  Verbs 
Restoration.     The  act  of  restoring  to  a  former  place  or  condition. 
Resurrection.     A  rising  again  from  the  dead. 
Resuscitation.     Revial  from  apparent  death. 
Revival.     Resuscitation;   a  giving  of  new  life  or  vigor. 
Revivification.     Act  of  recalling  to  life. 

Renewal — Verbs. 

Crop  up.     To  spring  up;  sprout 

Multiply.     To  increase  in  number. 

Put  into  the  crucible.     To  remold. 

Reanimate.     To  renew  the  life  of. 

Refashion.     To  form  into  shape  a  second  time. 

Regenerate.     To  give  new  birth  or  strength. 

Renew.     To  make  new  again,   to  restore  to  a  former  condition. 

Renovate.     To  repair  or  make  good  again  what  has  fallen  into  a  bad 

condition. 
Repeat.     To  say  or  do  over  again. 
Reproduce.     To  bring  forward  or  exhibit  afresh. 
Restore.     To  bring  back  to  life. 
Resuscitate.     To  revive  from  apparent  death. 


RENEWAL. 


890 


RENOVATION— RELAPSE. 


Revive.     To  inspire  with  new  life  and  vigor. 
Revivify.     To  revive-  revivify  is  more  intense  than  revive. 
Spring  up  like  mushrooms.     To  grow  up  very  rapidly. 
Stir  the  embers.     To  put  new  force  and  vigor  into. 

Renewal — Adjectives. 
Reappearing.     Showing  forth  again.     See  Verbs. 
Renascent.     Revived;   reanimated. 
Reproducing.     Bringing  forth  new  life.     See  Verbs. 
Reproductive.     Employed  in  reproduction. 

ren'-i-form.  Kidney-shaped.  Curvation-Rectiline- 
arity. 

re-ni'-tence.  Reluctance;  offering  resistance;  elastic. 
Cooperation  -  Opposition,  Hardness  -  Softness, 
Readiness-Reluctance,  Reprisal-Resistance. 


re-ni'-ten-cy.  Renitence.  Elasticity-Inelasticity, 
Light-Darkness. 

re-ni'-tent.  Resisting.  Cooperation-Opposition, 
Elasticity-Inelasticity,  Reprisal-Resistance. 

re-nounce'.  To  disown.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Duty- 
Dereliction,  Healthiness-Sickness,  Keeping- 
Relinquishment,  Quest- Abandonment. 

renovate  dolorem  infandum  [L.]  (ren-o-ve'-ri  do-lo'- 
rem  infan'-dum) .  To  revive  unspeakable  grief.  Con- 
tentedness-Regret. 

ren'-o-vate.  To  renew.  Renewal,  Renovation-Re- 
lapse. 

ren'-o-va"-ted.     Renewed.    Novelty-Antiquity. 

ren"-o-va'-tion.  Renewal.  Novelty-Antiquity  ,  Re- 
newal, Renovation-Relapse. 


RENOVATION— RELAPSE. 


Cicatrization.     A  healing  of  an  ulcer  by  inducing  the  formation  of 

connective  tissue. 
Convalescence.     A  progressive  recovering  of  health  after  sickness. 
Curableness.     State  of  being  able  to  be  restored. 
Cure.     A  complete  restoration  to  health  and  strength. 
Disinfection.     A  purification  from  infecting  matter. 
Healing.     The  act  or  process  of  healing,  or  of  restoring  to  a  former 

state  of  health.     See  Verbs. 
Instauration.     Restoration  after  decay;  renewal. 
New  birth.     The  beginning  of  a  new  condition  in  the  spiritual  life. 
Palingenesis.     A  second  birth  into  a  higher  life. 
Phenix.     A  fabled  bird  said  to  arise  anew  from  its  own  burning. 
Reaction.     A  tendency  to  a  former  state,  be  it  good  or  evil. 
Reanimation.     The  infusion  of  new  life,  vigor,  etc. 
Rechauffe"  [F-]      Anything  warmed  anew. 
Reclamation.     A  bringing  into  a  better  state. 
Reconstruction.     A  making  again;  a  restoration. 
Reconversion.     A  second  conversion. 
Recovery.     The  act  of  gaining  again,  as  one's  health. 
Recruitment.     A  building  up  anew  with  fresh  supplies.      See  Verbs. 
Rectification.     The  act  or  operation  of  making  right. 
Recure.     A  second  cure. 

Recurrence.     The  act  of   recurring,  or  of  resorting.     See  Verbs. 
Redemption.     A  rescue  from  sin  and  its  consequences;  a  recovery;  a 

buying  back.     See  Rescue. 
Redintegration.     Restoration  to  a  whole  and  sound  state. 
Reestablishment.     An  establishment  anew;  a  restoration. 
Refreshment.     The    act    of    refreshing     or   of   reinvigorating.     See 

Weariness-Refreshment. 
Regeneracy.     State  of  being  regenerated  or  of  being  born  into  a  new- 
life. 
Regenerateness.     State  of  being  regenerated. 
Regeneration.     Act  of  being  renewed  spiritually. 
Regenesis.     State  of  being  born  or  produced  again. 
Regrowth.     New  growth. 
Rehabilitation.     Restoration  to  former  state. 
Reinstatement.     A  putting  back  in  a  place  previously  occupied. 
Rejuvenescence.     A  renewal  of  youth. 
Relief.     A  freeing  wholly  or  in  part  from  an  evil  or  hardship.     See 

Alleviation. 
Renaissance.     A  new  birth;   specifically  the  revival  of  letters  and  art 

at  the  end  of  the  medieval  period. 
Renovation.     A  making  as  good  as  new;  a  purification. 
Reorganization.     An  organizing  anew. 
Repair.     A  restoration  to  a  sound  condition  after  decay,  lapse,  or 

injury. 
Reparation.     The  act  of  repairing,  as  of  an  injury;    an  indemnifi- 
cation. 
Replacement.     A   putting   back   in    place;     a  substitution    in    the 

pla-^e  of. 
Reproduction.     Act  of  producing  again;    a  bringing  back  of  what 

previously  existed  or  was  known.     See  Renewal. 
Restitution.     The  act  of  putting  back  something  that  was  taken 
away,  a  making  good  of  a  loss,  an  indemnification.     See  Taking- 
Restitution. 
Restoral.     A  restoration. 

Restoration.     The  act  of  bringing  back  to  a  former  state,   a  recon- 
struction out  of  existing  materials  into  its  former  condition. 
Resumption.     A  beginning  again  after  cessation;   a  taking  into  pos- 
session again  after  relinquishment. 
Resumption  [F.fl      A  resumption. 
Resuscitation.     A  restoration  to  life;   revivification. 
Retrieval.     Restoration  to  an  improved  condition  from  one  of  loss  or 
disaster;   a  remedying  of  the  evil  consequences  of  an  action. 


Backset.     A  taking  back. 

Backsliding.     A  falling  back,  as  in  religion. 

Deterioration.     The  process  of  deteriorating,  of  growing  worse.     See 

Betterment- Deterioration. 
Falling  back.     A  falling  into  sickness  or  the  like.     See  Verbs. 
Lapse.     A  gradual  falling  away;  a  slip. 
Recidivation.     A  backsliding. 
Recrudescence.     An  increased  severity  of  a  disease  after  a  temporary 

remission. 
Relapse.     A  falling  back,  especially  in  a  former  state  of  sickness  or 

wickedness. 
Retrogradation.     The  act  of  retrograding,  or  of  moving  backwards. 

See  Advance-Retrogression. 
Tabescence.     A  state  of  emaciation. 


Relapse — -Verbs. 


F!mbfckn'}Torelapse- 


Fall  off.     To  withdraw;  apostatize.     See  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion. 
Lapse.     To  fall  back  or  away. 
Recividate.     To  backslide. 
Relapse.     To  turn  back  into  a  former  state. 

Retrograde.     To  move  backward.     See  Advance-Retrogression. 
Return.     To  turn  back;  come  to  the  same  place. 
Sink  back. '  ,,.        , 
Slideback.iTorelapse- 


RENOVATION— Continued. 

Reviction.     A  return  to  life. 

Revival.     The  act  of  reviving  or  of  renewing  interest  in  any  subject. 

Revivification.     A  giving  of  new  life  spirit,  or  energy  to. 

Reviviscence.     A  renewal  of  life. 

Rifacimento  [It.]      Renewal;  reestablishment. 

Sanation.     The  act  of  healing. 

Second  youth.     A  renewal  of  youth;  a  feeling  of  becoming  younger. 

Tinkering.     A  mending  or  patching. 

Renovation — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Cobbler.     One  who  repairs  shoes. 

Tinker.     An  itinerant  repairer  in  small  metal  utensils. 
Vis  medicatrix  [L.].     A  healing  force.     See  Remedy. 

Renovation. —  Verbs. 
Be  oneself  again.     To  recover  from  an  injury  or  sickness. 
Bind  up  wounds.     To  dress  the  wounds. 
Botch.     To  repair  in  an  imperfect  and  clumsy  manner. 
Break  of.     To  cure  of. 

Bring  round.     To  restore,  as  from  a  sickness. 
Calk.     To  make  tight,  as  the  seams  of  a  boat,  by  filling  with  waste 

matter. 
Careen.     To  make  a  vessel  lean  over  on  one  side  so  that  the  other 

may  be  repaired. 
Caulk.     To  calk 

Cicatrize.     To  cause  to  heal  by  inducing  a  formative  tissue. 
Cobble.     To  mend  or  repair  coarsely. 
Come  round.  \  T    restore  tQ  h    fth 

Come  round  to  oneself.  I 
Come  to.     To  revive,  as  from  a  swoon. 
Come  to  life  again.     To  revive. 
Come  to  oneself.     To  recover  your  senses. 
Correct.     To  make  right  what  is  wrong. 
Cure.     To  restore  to  soundness  or  health;   to  heal 


RENOVATION. 


891 


REO. 


RENOVATION— Verbs— Continued. 


Darn.     To  repair  a  hole  by  filling  with  yarn. 

Doctor.     To  repair,  take  medical  advice. 

Do  up.     To  make  fresh  and  clean. 

Fill  up.  I  _. 

Fill  up  the  ranks./  To  recrmt. 

Fine  draw.     To  repair  a  hole  or  rent  by  filling  up  with  new  thread  so 

carefully  that  it  is  almost  imperceptible. 
Get  over.     To  recover. 
Get  round.     To  become  well. 

Get  round  about.     To  be  able  to  move  about,  after  a  sickness. 
Get  the  better  of.     To  overcome  a  weakness. 
Get  well.     To  be  restored. 

Heal.     To  restore  to  health;   make  sound,  as  an  injury. 
Heelpiece.     To  provide  with  a  heelpiece. 
Live  again.     To  recover  from  sickness. 
Make  all  square.     To  make  sound. 
Make  good.     To  indemnify. 
Make  whole.     To  restore. 
Medicate.     To  treat  with  medicine. 
Patch  up.     To  fix  a  broken  or  torn  part. 
Physic.     To  give  medicine  to. 

Place  in  statu  quo.     To  put  in  the  position  in  which  it  was. 
Plaster  up.     To  conceal  the  defects  of,  as  by  plastering. 
Pull  through.     To  recover,  but  with  difficulty. 
Put  back.     To  reinstate. 

Put  in  complete  repair.     To  repair;  restore;  renew. 
Put  in  order.     To  arrange.     See  Organization. 
Put  in  repair. 
Put  right. 

Put  straight.  >  To  repair;  restore;  renew. 

Put  through  repair,  i 
Put  to  rights.  J 

Rally.     To  recover  strength  and  vigor;   to  restore  to  discipline,  as  a 

demoralized  army. 
Reanimate.     To  call  back  to  life;  reinvigorate. 
Reappear.     To  appear  again. 

Rebuild.     To  build  again  after  destruction  or  decay. 
Recall  to  life.     To  revive. 

Reclaim.     To  call  back;  restore  land  to  use;  reform. 
Reconstitute.     To  constitute  again. 
Reconstruct.     To  rebuild. 
Reconvert,     To  convert  again. 
Recoup.     To  gather  strength  as  compensation  for  what  was  lost; 

reimburse.     See  Taking-Restitution.  . 
Recover.     To  get  again;  regain  health  after  sickness. 
Recruit.     To  repair  with  fresh  supplies  *,  renew  in  strength,  vigor,  etc. 
Rectify.     To  make  right  what  is  wrong. 
Recure.     To  cure  again. 

Redeem.     To  purchase  back;  rescue  from  bondage,  as  of  sin. 
Redintegrate.     To  restore  to  soundness  or  wholeness. 
Redress.     To  set  right  a  wrong. 


Reestablish.     To  establish  again. 

Reestate.     To  reestablish. 

Refit.     To  equip  again. 

Refresh.  To  make  fresh;  relieve  from  fatigue.  See  Weariness- 
Refreshment. 

Regenerate.     To  give  new  life  to;  make  a  change  for  the  better. 

Rehabilitate.  To  invest  with  some  right  or  office  formerly  pos- 
sessed;  restore  to  former  position  or  privileges. 

Reinforce.     To  strengthen  with  new  force. 

Reinstall.     To  place  again  in  former  state  or  possession. 

Reinstate.     To  place  in  a  former  position. 

Reinvigorate.     To  invigorate  anew. 

Remedy.     To  cure*  repair. 

Renew.     To  make  new;  give  new  life  to. 

Renovate.     To  render  as  good  as  new. 

Reorganize.     To  reduce  again  to  an  organized  condition. 

Repair.     To  mend  or  restore  after  partial  destruction. 

Replace.     To  put  back  in  place. 

Reproduce.     To  produce  again.     See  Renewal. 

Rescue.     To  deliver  from  danger  or  disaster.     See  Rescue. 

Reseat.     To  seat  again. 

Restore.     To  cause  to  assume  a  former  condition;  reproduce. 

Resume.     To  begin  after  cessation;  take  back. 

Resuscitate.     To  restore  to  life. 

Retouch.     To  touch  again;  renew. 

Retrieve.     To  remedy  the  evil  consequences  of. 

Return  to  the  original  state.     To  replace  or  renew. 

Revive.     To  return  to  life;  reanimate. 

Revivify.     To  give  new  life  or  vigor  to. 

Right  itself.     To  free  from  fault,  etc 

Right  oneself.     To  make  well. 

Rise  again.     To  recover  from  disaster. 

Rise  from  one's  ashes.     To  rise  from  degradation. 

Rise  from  the  grave.     To  come  to  a  new  life. 

Set  on  one's  legs.     To  reestablish. 

Set  right.       "J 

Set  straight.   >-To  put  in  order;  restore. 

Set  to  rights.) 

Set  up.     To  establish  in  business. 

Skin  over.     To  cover  as  with  a  skin. 

Splice  To  join  or  unite,  as  the  ends  of  rope;  restore  to  former 
condition  of  wholeness. 

Sta        h  i  ^°  cnec^  tne  fl°w  °^  blood- 
Stop  a  gap.     To  fix  or  repair. 

Survive.     To  outlive;  exist  in  force  or  operation.     See  Lastingness. 
Tinker.     To  repair  clumsily. 

v  f  To  furnish  with  a  vamp;  repair. 

Warm  up.     To  animate. 
Weather  the  storm.     To  survive. 


Convalescent.     Recovering  health. 
Curable.     Capable  of  being  cured. 
Curative.     Tending  to  cure  diseases. 
In  a  fair  way.     Convalescing. 
None  the  worse.     Recovered  from  danger. 
Recoverable.     Able  to  recover. 
Recuperative.     Tending  to  recovery. 
Redivtvus  [LB.     Renewed. 
Remediable.     Capable  of  being  remedied. 
Remedial.     Intended  for  a  remedy. 


As  you  were.     As  in  a  former  condition. 


Renovation — Adjectives. 

ReparafoVry'.}  Tending  to  recover- 
Restorable.     Capable  of  being  restored. 
Restorative.     Tending  to  restore. 

Restorin'  >  Made  wel1  or strong-     See  Vnbs. 

Sanable.     Curable. 

Sanative.     Sanatory;  healing. 

Sanatory.     Promotive  of  health 

Renovation — Adverbs,  etc. 

In  statu  quo  [L  J      In  the  former  condition. 


Renovation — Phrases. 


Midecin.  gueris-toi  toi~m§me  [F.J      Physician,  heal  thyself. 
Revenotis  d  nos  moutons  [F„].      Let  us  return  to  our  [sheep]  subject. 


Vestigia  nulla  retrorsum  [L.J 
Epistles  I,  i,  74.] 


No  footsteps  backward.     [Horace, 


re-nown'.     Fame.     Reputation-Discredit. 

re-nowned'.     Famous.     Reputation-Discredit. 

re-nown '-less.     Unfamous.     Reputation-Discredit. 

rent.  Hole;  pay  for  use  of  something.  Buying-Sale, 
Interspace-Contact,  Loan-Borrowing,  Outlay- 
Income,  Union-Disunion. 

rent'-age.     Rent.     Outlay-Income. 

rent'-al.     Revenue.     Outlay-Income. 

rent'-er.     Tenant.     Holder. 


rent'-free".  Not  paying  rent.  Costliness-Cheap- 
ness. 

rent'-roll".     Income.     Outlay-Income,  Property. 

rents.     Houses  rented.     Dweller-Habitation. 

re-nun"-ci-a'-tion.  Denial;  abandonment.  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Commission-Abrogation,  Duty -Dere- 
liction, Quest-Abandonment. 

reo  absente  [L.]  (ri'-o  ab-sen'-ti).  In  the  absence  of  the 
defendant.     Litigation. 


REORGANIZATION. 


892 


REPENTANCE— OBDURACY. 


re-or"-gan-i-za'-tion.  The  act  of  reorganizing.  Ren- 
ovation-Relapse. 

re-or'-gan-ize .  To  organize  again,  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Conversion-Reversion,  Renova- 
tion-Relapse. 

re-pair'.  To  mend;  to  renew.  Atonement,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Renovation-Relapse,  Tak- 
ing-Restitution, Weariness-Refreshment;  out 
of  repair,  Betterment-Deterioration;  repair  to, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

rep"-a-ra'-tion.  Satisfaction.  Atonement,  Recom- 
pense-Punition,  Renovation-Relapse,  Taking- 
Restitution. 

re-par'-a-tive .  Serving  to  repair.  Renovation-Re- 
lapse. 

re-par'-a-to-ry.  Reparative.  Recompense-Punition, 
Renovation-Relapse. 

rep"-ar-tee'.     Witty  reply.       Investigation-Answer, 

WlTTINESS-DuLNESS. 

rep"-ar-tee'-ist.      One  ready  at  repartee.     Wag. 

re"-par-ti'-tion.     Redi  vision.     Assignment. 

re-pass'.  To  pass  again.  Pass  and  repass,  Transmis- 
sion, Vibration. 

re-past'.     Meal.      Nutriment-Excretion. 

re-pay7.  To  pay  back;  to  recompense.  Recompense- 
Punition,  Settlement-Default, 

re-pay '-ment.  Reimbursement.  Settlement-Default. 


re-peal'.     To  revoke.    Commission-Abrogation. 

re-peat'.  To  reproduce;  to  door  say  again.  Asser- 
tion-Denial, Doubling-Halving,  Habit-Desue- 
tude, Imitation-Originality,  Recurrence,  Re- 
membrance-Forgetfulness,  Renewal;  repeat  by 
rote,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

re-peat'-ed.  Done  or  occurring  often.  Frequency- 
Rarity,  Recurrence. 

re-peat'-ed-Iy.  Often.  Frequency-Rarity,  Recur- 
rence. 

re-peat'-er.  Watch;  firearm.  Chronology-Anach- 
ronism, Weapon. 

re-pel'.  To  force  back;  refuse.  Attack-Defense, 
Attraction-Repulsion,  Desire-Distaste,  Love- 
Hate,  Motive-Dehortation,  Pleasurablen  ess- 
Pain  fulness,  Proffer-Refusal,  Reprisal-Re- 
sistance, Sociability-Privacy. 

re-pel'-lent.  Repulsive.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Pain fulness,  Reprisal-Resistance. 

re-pel'-ling.  Thrusting  back.  Attraction-Repul- 
sion. 

re-pent'.  To  feel  sorrow  for  wrong  done.  Contknted- 
ness-Regret,  Repentance-Obduracy. 

re-pent'-ance.  Regret.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Repent- 
ance-Obduracy. 


REPENTANCE— OBDURACY. 


Acknowledgment.     The  act  of  acknowledging  or  confessing. 

Apology,  etc.  A  formal  acknowledgment  of  error  or  wrong,  etc. 
See  Atonement. 

Awakened  conscience.     Acknowledgment  of  wrong-doing. 

Compunction.     Pain  occasioned  by  a  sense  of  guilt. 

Compunctious  visitings  of  nature.      Pricks  of  conscience. 

Confession,  etc.  The  acknowledgment  of  faults  or  sins,  etc.  See 
Exposure. 

Contrition.     Deep  sorrow  and  penitence  for  sin. 

Death-bed  repentance.     Repentance  at  the  last  moment. 

Pangs  of  conscience.     Uneasiness  occasioned  by  guilt.     See  Nouns. 

Penance,  etc.  Punishment  or  suffering,  voluntary  or  imposed,  sub- 
mitted to  as  an  expression  of  repentance.     See  Atonement. 

Penitence.     Sorrow  for  sins. 

Prickings  of  conscience.      Pangs  of  conscience.     See  Nouns. 

Qualms  of  conscience.     Compunction. 

Recantation,  etc.  The  act  of  taking  back  openly,  etc.  See  Bigotry- 
Apostasy. 

Regret,  etc.  Pain  of  mind  arising  from  some  past  experience  or 
occurrence.     See  Contentedness-Regret. 

Remorse.     Anguish  of  conscience  produced  by  the  recollection  of  guilt. 

Repentance.  Sincere  sorrow  for  sin,  accompanied  by  a  turning 
away  from  sin. 

Resipiscence.     Wisdom,  derived  from  experience. 

Self-accusation.     Act  of  being  accused  by  one's  own  conscience. 

Self-condemnation.     Condemnation  by  one's  own  judgment. 

Self-humiliation.     The  state  of  bei  ng  humbled  by  oneself. 

Self-reproach.  \  «  , 

„.,        rftftf     j  Censure  by  one  s  own  conscience. 

Stings  of  conscience.     1 

Touch  of  conscience. 

Twinge  of  conscience.  J-  Compunctions.     See  Nouns. 

Twitch  of  conscience,    j 

Voice  of  conscience.      J 

Repentance — Denotations. 
A  sadder  and  a  wiser  man.     A  penitent  person. 
Magdalen.     The   woman  described  by  Luke  as  a  demoniac  from 

whom  seven  devils  were  cast  out. 
Penitent.     One  sorry  for  sin. 
Prodigal  son.     A  repentant  person. 

Repentance — Nouns  of  Place. 
Cutty-stooi.     A  seat  in  the  old  Scottish  churches,  where  offenders 

were  made  to  sit  to  receive  rebuke  *rom  the  minister. 
Locus  pesnitentice  [L.fl      The  place  of  repentance. 
Stool  of  repentance.     The  cutty-stoo/. 

Repentance — Verbs. 
Acknowledge.     To  admit  what  we  have  said  or  done,  good  or  bad. 
Beg  pardon,  etc.     To  apologize      See  Atonement 


Hardness  of  heart.     The  state  of  being  without  sympathy  or  pity. 

Impenitence.     The  state  of  being  impenitent. 

Induration.     Lack  of  feeling. 

Irrepentance.     Want  of  repentance. 

Obduracy.     Invincible  hardness  of  heart. 

Recusance.     The  state  of  being  obstinate  in  refusal. 

Seared  conscience.     A  conscience  not  susceptible  to  moral  influences. 

Obduracy — Verbs. 

Be  impenitent.     To  be  hardened  to  sin.     See  Adjectives. 
Die  and  make  no  sign.     To  die  impenitent. 
Die  game.     To  maintain  an  unyielding  spirit  to  the  end 
Harden  the  heart.     To  become  unsympathetic. 
Steel  the  heart.     To  harden  the  heart. 

O  b  dur  ac  y —  A  djec  lives. 
Graceless.      Lacking  in  grace;  depraved.     - 
Hardened.     Wanting  in  feeling;  confirmed  in  error. 
Impenitent.     Not  penitent. 
Incorrigible.     Beyond  hope  of  reclaiming. 
Irreclaimable.      Not  able  to  be  reclaimed. 
Lost.     Hardened  beyond  recovery. 
Obdurate.     Stubbornly  impenitent. 
Recusant.     Obstinate  in  refusal. 
Relentless.     Unyielding. 
Remorseless.     Wanting  in  remorse. 
Seared.     Hardened. 
Shriftless.     Without  absolution. 
Unatoned.     Not  expiated. 
TJncontrite.     Not  having  deep  sorrow  for  sin. 
Unreclaimed.     Not  reformed. 
Unreformed.     Not  improved  morally. 
Unrepentant.     Not  repentant. 
Unrepented.     Not  sorry  for  sin.     See  Verbs. 


REPENTANCE— Verbs— Continued. 

Be  penitent.)  To  express  sorrow  for  one's  own  wrong-doing. 

Be  sorry  for.J       Adjectives. 

Confess,  etc.     To  admit  our  faults,  etc.     See  Exposure. 

Cry  pvecavi  [L.]      To  cry  I  have  sinned. 

Humble  oneself.     To  bring  oneself  low;  to  humiliate  oneself. 

Knock  under,   etc.     To  acknowledge  oneself  conquered,  etc. 

Yielding. 
Learn  by  experience.     To  learn  of  wrong  by  committing  wrong. 
Own  oneself  in  the  wrong.     To  confesc. 
Plead  guilty.     To  present  the  answer  of  guilty. 
Put  on  the  new  man.     To  be  regenerated. 
Recant,  etc.     To  take  back  openly,  etc.     See  Bigotry-Apostast. 


See 


REPENTANCE. 


893 


REPRESENTATIVE. 


RE  PENTANCE— Verbs— Continued. 


Reclaim.     To  cause  to  reform  morally. 

Regret,  etc.  To  have  pain  of  mind  on  account  of  some  past  experi- 
ence, etc.     See  Contentedness-Regret. 

Repent.     To  feel  sincere  sorrow  for  and  to  turn  away  from  sin. 

Repent  in  sackcloth  and  ashes,  etc.  To  sincerely  repent.  See 
Atonement.     [Bible.] 

Rue.     To  extremely  regret. 


Sing  de  profundis.  To  sing  out  of  the  depths;  hence,  to  be  peni- 
tent.    To  sing  the  canticle  beginning  "  De  profundis." 

Sing  miserere.  To  implore  compassion  in  song.  To  sing  the  canticle 
beginning  "  Miserere." 

Think  better  of.     To  have  a  higher  regard  for. 

Turn  from  sin.     To  repent. 

Turn  over  a  new  leaf.     To  begin  to  live  better. 


Conscience-smitten.     Feeling  regret  or  remorse. 

Conscience-stricken.     Having  a  feeling  of  remorse. 

Contrite.     Humbly  penitent. 

Not  hardened.     Ready  to  turn  from  sin. 

Penitent.     Feeling  sorrow  on  account  of  sins  or  offenses. 

Penitential.     Pertaining  to  penitence. 


Repentance — Adjectives. 

Reclaimed.     Freed  from  sin.     See  Verbs. 

Repentant.     Showing  sorrow  for  sin. 

Repenting.     Expressing  sorrow  for  wrong  done.     See  Verbs. 

Self-accusing.     Accused  by  one's  conscience. 

Self -convicted.     Convicted  by  one's  consciousness  or  acts. 

Unhardened.     Not  confirmed  in  wickedness. 


Penitentiary.     Relating  to  penance  or  expressing  penitence. 


Repentance — Phrases. 


Erubuit,  salva  res  est    [L.J. 
Brothers,  IV,  v,  9.] 


He  blushes,  all    is    safe.      [Terence, 


Mea  culpa  [L.J     Through  my  fault. 
Peccavi  [L.J     I  have  sinned. 


Penitent.     Repentance-Obduracy. 
Deeply    regretting.      Repentance-Ob- 


re-pent'-ant. 
re-pent'-ing. 

DURACY. 

re"-per-cuss'.    To  drive  back.    Impetus-Reaction. 
re"-per-cus'-sion.    Rebound.     Impetus-Reaction. 
rep"-er-toire'.     List.     Acting. 

repertorium.    [L.]      (rep-er-to'-ri-um) .       A     catalogue. 
Store. 

Repository.     Store. 
Repeated  decimal.      Number,   Recur- 


rep'-er-to"-ry 
rep'-e-tend" . 

rence. 
re"-pe-ti'-tion. 


Act  of  repeating. 


Crash-Drumming, 
Discontinuance-Continuance,  Frequency- Rar- 
ity, Imitation-Originality,  Recurrence,  Rhet- 
oric, Uniformity-Diversity. 

re"-pe-ti'-tion-al.     Iterative.     Recurrence. 

re"-pe-ti'-tion-a-ry.    Repetitional.    Recurrence. 

re-pine'.  To  be  sad;  to  complain.  Contentedness- 
Discontentment,  Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Pleasurableness-Pain  fulness. 

re-pi'-ning.  Sorrowing.  Contentedness-Discontent- 
ment,  Contentedness-Regret. 

re-place'.  To  substitute;  to  restore.  Chemistry,  Com- 
mutation-Permutation, Establishment-Removal, 
Renovation-Relapse. 

re-place'-ment.  Reinstatement.  Chemistry,  Renova- 
tion-Relapse. 

re-plen'-ish.  To  fill  again.  Entirety-Deficiency, 
Provision- Waste. 

re-plete'.  Full.  Enough,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Ex- 
cess-Lack. 

re-ple'-tion.  Fulness.  Enough,  Excess-Lack,  Re- 
pletion. 

re-plev'-in.  Recovery  of  property  by  law.  Gain-Loss, 
Loan-Borrowing,  Taking-Restitution. 

re-plev'-y.  Recovery.  Gain-Loss,  Taking-Restitu- 
tion. 

rep"-li-ca'-tion .  Reply.  Investigation-Answer,  Lit- 
igation. 

re-ply'.  To  answer.  Investigation-Answer,  Justi- 
fication-Charge. 

ripondre  en  Normand  [F.]  (re-pon'dr'  an'  nor-man-). 
To  answer  in  French.     Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

re-port'.  Noise;  rumor;  account.  Account,  Crash- 
Drumming,  Decision-Mis.iudgment,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Mark-Obliteration,  Publicity, 
Tidings-Mystery;  good  report,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit; report  progress,  Enlightenment-Secrecy; 
through  evil  report  and  good  report,  Persistence- 
Whim. 

re-port'-ed.     Sfeated.     Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

re-port'-er.     Bearer  of  news;  journalist.     Enlighten- 


ment-Secrecy, Messenger,  Missive-Publication. 

re-ports'.    Judicial  opinions.     Litigation. 

re-pose'.  To  rest;  confide  in.  Hurry-Leisure,  Move- 
ment-Rest, Toil-Relaxation;  repose  confidence  in, 
Faith-Misgiving;  repose  on,  Evidence-Counter- 
bvidence,  Suspension-Support;  repose  on  one's 
laurels,  Discontinuance-Continuance,  Movement- 
Rest. 

re-pos'-ing.     Resting.    Toil-Relaxation. 

re-pos'-it.    Deposit.    Establishment-Removal. 

re"-po-si'-tion.    A  deposit.    Establishment-Removal. 

re-pos'-i-to-ry.    Storeroom.    Store. 

reposlum  manet  alia  mente  [L.]  (rep-os'-tum  me' -net 
al'-ta  men'-ti).  It  remains  fixed  deeply  in  the  mind. 
'Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

repoussi  [F.]  (re-pu"-se') .  Recoiling.  Convexity- 
Concavity. 

rep"-re-hend'.  To  chide.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

rep"-re-hen'-si-ble.  Deserving  reproof.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Goodness- Badness,  Innocence- 
Guilt,  Vice-Virtue. 

rep"-re-hen'-sion.    Reproof.    Approval-Disapproval. 

rep"-re-sent'.  To  act  as  agent  for;  to  portray.  Com- 
mission -  Abrogation,  Delineation  -  Caricature, 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Imitation-Originality, 
Manifestation-Latency,  Representative,  Sign; 
represent  to  oneself,  Fancy. 

rep"-re-sen-ta'-tion.  A  showing  or  drawing.  Acting, 
Copy-Model,  Delineation-Caricature,  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy, Nature-Art,  Sign. 

rep/'-re-sent'-a-tive.  Deputy.  Agent,  Commutation- 
Permutation,  Delineation-Caricature,  Presi- 
dent-Member, Representative,  Sign;  representa- 
tive of  the  people,  Council;  representative  of  the 
press,  Messenger,  Missive-Publication. 

REPRESENTATIVE. 

Alter  ego  [L.|.     Another  self. 

Commissioner.     One  who  bears  a  commission  or  warrant  from  some 

authority  to  act  in  its  behalf.     See  Consignee. 
Delegate.     One  sent  for  another  or  for  a  body  who  elected  him. 
Deputy.     An  assistant;  a  substitute. 

Lieutenant.     One  who  takes  his  superior's  place  during  absence. 
Locum  tenens  [L.[.     One  occupying  the  place. 
Next  friend.     One  designated  by  law  to  act  for  another. 
Proxy.     One  delegated  to  act  for  another. 
Representative.     A  substitute;  one  elected  to  carry  out  the  wishes 

of  his  constituents. 
Secondary.     One  deputed  to  carry  out  the  wishes  of  another. 
Substitute.     A  proxy;  a  lieutenant. 
Surrogate.     A  delegate;  one  who  presides  over  the  probates  of  wills 

and  testaments. 


REPRESENTATIVE. 


894 


REPRISAL— RESISTANCE. 


Wear.     A  substitute  in  office. 

Wee.     Second  in  rank;  logical  successor  to  a  superior 

Warden.     A  keeper;  a  guardian. 

Representative — Denotations. 

Archon.     The  first  of  the  nine  chief  magistrates  in  ancient  Athens. 
Chancellor.     The  chief  secretary  of  a  Roman  emperor;  the  chief 

justice  in  England. 
Consul.    A  government's  guardian  of  its  trade  and  seamen  in  foreign 

ports. 
Minister.     One  who  represents  a  government  at  the  court  of  some 

foreign  country. 
Plenipotentiary.     A  government  representative  at  a  foreign  court 

who*  is  entrusted  with  full  power  to  act  and  negotiate  for  his 

government. 
Prefect.     A  Roman  officer  who  had  charge  of  a  particular  depart- 
ment of  work. 
Premier.     The    responsible    head    of    the    English    cabinet.     See 

Manager. 
Proconsul.     One    who  takes  the  place  of  the    consul;    a  governor 

of  a  province. 
Provost.     The    appointed    head    of    some    college,    university,    or 

English  city. 
Regent.     The  temporary  ruler  in  the  minority,  absence,  or  disability 

of  the  king,  an  overseer. 
Tsung  U  Yamun.     A  Chinese  foreign  office. 
Vicar.       One  authorized  to  act  instead  of   another,  especially  in 

religious  functions. 
Vicegerent.     One   deputed  to  perform   the  functions  of    another; 

substitute  governor  or  ruler. 
Viceroy.     A  ruler  acting  in  the  place  of  a  sovereign.     See  Chief. 
Vizier,     A  councilor  of  state. 

Representative — Verbs. 
Ablegate.     To  commission. 
Accredit.     To  invest  with  authority. 
Answer  for.     To  be  one's  proxy. 
Appear  for.     To  be  one's  substitute. 


Be  deputy.     To  be  a  lieutenant. 

Represent.     To  stand  or  speak  in  the  place  of  another. 

Stand  for.     To  bear  the  responsibility  of. 

Stand  in  the  shoes  of.     To  fill  another's  place. 

Stand  in  the  stead  of.     To  be  a  deputy;  a  proxy. 

Walk  in  the  shoes  of.     To  follow  the  same  course. 

Representative — Adjectives. 

Accredited  to.     Bearing  a  warrant  to  deal  with.     See  Verbs. 
Acting.     Taking  the  part  of  another. 
Vice'.     In  the  place  of.     See  Nouns. 
Viceregal.     Pertaining  to  a  viceroy. 

Representative — Adverb. 

In  behalf  of.     On  account  of. 

rep"-re-sent'-ed.  Portrayed.  Delineation-Carica- 
ture. 

rep"-re-sent'-ing.  Portraying.  Delineation-Carica- 
ture, Likeness-Unlikeness. 

re-press'.  To  restrain.  Release-Restraint;  repress 
one's  feelings,  Excitability-Inexcitability;  re- 
press a  smile,  Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

re-pres'-sion.  Restraint.  Cooperation-Opposition, 
Release-Restraint. 

re-priev'-al.     Suspension.     Rescue. 

re-prieve'.  To  relieve  from  danger;  to  defer  punish- 
ment. Escape,  Exculpation-Conviction,  Pardon- 
Vindictiveness,  Rescue. 

rep"-ri-mand'.     Reproof.     Approval-Disapproval. 

re-print'.    To  print  anew.    Renewal. 

re'-print".     Copy.     Copy-Model. 

re-pri'-sal.  Retaliation.  Reprisal-Resistance,  Tak- 
ing-Restitution. 


REPRISAL— RESISTANCE. 


A  game  at  which  two  can  play.     Reprisal. 

A  Roland  for  an  Oliver.    Tit  for  tat.     [Rival  heroes  of  romance.] 

Blow  for  blow.     Like  for  like. 

Compensation.  That  which  makes  good  the  lack  or  variation  of 
something  else.     See  Compensation. 

Counterblast.     An  answering  argument. 

Counterplot.     A  plot  opposing  another  plot. 

Counterproject.     A  plan  to  overcome  another  plan. 

Counterstroke.     A  plan  in  opposition  to  another  plan. 

Diamond  cut  diamond.     A  contest  between  intellects  well  matched. 

Give  and  take.     The  giving  of  like  for  like. 

Measure  for  measure.     Like  for  like. 

Quid  pro  quo  [L.\     Something  for  something. 

Reaction.  Any  action  in  resistance  or  response  to  the  influence  of 
another  action  or  power.     See  Impetus-Reaction. 

Reciprocation.  A  mutual  giving  and  returning.  See  Interdepend- 
ence. 

Recrimination.     The  return  of  one  accusation  with  another. 

Reprisal.     A  taking  by  way  of  retaliation. 

Retaliation.     The  return  of  like  for  like. 

Retort.     A  censure  or  argument  returned 

Retribution.     The  act  of  requiting  actions  whether  good  or  bad. 

Revenge.     The  return  of  an  injury  received. 

The  biter  bit.  A  giving  or  inflicting  upon  one  what  he  inflicted 
upon  us. 

Tit  for  tat.     Retort  or  retaliation  in  kind. 

Reprisal — Verbs. 

Be  even  with.     To  have  retaliation. 

Be  hoist  on  one's  own  petard.  Blown  up  by  his  own  mine.  [Shake- 
speare, Hamlet,  III  iv.] 

Be  quits.     Be  even  with. 

Cap.  To  follo"v  tip  with  something  more  remarkable  than  what 
has  been  done. 

Catch  a  Tartar.  To  encounter  a  person  who  proves  too  strong  for 
the  assailant. 

Exchange  fisticuffs.     To  combat  with  the  fists. 

Give  and  take.     To  retaliate. 

Give  a  quid  pro  quo.     To  give  something  for  something. 

Give  as  muc!.  as  one  takes.     To  retaliate  in  kind. 

Payback.     To  i~tatiate;  to  revenge. 

p!3  !«  2?i«^  ^ln'}  To  return  like  treatment  for  like  treatment. 
Pay  in  the  same  coin.  ) 

Payoff.     To  retaliate;  to  recompense. 


Barring  out.     Shutting  out  from. 

Front.     The  manner  of  confronting  a  person. 

Insurrection.     An  organized  and  armed  resistance. 

Jacquerie.     The  peasant  insurrection  in  France  in  1358. 

Kicking.     Opposition.     See  Verbs. 

Lev4e  en  masse  [F.l     A  rising  in  force. 

Lockout.  The  shutting  up  of  a  place  of  business  by  the  employers 
to  punish  the  employees. 

Opposition.     The  act  of  opposing  or  resisting.     See  Antagonism. 

Oppugnation.     Opposition  or  resistance. 

Rebuff.     A  sudden  repulse. 

Recalcitration.     The  act  of  making  forcible  resistance. 

Reluctation.     Repugnance;  resistance. 

Renitence.     State  of  making  resistance. 

Repulse.     Act  of  repelling  or  state  of  being  repelled. 

Resistance.     The  act  of  resisting  or  making  opposition. 

Riot.  A  disturbancj  by  a  large  number  of  persons.  See  REGU- 
LARITY-IRREGULARITY. 

Stand.     A  standing  firmly  or  with  decision. 

Strike.     A  quitting  of  work  by  a  body  of  laborers  for  the  purpose  of 

compelling  employers  to  yiMd  to  their  demands. 
Turnout.     A  strike. 

Resistance — Verbs. 

Bear  up  against.     To  oppose;  to  offer  resistance. 

Be  proof  against.     To  be  capable  of  successful  resistance 

Breast  the  wave.    \  -,    ._.._.  maT,f„n„ 
_         ...  f  To  resist  mantully. 

Breast  the  wave.     ) 

Confront.     To  offer  resistance  face  to  face. 

Die  hard.     To  resist  till  death. 

Draw  up  a  round  robin.     To  resist  by  written  petition  with  the  sigtui 

tures  thereto  in  a  circle,  so  as  not  to  disclose  who  signed  first 

Face.     To  resist  to  the  face. 

Fly  in  the  face  of.     To  offer  defiant  resistance. 

Grapple  with.     To  contend  with. 

Hold  one's  ground.     To  continue  one's  resistance 

Hold  one's  own.     To  maintain  a  successful  resistance 

Hold  out.     To  continue  resisting. 

Keep  at  bay.     To  keep  an  opponent  at  a  standstill. 

^°1C'       •     .  f  To  offer  resistance  to. 
Kick  against.  > 

Kick  against  the  pricks.     To  resist  that  which  cannot  be  overcome. 

Lift  the  hand  against.     To  oppose.     See  Attack. 

Make  a  riot.     To  cause  turbulent  and  disorderly  resistance. 


REPRISAL. 


895 


REPULSION. 


REPRISAL—  RESISTANCE— Continued. 


REPRISAL — Verbs — Continued. 

Pay  off  old  scores.     To  revenge  old  injuries. 

Reciprocate.  To  give  and  return  mutually.  See  Commutation- 
Permutation. 

Retaliate.     To  return  like  for  like. 

Retort.     To  return  an  argument  or  incivility. 

Return  the  compliment.     To  give  back  a  compliment  in  return. 

Serve  one  right.     To  treat  one  as  he  deserves. 

Throw  a  stone  in  one's  garden.     Figurative  for  to  do  one  an  injury. 

Turn  the  tables  upon.  To  give  a  formerly  successful  opponent  fully 
the  worst  of  it. 

Turn  upon.     To  cause  to  operate  on  or  against;  to  return. 

Reprisal — Adjectives. 
Retaliating.  "} 

Retaliative.  [-Returning  like  for  like.     See  Verbs. 
Retaliatory.  3 

Reprisal — Adverbs,  etc. 

En  revanche  [F.].     In  return;  in  revenge. 
In  retaliation.     In  return  for.     See  Nouns. 

Reprisal — Phrases. 
Ab  alio  expectes,  alteri  quod  fecerzs  [L.].     Expect  to  receive  such 

treatment  as  you  have  given.     [Publius  Cyrus,  2.] 
A  beau  jeu,  beau  retour  [F.Q.     Tit  for  tat. 
Litem  .  .  .  Itte  resolvit  [L.]      He  settles  strife  by  strife.      [Horace, 

Satires,  II,  in,  103.] 
Mutato  nomine  de  te  fabula  narratur    [L.].     The  name  being  changed 

the  story  applies  to  you.     [Horace,  Satires,  I,  i,  69.] 
Par  pari  refero  [L.].       I  return  like  for  like,      [Terence,  Eunuch,  III, 

i.  55.] 
Suo  sibi  gladio  nunc  juguh    [L.J.     Fight  him  with  his  own  weapons. 
Tu  quoqiie  [L .].     You  also. 
You're  another. 


RESISTANCE — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 


Resistant. "J 

Resisting.  >■  Having  the  power  of  resistance.     See  Nouns. 

Resistive.  J 

Stubborn.     Inflexible  in  resistance;  intractable. 

Unconquerable.     Not  to  be  conquered.     See  Strength. 

TJnconquered.     Not  overcome. 

Unyielding.     Not  yielding;  of  persistent  resistance.     See  Bigotry. 

Up  in  arms.     In  armed  resistance. 

Resistance — Interjections. 
Hands  off !  keep  off  t 


RESISTANCE— Verbs— Continued. 

Make  a  stand.     To  offer  resistance. 

Make  head  against.     To  resist  successfully. 

Not  submit.     To  fight  against.     See  Yielding. 

Oppose.     To  resist;  withstand.     See  Antagonism. 

Prendre  le  mors  aux  dents  [F.].  To  take  the  bit  between  the  teethr 
to  run  recklessly  into  danger. 

Present  a  front.     To  make  resistance. 

Recalcitrate.     To  kick  against.     See  Nouns. 

Reluctate.     To  struggle  against. 

Repel.     To  force  or  keep  back,  physically  or  mentally. 

Repugn.     To  fight  against;  resist. 

Repulse.     To  repel  resolutely  or  harshly. 

Resist.  To  oppose,  strive  against,  or  obstruct,  whether  by  inertness 
or  active  force. 

Revolt.     To  shock;  repel.     See  Order. 

Rise  up  in  arms.     To  fight  against.     See  Strife. 

Sell  one's  life  dearly.     To  resist  death  desperately. 

Show  a  bold  front.  To  make  a  show  of  brave  resistance.  See 
Bravery. 

Stand.     To  take  a  stand  for  resistance. 

Stand  firm.     To  be  unshaken  by  resistance. 

Stand  one's  ground.     To  hold  one's  position  against  opposition. 

Stand  out.     To  make  successful  resistance. 

Stand  the  brunt  of.     To  withstand  the  bulk  of  opposition. 

Stand  up  against.     To  place  oneself  in  opposition  to;  to  resist. 

Stem  the  tide.  To  make  way  in  opposition  to  some  obstruction  as 
the  tide. 

Stem  the  torrent.  To  make  way  in  opposition  to  some  strong  obstruc- 
tion, as  the  torrent. 

Strike.     To  refuse  to  work  until  certain  demands  are  satisfied. 

Strive  against.     To  oppose. 

Take  one's  stand.     To  take  position  for  resistance. 

Take  the  bit  between  the  teeth.  To  resist,  assert  independence  of 
control,  as  an  unruly  horse. 

Turn  out.     To  strike,  as  mill-hands  leaving  their  shop. 

Withstand.     To  make  forcible  resistance. 

Resistance — Adjectives. 
Indomitable.     Not  to  be  subdued.     See  Determination. 
Proof  against.     Unyielding  to  force. 
Recalcitrant.     Refusing  compliance  or  submission. 
Refractory.     Displaying  resistance.     See  Insubordination. 
Renitent.     Offering  resistance  to  any  influence  or  force. 
Repellent.     Serving,  tending,  or  having  power  to  repel.     See  Verbs . 
Repulsive.     Exciting  such  feelings  th~  t  one  is  repelled. 

(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


re-prise'.     Captured  property.     Taking-Restitution. 

re-proach'.  To  blame;  disgrace.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Justification-Charge,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

re-proach'-ful.  Causing  reproach.  Approval-Disap- 
proval. 

re-proach'-ful-ly.  In  a  reproachful  manner.  Approval- 
Disapproval. 

rep'-ro-bate.  An  abandoned  person;  to  disapprove. 
Approval-Disapproval,  Godliness-Ungodliness, 
Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Virtue-Vice. 

rep"-ro-ba'-tion.  Censure;  state  of  being  abandoned. 
Approval-Disapproval,    Godliness-Ungodliness. 

re"-pro-duce'.  To  produce  again.  Imitation-Origi- 
nality, Recurrence,  Renewal,  Renovation-Re- 
lapse. 

re"-pro-duced'.     Produced  again.     Renewal. 

re"-pro-duc'-tion.  The  act  of  reproducing.  Biology, 
Copy-Model,  Imitation-Originality,  Recurrence, 
Renewal,  Renovation-Relapse. 

re"-prc~duc'-tive.  Pertaining  to  reproduction.  Re- 
newal. 

re-proof.    Censure.    Approval-Disapproval. 

re-prove'.     To  upbraid.     Approval-Disapproval. 

re-prov'-er.    One  who  reproves.    Flatterer-Defamer. 

rep'-tile.  Kind  of  animal;  abject  person.  Fauna- 
Flora,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness, Uprightness-Rogue. 

re-pub'-lic.    Kind  of  government.    Humanity,  Rule- 


License;   republic   of    letters,    Knowledge- Igno- 
rance, Language. 

republica,  vivat  [L.].  (ri-pub'li-ca  vai'vat).  Long  live 
the  republic.  Approval-Disapproval,  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

re-pub'-li-can.  Pertaining  to  a  republic.  Gentility- 
Commonalty,  Rule-License. 

re-pub'-lic-an-ism.  Republican  form  of  government. 
Rule-License. 

re-pu'-di-ate.  To  disavow.  Assent-Dissent,  Asser- 
tion-Denial, Choice-Rejection,  Commission-Ab- 
rogation, Duty-Dereliction,  Inclusion-Omis- 
sion, Observance-Nonobservance,  Settlement- 
Default. 

re-pu"-di-a'-tion.  Act  of  repudiating.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Choice-Rejection,  Commission-Abroga- 
tion, Inclusion-Omission,  Observance-Nonob. 
servance,  Settlement-Default. 

re'-pugn.     To  oppose.     Reprisal-Resistance. 

re-pug'-nance.  Aversion.  Desire-Distaste,  Har- 
mony-Discord, Love-Hate. 

re-pug'-nant.  Distasteful.  Desire-Distaste,  Har- 
mony-Discord, Motive-Dehortation,  Readiness- 
Reluctance. 

re-pulse'.  To  resist;  a  defeat.  Attraction-Repul- 
sion, Impetus-Reaction,  Proffer-Refusal,  Re- 
prisal-Resistance, Success-Failure. 

re-pul'-sion.  A  throwing  backward.  Attraction- 
Repulsion. 


REPULSIVE. 


896 


REPUTATION— DI SCREDIT. 


re-pul'-sive .  Offensive.  Attraction-Repulsion, 
Beauty-Ugliness,  Desire-Distaste,  Love-Hate, 
Palatableness-Unpalatableness,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Re- 
prisal-Resistance. 

re-pur'-chase.     To  purchase  back.     Buying-Sale. 


rep'-u-ta-ble.  Honorable.  Reputation-Discredit, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

rep'-u-ta-ble-ness.  Good  report.  Reputation- Dis- 
credit, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

rep"-u-ta'-tion.     Repute.     Reputation-Discredit. 


REPUTATION— DISCREDIT. 


Account.     Importance  or  worth  in  the  eyes  of  others. 

Approbation.     Sanction ;  commendation . 

A  ura  popuiaris  [L.J.     The  breeze  of  popular  favor. 

Celebrity.     Great  distinction,  renown.     See  Reputation. 

Credit.     Reputation  derived  from  the  confidence  of  others. 

Dignity.     High  rank;  distinction. 

Distinction.      High  rank  or  estimation. 

Eclat  [F  ]      Brilliancy:  splendor. 

Fair  name.     A  good  reputation. 

Fame.     The  applause  of  the  many. 

Famousness.     The  condition  of  having  fame. 

Figure.     Distinction. 

Glory.       Great  distinction  or  eminence  given  to  a  man  because  of 

some  exceptional  achievement  or  exploit. 

Good  name.  i 

Good  report.  >  Honorable  reputation. 

Good  repute.  I 

Grandeur.     Imposing  dignii.y  or  greatness. 

High  repute.     Excellent  reputation. 

Honor.     High  esteem  or  regard  paid  to  true  worth. 

luuztriousness.     The  condition  of  being  illustrious.     See  Adjectives. 

Luster.     Brilliant  distinction;  glory. 

Majesty.     Exalted  dignity :  usually  applied  to  the  rank  of  sovereigns. 

Mark.  I  ~.  ,.     ,. 

_  i   Distinction;  eminence. 

Nobility.     High  rank;  loftiness  of  character. 

Notability.     The  quality  of  being  worthy  of  note;  distinction. 

Note.     Importance. 

Notoriety.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  notorious.     See  Adjectives. 

Popularity.  The  quality  or  condition  of  being  held  in  high  esteem  by 
the  common  people. 

Prestige.     Importance  or  reputation  based  on  past  success. 

Queenliness.     The  state,  quality,  or  dignity  of  a  queen. 

Regard.  Good  reputation;  more  personal  and  more  deserved  than 
respect. 

Renown.     Lasting  and  well-deserved  fame. 

Reputableness.     The  condition  of  being  of  good  reputation. 

Reputation.  The  estimation  in  which  one  is  held  by  others;  good 
character  or  standing. 

Repute.      Reputation;  regard. 

Respect.     Honor  and  esteem. 

Respectability.      Good  repute. 

Solemnity.     Formal  dignity. 

Splendor.     Conspicuous  greatness,  glory. 

Stateliness.     The  condition  of  being  imposing  or  dignified. 

Sublimity.      The  quality  of  inspiring  £  feeling  of  awe ;  grandeur. 

Talk  of  the  town.     A  conspicuous  person. 

The  bubble  reputation.  Reputation  regarded  as  transient  or  fleet- 
ing. "  Seeking  the  bubble  reputation  even  in  the  cannon's 
mouth."     [Shakespeare,  As  You  Like  It,  ii,  7  ] 

Vogue.     Fashion;  prevailing  usage. 

Reputation — Denotations. 

Chief.     The  person  highest  in  authority. 

Choice  and  master  spirits  of  the  age.  Most  distinguished  and  influ- 
ential people  of  an  age. 

Classman.     An  honor-man  in  the  English  universities. 

Constellation.     An  assemblage  of  brilliant  persons. 

Cynosure.     An  object  to  which  all  eyes  are  turned. 

Elite  [F  ]      Select  persons. 

First  fiddle.     The  leading  personage. 

Flower.     The  choicest  or  most  select  person. 

Galaxy-  An  assemblage  of  noted  persons;  a  collection  of  stars,  a 
milky  way. 

Great  card.     A  prominent  person. 

Hero.     A  man  of  courage  or  noble  qualities ;  a  demigod. 

Lion.  Any  prominent  or  notable  person  much  sought  after  in  so- 
ciety. 

Man  of  mark.     A  distinguished  person. 

Man  of  rank.      A  person  of  a  high  class. 

Mirror.     An  exemplary  personage. 

Notability.      Distinguished  persons. 

Paragon.     A  man  whose  life  it  worth  copying  after. 

Pearl.      The  select. 


'  See  Bad  name. 


Abjectness.     The  condition  of  being  cast  down  in  spirit. 

A  long  farewell  to  all  one's  greatness.      A  sinking  into  disfavor. 
[Shakespeare,  Henry  VIII,  III,  ii.] 

Argumentum  ad  verecundiam  [L.].      The   argument   for  modesty  or 
shame. 

Bad  favor.     Bad  reputation;  also,  ill  favor. 

Badge  of  infamy.     Any  mark  or  outward  token  of  dishonor  or  dis- 
grace. 

Bad  name.     Bad  reputation. 

Bad  odor.    \  < 

Bad  repute./  * 

Bar  sinister.     A  mark  diagonally  across  a  shield  from  sinister  chief 
to  dexter  base,  erroneously  considered  a  mark  of  bastardy. 

Baseness.     See  Adjectives. 

Bend  sinister.     The  bar  sinister. 

Blot.     A  spot  or  stain  on  one's  reputation. 

Blot  in  one's  escutcheon.    A  mark  of  disrepute.     [Browning,  drama.] 

Blur.     A  blot. 

Brand.     Any  mark  of  disgrace  or  infamy. 

Burning  shame.     Shame  that  excites  intense  feeling.  / 

Byword  of  reproach.     A  common  subject  or  cause  of  reproach. 

Champain.     A  mark  of  dishonor  on  a  shield. 

Crying  shame.     One  that  calls  for  immediate  vengeance. 

Debasement.     The  condition  of  being  of  low  moral  character. 

Dedecoration.     The  condition  of  being  disgraced. 

Defilement.     Anything  that  injures  one's  reputation.     See  Verbs. 

Degradation.     The  condition  of  being  reduced  in  rank  or  standing. 

Derogation.     The  act  of  injuring  or  seeking  to  injure  another's  repu- 
tation. 

Disapprobation.     The  condition  of  being  displeased,  or  the  act  of 
expressing  unfavorable  criticism. 

Discredit.     Impaired  reputation. 

Disgrace.     A  condition  of  dishonor  or  reproach. 

Dishonor.     Lack  of  honor;  shame;  reproach. 

Disrepute.     The  condition  of  having  a  bad  name  or  reputation. 

Humiliation.     The  condition  of  being  humbled  or  put  to  shame. 

Ichabod.     The  glory  is  departed.    [Whittier,  Webster.] 

Ignominy.     Public  disgrace  or  dishonor. 

Ill  favor.     Bad  favor. 

Ill  name.     A  bad  name. 

Ill  odor.     A  bad  or  questionable  reputation. 

Ill  repute.     A  bad  reputation. 

Imputation.     The  act  of  imputing  or  charging  with  evil. 

Infamy.     Entire  loss  of  all  honor  and  reputation,  usually  accom-  ' 
panied  with  public  disgrace. 

Ingloriousness.     Disgrace. 

Obloquy.      The  condition  of  being  in  odium  or  disgrace;  also,  cen- 
sorious language. 

Odium.     The  condition  of  being  disliked  or  hated. 

Opprobrium.     Scornful  disgrace;  infamy. 

Point  champain.     A  point  on  a  shield  serving  as  a  mark  of  disgrace. 

Pollution.     The  condition  of  being  impure  or  debased. 

Reproach.     A  cause  or  condition  of  disgrace  or  dishonor. 

Scandal.     Reproach  or  disgrace  brought  about  by  improper  conduct. 

Scandalum  magnatum  [L.J.     Defamation  of  persons  of  rank  and  dig- 
nity. 

Scarlet  letter.     A  mark  of  disgrace.    [Hawthorne,  a  romance.] 

Sense  of  shame.     A  feeling  of  shame. 

Shame.     The  condition  of  being  a  cause  of  or  subject  to  reproach 
dishonor;  disgrace. 

Slur.     A  slight  reproach  or  disgrace. 

Spot.     A  stain  or  blemish. 

Stain.     A  slight  blemish  or  reproach  on  one's  character. 

Stigma.     Any  mark  or  token  of  infamy  or  disgrace;  also,  any  stain 
or  reproach  on  one's  character. 

Taint.     A  very  slight  stain  or  blemisli. 

Tarnish.     A  blemish  or  spot- 

Turpitude.     Extreme  baseness  and  depravity. 

Vileness.     The  condition  of  being  morally  base  and  depraved. 

Discredit — Verbs 

Be  a  reproach  to.     To  make  one  infamous. 

Be  base.     To  be  disgraced. 

Be  conscious  of  disgrace.     To  feel  low  or  vile. 


REPUTATION. 


897 


REPUTATION— DISCREDIT. 


REPUTATION— DISCREDIT— Continued. 


REPUTATION— Denotations— Confin*****. 

Pillar  of  the  church.     A  distinguished  person  of  the  church. 

Pillar  of  the  state.     An  eminent  statesman.     "  With  grave  aspect  he 

rose,  and  in  his  rising  seemed  a  pillar  of  state."     [Milton,  Para- 

dise  Lost,  ii,  300.] 

Pink.     The  choicest. 

Raraavjs  [L.j.     A  rare  bird. 

Somebody.     A  person  of  some  distinction. 

Star.)   , 

-        r  A  conspicuous  person. 

Worthy.     A  person  of  distinction. 

Reputation — Nouns  of  Cause. 
Aggrandizement.     Exaltation  or  increase  of  honor  or  power. 
Ascent.      Rising  to  eminence  or  power. 
Brevet  rank.     Honorary  promotion. 

Canonization.     The  enrolling  of  a  person  in  the  calendar  of  saints. 
Cas;e.     Rank  or  standing  in  society. 

Celebration.     The  act  or  occasion  of  giving  honor  or  praise. 
Condition.     One's  rank  or  position  in  society. 
Consecration.     The  act  of  separating  to  a  sacred  use.     See  Verbs. 
Dedication.     A  sitting  apart  to  sacred  uses.     See  Verbs. 
Degree.     Class  or  rank;    also,  any  distinction  conferred  indicating 

marked  excellence. 
Dignification.     The  act  of  exalting  or  adding  honor. 
Elevation.     The  act  of  elevating.     See  Verbs. 
Eminence.      Distinction;  very  high  standing. 
Enshrinement.     The  act  of  enshrining.     See  Verbs. 
Enthronement.     The  act  of  enthroning.     See  Verbs. 
Exaltation.     The  act  of  giving  dignity  and  praise  to.     See  Verbs. 
Glorification.     The  act  of  glorifying.     See  Verbs. 
Greatness.     The  condition  of  being  distinguished  or  celebrated. 
Height.     Elevation  of  condition;  high  standing. 
High  mightiness.     The    quality  or    condition  of    being  extremely 

mighty  or  powerful. 
Immortality.     The  condition  of  being  exempt  from  oblivion. 
Immortal  name.     Everlasting  repute. 

Importance.     The  condition  of  being  of  influence  or  consequence. 
Locus  standi  [L  1      One's  rank  or  station. 
Magni  nominis  umbra  [L.].     The  shadow  of  a  great  name.     [Lucan, 

of  Pompey,  Pharsalia,  1,  135. 1 
Memory.     The  condition  of  being  remembered. 
Niche  in  the  temple  of  fame.     Rank  among  distinguished  person*. 
Order.     Rank,  class,  or  degree. 
Pas  [F.J      Standing. 
Place.     Position;  rank. 
Position.     Rank  or  station. 
Position  in  society.     Rank. 

Posthumous  fame.     Fame  which  comes  after  death. 
Precedence.     The  condition  of  standing  first. 

Preeminence.     The  condition  of  being  preeminent.     See  Adjectives. 
Primacy.     The  condition  of  being  first  in  excellence  or  importance. 
Rank.     Station  or  position;  also  distinction  or  eminence. 
Standing.     Rank. 
Station.     Place  in  society. 
Status.     Relative  position  or  rank. 

Supereminence.     The  condition  of  surpassing  all  others  in  excellence. 
Superexaltation.     Elevation  far  above  the  common  degree. 
Top  of  the  ladder.)  u.  ,      .c  m 
Top  of  the  tree.      }  Highest  fame. 

Reputation— ATomks  of  Indication. 

Aureola.     The  halo  of  glory  surrounding  Christ  and  the  saints. 

Blaze  of  glory.     A  visible  representation  of  power  or  distinction. 

Blushing  honors.  Great  and  roseate  honors.  [Shakespeare  Henry 
VIII,  HI.  ii] 

Feather  in  one's  cap.  An  expression  to  indicate  success  in  some  dif- 
ficult undertaking. 

Halo.     A  circlet  of  light  around  the  head  of  a  sacred  personage. 

Halo  of  glory.     Representation  of  rank. 

Honor.     A  title  or  other  mark  of  distinction  conferred. 

Laurels.     Marks  of  honor  and  distinction. 

Nimbus.     A  halo. 

Ornament.     A  mark  of  distinction,  as  a  badge. 

Reputation —  Verbs. 

Accredit.     To  put  confidence  in  as  worthy  of  trust. 
Acquire  honor.     To  get  honor  by  one's  own  efforts. 
Aggrandize.      To  make  great  in  honor,  power,  etc. 
Bear  awav  the  bell.      To  win  the  prize,  as  in  a  race. 
Bear  the  bell.     To  be  the  leader. 
Bear  the  palm.     To  be  the  winner  in  any  contest. 
Be  conscious  of  glory.     To  be  proud  or  haughty. 
57 


DISCREDIT— Verbs— Continued. 

Beggar.     To  reduce  to  a  low  condition;  impoverish. 

Be  inglorious,  etc.     To  be  disgraced.     See  Adjectives. 

Blot.     To  impair  or  stain  one's  reputation. 

Brand.     To  mark  with  disgrace  or  infamy. 

Bring  low.     To  debase  or  degrade. 

Cast  a  shir  upon.      1  Tq  di        ce 

Cast  dishonor  upon.) 

Cast  into  the  shade.      To  render  another  obscure  by  one's  own  succes* 

and  good  name. 
Cause  shame,  etc.     To  dishonor. 
Cut  a  poor  figure.     To  make  a  poor  appearance;  also,  to  have  poor 

success. 
Cut  a  sorry  figure.     To  cut  a  poor  figure. 
Debase.     To  reduce  to  a  low  moral  condition. 
Defame.     To  openly  make  charges  against  another's  character. 
Defile.     To  tarnish  or  corrupt  the  good  name  of  another. 
Degrade.     To  lose  or  cause  another  to  lose  reputation  or  standing. 
Derogate  from.     To  injure  one's  name  or  reputation. 
Discompose.     To  stir  up  or  agitate  by  denunciations  against. 
Disconcert.     To  disturb  the  self-possession  of. 
Discredit.     To  cast  discredit  upon. 
Disgrace.     To  bring  reproach  or  shame  upon. 
Disgrace  oneself.     To  commit  a  base  deed. 
Dishonor,     To  deprive  of  rightful  honor;    also,  to  bring  reproach 

upon. 
Drag  through  the  mire.     To  disgrace. 
Earn  a  bad  name.     To  commit  unworthy  deeds. 
Eclipse.     To  surpass  so  as  to  obscure. 
Expel.     To  dismiss  in  disgrace. 

Expose  oneself.     To  render  oneself  liable  to  charges  that  will  be  in- 
jurious to  his  reputation. 
Fall  from  one's  high  estate.     To  fall  from  favor  or  honor. 
Fling  dishonor  upon.     Tq  disgrace.  . 

Go  away  with  a  flea  in  one's  ear.     To  be  upbraided  or  reproached. 
Have  a  bad  name.     To  be  disreputable. 

Heap  dirt  upon.     To  abuse  with  reproachful  or  vile  language. 
Hold  up  to  shame.     To  openly  reproach  or  disgrace. 
Impute  shame  to.     To  make  shameful  charges  against. 
Incur  disgrace.     To  make  oneself  subject  to  shame  or  reproach. 
Keep  in  the  background.     To  keep  out  of  sight  or  favor. 
Laugh  on  the  wrong  side  of  the  mouth.     To  feel  regret  or  disappoint 

ment  after  exultation. 
Leave  in  the  background.     To  keep  out  of  sight. 
Look  blue.     To  feel  disappointed,  like  a  bilious,  melancholy  man 
Look  foolish.     To  feel  as  if  one  were  dishonored. 
Look  like  a  fool.     To  feel  dishonored. 
Lose  caste.     To  lose  standing  or  rank. 
Make  a  sorry  face.     To  meet  with  disappointment 
Obscure.     To  hide;  to  eclipse. 
Outshine.     To  surpass. 

Overshadow.     To  render  insignificant  bv  comparison. 
Pale  one's  ineffectual  fire.       To   become    discouraged    by   failure. 

[Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  I,  v  (of  the  glow-worm  at  dawn).] 
Play  second  fiddle.     To  be  subordinate  in  importance  or  position. 
Post.     To  openly  reproach  or  make  charges  against. 
Push  into  a  corner.     To  get  out  of  the  view  of  the  people. 
Put  a  halter  round  one's  neck.     To  incur  dishonor  or  disgrace. 
Put  down.     To  lower  another's  rank  x)r  reputation. 
Put  in  the  background.)  ™  .    ,    .  ,A       , 

Put  into  a  corner.  1  To  put  out  of  s,ght  or  favor- 

Put  one's  nose  out  of  joint.     To  humiliate  another's  pride,  especially 

by  supplanting  him  in  favor  or  position. 
Put  out.     To  dismiss  in  disgrace ;  to  expel. 
Put  out  of  countenance.     To  abash  or  confound. 
Put  to  shame.     To  disgrace. 

Put  to  the  blush.     To  put  to  shame  or  confusion. 
Recede  into  the  hole.     To  withdraw  into  obscurity. 
Recede  into  the  shade.     To  retire  from  view  on  account  of  dishonor. 
Reflect  dishonor  upon.     To  dishonor. 
Reprehend.     To  blame  or  find  fault  with. 
Send  to  Coventry.     To  shut  out  from  social  intercourse. 
Shame      To  bring  reproach  upon ;  also,  to  reproach. 
Show  up.     To  expose  the  bad  parts  of  one's  character. 
Slink  away.     Tc  withdraw  in  disgrace. 

Slur.     To  injure  the  character  of  another  by  disparaging  remarks 
Snub.     To  treat  with  contemptuous  neglect. 
Stain.     To  disgrace. 

Stigmatize.     To  brand  with  some  mark  of  reproach  or  infamy. 
Sully.     To  tarnish  a  good  name. 
Taint.     To  slightly  impair  or  tarnish  a  good  name. 
Take  down  a  peg.     To  lower  one  in  his  own  esteem  or  in  the  esteem 

of  others;  humiliate. 


REPUTATION. 


REPUTATION— DISCREDIT. 


REPUTATION—  DISCREDIT— Continued. 


REPUTATION— Verbs— Continued 

Be  distinguished,  etc.  To  be  set  apart  by  marks  of  honor  and  esteem. 
See  Adjectives. 

Be  proud  of.     To  feel  proud  because  of. 

Be  run  after.     To  be  sought  after  because  of  one's  position  or  wealth 

Be  vain  of.     To  feel  vainglorious. 

Blazon.     To  publish  or  make  widely  known 

Blow  the  trumpet.     To  proclaim  great  or  famous. 

Cast  into  the  shade.  To  make  another  obscure  by  one  s  own  great- 
ness 

Come  into  vogue.     To  come  into  fashion. 

Come  to  the  front.     To  be  conspicuous. 

Confer  honor  on.     To  confer  some  mark  of  distinction  upon. 

Consecrate.     To  enroll  as  a  god  or  saint,  canonize. 

Crown  with  laurel.     To  indicate  honor  or  high  merit. 

Cut  a  dash.     To  make  a  big  display. 

Cut  a  figure.  \  ™  ,     , 

r,   .         i     u  (  lo  cut  a  dash. 
Cut  a  splash.  J 

Dedicate  to.     To  inscribe  to  as  a  mark  of  honor  or  respect,  as  a  book. 

Deify.     To  enroll  among  the  gods,  to  canonize. 

Devote  to.     To  attach  oneself  to  as  a  mark  of* respect  or  honor. 

Dignify.     To  exalt  or  give  honor  to. 

Do  honor  to.     To  show  esteem  for,  or  confer  distinction  upon. 

Eclipse.     To  surpass;  outshine. 

Elevate.     To  raise  in  standing;  to  promote. 

Emulate.     To  strive  to  equal  or  excel. 

Ennoble.     To  make  more  noble;  exalt. 

Enshrine.     To  preserve  or  cherish. 

Enthrone,     To  make  preeminent. 

Exalt.     To  pay  high  honor  to. 

Exalt  one's  horn.     To  act  in  a  haughty  or  arrogant  manner. 

Exalt  to  the  skies.     To  honor  in  the  highest  degree  possible. 

Exult.     To  rejoice  over  success. 

Figure.     To  be  prominent  or  conspicuous. 

Flaunt.     To  make  an  ostentatious  display. 

Flourish.     To  be  prosperous. 

Gain  golden  opinions.  To  gain  the  favor  or  good  report  of  the  peo- 
ple. 

Gain  honor,   i 

Gain  laurels.  >To  gain  a  position  of  rank  and  distinction. 

Gain  spurs.    J 

Give  honor  to.     To  do  honor  to. 

Glitter      To  shine:  usually  said  of  passing  popularity. 

Glorify.     To  ascribe  glory  and  honor  to. 

Hand  one's  name  down  to  posterity.     To  be  honored. 

Have  a  run.     To  be  popular  for  a  short  time,  usually  said  of  a  play. 

Honor.  To  show  esteem  or  reverence  for.  also  to  bestow  marks  of 
esteem. 

Immortalize.     To  make  immortal. 

Inscribe.     To  leave  a  lasting  influence  or  impression. 

Lead  the  way.     To  stand  at  the  head ;  to  be  first. 

Leave  one's  mark.     To  have  done  something  worthy  of  note. 

Lionize.     To  give  great  attention  to. 

Live=     To  be  unperishing  in  influence  or  memory 

Look  up  to.     To  respect  or  honor 

Make  a  dash.     To  cut  a  dash. 

Make  a  figure. 

Make  a  noise. 

Make  a  noise  in  the  world. 

Make  a  splash. 

Make  some  noise. 

Make  some  noise  in  the  world. 

Nobilitate.     To  make  noble. 

Outjump.     To  surpass. 

Outrival.     To  overcome  a  rival. 

Outshadow.  t  —  .     ,.  -,     .. 

Outshine,      i  To  surPass  m  distinction. 

OveTshadcw.}Tooutrank- 

Pass  one's  examinations.     To  be  entitled  to  honor. 

Pay  honor  to.     To  regard  with  respect. 

Pay  regard  to.     To  regard. 

Play  first  fiddle.     To  be  the  leader;  to  hold  the  first  positions. 

Raise  one's  head.     To  better  one  s  condition,    also,  to  show  oneself 

proud. 
Redound  to  one's  honor.     To  contribute  to  one  s  honor. 
Reflect  honor  on.     To  contribute  or  add  honor;   usually  said  of  some 

act. 
Render  honor  to.     To  do  honor  to. 
Rival.     To  strive  to  equal  or  excel;  to  emulate. 
Shed  a  luster  on.     To  add  splendor  and  renown 
Shine.     To  be  popular  t  famous. 


To  attract  notice  or  attention. 


DISCREDIT— Verbs— Continued. 

Take  down  a  peg  lower.  \  „,    .   .      , 

Take  down  a  peg  or  two./  To  take  down  a  **«■ 

Take  the  shine  out  of.     To  cast  disfavor  upon. 

Tarnish.     To  injure  one's  reputation. 

Throw  dishonor  upon.     To  dishonor. 

Throw  into  the  shade.     To  cast  disfavor  upon. 

Throw  off  one 's  center.     To  throw  into  confusion  by  making  defama, 

tory  charges  against. 
Trample  under  foot.)  ~     ... 
Tread  under  foot.     J  To  dlshonor- 
Upset.     To  throw  into  confusion  and  disgrace. 
Vilify.     To  defame  by  making  base  charges  against. 
Wear  a  halter  round  one's  neck.     To  put  a  halter  round  one's  neck. 

Discredit — Adjectives. 
Abject.     Sunk  to  a  very  low  condition. 
Arrant.     Notoriously  bad;  shameless. 
At  a  discount.     Of  questionable  reputation. 
Base.     Of  low  moral  character. 
Beggarly.     Of  little  or  no  standing  or  worth. 
Blown  upon.     Having  a  tainted  or  impaired  reputation. 
Dedecorous.     Disgraceful. 
Degrading.     Tending  to  injure  or  lower. 
Derogatory.     Defamatory  or  injurious. 
Despicable.     Mean;  contemptible. 
Dirty.     Of  low  reputation. 

Discreditable.     Injurious  to  reputation ;  disgraceful. 
Disgraced.     In  bad  repute. 
Disgraceful.     Bringing  disgrace;  shameful. 
Disreputable.     Causing  ill  repute. 
Down  in  the  world.     Disgraced. 
Downtrodden.     Dishonored. 
Humiliating.     Dishonored.     See  Verbs. 
Ignominious.     Marked  with  ignominy;  shameful. 
In  bad  repute.     Disgraced. 
Infamous.     Of  exceedingly  bad  repute. 
Infra  dignitatem  [L.].     Below  one's  dignity. 
Inglorious.     Without  glory;  also,  disgraceful ;  shameful. 
In  the  background.)  T     ...  , 
In  the  shade.  J  In  ill  favor. 

Loaded  with  shame.     Disgraced. 
Low.     Base  of  reputation. 

Mean.     Of  contemptible  reputation.  • 

Nameless.     Without  fame  or  distinction. 
Notorious.     Widely  known  as  of  bad  reputation. 
Opprobrious.     Offensively  reproachful. 
Out  at  elbows.     In  bad  circumstances. 
Out  of  countenance.     Abashed  ;  confounded. 
Out  of  fashion.)  t-.  ,    ,        ,        . 

Out  of  favor,     J  DePrive<3  of  rank  or  honor- 
Out  of  repute.     Not  favored. 
Outrageous.     Shocking;  extremely  disgraceful. 
Overcome.     Surpassed,  outrivaled. 
Pitiful.     Awakening  pity. 

Questionable.     Of  suspicious  or  doubtful  character. 
Renownless.     Without  renown. 

Ribald.     Coarsely  indecent  or  obscene.  * 

Scandalous.     Disgraceful. 
Scrubby.     Of  an  inferior  kind ;  low;  mean. 
Shabby.     Low;  contemptible. 
Shameful       Bringing  reproach  or  disgrace. 

Shocking.     Extremely  surprising  or  offensive  in  conduct  or  character. 
Shorn  of  its  beams.    I  Deprived  of  honor.     [Milton,  Paradise  Lost. 
Shorn  of  cue's  glory.)       i,  596.] 
Too  bad. 

Unable  to  show  one's  face.     Disgraced. 
Unbecoming.     Unbefitting. 
Under  a  cloud.      1  ,    .„  , 
Under  an  eclipse./ In '"  favor' 
Unglorified.     Without  glory  or  worship. 
Unhonored.      Disgraced. 
Unknown  to  fame.     Not  honored. 
Unmentionable.     Too  shameful  to  mention. 
Unnoted.     Unhonored. 
Unnoticed.     Neglected. 
Unworthy.     Base;  low. 
Vile.     Base;  of  the  lowest  character  or  reputation. 

Discredit — Interjections. 
Fie!     For  shame! 
For  shame  I 
O  temporesl  O  mores!  fL.3     0  the  times!  O  the  customs  I 


REPUTATION. 


REQUIRE. 


REPUTATION— DISCREDIT— Continued. 


REPUTATION— Verbs— Continued. 

Shine  forth.     To  come  suddenly  into  prominence. 

Signalize.     To  render  distinguished  or  noteworthy. 

Sing  praises  to.     To  honor. 

Star  it.     To  act  as  the  most  distinguished  person. 

Surpass.     To  excel;  to  outrival. 

Take  one's  degree.     To  earn  and  accept  a  degree. 

Take  precedence.     To  stand  first 

Take  the  wall  of.     To  get  the  better  of ;  to  take  the  side  of  a  walk 

next  the  wall  and  so  furthest  from  the  gutter. 

Throw  into  the  shade.     To  cast  into  the  shade. 

Win  golden  opinions.     To  gain  the  favor  of  the  people. 

Win  laurels.].  «,       .    . 

f  To  gain  honor. 


DISCREDIT — Interjections — Continued. 


Win  spurs. 


Reputation — Adjectives. 


Mre  perennius  [h.].     More  enduring  than  bronze. 

At  the  head  of.     First. 

At  the  top  of  the  tree.     Most  conspicuous. 

August.     Inspiring  awe  or  reverence. 

Bright.     Illustrious  or  glorious. 

Brilliant.     Celebrated;  illustrious. 

Celebrated.     Distinguished,  known  far  and  wide. 

Conspicuous.     Very  prominent. 

Creditable.     Deserving  credit. 

Deathless.     Immortal. 

Dignified.     Stately;  majestic. 

Distingue"  [F.J.      Distinguished. 

Distinguished.     Noted;  eminent. 

Eminent.     Standing  high  as  compared  with  those  about. 

Famed.     Spoken  of. 

Famous.     Celebrated;  renowned. 

Far-famed.     Known  in  many  regions 

Fashionable.     Conforming  to  the  prevailing  form  or  style. 

Foremost.     Standing  at  the  head. 

Full-blown.     In  a  state  of  maturity  or  perfection. 

Glorious.     Resplendent  with  honor  or  glory. 

Grand.     Preeminent  in  ability  or  character;    worthy  of  the  highest 

respect. 
Great.      Standing  among  the  foremost;  eminent,  distinguished. 
Heaven-born.     Lofty  and  exalted. 
Heroic.     Bold:  brave,  illustrious. 
High.     Distinguished,  exalted. 
Honorable.     Worthy  of  esteem  and  honor. 
Honored.     Regarded  or  treated  with  honor  or  reverence. 
Honorific.     Conferring,  or  tending  to,  honor. 
Illustrious.     Greatly  distinguished;  full  of  glory  or  honor. 
Immortal.     Of  undying  fame  or  renown. 
Imperishable.     Enduring;  immortal. 
Imposing.     Grandly  impressive;  commanding. 
In  every  one's  mouth.     Widely  spoken  of. 
In  favor.     Esteemed ;  held  in  high  regard. 
In  good  odor.     In  good  esteem. 
In  high  favor.     Noted. 

In  the  ascendent.     Having  commanding  power  or  influence. 
In  the  front  rank.)  ,,    ..._,.       .  ,     , 
In  the  zenith.         I  Most  dist.ngu.shed. 

Lordly.     Having  the  character  or  mien  of  a  lord,  grand;  dignified. 
Majestic.     Exhibiting  majesty;  stately;  grand. 
Never-fading.     Immortal. 
Noble.     Exalted  in  rank  or  character. 
Notable.     Worthy  of  note  or  regard. 
Noted.     Well-known;  celebrated. 
Notorious.     Widely  known :  usually  in  a  bad  sense. 
Of  note,     Of  reputation  or  distinction. 
Of  the  first  water.     Of  the  first  excellence,  as  a  diamond. 
Peerless.     Without  an  equal 
Popular.     In  favor  with  the  masses. 
Preeminent.     Standing  first. 
Princely.     Of  the  highest  rank  or  ability. 
Prominent.     Of  note;  attracting  attention.- 
Proud      Worthy  of  admiration;  splendid 


Ought 

Proh  pudor  [L.J. 

Shame  1 


O  for  shame  t 


Discredit — Phrases. 


Giuoco  di  mono  giuoco  di  villano   [It. J.     Practical  jokes  are  the  jokes 

of  low  folks. 
Sic  transit  gloria  tnundi  [L.].     Thus  passes  away  the  glory  of  the 

world. 
To  one's  shame  be  it  said. 
Tout  est  perdu  hors  I'honntur  IF.].     All  is  lost  save  honor.    [Fian- 

cis  I.  of  France.] 


REPUTATION— Adjectives— Continued. 

Radiant.     Full  of  splendor  or  glory. 

Remarkable.     Extraordinary,  distinguished. 

Renowned.     Of  well-deserved  and  lasting  fame. 

Reputable.     Of  good  reputation. 

Respectable.     Of  good  reputation;  also,  of  moderate  excellence. 

Sacred.     Worthy  of  reverence  and  veneration. 

Sans  pew  et  sans  reproche.  [F  ].    Without  fear  and  without  reproach. 

Solemn.     Impressive;  awe-inspiring. 

Splendid.     Very  good;  excellent,  brilliant. 

Stately.     Dignified;  majestic. 

Sublime.     Distinguished  by  the  noblest  traits;  of  solemn  grandeur; 

awe-inspiring. 
Supereminent.     Highest  of  all. 
Superior.     Of  higher  standing  or  excellence. 
Talked  of.     Conspicuous. 
Time-honored.     Claiming  veneration  because  of  long  observance  In 

the  past.  * 

To  the  front.     Leading. 
Transcendent.     Very  excellent,  surpassing. 
Worshipful.     Worthy  of  honor  or  reverence. 

Reputation — Interjections. 
All  hail! 
Ave  I     Haill 
Glory  be  to  1 
Hail! 

Honor  be  to  I 
Long  life  to  1 

Viva  [It.|.     Live!  long  live, 
Vive  [F.  J.     Live!  long  live! 

Reputation — Phrases. 

At  hombre  bueno  no  le  busquen  abolengo  [Sp.J.      No  one   explores  A 
good  man's  pedigree. 

Aucun  chemin  de  fleurs  ne  conduit  a  la  gloire    [F.].     There  is  no  path- 
way of  flowers  that  leads  to  glory. 

Aut  Ccesar  aut  nullus  [L.J.       Either  Caesar  or  no  one.     [Motto  of 
Caesar  Borgia.] 

Avito  viret  honore  [L.J.     He  flourishes  in  ancestral  honor. 

Fama  semper  viv  at  [L.J.     May  his  fame  live  forever. 

Famevolat  [L.].     Fame  flies. 

Honor  virtutis   premium    [L.J.      Honor   is    the    reward   of  virtue. 
[Cicero.  Brutus,  8i .] 

None  but  himself  could  be  his  parallel. 

Not  to  know  him  argues  oneself  unknown. 

One's  name  being  in  every  mouth. 

One's  name  living  forever. 

Palmam  qui  meruit  ferat  [L.J.     Let  him  who  has  won  bear  the  palm 
[Nelson's  motto.] 

Sic  itur  ad  astra  [L  3-     Such  is  the  way  to  the  stars. 

Vivat  respublica  [L.J.     Long  live  the  republic. 

Vivit  post  funera  virtus  [L.|.     Virtue  lives  after  death. 

Voila  le  soleil  d'Austerlitz    [F.J.      Behold  the  sun    of    Austerlitz, 
[Napoleon.) 


re-pute'.  Opinion  held  by  others  of  oneself.  Appro- 
val-Disapproval, Reputation-Discredit. 

re-quest'.  Something  asked  for.  Investigation- 
Answer,  Petition-Expostulation;  in  request, 
Mutation-Permanence,  Need;  request  permission, 
Leave-Prohibition. 

re-^uest'-ing.     Asking.     Petition-Expostulation. 


re'-qui-em.  Dirge.  Jubilation-Lamentation,  Move- 
ment-Rest. 

requies,  nee  mora  nee  [L.]  (rec'-qui-iz,  nee  mo'-ra  nee). 
Neither  delay  nor  rest.     Activity-Indolence. 

requiescat  in  pace  [L.]  (rec"-qui-es'-cat  in  pe'-si).  May 
he  rest  in  peace.     Fighting-Conciliation. 

re-quire'.     To  demand;    to  need.       Coercion,  Due- 


REQUIRE. 


900 


RESISTIVE. 


ness-Undueness,  Duty -Dereliction,  Excess- 
Lack,  Need,  Order,  Price-Discount;  require  ex- 
planation, Clearness-Obscurity,  Need. 

re-quire'-ment.     Need;  demand.     Need. 

req'-ui-site.     Necessity.     Need. 

req"-ui-si'-tion.  Request;     requirement.         Need, 

Order,  Petition-Expostulation;  put  in  requisi- 
tion, Order,  Use-Misuse. 

re-quis'-i-tive.     Necessary.     Investigation-Answer. 

re-quis'-i-to-ry.  Embodying  a  requisition.  Investi- 
gation-Answer. 

re-qui'-tal.  Thanks;  recompense.  Recompense- 
Punition,  Thankfulness-Thanklessness. 

re-quite'.     To  reward.     Recompense-Punition. 

re-scind'.  To  shorten;  to  make  void.  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Commission-Abrogation,  Proffer-Re- 
fusal, Union-Disunion. 

re-scis'-sion.  The  act  of  rescinding.  Commission- 
Abrogation,  Union-Disunion. 

re'-script.  Decree;  reply.  Investigation-Answer, 
Missive-Publication,  Order,   Writing-Printing. 

res'-cu-a-ble.     Capable  of  rescue.     Rescue. 

res'-cue.  To  deliver;  to  save.  Conservation,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Renovation-Relapse,  Rescue. 

RESCUE. 

Deliverance.     Freedom  from  danger. 

Extrication.     A  disentanglement. 

Gaol  delivery.     The  release  of.  prisoners  whom  the  grand  jury  does 

not  indict. 
Liberation.     A  freeing  from  restraint.     See  Release. 
Redeemableness.     The  quality  of  being  able  to  be  redeemed. 
Redemption.     Saving  from  sin. 

Reprieval.     Suspension  of  punishment  for  a  short  time. 
Reprieve.     Temporary  withdrawing  of  a  sentence  whereby  execution 

is  suspended . 
Rescue.     A  saving  from  danger,  peril,  or  violence. 
Respite.     Postponement  of  a  penalty. 

Riddance.     Deliverance  ,  freedom  from  objectionable  tilings. 
Salvation.     Act  of  saving;  deliverance  from  destruction  or  danger. 

Rescue — Verbs. 

Be  rid  of.     To  free  from. 

Bring  off.     To  clear  from  condemnation. 

Bring  through.     To  save  the  life  of  a  patient. 

Come  to  the  rescue.     To  arrive  in  time  to  save. 

Deliver.     To  set  free  ;  take  out  of  danger. 

Extricate.     To  free  from  entanglement. 

Get  rid  of.     To  have  deliverance  from. 

Get  the  wheel  out  of  the  rut.     To  lift  the  carriage  to  the  open  road. 

Ransom.     To  secure  the  release  of. 

Redeem.     To  buy  back. 

Rescue.     To  bring  from  danger  to  safety.     See  Nouns. 

Retrieve.     To  remedy  the  evil  consequences  of. 

Rid.     To  free  from. 

Save.     To  rescue;  free. 

Snatch  from  the  jaws  of  death.     To  barely  take  from  the  jaws  of 

death. 
Tirer  d' affaire  [F .].     To  get  out  of  trouble. 

Rescue — Adjectives. 

Extricable.     Able  to  be  disentangled._ 
Redeemable.     Able  to  be  redeemed. 
Rescuable.     Able  to  be  rescued. 
Saved.     Freed  from  danger.     See  Verbs. 

Resc  u  e — Interjection. 

To  the  rescue. 

re-search'.     Inquiry.     Investigation-Answer. 

re-seat'.     To  restore.     Renovation-Relapse. 

re-sec'-tion.     A  cutting  off.     Union-Disunion. 

re-seiz'-er.  To  take  into  custody  lands  that  have  been 
unlawfully  taken  possession  of.  Litigation,  Tak- 
ing-Restitution. 

re-sell'.     To  sell  again.     Buying-Sale. 

re-sem'-blance.  Similarity.  Likeness-Unlikeness, 
Uniformity-Diversity. 


re-sem'-ble.     To  be  like.     Likeness-Unlikeness. 
re-sent'.     To  be  indignant  at.     Favorite-Anger. 
re-sent'-ful.     Disposed  to  resent.     Favorite-Anger. 
re-sent'-ment.    Indignation.    Charitableness-Malev- 
olence, Favorite-Anger. 
res"-er-va'-tion.     Keeping  something  back.     Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy;   mental  reservation,  Ambiguity, 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Truthfulness-Fabrica- 
tion ;  with  a  reservation,  Addition-Subtraction. 
re-serv'-a-to-ry.      Depository.      Contents-Receive!, 

Store. 
re-serve'.  To  save;  coyness;  exception.  Conceit- 
Diffidence,  Earliness-Lateness,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Keeping-Relinquishment,  Store, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity,  Use-Misuse;  in  re- 
serve, Occurrence-Destiny,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation;  reserve  forces,  Belligerent;  re- 
serve oneself,  Conceit-Diffidence. 
re-served'.      Modest.      Conceit-Diffidence;  reserved 

fund,  Store. 
re-serves'.     Auxiliary  troops.     Belligerent. 
res'-er-voir".     Receptacle.     Gulf-Plain,  Store. 
res'-i-ance.     Residence.     Dweller-Habitation. 
res'-i-ant.     Resident.     Presence-Absence. 
re-side'.     To  dwell.     Presence-Absence. 
res'-i-dence.     Dwelling-place.     Dweller-Habitation. 
res'-i-dent.        Dweller;     representative.       Consignee, 

Dwellep.-Habitation,  Presence-Absence. 
res"-i-den'-tia-ry.     Resident.     Dweller-Habitation, 

Ministry,  Presence-Absence. 
re-sid'-u-al.     Remaining.     Increment-Remnant. 
re-sid'-u-a-ry.     Residual.     Increment-Remnant. 
res'-i-due.     Remainder.     Increment-Remnant. 
re-sid'-u-um.      Residue;   rabble.      Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness,   Gentility-Commonalty,  Investigation-An- 
swer. 
re-sign'.       To    give    up.       Commission-Retirement, 
Kfeping-Relinquishment,  Yielding;  resign   one's 
being,    Life-Death;     resign    one's    breath,    Life- 
Death;    resign  oneself,  Excitability-Inexcitabil- 
ity,  Yielding. 
res"-ig-na'-tion.     Act    of    giving    up;  submissiveness. 
Commission-Abrogation,  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment,  Excitability- Inexcitability,   Insub- 
ordination -  Obedience,       Keeping  -  Relinquish- 
ment,    Quest-Abandonment,     Selfrespect-Hum- 
bleness,  Yielding. 
re-signed'.      Yielding.      Contentedness-Discontent, 
Discontinuance-Continuance,     Excitability-In- 
excitability,  yielding. 
re-sil'-i-ence.     Elasticity.     Advance-Retrogression, 

Elasticity-Inelasticity. 
re-sil'-i-ent.        Elastic.         Advance-Retrogression, 

Elasticity-Inelasticity. 
res'-in.    Stuff  exuding  from  plants.    Pulpiness-Rosiv. 
res'-in-ous.     Of  the  nature  of  resin.     Rosin. 
res"-i-pis'-cence.     Wisdom.     Repentance-Obduracy. 
res  ipsa  loquitur  [L.]  (riz  ip'-sa  loq'-wi-tur) .     The  thing 

itself  speaks.     Manifestation-Latency. 
re-sist'.      To  oppose.      Proffer-Refusal,  Reprisal- 
Resistance. 
re-sist'-ance.        Opposition.        Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Attack -Defense,    Cooperation  -  Opposi- 
tion, Reprisal-Resistance. 
resistance,  piece  de  [F.]  (re-zis"-tan-s',pi-es  de).     The 
principal  dish.     Nutriment-Excretion,  Reprisal- 
Resistance. 
re-sist'-ant.     Opposing.     Antagonism-Concurrence. 
re-sist'-ing.        Obstinate.        Insubordination-Obedi- 
ence, Reprisal-Resistance,  Toughness-Brittle* 
ness.  _ 

re-sist'-ive.         Offering   opposition.         Reprisal-Re- 
sistance. 


RESISTLESS. 


901 


RESONANCE— SIBILATION. 


re-sist'-less.  Irresistible.  Strength-Weakness,  Voli- 
tion-Obligation. 

res'-o-lute.  Bold;  determined.  Bravery-Coward- 
ice, Determination-Vacillation. 

res'-o-lute-ly.  Perseveringly.  Determination-Vac- 
illation. 

res'-o-lute-ness.  Perseverance.  Bravery-Coward- 
ice, Determination-Vacillation. 

res"-o-lu'-tion.  Bravery;  analysis;  determination; 
decision;  change  of  chords  in  music.  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Bravery  -  Cowardice,  Composition- 
Resolution,  Conception -Theme,  Conversion- 
Reversion,  Design,  Determination-Vacillation, 
Investigation  -  Answer,  Melody  -  Dissonance, 
President-Member,  Purpose-Luck,    Toil-Relax- 


ation, Vigor-Inertia;  dogged  resolution,  Bigotry- 
Apostasy. 

re-sol v'-a-ble.  Able  to  be  analyzed.  Resolvable  into, 
Conversion-Reversion,  Equality-Inequaltty. 

re-solve'.  To  determine;  to  melt;  to  interpret.  De- 
termination-Vacillation, Discovery,  Interpre- 
tation -  Misinterpretation,  Investigation  -  An- 
swer, Liquefaction-Volatilization,  Predetermi- 
nation-Impulse, Purpose-Luck;  resolve  into,  Con- 
version-Reversion; resolve  into  elements,  Com- 
position-Resolution. 

re-solved'.       Determined.       Determination-Vacilla- 


tion. 
res'-o-nance. 

Faintness, 
Silence. 


The  quality  of  sounding.      Loudness- 
Resonance-Nonresonance,    Sound- 


resonance— nomresonance. 


Reflection.     The  act  of  throwing  sound  back  from  any  surface. 
Resonance.     A  prolongation  or  reenforcement  of  sound  by  means  of 

sympathetic  vibration. 
Reverberation.     The  act  of  returning  or  sending  a  sound  back;  an 

echo;  a  reecho. 
Ring.     A  sound  produced  by  a  bell  or  other  sonorous  body. 
Ringing.     The  act  of  sounding.     See  Verbs. 
Tintinnabulation.     The  ringing  of  a  bell.    [Poe.] 

Resonance — Denotations. 

Baritone.     A  male  voice  higher  than  bass  and  lower  than  tenor, 

Bass.     The  lowest  tones  of  the  voice. 

Bass  note.     A  low  note. 

Basso  fit.].     A  bass  part  in  music. 

Basso-  prof  undo.     The  lowest  bass  voice. 

Contralto.     The  musical  part  between  soprano  and  tenor. 

Deep  note.     A  low  note 

F*at  note.     A  note  below  a  certain  pitch. 

Grp.ve  note.     A  note  very  low  in  pitch. 

Low  note.     A  note  of  low  pitch. 

Profundo.     The  deepest  bass. 

Resonance — Verbs. 

Chime.     To  ring  in  harmony  or  unison. 

Chink.     To  produce   a  short,  sharp  sound  as  of  metals  striking 

together. 
Clink.     To  make  a  short,  sharp,  slightly  ringing  sound. 
Echo.     To  give  back  or  repeat  a  sound. 
Gingle.     To  jingle. 
Guggle.     To  gurgle. 
Gurgle.     To  make  a  murmuring  sound. 

Jingle.     To  produce  a  sharp,  tinkling  sound,  as  of  a  little  bell. 
Plash.     To  make  the  sound  of  rapidly  falling  water. 
Reecho.     To  echo  again. 

Resound.     To  give  forth  a  deep  heavy  sound ;  also,  to  echo. 
Reverberate.     To  send  back  a  sound ;  also,  to  reecho  time  and  again. 
Ring.     To  give  forth  a  resonant  sound,  as  of  a  bell. 
Ring  in  the  ear.     To  have  a  tingling  sensation  in  the  ear  produced  by 

irritation  of  the  auditory  nerve  from  within. 
Tink.     To  make  a  tinkling  sound. 


Cracked  bell.     A  bell  which  has  a  crack  in  it,  and  will  therefore  not 

be  resonant. 
Damper.     Any  means  for  stopping  the  vibrations. 
Dead  sound.     One  in  which  there  is  no  resonance. 
Muffled  drums.     Drums  so  covered  as  to  deaden  the  sound. 
Non-resonance.     The  quality  of  not  tending  to  prolong  and  reenforce 

the  sound  by  sympathetic  vibration. 
Thud.     A  dull  heavy  sound. 
Thump.     A  heavy  and  rathei  dull  sound. 

Nonresonance — Verbs. 

Damp  the  reverberations.     To  damp  the  sound. 
Damp  the  sound.     To  check  the  vibrations;  to  deaden  the  sound. 
Sound  dead.     To  have  a  non-resonant  sound. 
Stop  the  reverberations.     To  stop  the  sound. 

Stop  the  sound.     To  prevent  resonance  by  interfering  with  the  sym 
pathetic  vibrations. 

Nonresonance — Adjectives. 

Dead.     Non-resonant. 

Non-resonant.     Without  the  quality  of  sending  back  or  prolonging 
sound. 


RESONANCE— Verbs— Continued. 

Tinkle.     To  give  forth  a  series  of  slight,  sharp,  clear  sounds,  as  of  a 
sheep-bell. 

Resonance — Adjectives. 
Deep-mouthed.     Having  a  loud  and  sonorous  voice. 
Deep-sounding.     Low  and  bass. 
Deep-toned.     Of  a  low  tone. 
Gruff.     Having  or  giving  forth  a  rough  sound. 
Hollow.     Resembling  the  sound  reverberated  from  a  cavity.  ■ 
Resonant.    Tending  to  prolong  and  reenforce  sound  by  sympathetic 

vibration. 
Resounding.     Ringing.     See  Verbs. 
Sepulchral.     Unnaturally  low  or  hollow  in  tone. 
Tinnient.      Emitting  a  clear  tinkling  sound. 
Tintinnabulary.     Ringing  or  sounding  like  a  bell. 


RESONANCE— SIBILATION. 


SlBILATION. 

Hiss.     A  prolonged  sound  of  s  made  by  forcing  the  breath  between 

the  tongue  and  teeth;  a  sibilation. 
Sibilation.     A  hissing  sound,  such  as  that  produced  by  a  goose  or 

serpent. 
Sternutation.     The  act  of  sneezing. 

Sibilation — Denotations. 

Goose.     A  fowl  which  utters  a  hissing  sound. 

High  note.     A  note  marking  a  tone  of  many  vibrations. 

Serpent.     A  crawling  animal  which  hisses. 

Sibilation — Verbs. 

Buzz.     To  make  a  humming,  sibilant  sound,  as  a  bee. 

Fizz.     To  make  a  hissing  noise. 

Fizzle.     To  make  a  hissing  noise,  as  of  wet  wood  burning. 


Hiss.     To  utter  a  prolonged  sound  of  s  through  th<;  teeth. 

Huzz.     To  buzz;  murmur. 

Rustle.  To  make  a  series  of  quick  gentle  sounds,  as  of  leaves  blow» 
by  the  wind. 

Sneeze.  To  produce  a  sound  by  convulsively  and  spasmodically 
driving  the  breath  through  the  nose. 

Snuffle.  To  make  a  noise  by  forcing  the  breath  through  the  ob- 
structed nasal  passages. 

Swish.     To  move  with  a  whistling  sound. 

Wheeze      To  breathe  hard  and  with  an  audible  sound. 

Whistle.  To  make  a  shrill  musical  sound  by  forcing  the  brrath 
through  the  contracted  lips. 

Whiz.     A  sibilant  sound  slightly  sonant. 

Sibilation — Adjectives. 

Hissing.     Making  a  hissing  sound.     See  Verbs. 
Sibilant.     Making  a  hissing  sound. 
Wheezy.     Making  a  whistling  sound. 


RESONANT. 


902 


RESULTANT. 


res'-o-nant.     Sonorous.     Resonance-Nonresonance, 

Sound-Silence. 
re-sorb'.  Reabsorb.  Admission-Expulsion. 
re-sort'.  Gathering-place;  haunt.  Concentration- 
Radiation,  Dweller- Habitation,  Gathering- 
place,  Gathering-Scattering;  last  resort,  Voli- 
tion-Obligation; resort  to,  Presence-Absence, 
Traveling-Navigation,  Use-Disuse. 

re-sound'.  To  ring  out.  Loudness-Faintness, 
Resonance-Nonresonance;  resound  praises,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval. 

re-sound'-ing.  Echoing.  Resonance-Nonreso- 
nance. 

re-sour'-ces.  Means;  wealth.  Affluence-Penury, 
Means,  Property,  Provision-Waste. 

re-spect'.  Esteem;  connection.  Connection-Inde- 
pendence, Observance-Nonobservance,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness, Regard-Disrespect,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit; in  no  respect,  Assertion-Denial, 
Magnitude-Smallness;  with  respect  to,  Connec- 
tion-Independence. 

re-spect"-a-bil'-i-ty.  State  of  being  respectable.  Me- 
diocrity, Reputation  -  Discredit.  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

re-spect'-a-ble .  Worthy  of  esteem.  Consequence-In- 
significance, Reputation-Discredit,  Upright- 
ness-Dishonesty. 

re-spect'-ed.     Esteemed.     Regard-Disrespect. 

re-spect'-ful.  Pc'.ite.  Regard-Disrespect;  respect- 
ful distance,  Quest-Evasion,  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion. 

re-spect'-ing.     Regarding.     Regard-Disrespect. 

re-spect'-ive.  Pertaining  to  each  of  several  or  more. 
Assignment,  Universality-Particularity. 

re-spect'-ive-ly.  Severally.  Assignment,  Universal- 
ity-Particularity. 

re-spect'-less.     Regardless.     Heed-Disregard. 

re-spects'.  Compliments.  Politeness-Impoliteness, 
Regard-Disrespect. 

re-sperse'.     To  scatter.     Gathering-S~..ttering. 

re-sper'-sion.     A  scattering.     Gathering-Scattering. 

respicere  finem  [L.]  (re-spic'-er-i  fai'-nem).  To  look  to 
the  end.     Prevision. 

res"-pi-ra'-tion.     Breathing.    Life-Death. 

re-spire'.  To  breathe;  to  rest.  Anatomy,  Life- 
Death,  River- Wind,  Weariness-Refreshment. 

res'-pite.  Delay;  rest.  Discontinuance-Continu- 
ance, Duration-Neverness,  Earliness-Lateness, 
Exculpation-Conviction,  Rescue,  Toil-Relaxa- 
tion. 

re-splen'-dent.  Splendid.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Light- 
Darkness. 

re-spond'.  To  answer;  act  in  sympathy  with.  Emo- 
tion, Harmony-Discord,  Investigation-Answer. 

re-spond'-ent.  One  who  answers;  defendant.  Investi- 
gation-Answer, Justification-Charge. 

re-sponse'.  Answer;  a  kind  of  repetition  in  music.  Ad- 
dress-Response, Amity -Hostility,  Devotion- 
Idolatry,  Emotion,  Variance-Accord. 

re-spon"-si-bil'-i-ty.    Trust;  duty.  Duty-Dereliction. 

re-spon'-si-ble.     Accountable.    Duty-Dereliction. 

re  spon'-sive.  Ready  to  answer.  Investigation-An- 
swer. 

rest.  Remainder;  pause;  repose;  to  be  supported. 
Action  -  Passi  veness,  Discontinuance  -  Continu- 
ance, Increment-Remnant,  Life-Death,  Melody- 
Dissonance,  Movement-Rest,  Mutation-Perma- 
nence, Suspension-Support,  Toil-Relaxation;  f.t 
rest,  Contentedness-Discontentment;  rest  and  be 
thankful,  Action-Passiveness,  Contentedness- 
Discontentment,  Toil-Relaxation;  rest  assured, 
Faith  -  Misgiving,  Sanguineness  -  Hopelessness  ; 
rest  on,  Suspension-Support;  rest  on  one's  oars,  Ac- 
tion-Passiveness, Discontinuance-Continuance, 


Toil-Relaxation;  rest  satisfied,  Contentedness- 
Discontentm-ent;  rest  upon,  Evidence-Counter- 
evidence,  Faith-Misgiving;  rent  with,  Duty-Der- 
eliction; set  at  rest,  Certainty-Doubt,  Comple- 
tion-Noncompletion,  Contract,  Investigation- 
Answer;  set  one's  mind  at  rest,  Excitability-Inex- 
citability,  Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness;  set 
the  question  at  rest,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Proof- 
Disproof. 

res'-tau-rant.     Eating-house.     Dweller-Habitation. 

restaurateur  [F.]  (re"-sto"-ra"-tur'j .  Keeper  of  a  restau- 
rant.    Provision-Waste. 

teste,  au  [P.]  (rest,  o).  Besides.  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion. 

rest'-ful.     Quiet.     Movement-Rest. 

rest'-iff.  Restive.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Favorite- 
Moroseness,  Favorite-Quarrelsomeness,  Insub- 
ordination-Obedience, Proffer-Refusal,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance. 

rest'-ing.  Being  supported;  enjoying  repose.  Resting- 
place,  Arrival-Departure,  Movement-Rest,  Sus- 
pension-Support. 

res"-ti-tu'-tion.  Giving  back.  Renovation-Relapse, 
Taking-Restitution. 

rest'-ive.  Restless;  rebellious.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Favorite  -  Moroseness,  Insubordination  -  Obedi- 
ence, Proffep-Refusal,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

rest'-less.  Uneasy;  active;  agitated.  Activity-Pas- 
si veness,  Agitation,  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Movement-Rest,  Mutability-Stability,  Sanguine- 
nesc- Timidity,  Strength- Weakness. 

res*'-,t.=s-ness.  Uneasy.  Activity-Indolence,  Agita- 
tion, Excitability-Inexcitability,  Movement- 
Rest,  Mutability-Stability. 

re-stor'-a-ble.  Capable  of  being  restored.  Renova- 
tion-Relapse. 

re-stor'-al.     Restoration.     Renovation-Relapse. 

res"-to-ra'-tion.     Revival.     Renovation-Relapse. 

re-stor'-a-tive.  Tending  to  restore.  Alleviation-Ag- 
gravation, Healthiness-Unhealthiness,  Remedy- 
Bane. 

re-store'.  To  revive;  to  replace.  Conversion-Rever- 
sion, Remedy-Bane,  Renewal,  Renovation-Re- 
lapse, Taking-Restitution;  restore  equilibrium, 
Equality-Inequality;  restore  harmony,  Fighting- 
Conciliation;  restore  to  health,  Health-Sick- 
ness. 

re-stored'.     Renewed.     Renovation-Relapse. 

re-stor'-ing.  Giving  back.  Renovation- Relapse, 
Taking-Restitution. 

re-strain'.  To  hold  back.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion, Insubordination-Obedience,  Leave-Prohi- 
bition, Release-Restraint. 

re-strain '-a-ble.  Controllable.  Insubordination-Obe- 
dience. 

re-strained'.     Curbed.     Release-Restraint. 

re-straint'.  Restriction.  Coercion,  Excitability'-In- 
excitability,  Release-Restraint ;  self-restraint, 
Determination- Vacillation,  Excitability-Inex- 
citability, Moderation-Selfindulgence. 

re-strict'.  To  restrain.  Leave -Prohibition,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Release-Restraint. 

re-stric'-tion.  Limitation.  Leave-Prohibition,  Ob- 
struction-Hflp. 

re-strict'-ive.     Limiting.     Leave-Prohibition. 

re-strin'-gen-cy.    Astringency.    Release-Restraint. 

re-strin'-gent.     Restrictive.     Release-Restraint. 

rest'-y.     Restive.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

re-sult'.  Outcome.  Cause-Effect,  Completion- 
Noncompletion,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Incre- 
ment-Remnant. 

re-sult'-ance.     A  resultant.     Cause-Effect. 

re-sult'-ant.  Effect.  Cause-Effect,  Composition- 
Resolution. 


RESUME. 


903 


RETROSPECTIVE. 


re-sume'.  To  take  up  again.  Beginning-End,  Mu- 
tation-Permanence, Recurrence,  Renovation- 
Relapse,  Taking-Restitution. 

risutni  [F.]  (re-zu-me') .    Summary.     Digest. 

re-sump'-tion.  Act  of  taking  up  again.  Renova- 
tion-Relapse, Taking-Restitution. 

re-su"-pi-na'-tion.  The  state  of  lying.-  Erectness- 
Flatness. 

res"-ur-rec'-tion.  Rising  from  the  dead;  renewal. 
Heaven-Hell,  Renewal. 

re-sus'-ci-tate.  To  revive.  Renewal,  Renovation- 
Relapse. 

re-sus"-ci-ta'-tion.  Act  of  reviving.  Heaven-Hell, 
Renewal,  Renovation-Relapse. 

re-ta'-ble.     An  altar  piece.     Suspension-Support. 

re-tail'.  To  gossip;  to  sell.  Buying-Sale,  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy, Exchange,  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing. 

re'-tail.     Selling.     Buying-Sale,  Exchange. 

re-tail'-er.     One  who  retails.     Dealer. 

re-tain'.  To  hold.  Keeping-Relinquishment,  Mu- 
tability-Stability; retain  one's  reason,  Saneness- 
Lunacy;  retain  the  memory,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness. 

re-tain'-er.     Servant.     Chi^f-Underling. 

re-tain'-ing.  Holding  back.  Keeping-Relinquish- 
ment. 

re-take'.    To  take  back.    Taking-Restitution. 

re-tal'-i-ate.  To  return  like  for  like.  Commutation- 
Permutation,  Reprisal-Resistance. 

re-tal'-i-at-ing.     Revenging.     Reprisal-Resistance. 

re-tal"-i-a'-tion.  Return  of  like  for  like.  Pardon- 
Vindictiveness,  Reprisal-Resistance. 

re-tal'-i-a-tive.  Given  to  revenge.  Reprisal-Resist- 
ance. 

re-tal'-i-a-to-ry.    Retaliative.     Reprisal-Resistance. 

re-tard'.  To  hinder.  Earliness-  Lateness,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Swiftness-Slowness. 

re"-tar-da'-tion.  Hindrance.  Earliness-Lateness, 
Obstruction-Help,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

re-tard'-ment.     Retardation.     Obstruction-Help. 

retch.    To  heave.    Admission-Expulsion. 

re-tec'-tion.  Act  of  disclosing.  Exposure-Hiding- 
place. 

re-ten'-tion.  Keeping.  Holding-Exemption,  Keep- 
ing-Relinquishment. 

re-ten'-tive.  Retaining.  Keeping-Relinquishment; 
retentive  memory,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

re-ten'-tive-ness.  Power  of  holding.  Remembrance- 
Forgetfulness. 

ret'-i-cence.  Reserve  in  speech.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 

ret'-i-cent.  Reserved.  Enlightenment -Secrecy, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

ret'-i-cle.     Part  of  a  telescope.    Crossing. 

re-tic'-u-lar.     Meshy.     Crossing. 

re-tic"-u-la'-tion.  Network.  Circle-Winding,  Cross- 
ing. 

ret'-i-cule.    Network.    Contents-Receiver. 

re'-ti-form.    Like  a  network.    Crossing. 

ret'-i-na.  Part  of  the  eye.  Anatomy,  Sight-Blind- 
ness. 

ret'-i-nue.  Retainers;  results.  Chief-Underling,  Con- 
tinuity -  Interruption,  Predecessor  -  Continua- 
tion. 

re- tire'.  To  recede;  to  give  up  office;  to  go  into  priv- 
acy. Advance-Retrogression.  Approach- With- 
drawal, Arrival-Departure,  Commission-Retire- 
ment, Conceit-Diffidence,  Convexity-Concav- 
ity, Quest-Evasion,  Sociability-Privacy;  retire 
from  sight,  Appearance-Disappearance,  Enlight- 
enmlnt-Secrecy;  retire  into  the  shade,  Increase- 
Decrease,  Supremacy-Subordinacy. 


re-tired'.     Secluded.     Sociability-Privacy. 

re-tire'-ment.  Seclusion.  Commission-Retirement, 
Sociability-Privacy. 

re-tir'-ing.  Bending  backward;  not  showy.  Blue- 
ness-Orange,  Convexity-Concavity. 

re-told'.     Told  over.     Recurrence. 

re-tort'.  Receptacle;  sharp  reply.  Chemistry,  Con- 
tents-Receiver, Investigation-Answer,  Lique- 
faction -  Volatilization,  Oven  -  Refrigerator, 
Proof-Disproof,  Reprisal-Resistance,  Witti- 
ness-dulness. 

re-touch'.     To  modify.     Renovation- Relapse. 

re-trace'.  To  trace  back;  to  recite.  Remembrance- 
Forgetfulness;  retrace  one's  steps,  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy. 

re-tract'-  To  recant;  to  draw  back.  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy, Commission-Abrogation,  Commission-Re- 
tirement, Determination-Vacillation,  Observ- 
ance-nonobser  vance. 

re"-trac-ta'-tion.  Retraction.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Establishment-Removal. 

re-trac'-tion.  Act  of  taking  back.  Assertion-Denial, 
Bigotry-Apostasy,  Commission-Abrogation. 

re- treat'.  To  withdraw;  secluded  spot;  moving  back- 
ward. Advance-Retrogression,  Approach-With- 
drawal, Commission-Abrogation,  Dweller-Habi- 
tation, Escape,  Exposure-Hidingplace,  Quest- 
Evasion,  Refuge-Pitfall,  Yielding  ;  beat  a  retreat, 
Quest-Evasion,  Yielding. 

re-treat'-ing.  Bending  backward.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity. 

re-trench'.  To  curtail.  Addition-Subtraction,  Gen- 
erosity-Frugality, Length -Shortness,  Loan- 
Borrowing. 

re-trench'-ment.  Act  of  retrenching.  Addition-Sub- 
traction, Generosity-Frugality,  Length-Short- 
ness. 

re-trib'-ute.    To  pay  back.    Settlement-Default. 

ret"-ri-bu'-tion.      Punishment;    retaliation.       Recom- 

PENSE-PUNITION,      REPRISAL-RESISTANCE,      SeTTLE- 

ment-Default. 

re-trib'-u-tive.     Retaliative.     Recompense-Punition. 

re-triev'-a-ble.     Recoverable.     Renovation-Relapse. 

re-triev'-al.    Restoration.    Gain-Loss. 

ie-trieve'.  To  recover.  Gain-Loss,  Renovation-Re- 
lapse, Rescue. 

re-triev'-er.     Kind  of  dog.     Fauna-Flora. 

re"-tro-ac'-tion.  Action  backward.  Advance-Retro- 
gression, Cooperation-Opposition,  Impetus-Re- 
action. 

re"-tro-act'-ive.    Designed  to  react.    Future-Past. 

re"-tro-cede'.  To  cede  or  give  back.  Advance-Retro- 
gression. 

re"-trc-ces'-sion.  The  act  of  ceding  back.  Advance- 
Retrogression,  Approach-Withdrawal. 

ret"-ro-gra-  !a'-tion.  Movement  backward.  Advance- 
Retrogression,  Renovation-Relapse. 

ret'-rc-gratie.  To  recede;  to  deteriorate.  Advance- 
Retrogression,  Betterment  -  Deterioration, 
Renovation-Relapse. 

re"-tro-gres'-sion.  Deterioration;  a  receding.  Ad- 
vance-Retrogression, Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion. 

re"-tro-gres'-sive.  Moving  backward.  Advance-Ret- 
rogression. 

re-trorse'.  Bent  backward.  Conversion-Reversion, 
Plicature. 

ret'-ro-spect.  Looking  back  on  past  things.  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness. 

ret"-ro-spec'-tion.  A  looking  back  on  the  past.  Fu- 
ture-Past, Mind-Imbecility,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness. 

ret"-ro-spec'-tive.  Referring  to  the  past.  Future- 
Past. 


RETROSPECTIVELY. 


904 


REVELATION— PSEUDOREVELATION. 


ret"-ro-spec'-tive-ly.  Pertaining  to  the  past.  Future- 
Past. 

re"-tro-ver'-sion.    A  tipping  backward.     Reversal. 

re"-tro-vert'.    To  turn  back.     Reversal. 

re-trude'.  To  thrust  back.  Attraction-Repul- 
sion. 

re-tund'.    To  render  dull.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

re-turn'.  Repetition;  backward  movement;  restora- 
tion; reply;  gain.  Account,  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Arrival-Departure,  Commission- Abroga- 
tion, Conversion-Reversion,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Gain-Loss,  Impetus-Reaction,  Investi- 
gation-Answer, Mark,  Outlay-Income,  Periodic- 
ity-Irregularity, Property,  Recompense-Puni- 
tion,  Record,  Recurrence,  Renovation-Re- 
lapse ;  in  return,  Compensation  ;  return  thanks,  De- 
votion-Idolatry, Thankpulness-Thanklessness; 
return  the  compliment,  Commutation-Permutation, 
Reprisal-Resistance;  return  to  the  original  state, 
Renovation-Relapse. 

re-un'-ion.    Coming  together  again.    Union-Disunion. 


reunion  [F.]  (re-u-ni-on-').  Meeting.  Gathering-Scat- 
tering, Variance-Accord. 

reunion,  fointde  [F.]  (re-u-ni-orr',p\vair  do).  A  gather- 
ing point.     Gatheringplace. 

reunion  social[F.]  (re-u-ni-orv',  so-si-al') .  A  social  gath- 
ering.    Sociability-Privacy. 

revandie,  en  [F.]  (re-van"sh/,  an).  In  return.  Re- 
prisal-Resistance. 

re-veal'.  To  disclose.  Exposure-Hidingplack  ;  reveal 
itself,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

re-veaT-ment.     Revelation.     Expos  ure-IIi  din  gplacl. 

rev"-eil-le'.  The  morning-call  to  soldiers  in  camp. 
Sign. 

reveiller  Ic  chat  qui  dort,  ne  pas  [F.]  (re-ve-ye'  le  sha 
ki  dor,  ne  pa).  Do  not  arouse  the  sleeping  cat. 
Recklessness-Caution,  Warning. 

rev'-el.  To  make  merry ;  to  carouse.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Moderation-Voluptuary;  revel  in, 
Sensuality-Suffering. 

rev"-e-la'-tion.  Something  revealed.  Exposure-Hid- 
ingplace,  Revelation-Pseudorevelation 


REVELATION— PSEUDO  REVELATION. 


Afflatus    [L.j.     A  supernatural  elevation  of  soul  accompanying  a 

divine  revelation. 
Inspiration.     Supernatural  divine  influence,  as  exerted  upon  sacred 

teachers  and  writers,  by  which  divine  authority  was  given  to  their 

writings. 
Revelation.     The  act  or  process  of  revealing  by  divine  agency,  or 

the  state  of  being  revealed;  that  which  has  been  revealed,  as  the 

doctrines  of  the  Bible. 

Revelation — Denotations. 

Acts.     The  record  of  the  deeds  of  the  apostles,  written  by  St  Luke. 
Apocalypse.     The  revelation  recorded  in  the  last  book  of  the  New 

Testament. 
Apocrypha.     A  collection  of  fourteen  books,  included  in  the  Septua- 

gint  and  Vulgate  versions  of  the  Bible. 
Ecclesiastes.     One  of  the  books  of  the  Old  Testament  attributed  to 

Solomon. 
Epistles.     The  writings  of  the  apostles. 
Evangelists.     The  four  Gospels. 
Gospel.     The  announcement  of  the  salvation  of  men  through  the 

death  of  Christ. 
Gospels.     The  four  memoirs  of  Christ  in  the  New  Testament. 
Hagiographa.     All  the  books  of  the  Old  Testament  not  reckoned  in 

the  Law  or  the  Prophets. 
Hagiology.     A  compilation  of  the  lives  of  saints. 
Hierographa.     Sacred  writings. 
Holy  Scriptures.     The  Bible.    • 
Holy  Writ.     The  writings  of  inspired  writers. 
Inspired  writing.     A  writing  inspired  by  God. 
Leviticus.     The  book  of  the  law  of  the  Old  Testament. 
Major  Prophets.     The  Old  Testament  books  containing  the  prophe- 
cies of  Isaiah,  Jeremiah,  Ezekiel,  and  Daniel. 
Masorah.     A  collection  of  criticisms  and  marginal  notes  on  the  Old 

Testament. 
Minor  Prophets.     The  works  of  the  prophets  of  the  Old  Testament, 

excluding  the  Major  Prophets. 
Mishna.     The  first  part  of  the  Talmud. 
New   Testament.     That  part   of   the   Scriptures   written   after  the 

Advent. 
Octateuch.     The  eight  first  books  of  the  Old  Testament. 
Old   Testament.     That   part  of  the  Scriptures   wrircen  before   the 

Advent. 
Pentateuch.     The  five  first  books  of  the  Bible. 
Revelations.     The  last  book  of  the  New  Testament. 
Septuagint.     A  Greek  version  of  the  Old  Testament  made  between 

280  and  130  B.  C. 
Talmud.     The  body  of  Jewish  civil  and  canonical  law  not  comprised 

in  the  Pentateuch. 
Thalmud.     The  Talmud. 
The  Bible.     The    sacred    Scriptures    as    received    by   the    Christian 

Church. 
The  Jewish  Law.     The  books  of  the  Talmud  and  the  Pentateuch. 
The  Law.     The  Pentateuch. 
The  Prophets.     The  books  of  the  Old  Testament  written  by  the 

prophets. 
The  Scriptures.     Holy  writings. 


Pseudo-revelation.     The  act  or  process  of  revealing  falsely,  or  that 
which  has  been  falsely  revealed. 

Pseudorevelation — Denotations. 
Baal.     The   supreme   divinity    of  the    Phenician   and   Canaanitish 

nations. 
Babism.     The  principles  of  the  Babi. 
Book  of  Mormon.     The  book  Containing  the  Mormon  revelation    and 

faith. 
Buddha.      A  deified  religious  teacher  of  the  Buddhists. 
Confucius.     The  great  Chinese  philosopher  and  teacher. 
Dagon.     The  national  god  of  the  Philistines. 
Edda.      The  religious  mythological  book  of  the  old  Scandinavia* 

tribes. 
Gautama.     The  founder  of  the  Hindu  Nyaya  philosophy. 
Golden  calf.     An  image  for  worship.     See  Devotion-Idolatry. 
G  ota  ma.     Gautama. 

Mahomet.     The  founder  of  Mohammedanism . 
Moloch.     A  Phenician  god. 
Purana.     Sanskrit  sacred  writings. 

Shaster.     The  Brahminical  institutes  of  laws,  letters,  and  religions. 
The  Alcoran.     The  Koran. 
The  Koran.     The  Mohammedan  Bible. 
Vedas.     The  holy  books  of  the  Hindus. 

Zend-Avesta.     The  sacred  writings  of  the  religion  of  Zoroaster. 
Zoroaster.     The  founder  of  the  Irano-Persian  religion. 


REVELATION — Denotations — Continued. 

Vulgate.     St.  Jerome's  Latin  version  of  the  Bible,  used  by  Roman 
Catholics. 

Word*  J  The  Bible. 


Word  of  God. 


Revelation — Nouns  of  Agent. 


Apostle.     One  of  the  twelve  chosen  witnesses  sent  forth  by  Christ 

to  proclaim  the  revelations  of  his  gospel;  any  person  zealously 

advocating  any  doctrine. 
Disciple.     One  who  believes  the  teaching  of  another,  or  adopts  and 

follows  some  doctrine,  as  disciples  of  Christ. 
Evangelist.     One  of  the  four  writers  of  the  Gospels. 
Holy  men  of  old.     The  prophets. 
Inspired  penmen.     Sacred  writers. 

Prophet.     One  who  delivers  divine  revelations.     See  Soothsayer. 
Saint.     A  holy,  godly,  or  sanctified  person. 
The  Apostolical   Fathers.     Clement  of   Rome     Barnabas,    Hermes 

Ignatius,  Polycarp,  contemporaries  with  the  apostles. 
The  Fathers.     The  founders  of  the  Christian  Church. 

Revelation — Adjectix<es. 
Apocalyptic.     Pertaining  to  or  like  the  Apocalypse  or  any  prophetic 

revelation. 
Apostolic.    \  Of    or  pertaining  to  an  apostle  or  the  apostles.     See 
Apostolical.'       Nouns. 
Biblical.     Pertaining  to  the  Bible. 
Canonical.     Belonging  to  the  canon  of  Scripture. 


REVELATION. 


905 


REVERSAL. 


REVELATION— Adjectives— Continued. 


Ecclesiastical.     Of  or  pertaining  to  the  Church. 

Evangelical.     Of  or  pertaining  to  the  gospel  or  the  four  Gospels. 

Evangelistic.     Evangelical. 

Inspired.     Communicated,  imparted,  or  guided  by  inspiration. 

Prophetic.     Of  or  pertaining  to  a  prophet  or  prophecy. 


Sacred.     Set  apart  or  dedicated  to  religious  use;  esteemed  especially 

dear  to  Deity. 
Scriptural.     Of  or  pertaining  to  Biblical  revelations. 
Textuary .     Contained  in  the  text ;  serving  as  a  text. 
Theopneustic.     Given  by  inspiration  of  the  Spirit  of  God. 


Rev-e-la'-tions.    The  last  book  of  the  Bible.     Revela- 

TION-PSEUDOREVELATION. 

rev'-el-er.  One  who  revels.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

rev'-el-ing.  Carousing;  rejoicing.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Jubilation-Lamentation,  Regular- 
ity-Irregularity. 

rev'-el-ry.  Noisy  festivity.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Moderation-Selfindulgence. 

rev'-els.  A  revel.  Entertainment-Weariness,  Mod- 
eration-Selfindulgence. 

re-ven'-di-cate.  To  reclaim.  Gain-Loss,  Jubilation- 
Lamentation,  Order. 

re-ven"-di-ca'-tion.     A  lawsuit.     Order. 

re-venge'.  Avenge.  Favorite-Anger,  Pardon-Vin- 
dictiveness,  Reprisal-Resistance;  breathe  re- 
venge,  Favorite-Anger,   Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

re-venge'-ful.  Disposed  to  revenge.  Pardon-Vindic- 
tiveness. 

re-venge'-ment.  Retribution.  Pardon-Vindictive- 
ness. 

revenons  h  nos  moutons  [F.]  (re-ve-non*  anomu-ton''). 
Let  us  resume  our  subject.  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Renovation-Relapse. 

rev'-e-nue.    Income.     Outlay-Income. 

re-ver'-ber-ate.  To  reecho.  Impetus-Reaction,  Res- 
onance-Nonresonance. 

re-ver"-ber-a'-tion.  Act  of  resounding  or  reflecting. 
Crash-Drumming,  Impetus-Reaction,  Resonance- 
nonresonance. 

re-ver'-ber-a-to"-ry.  Reverberativc.  Oven-Refriger- 
ator. 

re-vere'.  To  esteem  highly.  Godliness-Ungodliness, 
Regard-Disrespect,  Title. 

rev'-er-ence.  To  respect;  to  adore.  Church,  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness, Regard-Disrespect,  Title. 

rev'-er-enced.     Respected.     Sage-Fool. 

rev'-er-end.     Venerable.     Church,  Title. 

rev'-er-ent.  Devout.  Devotion-Idolatry,  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness. 

rev' '-er-en'-tial.  Showing  reverence.  Regard-Disre- 
spect. 

rev'-er-ie.  Day-dream.  Fancy,  Heed-Disregard, 
Mind-Imbecility. 

re-vers'-al.    Change.    Bigotry-Apostasy,  Reversal. 

RKVERSAL. 

Anaslrophe  [Gr.].     An  inversion  of  the  natural  order  of  words. 

Anastrophy.     Anastrophe. 

Contraposition,  etc.     A   placing   opposite.     See    Later ality-Con- 

TRAPOSITION. 

Contrariety,  etc.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  opposite  or  contrary. 

See  Contrast. 
Culbute  [P.].     Summersault. 
Eversion.      The  state  of  being  turned  back  or  outward;  the  act  of 

everting. 
Hypallage.      A  figure  consisting  of  a  transference  of  attributes  from 

their  proper  subjects  to  others. 
Hyperbaton  [L.].      A  transposition  of  words  from  their  grammatical 

order. 
Hysteron-proteron  [Gr-].      A  figure  in  which  the  natural  order  of  the 

sense  is  reversed. 
Introversion.     The  act  of  turning  inward,  or  the  state   of  being 

turned  inward. 
Inversion.     The  act  of  inverting,  or  turning  over  and  backward,  or 

the  state  of  being  inverted ;  transposition. 
Metastasis   [Gr  ].      In  theology,  a  spiritual  change;  in  medicine,  a 

change  in  the  location  of  a  disease. 


Metathesis  [Gr.].  Transposition,  as  of  the  letters  or  syllables  of  a 
word. 

Overturn.  The  act  of  overturning,  or  the  state  c  f  being  overturned 
or  subverted. 

Palindrome.  A  word  or  words  that  read  the  same  forward  or  back- 
ward.       * 

Parenthesis.  The  curved  lines  which  enclose  a  parenthetic  word  or 
phrase. 

Pirouette  [F.].     A  rapid  whirling  on  the  toes  in  dancing. 

Pronation  and  supination.  The  act  of  turning  the  hand  palm  down- 
ward and  upward. 

Retroversion.  A  turning  or  bending  backward;  also,  the  state  of 
being  turned  or  bent  backward. 

Reversal.  The  act  of  reversing;  the  causing  to  move  or  face  in  an 
opposite  direction;  a  change  or  overthrowing. 

Reversion.  The  act  of  returning  or  coming  back;  that  which 
reverts  or  returns;  a  return  toward  some  ancestral  type  or 
character;  the  returning  of  an  estate  to  a  grantor  or  his  heirs,  by 
operation  of  law,  after  the  grant  has  terminated. 

Revulsion.     A  sudden  reaction ;  a  sudden  and  complete  change. 

Somersault.].  A  leap  in  which  a  person  turns  heels  over  head  and 

Somerset,     i       lights  on  his  feet. 

Subversion.     Overthrow;  ruin. 

Summerset.     Somerset. 

Synchysis  [Gr.]  A  derangement  or  confusion  of  any  kind;  as,  of 
words  in  a  sentence. 

Tmesis  [Gr.].  The  separation  of  the  parts  of  a  compound  word  by 
the  intervention  of  one  or  more  words. 

Transposition.  The  act  of  transposing  or  the  state  of  being  trans- 
posed. 

Turn  of  the  tide.     Change  of  the  tide. 

Reversal — Verbs. 

Be  inverted,  etc.     To  be  set  upside  down.     See  Adjectives. 

Capsize.     Upset  or  overturn,  as  a  boat. 

Culbuter  [F.].     Throw  down  head  over  heels. 

Introvert.     Turn  witKin;  turn  in,  as  one  part  within  another. 

Invert.     Turn  inside  out  or  upside  down ;  reverse. 

Overset.     To  turn  over. 

Overturn.     Upset;  turnover;  capsize. 

Retrovert.     Tip  orturn  back. 

Reverse.  Turn  back,  to  the  contrary  or  upside  down;  change  to  the 
former  or  to  a  contrary  condition  or  state. 

Subvert.     Overthrow  from  the  foundation;  utterly  destroy. 

Transpose.     Reverse  the  order  or  change  the  place  of. 

Upset.     Overturn;  to  be  upset. 

Upturn.     Turn  up  or  over ;  overturn. 

Reversal — Verbal  Expressions, 

Go  about;  go  over;  go  round;  go  to  the  right-about;  put  the  cart 
before  the  horse ;  tilt  over;  topple  over;  turnabout;  turnaround; 
turn  over;  turn  the  tables;  turn  topsy-turvy;  turn  to  the  right- 
about; wheel  about;  wheelround;  wheel  to  the  right-about. 

Reversal — A  djectives. 
Bottom  upwards.)  t,  , 

Inside  out.  J  Reversed" 

Inverse.     Opposed  in  order  or  effect;  inverted. 
Inverted,  etc.     Turned  in  a  contrary  direction,  etc.     See  Verbs. 
Keel  upwards.     Overturned. 
On  one*s  head.     Upside  down. 
Opposite,  etc.     Standing,  situated,  or  placed  in  front  of  or  over 

against.     See  Laterality-Contraposition. 
Reverse.etc.     Turned  backward, etc.     See  Contrast. 
Sens  dessus  dasous  [P.J     Upside  down. 

Supine.     Lying  on  the  back.  j 

Topheavy.      Having  the  top  or  upper  part  too  heavy  for  the  lowerj 

part;  hence,  liable  to  turn  or  tip  over.  * 

Topsy-turvy.     Upside  down. 
Upside  down.     With  the  upper  side  down. 
Wrong  side  out.     With  the  inside  out. 
Wrong  side  up.     With  the  bottom  up. 

Reversal — Adverbsf  etc.  > 

Head  over  heels. 
Heels  over  head. 
Hirdie-girdie.     Topsy-turvy. 
Inversely,  etc.     In  an  inverse  order  or  manner.     See  Adjectives. 


REVERSE. 


906 


REVOLUTION— EVOLUTION. 


re-verse'.  Opposite  side  or  order;  misfortune;  to  annul. 
Anteriority-Posteriority,  Commission- Abroga- 
tion, Entertainment  Weariness,  Laterality- 
Contraposition,  Reversal,  Sameness-Contrast, 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

re-verse'-less.    Not  reversible.    Mutability-Stability. 

re-vers'-i-ble .  Capable  of  being  reversed.  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation. 

re-ver'-sion.  A  going  back.  Alienation,  Antece- 
dence-Sequence, Conversion-Reversion,  Hold- 
ing-Exemption, Property,  Reversal,  Taking- 
Restitution.  . 

re-ver'-sion-er.  One  entitled  to  an  estate  in  reversion. 
Holder. 

re-ver'-sis.  Agameofcards.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

re-vert'.  To  turn  back;  repeat.  Advance-Retro- 
gression, Conversion-Reversion,  Recurrence, 
Taking-Restitution  ;  revert  to,  Heed-Disregard. 

re-vest'.    To  clothe  again.    Taking-Restitution. 

re-vic'-tion.     Revival.     Renovation-Relapse. 

re-view'.  To  reconsider;  to  examine;  discussion.  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration, Decision-Misjudgment, 
Essay,  Heed-Disregard,  Investigation-Answer, 
Pomp,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

re-view'-er.  One  who  reviews.  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment. 

re-vile'.  To  vilify.  Approval-Disapproval,  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness 

re-vi'-ler.     One  who  reviles.     Flatterer-Defamer. 

re-vi'-sal.     A  revision.     Heed-Disregard. 

re-vise'.  To  review  or  correct.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Copy-Model,  Design,  Heed-Disregard, 
Writing-Printing. 

re-vi'-sing  bar'-ris-ter.  A  kind  of  English  judge. 
Judge. 

re-vi'-sion.  Act  of  revising.  Embellishment-Disfig- 
urement, Heed-Disregard;  under  revision,  Prep- 
aration NONPREPARATION. 

re-vis'-it.    To  visit  again.    Presence-Absence. 

re-vi'-val.  Renewal;  religious  awakening.  Devotion- 
Idolatry,  Renewal,  Renovation-Relapse.Weari- 
ness-Refreshment. 

re-vi'-val-ist.    One  who  helps  in  revivals.    Church. 

re-vive'.  To  reanimate;  to  restore.  Excitation, 
Life-Death,  Renewal,  Renovation-Relapse, 
Strength- Weakness. 

re-viv'-i-fy.  To  restore  life  to.  Renewal,  Renova- 
tion-Relapse. 

rev"-i-vis'-cence.  A  renewing  of  life.  Renovation- 
Relapse. 

rev'-o-ca-ble .  Capable  of  being  revoked.  Determi- 
nation-Vacillation. 

rev"-o-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  revoking.  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy, Commission-Abrogation,  Proffer-Refusal. 

rev'-o-ca-to"-ry.     Recalling.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

revoir,  au  [F.]  (o  re-vwar7).  Adieu.  Arrival-Depart- 
ure. 


re-voke'.  To  disavow;  to  rescind.  Assertion-Denial, 
Bigotry-Apostasy,  Commission-Abrogation. 

re-voke'-ment.  Revocation.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Commission-Abrogation. 

re-volt'.  To  shock;  rebel.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Insubordination-Obedience,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Reprisal-Resistance;  revolt  against, 
Love-Hate  ;  revolt  at  the  idea,  Assent-Dissen  r 

re-volt'-ing.  Repugnant.  Pleasurableness  Pain- 
fulness,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

rev"-o-lu'-tion.  Rotation;  change.  Creation-De- 
struction,  Mutation-Permanence,  Periodicity- 
Irregularity,  Revolution,  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion. 

REVOLUTION. 

Bouleversement  [F.].     An  overturning. 

Break-up.     A  scattering  of  parts. 

Cataclysm.     A  sudden  and  overwhelming  change. 

Clean  sweep.     An  entire  change. 

Convulsion.     A  violent  disturbance  of  existing  order. 

Counter-revolution.  A  movement  working  against  another  move- 
ment. 

CoupaVitat  [F.].     A  violent  measure  in  state  affairs. 

Destruction.  A  bringing  to  naught;  devastation.  See  Creation- 
Destruction. 

Earthquake.     A  sudden  undulation  of  a  part  of  the  earth's  surface. 

Explosion.     A  sudden  breaking  apart  or  shattering. 

Jerk.     A  sudden  arrest  of  motion. 

Jump.     A  sudden  change  of  position. 

Leap.     A  sudden  change. 

Legerdemain.  A  deceptive  performance.  See  Truthpulness- 
Fraud. 

Organic  change.     A  complete  change. 

Plunge.     A  sudden  leap. 

Radical  change.     A  movement  causing  great  changes. 

Revolution.  A  radical  and  usually  sudden  change,  as  in  govern- 
mental or  social  conditions. 

Revulsion.     A  strong  or  sudden  change,  as  of  feelings. 

Spasm.     A  sudden  action  or  effort. 

Start.     A  sudden  movement. 

Storm.     A  great  change  of  the  existing  order  of  things. 

Subversion.     Overthrow;  ruin. 

Sudden  change .     A  change  occurring  without  warning. 

Sweeping  change.     A  movement  that  changes  everything. 

Throe.     A  violent  effort. 

Transilience.     A  leap  across  from  one  thing  to  another. 

Revolution —  Verbs. 

Break  with  the  past.     To  change  one's  course  of  life. 

Change  the  face  of.     To  make  different. 

New-model.     To  remodel. 

Recast.     To  fashion  anew  by  changing  form,  style,  or  arrangement. 

Remodel.     To  put  into  new  shape. 

Revolutionize.    To  effect  a  radical  or  entire  change  in  the  character, 

government,  or  affairs  of. 
Strike  out  something  new.     To  work  out  or  devise  promptly  a  new 

scheme. 
TJnsex.     To  rob  of  qualities  or  traits  distinctively  belonging  to  a  sex. 

Revolution — Adjective. 
Unrecognizable.     Incapable  of  being  recognized. 


REVOLUTION— EVOLUTION. 


Circination.     A  spherical  motion. 

Circulation.     The  act  of  moving  in  a  circle  or  in  a  course  which 

brings  the  moving  body  to  the  place  where  its  motion  began. 
Circumgyration.     The  act  of  turning,  rolling,  or  whirling  round. 
Circumrotation.      The  act  of  rolling  or  revolving  round  as  a  wheel. 
Circumvolution.     The  act  of  winding. 
Convolution.     The  act  of  rolling  anything  upon  itself. 
Gyration.     The  act  of  turning  or  whirling,  as  round  a  fixed  center. 
Pirouette  [F.]      A  whirling  or  turning  on  the  toes  in  dancing. 
Revolution.     The  act  of  revolving  or  turning  round  on  an  axis  or  a 

center. 
Rotation.     The  act  of  rotating  or  turning,  as  a  wheel  or  a  solid  body 

■m  its  axis. 
Turbination.     The  act  of  spinning  or  whirling  as  a  top. 
Verticity.     The  quality  of  turning. 
Volutation.     A  rolling  of  a  body. 


Development.  Gradual  advancement  or  growth  through  a  series  or 
progressive  changes. 

Eversion.  The  state  of  being  turned  back  or  outward.  See  Re- 
versal. 

Evolution.  The  act  of  unfolding  or  unrolling;  hence,  in  the  prog 
ress  of  growth  development. 

Unfolding.     The  act  of  bringing  out  by  successive  development. 

Evolution — Verbs. 

Develop.     To  unfold  gradually,  hence,  to  bring  through  a  succes 

sion  of  states  or  stages ,  each  of  which  is  preparatory  to  the  next. 
Disentangle.     To  free  from  entanglement. 
Evolve.     To  unfold  or  unroll. 
Uncoil.     To  unwind  or  open. 
Unfold.     To  open  the  folds  of. 
Unfurl.     To  unfold ;  to  expand. 


REVOLUTION 


907 


RHETORIC. 


REVOLUTION— EVOLUTION— Continued. 


Revolution — Denotations. 
Charybdis.     A  dangerous  whirlpool  off  the  coast  of  Sicily. 
Cyclone.     An    atmospheric    disturbance    accompanied    by    spiral 

winds. 
Dizzy  round.     Continued  movement  in  a  circle. 
Eddy.     A  backward -circling  current  of  water. 
Gurge.     A  whirlpool. 
Ixion.     The    king  of  the  Lapithae.  bound   in  hell  to  an  endlessly 

revolving  wheel. 
Maelstrom.     A  noted  whirlpool  off  the  coast  of  Norway. 
Roll.     That  which  is  rolled  up. 

Surge.     A  large  swelling  wave  that  seems  to  roll  back  upon  itself. 
Tornado.     A  whirling  wind-storm. 
Trochilics.     The  science  of  rotary  motion. 
Vertigo.     Dizziness. 

Vortex      A  mass  of  whirling  or  rotating  fluid. 
Whir.     A  sound  produced  by  a  rapidly  rotating  instrument. 
Whirl.     A  swift  rotating  motion. 
Whirlpool.     An  eddy  where  water  moves  with  a  gyrating  sweep. 

Revolution — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Arbor,     A  framework  supporting  vines,  etc. 
Axis.     A  line  on  which  something  rotates. 
Axle.     A  cross-bar  on  which  a  wheel  rotates. 
Bobbin.     A  small  spool  on  which  thread  is  wound. 
Caster.     A  small  roller  or  wheel  on  which  an  article  of  furniture 

moves. 
Fly-wheel.     A  heavy  wheel  which  by  its  revolution  gives  a  uniform 

motion  to  machinery. 
Gimbals,     A  contrivance   for  allowing  a   suspended   object  to  tip 

freely. 
Hinge,     A  connection  between  two  parts  so  that  one  part  will  turn 

upon  the  other. 
Jack      A  device  for  turning  or  revolving  objects. 
Mandrel.     A  shaft  or  spindle  on  which  an  object  may  be  fixed  for 

rotation. 
Pin.     A  bar  of  wood  or  metal  used  as  an  axis. 
Pivot,     A  short  shaft  on  which  something  rotates. 
Pole.     The  end  of  an  axis :  an  axis. 
Roller.     That  upon  which  something  rolls. 
Rolling  stone.     A  stone  in  a  revolving  motion. 
Screw.     A  cylindrical  piece  of  metal  for  holding  things  together. 
Spindle,     A  short  slender  rod  on  which  thread,  etc.,  is  wound. 
Swivel.      A  coupling  device  that  permits  either  half  to  rotate  inde 

pendently  of  the  other. 
Teetotum.     A  four-sided  top. 
Top.     A  rotating  toy. 

Wheel,     A  circular  framework  turning  on  an  axis. 
Whirligig.     Any  toy  that  revolves  on  an  axis. 
Wind-mill.     A  machine  turned  by  the  wind. 

Revolution — Verbs. 

Bowl.     To  roll  alon*. 

Box  the  compass.    The  name  the  thirty-two  points  of  the  compass  in 
their  order. 


EVOLUTION— Verbs— Continued. 

Unravel.     To  disentangle. 
Unroll.     To  open,  as  what  is  rolled. 
Untwine.     To  untwist ;  to  disentangle. 
Untwist.     To  separate  and  open. 
Unwind.     To  wind  off;  to  untwist. 

Evolution — Adjectives. 
Evolving  I  Rolline°ff-     S**  Vtrbs< 


REVOLUTION— Verbs— Continued. 

Circulate.      To  move  in  a  circle;  to  move  round  and  return  tc  tho 

same  point. 
Circumvolve.     To  roll  round;  to  revolve. 
Furl,     To  wrap  or  roll  closely  as  a  sail. 
Gyrate.     To  revolve  round  a  central  point. 
Gyre.     To  turn  round,  to  gyrate. 
Revolve.     To  turn  or  roll  round  on. 
Roll.     To  cause  to  revolve  by  turning  over  and  over;  to  wrap  round 

on  itselt 
Roll  along.     To  revolve  on  an  axis. 
Roll  up.     To  roll  on  an  axis. 
Rotate.    To  turn  round  on  an  axis. 
Spin.     To  cause  to  turn  round  rapidly;  to  whirl. 

Spin  like  a  teetotum.)  ™       ..  ^rt  . 

_*\     ...  (  lo  spin  on  an  axis. 

Spin  like  a  top.  ) 

Troll.     To  roll  round. 

Trundle.     To  roll  along 

Turn.     To  move  round. 

Turn  round.     To  turn  on  an  axis. 

Twirl.     To  move  or  turn  round  rapidly. 

Wallow.     To  roll  oneself  about  as  in  mire. 

Welter.     To  roll;  to  tumble  about,  as  in  blood. 

Wheel.     To  turn  round  on  an  axis. 

Whirl.     To  turn  round  rapidly. 

Revolution — Adjectives. 

Circumrotatory.     Turning,  rolling,  or  whirling  round. 

Gyratory.     Revolving;  whirling  around. 

Rotary.    "| 

Rotating.  /-Turning  round,  as  a  wheel  on  its  axis.      See  Verbs. 

Rotatory. ) 

Trochilic .     Having  power  to  draw  out  or  turn  round. 

Vertiginous.     Turning  round ;  rotary. 

Vortical.     Of  or  pertaining  to  a  vortex  or  vortices  in  form  or  motion; 

whirling. 
Vorticose,     Vortical;  whirling. 

Revolution — Adverbs  etc. 
Head  over  heels.     After  a  tumbling  and  overturned  manner. 
Like  a  horse  in  a  mill.     Turning  in  a  circle. 
Round  and  round.     Repeatedly  turned  round. 


rev"-o-lu'-tion-ize.  To  change  completely.  Revolu- 
tion. 

re-volve'.  To  rotate.  Periodicity-Irregularity, 
Revolution  Evolution;  revolve  in  the  mind,  Re- 
flection-Vacancy. 

re-volv'-er.     Small  gun.     Weapon. 

re-vul'-sion.  Sudden  change;  recoil.  Conversion- 
Reversion,  Impetus-Reaction,  Reversal,  Revo- 
lution. 

re-ward'.  Recompense.  Recompense  -  Punition, 
Title. 

re-word'.   To  say  again.    Recurrence. 

rex  vivat  [L.]  (rex  vai'-vat).  Long  live  the  king.  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval. 

rey'-nard.  The  fox.  Craft-Artlessness,  Fauna- 
Flora. 

rez  de  chaussee  [F .]  (red"-sho"-se').  The  ground  floor. 
Contents-Receiver,  Height-Lowness. 

rhab-dol'-o-gy.    Method  of  calculation.     Numbering. 

Rhad"-a-man'-thus.  Judge;  son  of  Zeus.  Heaven- 
Hell,  Judge. 

rhap-sod'-i-cal.  Disconnected.  Periodicity-Irregu- 
larity. 


rhap'-so-dist.     Versifier.     Fancy,  Saneness-Maniac. 

rhap'-so-dy.  Senseless  talk;  irregular  musical  compo- 
sition. Adage-Nonsense,  Continuity-Interrup- 
tion, Fancy. 

rhe'-o-tome.  An  instrument  which  interrupts  an  elec- 
trical current.    Electricity. 

rhet'-o-ric.  The  art  of  discourse.  Nature-Art,  Rhet^ 
oric,  Speech-Inarticulateness;  flowers  of  rheto- 
ric, Simplicity-Floridness. 

RHETORIC. 

Composition.     Act  of  composing,  of  putting  together  into  literary 

form,  that  which  is  composed. 
Description.     A  portrayal  in  language. 
Discourse.     A  formal  communication  of  thought. 
Disquisition.     A  systematic  discourse  or  treatment  of  any  subject. 
Dissertation.     A  presentation  of  a  subject  in  argumentative  form. 
Essay.     A  brief  composition  on  a  given  subject. 
Fine  writing.     Composition  showy  in  appearance  or  high-flown  in 

style. 
Rhetoric.     Science  and  art  of  effective  discourse. 
Rhetoric — Associated  Nouns. 
Accent.     A  greater  force  of  voice  placed  upon  a  syllable  or  phrase  oi 

wcrd. 


RHETORIC. 


908 


RHETORICAL. 


Allegory.  A  figure  of  speech  in  which  something  is  described  by 
means  of  something  resembling  it. 

Amplification.     The  act  of  making  clearer. 

Anacoluthon.      Want  of  grammatical  sequence  in  a  sentence. 

Analogy.     Conformity  of  words  to  the  rules  of  a  language. 

Anapest.  A  metrical  foot  consisting  of  two  short  and  one  long  syl- 
lable. 

Antistrophe.     The  repetition  of  words  in  an  inverse  order. 

Antithesis,     A  contrast  of  words  or  sentiments. 

Apheresis.  A  dropping  of  a  letter  or  syllable  from  the  beginning  of 
a  word. 

Apocope.     A  cutting  off  of  the  last  letter  or  syllable  from  a  word. 

Aposiopesis.  A  figure  of  speech  in  which  a  speaker  breaks  off  sud- 
denly, as  if  unwilling  or  unable  to  state  what  was  in  his  mind. 

Apostrophe.  A  figure  of  speech  in  which  the  absent  is  addressed  as 
though  present. 

Balanced  sentence.  A  sentence  having  corresponding  parts  or  senti- 
ments. 

Bombast.      High-sounding  words. 

Climax.  A  figure  in  which  the  parts  of  a  discourse  are  so  arranged 
that  each  succeeding  rises  above  the  preceding  in  impressiveness. 

Common  meter.  Four  iambic  verses  making  a  stanza  the  first  and 
third  each  having  four  feet,  the  second  and  fourth,  three. 

Dactyl.  A  metrical  foot  of  one  long  and  two  short  syllables,  or  one 
accented  followed  by  two  unaccented ;  a  finger,  one  long  part  fol- 
lowed by  two  short. 

Dialect.     The  form  of  speech  of  a  limited  region  or  people. 

Dieresis.     The  separation  of  one  syllable  into  two. 

Dimeter.     A  verse  of  two  meters. 

Doubt.     A  question. 

Elegance.     Beauty  of  expression,  etc. 

Ellipsis.     The  omission  of  one  or  more  words. 

Emphasis.     A  stress  of  utterance  placed  upon  words. 

Encomium.     A  speech  of  praise. 

Epenthesis.     The  insertion  of  a  letter  or  sound  in  the  body  of  a  word. 

Eulogy.     A  speech  in  commendation  of  a  person. 

Euphemism.     A  figure  in  which  a  harsh  or  indelicate  word  is  softened. 

Euphuism.     An  affectation  of  elegance  of  language. 

Fable.  A  figure  of  speech  describing  one  thing  under  the  name  of 
another. 

Figure.  A  mode  of  expressing  ideas  by  words  which  suggest  images 
or  pictures. 

Foot.  A  combination  of  syllables  constituting  a  metrical  element  in 
a  verse. 

Force.     Vigor  of  expression. 

Hexameter.  A  verse  of  six  feet,  the  first  four  of  which  may  be  either 
dactyls  or  spondees,  the  fifth  a  dactyl,  and  the  sixth  a  spondee. 

Humor.     That  quality  of  speech  or  thought  which  produces  laughter. 

Hypallage.  A  figure  consisting  of  a  transference  of  attributes  from 
their  proper  subjects  to  others. 

Hyperbaton.  A  figure  in  which  the  natural  order  of  words  is 
inverted 

Hyperbola.  A  figure  in  which  the  expression  is  an  evident  exaggera- 
tion of  the  meaning  intended. 

Hysteron-proteron.  A  figure  in  which  the  natural  order  of  the  sense 
is  reversed;  the  cart  before  the  horse. 

Iambic.  A  metrical  foot  of  one  short  and  one  long  syllable,  or  one 
unaccented  followed  by  an  accented. 

Illustration.     A  comparison  or  example  intended  to  make  clear. 

Image.     Anything  represented  to  the  mind  by  a  picture. 

Interrogation.     The  act  of  questioning. 

Inversion.     A  change  of  the  usual  order  of  words  or  phrases. 

Irony.     Humor,  ridicule,  or  sarcasm. 

Long  meter.     Iambic  verses  or  lines  of  four  feet  each. 

Loose  sentence.     A  sentence  whose  parts  are  disconnected. 

Metaphor.     A  compressed  simile. 

Metaphorical  expression.  An  expression  transferring  the  relation 
between  one  set  of  objects  to  another  set. 

Meter.  Rhythmical  arrangement  of  syllables  or  words  into  verses, 
stanzas,  etc. 

Metonymy.  A  figure  in  which  one  word  Is  put  for  another  that  sug- 
gests it. 

Monometer.     A  rhythmical  series  consisting  of  a  single  meter. 

Narration.     A  part  of  a  discourse. 

Oration.     An  elaborate  discourse. 

Ornament.     That  which  embellishes  or  adorns. 

Panegyric.     A  formal  or  elaborate  oration  in  honor  of  a  dead  person. 

Paragoge.     The  addition  of  a  letter  or  syllable  at  the  end  of  a  word. 

Paragraph.     A  distinct  part  of  a  discourse  or  writing. 

Paronomasia.     A  pun. 

Pentameter.     A  verse  of  five  feet. 

Periodic  sentence.     A  well-proportioned,  harmonious  sentence. 

Personification.  A  figure  of  speech  in  which  an  inanimate  object  is 
represented  as  animate. 

Perspicuity.     Clearness  of  expression. 


Phrase.     A  short  pithy  expression. 

Phraseology.     A  mode  or  form  of  speech. 

Pictorial  language.     Figurative  language. 

Pleonasm.     Unnecessary  use  of  words. 

Poetry.     Rhythmical  language. 

Prose.     Writing  without  metrical  structure. 

Prosopopeia.     A  figure  in  which  the  speaker  personates  another. 

Prosthesis.     The  addition  of  a  letter  or  letters  to  a  word. 

Provincialism.     An  offense  against  purity  of  language. 

Pun.     The  witty  use  of  a  word  in  two  senses. 

Repetition.  A  form  of  figurative  energy  that  permits  the  repeating' 
of  words,  otherwise  not  permitted. 

Rhythm.  Movement  in  musical  time,  with  periodical  recurrence  o 
accent. 

Rime.  Correspondence  of  sound  in  the  terminating  words  or  syl- 
lables of  two  or  more  verses. 

Sarcasm.     An  ironical  expression. 

Sentence.     A  related  group  of  words  expressing  a  thought. 

Sententiousness.     Quality  of  being  witty. 

Short  meter.     A  stanza  usually  consisting  of  four  iambic  lines. 

Simile.     A  word  or  phrase  by  which  one  thing  is  likened  to  another. 

Slang.     The  use  of  expressions  not  approved  by  good  taste. 

Stanza.     A  group  of  rimed  lines. 

Strength.     Vigor  or  force  of  style. 

Style.     The  proper  expression  of  thought  in  language. 

Symbol.     A  sign  or  representation  of  an  idea. 

Synalpha.  A  contraction  of  sy  lables  by  suppressing  a  vowel  of 
diphthong  at  the  end  of  a  word. 

Synaphea.  A  connection  between  one  colon  and  another  of  a  met- 
rical period. 

Syncope.     The  elision  of  a  syllable  from  the  middle  of  a  word. 

Syncrisis.     A  comparison  of  opposite  persons  or  things. 

Synecdoche.  A  kind  of  metonymy  in  which  a  part  is  put  for  the 
whole  or  a  whole  for  a  part. 

Synonym.     A  word  having  the  same  meaning  as  another. 

Systole.     The  shortening  of  a  syllable  that  is  naturally  long. 

Taste.     A  correct  choice  of  words. 

Tautology.     Unnecessary  repetition. 

Tetrameter.     A  verse  of  four  meters. 

Thesis.     An  essay  on  a  particular  subject. 

Treatise.     A  composition  written  on  a  definite  theme. 

Trimeter.     A  verse  of  three  meters. 

Trochee.  A  metrical  foot  of  one  long  or  accented  followed  by  one- 
short  or  unaccented  syllable. 

Trope.     The  use  of  a  word  or  expression  in  a  changed  sense. 

Unity.  The  principle  of  composition  according  to  which  one  idea 
controls  the  whole. 

Verbosity.     Unnecessary  use  of  words. 

Verse.      A  line  consisting  of  a  certain  number  of  metrical  feet. 

Vigor.     Force  of  style. 

Vision.     The  representation  of  absent  things  as  present. 

Wit.  The  perception  and  expression  of  unexpected  and  amusing 
relations. 

Zeugma.  A  figure  by  which  an  adjective  or  verb,  which  agrees  with 
a  nearer  word,  is  referred  to  another  more  remote. 

Rhetor  re — Adjectives. 
Allegorical.     Describing  by  resemblances. 
Anapestic.     Composed  of  anapests. 
Dactylic.     Pertaining  to  a  foot  consisting  of  a  long  followed  by  two 

short  syllables. 
Descriptive.     Affording  description. 

Dialectic.     Relating  to  a  given  and  provincial  mode  of  speech. 
Elliptical.     Shortened. 

Humorous.     Suited  to  excite  laughter  or  amusement. 
Hyperbolic.     Pertaining  to  rhetorical  exaggeration;  exaggerating. 
Iambic.     Of  a  foot  having  a  short  followed  by  a  long  syllable. 
Interrogative.     Denoting  inquiry. 
Ironical.     Covertly  sarcastic. 
Metaphorical.     Figurative. 
Narrative.     Given  to  narration. 
Ornamental.     Serving  to  adorn. 
Prosaic.      Pertaining  to  prose ;  dul , 
Rhythmical.     Pertaining  to  rhythm. 

Sarcastic.     Relating  to  taunting  and  contemptuous  language. 
Symbolic.     Pertaining  to  something  that  serves  to  represent  anothet 

thing. 
Synonymous.     Being  similar  or  equivalent  in  meaning  or  force. 
Tautologic.     Pleonastic;  redundant. 
Trochaic.       Relating  to  a  foot  consisting  of  a  long  followed  by  a 

short  syllable  or  an  accented  followed  by  an  unaccented. 
Witty.     Good  at  repartee ;  having  humor. 

rhe-tor'-ic-al.        Declamatory.  Simplicity-Fi.orid- 

ness,  Speech-Inarticulateness. 


RHETORICIAN. 


90'J 


RIGHT. 


rhet"-o-ri'-cian.  A  master  of  rhetoric.  Speech-Inar- 
ticulateness. 

rheum.  Discharge  from  the  mouth  or  nose.  Liquid- 
Gas,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Water-Air. 

rhi'-no.     Money.     Money. 

rhi-noc'-e-ros  hide.  Insensibility.  Sensitiveness-Apa- 
thy, Sensuality-Suffering. 

rhomb.     Mathematical  figure     Angularity. 

rhom'-bic.  In  the  form  of  a  rhomboid.  Rhombic  dode- 
cahedron, Mineralogy. 

rhom"-bo-he'-dral.  Consisting  of  rhombohedrons. 

Mineralogy. 

rhom'-boid.    A  mathematical  figure.     Angularity.  _ 

rhom-boi'-dal.  Having  the  character  of  a  rhomboid. 
Angularity. 

rhom'-bus.     Rhomb.     Angularity. 

rhumb.     Geographic  line.     Aim-Aberration. 

rhyme.  Rhythmical  repetition  of  sound.  Likeness- 
Unlikeness,  Melody-Dissonance,  Poetry-Prose. 

rhyme'-less.     Without  rhyme.     Poetry-Prose. 

rhy'-mer.     A  maker  of  rhymes.     Poetry-Prose 

rhyme'-ster.  A  maker  of  poor  rhymes.  Poetry- 
Prose. 

rhym'-ing.    Making  rhymes.    Poetry-Prose. 

rhym'-ist.     A  rhymer.     Poetry-Prose. 

rhythm.  Orderly  succession  of  beats  of  sound.  Melody- 
Dissonance,  Periodicity-Irregularity,  Poetry- 
Prose,  Recurrence,  Rhetoric. 

rhyth'-mi-cal.  Having  rhythm.  Melody-Dissonance, 
Periodicity  -  Irregularity,  Purity  -  Crudeness, 
Rhetoric. 

rib.  Bone;  ridge;  wife.  Convexity -Concavity, 
Matrimony-Celibacy,  Suspension-Support. 

rib'-ald.  Vulgar.  Purity-Impurity,  Reputation- 
Discredit,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

rib'-ald-ry.  Coarse  language.  Purity  -  Impurity, 
Taste- Vulgarity. 

rib'-and.     Ribbon.     Lamina-Fiber. 

ribbed.     Ridged.     Groove. 

rib'-bon.  Strip  of  cloth.  Connective,  Lamina-Fiber, 
Title. 

rib'-roast".    Beating.    Recompense-Punition. 

rich.  Wealthy;  elegant;  tasteful;  copious.  Afflu- 
ence-Penury, Beauty-Ugliness,  Color-Achro- 
matism, Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Enough, 
Palatableness  -  Unpalatableness,  Simplicity- 
Floridness  ;  rich  man,  Affluence-Penury. 

rich'-es.     Wealth.     Affluence-Wealth. 

richesses,  embarras  de  [F.]  (ri-shes',  an-ba-ra'  de).  The 
plague  of  riches.  Affluence-Wealth,  Excess- 
Lack. 

rich'-ly.  In  a  rich  manner.  Magnitude-Smallness; 
richly  deserve,  Dueness-Undueness. 

rlch'-ness.  The  state  of  being  rich.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement,  Terseness-Prolixity. 

rick.    Stack.    Gathering-Scattering,  Store. 

rick'-ets.  A  disease  of  early  childhood.  Health-Sick- 
ness. 

Tick'-et-y.  Tottering.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Strength- 
Weakness. 

ric"-o-chet' .     Bounding.     Impetus-Reaction. 

ricordo,  non  mi  [It.]  (ri-cor'-do,  non  mi).  I  do  not  re- 
member.    Remembrance-Forgetpulness. 

rid.  To  free.  Rescue;  get  rid  of,  Admission-Ex- 
pulsion, Gain-Loss,  Keeping-Relinquishment, 
Release-Restraint,  Rescue. 

riddance.  Deliverance.  Gain-Loss,  Keeping-Re- 
linquishment, Rescue. 

rid'-dle.  To  perforate;  to  sift;  puzzle.  Aperture- 
Closure,  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Clearness-Ob^ 
scurity,  Organization-Disorganization,  Tidings- 
Mystery. 

rid'-dled.     Perforated.     Aperture-Closure. 

ride.     To  travel;    to  be  borne  on  something.    Height- 


Lowness,  Traveling-Navigation;  ride  and  tie, 
Periodicity-Irregularity,  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion; ride  at  anchor,  Movement-Rest;  ride  full  tilt 
at,  Attack-Defense,  Quest-Evasion;  ride  hard, 
Swiftness-Slowness;  ride  one's  hobby,  Quest- 
Evasion;  ride  out  the  storm,  Security-Insecurity; 
ride  roughshod,  Harshness-Mildness,  Law-Law- 
lessness, Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness; ride  the  whirlwind,  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation. 

rideau,  lever  de  [F.]  (ri-do',  le-ve'  de).  To  raise  the  cur 
tain.     Acting. 

ridentem  dicere  verum  [L.]  (ri-den'-tem  dis'-er-i  vi'-rum) 
To  speak  the  truth  in  a  joking  manner.  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

ri'-der.  One  who  rides;  addition.  Increment-Rem- 
nant, Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

rideret  Heraclilus  [L.]  (rai-di'-ret  her-a-clai'-tus).  Hera- 
clitus  would  laugh.     Society-Ludicrousness. 

ridge.  Elevation.  Breadth-Narrowness,  Convex- 
ity-Concavity, Height-Lowness. 

rid'-i-cule.  Derision.  Respect-Disrespect,  Society- 
Derision,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

ri-dic'-u-lous.  Laughable.  Adage-Nonsense,  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Sagacity-Incapacity, 
Society-Ludicrousness. 

ri-dic'-u-lous-ness.  Laughableness.  Society-Ludi- 
crousness. 

ri'-ding.  Traveling;  road.  Extension-District, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

ri-dot'-to.  Entertainment.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Sociability-Privacy. 

rijacimento  [It.]  (ri-fa"-chl-men'-to) .  A  remaking. 
Recurrence,  Renovation-Relapse. 

rife.  Current.  Dominance-Impotence,  Tidings- 
Mystery,  Universality- Particularity. 

riff'-raff".  Rubbish;  rabble.  Cleanness-Filthinlss, 
Gentility-Commonalty,  Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

ri'-fle.   Gun ;  to  pillage.   Theft,  Weapon. 

ri'-fled  can'-non.  Cannon  having  spiral  grooves  in  the 
bore.     Weapon. 

ri'-fle-man.  One  who  uses  a  rifle.  Belligerent, 
Push-Pull. 

ri'-fler.     Robber.     Robber. 

ri'-fles.     Soldiers  armed  with  rifles.     Belligerent. 

ri'-fle-shoof'-ing.  Marksmanship.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

rift.     Split.     Interspace-Contact,  Union-Disunion. 

rig.  Clothing;  joke;  strumpet;  to  fit  out.  Dress- 
Undress,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation,  Purity-Rake;  rig  the  mar- 
ket, Exchange;  run  the  rig  upon,  Regard-Disre- 
spect. 

rig"-a-doon'.     Dance.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

rig'-ging.  Tackle;  dress.  Connective,  Dress-Un- 
dress, Instrument;  running  rigging,  Connective; 
standing  rigging,  Connective. 

rig'-gish.     Lewd.     Purity-Impurity. 

right.  Not  left;  straight;  correct;  proper;  privilege. 
Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Dueness-Undueness, 
Duty-Dereliction,  Property,  Right-Left,  Right- 
Wrong,  Rule-License,  Truth-Error,  Upright- 
ness-Dishonesty, Virtue-Vice;  bill  of  right,  Liti- 
gation; by  right,  Dueness-Undueness;  have  a 
right  to,  Dueness-Undueness;  hit  the  right  nail  on 
the  head,  Discovery,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  in 
one's  right  mind,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Saneness- 
Lunacy;  in  the  right  place,  Propriety-Impro- 
priety; keep  the  right  path,  Virtue-Vice;  right 
about,  Advance-Retrogression;  right  ahead,  An- 
teriority-Posteriority: right  and  left,  Environ- 
ment-Interposition, Extension-District,  Later- 
ality-Contraposition;  right  angle,  Angularity, 
Erectness-Flatness;  right  as  a  trevet,  Faultless- 


RIGHT. 


910 


RIGHT— WRONG. 


ness-Faultiness;  right  ascension,  Astronomy, 
Differentiation-Indiscrimination;  right  away, 
Discontinuance-Continuance;  right  hand,  An- 
tagonist-Assistant, Might  -  Impotence,  Right- 
Left;  right  itself,  Renovation-Relapse;  right  line, 
Curvation-Rectilinearity;   right  man  in  the  right 


place,  Harmony-Discord;  right  owner,  Holder; 
right  thing  to  do,  Duty-Dereliction;  right  word  in 
the  right  place,  Purity-Crudeness;  set  right,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Exposure-Hidingplace, 
Renovation-Relapse;  step  in  the  right  direction, 
Usefulness-Uselessness. 


RIGHT— LEFT. 


Dexter.     The  right  side. 

Dextrality.     The  quality  of  being  right-handed. 
Offside.     On  the  right  side  (of  two  side  by  side). 
Right.     The  side  opposed  to  the  left. 
Right  hand.     The  right  side. 

Starboard.       The  right-hand  side  of  a  vessel  as  regarded    by  one 
standing  on  the  deck  facing  the  bow. 

Right — Adjectives 
Ambidextral.     Able  to  use  both  hands  with  equal  skill. 
Dextral.     On  the  right.     See  Nouns. 
Right-handed.     On  the  right  side.     See  Nouns. 


Larboard.     The  left-hand  side  of  a  ship  to  one  facing  the  bow. 
Left.     Opposed  to  right. 


Left  hand.  \ 

!.  / 


The  left  side. 


Near  side. 

Port.     Opening  in  the  side  of  a  ship. 

Sinister.     On  the  side  of  the  left  hand;  bad;  unfortunate. 

Sinistrality.     The  quality  of  being  left-handed. 

Left— Adjectives. 

Left-handed.     Capable  of  using  the  left  hand  better  than  the  right. 
Sinistral.     Toward  the  left. 


RIGHT— WRONG. 


Clear  stage.     A  record  or  course  free  from  wrong-doing. 

Duty.     That  which  one  is  bound  by  moral  obligation  to  do.     See 

Duty. 
Equitableness.     Fairness  and  just  dealing.     See  Adjectives. 
Equity.     Equality  of  rights. 
Even-handed  justice.     Strict  uprightness. 
Fair  field.     Just  dealing  for  all  parties. 
Fitness.     Suitableness.     See  Adjectives. 
Give  and  take.     Dealing  like  for  like. 
Honor.     A  nice  sense  of  what  is  right.     See  Uprightness. 
Impartiality.     Freedom  from  bias 
Justice.     Conformity  to  the  principles  of  righteousness  and  rectitude 

in  all  things. 
Law.     A  rule  of  action  to  enforce  justice.     See  Law. 
Lex  talionis  [L. }.     The  law  of  like  for  like. 
Measure  for  measure. 
Right.     Conformity  to  the  constitution  of  man  and  the  will  of  God, 

or  to  justice  and  equity 
Scales  of  justice.     Figuratively,  the  dealings  of  justice. 
Summum  jus  [L.J      The  extreme  of  justice. 
Suum  cuique  [L.]      To  each  one  his  own. 

Virtue.     Cordial  conformity  of  an  act  to  the  moral  law.     See  Virtue. 
What  ought  to  be.1  -. 
What  should  be.     /  1Juty* 

Right — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Astrsea,     Goddess  of  innocence  and  daughter  of  justice. 
Nemesis.     The  goddess  of  retribution. 
Themis.     The  patroness  of  existing  rights. 

Right — Verbs. 

Audire  alterant  partem  [L.J.     To  hear  the  other  side. 

Be  right.     To  be  according  to  justice      See  Adjectives. 

Deserve.     To  be  worthy  of  recompense.     See  Dueness. 

Do  justice  to.     To  administer  righteous  equity  to. 

Give  and  take.     To  average  gains  and  losses. 

Give  every  one  his  due.     To  do  justice  to  every  one. 

Give  the  devil  bis  due.     To  do  justice  to  one'hated  and  despised. 

Hold  the  scales  even.     To  preserve  justice  impartially 

Put  the  saddle  on  the  right  horse.  To  impute  blame  where  it  is  rightly 
deserved. 

Recompense.  To  give  or  render  a  just  equivalent  to.  See  Recom- 
pense. 

See  fair  play.     To  see  justice  done. 

See  justice  done.     To  see  equity  shown. 

See  one  righted.     To  turn  from  wrong. 

Serve  one  right.     To  befall  one  justly. 

Stand  to  reason.     To  be  rightly  consistent  with  reason. 

Right — A  djectives. 
As  it  ought  to  be.)  „.  . 
As  it  should  be.    J  Klght 
Deserved.     Accordant  with  justice. 
Equable.     Equal  and  uniform  at  all  times. 
Equal.     Just;  equitable. 
Equitable.     Distributing  equal  justice. 
Even-handed.     Impartial;  just. 
Fair.     Equitable;  just. 

Fit.     Conforming  to  a  standard  of  right.     See  Dueness. 
Good.     Worthy*  righteous. 


Favor.     An  act  of  kindness,  as  distinguished  from  one  inspired  by 
justice. 

A  disposition  to  prefer  one  person  over  another. 
Conduct  intended  to  take  another  at  an  unfair  advan- 


Favoritism, 
Foul  play. 

tage. 
Grievance. 
Iniquity. 
Injustice. 
Leaning. 


A  wrong  done  and  suffered. 
Want  of  rectitude,  wrong-doing. 
Violation  of  the  rights  of  another  or  others. 
Departing  from  a  course  of  justice. 
Malum  in  se  [L.  J     Bad  in  itself. 
Nepotism.     Favoritism  to  relatives. 

Partiality.     Inclination  to  favor  one  party  more  than  another. 
Party  spirit.     Zeal  for  party. 

Sham.     Any  trick,  fraud,  or  device  that  deludes  and  disappoints. 
TJndueness.      Impropriety   or   lawlessness.      See    Dueness-Undue- 

ness. 
Unfairness.     The  quality  of  being  unfair.     See  Adjectives. 
Unlawfulness.     Opposition  to  law.     See  Law-Lawlessness. 
Unreasonableness.     The  state  of  being  without  or  beyond  reason. 

What  should^oVbe1!6'}  That  which  is  c°ntraT t0  ri8ht  °r  )ustice- 
Wrong.     Not  according  to  the  laws  of  good  morals,  whether  divine  or 
human. 

Wrong — Figurative  Expressions. 

A  custom  more  honored  in  the  breach  than  in  the  observance.  An  un- 
just custom.     [Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  I.  iv.J 

Robbing  Peter  to  pay  Paul.  To  take  from  one  as  deserving  as  the  per- 
son to  whom  it  is  given.     See  Verbs. 

The  wolf  and  the  lamb. 

Wrong — Verbs. 
Be  inequitable.     To  be  unjust.     See  Adjectives. 
Be  wrong.     Not  to  be  right.     See  Adjectives. 
Do  wrong.     Not  to  do  according  to  justice.     See  Nouns. 
Encroach.     To  enter  gradually  into  the  rights  of  another. 
Favor.     To  show  partiality  for. 

Wrong — Verbal  Expressions. 
Give  an  inch  and  take  an  ell ;  impose  upoh ;  lean  towards ;  reap  when 
one  has  not  sown ;  rob  Peter  to  pay  PauL 

Wrong — Adjectives. 
Bad.     Wanting  good  qualities,  whether  physical  or  moral. 
Doli  capax  [L.  j.     Capable  of  committing  a  wrong. 
Illegal.     Not  according  to  law.      See  Law-Lawlessness. 
Immoral.     Inconsistent  with  rectitude,  purity,  or  good  morals.     See 

Virtue-Vicb. 
Improper.     Not  proper;  unfit. 

Inequitable.     Not  according  to  equitable  principles;  unfair. 
Iniquitous.     Unjust;  wicked. 
In  the  wrong.     Holding  a  wrong  or  unjustifiable  position  as  regard* 

another  person. 
In  the  wrong  box.     In  error. 

Objectionable.     Liable  to  objection  because  of  wrong. 
One-sided.     Pertaining  to,  having,  or  considering  only  one  side. 
Partial.     Favoring  one  party  or  side. 
Too  bad.     Wrong. 
Unallowable.     Not  to  be  allowed. 
Unequal.     Not  equal;  inequitable,  unjust. 


RIGHT. 


911 


RIPE. 


RIGHT— WRONG—  Continued. 


P  iGHT — Adj  ectiv  es — Continued. 

Just.     Impartial;  equitable    righteous. 

Justifiable.     Capable  of  being  justified. 

Lawful.     Conformable  to  law:  rightful.     See  Proffer;  Law. 

Legitimate.     Accordant  with  law,  rightful. 

Reasonable.     Governed  by  right  reason;  just. 

Right.     According  to  the  law  and  wili  of  God  or  conformity  to  the 

standard  of  truth  and  justice. 
Rightful.     Righteous;  just. 

Right — Adverbs,  tic. 

In  equity.     With  equity;  righteously. 

In  justice.     With  justice;  equitably 

In  reason.     With  reason-  impartially. 

Rightly.     According  to  justice.     See  Adjectives. 

Upon  even  terms.     Equally. 

Without  distinction  of  persons.  | 

Without  regard  to  persons.         >  Impartially. 

Without  respect  to  persons.        ) 


All  right! 

A  ban  droit  [F  ] 
Au  bon  droit  [F  J 


Right — -Interjection. 


Right — Phrases. 


With  justice. 
Of  good  right. 


WRONG — Adjectives — Continued. 

Unequitable.  Not  equitable,  fair,  or  just. 
Unfair.  Showing  partiality  or  prejudice. 
Unfit.     Not  fit;  improper,  wanting  suitable  qualifications,  physical 

or  moral. 
Unjust.     Not  acting  or  disposed  to  act  according  to  justice. 
Unjustifiable.     Not  capable  of  being  justified  or  proved  to  be  right. 
Unjustified.     Not  according  to  justice.     See  Duenbss-Undueness. 
Unwarrantable.     Not  justifiable;  unjust,  improper. 
Wrong.     Not  physically  or  morally  right;  not  according  to  moral  ol 

divine  law. 
Wrongful.     Injurious;  unjust. 

Wrong — Adverb. 
Wrongly.     Not  according  to  justice. 


Wrong — Phrase. 


It  will  not  do. 


RIGHT — Phrases — Continued. 


Dieit  (Ufend  le  droit  [F.J.     God  defend  the  right. 

Dieu  et  mon  droit  [F.J.     God  and  my  right. 

Justiiice  soror  incorrupta  Fides    [L \     Uncorrupt  Faith,   sister  of 

Justice. 
Justilia  virtutum  regina  [L.J.     Justice  is  queen  of  the  virtues 


right' -a-bout".  To  the  right-about.  Advance-Retro- 
gression, Aim-Aberration,  Proffer-Refusal;  go 
to  the  right-about,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Circuition, 
Reversal;  send  to  the  right-about,  Admission-Ex- 
pulsion, Choice-Rejection,  Proffer-Refusal: 
turn  to  the  right-about,  Aim-Aberration,  Reversal. 

right'-eous.  Just.  Virtue-Vice;  righteous  over- 
much, Godliness-Ungodliness;  the  righteous, 
Godliness-Ungodliness. 

right'-eous-ness.  Rectitude.  Lord  our  Righteousness, 
Divinity;   Sun  of  Righteousness,  Divinity. 

right'-ful.  Having  right.  Right-Wrong;  rightful 
owner,  Holder. 

right  hand.  Help;  strength.  Antagonist-Assistant, 
Might-Impotence,  Right-Left;  not  let  the  right 
hand  know  what  the  left  is  doing,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy;  right  hand  of  friendship,  Amity-Hostility. 

right'-hand"-ed.  Using  the  right  hand  more  easily 
than  the  left.     Right-Left. 

right'-ly.     With  right.     Be  rightly  reserved,  Recom- 

PENSE-PUNITION. 

right'-mind"-ed.  Just.  Uprightness-Dishonesty, 
Virtue-Vice. 

rights.  Order.  Put  to  rights,  Renovation-Relapse; 
set  to  rights,  Organization-Disorganization;  stand 
on  one's  rights,  Liberty-Subjection. 

rig'-id.  Stiff;  severe.  Conventionality-Unconven- 
tionality,  Hardness-Softness,  Harshness-Mild- 
ness, Truth-Error. 

rig'-ma-role.     Frivolous.     Meaning-Jargon. 

rig'-or.  Strictness;  harshness.  Harshness-Mild- 
ness, Truth-Error. 

+igor  mortis  [L.]  (rai'-gor  mor'-tis).  The  stiffness  of 
death.      Life-Death. 

rig'-or-ous.  Severe.  Harshness-Mildness,  Pardon- 
Vindictiveness,  Truth-Error. 

Rigs'-dag.     Assembly.     Council. 

rile.  To  vex.  Favorite-Anger,  Love-Hate,  Pleas- 
urableness-Pain  fulness. 

rilievo  [It.]  (ri-lyd'-vo).  Relief.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity, Sculpture. 

rill.     Stream.      River-Wind. 

rim.     Edge."     Border. 

rime.  Similarity  of  sounds.  Likeness-Unlikeness. 
Poetry-Prose  ;  without  rime  or  reason,  Adage-Non- 
sense, Bigotry- Whim,  Motive-Caprice,  Rhetoric. 

rime.  Frost;  chink.  Advance-Retrogression,  In- 
terspace-Contact. 


rime'-less.     Lacking  rime.     Poetry-Prose. 

ri'-mer.       A  tool  for  shaping  the  rimes  of  a  ladder. 


Poetry-Prose.        See 


Perforator-Stopper. 

rime'-ster.       Inferior    poet. 
Rhymester. 

rim'-ple.     To  wrinkle.     Plicature. 

rind.     Skin.     Cover-Lining. 

ring.  Amulet;  circle;  arena;  sound;  clique.  Associ- 
ation, Circle-Winding,  Lists,  Loudness-Faint- 
ness,  Resonance-Nonresonance,  Suspension- 
Support;  in  a  ring  fence,  Confinement,  Enclo- 
sure: ring  in  the  ear,  Loudness-Faintness,  Reso- 
nance-Nonresonance; ring  the  changes,  Muta-. 
bility-Stability,  Mutation-Permanence,  Recur- 
rence; ring  the  tocsin,  Alarm  ;  ring  with  the  praises 
of,  Approval-Disapproval;  rub  the  ring,  Devotion- 
Magic. 

ring'-ing.  Giving  forth  a  resonant  sound.  Reso- 
nance-Nonresonance. 

ring'-lead"-er.  Chief.  Insubordination-Obedience, 
Manager. 

ring'-let.  Small  ring.  Circle-Winding,  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

rink.     Floor.     Entertainment-Weariness 

rinse.     To  cleanse.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

rins'-ings.  Liquid  used  in  rinsing.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness. 

ri'-ot.  Tumult.  Insubordination-Obedience,  Or- 
ganization -  Disorganization,  Regularity  -  Ir- 
regularity, Reprisal-Resistance,  Turbulence- 
Calmness,  Tyranny-Anarchy,  Variance-Accord; 
riot  in,  Sensuality-Suffering;  run  riot,  Activity- 
Iniolence,  Excess-Lack,  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility,  Insubordination-Obedience,  Moderation- 
Selfindulgence. 

ri'-ot-er.  One  who  riots.  Insubordination-Obedi- 
ence. 

ri'-ot-ous.  Boisterous.  Insubordination-Obedi- 
ence, Regularity-Irregularity,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

rip.  Depraved  person.  Good  Man-Bad  Man, 
Purity- Rake;  rip  open,  Aperture-Closure;  rip 
up,  Excitation,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness, 
Union-Disunion. 

ri-pa'-ri-an.        Pertaining  to  a  river-bank.        Ocean- 


-pa:-n-a 
Land. 


ripe.         Aged;     matured.     Completion-Noncomplb- 
tion,  Infancy-Age,  Manhood. 


RIPEN. 


1)12 


RIVER— WIND. 


ri'-pen.  To  mature;  to  be  perfected.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Completion  -  Noncompletion, 
Faultlessness  -  Faultiness,  Preparation  -  Non- 
preparation;  ripen  into,  Conversion-Reversion. 

ri-post'.     Repartee.     Investigation-Answer. 

rip'-ple.  To  be  wavy;  to  babble.  Agitation,  Loud- 
ness-Faintness,  River- Wind,  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

rip'-rap".  Broken  stones  for  making  walls.  Suspen- 
sion-Support. 

rire,  pour  [F.]  (rir,  pur).  Laughable.  Society-Ludi- 
crousness. 

rise.  To  ascend;  to  advance;  to  grow;  to  take  up 
arms;  to  begin.  Activity-Indolence,  Advance- 
Retrogression,  Ascent-Descent,  Height-Low- 
ness,  Increase-Decrease,  Insubordination-Obe- 
dience, Parallelism-Inclination;  rise  again,  Ren- 
ovation-Relapse; rise  from,  Cause-Effect;  rise 
in  arms,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Insubordina- 
tion-Obedience; rise  in  price,  Costliness-Cheap- 
ness ;  rise  in  the  world,  Welfare-Misfortune  ;  rise 
up,  Elevation-Depression. 

ris"-i-bil'-i-ty.  Tendency  to  laughter.  Jubilation- 
Lamentation. 

r«s'-i-ble.  Laughable.  Jubilation-Lamentation, 
Society-Ludicrousness. 

ri'-sing.  Growing.  Rising  generation,  Ascent-De- 
scent, Infancy-Age,  Parallelism-Inclination, 
Parentage -Progeny;  rising  ground,  Height- 
Lowness,  Parallelism-Inclination;    rising  of  the 


curtain.  Appearance-Disappearance,  Beginnino- 
End,  Insubordination-Obedience;  worship  of  the 
rising  sun,  Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

risk.  Venture.  Purpose -Luck,  Security -Insecu- 
rity; at  any  risk,  Determination- Vacillation. 

risum  teneatis,  amici  [L.]  (rai'-sum  te"-ni-e'-tis,  a-mai'- 
sai) .  Can  you,  my  friends,  forbear  laughing.  Society- 
Ludicrousness. 

rit  bien  qui  rit  le  dernier,  il  [F.]  (rit  bi-an#'  ki  rit  le  der- 
nie',  il) .  He  laughs  best  who  laughs  last.  Reckless- 
ness-Caution. 

rite.  Ceremony.  Ceremonial,  Law-Lawlessness; 
funeral  rite,  Life-Funeral. 

ritornello  [It.]  (ri"-tor-nel'-lo) .  Refrain.  Recur- 
rence. 

rit'-u-al.     Ceremony.     Ceremonial,  Pomp. 

rit'-u-al-ism.  The  use  of  ritual.  Ceremonial,  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

rit'-u-al-ist.  One  devoted  to  a  ritual.  Ceremonial, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

rit"-u-al-is'-tic.  Adhering  to  rituals.  Ceremo- 
nial. 

ri'-val.  To  compete  with.  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Antagonist-Assistant,  Belligerent,  Goodness- 
Badness,  Reputation-Discredit,  Strife-Peace. 

ri'-val-ry.  Act  of  rivaling.  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Pardon-Envy,  Strife-Peace. 

rive.     Split.     Union-Disunion. 

riv'-el.     Shrivel.     Plicature. 

riv'-er.     Stream.     River-Wind. 


RIVER— wind. 


Anerithnion  gelasma'  [Gr.].    Innumerable  laughter:  said  of  the  waves 

of  the  sea. 
Beck.     A  small  brook. 

Billow.     A  great  wave  or  surge  of  the  sea  or  other  water. 
Body  of  water.     An  area  of  water,  as  a  lake  or  the  like. 
Bore.      A  high  crested  roaring  wave,  caused  by  the  rushing  of  a  flood 

tide  up  a  river. 
Breakers.     A  wave  breaking  into  foam  against  the  shore. 
Brook.     A  stream  of  water  smaller  than  a  river  or  creek. 
Brooklet.     A  small  brook. 
Burn.      A  small  stream. 
Cascade.     A  fall  of  water  over  a  precipice. 
Cataclysm.     A  sweeping  flood  of  water. 
Catadupe.     A  waterfall,  originally  of  the  Nile. 
Cataract.     A  great  fall  of  water  over  a  precipice. 
Chopping  sea.     Rough,  short,  noisy  waves. 

Confluence.     The  running  together  of  two  or  more  streams  of  water. 
Corrivation.     The  flowing  of  different  streams  into  one. 
Coulee.     A  river  of  lava. 
Course.     The  path  of  a  stream. 

Cross  sea.     A  sea  in  which  the  waves  run  in  contrary  directions. 
Current.     A  body  of  moving  water. 
DibcLcle  [F.l     A  violent  rush  or  flood  of  waters. 
Defiuxion.     A  discharge  of  waters. 
Deluge .     A  great  flood  of  water. 
Downpour.     A  heavy  fall  of  rain. 
Drenching  rain.     A  rain  that  thoroughly  soaks. 
Driving  rain.     A  rain  driven  by  the  wind. 
Drizzle.     Rain  falling  slowly  and  in  very  small  drops. 
Dropping.     Falling  drop  by  drop.     See  Verbs. 
Eager.     A  wave  moving  up  a  river. 

Eddy.     A  current  of  water  moving  in  a  circular  direction. 
Effluence.     A  flowing  out.     See  Entrance-Exit. 
Fall.     A  rush  of  water  down  a  precipice. 
Flood.     A  great  flow  of  water. 
Flow.     A  stream  of  water. 

Flowing.     Moving  along,  as  a  stream.     See  Verbs. 
Flush.     A  sudden  overflow  of  water. 
Flux.     The  setting  in  of  the  tide  toward  the  shore. 

F  U   tain  i  ^^e  source  °^  a  stream  °f  water. 

Fresh.     A  stream  or  spring  of  fresh  water. 

Freshet.     An  overflowing  of  a  stream  caused  by  heavy  rain. 

Full  tide.     The  high  tide. 

Geyser.     A  boiling  spring  which  throws  forth  jets  of  water. 

GilL  ' )  ^  stream  nowin8  i°  a  narrow  valley. 


Afflation.     A  blowing  or  breathing. 

Afflatus  [L.J.     A  breath  or  blast  of  wind. 

Air.     A  gentle  wind. 

Aura.     A  subtle  emanation  from  a  substance. 

Bise  [F.J     A  cold  northerly  wind  prevalent  in  Switzerland  and  part* 

of  France. 
Blast.     A  violent  gust  of  wind. 
Blirt.     A  gust  of  wind  and  rain. 
Blizzard.     A  furious  blast  of  wind  and  snow. 

Blowing.}  A  heavy  gale. 

Boreas.     The  north  wind. 

Breath.     A  light  breeze. 

Breath  of  air.     A  gentle  wind. 

Breeze.     A  light,  gentle  wind. 

Capful  of  wind.     A  light  puff  of  wind. 

Catching  of  the  breath.     A  drawing  of  air  into  the  lungs. 

Cave  of  Eolus.     The  home  of  the  god  of  the  winds. 

Current.     A  body  of  air  moving  in  a  certain  direction. 

Cyclone.     A  violent  wind-storm,  with  spiral  inward  currents. 

Dirty  sky.     A  cloudy  sky  indicative  of  high  winds. 

Dirty  weather.     Weather  of  high  winds  blowing  the  dust. 

Draft.     A  current  of  wind. 

Drift.     A  violent  movement  of  air. 

Efflation.     That  which  is  blown  forth. 

Eluvium.     A  wind-drift. 

Eolus.     The  god  of  winds. 

Fanning.     The  act  of  stirring  up  the  air.     See  Verbs. 

Flatus^  }  A  puff  of  wind. 

Fresh  breeze J 

Gale.     A  strong  current  of  air. 

Gust.     A  sudden  squall. 

Half  a  gale.     A  high  wind. 

Harmattan.     A  dry,  hot  wind  prevalent  on  the  Atlantic   coast  ot 

Africa. 
Hiccough.     A  spasmodic  drawing  in  of  the  breath. 
Hiccup.     Hiccough. 

Hurricane.     A  high  wind-storm  of  the  tropics. 
Inflation.     State  of  being  filled  or  blown  up  with  atr. 
Insufflation.     The  act  of  breathing  upon. 
Keen  blast.     A  piercing  wind. 

Levanter.     A  strong  easterly  wind  prevalent  on  the  Mediterranean. 
Mare's-tail.     A  long  cirrus  tail  indicative  of  rain. 
Mistral.     A  cold  northwest  wind  blowing  in  southern  France. 
Monsoon.     A  wind  blowing  six  months  in  one  direction  and  six 

months  in  another. 


RIVER. 


913 


RIVER— WIND. 


RI V  ER—  WI N  D—  Continued. 


'  The  falling  of  water  from  the  clouds. 


Ground-swell.     A  broad  deep  swell  of  the    «_ean.  caused  by  a  con- 
tinued gale. 
Gullet.     A  channel  for  water. 
Gurge.     A  whirlpool. 

Gush.     A  sudden  flowing  of  water  from  an  enclosed  space. 
Heavy  sea.     A  strong,  violent  sea. 
High  tide.     The  greatest  flow  of  the  tide. 
Huger.     A  wave  moving  up  a  river 
Indraft.     A  flow  of  water  setting  inward. 
Inundation.     An  overflow. 
Jet.     A  sudden  rush  of  water,  as  from  a  pipe. 
Jet  d"eau  [F.J     A  jet  of  water. 

,  .   *    |  A  pool  or  waterfall. 

Long  sea.     A  smooth  sea. 

Maelstrom.     A  celebrated  whirlpool  on  the  coast  of  Norway 

Mizzle.     Fine  rain  or  mist.- 

Niagara.     A  celebrated  American  cataract. 

Overflow.     A  sudden  rising  of  a  stream  over  its  banks. 

Plash.     A  small  pool  of  standing  water. 

Predominance  of  Aquarius.     A  heavy  and  continued  rainfall. 

Profluence.     A  course  of  a  stream. 

Race.     The  current  of  water  that  turns  a  water-wheel. 

Rain. 

Rainfall. 

Rapids.     The  part  of  a  river  where  the  water  moves  with  great  swift- 
ness. 

Reach.     An  extended  portion  of  water. 

Reflux.     The  ebbing  or  flowing  back  of  a  stream. 

Regurgitation.     A  pouring  back  by  the  orifice  of  entrance. 

Reign  of  St.  Swithin.     The  forty  days  after  St.  Swithin's  day,  July  1 5, 
said  by  popular  superstition  to  be  rainy  days  if  it  rains  on  that  date. 

Rill.     A  very  small  brook. 

Rillet.     A  little  rill. 

Ripple.     A  little  wave. 

River.     A  large  stream  of  water  flowing  in  a  channel. 

Rivulet.     A  small  river. 

Rollers.     Long  heavy  waves  that  roll  in  upon  the  coast. 

Rough  sea.     A  stormy  sea. 

Runnel.     A  small  brook. 

Running  water.     A  stream. 

Rush.     A  rapidly  moving  stream. 

Scud.     A  slight,  sudden  shower. 

Serein.     A  mist  or  very  fine  rain. 

Short  sea.     A  sea  with  small  waves. 

Shower.     A  fall  of  rain. 

Sike.     A  stream  that  is  usually  dry  in  summer. 

Sluice.     A  stream  flowing  through  a  flood-gate. 

Splash.     Water  thrown  from  a  puddle. 

Spout.     A  jet  of  water. 

Spring.     A  source  of  a  stream  of  water. 

Spring  tide.     The  high  tide. 

Spurt.     A  sudden  gushing  forth  of  water. 

Squirt.     A  sudden  jetting  of  water. 

Stillicidium  [L.J     Falling  rain. 

Stream.     Flowing  water. 

Streamlet.     A  small  stream. 

Surf.     The  swell  of  the  sea  which  breaks  upon  the  shore. 

Surge.     A  large  wave  or  billow. 

Swash.     A  dashing  or  splashing  of  water. 

Swell.     A  succession  of  large  waves. 

Tide.     The  alternate  rising  and  falling  of  the  waters  of  the  ocean. 

Torrent.     A  violent  stream  of  water. 

Tributary.     A  stream  of  water  flowing  into  another  stream. 

Undercurrent.     A  current  below  the  surface  of  water. 

Vortex.     A  stream  with  a  whirling  or  circular  motion. 

Waterfall.     A  fall  of  water  over  a  precipice. 

Waterspout.     The  throwing  up  of  water  into  a  long  column  by  a  vio- 
lent wind. 
Wave.     An  advancing  ridge  or  swell  on  the  surface  of  the  sea. 

Whirlpool.     An  eddy  or  vortex  of  water. 

White  horses.     White-topped  waves. 

River — Associated  Nouns. 

Force-pump.     A  pump  adapted  for  delivering  water  at  a  considerable 

height. 
Hydrant.     A  discharge  pipe  for  water. 
Irrigation.     The  operation  of  causing  water  to  flow  over  lands.     See 

Water. 
Pump.     A  machine  for  raising  water. 

Rain-gage.     An  apparatus  that  measures  the  amount  of  rainfall. 
Syringe.     A  small  hand-pump  for  throwing  a  stream  of  liquid. 


58 


Perflation.     The  act  of  blowing  through. 
Puff.     A  wind  which  produces  ruffs. 
Rough  weather.     High  wind. 
Samiel.     The  simoom. 

Simoom,  \  A  h       d       dust-laden  wind  of  Arabia. 

Simoon.  > 

Sirocco.     An  oppressive  wind  blowing  from  the  Libyan  deserts. 

Sneezing.     A  violent  emission  of  air  through  the  nose.     See  Verbs. 

Squall.     A  sudden  gust  of  wind. 

Sternutation.     The  act  of  sneezing. 

Stiff  breeze.     A  violent  wind. 

Storm.     A  violent  disturbance  of  the  air  accompanied  by  wind. 

Stream.     A  steady  current  of  air. 

Stress  of  weather.     Continued  bad  weather. 

Sufflation.     The  act  of  inflating. 

Tempest.     A  furious  storm. 

Tornado.     A  violent  whirling  wind. 

Trade-wind.     A  steady  wind  blowing  in  the  torrid  zone. 

Tramontane.     An  Italian  north  wind. 

Typhoon.     A  violent  whirlwind  occurring  in  the  Chinese  Sea. 

Undercurrent.     A  current  under  or  below  another  current  of  air. 

Ventilation.     The  process  of  replacing  foul  air  with  pure  ah*. 

Ventosity.     Windiness. 

Whiff.     A  sudden  gust  of  wind. 

Whirlwind.     A  violent  wind-storm. 

Wind.     A  current  of  air  in  motion. 

Windiness.     Tendency  or  state  of  being  windy.     See  Adjectives. 

Zephyr.     The  west  wind. 

Wind — Nouns  of  Instrument, 

Air-pump.     A  pump  for  exhausting  air  from  an  enclosed  space. 
Bellows.     An  instrument  for  producing  a  current  of  air. 
Blow-pipe.     A  tube  for  directing  a  jet  of  air  into  a  fire. 
Fan.     An  instrument  used  for  producing  currents  of  air. 
Lungs.     The  organs  of  the  body  into  which  the  air  is  drawn. 
Pipe.     Any  wind-instrument  of  music. 
Punkah.     A  machine  for  fanning  a  room. 
Ventilator.     A  contrivance  for  effecting  ventilation. 

Wind — Scientific  Nouns, 
Aerodynamics.     The    science    which    treats   of   the   air   and   othei 

gaseous  bodies  under  the  action  of  force  and  their  mechanical 

effects. 
Anemography.     A  description  of  the  winds 
Anemometer.     An  instrument  for  measuring  the  force  and  velocity 

of  the  winds. 
Vane.     A  contrivance  fixed  on  an  elevated  place  for  showing  which 

way  the  wind  blows. 
Weathercock.     A  vane. 
Wind-gage.     An  anemometer. 

Wind — Verbs. 
Blow.     To  produce  a  current  of  air. 
Blow  a  hurricane .  \  , 
Blow  great  guns.  > 
Blow  hard.     To  blow  violently. 
Blow  up.     To  fill  with  air. 
Breathe.     To  inhale  and  exhale  air. 
Cough.     To  expel  air  from  the  lungs  or  air-passages  in  a  noisy  or 

violent  manner. 
Fan.     To  move  the  air  with  a  fan. 
Gasp.     To  respire  convulsively. 
Inflate.     To  swell  or  distend  with  air  or  gas. 
Issue.     To  pass  or  flow  out. 
Perflate.     To  blow  through. 
Puff.     To  blow  in  puffs  or  whiffs. 
Respire.     To  take  breath  again;  breathe. 
Sneeze.     A  sudden  and  forcible  ejection  of  air  chiefly  through  tb* 

nose. 

S  Ml     I  ^°  ^raw  au*  audibly  up  the  nose. 

c     m'    [  To  draw  in  forcibly  through  the  nose. 

Lriream.     To  float  in  the  wind. 

Ventilate.     To  admit  pure  currents  of  air. 

Waft.     To  float  lightly  on  the  air. 

Wheeze.     To  breathe  hard  and  with  an  audible  sound. 

Wh'ffl     t  ^°  exoe'  a*r  suddenly  from  the  mouth. 

WiNrj — Adjectives. 
Blowing.     Causing  the  air  to  be  in  motion      See  Verbs. 
Blustering.     Exhibiting  noisy  violence,  as  the  wind- 


To  blow  furiously. 


RIVER. 


914 


ROASTING. 


RIVER— WIND— Continued, 


RIVER — Associated  Nouns — Continued. 


WIND — Adjectives — Continued, 


Watering-cart. 
Watering-pot. 


A  sprinkling-cart. 
A  pot  for  sprinkling  water. 


River — Scientific  Nouns. 
Hydraulicostatics.  j.  That  branch  of  mechanics  which  treats  of  fluids 
Hydraulics.  >       in  motion. 

Hydrodynamics.       The  principles  of  dynamics  as  applied  to  water 

and  other  fluids. 
Hyetography.     The  branch  of  physical  science  which  treats  of  the 

geographical  distribution  of  rain. 
Hyetology.      That  branch  of  meteorology  which  treats  of  rain. 

River — Verbs. 
Babble.     To  make  a  continuous  murmuring  noise,  as  shallow  water 

running  jver  stones. 
Bubble.     To  run  with  a  gurgling  noise,  as  if  forming  bubbles. 
Dam.     To  obstruct  or  restrain  the  flow  of. 
Dam  up.     To  make  a  dam  or  pool.     See  Aperture-Closure. 
Deluge.     To  overflow  with  water. 
Discharge  itself.     To  flow  from. 

Disembouge.     To  pour  out  or  discharge  at  the  mouth,  as  a  stream 
Distil.     To  fall  in  drops. 
Drain  into.     To  flow  into. 
Drench.     To  soak.     See  Water. 
Dribble.     To  fall  in  drops  or  small  drops  or  a  quick  succession  of 

drops. 
Drip.     To  let  fall  in  drops. 

Drizzlo.     To  rain  slightly  in  very  small  drops. 
Drop.     To  pour  or  let  fall  in  drops. 
Fall.     To  find  its  outlet;  discharge  its  waters. 
Fall  into.     To  flow  into. 

Flow.     To  change  place,  or  circulate,  as  a  liquid. 
Flow  into.     To  empty  the  water  from. 
Flow  out.     To  flow  from. 
Flow  over.     To  run  over  the  banks. 
Guggle.     To  gurgle. 

Gurgle.     To  run  or  flow  in  a  broken,  irregular,  noisy  current. 
Gush.     To  flow  copiously. 
Inundate.     To  cover  with  a  flood. 

Irrigate.     To  moisten  with  running  or  dropping  water. 
Issue.     To  flow  out. 
Jet.     To  spout,  to  emit  in  a  stream. 
Meander.    To  wind,  turn,  or  twist.    "  Where  Meander's  amber  waves 

in  lingering  labyrinths  creep."     [Gray,  Progress  of  Poesy,  II,  3.] 
Murmur.     To  make  a  low,  continued  noise  like  a  stream  of  water. 
Obstruct.     To  hinder  from  passing,  impede.     See  Obstruction. 
Ooze.     To  flow  gently 
Open  into.     To  flow  into. 

Overflow.     To  flow  over ,  cover  with ,  or  as  with,  water. 
Percolate.     To  cause  to  pass  through  fine  interstices,  as  a  liquid. 
Plash.     To  dabble  in  water,  splash. 
Pour.     To  cause  to  flow  in  a  stream. 
Pour  out.     To  flow  with  a  strong  stream. 
Pour  with  rain.     To  rain  very  heavily. 
Purl.     To  run  swiftly  round,  as  a  small  stream  flowing  among  stones 

or  other  obstructions. 
Rain  cats  and  dogs.     A  figurative  expression  for  very  heavy  rain. 
Rain  hard.     To  rain  very  much. 


Boisterous.     Acting  with  noisy  turbulence.     See  Turbulence. 

Breezy.     Characterized  by,  or  having  breezes;  airy. 

Flatulent.     Affected  with  flatus  or  gases  generated  in  the  alimentary 

canal;  windy. 
Gusty.     Subject  to  gusts  or  squalls. 

PulmonfcT)  °f  or  PertaininS  to  the  lungs. 

Squally.     Disturbed  often  with  sudden  or  violent  gusts  of  wind. 

Stormy.     Characterized  or  proceeding  from  a  storm. 

Tempestuous.     Of  or  pertaining  to  a  tempest. 

Windy.     Accompanied  or  characterized  by  wind. 


RIVER — Verbs— Continued. 

Rain  in  torrents.     To  pour. 

Rain  pitchforks.     A  figurative  expression  for  heavy  rain. 

Regurgitate.     To  throw  or  pour  back. 

Roll.  To  move  as  waves  or  billows,  with  alternate  swell  and  depres- 
sion. 

Run.     To  flow,  as  a  liquid. 

Set  in.     To  flow  in. 

Shower  down.     To  rain. 

Spill.     To  suffer  to  fall  or  run  out  of  a  vessel. 

Spirtle.     To  spurt. 

Spit.     To  eject;  throw  out;  belch. 

Splash.     To  dabble  in  water. 

Spout.     To  throw  out  in  a  jet. 

Spurt.     To  gush  out  violently  or  suddenly  in  a  stream. 

Sputter.  To  throw  out  anything,  as  saliva  from  the  mouth,  in  littlr 
jets. 

Stanch.     To  stop  the  flowing  of. 

Stream.     To  send  forth  in  a  current  -_r  stream. 

Swash.     To  dash  or  flow  noisily. 

Swirl.     To  form  eddies. 

Trickle.     To  flow  in  a  small  gentle  stream. 

Trill.  To  flow  in  a  small  stream,  or  in  drops  rapidly  succeeding  each 
other. 

Well.     To  issue  forth,  as  water  from  the  ground 

River — Adjectives. 

Affluent.     Flowing  abundantly.  , 

Diffluent.     Flowing  apart  or  off. 

Flowing.      Running  along,  as  a  stream.      See  Verbs, 

Fluent.     Flowing  or  capable  of  flowing. 

Fluvial.      \  „  , 

Fluviatile.iBelongingtonvers' 

Meandering.  \ 

Meandrous.  V  Flowing  in  windings.     See  Verbs. 

Meandry.       ) 

Pluvial.     Of  or  pertaining  to  rain. 

Profluent.     Flowing  forward. 

Rainy.     Abounding  with  rain. 

Showery.     Abounding  with  frequent  showers  of  rain. 

Stillicidous.     Falling  in  drops. 

Streamy.     Abounding  with  streams  or  with  running  water. 

Tidal.     Of  or  pertaining  to  tides. 


riv'-et.  To  fasten.  Connective,  Union-Disunion; 
rivet  in  the  memory,  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness;  rivet  the  attention,  Excitation,  Heed-Disre- 
gard; rivet  the  eyes  upon,  Sight-Blindness;  rivet 
the  yoke,  Harshness-Mildness. 

riv'-et-ed.    Fixed.     Mutability-Stability. 

riv'-u-let.     Stream.     River-Wind. 

rix-a'-tion.     Brawl.     Variance-Accord. 

road.  Direction;  street.  Aim-Aberration,  Dwel- 
ler-Habitation, Way;  on  the  high  road  to,  Ad- 
vance-Retrogression, Aim-Aberration,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness;  on  the  road,  Advance- 
Retrogression,  Aim -Aberration,  Approach- 
Withdrawal,  Transfer;  road  to  ruin,  Creation- 
Destruction,  Security- Insecurity,  Welfare- 
Misfortune. 

road'-book".      Guide-book.     Traveling-Navigation. 

roads.  Anchorage.  Dweller  -  Habitation,  Gulf- 
Plain. 


road'-stead.  Anchorage.  Dweller- Habitation, 
Refuge-Pitfall. 

road'-ster.     Traveling  horse.     Conveyer. 

road'-way''.     Way.     Way. 

roam.     Range.     Traveling-Navigation. 

roan.     Horse;  sorrel.     Conveyer,  Gray-Brown. 

roar.  To  laugh;  to  rage;  to  make  a  loud  noise.  Cry- 
Ululation,  Jubilation-Lamentation,  Loudness- 
Faintness,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

roar'-ing.  Prosperous.         Magnitude-Smallness; 

roaring  trade,  Success-Failure,  Welfare-Misfor- 
tune. 

roast.  To  cook;  to  ridicule.  Heating-Cooling,  Re- 
gard-Disrespect, Society  -  Derision;  rib-roast, 
Recompense-Punition;  roast  and  boiled,  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion; roast  an  ox,  Heat-Cold.  Solem- 
nization. 

roast'-ing.     Heating.     Chemistry. 


ROB. 


915 


ROISTER. 


rob.       Jelly,    to  steal.       Pulpiness-Oiliness,  Theft; 

tod  Peter  to  pay  Paul,  Compensation  ,  Theft. 
rob'-ber.     Thief.     Robber. 

ROBBER. 

Artful  Dodger.     Sobriquet  of  a  young  thief  in  Dickens's  Oliver  Twist. 
Bandit.     An  outlawed  thief;  highwayman. 
Blackleg.     A  swindler  at  gambling  games. 

Brigand.     One  of  a  set  of  thieves  banded  secretly  together  in  moun- 
tain or  forest. 

Buccaneer.  [  .  ,, 

-,  [  A  sea-robber. 

Buccamer.  > 

Burglar.     A  nocturnal  housebreaker  and  thief. 

Bushranger.     An  escaped  convict  or  criminal  living  in  the  bush. 

Card-sharper.     One  who  cheats  at  cards. 

Chevalier  d'induslrie  [F.].     A  thief. 

Coiner.     A  maker  of  counterfeit  coin. 

Corsair.     A  sea-thief;  a  pirate  vessel. 

Cracksman.     A  burglar. 

Cutpurse.      One  who  thieves  from  the  person,  formerly  by  cutting 
the  purse. 

Dacoit.     One  of  a  band  of  Indian  thieves. 

Defaulter.     One  who  fails  to  account  for  money  entrusted  to  him. 

Depredator.     One  who  plunders. 

Duffer.     A  hawker  of  sham  goods. 

Falcon.     A  bird  of  prey. 

Fence.     One  who  knowingly  receives  stolen  goods. 

Filcher.     One  guilty  of  petty  theft. 

Filibuster.     A  buccaneer. 

Footpad.     A  thief  or  highwayman  who  robs  on  foot. 

Forger.     One  guilty  of  theft  by  forgery. 

Freebooter.     A  wandering  thief. 

Harpy.     An  extortioner;  a  plunderer. 

Highwayman.     One  who  robs  on  the  highway. 

Homo  frium  literariitm  [L.]      A  man  of  three  letters,  *.  e.t  fur,  thief. 

Housebreaker.     One  who  breaks  into  a  house  with  thieving  intent. 

Land-shark.     One  who  cheats  in  land  dealing. 

Leg.     Blackleg. 

Light-fingered  gentry.     A  sobriquet  of  the  pickpockets. 

Magsman.     A  swindler  of  countrymen  and  simple  folk. 

Marauder.     A  roving,  plundering  thief. 

Miquelet.     A  bandit. 

Moss-trooper.     A  name  given  to  the  border  marauders  between  Eng- 
land and  Scotland. 

Peculator.     One  who  embezzles. 

Picaroon.     A  plunderer  of  wrecks. 

Pickeerer.  \  , 

Picqueerer.JAP,rate- 

Pickpocket.     A  thief  who  steals  from  the  pocket 

Pickpurse.     A  purse  thief. 

Pilferer.     A  petty  thief. 

Pillager.     One  who  thieves  and  plunders  openly. 

Pirate.     A  sea-thief* 

Plagiarist.     A  thief  of  the  ideas  or  language  of  another. 

Poacher.     One  who  steals  game. 

Privateer.     A  vessel  or  its  commander  licensed  by  government  to 
plunder  an  enemy's  ships. 

Hanger.     A  roving  thief. 

Rapparee.     A  wild  Irish  thief. 

Receiver  of  stolen  goods.     A  thief's  accomplice. 

Rifler.     A  pillager;  plunderer. 

Robber.     A  thief;  plunderer. 

Rook.     A  thieving  cheat-  a  swindler. 

Rover.     A  wandering  robber;  a  pirate. 

Shark.     An  artful  thief;  a  sharper. 

Sharper.     A  cheat  in  bargaining  or  gambling. 

Shoplifter.     One  who  thieves  in  a  shop. 

Skittle-sharper.     One  who  cheats  in  the  game  of  skittles. 

Smuggler.     One  who  brings  goods  into  a  country  secretly  to  avoid 
duties. 

Spoiler.     A  thief:   a  plunderer. 

Sturdy  beggar.     A  name  applied  to  a  foraging  soldier. 

Swell-mob.     That  class  of  well-dressed  pickpockets  who   mix  with 
crowds  to  do  their  work. 

Swindler.     A  cheat;    an  artful  defrauder. 

Thief.     One  who  steals. 

Thimble-rigger.     A  thieving  trickster. 

Thug.     Formerly  a  member  of  an  Indian  association  for  robbery  and 
murder,   hence,  a  murderous  robber. 

Trickster.     A  player  of  tricks:   a  cheat. 

Viking.     A  sea-thief  of  the  Northmen 

Welsher.     A  professional  gambler  who  does  not  pay  if  he  loses. 

Wrecker.     One  who  wrecks  and  plunders  ships 


Robber — Figurative  Expressions. 

Autolycus.     A  rogue  in  Shakespeare's  Winter' s  Tale. 

Bedouin.     A  member  of  a  thieving  Arabian  tribe. 

BUI  Sykes.     A  brutal  thief  in  Dickens  s  Oliver  Twist. 

Claude  Duval.     A  noted  highwayman,  the  hero  of  some  novels  anct 

ballads. 
Dick  Turpin.     A  notorious  English  highwayman. 
Greek.     A  thief  or  rogue,  as  was  often  the  Greek. 
Jack  Sheppard.     A  notorious  English  robber,  the  hero  of  a  novel  of 

his  name  by  Ainsworth. 
Jeremy  Diddler.     A  type  of   swindler  in  Kennedy's   farce.   Raising 

the  Wind. 
Jonathan  Wild.     An  English  robber,  the  hero  of  novels  by  Fielding 

and  Defoe. 
Macheath.     The  principal  character  in  Gay's  Beggars'  Opera,  a  wild 

and  dissolute  robber. 
Paul  Jones.     A  Scottish-American  naval  hero. 
Robert  Macaire.     A  thief  and  villain  of  French  comedy. 

rob'-ber-y.     Plunder.    Theft. 
robe.     Garment.     Canonicals,  Dress-Undress. 
robes.     Costume.     Robes  of  state,  Scepter. 
Rob'-in  Good'-fel"-low.     An  elf.     Jove-Fiend. 
rob'-o-rant.     Strengthening.     Remedy-Bane. 
ro-bust'.     Rugged.      Health-Sickness,      Strength- 
Weakness. 
roc.     Bird    of    prey.     Conventionality-Unconven- 

TIONALITY. 

Ro"-ci-nan'-te 
veyer. 

rock.  To  sway;  stone;  reef.  Hardness-Softness, 
Mutability-Stability,  Ocean-Land,  Oscillation, 
Refuge-Pitfall;  build  on  a  rock,  Mutability-Sta- 
bility; rock  ahead,  Security-Insecurity;  rock-oil, 
Pulpiness-Oil  ;  split  upon  a  rock,  Success-Failure. 

rock'-et.  Kind  of  fireworks.  Ascent-Descent,  Lu- 
minary-Shade, Sign,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Wea- 
pon ;  go  up  like  a  rocket  and  come  down  like  a  stick, 
Success-Failure. 

rock'-ing-chair.  Chair  set  on  rockers.  Suspension- 
Support. 

rocks.    Mass  of  stony  matter.     Refuge-Pitfall. 

ro-co'-co.     Anything  quaint.     Novelty-Antiquity. 

rod.  Pole;  whip;  measure;  twig.  Devotion-Charm, 
Measure,  Mensuration,  Recompense -Scourge, 
Suspension-Support;  kiss  the  rod,  Yielding;  rod  in 
pickle,  Justification-Charge,  Ministry-Laity, 
Pardon- Vindictiveness,  Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration,  Recompense-Punition;  rod  of  empire, 
Rule-License,  Scepter;  sounding-rod,  Deepness- 
Shallowness. 

rod'-o-mont.     A  braggart.     Brawler. 

rod"-o-mon-tade'.  Bragging.  Bragging,  Meaning- 
Jargon. 

spawn  of  fishes.     Fauna-Flora. 

ray.     A    ray   penetrating   but    invisible. 


The    steed    of    Don    Quixote.     Con- 


Devotion-Idolatry, 


roe.     Deer 

Roent'-gen 
X  Ray. 

ro-ga'-tion.     Request;     litany. 
Petition-Expostulation. 

rogue.  Knave;  trickster.  Good  Man-Bad  Man, 
Gull- Deceiver,  Uprightness -Rogue;  rogue's 
march,  Admission-Expulsion. 

rogu'-er-y.  Knavery;  waggery.  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

rogu'-ish.        Mischievous.        Entertainment-Weari  ■ 

NESS. 

rot  est  mort,  vive  le  rot,  le  [F.]  (rwa  e  mor,  viv  le  rwa, 
le).  The  king  is  dead,  long  live  the  king.  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation. 

roi  le  veut,  le  [F.]  (rwa  le  vu,  le). 
Command,  Rule-License. 

roil.     To  render  muddy;  to  rex. 
ness,  Favorite-Anger. 

roist'-er.     To  bluster.     Brawler 
sequiousness. 


The   king  wills  it. 

Cleanness-Filthi- 

Presumption-Ob« 


ROISTERING. 


916 


ROSICRUCIAN. 


roist'-er-ing.  Blustering.  Presumption  -  Obseqious- 
ness. 

Roland  for  an  Oliver.  Hero  for  hero;  tit  for  tat.  Ex- 
change, Reprisal-Resistance. 

rdle  [F.]  (rol).  Character.  Acting,  Conduct,  De- 
sign, Occupation. 

roll.  List;  anything  round;  to  smooth;  to  sway;  to 
flow;  to  sound.  Circle-Winding,  Crash-Drum- 
ming, Lamina-Fiber,  Mark-Obliteration,  Move- 
ment-Rest,   Record,    Revolution,    River-Wind, 

'  Roundness,  Smoothness-Roughness,  Vibration; 
roll  along,  Revolution-Evolution; roll  in,  Enough, 
Excess-Lack;  roll  in  riches,  Affluence-Penury; 
roll  in  the  dust,  Success-Failure;  roll  into  one, 
Union-Disunion;  roll  in  wealth,  Affluence-Penu- 
ry; roll  of  parchment,  Measure;  roll  on,  Movement- 
Rest,  Period-Progress;  roll  on  the  ground,  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation; roll  up,  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion; roll  up  in,  Dress-Undress;  strike  off  the  roll, 
Commission- Abrogation,  Recompense-Pun ition. 

roll' -call".     Calling  of  names.     Numbering. 

roll'-er.  Rod;  something  that  rotates;  towel;  band- 
age. Connective,  Revolution-Evolution,  Round- 
ness, Smoothness-Roughness. 

roll'-ers.     Waves.     River-Wind. 

rol'-lick.     To  frolic.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

rol'-lick-er.  One  who  frolics.  Jubilation  -  Lamen- 
tation. 

rol'-lick-ing.  Frolicking.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion, Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

roll'-ing-pin" .  A  cylinder  with  handle  at  each  end 
to  roll  out  dough,  etc.  Roundness;  rolling-stock, 
Conveyance-Vessel,  Crash-Drumming;  rolling 
stone,  Revolution-Evolution. 

rolls.  Register.  Master  of  the  rolls,  Judge-Recorder; 
rolls  court,  Tribunal. 

Roma  deliberate  Saguntum  pent,  dum  [L.]  (ro'-ma  de- 
lib'-er-at  sag-un'-tum  per-it,  dum).  While  Rome  de- 
liberates, Saguntum  perishes.  Destruction,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness. 

Ro'-man  Cath'-o-lic  Religious  denomination.  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

ro-mance'.  Fanciful  story.  Account,  Adage-Non- 
sense, Fancy,  Truthfulness-Fabrication,  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood. 

ro-man'-cer.     Writer  of  romance.     Fancy. 

Ro'-man-ism.  Principles  of  the  Romish  Church. 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

Ro'-man-ist.  Roman  Catholic.  Orthodoxy-Heter- 
odoxy. 

Romanorum,  ultimus  [L.]  (ro-ma-no'-rum  ul'-tim-us). 
Last  of  the  Romans.  Beginning-End,  Future- 
Past. 

ro-man'-tic.  Fanciful.  Fancy,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

ro-man'-ti-cism.     Romantic  style.     Fancy. 

Romanus  sum,  civis  [L.]  (ro-mS'-nus  sum,  sai'-vis).  I 
am  a  Roman  citizen.     Dueness-Undueness. 

Rom'-a-ny.  Pertaining  to  the  Gipsies.  Word- 
Neology. 

Rome.  Church  of  Rome.  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy; 
do  as  the  Romans  do,  Conventionality-Unconven- 
tionality. 

Ro'-mish.  Relating  to  Rome.  Orthodoxy-Hetero- 
doxy. 

romp.  To  frisk.  Entertainment-Weariness,  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness. 

romp'-ish.  Inclined  to  romp.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

ron-deau'.     Poem.     Poetry-Prose. 

ron'-do.      Kind  of  musical  composition.     Music. 

ron'-ion.     A  scurvy  person.     Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

rood.     A  measure.     Length-Shortness. 

roof.     Dwelling;  cover.     Cover-Lining. 

roof -less.     Without  roof  or  shelter.     Dress-Undress. 


rook.     Trickster.     Robber,  Theft. 

rook'-er-y.  Breeding  place  for  birds;  shabby  tene- 
ment. Cleanness-Filthiness,  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

room.  Open  space;  occasion;  apartment.  Con- 
tents-Receiver, Extension-District,  Oppor- 
tuneness-Unsuitableness,  Pretext;  assembly- 
room,  Entertainment-Weariness;  in  the  room 
of,  Commutation-Permutation;  make  room  for, 
Aperture-Closure,  Regard-Disrespect. 

room'-age.     Space.     Extension-District. 

room'-y.     Convenient.     Extension-District. 

roost.  Perch.  Dweller-Habitation,  Presence- 
Absence. 

roost'-er.     Male  chicken.     Fauna-Flora. 

root.  Cause;  derivation;  base;  Part  of  a  plant. 
Cause-Effect,  Establishment-Removal,  Num- 
ber, Top-Bottom,  Word-Neology;  cut  up  root  and 
branch,  Creation-Destruction;  lie  at  the  root  of, 
Cause-Effect,  Investigation-Answer;  pluck  up 
by  the  roots,  Injection-Ejection;  root  and  branch, 
Entirety-Deficiency;  root  out,  Admission-Ex- 
pulsion, Discovery,  Injection-Ejection;  strike 
at  the  root  of,  Attack- Defense;  take  root, 
Dominance-Impotence,  Establishment-Removal, 
Habit-Desuetude. 

root'-ed.  Fixed.  Establishment -Removal,  Habit- 
Desuetude,  Mutability-Stability,  Novelty-An- 
tiquity; deep-rooted,  Affections,  Habit-Desue- 
tude; rooted  antipathy,  Desire-Distaste;  rooted 
belief,  Faith-Misgiving. 

rope.  Cord;  license;  whip.  Connective,  Instru- 
ment, Lamina-Fiber,  Liberty-Subjection,  Recom- 
pense-Scourge; give  enough  rope,  Rule-License; 
rope  of  sand,  Cohesion-Looseness,  Possibility- 
Impossibility,  Strength-Weakness;  rope's  end, 
Recompense-Scourge. 

rope'-dan"-cer.  Performer  on  a  tight  rope.  Adept- 
Bungler. 

rope'-dan"-cing.  Performance  on  a  tight  rope.  Ski^l- 
Unskilfulness. 

rope'- walk".  A  long  shed  used  for  spinning  rope-yarn. 
Workshop. 

ro'-py.     Stringy.     Lamina-Fiber,  Viscidity-Foam. 

roqu'-e-laure.     Cloak.     Dress-Undress. 

ro'-ral.     Dewy.     Dampness-Dryness. 

ro'-rid.     Dewy.     Dampness-Dryness. 

rosd,sub  [L.j  (ro'-sa,  sub).  Privately.  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy. 

ro'-sa-ry.     String  of  beads.     Ceremonial. 

ros'-cid.     Dewy.     Dampness-Dryness. 

Ros'-ci-us.     A  noted  Roman  actor.     Acting. 

rose.  Kind  of  flower;  perforated  nozzle.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Patriotism-Treason,  Perfume-Stench, 
Redness-Greenness,  Watercourse-Airpipe;  bed 
of  roses,  Sensuality-Suffering,  Welfare-Misfor- 
tune; under  the  rose,  Enlightenment-Secrecy; 
welcome  as  the  roses  in  June,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Sociability-Privacy. 

rose,  couleur  de  [F.]  (roz,  cu-lur'  de).  Rose -color. 
Goodness-Badness,  Redness-Greenness,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

ro'-se-ate.  Rosy.  Redness-Greenness,  Sanguine- 
ness-Hopelessness. 

rose'-col"-ored.  Redness-Greenness,  Sanguine- 
ness-Hopelessness. 

ro-sette'.  Ornament.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

rose'-wa"-ter.  Sentimental.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Turbulence-Calmness;  not  made  with  rose- 
water,  Difficulty-Facility. 

Ro"-si-cru'-ci-an.  Pertaining  to  the  Rosicrucians. 
Devotion-Magician,  Gull-Deceiver,  Orthodoxt- 
Heterodoxy. 


ROSIN. 


917 


ROUNDNESS. 


ros'-in.  Residue  from  distillation  of  turpentine. 
Friction-Lubrication,  Pulpiness-Rosin. 

ros'-ter.     Register.     Record. 

ros'-trum.  Platform;  beak.  Anteriority-Pos- 
teriority, School. 

ro'-sy.  Like  a  rose.  Redness-Greenness;  rosy 
wine,  Beauty-Ugliness,  Teetotalism-Intemper- 
ance. 

ro'-sy-cheeked".  Having  red  cheeks.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness. 

rot.    To  decay.    Betterment-Deterioration,  Clean- 

NESS-FlLTHINESS,  HEALTH-SlCKNESS. 

ro'-ta.     Routine.     Periodicity-Irregularity. 

ro'-ta-ry.  Turning  around  its  axis.  Revolution- 
Evolution. 

ro'-tate.  To  turn  on  its  axis.  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion. 

ro'-ta"-ting.  Turning  around  its  axis.  Revolution- 
Evolution. 

ro-ta'-tion.  Alternation;  motion  around  its  own  axis. 
Periodicity-Irregularity,  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion. 

ro'-ta-to-ry.  Going  in  a  circle.  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion. 

rote.  Repetition.  By  rote,  Remembrance-Forget- 
fulness;  know  by  rote,  Knowledge-Ignorance, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  learn  by  rote, 
Education-Learning,  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness. 

rot'-gut".  Cheap  whisky.  Goodness-Badness,  Nu- 
triment-Excretion. 

Roth'-schild.    English  banking-house.    Labor-Capital. 

rot'-ten.  Decayed;  not  trustworthy.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Goodness- 
Badness,  Health-Sickness,  Strength-Weakness; 
rotten  at  the  core,  Faultlessness-Faultiness, 
Health-Sickness,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

rot'-ten-ness.     Decay.     Betterment-Deterioration. 

rot'-ting.     Decomposing.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

rotulorum,  custos  [L.]  (rot-yu-lo'-rum,  cus'-tos). 
Keeper  of  the  rolls.     Recorder. 

ro-tund'.     Spherical.     Roundness. 

ro-tun'-da.  Circular  building.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

ro-tund'-i-ty.  Roundness.  Circle-Winding,  Round- 
ness. 

roturier  [F.]  (ro-tii-rie') .  Plebeian.  Gentility-Com- 
monalty. 

rou.6  [F.]  (ru-e').     Rake.     Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

rougi  [F.j  (ruzh).     Red      Redness-Greenness. 

rouge.      Red  cosmetic.     Redness-Greenness. 

rouge-et-noir   [F.]    (ruzh"-e-n\var')  •     Red    and    black. 

PuRPOSE-LuCK. 

rough.  Uneven;  rude;  jarring;  not  well  prepared; 
astringent;  ruffian.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Belliger- 
ent, Benefactor- Evildoer,  Brawler,  Cacoph- 
ony, Form-Formlessness,  Gentility-Commonal- 
ty, Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Palatableness-Unpala- 
tableness,  preparation-nonpreparation,  po- 
liteness-Impoliteness,  Pungency,  Smoothness- 
Roughness,  Sweetness- Acidity,  Turbulence- 
Calmness;  rough-and-tumble,  Regularity-Irregu- 
larity; rough  copy,  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion,  Writing-Printing;  rough  diamond,  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Gentility-Commonalty,  Goodness- 
Badness,  Taste-Vulgarity;  rough  draft,  Design; 
rough  guess,  Hypothesis;  rough  it,"  Toil-Relaxa- 
tion; rough  sea,  River- Wind;  rough  side  of  the 
tongue,  Approval-Disapproval;  rough  weather, 
River- Wind,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

rough'-cast".  Rude  model.  Design,  Form-Form- 
lessness, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

rough'-en.  Become  rough.  Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration, Smoothness-Roughness. 


rough'-hew".  To  shape  roughly.  Form-Formless- 
ness, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

rough'-hewn".  Roughly  shaped.  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

rough'-ly.     Nearly.     Remoteness-Nearness. 

rough'-ness.  Unevenness.  Cacophony,  Palatable- 
ness-Unpalatableness,  Pungency,  Smoothness- 
Roughness,  Strength-Weakness. 

rough'-rid"-er.  One  who  breaks  horses  to  the  saddle. 
In  the  army,  a  riding-master's  assistant.  Wayfarer- 
Seafarer. 

rough'-shod".  Shod  with  armed  shoes;  overbearing. 
Ride  roughshod  over,  Harshness-Mildness. 

rou"-lade\     Musical  nourish.     Music 

rou"-leau\  A  roll;  coin;  bundle.  Gatiierino-Scat- 
tering,  Money,  Roundness. 

rou-lette'.     Game  of  chance.     Purpose-Luck. 

round.  Series;  period;  step;  musical  composition; 
circular.  Assertion  -  Denial,  Circle- Winding, 
Continuity-Interruption,  Curvation-Rectiline- 
arity,  Music,  Occupation,  Periodicity-Irregu- 
larity, Roundness,  Strife -Peace,  Suspension- 
Support;  all  round,  Environment-Interposition; 
bring  round,  Renovation-Renewal;  come  round, 
Bigotry-Apostasy,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Mo- 
tive-Caprice, Periodicity-Irregularity,  Renova- 
tion-Relapse; dizzy  round,  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion; get  round,  Renovation- Relapse;  go  one's 
rounds,  Traveling-Navigation;  go  round,  Circle- 
Winding,  Revolution-Evolution;  go  the  rounds, 
Circuition,  Publicity;  go  the  same  round,  Recur- 
rence; in  round  numbers,  Medium,  Remoteness- 
Nearness;  round  a  corner,  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion; round  and  round,  Periodicity-Irregularity, 
Revolution-Evolution;  round  game,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness; round  like  a  horse  in  a  mill,  Hab- 
it-Desuetude; round  number,  Multiplicity- Pau- 
city; round  of  pleasures,  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Sensuality-Suffering;  round  of  the  ladder, 
Station;  round  of  visits,  Sociability-Privacy; 
round  robin,  Approval-Disapproval,  Petition- 
Expostulation,  Toughness-Brittleness;  round 
sum,  Affluence-Penury,  Money;  round  terms, 
Phrase;  round  trot,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

round'-a-bout".  Circuitous;  dance;  merry-go-round. 
Aim  -  Aberration,  Entertainment  -  Weariness. 
Environment-Interposition,  Midcourse-Circuit, 
Revolution.  -  Evolution,  Terseness  -  Prolixity; 
roundabout  phrases,  Terseness-Prolixity;  round- 
about way,  Midcourse-Circuit. 

round'-ed.  Well  -  developed.  Circle  -  Winding; 

rounded    periods,   Purity-Crudeness,    Simplicity- 
Floridness. 
roun'-del-ay.     Melody.     Poetry-Prose. 
round'-house".     Building  for  sheltering  engines.      Re- 
lease-Prison. 
round'-let.     Little  circle.     Circle-Winding. 
round'-ness.    The  state  of  being  round.     Circle-Wind- 
ing, Roundness. 

ROUNDNESS. 

Bell-shape.     The  sh«pe  of  abeii.  I 

Conoid.     Cone-shaped. 

Cylindricity.     The  quality  or  condition  of  being  cylindrical.     * 

Cylindroid.     The  shape  of  a  cylinder. 

Egg-shape.     The  shape  of  an  egg. 

Globosity.     Sphericity,  roundness. 

Pear-shape.     The  shape  of  a  pear. 

Rotundity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  rotund ;  roundness. 

Roundness,     See  Adjectives. 

iitv  J  '^le  9ua'^y  or  state  of  being  spherical ,  roundness. 


Spheroidity. 


Roundness — Denotations. 


Ball.     A  spherical  body  of  any  dimension. 

Barrel.     A  cylindrical  vessel  bulging  in  the  middle,  made  of  wooden 
staves  held  together  by  hoops. 


ROUNDNESS. 


918 


RUBICON. 


Bou    er.  I  j^  roun(je(j  slone  or  rock. 

Bowlder.  J 

Bulb.     A  spheroidal  underground  leaf -bud. 

Bullet.     A  leaden  ball  shot  from  a  gun. 

Clew.     A  round  bunch. 

Column.     A  vertical  shaft,  commonly  cylindrical. 

Cone.     A  solid  figure  that  tapers  from  a  circular  base  to  a  point. 

Cylinder.     A  solid  with  curved  bounding  surfaces. 

Drop.     A  small  round  portion  of  anything. 

Dram.     A  cylindrical  musical  instrument. 

Ellipsoid.      A   solid,  every  plane  section   of   which   is  a  circle  or 

ellipse. 
Globe.     A  spherical  representation  of  the  earth's  surface. 
Globule.     A  small  globe 
Knob.     A  rounded  protuberance. 
Knot.     An  intertwining  of  the  parts  of  a  rope,  etc. 
Marble.     A  small,  spherical  solid  of  baked  clay,  glass,  etc. 
Oblate  spheroid.     A  sphere  slightly  flattened  at  the  poles. 
Oblong  spheroid.     A  body  almost  spherical,  having  one  axis  a  little 

longer  than  another. 
Pea.     A  small  round  fruit  of  the  pea. 
PeHet.     A  bullet;  a  ball. 
Pelole  [F.].     A  ball. 

Pill.     A  medicine  put  up  in  a  solid,  circular  form. 
Pommel.     A  knob  at  the  front  of  a  saddle. 
Roll.     That  which  is  rolled  up. 

Roller.     A  cylindrical  shaft  on  which  something  is  rolled. 
Rolling-pin.     A  roller  with  a  handle  at  each  end  for  rolling  out 

dough,  etc. 
Rouleau  [F.].     A  little  roll. 
Rundle.     The  round  of  a  ladder. 
Sphere.     A  solid  bounded  by  a  curved  surface,  every  point  of  which  is 

equally  distant  from  the  center. 
Spheroid.     A  body  having  nearly  the  form  of  a  sphere. 
Spherule.     A  small  sphere. 
Vesicle.     A  small  bladder-like  cavity  or  cell. 

Rovndness — Verbs. 

Form  into  a  sphere.     To  make  round. 

Give  rotundity.     To  make  round.     See  Nouns. 

Render  spherical.     To  make  round.     See  Adjectives. 

Roll  into  a  ball.     To  collect  into  a  sphere. 

Round.     To  make  round. 

Sphere.     To  form  into  roundness. 

Roundness — Adjectives. 

Bead-like.     Round,  like  a  bead. 
Bell-shaped.     In  the  form  of  a  bell. 
Bulbous.      Bulb-like  in  shape  or  structure. 
Campaniform.     t 
Campaniliform.  >  Bell-shaped. 
-Campanulate.     ) 

'Columnar.     Having  the  form  of  a  column, 
■Conic.     Having  the  form  of  a  geometrical  cone, 
Conical.     Cone-shaped. 
Cylindric.    ~> 

Cylindrical.  V  Having  the  form  of  a  cylinder. 
Cylindroid.  ) 

Egg-shaped.     Having  the  shape  of  an  egg. 
Fungiform.     Shaped  like  a  fungus  or  mushroom. 
Gibbous.     Swelling  by  a  regular  curve  or  surface. 
Globated. 
Globose. 
Globous. 
Globular. 

Lumbriciform.     Resembling  an  earthworm  in  form. 
Moniliform.     Jointed  or  constricted,  at  regular  intervals,  so  as  to  re- 
semble a  string  of  beads. 

OvoWrm  }  Egg-shaped. 

Pear-shaped.      Having  the  form  of  a  pear. 

Pyriform.      Pear-shaped. 

Rotund.      Round;  circular;  spherical. 

Round.      Having  every  portion  of  the  surface  or  of  the  circumference 

equally  distant  from  the  center.     See  Circle. 
Round  as  a  ball. 
Round  as  a  billiard-ball. 
Round  as  a  cannon-ball. 
Round  as  an  apple. 
Round  as  an  orange. 
Spherical.     Round,  like  a  sphere. 
Spheroidal.     Almost  a  sphere. 
Teres  clique  rotundus  [L.].     Smooth  and  round. 


Having  the  form  of  a  globe ;  spherical. 


round'-shoul"-dered.  Having  drooping  shoulders 

Proportion-Deformity. 

roup.     To  auction.     Buying-Sale. 

rouse.  Mirth;  to  arouse.  Excitation,  Motive-Ca- 
price ;  rouse  oneself,  Activity-Indolence. 

rous'-ing.     Exciting.     Vigor-Inertia. 

rout.  To  overcome;  rabble;  uproar.  Agitation,  Gen- 
tility-Commonalty, Sociability -Privacy,  Suc- 
cess-Failure; put  to  the  rout,  rout  out,  Cleanness- 

FlLTHINESS. 

route.  Way.  Way;  en  route,  Transfer,  Travel- 
ing-Navigation; en  route  for,  Advance-Retro- 
gression. 

rou"-tine'.  Regular  course.  Habit-Desuetude,  Oc- 
cupation, Periodicity-Irregularity,  Regularity- 
Irregularity,  Uniformity-Diversity,  Uniform- 
ity-Multiformity. 

rove.  To  wander.  Aim-Aberration,  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

ro'-ver.  Wanderer;  pirate.  Robber,  Wayfarer- 
Seafarer. 

ro'-ving.     Roaming  about.     Traveling-Navigation. 

row.  To  propel;  street;  series.  Continuity-Inter- 
ruption, Dweller-Habitation,  Traveling-Navi- 
gation; row  in  the  same  boat,  Solitude -Com- 
pany. 

row.  Quarrel.  Regularity-Irregularity,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness, Variance-Accord. 

row'-dy.  Rough.  Brawler,  City,  Good  Man-Bad 
Man,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

row'-dy-ism.  Conduct  of  a  rowdy.  Taste -Vul- 
garity. 

row'-el.     Spur.    Motive-Caprice,  Sharpness-Blunt- 

NESS. 

row'-er.     One  who  rows.     Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

row'-lock.     Socket.     Suspension-Support. 

roy'-al.  Kingly.  Rule-License;  royal  way,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility. Way. 

Roy'-al  Ac'a-de-mi-ci-an.  Member  of  the  Royal  Acad- 
emy.   Artist. 

roy'-al-ist.  Supporter  of  a  royal  dynasty.  Rule-Li- 
ce/ise 

roy'-al-ty.     Sovereignty.     Rule-License. 

royne.     Scab.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

Roz-i-nan'-te.     Don  Quixote's  charger.     Conveyer. 

made  [F.l  (ru-ad').  Wincing.  Attack-Defense,  Im- 
petus-Reaction. 

ruat  coslum  [L.]  (ru'-at  si'-lum).  Let  the  heavens  fall. 
Charitableness-Curse. 

rub.  Difficulty;  friction.  Difficulty-Facility, 
Friction  -  Lubrication,  Pleasurableness  -  Pain- 
fulness,  Welfare-Misfortune;  rub  down,  En- 
largement-Diminution, Friability;  rub  down 
with  an  oaken  towel,  Recompense-Punition;  rub 
off,  Mark-Obliteration;  rub  off  corners,  Conven- 
tionality-Unconventionality;  rub  on,  Advance- 
Retrogression,  Excitability-  Inexcitability, 
Swiftness-Slowness;  rub  one's  eyes,  Astonisi:- 
ment-Expectance;  rub  one's  hands,  Jubilation- 
Lamentation;  rub  out,  Mark-Obliteration;  So-' 
lidity-Rarity;  rub  up,  Betterment-Deteriora 
tion;    rub  up  the  memory,  Remembrance-Forget- 

FULNESS. 

rub'-a-dub".  The  sound  of  a  drum.  Crash-Drum- 
ming. 

rub'-ber.    A  game.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

rub'-bing.     Moving  over.     Friction-Lubrication. 

rub'-bish.  Waste.  Consequence -Insignificance, 
Meaning-Jargon,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

rub'-ble.     Fragments.     Usefulness-Uselessness. 

ru-bes'-cence.     Redness.     Redness-Greenness. 

Ru'-bi-con.  River  boundary  of  Italy.  Boundary; 
pass  the  Rubicon,  Beginning-End,  Choice-Neu- 
trality.    Transcursion-Shortcoming. 


RUBICUND. 


919 


RULE— LICENSE. 


ru'-bi-cund.     Red.     Redness-Greenness. 

ru"-bi-cun'-di-ty.     Ruddiness.     Redness-Greenness. 

ru"-bi-fi-ca'-tion.  A  making  red.  Redness-Green- 
ness. 

ru'-bi-form.     Reddish.      Redness-Greenness. 

ru'-bi-fv.     To  redden.     Redness-Greenness. 

ru-bi'-gV     Rust.     Clearness-Filthiness. 

ru'-bric.     Rule.     Ceremonial-Precept. 

ru'-bri-cate.     To  redden.     Redness-Greenness. 

ru'-by.  Red;  gem.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment, Goodness-Badness,  Redness-Greenness. 

ruck.     Wrinkle.      Plicature. 

ruc-ta'-tion.  Forcing  of  gas  from  the  stomach.  Ad- 
mission-Expulsion. 

rud'-der.      Device  for  directing  a  boat.     Management. 

rud'-der-less.  Deprived  of  a  rudder.  Might-Impo- 
tence. 

rud'-dle.     Redness.     Redness-Greenness. 

rud'-dy.  Red.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Redness-Green- 
ness. 

rude.  Rough;      misshapen;      ignorant;      impolite. 

Beauty-Ugliness,  Form-Formlessness,  Gentil- 
ity-Commonalty, Knowledge-Ignorance,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness, Purity-Crudeness,  Regard- 
Disrespect,  Taste -Vulgarity,  Turbulence- 
Calmness;  rude  health,  Health-Sickness. 

ru'-di-ment.  Beginning.  Beginning-End,  Cause- 
Effect,  Greatness-Littleness. 

ru"-di-men'-tal.  Initial.  Beginning-End,  Great- 
ness-Littleness, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

ru"-di-men'-ta-ry.  Abortive.  Greatness-Little- 
ness. 

ru'-di-ments.  Fundamental  principles.  Beginning- 
End,  Knowledge-Ignorance,  School. 

rudis  indigestaque  moles  [L.]  (ru'-dis  in-di-ges'-ta-qut 
mo'-lis) .  A  rude  and  undigested  mass.  Form-Form- 
lessness, Regularity-Irregularity. 

rue.  To  be  sorry  for.  Contentedness-Regret, 
Palatableness-Unpalatableness,  Repentance- 
Obduracy. 

rue'-ful.  Woful.  Lightheartedness-  Dejection, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

ruff.     Ruffle.     Dress-Undress. 


ruf'-fl-an.  Lawless  fellow.  Benefactor-Evildoer, 
Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

ruf'-fi-an-ism.  Lawlessness.  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence. 

ruf'-fle.  To  fold;  to  anger;  to  roughen.  Emotion, 
Excitability-Inexcitability,  Excitation,  Favor- 
ite-Anger, Organization-Disorganization,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness, Plicature,  Regular- 
ity-Irregularity, Smoothness-Roughness. 

ru'-fous.     Dull-red.     Redness-Greenness. 

rug.  Thick  covering.  Cover-Lining,  Suspension- 
Support. 

rug'-ged.  Rough;  stern.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Dif- 
ficulty-Facility, Form-Formlessness,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness, Smoothness-Roughness. 

ru'-gose.     Wrinkled.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

ru-gos'-i-ty.     Roughness.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

ru'-gous.     Wrinkled.     Smoothness-Roughness.  " 

ru'-in.  Destruction;      misfortune.  Affluence- 

Penury,  Approval-Disapproval,  Creation-De- 
struction, Good-Evil,  Success-Failure,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune. 

ru"-in-a'-tion.     Ruin.     Welfare-Misfortune. 

ru'-ined.  Impoverished.  Sanguineness-Hopeless- 
ness. 

ru'-in-ous.  Baneful.  Maker-Destroyer,  Medioc- 
rity, Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

ru'-in-ous-ness.  A  ruinous  state.  Welfare-Misfor- 
tune. 

ru'-ins.     Remains.     Increment-Remnant. 

rule.  Method;  measure;  decision;  authority.  De- 
cision -  MlSJUDGMENT,      HABIT  -  DESUETUDE,      (.AW- 

Lawlessness,  Length-Shortness,  Liberty- Sub- 
jection, Management,  Mensuration,  Precfpt, 
President-Member,  Rule-License,  Uniformly 
Multiformity;  absence  of  rule,  Skill-Unskilh  i 
ness;  as  a  rule,  Habit-Desuetude;  by  rule,  (Ji>v- 
ventionality-Unconventionality;  golden  ruw, 
Precept;  obey  rules,  Conventionality-Unconven- 
tionality;  rule  of  three,  Numbering;  rule  of 
thumb,  Ratiocination-Instinct,  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness,  Trial,  Venture;  rule  with  a  rod  of  iron, 
Tyranny-Anarchy. 


RULE— LICENSE. 


Absoluteness.     Unlimited  power. 

Absolutism.     The  principle  of  absolute  power. 

Accession.     Induction  to  an  office  or  government. 

Administration.     The  act  of  administering  or  conducting  affairs. 

Authoritativeness.     The  state  of  being  authoritative,  or  of  command- 
ing credit  or  obedience. 

Authority.      Lawful  right  to  exercise  power  or  rule. 

Body  politic.     Collective  body  of  people  carrying  on  government. 

Chief dom.      Headship;  dominion. 

Command.      The  act  of  ordering  with  authority'. 

Commission.     The  granting  of  certain  powers  to  another  to  exercise. 
See  Commission. 

Control.     The  restraining  power. 

Credit.     The  influence  de  ived  from  character,  or  from  standing  in 
the  community. 

Despotism.     The  exercise  of  absolute,  unlimited  power. 

Dictation.     Arbitrary  commanding. 

.  Divine  right.      Exercise  of  authority  as  if  appointed  by  God. 
'Domination.      The  act  of  exercising  authority;  control. 

Dominion.      Supreme  authority  or  rule. 

Dynastic  rights.      The  rights  of  a  given  family  to  rule. 

Empery.     Sovereignty. 

Empire.     Supreme  control. 

Government.      The  act  of  governing  or  of  causing  to  obey  the  will  of. 
See  Management. 

Grasp.      Possession  taken  and  kept  by  force. 

Grip.     A  it  of  holding  fast,  of  controlling. 

Gripe.     A  very  firm  grip. 

Headship.      The  chief  place,  government. 

Heteronomy.     Subjection  of  a  community  to  the  state. 

Hold.      Power  of  keeping. 


Abdication.     A  voluntary  surrender  of  power. 

Anarchy.     Want  of  government ,  disorder. 

Brulum  fulmen  [L.].     A  harmless  stroke  of  lightning. 

Dead  letter.     A  law  that  exists  in  verbal  form,  but  is  not  enforced. 

Deposition.     A  deprivation  of  power. 

Dethronement.     A  driving  out  of  power. 

Freedom.     Absence  of  everything  that  impedes  the  exercise  of  one's 

will.     See  Libert^. 
Insubordination.     Refusal  to  submit  to  lawful  authority.     See  In- 
subordination. 
Interregnum.     Suspension  of  executive  authority  through  a  change 

of  government. 
Laxity.     The  state  of  being  lax,  remiss,  or  careless. 
Laxness.      Laxity. 
License.     Defiance  of  natural  restraints,  and  reckless  indulgence  of 

all  passions  or  desires. 
Licentiousness.     Wanton  license  of  action. 
Looseness.     Slackness  in  power  or  virtuous  restraint. 
Loosening.     Amaking  loose. 
Lynch-law.     The  infliction  of  punishment  without  a  trial  or  after 

trial  by  a  self-appointed  body  of  men. 
Misrule.     A  bad  rule  or  government. 
Nihilism.     The    doctrine    of    the    Nihilists,   a    secret   organization 

organized  for  the   destruction  of  political,  religious,  and  social 

institutions. 
Relaxation.     Abatement  of  severity. 

Remission.      Relaxation  of  authority ,  cessation  of  activity. 
Slackness.     Inattention  to  business;  looseness. 
Toleration.     Allowance    of    what    is    partially    disapproved.     See 

Harshness-Mildness. 
Usurpation.     Taking  possession  of  power  without  right. 


RULE. 


920 


RULE— LICENSE. 


Influence.     The  exercise  of  control  over  the  actions  of  others 

Installation.     The  act  of  inducting  into  an  office. 

Jurisdiction.     Lawful  power  to  exercise  official  authority. 

Lordship.     The  authority  of  a  lord. 

Masterdom.     The  state  of  being  master. 

Mastership.     The  control ;  supreme  power. 

Mastery.     The  superiority;  the  dominion. 

Palatine.     Ruler  of  a  palatinate. 

Pantisocracy.     A  government  of  all  by  all. 

Paternalism.  The  theory  of  government  after  the  manner  of  a 
father. 

Patronage.     A  fatherly  guardianship. 

Permission.     Consenting;  allowing.     See  Leave. 

Power.     The  right  of  holding  dominion  over. 

Preponderance.     An  outweighing  in  authority. 

Prerogative.     A  peculiar  power. 

Prestige.     Power  derived  from  past  accomplishments. 

Reach.     The  power  of  attainment;  extent  of  mental  activity. 

Right.     A  lawful  claim  to  anything.     See  Dueness. 

Rule.     Government;  control. 

Seigniority.     The  power  of  a  lord. 

Seigniory.     Seigniority. 

Sovereignty.     The  state  of  a  sovereign;  supreme  authority. 

Supremacy.     The  possession  of  highest  power. 

Suzerainty.     Authority  superior  to  another. 

Sway.  Amoving  backward  and  forward ;  hence ,  a  ruling;  a  control- 
ling. 

Rule — Nouns  of  Agency. 

Cabinet.  A  body  of  men  acting  as  advisers  and  administrating  the 
several  departments  of  government.     See  Council. 

Deputy.  One  delegated  to  exercise  specific  powers  for  another  or 
others. 

Dictator.     One  who  exercises  arbitrary  power. 

Director.     One  who  gives  orders,  or  controls. 

Judicature.     Power  of  administering  law.     See  Jurisdiction. 

Person  in  authority.     The  master,  the  ruler.     See  Chief. 

Posse  comitates  [L.].  A  body  of  men  deputized  by  the  sheriff  to 
assist  in  the  preservation  of  order. 

Proconsul.     An  ancient  Roman  ruler  of  subject  provinces. 

Protector.     One  who  defends;  a  guardian. 


RULE—  LICENSE— Continued. 


License — Verbs. 


Rule — Nouns  of  Result. 

Aristarchy.     Rule  by  best  men. 

Aristocracy.     Government  by  the  best. 

Autocracy.     Government  of  an  autocrat. 

Autonomy.     Self-government. 

Beadledom.     Petty  and  stupid  officialise. 

Bumbledom.     Pompous  authority. 

Bureaucracy.     Government  by  bureaus,  or  departments. 

Caliphate.     Government  by  a  caliph. 

Constitutional  government.     A  government  in  which  the  officers  are 

controlled  by  a  written  constitution. 
Constitutional  monarchy.     A  monarchy  administered  according  to 

the  provisions  of  a  constitution. 
Consulship.     The  authority  or  government  of  .a  consul. 
Demagogy.    The  practise  of  a  demagogue ,  ruling  by  popular  methods. 
Democracy.     Government  by  the  people. 
Dictatorship.     Government  by  a  dictator. 
Dinarchy.     Government  by  two  equal  rulers. 
Duarchy.     Government  by  two  persons. 

Duumvirate.     Government  exercised  by  two  officers  in  union. 
Dynasty.     A  series  of  sovereigns  who  govern  a  country,  all  belonging 

to  one  family. 
Electorate.    The  body  of  people  who  vote  in  an  election;  the  country 

ruled  by  an  elector. 
Empire.     An  extensive  tract  of  country  ruled  by  an  emperor. 
Feodality.     Condition  of  being  feudal. 
Feudalism.     The  system  by  which  lands  were  held  on  condition  of 

military  service. 
Feudal  system.     Feudalism . 
Gynaeocracy.l  ^  ■ 

Gynocracy.    f  Gynarchy. 
Gynarchy.     Government  by  women. 
Hegemony.     Leadership;  preponderant  authority. 
Heterarchy.     A  government  by  a  foreigner. 

Imperium  in  impcrio  f L.l     A  government  within  a  government. 
Kinghood.     The  state  of  being  a  king. 
Kingship.      Kindly  rank  or  dignity. 
Limited  monarchy.     A  monarchy  where  the  royal  prerogatives  are 

limited  by  a  constitution  or  otherwise-. 
Magistracy.      Rank,  state,  or  dignity  of  a  magistrate. 


Abdicate.     To  yield  up  voluntarily,  as  a  throne. 

Act  on  one's  own  responsibility.  , 

Act  without  authority.  j-To  do  without  legal  authority. 

Act  without  instructions.  J 

Be  lax.     To  exercise  no  power  over.     See  Adjectives. 

Depose.     To  remove  from  an  office,  etc. 

Dethrone.     To  deprive  of  a  throne. 

Gerrymander.     To  mark  off  the  voting  districts  so  that  the  map  of 

them  looks  like    a  salamander,  as  did  Gov.  Gerry   of  Massachu*/ 

setts. 
Give  a  loose  to.     To  give  free  vent  to. 
Give  rope  enough.)  „       _„•**        .     ■*,_ 
Give  the  reins  to.  J  To  permit  to  act  wlthout  restraint. 
Go  beyond  the  length  of  one's  tether.     To  go  beyond  one's  authority. 
Have  one's  fling.    ~| 

Have  one's  swing.  >To  act  without  restraint. 
Hold  a  loose  rein.  J 
Laisser  aller  [F.].     Let  it  go. 
Laisser  faire  [F.].     Let  it  be  as  it  will. 
Misrule.     To  rule  badly. 
Relax.     To  make  loose. 
Tolerate.     To  allow  what  one  disapproves. 
Usurp  authority.     To  seize  wrongfully  upon  authority. 

License — Adjectives. 

Adespotic.     Not  despotic. 

Anarchical.     Without  government;  confused. 

Lax.     Loose;  not  firm. 

Licensed.     Allowed  to  do  or  perform  with  authority. 

Loose.     Lax  in  power,  etc. 

Reinless.     Without  reins  or  checks. 

Relaxed.     Made  loose. 

Remiss.     Not  attending  to  one's  duties.     See  Carepulness-Car». 

lessness. 
Slack.     Loose ;  careless. 
Unauthorized.      Unsanctioned. 
Unbridled.     Without  a  bridle ;  without  checks. 
Weak.     Yielding  to  influence;  not  strong. 


RULE — Nouns  of  Result — Continued. 

Magistrature.     A  magistracy. 

Military  government.     A  government  conducted  by  military  officers. 

Military  power.     A  country  having  a  powerful  military  force. 

Mob-law.     Law  administered  by  the  mob;  irregula- law. 

Mobocracy.     Government  lawlessly  administered  by  the  mob. 

Monarchy.     A  government  by  a  single  person. 

Ochlocracy.     Government  by  the  mob. 

Oligarchy.     A  government  by  the  few. 

Pashawlic.     Jurisdiction  of  a  pasha. 

Petticoat  government.     A  government  by  the  women. 

Prefecture.     The  governmental  department  ruled  by  a  prefect. 

Presidency.     The  chief  executive  office  of  a  republic. 

Presidentship.     The  rank  or  dignity  of  a  president. 

Proconsulship.     The  position  of  a  proconsul. 

Protectorate.     Protection  imposed  by  a  larger  state  upon  a  smaller. 

Protectorship.     Government  under  a  protector. 

Regality.     A  sovereignty. 

Regime.     A  mannerbr  system  of  administration. 

Reign.     Dominion;  royal  power;  timeof  the  exercise  of  the  power. 

Republic.     A  government  in  which  the  people  rule. 

Republicanism.     The  system  or  principles  of  a  republican  form  of 

government. 
Royalty.     The  character  of  a  king;  royal  authority. 
Seneschalship.     The  rank  or  dignity  of  a  seneschal,  or  an  officer  who 

directed  feasts,  etc..  in  medieval  tines. 
Slavocracy.     The  slave-holding  people  as  a  political  power. 
Socialism.     Various  theories  for  the  reorganization  of  society  so  that 

individual  action  may  be  supplanted  and  cooperation  substituted. 
Stratocracy.     Military  despotism. 
Thearchy.     A  government  by  God. 
Triarchy.     A  government  by  three. 
Triumvirate.     A  coalition  of  three  men  to  exercise  sovereign  power 

jointly. 
Vox  populi  [L.].     Voice  of  the  people. 

Rule — Nouns  of  Place. 

Headquarters.      Place  where  sovereign  power  resides. 

Realm.     The  dominions  of  ruler  or  king. 

Seat  of  authority.     The  place  from  which  authority  emanate*. 


RULE. 


C21 


RULE. 


RULE — Nouns  op  Place — Continued. 


Seat  <rf  government.    The  place  where  the  governmental  business  has 
its  headquarters. 


State.     A  body  politic  exercising  jurisdiction  over  0  given  territory 
and  its  inhabitants. 


Rule — Figurative  Nouns. 


Clutches.  A  powerful  grip. 
Fangs.  Teeth  of  a  serpent. 
Iron  sway.     Rough,  despotic  rule. 


See  Harshness. 


Rod  of  empire.      Insignia  of  power.      [Gray,    Elegy  in  a  Country 

Churchyard.] 
Talons.     The  claws  of  a  bird. 


Rule — Verbs. 


J 


To  take  power  into  one's  hands. 
See  Nouns. 

See 


Administer.     To  carry  into  effect;  direct;  govern 

Ascend  the  throne.     To  begin  to  rule. 

Assume  authority. 

Assume  command. 

Assume  the  reins  of  government, 

Authorize.     To   confer  the   power  of  doing  upon;  deputize. 

Leave. 

Be  at  the  head  of.     To  be  the  ruler. 

Be  governed  by.     To  be  ruled  by. 

Be  in  an  office.     To  have  legal  authority. 

Be  in  the  power  of.\  ™        , 

«  r_T_j  f  To  rule  over. 

Be  master  of.  > 

Be  master  of  the  situation.     To  have  control  of. 

Bend  to  one's  will.      To  comply  with. 

Be  seated  on  the  throne.     To  possess  power. 

Carry  with  a  high  hand.     To  rule  despotically. 

Command.     To  bid  to  do  with  authority. 

Control.     To  have  an  influence  over;  direct. 

Dictate.     To  command  haughtily  and  arbitrarily.     See  Order. 

Dominate.     To  rule  over,  as  a  lord. 

Exercise  authority. 

Exert  authority. 

Fill  an  office.     To  exert  power. 

Gain  a  hold  upon.     To  be  able  to  exercise  some  influence  over, 

Get  the  upper  hand.     Get  the  best  of. 

Get  the  whip  hand.     To  obtain  control  of;  to  l>e  master  of. 

Give  the  law  to.     To  control  thought. 

Govern.     To  cause  to  obey  one's  will.     See  Management. 

Have  authority. 

Have  it  all  one's  way. 

Have  on  the  hip. 

Have  the  ball  at  one's  feet. 

Have  the  game  in  one's  own  hand. 

Have  the  upper  hand. 

Have  the  whip  hand. 

Have  under  one's  thumb. 

Hold  an  office.  "t 

Hold  a  post.        >  To  have  legal  authority  to  exercise  power. 

Hold  authority.) 


■  To  rule. 


To  exert  influence  or  power  over. 


Hold  in  hand.     To  exert  influence  over. 

Hold  one's  own.     To  maintain  one's  power. 

Keep  under.     To  hold  the  mastery. 

Lay  down  the  law.     To  assert  one's  authority. 

Lead.     To  guide ;  control. 

Lead  by  the  nose.     To  lead  as  one  wishes. 

Lord  it  over.     To  rule  despotically. 

Make  a  puppet  of.     To  subordinate. 

Mount  the  throne.     To  assume  power. 

Occupy  thetoone. }  To  have  kgal  authority  toexercise  powe.. 

Overawe.     To  check  by  superior  authority. 

Override.     To  ride  over;  treat  contemptuously. 

Overrule.     To  rule  over. 

Play  first  fiddle.     To  be  leader ;  be  conspicuous. 

Possess  authority.  \  ~  , 

Possess  the  throne  J  To  have  ^°weT- 

Preponderate.     To  outweigh  in  influence. 

Preside  over.     To  be  moderator  of ;  act  as  ruler  over  others 

Reign.     To  hold  the  power  of  sovereign. 

"Ride  the  whirlwind  and  direct  the  storm."       To  rule  supremely. 

[Addison,  The  Campaign.) 
Rule.     To  exercise  controlling  power. 
Rule  the  roost.     To  exert  authority. 
Rule  with  a  rod  of  iron.     To  rule  harshly. 
Set  the  fashion .     To  establish  the  rule . 
Sway.     To  swing  backwards  and  forwards;  to  rule. 
Sway  the  scepter.     To  rule. 
Take  the  command. 
Take  the  lead. 
Take  the  reins. 

Take  the  reins  into  one's  hand. 
Turn  round  one's  little  finger.     To  exercise  power  as  one  wishes. 
Warrant.     To  guarantee  the  authority,  credit,  or  authenticity  of 

See  Dueness. 
Wear  the  breeches.     To  rule ;  govern  in  a  family. 
Wear  the  crown.     To  be  the  ruler. 
Wield  authority.    I  T       . 
Wield  the  scepter.)  lonue- 


To  exercise  authority. 


Rule — A  djectives. 


Absolute.     Having  no  limitations;  unrestricted. 

Administrative.     Capable  of  carrying  into  effect. 

Arbitrary.     Acting  according  to  his  own  will,  despotic. 

Aristocratic.     Of  or  pertaining  to  an  aristocracy;  haughty. 

At  one's  command.     Under  one's  rule. 

At  the  head.     Ruling. 

Authoritative.     Having  authority;  exercising  power. 

Authorized.      Commanded;  sanctioned. 

Autocratic.      Characteristic  of  an  autocrat. 

Clothed  with  authority.     Invested  with  power. 

Compulsory,  Making  use  of  compulsion;  enforced.  See  Coer- 
cion. 

Dominant.     Exercising  chief  power;  predominant. 

Dynastic.     Pertaining  or  concerned  in  a  dynasty. 

Executive.     Carrying  into  effect ;  charged  with  execution. 

Ex  officio  [L.].     By  virtue  of  office. 

Feudal.  Relating  to  a  fee ,  founded  on  tenures  by  military  service- 
Gubernatorial.      Of  or  concerning  a  governor. 

Hegemonic.     Pertaining  to  a  hegemony  or  leadership. 

Hegemonical.      Same  as  hegemonic. 

Imperative.     Containing  a  demand;  positive. 

Imperatorial.      Pertaining  to  an  imperator;  commanding. 

Imperial.      Pertaining  to  an  emperor;  having  power. 

Imperious.  Having  qualities  and  attributes  of  an  emperor;  haughty; 
exclusive. 

Influential.      Having  influence;  controlling. 


In  one's  grasp.  I TT    .  ,        „.      .^ 

t«  rt«*»e  ™t™.  i  Under  ones  authority. 
In  one  s  power.  J  ■* 

In  the  ascendent.     Ruling. 

Kingly.     Like  a  king. 

Masterful.     Showing  mastery. 

Monarchical.     Pertaining  to  a  monarchy  regal;  imperial. 

Official.     Given  with  authority;  authoritative. 

Oligarchic.     Pertaining  to  a  government  in  the  hands  of  3,  few. 

Overruling.     Ruling  over;  predominating. 

Paramount.     Superior  to  all .  preeminent,  superior  in  authority. 

Peremptory.     Not  admitting  of  debate  or  question;  final  in  opinion; 

dogmatic. 
Predominant.     Superior  in  power. 
Preponderant.     Overcoming. 

Princely.      Having  the  qualities  of  a  prince.  t 

Regal.     Belonging  to  a  king  i  royal. 
Regnant.     Ruling. 
Republican.     Suitable  to  a  republic;  harmonious  to  the  principlefj 

of  a  republic. 
Royal.     Pertaining  to  a  king;  kingly. 
Royalist.     Favoring  monarchy. 

Ruling.     Exercising  authority;  governing.     See  Verbs. 
Sovereign.     Supreme  vi  power  or  authority  i      >erial. 
Stringent.     Exact  in  t&c  exercise  of  power;  severe. 
Supreme.     Highest  in  anything. 
Under  control. 


RULE — Adverbs,  etc. 


At  one's  pleasure.     As  one  wishes. 

By  a  dash  of  the  pen.        1D    ,,  .,      ..       ,        , 

«»     *u      *    1       t  *iT   L~.   f  By  the  authority  of  one  s  name. 

By  the  stroke  of  the  pen.  J 


By  the  authority  of.     In  virtue  of  power, 
De  par  le  roi  [F.|.     In  the  king's  name. 


RULE. 


922 


RUNT. 


RULE— Adverbs,  etc. — Continued. 
After  the  manner  of  one   speaking  from  a  seat 


Ex  cathedra   [L.J 

or  office . 

Ex  mero  tnotu  [L.].     From  his  own  free  will 
In  the  hands  of.     Under  one's  power. 


In  the  name  of.     By  one's  authority. 

In  virtue  of.     By  the  authority. 

Under  the  auspices  of.     Under  the  protection  ot  c 


Rule — Phrases. 


Coda  uno  tiene  su  alguazil  [Sp.].     Everybody  has  his  governor. 
Every  inch  a  king.     [Kin?  Lear,  IV.  iii.J 
Jus  divinum  [L.].     Divine  law. 
Jus  nocendi    [L.]. 

Uhomme    propose  et  Dieu  dispose  [F.].     Man    proposes    and  God 
disposes. 


Leroileveut  [F.].  The  king  wills  it. 
Licentia  vatum  [L.].  Poetic  license. 
Regibus  esse  manus,  an  tiescio  longas  [L.].     Do  you  not  know  tha* 

kings  have  far-reaching  hands  ? 
Regnant  populi  [L.].     The  people  rule.      [Motto  of  Arkansas.] 
The  gray  mare  the  better  horse. 


ru'-ler.     Sovereign.     Chief-Underling. 

ru'-ling.  Controlling.  Rule-License;  ruling  pas- 
sion, Affections,  Bigotry-Apostasy. 

rum.     Strange.     Society-Ludicrousness. 

rum'-ble.     To  rattle.     Crash-Drumming. 

ru'-mi-nate.  To  chew;  to  muse.  Mind-Imbecility, 
Reflection- Vacancy. 

ru"-mi-na'-tion.  Chewing  the  cud.  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

rum'-mage.     To  bustle.     Investigation-Answer. 

rum'-mer.     Drinking-glass.     Contents-Receiver. 

ru'-mor.     Report.     Publicity,  Tidings-Mystery. 

rump.     Buttocks.     Anteriority-Posteriority. 

rum-pie.  To  wrinkle.  Organization-Disorganiza- 
tion, Plicature,  Regularity- Irregularity, 
Smoothness-Roughness. 

rum'-pus.  Disturbance.  "Regularity-Irregular- 
ity, Turbulence-Calmness,  Variance-Accord. 

run.  Generality;  series;  motion;  to  flow;  to  smuggle. 
Discontinuance  -  Continuance,  Entrance  -  Exit, 
Habit -Desuetude,  Law -Lawlessness,  Lique- 
faction-Volatilization, Movement-Rest,  Occur- 
rence-Destiny, Period- Progress,  Quest- Eva- 
sion, Recurrence,  River-Wind,  Theft,  Univer- 
sality-Particularity; have  a  run,  Reputation- 
Discredit,  Society-Ludicrousness,  Traveling- 
Navigation;  have  run  of,  Liberty-Subjection;  he 
that  runs  may  read,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Mani- 
festation-Latency; near  run,  Remoteness-Near- 
ness; race  is  run,  Completion-Noncompletion; 
run  abreast,  Equality-Inequality;  run  a  chance, 
Likelihood-Unlikelihood,  Purpose-Luck;  run 
after,  Desire-Distaste,  Quest-Evasion,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit; run  against,  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Attack- Defense,  Cooperation -Opposi- 
tion, Impetus- Reaction;  run  amuck,  Attack- 
Defense,  Excitability- Inexcitability,  Life- 
Killing,  Turbulence-Calmness;  run  a  race,  Con- 
duct, Quest-Evasion,  Strife-Peace,  Swiftness- 
Slowness;  run  a  rig,  Entertainment-Weariness; 
run  a  risk,  Security-Insecurity;  run  at,  Attack- 
Defense;  run  a  tilt  at,  Attack-Defense,  Strife- 
Peace;  run  away,  Approach- Withdrawal,  Quest- 
Evasion,  Remedy-Bane;  run  away  with,  Taking- 
Restitution,  Theft;  run  away  with  a  notion,  Cred- 
ulousness  -  Skepticism,  Decision  -  Misjudgment; 
run  back,  Advance-Retrogression;  run  counter 
to,  Antagonism-Concurrence;  run  down,  Adula- 
tion -  Disparagement,  Approval  -  Disapproval, 
Attack -Defense,  Goodness -Badness,  Quest- 
Evasion;  run  dry,  Provision- Waste;  run  foul  of, 
Impetus-Reaction;  run  hard,  Difficulty-Facil- 
ity, Security-Insecurity,  Success-Failure;  run 
high,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness; run  in,  Environment-Interposition;  run  in 
a  race,  Action -Passiveness;  run  in  one's  head, 
Hypothesis,  Reflection-Vacancy,  Remembrance- 
Forgetfulness;  run  into.  Conversion-Reversion; 
run  into  danger,  Recklessness-Caution,  Security- 
Insecurity;     run   into   debt,   Affluence-Penurv 


Credit-Debt,  Loan-Borrowing;  run  its  course, 
Completion-Noncompletion,  Future-Past,  Pe- 
riod-Progress; run  like  mad,  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness; run  low,  Increase-Decrease;  run  mad,  Ex- 
citability-Inexcitability,  Excitation.  Saneness- 
Lunacy;  run  mad  after,  Desire-Distaste;  run  of 
luck,  Rationale-Luck,  Welfare-Misfortune;  run 
of  things,  Occurrence-Destiny;  run  on,  Discon- 
tinuance-Continuance ;  run  on  in  a  groove,  Habit- 
Desuetude;  run  out,  Beginning-End,  Entrance- 
Exit,  Future-Past,  Novelty-Antiquity,  Re- 
versal; run  out  on,  Terseness- Prolixity;  run 
over,  Account,  Digest,  Excess-Lack,  Heed-Dis- 
regard, Numbering;  run  parallel,  Cooperation- 
Opposition;  run  riot,  Activity-Passiveness,  Ex- 
cess-Lack, Gull-Hyperbole,  Insubordination- 
Obedience,  Moderation -Voluptuary,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness; run  rusty,  Readiness-Reluc- 
tance; run  smooth,  Difficulty-Facility,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune; run  the-  eye  over,  Education- 
Learning,  Sight-Blindness;  run  the  fingers  over, 
Touch;  run  the  gauntlet,  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Determination-Vacillation;  run  the  rig  upon, 
Regard-Disrespect;  run  through,  Dominance- 
Impotence,  Entrance-Exit,  Extravagance-Ava- 
rice, Life-Killing,  Outlay-Income,  Presence- 
Absence,  Uniformity-Diversity;  run  to  seed, 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Infancy-Age;  run 
to  waste,  Provision-Waste;  run  up,  Creation- 
Destruction,  Increase -Decrease,  Price -Dis- 
count; run  up  an  account,  Credit- Debt,  Price- 
Discount;  run  up  bills,  Credit-Debt,  Price-Dis- 
count, Settlement-Default;  run  upon,  Need; 
run  upon  a  bank,  Outlay-Income,  Settlement- 
Default;  run  wild,  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Turbulence-Calmness;  time  runs,  Duration- 
Neverness. 

run'-a-gate.  Deserterof  a  cause;  vagabond.  Bravery- 
Cowardice,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Insubordina- 
tion-Obedience, Quest-Evasion. 

run'-a-way".    Fugitive.    Quest-Evasion. 

run'-dle.  Rung;  something  rotating  on  its  own  axis. 
Circle-Winding,  Roundness. 

rund'-let.    Small  barrel.    Contents-Receiver. 

rune.  A  poem;  letter.  Devotion-Charm,  Poetry- 
Prose,  Writing-Printing. 

ru'-ner.    An  early  Gothic  bard.     Poetry-Prose. 

rung.    Step  of  a  ladder.    Suspension-Support. 

ru'-nic.    Inscribed  with  runes.    Writing-Printing. 

run'-nel.     Rivulet.     River-Wind. 

run'-ner.  Messenger.  Messenger,  Wayfarer-Sea- 
farer. 

run'-ning.  Continuous.  Continuity-Interruption; 
running  account,  Accounts;  running  commentary, 
Essay;  running  fight,  Strife-Peace;  running  hand, 
Writing-Printing;  running  over,  Excess-Lack; 
running  water,  River- Wind;  the  mind  running  upon, 
Reflection-Vacancy;  the  mind  running  upon  other 
things,  Heed-Disregard. 

runt.     Dwarf.     Greatness-Littleness. 


RUPEE. 


923 


RYOT. 


ru-pee'.     Coin.     Values. 

rup'-ture.  The  act  of  bursting;  disagreement.  Union- 
Disunion,  Variance-Accord. 

ru'-ral.  Pertaining  to  the  country.  Country,  Do- 
mestication-Agriculture,  Dweller-Habitation. 

ru'-ral-ist.     A  rustic.     Sociability-Privacy. 

ruse.     Trick.     Craft-Artlessness. 

rush.  Crowd;  haste;  pressure;  herb.  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Fauna-Flora,  Gathering-Scat- 
tering, Hurry-Leisure,  River-Wind,  Swiftness- 
Slowness,  Turbulence-Calmness;  make  a  rush  at, 
Attack-Defense;  rush  in  medias  res,  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation; rush  into  print,  Writing-Print- 
ing; rush  on  destruction,  Recklessness^Caution; 
rush  to  a  conclusion,  Credulousness-Skepticism, 
Decision-Misjudgment;  rush  upon,  Quest-Evasion. 

rus  in  urbe  [L.]  (rus  in  ur'-bi).  The  country  in  the  city. 
Dweller-Habitation,  Sociability-Privacy. 

rush'-light".  Kind  of  candle.  Dimness,  Luminary- 
Shade. 

rusk.  A  kind  of  light,  sweetened  bread.  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

Russe,  montagne  [F.]  (rus,  mon'-tany').  Russian  moun- 
tain.   Entertainment-Weariness. 

rus'-set.  Reddish.  Gray-Brown,  Redness-Green- 
ness. 

Rus'-sian.  Pertaining  to  Russia.  Russian  Bear,  Pa- 
triotism-Treason. 

Rus'-sian  bath.    A  kind  of  bath.    Oven-Refrigerator. 

rust.  A  coating;  to  be  diseased;  to  become  dull.  Ac- 
tivity- Indolence,  Betterment  -  Deterioration, 
Chemistry,  Redness-Greenness,  Remedy-Bane; 
moth  and  rust,  Betterment-Deterioration;  rust  of 
antiquity,  Novelty-Antiquity. 


rus'-tic.  Rural.  Country,  Domestication-Agricul- 
ture, Dweller-Habitation,  Gentility-Common- 
alty, Taste-Vulgarity. 

rus'-ti-cate.  To  send  into  the  country;  to  suspend. 
Recompense-Punition,  Sociability-Privacy 

rus"-ti-ca'-tion.  Act  of  rusticating.  Sociability-Pri- 
vacy. 

rus-tic'-i-ty.  Awkwardness.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness, Taste-Vulgarity. 

rusiicus  expeclat  dum  defluat  amnis  [L.]  (rus'-ti-cus 
ex-pec'-tat  dum  def'-lu-at  am'-nis).  The  country- 
man waits  while  the  river  flows  away.     Sanguine- 

NESS-HOPELESSNESS. 

rust'-i-ness.  State  of  being  rusty.  Activity-Indo- 
lence. 

rus'-tle.    To  sound.     Resonance-Nonresonance. 

rust'-y.  Covered  with  rust;  decayed;  dull;  unskilful; 
surly.  Activity-Indolence,  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Cleanness-Filthiness,  Favorite-Mo- 
roseness,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  run  rusty,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance. 

rut.    Furrow,  habit.     Groove,  Habit-Desuetude. 

ruth.     Compassion.     Compassion-Ruthlessness. 

ruth'-ful.    Sorrowful.    Compassion-Ruthlessness. 

ruth'-less.  Unpitying.  Charitableness -Malevo- 
lence, Compassion-Ruthlessness,  Pardon-Vin- 
dictiveness. 

ruth'-less-ness.     Want  of  compassion.      Pardon-Vin- 

DICTIVENESS. 

ru'-ti-lant.    Glittering.    Light-Darkness. 
rut'-tish.    Lustful.    Purity-Impurity. 
ry'-ot.     Peasant.    Chief-Underling,  Gentility-Com- 
monalty, Holder. 


SABAOTH. 


924 


SAGACITY. 


Sab'-a-oth.     Armies.     Belligerent. 

Sab"-ba-ta'-ri-an.  A  Christian  who  observes  Sunday 
with  strictness.  Austerity,  Ceremonial,  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness. 

Sab"-ba-ta'-ri-an-ism.  Doctrines  of  the  Sabbatarians. 
Godliness-Ungodliness. 

Sab'-bath.  The  seventh  day  of  the  week.  Ceremo- 
nial, Toil-Relaxation. 

Sab'-bath-break"-er.  One  who  profanes  the  Sabbath. 
Godliness-Ungodliness. 

Sab'-ba-tism.  The  keeping  of  the  Sabbath.  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness. 

Sa-bel'-li-an-ism.  The  doctrine  of  a  modal  Trinity. 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

Sa'-bi-an.  One  of  an  ancient  Persian  sect.  Devotion- 
Idolatry,  Ort'Odoxy-Heterodoxy. 

Sa'-bi-an-isni.  Worship  pe:r.!iar  to  the  Sabians.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

saber  que  habcr,  mds  vale  [Sp.]  (sa-ber'  ke  a-ber',  mas 
vol  -6).  Wisdom  is  better  than  wealth.  Affluence- 
Penury,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

sa'-ber.    A  heavy  sword.    Life-Killing,  Weapon. 

sa'-ble.  Black,  mourning  color.  Dress-Undress, 
Whiteness-Blackness. 

sabreur  [F.]  (sa-brur').  A  slasher.  Belligerent, 
Life-Killing. 

sab'-u-lous.    Gritty,  like  sand.    Friability. 

sac.     A  cavity  or  pouch.     Contents-Receiver. 

sac"-cha-rif'-er-ous.  Producing  sugar.  Sweetness- 
Acidity. 

sac'-cha-rine.  Having  the  qualities  of  sugar.  Sweet- 
ness-Acidity. 

sac'-cu-lar.    Sac-shaped.    Contents-Receiver. 

sac'-cu-la"-te<!.    Pouched.    Contents-Receiver. 

sac'-cule.    A  little  sac.    Contents-Receiver. 

sac"-er-do'-tal.     Priestly.     Church. 

sac"-er-do'-tal-ism.  Character  or  methods  of  the  priest- 
hood.    Ceremonial. 

sach'-el.    A  small  hand-bag.    Contents-Receiver. 

sa'-chem.    An  Indian  chief.    Chief-Underling. 

sa"-chet\  A  small  bag  for  perfumed  powder.  Per- 
fume-Stench. 

sack.  A  bag;  to  plunder  or  pillage.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Gain-Loss,  Taking-Restitution,  Theft; 
give  the  sack  to,  Admission-Expulsion. 

sack'-age.     Pillage.     Theft. 

sack'-but.  A  musical  instrument.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

sack'-cloth".  Haircloth  worn  in  penance.  Sackcloth 
and  ashes,  Atonement,  Austerity,  Ceremonial, 
Jubilation-Lamentation. 

sac'-ra-ment.  A  rite  ordained  as  a  sign  of  spiritual 
grace.     Ceremonial. 

sac"-ra-men-ta'-ri-an.  One  who  regards  the  sacraments 
as  channels  of  divine  grace.  Orthodoxy-Heter- 
odoxy. 

sa-cra'-ri-um.    Thesanetuary  of  a  church.    Fane. 

sa'-cred.  Set  apart  to  religious  use.  Divinity,  God- 
liness-Ungodliness, Reputation-Discredit,  Rev- 
elation-Pseudorevelation. 

sa-crif'-ic-a-to-ry.     Offering  sacrifice.     Atonement. 

Bac'-ri-fice.  An  offering  to  God;  a  loss  incurred  in 
behalf  of  another;  a  victim;  to  give  up  as  an  offering 
or  tribute.     Atonement,   Creation-Destruction, 


Devotion-Idolatry,  Giving-Receiving  ;  at  any  sac- 
rifice, Determination-Vacillation;  fall  a  sacrifice, 
Pleasure-Pain;  make  a  sacrifice,  Unselfishness- 
Selfishness;  self-sacrifice,  Unselfishness-Selfish- 
ness. 

sac'-ri-ficed.  Lost  without  return.  Success-Fail- 
ure. 

sac"-ri-fi'-cial.  Pertaining  to  sacrifice.  Atone- 
ment. 

sac'-ri-lege.  Act  of  profaning  any  sacred  thing.  God- 
liness-Ungodliness. 

sac'-ris-tan.  An  officer  having  charge  of  the  sacred 
vessels  in  a  church.     Ministry-Laity. 

sae'-ris-ty.    A  vestry  in  a  church.    Fane. 

sa'-crum.     Bone.     Anatomy. 

sad.  Sorrowful;  unfortunate;  heavy;  firm;  of  dark 
color.  Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Gray-Brown, 
Lightheartldness-Dejection,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  sad  disap- 
pointment, Expectation-Disappointment;  sad  dog, 
Good  Man-Bad  Man;  sad  times,  Welfare-Misfor- 
tune; sad  work,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

sad'-den.  To  make  sad  or  mournful.  Lightiiearted- 
ness-Dejection,     Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

sad'der  and  wi'ser  man.  A  repentant  man.  Repent- 
ance-Obduracy. 

sad'-dle.  To  load;  a  seat  to  support  a  rider.  Suspen- 
sion-Support; in  the  saddle,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation;  saddle  on,  Addition  -  Subtrac- 
tion, Union- Disunion;  saddle  on  the  right 
horse,  Decision,  Right- Wrong,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness, Uprightness-Dishonesty;  saddle  on 
the  wrong  horse,  Truth-Error;  saddle  with,  Addi- 
tion-Subtraction, Duty-Dereliction,  Establish- 
ment-Removal, Justification -Charge,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help. 

sad'-dle-bags" .  Bags  connected  by  a  strap  and  slung 
over  an  animal's  back.  Contents-Recfiver,  Sus- 
pension-Support. 

Sad'-du-cee.  A  Jewish  sect.  Orthodoxy-Heter- 
odoxy. 

sad'-ly.    Sorrowfully.    Lightheartedness-Dejectiox. 

sad'-ness.  Sorrow.  Lightheartedness-  Dejection; 
in  sadness,  Assertion-Denial. 

safe.  Free  from  harm  or  danger;  a  strong  chest  for  keep- 
ing valuables.  Contents-Receiver,  Security-Inse- 
curity; on  the  safe  side,  Recklessness-Caution; 
safe  and  sound,  Conservation,  Health-Sickness, 
Security -Insecurity;  safe  -  conduct,  Instrumen- 
tality, Security- Insecurity;  safe  -  conscience, 
Duty-Dereliction,  Innocence-Guilt; safe-keeping, 
Conservation. 

safe'-guard".  Convoy.  Attack-Defense,  Refuge- 
Pitfall,  Security-Insecurity. 

safe'-ty.  Freedom  from  risk  or  danger.  Security-In- 
security; safety-lamp,  Chemistry;  safety-valve, 
Refuge-Pitfall. 

saf'-fron.    Orange  color.    Yellowness-Purple. 

sag.  To  bend  downward  in  the  middle.  Curvation- 
Rectilinearity,  Parallelism-Inclination. 

sa-ga'-cious.  Quick  and  shrewd  to  apprehend.  Pre- 
vision, Sagacity-Incapacity. 

sa-gac'-i-ty.  Readiness  and  accuracy  of  judgment 
Prevision   Sagacity-Incapacity. 


SAGACITY. 


925 


SAGACITY— INCAPACITY. 


SAG  ACITY— I NCAPACITY. 


Acumen.  Quickness  of  intellectual  apprehension,  insight,  or  dis- 
cernment. 

Acuteness,  etc.  Fine  and  penetrating  perception,  etc.  See  Adjec- 
tives. 

Aplomb  [F.].  Self-possession;  assurance  resulting  from  self-confi- 
dence. 

Ballast.  That  which  gives  stability  to  character  or  which  makes  the 
mind  equable. 

Caliber.     Degree  of  individual  capacity  or  power. 

Capacity.  Adequate  mental  power  to  receive,  understand,  endure, 
or  accomplish. 

Common  sense.     Practical  understanding;  sound  judgment. 

Compass  of  thought.     Limit  of  understanding. 

Comprehension .  The  act  or  power  Qf  grasping  ideas,  facts,  etc.,  with 
the  mind. 

Cunning,  etc.  Knowledge  coupled  with  manual  skill,  etc.  See 
Craft. 

Depth.     Profundity  of  thought  or  feeling. 

Discernment.     Mental  power  of  perceiving  or  discriminating. 

Discrimination,  etc.  The  act  or  power  of  distinguishing  or  discrimi- 
nating, etc.     See  Differentiation. 

Due  sense  of.     Adequate  appreciation  of. 

Enlarged  views.     Increased  intellectual  perception. 

Enlargement  of  mind.     Increased  power  to  think,  feel,  or  will. 

Esprit  [F.].     Spirit;  wit. 

Foresight,  etc.     Prudence,  etc.     See  Prevision. 

Geist  [G.[J.     Spirit;  mind. 

Genius.  Exalted  intellectual  power,  marked  by  an  extraordinary 
faculty  for  original  creation,  expression,  or  achievement. 

Good  judgment.     Good  sense. 

Good  sense.     Normal  power  of  mind  or  understanding. 

Grasp  of  intellect.     Power  of  comprehension. 

Gumption.     Ready  perception,  quick- wit tedness. 

Inspiration.  The  inbreathing  or  imparting  of  an  idea,  emotion,  or 
influence ;  lofty  thought,  emotion,  or  creative  power. 

Intellect,  etc.     See  Mind. 

Intelligence,  The  act  or  state  of  knowing;  readiness  of  compre- 
hension. 

Judgment.     The  faculty  of  judging  or  deciding  correctly. 

Mother  wit.     Inherent  or  natural  wit. 

Nous.  Reason  as  repetition  of  the  divine  activity,  the  life  of 
intellect  understanding  and  talent:  sometimes  used  humorously. 

Parts.     Faculties;  talents. 

Penetration.     Acuteness;  discernment. 

Perspicacity.     Mental  discernment  or  penetration. 

Perspicacy.     Perspicacity. 

Plain  sense.     Simple,  ordinary  intelligence  or  judgment. 

Profundity.     Depth  of  thought. 

Prudence,  etc.  Good  judgment  in  practical  affairs,  etc.  See  Reck- 
lbssness-Caution. 

Quick  parts.     Talents. 

Rationality.     Reasoning  power. 

Reach  of  thought.     Depth  of  thought. 

Reason.  The  entire  mental  or  rational  nature  of  man  as  distin- 
guished from  the  intelligence  of  the  brute. 

Reasonableness,  etc.  The  quality  of  being  reasonable,  or  of  having 
the  faculty  of  reason,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Refinement,  etc.     Fineness  or  delicacy  of  thought,  etc.     See  Taste. 

Sagacity.     Ready  and  accurate  discernment  and  judgment. 

Sapience.     Wisdom  or  knowledge. 

Self-possession.  Full  possession  or  control  of  one's  powers  or  fac- 
ulties, presence  of  mind. 

Sense.  Normal  power  of  mind  or  understanding  sound  or  natural 
judgment. 

Sobriety.     Calmness;  gravity;  seriousness,  coolness. 

Solidity.     Soundness    strength,  validity. 

Subtlety.     Intellectual  acuteness,  sagacity,  or  insight. 

Tact,  etc.  Intuitive  appreciation  of  what  is  right,  proper,  or  fit  in 
any  given  case.  etc.     See  Skill. 

Talent,  etc.  Superior  mental  endowments  or  capacities,  mental 
ability  in  general,  as  a  loan  on  which  interest  is  to  be  paid. 
[Matthew  xxv,  ig.]     See  Skill. 

Understanding.  The  faculty  by  which  one  understands,  in  general, 
the  sum  of  the  mental  powers  by  which  knowledge  is  acquired, 
retained,  and  extended. 

Vigilance,  etc.     Alertness,  etc.     See  Carefulness. 

Wisdom.     Knowledge,  and  the  capacity  to  make  due  use  ot  it. 

Wit.     Mind;  intellect,  sense. 

Sagacity — Denotations. 

A  bright  thought.     A  thought  showing  quick  intelligence. 

Hot  a  bad  idea.     An  idea  or  plan  from  an  acute  or  active  mind. 


Act  of  folly,  etc.     An  act  showing  deficiency  of  understanding.     See 

Skill-Unskilfulness. 
Anility.     Old-womanishness;  dotage. 
Apartments  to  let.     Want  of  intellect  or  knowledge;    emptiness  of 

mind.     [An  advertising  card  for  a  fool's  forehead.] 
Babyhood.     The  state  of  infancy;  incapacity. 
Bias,    etc.       Prejudice;    partiality,  etc.       See    Decision-Misjudg- 

MENT. 

Clouded  perception.     Darkened  or  obscured  power  of  discerning  01 
understanding. 

Conceit.     Self- flattering  opinion. 

Dotage.     Feebleness  of  mind,  due  to  old  age. 

Driveling.     Senseless  talk;  twaddle. 

Dull  understanding.     Slowness  of  perception  or  thought;  stupidity. 

Eccentricity,  etc.     Deviation  from  the  customary  line  of  conduct, 
oddity,  etc.     See  Saneness-Lunacy. 

Extravagance,  etc.     Prodigality  of  expression  or  imagination,  etc. 
See  Adage-Nonsense. 

Fatuity.     Imbecility;  idiocy. 

Folly.     The  state  of  being  foolish. 

Foolishness,  etc.     The  character  or  quality  of  being  foolish,  etc. 
See  Adjectives. 

Frivolity.     The  quality  or  condition  of  being  frivolous;  triviality. 

Giddiness,  etc      Foolish  levity  or  imprudence,  etc.     See  Heed-Dis- 
regard. 

Hebetude.     Stupidity. 

Idiocy.     Absence  of  sense  and  intellect. 

Idiotism.     Lack  of  knowledge  or  mental  capacity. 

Imbecility.     Weakness  or  feebleness  of  mind. 

Incapacity.     Lack  of  intellectual  power. 

Incompetence,  etc.  Want  of  intellectual  ability,  etc.  See  Skill- 
Unskilfulness. 

Inconsistency.     Want  of  stability;  change  able  ness. 

Ineptitude.     Absurdity;  nonsense. 

Infatuation,  etc.     Folly,  etc.     See  Saneness-Lunacy. 

Irrationality.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  void  of  reason  or  foolish. 

Lip-wisdom.  Wise  talk  without  practise,  or  unsupported  by  ex- 
perience. 

Meanest  capacity.     Extreme  poverty  of  mental  power. 

Nugacity.     Trifling  talk  or  behavior. 

One's  weak  side.  The  side  or  aspect  of  a  person's  character  or  dis- 
position by  which  he  is  most  easily  affected  or  influenced. 

Poor  head.     Slowness  of  perception  or  understanding. 

Poverty  of  intellect.     Want  of  intellect. 

Puerility.     The  state  of  being  childish  or  silly. 

Rashness,  etc.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  rash  or  reckless,  eta 
See  Recklessness. 

Second  childishness.     Anility;  weakness  of  intellect. 

Shallowness.     Quality  of  being  not  intellectually  deep. 
•Short-sightedness.     Quality  of  being  of  limited  intellect,  heedless- 
ness. 

Silliness.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  weak  of  intellect;  folly, 
stupidity 

Simplicity.     Weakness  of  intellect,  silliness. 

Sophistry,  etc.  Fallacious  reasoning,  etc.  See  Ratiocination- 
Casuistry. 

Stolidity.     Dulness  of  intellect;  stupidity. 

Stupidity.     Extreme  dulness  of  perception  or  understanding. 

Trifling.     Triviality,  frivolity. 

Vacancy  of  mind.     Emptiness  of  mind. 

Want  of  intellect,  etc.  Absence  of  the  power  of  perception  or 
thought.     See  Mind. 

Want  of  intelligence  etc.  Absence  of  ability  to  understand.  Se* 
Sagacity. 

Incapacity — Verbs, 

Be  imbecile,  etc.     Be  mentally  impotent,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Dote.  Lavish  extravagance  or  foolish  fondness;  be  in  one*« 
dotage. 

Drivel.     Be  weak  or  silly  in  talk  or  conduct. 

Have  no  brains.     Want  intelligence. 

Have  no  sense,  etc.     See  Sagacity. 

Not  see  an  inch  beyond  one's  nose.     Be  dull  of  intellect;  be  stupid. 

Play  the  fool.     Be  foolish. 

Play  the  monkey.     Act  grotesquely. 

Radoter  [F.J.     Talk  stuff  or  nonsense. 

Ramble,  etc.     Act  or  talk  aimlessly,  etc.     See  Saneness-Lunacy. 

Stultify  oneself,  etc.  Make  a  fool  of  oneself,  etc.  See  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness. 

Take  leave  of  one's  senses.     Act  or  talk  senselessly 

Talk  nonsense,  etc.     To  talk  without  sense.     See  Adage-Nonsense 

Trifle.     Dally;  tov. 


SAGACITY. 


926 


SAGACITY— INCAPACITY. 


SAGACITY— I N  CA  PAC  \1Y —Continued. 


Sagacity— •Figurative  Nouns 

Brains.     The  intelligence  or  mental  power  of  which  the  brain  is  held 

to  be  the  seat. 
Eagle  eye.       \  v  . 

Eagle  glance  J  Keen  V0WeT  of  apprehension. 
Eye  of  a  hawk.1  „  .  _ 

Eye  of  a  lynx     J  Keen  mental  perception. 

Fir*  of  genius.     Liveliness  or  intensity  of  thought  or  action. 

Head.     Understanding. 

Head-piece.     The  head;  hence,  the  wits. 

Heaven-born  genius       Natural  capacity  independent  of  tuition  and 

training. 
Long  head       Shrewdness. 
Soul       Reason. 
Upper  story.      The  head;  hence  the  intellect. 

Sagacity — Verbs. 

Be  intelligent,  etc.  Be  distinguished  or  marked  by  intelligence,  etc. 
See  Adjectives. 

Catch  an  idea      Understand  an  idea  or  thought. 

Discern,  etc.     Perceive;  see  as  distinct ;  recognize,  etc.     See  Sight, 

Discriminate.  Note  the  differences  between;  differentiate;  dis- 
tinguish 

Foresee,  etc.     Discern  beforehand,  etc.     See  Prevision. 

Have  one's  wits  about  one.     Have  one's  mental  faculties  active. 

Know  what's  what,  etc.     Be  intelligent,  etc.     See  Skill. 

Listen  to  reason.     Be  reasonable  or  sensible. 

Penetrate.      Pierce  to  the  meaning  of;  discern. 

See  at  a  glance.     Detect  instantly. 

See  far  into.     Understand;  comprehend. 

See  through.     Understand. 

See  through  a  millstone.     See  through  a  difficult  matter. 

See  with  half  an  eye.     See  through  at  a  careless  glance. 

Take  a  hint.     To  be  able  to  act  upon  the  slightest  suggestion. 

Take  a  joke.  To  recognize  the  intended  playfulness  of  words  or 
actions. 

Take  an  idea.  To  grasp  the  meaning  of  words  or  the  object  of 
actions,  etc. 

Understand,  etc.  Take  in  cr  make  out  the  meaning  of;  comprehend, 
etc.     See  Clearness. 

Sagacity — A  dfectives. 

Abnormis  sapiens  [L.].     Abnormally  wise. 

Acuminous.     Sharp  in  intellect. 

Acute,  etc.     Having  fine  and  penetrating  discernment,  etc.     See 

Activity. 
Alive.     Sensitive  to;  easily  impressed. 
Alive  to, etc.     Susceptible  to,  etc.     See  Knowledge. 
Arch,  etc.     Cunning  or  sly,  etc.     See  Craft. 
Argute.     Sagacious;  subtle;  shrewd. 
Astute.     Critically  discerning;  sagacious. 
Awake.     In  a  state  of  action  or  vigilance. 

Bright.     Possessing  or  showing  quick  intelligence ;  quick-witted. 
Calculating.     Given  to  contrivance  or  forethought. 
Canny.     Shrewd;  prudent. 

Clear-eyed.     Seeing  clearly ;  having  a  clear  mental  vision. 
Clear-headed.     Having  a  clear  understanding;  intelligent. 
Clear-sighted.     Discerning. 
Clear-witted.     Understanding;  intelligent. 
Clever,  etc.     Possessing  quickness  of  intellect;    expert    etc.     See 

Skill. 
Considerate.     Thoughtful;  reflective. 
Cool.     Self-controlled;  self-possessed. 
Cool-headed.     Not  easily  excited;  free  from  passion. 
Deep.     Of  penetrating  intellect ;  sagacious. 
Discerning.     Acute;  shrewd. 
Equitable.     Characterized  by  fairness. 
Expedient,  etc.     Tending  to  promote  a  proposed  object,  etc.     See 

Propriety. 
Fair.     Characterized  by  frankness  honesty,  candor,  or  impartiality. 
Far-sighted  etc.     Of  good  judgment  regarding  the  remote  effects  of 

actions;  sagacious,  etc.     See  Prevision. 
Fox-like.     Cunning;  artful. 

Hard-headed.     Having  sound  judgment;  shrewd. 
Heaven-born.     Born  with  one. 
Heaven-directed       Directed  by  divine  power. 
Impartial.     Unbiased",  fair. 
In  advance  of  one's  age.     Far-sighted. 
In  one's  right  mind      Sane. 

Intelligent.  Distinguished  for  intelligence;  discerning. 
Judicious  Proceeding  with  discretion;  wise;  prudent. 
Keen       Acute  of  mind;  penetrating. 


Incapacity — Adjectives. 
Addle-headed.)  »»  «,     ...    ,  

Addle-pated.    I  Dull-witted;  stupid;  with  bram  like  an  addled  egg: 

Anile.     Old-womanish;  imbecile. 

Apish.     Apelike;  silly. 

Asinine.     Like  an  ass;  stupid;  obstinate. 

Babbling.     Talking  idly. 

Babish.     Childish. 

Babyish.     Childish;  simple. 

Beef-headed.     Having  a  head  like  a  cow's;  stupid. 

Beef-witted.     Having  the  intelligence  of  a  cow. 

Beetle-headed.     Dull;  stupid. 

Bewildered,  etc.     Greatly  perplexed,  etc.     See  Certainty-Doubt. 

Bigoted,   etc.     Obstinately  and   blindly  attached  to  some  creed, 
opinion,  etc.     See  Bigotry. 

Blatant.     Noisy;  blustering 

Blockish.     Deficient  in  understanding;  stupid. 

Blunder-headed.     Blundering;  stupid. 

Blunt.     Slow  of  wit;  dull. 

Blunt-witted.     Dull;  stupid. 

Boeotian.      Dull;  obtuse,  as  the  Athenians  esteemed  the  natives  of 
Baeotia  to  be. 

Boeotic.     Boeotian. 

Borne  [F.]      Narrow-minded. 

Bovine.     Sluggish;  dull,  asacow. 

Brainless.     Without  understanding. 

Childish.     Likeachild;  puerile. 

Childlike.     Likeachild. 

Clod-pated.     Stupid;  dull. 

Dim-sighted.     Lacking  clear  perception. 

Doltish.     Stupid;  dull. 

Driveling.     Silly;  weak;  speaking  twaddle. 

Dull.     Slow  of  perception;  sluggish. 

Dull  as  a  beetle.     Figurative  degree  of  dulness. 

Dull-brained.     Stupid;  doltish. 

Dull-witted.     Stupid. 

Eccentric,  etc.     Peculiar;  erratic,  etc.     See  Saneness-Lunacy. 

Extravagant,  etc.     Immoderate,  fantastic,  etc.     See   Adage-Non- 
sense. 

Fat-headed.     Dull  of  apprehension. 

Fatuous.     Feeble  in  mind;  weak;  silly;  stupid. 

Fat-witted.     Dull;  stupid. 

Feather-brained.     Weak;  giddy 

Feeble-minded.     "Weak  in  intellectual  power. 

Foolish.     Wanting  in  judgment. 

Frivolous,   etc.     Trivial;  silly,   etc.     See   Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance. 
Giddy,  etc.     Characterized   by  foolish   levity  or  imprudence,  etc 

See  Heed-Disregard. 
Gross-headed.     Thick-skulled;  stupid. 
Half-witted.     Weak  in  intellect;  silly. 
Having  no  head,  etc.     Set  sub  Sagacity. 
Heavy.     Sluggish  of  mind. 
Idiotic.     Like  an  idiot,  imbecile. 
Idle.     Slothful;  sluggish. 
Ill-advised.     Injudicious: 
Ill-devised.     Not  well  planned. 
Ill-imagined.     Not  well  imagined. 
Ill-judged.     Injudicious,  foolish. 
Imbecile      Having  feeble  mental  faculties. 
Improper.     Not  proper  or  right  under  the  circumstances. 
Inapprehensible.     Unintelligible. 

Inapt,  etc.     Unsuitable,  etc.     See  Skill-Unskilfulness. 
Inconsistent      Incongruous ;  contradictory. 
Inept.     Silly;  useless;  absurd. 

Inexpedient,  etc.     Unwise;  inadvisable;  indiscreet,  etc.     See  Pro- 
priety Impropriety. 
Infantile.  \  nu .. ,.  , 
Infantine  J  Ch,Id,sh- 

Injudicious.     Wanting  in  sound  judgment;  indiscreet. 
Insensate.     Destitute  of  sense;  stupid. 
Insulse.     Insipid;  dull,  stupid. 
Irrational.     Not  according  to  reason :  absurd. 
Lack-brained.     Deficient  in  understanding,  witless 
Lean-witted.     Having  little  sense. 
Maggoty-headed.     Capricious. 

Mindless.     Not  imbued  with  intellectual  powers;  unthinking. 
Muddle-headed.     Stupid. 
Muddy-headed.     Dull;  stupid. 
Narrow-minded,     etc.     Illiberal;  mean,     etc.     See     Decision-Mis* 

judgment. 
Nonsensical,     Without  sense;  absurd;  foolish. 
Not  bright,  etc.     Dull  of  intellect.     See  Sagacity. 


SAGACITY. 


927 


SAGE— FOOL. 


SAGACITY— INCAPACITY  -Continued. 


SAGACITY — Adjectives — Continued. 

Keen-eyed.     Having  a  Veen  mental  vision. 

Keen-sighted.     Discerning. 

Keen-witted.     Intelligent;  sharp. 

Long-headed.     Having  unusual  sagacity. 

Long-sighted.     Having  great  foresight. 

Needle-wit  ted.     Sharp-witted. 

Nimble-witted.     Quick  to  discern. 

Of  unwarped  judgment.     Impartial. 

Oracular.      Authoritative;  dogmatical. 

Pas  si  bete  j  F.].     Not  such  a  fool. 

Penetrating.     Acute;  discerning;  sagacious. 

Perspicacious.     Of  acute  discernment. 

Piercing.     Penetrating;  keen. 

Politic.     Sagacious  in  promoting  a  policy;  discreet. 

Profound.     Deep  intellectually. 

Provident,  etc.     Prudent  in  preparing  for  future  exigencies,  etc.    See 

Preparation. 
Prudent,  etc.     Practically  wise;  discreet,  etc.     See  Recklessness- 

CAuriON. 
Quick.     Animated;  ready;  brisk. 
Quick-eyed.     Quick  to  discern. 
Quick  of  apprehension.     Of  an  active  mind. 
Quick-sighted.     Having  acute  discernment. 
Quick-witted.     Having  ready  wit. 
Rational.     Endowed  with  reason;  judicious. 
Reasonable.     Governed  by  reason;  agreeable  to  reason. 
Reflecting.     Contemplative. 

Sagacious.     Of  keen  penetration  and  judgment ;  shrewd ;  far-sighted. 
Sage.     Prudent;  grave;  sagacious. 
Sapient.     Wise ;  discerning. 

Sensible.     Possessing  sense  or  reason;  intelligent. 
Sharp.     Marked  by  keenness  of  perception  or  discernment. 
Sharp  as  a  needle.     Very  keen  of  intellect. 
Sharp-eyed,      j  Having  acute  perception  or  discernment. 

Sharp-witted.     Having  a  nicely  discerning  mind. 

Shrewd.     Astute;  sharp-witted. 

Sober.     Self-possessed;  staid. 

Solid.     Manifesting  strength  and  firmness. 

Sound.     Having  all  the  faculties  complete  and  in  normal  action  or 

relation. 
Staid.     Of  a  steady  and  sober  character. 
Strong-headed.     Having  strength  of  mind. 
Strong-minded.     Having  a  firm  and  vigorous  intellect. 
Thoughtful.     Given  to  thought;  meditative. 
Unoiased.     Impartial. 
Unbigoted.     Unprejudiced;  tolerant. 
Undnzzled.     Unconfused. 
Unperplexed.     Free  from  perplexity. 
Unprejudiced.     Free  from  prejudice. 
Unprepossessed.     Free  from  prepossession. 
Watchful,  etc.     Circumspect;  observant,  etc.     See  Carepui.nbss. 

Well-advised.  I  »,^_«« . 

WelHudged.  >  Intelheent- 

Wide-awake.     Keen;  alert. 

Wise.     Having  knowledge;  prudent. 

Wise  as  a  serpent.     [Biblical.]"! 

Wise  as  Solomon.     [Hebrew.]  V  Degrees  of  wisdom. 

Wise  as  Solon      [Greek.]  ) 

Wise  in  one's  generation     Wise  in  comparison  with  others.    [Seneca, 

Claudius  I»i  ] 

Sagacity — Phrases. 

Aut  regent  aut  fatuum  nasci  oportet    [L.].     It  behooves  one  to  be 

born  either  a  king  or  a  fool. 
Flosculi  sententiarum  [L.].     Flowerets  of  wisdom. 

sag'-a-more.      An    Indian   chief.      Chief-Underling, 

President-Member. 
sage.     A  wise  man;  wise  and  prudent.     Sagacitv-In- 


INCAPACITY— Adjectives— Continued. 

Obtuse.     Dull  intellectually;  stupid. 

Pig-headed.     Stur/tfy  obstinate. 

Prosaic.     Dull;  uninteresting. 

Puerile.     Boyish;  childish;  silly. 

Pu2zle-headed.     Having  the  head  full  of  confused  notions. 

Rash,  etc.     Overhasty  in  counsel  or  action,  etc.     See  Reckless 

NESS. 

Reasonless.     Destitute  of  reason;  unreasonable. 
Ridiculous.     Unworthy  of  consideration;  absurd  and  laughable 
Sappy.     Silly. 

Senseless.     Without  sense;  foolish. 
Shallow.     Lacking  intellectual  depth. 
Shallow-brained.     Weak  in  intellect;  foolish. 
Shallow-pate  d.     Shallow-brained. 

Short-sighted.     Unable  to  understand  things  deep-  of  limited  intel- 
lect. 
Short-witted.     Having  little  wit;  not  wise. 
Silly.     Destitute  of  ordinary  good  sense;  simple;  foolish. 
Simple,  etc.     Not  wise  or  clever,  etc.     See  Ckedulousness. 
Sleeveless.     Unreasonable;  profitless. 
Soit.     Somewhat  weak  in  intellect. 
Sottish.     Very  foolish  from  habitual  drunkenness. 
Spoony.     Weak-minded. 
Stolid.     Impassible,  dull,  or  stupid. 

Stupid.     Very  slow  of  apprehension  or  understanding;  dull-witted. 
Thick-skulled.     Stupid. 
Undiscerning.     Wanting  discernment. 
Unenlightened.     Lacking  knowledge  or  intelligence. 
Ungifted.     Being  without  native  gifts  or  endowments 
Unintellectual.     Without  intellect. 
Unintelligent.     Lacking  intelligence;  ignorant. 
Unphilosophical.     Not  rational;  unwise. 
Unreasonable.     Irrational;  not  agreeable  to  reason. 
Unreasoning.     Not  reasoning;  not  having  reasoning  faculties. 
Unteac liable.     Not  teachable;  indocile. 
Unwise.     Not  wise;  injudicious;  foolish. 
Useless,  etc.     Having,  or  being  of,  no  use,  etc.     See  Usefulness. 

USELESSNESS. 

Vacant.     Empty  of  thought;  stupid. 
Wanting.     Absent;  lacking;  soft. 
Weak.     Feeble  of  mind;  foolish. 
Weak-headed.     Not  possessing  intellectual  strength. 
Weak  in  the  upper  story.     Figurative  for  weak-headed. 
Weak-minded.     Feeble-minded;  foolish,  idiotic. 
Without  reason.     Lacking  the  faculty  of  reason. 
Witless.     Destitute  of  wit  or  understanding;  indiscreet. 

Incapacity — Phrases. 

Davus  sunt,  non  CBdi pus  [L.]      I  am  Davus,  not  CEdipus;  a  simple 

servant,  not  a  solver  of  sphinx's  puzzles. 
Malentendu  [F.B-     Ill-advised. 


SAGACITY — Phrases— Continued. 

Gnolhi  seauton  [Gr.].     Know  thyself.     [Inscription  on  the  temple  of 

Apollo  at  Delphi.] 
Les  affaires  font  Us  hommes   [F.].     Experience  of  affairs  makes  men. 
Mds  vale  saber  que  haber  [Sp.].      Wisdom  is  better  than  wealth. 
Mds  vale  ser  necio  que  porfiado  [Sp.].     Better  to  be  stupid  than 

stubborn. 
Nosce  te  [L.].     Know  thyself. 
Nullum  magnum  ingenium  sine  mixtura    dementia  fuit  [L.]       No 

great    genius    was   ever   born    without  a  mixture   of   madness. 

[Seneca  from  Aristotle.] 

capacity,  Sage-Fool,  Scholar-Dunce; sage  maxim, 

Adage-Nonsense. 


SAGE— FOOL. 


Authority.     One  from  whom  may  be  obtained  a  correct  opinion 

upon  a  given  subject 
Bigwig.     A  person  of  importance. 
Esprit  fort  [F.J.     A  freethinker. 
Expert,  etc.     One  having  special  skill.     See  Adept. 
Long -head.     A  man  of  keen  discernment;  astute  man. 
Luminary.     One  able  to  shed  light  upon  a  subject. 


Addlehead.     One  easily  muddled. 

Ass.     An  obstinate,  stupid  fellow. 

Babbler.     One  continually  saying  foolish  things. 

Baby.     A  man  of  babyish  thoughts. 

Badaud  [F.J.     A  saunterer;  a  booby 

Beetlehead.     Densely  stupid  man. 

Block.     A  man  of  slow,  thick  comprehension. 


SAGE— FOOL. 


023 


SAIL. 


SAGE— FOOL—  Continued. 


Magi.     The  learned  and  priestly  caste  of  the  Medes  and  Persians. 
Magnus  Apollo  [L.J.     Great  Apollo,  the  god  of  wisdom. 
Man  of  learning,  etc.     An  educated  person.     See  Scholar. 
Master-mind.     A  man  of  extraordinary  intellectual  ability. 
Master  spirit  of  the  age.     A  man  who  leads  in  thought  and  intellectual 

ability. 
N»stor.     The  wisest  of  the  Greek  chiefs  before  Troy;  an  adviser  or 

counselor. 
Oracle.     A  man  of  undoubted  wisdom. 
Sage.     A  venerable  man  of  broad  practical  wisdom. 
£econd  Daniel.     A  man  like  Daniel;  a  prudent,  sagacious  man. 
Shining  light.     A  man  of  brilliant  scholarship. 
Solomon.     The  wise  king  of  Israel. 
Solon.     An  ancient  lawgiver  of  Sparta;  one  of  the  seven  wise  men 

of  Greece. 
Thinker.     One  of  finely-educated  powers  of  thinking. 
Wiseacre.     One  who  affects  great  wisdom. 
Wise  man.     A  man  of  great  learning. 
Wizard.     One    supposed   to   have   secret   power.     See    Dbvotion- 

Magician. 

Sage — Adjectives. 

Emeritus.     Honorably  relieved  from  duty. 
Reverenced.     Regarded  with  profound  respect. 
Vene  able.     Exciting  reverential  feelings. 

Sage— Phrases. 

Barba  tenus  sapientes  [L.J.     Sage  as  far  as  the  beard. 
L'hypocrisie  est  un  hommage  que  U  vice  rend  a  la  vertu  [P.J.     Hypoc- 
risy is  a  homage  that  vice  pays  to  virtue. 


FOOL — -Continued  from  Column  2. 

Old  fogy.     An  old-fashioned  fellow. 

Old  woman.     A  weakling  or  coward. 

One  who  did  not  invent  gunpowder.     One  who  did  not  know  enough 

to  invent  gunpowder. 
One  who  will  not  set  the  Thames  on  fire.     A  person  who  will  not 

startle  the  world  with  his  intellectual  doings. 
Owl.     A  dull,  slow  person. 
Pretty  fellow.     A  contemptible  person. 
Put.     A  clownish  fellow 

Qui  nh  pas  invente"  la  poudre   [F.|J.      One  who  did  not  invent  powder. 
Radoteur  [F.J.     A  dotard. 
Sawney.     A  simpleton;    from  a  Scotch  proper  name.     [Alexander, 

Sandy.] 
Shallowbrain.     A  person  of  weak  intellect. 
Simpleton.     One  unable  to  learn. 
Sop.     A  person  easily  won  over  or  pacified. 
Sot.     A  person  foolish  from  drunkenness. 
Stick.     A  stiff,  stupid  person. 

Stock.     An  object  of  contempt  on  account  of  ignorance. 
Thickskull.     A  dull,  stupid  person. 
Tomfool.     An  idiot  or  silly  person. 
Tom-noddy.     A  weak-minded  person, 
Tony.     A  simpleton. 

Trifler.     One  who  trifles  and  knows  nothing  better. 
Un  sot  a  triple  itage  [F.J.     A  fool  to  the  third  power;  a  very  great 

fool. 
Wiseacre.     One  pretending  but  lacking  wisdom. 
Wise  men  of  Gotham.     Fools;  from  Gotham,  England ;  noted  for  its 

simplicity. 
Witling.  One  having  little  wit ;  a  pretender  to  wit. 

Zany.     A  clown;  a  fool. 

Fool — Phrases. 
Fortuna  favet  fatuis  [L.J.     Fortune  favors  fools. 
Les  fous  font  les  festins.et  les  sages  les  mangent  [F.J.     Fools  make 

feasts  and  wise  men  eat  them. 
Locos  y  niftos  dicen  la  verdad  [Sp.J       Children  and  fools  speak  the 

truth. 
Nomina  stultorum  parietibus  luvrent    [L.J.      Fools'  names  are  stuck 

on  house -walls. 


Blockhead.     A  dull-witted  or  Ftupid  person. 

Bull-calf  I  A  duU*  stupid  fellow* 

Bullhead.     A  thick-headed  person. 

Buzzard.     A  dull  coward. 

Calf.     An    effeminate    coward;  a  young    person    without    wit  01 

courage. 
Changeling.     A  child  left   by  fairies  in  exchange  for  a  good  child 

they  steal. 
Child.     A  man  of  childish  thoughts. 
Clod.     Dull,  stupid  fellow. 
Clodhopper.     An  awkward  fellow. 

ciodp^ne.*}Astup'dfellow- 

Clotpate.     A  clodpate. 

Clotpoll.     A  clodpolL. 

Crone.     An  old,  withered,  foolish  person,  generally  a  woman. 

Dizzard.     A  blockhead. 

Dolt.     A  stupid  person. 

Donkey.     Figuratively,  a  person  with  the  stupid  nature  of  an  ass. 

Doodle.     A  simple  idler. 

Dotard.  A  foolishly  fanciful  person,  on  account  of  age  or  extrava- 
gant affection. 

Driveler.     Idle  talker. 

Dullard.     A  dull  or  stupid  person. 

Dullhead.     One  slow  to  learn  or  perceive. 

Dunce,  etc.     An  ignorant,  ridiculous  person.     See  Scholar-Dunce. 

Dunderhead.)    ...     . ,       , 

Dunderpate.  i  A  blockhead. 

Fool.     One  lacking  common  sense  or  the  power  to  learn. 

Gaby.     One  who  gabs. 

Giddyhead.     A  foolish,  reckless  person. 

Gobemouche  [F.J.     A  simple,  credulous  person. 

Goose.     A  silly  creature. 

Goose-cap.     A  silly  person. 

Gowk.     An  awkward  fool. 

Greenhorn,  etc.     One  who  has  not  learned.     See  Gull, 

Grosshead.     A  thick-headed  person. 

Half-wit.     A  person  of  weak  mind. 

Hoddy-doddy.     A  foolish,  awkward  person. 

Hoodlum.     A  young  rowdy. 

Idiot.     One  who  lacks  the  power  of  knowing  and  learning. 

Imbecile.     One  of  feeble  mind. 

Infant.     One  knowing  no  more  than  an  infant. 

Innocent.     One  harmlessly  foolish. 

Jobbernowl.     A  blockhead. 

Jolterhead.  \  .    , 

Jolthead.     I  A  dunce. 

Lack-brain.)   .  -        ,      .    . 

Lack-wit.     >       Person  of  weak  mind. 

Loggerhead.     A  stupid  or  thick-headed  person. 

Looby.     Lubber. 

Loon.     A  dull,  stupid  person. 

Lout.     Awkward  fool. 

Lown.     A  loon. 

Lubber,  etc.     A  bungling,  ignorant  fellow.     See  Adept-Bungler. 

Madman,  etc.     A  person  who  is  insane.     See  Sanenbss-Mahiac. 

Men  of  Bceotia.  Foolish  people:  from  Boeotia,  Greece,  noted  fo» 
the  ignorance  of  its  inhabitants. 

Milksop.     A  soft,  silly  fellow. 

Moon-calf.     A  stupid  fellow. 

Natural  mats  [F.J.     A  born  fool. 

Nincompoop.     A  foolish  or  silly  person. 

Ninnyhammer.  }  A  foo,:sh  ^eTson- 

Nizy.     A  simpleton. 

No  conjurer.     A  person  not  of  the  strongest  wits. 

Noddy.     A  dunce ;  a  fool. 

Nonny.     A  ninny. 

Noodle.     A  stupid  or  silly  person. 

Numps.     A  blockhead. 

Numskull.     A  dunce. 

Oaf.     A  dolt  or  simpleton. 

{Continued on  Column  i.) 


Sag"-it-ta'-ri-us.     A  constellation.     Astronomy. 
sagMt-ta-ry.     A  centaur.     Conventionality-TJncon- 

VENTIONALITY. 

Sa-ha'-ra.    A  great  desert  in  Africa.     Fertility-Ster- 
ility. 
sa'-hib.    A  Moslem  title.    Gentility-Commonalty. 


said.  Previously  mentioned.  Antecedence -Se- 
quence. Precedence-Succession,  Recurrence;  It 
is  said,  Tidings-Mystery  ;  more  easily  said  than  done, 
Difficulty-Facility;  thou  hast  said,  Assent-Dis- 
sent. 

sail.    To  travel  by  water;  to  begin  a  voyage;  part  of  a 


SAIL. 


929 


SAME. 


ship.  Arrival-Departure,  Conveyance-Vessel, 
Traveling-Navigation;  easy  sail,  Turbulence- 
Calmness;  sail  before  the  wind,  Welfare-Misfor- 
tune; sail  near  the  wind,  Skill-Unskilfulness;. 
sail  too  near  the  wind,  Recklessness-Caution,  Se- 
curity-Insecurity; shorten  sail,  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness; take  in  sail,  Turbulence-Calmness;  take  the 
wind  out  of  one's  sails,  Obstruction-Help;  too  much 
sail,  Recklessness-Caution;  under  sail,  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

sail'-er.     A  vessel  that  sails.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

sail'-ing.  Setting  forth  on  a  voyage.  Traveling-Navi- 
gation; plain  sailing,  Difficulty-Facility;  sailing 
vessel,  Conveyance-Vessel. 

sail'-ma"-ker.    One  who  manufactures  sails.    Agent. 

sail'-or.  A  seaman.  Wayfarer-Seafarer;  fair  weather 
sailor,  Adept-Bungler. 

saint.  A  holy  or  godly  person;  holy.  Angel-Satan, 
Godliness- Ungodliness,  Good  Man  -  Bad  Man, 
Revelation-Pseudorevelation;  tutelary  saint,  Se- 
curity-Insecurity. 

Saint  El'mo's  fire.  A  globular  light,  sometimes  seen  at 
night  on  the  spar  of  a  ship.     Phenomenon. 

saint'-like".     Like  a  saint.     Godliness-Ungodliness. 

saint'-ly.  Like  a  saint.  Godliness-Ungodliness, 
Virtue- Vice. 

Saint  Mon'day.  Monday  of  Easter  week.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 

saint  sa  chandelle,  a  chaque  [F.]  (san-  sa  shcur-del', 
a  shak).  To  every  saint  his  candle.  Dueness-Un- 
dueness. 

sais  qiioi ,  je  ne  [F.]  (se  kwa,  zhe  ne).  I  know  not  what ; 
something  indefinite.     Word-Neology. 

sake.  Purpose  of  accomplishing  or  attaining.  For 
goodness'  sake,  Petition-Expostulation;  for  the 
sake  of,  Motive-Caprice,  Obstruction-Help. 

sa-laam'.  An  Oriental  salutation.  Politeness-Impo- 
liteness, Regard-Disrespect. 

sa'-la-ble.    Fit  to  be  sold.    Buying-Sale. 

sa-la'-cious.    Lustful.     Purity-Impurity. 

sa-lac'-i-ty.     Lustful  quality.    Purity-Impurity. 

sal'-ad.  A  vegetable  mixed  with  meats.  Mixture- 
Homogeneity;  salad  oil,  Pulpiness-Oil. 

sal'-a-man"-der.  A  lizard-like  reptile;  an  iron  poker. 
Oven-Refrigerator. 

sal'-a-ry.  Pay  or  wages.  Labor-Capital,  Recom- 
pense-Punition. 

sale.  Exchange  of  property  for  money  or  its  equiva- 
lent. Buying-Sale;  bill  of  sale,  Security;  for  sale, 
Buying-Sale,  Exchange,  Proffer-Refusal. 

sal"-e-bros'-i-ty.  Quality  of  being  uneven.  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness. 

sal'-e-brous.     Uneven.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

sales'-man.     One  who  sells  goods.     Dealer. 

sa'-li-ent.  Standing  out  prominently.  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Convexity-Concavity,  Manifes- 
tation-Latency, Sharpness-Bluntness;  salient 
angle,  Angularity;  salient  points,  Consequence- 
Insignificance. 

sa'-line.     Salty.     Pungency. 

sa-li'-va.       Spittle.       Friction-Lubrication,  Nutri- 

MEMT-EXCRETION. 

sal"-i-va'-tion.     Ptyalism.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

salle-a-tnanger  [F.]  (sal'-a-man-"-zhe') .  Dining-room. 
Contents-Receiver. 

sal'-low.  An  unhealthy  yellowish  color.  Color- 
Achromatism,  Yellowness-Purple. 

sal'-ly.  A  sudden  attack;  sudden  overflow  of  spirits. 
Arrival- Departure,  Attack- Defense,  Witti- 
ness-dulness. 

sal'-ly-port".  A  gate  or  passage  for  attacking  parties. 
Attack-Defense,  Entrance-Exit. 

sal"-ma-gun'-di.     A  dish  of  chopped  meat  with  dress- 
ing.    Mixture-Homogeneity. 
59 


salm'-on-col'-ored.  A  reddish  orange  color.  Redness- 
Greenness. 

sa"-lon'.     Drawing-room.     Contents-Receiver. 

sa-loon'.  An  apartment  or  hall  devoted  to  some 
specific  use;  a  place  where  liquor  is  retailed.  City- 
Country,  Contents-Receiver. 

salt.  Sodium  chlorid,  used  as  a  seasoning  or  preserva- 
tive;' wittiness;  a  compound.  Chemistry,  Condi- 
ment, Consequence-Insignificance,  Conserva- 
tion, Money,  Pungency,  Wittiness-Dulness; 
below  the  salt,  Gentility-Commonalty  ;  salt  of  the 
earth,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Goodness-Badness; 
salt  water,  Ocean-Land;  worth  one's  salt,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness. 

sal-ta'-tion.     Act  of  jumping.     Spring-Dive. 

sal'-ta-to-ry.  Moving  by  leaps.  Agitation,  Spring- 
Dive. 

sallimbanco  [It.]  (sal"-tim-ban'-co) .  A  vender  of 
quack  medicines.     Gull-Deceiver. 

salto,  di  [It.]  (sal'-to,  di).     At  a  leap.     Spring-Dive. 

salto  in  salto,  di  [It.]  (sal'-to  in  sal'-to,  di).  With  leap 
after  leap.     Spring-Dive. 

salt"-pe'-ter.  Niter;  a  component  of  gunpowder. 
Pungency. 

solium,  per  [L.]  (sal'-tum,  per).  By  leaps.  Agita- 
tion, Continuity-Interruption. 

sa-lu'-bri-ous.  Wholesome.  Healthiness-Un- 

healthiness. 

sa-lu'-bri-ty.  Healthfulness.  Healthiness-Unhealth- 
iness. 

sal'-u-ta-ry.  Beneficial.  Goodness-Badness,  Health- 
iness-Unhealthiness. 

sal"-u-ta'-tion.  Greeting.  Address-Response,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness. 

sa-lute'.  To  greet  with  a  sign  of  welcome  or  respect. 
Address-Response,  Blandishment,  Politeness- 
Impoliteness,  Regard-Disrespect,  Solemniza- 
tion. 

salute,  alia  vostra  [It.]  (sa-lu'-te,  al'-la  vos'-tra).  To 
your  health.  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Sociabil- 
ity-Privacy. 

sal"-u-tif'-er-ous.  Health-giving.  Healthiness-Un- 
healthiness,  Remedy-Bane. 

salva  res  est  [L.]  (sal'-va  riz  est).  It  is  safe.  Secur- 
ity-Insecurity. 

salva  sit  reverentia  [L.]  (sal'-va  sit  rev-er-en'-shi-a). 
Let  there  be  due  reverence.  Regard-Disre- 
spect. 

sal'-va-ble.  Capable  of  being  saved  or  redeemed.  In- 
nocence-Guilt. 

sal'-vage.  Compensation  allowed  for  saving  a  ship. 
Gain-Loss,  Price-Discount,  Recompense-Puni- 
tion. 

sal-va'-tion.  Deliverance  from  impending  evil  or 
destruction.  Conservation,  Divinity,  Godliness- 
Ungodliness,  Rescue;  work  out  one's  salvation. 
Devotion-Idolatry. 

salve.  A  thick  adhesive  ointment.  Alleviation- 
Aggravation,  Remedy-Bane. 

sal'-ver.     A  tray.     Contents-Receiver. 

sal'-vo.  A  discharge  of  artillery;  a  saving  clause. 
Conventionality  -  Unconventionality,  Crash- 
Drumming,  Justification-Charge,  Modification- 
Pretext,  Solemnization;  salvo  of  artillery,  Sol- 
emnization. 

Sa-mar'-i-tan.  A  native  of  Samaria;  a  humane  person. 
Good  Samaritan,  Benefactor-Evildoer,  Charita- 
bleness-Malevolence. 

same.  Not  different.  Sameness-Contrast,  Syno- 
nym-Antonym; all  the  same  to,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy;  at  the  same  time,  Coexistence -Compen- 
sation; go  over  the  same  ground,  Recurrence;  in 
the  same  boat,  Antagonism-Concurrence;  in  the 
same  breath,  Coexistence,  Eternity-Instantanb- 


SAME. 


930 


SANA. 


IT-*,    of  the  same  mind,  Assent-Dissent; 
same  tack,  Antagonism-Concurrence. 


on  the 


same'-ness.     Lack  of  change  or  variety. 
Unlikeness,  Sameness-Contrast. 


Likeness- 


sameness— contrast. 


Actual  thing.     Identical  thing. 

Alter  ego  [L.fl.     Anotherself.     See  Likeness. 

Coalescence.     Blending;  the  act  of  becoming  identical. 

Coincidence.     The  act  of  agreeing  or  becoming  identical. 

Convertibility.     Capability  of  being  made  identical. 

Equality,  etc.      The  state  of  being  of  the  same  value  or  magnitude, 

etc.     See  Equality. 
Facsimile.     An  exact  copy.     See  Copy. 
Idem  [L.\     The  same. 

Identification.     The  process  of  making  identical. 
Identity.     The  state  of  being  identical. 
Ipsissima  verba  [L.].     The  very  words.     See  Truth. 
Monotony.     The  use  of  identically  the  same  tone  or  pitch. 
No  other  j.  Th   identical  one_ 

One  and  the  same.  > 
Oneself.     One's  identical  self. 
Same.     The  identical  thing  or  person. 
Sameness.     Lack  of  variety. 
Self.     That  which  has  distinct  individuality. 
Selfness.     Individuality;  separate  identity. 
Self-same.     The  identical  person  or  thing. 
Tautology,  etc.     Needless  repetition  of  identical  words  or  ideas,  etc. 

See  sub  Repetition. 
Very  same.     Identically  the  same. 
Very  thing.     Identically  the  thing. 

Sameness —  Verbs. 

Be  Identical,  etc.     Be  exactly  the  same,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Coalesce.     Become  identical. 

Coincide.     To  have  the  same  condition  or  quality. 

Identify.      Prove  to  be  the  same  or  identical. 

Recognize  the  identity  of.     To  see  the  likeness  between. 

Render  identical. }  To  make  ^ke 

Render  the  same. 


Treat  as  identical.!  « 
Treat  as  the  same./ 


treat  as  if  equal  or  the  same. 
Sameness — Adjectives. 


Coalescent.      Agreeing. 

Coincident.     Occurring  at  identically  the  same  time. 

Coinciding.      Having  identically  the  same  condition  or  quality. 

Cotidal.     Indicating  simultaneity  in  tides. 

Equivalent,  etc.     Identical  in  value,  etc.     See  Equality. 

Identical.     Precisely  the  same. 

Ilk.     Identical. 

Indistinguishable.     Showing  no  difference. 

Much  of  a  muchness.     Very  similar. 

Much  the  same.     Identical  in  many  respects. 

££}  Identical. 

Self-same.     The  very  same. 

The  same,  etc.     The  identical,  etc.     See  Nouns,  ' 

Unaltered.     Not  modified. 

Sameness — Adverbs,  etc. 

Identically,  etc.     In  the  same  manner,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
On  all  fours.     Corresponding  identically. 


CONTRAST— Continued  from  Column  a. 

Contrast — Adverbs,  etc. 

Contra  [L.J.     Opposed  to. 

Contrarily,  etc.     In  opposition,  etc.     See  sub  Adjectives. 

Contrariwise.     Oppositely. 

Ray  rather.     On  the  contrary. 

On  the  contrary.     In  opposition. 

On  the  other  hand,  etc.     In  opposition,  etc.     See  Compensation. 

Per  contra  [L.].     Oppositely. 

Vice  versa  IL.].     Terms  being  exchanged. 


Antagonism,  etc.     Active  mutual  opposition,  etc.     See  Antagonism. 
Antithesis.     The  balancing  of  contrasted  words  or  thoughts. 
Contradiction,     Opposition;  something  said  oppositely  to  what  has 

been  said. 
Contrariety.     The  quality  of  being  opposite . 

Contrast      Oppositeness  between  things  which  have  similar  qui- lilies^ 
Inversion,  etc.     The  state  of  being  inverted  or  the  act  of  transposing 

etc.     See  Reversal. 
Oppositeness.     State  of  being  opposite  or  contrary. 

Contrast — Denotations. 

Foil.     Anything  serving  by  contrast  to  adorn  or  set  off  to  advantage 

something  different  or  superior. 
The  antipodes.     Places  situated  on  the  opposite  sides  of  the  earth. 
The  converse.     That  which  exists  in  a  reciprocal  or  converse  relation 

to  something. 
The  inverse.     That  which  is  opposed  in  order  or  effect. 
The  opposite.     One  who  or  that  which  is  in  marked  contrast. 
The  other  extreme.     That  which  opposes  or  is  adverse. 
The  reverse.     That  which  is  directly  opposite  or  contrary. 

Contrast — Verbs. 
Antagonize,  etc.     Oppose,  etc.     See  Antagonism. 
Be  contrary,  etc.     Be  opposite,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Contradict.     Oppose. 
Contrast  with.     Set  in  opposition  with. 
Contravene.     Obstruct;  oppose. 
Differ  toto  cosh.     To  be  directly  opposite. 
Invert.     To  place  in  an  opposite  position. 
Oppose.     Resist. 

Reverse.     To  move  in  an  opposite  way. 

Turn  the  tables.  An  expression  taken  from  the  changes  of  fortune 
in  gambling ;  change  to  an  opposite  condition. 

Contrast — Adjectives. 

Antagonistic.     Opposing. 

Antipodean.     Relating  to  the  opposite  side  of  the  world. 

Antithetical.     Directly  opposite. 

As  opposite  as  black  and  white.     1 

As  opposite  as  fire  and  water.         [ -..      .. 

As  opposite  as  light  and  darkness.    Dlrectly  "PP"*1*- 

As  opposite  as  the  poles.  J 

At  cross  purposes.     Having  opposite  purposes. 

Conflicting.     Opposing. 

Contradictory.     Contradictory  statements  cannot  be  both  true. 

Contrariant.     Opposed;  antagonistic. 

Contrarious.     Showing  oppositeness;  repugnant. 

Contrary.     Opposite;  adverse. 

Contrasted.     Opposed;  placed  in  comparison. 

Converse.     Turned  about  so  that  opposite  parts  are  changed  about. 

Counter.     Opposing. 

Dead  against.     Vigorously  opposed  to. 

Diametrically  opposite.  Opposite  as  the  two  extremities  of  a  diamc 
ter. 

Differing  toto  caeh.     Directly  opposite. 

Hostile,  etc.     Opposed,  etc.     See  Antagonism. 

"Hyperion  to  a  satyr."  Shak.]  Hyperion  was  the  god  of  the  iun 
and  noted  for  his  beauty;  a  satyr  is  part  man,  part  goat  :  hence, 
as  opposite  as  beauty  and  ugliness.     [Hamlet  I,  ii.] 

Inconsistent.     Self-opposing;  not  agreeing  with  each  other. 

Just  the  other  way       Exactly  *■  pposke . 

Negative      Opposite  of  positive. 

No  such  thing.     Not  this,  but  the  opposite  or  the  other. 

Opposed.     Contrary    opposite;  adverse. 

Opposing.      Contrary;  ,:ntag-:nistic. 

Oppositj.     Contrary;  different. 

Reverse.     Opposite. 

Tout  au  contraire  [F.].     Quite  ihc  opposite. 

(Continued  on  Column  i .) 


sa'-mi-el.     The  simoom.     River-Wind. 
Sam'-ma-el.     A  demon.     Angel-Satan. 
sam'-pan.     A  Chinese  boat.     Conveyance- Vessel. 
sam'-ple.     A  portion  representative  of  the  whole.    Con- 
ventionality-Unconventionality. 


Sam'-son.     A  Biblical  strong  man.     Strength-Weak. 

ness. 
san'-a-ble.     Curable.     Renovation-Deterioration. 
sana,    mens     [L.]    (se'-na,    mens).     A    sound    mind. 

Saneness-Lun/.cy. 


SANA. 


931 


SANENESS— LUNACY. 


sana  mens  in  corpore  sano  [L.]  (s6'-na  mens  in  cor'-por-t 
s£-no).  Sound  mind  in  a  sound  body.  Pleasure- 
Pain. 

sa-na'-tion.     A  healing.     Renovation-Relapse. 

san'-a-tive.  Having  power  to  heal.  Healthiness- 
Unhealthiness,  Remedy-Bane. 

san"-a-to'-ri-um.     A  health  retreat.     Remedy-Bane. 

san'-a-to-ry.  Healing.  Health-Sickness,  Remedy- 
Bane. 

sanc"-ti-fi-ca'-tion.  Act  of  setting  apart  as  holy. 
Divinity,  Godliness-Ungodliness. 

sanc'-ti-fied.     Consecrated.     Godliness-Ungodliness. 

sanc'-ti-fy.  To  make  holy.  Divinity,  Godliness- 
Ungpdliness. 

6anc"-ti-mo'-ni-ous.  Affecting  piety.  Revelation- 
Pseudorevelation. 

sanc"-ti-mo'-ni-ous-ness.  Affected  piety.  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness. 

sanc'-ti-mo-ny.  Affected  saintliness.  Godliness- 
Ungodliness. 

sanc'-tion.  Ratification.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Dueness-Undueness,  Leave-Prohibition. 

sanc'-tioned.     Ratified.     Dueness-Undueness. 

sanc'-ti-tude.  Sacred  character.  Godliness-Ungod- 
liness. 

sanc'-ti-ty.      Spiritual  purity.      Godliness-Ungodli- 


sanc'-tu-ar"-y.  A  holy  or  sacred  place.  Fane,  Ref- 
uge-Pitfall. 

sanc'-tum.  A  sacred  spot;  a  private  room.  Con- 
tents-Receiver; sanctum  sanctorum,  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Fane,  Sociability-Privacy. 

sand.  Rock  material  coarser  than  dust.  Friability; 
built  upon  sand,  Security-Insecurity;  sow  the 
sand,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

san'-dal.     A  kind  of  shoe.     Dress-Undress. 

sand'-blind".     Partially  blind.     Sight-Blindness. 

San"-de-ma'-ni-an.  A  Christian  sect.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

sand'-i-ness.  The  state  or  quality  of  containing  sand. 
Friability. 

sand'-pa"-per.  Paper  coated  with  sand  used  for 
smoothing.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

sands.     Stretches  of  sandy  beach.     Refuge-Pitfall. 

sand'-storm".  A  high  wind  which  carries  sand  along. 
Friability. 

sand'-wich-wise".  Like  a  sandwich.  Environment- 
Interposition. 

sandy.  Of  the  color  of  sand.  Friability,  Yellow- 
ness-Purple. 

sane.     Mentally  sound.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

sane'-ly.     In  a  sane  manner.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

sane'-ness.     Soundness  of  mind.     Saneness-Lunacy. 


SANENESS-LUNACY. 


Lucid  interval.     A  period  of  mental  clearness. 
Lucidity.     The  condition  or  quality  of  being  lucid. 
Mens  sana  [L.].     Sound  mind. 
Rationality.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  rationaL 
Sanity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  sane. 
Senses.     Intellectual  powers  of  perception. 
Sober  senses.     Rational  powers  of  mind. 
Sobriety.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  sober. 
Sound  mind.     A  mind  not  enfeebled  or  deranged. 
Soundness,  etc.     The  quality  of  being  sound. 

Saneness — Verbs, 

Become  sane,  etc.     To  come  into  the  full  possession  of  one's  senses. 

See  Adjectives. 
Be  sane,  etc.     To  be  mentally  sound.     See  Adjectives. 
firing  to  one's  senses.     Cause  to  think  rationally. 
Come  to  one's  senses.     Begin  to  think  rationally. 
Render  sane,  etc.     To  cause  to  be  free  from  mental  derangement. 

See  Adjectives. 
Retain  one's  reason.)  To  continue  in  the  full  possession  of  will  and 
Retain  one's  senses.  I      reason. 
Sober.     To  cause  to  think  seriously. 
Sober  down.     To  become  sober. 

Saneness — Adjectives. 

Compos  mentis  [L.].     Of  a  sound  mind. 

In  one's  right  mind.     Having  power  to  think  rightly. 

In  one's  sober  senses.     Free  from  mental  derangement. 

In  possession  of  one's  faculties.     Having  power  to  think. 

Of  sound  mind.     Not  enfeebled  or  deranged. 

Rational.     Having  the  power  of  reasoning. 

Reasonable.     Having  the  faculty  of  reasoning. 

Sane.     Having  power  to  reason ;  mentally  sound. 

Self-possessed.     In  control  of  one's  faculties. 

Sober.     Not  swayed  by  excitement  or  passion. 

Sober-minded.     Having  a  cool,  dispassionate  mind. 

Sound.  Having  the  faculties  of  the  mind  in  normal  action  and  rela- 
tion. 

Sound-minded.  Of  such  degree  of  mental  capacity  as  makes  a  person 
responsible  for  his  acts. 

Saneness — A  dverbs. 
Sanely,  etc      In  a  sane  manner. 


LU  NACY — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Rabies.     Hydrophobia  or  dog  madness,  as  in  man. 

Rats  in  the  upper  story.     A  lack  of  mental  power. 

Raving.     Insanity  accompanied  by  wild  and  incoherent  utterances. 

Screw  loose.     A  mental  deficiency . 

Siriasis.     Sunstroke.     (Sirius  the  Dog  Star.] 


Aberration.     Partial  insanity. 

Abnormal  mind.     A  mind  not  performing  the  proper  functions. 

Amentia.     Total  absence  of  mental  power. 

Bee  in  one's  bonnet.     Something  wrong  in  the  mental  faculties. 

Calenture  of  the  brain.     A  delirious,  fanciful  state  of  the  mind. 

Coupdesoleil  JF.].     Sunstroke. 

Craze.  An  intense,  impassionate,  insane  desire  or  liking  for  some- 
thing. 

Delirium.  An  irrational  temporary  condition  of  the  mind  accom- 
panied by  hallucinations. 

Delusion.  A  false  conception  and  persistent  belief,  unconquerable 
by  reason. 

Demency.     Dementia. 

Dementation.     Loss  of  power  to  reason. 

Dementia.  Unsoundness  of  mind,  with  loss  of  power  of  coherent 
thought. 

Derangement.     Unbalanced  reason. 

Dipsomania.     Uncontrollable  passion  for  drink. 

Diseased  mind.     A  mind  that  fails  in  its  normal  action. 

Disordered  intellect.  \  „        ,  derangement- 

Disordered  reason.    )  * 

Dizziness.     A  feeling  of  whirling  and  confusion  in  the  head. 

Dotage,  etc.     Weakness  of  mind  from  old  age.     See  Mind-Jmb*- 

CILITY. 

Eccentricity.     Peculiarity  of  intellect. 

Fanaticism.     Fierce ,  extravagant  zeal  or  conduct. 

Frenzy.     Great  agitation  approaching  distraction. 

Furor.     Overpowering  rage. 

Hallucination.     Mistaken  perception  of  what  does  not  exist. 

Hypochondriasis,  etc.     Disorder  of  mind  causing  melancholy  view», 

especially  of  health. 
Hysteria.     Violent  nervous  excitement,  accompanied  by  paroxysmt 

of  laughing  and  crying. 
Incoherence.     A  lack  of  connection  or  reasonableness  of  thought. 
Infatuation.     An  insane  passion  or  love  for  anything. 
Insanity.     Morbid  condition  of  mind  from    disease,   with   loss  of 

power  of  rational  thought  and  action. 
Kleptomania.     An  uncontrollable  desire  and  inclination  to  steal. 
Lunacy.     Intermittent  insanity. 

Lycanthropy .     Madness  with  belief  that  one  is  a  wolf. 
Madness,  etc.     The  quality  of  being  mad.     See  Adjectives. 
Mania.     Raving  insanity. 
Melancholia.     A  depressing,  gloomy  state  of  mind,  sometimes  vtrg* 

ing  upon  insanity. 
Mental  alienation.     Entire  or  partial  loss  of  mental  power. 
Monomania.     Mental  derangement  with  reference  to  one  craze. 
Oddity.     Erratic  difference  of  conduct  from  what  is  norc<al  or  cca*> 


Phrenitis.1  „ 
Phrensy.  S  Frenz?- 


{.Continued  on  Column  x.) 


SANENESS. 


932 


SANENESS— MANIAC. 


LUNACY— Continued. 


Slate  loose.     Mental  deficiency. 

Sunstroke.      Disturbance  of    the  brain    caused    by  excessive   heat, 

especially  of  the  sun. 
Swimming.  Dizziness. 
Tite  loose.     Mental  deficiency. 


Twist.      Distinctive  character  or  peculiarity. 

Unsound  mind.     A  mind  unable  to  perform  its  normal  function*. 

Unsoundness.      Deficiency  of  mental  stability. 

Vertigo.     Giddiness. 

Wandering.     Deliriousness 


Lunacy— Verbs, 


Addle  the  wits      To  confuse. 

Avoir  le  citable  au  corps  [P.],     To  have  a  devil. 

Become  insane,  etc.     To  lose  control  of  one's  mental  faculties.     See 

Adjectives. 
Befool.     To  delude. 

Be  insane,  etc.     To  be  mentally  deranged.     See  Adjectives. 
Dementate.      Deprive  of  reason. 
Derange  the  head.     To  make  crazy. 
Dote.     To  be  weak  minded  from  old  age. 
Drivel,  etc.     To  be  silly  and  foolish.     See  Mind-Imbecility. 
Drive  mad.     To  make  crazy. 
Go  mad.     To  become  insane. 
Have  a  devil.     To  be  crazy. 
Have  a  screw  loose.     To  be  mentally  deficient. 
Infatuate .     To  inspire  with  passion  too  obstinate  to  be  controlled  by 

reason* 

Lunacy- 

Altini  fF.1.     Mad. 

Bereft  of  reason.     Crazy. 

Beside  oneself       Not  in  usual  mental  condition. 

Bewildered,  etc.     Confused  or  uncertain  in  mind.     See  Certainty- 

DOUBT. 

Corybantic      Frenzied,  like  the  priests  of  Cybele. 

Cracked.      Having  mental  defects. 

Crack-brained.     Weak-minded. 

Crazed.     Rendered  crazy. 

Crazy.     Disordered  in  intellect ;  lacking  power  of  rational  thought. 

Daft.     Weak-minded. 

Delirious.      In  a  state  of  delirium. 

Demented.     Lacking  power  to  reason. 

Distracted.     Wildly  confused. 

Distraught.     Distracted. 

Dithyrambic     Passionately  or  wildly  lyrical. 

Doting      Characterized  by  dotage. 

Eccentric.     Very  peculiar  in  thought  and  ideas. 

Fanatical.     Characterized  by  fanaticism. 

Far-gone.     Almost  hopelessly  insane. 

Flighty.     Slightly  delirious. 

Frantic.     Wildly  distracted,  as  by  fear  or  grief. 

Frenetic.     Frenzied. 

Frenzied.     Affected  with  frenzy. 

Giddy.     Light-headed. 

Haggard.     Weakened  by  great  anxiety  of  mind. 

Hypped.     Offended  or  melancholy. 

Hyppish.     Hypped. 

Imbecile.     Weak-minded. 

Incoherent.     Talking  aimlessly. 

Infatuated.     Filled  with  an  uncontrollable  passion. 

Insane.     Showing  symptoms  of  insanity. 

Insensate.     Showing  a  lack  of  sense. 

Light-headed.     Wanting  soundness  of  mind. 

Lunatic.     Subject  to  lunacy;  moonstruck. 

Mad.     Disordered  in  mind  and  bereft  of  self-control. 

Had  as  a  hatter.  )  v*»rv  m*A 

Had  as  a  March  hare.)  very  maa* 

Mad-brained       Crazy. 

Maddened.     Made  insane.     See  Verbs. 

Maniacal.     Affected  with  mania. 

Mazed.     Bewildered. 

Lunacy 


Lose  one's  faculties.     To  become  weak-minded. 

Lose  one's  head,  etc.     To  lose  presence  of  mind.     See  Certainty* 

Doubt. 
Lose  one's  reason.  \ 

Lose  one's  senses.  >To  lose  control  of  one's  reason  and  judgment. 
Lose  one's  wits.     J 
Madden.     To  make  or  render  mad. 
Ramble.     To  talk  foolishly  and  incoherently. 
Rave.     To  talk  wildly  and  violently. 
Render  mad.     To  make  crazy. 
Run  mad.     To  become  insane. 
Turn  one's  head.     To  affect  mentally. 
Turn  the  brain.     To  craze. 
Wander.     To  be  out  of  one'stnind. 


Adjectives. 

Moonstruck.     Lunatic. 

Non  compos  mentis  [L.].     Not  of  sound  mind. 

Not  in  one's  right  mind.     Crazy. 

Not  right      Mentally  wrong. 

Not  right  in  one's  head. 

Not  right  in  one's  mind.  I  %» -  •»_.  -  . 

Not  ri|bt  in  one's  upper  story,  f  Mentally  deranged;  crazy. 

Not  right  in  one's  wits. 

Odd.     Having  peculiar  or  strange  ideas. 

Of  unsound  mind,  etc.     Crazy.     See  Nouns, 

Out  of  one's  mind.  ~| 

Out  of  one's  senses.  >  Unable  to  control  one's  will  and  judgment. 

Out  of  one's  wits.     J 

Phrenetic.     Frenetic. 

Phrensied.     Frenzied. 

Possessed.     Beyond  self-control. 

Possessed  w;th  a  devil.     Mad. 

Rabid.     Affected  with  rabies;  ragingmad. 

Rambling.     Uttering  incoherent  words. 

Raving.     Past  reason  or  being  reasoned  with. 

Reasonless.     Bereft  of  reason. 

Scatter-brained.     With  little  brains. 

Shatter-brained.  1  r*.       ,       . .        .    , 

Shatter-pated.     I  bordered  in  m.t.d. 

Silly,  etc.     Lacking  good  common  sense. 

Stark  staring  mad.     Wholly  and  completely  destitute  of  all  powta 

of  rational  thought  or  action. 
Touched.     Mentally  affected.^ 
Touched  in  one's  head. 
Touched  in  one's  mind. 
Touched  in  one's  upper  story. 
Touched  in  one's  wits. 
Unhinged.     Not  mentally  sound. 
Unsettled  in  one's  mind.     Deranged. 
Vertiginous.      Affected  with  dizziness. 

Wandering.     Without  control  of  one's  mental  faculties.     See  Verb* 
Wild.     Mad  beyond  control. 
Wrong  in  one's  head. 


Slightly  insaae. 


Wrong  in  one's  mind. 
Wrong  in  one's  upper  story. 
Wrong  in  one's  wits. 

— Adverbs,  etc. 


Mentally  weak. 


fUke  one  possessed.     Wildly;  furiously. 

Ira  furor  brevis  est  [L.l.     Anger  is  a  brief  madness. 
Tite-exaltie  [F.].    To  be  crack-brained. 


Lunacy—  Phrases. 


Tite-montie  [F.I.     To  be  crack-brained. 
The  mind  having  lost  its  balance. 


SANENESS— MANIAC. 
Maniac. 
Automan  iac .     One  who  has  worked  himself  into  insanity. 
Bedlamite.     A  madman  or  inmate  of  Bedlam,  the  hospital  of  St. 

Mary  of  Bethlehem  in  London. 
Candidate  for  Bedlam.     A  person  who  should  be  sent  to  Bedlam;  a 


crazy  person. 


Dipsomaniac.      One  who  has  an  uncontrollable  desire  for  strong 

drink. 
Don  Quixote.     The  hero  of  Cervantes's  romance,  Don  Quixote;   a 

country  gentleman  who  becomes  half -crazed  by  reading  romances 

of  chivalry.  * 

Dreamer,  etc.     One  who  forms  projects  but  does  not  act.     See  Fancy. 


SANENESS. 


933 


SANGUINENESS— HOPELESSNESS. 


SANENESS— MANIAC— Continued. 


Energumen.     One  who  is  possessed  by  evil  spirits. 

Enthusiast.  One  who  is  passionately  devoted  to  a  person,  principle, 
or  object. 

Exalti  [P.].     An  enthusiast. 

Fanatic.     One  who  is  moved  by  a  frenzy  of  enthusiasm . 

Fanatico  [It.].     A  fanatic. 

High-flier.     One  who  is  extravagant  in  his  opinions  or  pretensions. 

Hypochondriac,  etc.  One  who  is  affected  with  a  mental  disorder 
which  causes  gloom  and  melancholy.  See  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection. 

Idiot,  etc.  One  destitute  of  normal  intellectual  powers.  See  Sage- 
Fool. 

Kleptomaniac.     One  who  has  an  uncontrollable  passion  for  stealing. 


Knight  errant.     One  of  the  wandering  knights  who  in  the  Middle 

Ages  went  forth   in  search  of  adventures  fitted  to  exhibit  their 

military  skill  or  chivalry  toward  women. 
Lunatic.     A  person  bereft  of  reason;  moonstruck. 
Madcap.     A  person  who  acts  in  a  rash  or  giddy  manner. 
Madman.     A  person  deranged  or  frantic. 
Maniac.     A  person  raving  with  madness. 
Monomaniac.     A  person  affected  with  insanity  confined  to  one  idea 

or  object. 
Raver.     A  madman. 
Rhapsodist.     One  who  expresses  himself  with  exaggeration  of  aer.ti^ 

ment. 
Seer.     One  who  sees  visions  of  imaginary  objects. 


sang"-froid'.  Cold  blood;  steadiness  of  nerve.  Ex- 
citability-In  excitability,  Recklessness -Cau- 
tion,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

san'-gui-na-ry.     Bloody.     Life-Killing. 

san'-guine.  Hopeful;  red.  Fancy,  Faith-Misgiv- 
ing,    Redness-Greenness,     Sanguineness-Hope- 


lessness;      sanguine     expectation,     Expectation- 
Surprise,  Sanguinenbss-Hopblessness;    sanguine 
imagination,  Fancy. 
san'-guine-ness.  Hopefulness.  Sanguinen  ess- 

Hopelessness. 


SANGUINENESS— HOPELESSNESS. 


Affiance.     Trust;  confidence;  reliance. 

Anticipation,  etc.     A  previous  view  or  impression  of  something  that 

will  happen  afterwards.     See  Expectation. 
Aspiration.     The  act  of  strongly  desiring. 
Assumption.     The  act  of  taking  anything  for  granted. 
Assurance.     The  state  of  being  full  of  confidence  or  trust. 
Bright  prospect.     A  cheerful  reason  for  hoping. 
Buoyancy.     Cheerfulness;  confidence. 
Cheer.     The  state  of  being  in  a  state  of  good  spirits. 
Confidence.     The  act  of  confiding  or  trusting. 
Desire,  etc.     A  strong  natural  longing  or  craving  for  something. 

See  Desire. 
Enthusiasm.     Ardent  and  eager  interest  for  some  cause,  study,  or 

the  like. 
Faith,  etc.     Intellectual  conviction.     See  Faith. 
Fervent  hope.     Eager,  ardent  hope. 
Good  auspices.     Favorable  omens. 
Good  omens.     Favorable  signs  or  indications. 
Good  prospects.     A  cheerful  and  hopeful  lookout. 
Hope.     A  desire  for  some  good  accompanied  by  a  belief  that  it  is 

attainable. 
Hopefulness.     The  state  of  being  full  of  hope. 
Hopes.     Prospects. 

Optimism.     The  doctrine  that  everything  is  ordered  for  the  best. 
Optimist.     One  who  believes  in  optimism. 
Presumption.     The  act  of  believing  on  probable  evidence. 
Promise.     Ground  for  hope. 
Reassurance.     Confirmation  repeated. 
Reliance.     The  state  of  having  confidence  or  trust. 
Sanguine  expectation.     Hopeful  expectation. 
Sanguineness.     The  state  of  being  full  of  hope  and  confidence. 
Secureness.     Confidence  of  safety. 
Security.     The  state  or  condition  of  being  free  from  trouble,  anxiety 

or  the  like. 
Trust.     Confidence  in. 

Utopist.     One  who  believes  in  a  state  or  place  of  ideal  perfection. 
Well-grounded  hope.     Hope  founded  on  a  good  basis. 

Sanguineness — Figurative  Nouns. 
Airy  hopes.     Expectation  without  solid  foundation. 
Anchor.     That  on  which  we  place  dependence  for  safety. 
Balm  in  Gilead.     Anything  that  soothes  the  mind.     [Bible.] 
Beam  of  hope.     A  ray  or  gleam  of  hope. 
Bit  of  blue  sky.     A  slight  ground  of  hope. 
Bottom  of  Pandora's  box.     Hope. 
Castles  in  the  air.     A  visionary  project. 

Chdteauxen  Espagne  [PJ.     Castles  in  Spain;  a  baseless  scheme. 
Clear  sky.     A  promising  outlook. 
Dawn  of  hope.     The  beginning  of  promise. 
Day-dream.     A  vain  fancy  or  speculation. 

Dream  of  Alnaschar.     A  visionary  project.     [Arabian  Nights.] 
Flash  of  hope.     A  sudden  promise  of  success. 
Fond  hope.      Longing  or  yearning. 
Fool's  paradise.     The  region  of  vanity  and  nonsense. 

„..  ,  ?  '       J"  A  sudden,  slight  ground  for  success. 

Golden  dreams.     Eminently  auspicious  hopes. 
Heart  of  grace.     Courage. 


Dashed  hopes.     Broken  hopes. 

Despair.     Utter  loss  of  hope. 

Desperation.     The  state  of  despair  or  hopelessness. 

Despondency,  etc.  Abandonment  of  hope.  See  Lighthearted* 
ness-Dejection. 

Forlorn  hope.     Lost  hope. 

Hope  deferred.     Hope  delayed. 

Hopelessness,  etc.  The  state  of  being  without  hope.  See  Adjec- 
tives. 

Pessimism.  The  view  of  looking  at  the  bad  side  of  everything  or 
considering  the  world  the  worst  possible  world. 

Pessimist.     One  who  believes  in  pessimism. 

Vain  expectations,  etc.  Hopes  that  cannot  be  attained.  See  Ex- 
pectation-Disappointment. 

Hopelessness — Figurative  Nouns. 

Airy  hopes,  etc.     Hopes  founded  on  no  foundation.     See  Sanguinb- 

nbss. 


Bad  business. \ 
Bad  job.  J 


Work  causing  loss  or  injury. 


Bird  of  bad  omen.  1   .  ,  ,.    .    ,.     ., 

„.    .    ,  ...  r  Any  unfavorable  indication. 

Bird  of  ill  omen.    )        3 

Black  spots  in  the  horizon.     Unfavorable  indications. 
Cave  of  despair.     Figuratively,  a  feeling  of  utter  hopelessness. 
Enfant  perdu  [F.  ].     The  lost  child. 
Gloomy  spots  on  the  horizon.     Unfavorable  signs. 
Job's  comforter.     A  tactless  person  who,  under  pretense  of  sym- 
pathy, insinuates  rebukes. 
Slough  of  despond.     A  position  of  hopelessness. 

Hopelessness — Verbs. 
Abandon  all  hope.     To  give  up  hope. 
Crush  one's  hope.     To  break  down  one's  hope. 
Dash  one's  hopes.     To  ruin  one's  hopes. 
Despair.     To  give  up  all  hope. 
Despond,  etc.     To  lose  hope  or  courage.     See  Lightheartedness- 

Dejection. 
Destroy  one's  hopes.     To  set  one's  hopes  at  naught. 
Disconcert.     To  break  the  composure  of  a  person. 
Drive  to  despair.     To  impel  to  loss  of  hope. 
Falter.     To  hesitate;  lose  hope. 
Give  over.     To  abandon  completely. 
Give  up.     To  yield. 
Give  up  all  hope.     To  yield  to  despair. 
Hope  against  hope.     To  be  in  a  state  of  despair. 
Inspire  to  despair,  etc.     To  infuse  despair  into.     See  Nouns. 
Jeter  le  manche  apres  la  rognie  [F.].     To  throw  the  helve  after  the 

hatchet;  to  give  up  the  last  possible  hope. 
Lose  all  hope.     To  give  up  all  hope. 
Relinquish  all  hope.     To  renounce  all  hope. 
Relinquish  the  hope  of.     To  give  up  all  hope  of  attaining. 
Yield  to  despair.     To  give  up  to  despair. 

Hopelessness- — Adjectives. 
At  one's  last  gasp,  etc.     Deprived  of  all  hope.     See  Life-Death. 
Audisespoir  \Y\     In  despair. 
Beyond  remedy.     Not  capable  of  being  remedied. 
Broken-hearted.     Crushed  with  grief  or  despair. 


SANGUINENESS. 


934 


SANGUINENESS— HOPELESSNESS. 


SANGUINENESS—  HOPELESSNESS— Continued. 


SANGUINENESS— Figurative  Nouns— Continued. 

Heaven.     The  place  of  supreme  blessedness. 

L*  pot  au  lait  [F.].     The  pot  of  milk. 

Mainstay,  etc.     Main  support.     See  Suspension-Support. 

Millennium.     The  period  of  the  reigning  of  Christ  on  earth. 

Mirage,  etc.     A  false  hope  or  expectation.     See  Sight-Dimsighted- 

nbss. 
Ray  of  hope.     A  slight  gleam  of  hope. 
Sheet-anchor.     The  best  hope  or  refuge. 

Silver  lining  of  the  clouds.     A  bright  prospect.  [Milton,  Comus,  321.] 
Staff.     That  which  upholds. 
Star  of  hope.     A  favorable  omen. 
Utopia.     An  imaginary  island  enjoying  the  greatest  perfection  in 

politics,  laws,  and  the  like.     [More.] 

Sanguineness — Verbs. 

Anticipate.     To  expect  or  look  ahead  towards. 

Assure.     To  render  confident. 

Augur  well.     To  portend  favorably. 

Be  hopeful,  etc.     To  be  sanguine  or  full  of  hope.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  in  a  fair  way.     To  be  in  a  favorable  condition. 

Bid  fair.     To  offer  a  good  prospect.  4 

Buoy  up.     To  keep  from  sinking  into  despondency. 

Catch  at  a  straw.     To  hope  against  hope. 

Cheer.     To  encourage:  make  hopeful. 

Cherish  hope,  etc.     To  entertain  hope.     See  Nouns. 

Cling  to  hope,  etc.     To  adhere  to  hope.     See  Nouns. 

Confide.     To  trust;  have  confidence. 

Embolden.     To  make  bold,  encourage. 

Encourage.     To  inspire  with  hope;  to  hearten. 

Encourage  hope,  etc.     To  inspire  hope.     See  Nouns. 

Entertain  hope,  etc.     To  cherish  hope.     See  Nouns. 

Expect,  etc.     To  look  forward  to  something  which  is  expected  to 

happen.     See  Expectation. 
Feed  hope*  etc.     To  encourage  hope.     See  Nouns. 

^IcoTfidttJTofeChopefu,. 

Feel  hope,  etc.     To  be  conscious  of  hope.     See  Nouns. 

Flatter.     To  encourage  with  false  hopes. 

Flatter  oneself.     To  deceive  oneself  with  false  hopes. 

Foster  hope.  etc.     To  cherish  or  encourage  hope.     See  Nouns. 

Give  hope,  etc.     To  impart  hope.     See  Nouns. 

Harbor  hope,  etc.     To  entertain  hope.     See  Nouns. 

Hold  out  hope,  etc.     To  extend  or  offer  hope.     See  Nouns. 

Hope.  To  cherish  something  good  with  the  expectation  of  obtain- 
ing it. 

Hope  against  hope.     To  hope  when  all  ground  for  hope  is  gone. 

Hope  for, etc.     To  desire;  long  for.     See  Desire. 

Hope  for  the  best.     To  desire  the  best. 

Indulge  hope,  etc.     To  harbor  hope.     See  Nouns. 

Inspire  hope,  etc.     To  fill  with  hope.     See  Nouns. 

Keep  one's  spirits  up.  To  maintain  a  state  of  cheerfulness  or  hope- 
fulness. 

Lay  the  flattering  unction  to  one's  soul.  To  please  with  false  hopes. 
[Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  III,  iv.] 

Lean  upon.     To  depend  upon  for  support. 

Live  in  hope,  etc.     To  be  in  a  state  of  hope.     See  Nouns. 

Look  on  the  bright  side  of.     To  look  at  things  in  a  favorable  light. 

Look  up.     To  seek  with  the  hope  of  finding. 

Make  the  best  of  it.     To  reduce  to  the  least  possible  inconvenience. 

Nourish  hope,  etc.     To  support  or  encourage  hope.     See  Nouns. 

Pin  one's  faith  upon,  etc.     To  put  one's  taith  in.     See  Faith. 

Pin  one's  hope  upon,  etc.     To  put  one's  hope  in.     See  Faith. 

Presume.     To  believe  by  anticipation. 

Promise.     To  give  reason  to  expect;  afford  hopes. 

Promise  oneself.     To  have  strong  confidence. 

Put  a  bold  face  upon, 

Put «  good  face  upon, 

Put  the  best  face  upon 

Put  one's  trust  in.     To  place  one's  confidence  in. 

Raise  expectations. 

Raise  hope,  etc.     To  arouse  hope.     See  Nouns. 

Reassure.     To  restore  courage  or  hope. 

Reckon  one's  chickens  before  they  are  hatched.  To  confidently 
expect  to  obtain  something  which  one  never  may  obtain. 

Rely  on.     To  have  confidence  in. 

Rett  c^nfi'dent.  1  To  remain  hoPeful-     See  Adjectives. 
See  land.     To  have  cause  for  hope. 
Take  heart,     To  gain  confidence. 


1.  v 

on.  J 


To  look  favorably  upon  something  unpleas- 
ant. 


HO  PELESSNESS— Adjec  hves— Continued. 

Clouded  over.     Made  gloomy. 

Cureless.     Beyond  all  hope  of  living. 

Despairing.     Being  without  hope. 

Desperate.     Beyond  hope;  desponding. 

Forlorn.     Abandoned,  lost. 

Given  over.     Completely  abandoned. 

Given  up.     Ceasing  from  effort. 

Hopeless.     Despairing;  without  hope. 

Ill-omened.     Unfortunate. 

Immedicable.     Incurable. 

Immitigable.     Not  capable  of  being  appeased. 

Impracticable,  etc.     Incapable  of  being  practised.     See  Possibility 

Impossibility. 
Inauspicious.     Unfavorable ;  unlucky. 
Inconsolable,  etc.     Grieved  beyond  comfort.     See  Lighthlartbd- 

ness-Dejection. 
Incorrigible.     Bad  beyond  correction. 
Incurable.     Not  to  be  cured. 
In  despair.     Without  hope. 
Irreclaimable.     Incapable  of  being  reclaimed. 
Irrecoverable.     Not  capable  of  being  restored  or  remedied. 
Irredeemable.     Incapable  of  being  redeemed  or  recovered. 
Irremediable.     Incapable  of  being  cured. 
Irreparable.     Not  capable  of  being  recovered. 
Irretrievable .     Incurable . 
Irreversible.     Irrevocable. 
Irrevocable.     Incapable  of  being  recalled. 
Not  to  be  thought  of.     Not  to  be  considered. 
Out  of  the  question.     Not  worthy  of  consideration. 
Past  cure.         1 

p     .       p  :.         >  With  no  chance  of  recovery. 

Past  recall.        j 

Remediless.     Not  capable  of  being  remedied. 

Ruined.     Seriously  damaged  or  impaired. 

Threatening.     Menacing. 

Undone.     Ruined  in  reputation  or  morals. 

Unpromising.     Not  affording  a  favorable  aspect. 

Unpropitious.     Unfavorable . 

Hopelessness — Phrases. 

Its  days  are  numbered. 

Lasciate  ogni  speranza  voi  ck'entrote   [It.].     AH  hope  abandon,  ym 

who  enter  here.     [Dante.    Inscription  over  the  gate  of  hell.] 
The  worst  come  to  the  worst. 


SANGUINENESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Take  heart  of  grace.     To  be  encouraged. 

Tell  a  flattering  tale.     To  tell  a  deceitful  story. 

Trust.     To  confide  in;  hope. 

View  on  the  sunny  side.     To  look  upon  in  a  favorable  light. 

Voir  en  couleur  de  rose  [F.].     To  see  in  rose-color  or  a  favorable  Hj,  nt. 

Sanguineness — Adjectives. 

Auspicious.     Favorable ;  hopeful. 

Bright.     Cheerful;  encouraging. 

Buoyant.     Lively;  cheerful. 

Buoyed  up.     Kept  from  despondency. 

Cheering.     Encouraging. 

Confident.     Having  trust ;  trustful. 

Couleur  de  rose  [F.].     Rose-colored. 

De  bon  augure  [F.].     Of  good  omen. 

Elated.     Filled  with  confidence  and  hope. 

Encouraging.     Furnishing  ground  to  hope  for  success. 

Enthusiastic.     Eager  and  zealous  in  the  pursuit  of  an  object. 

Exempt  from  despair. 

Exempt  from  distrust.      .  Tq  remove  doubt  Qr  want  of  w  h 

Exempt  from  fear. 

Exempt  from  suspicion.  J 

Exultant .     Triumphant . 

Fearless.     Without  fear. 

Flushed.     Elated;  animated  with  joy. 

Free  from  despair. 

To  remove  causes  of  hopelessness  or  want  p* 
expectation. 


Free  from  distrust. 

Free  from  fear. 

Free  from  suspicion. 

Full  of  promise.     Likely  to  fulfil  expectations. 

Hoping,  etc .     Having  confidence  or  a  desire  for  something  good . 

Verbs. 
Hopeful.     Full  of  expectation. 


See 


SANGUINENESS. 


935 


SANGUINENESS— TIMIDITY. 


SANGUINENESS— Adjectives— Continued. 


In  good  heart.     In  a  state  of  confidence  or  kindliness. 

In  hopes,  etc.     Hoping.     See  Nouns. 

Inspiriting.     Encouraging;  animating. 

Looking  up.     Hoping. 

Of  good  omen.     Propitious;  favorable. 

Of  promise.     Tending  to  cause  hope. 

On  the  highroad  to.     On  the  way  to  success  or  completion. 

Probable.     Likely. 

Promising.     Affording  hopes. 

Propitious.     Favorable;  hopeful. 

Reassuring.     Restoring  confidence  to. 

Roseate.     Full  of  roses;  blooming;  promising. 


Rose-colored.     Alluring. 

Sanguine.     Full  of  hope;  not  desponding. 

Secure,  etc.     Free  from  care,  anxiety,  or  the  like; 

Faith. 
Self-reliant.     Having  confidence  in  oneself. 
Undespairing.     Not  despairing;  hopeful. 
Unsuspecting.     Not  distrusting. 
Unsuspicious.     Not  suspicious. 
Utopian.     Involving  imaginary  perfection. 
Within  sight  of  land.  )T        ,         -  ,         ,.,.. 
Within  sight  of  shore.)  In  a  hopefuI  condlt'°n- 


confident.     Sec 


Sanguinbnjbss — Adverbs. 


Hopefully,  etc.     In  a  hopeful  manner.     See  Adjectives, 


Godspeed!     Success  to  you! 


Sanguineness — Interjection. 
Sanguinbness — Phrases, 


Mgroto  dum  anima  est  spes  esse  dicitur  [L.].  When  there  is  life  to 
the  sick  man,  there  is  said  to  be  hope.     [Cicero,  Atticus,  o,  10.] 

All  is  for  the  best.     "All  things  work  together  for  good."     [Bible.] 

Ante  vicioriam  ne  canas  triumphum  [L.].  Do  not  chant  your  tri- 
umph before  you  conquer. 

At  spes  non  fracta  [L.].     But  hope  is  not  broken. 

Dum  spiro,  spero  fL.].  While  I  breathe,  I  hope.  [Motto  of  South 
Carolina.] 

En  Dieu  est  ma  fiance  [F.].     In  God  is  my  trust. 

Expertus  metuil  [L.].     Having  had  experience,  he  fears. 

"Hope  told  a  flattering  tale.**  Hope  inspired  one  with  a  false  and 
deceitful  prospect.     [The  Universal  Songster.] 

In  hoc  signo  spes  mea  [L.].     In  this  sign  is  my  hope. 


In  hoc  signo  vinces  [L.].     In  this  sign  thou  wilt  conquer.     [Motto  of 

Emperor  Constantine.] 
La  speranza  6  il  pan  de'  miseri  [It.].     Hope  is  the  bread  of  the 

wretched. 
Latet  scintillula  forsan  [L.].     Perhaps  a  small  spark  may  lie  hid. 
Never  say  die.     Never  give  up  hope. 

Nil  desperandum  [L.].     Never  despair.     [Horace,  Odes,  I,  vii,  37.] 
Rusticus  expectat  dum  defluit  amnis    [L.].     The  rustic  waits  until 

the  river  shall  have  flowed  by.     [Horace,  Epistles,  I,  ii,  42.] 
Spero  meliora  [L.].     I  hope  for  bettei  things. 
The  wish  being  father  to  the  thought.     A  striving  for  what  one 

desires.     [Shakespeare,  Henry  IV,  II,  iv,  5.] 
Voila    le    soleil  (TAusterlitz  [F.].      Behold  the  sun  of    Austerlitz. 

[Napoleon.] 


SANGUINENESS— TIMIDITY. 


Timidity. 

Abject  fear,  etc.  Fear  that  reduces  one  to  a  low  degraded  state. 
See  Bravery-Cowardice. 

Affright.     Sudden  and  great  fear  or  terror. 

Affrightment.     Affright;  terror. 

Ague  fit.     A  state  of  shaking,  as  from  terror. 

Alarm.  An  apprehension  of  sudden  danger  which  springs  from  a 
sense  of  immediate  danger. 

Anxiety.     Concern  about  some  future  event  which  disturbs  the  mind. 

Apprehension.  A  sense  of  danger  or  fear  of  something  remote  but 
approaching. 

Apprehensive ness,  etc.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  fearful.  See 
Adjectives. 

Awe      Dread  or  fear  inspired  by  something  great,  terrible,  or  sublime. 

Care.     Fear  for  safety  or  prosperity. 

CoW  sweat.     A  chilling  feeling  caused  by  fear. 

Consternation.  Fear  which  confounds  the  faculties  and  incapaci- 
tates them  for  considering. 

Despair,  etc.  Utter  hopelessness,  or  fear  for  a  result.  See  San- 
guinenbss-Hopelessness. 

Despondency.     Depression  of  the  mind. 

Diffidence.     Fear  caused  bv  lack  of  confidence  in  one's  powers. 

Dismay.  A  helpless  sinking  of  heart  caused  by  fright  or  some 
calamity. 

Disquietude.     Uneasiness;  anxiety. 

Dread.     Terror  aroused  by  the  anticipation  of  a  great  evil. 

Fear.  An  emotion  excited  by  the  expectation  of  evil  and  accom- 
panied with  a  desire  to  escape  it. 

Fear  and  trembling.  The  emotion  and  physical  effect  excited  by  the 
expectation  of  something  evil. 

Fearfulness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  fearful.     See  Adjectives. 

Flutter.     Agitation  of  the  mind  arising  from  fear,  etc. 

Fright.     An  emotion  excited  by  a  sudden  apprehension  of  danger. 

Heart-quake.    \  p 

Heart-sinking.)  rear* 

Hesitation.  Doub*  caused  by  fear  of  consequences.  See  Deter- 
mination-Vacillation. 

Horror.     A  painful  emotion  of  dread,  fear,  and  abhorrence. 

Inquietude.     The  state  of  being  disturbed  either  in  body  or  mind. 

Intimidation.     The  state  of  being  frightened. 

Misgiving.     The  state  of  being  deprived  of  confidence. 

Mistrust,  etc.     Want  of  confidence.     See  Faith-Misgiving. 

Mortal  funk.     A  shrinking  back  through  fear. 

Nervousness.      State  or  quality  of  being  timid. 

Palpitation.      A  rapid  pulsation  of  the  heart  caused  by  fear. 

Panic.     A  sudden  fright  affecting  numbers  at  once. 


Perturbation.     Agitation  of  mind  caused  by  fear. 

Qualm.     A  sudden  attack  of  pain  or  distress. 

Quivering.     A  trembling,  as  from  fear. 

Restlessness,  etc.     Uneasiness  caused  by  evil.     See  Adjectives, 

Scare.     Sudden  fright  produced  by  a  trifling  cause. 

Shaking.     A  trembling  or  quaking. 

Solicitude.     Uneasiness  of  mind  occasioned  by  fear  of  evil. 

Suspicion.     A  feeling  of  mistrust  or  fear. 

Terror.     Sudden  abject  fear. 

Throbbing  heart.     A  mark  of  fear. 

Timidity.     The  state  or  quality  of  wanting  courage  to  face  a  danger. 

Trembling.     An  involuntary  snaking  with  fear. 

Tremor.     A  shivering  or  shaking  as  with  fear. 

Trepidation.     A  state  of  terror  or  alarm. 

Want  of  confidence.     Timidity. 

Timidity — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Bite  noir  [F.].     A  black  beast. 

Bugaboo.     Anything  imaginary  that  causes  needless  fright. 

Bugbear.     Something  causing  needless  fright. 

Enfant  terrible    [F.].     Terrible  child;  one  that  annoys  by  ill-timed 

remarks. 
Fewfawfum.     A  mysterious  jargon  to  awe  the  foolish  or  ignorant, 

[Jack  the  Giant  Killer] 
Gorgon.     One  of  three  fabled  gisters,  with  snaky  hair  and  of  terrific 

aspect,  the  »ight  of  whom  turned  the  beholder  to  stone. 
Hobgoblin,  etc.     A  frightful  goblin.     See  Conceit. 
Hurlothrumbo.     The  chief  character  in  a  whimsical  play  entitled 

Hurlcth  rumbo,  or  the  Supernatural. 
Morm.     A  false  terror. 

Nightmare.     A  fiend  supposed  to  cause  trouble  in  sleep. 
Raw  head  and  bloody  bones.     Sights  that  inspire  fear  and  terror. 
Reign  of  Terror.     A  period  of  bloodshed  and  anarchy,  especially  in 

the  French  Revolution. 
Scarecrow.     Anything  terrifying  without  danger. 
Stampede.    Any  sudden  flight  or  dispersion  in  consequence  of  a  panic. 
Terrorism.     A  mode  of  government  by  terror  or  intimidation. 

Timidity — Verbs. 
Abash.     To  destroy  the  self-possession  of. 
Affright.     To  fill  with  sudden  fear. 

Alarm.    Tosurprise  with  the  apprehension  of  danger;  to  call  to  arm* 
Appall.     To  depress  with  fear  so  that  the  mind  shrinks. 
Apprehend.     To  fear. 

Astound.     To  strike  dumb  with  surprise  ;  to  thunderstrike. 
Awe.     To  strike  with  reverence  and  fear. 


SANGUINENESS. 


936 


SANGUINENESS— TIMIDITY. 


TIMIDITY— Continued. 


Be  afraid,  etc.     To  be  fearful.     See  Adjectives. 

Blanch.     To  cause  to  become  white,  as  from  fear  or  terror. 

Browbeat.     To  bear  down  or  intimidate  with  a  stern  or  haughty  look. 

Bully.     To  insult  in  a  more  blustering  than  courageous  manner. 

Cow.     To  depress  with  fear. 

Cower.     To  bend  down  with  fear. 

Crouch.     To  stoop  lowly  and  with  meanness  or  fear. 

Cry  "wolf."     To  give  a  false  alarm.     [^Esop's  fable.] 

Daunt.     To  restrain  by  fear. 

Deter.     To  prevent  by  fear. 

Discourage.     To  deprive  of  confidence ,  to  dishearten. 

Dismay.     To  bring  into  a  state  of  deep  and  gloomy  apprehension. 

Disquiet.     To  make  uneasy  or  disturb  the  tranquillity  of. 

Distrust,  etc.     To  have  no  confidence  in.     See  Faith-Misgiving. 

Excite  awe.     To  arouse  awe. 

Excite  fear.     To  arouse  fear. 

Eye  askance.     To  look  upon  with  doubt. 

Falter.     To  tremble. 

Fear.     To  be  in  apprehension  of  evil. 

Flinch.     To  withdraw  from  pain  or  danger. 

Flutter.     To  throw  into  confusion. 

Fly,  etc.     To  run  away  from  danger  or  alarm.     See  Quest-Evasion. 

Fright.     To  alarm  with  danger. 

Frighten.     To  disturb  with  fear. 

Fright  from  one's  propriety.     To  disturb  with  fear  so  that  one  neg- 
lects or  transgresses  propriety. 

Fright  out  of  one's  senses.  |  To  fri  hten  lhat  one  does  not  know 

Fright  out  of  one's  seven  senses.  >     wnat  ^  do 

Fright  out  of  one's  wits.  ) 

Funk.     To  shrink  back  from  fear. 

Give  an  alarm.     To  notify  of  danger. 

Grow  pale.     To  become  white  from  fear. 

Harrow  upon  the  soul.     To  torment  or  harass  the  soul. 

Haunt.     To  inhabit  as  a  ghost. 

Have  qualms,  etc.     To  have  scruples  of  conscience.     See  Nouns. 

Hesitate,  etc.     To  waver*,  be  uncertain  as  to  the  outcome.     See  De- 
termination-Vacillation. 

Horrify.     To  fill  with  horror  and  dread. 

Inspire  awe.     To  fill  with  or  cause  awe. 

Inspire  fear.     To  fill  with  or  cause  fear. 

Intimidate.     To  make  timid  or  fill  with  fear. 

Let  "I  dare  not"  wait  upon  "I  would."     Do  not  say  "I  would,"  but 
'*  I  dare  not." 

Make  one's  blood  run  cold.     To  cause  one  to  be  very  much  frightened. 

Make  one's  flesh  creep.     To  frighten  one  very  much. 

Make  one's  hairs  stand  on  end.     To  cause  one  to  be  much  terrified. 

Make  one's  teeth  chatter.     To  terrify. 

Make  one  tremble,  etc.     To  cause  one  to  quake. 

Not  dare  to  say  one's  soul  is  one's  own.     To  be  very  much  frightened. 

Overawe.     To  restrain  by  awe  or  fear. 

Petrify.     To  become  stone  from  fear. 

Prey  on  the  mind.     To  trouble  the  mind. 

Put  in  bodily  fear.     To  put  in  fear  of  bodily  injury. 

Put  in  fear.     To  bring  into  a  condition  of  fear. 

Quail.     To  sink  into  dejection. 

Quake.     To  shake  with  fear. 

Quaver.      To  tremble. 

Quiver.     To  tremble  or  quake. 

Raise  an  alarm.     To  create  a  feeling  of  danger. 

Raise  apprehensions.     To  raise  causes  for  fear. 

Scare.     To  frighten. 

Shake.     To  tremble;  quiver. 

Shake  all  over.     To  tremble  very  much. 

Shake  like  an  aspen-leaf.     To  be  thoroughly  frightened. 

Shiver.     To  quake  or  tremble. 

Shiver  in  one's  shoes.     To  tremble  from  fright. 

Shrink.     To  recoil  from  in  fear  or  horror. 

Shudder.     To  tremble  with  horror  or  fear. 

Shy.     To  start  aside  suddenly  from  fright. 

Sit  upon  thorns.     To  be  in  a  state  of  apprehension  or  nervous  excite. 

ment. 
Skulk,  etc.     To  get  out  of  the  way  of  danger  in  a  sneaking,  cowardly 

manner.     See  Bravery-Cowardice. 
Sound  an  alarm.     To  give  notice  of  danger. 
Stand  aghast.     To  stand  stupefied  with  sudden  fright. 
Stand  in  awe  of.     To  be  in  fear  of. 

Start.     To  move  suddenly,  as  from  surprise,  pain,  or  fear. 
Startle.     To  excite  by  sudden  alarm. 
Stop  one's  breath.      To  cause  one's  breath  to  cease. 
Strike  all  of  a  heap.     To  surprise  or  frighten  utterly. 
Strike  an  awe  into.     To  fill  with  awe. 
Strike  terror.     To  cause  terror. 
Take  alarm.     To  become  alarmed. 


Take  away  one's  breath.     To  frighten  utterly. 

Take  fright.     To  become  frightened. 

Terrify.     To  fill  with  terror  or  fear. 

Terrorize.     To  strike  with  terror. 

Threaten,   etc.     To   hold   up   as   a   terror.     See  Charitableness- 

Menace. 
Tremble.     To  shake  from  fear. 
Tremble  all  over.     To  be  much  frightened. 
Tremble  like  an  aspen-leaf.     To  be  frightened  so  as  to  tremble  very 

much. 
Turn  pale.     To  become  pale. 
Unman.     To  deprive  of  courage. 

Weigh  on  the  mind.     To  burden  or  trouble  the  mind. 
Wince.     To  shrink  from. 

Timidity — Adjectives. 

Afraid.     Somewhat  impressed  with  fear. 

Afraid  of  one's  own  shadow.     Needlessly  or  excessively  afraid. 

Aghast.     Stupefied  with  sudden  horror  or  fright. 

Alarming.     Causing  apprehension  of  danger. 

Apprehensive.     Fearful  of  or  expecting  danger. 

Awe-inspiring.     Filling  with  awe. 

Awestricken.  j  Im         ed  ^  awe. 

Awestruck.    J 

Awful.     Frightful;  horrible. 

Breathless.     Out  of  breath,  as  from  fright  or  violent  exercise. 

Coy.     Shrinking  from  approach. 

Diffident.     Not  self-reliant;  suspicious. 

Dire.     Horrible;  dreadful;  dismal. 

Direful.     Dreadful;  terrible. 

Dread.     Exciting  apprehension  or  great  fear. 

Dreadful.     Inspiring  dread  or  fear. 

Faint-hearted.     Not  courageous;  timorous. 

Fearful.     Inspiring  horror  or  fear. 

Fearing,  etc.     Being  filled  with  fear.     See  Verbs, 

Fearsome.     Easily  frightened;  timid. 

Fell.     Fierce;  barbarous. 

Fidgety.     Restless;  nervous;  uneasy. 

Formidable.     Adapted  to  cause  fear  or  shrinking  from. 

Frightened,  etc.     Excited  by  fright.     See  Verbs. 

Frightened  to  death.     Very  much  frightened. 

Ghastly.     Horrible;  shocking;  dreadful. 

Haunted  with  the  fear  of.     Continually  fearing  something. 

Horrible.     Inspiring  horror. 

Horrid.     Disagreeable;  horrible. 

Horrific.     Causing  horror. 

Horror-stricken.  1  ,  ssed  ^  awe. 

Horror-struck.    ) 

In  a  fright,  etc.     Frightened.     See  Nouns. 

In  fear,  etc.     Fearing.     See  Nouns. 

In  hysterics.     In  a  state  of  excessive  nervous  excitement,  as  hysteria. 

Inspiring  fear,  etc.     Causing  or  filling  with  fear.     See  Nouns. 

More  frightened  than  hurt.     Very  much  frightened,  but  little  hurt. 

Nervous.     Having  weak  nerves ;  easily  excited. 

Pale  as  a  ghost. "I 

Pale  as  ashes.     >  Thoroughly  overcome  by  fright. 

Pale  as  death.    ) 

Panic-stricken.  |  ,  ssed  or  filled  with  panic. 

Panic-struck.    >       K 

Perilous,  etc.     Full  of  risk;  dangerous.     See  Secuj-ity-Insecumtt. 

Portentous.     Foreshadowing  ill. 

Redoubtable.     Formidable;  dreadful. 

Restless.     Uneasy;  disturbed. 

Revolting,  etc.     Shocking;  offensive.     See  Pleasurablehbss-Pain- 

FULNESS. 

Shaky.     Trembling. 

Shocking     Striking  with  horror. 

Terrible.     Exciting  terror;  dreadful. 

Terrific.     Adapted  to  excite  great  fear  or  dread. 

SSSEST*}  *"*■•- <^ith  terror. 
Timid.     Wanting  courage ;  easily  frightened. 
Timorous.     Fearful  of  danger. 
Tremendous.     Adapted  to  excite  dread  or  fear. 
Tremulous.     Shaking;  quivering. 
White  as  a  sheet.     Pale  from  fear. 

Timidity — Adverb. 
In  lerrorem  (L.).     In  terror. 

Timidity — Phrases. 
"Angels  and  ministers  of  grace  defend  us."    (Shakespeare,  Hamlet. 

I.  ir  J 


SANGUINENESS. 


937 

TIMIDITY— Continued. 


SATIS. 


Ante  f*bam  trepidat    [L.J, 

lounds. 
Expertus  metuii   [L.].      Having  experienced,  he   fears. 

Epistles,  I,xviii,87.] 
Horresco  rtperens  [L.].     I  shudder  to  relate. 


He  trembles  even  before  the  trumpet 
(Horace, 


Obstupui  sieteruntque  coma  ft  vox  faucibus  hasit  [L.J.  I  was 
amazed,  and  my  hair  stood  on  end  and  my  voice  clung  in  my 
throat.     [Virgil,  JEneid  iii,  204.] 

One's  heart  failing  one.  One's  courage  leaving  one.  Virgil,  Mneid 
u,  774-] 


san-guin'-o-lent.     Bloody.     Life-Killing. 

San'-he-drim.  The  supreme  council  of  the  Jewish 
nation.     Church,  Council. 

sa'-ni-es.     Discharge  from  an  ulcer.     Liquid-Gas. 

sanitaire,  cordon  [F.]  (so.-ni-ter',  cor-don-').  A  guard 
to  prevent  the  spread  of  disease.  Conservation, 
Security-Insecurity. 

8an"-i-ta'-ri-an.  Relating  to  the  public  health. 
Healthiness-Unhealthiness. 

san"-i-ta'-ri-um.  A  health  retreat.  Healthiness- 
Unhealthiness. 

san'-i-ta-ry.  Relating  to  preservation  of  health. 
Healthiness-Unhealthiness. 

san'-i-ty.  Soundness  of  mind.  Health-Sickness, 
Saneness-Lunacy. 

sans  [P.]  (senv) .     Without.     Presence-Absence. 

sans  cirimonie  [F.]  (son'  se-re-mo-ni') .  Without  cere- 
mony.    Amity-Hostility,  Sociability-Privacy. 

sans  culotte  [F.]  (son-"  cu'Mot').  Without  breeches; 
one  of  a  revolutionary  mob.  Gentility-Common- 
alty, Insubordination-Obedience. 

sans  jacon  [F.]  (can-  fa-son').  Without  fashion.  Con- 
ceit-Diffidence, Embellishment-Simplicity,  So- 
ciability-Privacy. 

sans  pared  [F.]  (san-  pa-rey').     Without  an  equal.    Su- 

PREMACY-SUBORDINACY. 

sans  peur  et  sans  reproche  [F.]  (san-  pur  6  son-  re- 
prosh') .  Without  fear  and  without  reproach.  Fault- 
lessness-Faultiness,  Reputation-Discredit,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

sans  souci[F.]  (san-  su"-si').  Without  care.  Content- 
edne-ss-Discontentment,  Pleasure-Pain,  Sensi- 
tiveness-Apathy. 

San'-skrit.  The  oldest  Indo-European  language.  Nov- 
elty-Antiquity. 

santi,  maison  de  [F.]  (san--te',  me-zon-'  de).  An  insane 
retreat.     Remedy-Bane. 

Santiago  [Sp.]  (san-ti-a'-go) .  St.  James;  a  Spanish 
battle-cry.     Patriotism-Treason. 

santo  diavolo  vecchio,  giovine  [It.]  (san'-to  di-a-vo'-lo 
vech'-I-o,  jo-vi'-ne).  Young  saint,  old  devil.  God- 
liness-Ungodliness. 

san'-ton.  A  Mohammedan  hermit.  Ministry-Laity, 
Sociability-Privacy. 

sap.  The  juice  of  plants;  to  wear  away  gradually;  to 
undermine.  Attack-Defense,  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Convexity-Concavity,  Creation- 
Destruction,  Liquid-Gas,  Subjectiveness-Ob- 
jectiveness;  sap  the  foundations,  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Creation-Destruction. 

sap'-id.     Having  flavor.     Savor-Tastelessness. 

sa-pi-ent.     Wise.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

sapienti,  sat  est,  dictum  [L.]  (se-pi-en'-tai,  sat  est,  dic'- 
tum).  A  word  to  the  wise  is  sufficient.  Enough, 
Heed-Disregard. 

sapientes,  tenus  barba  [L.]  (se-pi-en'-tiz,  ti'-nus  bar'- 
ba).     Sages  as  far  as  the  beard.     Sage-Fool. 

sap'-less.     Destitute   of  sap.  Dampness-Dryness, 

Strength- Weakness. 

sap'-ling.     A  young  tree.     Infant-Veteran. 

sap"-o-na'-ceous.     Soapy.     Pulpiness-Oiliness. 

8ap"-o-rif'-ic.     Imparting  a  taste.     Savor-Tasteless- 

NESS. 

sap'-per.  A  soldier  employed  in  making  trenches;  a 
wood-turning  tool.  Belligerent,  Convexity-Con- 
cavity. 


sap'-pers  and  mi'-ners.  Soldiers  employed  in  undermin- 
ing.    Preparation-Nonpreparation.  t 

Sap'-phic.  A  verse  or  stanza  in  poetry.  Poetry-  I 
Prose. 

sap'-phire.     A   gem   of  a   blue   color.  Blueness- 

Orange,  Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

sap'-py.  Full  of  sap;  young;  silly.  Infancy-Age, 
Liquid-Gas,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

sara,  sara,  che  [It.]  (sa'-ra,  sa'-ra,  ke).  What  will  be, 
will  be.     Volition-Obligation. 

sar'-a-band.  A  Spanish  dance.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

sar'-casm.  A  scornful  or  taunting  expression.  Adu- 
lation-Disparagement, Approval  -  Disapproval, 
Regard-Disrespect,  Rhetoric. 

sar-cas'-tic.  Keen  or  taunting.  Adulation-Dispar- 
agement, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Regard-Dis- 
respect, Rhetoric,  Society-Derision. 

sar-co'-ma.     A  tumor.     Convexity-Concavity. 

sar-coph'-a-gus.     A  stone  coffin.     Life-Funeral. 

sar"-cu-la'-tion.  Raking  together.  Multiplicity- 
Paucity. 

sard.  A  blood-red  gem.  Embellishment-Disfig- 
urement. 

Sar"-da-na-pa'-lus.  A  king  of  ancient  Assyria.  Mod- 
eration-Voluptuary. 

sar-don'-ic.  Sneering;  mocking.  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement, Approval-Disapproval;  sardonic 
grin,  Approval-Disapproval,  Jubilation-Lamen- 
tation, Society-Derision. 

•ar'-dc-nyx.  A  variety  of  onyx.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement. 

sark.     A  shirt.     Dress-Undress. 

sar-to'-ri-al.     Pertaining  to  a  tailor.     Dress-Undress. 

sash.  An  ornamental  band  around  the  waist.  Circle- 
Winding. 

sas'-sa-fras.  A  tree  of  the  laurel  family  whose  roots 
are  used  as  a  stimulant.  Perfume-Stench,  Rem- 
edy-Bane. 

Sa'-tan.     The  devil.     Angel-Satan. 

sa-tan'-ic.  Devilish.  Angel -Satan,  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence, Virtue-Vice. 

Sa'-tan-ism.     Satanic  doctrine.     Angel-Satan. 

satch'-el.     A  small  hand-bag.     Contents-Receiver. 

sate.     To  satisfy  the  appetite.     Desire-Repletion. 

sat'-el-lite.  A  secondary  planet;  a  servant.  Antag- 
onist-Assistant, Astronomy,  Chief-Underling, 
Leading -Following,  Solitude-Company,  Uni- 
verse. 

sa'-ti-ate.  Gratify  to  the  utmost.  Desire-Reple- 
tion, Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

sa'-ti-at"-ed.  Well  satisfied;  surfeited.  Desire-Re- 
pletion. 

sa-ti'-e-ty.  State  of  being  satisfied  to  the  utmost.  De- 
sire-Repletion, Enough. 

sat'-in.  A  silk  fabric  with  glossy  surface.  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness. 

sat'-ire.  Keenness  of  wit  and  ridicule.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Society-Derision. 

sa-tir'-ic-al.  Ridiculing.  Adulation-Disparagement, 
Approval-Disapproval. 

sat'-i-rist.     A  writer  of  satires.     Flatterer-Defamer, 

sat'-i-rize.  Ridicule.  Approval-Disapproval,  Soci- 
ety-Derision. 

satis,  eheu  jam  [L.]  (se'-tis  l'-hiu  jam)  Alas,  it  is  suf- 
ficient.    Desire-Repletion. 


SATISFACTION'. 


938 


SAVOR— TASTELESSNESS. 


gat"-is-fac'-tion  Making  of  amends,  reparation,  or 
payment.  Atonement,  Contentedness  -  Discon- 
tentment, Desire-Repletion,  Duty-Dereliction, 
Enough,  Observance-Nonobservance,  Pleasure- 
Pain,  Settlement-Default,  Strife-Peace;  hail 
with  satisfaction,  Approval-Disapproval. 

sat"-is-fac'-to-ri-ly.  Giving  satisfaction.  Faith-Mis- 
giving, Good-Evil. 

sat"-is-fac'-to-ry.  Answering  fully  all  requirements. 
Contentedness-Discontentment,  Enough,  Faith- 
Misgiving,  Goodness-Badness,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

sat'-is-fied".  Contented.  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment, Faith-Misgiving. 

sat'-is-fy .  To  cause  to  have  enough ;  to  free  from  doubt ; 
to  pay  a  debt.  Consent,  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment, Desire-Repletion,  Enough,  Faith- 
Misgiving,  Investigation-Answer,  Observance- 
Nonobservance,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness, 
Recompense  -  Punition,  Settlement-  Default; 
satisfy  an  obligation,  Duty-Dereliction;  satisfy 
oneself,  Faith-Misgiving. 

satis  superque  [L]  (se'tis  siu-per'-qui) .  Enough  and 
more.     Excess-Lack. 

sa'-trap.  Governor  of  a  Persian  province.  Chief- 
Underling. 

sat'-u-rate.  To  fill  to  the  utmost  extent.  Dampness- 
Dryness,  Desire -Repletion,  Entirety- Defi- 
ciency. 

sat'-u-ra"-ted.  Filled  with.  Dampness-Dryness,  Mag- 
nitude-Smallness. 

sat"-u-ra'-tion.  Full  impregnation.  Desire  -  Re- 
pletion, Entirety-Deficiency. 

Sat'-um.     A  planet.     Astronomy. 

Sat"-ur-na'-li-a.  The  Roman  feast  of  Saturn;  season 
of  revelry.  Entertainment-Weariness,  Modera- 
tion-Selfindulgence,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

Sa-tur'-ni-an.  Characterized  by  virtue  and  happiness. 
Innocence-Guilt,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness  ; 
Saturnian  age,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

Saturnia  regna  [L.]  (sa-tur'-ni-a  reg'-na).  Saturnian 
reign.     Pleasure-Pain,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

sat'-ur-nine .  Gloomy  disposition.  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection. 

sat'-yr.  An  ugly  woodland  deity;  a  lascivious  person. 
Beauty-Ugliness,  Jove-Fiend,  Purity-Rake. 

sauce.  An  appetizing  dressing  for  food;  insolent  lan- 
guage. Charitableness-Curse,  Condiment,  In- 
crement-Remnant, Mixture-Homogeneity;  pay 
sauce  for  all,  Settlement-Default. 

sauce'-box".  A  saucy  person.  Brawler,  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness. 

sauce'-pan".  A  small  cooking  pan.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

sauce  piquante  [F.]  (sos  pi-kant').  Cutting  language. 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 


sau'-cer.  A  small  dish;  widely  opened  eyes.  Con- 
tents-Receiver; saucer  eyes,  Sight-Blindness. 

sau'-ci-ness.  Impudence.  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness. 

sau'-cy.  Impertinently  bold.  Politeness-Impolitb- 
ness,  Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

saun'-ter.  To  walk  in  an  aimless  manner.  Swiftness- 
Slowness,  Traveling-Navigation. 

saute  aux  yeux,  cela  [F.]  (sot  oz  yu,  se-la').  That  leaps 
to  the  eyes.     Manifestation-Latency. 

sau'-vage.  Of  a  wild  and  untamed  nature.  Socia- 
bility-Privacy. 

sauve  qui  peut  [F.]  (sov  ki  pu).  Escape  who  can. 
Alarm,  Bravery -Cowardice,  Hurry -Leisure, 
Quest-Evasion. 

sav'-age.  A  man  of  the  woods;  uncivilized;  brutal; 
fierce;  cruel.  Benefactor-Evildoer,  Bravery- 
Cowardice,  Charitableness- Malevolence,  Fa- 
vorite-Anger, Gentility- Commonalty,  Tastb- 
Vulgarity,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

sav'-age-ry.   Cruelty.  Charitableness-Malevolence. 

sa-van'-na.     A  tract  of  level  land.     Gulf-Plain. 

sa"-vant'.  A  professional  scientist.  Knowledge-Ig- 
norance, Scholar-Dunce. 

save.  Keep  from  injury  or  evil;  make  allowance  for; 
except.  Addition -Subtraction,  Conservation, 
Conventionality-Unconventionality,  Generos- 
ity-Frugality, Inclusion -Omission,  Rescue, 
Store;  God  save,  Devotion-Idolatry,  Divinity; 
save  and  except,  Addition-Subtraction,  Convbn- 
tionality-Unconventionality;  save  money,  Gbn- 
erosity-Frugality;  save  one's  bacon,  Escape;  save 
the  necessity,  Duty-Immunity;  save  us,  Obstruo- 
tion-Help. 

save'-all".  A  contrivance  for  preventing  waste.  Gen- 
erosity-Frugality. 

saved.     Preserved.     Rescue. 

sa'-ving.  Preservation  from  loss  or  danger;  frugal; 
excepting.  Generosity-Frugality;  saving  clause, 
Modification. 

sa'-ving-ness.     Frugality.     Generosity-Frugality. 

sa'-vings.      Money  saved  from  expenditure.      Gener- 
osity-Frugality, Store. 
Sa'-viour.    One  who  saves;  Christ.    Benefactor-Evil- 
doer, Divinity. 

savoir  jaire  [F.]  (sa-vwar'  fer).  To  know  how  t« 
do.  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Society-Ludicrous- 
ness. 

savoir  grd  [F.]  (sa-vwar'  gre).  To  take  it  kindly. 
Thankfulness-Thanklessness. 

savoir  vivre  [F.]  (sa-vwar"  vivr).  Good  breeding. 
Skill-Unskilfulness,  Sociability-Privacy,  So- 
ciety -  Ludicrousness. 

sa'-vor.  Quality  that  affects  taste  and  smell.  Savor- 
Tastelessness;  savor  of,  Likeness-Unlikeness; 
savor  of  the  reality,  Property. 


SAVOR— TASTELESSNESS. 


After-taste.     A  taste  succeeding  eating  or  drinking. 

Degustation.      A  tasting. 

JHavor.     That  quality  which  affects  the  taste. 

uust.     The  sense  of  tasting. 

Gustation.     The  act  of  tasting. 

Gusto.     Keen  enjoyment;  relish. 

Sapidity.     Tastefulness. 

Sapor.     Taste;  the  power  of  affecting  the  organs  of  taste. 

Savor.     Flavor;  taste. 

Smack.  \  A  taste  or  flavor,  such  as  to  suggest  the  quality  of  some- 

Smatch.  >       thing  tasted. 

Tang.     A  strong  or  specific  taste. 

Taste.      A  certain  sensation  excited  by  some  bodies  when  applied  to 

the  tongue  and  palate. 
T.asting.     The  act  of  taking  a  taste. 
Twang.     A  disagreeable  after-taste  left  in  the  mouth. 


Insipidity.     The  quality  of  being  tasteless. 

Tastelessness.     The  quality  or  state  of  having  no  distinctive  ftavo* 
See  Adjectives. 

Tastelessness — Verb. 

Be  tasteless.     Be  without  taste. 

Tastelessness — Adjectives. 

Fade  [P.J      Flat;  tasteless. 
Flat.     Lacking  taste. 
Gustless.     Without  taste. 
Ingustible.      Having  no  taste. 
Insipid.      Tasteless. 
Mawkish.      Disgusting;  insipid. 
Mild.     Having  little  taste. 
Milk  and  water.     Weak-tasting. 


SAVOR. 


939 


SCANTY. 


SAVOR— TASTELESSNESS— Con  ttn  ued. 


Savor — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Palate.     An  organ  of  taste. 
Stomach.     An  organ  of  digestion. 
Tongue.     An  organ  of  taste. 
Tooth.     An  instrument  of  mastication. 


Savor — Verbs. 

Flavor.     To  communicate  a  quality  of  taste  to. 

Savor.     To  have  a  particular  taste. 

Smack.     To  have  a  taste. 

Smack  the  lips.     To  make  a  noise  byseparating  the  lips  after  tasting 

anything. 
Smatch.     To  have  a  taste. 
Taste.      To  try  the  flavor  of. 
Tickle  the  palate.     To  agreeably  affect  the  taste.     See  Palatablb- 

NESS. 

Twang.     To  leave  a  disagreeable  taste  in  the  mouth. 

sa'-vor-i-ness.  Pleasant  taste  or  smell.  Palatable- 
ness-Unpalatableness.  , 

sa'-vor-less.    Tasteless.     Savor-Tastelessness. 

sa'-vor-y.  Palatable.  Palatableness-Unpalatable- 
ness. 

saw.  A  cutting  tool;  to  cut  with  a  saw;  a  worn-out 
saying.  Adage-Nonsense,  Indentation,  Union- 
Disunion;  saw  the  air,  Sign. 

saw'-der.  Flattery.  Soft  sawder,  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement, Pretext. 

saw'-dust".  Fragments  of  wood  cut  out  by  a  saw. 
Friability. 

saw'-ney.     A  simpleton.     Sage-Fool. 

sax'-horn".  A  brass  wind-instrument.  Musical  In- 
struments. 

Sax'-on.  Pure  idiomatic  English.  Purity-Crudeness, 
Simplicity-Floridness. 

say.  To  utter  words;  suppose;  testimony.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Speech-Inarticu- 
lateness; have  one's  say,  Assertion  -  Denial, 
Speech-Inarticulateness;  say  by  heart,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness;  say  no,  Assent-Dissent; 
say  nothing,  Talkativeness-Taciturnity;  say  one's 
prayers,  Devotion-Idolatry;  say  to  oneself,  Con- 
versation-Monologue; say  what  comes  uppermost, 
Predetermination-Impulse;  that  is  to  say,  Inter- 
pretation-Misinterpretation; what  do  you  say  to 
that,  Astonishment-Expectance;  you  don't  say  so, 
Astonishment-Expectance. 

say'-ing.  A  statement;  a  maxim.  Adage-Nonsense, 
Assertion-Denial. 

sbir'-ro.    Italian  police  officer.    Judicature. 

scab.  A  non-union  workman.  Conventionality-Un- 
conventionality. 

scab'-bard.  Sheath  of  a  sword.  Contents-Receiver; 
throw  away  the  scabbard,  Determination- Vacilla- 
tion, Fighting-Conciliation. 

scab'-by.  Full  of  scabs;  mean;  vile.  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

sca'-brous.     Rough.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

scaf'-fold.    An  elevated  structure.    Preparation-Non- 
preparation,   Recompense-Scourge,  Suspension- 
Support. 
scaf'-fold-ing.     A  scaffold  about  a  structure  in  course  of 

preparation.     Preparation-Nonpreparation. 
scagl-io'-la.     Polished  plasterwork,  imitating  marble  or 

granite.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 
scald.    To  burn  with  a  hot  liquid;  a  Scandinavian  bard. 

Heating-Cooling,  Poetry-Prose. 
scale.  To  climb;  an  instrument  for  weighing;  a  graded 
series;  to  divide  into  portions.  Ascent-Descent, 
Continuity-Interruption,  Cover-Lining,  Heavi- 
ness-Lightness, Lamina-Fiber,  Melody-Disso- 
nance, Mensuration,  Station;  hold  the  scales,  De- 


TASTELESSNESS— Adjectives— Continued 

Savorless.     Tasteless. 

Stale.     Old  to  the  taste. 

Tasteless.     Without  a  particular  flavor 

Untasted.     Not  having  been  tasted. 

Vapid.     Insipid. 

Void  of  taste.     Tasteless. 

Weak.     Defective  in  stimulative  properties. 

WilhT-washT.     Very  much  diluted  and  weak  to  the  taste 


SAVOR — Continued. 
Savor — Adjectives. 

Gustable.     Pleasant  to  the  taste. 

Gustatory.     Pertaining  to  the  taste. 

Palatable.     Agreeable  to  the  taste.     See  Palatablknkss. 

Sapid.     Affecting  the  taste. 

Saporific.     Having  the  power  to  produce  taste. 

Strong.     Forcibly  affecting  the  taste. 

cision-Misjudgment;  hold  the  scales  even,  Right- 
Wrong;  scales  falling  from  the  eyes,  Sight-Blind- 
nesi;  scales  of  justice,  Right-Wrong;  scale  the 
heights,  Ascent-Descent;  scale  the  walls,  Attack- 
Defense;  turn  the  scale,  Conversion-Reversion, 
Dominance  -  Impotence,  Evidence  -  Counterevi- 
dence,  Motive-Caprice. 

sca-lene'.  In  geometry  a  triangle  no  two  of  whose  sides 
are  equal.    Angularity,  Proportion-Deformity. 

scal'-lop.  A  semicircular  curve  in  ornamental  work. 
Circle-Winding,  Indentation. 

scalp.     To  denude.     Dress-Undress. 

scal'-pel".    A  surgeon's  knife.    Sharpness-Bluntness. 

sca'-ly.     Laminar.     Cover-Lining,  Lamina-Fiber. 

scam'-ble.     To  scatter.     Union-Disunion. 

scamp.  A  confirmed  rogue.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness, Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

scamped.  Performed  carelessly  or  dishonestly.  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

scam'-per.  To  run  rapidly.  Swiftness-Slowness; 
scamper  off,  Quest-Evasion. 

scamp'-ish.    Rascally.    Virtue-Vice. 

scan.  To  examine  carefully;  to  divide  into  metrical 
feet.  Heed-Disregard,  Investigation-Answer, 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Poetry-Prose,  Sight- 
Blindness. 

scan'-dal.  Evil  reports.  Adulation-Disparagement, 
Justification  -Charge,  Reputation -Discredit, 
Tidings-Mystery,  Virtue-Vice. 

scandaleuse,  chronique  [F.]  (sccm-da-luz',  cro-nik'). 
Chronicle  of  scandals.     Adulation-Disparagement. 

scan'-dal-ize.  To  bring  into  reproach.  Approval-Dis- 
approval. 

scan'-dal-ized.  Brought  into  reproach.  Approval- 
Disapproval. 

scan'-dal-mon-ger.  One  who  spreads  evil  reports. 
Tidings-Mystery. 

scan'-dal-ous.  Disgraceful.  Reputation-Discredit, 
Virtue-Vice. 

scandalum  magnatum  [L.]  (scan'-dal-um  mag-ne'-ttrm). 
Defamation  of  persons  of  rank  and  dignity.  Adula- 
tion-Disparagement, Justification-Charge,  Rep- 
utation-Discredit. 

scan'-dent.     Climbing.     Ascent-Descent. 

scant.  Small  in  measure  or  quantity.  Breadth-Nar- 
rowness, Excess-Lack,  Greatness-Littleness, 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Multiplicity-Paucity. 

scant'-i-ness.     Meagerness.     Enough. 

scant'-ling.  A  piece  of  timber;  a  set  of  dimensions;  a 
rough  sketch.  Breadth-Narrowness,  Copy-Model, 
Greatness  -  Littleness,  Magnitude  -  Smallness, 
Multiplicity-Paucity. 

scant'-y.  Small  in  quantity  or  number.  Breadth- 
Narrowness,     Excess-Lack,     Greatness-Littlb- 


SCANTY. 


940 


SCHEMIST. 


ness,  Magnitude  -Smallness,  Multiplicity -Pau- 
city. 

scape.     To  escape.     Escape. 

scape'-goat".  The  sacrificial  goat;  a  person  made  to 
bear  the  blame  of  another.  Atonement,  Commuta- 
tion-Permutation. 

scape'-grace".  An  incorrigible  fellow.  Good  Man- 
Bad  Man,  Recklessness-Caution. 

scapin  [F.]  (sea-pan').  A  knave.  Gull-Deceiver, 
Uprightness-Rogue. 

scap'-u-la.     Shoulder-blade.     Anatomy. 

scap'-u-lar.  Pertaining  to  the  scapula.  Scapular  fossa, 
Anatomy. 

scap'-u-la-ry.  Pertaining  to  the  scapula,  a  garment  of 
certain  orders  of  monks.     Vestments. 

scar.  A  mark  left  by  an  injury;  indentation  made  by 
the  waves.  Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Mark- 
Obliteration,  Ocean-Land. 

scar'-a-mouch".     A  boastful,  cowardly  person.     Wag. 

scarce.  Not  plentiful;  to  be  absent.  Excess-Lack, 
Frequency-Rarity;  make  oneself  scarce,  Presence- 
Absence,  Quest-Evasion. 

scarcc'-ly.  Not  quite;  hardly.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness;  scarcely  any,  Multiplicity-Paucity;  scarcely 
anything,  Consequence-Insignificance;  scarcely 
ever,  Frequency-Rarity. 

scar'-ci-ty.     Rarity.     Enough. 

scare.    To  frighten.    Sanguineness-Timidity. 

scare'-crow".  Anything  set  lip  to  scare  birds  from 
crops.    Beauty-Ugliness,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

scarf.  A  woven  sash  worn  about  the  head  and  neck; 
a  sash.    Dress-Undress,  Vestments. 

scarf'-skin".  The  outer  layer  of  the  skin.  Cover- 
Lining. 

scar'-i-fy.  To  scratch  or  make  small  incisions  in. 
Indentation,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

scar'-let.  Bright  red  color.  Redness-Greenness; 
scarlet  woman  [Revelation  xvii,  4,  5],  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 

scarp.  A  steep  slope.  Attack-Defense,  Parallel- 
ism-Inclination. 

scath.  To  injure  severely.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Goodness-Badness. 

scath'-ful.     Injurious.     Goodness-Badness. 

scath'-less.  Free  from  harm  or  injury.  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness. 

scat'-ter.  To  throw  around.  Concentration-Radia- 
tion, Gathering-Scattering,  Organization-Dis- 
organization; scatter  to  the  winds,  Creation-De- 
struction, Proof-Disproof. 

scat'-ter-brained".  Without  concentration  of  mind. 
Heed-Disregard,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

scat'-ter-ing.     Dispersion.     Gathering-Scattering. 

scat'-ter-ling.     A  vagrant.     Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

scav'-en-ger.  A  street-cleaner.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness. 

scene.  A  locality;  place  represented  on  the  stage;  a 
display  of  passion.  Acting,  Appearance-Dis- 
appearance, Excitability-Inexcitability,  Paint- 
ing; scene  of  action,  Lists. 

scene'-paint"-er.  One  who  paints  scenes  for  theaters. 
Artist. 

scene'-paint"-ing.  Art  of  painting  scenery.  Paint- 
ing. 

sce'-ner-y.  Appearance;  view.  Appearance-Dis- 
appearance. 

scen'-ic.  Picturesque;  pertaining  to  stage  scenery  or 
setting.     Acting. 

scen-og'-ra-phy.  Art  of  making  drawings  in  perspec- 
tive.    Painting. 

scent'.  Odor;  to  trace  by  the  sense  of  smell;  to  per- 
ceive through  some  faint  evidence.  Discovery, 
Faith-Misgiving,  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Mark- 
Obliteration,    Odor-Inodorousness     Sign;     get 


scent  of,  Enlightenment-Secrecy;  on  the  right 
scent,  Investigation-Answer;  on  the  scent,  Inves- 
tigation-Answer, Quest-Evasion;  put  on  a  new 
scent,  Aim-Aberration;  scent  from  afar,  Pre- 
vision ;  throw  off  the  scent,  Quest-Evasion. 

scent'-bag".  A  scent-gland  in  an  animal.  Perfume- 
Stench. 

scent'-ed.     Perfumed.     Perfume-Stench. 

scent'-less.     Without  odor.     Odor-Inodorousness. 

scep'-ter.  A  staff  or  baton,  as  an  emblem  of  au- 
thority.    Scepter;  sway  the  scepter,  Rule-License. 

SCEPTER. 

Badge  of  authority.     Anything  that  designates  authority. 

Baton.     A  rod  or  staff  showing  authority. 

Cap  of  maintenance.  Scarlet  cap  of  velvet  borne  before  English  sov- 
ereigns at  coronation. 

Chair.     The  seat  of  one  having  power  or  authority. 

Coronet.     Crown  of  inferior  rank. 

Crown.     The  head-piece  of  a  sovereign  denoting  his  power. 

Dais.     A  raised  platform  for  the  seats  of  those  in  power. 

Decoration.  Anything  worn  or  carried  as  a  designation  of  honor  or 
authority. 

Diadem.     A  crown. 

Divan.     A  room  of  state. 

Emblem.     A  flag  or  badge  of  office. 

Ensign  of  authority.     A  distinguishing  mark,  as  of  rank  or  office. 

Ermine.     The  official  robe  of  a  judge. 

Fasces  [L.J.  A  bundle  of  rods  borne  bylictors  in  ancient  Rome,  desig- 
nating authority. 

Flag,  etc.  A  piece  of  cloth,  plain  or  otherwise,  used  as  a  standard  or 
emblem  of  authority.     See  Indication. 

Helm.     The  responsibility  or  office  of  government. 

Insignia  of  authority.  Things  as  badges,  ribbons,  etc.,  used  as  marks 
of  distinction  or  office. 

Key.     A  position  or  condition  conveying  authority  or  power. 

Mace.  A  club-shaped  staff  symbolic  of  authority  over  a  legislative 
body. 

Mantle.     A  royal  robe. 

Musnud.     A  raised  seat  of  honor. 

Pall.  A  mantle;  a  Y-shaped  figure  designating  the  authority  of  a 
bishop. 

Portfolio.     The  office  of  a  cabinet  minister. 

Purple.      A  purple  garment  worn  by  kings;  hence,  kingly  power. 

Regalia.     Whatever  designates  royalty. 

Reins,  etc.  Restraint  exercised  by  a  governing  power.  See  Re- 
lease-Prison. 

Robes  of  state.     A  garment  worn  as  a  badge  of  office  or  rank. 

Rod  of  empire.  The  authority  exercised  by  sovereignty.  [Gray, 
Elegy  in  a  Country  Churchyard.] 

Scepter.     An  ornamented  staff  symbolic  of  sovereignty. 

Seal.     That  which  confirms  or  ratifies  authority. 

Signet.     A  sovereign's  private  seal. 

Staff.     An  emblem  of  authority;  a  baton  or  scepter. 

Staff  of  office.     A  staff  indicative  of  authority. 

Talisman.     Something  that  gives  secret  and  wonderful  power. 

Throne.     A  royal  chair  of  state. 

Tiara.     A  head-dress  showing  princely  rank. 

Title,  etc.  An  appellation  of  honor  or  authority;  right  to  govern 
See  Title. 

Toga.     A  Roman  outer  garment,  the  garb  of  the  Roman  senators. 

Truncheon.     Official  badge  of  earl  marshal  of  England. 

Wand.     A  staff  designating  authority. 

Woolsack.     The  cushion  of  the  Lord  Chancellor  of  England. 

scep'-tic,  or  skep'-tic.  A  doubter  of  divine  revelation. 
Credulousness  -  Skepticism,  Godliness  -  Disbe- 
lief, Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

scep'-tic-al,  or  skep'-tic-al.  Like  a  skeptic.  Credulous- 
ness-Skepticism,  Godliness-Disbelief. 

scep'-ti-cism,  or  skep'-ti-cism.  Attitude  of  doubt. 
Credulousness  -  Skepticism,  Faith  -  Misgiving  , 
Godliness-Disbelief. 

sched'-ule.     A  list  of  times,  prices,  etc.     Record. 

sche'-ma-tist.     A  schemer.     Design. 

scheme.     A  plan,  or  plot.     Delineation-Caricature. 

sche'-mer.  One  who  devises  schemes  or  plans.  De- 
sign. 

sche'-mist.     A  schemer.     Design. 


SCHERIF. 


941 


SCHOOL 


•cher'-if.  Chief  administrative  officer  of  a  county. 
Chief-Underling,  Gentility-Commonalty. 

scher'-zo.     A  sportive  movement  in  music.     Music. 

sche'-sis.  Disposition  or  condition.  Condition- 
Situation. 

schism.  A  splitting  up  in  a  Church.  Assent-Dis- 
sent, Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Variance-Accord. 

schis-mat'-ic.  Sectary.  Assent-Dissent,  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

Bchis-mat'-ic-al.  Promotive  of  division.  Orthodoxy- 
Heterodoxy. 


schis-mat'-i-cism.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

schism'-less.  Free  from  division.  Orthodoxy-Hbt- 
erodoxy. 

schist'-ose.  Having  the  quality  of  splitting  or  cleaving 
readily.     Lamina-Fiber. 

schis-tos'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  splitting  easily.  Geol- 
ogy. 

schis'-tous.     Secondary  foliation.     Lamina-Fiber. 

schol'-ar.  A  person  of  high  attainments;  one  acquir- 
ing knowledge.  Instructor  -  Pupil,  Scholar- 
Dunce. 


SCHOLAR— DUNCE. 


Academician.     A  member  of  an  academy  of  art,  etc. 

Academist.     An  academic  philosopher. 

Admirable  Crichton.     A  noted  Scotch  scholar  and  linguist. 

Antiquarian.     An  antiquary. 

Antiquary.     A  student  of  some  particular  subject  of  antiquity. 

Archeologist.  A  student  of  archeology,  the  general  science  of  antiq- 
uities. 

Bas-bieu  [F.  \     A  literary  woman. 

Bibliomaniac.     One  having  a  passion  for  collecting  books. 

Bigwig.     An  important  person. 

Bluestocking.     A  literary  pedantic  woman. 

Bookworm.     One  who  spends  all  his  time  with  books. 

Clerk.     In  the  middle  age,  a  learned  person. 

Connoisseur.     One  having  a  thorough  knowledge  of  some  fine  art. 

Criminologist.     Student  of  criminals. 

Dilettante  [F.\     A  dabbler  in  art,  etc. 

Doctor.  One  who  has  received  the  highest  degree  in  a  college  or  uni- 
versity, especially  of  medicine. 

Doctrinaire.     An  impractical  theorist. 

Don.     A  person  of  or  affecting  importance. 

Dr.  Pangloss.  A  person  who  speaks  all  tongues;  a  philosopher  and 
optimist. 

Gloss ographer.     One  who  writes  explanatory  notes. 

Glossologist.     One  versed  in  the  science  of  language. 

Gownsman.     A  professional  man  who  wears  a  gown. 

Graduate.     One  who  has  graduated  from  a  school  of  learning. 

Grammarian      One  skilled  in  grammar. 

Hellw)  Ubrorum  [L.J     Bookworm. 

Homo  multarum  li:erarum  [L.].     A  man  of  many  letters. 

Illuminati.     Persons  professing  special  endowments. 

Learned  man.     A  man  of  education. 

.Learned  Theban.     A  wise  and  learned  man. 

Lexicographer.     One  skilled  in  compiling  of  dictionaries. 

Licentiate.     One  licensed  to  practise  a  profession. 

Linguist.  One  knowing  several  languages  or  skilled  in  the  science  of 
language. 

Literary  man.     A  man  versed  in  or  devoted  to  literature. 

Literati.     Men  of  letters. 

Litterateur.     One  studying  language  as  a  profession. 

Maecenas.     A  patron  of  art;  the  patron  of  the  Roman  poet  Horace. 

Man  of  education.)   .  ,       ,        ,       ..   .  -, .- 

Man  of  learning.    )  A  man  devel°Ped  and  informed  by  study. 

Man  of  letters.     A  man  of  literary  culture. 
Master  of  arts.     One  graduated  in  a  classical  course  of  study. 
Mezzofanti.     A  linguist:  after  an  Italian  of  that  name. 
Moonshee.      A  teacher,  especially  a  Mohammedan  teacher  of  lan- 
guages. 
Pantologist.     One  skilled  in  pantology. 
Pedagogue.     A  teacher  of  young  people. 
Pedant.     One  making  needless  show  of  learning. 
Penologist.     Student  of  crime  and  criminals. 


Agrammatist.     A  dunce. 

Charlatan.     One  who  makes  extravagant  pretensions  of  knowledge. 

Dabbler.     One  having  only  superficial  knowledge. 

Dunce.     A  dull-witted  person. 

Fool.     One  having  no  sense  or  judgment;  an  idiot. 

Greenhorn,  etc.     One  lacking  knowledge  from  experience.  See  Gull. 

Half  scholar.     A  partially  educated  person. 

Ignoramus.     An  ignorant,  pretentious  person. 

Lubber.     A  bungling,  inexperienced  person. 

No  scholar.     A  man  of  no  mental  capacity. 

Novice.     One  who  is  just  learning. 

Pedant,  etc.     A  person  who  makes  needless  display  of  his  learning. 

See  Scholar. 
Sciolist.     One  pretending  scientific  knowledge. 
Smatterer.     A  dabbler. 
Tyro.     A  novice.     See  Education-Pupil. 
Wooden  spoon.     A  dunce. 

Dunc  e — Adjectives. 

Bookless.     Unscholarly. 

Ignorant,  etc.   Having  no  knowledge.  See  Knowledgb-Ignoraxcb. 

Shallow.     "With  only  superficial  knowledge. 


SCHOLAR— Continued. 

Philologist.     One  skilled  in  philology. 

Philomath.     One  who  loves  learning. 

Philosopher.     A  student  of  philosophy. 

Professor.     A  teacher  of  the  higher  branches  of  learning. 

Pundit.     A  learned  man  or  one  who  makes  pretensions  to  learning. 

Sage.     A  man  of  well-known,  thorough,  and  experienced  learning 

and  wisdom. 
Savant.     A  man  of  exceptional  learning. 

Scholar.     A  man  of  exceptional  literary  ability  and  attainments. 
Schoolboy.     A  boy  attending  school. 
Schoolman.     A  theologian  of  the  Middle  Ages. 
Scientist.     One  skilled  in  science. 
Soph.     A  sophomore;  asophister. 
Sophist.     A  member  of  a  Greek  school  of  philosophy. 
Sophister.     In  England,  one  in  the  later  years  of  a  university  course. 
Wrangler.     A  man  of  high  rank  in  English  University  of  Cambridge. 

Scholar — A  djectives. 

Brought  up  at  the  feet  of  Gamaliel.    Having  had  the  advantages  of  an 

excellent  education.      [Paul.] 
Learned,  etc.     Trained  and  informed  by  study.     See  Knowledge. 

Scholar — Phrases. 

Artium  Baccalaureus  [L.J     Bachelor  of  Arts:  abbrev.  A.  B. 
Artium  M agister  [L.J     Master  of  Arts:  abbrev.  A.  M. 


achol'-ar-ly.  Indicative  of  great  learning.  Educa- 
tion-Learning. 

schol'-ar-ship.  The  sum  of  mental  attainments  of  a 
person.  Education-Learning,  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance. 

scho-las'-tic.  Pertaining  to  scholars,  education,  or 
schools.  Education-Learning,  Education-Mis- 
teaching,  Knowledge-Ignorance,  School. 

scho'-li-ast.  A  commentator.  Interpreter-Misin- 
terpreter. 

scho'-U-um.  An  explanatory  marginal  note.  Adage- 
Nonsense,  Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 

school.     An   educational   institution;     a   large   multi- 


tude; pupils  in  an  educational  institution;  disciples 
of  a  teacher  or  system.  Education-Misteaching, 
Faith-Misgiving,  Gathering-Scattering,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Painting,  School;  go  to  school, 
Education- Learning;  school  board,  School;  send 
to  school,  Education-Misteaching. 

SCHOOL. 

Abecedary.     A  primer. 
Academy.     A  school  of  higher  learning. 

Alma  mater  [L.J     The  name  given  by  students  to  their  college. 
Ambo.     A  pulpit;  a  reading-desk. 

Amphitheater.     An  oval  or  circular  building  with  rising  tiers  of  seaU 
about  an  open  space. 


SCHOOL. 


942 


SCOLLOP. 


Boarding-school.     A  school  at  which  the  scholars  board. 

Board-school.     A  school  managed  by  a  school  board. 

British  and  Foreign  School.  An  English  school  not  supported  by  the 
Church. 

Chair.     A  seat  of  office,  as  the  chair  of  a  professor. 

Class.     A  number  of  students  of  the  same  rank  in  a  school. 

Cocker.     An  English  authority  on  mathematics. 

College.     A  society  incorporated  for  study  in  the  higher  branches. 

Collegiate  school.     A  school  under  the  auspices  of  a  college. 

Council  of  education.  A  body  of  persons  having  control  of  educa- 
tional matters. 

Creche  [F.J     A  public  nursery  for  poor  children. 

Dame's  school.  A  school  presided  over  by  a  woman,  often  old  and 
with  little  education. 

Bay-school.  A  school  taught  during  the  day,  where  the  pupils  are 
not  boarded. 

Denominational  school.  A  school  presided  over  by  some  religious 
sect. 

Desk.     An  inclined  table  used  in  schools. 

Forum.     A  tribunal;  a  court. 

Grammar.  A  treatise  on  the  elements  or  principles  of  any  science 
for  use  in  schools. 

Grammar-school.  A  school  in  which  Latin  and  Greek  grammar  is 
taught. 

Gymnasium.     A  school  for  physical  exercise. 

Hornbook.  In  early  times,  the  book  on  which  children  learned  their 
letters; a  board  with  figures,  letters  and  the  Lord's  Prayer  on  it, 
covered  with  thin  transparent  horn,  and  framed. 

Hustings.     A  platform. 

Infant-school.     A  school  in  which  infants  are  taught. 

Institute.     I  A  society  established  for  the  furtherance  of  some  par- 
Institution.  J      ticular  object. 

Kindergarten  [G.].  A  school  for  small  children  in  which  object  les- 
sons are  taught. 

Lecture-room.     A  room  used  for  lecture  delivery. 

Lectureship.     The  office  of  a  lecturer. 

Lindley  Murray.  An  American  grammarian;  an  authority  on  Eng- 
lish grammar. 

Lyceum.     An  intermediate  classical  school. 

Manual.     A  handbook. 

Middle-class  school.  A  school  founded  for  the  higher  education  of 
the  middle  classes. 

National  school.     Schools  supported  by  government. 

Nursery.     A  playroom  for  children. 

PdUestra  [Gr.J     A  place  for  athletic  exercises. 

Platform.     A  place  raised  above  the  floor  for  speakers. 

Preparatory  school.     A  school  which  prepares  for  college. 

Primary  school.     An  elementary  school. 

Primer.     An  elementary  reading -book. 

Professorship.     The  office  of  a  professor. 

Propaganda  [L.J     A  system  for  spreading  a  doctrine. 

Pulpit.     A  reading-stand  in  a  church. 

Readership.     The  office  of  a  reader. 

Reading-desk.     A  desk  at  which  reading  is  done. 

Reformatory.  A  school  for  the  reformation  and  education  of  young 
criminals. 

Rostrum.     A  platform  from  which  a  speaker  addresses  his  audience. 

Rudiments.     The  beginning  of  learning. 

School.     An  institution  of  learning. 

School  board.  A  body  of  managers  elected  to  provide  adequate 
means  of  instruction  for  all  children  under  their  jurisdiction. 

School-book.     A  book  to  be  studied  at  school. 

Seminary.  Any  school  for  the  education  of  young  people  along  the 
line  of  their  future  employment. 

Stage.     A  platform  for  presenting  speakers  to  the  public. 

Text-book.  A  book  used  in  schools  as  a  standard  for  some  particular 
study. 

Theater.     A  building  used  for  dramatic  representations. 

Tribune.  An  elevated  place  from  which  a  speaker  addresses  his  audi- 
ence. 

University.  An  establishment  for  instruction  in  all  the  branches  of 
science  and  literature. 

Vade  mecum  [L.J  Go  with  me;  constant  companion;  a  guide 
book. 

Varsity.     Colloquial  for  university. 

School — A  djectives . 
Academic.     Pertaining  to  an  academy.     See  Nouns. 
Baccalaureate.     Relating  to  the  degree  of  bachelor. 
Collegiate.     Pertaining  to  a  collepe.     See  Nouns. 
Educational.     Pertaining  to  education. 
Scholastic.     Pertaining  to  scholars.     See  Nouns. 

School — Adverb. 
Ex  cathedra  [L.|.     Officially. 


school'-book".    A  text-book.     School. 

school'-boy".  A  boy  attending  school,  or  in  the  period 
of  school  life.  Infant-Veteran,  Instructor- 
Pupil;  familiar  to  every  schoolboy,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance. 

school'-days".     Period  of  school  life.     Infancy-Age. 

school'-fel"-low.     Schoolmate.     Friend-Foe. 

school'-ing.     Education.     Education-Misteaciiing. 

school'-man.  A  theologian  of  the  Middle  Ages. 
Scholar-Dunce,  Theology. 

school'-mas"-ter.  A  man  who  teaches  school.  In- 
structor-Pupil; schoolmaster  abroad,  Education- 
Miste aching,  Knowledge-Ignorance. 

school'-mis"-tress.  A  woman  who  teaches  school.  In- 
structor-Pupil. 

school'-room".  A  room  in  which  pupils  meet  for  in- 
struction.    Contents-Receiver. 

schoon'-er.     A    sailing  vessel.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

sci'-a-graph".  A  shadow  picture  made  by  X  rays. 
X  Rays. 

sci-ag'-ra-phy.  Finding  the  time  by  observing  shad- 
ows; correct  shading.     Light-Darkness,  Painting. 

sci-at'-ic.     A  nerve.     Anatomy. 

sci'-ence.  Systematized  knowledge.  Knowledgb- 
Ignorance,  Nature-Art,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

sci"-en-tif'-ic.  Agreeing  with  the  rules  and  principles 
of  science.     Skill-Unskilfulness,  Truth-Error. 

sci'-en-tist.  One  devoted  to  scientific  studv.  Rati- 
ocination-Instinct. 

scim'-i-tar.     A  curved  sword.     Weapon. 

scin-til'-la.  A  spark;  the  smallest  particle.  Light- 
Darkness,  Luminary-Shade,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness. 

scin'-til-lant.     Sparkling.     Light-Darkness. 

scin'-til-late.     Sparkle.     Light-Darkness. 

scin"-til-la'-tion.  A  twinkling;  sparkle  of  wit.  Heat- 
Cold,  Light-Darkness,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

scintillula  forsan,  latet  [L.]  (sin-til'-liu-la  for'-san. 
le'-tet).  A  spark  of  life  may  perhaps  be  hidden. 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

sci'-o-lism.     Quackery.     Knowledge-Ignorance. 

sci'-o-list.  One  who  pretends  to  have  scientific  knowl- 
edge.    Scholar-Dunce. 

sci-om'-a-chy.  Visionary  warfare.  Adage-Non- 
sense. 

sci'-c-man"-cy.  Divination  by  shades  of  departed 
spirits.     Prophecy. 

sci'-on.  A  twig;  a  child  or  descendant.  Infant- 
Veteran,  Parentage-Progeny,  Whole-Part. 

scire  facias  [L.]  (soi'-ri  fe'-shi-as).  Cause  to  be  known. 
Investigation-Answer. 

scire  quid  valeant  humeri  [L.]  (sai'-ri  quid  ve'-H-ant 
hiu'-mer-ai) .  To  know  what  your  shoulders  can 
bear.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

scis'-sile.     Scrap.     Union-Disunion. 

scis'-sion.     Act  of  cutting.     Union-Disunion. 

scis'-sors.  A  cutting  implement.  Sharpness-Blunt- 
ness;  scissors  and  paste,  Choice-Neutrality. 

scis'-sure.     A  lengthwise  cut.     Interspace-Contact. 

scle-rot'-ic  coat.     Part  of  the  eye.     Anatomy. 

scobs.     Waste  made  by  sawing.     Friability. 

scoff.  Expression  of  contempt,  mockery,  or  ridicule. 
Godliness-Ungodliness,  Regard-Disrespect,  So- 
ciety-Derision; scoff  at,  Approval-Disapproval, 
Regard-Scorn. 

scoff'-er.     Mocker.     Godliness-Ungodliness. 

scoff'-ing.  Mocking.  Regard-Disrespect,  Society- 
Derision. 

scold.  To  reprove  harshly;  an  habitual  scolder. 
Approval  -  Disapproval,  Charitableness  -  Curse, 
Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

scold'-ing.     Reproving.     Approval-Disapproval. 

scol'-lop.  A  semicircular  curve  in  ornamental  work, 
Embellishment-Disfigurement. 


SCONCE. 


943 


SCRIP. 


sconce.  To  fine;  covering  for  the  head;  brains;  a 
candlestick.  Attack-Defense,  Luminary-Shade, 
Mind-Imbecility,  Recompense-Penalty,  Top-Bot- 
tom. 

■coop.  A  shovel-like  implement  for  scooping.  Con- 
vexity-Concavity, Perforator-Stopper. 

scopa  nuova  spazza  bene,  una  [It.]  (sco'-pa  nu-o'-va 
spats'-a  be'-ne,  u'-na).  A  new  broom  sweeps  clean. 
Entirety-Deficiency,  Novelty-Antiquity. 

scope.  Range  of  action  or  view;  purpose.  Exten- 
sion-Inextension,  Liberty-Subjection,  Meaning- 
Jargon,  Quantity-Measure. 

scorch.     To  burn  on  the  surface.     Heating-Cooling. 

scorch'-ing.     Very  hot.      Turbulence-Calmness. 

score.  To  mark;  to  incur  debts;  an  account  or  reck- 
oning; notes  in  a  musical  composition;  twenty. 
Accounts,  Credit-Debt,  Five-Quinquesection, 
Groove,  Music,  Numbering,  Record,  Sign;  on 
the  score  of,  Connection-Independence,  Motive- 
Caprice. 

scores.     Many.     Multiplicity-Paucity. 

sco'-ri-ae.  Fragments  of  lava;  ashes.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Heating-Cooling. 

sco"-ri-fi-ca'-tion.       Smelting  of  ore  with  lead  for  the 

gurpose  of  collecting  small  quantities  of  a  metal. 
[eating-Cooling. 

sco'-ri-fy.     To  reduce  to  ashes.     Heating-Cooling. 

scorn.     Contempt.     Regard-Scorn. 

scorn'-ful.     Disdainful.     Regard-Scorn. 

scor'-pi-on.  A  reptile  with  a  poisonous  sting;  con- 
stellation. Astronomy,  Benefactor- Evildoer, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  chastise  with  scor- 
pions, Harshness-Mildness. 

scorse.     To  trade.      Exchange. 

scot.     A  tax.     Recompense-Penalty. 

scotch.  To  cut  or  scratch.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Indentation;  scotch  the  snake,  Completion- 
Noncompletion,  Excess-Lack,  Might-Impotence; 
scotch  the  wheel,  Obstruction-Help. 

Scotch'-man.  A  native  of  Scotland:  noted  for  shrewd- 
ness.    Craft-Artlessness. 

scof-free'.  Unharmed;  exempt  from  taxation.  Cost- 
liness-Cheapness, Duty-Immunity,  Liberty-Sub- 
jection; escape  scot-free,  Escape;  let  off  scot-free, 
Exculpation-Conviction. 

scof-o-my.     Defective    field    of    vision.     Sight-Dim- 

SIGHTEDNESS. 

Scot'-ti-cism.     A  Scottish  idiom.     Word-Neology. 

scoun'-drel.     A  rascal.      Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

scour.  To  traverse  thoroughly;  to  rub  or  scrub. 
Cleanness  -  Filthiness,  Friction  -  Lubrication, 
Swiftness-Slowness;  scour  the  country,  Travel- 
ing-Navigation; scour  the  plain,  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness. 

scourge.  To  whip;  torment;  a  lash.  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness, Recompense-Punition,  Recom- 
pense-Scourge, Remedy-Bane;  scourge  of  the  hu- 
man race,  Benefactor-Evildoer. 

scour'-ings.     Particles  worn  off  by  rubbing.      Useful- 

NESS-USELESSNESS. 

scout.  To  watch  carefully ;  to  reject  with  contempt;  a 
person  sent  out  to  watch  an  enemy.  Chief-Under- 
ling, Choice-Rejection,  Messenger,  Regard- 
Disrespect,  Regard-Scorn,  Security-Insecurity, 
Trial,  Warning. 

scow.     A  flat-bottomed  boat.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

scowl.  Lowering  of  the  brows  in  anger  or  strong  disap- 
proval. Approval-Disapproval,  Favorite-Anger, 
Favorite-Quarrelsomeness,  Jubilation  -  Lamen- 
tation, Politeness-Impoliteness. 

scowl'-ing.     Gloomy.     Favorite-Moroseness. 

scrab'-ble.  To  make  unmeaning  marks.  Meaning- 
Jargon,  Writing-Printing. 

scrag.     Thin  or  lean.     Magnitude-Smallness. 


scrag'-gy.  Thin;  rough.  Greatness- Littleness, 
Smoothness-Roughness. 

scram'-ble.  To  struggle  in  a  disorderly  manner;  to 
climb;  to  contend  for.  Ascent-Descent,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility, Hurry-Leisure,  Quest-Evasion, 
Regularity-Irregularity,  Strife-Peace,  Union- 
Disunion. 

scram'-bling.     Rushing.     Hurry-Indolence. 

scranch.     To  crunch.     Friability. 

scran'-nel.     Slight.     Consequence-Insignificance. 

scrap.     A  small  fragment.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

scrap'-book".  A  book  in  which  pictures,  scraps,  or  the 
like  are  kept.     Digest. 

scrape.  To  rub;  to  gather  together;  to  play  discord- 
antly; to  drag  the  feet  in  making  a  bow.  Addition- 
Subtraction,  Difficulty -Facility,  Engraving, 
Enlargement-Diminution,  Friability,  Friction- 
Lubrication,'  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Success- 
Failure;  scrape  together,  Gain-Loss,  Gathering- 
Scattering. 

scratch.  To  tear  or  mark  the  surface  with  something 
sharp  or  rough ;  to  erase ;  to  draw  or  write  awkwardly. 
Delineation-Caricature,  Friction-Lubrication, 
Good-Evil,  Goodness-Badness,  Groove,  Painting, 
Writing-Printing;  come  to  the  scratch,  Bravery- 
Cowardice,  Strife-Peace  ;  mere  scratch,  Deepness- 
Shallowness;  old  scratch,  Angel-Satan;  scratch 
out,  Mark-Obliteration;  scratch  the  head,  Inves- 
tigation-Answer; up  to  the  scratch,  Bravery-Cow- 
ardice. 

scrawl.     Irregular  writing.     Writing-Printing. 

screak.     A  sharp  scream.     Cry-Ululation. 

scream.  A  loud  cry.  Cry-Ululation,  Jubilation- 
Lamentation. 

screech.     A  shrill,  harsh  cry.     Cry-Ululation. 

screech'-owl" .  An  owl  that  screeches  instead  of  hoot- 
ing.    Cry-Ululation. 

screen.  To  shield  from  observation ;  to  pass  through  a 
sieve;  any  means  of  shelter.  Acting,  Aperturb- 
Closure,  Attack- Defense,  Cleanness -Filthi- 
ness, Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Exposure-Hiding- 
place,  Luminary-Shade,  Organization-Disorgan- 
ization, Refuge-Pitfall,  Security-Insecurity; 
screen  from  sight,  Sight-Blindness,  Sight-Dim- 
sightedness. 

screw.  A  piece  of  metal  threaded,  to  hold  boards  to- 
gether; a  propeller  in  a  vessel;  a  miser.  Connec- 
tive, Extravagance-Avarice,  Instrument,  Revo- 
lution-Evolution, Traveling-Navigation,  Union- 
Disunion;  put  on  the  screw,  Coercion,  Harshness- 
Mildness;  screw  loose,  Faultlessness-Faultiness, 
Obstruction-Help,  Saneness-Lunacy,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness,  Variance-Accord;  screw  one's  cour- 
age to  the  sticking  place,  Bravery-Cowardice;  screw 
up,  Preparation-  Nonpreparation,  Strength- 
Weakness,  Union-Disunion;  screw  up  the  eyes, 
Sight-Dimsightedness. 

screw'-driv"-er.  A  tool  for  fastening  a  screw.  In- 
strument. 

screwed.     Drunk.     Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

screw'-steam"-er.  A  vessel  driven  by  screw  propellers. 
Conveyance-Vessel. 

scrib'-ble.     Careless  writing.     Writing-Printing. 

scrib'-bler.       A    careless    writer.       Missive-Public/ - 

TION. 

scribe.  A  clerk;  a  Jewish  writer  of  the  records.  Min- 
istry-Laity, Recorder,  Writing-Printing. 

scribendi,  cacoethes  [L.]  (scri-ben'-dai,  cac-o-i'-thiz). 
Passion  for  writing.     Writing-Printing. 

scrim'-mage.  Rough-and-tumble  contest.  Strife- 
Peace,  Variance-Accord. 

scrimp.  Scanty;  short.  Excess-Lack,  Extrava- 
gance-Avarice, Length-Shortness. 

scrip.     A  wallet.     Contents-Receiver. 


SCR1PXA. 


944 


SCUTIFORM. 


tcripta,  lex  [L.]  (scrip'-ta,  lex).  Written  law;  statute 
law.    Law-Lawlessness. 

fcriptce,  litem  [L.]  (scrip'-ti,  lit'-er-t).  Written  letters. 
Writing-Printing. 

Scrip'- tur-al.  Relating  to  the  Holy  Scriptures.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy,   Revelation-Pseudoreve- 

LATION. 

Scrip'-ture.     The  sacred  writings  of  Christianity.    Cer- 

TAINTY-DOUBT,  ReVELATION-PsEUDOREVELATION. 

scriv'-en-er.  One  who  draws  deeds,  contracts,  etc. 
Advocate,  Writing-Printing. 

■crof'-u-la.  A  chronic  disease  of  the  lymphatic  glands. 
Health-Sickness. 

scroll.  A  roll  of  written  parchment;  ornament.  Ar- 
chitecture, Mark-Obliteration. 

scrub.     To  clean  by  rubbing;  inferior  persons.    Clean- 

NESS-FlLTHINESS,     FRICTION-LUBRICATION,    GeNTIL- 

ity-Commonalty. 
scrub'-by.       Stunted;      mean;      worthless.       Conse- 
quence-Insignificance,   Extravagance-Avarice, 
Gentility -Commonalty,  Greatness-  Littleness, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

scru'-ple.  Doubt;  reluctance;  an  apothecaries' weight; 
a  small  quantity.  Carefulness -Carelessness, 
Faith-Misgiving,  Heaviness-Lightness,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness,  Motive -Caprice,  Readiness- 
Reluctance,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

scru"-pu-los'-i-ty.  A  scruple.  Readiness -Reluc- 
tance, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

scru'-pu-lous.  Cautious;  exact.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Credulousness- Skepticism,  Desire- 
Particularness,  Readiness-Reluctance,  Truth- 
Error,  Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

scru'-pu-lous-ness.  Preciseness.  Readiness -Reluc- 
tance, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

Scru-ta'-tor.     An  examiner.     Investigation-Answer. 

scru"-ti-neer'.  A  scrutinizer.  Investigation- An- 
swer. 

scru'-ti-nize.  Investigate  minutely.  Heed -Disre- 
gard, Reflection-Vacancy. 

•cru'-ti-ny.  Close  observation  or  examination.  Heed- 
Disregard,  Investigation-Answer. 

scru"-toir'.     A  writing-desk.     Contents-Receiver. 

scud  To  move  swiftly;  light  clouds.  Rain-Wind, 
Swiftness  -  Slowness,  Traveling  -  Navigation, 
Viscidity-Foam;  scud  under  bare  poles,  Difficulty- 
Facility. 

scud'-dle.     Scurry.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

scuf'-fle.     To  struggle  roughly.     Strife-Peace. 

scull.  To  row  with  a  single  oar;  the  skull.  Mind- 
Imbecility,  Traveling-Navigation. 

scull'-cap".  A  light  cap  fitting  tightly  on  the  head. 
Dress-Undress. 

scul'-ler-y.  A  room  where  cooking  utensils  are  kept. 
Contents-Receiver. 

scul'-lion.     A  kitchen  servant.     Chief-Underling. 

sculpsit  [L.]  (sculp'-sit).  He  sculptured  it.  En- 
graving. 

sculp'-tor.     A  maker  of  statues.     Artist. 

sculp'-ture.  A  work  carved  in  stone,  bronze,  etc. 
Form-Formlessness,  Nature-Art,  Sculpture. 

sculp'-turei.     Carved  in  stone.     Sculpture. 

SCULPTURE. 

AHo-rilitvo  [ftj.        High  relief. 

Anaglyph.     A  figure  in  relief. 

Bas-relief.     Sculpture  in  which  the  figures  are  but  little  raised  above 

the  background. 
Basso-rilievo  [It.].     Bas-relief. 
Carving,  etc.     Decorative  sculpture.     See  Verbs, 
High-relief.     Sculptured  work  which  stands  out  prominently  from 

background. 
Insculpture.     A  sculpture. 


Intaglio.     Incised  or  sunk  engraving. 

Low-relief.     Bas-relief. 

Mezzo-rilievo     [It.].     Half  relief. 

Relief.     The  projection  of  sculptured  work  above  the  background 

Rilievo  [It.].     Relief.  -«~— -. 

Sculpture.     The  art  of  sculpturing;  a  sculptured  work  or  figure ;  the 

art  of  fashioning  figures  out  of  stone  or  other  solid  materials  by 

carving  or  chiseling. 

Sculpture — Denotations. 

Bronze.     An  artistic  production  in  bronze. 

Cameo.     Any  small  engraved  or  carved  work  in  relief. 

Cast.  An  object  founded  or  run  in  a  mold,  as  of  metal,  plaster  wax. 
etc. 

Ceramic  ware.     Articles  of  porcelain  and  pottery  in  general. 

China.  Porcelain  or  porcelain-ware,  so  called  because  originally 
brought  from  China. 

Earthenware.  Anything  made  of  clay  and  baked  in  a  kiln  or  dried 
in  the  sun. 

Glyptotheca.     A  museum  or  cabinet  of  engraved  or  sculptured  work. 

Intaglio.     A  gem  with  incised  carving. 

Laocoon.  An  antique  group  in  marble  representing  the  death  of 
a  Trojan  priest  and  his  two  sons. 

Marble.     A  stone  used  for  building  or  ornament. 

Medal.     A  piece  of  metal  engraved  with  a  figure,  scene,  etc. 

Medallion.     Subjects  painted,  drawn,  engraved,  or  sculptured. 

Porcelain.     A  glazed  pottery. 

Pottery.  Any  kind  of  clay-ware  molded  in  a  plastic  condition  and 
then  hardened  by  fire. 

Statuary.     Statues. 

Statue.     A  plastic  work  representing  a  figure  in  marble  or  bronze. 

Terra-cotta.  A  species  of  hard  pottery  much  used  in  building  orna- 
mentation and  in  statuary. 

Sculpture — Plac; 

Glyptotheca.     A  sculpture  gallery. 

Sculpture — Verbs. 

Carve.     To  cut  figures  upon. 
Cast.     To  fashion  by  molding. 
Chisel.     To  carve  with  a  chisel. 
Cut.     To  shape  or  fashion  with  a  sharp  instrument. 
Model.     To  make  or  fashion  in  the  form  of  something. 
Mold.     To  make  into  a  certain  form  in  or  as  in  a  mold. 
Sculpture.     To  grave  or  carve  out  of  stone,  wood,  or  metal;  to  make 
or  form  by  cutting  or  caning  or  casting  in  metal. 

Sculpture — Adjectives. 

Anaglyptic.     Pertaining  to  an  anaglyph,  or  figure  in  relief. 

Ceramic.     Pertaining  to  pottery. 

Ceroplastic.      Pertaining  to  wax-molding. 

In  relief.     Raised  above  the  background. 

Marble,  etc.     Made  of  marble. 

Parian.     Like  the  marble  statuary  of  Paros,  an  island  in  the  ^£geaa 

Sea. 
Sculptured,  etc.     Carved  or  decorated.     See  Verbs. 
Xanthian.     Relating  to  Xanthus,  a  town  in  Lycia,  famous  for  the 

sculptures  found  there. 

scum.  Surface  impurities  on  liquids.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness;  scum  of  society,  Gentility-Common- 
alty; scum  of  the  earth,  Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

scup'-per.  A  hole  in  a  vessel's  side.  Watercourse- 
Airpipe. 

scurf.     Waste  scarf-skin.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

scurf  '-i-ness.     Scabbiness.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

scurf'-y.     Scabby.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

scur'-rile.  Vulgar.  Adulation-Disparagement, 
Regard-Disrespect. 

scur-ril'-i-ty.  Vulgarity.  Adulation -Disparage- 
ment, Regard-Disrespect. 

scur'-ril-ous.  Grossly  indecent.  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement, Regard-Disrespect,  Society-Deri- 
sion. 

scur'-vy.  Of  little  account;  base.  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Excess-Lack,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty, Virtue- Vice. 

scut.     A  short  tail.     Anteriority-Posteriority. 

scutch'-eon.     An  emblazoned  shield.     Sign,  Title. 

scu'-ti-form.     Shield-shaped.     Levelness.   ' 


SCUTTLE. 


945 


SECRETARY. 


•cut'-tle.  To  destroy;  to  hurry;  a  coal-bucket.  Con- 
tents-Receiver, Creation-Destruction,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness; scuttle  along,  Hurry-Leisure. 

scu'-tum.  A  shield  used  by  the  Romans.  Security- 
Insecurity. 

Scyl'-la  and  Cha-ryb'-dis.  A  dangerous  rock  and 
whirlpool.  Between  Scylla  and  Charybdis,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility, Security-Insecurity. 

Scyllam  qui  vult  vitare  Charybdim,  incidit  in  [L.] 
(sil'-lam  quai  vult  vi-te'-ri  ca-rib'-dim,  in'-si-dit  in). 
He  falls  into  Scylla  who  wishes  to  avoid  Charybdis. 
Skill-Unskilfulness. 

scythe.  A  mowing  implement.  Angularity,  Sharp- 
ness-Bluntness. 

'sdeath.  An  exclamation.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Favorite-Anger. 

sea.  Many;  a  body  of  water.  Multiplicity-Pau- 
city, Ocean-Land;  at  sea,  Certainty-Doubt, 
Ocean-Land;  go  to  sea,  Arrival-Departure; 
heavy  sea,  Agitation;  sea  of  doubt,  Certainty- 
Doubt;  sea  of  troubles,  Difficulty-Facility, 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

sea'-beach".     A  beach.     Ocean-Land. 

sea'-board".     The  seacoast.     Ocean-Land. 

sea'-coast".     Seashore.     Ocean-Land. 

sea'-far"-er.     A  seaman.     Wayfarer-Seafareh. 

sea'-far"-ing.  Following  the  life  of  a  seaman.  Trav- 
eling-Navigation. 

sea'-fight".     A  naval  battle.     Strife-Peace. 

sea'-girt".     Surrounded  by  sea.     Swamp-Island. 

sea'-go"-ing.  Fitted  for  or  accustomed  to  the  sea. 
Ocean-Land,  Traveling-Navigation. 

sea'-green".  Of  the  color  of  the  sea.  Ocean-Land, 
Redness-Greenness. 

seal.  A  stamp;  evidence;  completion;  security. 
Aperture-Closure,  Completion-Noncompletion, 
Contract,  Copy-Model,  Determination-Vacilla- 
tion, Evidence-Counterevidence,  Security,  Sign  ; 
break  the  seal,  Exposure-Hidingplace;  seal  of 
secrecy,  Enlightenment-Secrecy;  seal  one's  in- 
famy, Uprightness-Dishonesty;  seal  the  doom  of, 
Creation-Destruction;  seal  the  lips  of,  Talka- 
tiveness-Taciturnity; seal  up,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Release-Restraint. 

sealed.  Stamped  or  finally  finished.  Hermetically 
sealed,  Aperture -Closure;  one's  fate  is  sealed, 
Volition-Obligation;  sealed  book,  Clearness- 
Obscurity,  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Tidings-Mys- 
tery. 

seals.     Marks  of  office  or  distinction.     Scepter. 

seam.     A  line  of  junction.     Union-Disunion. 

sea'-maid".     A  sea-nymph.     Jove-Fiend. 

sea-man.     A  sailor.     Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

sea'-man-ship.  The  skill  of  a  seaman.  Conduct, 
Skill-Unskilfulness. 

sea'-mark.     Any  beacon  or  lighthouse.     Sign. 

seam'-less.     Without  seam.     Whole-Part. 

seam'-stress.     A  needlewoman.     Agent. 

se"-ance'.     A  session. 

sea'-piece.     A  marine  picture.     Painting. 

sea'-port.     A  harbor.     Refuge-Pitfall. 

sear.  To  dry  or  burn;  to  harden.  Dampness-Dry- 
ness,  Heating-Cooling,  Sensitiveness-Apathy; 
fall  into  the  sear  and  yellow  leaf,  Betterment-De- 
terioration. 

search.     To  inquire  into.     Investigation-Answer. 

search'-ing.  Severe.  Harshness-Mildness,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness. 

search'-less  Not  to  be  found  out.  Clearness-Ob- 
scurity. 

sea' -ser"- pent.  A  kind  of  sea-monster.  Conven- 
tion ality-Unconventionality. 

iea'-sick"-ness.    An  illness  on  shipboard  caused  by  the 
rolling  of  the  vessel.     Health-Sickness. 
60 


sea'-side".     The  seashore.     Ocean-Land. 

sea'-son.  To  mix  or  savor;  prepare;  preserve.  Con- 
servation, Duration-Neverness,  Habit-Desue- 
tude, Mixture-Homogeneity,  Preparation-Non 
preparation,  pungency. 

sea'-son-able.  Fit  or  timely.  Harmony-Discord, 
Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

sea'-song".  Rhythmic  motion  of  the  waves.  Poetry- 
Prose. 

sea'-son-ing.  That  which  gives  relish.  Condiment, 
Habit-Desuetude,  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Pun- 
gency, Vigor-Inertia. 

seat.  To  locate;  a  place;  abode.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion, Establishment-Removal,  Position,  Pres- 
ident-Member, Suspension-Support;  judgment- 
seat,  Tribunal;  seat  of  government,  Rule-License; 
seat  of  war,  Lists. 

seat'-ed.  Established.  Firmly  seated,  Mutability- 
Stability. 

sea'-wor"-thy.  Fit  for  a  sea  voyage.  Faultlessness- 
Faultiness. 

se-ba'-ceous.     Fatty.     Pulpiness-Oiliness. 

se-cede'.  To  withdraw;  disobey.  Assent -Dissent, 
Insubordination-Obedience. 

se-ce'-der.  One  who  secedes.  Insubordination-Obe- 
dience, Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

se-cern'.     To  secrete.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

se-ces'-sion.  Voluntary  withdrawal.  Gathering 
place,  Quest-Evasion. 

se-clu'-sion.  Retirement.  Quest- Abandonment, 
Sociability-Privacy. 

sec'-ond.  Following  the  first ;  a  musical  term;  a  divi- 
sion of  time;  to  aid.  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Doubling -Halving,  Eternity- Instantaneity, 
Measure,  Melody-Dissonance,  Music,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help, Period-Progress;  one's  second  self, 
Likeness-Unlikeness;  play  or  sing  a  second,  Mu- 
sician; play  second  fiddle,  Insubordination-Obedi- 
ence, Liberty-Subjection,  Reputation-Discredit; 
second  best,  Faultlessness-Faultiness;  second 
childhood,  Infancy-Age;  second  edition,  Recur- 
rence; second  nature,  Habit-Desuetude;  second 
sight,  Devotion-Magic,  Prevision;  second  thoughts, 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Predecessor-Con- 
tinuation, Reflection-Vacancy;  second  to  none, 
Supremacy-Subordinacy;  second  youth,  Renova- 
tion-Relapse. 

sec'-ond-ar"-y.  The  one  following;  an  inferior.  Fault- 
lessness-Faultiness, Representative,  Suprem- 
acy-Subordinacy; secondary  education,  Educa- 
tion-Miste aching;  secondary  evidence,  Evidence- 
Counterevidence. 

sec'-ond-er.     A  supporter.     Antagonist-Assistant. 

sec'-ond-hand".  Used  before;  not  new  or  original. 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Giving-Receiving, 
Imitation-Originality,  Novelty-Antiquity. 

sec'-ond-ly.  In  the  second  place.  Doubling-Halv- 
ing . 

sec'-ond-rate".  Of  inferior  quality,  rank,  etc.  Fault- 
lessness-Faultiness, Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

se'-cre-cy.     Privacy.     Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

se'-cret.  Something  hidden;  an  underlying  reason. 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Interpretation-Misin- 
terpretation, Manifestation-Latency.  Tidings- 
Mystery;  in  the  secret,  Knowledge-Ignorance; 
keep  a  secret,  Talkativeness-Taciturnity;  secret 
motive,  Motive-Caprice;  secret  passage,  Way;  se- 
cret place,  Exposure-Hidingplace;  secret  session, 
President-Member;  secret  writing,  Writing-Print- 
ing. 

sec"-re"-taire'.    A  writing-desk.    Contents-Receiver 

sec'-re-tar"-y.     A  clerk;    director;    assistant.     Antag 

ONIST-ASSISTANT,      ChIEF-UnDERLING,      CONSIGNE  :, 

Manager,  Recorder,  Writing-Printing. 


SECRETE. 


946 


SECURITY 


se-crete'.  To.  separate;  conceal.  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

se-cre'-tion.  Any  substance  secreted.  Biology,  Nu- 
triment-Excretion. 

se-cre'-tive.  Given  to  secreting.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 

se'-cret-ly.  Clandestinely.  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy. 

se'-cret-ness.     Obscurity.     Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

sect.  A  school.  Division;  religious  sect,  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

sec-ta'-ri-an.  A  heretic;  one  of  a  sect.  Antagonist- 
Assistant,  Assent-Dissent,  Orthodoxy-Hetero- 
doxy. 

sec-ta'-ri-an-ism.  Undue  denominationalism.  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

sect'-a-rism.  Sectarianism.  Orthodoxy-Hetero- 
doxy. 

sect'-a-ry.     Dissenter.      Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

sec'-tion.  A  division  or  part.  Belligerent,  Divi- 
sion, Missive -Publication,  Union -Disunion, 
Whole-Part. 

sec'-tion-al.     Local.     Whole-Part. 

sec'-tor.  A  part  of  a  circle.  Circle-Winding,  Whole- 
Part. 

sec'-u-lar.  Occurring  at  long  intervals ;  worldly.  Five- 
Quinquesection,  Ministry-Laity,  Periodicity-Ir- 
regularity; secular  education,  Education -Mis- 
teaching. 

sec'-u-lar-ism.  Worldliness.  Orthodoxy -Hetero- 
doxy. 

sec'-u-lar-ist.     A  worldly  person.     Ministry-Laity. 

sec'-u-lar-ize.     Make  worldly.     Ministry-Laity. 

secula  seculorum ,  in  [L.]  (sec'-yu-la  sec-yu-lo'-rum,  in). 
From  age  to  age.     Eternity-Instantaneity. 

secundum  arlem  [L.]  (se-cun'-dum  ar'-tem).  Accord- 
ing to  rule.  Conventionality-Unconventional- 
ity,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

se-cure'.  To  make  fast  or  certain ;  get;  safe.  Earli- 
ness-Lateness,  Engagement-Release,  Faith- 
Misgiving,  Gain-Loss,  Keeping-Relinquishment, 
Release-Restraint,  Sanguineness-Timidity,  Se- 
curity-Insecurity, Union-Disunion;  secure  an 
object,  Success-Failure;  secure  from  danger,  Pa- 
triotism-Treason. 

se-cure'-ness.    Safety.    Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

se-cu'-ri-ty.  Safety;  a  pledge;  confidence.  Engage- 
ment-Release, Sanguineness-Timidity,  Security, 
Security-Insecurity;  lend  on  security,  Loan-Bor- 
rowing. 

security. 

Acceptance.     An  agreement  to  pay  a  draft  or  the  like  according  to 

its  terms. 
Acquittance.     A  paper  showing  release  from  debt. 
Assurance.     Insurance  of  life  or  property. 
Attested  copy.     A  copy  certified  as  true  by  signature. 
Authentication.     The  act  of  attesting. 
Bail.     Security  given  that  a  prisoner  shall  appear  at  a  given  time 

and  place  for  trial. 
Bill.     A  bill  of  exchange;  a  promissory  note. 
Bill  of  exchange.     An  order  from  one  person  to  a  second  to  pay 

money  to  a  third,  to  be  charged  to  account  of  drawer. 
Bill  of  sale.     A  declaration  in  writing  of  transfer  of  property. 
Bond.     A  paper  in  which  one  person  is  bound  to  pay  a  sum  to 

another  at  a  certain  time .  \ 

Caution.     In  Scotland,  security  or  person  giving  security  for  per- 
formance of  obligation. 
Certificate.     A  transferable   security  as  to  ownership  in   a  stock 

company,  or  the  like. 
Charter,  etc.     A  document  from  a  government  conferring  privilege* 

See  Contract. 
Charter-poll.     A  charter  executed  by  one  party  only,  and  having  its 

edges  polled  or  cut  even  instead  of  being  indented . 
Codicil.     Supplementary  explanation  or  change  in  a  will. 
Covenant.     A  written  sealed  agreement:  action  to  recover  damages 

for  breach  of  contract. 


Covenant  of  indemnity.     A  sealed  agreement  to  make  satisfaction 

for  any  loss  sustained. 
Debenture.     A  written  acknowledgment  of  debt  with  provision  for 

payment. 
Deed.     A  written,  sealed,  and  delivered  instrument  of  transference 

or  contract. 
Deed  of  indemnity.     A  sealed  instrument  making  satisfaction  for 

damages  sustained. 
Deed-poll.     A  deed  executed  by  only  one  party,  and  having  the  edge 

of  the  parchment  cut  even  or  polled  instead  of  being  indented. 
Deposit.     That  which  is  given  as  a  security. 
Discharge.     A  paper  granting  release  from  an  obligation. 
Doquet.     A  warrant. 
Earnest.      Payment  in    part  as  guarantee    of   future   paynwnt   irt 

full. 
Execution.     The  judicial  writ  by  which  a  judgment  is  carried  into 

effect. 
Gage.     That  which  is  given  as  security  for  some  act. 
Guarantee.     A  guaranty. 

Guaranty.     Anything  that  assures  or  makes  certain. 
Handsel.     Earnest-money  as  indication  of  good  faith. 
Hostage.     A  person  given  or  held  as  a  pledge  in  war  for  performance 

of  treaty  or  the  like. 
Hypothecation.     A  lien  given  to  a  creditor  on  movable  property 

without  passing  possession  of  same. 
Indenture.     A  sealed  contract  in  duplicate,  each  party  keeping  a 

counterpart. 
Indorsement.     Any  writing  on  the  back  of  a  document. 
Indorser.     One  who  indorses. 
Instrument.     A  document  acknowledging  or  certifying  a  claim  or 

terms  of  a  contract. 
I  0  U.     An  acknowledgment  of  debt;  in  England,  in  writing. 
Last  will  and  testament.     A  will. 
Lien.     A  claim  on  property  for  debt. 
Mainpernor.     One  who  is  surety  for  a  prisoner  to  produce  him  before 

court  to  answer  charges. 
Mortgage.     An  estate  held  by  conveyance,  or  a  claim  upon  an  estate, 

which  conveyance  or  claim  will  become  void  upon  the  perform- 
ance of  a  certain  condition. 
Muniment.     A  written  record  as  a  defense  to  a  title  or  to  an  estate. 
Paper.     Any  written  or  printed  document  or  statement. 
Parchment.     A  formal  writing  on  parchment. 
Parole,  etc.     An  oral  statement  or  pledge,  especially  of  a  prisoner 

that  he  will  not  escape.     See  Engagement. 
Pawn.     Personal  property  pledged  to  secure  a  loan . 
Personal  security.     Acknowledgment  of  debt  by  personal  liability  of 

maker. 
Pignoration.     The  contract  of  pawning  personal  property. 
Pledge.     Anything  given  as  security  for  performance  of  contract . 
Plight.     A  solemn  pledge. 

Probate.     Legal  proof  or  process  of  proving;  specifically,  of  a  will. 
Promissory  note.     A  written  promise  to  pay  a  certain  sum  at  a 

specified  time  for  value  received. 
Quittance.     A  release  from  debt;  a  receipt. 
Real  security.     Property  given  as  security. 

Receipt.     A  written  acknowledgment  of  payment  of  money  or  deliv- 
ery of  property. 
Recognizance.     An  acknowledgment  on  the  record  of  an  obligation ; 

specifically,  an  obligation  of  record  before  a  court  to  do  some  par- 
ticular act. 
Record,  etc.     A  written  memorial  by  an  authorized  person  of  the 

evidence  of  some  act.     See  Mark. 
Release.     A  written  instrument  which  sets  free  from  obligation  or 

relinquishes  a  claim  or  interest. 
Seal.     Any  document ,  as  a  warrant  executed  with  a  seal. 
Security.     Written  promise  of  payment  of  debt;  anything  given  as  a 

pledge. 
Settlement.     Conveyance    of   property    making    provision    for   the 

future. 
Signature.     The   name   or  something  representing  the   name  of  a 

person  written  by  himself  or  another  authorized  as  an  acknowl- 
edgment of  agreement. 
Specialty.     Any  document  sealed  and  delivered. 
Sponsion.     The  act  of  becoming  security  for  another. 
Sponsor.     One  who  becomes  responsible  for  the  acts  or  obligation! 

of  another. 
Sponsorship.     The  state  of  being  a  sponsor. 
Stake.     Anything  put  at  a  risk  in  a  competition  or  enterprise. 
Stamp.     A  mark  or  printed  or  stamped  device  put  upon  a  taxable 

commodity  to  signify  that  the  tax  is  paid. 
Surety.     One  who  or  that  which  gives  security,  a  security. 
Testament.     A  will ;  strictly,  bequeathing  personal  property  only. 
Tie.     Any  legal  bond  or  obligation. 

Title-deed.     A  document  showing  right  to  ownership  of  property. 
Vadium.     A  pledge  of  property  for  debt  or  loan. 


SECURITY. 


947 


SECURITY— INSECURITY. 


/•rification.  An  oath  appended  to  a  document,  declaring  the  facts 
therein  to  be  true. 

Voucher.  Any  material  thing  that  alleges  that  an  act  has  been  done; 
especially  with  reference  to  the  loaning  of  money. 

Warrant.  A  judicial  written  instrument  giving  an  officer  authority 
to  arrest. 

Warranty.  An  assurance  by  seller  that  property  is  as  represented' 
an  instrument  granting  authority  to  do  certain  acts  in  a  deed 
whereby  grantor  binds  himself  and  heirs  to  secure  estate  to  grantee. 

Will.  An  instrument  in  which  a  man  makes  disposition  of  his  prop- 
erty in  effect  after  his  death. 

Security — Verbs. 

Accept.     To  acknowledge  the  validity  or  receipt  of. 

Assure.     To  insure ,  as  against  loss. 

Execute.     To  make  a  document  unquestionably  valid  by  fulfilling 

all  requirements  of  the  law. 
Give  bail.         1  To  promise  to  be  responsible  for  the  acts  of  a  person, 
Give  security. )       as  paying  money,  appearance  at  court ,  etc. 
Give  substantial  bail.     To  give  good  security. 
Go  bail.     To  act  as  surety  by  giving  bail. 
Grant  a  lease.     To  give  a  right  to  possession  and  profits  of  property 

for  a  certain  period. 
Guarantee.     To  become  responsible  for  the  payment  or  performance 

of ;  assure  against  loss  or  damages. 


Hold  a  lease.     To  hold  lands,  etc.,  for  a  term  of  years. 

Hold  in  pledge.     To  hold  as  security 

Hypothecate.     To  pledge  personal  property  as  security  for  debt. 

Impawn.     To  give  as  a  pawn. 

Impignorate.     To  pawn. 

Indorse.     To  guarantee   payment  by  writing  one's  name   on   the 

back  of. 
Insure.     To  contract  to  pay  a  certain  sum  to,  in  case  of  loss  or  death. 
Lend  on  security,  etc.     To  give  on  sufficient  security  to  repay.     See 

Loan. 
Let.     To  lease  or  rent  for  a  consideration. 
Mortgage.     To  give  as  security  for  performance  of  an  obligation, 

conveyance  to  become  void  upon  fulfilment  of  same. 
Pawn,     To  give  as  a  pawn. 

Sealfetc.     To  set  a  seal  to;  toconfirm.     See  Evidence. 
Sett.     To  attach  or  affix,  as  a  signature. 
Sign.     To  attach  one's  name  to,  as  a  proof  of  genuineness.     Sec  Evi 

DENCE. 

Spout.     To  pawn  or  pledge. 

Stamp.     To  put  a  stamp  upon. 

Take  a  lease.     To  take  possession  of  a  property  for  a  term  of  year*. 

Underwrite.     To  execute  an  insurance  policy. 

Warrant.     To  guarantee  the  character  or  quality  of. 

Security — Pkrast, 

Bonis  avibus  [L.].     Undergood  auspices. 


SECURITY— INSECURITY. 


Auspices.     Friendly  or  favoring  protection. 

Coast  clear.     An  open  safe  way. 

Confidence.     A  feeling  of  safety. 

Custody.     Entrusted  care  or  oversight  of  a  person  or  thing. 

Danger  £"]}  F"*d°m  fr°™  ^ger. 

Escape,  etc.     Flight  from  confinement  or  danger.     See  Escape. 

Escort.     Special  or  distinctive  protection. 

Garrison.     A  body  of  troops  protecting  a  town. 

Guard.     Careful  protection  from  injury  or  attack. 

Guardianship.     The  duty  or  condition  of  being  a  guardian. 

Impregnability.     The  state  of  not  being  able  to  be  harmed  by  attack. 

Invulnerability.  The  condition  of  being  incapable  of  being  hurt  or 
injured. 

Invulnerableness.     Invulnerability. 

Precaution.  Forethought;  the  act  of  preparing  for  future  or  unex- 
pected danger. 

Preservation.     The  act  of  being  kept  from  injury. 

Protection.     Preservation  from  loss,  injury,  or  annoyance. 

Quarantine.  Enforced  isolation  of  persons  with  contagious  diseases; 
protection  against  contagious  disease. 

Refuge.     Avoidance  of  danger  or  distress. 

Safe-keeping.     Freedom  from  danger. 

Safety.     The  condition  or  state  of  being  safe. 

Security.     The  state  of  being  secure. 

Storm  blown  over.     Danger  past. 

Surety.     Positive  safety. 

Tutelage.  The  duty  to  keep  under  watch,  as  of  a  guardian;  the 
condition  of  being  under  a  tutor. 

Wardenship.     The  duty  or  jurisdiction  of  a  warden. 

Wardship.     The  care  of  a  ward  or  pupil. 

Security — Nouns  of  Agency. 

Anchor.     A  large  weight  or  hook  for  securing  a  ship  or  boat. 

Bandog.     A  fierce  watch-dog. 

Cerberus.     A  careful  guardian:  from    Cerberus,  the  watch-dog  of 

Hades. 
Chaperon,     A  female  guardian  of  young  unmarried  women. 
Convoy.     A  force  of  ships  or  men  for  protection  in  transit. 
Cordon  sanitaire  [F.].     Troops  stationed  for  the  purpose  of  stopping 

the  spreading  of  disease. 
Custodian.     One  having  the  custody  of  anything. 
Duenna.     An  elderly  woman  who  keeps  careful  watch  over  a  young 

woman. 
Escort.     A  guard  of  honor  or  favor. 
Garrison.     A  force  of  soldiers  stationed  in  a  fort. 
Genius  loci  [L.].     A  mythical  protecting  deity  of  a  locality. 
Guard.     Anything  that  protects  from  injury. 
Guardian.     One  having  the  care  or  protection  of  another;  especially 

in  a  legal  sense. 
Guardian  angel.     An  angel  having  special  care  of  a  person;  hence, 

any  one  devoted  to  the  care  of  another. 
Mepns  of  escape.  \  Any  way  or  means  by  which  a  person  escapes  dan- 
Means  ot  salety.  I      ger. 


Alarm,  etc.     Excitement  caused  by  sudden   fear  of  danger.     See 

Alarm. 
Apprehension,  etc.     Anxiety  caused  by  fear  of  future.     See  San 

GUINENESS-TlMIDITY. 

Breakers  ahead.     Danger  ahead. 

Cause  for  alarm.     Anything  that  causes  fear. 

Clouds  gathering.     Threatening  danger. 

Clouds  in  horizon.     Premonition  of  danger. 

Danger.     The  condition  of  being  exposed  to  injury  or  risk. 

Defenselessness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  defenseless,  etc. 

Exposure,  etc.     The  condition  of  being  exposed.     See  Contingency. 

Facilis  descensus  Averni  [L.5-     The  easy  descent  to  A  vermis,  the 

lower  world.     [Virgil,  ALneid,  vi,  1 26.] 
Forlorn  hope,  etc.     A  hopeless  condition  or  enterprise.     See  San- 

GUINENESS-HOPELESSNESS. 

Hairbreadth  escape.     Very  narrow  escape. 

Hazard.     Liability  to  encounter  danger. 

Heel  of  Achilles.  A  vulnerable  spot.  [The  water  of  the  Styx  did 
not  touch  the  heel  by  which  he  was  held.] 

Insecurity.     Lack  of  security. 

Instability,  etc.  The  quality  of  being  easily  overthrown.  Bee  Mu- 
tability. 

Jeopardy.     The  state  of  being  under  great  rirk. 

Leap  in  the  dark,  etc.  Foolish  exposure  to  danger.  See  Reckless- 
ness. 

Peril.     Exposure  to  imminent  and  very  great  danger. 

Precariousness.     The  condition  of  being  under  great  risk. 

Risk.     Liability  to  suffer  loss  or  injury. 

Road  to  ruin.     A  dangerous  course. 

Rock  ahead.     Danger  ahead. 

Slipperiness.     The  quality  of  being  slippery  or  dangerous. 

Source  of  danger,  etc.  Anything  from  which  danger  arises.  See 
Refuge-Pitfall. 

Storm  brewing.     Danger  threatening. 

Venture.     A  doubtful  undertaking. 

Vulnerability.     The  quality  of  being  vulnerable. 

Vulnerable  point.  A  place  easily  attacked  or  injured.  [The  airow  ol 
Paris  pierced  the  heel  of  Achilles.] 

Warning,  etc.     That  which  foretells  of  danger.     See  "Warning. 

Insecurity — Verbs. 

Adventure.     To  risk  losing. 
Be  exposed  to  danger.) 

Be  in  danger,  etc.         > To  be  in  a  dangerous  position.     See  Nouns. 
Being  in  danger,  etc.  ) 

Compromise.     Put  in  a  position  of  risk  of  loss  or  injury- 
Encounter  danger.     To  be  in  a  dangerous  condition. 
Endanger.     Make  liable  to  injury  or  harm. 

Engage  in  a  forlorn  hope.     To  attempt  to  do  what  seems  impossible. 
Expose  to  danger.     To  place  in  a  position  full  of  risk. 
Feel  ground  sliding  from  under  one.     To  feel  insecure. 
Hang  by  a  thread.     Be  in  a  very  dangerous  position,  as  over  a  preci- 
pice. 


SECURITY. 


948 


SECURITY— INSECURITY. 


SECURITY— INSECURITY— Continued, 


SECURITY— Nouns  of  Agency— Conti nued. 

Palladium.  A  safeguard;  especially  of  a  community:  from  the 
image  of  Pallas  in  ancient  Troy,  on  which  the  safety  of  the  city 
was  supposed  to  depend. 

Policeman.     A  civil  officer  for  the  protection  of  a  town  or  district. 

Preserver.     Anything  that  preserves. 

Protector.     Anything  that  protects. 

Safe-conduct.     A  passport  ensuring  security  from  danger. 

Safeguard.     Anything  that  keeps  in  safety. 

Safety-valve.  A  valve  on  a  boiler,  allowing  escape  of  steam  when 
pressure  is  too  great. 

Scout.     A  person  sent  out  to  rcconnoiter. 

Scutum.     Kind  of  shield. 

Security.     That  which  makes  secure. 

Sentinel.     A  soldier  stationed  on  guard. 

Sentry.     A  sentinel. 

Shield.  A  broad  piece  of  metal  for  defense,  anything  that  shelters 
or  defends. 

Third  person.  A  person  who  is  present  as  a  mediator  or  peace- 
maker. 

Tutelary  deity.  A  deity  or  angel  supposed  to  have  special  watch  or 
care  over  one. 

Tutelary  god;  }  A  tutelary  deity. 
Tutelary  saint  J  3         ' 

Warden.     One  who  keeps  guard ;  especially  in  a  prison. 

Warder.     One  who  wards  or  watches  over. 

Watch-dog.     A  dog  kept  for  protection  of  property. 

Watchman.     One  who  keeps  watch,  especially  over  property  and  at 

night. 

Security — Verbs. 

Bear  a  charmed  life.     To  be  miraculously  preserved  from  harm. 

Be  safe,  etc.     To  be  free  from  harm  or  injury.     See  Adjectives. 

Convoy.     To  act  as  a  convoy. 

Cover.     To  defend  from  or  make  provision  for  danger. 

Double  reef  topsails.     To  make  perfectly  safe  and  secure. 

Ensconce.     To  set  down  in  a  safe  place. 

Escape.     To  get  away  or  free  from  harm. 

Escort.     To  act  as  an  escort. 

Fence  round.     To  put  defenses  around. 

Find  shelter.     To  go  to  a  place  of  safety. 

Flank.     To  guard  the  flank. 

Garrison.     To  fit  out  with  soldiers. 

Guard,  etc.     To  protect  from  injury  or  attack.     See  Attack-De- 

PENSB. 

House.     To  protect  by  putting  under  shelter,  as  a  house. 

Intrench.     To  protect  by  putting  a  trench  around. 

Keep  one's  head  above  water.    To  be  safe  in  time  of  danger  or  trouble. 

Light  on  one's  feet.     To  come  safely  through  a  dangerous  experience. 

Make  assurance  doubly  suret  etc.  To  be  sure  of  perfect  safety.  See 
Recklessness-Caution. 

Make  safe.     To  free  from  danger. 

Mount  guard.     To  be  on  guard  duty. 

Nestle.     To  take  shelter  fondly,  as  a  bird  in  its  nest. 

Patrol.     To  guard  by  marching  around ,  as  on  a  beat. 

Preserve.     To  keep  and  hold  in  safety. 

Protect.     To  ward  off  danger  or  attack  from. 

Render  safe.     To  place  in  security. 

Ride  out  the  storm.  To  successfully  resist  and  ward  off  threatened 
danger;  as  a  good  ship. 

Save  one's  bacon.     To  keep  self  and  property  from  harm. 

Screen.     To  surround  with  something  for  protection. 

Secure,  etc.  To  free  and  keep  from  injury  or  risk.  See  Release- 
Restraint. 

Seek  safety.     To  look  for  a  place  of  security. 

Shelter.     To  keep  safe  by  surrounding  or  covering. 

Shroud.     To  conceal  or  hide. 

Take  care  of,  etc.     To  protect.     See  Carefulness-Carelessness. 

Take  charge  of.     To  take  under  one's  care. 

Take  precautions,  etc.     Be  on  the  watch  for  danger.     See  PnrrAPA- 

TION. 

Take  shelter,  etc.     To  go  to  a  place  of  safety.     See  Refuge. 

Take  up  a  loose  thread.     To   take    away    the    slightest    liability    to 

danger. 
Tide  over.     To  carry  safely  over  a  crisis. 
Ward.     To  keep  or  cast  off,  as  of  danger. 
Watch.     Keep  guard  over. 
Weather  the  storm.     To  come  out  of  threatened  injury  in  safety. 

Security — Adjectives. 
Above  water.     Out  of  danger. 

Achillean.  Invulnerable,  like  Achilles  who  had  been  dipped  in  the 
Styx. 


I NSECURITY— Verbs— Continued. 

Have  the  chances  against  one.  \  To  be  in  such  a  position  th  t  a  par- 

Have  the  odds  against  one.       /      son  cannot  succeed. 

Have  to  run  for  it.     Be  compelled  to  exert  oneself  to  escape  i  \wcer. 

Hazard.     Run  a  risk. 

Imperil.     Put  in  position  of  great  danger. 

Incur  danger.     Expose  oneself  to  danger. 

Jeopard.     To  put  in  jeopardy. 

Jeopardize.     To  place  in  great  danger. 

Lay  a  trap  for,  etc.  To  attempt  to  draw  into  a  dangerous  position. 
See  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

Lay  oneself  open  to, etc.     Expose  oneself  to.     See  Contingency. 

Lean  on  a  broken  reed.     To  have  a  poor  protection. 

Live  in  a  glass  house.     To  be  poorly  protected. 

Place  in  danger,  etc.  1  ™     ..       ~      »t 

Put  in  danger,  etc.    }Tonsk-     See  Atom*. 

Risk.     Run  a  chance  of  loss  or  injury. 

Run  a  risk.     To  be  liable  to  loss  or  injury. 

Run  into  danger.     To  expose  to  harm  or  injury. 

Run  one  hard.     Press  upon  with  danger. 

Run  the  gauntlet,  etc.     To  take  a  chance  of  injury.     See  Bravery. 

Sail  too  near  the  wind,  etc.  To  foolishly  go  near  danger.  See  Reck- 
lessness. 

Set  at  hazard.     To  put  out  at  a  venture. 

Sit  on  a  barrel  of  gunpowder.     To  be  in  a  very  dangerous  position. 

Sleep  on  a  volcano.     To  be  in  great  danger  unconsciously. 

Stake.     To  put  out  at  a  risk. 

Stand  on  a  volcano.     To  be  in  great  danger. 

Threaten  danger.  To  promise  harm  to.  See  Charitableness- 
Menace. 

Totter.     To  be  on  the  point  of  falling. 

Trust  to  a  broken  reed.     To  put  faith  in  a  dangerous  support. 

Venture.     To  undertake  or  put  out  at  a  great  risk. 

Insecurity — Adjectives. 
Adventurous.     Full  of  risk. 

Alarming,  etc.     Causing  alarm.     See  Sanguineness-Timidity. 
At  bay.     Without  way  of  escape. 
At  stake.     Attended  with  risk. 
At  the  last  extremity.     In  the  greatest  danger. 
Aux  abois  [F.].     At  bay. 

Between  Scylla  and  Cbarybdis.     Surrounded  by  great  peril. 
Between  the  hammer  and  the  anvil.     Liable  to  meet  violent  death. 
Between  two  fires.     In  very  great  danger. 
Built  upon  sand.     Having  no  foundation. 
Critical.     Attended  by  peril. 
Crumbling.     Going  to  decay. 
Dangerous.     Accompanied  by  danger. 
Defenseless.     Without  means  of  defense. 
Endangered,  etc.     Placed  in  danger.     See  Verbs. 
Explosive.     Liable  to  explode. 
Exposed.     Without  protection. 
Expugnable.     Capable  of  being  taken  by  storm. 
Fenceless.     Undefended. 
Fraught  with  danger.     Very  dangerous. 
Guardless.     Without  a  guard. 
Guideless.     Without  a  guide. 

Hanging  by  a  thread,  etc.     In  great  peril.     See  Verbs. 
Harborless.     Without  place  of  refuge. 
Hazardous.     Exposed  to  risk. 
Helpless.     Without  means  of  help. 
Ill-omened.     Foretelling  danger. 
In  a  bad  way.     In  a  critical  condition. 
In  danger,  etc.     Liable  to  injury.     See  Nouns. 
In  question.     Uncertain. 
Insecure.     Lacking  security. 

In  the  lion's  den.     In  the  midst  of  the  greatest  peril. 
Nodding  to  its  fall,  etc.     About  to  perish.     See  Creatiok-Destruc 

TION. 

Not  out  of  the  wood.     Still  in  danger. 

Off  one's  guard,  etc.     Not  on  the  lookout  for  danger.     See  Expecta- 
tion-Surprise. 
Ominous.     Portending  evil. 
On  a  lee  shore.     Near  the  rocks. 
On  a  sandy  basis.     Without  a  firm  foundation. 
On  slippery  ground.     In  a  perilous  position. 
On  the  brink.     Dangerously  situated. 
On  the  edge.     In  the  greatest  danger. 
On  the  rocks.     Almost  certain  to  be  destroyed. 
On  the  verge  of  a  precipice. 1  T  , 

On  the  verle  of  a  volcano.  /  In  a  very  dan«er°"s  P°s'«°n- 
On  the  wrong  side  of  the  wall.     In  danger  from  a  falling  wall. 
Open  to,  etc.     Exposed  to.     See  Contingency. 


SECURITY. 


049 


SEE. 


SECURITY— INSECURITY—  Continued. 


SECURITY— Adjectives— Continued. 

At  anchor.     Secure  from  injury. 

Bailable.     Able  to  be  bailed. 

Cavendo  tutus  [L.j.     Safe  by  taking  heed. 

Defensible.     Capable  of  being  defended. 

Fire-proof.     Incapable  of  being  destroyed  by  fire. 

Guardian.      Charged  with  the  duty  of  guarding. 

Harmless.     Incapable  of  inflicting  injury. 

High  and  dry.     Out  of  harm's  way. 

Imperdible.     That  cannot  be  destroyed. 

Impregnable.     That  cannot  be  injured  by  attack. 

Inexpugnable.     That  cannot  be  successfully  attacked. 

In  safety      1  p       £         d 

Insecurity.)  e 

Insurable.     Capable  of  being  insured. 

Invulnerable.     Incapable  of  being  wounded. 

Not  dangerous,  etc.     Free  from  danger.     See  Security-Insecurity. 

On  sure  ground.        "1 

On  the  safe  side.        L,       ,        ,  , 

Out  of  danger.  f  Free  from  harm  or  danger- 

Out  of  harm's  way.  j 

Out  of  the  meshes.     Out  of  danger  of  being  caught;  out  of  the  net. 

Panoplied,  etc .     Completely  protected ,  as  by  armor.  * 

Preservative,  etc.     Able  to  preserve.     See  Preservation. 

Proof  against.     Capable  of  resisting. 

Protected,  etc.     Rendered  safe.     See  Verbs, 

Protecting,  etc.     Able  to  protect. 

Safe.     In  a  position  where  harm  cannot  be  done. 

Safe  and  sound,  etc.  Free  from  all  harm  or  injury.  See  Preserva- 
tion. 

Scathless,  etc.     Unharmed.     See  Faultlessness. 

Seaworthy.  Capable  of  successfully  resisting  the  dangers  of  the 
sea. 

Secure.     Not  liable  to  be  exposed  to  injury  or  attack. 

Snug.     Closely  protected. 

Sure.     Certainly  protected. 

Tenable.     That  can  be  defended. 

Trustwrothy,  etc.     That  can  be  depended  upon.     See  Uprightness. 

Tutelary.     Having  guardianship  over. 

Unassailable.     That  cannot  be  assailed. 

Unattackable.     That  cannot  be  successfully  attacked. 

Under  cover.     Protected. 

Under  lock  and  key.     Protected  by  lock  and  key. 

Under  the  shade  of.     Under  the  protection  of. 

Under  the  shadow  of  one's  wing.     Under  the  careful  protection  of. 

Under  the  shield  of.)  T  ,     ,  „ 

„.,...         ,     c  In  one  s  charge  or  care. 
Under  the  wing  of.  ) 

Unhazarded.     Not  placed  in  danger  of  loss  or  injury. 

Unmolested.     Not  disturbed  or  attacked. 

Unthreatened.     Not  in  the  way  of  danger. 

Water-proof.     That  cannot  be  injured  by  water. 

Weather-proof.     That  cannot  be  harmed  by  destructive  force  of 

weather. 


INSECURITY7— Adjectives— Continued. 

Parlous.     Perilous. 

Periculous.     Perilous. 

Perilous.     Attended  by  peril. 

Precarious.     Subject  to  risk  or  danger. 

Ramshackle.     Going  to  pieces. 

Reduced  to  the  last  extremity.     About  to  be  destroyed. 

Shaky.     Uncertain  and  fraught  with  danger. 

Slippery.     Liable  to  prove  dangerous ;  risky. 

Slippy.     Slippery. 

Threatening,  etc.     Portending  evil.     See  Charitableness  Menac*. 

Ticklish.     Involving  risk. 

Top-heavy.     Heavy  at  top  and  liable  to  fall. 

Tottering.     Going  to  ruin. 

Trembling  in  the  balance.     Uncertain  and  fearful. 

Tumble-down.     Gone  to  ruin. 

Unadmonished.     Not  forewarned. 

Unadvised.     Not  advised. 

Under  fire .     In  danger  of  being  shot. 

Unprepared,  etc.     Not  ready  for  danger.     See  Preparation-Non- 

preparation. 
Unprotected,  etc.     Exposed  to  danger.     See  Security. 
Unsafe,  etc.     See  sub  Safety. 
Unshielded .     U  nprotected. 
Unstable.     Not  characterized  by  certainty. 
Unsteady.     Shaky. 
Untrustworthy.     Not  to  be  risked. 
Unwarned.     Not  knowing  of  danger  ahead. 

Vulnerable.     Capable  of  being  wounded  or  destroyed  by  attacks 
Waterlogged.     Soaked  with  water,  liable  to  sink. 
With  a  halter  around  one's  neck.     In  imminent  danger  of  death. 

Insecurity — Phrases. 
Jncidit  in  Scyllam  qui  vuit  vitare  Charybdin  [L.].      He  who  tries  to 

escape  on*  peril  encounters  another. 
Nam  tua  res  agitur  paries   dum  proximus  ardet    [L.].     Your  own 

property  is  in  peril  when  your  neighbor's  house  burns. 


SECURITY—  Continued, 

Security — A  dverbst  etc. 
Ex  abundante  cautela  [L. ].  Strict  precaution. 
With  impurity.     Without  harm. 

Se  c  u  R  i  t  y —  Phrases. 
A  couvert  [F.].     Under  cover. 
All's  well. 
Dieu  vous  garde  [F.J,     God  guard  you. 

Salvaresest  [L.j\     The  matter  is  safe. 

Suave  mart  magno,  e  terra  alterius  spectare  laborem  [Lucretius,  ii,  i], 
etc.  [L.].  Sweet,  in  a  great  sea.  to  view  from  land  another's 
struggle.      Pleasant  when  one  is  safe  to  watch  another  in  danger. 

Via  tritat  via  tut  a  [L.].     The  beaten  path,  the  safe  path. 


se-dan'-chair".  A  closed  chair  carried  o*n  poles.  Con- 
veyance-Vessel. 

se-date'.  Grave.  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection,  Reflection-Vacancy. 

sed'-a-tive.  Soothing;  a  medicine.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Remedy-Bane,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

sed'-en-ta-ry.     Lacking  in  activity.     Movement-Rest. 

6edge,     A  grass-like  herb.     Fauna-Flora. 

fied'-i-ment.     Settlings.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

sed"-i-men'-ta-ry.  Of  the  nature  of  sediment.  Incre- 
ment-Remnant ;  sedimentary  rocks,  Geology. 

se-di'-tion.  Covert  acts  against  government.  Insub- 
ordination-Obedience, Patriotism-Treason. 

se-di'-tious.     Turbulent.  Insubordination-Obedi- 

ence, Patriotism-Treason. 

se-duce'.  To  entice  into  wrong.  Love-Hate,  Motive- 
Dehortation,  Purity-Impurity. 

se-duce'-ment.  Enticement  into  wrong.  Motive-Ca- 
price. 

se-duc'-er.  One  who  entices.  Motive-Caprice,  Purity- 
Rake. 

se-duc'-ing.  Enticing.  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness. 

se-duc'-tion.     Enticements  of  evil.     Desire-Distaste, 


Motive-Caprice,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness, 
Purity-Impurity. 

se-duc'-tive.  Enticing.  Motive-Caprice,  Pleasura- 
bleness-Painfulness. 

se-duc'-tor.     Seducer.     Motive-Caprice. 

sed'-u-lous.  Diligent.  Activity-Indolence,  Desire- 
Distaste. 

see.  To  look;  believe  or  know ;  a  bishopric.  Church, 
Faith-Misgiving,  Heed-Disregard,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Sight-Blindness;  see  after,  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness; see  at  a  glance,  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity; see  daylight,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Dis- 
covery; see  double,  Teetotalism-Intemperance; 
see  fit,  Readiness-Reluctance,  Volition-Obliga- 
tion; see  justice  done,  Right-Wrong;  see  land,  San- 
guineness-Hopelessness;  see  one's  way,  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity, Difficulty-Facility,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Obstruction-Help,  Prevision, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  see  service,  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation; see  sights,  Inquisitiveness-Indiffer- 
ence;  see  the  light,  Life-Death,  Publicity;  see 
through,  Discovery,  Sagacity-Incapacity;  see  to, 
Carefulness  -  Carelessness,  Heed  -  Disregard, 
Management;  we  shall  see,  Expectation-Surprjsb. 


SEED. 


950 


SELF. 


seed.  Something  small;  a  cause;  posterity;  grain. 
Cause-Effect,  Friability,  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Parentage-Progeny;  run  to  seed,  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Infancy-Age;  sow  the  seed, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

seed'-ling.  A  plant  grown  from  a  seed.  Infant- Vet- 
eran. 

seed'-plot".  A  nursery.  Domestication- Agricul- 
ture, Fertility-Sterility. 

seed'-time' '  if  life.     Childhood.     Infancy-Age. 

seed'-y.  in  bad  condition.  Affluence-Penury, 
Betterment  -  Relapse,  Creation  -  Destruction, 
Health-Sickness,  Weariness-Refreshment. 

•ee'-ing.     Perceiving.     Sight-Blindness. 

see'ing  that.  Since  this  is  so.  Condition-Situation, 
Ratiocination- Instinct. 

seek.  To  inquire  into;  search;  ask.  Investigation- 
Answer,  Petition-Expostulation,  Proffer-Re- 
fusal, Quest-Abandonment;  seek  safety,  Secu- 
rity-Insecurity. 

seek'-sor"-row.  A  self- tormentor.  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection. 

seel.     To  roll,  as  a  vessel.     Suspension-Support. 

Seelen  dulden  still,  grosse  [G.]  (se'-len  dul'-den  shtill, 
gros'-se).  Great  souls  suffer  in  silence.  Sound-Si- 
lence, Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

seem.  To  appear.  Appearance-Disappearance;  as 
it  seems  good  to,  Volition-Obligation. 

seem'-ing.  Apparently  so.  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance. 

seem'-ing-ly.  Apparently.  Appearance -Disappear- 
ance, Likelihood-Unlikelihood. 

seem'-less.  Not  comely;  undue.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Dueness-Undueness. 

seem'-li-ness.     Propriety.     Duty-Dereliction. 

seem'-ly.  Fitting;  comely.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Due- 
ness-Undueness, Propriety-Impropriety. 

seer.  One  gifted  with  prophetic  vision.  Devotion- 
Magician,  Infant-Veteran,  Saneness-Maniac, 
Soothsayer. 

see'-saw".     A  kind  of  sport.     Vibration. 

seethe.  To  be  hot ;  to  be  excited.  Excitation,  Heat- 
Cold,  Heating-Cooling. 

seeth'-ing  cal'-dron.  A  boiling  caldron.  Oven-Refrig- 
erator. 

se-gar'.     A  cigar.     Pungency. 

seg'-ment.     A  section.     Whole-Part. 

seg'-ni-tude.     Inactivity.     Activity-Indolence. 

seg'-ni-ty.     Inactivity.     Activity-Indolence. 

s'igosiller  [F.]  (se-go-zl-y£') .  To  cry  aloud.  Cry- 
Ululation. 

seg'-re-gate.  Not  related;  to  set  apart.  Connection- 
Independence,  Inclusion-Omission,  Union-Dis- 
union. 

seg'-re-ga"-ted.   Not  connected.  Cohesion-Looseness. 

seg"-re-ga'-tion.  Isolation.  Inclusion -Omission, 
Union-Disunion. 

seigneur,  grand  [F.]  (se-niur'  gran-).  A  great  lord. 
Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Selfrespect-Hum- 
bleness. 

sei'-gnior.  A  lord;  sir.  Chief-Underling,  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness. 

sei'-gnior-i-ty.  Authority;  possession.  Holding-Ex- 
emption, Property.  Rule-License. 

sei'-gnior-y.     Lordship.     Rule-License. 

seine.     A  fish-net.     Enclosure. 

sei'-sin.  Possession;  property.  Holding-Exemption, 
Property. 

seis-mom'-e-ter.  An  instrument  for  measuring  earth- 
quakes.    Impetus-Reaction 

seize.  To  take.  Taking-Restitution,  Theft;  seize 
an  opportunity.  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

seized  with.  Affected  with.  Emotion,  Health-Sick- 
ness. 


sei'-zure.     Taking  possession  of  by  law.     Taking-Res- 
titution. 

se-junc'-tion.     Disjunction.     Union-Disunion. 

sel'-dom.     Not  often.     Frequency-Rarity. 

sel'-dom-ness      Rarity.     Frequency-Rarity. 

se-lect'.     To  choose.     Choice-Rejection,   Goodness- 
Badness. 

self.  The  individual.  Sameness-Contrast,  Univer- 
sality-Particularity; self-abasement,  Selfre- 
spect-Humbleness;  self-abnegation,  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness; self-accusation,  Repentance- 
Obduracy;  self-accusing,  Repentance-Obduracy; 
self-admiration,  Conceit-Diffidence;  self-admiring, 
Conceit-Diffidence  ;  self-applauding,  Conceit-Dif- 
fidence; self-applause,  Conceit-Diffidence;  self- 
approbation,  Conceit- Diffidence;  self-called, 
Name-Misnomer;  self-christened,  Name-Misnomer; 
self-command,  Determination-Vacillation,  Mod- 
eration-Selfindulgence,  Recklessness-Caution; 
self-communing,  Reflection-Vacancy;  self-com- 
placency, Conceit-Diffidence,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection;  self-conceit,  Conceit-Diffidence;  self- 
condemnation,  Repentance-Obduracy;  self-confi- 
dence, Conceit-Diffidence;  self-confident,  Con- 
ceit-Diffidence; self-conquest,  Moderation-Self- 
indulgence.  Persistence-Whim;  self-conscious, So- 
ciety-Affectation; self-consultation,  Reflection- 
Vacancy;  self-control,  Determination-Vacilla- 
tion, Excitability-Inexcitability,  Moderation- 
Selfindulgence,  Unselfishness  -Selfishness; 
self-convicted,  Repentance-Obduracy;  self-con- 
viction,  Faith-Misgiving,  Number;  self-council, 
Reflection-Vacancy;  self-deceit,  Truth-Error; 
self-deception,  Credulousness-Skepticism,  Truth- 
Error;  self-defense,  Attack-Defense;  self-denial, 
Determination-Vacillation,  Devotion-Idolatry, 
Moderation  -  Selfindulgence,  Unselfishness- 
Selfishness,  Virtue-Vice;  self-denying,  Unself- 
ishness-Selfishness; self-devoted,  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness; self-discipline,  Devotion-Idola- 
try; self-esteem,  Conceit-Diffidence;  self-evident, 
Certainty-Doubt,  Manifestation-Latency;  self- 
examination,  Devotion -Idolatry;  self-existent, 
Entity-Nonentity;  self-existing,  Entity-Nonen- 
tity; self-flattering,  Conceit-Diffidence;  self-glo- 
rification, Conceit-Diffidence;  self-glorious,  Con- 
ceit-Diffidence;  self-government,  Determination- 
Vacillation,  Liberty-Subjection;  self-gratula- 
tion,  Conceit-Diffidence;  self-help,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness;  self-humiliation,  Repentance-Obdu- 
racy; self-immolation,  Devotion-Idolatry;  self- 
indulgence,  Moderation-Selfindulgence;  Unself- 
ishness-Selfishness; self-indulgent,  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness; self-instruction,  Education- 
Learning;  self-interest,  Unselfishness-Selfish- 
ness; self-interested,  Unselfishness-Selfishness; 
self-knowledge,  Conceit-Diffidence;  self-laudation, 
Conceit -Diffidence;  self-love,  Unselfishness- 
Selfishness;  self-luminous,  Luminary-Shade;  self- 
opinionated,  Conceit -Diffidence;  self-  opinioned, 
Bigotry-Apostasy,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Sagac- 
ity-Incapacity; self-possessed,  Determination- 
Vacillation,  Recklessness-Caution,  Saneness- 
Lunacy;  self-possession,  Determination-Vacilla- 
tion, Excitability-Inexcitability,  Reckless- 
ness-Caution; self-praise,  Conceit -Diffidence; 
self-preservation,  Reprisal -Resistance;  self-reli- 
ance, Bravery-Cowardice,  Determination-Vacil- 
lation, Sanguineness- Hopelessness;  self-re- 
proach, Repentance-Obduracy;  self-reproof,  Re- 
pentance-Obduracy; self-respect,  Gentility-Com- 
monalty, Selfrespect-Humbleness;  self-restraint, 
Determination  -  Vacillation,  Excitability- 

Inexcitability.       Moderation-  Selfindulgence; 


SELF. 


951 


SELF-RESPECT— HUMBLENESS. 


self-sacrifice,  Unselfishness-  Selfishness  ;  self- 
sacrificing,  Unselfishness  -  Selfishness;  self- 
satisfied,  Conceit- Diffidence;  self-seeking,  Un- 
selfishness -  Selfishness;  self-  styled,  Name- 
Misnomer;  self-sufficiency,  Conceit -Diffidence; 
self-sufficient,  Conceit  -  Diffidence  ;  self-taught, 
Knowledge  -  Ignorance;     self- tormentor,    Light- 


heartedness-Dejection;  self-will,  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy; self-willed,  Bigotry- Apostasy;  self-worship, 
Unselfishness-Selfishness. 
self'-ish-ness.  Seek  ng  one  s  own  interest.  Conceit- 
Diffidence,  Extravagance-Avarice,  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness. 


SELFRESPECT— HUMBLENESS. 


Airogance.  Extreme  self-assertion,  claiming  much  for  self  and 
granting  little  to  others.     See  Presumption. 

Dignity.     Stately  impressiveness  of  character. 

Haughtiness.  Thinking  highly  of  self  and  poorly  of  others.  See  Ad- 
jectives, 

Hauteur.     Disdainful  spirit. 

Mem  sibi  coftscia  recti  [L.J.  A  mind  conscious  of  rectitude.  [Virgil, 
JEneid,  i,  604.] 

Pride.     Honorable  self-respect ;  a  sense  of  one's  superiority. 

Self-respect.     Respect  for  oneself,  laudable  self-esteem. 

Vainglory.     Excessive  vanity. 

Selfrespect — Denotations, 

Crest.     The  helm  or  head,  as  typical  of  a  high  spirit ;  pride. 

Fine  gentleman.  >  A         on  aim{      ftt  show  or  effect_ 

Fine  lady.  J 

High-flier.     One  who  is  extravagant  in  opinions  or  manners. 

High  notions.     Extravagance  of  opinions  or  pretensions. 

Proud  man.     A  man  showing  too  great  self-esteem. 

Selfrespect — Verbs. 

•'Bear  like  the  Turk  no  rival  [brother] near  the  throne."  To  allow 
no  possible  rival.     [Pope  (of  Addison).     To  Arbuthnot,  107 .] 

Be  proud.     To  have  self-respect.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  proud  of.     To  have  a  regard  or  esteem  for. 

Boast.     To  talk  highly  of  oneself ;  brag.     See  Bragging. 

Bridle.  To  express  pride  or  scorn  by  holding  up  the  head  and  draw- 
ing in  the  chin. 

Carry  with  a  high  hand.     To  conduct  overbearingly. 

Give  oneself  airs.     To  assume  affectation.     See  Presumption. 

Glory  in.     To  take  pride  in. 

Hold  one's  head  high.  I  ~    .  , 

_  .,  ,   ,       j if  lobe  proud. 

Hold  up  ones  head.     )  * 

Hug  oneself.     To  congratulate  oneself. 

Lift  up  one's  head.     To  exhibit  one's  pride. 

Look  big.     To  have  an  appearance  of  pride. 

Look  one  in  the  face.     To  have  his  full  respect. 

Mount  on  one's  high  horse.     To  have  much  self-esteem. 

Not  hide  one's  light  under  a  bushel.)  To  make  a  show  of  one's  capa- 

Not  put  one's  talent  in  a  napkin.       <       bilities. 

Not  to  think  small  beer  of  oneself.     To  think  well  of  oneself. 

Perk  oneself  up.     To  bear  oneself  loftily. 

Pique  oneself.     To  pride  or  value. 

Presume.     To  go  beyond  what  is  warranted. 

Pride  oneself  on.     To  indulge  in  pride  or  self-esteem. 

Put  a  good  face  on.     To  assume  a  false  appearance. 

Rear  up  one's  head.  1T„   .     „    «. 
t»-j    ,1.    *.•  1.  u  1  lo  show  on. 

Ride  the  high  horse. > 

Set  one's  back  up.     To  assume  a  haughty  attitude. 

Stalk  abroad.     To  walk  boldly  about. 

Stand  upon.     To  value;  insist  upon. 

Strut.     To  walk  with  show;  to  walk  Spanish. 

Swagger.     To  boast  loudly. 

Take  a  pride  in.     To  esteem  highly. 

Take  the  wall.     To  take  the  advantageous  side. 

Toss  the  head.     To  express  pride  in  oneself  or  scorn  for  something 

else. 

Selfrespect — Adjectives. 

Arrogant.     Having  excessive,  offensive  pride.     See  Presumption. 

Baronial.     Having  the  character  of  a  baron;  lordly. 

Bloated  with  pride.     Swollen  with  pride. 

Blown.     Swollen;  distended. 

Bumptious.     Full  of  odious  self-conceit. 

Consequential.     Having  the  air  of  importance. 

Dignified.     Having  a  stately  impressiveness. 

Disdainful.     Full  of  disdain;  scornful. 

En  grand  seigneur  [F.].     In  the  manner  of  a  great  lord. 

Fine.     Showy;  pretentious. 

Flushed.     Excited;  animated. 

Haughty.     Proud  and  scornful . 

High.     Conceited. 

High  and  mighty.      Powerful  and  proud. 


Abasement.  The  condition  of  being  brought  low  in  condition  or  fee- 
ing. 

Affability.  Courteousness  combined  with  ease  in  conversation.  See 
Politeness. 

Blush.  A  suffusion  of  the  cheeks  with  red,  as  from  a  sense  of  mod- 
esty. 

Condescension.     Courteousness  to  inferiors. 

Confusion.     Loss  of  self-possession. 

Humbleness.  State  of  being  humble,  or  of  thinking  poorly  of  one- 
self. 

Humiliation.     Reduction  to  a  lower  state ;  mortification. 

Humility.  Modest  estimate  of  one's  worth,  willingness  to  takt  a 
lower  place  than  merit  deserves. 

Let  down.     A  lowering  of  one's  personal  opinion. 

Lowlihood.  J  State  oi ^.^  lowlyi of  ^^g  jow  jn  rank_ 

Lowness.     State  of  being  low. 

Meekness.  State  of  being  meek,  or  of  being  not  easily  provoked,  ot 
resentful. 

Modesty.  Unwillingness  to  put  oneself  forward;  absence  of  over- 
weening confidence  in  one's  abilities. 

Mortification.     Subduing  of  the  passions  by  penance. 

Resignation.     The  state  of  being  submissive  to  a  superior. 

Self-abasement.  Degradation  by  one's  own  act;  humiliation  from 
consciousness  of  guilt,  etc. 

Sense  of  shame"'}  A  feeling  of  a  lowerinS in  PubHc  estimation. 

Set-down.     A  set-back;  a  humiliation. 

Submission.     Conformity  to  the  will  of  another;  resignation. 

Suffusion.     An  overspreading,  as  of  blushes. 

Verecundity.     Modesty. 

H  umbleness —  Verbs. 

Abase.     To  bring  low. 

Abash.     To  disconcert  by  depriving  of  self-possession. 

Ashame.     To  make  ashamed;  to  confuse  by  knowledge  of  guilt. 

Be  conscious  of  disgrace.     To  have  a  feeling  of  shame. 

Be  conscious  of  shame.     To  be  ashamed. 

Be  humble.     To  think  lowly  of  oneself.     See  Adjectives. 

Blush  for.     To  feel  shame  for. 

Blush  up  to  the  eyes.     To  blush  all  over. 

Carry  coals.     To  bear  indignities  tamely. 

Cast  into  shade.     To  eclipse;  subdue.     See  Reputation-Discredit, 

Change  color.     To  blush. 

Colorup.     To  change  color;  be  abashed. 

Condescend.     To  be  courteous  to  inferiors. 

Confuse.     To  throw  the  mind  in  perplexity  by  a  feeling  of  inferiority* 

Crush.     To  overcome  completely,  as  by  a  feeling  of  littleness. 

Deign.     To  stoop  to  an  inferior. 

Demean  oneself.     To  conduct  oneself  with  modesty. 

Disgrace.     To  bring  shame  upon ;  reject  from  favor. 

Draw  in  one's  horns.     To  retract;  withdraw. 

Drink  the  cup  of  humiliation  to  the  dregs.     To  humble  oneself. 

Feel.     To  be  conscious  of  some  state  or  sensation  of  wrong  or  impro* 

priety. 

Feel  ashamed. \  Confused  by  a  conviction  of  some  wrong  action  or 

Feel  shame.      )       impropriety. 

Feel  small.     To  feel  ignoble  and  mean. 

Frown  down.     To  disapprove  by  looks;  rebuke. 

Get  a  set-down.     To  be  humiliated. 

Hang  one's  head.     To  feel  disgraced. 

Hide  one's  diminished  head.)  ™       ,.      .     ,.  ,  ,.  

_.,  ,    ,  c  To  retire  in  disfavor  or  disgrace. 

Hide  ones  face.  ) 

Humble.     To  make  humble ;  lower  the  pride  of. 
Humble  oneself.     To  think  lowly  of  oneself. 
Humiliate.     To  reduce  the  pride  or  self-respect  of. 
Let  down.     To  lower  in  esteem ,  consideration ,  etc. 
Look  foolish.     To  express  by  appearance  the  feeling  of  impropriety 
Lower  one^s  note,  j  Tq  diminish  one.s  consequence. 
Lower  one  s  tone.) 

Make  one  sing  small.     To  subdue  one's  self-consequence. 
Mortify.     To  bring  one's  passions  into  subjection ;  to  humble. 
Not  dare  to  show  one's  face.     To  be  retired  in  disgrace. 
Not  have  a  word  to  say  for  oneself.     To  be  overcome  by  a  sense  of 
guilt. 


SELF-RESPECT. 


952 


SEMICIRCULAR. 


SELFRESPECT—  HUMBLENESS—  Continued. 


SELFRESPECT— Adjectives— Continued. 

High-flown.     Proud;  pretentious. 

High-handed.     Carried  on  in  an  overbearing  manner. 

High-mettled.     Full  of  mettle  or  spirit;  proud. 

High-minded.     Foolish  and  proud. 

High-plumed.     Abundantly  decorated. 

High-sou  led.     Magnanimous. 

High-toned .     Aristocratic . 

Imperious.     Haughtily  commanding;  imperative. 

In  buckram.     In  a  stiff  manner. 

Lofty.     Elevated  in  manner  or  mien;  proud. 

Lofty-minded.      High-minded;  characterized  by  pride. 

Lordly.     Like  a  lord;  haughty;  domineering. 

Magisterial.     Having  the  manners  of  a  master. 

Mighty. 

On  one's  high  horses.  > 

On  one's  high  ropes.    >  Haughty. 

On  one's  tight  ropes.  J 

On  stilts.     Pompous;  haughty. 

Overweening.     Characterized  by  arrogance. 

Perked  up.     Being  exalted ;  carrying  oneself  proudly. 

Prim.     Very  neat  and  stiff. 

Proud.     Having  an  undue  sense  of  one's  importance. 

Proud  as  a  peacock.  \  c.  ,  , 

n_      .       t      •<  f  Showy  and  proud. 

Proud  as  Lucifer.      )  J         * 

Proud-crested.     Proudly  presumptuous. 

Puffed  up.     Swollen,  as  with  self -importance. 

Purse-proud.     Arrogant ,  due  to  money. 

Starch.     Stiff  and  rigid. 

Stately.     Evincing  dignity ;  dignified. 

Stiff.     Haughty. 

Stiff-necked.     Unyielding;  insubordinate. 

Strait-laced.     Stiff  and  straight,  especially  in  morals. 

Stuck  up.     Proud ;  haughty. 

Supercilious.     Haughty  with  pride  ;  with  raised  eyebrows. 

Swollen.     Inflated  or  distended,  as  with  one's  consequence. 

Unblushing.     Not  blushing,  bold.     See  Conceit. 

Vainglorious.     Excessive  in  boasting;  vaunting. 

Selfrespect — Adverb. 
With  head  erect.     Proudly. 

Selfrespect — Phrase. 
Odi  profanum  vulgus  et  arceo  fL.].     I  hate  the  profane  crowd  and  I 
shun  them.     [Horace,  Odes.  Ill,  i,  I.] 


HUMBLENESS — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Unoffended.     Not  offended. 
Verecund.     Modest;  shy. 

Humbleness — Adverbs. 
On  all  fours.    \  c  ,     .    .     , 
On  one's  feet.  {Submissively. 

Under  correction.     Reproved. 
With  bated  breath.     In  fear. 
With  bended  knees.      Humbly. 
With'  downcast  eyes.      In  shame. 
With  due  deference.      Honorably. 

Humbleness — Phrases. 

A  Pobreza  no  hay  verguenza  [Sp.].      Poverty  has  no  shame. 
I  am  your  obedient  servant. 
X  am  your  very  humble  servant. 
My  service  to  you. 


HUMBLENESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Put  out  of  countenance.     To  be  confused. 

Put  to  the  blush.     To  cause  shame  to. 

Redden.     To  make  red ;  to  blush. 

Render  humble.     To  lower  one's  respect  for  self. 

Send  away  with  a  flea  in  one's  ear.  To  send  away  with  a  caution  of 
rebuff. 

Set-down.     To  humble  in  a  rough  way. 

Sing  small.     To  have  a  lowly  opinion  of  oneself. 

Snub.     To  rebuff;  to  treat  contemptuously. 

Sober  down.     To  become  serious  and  grave. 

Stare  out  of  countenance.     To  cause  confusion  of  countenance. 

Stoop.     To  yield  to  another. 

Stoop  to  conquer.  To  condescend  to  conquer.  [Goldsmith,  She 
Stoops  to  Conquer.} 

Strike  dumb.     To  confound. 

Submit.  To  yield  to  the  power  or  bearing  of  another.  See  Yield- 
ing. 

Submit  with  good  grace.  To  yield  gracefully.  See  Excitability- 
Inexcitability. 

Takedown.     To  humble ;  toabash. 

Take  down  a  peg.  \  —    ,  ,  ,     ,, 

-,  .      .  ,  Ho  lower  one  s  opinion  of  self. 

Take  down  lower  J  * 

Take  shame  to  oneself.     To  humble  oneself  for  another's  sake. 

Teach  one  his  distance.     To  show  one  his  place ;  show  one's  estimate 

of. 

Throw  into  the  shade.     To  eclipse ;  to  subdue. 

Tread  down.     To  humble  or  disgrace. 

Vouchsafe.     To  grant  with  condescension. 

Yield  the  palm.     To  acknowledge  superiority. 

Humbleness — Adjectives, 

Abashed.     Deprived  of  self-possession. 

Affable.     Courteous  and  ready  to  converse.     See  Politeness. 

Ashamed.     Feeling  shame ;  abashed  by  guilt. 

Bowed  down.     Caused  to  stoop,  as  with  grief  or  shame. 

Brow-beaten.     Intimidated  by  rough  manner  or  address. 

Chapfallen.     Having  the  lips  or  jaw  drooping. 

Condescending.     Courteous  to  inferiors. 

Crestfallen.     Having  the  crest  lowered;  dejected. 

Dashed.     Checked;  confounded. 

Down  in  the  mouth.     Chapfallen;  depressed  in  countenance. 

Down  on  one's  knees.     In  humble  attitude. 

Down  on  one's  marrow-bones.     Down  on  one's  knees. 

Dumfounded.     Confused  with  astonishment. 

Flabbergasted.     Struck  with  wonder. 

Humble.     Not  thinking  highly  of  oneself. 

Humbled.     Lowered  in  one's  self-esteem.     See  Verbs. 

Humbled  in  the  dust.     Greatly  humbled. 

Humble-minded.     Having  an  humble  mind. 

Lowly.     Having  low  rank. 

Meek.     Gentle  and  submissive  in  disposition. 

Modest.  Unwilling  to  push  oneself  forward  unduly.  See  Conckit- 
Diffidence. 

Out  of  countenance.     Downcast. 

Resigned.     Submissive  to  superiors. 

Servile.  Having  the  spirit  of  a  slave;  cringing.  See  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness. 

Shorn  of  one's  glory.  Deprived  of  one's  occasion  of  glory.  See 
Reputation-Discredit. 

Sober-minded.     Serious  and  grave. 

Submissive.  Willing  to  obey  or  conform  to  the  will  of  another.  See 
Yielding. 

{Continued  on  Column  i .) 


self -same".     Identical.     Sameness-Contrast. 

sell.  To  exchange;  deceive.  Adage-Nonsense,  Buy- 
ing-Sale,  Truthfulness-Fabrication,  Truthful- 
ness-Falsehood; sell  for,  Price-Discount;  sell  off, 
Buying-Sale;  sell  oneself,  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty; sell  one's  life  dearly,  Fighting-Conciliation, 
Reprisal-Resistance;  sellout,  Buying-Sale. 

telT-er.     One  who  sells.     Buying-Sale,  Dealer. 

sehn  les  regies  [F.]  (se-lon-'  Id  regl) .  According  to  rule. 
Conventionality-Unconvent  onality. 

sel'-vedge.     A  finished  edge.     Border. 

sem'-a-phore.     A  signal  apparatus.     Sign. 


sem'-blance.  Apparent  likeness.  Copy-Model,  Imi- 
tation -  Originality,  Likelihood  -  Unlikelihood, 
Likeness-Unlikeness;  wear  the  semblance  of,  Ap- 
pearance-Disappearance. 

se"-mei-ol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  signs.  Interpreta- 
tion-Misinterpretation, Sign. 

se"-mei-of-ics.     The  science  of  signs.     Sign. 

sem'-i.     Half.     Doubling  Halving. 

sem"-i-bar-ba'-ri-an.  Half  -  civilized.  Benefactor- 
Evildoer. 

sem'-i-breve".     A  whole  note.     Melody-Dissonance. 

sem'-i-cir"-cle.    A  haU-circle.     Circle-Winding. 

sem"-i-cir'-cu-lar.     Curvation-Rectilinearity. 


SEMICOLON. 


953 


SENSITIVENESS— APATHY. 


sem'-i-co"-lon.  A  mark  of  punctuation.  Mutation- 
Permanence. 

sem"-i-di-aph'-a-nous.  Half  transparent.  Diapha- 
neity Opaqueness. 

sem'  -i-flu'  -id.     Partly  fluid.     Viscidity-Foam. 

sem"-i  liq'  uid.     Semifluid.     Viscidity-Foam. 

sem"-l-li-quid'-i-ty.      Partially  fluid.     Viscidity-Foam. 

sem'-l-lu'-nar       Crescent-shaped.     Curvation-Recti- 

LINEARITY. 

sem'-i-nal.     Germinal.     Cause-Effect. 

sem'-i-na-ry.     A  school.     School. 

sem"-I-Da'-tion.  The  act  of  sowing.  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation. 

sem"-i-o-pa'-cous.  Semiopaque.  D:aphaneity-Opal- 
escence. 

sem"-i-o-paque'.  Translucent.  Diaphaneity-Opal- 
escence. 

6em"-i  pel-lu'-cid.  Semitransparent.  Diaphaneity- 
Opalescence. 

Bem'-i-qua  '-ver.  A  sixteenth  note.  Melody-Disso- 
nance. 

Sem-it'-ic.  Pertaining  to  the  descendants  of  Shem. 
Ethnology. 

sem'-i-tone.     Half  a  tone.    Melody-Dissonance. 

sem"-i-tran3-par'-en-cy.  Partial  transparency.  Di- 
aphaneity-Opaqueness. 

sem"-i-trans-par'ent.  Imperfectly  transparent.  Di- 
aphaneity-Opaqueness. 

semper,  in  utrumque  [L.]  (sem'-per,  in  yu-trum'-qui) . 
Always  prepared.     Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

sem"-pi-ter'-nal.  Everlasting.  Eternity-Instan- 
taneity. 

Bem"-pi-ier'-ni-ty.  Everlastingness.  Eternity  -In- 
stantaneity. 

sempre  I'ora,  e  [It.]  (sem'-pre  lo'-ra,  e).  It  is  always 
time.     Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

semp'-stress.     A  seamstress.    Agent,  Dress-Undress. 

sem-stress.     A  seamstress.    Agent. 

sen.     Coin.     Values. 

sen'-a-ry.  Pertaining  to  six.  Five-Quinquesec- 
tion. 

sen'-ate.     A  legislative  assembly.     Council. 

sen'-ate-house".     A  legislative  chamber.     Tribunal. 

sen'-a-tor.  A  member  of  a  senate.  Advice,  Council, 
President-Member. 

sen-a-to'-ri-al.     Pertaining  to  a  senator.     Council. 

sen'-a-tor-ship.  The  office  of  a  senator.  Manage- 
ment. 

senatus  consultum  [L.]  (sen-£'-tus  con-sul'-tum) .  A  de- 
cree of  the  senate.     Order. 

send.  To  impel;  transfer.  Push-Pull,  Transfer; 
send  adrift,  Admission-Expulsion;   send  a  letter  to, 


Missive-Publication;  send  away,  Admission-Ex- 
pulsion, Attraction-Repulsion,  Commission-Ab- 
rogation; send  for.  Order;  send  forth,  Publicity, 
Push-Pull;  send  off,  Admission-Expulsion,  At- 
traction -  Repulsion,  Commission  -  Abrogation, 
Push-Pull;  send  out,  Admission-Expulsion;  send 
word,  Enlightenment  Secrecy. 

senes,bis  pueri  [L.]  (si'-niz,  bis  piu'-er-oi).  Old  men 
are  children  twice.      Infancy-Age. 

se-nes'  cence.     Aging.      Infancy-Age. 

sen'-a-schal.  A  steward.  Chief-Underling,  Mana- 
ger. 

sen'-e-schal-ship.     The  office  of  a  seneschal. 

se'-nile.     Imbecile.      Infancy-Age. 

se'-nior.  One  older;  a  superior.  Chief-Underling, 
Infancy-Age. 

seniores  priores  [L.]  (si-ni-o'-riz  pri-o'-riz) .  The  fore- 
most fathers.  Leading-Following,  Precedence- 
Succession. 

se"-ni-or'-i-ty.  Priority  of  age  or  rank.  Infancy- 
Age,  Novelty  Antiquity. 

M  non  e  vero,  e  ben  Irovaio  [It.]  (se  non  e  vfi'-ro,  £  ben 
tro-va'-to).  If  it  is  not  true,  it  is  well  feigned. 

Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

se-nor'.     Mister.     Title. 

sen-sa'-tion.  Feeling;  a  surprise.  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Emotion,  Feeling-Insensibility; 
sensation  drama,  Acting  ;  sensation  of  touch,  Ting- 
ling-Numbness. 

sen-sa'-tion-al.  Tending  to  cause  feeling.  Excita- 
tion, Force-Weakness. 

sense.  Good  judgment;  meaning.  Meaning-Jargon, 
Sagacity-Incapacity;  accept  in  a  particular  sense, 
Interpretation-Misinterpretation;  deep  sense, 
Emotion;  in  no  sense,  Name-Misnomer;  sense  of 
duty,  Duty-Dereliction. 

sense'-less.  Without  feeling  or  good  sense.  Adage- 
Nonsense,  Feeling-Insensibility,  Meaning-Jar- 
gon, Sagacity-Incapacity. 

sen'-ses.  The  five  senses;  soundness  of  mind.  Feel- 
ing-Insensibility, Mind-Imbecility,  Saneness- 
Lunacy. 

sen"-si-bil-i'-ty.  The  power  to  feel  or  know.  Materi- 
ality-Spirituality,   Sagacity-Incapacity. 

sen'-si-ble.  Capable  of  feeling.  Heating-Cooling, 
Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

sen'-si-ble-ness.     Feeling.    Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

sen'-si-bly.     With  feeling.     Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

sen'-si-tive.  Easily  affected.  Feeling-Insensibility, 
Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

sen'-si-tive-ness.  State  of  having  feeling.  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy, 


SENSITIVENESS— APATHY. 


Affectibility.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  capable  of  being  affected. 
Excitability,  etc.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  easily  excited.     See 

sub  Adjectives. 
Fastidiousness,  etc.    The  quality  of  being  easily  repelled  or  disgusted. 

See  Adjectives. 
Impressibility.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  impressible. 
Mobility.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  mobile. 
Moral,  sensibility.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  sensible  of  moral 

distinctions. 
Physical  sensibility,  etc.     State  or  quality  of  being  susceptible  to 

physical  influences.      See  Feeling. 
Sensibility.      The  capacity  of  receiving  impressions  from  external  ob- 
jects. 
Sensibleness.     Capability  of  being  acted  on  through  the  emotions  or 

feelings. 
Sensitiveness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  sensitive. 
Sentimentalism.     An  excessive  sentimental  spirit. 
Sentimentality.     Affectation  of  fine,  tender  feeling. 
Softness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  yielding  or  impressible.    See 

Adjectives. 
Susceptibility.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  susceptible. 


Apathy.     A  lack  of  emotion  or  feeling. 

Callousness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  callous. 

Cold.     Lack  of  warmth  or  feeling. 

Cold-blood.     Languid  condition  of  passions. 

Cold-fit.     An   attack  of   disease  producing  a  loss   of  sensation  or 

emotion. 
Cold-heart.     Want  of  sympathy. 
Coldness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  cold. 
Coma.     A  condition  of  profound  insensibility. 
Deadness.     The   condition  of  being  wholly  unaffected  by   outside 

influences. 
Dry  eyes.     Lack  of  sympathy. 
Dulness.     The  state  of  being  dull. 
Frigidity.     Coldness. 

Heart  of  stone.     A  heart  not  susceptible  to  sympathetic  influence. 
Hebetude.     Obtuseness;  dulness. 
Impassibility.     Insensibility  to  suffering  or  pain. 
Impassibleness.     Impassibility. 
Imperturbation,  etc.     Freedom  from   anxiety  or  excitement.     Sm 

Excitability. 
Inappetency.     Lack  of  natural  affection  or  desire. 


SENSITIVENESS. 


954 


SENSITIVENESS— APATHY. 


SENSITIVENESS— APATHY— Continued. 


Susceptibleness.  The  quality  of  being  brought  under  a  specified 
power  or  influence.     See  Adjectives. 

Susceptivity.     Susceptibility. 

Tenderness.  The  quality  of  being  sensitive  to  impressions.  See  Ad- 
jectives. 

Vivaciousness.  \ 


Vivacity. 


Fulness  of  life  and  spirit.     See  Adjectives. 

Sensitiveness — Nouns  of  Place. 

Sore  ooint*  i  ^  ^stressing  ana  painful  subject  of  discourse,  etc. 

Where  the  shoe  pinches.     A  sensitive  spot  or  subject. 

Sensitiveness — Verbs. 

Be  sensitive.    To  be  capable  of  being  acted  on  through  the  emotions. 
"Die  of  a  rose  in  aromatic  pain."   To  be  exceedingly  sensitive.   [Pope, 

Essay  on  Man,  i,  200.] 
Have  ajsensitive.  heart.  \ 

Have  a  tender  heart.      >To  be  easily  moved  to  pity. 
Have  a  warm  heart.      J 

Shrink.    To  decline  or  draw  back  on  account  of  fear  or  sensitiveness. 
Take  to  heart.     To  grieve  over  or  be  sensitive  about. 
Touch  to  the  quick.     To  stir  the  feelings  of,  deeply  or  harshly. 
Treasure  up  in  the  heart.     To  cherish  fondly  or  with  feeling. 

Sensitiveness — Adjectives. 
Alive  to.     Attentive;  open  to  impressions. 
Enthusiastic.     Having  the  feelings  or  sympathies  intensely  aroused 

in  approval. 
Excitable,  etc.     Capable  of  having  the  feelings  greatly  agitated;  very 

nervous.     See  Excitability. 
Expressive.     Give  forcible  expression  to  the  feelings. 
Fastidious,  etc.     Hard  to  please;  oversensitive. 
Gushing.     Weakly  sentimental. 
High-flying.     Extravagant  in  feelings  and  action. 
Impassionable .     Capable  of  being  strongly  affected  by  passion. 
Impressible.     Capable  of  being  affected  by  an  impression. 
Impressionable.     Susceptible  of  or  subject  to  impression. 
Lively.     Full  of  animation  or  feeling. 
Mettlesome.     High-spirited. 
Mobile.     Easy  or  slow  of  expression  of  feeling. 
Oversensitive.     Too  sensitive. 

Romantic.     Inspiring  imaginary  or  ideal  thoughts. 
Sensible.     Capable  of  sensation  or  emotion. 
Sensitive.     Easily  or  strongly  affected  by  outside  influences. 
Sentimental.     Given  to  or  inspiring  tender  or  extravagant  emotions. 
Soft.     Foolishly  sentimental  or  impressible. 
Soft-hearted.     Pitiful. 

Spirited.     Having  considerable  spirit  or  vivacity. 
Susceptible.     Capable  of  being  influenced. 
Susceptive.     That  receives  or  tends  to  receive  an  impression. 
Tender  as  a  chicken.     Very  tender. 
Tender-hearted.     Easily  moved  to  pity. 
Thin-skinned.     Very  easily  affected  or  impressed. 
Tremblingly  alive.     Sensible  to  even  the  slightest  influence. 
Vivacious.     Full  of  lively  spirit  and  feeling. 
Warm-hearted.     Sympathetic. 
Without  skin.     Very  sensitive. 

Sensitiveness — Adverbs,  etc. 
Sensibly.     Easily  affected. 
To  the  inmost  core .     Feelingly. 
To  the  quick.     To  one's  feelings. 

Sensitiveness — Phrase. 
Mens  cequa  in  arduis  [L.].     Equanimity  in  difficulties. 
on  portrait  at  Calcutta  of  Warren  Hastings.] 


[Inscription 


APATHY — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Callous.     Hardened  in  feeling. 

Careless.     Having  no  care  or  consideration. 

Case-hardened.     Made  insensible  to  external  influences.      See  Verbs. 

Chloroformed.     Under  the  influence  of  chloroform;  insensible.     See 

Verbs. 
Cold.     Lacking  feeling  or  sympathy. 
Cold  as  charity.     Very  unsympathetic. 
Cold  blooded.!  TT   ,    .. 
Cold  hearted,  f  Unfeeling. 

Comatose.      Relating  to  or  affected  with  coma. 

Dead  to.      Not  affected  by;  indifferent  to. 

Deaf  to.     Paying  no  heed  to. 

Disregarding      Paying  no  attention  to.     See  Verbs. 


Inertia.     Indisposition  to  motion  or  activity. 

Inertness.     Habitual  want  of  activity  or  inclination  to  move. 

Insensibility.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  insensible. 

Insensibleness.     Insensibility. 

Insouciance,  etc.    [F.|.     Indifference.     See  Unconcern. 

Lethargy.     Morbid  drowsiness. 

Lukewarmness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  lukewarm. 

Marble.     Lack  of  compassion. 

Moral  insensibility.     Incapability  to  distinguish  right  and  wrong 

Neutrality.     Indifference. 

Nonchalance.     Coolness;  indifference. 

Numbness,  etc.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  numb.  See  Feeling- 
Insensibility. 

Obstupef  action.     Stupefaction. 

Palsy.     Paralysis. 

Paralysis.     Loss  or  diminution  of  power  of  having  emotion. 

Phlegm.     Lack  of  interest. 

Quietism.     Calmness  or  tranquillity  of  mind. 

Recklessness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  rashly  indifferent. 

Sang  jroid  [F  ].     Coolness;  calmness  in  time  of  excitement. 

Sleep,  etc.  A  state  or  period  of  suspension  of  sensory  activity.  See 
Activity-Indolence. 

Stock  and  stone.     Insensibility. 

Stoicism.     A  real  or  pretended  indifference  to  feeling. 

Stupefaction.     The  act  of  stupefying  or  state  of  being  stupefied. 

Stupor.     Great  suspension  or  diminution  of  sensibility  or  feeling. 

Supineness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  supine. 

Suspended  animation.     Loss  of  feeling. 

Torpidity.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  torpid. 

Torpor.  A  state  of  inactivity  accompanied  by  partial  or  total  in- 
sensibility. 

Trance.  A  condition,  like  death,  in  which  there  is  total  suspension 
of  sensible  powers. 

Unconcern.     Want  of  sympathy  or  anxiety. 

Vegetation.     The  act  or  state  of  vegetating. 

Vis  inertite  [L.].     Inertness;  resistance  to  feeling. 

Apathy —  Verbs. 

Assify.     To  make  stupid  or  dull. 

Be  insensible.     To  be  without  feeling. 

Benumb.     Render  numb. 

Blunt.     Make  blunt. 

Brutalize.     To  make  brutal  and  unfeeling. 

Brutify.     To  make  like  a  brute;  to  render  senseless. 

Case-harden.     To  make  insusceptible  to  good  influences. 

Chloroform.     Put  under  influence  of  chloroform;   render  insensible. 

Deaden.     To  render  as  dead. 

Disregard.     Give  no  thought  or  attention  to. 

Feel  no  interest  in.     To  be  unaffected  by. 

Harden.     Render  hard  or  unfeeling. 

Harden  the  heart.     To  be  pitiless. 

Have  a  rhinoceros  hide.     To  be  totally  unimpressionable. 

Have  no  desire  for.  \  „    .  ,    ,. 

Have  no  interest  in.  I  To  have  no  feelin«  toward' 

Hebetate.     Render  obtuse;  stupefy. 

Inure.     Harden  by  use. 

Nil  admirari  [L.].     To  be  disturbed  by  nothing. 

Not  care.     To  pay  no  attention  to. 

Not  care  a  straw  for.     To  be  wholly  undisturbed  by.     See  Cohmh 

quence-Insignificance. 
Not  mind.     To  disregard. 
Not  to  be  affected  by.     To  be  insensible  to. 
Numb.     Benumb. 
Obtund.     To  blunt  or  deaden. 

Paralyze.     Destroy  or  impair  the  power  of  sensation. 
Render  callous,      1  , 
Render  insensible,  r 


'  To  make  insensible. 


Sear.     To  make  callous  or  hard. 

Set  at  naught,  etc.)  -..  ,    ,  c    ,.      c 

Show  insensibility,  f  D,sregard:  have  no  deling  for. 

Steel.     To  render  very  insensible  or  obdurate. 

Stun.     To  render  insensible  by  a  blow. 

Stupefy.     Deprive  of  sensibility. 

Take  no  interest  in.     To  be  unaffected  by. 

Turn  a  deaf  ear  to.     Disregard.     See  Heed-Disregard. 

Vegetate.     To  live  in  a  state  of  continual  insensibility. 

Apathy — Adjectives. 
Anaesthetic.     Producing  or  characterized  by  insensibility. 
Apathetic.     Characterized  by  apathy. 
Blind  to.     Wholly  indifferent  to. 

(Continued  on  Column  1.) 


SENSITIVENESS. 


955 


SENSUALITY— SUFFERING. 


APATHY — Adjectives — Continued 


Dull.     Not  quick  in  sensibility. 

Flat.     Lacking  keen  sensibility;   dull. 

Frigid.     Cold. 

Half-hearted.     Only  partially  interested;   lacking  spirit. 

Hard.     Unyielding;   unsympathetic. 

Hardened.     Rendered  insensible  to  outside  influences.     See  Verbs. 

Heartless.     Without  pity  or  feeling  for. 

Impassible.     Insensible  to  suffering. 

Impassive.     Unaffected  by  suffering;  not  exhibiting  emotion. 

Imperturbable.     Incapable  of  being  disturbed. 

Impervious.     Impenetrable  to  effect  or  feeling. 

Inattentive,  etc.     Not  giving  attention  to.     See  H  bed-Disregard. 

Indifferent.     Exhibiting  no  interest. 

Inert.     Characterized  by  inertness. 

Insensible.     Devoid  of  feeling,  emotion,  or  sympathy. 

Insouciant  [F.].     Indifferent;  careless. 

Insusceptible.     Incapable  of  being  influenced  or  moved. 

Inured.     Hardened.     See  Verbs. 

Languid.     Wanting  in  interest  or  spirit. 

Leucophlegmatic.  Relating  to  or  affected  with  a  dropsical  feeling  or 
condition. 

Lukewarm.     Not  enthusiastic;  indifferent. 

Maudlin.     Foolishly  affectionate. 

Mindless.     Unmindful;  careless. 

Neglectful,  etc.  Full  of  or  indicating  neglect.  See  Carefulness- 
Carelessness. 

Nonchalant  [F.].      Lacking  interest. 

Numb.  Destitute  wholly  or  partially  of  the  power  of  sensation  or 
feeling. 

Numbed.     Insensible  to.     See  Verbs. 

Obtuse.     Not  keen;  dull  in  feeling. 

Pachydermatous.     Thick-skinned. 

Palsy-stricken.     Having  lost  sensation. 

Passionless.     Lacking  passion  or  emotion. 

Phlegmatic.     Not  easily  roused  to  feeling. 

Pococurante.     Caring  little. 

Apathy— 


Proof  against.     Capable  of  resisting  successfully;  impervious  to. 

Regardless.     Exhibiting  no  regard;  neglectful. 

Sans  souci  [F.  j.     Without  care. 

Sleepy,  etc.      Drowsy;  lacking  spirit.     See  Activity-Indolencb 

Sluggish.     Slow  of  emotion  or  feeling. 

Soulless.     Without  soul;   lacking  human  feeling. 

Spiritless.     Lacking  spirit  or  liveliness  of  feeling. 

Steeled  against.     Having  no  feeling  toward.     See  Verbs. 

Stupefied.     Incapable  of  emotion.     See  Verbs. 

Supine.     Having  no  interest  or  care;  indolent. 

Tame.     Lacking  in  interest  or  animation. 

Thick-skinned.     Not  sensitive. 

Torpid.     Having  lost  partially  or  wholly  the  power  of  sensibility; 

sluggish. 
Unaffected.     Having  the  feelings  unmoved. 
Unambitious.     Lacking  ambition,  energy  or  spirit. 
Unanimated.     Not  roused;  lacking  spirit  and  life. 
Unblushing.     Having  no  sense  or  feeling  of  shame. 
Unconcerned.     Not  concerned  or  interested. 
Unconscious.     Passing  without  noticing. 
Unezcited.     Not  agitated  or  deeply  stirred  in  feeling. 
Unfeeling.     Not  conscious  of  the  feelings  of  others;  unsympathetic. 
Unfelt.     Not  exciting  feeling. 
Unimpressed.     Not  affected  by  an  impression. 

TT  !  '  .     c  That  cannot  have  an  impression  made  upon. 

Unimpressionable.  > 

Uninspired.     Without  emotions. 

Unmoved.     Not  aroused  to  compassion. 

Unruffled.     Not  agitated. 

Unshocked.     Not  having  the  emotions  deeply  stirred. 

Unstirred.     Not  aroused  or  agitated. 

Unstruck.     Not  suddenly  impressed. 

Unsusceptible.     Not  subject  to  or  liable  to  be  affected. 

Untouched.     Not  having  the  sympathies  or  feelings  aroused. 

Vegetative.     Living  in  a  state  of  habitual  indifference. 

Adverbs,  etc. 


JEquo  animo  [L.].     With  unruffled  mind. 

In  cold  blood.     In  a  heartless,  brutal  manner. 

Insensibly,  etc.     Without  feeling. 

With  dry  eyes.     Without  any  sympathy  or  feeling. 


It  cannot  be  helped. 

It  is  all  one  to. 

It  is  all  the  same  to. 


Without  being  impressed.  | 
Without  being  moved.        >  Insensibly. 
Without  being  touched,     J 

With  withers  unwrung.     Unsympathetically.      [Shakespeare.  Ham- 
let, III,  ii.] 


Apathy — Phrases. 


It  is  of  no  consequence. 

Never  mind. 

Nothing  coming  amiss. 


sen'-sor.     Producing  sensation.     Emotion. 
sen-so'-ri-al.     Pertaining  to  the  senses.     Emotion. 
sen-so'-ri-um.  The  nervous  system.   Mind-Imbecility. 
sen'-so-ry.     Conveying    sensation.     Emotion,     Mind- 
Imbecility. 
sen'-su-al.   Licentious.  Moderation-Selfindulgence, 


Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Sensuality-Suf- 
fering. 

sen'-su-al-ist.  A  sensual  person.  Moderation-Volup- 
tuary. 

sen"-su-al'-i-ty.  Carnality.  Moderation-Selfindul- 
gence. 


SENSUALITY— SUFFERING. 


Animal  gratification.  \  ,-,  . 

Bodily  enjoyment.      I  Sensual  enJ°y«nt. 

Comfort.     Ease  or  rest  of  body. 

Creature  comforts.     Enjoyments  which  satisfy  the  base  nature  of 

man 
Ease.     Relief  from  labor  or  effort;  relaxation. 
Gusto.     Keen  enjoyment. 

Happiness,  etc.     Joyful  satisfaction,  etc.     See  Pleasure. 
Luxuriousness.     State  of  living  in  luxury. 
Physical  pleasure.     Sensual  pleasure. 

Pleasure.     Agreeable  sensations;  gratification  of  the  senses. 
Round  of  pleasure.     A  continued  course  of  enjoyment. 
Sensuality.     The  state  of  being  sensual;    free  enjoyment  of  sensual 

or  carnal  pleasures. 
Sensual  pleasure.    \  n.  .  , 

Sensuous  pleasure.  \  Pleasures  of  sense  and  appetite. 
Titillation.     A  tickling  sensation  or  any  pleasurable  sensation. 
Sensuality — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Bed  of  down. I  Figuratively,  anything  that  affords  ease,  enjoyment. 
Bed  of  roses.  >       and  pleasure. 
Bonne  bouche  [F.].     A  sweet  morsel. 


Ache.     Continued  pain. 

Aching.     A  continuous  pain. 

Agony.  Pain  so  extreme  as  to  cause  writhings  or  contortions  of  the 
body. 

Anguish.     Extreme  pain  of  body  or  mind. 

Bodily  pain.  Physical  suffering,  in  distinction  from  mental  suffer- 
ing. 

Burning  pain.     A  pain  producing  a  sensation  of  a  burn. 

Discomfort.     Lack  of  comfort;  uneasiness. 

Dolor.  .Pain;  distress. 

Gnawing  pain.     A  pain  producing  the  sensation  as  of  a  biting. 

Malaise  [F.|.     Uneasiness. 

Mental  suffering,  etc.  Suffering  of  the  mind.  See  Pleasurk- 
Pain. 

Pain.     Any  uneasy  sensation  of  the  body;  bodily  suffering. 

Physical  pain.         )  „    ... 

Physical  suffering,  f  Bod.ly  pain. 

Piercing  pain.     The  sensation  as  of  pricking  with  a  needle. 

Sharp  pain.     Extreme  pain. 

Shooting  pain.  Sensation  as  of  something  darting  from  place  to 
place. 

Soreness.     Painfulness. 


SENSUALITY. 


956 


SENSUALITY— SUFFERING. 


SENSUALITY— SUFFER!  XG— Continued. 


SENSUALITY— Nouns  of  Cause— Continued. 

Clover.     Pleasant  circumstances. 

Cup  of  Circe,  etc.     The  enchanting  cup,   etc.     See  Modbration- 

Selfindulgence. 
Dainty,  etc.     An  exquisite  article  of  cookery,  etc.     See  Palatablb- 

nbss. 
Dilice  [P.J     A  delicacy. 
Dissipation.     An  extravagant  course  of  life. 
Feast.     A  banquet. 

Lap  of  luxury.     Figuratively,  a  condition  of  enjoyment  and  plenty. 
Luxury.     Something  which  pleases  the  senses  and  is  expensive  or 

rare. 
Melody.     A  sweet  succession  of  sounds. 
Piilow,  etc.    Anything  used  to  support  the  head  of  one  when  sleeping, 

usually  a  case  filled  with  feathers  or  down,  etc.     See  Suspension- 
Support. 
Purple  and  fine  linen.     Dress  that  is  emblematic  of  royalty. 
Refreshment.     That  which  refreshes;  an  article  of  food  or  drink. 
Regale.     A  banquet. 
Source  of  pleasure,  etc.     Anything  that   affords  enjoyment.     See 

Pleasurableness. 
Treat.     An  entertainment  given  as  an  expression  of  regard. 
Velvet.     A  silk  fabric  with  a  short,  close  nap  of  erect  threads;  hence, 

anything  affording  ease  and  comfort. 

Sensuality — Verbs. 

Bosk  in.     To  lie  in  the  warmth  of. 

Bask  in  the  sunshine.     To  enjoy  oneself. 

Enjoy.     To  be  delighted  with. 

Experience  pleasure.     To  enjoy  oneself.     See  Nouns. 

Faire  ses  choux  gras  [F.].     To  delight  in. 

Feast  on.     To  eat  sumptuously  of. 

Feel  pleasure.     To  enjoy  oneself.     See  Nouns. 

Give  pleasure,  etc.     To  delight.     See  Pleasurableness. 

Gloat  on.    1  -  ...  .     ,    . 

Gloat  over  S        gaze  on  passionate  desire. 

Live  in  comfort.     To  enjoy  oneself.    See  Nouns. 
Live  on  the  fat  of  the  land.     To  live  in  luxury. 
Luxuriate  in.     To  freely  indulge  in. 

Receive  pleasure.     To  derive  enjoyment  from.     See  Nouns. 
Relish.     To  receive  pleasure  from. 
Revel  in.     To  indulge  without  restraint. 

Riot  in.     To  indulge  in  luxury,  feasting,  and  the  like  to  excess. 
Smack  the  lips.     To  make  a  noise  with  the  lips  after  tasting,  signi- 
fying enjoyment. 
Swim  in.     To  excessively  indulge  in. 
Wallow  in.     To  indulge  in  in  a  beastly  manner. 

Se  ns  ua  l  i  t  y — Adjectives . 

Agreeable,  etc.     Pleasant  to  the  senses,  etc.     See  Pleasurableness. 
At  ease.     Comfortable. 
Comfortable.     Affording  comfort. 
Comforting.     Enjoying.     See  Nouns. 
Cordial.     Tending  to  revive  or  invigorate. 

Co2v*  1  C°mfortabIe;  easy. 

Enjoying.     Delighting  in      See  Verbs. 

Fragrant,  etc.     Having  a  sweet  smell,  etc.     See  Perfume. 

Genial.     Contributing  to  the  enjoyment  of  life. 

Grateful.     Giving  pleasure  to  the  senses. 

In  comfort.     At  ease. 

Lovely,  etc.     Delightful,  etc.     See  Beauty. 

Luxurious.     Relating  to  luxury;  voluptuous. 

Melodious,  etc.  Pleasant  to  the  senses  by  a  sweet  succession  of 
sounds,  etc. 

Palatable,  etc.     Pleasant  to  the  taste,  etc.     See  Palatableness. 

Refreshing.     Reanimating. 

Sensual.     Given  to  the  pleasures  of  sense  and  appetite. 

Sensuous.     Pertaining  to  the  senses. 

Snug.     Convenient  or  comfortable. 

Sweet,  etc.  Having  a  pleasant  taste;  agreeable  to  the  senses,  etc. 
See  Sweetness. 

Voluptuous.  Given  to  the  enjoyment  of  luxury  and  pleasure;  exces- 
sively indulgent  in  sensual  gratifications. 

Sensuality — Adi*rbst  etc. 

At  one's  ease.     In  enjoyment. 

In  comfort.     Comfortably.     See  Nouns. 

On  a  bed  of  roses.     In  ease  and  luxury.     See  Nouns. 


Sufferance.     The  bearing  of  pain. 

Suffering.     Pain  endured  or  injury  incurred. 

Throbbing  pain.     A  sensation  as  of  something  beating  in  the  body. 

Throe.     Extreme  pain. 

Suffering — Denotations. 

Ache.     Continued  pain. 

Convulsion.  An  unnatural,  violent,  and  involuntary  contraction  of 
the  muscular  parts  of  the  body. 

Cramp.  A  spasmodic  and  painful  involuntary  contraction  of  a 
muscle. 

Crick.  A  painful  spasmodic  affection  of  a  muscle  rendering  it  diffi- 
cult to  move  the  part. 

Cut.     A  wound  made  by  cutting. 

Ephialtes.     The  nightmare. 

Gripe.     Pinching  and  spasmodic  pain  in  the  intestines. 

Headache.     Pain  in  the  head. 

Hurt.     A  bodily  injury  causing  pain. 

Martyr.     One  who  is  put  to  death  for  his  religion. 

Nightmare.  A  condition  in  sleep  characterized  by  frightful  and 
oppressive  dreams. 

Pang.     A  fit  of  extreme  pain  and  anguish. 

Shoot.     A  sudden  fit  of  pain. 

Smart  sore.     A  painful  sore. 

Sore.     A  rupture  of  the  skin  and  flesh. 

Spasm.     An  involuntary  contraction  of  the  muscles. 

Stitch.     An  acute  pain  like  the  piercing  of  a  needle. 

Thrill.     A  sensation  as  of  being  pierced  with  something  sharp. 

Throb.     A  violent  beating.     See  Agitation. 

Twinge.     A  darting  local  pain  of  momentary  continuance. 

Twitch.     A  short  sharp  contraction  of  the  muscles. 

Toad  under  a  harrow.     Figuratively,  a  sensation  as  of  being  crushed. 

Suffering — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Cruciation.     The  act  of  torturing. 

Crucifixion.     The  act  of  nailing  a  person  to  a  cross  to  put  him  to 

death. 
Martyrdom.     The  suffering  of  death  on  account  of  adherence  to  the 

Christian  faith. 
Rack.     An  engine  of  torture. 
Torment.     That  which  gives  pain  or  misery. 
Torture.     The  act  of  torturing  or  producing  pain. 
Vivisection.     The  dissection  of  an  animal  while  alive. 

Suffering — Verbs. 

Ache.     To  be  in  continued  pain. 

Agonize.     To  suffer  violent  pain  or  anguish. 

Bite.     To  cause  sharp,  cutting  pain. 

Bleed.     To  die  by  violence. 

Break  on  the  wheel.     To  suffer  excruciating  pain. 

Chafe.     To  be  irritated  or  vexed. 

Convulse.     To  shake  with  irregular  spasms  in  grief  or  pain. 

Cruciate.     To  torment. 

Crucify.     To  fasten  to  a  cross  in  order  to  put  to  death. 

Excruciate.     To  oause  to  suffer  agonizing  pain. 

Experience  pain.JTosuffer      ^  ^ 

Flog,  etc.     To  inflict  punishment  by  means  of  a  rod  or  whip,  etc 

See  Recompense-Punition. 
Fret.     To  irritate  or  be  agitated. 
Gall.     To  vex  or  chafe. 

Give  pain.     To  cause  to  suffer.     See  Nouns. 
Gnaw.     To  corrode  or  fret  away. 
Grate.     To  irritate. 
Grate  on  the  ear,  etc.     To  give  pain  to  the  ear  by  harsh  sounds.     Se« 

Cacophony. 
Gripe.     To  distress  or  pinch. 
Hurt.     To  do  bodily  injury  to. 
Inflict  pain.     To  cause  suffering  to. 
Lancinate.     To  tear  or  lacerate. 
Make  a  wry  face.     Show  signs  of  pain. 
Pain.     To  afflict  with  uneasy  sensations;  to  distress. 
Pierce.     To  penetrate,  as  with  a  sharp  instrument;  to  affect  deeply. 
Pinch.     To  oppress  or  distress. 
Prick.     To  puncture,  as  with  a  pin;  to  sting. 
Put  to  the  rack.     To  torture  with  the  rack.     See  Nouns. 
Rack.     To  afflict  with  great  pain. 
Shoot.     To  throb  with  pain. 

Sit  on  pins  and  needles.)  ™    ,     .  .  t  .       ... 

Sit  on  thorns.  }  To  be  in  a  very  painful  position. 

Smart.     To  feel  a  pricking  pain. 
Sting.     To  pain  sharply. 


SENSUALITY. 


957 


SERIEUX. 


Suffer.     To  feel  pain:  to  undergo  punishment. 
Suffer  pain.     To  feel  pain.     See  Nouns. 
Tingle.     To  have  a  quick  thrilling  pain. 
Torment.     To  afflict:  to  harass. 
Torture.     To  vex:  to  put  on  the  rack. 
Tweak.     To  twitch. 


Aching.     Paining  continually      See  Verbs. 

In  a  state  of  pain.     Suffering. 

In  pain.     Suffering.     See  Nouns. 

Pained.     Hurt  physically  or  mentally.     See  Verbs. 


SUFFERING—  Verbs— Continued. 

Twinge.     To  affect  with  a  darting  local  pain. 
Twitch.     To  snatch  or  pluck  with  a  quick  motion* 
Undergo  pain.     To  suffer.     See  Nouns 
Wince.     To  shrink,  as  from  pain. 
Wring.     To  distress  or  torment. 
Writhe.     To  twist  or  distort. 

Surr  bring — Adjectives. 

Painful.     Causing  physical  uneasiness  or  distress. 
Raw.      Deprived  of  skin;  galled. 
Sore.     Inflamed-,  painful. 


sen'-su-ous.  Affecting  the  senses.  Emotion,  Feel- 
ing-Insensibility, Sensuality-Suffering. 

sen'-tence.  A  statement;  final  judgment.  Adage- 
Nonsense,  Assertion-Denial,  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment,  Exculpation-Conviction,  Phrase,  Rhet- 
oric. 

sen-ten'-tious.  Pithy.  Force -Weakness,  Simplic- 
ity-Floridness. 

sen-ten'-tious-ness.  Pithiness.  Force-Weakness, 
Rhetoric. 

sen'-ti-ent.  Having  the  power  of  sense.  Emotion, 
Feeling-Insensibility. 

sen'-ti-ment.  Delicate  feeling;  opinion.  Adage-Non- 
sense, Conception-Theme,  Faith-Misgiving. 

sen"-ti-men'-tal.  Emotional;  affected  Onlooker, 
Sensitiveness-Apathy,  Society-Affectation. 

sen"-ti-men'-tal-ism.  Too  great  regard  for  sentiment. 
Sensitiveness- Apathy. 

sen"-ti-men-tal'-i-ty.  Too  great  regard  for  sentiment. 
Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

sen'-ti-nel.  1  A    guard.      Guard-Prisoner,   Security- 

sen'-try.      /      Insecurity,  Warning. 

sep'-a-rate.  To  part;  scatter.  Differentiation- 
Indiscrimination,  Doubling-Halving,  Inclusion- 
Omission,  Interspace-Contact,  Matrimony-Di- 
vorce, Union  -  Disunion;  separate  into  elements, 
Composition-Resolution;  separate  maintenance, 
Matrimony-Divorce;  separate  the  chaff  from  the 
wheat,  Choice-Neutrality,  Differentiation-In- 
discrimination. 

sep'-a-rate-ly.  In  a  separate  manner.  Union-Dis- 
union. 

sep'-a-rate-ness.  State  of  being  separate.  Union-Dis- 
union. 

sep"-a-ra'-tion.  Division.  Concentration  -  Radia- 
tion, Inclusion-Omission,  Matrimony-Divorce, 
Union-Disunion. 

sep'-a-ra-tist.  A  dissenter.  Orthodoxy-Hetero- 
doxy 

se'-pi-a.     A  pigment.     Gray-Brown. 

se"-po-si'-tion.  The  act  of  setting  aside.  Inclusion- 
Omission,  Union-Disunion. 

se'-poy.     A  native  East-Indian  soldier.     Belligerent. 

sept.  A  clan.  Division,  Parentage- Progeny,  Re- 
lationship. 

sep-ten'-tri-on-al.  Northern.  Laterality-Contra- 
position. 

sep-tet'.     A  group  of  seven  singers.     Music. 

sep'-tic.     Putrid.      Healthiness-Unhealthiness. 

sep-tic'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  putrid.  Health- 
Sickness. 

Sep'-tu-a-gint.  The  Greek  translation  of  the  Hebrew 
of  the  Old  Testament  made  by  seventy  select  transla- 
tors.    Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

sep'-tum.    A  partition.     Environment-Interposition. 

sep'-ul-cher.  A  tomb.  Life-Funeral;  whited  sep- 
ulcher,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

sep-ul'-chral.  Dismal;  hollow  in  sound.  Cacophony, 
Life-Funeral,  Resonance-Nonresonance,  Vo- 
calization-Muteness. 


sep'-ul-ture.     Burial.     Life-Funeral. 

se-qua'-cious.  Following.  Hardness-Softness, 
Precedence-Succession,  Toughness-Brittle  iess. 

se-quac'-i-ty.  Pliancy.  Hardness-Softness,  Tough- 
ness-Brittleness. 

se'-quel.  A  concluding  portion.  Antecedence-Se- 
quence, Increment-Remnant,  Predecessor-Con- 
tinuation. 

se-que'-la.  A  morbid  condition.  Increment-Rem- 
nant. 

se'-quence.  The  act  of  following,  Antecedence- 
Sequence,  Leading-Following,  Precedence-Suc- 
cession; logical  sequence,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

se'-quent.     Succeeding.     Increment-Remnant. 

sequentia,  et  [L.]  (sec-wen'-shi-a,  et).  And  the  things 
following.     Precedence-Succession. 

se-ques'-ter.  To  take  away  from ;  seclude.  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy, Recompense-Penalty,  Taking- 
Restitution. 

se-ques'-tered.     Secluded.    Sociability-Privacy. 

se-ques'-trate.  To  seize.  Exculpation-Conviction, 
Recompense-Penalty,  Taking-Restitution. 

seq"-ues-tra'-tion.     Seizure.     Recompense-Penalty. 

se"-rac'.     A  block  of  ice.     Heat-Cold. 

se-ra'-glio.     A  harem.     Purity-Impurity. 

ser'-aph.  An  angel.  Angel-Satan,  Good  Man-Bad 
Man. 

ser-aph'-ic.  Angelic.  Angel-Satan,  Godliness-Un- 
godliness, Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness,  Vir- 
tue-Vice. 

ser'-a-phim.     Angels.     Angel-Satan. 

ser"-a-phi'-na.  A  musical  instrument.  Musical 
Instruments. 

ser-as'-kier.  A  Turkish  official.  Chief -Under- 
ling. 

sere  and  yellow  leaf .  Infancy-Age,  Sear.  [Shake- 
speare, Macbeth,  V,  i.] 

se-rein'.     A  mist.     Dampness-Dryness. 

ser"-e-nade'.  A  song:  compliment.  Blandishment, 
Music,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

se-rene'.  Clear;  calm  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment,  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness,  Excitabil- 
ity-Inexcit  ability;   serene  h  ghness,  Title. 

se-ren'-i-ty.        Calmness.        Contentedness-Discon- 

TENTMENT,  ExCITABILITY-InEXCITABILITY. 

serf.  A  peasant.  Chief  Underling,  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

serf'-dom.     Slavery.     Liberty-Subjection. 

ser'-geant.     A  military  officer.     Chief-Underling. 

se'-ri-al.  Continued;  a  continued  story.  Continuity- 
Interruption,  Missive-Publication,  Periodicity- 
Irregularity. 

se"-ri-a'-tim.  One  after  another;  slowly.  Continu- 
ity-Interruption, Regularity -Irregularity, 
Swiftness-Slowness,  Unviersality-Particular- 
ity. 

se'-ri-es.  A  regular  order.  Continuity-Interrup- 
tion. Number,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

strieux,  take  an  (o  se-riuO.  To  take  seriously  Wit- 
tiness-Dulness. 


SERIO-COMIC. 


958 


SET. 


§e"-rt-o-com'-ic.     Combined  mirth  and  gravity.     So- 

CIETY-LUDICROUSNESS. 

se'-ri-ous.     Important;   grave.      Consequence-Insig- 
nificance,    Determination-Vacillation,    Light- 
heartedness-Dejection,  Magnitude-Smallness. 
se'-ri-ous-ly.     Earnestly.     Assertion-Denial,  Deter- 
mination-Vacillation, Magnitude-Smallness. 
se'-ri-ous-ness.       Earnestness.       Consequence-Insig- 
nificance. 
sens,  tibi  metis,  tibi    [L.]  (tib'-i  si'-ris,  tib'-i   mi'-tis). 
For  yourself  you  sow,  for  yourself  you  reap.      Gath- 
ering-Scattering, Recompense-Punition. 
ser'-jeant.     A     lawyer.     Common     serjeant,     Judge; 

Serjeant  at  law,  Advocate. 
ser'-mon.     A  religious  discourse.      Ceremonial,  Edu- 
cation-Misteaching,    Essay,    Speech- Inarticu- 
latness;  funeral  sermon,  Life- Funeral. 
ser'-mon-ize.        Preach.        Ceremonial,   Education- 

Misteaching,  Speech-Inarticulateness. 
ser'-mon-i"-zer.     A  tedious  adviser.     Talkativeness- 
Taciturnity. 
se-roon'.     A  fruit-crate.     Gathering-Scattering. 
se-ros'-i-ty.     The  condition  of  being  watery.     Liquid- 
Gas,  Water-Air. 
se'-rous.     Pertaining  to  serum.     Liquid-Gas. 
ser'-pent.     A  snake;    winding;    wise;    a  deceiver;    an" 
evil  one.     Benefactor-Evildoer,  Circle-Winding, 
Fauna-Flora,    Good    Man-Bad    Man,    Gull-De- 
ceiver, Musical  Instruments,  Resonance-Sibila- 
tion.     Uprightness -Rogue;     great     sea-serpent, 
Fancy;  the  old  serpent,  Angel-Satan. 
ser-pen'-ti-form.     Snake-like.     Circle-Winding. 
ser'-pen-tine.     Winding.     Circle-Winding. 
ser'-ra"-ted.      Notched  like  a  saw.      Angularity,  In- 
dentation. 
ser'-ried.     Crowded.     Gathering-Scattering,  Solid- 
ity-Rarity. 
se'-rum.    Watery  fluid.     Liquid-Gas,  Water-Air. 
serus  in   ccelum   redeas  [L.]  (si'-rus   in    ci'-lum   red'-l- 
as).     Late  return  thou  to  the  skies.     Love-Hate, 
Politeness-Impoliteness. 
serv -ant.     A  helper.     Agent,  Antagonist-Assistant, 
Chief-Underling,  Consignee;   servant  of  all  work, 
Agent,  Chief  Underling. 
serve.     To   wait   upon;    be  a  soldier;    assist;    obey. 
Action-Passiveness,  Chief-Underling,  Fighting- 
Conciliation,    Insubordination-Obedience,    Lib- 
erty -Subiection,     Obstruction -Help,    Occupa- 
tion, Usefulness-Uselessness;    serve  an  appren- 
ticeship,   Education-Misteaching,    Preparation- 
Nonpreparation;    serve  as  a  substitute,  Commuta- 
tion-Permutation;   serve  faithfully,  Insubordina- 
tion-Obedience;    serve    one    right,    Recompense- 
Punition,    Reprisal-Resistance,    Right-Wrong; 
serve  one's  turn,  Usefulness-Uselessness;    serve 
out,    Recompense-Punition;     serve    with    a    writ, 
Litigation 
serv'-ice.     Use;     warfare;     slavery;    worship.     Cere- 
monial, Fighting-Conciliation,  Good-Evil,  Lib- 
erty-Subjection,  Occupation,  Use-Disuse,  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness, Worship-Idolatry;  at  one's 
service,   Proffer-Refusal;   press  into  the    service, 
Use-Disuse;     render    a    service,    Charitableness- 
Malevolence,    Obstruction -Help,   Usefulness- 
Uselessness. 
servMce-a-ble.     Useful.    Goodness-Badness,  Useful- 

NESS-USELESSNE    S. 

servMle.  Abject.  Adulation-Flattery,  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness. Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

•er-vil'-i-ty.  Abject;  nattering.  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement, Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

serv'-i-tor.     An  attendant.     Chief-Underling. 

8erv'-i-tor-ship.  The  office  of  a  servitor.  Liberty-Sub- 
jection. 


serv'-i-tude.     Slavery.      Liberty -Subjection;    penal 

servitude,  Recompense-Punition. 
ses'-a-me,  open.     A  charm  which  opened  the  door  of 
the  robbers'  cave  in  the  Arabian  Nights.    Aperture- 
Closure,  Devotion-Charm,  Sign. 
ses'-qui.     One-half  more.     Solitude-Company. 
ses'-qui-ped"-al.     A  foot  and  a  half  long.     Simplicity- 

Floridness. 
ses"-qui-ped-a'-li-an.       Very  long.        Length-Short- 
ness, Simplicity-Floridness. 
sesquipedalia  verba    [L.]  (ses"-qui-ped-e'-li-a   ver'-ba). 
Words  a  foot  and  a  half  long.     Simplicity-Florid- 
ness. 
sess.     A  tax.     Price-Discount. 

ses'-sile.     Attached  by  the   base.     Cohesion-Loose- 
ness. 
ses'-sion.     A  sitting.     Council. 

ses'-sions.    The  sitting  of  a  certain  court.    Tribunal. 
ses-ter'-ti-um.     Roman  money.     Values. 
ses-ter'-ti-us.     Roman  coin.     Values. 
set.     Union;  group;  to  sharpen;  fixed;  placed;  ready. 
Aim-Aberration,   Ascent-Descent,   Association, 
Cohesion-Looseness,     Condition-Situation,     Di- 
vision, Establishment-Removal,  Gathering-Scat- 
tering,   Habit-Desuetude,    Inclination,    Muta- 
bility-Stability,  Order,   Preparation-Nonprep- 
aration,  Sharpness-Bluntness,  Solidity-Rarity, 
Union-Disunion;  make  a  dead  set  at,  Attack-De- 
fense;   set    about,    Beginning-End,    Enterprise, 
Quest-Evasion;     set     abroach,     Beginning-End] 
Gathering-Scattering;  set  afloat,  Cause-Effect; 
set  against,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Coopera- 
tion-Opposition, Favorite -Anger,  Love-Hate, 
Variance-Accord;   set  against  one  another,  Com- 
parison; set  agoing,  Beginning-End,  Impetus-Re- 
action, Obstruction-Help,  Push-Pull;  set  an  ex- 
ample, Copy-Model,  Motive-Caprice,  Virtue-Vice; 
set  apart,  Choice-Rejection,  Inclusion-Omission, 
Provision-Waste,    Union-Disunion;    set   a   price, 
Price;  set  aside,  Assertion-Denial,  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Choice-Rejection,  Commission-Ab- 
rogation, Duty-Dereliction,  Establishment-Re- 
moval,     Heed-Disregard,      Inclusion-Omission, 
Keeping-Relinquishment,      Observance-Nonob- 
servance,   Proffer-Refusal,   Use-Disuse;  set  at 
ease,  Alleviation-Aggravation,  Contentedness- 
Discontentment;    set   at   hazard,    Security-Inse- 
curity; set  at  naught,  Antagonism-Concurrence. 
Choice-Rejection,  Defiance,  Duty-Dereliction, 
Observance-Nonobser  vance,        Overvaluation- 
Undervaluation,    Sensitiveness-Apathy;    set    a 
trap  for,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  set  at  rest,  Begin- 
ning-End,    Certainty-Doubt,     Completion-Non- 
completion,     Contract,     Decision-Misjudgment, 
Investigation-Answer;  set  before,  Choice-Rejec- 
tion, Enlightenment-Secrecy;    set  before  oneself, 
Purpose-Luck;  set  by,  Store;  set  by  the  ears,  Fa- 
vorite-Anger, Love-Hate;  set  foot  on,  Entrance- 
Exit;  set  forth,  Account,  Assertion-Denial,  Mani- 
festation-Latency; set  forward,  Arrival-Depar- 
ture, Enterprise;  set  free,  Liberty-Subjection, 
Release-Restraint,   Union-Disunion;   set  going, 
Impetus -Reaction,     Obstruction -Help,     Push- 
Pull;  set  in,  Beginning-End,  River-Wind;  set  in 
motion,  Movement-Rest,  Use-Disuse;  set  in  order, 
Organization-Disorganization;  set  in  towards,  Ap- 
proach-Withdrawal; set  no  store  by,  Overvalua- 
tion-Undervaluation, Regard-Scorn;  set  off,  Ar- 
rival-Departure. Beauty-Ugliness,  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Compensation,  Pomp,  Price-Dis- 
count; set  on,  Desire-Distaste,  Motive-Caprice; 
set  on  a  cast,  Purpose-Luck;  set  one's  affections  on, 
Love-Hate;  set  one's  back  up,  Selfrespect-Hum- 


SET. 


959 


SETTLEMENT— DEFAULT. 


Bleness;  set  one's  cap  at,  Blandishment,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Love-Hate;  s*t  one's  face  against,  An- 
tagonism-Concurrence, Approval-Disapproval, 
Proffer-Refusal;  set  one's  heart  upon,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Determination-Vacillation;  set  one's 
seal  to,  Evidence-Counterevidence;  set  one's  teeth, 
Determination-Vacillation  ;  set  one's  wits  to  work, 
Reflection-Vacancy;  set  on  fire,  Excitation, 
Heating-Cooling;  set  on  foot,  Beginning-End, 
Cause-Effect;  set  on  its  legs,  Changeableness- 
Stability;  set  on  one's  legs,  Obstruction-Help, 
Strength-Weakness;  set  out,  Arrival-Departure, 
Beauty-Ugliness,  Beginning-End,  Organization- 
Disorganization;  set  over,  Commission-Abroga- 
tion; set  phrase,  Phrase;  set  purpose,  Purpose- 
Luck;  set  right,  Education-Misteaching,  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy, Exposure-Hidingplace,  Justi- 
fication-Charge, Renovation-Relapse;  set  sail, 
Arrival-Departure;  set  store  by,  Importance-In- 
significance; set  straight,  Curvation-Rectiline- 
arity,  Fighting-Conciliation;  set  the  eyes  on, 
Sight-Blindness;  set  the  fashion,  Creation-De- 
struction, Dominance-Impotence,  Precedence- 
Succession,  Rule-License,  Society-Ludicrous- 
ness;  set  the  seal  on,  Completion-Noncompletion; 
set  the  table  in  a  roar,  Entertainment-Weariness; 
set-to,  Enterprise,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Strife- 
Peace;  set  to  music,  Musician;  set  too  high  a  value 
upon,  Overvaluation-Undervaluation;  set  to 
rights,  Organization-Disorganization  ;  set  to  work, 
Beginning-End,  Enterprise,  Order,  Use-Disuse; 
set  up,  Beginning-End,  Cause-Effect,  Creation- 
Destruction,  Elevation-Depression,  Erectness- 
Flatness,  Obstruction-Help,  Renovation-Re- 
lapse, Strength-Weakness,  Success-Failure, 
Welfare-Misfortune;  set  upon,  Attack-Defense, 
Desire-Distaste,  Purpose-Luck;  set  up  shop,  En- 
terprise; set  watch,  Carefulness -Carelessness. 


set  down.  To  record;  rebuke.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Mark-Obliteration,  Regard-Disrespect, 
Selfrespect-Humbleness;  give  one  a  set-down, 
Proof-Disproof;  set  down  as,  Faith-Misgiving;  set 
down  for,  Faith-Misgiving;  set  down  for  hearing, 
Litigation;  set  down  in  writing,  Mark-Oblitera- 
tion; set  down  to,  Rationale-Luck. 

se-ta'-ceous.    Bristly.    Smoothness-Roughness. 

se'-tose".     Bristly.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

se'-tous.     Bristly.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

sett.    A  lease.    Security,  Loan-Borrowing. 

set-tee'.  '  A  seat.     Suspension-Support. 

set'-ter.     A  hunting-dog.     Fauna-Flora. 

set'-tle.  To  put  in  order;  fix;  descend;  agree.  Ascent- 
Descent,  Choice-Rejection,  Consent,  Decision- 
mlsjudgment,  establishment-removal,  llfe- 
Killing,  Movement-Rest,  Mutability-Stability, 
Organization-Disorganization,  Settlement-De- 
fault, Success-Failure,  Suspension-Support,  Vo- 
lition-Obligation; settle  accounts,  Accounts,  Set- 
tlement-Default; settle  down,  Establishment- 
Removal,  Mutability-Stability,  Turbulence- 
Calmness;  settle  into,  Conversion;  settle  matters, 
Fighting-Conciliation;  settle  preliminaries,  Prep- 
aration-Nonpreparation;  settle  property,  Keep- 
ing-Relinquishment;  settle  the  question,  Proof- 
Disproof;  settle  to  sleep,  Activity-Indolence; 
settle  upon,  Giving-Receiving;  settle  with,  Settle- 
ment-Default. 

set'-tled.  Ended.  Beginning-End,  Mutability-Sta- 
bility; account  settled,  Accounts;  settled  opinion, 
Faith-Misgiving;  settled  purpose,  Purpose-Luck. v 

set'-tle-ment.  Newly  settled  country;  dirt;  an  agree- 
ment; property.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Consent, 
Contract,  Dweller-Habitation,  Establishment- 
Removal,  Property,  Security;  strict  settlement, 
Keeping-Relinquishment,  Property. 


SETTLEMENT— DEFAULT. 


Acknowledgment.  The  act  of  avowing  or  confessing  to  a  charge  or 
report. 

Acquittance.     Release  from  an  obligation  or  debt. 

Arrangement.     The  adjustment  of  a  contention,  etc. 

Clearance.  The  act  of  clearing  from  debt,  responsibility,  obligation, 
etc. 

Defrayment.     The  act  of  satisfying  with  payment. 

Discharge.     A  release  from  anything. 

Instalment.     A  limited  payment  of  money  at  different  times. 

Liquidation.     A  complete  payment  or  settlement. 

Money  paid.  Payment  or  part  payment  of  a  debt.  See  Out- 
lay. 

Pay.     Compensation  for  services  rendered. 

Payment.     The  act  of  paying;  the  compensation  itself. 

Quittance.     Discharge  as  from  a  debt,  etc. 

Ready  money.  Cash;  money  that  may  be  used  at  once.  Sea 
Money.  ■ 

Receipt.     An  acknowledgment  of  money  paid. 

Receipt  in  full  of  all  demands.  An  acknowledgment  satisfying  all  de- 
mands. 

Reckoning.  The  act  of  computing;  arrangement  of  accounts  for  set- 
tlement. 

Reimbursement.     Making  good  a  debt .  a  refunding. 

Release.     Discharge  from  obligation  or  responsibility. 

Remittance.      Transmission  of  money  in  payment  to  a  distance. 

Repayment.      A  paying  back  of  what  is  due. 

Retribution .     The  giving  of  what  is  due  for  good  or  evil. 

Satisfaction .     The  act  of  paying  off,  or  making  amends. 

Settlement.     The  act  of  settling,  of  liquidating  a  debt. 

Stake.     A  pledge. 

Voucher       A  document  which  vouches  the  truth  of  accounts. 

Settlement — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Liquidator.     One  who  settles  the  accounts  of  a  company  that  has 

failed.     See  Treasurer. 
Payer.     One  who  pays. 


Application  of  the  sponge.     Destruction  of  a  debt. 

Bankruptcy.     State  of  being  bankrupt  or  unable  to  pay  one's  debts. 

Defalcation.     An  embezzlement  of  money  held  in  trust. 

Default.     A  failure  or  neglect  in  some  duty  or  requirement . 

Dishonored  bills.     Notes  or  bills  of  exchange  on  which  payment  has 

been  refused  when  due  or  presented. 
Failure.     Suspension  of  payment. 
Fieri  facias.     A  legal  term    directing   an   execution    to   be   issued 

against  the  goods  of  a  debtor. 
Insolvency.     State  of  being  unable  to  pay  one's  debts  at  the  proper 

time. 
Insufficiency.     Want  of  enough  to  meet  one's  obligations.     See  Ex- 
cess-Lack. 
Non-payment.     Neglect  of  payment. 
Protest.     In  law,  the  necessary  proceedings  to  force  an  unwilling  in- 

dorser  to  make  good  dishonored  commercial  paper. 
Protested  bills.     Notes  or  bills  of  exchange  whose  payment  has  been 

refused. 
Repudiation.     Refusal  to  fulfil  an  obligation  or  a  contract. 
Run  upon  a  bank.     A  succession  of  pressing  demands  for  obligations 

due. 
Waste-paper  bonds.     Written  obligations  or  promises  to  pay  which 

are  worthless. 
Whitewashing.     A  freeing  from  debts. 


Defaul 


-Nouns  of  Agent. 


Bankrupt.  One  who  is  unable  to  make  payment  of  a  just  debt  when 
due  and  demanded  of  him. 

Defaulter.  One  who  fails  to  account  for  moneys  with  which  he  is  en- 
trusted. 

Insolvent  debtor.  A  debtor  whose  property  is  taken  to  be  divided 
among  his  creditors. 

Lame  duck.  On  the  stock  exchange  one  who  cannot  fulfil  his  con- 
tracts. 

Levanter.     An  absconder. 

Man  of  straw.     A  fraudulent  surety. 


SETTLEMENT. 


960 


SEW, 


SETTLEMENT— DEFAULT— Continued. 


Settlement—  Verbs. 


Account  with.     To  give  a  reckoning. 

Acknowledge .     To  admit  or  confess . 

Acquit  oneself  of.     To  free  or  clear  of. 

Balance  accounts  with.     To  adjust  accounts ;  settle. 

Be  even  with .     To  repay  in  full 

Be  quits  with.     To  make  mutual  settlement  of  demands. 

Cash.     To  dismiss  by  paying  up  in  full. 

Clear.     To  free  from  obligations. 

Clear  off  old  scores.     To  settle  old  accounts. 

Come  down  with  1  To  pay  money. 

Come  down  with  the  dust. > 

Defray.     To  make  payment ;  bear  the  expense  of. 

Discharge.     To  free  oneself  of. 

Disgorge.     To  make  give  forth,  discharge. 

Do  the  needful.     To  pay  up. 

Expend.     To  pay  out.     See  Outlay. 

Fork  out.     To  hand  over. 

Grease  the  palm.     To  bribe. 

Honor  a  bill.     To  acknowledge  and  pay  a  bill. 

Lay  down.     To  pay. 

Liquidate.     To  pay  off. 

Make  compensation.     To  pay,  as  for  damages  suffered. 

Hake  oayment.     To  pay 

Make  repayment.  To  pay  a  second  time;  to  pay  for  something  re- 
ceived. 

Pay.     To  satisfy  for  service  rendered  property  received,  etc. 

Pay  all  demands  in  full.     To  satisfy  all  claims  upon. 

Pay  at  sight.     To  pay  as  soon  as  an  obligation  is  incurred. 

Pay  down.     To  pay  what  has  been  promised. 

Pay  for  all.     To  pay  in  full. 

Pay  in  advance.     To  pay  before  an  obligation  is  incurred. 

Pay  in  full      To  satisfy  all  claims  against. 

Pay  one's  footing.     To  pay  the  amount  of  one's  obligation. 

Pay  one's  shot.  To  pay  for  what  one  has  received  in  service,  loan, 
etc. 

Pay  one's  way.     To  pav  for  one's  passage  from  place  to  place. 

Pay  on  the  nail.     I  ™   __„  n.  M„— 
n  *        ,  f  lo  pay  at  once. 

Pay  ready  money.) 

Pay  same  for  all.     To  deal  with  all  alike . 

Pay  the  costs.     To  pay  an  amount  fixed  by  court  for  damages  sus- 
tained etc 
Pay  the  piper.     To  bear  the  cost  expense,  or  trouble. 
Pay  up.     To  pay  one's  debts. 

Pay  up  old  debts.     To  pay  a  long-standing  obligation. 
Put  down.     To  pay. 

Quit.     To  release  or  discharge  from  an  obligation. 
Quit  scores.     To  settle  accounts;  pay  up. 
Reckon  with.     To  open  an  account  with. 
Redeem.     To  buy  back.  * 

Refund.     To  repay. 
Reimburse       To  make  payment  of  an  equivalent. 

!:£butJT°^back- 

Satisfy.     To  free  from  obligation. 

Satisfy  all  demands.     To  satisfy  all  claims  agaiust. 

Settle.     To  adjust  differences  or  accounts. 

Settle  accounts  with.     To  free  from  obligation. 

Settle  with. 

Shell  out.     To  pay. 

Square  accounts  with.     To  pay  in  full. 

Strike  a  balance.     To  find  out  the  difference  between  the  debit  and 

credit  sides  of  an  account. 
Tickle  the  palm.  To  bribe. 
Wipe  off  old  scores.     To  pay  long-standing  obligations. 


DEFAULT — Nouns  op  Agent — Continued, 

Stag.     One  who  bids  on  an  allotment  of  stocks,  not  intending  to  take 

the  shares  unless  he  can  sell  them  at  a  profit. 
Welsher.     A  sharper;  a  cheat. 

Default — Verbs. 

Apply  the  sponge.     To  efface,  as  a  debt. 

Become  bankrupt. |  To  be  unable  to  pay  one's  debts;  to  break  one's 
Become  insolvent.  /      bench. 

Be  gazetted.     To  be  announced  officially  as  a  debtor. 
Break.     To  make  bankrupt. 
Button  up  his  pockets.     To  decline  payment. 
Dishonor.     To  refuse  to  acknowledge,  as  a  bill,  debt, etc. 
Draw  the  purse-strings.     To  refuse  to  pay. 
Fail.     To  become  bankrupt. 

Fly  kites.     To  issue  fictitious  commercial  money. 
Get  whitewashed.     Get  freed  from  debt. 
Not  pay.     To  continue  in  debt.     See  Credit-Debt. 
Nullify.     To  make  null  or  void. 
Pay  over  the  left  shoulder.     To  default  payment. 
Pay  under  protest.     To  pay  after  notice  of  refusal  to  pay. 
Protest.     To  declare  publicly  against  the  justice,  equity,  or  right  of. 
Repudiate.     To  refuse  to  fulfil  a  contract  or  agreement. 
Run  up  bills.     To  run  into  debt. 
Stop  payment.     To  refuse  payment  on  a  note  or  bill. 
Swindle.     To  cheat;  to  get  money  by  fraud  or  trickery.     See  suV 
Theft. 

Default — Adjectives. 

Bankrupt.     Unable  to  pay  one's  debts. 

Beggared.     Reduced  to  a  beggar;  impoverished.     See  A*»lubncb 

Penury. 
Behindhand.     In  arrear. 
Gazetted.     Officially  announced  as  a  debtor. 
Gratis.     Freely.     See  Costliness-Cheapness. 
In  arrear       In  debt. 
In  debt.     Owing. 

Insolvent.     Unable  to  meet  the  claims  of  one's  creditors. 
In  the  gazette.     Publicly  announced  as  a  debtor. 
Minus.     Lacking 
Not  paying.       Defaulting 

Unable  to  make  both  ends  meet.     To  be  in  debt. 
Unpaid.     Owing.     See  Credit-Debt. 
Unremunerated.     Without  pay. 
Worse  than  nothing.     Worthless. 


SETTLEMENT—  Continued. 

Settlement — Adjectives. 

All  straight.     Paid  in  full. 

Never  indebted.     Never  going  in  debt. 

Out  of  debt.        ],,       t  ...     . 

„    .  ,.  .        X  tree  from  obligation. 

Owing  nothing.)  6 

Paid.     Free  from  claims  upon.     See  Verbs. 

Paying      Freeing  from  debt. 

Unowed.     Free  from  debt 

Settlement — Adverbs,  etc. 

Money  down       Paid  at  once. 

On  the  nail.     At  once 

To  the  tune  of.     To  the  amount  of. 


set'-tler.     One  who  settles.     Dweller-Habitation. 
'  set'-tlor.     Law  term.     Giving-Receiving. 

sev'-en.  A  number.  Five-Quinquesection;  in  seven- 
league  boots,  Swiftness-Slowness;  wake  the  seven 
sleepers,  Loudness-Faintness. 

sev'-enth.  Next  in  order  after  the  sixth.  Five-Quin- 
quesection. 

sev'-en-ty.     A  number.     Five-Quinquesection. 

sev'-er.     To  separate.     Union-Disunion. 

sev'-er-al.  A  few;  separate.  Multiplicity-Fewness, 
Plurality-Fraction,  Universality-Particular- 
ity; several  times,  Recurrence. 

sev'-er-al-ize.  To  distinguish.  Differentiation-In- 
discrimination. 


sev'-er-al-ly.  Individually.  Union-Disunion,  Uni 
versality-Particularity. 

sev'-er-al-ty.     Tenancy.     Union-Disunion. 

se-vere'.  Painful;  harsh;  critical;  grave.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Embellishment-Simplicity,  Harsh. 
ness-Mildness,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness, 
Proportion-Deformity,  Simplicity-Floridness 
Vigor  Inertia. 

se-vere'-ly.  In  a  severe  manner.  Harshness-Mild< 
ness,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

se-ver'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  severe.  Force- 
Weakness,  Harshness-Mildness,  Turbulence 
Calmness,  Vigor-Inertia. 

sew.     To  unite  with  a  thread.     Union-Disunion. 


SEWAGE. 


961 


SHANGHAI. 


Cleanness-Filthiness,  Nutri- 


Teetotalism-Intemperance. 
Cleanness-Filthiness,  Water- 


sow'-age.      Refuse. 

MENT-EXCRETION. 

sewed  up.     Drunk, 
sew'-er.        Drain. 

COURSE-AlRPIPE. 

sew'-er-age.     Servers.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

sew'-er-gas".     Gas  formed  in  sewers.     Remedy-Bane. 

sew'-ing-silk".     Silk  thread.      Lamina-Fiber. 

sex.  Difference  between  male  and  female;  woman. 
Division,  Male-Female;    fair  sex,  Male-Female. 

sex"-a-ge-na'-ri-an.  One  over  sixty  years  of  age.  In- 
fant-Veteran. 

sex-ag'-e-na-ry.     Pertaining  to  sixty.     Five-Quinque- 

SECTION. 

sex"-a-ges'-i-mal.  Founded  on  the  number  sixty.  Five- 

Ql'INQUESECTION. 

sex'-tant.  Astronomical  instrument.  Angularity, 
Astronomy,  Circle-Winding. 

sex'-ton.  Church-janitor.  Life-Funeral,  Ministry- 
Laity. 

sex'-tu-ple.     Sixfold.     Five-Quinquesection. 

sey'-id.     An  Arabian  chief.     Chief-Underling. 

shab'-bi-ness.  State  of  being  shabby.  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty. 

shab'-by.  Paltry;  torn;  trifling.  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Consequence-Insignificance,  Ex- 
travagance-Avarice, Reputation-Discredit,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

shab"-by-gen-teel'.  Affecting  gentility.  Taste-Vul- 
garity. 

shack'-le.  To  hamper;  to  bind.  Connective,  Ob- 
sxruction-Help,  Release-Prison,  Release-Re- 
straint. 

shade.  Degree;  shadow;  screen;  ghost.  Color-Achro- 
matism, Enlightenment -Secrecy,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace,  Jove-Fiend,  Life -Corpse,  Light- 
Darkness,  Luminary-Shade,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness,  Painting,  Quantity-Measure;  distribution  of 
shade,  Light-Darkness;  into  the  shade,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Reputation-Discredit;  shadow  of 
a  shade,  Dimness,  Magnitude-Smallness;  throw 
all  else  into  the  shade,  Consequence-Insignificance  ; 
throw  into  the  shade,  Enlightenment -Secrecy, 
Reputation-Discredit, Selfrespect-Humbleness, 
Transcursion- Shortcoming;  thrown  into  the 
shade,  Reputation-Discredit,  Supremacy-Subor- 
dinacy;  under  the  shade  of,  Security-Insecurity; 
without  a  shade  of  doubt,  Certainty-Doubt. 

shades.  Plural  of  shade.  Shades  below,  Heaven- 
Hell  ;  shades  of  death,  Life-Death  ;  shades  of  differ- 
ence, Variation;  shades  of  evening,  Dimness. 

ska' -ding.  Making  darker.  Light-Darkness;  shad- 
ing off,  Quantity-Measure. 

shad'-ow.  Shade;  dream;  type;  ghost;  slight  degree. 
Copy-Model,  Fancy,  Jove-Fiend,  Leading-Fol- 
lswing,  Light-Darkness,  Luminary-Shade,  Mag- 
nitude-Smallness, Solitude-Company,  Substance- 
Nullity,  Thickness-Thinness;  fight  with  a  shadow, 
Skill-Unskilfulness  ;  follow  as  a  shadow,  Leading- 
Following;  may  your  shadow  never  be  less,  Approv- 
al-Disapproval, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Re- 
gard-Disrespect; partial  shadow,  Dimness;  shad- 
ow forth,  Delineation -Caricature,  Dimness, 
Prophecy,  Trope  ;  shadow  of  coming  events,  Proph- 
ecy; take  the  shadow  for  the  substance,  Credulous- 
ness-Skepticism,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Truth-Er- 
ror; under  the  shadow  of  one's  wing,  Security-Inse- 
curity; without  a  shadow  of  turning,  Mutation- 
Permanence;  worn  to  a  shadow,  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Breadth-Narrowness. 

shad'-ow-y.  Obscure;  unreal.  Substance-Nullity, 
Visibility-Invisibility. 

shaft.     Weapon;    handle;    column;    tunnel.        Aper- 
ture-Closure, Deepness -Shallowness,   Instru- 
61 


ment,     Suspension-Support,     Watercourse-Air- 
pipe,  Weapon. 

shag.     A  rough  mass.     Smoothness- Roughness. 

shag'-ged.    Rough;  shaggy.   Smoothness-Roughness. 

shag'-gy.     Rough.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

sha-green'.     Skin  of  fishes.     Covering-Lining. 

shah.     Ruler.     Chief-Underling. 

shake.  To  totter;  to  trill;  to  weaken;  to  fear.  Agi- 
tation, Betterment- Deterioration,  Crash- 
Drumming,  Emotion,  Excitation,  Heat-Cold, 
Motive-Caprice,  Musician,  Mutability-Stability, 
Sanguineness-Timidity,  Strength-Weakness,  Vi- 
bration; shake  hands,  Amity-Hostility,  Fighting- 
Conciliation,  Pardon-Vindictiveness,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness; shake  off,  Admission-Expul- 
sion; shake  off  the  yoke,  Release -Restraint; 
shake  one's  faith,  Faith-Misgiving;  shake  one's 
sides,  Jubilation-Lamentation;  shake  the  head, 
Approval-Disapprov/l,  Assent-Dissent,  Asser- 
tion-Denial, Proffer-Refusal;  shake  to  pieces, 
Creation-Destruction;  shake  up,  Agitation. 

shake'-down".    Bed.     Suspension-Support. 

sha'-ken.  Past  participle  of  shake.  Strength-Weak- 
ness. 

shakes.  Importance.  No  great  shakes,  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Gen- 
tility-Commonalty. 

sha'-king.     Present  participle  of  shake.     Agitation. 

shak'-o.     Cap.     Attack-Defense,  Dress-Undress. 

shak'-y.  Weak;  fearful.  Sanguineness-Timidity,  Se- 
curity-Insecurity, Strength- Weakness. 

shale.     Kind  of  rock.     Geology. 

shal'-lop.     Boat.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

shal'-low.  Not  deep;  lacking  intelligence.  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Deepness-Shallowness, 
Knowledge  -  Ignorance,  Sagacity  -  Incapacity, 
Scholar-Dunce;  shallow  pretext,  Pretext;  shallow 
profundity,  Society-Affectation. 

shal'-low-brain".     Dunce.     Sage-Fool. 

shal'-low-ness.  Lock  of  depth.  Deepness-Shallow- 
ness, Sagacity-Incapacity. 

shal'-low-pa"-ted.  Having  no  depth  of  affections. 
Sagacity-Incapacity. 

shal'-lows.     Shoal.     Refuge-Pitfall. 

sham.  Deception.  Truthfulness  -  Fabrication, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Truthfulness-Fraud; 
sham  fight,  Strife-Peace. 

sha'-man.     Exorcist.     Devotion-Magician. 

sha'-man-ism.     Divination.     Devotion-Magic. 

sham'-ble.  Saunter.  Agitation,  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness. 

sham'-bles.     Slaughter-house.     Life-Killing. 

sham'-bltng.     Shuffling.     Agitation. 

shame.  Disgrace.  Approval-Disapproval,  Purity- 
Impurity,  Reputation-Discredit,  Right-Wrong; 
cry  shame  upon,  Approval-Disapproval;  false 
shame,  Society-Affectation;  for  shame,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit; sense  of  shame,  Love-Hate,  Repu- 
tation-Discredit; shame  the  devil,  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty;  to  one's  shame  be  it  spoken,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit. 

shame'-f  aced" .     Abashed.     Conceit-Diffidence. 

shame'-ful.  Scandalous.  Reputation  -  Discredit, 
Virtue-Vice. 

shame'-less.  Lacking  shame.  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness, Purity-Impurity,  Virtue-Vice. 

sham-poo'.  To  lather,  rub,  and  wash  thoroughly. 
Cleanliness-Filthiness. 

sham'-rock.  The  emblem  of  Ireland.  Patriotism- 
Treason,  Sign. 

shan'-dred-han.     An  Irish  cart.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

shang"-hai'.  To  induce  a  person  by  some  trick  to 
return  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  officer  who 
wishes  to  arrest  him.     Truthfulness-Deception. 


SHANK. 


962 


SHARPNESS— BLUNTNES* 


shank.    Shaft.    Instrument,  Suspension-Support. 

shank's  mare.     Afoot.     Traveling-Navigation. 

shan'-ty.     Hut.     Dweller-Habitation. 

shape.  Form;  aspect.  Appearance-Disappearance, 
Form-Formlessness;  shape  one's  course,  Action- 
Passiveness,  Aim-Aberration,  Conduct,  Quest- 
Evasion;  shape  out  a  course,  Design. 

shape'-less.  Not  well  formed.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Form-Formlessness.  Regularity-Irregularity. 

shape'-li-ness.  State  of  being  well  formed.  Propor- 
tion-Deformity. 

shape'-ly.  Well  formed.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Propor- 
tion-Deformity. 

share.  Portion;  to  take  part  in.  Assignment,  Par- 
ticipation, Whole-Part;  share  and  share  alike, 
Participation. 

share'-hold"-er.     Partner.     Participation. 

shar'-er.     One  who  holds  a  share.     Participation. 

shark.     Sharper.     Robber. 

sharp.  Not  blunt;  painful;  censorious;  sagacious; 
musical  note.  Activity-Indolence,  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Cacophony,  Craft-Artlessness,  Emo- 
tion, Feeling-Insensibility,  Melody-Dissonance, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Politeness-Impo- 


liteness, Pungency,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Sharp- 
ness-Bluntness,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness, Vigor-Inertia;  look  sharp,  Ac- 
tivity -  Indolence,  Carefulness  -Carelessness; 
sharp  appetite,  Desire-Distaste;  sharp  contest, 
Strife-Peace;  sharp  ear,  Hearing-Deafness;  sharp 
eve,  Sight-Blindness;  sharp  fellow,  Adept-Bun- 
gler, Carefulness  -  Carelessness;  sharp  frost, 
Heat-Cold;  sharp  lookout, Carefulness-Careless- 
ness, Expectation-Surprise;  sharp  pain,  Sensual- 
ity-Suffering; sharp  practise,  Craft-Artlessness, 
Harshness-Mildness,  Uprightness-Dishonesty; 
sharp  set,  Desire-Distaste. 

sharp'-en.  To  make  sharp.  Excitation,  Feeling- 
Insensibility,  Sharpness  -  Bluntness,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness, Vigor-Inertia;  sharpen  one's 
tools,  Preparation-Nonpreparation  ;  sharpen  one's 
wits,  Education-Misteaching. 

sharp'-en-er.  One  who  or  that  which  sharpens.  Sharp- 
ness-Bluntness. 

sharp'-er.     Scoundrel.     Robber. 

sharp'-ness.  The  state  of  being  sharp.  Cacophony, 
Pungency,  Sharpness-Bluntness,  Skill-Unskil- 

FULNESS. 


SHARPNESS-BLUNTNESS. 


Acuity.     Sharpness;  acuteness. 

Acumination.     The  state  or  quality  of  tapering  or  ending  in  a  point. 
Sharpness,  etc.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  sharp,  etc. 
Spinosity.     The  state  or  character  of  having  spines  or  thorns. 

Sharpness — Denotations. 

Adz.     A  carpenter's  tool  with  a  thin  arching  blade. 

Aiguille  [F.].     A  sharp  mountain  peak. 

Antler.     The  horn  of  a  stag. 

nrite  [F.].     An  abrupt  mountain  spur. 

Ajc.     A  sharp  tool  of  steel  for  cutting  wood. 

Berb.     The  point  that  stands  backward  in  an  arrow,  etc. 

Beard.     The  barb,  or  sharp  point  of  an  arrow. 

Bill.     A  beak  of  a  bird ;  a  weapon  of  war. 

Bill-hook.     A  knife  with  a  hooked  point  used  in  pruning. 

Bistoury.     A  slender  knife  used  in  surgery. 

Blade.     The  cutting  part  of  an  instrument. 

Bodkin,  etc.     An  instrument  of  steel,  for  making  holes,  etc.     See 

Perforator. 
Bramble.     Any  rough  prickly  shrub. 
Brier.     The  sharp  prickles  of  a  plant. 
Bristle.     A  short  stiff  hair. 
Chevaux  de  jrise  [¥.}.      A  piece  of  timber  filled  with  iron  spikes  to 

defend  a  passage. 
Cleaver.     A  butcher's  cutting  tool. 

Cog.     A  tooth  on  a  wheel  for  imparting  or  receiving  motion. 
Comb.     An  instrument  with  teeth  for  arranging  the  hair. 
Cone.     A  solid  body  with  a  circular  base  and  tapering  to  a  point. 
Colter.     A  knife  attached  to  the  beam  of  a  plow. 
Crag.     A  sharp-pointed  rock. 
Crest.     The  summit  of  a  hill  or  mountain  ridge. 
Cusp.     The  point  of  a  crescent  moon. 
Cutlery.     Edged  or  cutting  instruments. 
Cutter.     An  instrument  for  cutting. 
Cutting-edge.     An  edge  or  blade  for  cutting. 
Edge-tool.     A  tool  with  a  sharp  edge. 
Hatchet.     A  small  ax. 

Hedgehog.     A  small  animal  covered  with  sharp  spines. 
Horn.     A  hard  projecting  organ  growing  from  the  heads  of  certain 

animals. 
Knife.     A  small  tool  having  one  or  more  blades. 
Knife-edge.     A  blade. 

Lancet.     A  sharp-pointed  surgical  instrument. 
Mattock.     An  implement  for  digging. 
Needle.     A  sharp-pointed  steel  instrument. 
Nib.     The  point  of  a  pen. 
Paring-knife.     A  knife  for  paring  fruit. 
Peak.     The  top  of  a  mountain. 
Penknife.     A  small  pocket-knife. 
Pick.     An  instrument  for  digging. 
Pickax.     An  ax  with  a  point  at  one  end . 
Pike       A  long  shaft  with  a  pointed  steel  head. 
Pin.      A  small    pointed  pie***  of  brass  or  other  metal  for  holding 

clothes  together. 


Bluntness,  etc.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  blunt.     See  Adjectives. 
B  lu  ntn  ess —  Verbs. 

Be  blunt,  etc.     To  be  dull  or  without  a  point  or  edge.       See  Adjec* 

lives. 
Dull.     Render  less  sharp. 
Obtund.     To  render  blunt  or  dull. 
Render  blunt.     To  make  dull. 
Retund.     To  render  blunt  or  obtuse. 
Take  off  the  edge.     Render  an  edge  less  keen. 
Take  off  the  point.     To  deprive  of  sharpness. 
Turn.     To  blunt  by  turning  over  a  fine  edge  or  point. 

Bluntness — Adjectives. 

Bluff.     Abrupt;  broad  and  flat. 

Blunt.     Having  a  thick  edge  or  lacking  an  acute  point ;  not  sharp  Of 

piercing. 
Dull.     Not  sharp  or  keen ;  having  a  blunt  edge  or  point. 
Obtuse.     Blunt  or  rounded  at  the  extremity,  as  a  leaf. 


SHARPNESS—Denotations — Continued. 

Plowshare.     The  part  of  a  plow  which  cuts  the  earth. 

Point.     A  sharp  point  of  land. 

Porcupine.     An  animal  covered  with  long  sharp  quills. 

Prickie.)  A  sma11  sharp  Point* 

Pyramid.     A  solid  having  a  polygon  for  its  base  and  tapering  to  % 

point. 
Ratchet.     A  click  for  holding  a  ratchet-wheel. 
Razor.     A  keen-edged  knife  for  shaving  hair. 
Rowel.     A  small  wheel  of  a  spur. 
Scalpel.     A  small  surgical  knife. 
Scissors.     A  cutting  instrument  of  two  blades. 
Scythe.     An  instrument  for  mowing  grass. 
Shears.     A  large  scissors. 
Sickle.     A  reaping  instrument. 
Snag .     A  tooth  projecting  beyond  the  rest. 
Spiculum.     A  minute  granule,  or  point. 
Spike.     A  large  nail. 

Spine.     A  sharp  projection  on  any  part  of  an  animal. 
Spire.     A  tapering  body. 
Spit.     A  long,  slender,  pointed  rod. 
Spoke.     A  projecting  handle  on  a  steering-wheel. 
Spur.     An  implement  fastened  to  a  boot  for  urging  on  a  horse. 
Steeple.     Aspire. 
Sugar-loaf.     A  mass  of  sugar  in  the  shape  of  a  cone;    anything  to 

shaped. 
Sword,  etc.     An  edged  instrument  of  war.     See  Weapon. 
Tag.     A  metallic  binding  at  the  end  of  a  string. 
Thistle.     A  prickly  plant. 


SHARPNESS 


963 


ItijEP'S-EYE. 


SHARPNESS— Denotations — Continued. 


Thorn.     A  pointed  projection  from  a  plant. 

Tooth.     Anything  resembling  the  tooth  of  an  animal. 


Tusk.     A  long,  protruding  tooth. 

Wedge.     A  tapering  piece  of  wood  or  metal. 


Sharpness — Nouns  of  Agency. 


Emery.  A  very  hard  substance,  usually  mixed  with  magnetic  iron, 
used  for  grinding  very  hard  substances. 

Grindstone.     A  flat  circular  stone,  on  an  axle ,  for  grinding  tools. 

Hone.  A  fine-grained  stone  or  metal  for  sharpening  cutting  instru- 
ments, as  a  razor. 


Sharpener.     One  who  or  that  which  sharpens. 

Steel.     An  instrument  of  steel  for  sharpening  knives. 

Strop.     A  strip  of  leather  for  sharpening  a  razor. 

Whetstone.     A  stone  used  for  whetting,  or  sharpening,  edge  tools. 


Sharpness-  -Verbs. 


Aculeate .     To  make  sharp  or  pointed ,  like  a  prickle . 

Barb.     To  furnish  with  barbs. 

Be  sharp,  etc.     To  have  a  point  or  edge.     See  Adjectives. 

Bristle  with.     To  appear  as  though  covered  with  bristles. 

Cut,  etc.     To  separate  the  parts  of,  with  a  sharp*  instrument.     See 

Union-Disunion. 
Grind.     To  sharpen  by  friction. 
Point.     To  file  or  cut  to  an  acute  end. 

Sharpness — Adjectives. 


Render  sharp,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Set.     To  bend  the  teeth  of  a  saw  in  alternate  directions. 

Sharpen.     To  make  sharp. 

Spiculate.     To  shape  like  a  spicule. 

Strop.     To  sharpen,  as  a  razor  by  rubbing  on  a  strop. 

Tapei  to  a  point.     To  be  sharp. 

Whet.      To  sharpen  on  a  whetstone. 


Acicular.     Having  points  like  a  needle. 

Aciform.     Shaped  like  a  needle. 

Aculeated.     Having  a  sharp  point ;  armed  with  prickles.      See  Verbs. 

Acuminated.     Brought  to  a  point. 

Acute.     Having  a  sharply  tapering  point. 

Arrow-headed .     Pointed  like  an  arrow. 

Arrowy.     Sharp  like  an  arrow. 

Barbed.     Provided  with  barbs. 

Briery.     Covered  with  briers. 

Bristling.     Standing  like ,  or  appearing  as  if  covered  with,  bristles. 

Conical.     Shaped  like  a  cone. 

Corniculate.     Having  horns,  or  projections  like  small  horns. 

Cornute.     Having,  or  shaped  like,  horns. 

Cornuted.     Cornute. 

Craggy,  etc.     With  numerous  crags.     See  Smoothness-Roughness. 

Cusped.     Furnished  with  cusps. 

Cuspidate.      Having  a  sharp  end  like  the  point  of  a  spear. 

Cuspidated.     Cuspidate. 

Cutting.     Atlapted  to  cut. 

Denticulated.      Notched  into  small  toothlike  projections. 

Dentiform.     Tooth-shaped. 

Digitated.      Having  finger-like  processes 

Ensiform.     Sword-shaped. 

Fusiform.     Spindle-shaped. 

Keen.     With  fine  edge  or  point. 

Keen  as  a  razor.     Very  keen. 

Knife-edged.     With  a.;  edge  like  a  knife. 

Mucronate.      Ending  abruptly  in  a  sharp  point. 

Mucronated.     Mucronate. 

Muricated.     Full  of  sharp  points. 

Needle-pointed.l  .p  ^       like  aneedle. 

Needle-shaped.  ) 

Odontoid.     Tooth -shaped. 


Peaked.     Ending  in  a  point  from  a  wider  base. 

Pectinated.     Having  narrow  divisions  arranged  like  the  teeth  of  a 

comb. 
Pointed.     Coming  to  a  point;  sharp.     See  Verbs. 
Prickly.     Covered  with  prickles. 
Pyramidal.     In  the  form  of  a  pyramid. 
Salient.     Standing  out  prominently;  projecting. 

Set.     To  bend  the  teeth  of  a  saw  slightly,  every  alternate  one  being 
*  bent  to  one  side,  so  that  the  opening  made  may  be  wider.     See 

Verbs. 
Sharp.     Having  a  thin  edge  or  acute  point  capable  of  cutting  or 

piercing. 
Sharp  as  a  needle,  j  yh 
Sharp  as  a  razor,  t        *    -    " 
Sharp-edged.     Keen",  cutting. 

Sharpened.     Made  to  have  a  point  or  edge.     See  Verbs. 
Snaggy.     Full  of  snags. 
Spiked.     Furnished  with  spites. 
Spiky.     Like  a  spike ;  having  sharp  points  or  spikes. 
Spindle-shaped.     Thick  in  the  middle  and  tapering  to  both  ends. 
Spinous.     Having  spines ;  prickly. 
Spiny.     Full  of  spines. 

Spurred.     Furnished  with  spurs ;  having  shoots  like  spurs. 
Star-like.     Having  points  like  a  star. 
Stellated.     Pointed  like  a  star. 
Stelliform.     Star-shaped. 
Studded.     Filled  with  studs  or  little  points. 
Tapering.     Becoming  gradually  smaller  toward  one  end. 
Thistly.     Full  of  or  resembling  thistles. 
Thorny.     Rough  with  or  like  thorns. 
Toothed.     Furnished  with  teeth. 
Two-edged.     Having  two  edges. 


Marksman.     Belligerent,   Push- 


sharp'-shoot"-er. 

Pull. 
sharp'-shoot"-ing.    Marksmanship. 
shas'-ter.     Brahman  institutions. 

DOREVELATION. 

shat'-ter.     To  ruin.     Creation-Destruction, 
Impotence,  Union-Disunion. 

shat'-ter-brained" .     Heedless.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

shat'-tered.  Weakened.  Might-Impotence,  Strength- 
Weakness,  Weariness-Refreshment. 

shat'-ter-ing.    Present  participle  of  shatter. 
Weakness. 

shat'-ter-pa"-ted.      Of    trifling   intellect. 
Lunacy. 

shat'-ter-y.     Brittle.     Strength- Weakness. 

shave.  To  smooth;  to  slice;  to  cheat.  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Friability,  Lamina-Fiber,  Length- 
Shortness,  Smoothness-Roughness,  Truthful- 
ness-Fabrication. 

shav'-ing.      Slice.      Breadth-Narrowness, 
Fiber,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

shawl.     Garment.     Dress-Undress. 

she.      Feminine  pronoun.     Male-Female. 

sheaf.     Bundle.     Gathering-Scattering. 


Attack-Defense. 
Revelation-Pseu- 


MlGHT- 


Strength- 
Saneness- 


Lamina- 


shear.  To  clip  close.  Enlargement-Diminution, 
Length-Shortness,  Taking-Restitution. 

shears.     Scissors.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

sheath.    Case.    Cover-Lining,  Contents-Receiver. 

sheathe.  Cover.  Dress- Undress,  Turbulence- 
Calmness;  sheathe  the  sword,  Fighting-Concilia- 
tion. 

sheath'-ing.     Covering.     Cover-Lining. 

sheave.  The  wheel  of  a  pulley-block.  Suspension- 
Support. 

shed.  To  cast  off;  to  turn  off;  building.  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Cover-Lining,  Dweller-Habitation, 
Gathering-Scattering,  Giving-Receiving;  shed  a 
luster  on,  Reputation-Discredit;  shed  blood,  Life- 
Killing;  shed  light  upon,  Light-Darkness;  shed 
tears,  Jubilation-Lamentation. 

sheen.     Brightness.      Light-Darkness. 

sheen'-y.     Shining.     Light-Darkness. 

sheep.     Animal.     Fauna-Flora. 

sheep'-dog".  Kind  of  dog.  Domestication-Agricul- 
ture, Fauna-Flora. 

sheep'-fold".     Shelter  for  sheep.     Enclosure. 

sheep'-ish.     Abashed.     Conceit-Diffidence. 

sheep's'-eye".     An  oblique  glance,  amorously  bashfuL 


SHEEP'S-EYE. 


9G4 


SHOCKING. 


Cast  a  sheep's  eye,  Blandishment,  Conceit-Diffi- 
dence, Desire-Distaste. 
sheer.       Mere.       Entirety-Deficiency,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,     Mixture-Homogeneity;      sheer     off, 
Approach- Withdrawal,  Quest-Evasion*. 
sheet.         Layer;     cover.         Cover-Lining,    Lamina- 
Fiber,   Missive-Publication;    balance-sheet,  Out- 
lay-Income;    sheet   of   fire,   Heat-Cold;     sheet   of 
water,     Gulf-Plain;      white     sheet,     Atonement; 
winding-sheet,  Life-Funeral. 
sheet'-an"-chor.     Anchor.     Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Means,  Refuge-Pitfall. 
sheet'-light"-ning.       Kind  of  lightning.       Luminary- 
Shade. 
sheik.       Arab  chief.        Chief-Underling,   Ministry- 
Laity. 
shek'-el.     Hebrew  coin.     Values. 
shelf.      Ledge;    support.      Refuge-Pitfall,  Suspen- 
sion-Support;   oh  the  shelf,  Action-Passiveness, 
Might-Impotence,  Use-Disuse. 
shell.     Cover;     bomb;     to   bombard.         Attack-De- 
fense,   Cover-Lining,    Life-Funeral,    Weapon; 
shell  out,  Outlay-Income,  Settlement-Default. 
shell'-fish".     Fish  having  a  shell.     Fauna-Flora. 
shel'-ter.       Refuge.       Refuge-Pitfall,  Security-In- 
security;  shelter  oneself  under  plea  of,  Pretext. 
shel'-tie.     Pony.     Conveyer. 

shelve.     To  postpone;   to  slope.     Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Establishment-Removal,  Parallelism- 
Inclination,  Use-Disuse. 
Bhelved.     Retired.     Carefulness-Carelessness. 
shelv'-ing  beach.      Sloping  beach.      Parallelism-In- 
clination. 
shend.     To  reproach.     Betterment-Deterioration. 
Shep'-herd.  JesusChrist.  TheGood  Shepherd,  Divinity. 
shep'-herd.     Keeper  of  sheep ;  pastor.     City-Country, 
Domestication-Agriculture,  Manager,  Ministry- 
Laity. 
shep'-herd-ess.     Female  shepherd.     City-Country. 
shep'-herd's  dog.   A  ccllie ;  a sheep-aog.    Fauna-Flora. 
Shep'-pard.     Jack  Sheppard.     Robber. 
shere.     To  shear.     Magnitude-Smallness. 
sher'-iff.     Officer.     Judicature. 
shib'-bo-leth.     Watchword.     Sign. 
shield.      Buckler;    refuge.      Attack-Defense,  Cover- 
Lining,     Refuge-Pitfall,     Security-Insecurity-, 
Sign,  Title;   look  only  at  one  side  of  the  shield,  De- 
cision-Misjudgment;   reverse  of  the  shield,  Anteri- 
ority-Posteriority, Evidence-Counterevidence; 
under  the  shield  of,  Security-Insecurity. 
shield'-ing.     Present    participle    of    shield.     Attack- 
Defense. 
shift.     To    change;     pretext;     turn;     chemise.     Aim- 
Aberration,  Commutation-Permutation,  Conver- 
sion-Reversion,   Craft-Artlessness,    Dress-Un- 
dress,    Movement-Rest,     Mutability-Stability, 
Mutation- Permanence,      Pretext,      Transfer, 
Truthfulness-Fabrication;     last    shift,    Design, 
Volition-Obligation;     left    to    shift    for    oneself, 
7    Sociability-Privacy;   make  a  shift  with,  Commuta- 
\    tion-Permanence,  Use-Disuse;  put  to  one's  shifts, 
Affluence-Penury,     Difficulty-Facility;     shift 
for   oneself,   Conduct,    Liberty-Subjection;    shift 
off,  Earliness-Lateness;    shift  one's  ground,  Big- 
otry-Apostasy;    shift   one's   quarters,  Movement- 
Rest;  shift  the  scene,  Mutation-Permanence;  shift 
to  and  fro,  Mutability-Stability. 
shift'-ing.     Changing  from  place  to  place.     Aliena- 
tion,   Conversion,     Lastingness-Transientness, 
Movement-Rest,  Transfer:   shifting  sands,  Muta- 
bility-Stability; shifting  trust  or  use,  Alienation. 
;Uift'-less.     Not  thrifty.     Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion,    Repentance-Obduracy,    Skill-Unskilful- 
ness. 


shil-la'-lah.     Cudgel.     Weapon. 

shil'-ling.     Coin.     Money. 

shil'-ly-shal"-ly.  To  waver.  Determination- Vacil- 
lation, Reputation-Discredit. 

shim'-mer.     To  glimmer.     Light-Darkness. 

shin'-dy.     Row.     Strife-Peace. 

shine.  To  give  light;  to  be  eminent.  Beawty-Repu- 
tation,  Light-Darkness,  Reputation-Discredit; 
shine  in  conversation,  Conversation-Monologue; 
shine  forth,  Reputation  -  Discredit;  shine  upon, 
Light- Darkness,  Obstruction  -  Help;  take  the 
shine  out  of,  Reputation-Discredit. 

shin'-gle.     Gravel.     Friability. 

shin'-ing.  Giving  forth  light;  prominent.  Shining 
light,  Beauty'-Ugliness,  Light-Darkness,  Sage- 
Fool. 

shi'-ny.     Glossy.     Light-Darkness. 

ship.  Vessel;  to  put  or  get  onto  a  ship.  Contents- 
Receiver,  Conveyance-Vessel,  Conveyer,  Trans- 
fer, Traveling-Navigation;  one's  ship  coming  in, 
Affluence-Penury;  ship  of  the  line,  Belligerent; 
take  ship,  Arrival-Departure,  Traveling-Navi- 
gation. 

ship'-board".  Vessel.  On  ship-board,  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

ship'-load".  Cargo.  Contents-Receiver,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness. 

ship'-man.     Sailor.     Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

ship'-mate".     Sailor.     Friend-Foe. 

ship'-ment.  Something  shipped.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Transfer. 

ship'-pen.     Stall.     Dweller-Habitation. 

ship'-ping.     Tonnage.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

ship'-shape".  Orderly.  Conventionality'-Uncon- 
ventionality',  Regularity-Irregularity,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness. 

ship'-wreck".  Ruin.  Creation-Destruction,  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 

shire.     County.     Extension-District. 

shirk.  To  slight.  Insubordination-Obedience, 
Quest-Evasion. 

shirk'-er.  One  who  evades  work  01  obligation. 
Quest-Evasion. 

shirt.     Garment.     Dress-Undress. 

shive.  Cork.  Lamina-Fiber,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness. 

shiv'-er.  To  shatter;  to  quiver.  Agitation,  Cre- 
ation-Destruction, Heat-Cold,  Lamina-Fiber, 
Magnitude  -  Smallness,  Sanguineness  -  Timidity-, 
Toughness-Brittleness,  Union-Disunion;  go  to 
shivers,  Creation-Destruction;  shiver  in  one's 
shoes,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

shiv'-er-ing.     Shaking  from  cold.     Heat-Cold. 

shiv'-er-y.  Easily  broken.  Friability,  Toughness- 
Brittleness. 

shoal.  Shallow;  throng.  Deepness-Shallowness, 
Gathering-Scattering,  Multiplicity-Fewness. 

shoals.  Sand-banks.  Deepness-Shallowness, 

Refuge-Pitfall;     surrounded    by    shoals,    Diffi- 
culty-Facility. 

shoal'-y.  Abounding  in  shoals.  Deepness-Shallow- 
ness. 

shock.  A  sheaf;  a  concussion;  a  sensation;  to  pain; 
to  disgust.  Agitation,  Approval-Disapproval, 
Desire-Distaste,  Emotion,  Excitation,  Expec- 
tation-Surprise, Gathering -Scattering,  Im- 
petus-Reaction, Pleasure-Pain,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Turbulence-Calmness,  Vari- 
ance-Accord. 

shock'-ing.  Painful;  fearful;  disgusting.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Goodness-Badness,  Love-Hate,  Pleas- 
urablen  ess-Pain  fulness,  Reputation-Discredit, 
Sanguineness-Timidity,  Taste- Vulgarity;  in  a 
shocking  temper,  Favorite-Moroseness. 


SHOCKINGLY. 


965 


SHOW. 


shock'-ing-ly.     Disgustingly.    Magnitude-Smallness. 

shod.     Having  shoes.     Dress-Undress. 

shod'-dy.     Cloth.     Usefulness-Uselessness. 

shoe.  Foot-wear;  a  support;  a  break.  Dress-Un- 
dress, Obstruction-Help,  Suspension-Support; 
stand  in  the  shoes  of,  Commission-Abrogation, 
Representative;  where  the  shoe  pinches,  Antag- 
onism-Concurrence, Difficulty-Facility,  Good- 
ness -  Badness,  Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness, 
Sensitiveness- Apathy. 

shoe'-ma"-ker.     A  cobbler.     Dress-Undress. 

shog.     A  jog.     Turbulence-Calmness. 

shoot.  To  kill;  offspring;  to  dart;  to  grow;  to  exe- 
cute; to  pain.  Enlargement-Diminution,  Excul- 
pation-Punition,  Life-Killing,  Parentage-Prog- 
eny, Push -Pull,  Sensuality -Suffering,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness ;  shoot  ahead,  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion; shoot  ahead  of,  Transcursion-Shortcoming; 
shoot  at,  Attack-Defense;  shoot  out  beams,  Light- 
Darkness;  shoot  up,  Convexity-Concavity,  Quan- 
tity-Measure;  teach  the  young  idea  to  shoot,  Edu- 

CATION-MlSTE  ACHING. 

shoot'-er.  One  who  or  that  which  shoots.  Push- 
Pull. 

shoot'-ing.     Hunting.  Life-Killing,   Quest-Eva- 

sion; shooting  pain,  Sensuality-Suffering;  shoot- 
ing star,  Astronomy,  Universe. 

shoot'-ing-coat.     A  garment.     Dress-Undress. 

shop.  To  buy;  a  store  Buying-Sale,  Market;  keep 
a  shop,  Exchange,  Occupation;  shut  up  shop. 
Beginning  -  End,  Discontinuance-Continuance, 
Quest-Abandonment,  Toil-Relaxation;  smell  of 
the  shop,  Embellishment-Vulgarity. 

shop'-keep"-er.     A  tradesman.    Dealer. 

shop'-lift"-er.     A  thief.     Robber. 

shop'-lift"-ing.     Thievery.     Theft. 

shop'-man.     A  shopkeeper.     Dealer. 

shop'-mate".     A  comrade.     Friend-Foe. 

shop'-ping.     Buying.     Buying-Sale,  Exchange. 

shore.  Border;  land;  a  support.  Attack-Defense, 
Border,  Ocean-Land,  Suspension-Support;  hug 
the  shore,  Approach-Withdrawal;  on  shore,  Gulf- 
Plain;  shore  up,  Suspension-Support. 

shore'-less.     Boundless.     Extension-District. 

shorn.  Cut  short;  deprived.  Gain-Loss,  Length- 
Shortness,  Top-Bottom;  shorn  of  its  beams,  Dim- 
ness, Gentility-Commonalty;  shorn  lamb,  Pleas- 
ure-Pain. 

short.  Not  long;  brittle;  uncivil.  Entirety-Defi- 
ciency, Greatness  -  Littleness.  Length -Short- 
ness, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Terseness-Pro- 
lixity, Toughness- Brittleness,  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming;  at  short  notice,  Earliness-Lateness, 
Lastingness-Transientness;  come  short  of,  Ex- 
cess-Lack, Supremacy -Subordinacy;  in  short, 
Digest,  Length-Shortness,  Terseness-Prolixity  ; 
make  short  work  of,  Activity-Indolence,  Comple- 
tion-Noncompletion,  Creation-Destruction,  De- 
termination-Vacillation, Exculpation-Pun  ition, 
Hurry-Leisure,  Success-Failure;  short  allow- 
ance, Excess-Lack;  short  breath,  Weariness-Re- 
freshment; short  by,  Length-Shortness;  short 
commons,  Excess-Lack,  Fasting-Gluttony;  short 
cut,  Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Midcourse-Cir- 
cuit;  short  distance,  Remoteness-Nearness;  short 
life  and  merry,  Entertainment-Weariness;  short 
measure,  Entirety-Deficiency;  short  meter,  Rhet- 
oric; short  of,  Addition-Subtraction,  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution, Excess-L\ck,  Hurry-Leisure, 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Supremacy-Subordinacy, 
Transcursion-Shortcoming;  short  sea,  River- 
Wind. 

short'-breathed".     Short-winded.     Weariness. 

short'-com"-ing.    Deficiency;    shortage.    Completion- 


Noncompletion,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Excess- 
Lack,  Faultlsssness- Faultiness,  Harmony- 
Discord,  Supremacy-Subordinacy,  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming. 

short'-en.  To  curtail.  Enlargement -Diminution, 
Increase-Decrease,  Length-Shortness;  shorten 
sail,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

short'-en-ing.  That  which  shortens.  Digest,  Length- 
Shortness. 

short'-hand" .     Stenography.     Writing-Printing. 

short'-hand"-ed.  Lacking  men.  Faultlessness- 
Faultiness. 

short'-horn".     An  ox.     Fauna-Flora. 

short'-lived".  Dying  young.  Lastingness-Tran- 
sientness. 

short'-ly.  Soon.  Earliness-Lateness,  Length- 
Shortness. 

short'-ness.  Smallness.  Length -Shortness;  for 
shortness'  sake,  Terseness-Prolixity. 

short'-sight"-ed.       Lacking     foresight.       Sight-Dim- 

SIGHTEDNESS. 

short'-sight"-ed-ness.  Myopic;  foolish;  imprudent. 
Adage- Nonsense,  Decision  -  Misjudgment,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity, SlGHT-DlMSIGHTEDNESS. 

short'-wind"-ed.  Breathless;  fatigued.  Strength- 
Weakness,  Weariness-Refreshment. 

short'-wit"-ted.     Unwise.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

shot.  A  missile;  variegated;  a  guess;  bullets;  price; 
reward.  Fighting -Conciliation,  Hypothesis, 
Price-Discount,  Push-Pull,  Recompense-Puni- 
tion.  Variegation,  Weapon;  bad  shot,  Adept- 
Bungler;  exchange  shots,  Strife-Peace;  good 
shot,  Adept-Bungler,  Push-Pull;  have  a  shot  at, 
Attack-Defense;  like  a  shot,  Eternity-Instan- 
taneity;  not  have  a  shot  in  one's  locker,  Afflu- 
ence-Penury; off  like  a  shot,  Quest-Evasion;  ran- 
dom shot,  Purpose-Luck,  Trial;  round  shot,  Weap- 
on; shot  in  the  locker,  Means. 

shot'-free.     Scot-free.     Costliness-Cheapness. 

should  be.  Ought.  No  better  than  she  should  be, 
Purity-Impurity;  what  should  be,  Right- Wrong. 

shoul'-der.  A  support;  a  projection;  to  shove.  Con- 
vexity-Concavity, Impetus-Reaction,  Suspen- 
sion-Support; broad-shouldered,  Strength-Weak- 
ness; cold  shoulder,  Attraction-Repulsion;  have 
on  one's  shoulders,  Occupation  ;  on  the  shoulders  of, 
Elevation-Depression,  Heigiit-Lowness,  Instru- 
mentality; rest  on  the  shoulders  of,  Duty-Dere- 
liction; shoulder  a  musket,  Fighting-Concilia- 
tion; shoulder  arms,  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion;  shoulder  to  shoulder,  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Association;  shoulder  to  the  wheel,  Deter- 
mination-Vacillation, Enterprise,  Toil-Re- 
laxation; shrug  the  shoulders,  Yielding;  take  upon 
one's  shoulders,  Enterprise. 

shoul'-der-knot" .     An  epaulet.     Embellishment-Dis 
figurement. 

shout.  To  cry;  to  rejoice.  Cry-Ululation,  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation,  Loudness-Faintness. 

shove.  Push.  Impetus-Reaction;  give  a  shove  to, 
Obstruction-Help. 

shov'-el.  A  scoop.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Con- 
tents-Receiver, Conveyance-Vessel,  Oven-Re- 
frigerator, Transfer;  put  to  bed  with  a  shovel, 
Life-Funeral;  shovel  away,  Admission-Expul- 
sion. 

shov'-el-hat.     A  hat.     Vestments. 

shov'-el-ing.     Present  participle  of  shovel.    Transfer. 

show.  An  exhibition;  to  demonstrate;  to  manifest; 
appearance;  to  appear.  Appearance-Disappear- 
ance, Evidence-Counterevidence,  Heed-Disre- 
gard, Manifestation-Latency.  Pomp,  Proof-Dis- 
proof, Society  Visibility-Invisibility;  dumb 
show,  Sign;    make  a  show,  Pomp,    Truthfulness- 


SHOW. 


966 


SIC. 


Falsehood;  mere  show,  Truthfulness-False- 
hood; peep-show,  Entertainment- Weariness; 
show  a  light  pair  of  heels,  Quest-Evasion;  show 
cause,  Enlightenment-Secrecy;  show  fight,  At- 
tack-Defense, Bravery-Cowardice,  Defiance; 
show  in  front,  Transcursion-Shortcoming;  show  it- 
self, Visibility-Invisibility;  show  off,  Bragging, 
Pomp;  show  of  similarity,  Likelihood-Unlikeli- 
hood, Likeness-Unlikeness;  show  one's  cards,  Ex- 
posure-Hidingplace;  show  one's  colors,  Manifes- 
tation-Latency, Sign;  show  one's  face,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace,  Manifestation -Latency,  Pres- 
ence-Absence; show  one's  hand,  Exposure-Hid- 
ingplace;  show  one's  teeth,  Defiance;  show  up, 
Approval-  Disapproval,  Justification  -  Charge, 
Manifestation-Latency,  Reputation-Discredit, 
Society-Derision,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

ghow'-er.  A  rain;  abundance.  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing, River-Wind;  shower  down,  Enough,  River- 
Wind;  shower  down  upon,  Generosity-Frugality, 
Giving-Receiving. 

show'-er-y.     Abounding  with  showers.     River- Wind. 

show'-ing.  Appearance.  Evidence-Counterevi- 
dence,  Manifestation-Latency. 

show'-man.     An  exhibitor.     Interpreter. 

show'-y.  Noticeable.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Color- 
Achromatism,  Embellishment  -  Disfigurement, 
Pomp. 

shrap'-nel.     A  shell.     Weapon. 

shred.  A  bit;  a  filament.  Lamina-Fiber,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness. 

shrew.     A  vixen.     Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

shrew'-ish.  Resembling  a  shrew.  Favorite-Quar- 
relsomeness. 

shrewd.  Sagacious.  Craft-  Artlessness,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Sagacity-Incapacity. 

shriek.     A  cry.     Cry-Ululation. 

shriev'-al-ty.     Office  of  sheriff.     Jurisprudence. 

shrieve.     Sheriff.     Jurisprudence. 

shrift.  Confession;  absolution.  Atonement,  Ex- 
posure-Hi dingplace. 

shrift'-less.  Obdurate.  Loudness  -  Faintness,  Re- 
pentance-Obduracy. 

shrill.     Piercing.     Cacophony. 

shrimp.     A  dwarf.     Greatness-Littleness. 

shrine.     A  tomb;  a  temple.     Fane,  Life-Funeral. 

shrink.  To  contract;  to  recoil.  Advance-Retro- 
gression, Approach-Withdrawal,  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Increase-Decrease,  Quest-Evasion, 
Readiness-  Reluctance,  Sensitiveness-Apathy; 
shrink  from,  Desire-Distaste,  Love-Hate,  San- 
guinen  ess-Timidity. 

shrink'-ing.  Present  participle  of  shrink.  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution, Increase-Decrease,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance. 

shrive.     To  absolve.     Atonement. 

shriv'-el.    To  shrink.    Enlargement-Diminution. 

shriv'-eled.     Shrunken.     Breadth-Narrowness. 

shroud.  A  winding-sheet;  to  conceal;  protection.  At- 
tack-Defense, Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Life- 
Funeral,  Security-Insecurity;  shrouded  in  mys- 
tery, Clearness-Obscurity. 

shrub.  A  plant.  Domestication- Agriculture, 
Fauna-Flora. 

shrug.  A  movement.  Sign;  shrug  the  shoulders,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Assent-Dissent,  Content- 
edness-Discontentedness,  Desire-Distaste,  Re- 
gard-Disrespect, Yielding. 

shrunk.  Contracted;  little.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion, Greatness-Littleness. 

shud'-der.  To  shiver;  to  tremble.  Heat-Cold,  San- 
guineness-Timidity;  make  one  shudder,  Pleasur- 
ableness-Painfulness;  shudder  at,  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Love-Hate. 


shud'-der-ing.  Having  or  causing  a  shudder.  Desire- 
Distaste. 

shuf'-fle.  To  derange;  to  shamble;  an  artifice;  be  irreso- 
lute; be  evasive.  Agitation,  Bigotry- Apostasy, 
Commutation-Permutation,  Determination- Vac- 
illation, Mixture- Homogeneity,  Mutability- 
Stability,  Mutation-Permanence,  Organization- 
Disorganization,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Truth- 
fulness-Fabrication, Truthfulness-Falsehood, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty;  patience  and  shuffle  the 
cards,  Excitability-Inexcitability;  shuffle  off, 
Quest-Evasion;  shuffle  off  this  mortal  coil,  Life- 
Death;  shuffle  on,  Traveling- Navigation;  shuffle 
the  cards,  Beginning-End,  Mutation-Permanence, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Purpose-Luck. 

shuf'-fler.     A  deceiver.     Gull-Deceiver. 

shuf '-fling.  Done  with  a  shuffle;  prevaricating.  Agi- 
tation, Commutation-Permutation,  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization, Truthfulness-Falsehood, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

shun.    To  avoid.    Desire-Distaste,  Quest-Evasion. 

shunt.     To  turn  aside.     Aim-Aberration,  Transfer. 

shunt'-ed.    Shelved.     Carefulness-Carelessness. 

shut.  To  close.  Aperture-Closure,  Approach- 
Withdrawal,  Transfer;  shut  in,  Release-Re- 
straint; shut  one's  ears,  Credulousness-Skepti- 
cism,  Hearing-Deafness;  shut  oneself  up,  Socia- 
bility-Privacy; shut  one's  eyes  to,  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Credui.ousness-Skepticism,  Heed- 
Disregard,  Leave-Prohibition,  Observance-Non- 
observance;  shut  out,  Inclusion-Omission,  Leave- 
Prohibition;  shut  the  door,  Aperture-Closure, 
Leave-Prohibition;  shut  the  door  in  one's  face, 
Proffer-Refusal;  shut  the  door  upon,  Sociability- 
Privacy;  shut  the  eyes,  Sight-Blindness;  shut  the 
gates  of  mercy,  Compassion-Ruthlessness;  shut  up, 
Aperture-Closure,  Proof-Disproof,  Release- 
Restraint;  shut  up  shop,  Beginning-Continuance, 
Discontinuance-Continuance,  Quest-Abandon- 
ment, Toil-Relaxation. 

shut'-ter.     A  blind.     Luminary-Shade. 

shut'-tle-cock".  A  plaything.  Determination-Vacil- 
lation. 

shy.  Modest;  fearful;  to  fling;  to  swerve.  Advance- 
Retrogression,  Aim-Aberration,  Bravery-Cow- 
ardice, Conceit-Diffidence,  Push-Pull,  Quest- 
Evasion,  Sanguineness-Timidity;  fight  shy  of, 
Quest-Evasion;  have  a  shy  at,  Attack-Defense; 
shy  cock,  Bravery-Cowardice;  shy  of,  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Faith-Misgiving,  Readiness-Reluctance, 
Recklessness-Caution;  shy  of  belief,  Credulous- 
ness-Skepticism. 

Si-a-mese' twins.     United  twins,  1811-1874.  Duality. 

sib.     A  kinsman.     Relationship. 

Si-be'-ri-a.     A  part  of  Russia.     Heat-Cold. 

Si-be'-ri-an.    Of  or  pertaining  to  Siberia.    Heat-Cold. 

sib'-i-lant.    Hissing.     Resonance-Sibilation. 

sib"-i-la'-tion.  A  hiss;  disrespect;  disapprobation. 
Approval-Disapproval,  Regard-Disrespect,  Res- 
onance-Nonresonance. 

sib'-yl.  An  oracle.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Jove-Fiend, 
Soothsayer. 

sib'-yl-line.  Oracular.  Prophecy;  sibylline  leaf, 
Soothsayer. 

sic  [L.]  (sic).  Thus.  Sameness-Contrast,  Truth- 
Error. 

sic  omnes,  si  [L.]  (sic  om'-niz,  sai) .  Would  they  all  were 
so!     Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

sic  transit  gloria  mundi  [L.]  (sic  tran'-sit  g!o'-ri-a  mun'- 
dai).  Thus  passes  away  the  glory  of  the  world. 
Lastingness  -  Transientness,  Welfare  -  Misfor- 
tune. 

sic  volo,  sic  jubeo  [L.]  (sic  vo'-lo,  sic  jiub'-i-c).  As  I 
will,  I  command.     Order,  Volition-Obligation. 


SIC. 


967 


SIGHT— BLINDNESS. 


sic  vos  non  vobis  [L.]  (sic  vos  non  vo'-bis).  Thus  not 
for  yourself  you  toil.     Theft. 

sic'-ci-ty.     Dryness.     Dampness-Dryness. 

sick.  111.  Health-Sickness;  make  one  sick,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  sick  at 
heart,  Lightheartedness-Dejection;  sick  of,  De- 
sire-Distaste, Desire  -  Repletion,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness; visitation  of  the  sick,  Ceremo- 
nial. 

sick'-cham"-ber.    Sick-room.    Health-Sickness. 

sick'-en.  To  disgust;  to  nauseate;  to  become  ill. 
Desire  -  Distaste,  Entertainment  -  Weariness, 
Health-Sickness,  Palatableness-Unpalatable- 
ness,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

sick'-en-er.  Overdose.  Desire-Dislike,  Excess- 
Lack,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

sick'-en-ing.  Causing  to  sicken.  Palatableness-Un- 
palatableness,  Pleasvrableness-Pain  fulness. 

sick'-le.  A  tool.  Angularity,  Sharpness-Blunt- 
ness. 

sick'-ly.     Weak.     Strength-Weakness. 

sick'-ness.     Illness.     Health-Sickness. 

sick'-room.    A  sick-chamber.     Health-Sickness. 

side.  Party;  face;  lineage.  Association,  Border, 
Laterality-Contraposition,  Relationship;  at 
one's  side,  Remoteness-Nearness;  from  side  to  side, 
Vibration;  look  only  at  one  side  of  the  shield,  De- 
cision-Misjudgment;  on  one  side,  Parallelism-In- 
clination, Proportion-Deformity;  on  one's  side, 
Laterality-Contraposition,  Variance  -Accord; 
pass  from  one  side  to  another,  Bigotry-Apostasy; 
side  by  side,  Association,  Laterality-Contraposi- 
tion, Remoteness-Nearness,  Solitude-Company; 
side  with,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help, Variance-Accord;  take  up  a  side,  Ra- 
tiocination-Instinct; wrong  side  up,  Reversal. 

side'-arms.     Weapons.     Weapons. 

side'-blow.     A  thrust.     Craft-Artlessness. 

side'-board.     A  cabinet.     Contents-Receiver. 

side'-drum.  A  musical  instrument.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

side'-ling.  Sloping.  Aim-Aberration,  Laterality- 
Contraposition. 

side'-long.  Oblique.  Laterality-Contraposition, 
Parallelism-Inclination. 


sid"-er-a'-tion.    A  stroke.     Might-Impotence. 

si-de'-re-al.     Starry.     Astronomy,  Universe. 

sid'-er-ite.     A  mineral.     Attraction-Repulsion. 

sid'-er-c-man"-cy.     Divination.     Prophecy. 

side'-sad"-dle.    A  saddle.     Suspension-Support. 

side'-scene.     A  curtain.     Acting. 

sides'-man.     A  churchwarden.     Ministry-Laity. 

side'-walk".     A  path.     Way. 

side'-ways".  Oblique;  lateral.  Laterality-Contra- 
position, Parallelism-Inclination. 

side'-wind.  An  indirect  attack.  Craft-Artlessness, 
Midcourse-Circuit,  Parallelism-Inclination. 

si'-dle.  To  deviate;  to  move  sidewise.  Aim-Aberra- 
tion,   Laterality-Contraposition. 

siege.  An  investment.  Attack-Defense;  lay  siege  to, 
Attack-Defense;  state  of  siege,  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation. 

siege'-train.     A  military  train.     Weapon. 

sies'-ta.     A  nap.     Activity-Indolence. 

sieve.  To  sort;  to  clean;  a  utensil.  Aperture-Clo- 
sure, Cleanness-Filthiness,  Organization-Disor- 
ganization; pour  water  into  a  sieve,  Extravagance- 
Avarice,  Provision- Waste;  stop  one  hole  in  a  sieve, 
Extravagance-Avarice. 

sift.  To  clean;  to  sort;  to  simplify;  to  scrutinize. 
Cleanness  -  Filthiness,  Differentiation  -  Indis- 
crimination, Investigation-Answer,  Mixture- 
Homogeneity,  Organization  -  Disorganization  ; 
sift  the  chaff  from  the  wheat,  Choice-Rejection. 

sift'-ing.  Separating  into  fine  parts.  Investigation- 
Answer,  Mixture-Homogeneity. 

sigh.  A  deep  breath.  Jubilation-Lamentation;  sigh 
for,  Desire-Distaste. 

sigh'-ing  like  a  fur'-nace.     Blandishment. 

sight.  A  view;  a  prodigy;  vision;  quantity.  Appear- 
ance-Disappearance, Beauty-Ugliness,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness,  Multiplicity-Paucity,  Phenome- 
non, Sight-Blindness;  at  sight,  Earliness-Late- 
ness,  Sight-Blindness;  dim  sight,  Sight-Dimsight- 
edness;  in  sight,  Visibility-Invisibility;  in  sight  of 
Remoteness-Nearness,  Sight-Blindness,  Visi- 
bility-Invisibility; keep  in  sight,  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Heed-Disregard;  within  sight  of 
shore,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 


SIGHT— BLINDNESS. 


A  view  at  a  glance. 

view  free  from  obstruction  or  impediment. 


}A  vie 


Bird's-eye  view. 
Clear  glance. 
Clear  sight. 
Commanding  view 

Coreje'ctaity .  I  The  faculty  of  seeing' 

Contemplation .     The  act  of  looking  forward  to. 

Coitpd'oeil  [F.j,     A  glance. 

Discernment.     The  power  of  seeing. 

Eagle  glance.)  „  ,   . 

Eagle  sight,    J  Keen  power  of  Slght- 

Espial.     The  act  of  espying. 

Espionage.     Secret  watching. 

Eyesight.     The  sense  of  seeing. 

Gaze.      \  continued  look. 

Glance.     A  swift  survey  by  the  eye. 

Glimpse.     A  short,  hurried  view. 

Inspection.      Careful  looking  into. 

Introspection.      A  looking  inward. 

Ken.     A  view. 

Leer.     An  indirect  glance. 

Look.     A  sight ;  a  view. 

Ocular  demonstration.)  n      t  i     *•      u  ■  L* 

Ocular  inspection.         J  Proof  or  «*"«»*"»»  by  eyesight. 

Peep.     A  sly  look. 

Penetrating  glance.)   .  .     .  ..         . 

Penetrating  sight.    J  A  look  throxf h' 
Periscope.     A  general  comprehensive  view. 
Perlustration.     The  act  of  viewing  all  over. 


Ablepsy.     Blindness. 

Amaurosis.     Loss  of  sight  without  organic  effect. 

Blindness.     Without  the  power  of  seeing. 

Cataract.     Opacity  of  the  crystalline  lens. 

Cecity.     Without  sighv. 

Dimsightedness.     The  state  of  having  obscure  sight.     See  Sight- 

DlMSIGHTEDNESS. 

Execation.     The  act  of  making  blind. 
Prestriction.     Want  of  sight.     [Milton.] 

Teichopsia.     A  temporary  blindness,  as  though  one  saw  a  wall. 
Xanthocyanopia.     A  form  of  color-blindness,  in  which  yellow  and 
blue  only  are  seen. 

Blindness — Denotation. 
Noctograph.     A  kind  of  writing-frame  for  the  blind. 

Blindness — Verbs, 
Avert  the  eyes.     To  turn  away  the  eyes. 
Be  blind  to.     To  be  without  sight. 
Blind.     To  deprive  of  sight. 
Blindfold.     To  cover  the  eyes. 
Blink  at.     To  shut  one's  eyes  to. 
Close  the  eyes.     To  bring  together  the  eyelids. 
Dazzle.     To  blind  for  a  moment  by  light. 
Have  the  eyes  bandaged.     To  have  a  soft  cloth  fastened  up->n  the 

eyes. 
Hoodwink.     To  blindfold. 

Jeter  de  la  poudre  aux  yeux  [F.].     To  throw  dust  into  the  eyes. 
Look  another  way.     To  avoid  with  the  eyes. 


SIGHT. 


968 


SIGHT— BLINDNESS. 


SIGHT— BLINDNESS— Continued. 


Perspicacity.     Acuteness  of  sight. 

Quick  Sht"'}  A  sharp'  sudden  look' 

Reconnaissance.     An  examination  of  territory  or  an  enemy's  posi- 
tion. 
Regard.     A  view;  agaze. 


Sharp  glance.) 


A  keen,  piercing  look. 


Sharp  sight. 

Short  sight.     Ability  to  see  but  a  short  distance. 

Sight.     Perception  of  objects  by  the  eye. 

Sightseeing.     The  act  of  seeing  sights. 

Speculation.     Examination  by  the  eye. 

Stare.     A  fixed  look  with  eyes  wide  open. 

Survey.     A  general  view. 

View.     Examination  by  the  eye. 

Vision.     The  act  of  seeing  external  objects. 

Watch.     Close  observation. 

S  i  g  ht — Denolat  ions. 

Autopsy.  Examination  of  a  dead  body  for  the  purpose  of  ascertain- 
ing the  cause  of  death. 

Catopsis.     Science  of  reflection. 

Optics.  That  branch  of  physical  science  which  treats  of  the  nature 
and  properties  of  light. 

Sight — Nouns  of  Cause. 
Clear  eye.     An  eye  able  to  perceive  clearly. 
Eagle  eye.     An  eye  with  the  power  of  sight  of  an  eagle. 
Eye.     The  organ  of  sight  or  vision. 
Naked  eye.     The  eye  unassisted  by  glasses. 
Organs  of  vision.     The  eye. 

Penetrating  eye.     An  eye  or  sight  that  sees  through. 
Piercing  eye.     An  eye  that  ?eems  to  be  able  to  see  through  things. 
Quick  eye.     An  eye  of  very  ready  perceptive  power. 
Sharp  eye.     An  eye  of  keen  vision. 
Unassisted  eye      The  eye  without  glasses. 

Sight — Organs  of  Sight. 
Cornea.     The  transparent  outer  coat  of  the  eyeball. 
Eye.     The  organ  of  sight. 

Iris.     The  colored  curtain  about  the  pupil  of  the  eye. 
Orbs.     Eyes. 

Pupil.     The  central  part  of  the  front  eye. 
Retina.     The  inner  coat  of  the  eye. 
Visual  organs.     The  eye  and  its  parts. 
White      The  white  covering  of  the  eye. 

Sight — Nouns  of  Place. 
Amphitheater.     A  circular  or  oval  building  with  rising  tiers  of  seats. 
Arena.     The  oval  space  in  the  center  of  an  amphitheater. 
Belvedere.     An  open,  upper  story  of  an  Italian  house. 
Field  of  view.     As  far  as  the  eye  can  see. 
Gazebo.     A  summer  house  with  an  extended  view. 
Horizon.     The  range  of  vision;  where  the  earth  and  sky  seem  to 

meet. 
Loophole.     A  hole  in  a  fortification  for  observation,  etc. 
Point  of  view.     The  standpoint  from  which  anything  is  seen. 
Theater.     A  house  where  plays  are  to  be  seen. 
Vista.     A  prospect. 
Watch-tower.     A  tower  in  a  fortified  wall  for  a  sentinel. 

Sight — Figurative  Nouns. 

Argus.     A  hundred-eyed  giant. 

Basilisk.     A  creature  the  look  of  whose  eye  was  fatal. 

Cat       A  person  of  very  keen  sight. 

Cockatrice      A  serpent  with  a  fatal  eye. 

Eagle      A  person  of  very  keen  sight. 

Evil  eye.  A  person  whose  eye  inflicts  injury  by  some  magical  influ- 
ence. 

Goggl?-eye.  A  person  having  prominent  and  distorted  or  rolling 
eyes. 

Gooseberry-eye.     A  person  having  large  round,  rolling  eyes. 

Lynx.     A  person  of  keen  sight. 

Sight — Verbs. 
Be  a  spectator  of.     To  be  one  who  sees. 
Behold.     To  apprehend  by  vision. 
Bend  one's  looks  upon.     To  direct  one's  eyes  toward. 
Cast  a  glance.     To  cause  the  eyes  to  be  directed  for  a  moment. 
Cast  the  eyes  on.     To  cause  the  eyes  to  look  at. 
Catch  a  glimpse  of.     To  see  for  an  instant  indistinctly. 
Catch  a  sight  of.     To  see  plainly  for  a  moment. 


BLINDNESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Lose  sight  of.     To  permit  to  escape  from  view. 

Not  look.     Not  to  perform  the  operation  of  seeing. 

Not  see.     Not  to  understand. 

Put  one's  eyes  out.     To  blind  by  injuring  the  eye. 

Render  blind.     To  cause  one  to  be  mentally  or  physically  blind. 

Screen  from  sight. 

Shut  the  eyes.     To  close  the  lids. 

Shut  the  eyes  to.     Purposely  to  overlook. 

Throw  dust  into  one's  eyes.     To  mislead  by  confusing  statement* 

Turn  away  the  eyes.     To  avert  the  face. 

Wink.     To  close  the  eye  foi  a  moment. 

Wink  at.     To  overlook. 

Blindness — Adjectives. 
Blind.     Without  sight. 
Blind  as  a  bat.     Very  blind. 
Blind  as  a  beetle.     Entirely  blind. 
Blind  as  a  buzzard.     Sightless. 
Blind  as  a  mole.      Not  able  to  see. 
Blind  as  an  owl.     Able  to  see  little. 
Blinded.     Made  blind. 
Dark.     Not  to  be  seen. 
Dimsighted.     Having  poor  sight. 
Eyeless.     Without  the  organs  of  sight. 
Sightless.     Without  the  sense  of  sight. 
Sand-blind.     Half  blind. 
Stark-blind.     Entirely  without  sight. 
Stone-blind.     Sightless. 
Undi seeming.     Not  able  to  distinguish. 
Visionless.     Without  ability  to  see. 

Blindness — Adverbs. 
Blindfold.     Unable  to  see. 
Blindly.     In  the  manner  of  the  blind. 
Darkly.     Dimly. 


SIGHT—  Verbs—  Continued. 

Cock  the  eye.     To  turn  the  eye  in  a  knowing  way. 

Command  a  view  of.     Obtain  a  wide  view. 

Contemplate.     To  consider  carefully. 

Descry.     To  recognize  through  obscurity. 

Direct  the  eyes  to.     To  turn  the  eyes  in  the  direction  of. 

Discern.     To  recognize  objects  as  distinct  from  others. 

Discover.     To  detect. 

Distinguish.     To  perceive  as  different. 

Espy.     To  see  suddenly. 

Eye.     To  scrutinize. 

Fix  the  eyes  upon.     To  look  closely  at. 

Gaze.     To  look  earnestly  at. 

Get  a  glimpse  of.     To  obtain  an  indistinct  view  of. 

Get  a  sight  of.     To  obtain  a  view  of. 

Glance  on.     To  look  at  suddenly. 

Glance  over.     To  examine  carelessly. 

Glance  round.     To  dart  the  look  about  suddenly. 

Glare.     To  gaze  fiercely. 

Gloat.     To  look  steadily,  exhibiting  evil  triumph. 

Gloat  on.     To  look  on  with  evil  satisfaction. 

Goggle.     To  roll  the  eyes  staringly. 

Have  a  glimpse  of.     To  have  a  momentary  look. 

Have  a  sight  of.     To  have  a  distinct  view  for  a  moment. 

Have  in  sight.     To  see. 

Inspect.     To  examine  critically. 

Ken.     To  see,  to  know. 

Leer.     To  look  slyly. 

Lift  up  the  eyes.     To  look  up. 

Look.     To  direct  the  gaze  for  the  purpose  ol  seeing. 

Look  about  one.     To  be  observant. 

Look  askance.     To  use  an  indirect  glance. 

Look  at.     To  direct  the  sight  to. 

Look  full  in  the  face.     To  look  boldly. 

Look  hard  at      To  gaze  with  steadfastness. 

Look  intently.     To  look  fixedly. 

Look  on.     To  be  a  spectator. 

Look  over.     To  examine  hastily. 

Look  round.     To  see  in  all  directions. 

Look  upon.     To  regard. 

Make  out.     To  decipher. 

Observe.     To  discern.* 

Ogle.     To  look  with  impudence. 

Open  one's  eyes.     To  put  away  mistaken  ideas. 

Peep       To  look  furtively. 


SIGHT. 


969 


SIGHT— DIMSIGHTEDNESS. 


SIGHT— Verbs—  Continued. 


Peer.     To  look  inquiringly. 

Perceive.     To  receive  knowledge  through  the  senses. 

Play  at  bo-peep.     To  peep  from  concealment  and  hide  again. 

Pore  over.     To  read  with  absorbing  interest. 

Pry.     To  look  into  with  curiosity. 

Recognize.     To  know  at  sight. 

Reconnoiter.     To  examine  by  the  eye  for  military  purposes. 

Rivet  the  eyes  upon.      To  look  fixedly  at. 

Run  the  eye  over.     To  glance  hastily  over. 

Run  the  eye  through.     To  look  through  pages  rapidly. 

Scan.     To  observe  closely. 

See.     To  perceive  by  the  eye. 

See  at  a  glance.     To  understand  quickly. 

See  sights.     To  visit  objects  of  interest. 

See  with  one's  own  eyes.     To  know  from  one's  own  observation. 


Set  the  eyes  on.     To  behold. 

Sight.     To  bring  into  the  field  of  observation. 

Speculate.     To  have  in  view. 

Spy.     To  see  from  concealment. 

Squint.     To  look  with  half -closed  eyes. 

Stare.     To  look  fixedly. 

Strain  one's  eyes.     To  overtask  the  eyes. 

Survey.     To  look  around. 

Take  a  peep.     To  take  one  short  look. 

Turn  one's  looks  upon.     To  examine  carefully. 

Turn  the  eyes  on.     To  observe. 

View.     To  look. 

Watch.     To  observe  attentively. 

Watch  for.     To  wait  expectantly. 

Witness.     To  see  with  the  eye. 


SrcH  t — .4  djec  lives. 


Argus-eyed,     Hundred-eyed;  watchful. 
Clear-sighted .     Of  keen  physical  or  intellectual  vision. 
Eagle-eyed.     Far-sighted  and  keen-sighted. 
Hawk-eyed.     Having  piercing  eyes. 
Keen-eyed.     Sharp-sighted. 
Lynx-eyed.     Having  acute  sight. 
Ocular.     Pertaining  to  the  eye. 


At  a  glance.     Immediately. 

At  first  sight.     Without  consideration. 

At  sight.     As  soon  as  seen. 

At  the  first  blush.     At  the  first  view. 


Ophthalmic.     Of  or  pertaining  to  the  organ  of  vision. 

Optic.     Of  or  pertaining  to  the  eye. 

Optical.     Of  or  pertaining  to  the  science  of  optics. 

Seeing.     Having  knowledge  by  the  eye. 

Visible.     Capable  of  being  seen. 

Visual.     Connected  with  the  sense  of  sight. 


Sight — Adverbs,  etc. 


In  sight  of.     Before. 

Prima  facie  (L.].     At  first  appearance. 

Visibly      Obviously. 

With  one's  eyes  open      On  one's  guard. 


Look!     Behold! 

The  scales  falling  from  one's  eyes.     Becoming  enlightened. 


Si  gh  t —  Interjection . 
Sight — Phrase. 


SIGHT—  DIMSIGIITEDNESS. 


DlMSIGHTEDNESS. 


Color-blindness.      Inability  to  distinguish  between  colors. 

Confusion  of  vision.     Indistinctness  of  vision. 

Dimsight.     Obscureness  of  vision. 

Dimsightedness.     The  state  of  having  obscure  sight. 

Distortion.     A  defect  in  seeing. 

Double  sight.     A  condition  of  the  eyes  which  makes  one  see  two 

images. 
Dull  sight.     Indistinct  vision. 
Failing  sight.     Failing  of  the  power  of  seeing. 
Half  sight.     Indistinct  vision. 
Imperfect  vision.     Defective  eyesight. 
Limitations  of  vision.      Defects  of  sight. 
Long  sight.     A  condition  of  the  eyes  which  makes  one  see  things  at  a 

distance  better  than  at  hand. 
Looming.     Indistinct  and  magnified  appearance  of  objects. 
Near  sight.     Vision  of  less  range  than  normal. 
Purblindness.     Near-sightedness. 
Short  sight.     Vision  of  less  range  than  normal. 

Dimsightedness — Denotations. 
Albino.     A  person  with  pink  eyes  which  are  day-blind. 
Apparition.     An  imaginary  object. 
Blinkard.     One  who  blinks. 
Blinker.     Something  to  keep  off  the  light. 
Cast  in  the  eye.     A  twist  of  the  eye. 
Cataract.     Opacity  of  the  crystalline  lens. 
Fallacies  of  vision.      Deceptive  appearances. 
False  light.     A  deceptive  light. 
Ghost.     A  spirit  supposed  to  be  of  a  dead  person. 
Goggle-eyes.     Large,  staring  eyes. 
Ignis  fatuus.     The  will-o'-the-wisp. 
Illusion.     An  imaginary  appearance. 

Lens.     An  instrument  of  glass  for  aiding  or  correcting  sight. 
Magic  lantern.     A  lantern  that  throws  pictures  on  a  screen. 
Magic  mirror.     A  mirror  whose  images  deceive. 
Mirage.     An  optical  effect  showing  images  on  the  clouds. 
Mirror.     A  looking-glass. 

Nystagmus.     A  rapid  involuntary  oscillation  of  the  eyeballs. 
Phantasm.     An  imaginary  appearance. 
Screen.     That  which  cuts  off  the  light. 
Specter.      An  imaginary  appearance. 

Specter  of  the  Brocken.     The  shadow  of  a  person  seen  from  the 
Brocken  Mountain*. 


Squint.      A  defect  of  the  eyes  when  their  axes  are  differently  directed. 

Swivel-eye.     An  eye  that  rolls  in  the  socket. 

Vision.     An  imaginary  appearance. 

Winking.     An  involuntary  movement  of  the  eyelids. 

Dimsightedness — Scientific  Nouns. 
Anamorphosis.     A  distorted  image  which  seems  correct  when  seen  In 

an  anamorphoscope. 
Astigmatic  sight.     Sight  affected  by  astigmatism. 
Astigmatism.     Defect  of  eye  such  that  the  rays  of  light  converge  in  a 

line. 
Chromato-pseudo-blepsis  [I..].     Affection  of  eye  that  «auses  images 

to  be  blurred  by  colors. 
Daltonism.     Color-blindness,  especially  red-blindness. 
Deceptio  visus  [L.].     Deception  of  the  vision. 
Lippitude.     Chronic  ophthalmia,  gummy  eyelids. 
Myopia.     Near-sightedness. 
Nictalopy.     Day-blindness. 
Nictation.     Nervous  involuntary  winking. 
Ophthalmia.     Inflammation  of  the  eye. 
Phantasma.     A  day-dream. 
Phasma.     A  phantasm. 

Presbyopia.     Long-sightedness  incident  to  age. 
Scotomy.     A  defect  in  the  field  of  vision. 
Spectrum.     The  image  of  a  ray  of  light  broken  up  into  its  component 

colors. 
Strabism.     Strabismus. 
Strabismus.     When  the  eyes  turn  inward. 
Virtual  image.     An  image  formed  by  the  imaginary  prolongation  of 

rays. 

Dimsightedness — Verbs. 

Be  dimsighted.     To  have  obscure  sight. 

Blink.     To  wink  the  eyes. 

Dazzle.     To  blind  by  too  much  light. 

Glare.     To  look  fixedly. 

Glower.     To  look  threateningly. 

Have  a  film  over  the  eyes       To  have  a  temporarily  imperfect  sight. 

Have  a  mist  before  the  eye.     To  have  the  sight  clouded. 

Have  a  mote  in  the  eye.     To  have  the  vision  obscured  by  a  speck. 

Look  askance.     To  use  an  indirect  glance. 

Look  askant.     To  look  askance. 

Loom.     To  appear  to  come  gradually  nearer. 

Nictitate.     To  wink  involuntarily. 

Screw  up  the  eyes.     To  close  the  eyelids  partially. 


SIGHT. 


970 


SIGN. 


SIGHT— DIMSIGHTEDNESS— CoK**tt«^. 


See  double.     To  see  two  images. 

See  through  a  glass  darkly.     Not  to  understand  clearly. 

See  through  a  prism.     To  see  in  many  colors. 

Squint.     To  have  the  eyes  out  of  their  normal  position. 

Wink.     To  close  the  eyelids. 

Dimsightedness — Adjectives. 

Astigmatic.     Pertaining  to  astigmatism. 
Blear.     Having  bloodshot  appearance. 
Blear-eyed.     With  bloodshot  eyes. 
J  Blind  as  a  bat.     Very  blind. 
Blind  of  one  eye.     Being  without  sight  in  one  of  the  visual  organs. 


Dimsighted.     Seeing  obscurely. 

Goggle-eyed.     Having  staring  eyes. 

Gooseberry-eyed.     Having  large  round  eyes. 

Half-blind .     Partially  able  to  see . 

Monoculous.     One-eyed. 

Moon-eyed.     Having  an  eye  affected  by  the  moon. 

Mope-eyed.     Short-sighted. 

Myopic.     Near-sighted. 

One-eyed.     Having  one  good  eye. 

Presbyopic.     Long-sighted;  far -sighted. 

Purblind.     Near-sighted. 

Winking.     Closing  and  opening  the  eye  suddenly. 


sight'-less.  Blind;  invisible;  unsightly.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Sight-Blindness,  Visibility-Invisibil- 
ity. 

sight'-ly.     Comely.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

sights.  Objects  seen.  See  sights,  Inquisitiveness- 
Indifference,  Sight-Blindness. 

sight '-see"-ing.     Observation.     Sight-Blindness. 

sight'-se"-er.  A  spectator.  Inquisitiveness-In dif- 
ference, Onlooker. 

sig'-il.     A  seal;  a  sign.     Contract,  Sign. 

sig-moid'-al.     Like  S.     Circle-Winding. 

sign.  To  attest;  a  mark;  an  indication;  a  prodigy; 
to    engage.  Contract,     Evidence-Counterevi- 

dence,  Mark-Obliteration,  Phenomenon,  Por- 
tent, Security,  Sign,  Writing-Printing;  give 
sign  of,  Manifestation-Latency;  make  no  sign, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity;  signs  of  the  times, 
Portent-Warning;  signs  of  the  zodiac,  Universe. 

SIGN. 

Sign — Subjective  Nouns, 

Indication.     The  act  of  pointing  out  or  manifesting. 

Semeiology.     The  science  of  signs;  in  medicine,  the  science  of  the 

symptoms  of  disease. 
Semeiotics.     Semeiology. 
Symbolism.     The  act  of  symbolizing  or  using  types;  representation 

by  symbols. 
Symbolization.     The  act  of  indicating  by  means  of  symbols. 
Telegraphy.     The  art  or  process  of  sending  messages  by  telegraph. 

Sign — Objective  Nouns. 

Address.     A  person's  name  and  place  of  residence. 
Address-card.     A  card  having  an  address  written  on  it. 
Advertisement,  etc.     A  notice  to  the  public,  as  in  a  daily  paper.     See 

Publicity. 
Alarm,  etc.     Anything,  as  a  signal,  indicating  danger.     See  Alarm. 
Alarum.     An  alarm;  an  alarm-clock. 
Ancient.     An  ensign  or  flag;  one  who  bears  a  flag. 
Annotation.     A  commentary  on  any  written  work. 
Armorial  bearings.     Ensigns  armorial  of  a  family  indicating  rank  and 

distinction. 
Arms.     Same  as  armorial  bearings. 

Asterisk.     A  star  (*)  used  by  printers  or  writers  for  reference. 
Attestation.     Subscription  of  a  person  to  a  written  document  to 

witness  its  genuineness. 
Autograph.     Signature  written  by  oneself. 

Autography.     The  process  of  writing  in  facsimile,  as  a  signature. 
Badge.     A  token  or  decoration  indicating  honor,  rank,  etc. 
Balize.     A  sea  beacon  or  landmark  consisting  of  a  raised  pole  or 

frame. 
Bandrol.     A  small  flag,  banner,  or  streamer. 
Banner.     A  suspended  piece  of  cloth  or  other  fabric  bearing  some 

motto  or  device. 
Banneret.     A  title  or  rank  bestowed  for  heroic  deeds. 
Bannerol.     A  banderole;  a  banner  carried  at  funerals  and  placed 

over  the  tomb. 
Battle-cry.     A  cry  of  the  soldiers  on  entering  a  battle  or  fight. 
Beacon.     Any  visible  and  prominent  object  set  on  shores,  etc.,  as  a 

warning  to  mariners. 
Beck.     Indication  of  command,  desire,  or  inquiry  given  by  nodding 

the  head  or  otherwise. 
Bell.     A  hollow  metallic  instrument  which  when  struck  by  a  hammer 

gives  forth  a  sound,  used  for  various  purposes,  as  to  indicate  the 

hour,  etc. 


Bill.  A  statement  from  creditor  to  debtor  indicating  amount  of 
money  due. 

BUlet.  A  ticket  given  by  an  officer  to  a  soldier  indicating  where  to 
lodge. 

Bill-head.     The  heading  on  papers  used  for  bills. 

Blue  light.     A  light  used  as  a  signal  in  military  operations  and  at  sea. 

Blue  peter.  A  blue  flag  having  a  white  square  in  the  center,  used  at 
sea  in  signaling  boats  to  return. 

Brand.     A  trade-mark;  a  mark  of  crime. 

Bugle-call.  A  playing  on  the  bugle  to  order  soldiers  to  advance, 
retreat,  etc. 

Bunting.     Material  used  for  making  flags. 

Burgee.     A  swallow-tailed  flag. 

Byplay.     A  diversion  from  the  main  action  of  a  play. 

Cairn.     A  pile  of  stones  heaped  up  as  a  landmark 

Call.     Any  form  of  summons;  an  instrument  for  giving  a  signal. 

Calumet.  A  pipe  used  by  the  North- American  Indians  for  smoking 
tobacco  at  conferences  as  an  indication  of  peace. 

Card.  A  piece  of  cardboard  bearing  an  address,  advertisement,  pub- 
lished statement,  or  the  like. 

Carte  de  visile  [F.].     A  visiting  card. 

Catchword.  The  last  words  of  an  actor  considered  as  indicating  the 
entrance  of  another  actor. 

Cedilla.     A  mark  indicating  the  soft  sound  of  c. 

Characteristic.  That  which  indicates  distinction  in  features,  char- 
acter,' etc. 

Check.  A  tag  put  on  baggage  so  that  the  owner  may  identify  his 
property;  a  written  order  on  a  bank. 

Chevron.  A  device  like  the  letter  V  worn  by  non-commissioned 
officers. 

Chirology.  The  art  and  practise  of  using  the  hands  in  conversation 
as  the  deaf  and  dumb  do. 

Cipher.     The  character  o,  indicating  zero. 

Clew.     Anything  which  suggests  the  solution  of  difficulty  or  mystery. 

Cloven  hoof.  Figurative  for  a  devilish  character,  Satan  being  dra- 
matically represented  as  having  cloven  hoofs. 

Clue.     A  clew. 

Coat  of  arms.     A  person's  armorial  bearings. 

Cock.     A  contrivance  for  indicating  which  way  the  wind  blows. 

Cockade.  A  badge  usually  worn  on  the  hat  as  an  indication  of  mili- 
tary service. 

Colors.     A  badge,  flag,  or  ensign. 

Counter.  A  piece  of  wood  or  other  substance  used  for  counting,  as 
in  games. 

Counterfoil.  Part  of  a  tally,  formerly  in  the  exchequer,  in  the 
keeping  of  an  officer  of  that  court,  the  other  part,  called  the  stock, 
being  in  the  possession  of  the  person  who  had  lent  the  king  money 
on  that  account. 

Countermark.  A  mark  in  addition  to  those  already  existing,  in 
order  to  give  security. 

Countersign.  A  private  word  or  phrase  known  only  to  partizans. 
a  watchword. 

Credentials,  etc.  Certificates  showing  that  a  person  is  invested  with 
the  authority  claimed  by  him.     See  Evidence. 

Cresset.  A  frame  or  vessel  filled  with  combustible  material  and 
mounted  to  serve  as  a  beacon. 

Crest.  The  ornament  on  a  helmet  which  distinguishes  and  indicates 
the  rank  of  the  wearer. 

Criterion.  A  test  by  which  is  determined  the  correctness  of  a  con- 
clusion. 

Cry.     Call;  a  party  watchword. 

Cue.     A  catchword. 

Cynosure.     An  object  which  attracts  the  attention  of  everybody 

Dactylology.     The  use  of  the  finger-alphabet. 

Dactylonomy.     Art  of  counting  with  the  fingers. 

Dash.  A  mark  used  in  punctuation  to  indicate  a  sudden  break,  stop 
or  transition  in  a  sentence,  etc. 

Device.  A  fanciful  design  used  to  indicate  the  historical  situation  ot 
the  desire  of  the  person  who  adopts  it. 


SIGN. 


971 


SIGX. 


Diagnostic,     A  symptom  which  indicates  the  nature  of  a  disease. 

Directing  post.     A  post  used  to  indicate  direction. 

Direction.     A  prescription  or  order  giving  authoritative  instruction; 

an  address 
Divining-rod.     A  rod,  commonly  of  witch-hazel,  used    by   certain 

persons  to  indicate  the  position  of  water  or  metals  under  ground. 
Docket.     A  calendar  indicating  the  cases  to  be  called  at  any  time  of 

court. 
Dot.     A  point,  in  music,  put  after  a  rest  or  note  to  make  that  note  or 

rest  half  as  long  again. 
Dumb  show.     A  form  of  communication  consisting  of  signs  and 

gestures. 
Duplicate.     A  copy;  a  transcript. 
Eagle.     The  national  emblem  of  the  United  States. 
Emblem.     A  typical  designation. 

Endorsement   (Writing  on  the  back  of  a  note  or  paper  to  make  it 
Indorsement  *1      va^d  *°r  transference,  to  secure  the  payment  of 

I     a  note,  draft,  and  the  like. 
Ensign.     A  flag  or  banner  indicating  distinction. 
Epaulet.     A  shoulder-strap  worn  by  an  officer. 
Epigraph.     An  inscription  carved  in  a  stone  to  indicate  whom  the 

stone  memorializes;   the  superscription  to  a  chapter  or  a  book. 
Escutcheon.     The  surface  on  which  armorial  bearings  are  displayed. 
Exponent.     In  algebra,  a  symbol  indicating  a  power. 
Exposition,  etc.     An  explanation  or  interpretation  of  the  meaning  of 

something.     See  Interpretation. 
Favor.     A  token  of  respect  or  regard. 

Feature.     The  cast  or  appearance  of  the  human  face;  a  marked  char- 
acteristic. 
Fiery  cross.     A  cross   constructed  of   two   firebrands,  formerly,  in 

Scotland,  carried  by  a  runner  as  a  signal  for  the  clan  to  take  up 

arms. 
Figure.     A  representation  of  the  form  of  a  person  or  object. 
Figurehead.     An  image  on  the  prow  of  a  vessel  indicating  directly 

or  emblematically  the  name  of  the  vessel. 
Finger-post.     A  guide-post  having  on  it  an  index  finger. 
Flag.     A  cloth  bearing  some  device  used  to  indicate  nationality, 

party,  etc. 
Flagstaff.     A  pole  on  which  a  flag  is  raised. 
Fool's  cap.     A  cap  with  bells  worn  by  professional  jesters. 
Footfall.     A  footstep  by  which  one  recognizes  a  person. 
Freemasonry.     The  institutions  of  Freemasons;  hence,  sympathy  and 

community  of  interests. 
Gage,  etc.     A  standard  measurement.      See  Mensuration. 
Garland.     A  wreath  of  flowers,   leaves,  etc.,  used  as  a  token  of 

victory  or  joy. 
Gesticulation.     Movement  of  the  body  or  some  part  of  the  body  to 

illustrate  speech. 
Gesture.     Motion,  especially  of  the  hands,  indicative  or  expressive 

of  some  idea  or  emotion. 
Glance.     A  quick  or  passing  look  indicative  of  surprise,  anger,  etc. 
Gonfalon.     A   flag  which  hangs  from  a  crosspiece  instead  of  from 

a  staff  or  mast. 
Guide.     One  who  or  that  which  points  out  the  way. 
Guide-board.     Board  showing  distances  and  directions  to  places. 
Guide-post.     A  post  with  a  board  bearing  directions  for  travelers, 

usually  erected  at  the  joining  of  highways. 
Guidon.     Guide-flag  carried  by  cavalry. 
Hall-mark.     In  the  United  Kingdom,  the  official  stamp  of  the  assay 

offices  on  gold  and  silver  articles  attesting  their  purity. 
Hand.     The  pointer  of  a  clock. 
Hand-post.     A  guide-post. 

Handwriting.     The  form  of  writing  peculiar  to  any  person. 
Hatchment.     Armorial   bearings   of   a   deceased   person  indicating 

rank,  sex,  etc. 
Heading.     A  title  of  a  chapter,  etc. 
Headlight.     A  light  at  a  locomotive's  front  to  light  up  the  track  at 

night. 
Heraldry.     A  coat  of    arms  indicative  of  rank,  dignity,  etc.;  also, 

the  art  of  blazoning  armorial  bearings. 
Hint,  etc.     An  indirect  allusion.     See  Enlightenment. 
Impress.     Stamp;  characteristic. 

Impression.     A  mark  or  stamp  indicating  influence  from  without. 
Imprint.     That  part  of  the  title-page  of  a  book  which  gives  the  pub- 
lisher s  name  with  the  time  and  place  of  issue;  an  impress  or  mark. 
Index.     Anything  used  to  indicate;    an  alphabetical  list  of  subjects 

discussed  in  a  book. 
Indicator.     One  who  or  that  which  indicates;   an  instrument  so  con- 
trived as  to  indicate  the  position  or  condition  of  something,  as  the 

amount  of  steam  in  a  boiler. 
Indice.     Index. 
Insignia.     Bad^s,   etc.,  used  by  societies  to  indicate  official  dis- 

tincti-m. 
Italics.      Kind  of  type  in  which  the  letters  slope  toward  the  right- 

used  to  indicate  emphasis,  importance,  etc. 


Jack.     A  national  flag  showing  the  canton  or  union,  not  the  fly. 

Jotting.     Brief  annotation. 

Key.     That  which  discloses  or  opens  something. 

Knocker.     Kind  of  door-bell. 

Labarum.     An  ecclesiastical  banner;  a  moral  guide. 

Label.     A  slip,  as  of  paper,  attached  to  an  article  and  bearing  an 

inscription  to  indicate  its  contents,  character,  etc. 
Landmark.     A  fixed  object  serving  to  indicate  the  boundary  of  a 

tract  of  land. 
Leer.     A  sly  oblique  look  expressive  of  sinister  or  lustful  intent. 
Letter.     A  character  used  to  represent  a  sound;  a  written  statement 

to  identify  or  introduce  a  person. 
Lighthouse.     A  tower  or  the  like  bearing  a  lamp  on  the  top  and 

erected  on  a  shoal,  etc.,  to  guide  seamen  by  night. 
Line.     A  mark  drawn  by  a  pen  or  pencil  to  indicate  division. 
Lineament.     A  characteristic  mark  or  line;  a  feature. 
Livery.     A  dress  distinguishing  any  organization. 
Loadstar.  I    .       ... 
Lodestar./  A  guiding  star. 

Love-knot.     A  knot  tied  by  lovers  in  pledge  of  constancy. 
Mark.     A  character  for  identification;     a   number   to  indicate   a 

student's  grade;   an  object  serving  to  indicate  the  way;   a  guide; 

a  badge. 
Means  of  recognition.     That  which  serves  to  indicate  identity. 
Mile-post.     A  post,  or  one  of  a  series  of  posts,  set  up  at  a  roadside  to 

indicate  distance  from  a  given  point. 
Mile-stone.     A  stone  set  up  for  the  same  purpose  as  a  mile-post. 
Mot  de  guerre  [F  ].     A  watchword. 
Mot  de  passe  [F.J     A  password. 
Motto.     An  expressive  word  or  pithy  sentence  suggestive  of  some 

guiding  principle. 
Name.     The  distinctive  appellation  by  which  a  person  or  thing  is 

indicated  or  pointed  out. 
Nick.     One  of  a  series  of  slight  cuts,  as  in  a  stick,  to  indicate  a  score 

or  tally. 
Nod.     A  quick  forward  and  downward  motion  of  the  head  indicative 

of  assent,  friendly  salutation,  drowsiness,  etc. 
Notch.     A  nick,  as  in  a  stick,  to  record  a  score  or  tally. 
Note.     A  mark  or  sign  used  to  indicate  or  call  attention  to  some- 
thing. 
Notification,  etc.     See  sub  Information.     Notice  given  in  writing  or 

by  signs.     See  Enlightenment. 
Nudge.     A  gentle  push,  as  with  the  elbow,  in  order  to  call  attention 

or  convey  intimation. 
Omen,  etc.     A  prophetic  sign.     See  Port2NT. 
Open  sesame.     A  magical  conjuration  by  which  secret  doors  are 

opened  and  entrance  gained;  as  to  the  robbers'  cave  of  the  forty 

thieves  in  the  Arabian  Nights, 
Oiiflamme.      The  ancient  royal  ensign  of  France;    any  royal  banner. 
Pantomime.     A  series  of  gestures  or  postures  employed  to  express 

ideas  or  convey  information. 
Paraph.     A  flourish  with  the  pen  at  the  end  of  a  signature,  used  in 

the  Middle  Ages  as  a  safeguard  against  forgery. 
Passe-parole  [F.].     A  password. 

Password.     A  word  to  be  given  by  a  person  before  he  may  pass. 
Pattern,  etc.     Something  used  as  a  copy.     See  Copy-Model. 
Pendant.     A  naval  flag. 

Pennant.     A  small  flag  used  chiefly  on  naval  vessels. 
Pennon.    A  small  swallow-tailed  flag  borne  by  a  knight  of  the  Middle 

Ages  on  his  lance  and  displaying  his  personal  device. 
Pharos.     A  lighthouse  or  beacon. 
Pillars  of  Hercules.     Two  hills  on  opposite  sides  of  the  Straits  of 

Gibraltar;  figuratively,  used  to   indicate  the    boundary   of    the 

world. 
Point.     Any  mark  to  indicate  punctuation;  in  printing,  a  period. 
Pointer.     One  who  or  that  which  points,  as  a  hand  on  a  clock. 
Pole-star.     The  brilliant  star,  near  the  north  pole,  which  guides  the 

mariner. 
Post.     The  place  where  anything  is  stopped,  placed,  or  fixed. 
Posy.     A  sentiment  in  poetry;   especially  a  motto  on  a  ring. 
Prefigurement,   etc.     Representation   by   types,    figures,   etc.     See 

Prophecy. 
Print.     The  impression  taken  from  type. 

Proof,  etc.      Conclusive  evidence;   convincing  argument.    See  Trial. 
Rallying  cry.     A  battle-cry  to  reunite   scattering  or    downhearted 

soldiers. 
Record,  etc.      An  authorized  register  of  past  achievements,  personal 

history,  etc.     See  Mark. 
Red  letter.     A  letter  used  in  old  calendars  to  mark  the  saints*  days. 
Representation,  etc.     Anything  which  serves  as  a  sign  or  symbol,  etc. 

See  Delineation. 
Reveille.     Beat  of  drums  at  daybreak,  after  which  the  sentries  do  not 

challenge. 
Rocket.     An  artificial  firework  which  is  projected  through  the  air  for 

various  purposes,  as  for  signaling 


SIGN. 


972 


SIGN. 


Scent.     The  odor  left  by  an  animal  on  the  ground,  which  indicates, 

as  to  a  dog,  the  course  of  pursuit. 
Sceptre,  etc.     A  baton  carried  by  a  sovereign  indicative  of  authority, 

etc.     See  Scbpter. 
Score.     A  notch  or  mark  made  for  the  purpose  of  account. 
Scratch.     In  athletics,  the  line  from  which  contestants  start. 
Scutcheon.     Escutcheon. 
Seal.     An  instrument  lor  making  an  impression,  as  on  wax  or  wafer, 

also,  the  impression  made;    any  mark  or  substance  affixed  to  a 

document  to  iadicate  that  it  is  authentic  or  must  not  be  tampered 

with. 
Seamark.     Any  elevated  object  on  land  which  serves  as  a  beacon  to 

mariners. 
Semaphore.     An  apparatus  for  giving  signals  by  the  use  of  lanterns, 

flags,  etc. 
Shibboleth.     A  party  cry  or  watchword. 

Shield.     A  piece  of  defensive  armor,  commonly  carried  on  the  arm. 
Shrug.     A  drawing  up  of  the  shoulders  in  a  sudden  movement  indica- 
tive of  dislike,  dread,  doubt,  or  the  like. 
Sigil.     A  seal  or  signature. 
Sign.     An   action    indicative  of   thought,  desire,   or  command;    a 

board    plate,  or  the  like,  generally  containing  an  inscription  and 

used  to  indicate  a  place  of  business,  etc. 
Signal.     A  sign   used  for  conveying  information,  especially  at   a 

distance. 
Signal-post.     A  post  for  displaying  signals. 
Signature.     A  person's  name  in  his  own  handwriting  written  as  a 

sign  of  agreement  or  acknowledgment. 
Sign-board.    A  board  placed  on  or  before  a  shop,  office,  etc.,  on  which 

some  notice  is  written. 
Signet.     A  seal;  in  England,  one  of  the  royal  seals. 
Sign  manual.     In  England,  the  royal  signature  written  at  the  top  of 

state  papers. 
Sign-post.     A  post  on  which  a  sign  is  suspended. 
Staff.     A  stick  used  as  an  emblem  of  authority. 
Stamp.     An  official  mark  or  device  required  by  law  to  be  affixed  to 

certain  papers  as  an  indication  that  the  government  dues  are  paid. 
Standard.     That  which  is  established  by  authority  as  a  measure  of 

extent,  quality,  quantity,  or  value. 
Stars  and  Stripes.     Popular  term  for  the  flag  of  the  United  States. 
Streak.     A  long,  irregular  mark,  line,  or  stripe;  a  not  very  marked 

trait. 
Streamer.     A  flag  ensign,  etc.,  which  floats  in  the  wind. 
Stripe.     A  regular  streak,  marked  quality  or  character. 
Stroke.     A  mark  or  line  made  by  one  movement  of  an  instrument, 

as  a  pencil. 
Sublineation.     A  mark  of  a  line  or  lines  under  a  word  to  indicate  its 

importance,  emphatic  position,  etc. 
Superscription.     An  address  on  a  letter. 
Supporters.     Figures  of  living  objects  placed  on  either  side  of  an 

escutcheon. 
Tally.     A  score  or  mark;  a  mark  used  to  indicate  tale  or  number. 
Telegraph.     An  apparatus  for  transmitting  signals  or  messages. 
Telltale.     A  device  for  giving  information,  as  a  watchman's  clock. 
Tessera.     A  small  piece  of  wood,  bone,  or  the  like,  used  as  a  ticket  of 

admission  to  theaters  in   ancient  Rome  and  for  various  other 

purposes. 
■fest,  etc      Criterion,  etc.     See  Trial. 
Tick.     A  mark  employed  in  checking  off  something. 
Ticket.     A  card  with  writing  on  it  indicating  that  the  holder  is 

entitled  to  something. 
Tilde.     A  diacritical  sign  used  in  writing  the  Spanish  language. 
Title.     An  inscription  serving  as  a  name  for  designating  something, 

as  a  literary  production. 
Token      A  sign;  indication. 
Totem.     An  emblem  used  by  savages. 
Touch.     That  which  serves  as  a  test. 
Trace.     A  mark  or  impression  which  indicates  the  passage  of  any 

person  or  thing. 
Trade-mark.     A  symbol,  mark,  etc.,  used,  as  by  merchants,  to  desig- 
nate and  distinguish  goods. 
Trait.     A  characteristic  feature  or  quality. 

Tricolor.     A  flag  of  three  colors;  the  national  standard  of  France. 
Trophy,  etc.     Something  taken  from  an  enemy  and  treasured  up  in 

proef  of  victory,  etc.     See  Trophy. 
Trumpet-call.     A  call  by  the  sound  of  the  trumpet. 
Type.     Something  that  indicates  or  is  emblematic. 
Underlining.      Marking  with  a  line  underneath. 
Uniform.     A  distinguishing  dress  worn  by  persons  of  some  body  or 

rank. 
Union  jack.      A  flag,  containing  the  union,  but  not  the  fly. 
Vane.     A  flag  or  thin  plate  turning  with  the  wind  and  indicating  its 

direction 
Varvel.      A  metal  ring  bearing  the  owner  s  name  attached  to  the 

jesses  of  a  hawk. 


Vexillum.     A  standard  used  by  the  Romans;  often  a  battle  signal. 
Visiting  card.     A  small  card  used  in  visiting,  which  bears  the  name, 

and  sometimes  the  address,  of  the  person  presenting  it. 
Voucher.    A  book,  paper,  or  document  that  serves  to  attest  an  alleged 

act,  as  to  attest  the  receipt  of  money,  one  who  vouches  for  another. 
Warning,  etc.     Indication  of  danger,  etc.     See  Warning. 
Watchfire.     A  fire  kindled  at  night  as  a  signal. 
Watchtower.     A  tower  on  which  a  sentinel  is  placed  to  look  out  fof 

the  approach  of  danger. 
Watchword.     A  password. 
Weathercock.     A  vane. 
Wink.     A  hint  given  by  winking. 
Witness.     One  who  or  that  which  gives  evidence. 
Word  of  command.     An  order. 
Zeitgeist  [G.J     The  spirit  of  the  time. 

Sign — Verbs* 
Argue.     Bring  forth  reasons  for  or  against,  debate 
Attest.     Confirm,  as  by  a  signature  or  oath. 
Beck.     Give  a  signal  by  nodding,  moving  hand,  etc. 
Beckon.     Call  by  gesture ;  make  a  mute  signal. 
Betoken.     To  be  an  indication  of. 
Chalk.     Mark  with  chalk  to  indicate  something. 
Connotate.     Indicate  as  additional. 
Connote.     Indicate;    enlarge  the  definition  of  a  word;  descriptive 

qualities. 
Bash.     Erase  by  a  dash  or  stroke. 
Denote.     Mark  out  plainly  or  indicate  the  objects  to  which  a  word 

may  be  applied. 
Docket.     Indorse,  put  a  tag  on. 
Dot.     Mark  or  indicate  by  a  dot  or  dots. 

Earmark.     Crop  or  slit  the  ear,  as  of  sheep,  for  identification. 
Engrave.     Represent  by  means  of  incisions  or  inscriptions  on  wood, 

stone,  etc. 
Gesticulate.     Illustrate  by  gestures. 
Glance.     Indicate  or  hint  by  a  quick  or  passing  look. 
Impress.     Mark  by  pressure. 
Imprint.     Mark  or  stamp  by  pressure  or  by  means  of  type,  plate 

stamps,  etc. 
Indicate.     Show,   point  out,  suggest. 
Label.     Mark  with  a  label. 

Leer.     Look  obliquely,  with  malicious,  lustful,  or  equivocal  intent. 
Mark.     Put  a  mark  on  as  an  indication  of  something. 
Nod.     Indicate  or  signify  by  a  nod. 

Note.     Set  down  in  writing  for  future  reference,  denote,   designate. 
Nudge.     Touch  or  push  gently,  as  with  the  elbow,  in  order  to  attract 

attention. 
Print.     Take  the  impression  from  type. 
Represent.     Serve  as  a  sign  or  symbol  of. 
Score.     Mark  with  a  cut  or  cuts  as  in  wood;  keep  tally  of. 
Seal.     Put  a  seal  on  to  indicate  verification  or  authenticity. 
Shrug.     Draw  up  the  shoulders  to  indicate  dislike,  surprise,  doubt, 

etc. 
Sign.     Affix  one's  signature  to,  mark. 
Signalize.     Signal  or  make  signals. 
Spot.     Mark  for  recognition. 
Stamp.     Put  a  stamp  on.     See  Nouns. 
Stereotype.     Make  stereotype  plates  for. 
Symbolize.     Use  symbols. 

Testify,  etc.     Serve  as  evidence,  give  testimony,  etc.     See  Evidence. 
Ticket.     Put  a  ticket  on  for  identification. 
Trace.     Search  out  proofs  or  indications. 

Typify,  etc.     Indicate  by  a  type,  be  a  type  of,  etc.     See  Prophecy* 
Underline,  etc.     Draw  a  line  underneath  to  indicate  importance,  etc., 

as  to  underline  a  word,  etc.     See  Consequence. 
Wink.     Make  a  sign  by  drawing  the  eyelids  together. 

Sign — Verbal  Expressions. 
Bear  the  impress  of,  etc.  (see  Nouns);  beat  the  drum;  be  the  sign 
of,  etc.  (see  Nouns),  call  attention  to,  etc.  (see  Heed),  give  an 
alarm;  give  a  signal;  give  notice,  etc.  (see  Enlightenment),  give 
the  cue,  etc.  (see  Enlightenment),  hang  out  a  banner,  etc.  (see 
Nouns),  hang  out  a  signal;  hoist  a  banner,  etc  (see  Nouns),  hold 
up  the  finger;  hold  up  the  hand ;  make  a  sign,  etc.  (see  Nouns),  put 
a  mark;  put  an  indication ;  raise  a  cry;  raise  the  finger;  raise  the 
hand;  saw  the  air;  show  one's  colors;  sound  an  alarm;  sound  the 
trumpets;  stand  for;  suit  the  action  to  the  word;  tip  the  wink; 
unfurl  a  banner,  etc.  (see  Nouns);  wave  a  banner,  etc.  (see  Nouns); 
wave  a  kerchief;  wave  the  hand. 

Si  G  n —  A  djectives . 
Armorial.     Relating  to  heraldry 
Characteristic.     Distinguishing;  marking. 

Connotative.      Implying  something  added  to  a  definition,  so  that  it 
will  apply  to  fewer  objects. 


SIGN. 


973 


SIMPER. 


Demonstrative.     Having  the  power  to  indicate. 

Denotable ,     Capable  of  being  indicated. 

Denotative.  Marking  off ,  designating  objects  to  which  a  definition 
is  to  apply. 

Diacritical.     That  distinguishes;  distinctive. 

Diagnostic.     Indicating  the  nature  of  a  disease. 

Emblematic.     Serving  as  a  sign  or  emblem. 

Exponential.     Relating  to  exponents. 

Indelible.     That  cannot  be  removed  or  blotted  out. 

Indicated,  etc.     Pointed  out,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Indicating,  etc.     Marking  out,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Indicative.     Pointing  out;  giving  intimation. 

Indicatory.     Serving  to  show;  indicating. 

Individual,  etc.  Indicating  singleness,  etc.  See  Universality- Par- 
ticularity. 

Known  by.     Indicated  or  distinguished  by. 

Marked.     Designated;  indicated. 

Pantomimic.     Representing  by  dumb  show. 

Pathognomonic.     Indicating  a  disease  with  certainty. 

Pointed.  Marked  by  a  point  or  points,  as  to  designate  the  pauses  in 
a  sentence. 

Recognizable  by.  Capable  of  being  recognized  by,  as  by  a  mark  or 
sign. 

Representative.     Indicative  of  a  class. 

Symbolic.     Indicating  by  a  symbol. 

Symptomatic.  Indicating  the  existence  of  something  other  than 
itself. 

Typical.     Representing  something  by  a  sign,  model,  form,  etc. 

Sign — Adverbs,  etc. 
In  dumb  show.     By  means  of  pantomime. 
In  token  of.     As  a  sign  of. 
Symbolically,  etc.     By  means  of  symbols,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Sign — Phrases. 

Ecce  signum  [L.].     Behold  the  sign!  here  is  the  proof. 

Ex  pede  Herculem    [L.].     We  recognize  a  Hercules  from  the  foot; 

that  is,  we  judge  of  the  whole  from  the  specimen. 
Ex  ungue  leonem  [L.].     The  Hon  is  recognized  by  his  claw. 
Vlitoile  du  Nord  [F.j.     The  North  Star. 
Vide  ut  supra  [L.].     See  what  is  given  above. 
Vultus  ariete  fortior  [L.].     Valor  is  stronger  than  the  battering-ram. 

sig'-nal.  Remarkable;  sign.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Magnitude-Smallness,  Sign;  give  the 
signal,  Order;  signal  of  distress,  Alarm. 

sig'-nal-ize.  To  make  noteworthy.  Reputation,  Sign, 
Solemnization. 

sig'-nal-ly.     Greatly.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

sig'-nal-post" .  Post  from  which  signals  are  displayed. 
Sign,  Warning. 

sig'-na-ture.  Name;  mark.  Contract,  Evidence- 
Counterevidence,  Mark-Obliteration,  Security, 
Sign,  Writing-Printing. 

sign'-board" .     Board  giving  directions.     Sign. 

sig'-net.  Seal.  Contract,  Scepter,  Sign;  writer  to 
the  signet,  Advocate. 

sig-nif '-i-cance .  Expressiveness;  importance.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Meaning-Jargon. 

sig-nif'-i-cant.  Important.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance. 

sig"-nif-i-ca'-tion.  That  which  is  signified.  Meaning- 
Jargon. 

sig-nif  i-ca-tive.     Symbolical.     Meaning-Jargon. 

sig-nif'-i-ca-to"-ry.  Having  significance.  Meaning- 
Jargon. 

sig'-ni-fies.  Amounts  to.  What  signifies,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance. 

sig'-ni-fy.  To  mean.  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Enlightenment -Secrecy,  Meaning- Jargon, 

Prophecy. 

sign  man'-u-al.  Signature.  Sign,  Writing-Publi- 
cation. 

signo  spes  mea,  in  hoc  [L.]  (sig'-no  spiz  mi'-a,  in  hoc). 
In  this  sign  is  my  hope.  Sanguineness-Hopeless- 
ness.     " 

signo  vinces,in  hoc  [L.]  (sig'-no,  vin'-siz,  in  hoc).  In 
this  sign  thou  wilt  conquer.  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness. 


si'-gnor.     Sir.     Title. 

sign'-paint"-er.     One  who  paints  signs.     Artist. 

sign'-paint"-ing.     Delineation-Caricature. 

sign'-post".     Post  supporting  a  sign-board.     Sign. 

signum,  ecce  [L.]  (sig'-num,  ec'-si).  Behold  the  sign. 
Sign. 

sike.     Rill.     River-Wind. 

si'-lence.  To  refute;  quietness.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Manifestation-Latency-,  Might-Impo- 
tence, Movement-Rest,  Proof-Disproof,  Sound- 
Silence,  Success-Failure,  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity, Vocalization-Muteness. 

silence  du  peuple  est  la  le$on  des  rois,  le  [F.]  (si-lcurs'  du 
pupl  6  la  le-son''  d£  rwa,  le).  The  silence  of  the 
people  is  the  lesson  of  kings.  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion, Warning. 

si'-lent.  Still.  Movement-Rest,  Talkativeness- 
Taciturnity,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

silentio,  sub  [L.]  (si-len'-shi-o,  sub).  In  silence.  Vocal- 
ization-Muteness. 

si'-lent-ly.  In  a  silent  manner.  Heed-Disregard, 
Manifestation-Latency,  Sound-Silence. 

sil"-hou-ette' .     Picture.     Outline,  Painting. 

sil'-i-ca.     Chemical  substance.     Chemistry. 

sil'-i-quose.     Like  a  pod.     Contents-Receiver. 

silk.  Cloth.  Hardness-Softness,  Smoothness- 
Roughness;  make  a  silk  purse  out  of  a  sow's  ear, 
Possibility-Impossibility;  silk  gown,  Advocate. 

silk'-en.  Made  of  or  like  silk.  Smoothness-Rough- 
ness. 

silk'-en  re-pose'.     Soft  rest.     Toil-Relaxation. 

silk'-i-ness.  The  qualities  of  silk.  Moderation. 
Selfindulgence. 

silk'-y.     Like  silk.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

sill.     Foundation.     Suspension-Support. 

sil'-li-ness.  State  or  quality  of  being  silly.  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 

sil'-ly.  Simple.  Credulousness-Skepticism,  Sagac 
ity-Incapacity,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

silt.     Dirt.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

sil'-ver.  Bright;  gray;  coin;  metal.  Chemistry, 
Gray-Brown,  Light-Darkness,  Money,  White- 
ness-Blackness; bait  with  a  silver  hook,  Motive- 
Caprice;  silver  lining  of  the  cloud,  Sanguineness- 
Hopelessness. 

sil'-ver-toned".     Clear.     Melody-Dissonance. 

sil'-ver-y.  Containing  or  resembling  silver,  in  luster, 
hue,  or  sound.  Gray-Brown,  Melody-Dissonance, 
Whiteness-Blackness. 

simagree  [F.]  (si-ma-gre') .  Grimace.  Society-Affec- 
tation. 

sim'-i-lar.     Like.     Synonym-Antonym. 

sim"-i-lar'-i-ty.  Likeness.  Division,  Likeness- 
Unlikeness;  similarity  of  form,  Form-Formless- 
ness. 

sim'-i-le.  Rhetorical  figure.  Comparison,  Likeness- 
Unlikeness,  Rhetoric,  Trope. 

similibus,et  sic  de  [L.]  (sim-il'-i-bus,  et  sic  di).  And 
so  of  the  like.     Likeness-Unlikeness. 

si-mil'-i-tude.  Resemblance.  Comparison,  Copy- 
Model,  Likeness-Unlikeness. 

sim'-mer.  To  boil.  Agitation,  Excitation,  Heai- 
Cold,  Heating-Cooling. 

sim'-mer-ing.  Boiling.  Excitability-Inexcitabil- 
ity. 

Si'-mon.  Credulous  person.  Simple  Simon,  Gull-De- 
ceiver. 

Si'-mon  Pure.  The  genuine  or  true.  Truth-Er- 
ror. 

Si'-mon  Sty-li'-tes.     An  ascetic.    Sociability-Privacy. 

si-moom'.     A  hot  wind.     Heat-Cold,  River- Wind. 

sim'-o-ny.     Traffic.     Law-Lawlessness. 

sim'-per.  Smirk.  Jubilation-Lamentation,  Soci- 
ety-Affectation. 


SIMPLE. 


974 


SIMPLICITY— FLORIDNESS. 


sim'-ple.  Credulous;  pure;  easy.  Craft-Artless- 
ness,  Credulousness  -  Skepticism,  Embellish- 
ment -  Simplicity,  Magnitude  -  Smallness,  Mix- 
ture-Homogeneity, Remedy-Bane,  Sagacity-In- 
capacity, Simplicity-Floridness;  simple  meaning, 
Interpretation  -  Misinterpretation,  Meaning- 
Jargon. 

Sim'-ple  Si'-mon.    Credulous  person.    Gull-Deceiver. 

sim'-ple-heart"-ed.  Frank.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 


sim'-ple-ness.  The  quality  of  being  simple.  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Mixture-Homogeneity. 

sim'-ple-ton.     Silly  person.     Sage-Fool. 

simplex  mundiliis  [L.]  (sim'-plex  mun-dish'-i-is).  Of 
simple  elegance.     Embellishment-Simplicity. 

sim-plic'-t-ty.  ""  Simpleness.  Embellishment-Sim- 
plicity, Nature-Art,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Sim- 
plicity-Floridness. 


SIMPLICITY-FLORIDNESS. 


Plainness.     The  state  of  being  plain.     See  Adjectives. 

Severity.     Exactness;  strictness. 

Simplicity.     State  of  being  simple  or  not  complex. 

Simplicity — Denotations. 
Household  words.     Words  most  commonly  used. 
PI  '     t    me      J  language  that  may  be  readily  understood. 
Saxon  English.     Pure  idiomatic  English. 

Simplicity — Verbs. 
Call  a  spade  "a  spade."     To  speak  in  plain,  unequivocal  terms. 
Come  to  the  point.     To  speak  directly. 

Plunge  in  medias  res  [L.].     To  plunge  into  the  midst  of  things;  to 
begin  the  story  or  discussion  at  once  without  introduction. 

Simplicity — Adjectives. 
Chaste.     Free  from  barbarisms  or  vulgarisms:  simple. 
Dry.     Void  of  that  which  interests  or  amuses ;  plain. 
Homely.     Unpolished;  plain. 
Homespun.     Simple  or  plain  in  style. 

Monotonous,  etc.     "Wanting  in  change  or  variety,  etc.     See  Force- 
Weakness. 
Neat.     Free  from  that  which  is  unbecoming  or  inappropriate. 
Plain.     Without  ornament  or  embellishment. 
Pure.     Unmixed;  clear;  simple. 
Saxon.     Pertaining  to  the  Anglo-Saxon  language. 
Severe      Rigidly  adherent  to  a  standard. 
Simple.     Clear;  direct. 
Unadorned.     Not  adorned. 
Unornamented.     Plain. 
Unvaried.     Monotonous. 
Unvarnished.     Without  embellishment. 

Simplicity — Adverbs,  etc. 
In  common  parlance.     In  simple  diction  or  phrase. 
In  plain  English. \ 

In  plain  terms.      >  In  simplest  and  most  direct  language. 
In  plain  words.     J 
Point-blank.     In  a  plain  or  direct  manner. 


FLORIDNESS — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Fustian.     Pompous;  inflated. 

Grandiloquent.     Speaking  in  pompous  language. 

Grandiose.     Marked  by  affectation  of  grandeur. 

High-flowing.     Extravagant. 

High-flown.     Bombastic. 

High-sounding.     Ostentatious. 

Inflated.     Puffed  up;  pompous. 

Johnsonian.     Resembling  the  style  of  Dr.  Johnson;  pompous. 

Magniloquent.     Speaking  in  a  lofty  style. 

Mouthy.     Loquacious. 

Ornamented.     Decorated.     See  Verbs. 

Ornate.     Finely  finished;  polished. 

Pedantic.     Affectedly  learned. 

Pompous.     Showy ,  boastful. 

Rhetorical.     Exhibiting  rhetoric ;  figurative. 

Rich.     Highly  ornate ;  abounding  in  beauty. 

Sententious.     Terse  and  pithy  in  expression. 

Sesquipedal.     Measuring  a  foot  and  a  half ;  applied  to  long  words. 

Sesquipedalian.     Using  very  long  words. 

Sonorous.     High-sounding. 

Stilted .     Pompous . 

Swelling.     Inflated;  puffed  up. 

Tumid.     High-sounding;  pompous. 

Turgescent.     Becoming  inflated. 

Turgid.     Vainly  ostentatious. 

Floridness — Adverbs,  etc. 
Or*  rotunda  [L.j.     With  round  mouth ;  with  swelling  eloquence. 


Altiloquence.     Lofty  speech.     See  Adjectives. 

Declamation.  Rhetorical  delivery ;  noisy  or  bombastic  public  speak- 
ing. 

Elegance,  etc.  The  quality  of  being  elegant;  fine  polish,  etc.  See 
Purity. 

Floridness.     The  state  of  being  rhetorically  embellished. 

Ornament.     That  which  embellishes  or  contributes  to  the  beauty  of. 

Teratology.     Affectation  of  sublimity. 

Turgescence.     Empty  pompousness. 

Turgidity.     The  quality  of  being  turgid. 

Well-rounded  periods.     Highly  rhetorical  language. 

Floridness — Denotations. 

Alexandrine,     A  kind  of  English  verse  consisting  of  twelve  syllables. 

Alliteration.  The  recurrence  of  the  same  sound  at  the  beginning  of 
successive  words  or  at  short  intervals. 

Antithesis.  A  contrast  of  words  or  sentiments  occurring  in  the  same 
sentence. 

Big-sounding  words.     Arrogant  or  pompous  speech. 

Bombast.     Extravagant  language  on  unimportant  subjects. 

Euphemism.  A  figure  of  speech  in  which  a  mild  term  is  put  for  some- 
thing disagreeable. 

Figurative ness.     Abundance  of  figures  of  speech.    See  Trope. 

Fine  writing.     Writing  expressing  refinement  or  cultivation. 

Flourish.     Language  used  for  display  or  ornament. 

Flowers  of  rhetoric.  1  p;  of  h 

Flowers  of  speech.    ) 

Fustian.     An  inflated  style  of  speaking  or  writing. 

High-sounding  words.     Arrogant  and  pompous  expressions. 

Inflation.     Bombastic  or  conceited  speech. 

Inversion.  The  placing  of  words  before  their  subjects  for  the  pur- 
pose of  emphasis. 

Macrology.     A  superfluity  of  words. 

Minerva  Press.  A  printing  house  in  London  in  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury, noted  for  the  publication  of  sentimental  novels. 

Paronomasia.     A  play  on  words. 

Pretension.     Affectation  in  speaking  or  writing. 

Prose  run  mad.     A  poetical  style  of  writing. 

Rant.     Bombastic  or  windy  declaratory  talking, 

Sesquipedalia  verba  [L.].     Words  a  foot  and  a  half  long. 

Floridness — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Euphemist.     One  who  uses  euphemisms. 
Euphuist.     A  user  of  euphuism. 
Phrasemonger.     A  wordy  writer  or  speaker. 

Floridness — Verbs. 
Ornament.     To  embellish  or  adorn. 
Overcharge.     To  exaggerate. 

Overlay  with  ornament.     To  use  figures,  etc.,  very  freely. 
Smell  of  the  lamp.     To  be  laboriously  wrought  out. 

Floridness — Adjectives. 
Alliterative.     Containing  alliteration. 
Altiloquent.     High-sounding;  talking  big;  bombastic. 
Antithetical.     Having  opposition  of  words  or  sentiments. 
Artificial, etc.     Affected, etc.     See  Purity-Crudeness. 
Beautified,  etc.     Made   beautiful  or  ornate,  etc.     See  Embellish- 
ment. 
Big-sounding.     Talking  loudly  or  pretentiously. 
Bombastic.     Characterized  by  bombast. 
Declamatory.     Of  or  pertaining  to  declamation. 
Euphemism.     Softened  in  expression  or  rendered  less  offensive 
Euphuistic.     Relating  to  euphuism. 
Figurative,  etc.     Containing  figures,  etc.     See  Trope. 
Flaming.     Very  ardent. 
Flashy.     Showy,  but  empty. 
Florid.     Highly  ornate. 
Flowery.     Abounding  in  figures 
Frothy.     Empty. 

{Continued  on  Column  i.) 


SIMPLIFY. 


975 


SITTING. 


•im'-pli-fy.  To  make  simple.  Clearness-Obscurity, 
Embellishment-Simplicity,  Mixture-Homogene- 
ity 

sim'-ply.  Alone.  Magnitude-Smallness,  Mixture- 
Homogeneity,  Solitude-Company;  more  simply, 
Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 

sim'-u-late.  Imitate;  to  counterfeit.  Imitation- 
Originality,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

sim'-u-la"-ting.     Imitating.     Likeness  -  Unlikeness. 

sim"-u-la'-tion.     Imitation.     Imitation-Originality. 

sim"-ul-ta'-ne-ous.  Done  at  the  same  time.  Coex- 
istence. 

sim"-ul-ta'-ne-ous-ness.  State  or  quality  of  being 
simultaneous.     Coexistence. 

sin.  Wickedness.  Duty- Dereliction,  Godliness- 
Ungodliness,  Innocence-Guilt,  Virtue-Vice. 

sin'-a-pism.     Mustard  plaster.     Remedy-Bane. 

since.  Because;  after.  Antecedence-Sequence, 
Condition  -  Situation,  Ratiocination  -  Instinct, 
Rationale-Luck. 

sin-cere'.  Honest.  Craft-Artlessness,  Emotion, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

sin-cer'-i-ty  The  quality  of  being  sincere.  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood. 

sine.  Mathematical  term.  Parallelism-Inclina- 
tion. 

sine  cura  [L.]  (sai'-ni  kiu'-ra).  Without  care.  Con- 
tentedn  ess-Discontentment. 

sine  die  [L.]  (sai'-ni  dai'-i).  Without  a  day.  Dura- 
tion-Neverness,  Earliness-Lateness. 

sine  ictu  [L.]  (sai'-ni  ic'-tiu) .  Without  a  stroke.  Might- 
Impotence. 

sine  qua  non  [L.]  (sai'-ni  qua  non).  Without  which, 
not.     Consequence-Insignificance,  Need,  Terms. 

si'-ne-cure.  Having  no  duties.  Action-Passiveness; 
no  sinecure,  Activity-Indolence. 

sin'-ew.     Strength.     Strength-Weakness. 

sin'-sw-less.     Weak.     Might-Impotence. 

sin'-ews  of  war.     Resources.     Money. 

sin'-ew-y.     Strong.     Strength-Weakness. 

sin'-fu!.     Wicked.     Virtue-Vice. 

sin'-ful-ly.     In  a  sinful  manner.     Virtue-Vice. 

sin'-ful-ness.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  sinful.  In- 
nocence-Guilt. 

sing.  To  utter  a  song.  Jubilation-Lamentation, 
Musician,  Poetry-Prose;  sing  Io  triumphe,  Brag- 
ging; sing  out,  Cry-Ululation;  sing  praises,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Devotion-Idolatry,  Repu- 
tation-Discredit;    sing  small,  Selfrespect-Hum- 

BLENESS. 

singe.     Scorch.     Heating-Cooling. 

sing'-er.     One  who  sings.     Musician. 

sin'-gle.  Alone.  Matrimony -Celibacy,  Mixture- 
Homogeneity,  Sociability- Privacy,  Solitude- 
Company;  ride  at  single  anchor,  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion; single  combat,  Strife-Peace;  single  fit,  Con- 
tinuity-Interruption; single  out,  Choice-Neu- 
trality. 

sin'-gle-hand"-ed.  Unaided.  Difficulty-Facility, 
Obstruction-Help,  Solitude-Company. 

sin'-gle-mind"-ed.     Frank.     Craft-Artlessness. 

sin'-gle-ness.  State  of  being  single.  Singleness  of  heart, 
Craft-Artlessness,  Matrimony -Celibacy,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty'; singleness  of  purpose, 
Craft-Artlessness,  Persistence-Apostasy. 

sin'-gle-stick".     Cudgel.     Strife-Peace. 

sin'-gly.     Individually.     Solitude-Company. 

sing'-song".  Monotonous  talking.  Melody- Disso- 
nance. 

sin'-gu-lar.      Odd;    lone.     Conventionality-  Uncon- 

VENTIONALITY,       SOLITUDE  -  COMPANY,       UNIVERSAL- 
ITY-? A  RTICUI.ARITY. 

sin"-gu-lar'-i-ty.     Oddity.     Conventionality-Uncon- 

VKNTIONALITY,  UNIVERSALITY-PARTICULARITY. 


sin'-gu-lar-ly.  In  a  singular  manner.  Magnitude- 
Smallness. 

sin'-is-ter.  Left;  bad.  Goodness-Badness,  Right- 
Left,  Virtue-Vice;  bar  sinister,  Faultlessness- 
Faultiness,  Reputation-Discredit. 

sin'-is-tral.     Pertaining  to  the  left.     Right-Left. 

sin"-is-tral'-i-ty.     Sinistral  state.     Right-Left. 

sin'-is-trous.     Sinistral.     Favorite-Moroseness. 

sink.  To  go  down;  to  ruin;  to  fail;  privy.  Ascent- 
Descent,  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Creation-Destruction,  Elevation- 
Depression,  Enlightenment -Secrecy,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection,  Pleasure-Pain,  Sprtng- 
Dive,  Success -Failure,  Weariness -Refresh- 
ment, Welfare-Misfortune;  sink  back,  Renova- 
tion-Relapse; sink  in  the  mind,  Excitation,  Re- 
flection -  Vacancy,  Remembrance  -  Forgetful- 
ness;  sink  into  oblivion,  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness;  sink  into  the  grave,  Life-Death;  sink  money, 
Outlay-Income;  sink  of  corruption,  Cleanness- 
Filthiness;  sink  of  iniquity,  Virtue-Vice;  sink  or 
swim,  Certainty-Doubt,  Persistence-Whim. 

sink'-ing.  Going  down.  Heart  sinking,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection  ;  sinking  fund,  Treasury. 

sin'-less.     Without  sin.     Virtue- Vice. 

sin'-ner.  Wicked  man.  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Vir- 
tue-Vice. 

sin'-ning.  Doing  wrong.  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty. 

sin'-of'-fer-ing.     Sacrifice.     Atonement. 

sin"-u-a'-tion.     A  winding.     Circle-Winding. 

sin"-u-os'-i-ty.  Quality  or  state  of  being  sinuous.  Cir- 
cle-Winding, Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

sin'-u-ous.     Curved.     Circle-Winding. 

si'-nus.     Recess.     Convexity-Concavity. 

sip.  Taste.  Magnitude-Smallness,  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion. 

si'-phon.    Tube.     Watercourse-Airpipe. 

sip'-pet.     An  eatable.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

sir.  Man.  Male-Female,  Title;  sir  Oracle,  Soli- 
tude-Company. 

sir-dar'.     Leader.     Chief-Underling. 

sire.     Old  man.     Parentage-Progeny. 

si'-ren.  Singer;  seducer;  sea-nymph;  musical  instru- 
ment. Benefactor -Evildoer,  Devotion -Magi- 
cian, Jove-Fiend,  Motive-Caprice,  Musical  In- 
struments, Musician,  Ocean-Land;  siren  strains, 
Music ;  song  of  the  sirens,  Motive-Caprice. 

si-ri'-a-sis.     Sunstroke.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

Sir'-i-us.     Dog-star.     Luminary-Shade. 

sir'-loin".  A  loin  of  beef,  especially  the  upper  portion. 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

si-roc'-co.     Simoom.     Heat-Cold,  River- Wind. 

sir'-rah.     Sir.     Good'Man-Bad  Man. 

sis'-ter.  Female  of  the  same  association  or  born  of  the 
same  parents.  Likeness-Unlikeness,  Relation- 
ship, Remedy-Bane. 

sis'-ter-hood.  Body  of  females.  Association,  Rela- 
tionship; frail  sisterhood,  Purity-Rake. 

sis'-ter-ly.  Like  a  sister.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence. 

sis'-ters.  Plural  of  sister.  Sisters  three,  Volition- 
Obligation;  weird  sisters,  Devotion-Magician. 

Sis'-y-phus.  Son  of  Eolus.  Task  of  Sisyphus,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility, Usefulness-Uselessness. 

sit.  To  rest  on  the  haunches.  Sit  down,  Arri  val-De  • 
parture,  Elevation-Depression,  Erectness-Flat- 
ness,  Establishment-Removal;  sit  in  judgment, 
Decision-Misjudgment,  Judicature,  Litigation; 
sit  on,  Suspension-Support;  sit  on  thorns,  Pleas- 
ure-Pain, Sanguineness -Timidity,  Sensuality- 
Suffering. 

site.     Location.     Position. 

sit'-ting.     Incubation;    session.     Council,    Pfepara- 


SITTING. 


976 


SKILL— -UNSKILFULNESS. 


tion-Nonpreparation;  sitting  up  late,  Earliness- 
Lateness,  Toil-Relaxation. 

«it'-ting-room".      Room.     Contents-Receiver. 

situ,  in  [L.]  (sai'-tiu,  in).  In  position.  Movement- 
Rest,  Position. 

sit'-u-ate.     To  locate.     Establishment-Removal. 

sit"-u-a'-tion.  Location;  condition.  Condition- 
Situation,  Establishment-Removal,  Occupation, 
Occurrence-Destiny,  Position;  out  of  a  situation, 
Establishment-Removal. 

Si'-va.     A  god.     Jove-Fiend. 

six.  A  number.  Five-Quinquesection;  six  of  one 
and  half  a  dozen  of  the  other,  Equality-Inequality. 

six'-es  and  sev'-ens.  Disorder.  At  sixes  and  sevens, 
Regularity-Irregularity,  Variance-Accord. 

sixth.  Next  in  order  after  the  fifth.  Five-Quinque- 
section. 

six'-ty.     Six  times  ten.     Five-Quinquesection. 

si'-zar.     Undergraduate.     Chief-Underling. 

size.  Largeness;  glue;  to  arrange.  Connective, 
Greatness  -  Littleness,  Magnitude  -  Smallness, 
Organization-Disorganization,  Quantity-Meas- 
ure, Viscidity-Foam. 

skate.  To  move.  Conveyance-Vessel,  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

ska'-ting.  A  kind  of  sport.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

skean.     Dagger.     Weapon. 

ske-dad'-dle.     To  scamper.     Quest-Evasion. 


skein.  Roll.  Crossing;  tangled  skein,  Regularity- 
Irregularity. 

skel'-et-on.  Corpse;  frame;  outline.  Design,  Incre- 
ment -  Remnant,  Life  -  Corpse,  Suspension  -  Sup- 
port, Whole-Part;  reduced  to  a  skeleton,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration; skeleton  in  a  closet,  Good- 
ness-Badness, Pleasurablen  ess-Pain  fulness. 

skep'-tic.  Doubter  of  religion.  Credulousness-Skep- 
ticism. 

sketch.  Outline.  Account,  Delineation-Carica- 
ture, Design,  Form-Formlessness,  Painting. 

sketch'-er.     Artist.     Artist. 

sketch'-y.  Incomplete.  Completion-Noncompletion, 
Entirety-Deficiency,  Force-Weakness. 

skew.     Perverted.     Parallelism-Inclination. 

skew'-er.     To  fasten.     Connective. 

skid.  Brake;  support.  Obstruction-Help,  Suspen- 
sion-Support. 

skies.  Heaven.  Exalt  to  the  skies,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit; praise  to  the  skies,  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment. 

skiff.     Boat.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

skil'-ful.     Having  skill.     Craft-Artlessness. 

skil'-ful-ly.  In  a  skilful  manner.  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness. 

skil'-ful-ness.  State  or  quality  of  being  skilful.  Skill- 
Unskilfulness. 

skill.  Dexterity.  Skill-Unskilfulness  ;  acquisition 
of  skill,  Education-Learning;  game  of  skill,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 


SKILL— UNSKILFULNESS. 


Ability.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  able. 

Address.     Skilful  management. 

Adroitness.     The  quality  of  being  adroit. 

Ambidexterity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  able  to  use  both  hands 
equally  well. 

Ambidextrousness.     Ambidexterity. 

Aptitude.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  apt. 

Aptness.     Aptitude. 

Callidity.     Acuteness  of  discernment. 

Capability.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  capable. 

Capacity.     Power  of  receiving;  ability  to  do. 

Capacity  for.     Ability  to  do. 

Cleverness.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  clever. 

Competence.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  competent. 

Craft.     Skill  in  a  particular  employment. 

Craftiness,  etc.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  skilful  in  a  craft.     See 
Craft. 

Curiosa  felicitas  [L.].     Studied  felicity. 

Dexterity.     The  quality  of  being  dexterous. 

Dexteroucness.      Dexterity. 

Discretion,  etc.     The  quality  of  being  discreet.     See  Recklessness- 
Caution. 

Endowment.     Gift  of  nature*,  a  talent. 

Excellence.     Superiority  in  skill. 

Expertness.     The  quality  of  being  expert. 

Facility.     Ease  or  quickness  in  performance. 

Faculty.     Power  to  do,  natnral  or  acquired. 

Felicity.     A  pleasing  faculty  or  accomplishment. 

Finesse .     Subtility  practised  for  gain. 

Genius.     Individual  character;  superior  power. 

Genius  for.     Special  taste  for. 

Gift.     Special  talent.  ^ 

Habilitation.     Qualification. 

Ingenuity.     Quickness  in  producing  something  new. 

Intelligence,  etc.     Readiness  of  comprehension.     See  Sagacity. 

Invention,  etc.     Skill  in  contriving  something  new.     See  Fancy. 

Knack.     Aptness  in  doing. 

Knowledge  of  the  world.      Ability  to  get  along  in  different  conditions. 

Management.     Skilful  treatment. 

Mastership.     Mastery. 

Mastery.     Supremacy;  complete  understanding. 

Mother  wit.     Natural  intelligence. 

Panurgy.     Skill  in  all  kinds  of  work. 

Parts.     Qualities  or  talents. 

Practical  knowledge.     Knowledge  put  to  good  use  in  doing  things. 

Proficiency.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  proficient. 

Qualification.     An  enabling  quality  or  endowment. 


Disqualification.     Lack  of  qualification. 

Folly.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  foolish. 

Inability.     Lack  of  ability. 

Incompetence.)  T      .     f    ..... 
T  i_r  {  Lack  of  ability. 

Incompetency.* 

Indexterity.     Lack  of  dexterity. 

Indiscretion.     Lack  of  discretion. 

Inexperience.     Lack  of  experience. 

Infelicity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  infelicitous. 

Quackery.     Pretentious  and  ignorant  practise. 

Stupidity,  etc.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  stupid.  See  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 

Thoughtlessness,  etc.  Lack  of  thought  or  care;  heedlessness.  See 
Heed-Disregard. 

Unproficiency.     Lack  of  proficiency. 

Unskilfulness.     Lack  of  skilfulness. 

Want  of  skill,  etc.     Inability  to  do.     See  Skill. 

Unskilfulness — Denotations. 

Absence  of  rule.     Lack  of  any  regular  method  of  working. 

Act  of  folly.     The  result  of  a  ruinous  undertaking  or  enterprise. 

Bad  job.     A  work  that  shows  lack  of  skill. 

Balourdise  [F.].     A  blunder. 

Blunder,  etc.     A  heedless  or  stupid  mistake.     See  Truth-Error. 

Botch.     A  bungled  piece  of  work. 

Botchery.     Bungling  work. 

Bungler,  etc.  One  who  works  badly  or  clumsily.  See  Adkpt- 
Bungler. 

Bungling.     Clumsy  and  faulty  work. 

Etourderie  [F.].     A  thoughtless  act. 

Failure,  etc.  Anything  done  imperfectly  or  attempted  unsuccess- 
fully.    See  Success-Failure. 

Fool,  etc.  A  person  lacking  in  common  sense  or  judgment.  See 
Sage-Fool. 

Gaucherie  [F.].     A  blunder. 

Impolicy.     Unsuitableness  to  the  end  proposed. 

Maladministration.     Vicious  administration  of  public  office. 

Misapplication.     Devotion  to  a  purpose  not  intended  or  improper. 

Misconduct.     Bad  behavior. 

Misdirection.     A  pointing  or  leading  the  wrong  way. 

Misfeasance.  The  doing  of  a  lawful  act  in  an  unlawful  or  improper 
manner. 

Misgovernment.      Poorly  administered  government. 

Mismanagement.     Unskilful  management. 

Misrule.     Unjust  rule  or  government. 

Much  ado  about  nothing.  Unnecessary  activity  in  trifling  matten. 
[Shakespeare.] 


SKILL. 


Vt'i 


SKILL — UNSKILFULNHUo. 


SKILL—  UXSKILFULNESS— -Com/ibm**. 


Readiness,  etc.     Facility;  aptitude.     See  Activity. 

Savoir  {aire  [F.].     Ability;  skill. 

Self-help.     Ability  to  do  without  outside  aid. 

Sharpness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  sharp. 

Skilfulness.     The  quality  of  being  skilful. 

Skill.  Familiar  knowledge  of  an  art  or  science  accompanied  by  dex- 
terity of  performance. 

Sleight.     Artful  skill. 

Sleight  of  hand,  etc.  A  feat  so  dexterous  that  the  manner  of  per- 
formance escapes  detection.     See  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

Tact.     Skill  in  doing  the  right  and  fitting  thing. 

Talent.     Ability  to  learn  and  practise. 

Talents.  Capabilities;  natural  or  acquired  endowments ;  loans  from 
the  Lord,  which  draw  interest.     [Matthew  xxv,  25.] 

Technicality.      The  quality  or  state  of  being  technical. 

Technical  knowledge.     Knowledge  of  useful  or  mechanical  arts. 

Turn.     Distinctive  character  or  disposition. 

Turn  for.     Aptness  for. 

World  wisdom.     Practical  skill. 

Skill — Denotations. 

Accomplishment.  An  acquirement  or  attainment  that  tends  to  per- 
fect or  equip  in  character,  manners,  etc.  ,, 

Acquirement.  Some  mental  or  physical  power  or  attribute  which  is 
not  a  natural  gift  or  talent. 

Art.     Facility  resulting  from  practise. 

Attainment.  An  acquisition  of  a  personal  character,  as  scholarship, 
etc. 

Chef  d'aeuvre  [F.].     A  masterpiece. 

Coup  de  maitre  [F.].     A  master-stroke. 

Forte.  That  for  which  one  has  a  special  faculty,  or  in  which  he  chiefly 
excels. 

Good  stroke,  etc.     A  decisive  accomplishment.     Sec  Design. 

Horsemanship.     Equestrian  skill. 

Marksmanship.     The  skill  or  art  of  shooting. 

Masterpiece.     A  superior  production. 

Proficient.     An  expert;  an  adept. 

Rope-dancing.     The  art  of  dancing  or  performing  on  a  tight  rope. 

Science.     Knowledge  gained  and  verified  by  exact  observation. 

Seamanship.     Knowledge  and  skill  in  the  art  of  navigation. 

Technology.  The  science  of  the  facts  and  principles  of  the  indus 
trial  arts. 

Tour  de  force  [F.].     A  feat  of  skill. 

Trick.     A  peculiar  skill  or  knack. 

Yankee.  An  American  noted  for  shrewdness,  like  the  northern  sea 
captain;  the  modern  Ulysses. 

Skill — Verbs. 

Be  master  of.     To  be  able  to  do  in  the  very  best  way. 

Be  skilful.     To  be  able  to  accomplish.     See  Adjectives. 

Excel  in.     Surpass  others  in. 

Have  a  turn  for.     To  have  a  special  capability  for. 
Skill — Verbal  Expressiotts. 

Cut  one's  coat  according  to  one's  cloth;  exercise  one's  discretion;  feath- 
er the  oar;  have  all  one's  wits  about  one;  have  cut  one's  eye- 
teeth;  have  cut  one's  wisdom  teeth;  have  one's  hand  in;  hit  the 
right  nail  *n  the  head;  know  a  hawk  from  a  handsaw;  know  on 
which  side  one's  bread  is  buttered;  know  what  one  is  about;  know 
what's  o'clock;  know  what's  what;  live  by  one's  wits;  look  after  the 
main  chance;  make  a  hit;  make  a  virtue  of  necessity;  make  hay 
while  the  sun  shines,  etc.  (see  Opportuneness);  make  the  most 
of;  play  one's  best  card;  play  one's  cards  well;  profit  by;  put  the 
saddle  on  the  right  horse;  sail  near  the  wind;  savoir  vivre  [F.]. 
to  know  how  to  live  ;  scire  quid  valeant  humeri  quid  ferre  recusent 
[L.]  to  know  what  one's  shoulders  can  and  what  they  cannot 
bear  see  one's  way;  see  where  the  wind  lies;  see  which  way  the 
wind  blows;  stoop  to  conquer:  take  advantage  of . 

Skill — Adjectives . 
Able.     Having  sufficient  or  superior  power. 
Accomplished.      Having  accomplishments. 
Adroit.      Skilful  in  use  of  bodily  or  mental  powers. 
A  good  hand  a.t.      Having  some  skill  in. 
Alive  to.     Understanding  thoroughly. 
Ambidextrous.      Skilful  in  both  hands. 
Apt.     Especially  fitted,  quick  to  learn. 
Artistic.     Showing  taste  or  skill. 
At  home  in.     Thoroughly  familiar  with. 
Au  fait  [F.].     Well  instructed. 

Businesslike.     Like  one  who  transacts  business  well. 
Capable.     Possessing  adequate  power;  fully  competent. 
Clever.     Possessing  quick  active  intellect. 
Competent.     Fulfilling  all  requirements ,  qualified. 
62 


UNSKILFULNESS—  Denotations— Continued. 

Petticoat  government.     Government  by  women. 

Rule  of  thumb.      Any  primitive  method,  roughly  practical  rather 

than  scientific. 
Sad  work.     Work  poorly  done. 
Screw  loose.     Something  wanting  or  improper  in  the  arrangement 

of  anything. 
Sprat  sent  out  to  catch  a  whale.     Figuratively,  useless  work. 
Too  many  cooks.     Unnecessary  workers. 
Wild-goose  chase.     Fruitless  undertaking. 

Unskilpulness — Verbs. 
Be  unskilful,  etc.     To  be  unable  to  do  rightly.     See  Adjectives. 
Bitch.     To  botch. 

Blunder.     To  make  a  stupid  mistake. 
Boggle.     Work  in  a  clumsy  manner;  make  a  botch  of. 
Botch.     Put  together  clumsily .  make  a  thing  badly. 
Bungle.     To  perform  in  a  blundering  manner. 
Fail,  etc.     To  lack  ability.     See  Success-Failure. 
Flounder.     To  progress  or  perform  awkwardly  on  account  of  some 

deficiency. 
Fumble.     To  handle  clumsily. 

Hobble.     To  do  something  in  a  lame,  unskilful  manner. 
Misapply.     Apply  wrongly. 
Misconduct.)™    .      ,  , 

Misdirect,      j  To  lead  wrongly. 

Mismanage.     To  conduct  poorly. 

Missend.     To  send  to  the  wrong  place. 

Mistake,  etc.     To  understand  wrongly.     See  Truth-Error. 

Stumble.     Act  in  a  blundering  manner. 

Trip.     Commit  an  error. 

Unskilpulness — Verbal  Expressions, 
Act  foolishly;  aim  at  a  pigeon  and  kill  a  crow;  begin  at  the  wrong 
end;  be  in  the  wrong  box ;  bring  the  house  about  one's  ears;  burn 
one's  fingers;  catch  a  Tartar;  catch  at  straws;  commit  oneself; 
cut  blocks  with  a  razor;  cut  one's  own  throat;  do  things  by  halves, 
etc.  (see  Completion-Noncompletion)  ;  fall  into  a  trap;  fight 
with  a  shadow;  get  the  dirty  end  of  the  stick;  get  the  wrong  sow 
by  the  ear;  go  further  and  fare  worse;  go  on  a  fool's  errand;  goon 
a  sleeveless*  errand;  grasp  at  a  shadow;  have  too  many  eggs  in  one 
basket;  have  too  many  irons  in  the  fire;  hold  a  farthing  candle  to 
the  sun,  etc.  (see  Recklessness)  ;  kill  the  goose  which  lays  the 
golden  eggs;  knock  one's  head  against  a  stone  wall;  lock  the 
stable  door  when  the  horse  is  stolen,  etc.  (see  Opportuneness- 
Unsuitableness);  lose  one's  cunning;  lose  one's  head;  lose 
one's  way;  make  a  fool  of  oneself;  make  a  hash  of;  make  a  mess 
of;  make  a  sad  work  of;  make  two  bites  of  a  cherry;  miss  one's 
way;  not  know  one's  own  interest;  not  know  on  which  side  one's 
bread  is  buttered;  not  know  what  one  is  about;  not  see  an  inch 
beyond  one's  nose;  overshoot  the  mark;  pay  dear  for  one's  whistle; 
play  at  cross  purposes;  play  Puck;  play  the  fool;  play  tricks  with; 
pursue  a  wild-goose  chase;  put  a  square  thing  in  a  round  hole; 
put  new  wine  into  old  bottles;  put  oneself  out  of  court;  put  one's 
foot  in  it;  put  the  cart  before  the  horse;  put  the  saddle  on  the 
wrong  horse;  quarrel  with  one's  bread  and  butter;  reckon  without 
one's  host;  run  one's  head  against  a  stone  wall;  stand  in  one's  own 
light;  strain  at  a  gnat  and  swallow  a  camel;  stultify  oneself ;  take 
the  dirty  end  of  the  stick;  take  the  shadow  for  the  substance,  etc. 
(see  Credulousness)  ;  take  the  wrong  sow  by  the  ear;  throw  a 
stone  in  one's  own  garden;  trust  to  a  broken  reed, 

Unskilfulness — Adjectives. 
Adrift.     In  a  confused  state. 
At  fault.     In  the  wrong. 
Awkward.     Not  skilful  or  graceful  in  action. 
Bungling.     Inclined  to  bungle. 
Clumsy.     Lacking  dexterity  and  grace. 
Disqualified.     Not  having  the  recessary  qualifications. 
Foolish.     Wholly  lacking  in  ability  or  intelligence. 
Gauche  [F.].     Left-handed. 
Gawky.     Very  awkward. 

Giddy,  etc.     Lacking  judgment.     See  Heed-Disregahd. 
Green.     Lacking  knowledge  from  experience. 
Heavy-handed.     Clumsy. 
Ill-advised       Badly  advised. 
Ill-conducted.     Poorly  managed. 
Ill-contrived.     Badly  planned. 
Ill-devised.     Unskilfully  planned. 

IiHudg^ded'}  Not  wel1  Planned- 

Ill-qualified.     Not  fitted  for. 

Inactive.     Not  active.     See  Activitv-Indolench. 


SKILL 


978 


SKINNED. 


SKILL— UNSKILFULNESS— Con/iMtttfrf. 


SKILL — Adjectives—  Continued. 

Conversant,  etc.  Having  precise  and  familiar  knowledge.  See 
Knowledgb. 

Crack.     Of  superior  excellence. 

Cunning,  etc.     Knowing  and  skilful.     See  Craft. 

Cut  out  for.     Specially  adapted  to. 

Daedalian.      Ingenious,  like  Daedalus. 

Deft.     Apt;  fit;  neat. 

Dexterous.     Skilful  with  hands  or  body,  especially  the  right  hand. 

Discreet.     Having  excellent  powers  of  discernment. 

Efficient.     Fully  qualified  and  able  to  perform  successfully. 

Endowed.     Furnished  with  endowments. 

Experienced.      Skilful  from  experience. 

Expert.     Taught  by  practise;  very  skilful. 

Felicitous.     Characterized  by  felicity. 

Fine-fingered.      Skilful  in  the  use  of  the  fingers. 

Finished.     Of  the  highest  degree  of  perfection. 

Fit  for.     Adapted  to;  ready  for. 

Fitted.     Qualified. 

Fitted  for.     Able  to  do. 

Gain.     Suitable ;  dexterous. 

Gifted.     Having  many  gifts. 

Good  at.     Skilful  in  doing. 

Hackneyed.     Much  used. 

Handy.     Skilful  in  use  of  the  hand. 

Ingenious.     Characterized  by  ingenuity. 

Initiated.      Instructed  in  first  principles. 

In  practise.     Used. 

In  proper  cue.     In  practise. 

Inventive,  etc.     Quick  at  contriving.     See  Fancy. 

Masterful.     Showing  mastery. 

Masterly.     Having  thorough  knowledge  and  superior  skill. 

Master  of.     Having  attained  great  skill  in. 

Neat-handed.     Skilful  in  hands. 

Not  to  be  caught  with  chaff.     To  have  skill  or  experience. 

Practised.     Experienced. 

Prepared.     Made  suitable  ;  qualified. 

Primed.     Instructed  beforehand. 

Proficient.  Possessed  of  considerable  skill;  well  advanced  in  knowl- 
edge. 

Qualified.     Having  the  necessary  qualifications. 

Quick.     Of  acute,  active  capabilities. 

Ready.     Quick  in  action;  expert. 

Scientific.     Well  versed  in  science;  remarkably  skilled. 

Sharp,  etc.     Of  keen  discernment  and  excellent  skill.     See  Sagacity. 

Shipshape.     Well  arranged. 

Shrewdt     Able  and  clever  in  practise. 

Skilful.     Characterized  by  skill. 

Skilled.     Having  knowledge  and  dexterity  in  applying. 

Smart,  etc.     Accomplishing  quick  results;  efficient.     See  Activity. 

Statesmanlike.      Having  the  wisdom  of  a  statesman. 

Surefooted.      Not  liable  to  err. 

Talented.     Having  many  talents. 

Technical.     Skilled  in  mechanical  and  useful  arts. 

Thoroughbred.     Of  long  and  thorough  practise. 

Trained.     Well  taught  by  practise. 

Up  in.     Informed  about ;  versed  in. 

Upto.     Prepared  for;  able  to  perform. 

Up  to  snuff.     Knowing;  acute. 

Up  to  the  mark.     Fulfilling  the  requirements. 

Well  up  in.     Skilled. 

Workmanlike.     Having  the  characteristics  of  a  good  workman. 

Skill — Adverbs,  etc. 
Artistically.     In  an  artistic  manner. 
Secundum  artem  [L.].     According  to  art. 
Skilfully.     In  a  skilful  manner. 
Suo  marte  [L.].     By  his  own  force  of  arms. 
To  the  best  of  one's  abilities,  etc.     See  Toil. 


UNSKILFULNESS— Adjectives— Continued. 

Inapt.     Unhandy. 

Incompetent.     Unfit. 

Inconsiderate,  etc.  Regardless  of  what  should  be  considered.  Se« 
Carepulness-Carelessness. 

Inexperienced.     Without  practise. 

Inexpert.     Unskilful. 

Infelicitous.      Not  felicitous;  lacking  in  fitness;  unlucky. 

Inhabile.     Incompetent;  unskilful. 

Left-handed.     Clumsy: 

Lubberly.     Like  a  lubber. 

Maladroit.     Lacking  adroitness. 

Misadvised.     Wrongly  advised. 

Misconducted.)  „    ,.    ,   , 

Misguided.       yBadl>'led* 

Out  of  practise.      Untrained  to. 

Penny-wise  and  pound-foolish,  etc.  Careful  in  small  matters,  care- 
less in  important  affairs.     See  Persistence-Whim. 

Quackish.     Characterized  by  quackery. 

Raw.     Of  no  experience. 

Rusty.     Having  lost  skill  for  want  of  practise. 

Shiftless.     Wanting  in  energy  or  ability. 

Slatternly.     Untidy;  slovenly. 

Slovenly.     Negligent  and  disorderly. 

Stupid,  etc.  Lacking  intelligence  and  skill.  See  Sagacity-Inca 
pacity. 

Unaccustomed.      Not  familiar. 

Unadvised.     Not  advised. 

Unapt.     Not  fitted  for. 

Unconversant,  etc.     See  Knowi-ehce-Ignorance. 

Unfit.     Not  adapted  to. 

Unguided.     Without  a  leader  or  example. 

Unhandy.     That  cannot  be  well  used. 

Uninitiated.     Not  trained  to. 

Unqualified.     Unable  to  do. 

Unskilful,  etc.     Without  special  ability.     See  Skill. 

Unstatesmanlike.     Without  the  characteristics  of  a  statesman. 

Unteachable.     That  cannot  be  taught. 

Untractable.     That  cannot  be  trained. 

Untrained,  etc.     Without  practise.     See  Education. 

Unused.      Not  familiar. 

Wild.     Untrained;  careless. 

Unskilfulness— Phrases. 

II  se  noyerait  dans  une  goutie  d'eau  [F.].     He  would  drown  himself 

in  a  glass  of  water. 
Incidit  in  Scyllam  qui  vult  vitare  Charybdin   [L.].      He  encounters 

Scylla  who  wishes  to  escape  Charybdis. 
One's  fingers  being  all  thumbs. 
Out  of  the  frying-pan  into  the  fire. 
The  right  hand  forgets  its  cunning. 


SKILL — Adverbs — Continued. 

Well,  etc.     Properly.     See  Good. 
With  consummate  skill.     Very  well. 
With  skill .     Showing  ability. 

Skill — Phrases. 

Ars  celare  artem  [L.].     It  is  true  art  to  conceal  art. 

Artes  honor abit  [L.].     He  will  honor  the  arts. 

Celui  qui  veut,  celui-lh  pent  [F.].      Who  has  the  will,  he  has  the  skilL 

Es  bildet  em  Talent  sich  in  der  StUle,  sick  ein  Charakter  in  dem  Strom 

der  Welt  [G.].     Talent  is  built  up  in  quiet,  character  in  the  stream 

of  the  world. 
Materiam  superabat  opus    [L.].      The  workmanship  was  better  than 

the  material.      [Ovid,  Metamorphoses,  II,  5.] 


skilled.  Expert.  Skill-Unskilfulness;  skilled  work- 
man, Labor-Capital. 

skil'-let.     Stew-pan.     Contents-Receiver. 

skim.  Move;  remove;  haste.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness, Digest,  Heed-Disregard,  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness, Traveling-Navigation. 

skim'-mer.  A  flat  ladle  for  skimming.  Instru- 
ment. 

skin.  Integument;  coat.  Cover-Lining,  Dress-Un- 
dress, Outside-Inside,  Union-Disunion;  mere  skin 


and  bones,  Breadth-Narrowness;  skin  a  flint,  Ex- 
travagance-Avarice, Possibility-Impossibility; 
skin  over,  Renovation-Relapse;  wet  to  the  skin, 
Dampness-Dryness;  with  a  whole  skin,  Conser- 
vation; without  skin,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

skin'-deep".  Superficial.  Deepness-Shallownkss, 
Outside-Inside. 

skin'-flint".     A  miser.     Extravagance-Avarice. 

skinned.  Having  a  skin;  also,  having  the  skin  re*, 
moved.      Thick-skinned,   Feeling -Insensibility, 


SKINNED. 


979 


SLEEPING. 


Sensitiveness- Apathy;  thin-skinned,  Feeling- 
Insensibility. 

skin'-ny.  Lean.  Breadth-Narrowness,  Cover- 
Lining. 

skip.  Leap;  pass.  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Jubi- 
lation-Lamentation, Spring-Dive. 

skip'-jack".  Upstart.  Gentility-Commonalty,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune. 

skip'-per.  Master.  Chief-Underling,  Wayfarer- 
Seafarer. 

skip'-pet.     A  round  flat  box.     Contents-Receiver. 

skip'-ping-ly.  With  skips.  Continuity- Interrup- 
tion. 

skips,  by.     By  bounds.     Continuity-Interruption. 

skir'-mish.     Fighting.     Strife-Peace. 

skir'-mish-er.     Soldier.     Belligerent. 

skirt.  Border;  dress.  Border,  Dress-Undress,  En- 
vironment-Interposition, Increment-Remnant, 
Laterality-Contraposition,  Suspension-Support. 

skirt'-dance" .  A  dance  in  which  the  performer  waves 
her  skirt  to  the  movements  of  the  body.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 

skirt'-ing.  Skirts.  Border,  Laterality-Contrapo- 
sition. 

skirts.  Border.  Beginning-End;  hang  upon  the  skirts 
of,  Leading-Following,  Remoteness-Nearness; 
on  the  skirts  of,  Remoteness-Nearness. 

skit.  Jest;  jade;  reflection.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Purity-Rake,  Society-Laughingstock. 

skit'-tish.  Timid;  capricious.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Conceit  -  Diffidence,  Excitability  -  Inexcitabil- 
ity,  Persistence-Whim. 

skit'-tles.     Ninepins.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

skit'-tle  sharp'-er.     Cheat.     Robber.     . 

skulk.  Lurk.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Sanguineness-Timidity. 

skulk'-ing.     Lurking.     Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

skull.     Cranium.     Mind-Imbecility. 

skull'-cap"      Cap.     Dress-Undress. 

skunk.     Animal.     Perfume-Stench. 

skur'-ry.     Hurry.     Hurry-Leisure. 

sky.  Vault;  heaven;  cloud.  Dampness-Dryness,  Top- 
Bottom,  Universe,  Volition-Obligation. 

sky"-as-pir'-ing.     Pious.     Desire-Distaste. 

sky'-blue".     Azure.     Blueness-Orange. 

sky'-lark".     Bird.     Ascent-Descent. 

sky'-lark"-ing.  Frolicking.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

sky'-light".     Window.     Aperture-Closure. 

sky'-rock"-et.     Rocket.     Ascent-Descent. 

sky'-scra"-per.     Building.     Top-Bottom. 

slab.  Plank;  mire;  plate.  Gulf-Plain,  Lamina-Fiber, 
Levelness,  Mark-Obliteration,  Suspension-Sup- 
port, Viscidity-Foam. 

slab'-ber.  Saliva;  drivel.  Admission-Expulsion, 
Cleanness-Filthiness. 

slack.  Loose;  slake;  cool;  abate;  sluggish;  inactive. 
Activity-Indolence,  Cohesion-Looseness,  Com- 
bustible, Excess-Lack,  Heating-Cooling,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance, Rule- License,  Strength- 
Weakness,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Vigor-Inertia. 

slack'-en.  Loose;  abate;  hinder.  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness, Obstruction-Help,  Swiftness-Slowness, 
Toil-Relaxation,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

slack'-en-ing.  Flowing  slowly.  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness. 

slack'-ness.     Remissness.     Rule-License. 

slade.     The  sole  of  a  plow.     Convexity-Concavity. 

slag.  Refuse.  Chemistry,  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Heating-Cooling. 

slake.  Assuage;  satisfy.  Desire-Repletion,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness,  Turbulence-Calmness; 
slake  one's  appetite,  Moderation-Selfindulgence. 

slam.     Bang;  shut.     Crash-Drumming,  Impetus-Re- 


action; slam  the  door  in  one's  face,  Antagonism- 
Concurrence,  Proffer-Refusal. 

slam'-mer-kin.     Slattern.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

slan'-der.     Defame.     Adulation-Disparagement. 

slan'-der-er.     Defamer.     Flatterer-Defamer. 

slan'-der-ous.  Calumnious.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment. 

slang.  Inelegant  language.  Purity  -Crudeness, 
Rhetoric,  Taste-Vulgarity,  Word-Neology. 

slant.     Slope.     Parallelism-Inclination. 

slant'-wise.    Obliquely.    Parallelism-Inclination. 

slap.    Strike;  punish.    Approval-Disapproval,  Eter- 

NITY-1NSTANTANE1TY,  EXCULPATION-PUNITION,  ReC- 

ompense-Punition,  Traveling-Navigation;  slap 
in  the  face,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Attack-Defense,  Favorite-Anger, 
Regard-Disrespect;  slap  in  the  forehead,  Investi- 
gation-Answer. 

slap'-dash".  Carelessness.  Eternity-Instantaneity, 
Hurry-Leisure. 

slash.     Cut.     Union-Disunion. 

slash'-ing.     Random.     Force-Weakness. 

slate.  Stone.  Cover-Lining,  Writing-Printing; 
slate  loose,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

slate'-col"-ored.     Gray.     Gray-Brown. 

slates.     Roofing.     Cover-Lining. 

sla'-ting.     Roofing.     Cover-Lining. 

slat'-tern.  Untidy;  wasteful  person.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Length-Shortness,  Regularity-Ir- 
regularity, Taste-Vulgarity. 

slat'-tern-ly.    Unskilfully.    Skill-Unskilfulness. 

slaugh'-ter.    Slaying.     Life-Killing. 

slaugh'-ter-house".     Life-Killing. 

slaugh'-ter-ing.     Slaying.     Life-Killing. 

slaugh'-ter-ous.     Murderous.     Life-Killing. 

slave.  Work;  serf.  Chief-Underling,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness,  Toil-Relaxation;  a  slave  to,  Lib- 
erty-Subjection. 

sla'-ver.     Vessel;  Conveyance-Vessel. 

slav'-er.  Drivel;  flatter.  Admission-Expulsion,  Adu- 
lation-Disparagement, Cleanness-Filthiness. 

sla'-ver-y.  Subjection;  work.  Liberty-Subjection, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness,   Toil-Relaxation. 

slave'-trade" .  The  practise  of  selling  or  trading  slaves. 
Buying-Sale. 

sla'-vish.    Servile.    Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

sla-voc'-ra-cy.  Slave-holding  interests  as  a  political 
power.     Rule-License. 

Sla-von'-ic.     Pertaining  to  the  Slavs.     Ethnology. 

slay.     Kill.     Life-Killing. 

slay'-er.     One  who  slays.     Life-Killing. 

sleave.    Ravel;  knotted.     Regularity-Irregularity. 

sled.     A  snow-vehicle.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

sledge.     Sled.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

sledge'-ham"-mer.  Heavy  hammer.  Impetus-Re- 
action; with  a  sledge,  Activity-Indolence,  Crea- 
tion-Destruction. 

sleek.  Smooth;  trim.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness. 

sleep.  Rest.  Activity-Indolence,  Feeling-Insensi- 
bility, Movement-Rest,  Sensitiveness-Apathy, 
Toil-Relaxation;  last  sleep,  Life-Death;  not  have 
a  wink  of  sleep,  Excitability-Inexcitability;  rock 
to  sleep,  Turbulence-Calmness;  send  to  sleep,  En- 
tertainment-Weariness; sleep  at  one's  post,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence; sleep  upon,  Earliness-Late- 
ness,  Reflection- Vacancy;  sleep  with  one  eye  open, 
Carefulness-Carelessness. 

sleep'-er.  Beam.  Suspension-Support;  wake  the 
seven  sleepers,  Loudness-Faintness. 

sleep'-ful.     Sleepy.     Activity-Indolence. 

sleep'-ing.     Resting  in  sleep.     Movement-Rest. 

sleep'-ing  part'-ner.     Silent  partner.     Activity-Indo- 


SLEEPLESS. 


980 


SLUGGARD. 


ileep'-less.    Wakeful.    Activity-Indolence. 

sleep'-less-ness.     Wakefulness.     Activity-Indolence. 

sleep'-y.  Drowsy.  Activity-Indolence,  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy. 

sleet.     Snow  and  rain.     Heat-Cold. 

sleeve.  Arm;  skein.  Crossing,  Dress-Undress;  hang 
on  the  sleeve,  Chief-Underling;  in  one's  sleeve,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy; laugh  in  one's  sleeve,  Jubi- 
lation-Lamentation,    Society -Derision;     wear 

<     one's   heart   upon   his   sleeve,   Craft-Artlessness, 

'    Manifestation-Latency. 

sleeve'-less.  Fruitless.  Persistence-Whim,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity  ;  sleeveless  errand,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

sleigh.     Sled.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

sleight.  Skill.  Skill-Unskilfulness;  sleight  of  hand, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

slen'-der.  Frail;  trifling.  Breadth-Narrowness, 
Consequence-Insignificance,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness;  slender  means,  Affluence-Penury. 

sleuth.  The  track  of  man  or  beast  as  followed  by  the 
scent.     Craft-Artlessness. 

slice.  Cut;  piece.  Lamina-Fiber,  Union-Disunion, 
Whole-Part. 

slide.  Movement;  slip;  default.  Ascent-Descent, 
Movement-Rest,  Period-Progress,  Smoothness- 
Roughness,  Traveling-Navigation;  slide  back, 
Renovation-Relapse;  slide  in,  Environment-In- 
terposition; slide  into,  Conversion-Reversion. 

slide'-valve".  A  sliding  piece  in  the  steam-chest  of  a 
steam-engine.     Perforator-Stopper. 

sli'-ding.     Coasting.     Entertainment- Weariness. 

sli'-ding  pan'-el.  Panel  capable  of  sliding.  Truthtul- 
ness-Fraud. 

sli'-ding  rule.     Slide-rule.     Numbering. 

slight.  Little;  meager;  shirk;  frail;  overlook.  Care- 
fulness-Carelessness, Duty-Dereliction,  Force- 
Weakness,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Overvalua- 
tion-Undervaluation, Regard-Disrespect,  Re- 
gard-Scorn, Skill-Unskilfulness,  Solidity- 
Rareness. 

slight'-ly.  In  a  slight  manner.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Magnitude-Smallness. 

slight'-made" .     Frail.     Breadth-Narrowness. 

sli-ly.  Slyly.  Craft-Artlessness,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

slim.     Narrow.     Breadth-Narrowness. 

slime.  Filth;  viscid.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Vis- 
cidity-Foam. 

sling.  Suspend;  throw;  weapon.  Push-Pull,  Sus- 
pension-Support, Weapon. 

slink.  Sneak.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy; slink  away,  Quest-Evasion,  Repu- 
tation-Discredit. 

slip.  Piece;  pass;  strip;  glide;  mistake;  counterfeit; 
err;  vice.  Ascent-Descent,  Innocence-Guilt, 
Lamina  -  Fiber,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Money, 
Period-Progress,  Success-Failure,  Truth-Error, 
Virtue- Vice,  Workshop;  give  one  the  slip,  Escape; 
let  sUp,  Gain-Loss,  Keeping-Relinquishment, 
Release-Restraint;  let  slip  the  dogs  of  war,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation; slip  away,  Quest-Evasion;  slip 
cable,  Quest-Evasion;  slip  in,  Entrance-Exit; 
slip  of  the  pen,  Grammar-Solecism,  Truth-Error; 
slip  of  the  tongue,  Grammar-Solecism,  Speech-In- 
articulateness, Truth-Error;  slip  the  collar, 
Escape,  Release-Restraint;  slip  the  memory, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness;  slip  through  the 
fingers,  Escape,  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness, 
Success-Failure;  slip  'twixt  cup  and  lip,  Expecta- 
tion-Disappointment, Success-Failure. 

slip'-per.  Shoe.  Dress-Undress;  hunt  the  slipper, 
Entertainment- Weariness. 

slip'-per-i-ness.  Quality  of  being  slippery.  Security- 
Insecurity. 


slip'-per-y.  Smooth;  elusive.  Bigotry -Apostasy, 
Certainty-Doubt,  Difficulty-Facility,  Lasting- 
ness-Transientness,  Pulpiness -Oiliness,  Secu- 
rity-Insecurity, Smoothness- Roughness,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty; slippery  ground,  Refuge- 
Pitfall. 

slip'-shod".     Slovenly.     Force-Weakness. 

slip'-slop".  Weak;  blunder.  Adage-Nonsense, 
Force-Weakness,  Grammar-Solecism. 

slit.  Slash;  crack.  Groove,  Interspace-Contact, 
Union-Disunion. 

sliv'-er.  Splinter.  Magnitude-Smallness,  Whole- 
Part. 

slob.     A  careless  person.     Activity-Indolence. 

slob'-ber.  Drivel;  foul.  Admission-Expulsion, 
Cleanness-Filthiness,  Water-Air. 

sloe.     Fruit.     Whiteness-Blackness. 

slo'-gan.     Battle-cry.     Fighting-Conciliation. 

sloop.  Vessel.  Conveyance-Vessel;  sloop  of  war, 
Belligerent. 

slop.  Spill;  dirty  water.  Admission-Expulsion, 
Cleanness-Filthiness,  Water-Air. 

slope.  Incline;  run.  Parallelism-Inclination. 
Quest-Evasion. 

slope'-ness.  Obliqueness.  Parallelism-Inclina- 
tion. 

slope'-wise.     Obliquely.     Parallelism-Inclination. 

slo  -ping.  Bonding  down.  Parallelism  -  Inclina- 
tion. 

slop'-py.  Moist;     marsh.        Dampness  -  Dryness, 

Swamp-Island. 

slops.     Clothes.     Dress-Undress. 

slosh.     Splash.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

slot.     A  slit.     Aperture-Closure. 

sloth.  Laziness.  Activity-Indolence,  Vigor-Iner- 
tia. 

sloth'-ful.     Lazy.     Adept-Bungler. 

slouch.  Droop;  bungler.  Activity-Indolence, 
Height  -  Lowness,  Parallelism  -  Inclination, 
Swiftness-Slowness. 

slouch'-ing.     Ungainly.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

slough.  Mire;  swamp.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Swamp-Island,  Welfare- 
Misfortune;  Slough  of  Despond,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection,  Pleasure-Pain,  Sanguineness- 
Hopelessness,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

slov'-en.     Bungler.     Adept-Bungler. 

slov'-en-li-ness.  Carelessness.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Cleanness-Filthiness. 

slov'-en-ly.  Negligent;  dirty.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Cleanness-Filthiness,  Regularity-Ir- 
regularity, Skill-Unskilfulness,  Taste-Vul- 
garity. 

slow.  Not  quick;  sluggish;  inert.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Earliness- Lateness,  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Hurry -Leisure,  Swiftness  -  Slow- 
ness, Turbulence -Calmness,  Vigor -Inertia, 
Wittiness-Dulness;  be  slow  to,  Completion-Non- 
completion,  Proffer-Refusal,  Readiness-Reluc- 
tance; by  slow  degrees,  Quantity  -Measuhe; 
march  in  slow  time,  Swiftness-Slowness;  slow 
movement,  Music. 

slow'-coach".  Dull  person.  Activity  -  Indolence, 
Adept-Bungler,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

slow'-ly.     In  a  slow  manner.  '  Earliness-Latenes.;. 

slow'-ness.     Inactivity.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

slub'-ber.     Soil.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

slub"-ber-de-gul'-lion.  Wretch.  Gentility -Common- 
alty. 

sludge.     Mire.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

slug.  Slow;  bullet.  Action-Passiveness,  Activity- 
Indolence,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Weapon. 

slug'-gard.  Drone.  Activity-Indolence,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness. 


SLUGGARDIZE. 


981 


SMOOTHNESS. 


slug'-gard-ize.  To  make  sluggish.  Activity-Indolence. 
slug'-gish.      Slow.      Activity-Indolence,  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy,   Swiftness-Slowness,    Vigor-Iner- 
tia. 
slug'-gish-ness.     Laziness.     Activity-Indolence. 
sluice.         Gate;      channel.       Boundary.     Entrance- 
Exit,   River-Wind,  Watercourse-Airpipe;    open 
the  sluice,  Admission-Expulsion. 

slum.     Low  quarter.     City,  Cleanness-Filthiness. 
slum'-ber.     Sleep.     Activity-Indolence. 

slum'-ber-er.  One  who  slumbers.  Activity-Indo- 
lence. 

slur.  Conceal;  disparage;  stigma.  Justification- 
Charge,  Reputation-Discredit;  slur  over,  Care- 
fulness -  Carelessness,  Overvaluation  -  Under- 
valuation. 

slush.  Snow  and  water;  mud.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness, Swamp-Island,  Viscidity-Foam. 

slut.  Defile;  wench;  bitch.  Cleanliness-Filthi- 
ness,  Purity-Rake,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

slut'-tish.     Dirty.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

sly.  Stealthy.  Craft-Artlessness,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy. 

sly'-boots".  A  sly  person  or  animal.  Craft-Art- 
lessness. 

sly'-ness.  Quality  of  being  sly.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 

smack.     Boat.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

smack.  Taste;  kiss;  slap.  Blandishment,  Impetus- 
Reaction,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity, Recompense -Punition,  Savor-Taste-  ' 
lessness;  smack  of,  Likeness-Unlikeness;  smack 
the  lips,  Jubilation-Lamentation,  Likeness-Un- 
likeness, Palatableness  -  Unpalatableness, 
Savor-Tastelessness,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

small.  Little;  lacking.  Greatness-Littleness, 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Supremacy-Subordinacy; 
become  small,  Enlargement-Diminution;  esteem 
of  small  account,  Regard-Scorn;  feel  small,  Self- 
respect-Humbleness;  not  think  small  beer  of  one- 
self, Conceit-Diffidence,  Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness;  of  small  account,  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance; on  a  small  scale,  Greatness-Littleness, 
Magnitude-Smallness;  small  arms,  Weapon; 
small  by  degrees,  Increase-Decrease;  small 
chance,  Likelihood-Unlikelihood;  small  coin, 
Money;  small  fry,  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Gentility-Commonalty,  Greatness  -  Littleness  ; 
small  matter,  Consequence-Insignificance;  small 
number,  Multiplicity-Paucity;  small  part,  Whole- 
Part;  small  talk,  Conversation-Monologue,  Talk- 
ativeness-Taciturnity. 

small'-bore".     Gun.     Weapon. 

small'-clothes".     Breeches.     Dress-Undress. 

smal'-ler.  Less.  Enlargement-Diminution,  Su- 
premacy-Subordinacy. 

6mall'-ness.  Littleness.  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

small'-pox".     Var'ola.     Health-Sickness. 

smalls.     Small-clothes.     Dress-Undress. 

smalt.     Paint.     Blueness-Orange. 

smart.  Hurt;  airs;  clever;  forceful.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Beauty-Ugliness,  Embellishment-Disfig- 
urement, Feeling,  Pleasure-Pain,  Sensuality- 
Suffering,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Wittiness-Dul- 
ness;  smart  pace,  Swiftness-Slowness;  smart 
saying,  Wittiness-Dulness;  smart  under,  Feeling. 

smart'-en.  Improve.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

smart'-mon"-ey.     Damages.      Recompense-Penalty. 

smart'-ness.  Quality  of  being  smart.  Activity-In- 
dolence, Wittiness-Dulness. 

smash.  Crush;  fail.  Creation-Destruction,  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 


smatch.     Taste.     Savor-Tastelessness. 

smat'-ter-er.     Superficial.     Scholar-Dunce. 

smat'-ter-ing.  Slight  knowledge.  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance. 

smear.  Bedaub.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Cover- 
Lining. 

smell.  Odor.  Odor-Inodorousness;  bad  smell, 
Perfume-Stench;  smell  of  the  lamp,  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation,  Simplicity-Floridness  ;  smell 
powder,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

smell'-feast".  Epicure.  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness. 

smel'-ling.  Giving  off  odor.  Odor-Inodorousness, 
Perfume-Stench. 

smel'-ling-bot"-tle.     Salts.     Perfume-Stench. 

smelt.  Fuse.  Heating-Cooling.  Preparation- 
Non  preparation. 

smick'-er.     Amorous.     Jubilation-Lamentation. 

smile.  Expression.  Jubilation-Lamentation,  Light- 
heartedness  -  Dejection;  raise  a  smile,  En- 
tertainment- Weariness,  Obstruction  -  Help; 
smile  at,  Society-Derision;  smile  of  contempt, 
Regard-Scorn  ;  smile  of  fortune,  Welfaf.e-Misfor- 
tune;  smile  upon,  Blandishment,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

smirch.  Soil.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Whiteness- 
Blackness. 

smirk.     Smile.     Jubilation-Lamentation. 

smite.  Hit;  punish.  Excitation,  Good  Man-Bad 
Man,     Pleasurableness  -  Painfullness,     Recom- 

PENSE-PuNITION. 

smith.     Blacksmith.     Agent. 

smith'-y.     A  blacksmith  shop.     Workshop. 

smi'-ting.  Striking.  Lightheartedness  -  Dejec- 
tion. 

smit'-ten.  Struck.  Love-Hate;     smitten    with, 

Motive-Caprice. 

smock.     Garment.     Dress-Undress. 

smock'-f  aced" .     Effeminate.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

smock'-frock".     Blouse.     Dress-Undress. 

smoke.  Dust;  vapor;  heat.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Consequence-Insignificance,  Discovery,  Faith- 
Misgiving,  Friability,  Heat-Cold,  Liquefaction- 
Volatilization,  Pungency,  Regard-Disrespect; 
end  in  smoke,  Success-Failure,  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming;  smoke  the  calumet  of  peace,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation. 

smoke'-stack".  An  upright  pipe  for  discharging  gases 
from  a  boiler-furnace.     Watercourse-Airpipe. 

smo'-king.     Giving  forth  smoke.     Heat-Cold;  smok- 
ing hot,  Heat-Cold;   smoking  room,  Contents-Re 
ceiver. 

smo'-ky.  Of  the  color  of  smoke.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness'. 

smold'-er.  Smoke.  Heat-Cold,  Manifestation- 
Latency,  Vigor-Inertia. 

smold'-er-ing.     Smoking.     Vigor-Inertia. 

smooth.  Even;  regular;  easy.  Adulation-Dispar- 
agement, Difficulty-Facility,  Erectness-Flat- 
ness,  Smoothness-Roughness,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness, Uniformity-Diversity;  smooth  down,  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness; smooth  over,  Turbulence- 
Calmness;  smooth  sailing,  Difficulty-Facility; 
smooth  the  bed  of  death,  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Obstruction-Help;  smooth  the  ruffled 
brow  of  care,  Alleviation-Aggravation;  smooth 
the  way,  Difficulty-Facility;  smooth  water,  Dif- 
ficulty-Facility. 

smooth'-bore".     Firearm.     Weapon. 

smooth'-ly,  go  on.  Go  without  rocking.  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

smooth'-ness.  Without  roughness.  Friction-Lubri- 
cation, Levelness,  Smoothness-Roughness. 


SMOOTHNESS. 


982 


SMOOTHNESS— ROUGHNESS. 


SMOOTHNESS— ROUGHNESS. 


Gloss .     The  brightness  of  a  smooth  surface. 
Lubrication.     The  act  of  making  slippery. 
Lubricity.     The  slipperiness  of  a  smooth  surface. 
Polish.     A  smooth  bright  surface. 
Smoothness,  etc.     The  quality  of  being  smooth,  etc. 

Smoothness — Denotations 


See  Adjectives. 


Asphalt.     A  bituminous  composition  used  for  pavements,  roofs,  etc. 

Blackboard  A  large  slate  or  broad  board  painted  black,  for  writing 
upon  with  chalk.      . 

Bowling  grecr      A  level  lawn  for  playing  bowls. 

Byssus.     A  kind  of  flax  of  which  fine  linen  is  made. 

Down.     The  fine  soft  under-plumage  of  birds. 

Flag.     A  broad,  thick,  flat  stone  suitable  for  pavements. 

Floss.     The  silk  of  Indian  corn  and  some  other  plants. 

Fur.     The  short,  fine  coat  covering  the  skin  of  many  mammals. 

Glass.     A  very  smooth,  transparent  compound  of  silica. 

Ice.     Frozen  water. 

Plush.  A  cloth  of  wool  or  cotton  having  longer  projecting  fibers 
than  velvet. 

Satin.     A  silk  fabric  with  a  glossy  surface. 

Silk.  A  fine,  glossy,  fibrous  substance  produced  by  the  silk- 
worm. 

Slide.     A  glass  that  slides  in  a  frame  in  front  of  a  magic  lantern. 

Velvet.     A  silk  fabric  having  on  one  side  a  thick,  smooth  nap. 

Velveteen.     A  cotton  fabric  with  a  pile  like  velvet. 

Wood-pavement.     Long  smooth  boards  used  as  a  walk. 

Smoothness — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Burnisher.     A  tool  used  in  polishing. 

Emery-paper.  Paper  covered  with  ground  emery,  used  in  polish- 
ing. 

Roller.  Cylinder  arranged  to  revolve  on  its  own  axis,  used  to 
smooth  surfaces. 

Sand-paper.      Paper  covered  with  sand,  used  in  polishing. 

Steam-roller.     Large  roller  for  smoothing  street  surfaces. 

Turpentine  and  beeswax.     A  preparation  used  for  polishing  furniture. 

Smooth  n  ess —  Verbs. 

Burnish,     Make  smooth  and  bright. 

Calender.     Press  between  rollers. 

File.     Smooth  with  a  file. 

Glaze.     Render  glass-like. 

Hot-press.     Apply  pressure  and  heat  to  obtain  a  glossy  surface. 

Iron.     Smooth  with  an  iron  instrument. 

Level.     Make  even. 

Lubricate.  Make  slippery.  See  words  associated  with  Pulpiness- 
Oil. 

Macadamize.     Make  a  smooth,  hard  roadt  according  to  plans  in- 
vented by  Mr.  Mac  Adam . 

Mangle.     Smooth  with  the  rolling-press,  called  a  mangle. 

Mow.     Smooth  by  cutting  the  grass. 

Plane,     Smooth  by  cutting  off  the  surface . 

Polish.     Make  smooth  and  glossy. 

Roll.     Level  with  a  roller. 

Shave.     Smooth  by  cutting  off  closely  the  surface  or  covering. 

Smooth.     Make  even. 


Smoothness — Adjectives. 

Downy.     Covered  with  down. 

Even.     Without  irregularities  in  surface. 

Glabrous.     Smooth;  hairless. 

Glassy.      Like  glass. 

Glossy.     Smooth  and  bright. 

Lanate.     Woolly. 

Level.     Smooth.     See  Erectness-Flatness. 

Lubricous.     Smooth  and  slippery. 

Oily.     Like  oil. 

Plane.     Flat.     See  Levelness. 

Polish.     Smooth. 

Polished,  etc.     Made  smooth  or  glossy.     See  Verbs. 

Silken.     Made  of  silk. 

Silky.     Like  silk. 

Sleek.     With  a  bright  and  even  surface. 

Slippery.     Causing  anything  to  slip,  hard  to  adhere  to. 

Slippery  as  an  eel.     Very  hard  to  hold. 

Smooth.     Having  an  even .  regular  surface. 


Arborescence.     The  resemblance  to  a  tree  in  minerals,  etc. 

Asperity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  rough  or  harsh. 

Corrugation.     The  state  of  being  corrugated. 

Grain.     Degree  of  roughness. 

Nodosity.     The  quality  of  being  knotty. 

Plumosity.     The  state  of  being  feathered. 

Ripple.     A  slight  wave  on  the  surface  of  water. 

Roughness,  etc.     The  quality  of  being  uneven,  etc.     See  Adjectives, 

Rugosity.     The  quality  of  being  wrinkled,  corrugated. 

Salebrosity.     The  quality  of  being  rugged,  uneven. 

Texture.     Minute  structure  or  arrangement  of  threads,  as  of  cloth. 

Tooth.     A  ridge  or  roughness  on  a  veneer. 

Roughness — Denotations. 
Beard.     The  hair  on  a  man's  face. 
Brush,     An  implement  made  of  bristles,  hair,  broom-corn,  etc.,  iat 

sweeping. 
Bur.     A  rough  or  prickly  seed-vessel,  as  of  the  chestnut. 
Cilia.    The  hairs  or  hair-like  growths  on  a  cell,  organ,  or  parts  of  th» 

body. 
Crest.     A  projecting  growth  on  the  top  of  an  animal's  head. 
Curl.     Anything  coiled,  especially  a  ringiet  of  hair. 
Feather.     The  appendages  growing  out  of  the  skin  of  a  bird. 
Fimbria.     A  fringe  or  fringe-like  structure. 
Floccule.     A  loose  tuft,  like  wool. 
Fringe.     An  ornamental  trimming. 
Hair,     The  outgrowth  from  the  skin  of  animals. 
Imperial.     A  pointed  tuft  of  hair  on  the  chin. 
Lock,     A  tuft  of  hair. 

Mane.     The  long  hair  growing  on  the  neck  of  a  horse. 
Moss.     A  delicate,  low-growing  plant. 
Mustache.     The  growth  of  hair  on  the  upper  lip  of  men. 
Nap.     The  projecting  fibers  of  thread  on  the  surface  of  flannel,  silk. 
Panache.     A  plume  or  bunch  of  feathers  used  as  a  head-dress. 
Pile.     Hair,  collectively. 
Plumage.     The  feathers  of  a  bird. 
Plume.     A  long,  ornamental  feather. 
Ringlet.     A  long  spiral  lock  of  hair. 
Shag.     A  rough  coat  or  bunch  of  hair. 
Toupee.     A  small  tuft  of  hair. 
Tress.     A  lock  or  curl  of  human  hair. 
Tuft.     A  collection  or  bunch  of  small  flexible  things  held  togethei 

at  the  base. 
Villi.     The  short  hair-like  growths  on  the  membranes  of  the  body. 
Whisker.     The  hair  that  grows  on  the  sides  of  a  man's  face. 
Wool.     The  hair  obtained  from  the  sheep. 

Roughness — Verbs. 

Be  rough,  etc.     To  have  small  ridges  or  points  on  the  surface.     Sea 

Adjectives. 
Corrugate.     To  contract  into  ridges. 
Crisp.     Roughen  with  slight  undulations. 
Crumple.     Press  into  wrinkles. 
Render  rough,  etc.     To  cause  to  have  inequalities  on  the  surface^ 

See  Adjectives. 
Roughen.     Make  rough. 
Ruffle.     Gather  into  folds. 
Rumple.     Make  irregular  or  uneven. 

Roughness — Verbal  Expressions. 
Go  against  the  grain;  set  on  edge;  stroke  the  wrong  way. 

Roughness — Adjectives. 

Arborescent,  etc.     Like  a  tree.     See  Proportion. 

Asperous.     Rough,  uneven. 

Bearded.     Having  a  beard. 

Befringed.     Fringed. 

Bushy.     Like  a  bush. 

Ciliated.     Having  movable  hair-Hke  processes. 


Cragged.j  H 


aving  many  crags. 


Craggy. 

Crankling.     Bent ;  twisted. 

Crinite.     Having  or  like  long  weak  hairs. 

Crinose.     Hairy. 

Crisp.     Having  waves  or  curls. 

Feathery.     Like  or  having  feathers. 

Filamentous.     Like  or  having  threads  or  filaments. 

Fimbriated.     Having  a  fringe. 

Fringed.     Furnished  with  a  fringe. 

Gnarled.     Full  of  knots. 

Hairy.     Covered  with  or  like  hair. 

Hirsute.     Covered  with  hairs  or  bristles. 


SMOOTHNESS. 


983 


SNOBBISH. 


SMOOTHNESS- 
SMOOTHNESS—  Adjectives—  Continued. 


Smooth  as  glass. 

Smooth  as  ice. 

Smooth  as  oil. 

Smooth  as  velvet.  J 

Soft.     Yielding  to  the  touch. 

Unwrinkled.     Without  furrows 

Velvety.      Like  velvet. 


}■  Figurative  degrees  of  smoothness. 


ROUGHNESS — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 
Setaceous.     Covered  with  or  like  setae  or  bristles. 

StousJHavingstiffhairs- 

Shagged.     Covered  with  a  coarse  thick  growth. 

Shaggy.     Covered  with  or  like  rough  hair. 

Tomentous.     Covered  with  matted  woolly  hairs. 

Tufted.     Having  a  tuft  or  crest. 

Uneven.     Not  even. 

Unpolished.)  Rh 

Unsmooth.  >       ^ 

Villous.     Covered  with  short  soft  hairs. 

Well-wooded.     Thickly  covered  with  trees. 

Woolly.     Covered  with  or  like  wool. 

Roughness — Adverb. 


Against  the  grain.     Roughly. 

smooth'-tongued".  Flattering.  Adulation-Dispar- 
agement, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

smoth'-er.  Prevent;  kill;  hide.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Life-Killing,  Release-Restraint,  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness, Vocalization-Muteness. 

smudge.  Soil;  soot.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Em- 
bellishment-Disfigurement. 

smug.     Trim.     Society-Affectation. 

smug'-gle.  Importing.  Environment-Interposi- 
tion, Law-Lawlessness,  Theft. 

smug'-gler.     Law-breaker.     Robber. 

smug'-gling.     Illicit  importing.     Law-Lawlessness. 

smut.  Black;  soot.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Pu- 
rity-Impurity, Solidity-Ra-rity. 

■mutch.  Stain.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Whiteness- 
Blackness. 

■mut'-ty.  Obscene  in  language.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness, Purity-Rake. 

snack.  Share;  bite.  Magnitude-Smallness,  Nu- 
triment-Excretion. 

snacks.     Shares.      Participation. 

snacks,  go.     Share.      Participation. 

snaf'-fle.     Bridle.     Release-Prison. 

snag.  Branch;  projection.  Obstruction-Help,  Ref- 
uge-Pitfall, Sharpness-Bluntness,  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

snag'-gy.     Full  of  snags.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

snags.     Projections.     Refuge-Pitfall. 

snail.     Mollusk.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

snail'-like.     Slow.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

snake.  Serpent;  person.  Benefactor  -  Evildoer, 
Fauna-Flora;  scotch  the  snake,  Excess-Lack; 
snake  in  the  grass,  Benefactor-Evildoer,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Goodness-Badness,  Gull- 
Deceiver,  Manifestation-Secrecy,  Refuge-Pit- 
fall, Uprightness-Rogue. 

snake'-like.     Serpent-like.      Circle-Winding. 

snak'-y.     Insinuating.     Circle- Winding. 

snap.  Strike;  break;  flip;  emit;  energy.  Crash- 
Drumming,  Favorite- Anger,  Nutriment -Excre- 
tion, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Toughness-Brit- 
tleness,  Union-Disunion;  snap  at,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Taking-Restitution;  snap  of 
the  fingers,  Consequence-Insignificance;  snap 
one's  fingers  at,  Defiance,  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness, Regard-Scorn;  snap  one  up,  Appro- 
val-Disapproval; snap  the  thread,  Continuity-In- 
terruption; snap  up,  Taking-Restitution. 


-RO  UG  H  XE  SS— Continued. 

ROUGHNESS — Adjectives— Continued. 

Hispid.     Rough  with  bristles. 

Knotted.     Having  knots. 

Lanate.  1 ...     ,. 

Lanated./Woolly- 

Lanuginose.  j  Woo,         d 

LanuginousJ 

Leafy.     Full  of  leaves. 

Like  quills  upon  the  fretful  porcupine.      Covered  with  long  sharp 

quills.      [Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  I,  v.] 
Pappous.     Having  down. 
Pilous.     Hairy. 

Plumlgerous.     Furnished  with  plumage. 
Plumose.     Bearing  plumes  or  processes. 
Prickly,  etc.     Having  prickles.     See  Sharpness. 
Rough.     Having  an  uneven  irregular  surface. 

Rough  as  a  bear.  1  Figurative  degrees  of  roughnci. 

Rough  as  a  nutmeg-grater.) 

Rough-hewn.     Roughly  shaped. 

Rugged.     Having  a  surface  full  of  points  or  bristles. 

Rugose.  I  FuUofwrinkles 

Rugous. ) 

Salebrous.     Rugged;  uneven. 

Scabrous.     Roughened  with  little  points. 

Scraggy.     Rough  with  irregular  points. 

{.Continued  on  Column  i.) 


snap'-drag"-on.  Sport.  Entertainment- Weari- 
ness. 

snap'-pish.     Tart.     Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

snare.     Trap.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

snarl.  Growl;  quarrel.  Charitableness-Menace, 
Cry-Ululation,  Favorite-Anger,  Politeness-Im- 
politeness. 

snarl'-ing.    Growling.     Politeness-Impoliteness. 

snatch.  Catch;  bit.  Magnitude-Smallness,  Tak- 
ing-Restitution; snatch  a  grace  beyond  the  reach  of 
art,  Beauty -Ugliness;  snatch  at,  Quest-Evasion, 
Taking-Restitution;  snatch  a  verdict,  Craft-Art- 
lessness,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  snatch  from  one's 
grasp,  Taking-Restitu.tion;  snatch  from  the  jaws  of 
death,  Rescue. 

sneak.  Conceal;  fear;  cringe.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Good  Man-Bad  Man, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty, Uprightness-Rogue;  sneak  off,  Quest- 
Evasion;  sneak  out  of,  Quest-Evasion. 

sneak'-ing.  Acting  stealthily.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

sneer.  Grimace;  insinuate.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Regard-Disrespect,  Regard-Scorn. 

sneered  at,  not  to  be.  Of  value.  Consequence-In- 
significance. 

sneeze.  Blow;  snuff.  Resonance-Sibilation,  Riv- 
er-Wind; sneeze  at,  Regard-Scorn. 

snick.     Snip.     Magnitude-Smallness,  Whole-Part. 

sniff.  Perception;  inhalation;  smell.  Discovery, 
Odor-Inodorousness,  River- Wind. 

snif'-fle.     Snuffle.     River-Wind. 

snig'-ger.  Laugh.  Duty-Dereliction,  Jubilation- 
Lamentation,  Society-Derision. 

snig'-gle.     Ensnare.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

snip.  Clip;  piece;  tailor.  Dress-Undress,  Magni- 
tude-Smallnef s,  Union-Disunion. 

snip'-pet.     Piece.     Magnitude-S:  iallness. 

snip'-snap".     Dialogue.     Variance-Accord. 

snip"-snap"-snov'-em.  A  game.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

sniv'-el.     Cry.     Jubilation-Lamentation. 

sniv'-el-ing.    Crying.     Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

snob.  Vulgar;  servile.  Gentility-Commonalty,  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness, Taste- Vulgarity. 

snob'-bish.  Pertaining  to  a  snob.  Gentility-Com- 
monalty, Taste-Vulgarity. 


SNOBBISHNESS. 


984 


SOCIABILITY— PRIVACY. 


snob'-bish-ness.     Pretense.     Adulation-Disparage- 
ment. 

snood.     Fillet.     Circle-Winding,  Dress-Undress. 

Snooks,  Mr.     A  nobody.     Gentility-Commonalty. 

snooze.     Doze.     Activity-Indolence. 

snore.  Hoarseness.  Activity-Indolence,  Cry-Ulu- 
lation,  Sight-Blindness. 

snort.     Sound.     Cry-Ululation. 

snout.     Muzzle.     Convexity-Concavity. 

suow.     Vessel.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

snow.  Precipitation;  white.  Heat-Cold,  Whiteness- 
Blackness. 

snow'-ball".  Ball  of  snow.  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing. 

snow'-drift".  Pile.  Gathering-Scattering,  Heat- 
Cold. 

snow'-plow".  A  plow-like  apparatus  for  clearing  rail- 
way-tracks of  snow.      Instrument. 

snow'- shoe".  A  network  of  sinews  fixed  in  a  frame, 
and  used  for  walking  on  snow.  Dress  -  Un- 
dress. 

snub.  Check;  pug;  slight.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Length  -  Shortness,  Obstruction- Help,  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness, Reputation-  Discred- 
it, Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

snub'-nosed".     Pug.     Proportion-Deformity. 

snuff.  Scent;  inhale;  tobacco.  Discovery,  Odor- 
Inodorousness,  Pungency,  River-Wind;  go  out 
like  the  snuff  of  a  candle,  Life-Killing;  snuff  out, 
Creation-Destruction,  Light-Darkness;  snuff 
up,  Admission-Expulsion,  Odor-Inodorousness, 
Sweetness-Acidity;  up  to  snuff,  Craft-Artless- 
ness,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

snuff'-col"-or.     Yellowish.     Gray-Brown. 

snuf'-fing,  want.  Impudent.  Presumption  -  Obse- 
quiousness. 

snuf'-fle.  Breathe;  cant.  Godliness-Ungodliness, 
Resonance-Sibilation,  River-Wind,  Speech-In- 
articulateness. 

snuff'-y.     Soiled.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

snug.  Covered;  cozy;  trim.  Aperture-Closure, 
Contentedness  -  Discontentment,     Preparation- 

NONPREPARATION,    SECURITY-INSECURITY,    SenSUAL- 

ity-Suffering,  Sociability-Privacy;  keep  snug, 
Enlightenment  -  Secrecy,  Sociability  -  Privacy; 
make  all  snug,  Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

snug'-ger-y.     Den.     Dweller-Habitation. 

snug'-ness.     Coziness.     Pleasure-Pain. 


so.  Very;  like;  therefore.  Likeness-Unlikeness, 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Ratiocination-Instinct, 
Way;  so  be  it,  Assent-Dissent,  Consent;  so  far  so 
good,  Approval-Disapproval,  Good-Evil;  so  let  it 
be,  Action-Passiveness,  Assent-Dissent;  so  much 
the  better,  Contentedness-Discontentment,  Ju- 
bilation-Lamentation; so  much  the  worse,  Alle- 
viation-Aggravation, Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment; so  to  speak,  Likeness-Unlikeness, 
Trope. 

soak.  Steep;  saturate;  guzzle.  Dampness-Dryness, i 
Injection-Ejection,  Teetotalis.  i-Intemperance, 
Water-Air;  soak  up,  Dampness-Dryness. 

soak'-er.  A  heavy  drinker.  Teetotalism-Inteh:i>lk- 
ance. 

So-and-so,  Mr.     Imaginary.     Word-Neology. 

soap.  Cleanser.  Friction-Lubrication,  Viscidity- 
Foam. 

soap'-y.     Flattering.  Adulation-Disparagement, 

Presumption -Obsequiousness,     Pulpiness -Oili- 

NESS. 

soar.  Rise;  aspire.  Ascent-Descent,  IIeight-Low- 
ness,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Transcursion-Short- 
coming,  Traveling-Navigation. 

soar'-ing.     Rising.     Height-Lowness. 

sob.     Weep.     Jubilation-Lamentation. 

so'-ber.  Moderate;  grave;  modest.  Excitability- 
Inexcjtability,  Lightheartedness  -  Dejection, 
Moderation-Selfindulgence,  Sagacity-  Incapac- 
ity, Saneness-Lunacy,  Teetotalism- Intemper- 
ance, Turbulence-Calmness;  in  sober  sadness,  As- 
sertion-Denial; sober  down,  Saneness-Lunacy, 
Selfrespect-Humbleness,  Turbulence-Calmness; 
sober  senses,  Saneness-Lunacy;  sober  truth, Truth- 
Error,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

so"-ber-mind'-ed.  Self- controlled.  Excitability- 
Inexcitability,  Saneness-Lunacy,  Selfrespect- 
Humbleness. 

so-bri'-e-ty.  Moderateness.  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility,  Moderation-Selfindulgence,  Teeto- 
talism-Intemperance,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

so"-bri"-quet'.     Nickname.     Name-Misnomer. 

soc.     Franchise.     Judicature. 

soc'-age.     Tenure.     Holding-Exemption. 

so"-called'.  Styled.  Name -Misnomer,  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud. 

so"-cia-bil'-i-ty.  Quality  of  being  fond  of  society.  So- 
ciability-Privacy. 


SOCIABI LITY— PRIVACY. 


Cheer.     A  general  spirit  of  good  feeling. 

Clubbism.     Fondness  for  clubs  and  club-life. 

Companionship.     The  state  of  being  a  companion. 

Comradeship.     The  state  of  being  a  comrade. 

Consociation.     An  act  of  coming  together  to  form  a  society. 

Consortship.      Partnership,  as  of  husband  and  wife. 

Conviviality.     Mirth  and  good-comradeship  of  a  feast. 

Esprit  de  corps  [F  ].     A  spirit  of  common  sympathy. 

Familiarity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  familiar. 

Festivity.     Social  enjoyment. 

Good-fellowship.     Friendly  intercourse. 

Heartiness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  earnest  and  sincere. 

Hospitality.     Kind  treatment  of  strangers  or  guests. 

Intercommunity.     Harmonious  communion. 

Intercourse.     Frequent  association. 

Jollity.     The  quality  of  being  jolly. 

Joviality.     The  quality  of  being  jovial. 

Merrymaking.     Merriment;  jollity. 

Savoirvivre  [F  ].     Good  manners. 

Sociableness.  I  The  quality  of  being  sociab,e- 

Social  intercourse.     Interchange  of  thought  and  feeling. 

Sociality.     The  quality  of  being  social. 

Urbanity,  etc.     Refined  courtesy.     See  Politeness. 

Welcomeness.     The  quality  of  being  welcome. 


Anthrophobia.     Hatred  of  the  society  of  man. 

Banishment.     The  act  of  banishing  or  state  of  being  banished. 

Cut'direct.}Refusaltorecognize- 

Dead  cut.     Complete  cut. 

Delitescence.     The  state  of  being  concealed  or  hidden. 

Depopulation.  The  act  of  depopulating  or  state  of  being  depopu- 
lated. 

Desertion.     The  act  of  forsaking,  as  a  duty,  party,  or  friend. 

Desolation.     The  act  of  making  or  state  of  being  desolate. 

Dissociability.     Lack  of  sociability. 

Domesticity.     The  state  of  being  domestic 

Estrangement  from  the  world.  Entire  separation  from  worldly 
pleasures  and  activities. 

Exclusion.     The  act  of  excluding  or  state  of  being  excluded. 

Excommunication.  The  act  of  excommunicating  or  state  of  being 
excommunicated 

Exile.     Banishment  from  home  or  country  by  civil  authority. 

Inhospitableness,  etc.     The  quality  of  being  inhospitable. 

Inhospitality.     Same  as  inhospitableness. 

Isolation.     The  act  of  making  or  state  of  being  isolated. 

Loneliness.     The  state  or  feeling  of  being  lonely. 

Ostracism.     Banishment  in  general. 

Privacy.     The  state  of  being  private 

Proscription.     The  act  of  proscribing  or  state  of  being  proscribed. 


SOCIABILITY. 


\)Ho 


SOCIABILITY— PRIVACY. 


SOCIABILITY—  PRIVACY—  Continued. 


Sociability — Nouns  of  Agency. 
Bon  enfant  [F  J     A  good  fellow. 

Jolly  fellow.  I  A  Person  ful1  of  life  and  mirth- 

Sociability — Associated  Nouns. 

Afternoon  party.     A  party  held  between  noon  and  sunset. 

Appointment.     An  agreement  to  meet. 

Assembly,  etc.  A  number  of  persons  met  together  for  social  enjoy- 
ment.    See  Gathering. 

Assignation.     An  appointment  to  meet. 

At  home.     At  one's  own  abode. 

Ball.     A  formal  evening  assembly  for  dancing. 

Call.     A  brief  social  visit. 

Circle  of  acquaintance.  The  list  of  persons  with  whom  one  is  ac- 
quainted. 

Club,  etc.  An  organization  of  persons  who  meet  for  social  inter- 
course.    See  Association. 

Conversazione  [It  J.     A  meeting  for  conversation. 

Coterie.     A  circle  of  persons  who  meet,  as  for  social  entertainment. 

Dish  of  tea.     The  drink  served  at  a  social  gathering. 

Drum.     A  social  gathering,  formerly  a  noisy  party. 

Entertainment.     The  act  of  receiving  and  caring  for  guests. 

Evening  party.     A  party  held  after  sunset. 

Family  circle.     The  members  of  a  family 

Festival,  etc.     A  public  entertainment.     See  Entertainment. 

Festive  board.     A  feast. 

Garden-party.     An  open-air  party 

Greeting.     Salutation  on  meeting. 

Hearty  reception.     Pleasant  manner  of  receiving. 

House  warming.  An  entertainment  in  honor  of  the  entry  of  a  family 
into  a  new  home. 

Interview.  A  formal  or  appointed  consultation.  See  Conversa- 
tion • 

Kettledrum.      A  somewhat  informal  ladies'  afternoon  party. 

Levee.     A  morning  reception. 

Matinee.  An  entertainment  or  reception  formerly  held  in  the  morn- 
ing, but  now  usually  in  the  afternoon. 

Morning  call.     A  call  made  before  noon. 

Morning  party.*  A  party  held  before  noon. 

Partie  carrie  [F  ]      A  party  of  two  men  and  two  women. 

Party.     A  company  of  persons  assembled  for  social  entertainment. 

Reception.     The  act  of  receiving,  or  welcoming  guests. 

Rtdotto  [It. ]      A  musical  and  dancing  entertainment. 

Round  of  visits.     Visits  upon  all  of  one"s  acquaintances. 

Rout.     A  disorderly  assembly. 

Social  circle.     The  people  with  whom  one  is  intimately  acquainted. 

Social  gathering.  \  A  company  of  persons  met  for  social  entertain- 

Social  reunion.     )       ment. 

Society.     The  fashionable  portion  of  a  community. 

Sctree  [F  J     An  evening  party. 

Sorosis.     A  woman's  club. 

Tea-party.     A  social  gathering  at  which  tea  is  served. 

The  feast  of  reason  and  the  flow  of  soul.  A  social  and  literary  gath- 
ering.    [Pope,  Satires,  I,u,  127.] 

Tryst.     An  appointment  to  meet. 

Trysting-place.     A  place  agreed  upon  for  meeting. 

Visit.     The  act  of  coming  to  see  a  person. 

Visitant.     One  who  visits. 

Visiting.     Coming  to  see  a  person. 

Warm  reception.     A  pleasant  manner  of  receiving. 

Welcome.     A  hearty  greeting  given. 

Welcome  reception.     A  cordial  reception. 

Sociability — Ve*bs. 

Consort.     To  join,  as  in  sympathy;  live  together. 

Embrace.     To  clasp  in  the  arms. 

Entertain.     To  care  or  provide  amusement  for. 

Fraternize.     To  mingle  as  companions. 

Join.     To  bring  together;  to  associate  with. 

Know.     Be  familiarly  acquainted  with. 

Receive.     Extend  a  welcome  to. 

Visit.     Make  a  visit  with. 

Welcome.     Extend  a  welcome  to 

Sociability — Verbal  Expressions 

Associate  with ;  be  acquainted,  etc  ;  bear  one  company;  be  at  home; 
be  at  home  with;  beat  up  one's  quarters;  be  sociable,  etc. ;  call  at; 
call  upon;  club  together;  crack  a  bottle  with;  do  the  honors;  drop 
in,  eat  off  the  same  trencher;  feel  at  home  with;  give  a  party;  give 
a  warm  reception  to;  hang  out;  interchange  cards;  interchange 
visits;   keep  company  with;   keep  open  house;   kill  the  fatted  calf ; 


Recess.     Cessation  from  employment. 

Reclusion.     Retirement  from  the  world. 

Retirement.     The  act  of  retiring  or  state  of  being  retired. 

Rus  in  urbe  [L]      Country  in  city 

Rustication.     The  act  of  rusticating  or  state  of  being  rusticated. 

Seclusion.     The  act  of  secluding  or  state  of  being  secluded. 

Snugness.     The  state  of  being  snug 

Solitariness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  solitary.     See  Solitude 

Solitude.     The  state  of  being  solitary. 

Voluntary  exile.     Withdrawal  from  society  of  one's  own  accord. 

Privacy — Denotations. 

Anchoret.  \  A  person  who  has  withdrawn  himself  from  the  world  for 

Anchorite./      religious  seclusion. 

Castaway.     One  who  is  cast  out  from  his  family  or  from  society. 

Cell.     A  hermit  s  hut  or  cave. 

Cenobite.     A  monk  as  distinguished  from  a  religious  recluse. 

Closet  cynic.     A  pessimistic  person  who  has  withdrawn  from  society. 

Convent,  etc.  A  house  occupied  by  a  body  of  monks  or  nuns.  See 
Fane 

Country-seat.     A  retired  home  in  the  country. 

Darby  and  Joan.  The  subjects  of  Woodf all's  .ballad.  The  Jlappy 
Old  Couple. 

Diogenes.     The  most  famous  of  the  cynic  philosophers. 

Disciple  of  Zimmerman.  A  follower  of  Johann  Zimmerman,  who 
taught  withdrawal  from  the  world. 

Hermit.     One  who  abandons  society  and  lives  alone. 

Hermitage.     The  retreat  of  a  hermit. 

Howling  wilderness.     Wild  and  dismal  country. 

Outcast.     One  who  is  cast  out  from  home  or  country. 

Pariah.     A  Hindu  outcast. 

Pilgarlic.     A  sneaking,  chicken-hearted  fellow. 

Recluse.     One  who  lives  in  retirement  or  seclusion. 

Ruralist.     One  who  leads  a  rural  life. 

Sanctum  sanctorum  [L.].     The  holy  of  holies. 

Santon.     A  Mohammedan  hermit. 

Simeon  Stylites.  The  first  of  the  pillar-saints.  He  stood  continually 
on  the  top  of  a  pillar  for  his  last  30  years,  near  Antioch,  459- 

Solitaire.     A  hermit  or  recluse. 

Timon  of  Athens.    A  misanthrope.    [Shakespeare,  Timon  of  Athens.) 

Troglodyte.     A  cave-dweller,  figuratively,  a  hermit. 

Wilderness,  etc.  A  wild,  unsettled  country.  See  Fertility-Ster- 
ility 

Privacy — Verbs. 

Abandon,  etc  To  forsake  or  give  up  utterly.  See  Quest-Abandon- 
ment. 

Banish.  To  cause  to  leave  one's  country  by  a  judicial  decree;  drive 
from  a  certain  place. 

Blackball.     To  vote  against;  to  ostracize. 

Cut.     Refuse  to  recognize. 

Cut  off  from.     Deprive  of  the  privileges  or  use  of 

Deny  oneself.     Refuse  oneself  a  gratification. 

Depopulate.     Remove  the  inhabitants  from. 

Dispeople.     Depopulate. 

Exclude.     To  shut  or  keep  out  purposely  or  forcibly. 

Excommunicate.     To  cut  off  from  membership. 

Exile.     Cause  to  go  into  exile. 

Expatriate.     To  drive  from  one's  fatherland. 

Ostracize.  Subject  to  ostracism  or  banishment  from  Athens  by  a 
vote  with  an  oyster-shell. 

Outlaw.     Drive  from  the  protection  of  the  law. 

Proscribe.  Declare  to  be  a  public  enemy  and  outside  the  aid  of  the 
law. 

Repel.     Keep  at  a  distance. 

Retire.     Withdraw  and  remain  in  private. 

Rusticate.     To  live  in  the  country. 

Seclude  oneself.     Remove  and  keep  oneself  apart  from  others. 

Unpeople.     Depopulate. 

Privacy — Verbal  Expressions. 

Aller  planter  ses  cokux  [F.],  to  retire  into  the  country;  be  secluded; 
creep  into  a  corner;  cut  dead;  draw  a  cordon  round;  hold  oneself 
aloof;  hold  oneself  in  the  background ;  keep  at  arm's  length;  keep 
in  the  background;  keep  oneself  aloof;  keep  snug;  live  secluded; 
look  cool  upon;  refuse  to  acknowledge;  refuse  to  associate  with; 
retire  from  the  world ;  send  to  Coventry;  shut  oneself  up;  shut  the 
door  upon;  stand  aloof;  stand  in  the  background;  take  the  veil; 
turn  one's  back  upon. 


SOCIABILITY. 


986 


SOCIETY— LUDICROUSNESS. 


SOCIABILITY—  PRIVACY— Continued. 


SOCIABILITY— Verbal  Expressions— Continued. 

leave  a  card;  live  at  free  quarters;  look  in;  look  one  up;  make 
acquaintance  with,  etc.  (see  Amity);  make  advances;  make  free 
with;  make  oneself  at  home  with;  pay  a  visit;  receive  hospitality ; 
receive  with  open  arms;  sort  with;  walk  hand  in  hand  with. 

Sociability — Adjectives. 

Acquainted.     Personally  known;  having  mutual  knowledge. 
Chatty.     Familiar  and  gossipy. 

Clubable.     Liking  club-life  and  able  to  play  a  part  in  it. 
Companionable.     Capable  of  being,  or  inclined  to  be,  a  pleasing  com- 
panion. 
Conversable.     Disposed  to  converse. 
Conversational.     Given  to  conversation. 
Convivial.     Devoted  to  feasting;  jovial. 
Cosey.  | 

Cosy.    >  Contented  and  sociable. 
Cozy.  ) 

Entertained.     Treated  as  a  guest.     See  Verbs. 
Familiar.     Having  intimate  personal  knowledge. 
Festal.     Pertaining  to  a  festival  or  feast;  merry;  festive. 
Festive.     Pertaining  to  a  feast;  joyous. 
Fite  [P.J,     Festive. 
Free  and  easy.     At  home. 

Gregarious.     Going  or  inclined  to  go  in  blocks  or  companies. 
Hail  fellow  well  met.     On  very  familiar  or  cordial  terms. 
Homiletical .     Conversable . 
Hospitable.     Entertaining  pleasantly. 
International.     Pertaining  to  two  or  more  nations. 
Jolly.     Full  of  or  expressing  life  and  mirth. 
Jovial.     Possessing  or  expressing  mirth  and  good-fellowship. 
Neighborly.     Disposed  to  cultivate  acquaintance. 
On  visiting  terms.     Acquainted. 

Sociable.     Inclined  to  seek  society :  agreeable  in  company. 
Social.     Pertaining  to  society;  sociable. 
Welcome.     Cordially  received. 
Welcome  as  a  rose  in  May.     Well  received. 

Sociability — Adverbs,  etc. 
Alia  vostra  salute  [It.].     To  your  health. 
Arm  in  arm.     Sociably. 
Avotresanti  [F.].     To  your  health. 
En  famille  [F.].     In  the  family. 
In  the  family  circle.     Familiarly. 

Sans ceremonie  [F.].     Without  ceremony;  familiarly. 
Sans  facon  [F.].     Informally. 


Privacy — Adjectives. 


PRIVACY — Continued  from  Column  2. 
P  r  1  v  a  c  y — Phrases . 
Magna  civitas,  magna  solitudo  [L.].     A  great  city,  a  great  solitude. 
Noli  me  tangere  [L.].     Don't  touch  me. 


Abandoned.     Left  alone.     See  Verbs. 

Banished.     Driven  from  home  or  country.     See  Verbs. 

Bye.     Situated  apart  or  aside. 

Cynical.     Sneering  or  criticizing  others. 

Delitescent.     Concealed;  in  retirement. 

Derelict.     Deserted  or  abandoned. 

Deserted.     Abandoned  permanently  or  without  consideration. 

Deserted  in  one's  utmost  need.     Left  when  help  is  most  needed. 

Desolate.     Deprived  of  inhabitants;  made  lonely. 

Dissocial.     Not  inclined  to  be  social. 

Domestic.     Pertaining  to  or  liking  home  duties. 

Estranged.     Distant  in  interest;  made  a  stranger. 

Forlorn.     Without  hope;  forsaken;  lost. 

Friendless.     Without  a  friend. 

Homeless.     Without  a  home. 

Incommunicative .     Reserved. 

Inconversable.     Not  conversable. 

Inhospitable.     Not  hospitable. 

Isolated.     Detached  from  others, 

Kithless.     Without  kith. 

Left  to  shift  for  oneself.     Deserted. 

Lonely.     Deserted  by  human  beings. 

Lonesome.     Sad  because  of  loneliness. 

Lorn.     Without  kindred  or  friends;  lost,  forlorn. 

Outcast.     Rejected  as  unworthy. 

Private.     Removed  from  public  view. 

Retired.     In  privacy.     See  Verbs. 

Sauvage  [F.].     Savage;  unsociable. 

Secluded.     Apart  from  others. 

Sequestered.     Withdrawn  into  obscurity  or^olitude. 

Single.     Having  no  companion. 

Snug.     Not  exposed  to  notice. 

Solitary.     Living  or  being  alone;  unfrequented  by  human  beings. 

Stay-at-home. 

Tenantless.     Without  a  tenant. 

The  world  forgetting,  by  the  world  forgot.     Livingin  privacy.    TPope: 

Eloise,  207 .] 
Unclubable.     Not  clubable. 
Under  a  cloud.     With  an  injured  reputation. 
Unfrequented.     Not  resorted  to  or  crowded  with  people. 
Unfriended.     Not  helped  by  friends. 
Unhabitable.     Not  fit  to  be  inhabited. 
Uninhabited.     Not  dwelt  in. 
Unintroduced.     Not  made  known  to. 
Uninvited.     Not  having  had  one's  presence  requested. 
Unsociable.     Not  sociable. 
Unsocial.     Not  social. 
Unvisited.     Not  visited. 
Unwelcome.     Not  welcome. 

(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


so'-cia-ble.     Social;      carriage.     Conveyance-Vessel, 

Sociability-Privacy. 
so'-cia-ble-ness.      Companionableness.       Sociability- 

PrIVaCY. 

so'-cial.  Friendly;  loving  mankind.  Humanity, 
Sociability-Privacy;  social  circle,  Sociability- 
Privacy;  social  evil,  Purity-Impurity;  social  gath- 
ering, Sociability-Privacy;  social  science,  Humani- 
tarianism-Misanthropy. 

so'-cial-ism.     Polity;    ownership;    government.       Hu- 


manitarianism  -  misanthropy,  participation, 

Rule-License,  Tyranny-Anarchy. 

so'-cial-ist.  One  who  advocates  socialism.  Partici- 
pation. 

so"-ci-al'-i-ty.     Sociability.     Sociability-Privacy. 

so-ci'-e-ty.  Mankind;  association;  fashionable.  As- 
sociation, Humanity,  Sociability-Privacy,  So- 
ciety-Affectation, Society-Dandy,  Society-De- 
rision, Society  -  Laughingstock,  Society  -  Ludi- 
crousness;  position  in  society,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 


SOCIETY— LUDICROUSNESS. 


Air.     Impression  made  by  a  person's  appearance. 

Arbiter  elegantiarum  [L.].     An  authority  in  matters  of  taste. 

Beau  monde  [F.].     World  of  society. 

Bienseance  [F.l.     Propriety. 

Bon  ton  [F.J.     Highest  fashion. 

Breeding.     Manner  and  conduct  as  a  result  of  birth  and  training. 

Civilization.     An  improved  condition  of  man. 

Civilized  life.     Life  among  the  most  advanced  peoples. 

Conventions  of  society.     Rules  of  polite  society. 

Court.     Council  and  retinue  of  a  king,  usually  the  model  of  fashions. 

Custom.     General  usage . 

Decorum.     Quality  of  being  suitable  to  character,  time,  or  occasion- 


Absurdity.     Anything  nonsensical  or  ridiculous. 

Anticlimax.     A  falling  off  in  the  importance  of  ideas. 

Bathos.     A  ridiculous  anticlimax. 

Bombast.     Extravagant  language  on  unimportant  subjects. 

Buffoonery.     Coarse  jokes  and  antic  gestures. 

Burlesque.     A  ludicrous  imitation,  either  written  or  acted. 

Comedy.     A  trivial,  amusing  drama. 

Comicality.     That  which  is  comical. 

Doggerel  verses.     Rude  burlesque  poetry. 

Drollery.     That  which  is  laughable  and  odd. 

Extravagance.     Something  beyond  the  limits  of  truth. 

Farce.     Something  absurdly  exaggerated. 


SOCIETY. 


987 


SOCIETY— LUDICROUSNESS. 


SOCIETY— LUDICROUSNESS— CwtftWd. 


Demeanor.     Bearing  as  indicative  of  a  temper  of  the  mind. 

Drawing-room.     A  room  appropriated  for  the  reception  of  company. 

Dress.     Attention  to  apparel. 

Elite  [F.].     Choicest  part  of  society. 

Etiquette.     Ceremonial  code  of  polite  society. 

Fashion.     Recognized  custom  in  small  matters. 

Fashionable  world.     The  people  who  follow  the  fashions  closely. 

Form.     Conventional  rules  of  society. 

Formality.     Adherence  to  the  conventional  rules  of  society. 

Gay  world.     The  people  of  leisure  and  fashion. 

Gentility.     Characteristics  of  one  well  bred. 

Gentlemanliness.     Conduct  of  a  well-bred  man. 

Glass  of  fashion.     One  whom  or  that  which  is  copied  after  in  matters 

of  dress,  etc.     [Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  III,  i.] 
Go.     Fashion  or  mode. 

Good  society.     The  fashionable  portion  of  a  community. 
Height  of  fashion.     The  very  latest  fashion. 
High  life.     Life  of  the  well-bred  and  fashionable. 
Leader  of  fashion.     One  who  initiates  the  fashions. 
Manners.     Habitual  behavior  in  respect  to  etiquette  and  politeness. 

Man  of  the  world./  0ne  who  adJusts  himself  to  the  fashions. 
Mode.     The  fashion. 
Pink  of  fashion.      Latest  fashion. 
Point  of  etiquette.     A  rule  of  polite  society. 
Polite  society.     The  most  refined  portion  of  a  community. 
Prevailing  taste.     The  style ;  the  fashion. 

Propriety.     Accordance  with  recognized  principles    rules,  and  cus- 
toms. 
Punctilio.     Exactness  in  the  observance  of  etiquette. 
Rage.     Fashion. 

Savoir  faire  [F.].     Good  manners. 
Show.     Outward  display. 

Society.     Fashionable  portion  of  a  community. 
Star  of  fashion.     A  very  fashionable  person. 
Style.     Manner  or  form  approved  as  elegant  or  fashionable. 
Ton  [F.].     Fashion. 
Town.     The  center  of  fashion. 
Upper  ten  thousand.     The  fashionable  set. 
"Vanity  Fair."     World  of  fashion.     [Bunyan.  Thackeray  .J 
Vogue.     Popular,  temporary  fashion. 

Woman  of  fashion.     \  ^         ,        , .         ,         ,,        ,     ,    _, 
Woman  of  the  world.)  0ne  who  ad->usts  ber^lf  to  the  fashions. 
World,     People  of  fashion. 

Society — Verbs. 
Be  fashionable.     To  be  in  style. 
Behave  oneself. 

Be  the  rage.     To  be  very  fashionable. 
Bring  into  fashion.     To  lead  others  to  use  or  do. 
Conform  to  the  fashion.     To  be  stylish. 
Cut  a  figure  in  society.     To  be  popular  in  society. 
Fall  in  with  the  fashion. )  ™    .     r    ,  .       .  , 
Follow  the  fashion.  /  To  **  fashionable. 

Give  a  tone  to  society.     To  raise  the  standard  of  society. 
Go  with  the  stream.     To  follow  the  fashion. 
Have  a  run.     To  be  fashionable  for  a  short  time. 
Keep  one's  carriage.    I  «    ,      .    ,  .       ., 
Keep  up  appearances./  To  **  £ashlonable. 
Pass  current.     To  be  generally  accepted. 
Savoir  faire  [F.L     To  know  just  what  to  do. 
Savoir  vivre  [P.J.     To  have  good  manners. 
Set  the  fashion.     To  initiate  the  fashion. 

Society — Adjectives. 
Admissible  in  society .1  t,..  ,  , 

Admitted  in  society.    J  Flt  for  good  society. 

A  la  mode  [F  ]      According  to  a  certain  fashion.  / 

Civil.     Observant  of  the  proprieties  of  speech  and  manner. 
Conune  il  faut  [F.].     As  it  should  be. 
Conventional.     Growing  out  of  custom. 
Courtly.     Having  the  refinement  becoming  to  a  court. 
Dashing.     Showy  and  gay. 
D6gag6  [F.].     Easy  and  unconstrained. 
Distingui  [F.].      Noticeable;  attractive. 
En  grand  tenue  [F.l.      In  full  dress. 
Fashionable.      According  to  the  fashion. 
Fast.     Given  up  to  extravagant  and  sensuous  pleasures. 
Genteel.     Suited  to  the  station  of  a  gentleman. 
Gentlemanlike.)  ~  .  „  .      , 

Gentlemanly.     I  Becoming  a  well-bred  man. 

In  court  dress. 

In  evening  dress.     In  full  dress. 


Frippery.     Second-hand  finery. 
Laughing-stock.     A  butt  for  literature. 
Monstrosity.     Something  greatly  exaggerated. 
Oddity.     Anything  that  creates  laughter. 
Ridiculousness.     Quality  of  being  ridiculous. 

Ludicrousness — Verbs. 
Be  ridiculous.     To  create  laughter  by  one's  actions. 
Commit  an  absurdity.     To  do  something  nonsensical. 
Make  a  fool  of  oneself.     To  do  something  foolish. 
Make  one  laugh.     To  act  foolishly. 
Pass  from  the  sublime  to  the  ridiculous.     To  pass  from  something 

worthy  to  something  laughable. 
Play  the  fool.     To  act  a  foolish  part. 

Ludicrousness — Adjectives. 
Awkward.     Ungraceful  in  action. 
Baroque.     Fantastical  in  style. 
Bizarre.     Odd  in  manner  or  appearance. 
Bombastic.     Marked  by  bombast. 
Burlesque.     Having  the  qualities  of  burlesque. 

Comical  1  Adapted  to  produce  mirth. 
Contemptible.     Worthy  of  contempt  or  ridicule. 
Doggerel.     Weak,  trivial,  or  absurd:  said  of  verse. 

DroliishJ  ^"g^ble  and  odd. 

Eccentric.     Departing  from  the  ordinary  modes  and  customs; 

Extravagant.     Beyond  the  limits  of  truth. 

Fanciful.     Irregular  and  extravagant  in  opinion  or  taste. 

Fantastic.     Absurdly  fanciful. 

Farcical.     Absurdly  exaggerated. 

Funny.     T.  aughable. 

Gimcrack.     Cheap  and  showy. 

Grotesque.     Misshapen  or  ludicrously  odd. 

Inflated.     Bombastic;  pompous. 

Ironical.     Characterized  by  irony. 

Laughable.     Very  ludicrous. 

Ludicrous.     Tending  to  produce  laughter. 

Mock  heroic.     Burlesque  in  heroic  style. 

Monstrous      Greatly  exaggerated. 

Odd.     Unmatched;  not  common. 

Outlandish.     Strange  and  uncouth. 

Out  of  the  way      Uncommon. 

Outre  [F.].     Overstrained. 

Pour  rire  [F.].     Laughable. 

Preposterous.     Utterly  absurd. 

Quaint.     Pleasingly  odd. 

Queer.     Out  of  the  common  way. 

Quizzical.     Absurd  and  puzzling. 

Ridiculous.     Contemptible  and  funny. 

Risible.     Mirthful. 

Rum.     Odd;  queer;  used  contemptuously. 

Serio-comic.     Combining  mirth  and  gravity. 

Stilted.     Artificial  and  elevated  in  manner  or  style.  ' 

Strange.     New  or  foreign  to  the  observer. 

Tragi-comic.     Of  a  mixture  of  grave  and  comic  scenes. 

Whimsical.  ln     ,     .       .       t. 

Whimsical  as  a  dancing  bear./  Pr°d"™g  laughter. 

Ludicrousness — Phrases. 
Du  sublime  au  ridicule  il  n'v  a  qu'tin  pas  [F.J.      From  the  subline 

to  the  ridiculous  there  is  but  a  step.     [Napoleon.] 
Rideret  Heraclitus  [L.].     Heraclitus  would  laugh. 
Risum  teneatis,  amici  [L.].     Can  you,  my  friends, forbear  laughing? 

[Horace,  Ars  Poetica,  5.] 


SOCIETY — Adjectives — Continued. 

In  fashion.     According  to  style. 

In  full  dress.     Dressed  properly  for  formal,  social  occasions. 

JaunytyjShowya,;datease- 

Ladylike.     Becoming  to  a  woman  of  good  breeding. 

Modish.     Fashionable . 

Newfangled       New  and  1  ovel. 

Polished.     Possessing  the  elegancies  of  speech  and  manners. 

Polite.     Observing  the  proprieties,  and  careful  of  the  comfort  of 

others. 
Presentable.     Fit  for  society. 
Recherchi  [F.].     Nice  to  an  extreme. 
Refined.     Devoid  of  anything  coarse;  cultivated. 
Stylish.     According  to  approved  style. 


SOCIETY. 


988 


SOCIETY— AFFECTATION. 


SOCIETY — Adjectives — Continued. 


Thoroughbred.     Showing  the  qualities  of  good  breeding. 
Unembarrassed.     Not  disturbed  in  the  presence  of  others. 
Well-behaved.     Conducting  oneself  properly. 


Well-bred.     Trained  to  good  manners. 
Well-mannered.     Well-bred. 
Well-spoken.     Cultivated  in  speech. 


Fashionable.     According  to  fashion. 


A  la  francaise  [F.].     In  French  style. 
^  I'anufricaine  [F.].     In  American  style. 
A  Vanglaise  [F.].     In  the  English  style. 
A  la  pa'isienne  [F.].     In  the  Parisian  style. 


Dandy 


Society — Adverbs,  etc. 

For  fashion's  sake. 
Society — Phrases. 


According  to  fashion. 


Autre  temps,  autre  maturs  [F.].      Change  of  time,  change  of  manner* 
Chaque  pays  a  sa  guise  [F.].     Each  country  has  its  style. 
Y  d  Roma  por  todo  [Sp.].     To  Rome  for  everything. 


SOCIETY— DANDY. 


Beau.     A  dandy. 

Blade.     A  rake. 

Blood.     A  gay,  showy  man. 

Buck.     A  dashing  fellow. 

Carpet-knight.     An  effeminate  man  averse  to  manly  sports. 

Coquette.     Vain  girl,  trifling  in  love. 

Coxcomb.     Vain,  showy  fellow. 

Dandiprat.     A  dapperling. 

Dandy.     A  man,  dainty  in  attire  and  manners. 

Exquisite.     A  dandy. 

Fast  man.     One  given  over  to  dissolute  pleasures. 

line  Udy!eman'}  Pere°ns  «iven  to  di^- 
Fop.     A  dandy. 

SOCIETY- 
Affectatiom. 
Acting  a  part.     Making  pretension  to  something  one  is  not. 
A„e  .    .      '    \  Assuming  what  is  not  real,  or  unnatural. 

Airs.     Show  of  pride  or  vanity. 

Boasting.     Ostentatious  talk  about  oneself. 

Buckram.     Stiffness  of  manner. 

Charlatanism.     Boasting.     See  Bragging. 

Conceit.     Overestimation  of  oneself. 

Coquetry.     Vain  trifling  in  love. 

Coxcombry.     Practises  and  arts  of  a  coxcomb. 

Dandyism.     Manners  and  dress  of  a  dandy. 

Demureness.     Affected  modesty. 

Euphuism.     Affectation  of  elegance  in  writing. 

False  shame.     Affected  shame. 

Foppery.     Fastidiousness  in  dress  and  deportment. 

Formality.     Strict  observance  of  rules  of  etiquette  and  good  style. 

Grimace.     Hypocritical  expression  of  interest  or  feeling. 

Man-millinery.     Effeminacy. 

Mannerism.     Characteristic  peculiarities  carried  to  success. 

Mauvaise  honte  [F.].     False  modesty. 

Minauderie  [F.].     False  shame. 

Mock  modesty.     Assumed  modesty. 

Pedantry.     Vain  and  uncalled-for  display  of  knowledge. 

Pricieuse  ridicule  [F.].     One  of  the  ridiculous  fine  ladies  of  Moliere. 

Precisianism .     O  verpreciseness . 

Pretense.     Holding  forth  as  true  what  is  unreal. 

Pretension.     Assertion  or  display  of  a  quality  as  possessed. 

Profundity.     Depth  of  knowledge. 

Prudery.     Excessive  or  affected  scrupulousness  in  speech  or  conduct. 

Puppyism.     The  manners  and  actions  of  a  puppy. 

Purism.     Affectation  of  rigid  purity  in  use  of  words. 

Quackery.     The  boastful  pretensions  of  a  quack. 

Sentimentalism.     Indulgence  in  displays  of  exaggerated  feelings. 

Shallow  profundity.     An  affected  learning,  etc. 

Simagree.     A  grimace. 

Stiffness.     State  of  formality  and  constraint. 

Teratology.     Affectation  of  sublimity. 

Affectation — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Actor.     One  who  assumes  a  character  that  is  not  real. 

Affector.     One  given  to  studied  pretense  or  attempt. 

Bas  bleu  [F.].     A  bluestocking. 

Bluestocking.     A  pedantic  and  undomestic  literary  woman. 

Charlatan.      One  who  makes  unwarranted  pretensions  to  knowledge. 

Coquette.     A  woman   who  endeavors   to    attract   admiration    and 

advances  in  love,  merely  to  gratify  her  vanity. 
Doctrinaire.     One  whose  views  are  derived  from  theories  rather  than 

from  facts. 
Euphuist.     One  who  indulges  in  euphuism. 


Fribble.     A  trifler. 

Jackadandy.     An  insignificant  fop. 

Jackanape.     An  impertinent  fellow. 

Jemmy.     A  spruce  young  fellow. 

Jemmy  Jessamy.     A  showy,  vain  person. 

Mccaroni .      A  fop. 

Man  about  town.     Fashionable  idler. 

Man-milliner.     An  effeminate  man. 

Petit-maitre  [F.].     Coxcomb. 

Popinjay.     A  chattering  coxcomb. 

Prig.     Pert,  conceited  fellow. 

Puppy.     Conceited,  finely  dressed  young  man. 

Spark.     Dressy  man,  fond  of  gallantry. 

Swell.     A  dandy. 

—AFFECTATION. 


Flatterer.     One  who  tries  to  please  or  gain  favor  by  a  complimentary 

speech  or  conduct. 
Grimacer.     One  who  is  in  the  habit  of  distorting  his  feature*  In 

affectation. 
Lump  of  affectation.     A  very  pretentious  person. 
Mannerist.     A  person  addicted  to  one  manner  or  style. 
Pedagogue.     A  conceited,  narrow-minded  teacher. 
Pedant.     A  scholar  who  makes  needless  display  of  his  learning. 
Performer.     One  who  acts  a  part. 
Petit-maitre  [F.].     A  fop;  a  dude. 
Poetaster.     A  mere  rimer  or  verse-maker. 

Prig.     A  conceited  person  who  assumes  superior  learning,  virtue,  etc. 
Prude.     A  woman  who  makes  an  affected  display  of  modesty. 
Purist.     One  who  is  overparticular  as  to  purity  of  literarv  style. 
Puritan.     One  who  is  scrupulously  strict  in  his  religious  life. 

Affectation — Verbs. 
Act  a  part.     To  assume  a  character  which  one  is  not. 
Affect.     Assume  what  is  not  real  or  unnatural. 
Attitudinize.     Assume  affected  attitudes. 
Boast.     Talk  ostentatiously  about  oneself. 
Coquet.     To  trifle  vainly  in  love. 
Flirt  a  fan.     To  draw  attention  to. 
Give  oneself  airs.     To  make  a  show  of  pride  or  vanity. 
Mince.     To  speak  imperfectly  with  affected  softness. 
Overact.     To  perform  to  excess. 
Overdo.     To  exaggerate,  as  manners  or  style. 
Pose.     To  assume  an  attitude  for  effect. 
Put  on.     To  affect. 
Simper.     To  smile  in  a  silly,  affected  manner. 

Affectation—  A  djectives. 
Ad  captandum  [L.J.     For  the  purpose  of  pleasing  or  attracting. 
Affected.     Having  assumed  what  is  not  real  or  unnatural. 
Artificial.     Unnatural;  feigned. 
Big-sounding.     Bombastic;  pompous. 
Conceited.     Having  a  high  estimation  of  oneself. 
Coxcombical.     Foppish . 
Dandified.     Foppish. 
Demure.     Affectedly  modest. 
Euphuistic.     Affectedly  elegant  in  writing. 
Finical.  1  D        .  . 
Finikin.  iFopP,sh- 

Foppish.     Vain  and  overnice  in  dress  and  deportment. 
Formal.     Strictly  observing  rules  of  etiquette. 
Full  of  affectation.      Affected. 
Manieri  [F.],     Affected*. 

Mincing.     Spoken  imperfectly  and  with  affected  softness. 
Namby-pamby.     Weakly  sentimental. 
Not  natural.     Unnatural. 
Overacted.     Performed  to  excess. 


SOCIETY. 


989 


SOCRATIC. 


SOCIETY—  AFFECTATION— Continued. 
AFFECTATION— Adjectives— Continued. 


Overwrought.}  Exaggerated;  too  elaborate. 

Pedantic.      Like  a  pedant. 

Pragmatical.      Unduly  busy. 

Pretentious.      Attempting  to  pass  for  more  than  one's  real  value. 

Priggish.     Like  a  prig. 

Prim.     Minutely  or  affectedly  nice  or  formal. 

Prudish.     Affectedly  modest. 

Puritanical.      Scrupulously  strict  in  morals  or  religion. 

Quakerish.      Scrupulous  in  dress. 

Self-conscious.      Unduly  conscious  of  one's  own  acts. 


Sentimental.     Indulging  in  displays  of  exaggerated  feelings; 

Simpering       Smiling  in  a  silly  or  affected  manner. 

Smug.     Affectedly  nice. 

Stagey.     Bombastic  in  style  or  manner. 

Starchy.     Stiff  and  precise. 

Stiff.     Formal  and  not  easy. 

Stilted.     Artificially  elevated  in  manner. 

Theatrical.     Pompous. 

Tire  a  quatre  epingles  fF."l.     To  touch  with  the  point  of  a  needle. 

Unnatural.     In  an  assumed  manner. 


SOCIETY— DERISION. 


Derision. 


Badinage.      Delicate,  refined  gossip. 

Banter.     Good-natured  wit  at  the  expense  of  another. 

Buffoonery.      Low  jests  and  ridiculous  pranks. 

Burlesque.     A   udicrous  imitation. 

Caricature.     A  picture  giving  a  grotesque  exaggeration  of  features 

or  peculiarities. 
Chaff.     Coarse  witticisms. 
Derision.     Hostile,  scornful  laughter. 
Farce.     A  ridiculous  proceeding. 
■Grin.     A  sneering  smile. 
Horse-play.      Boisterous  play. 
Irony.     A  use  of  words  in  which  the  meaning  is  contrary -to  the 

literal  sense. 
Irrision .     Derision. 
Mockery.      Derisive  mimicry. 
Parody.     A  trivial  imitation,  keeping  the  style,  but  changing  the 

subject. 
Persiflage.     Frivolous,  bantering  talk  or  writing. 
Practical  joke.     A  joke  which  is  done,  not  said. 


•Quib.  I 
Quip,  i 


A  gibe. 


Quiz.     An  absurd,  puzzling  question. 

Quizzing.     A  ridiculous  hoax. 

Raillery.      Satirical  merriment. 

Ridicule.      Contemptuous  laughter. 

Sardonic  grin.      Forced,  sarcastic  grin. 

Sardonic  smile.      Forced,  sarcastic  smile. 

Satire.     A  formal,  derisive  composition. 

Scoffing.     Contempt  for  serious  matters,  expressed  in  word,  look,  or 

deed. 
Skit.     A  short,  trivial  satire. 
Squib.     A  mild  lampoon. 

[  *  |  An  imitation  of  a  subject  in  a  trivial  or  grotesque  style. 


Travesty. 


Derision — Verbs. 


Banter.     To  be  good-naturedly  witty  at  another's  expense. 

Burlesque.     To  imitate  in  burlesque. 

Caricature.     To  sketch  with  grotesque  exaggerations  of  features  or 

peculiarities. 
•Chaff.     To  indulge  in  coarse  witticisms. 
Deride.     To  laugh  at  in  hostile  scorn. 
Fleer.     To  mock  with  the  looks. 
Fool.     To  deceive. 


Fool  to  the  top  of  one's  bent.     To  heartily  play  the  fool. 

Grin  at.     To  look  at  grinning. 

Joke.     To  indulge  in  jokes. 

Laugh  at.     To  express  one's  feelings  by  laughter. 

Laugh  in  one's  sleeve.     Laugh  on  the  sly. 

Make  a  fool  of.     To  cause  someone  to  appear  ridiculous. 

Make  a  fool  of  oneself.     To  place  oneself  in  a  ridiculous  position. 

Make  an  April  fool  of.     To  play  a  joke  on  someone  on  April  ist. 

Make  fun  of.     To  make  fun  at  someone's  expense. 

Make  game  of.     To  make  the  butt  of  a  play  or  game. 

Make  merry  with.     To  have  pleasure  together. 

Parody.     To  write  a  parody  on. 

Play  the  fool.     Act  a  foolish  part. 

Play  tricks  upon.     To  make  the  object  of  practical  jok««. 

Play  upon.     Make  sport  of. 

Poke  fun  at.     Make  sport  of. 

Quiz.     To  ask  absurd  puzzling  questions. 

Raise  a  laugh.     To  cause  laughter. 

Rally.     To  use  raillery. 

Ridicule.     To  contemptuously  hold  up  to  laughter. 

Roast.     To  ridicule  severely. 

Satirize.     To  treat  with  satire. 

Scoff.     To  treat  things  serious  with  contempt. 

Show  up.     To  expose. 

Smile  at.     To  express  slight  contempt  with  a  smile. 

Snigger.     To  laugh  in  a  suppressed  manner. 

Tehee.     A  restrained  laughter. 

Travesty.     To  imitate  a  subject  in  a  trivial  or  grotesque  style. 

Turn  into  ridicule.     To  make  laughable. 

Twit.     Tease  with  something  discreditable. 

Derision — Adjectives. 
Burlesque.     In  the  style  of  burlesque. 
Derisorv  1  Characterized  by  derision. 
Hudibrastic.     Coarsely  satirical  like  Hudibras. 
Ironical.     Mockingly  sarcastic. 
Mock.     Containing  derisive  mimicry. 
Quizzical.     Characterized  by  quizzes. 
Sarcastic.     Containing  covert,  bitter,  personal  satire. 
Scurrilous.     Low  and  indecent. 

Derision — Adverbs,  etc. 
In  ridiculi,  etc.     Scornfully.     See  Nouns. 


SOCIETY— LAUGHINGSTOCK. 


Laughingstock. 
April  fool.     Subject  of  practical  joke  on  April  ist. 
Buffoon.     A  practiser  of  buffoonery. 

Butt.     The  one  against  whom  criticism,  satire,  or  jokes  are  aimed. 
Comedian.     Humorous  actoi. 
Fair  game.     One  easily  made  a  laughing-stock. 
Game.     One  made  sport  of. 

Gazing-stock.     One  who  attracts  attention  by  a  queer  appearance. 
Jest.  | 

Jesting-stock.      VObject  of  jest  or  laughter. 
Laughing-stock. ) 
Monkey.     One  who  plays  tricks  like  a  monkey. 


Doctrine. 


Orthodoxy  -  Hetero- 


so-cin  -i-an-ism . 

DOXY. 

so"-ci-o-log'-ic-al.      Pertaining     to     sociology.     Eth- 
nology. 
so"-ci-ol'-o-gist.    One  versed  in  sociology.    Ethnology. 
so"-ci-ol'-o-gy.     Science  of  society.     Ethnology. 


Odd  fish.     An  odd  person. 

Oddity.     A  singular  person. 

Old  fogy.     An  elderly  person,  unsympathetic  with  the  young 

Original.     A  person  of  unique  character  or  genius. 

Pantomimist.     One  who  acts  by  gesticulation  only. 

Queer  fish.     A  queer  man. 

Quiz.     One  who  puts  absurd,  puzzling  questions. 

Square  toes.     An  old-fashioned,  formal  person. 

Laughingstock — Phrase. 

Dutn  vitant  stulti  vitia,  in  contraria  currunt  [L.].  Fools  white 
avoiding  a  vice  run  into  its  opposite. 

sock.     Stocking;  shoe.     Acting,  Dress-Undress. 

sock'-et.  Cavity.  Contents-Receiver,  Convexity- 
Concavity. 

so'-cle.     Base.     Suspension-Support. 

So-crat'-ic  meth'-od.  Dialectics.  Investigation- 
Answer. 


SOD. 


990 


SOLEMNIZATION. 


sod.     Sward.     Ctulf-Plain;    beneath    the    sod,  Life- 
Funeral. 
so-dal'-i-ty.     Brotherhood.     Amity-Hostility,    Asso- 
ciation. 
sod'-den.   Soaked;  boiled.    Dampness-Dryness,  Heat- 
ing-Cooling. 
so'-di-um.     An  element.     Chemistry. 
so'-fa.     Seat.     Suspension-Support. 
sof'-fit.     Ceiling.     Architecture. 
so'-fi.     Pantheist.   Ministry-Laity,  Orthodoxy-Het- 
erodoxy. 
soft.     Impressible;   smooth;    gentle;    mild;    pleasing; 
weak;      fool.     Bravery-Cowardice,    Compassion- 
Ruthlessness,  Credulousness-Skepticism,  Damp- 
ness-Dryness,      Discontinuance -Continuance, 
Hardness-Softness,  Harshness-Mildness,  Loud- 
ness-Faintness,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy,  Smoothness-Roughness,  Sound-Si- 
lence, Strength-Weakness,  Swamp-Island,  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness;   own  to  the  soft  impeachment, 
Exposure-Hidingplace;    soft  music,  Music;     soft 
sawder,  Adulation-Disparagement,  Pretext;  soft 
soap,  Adulation-Disparagement,  Pulpiness-Ros- 
in;    soft  tongue,  Politeness-Impoliteness;     soft 
words,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

sof'-ten.  Impressible;  smooth;  gentle;  mild;  pleas- 
ing; weak;  fool.  Alleviation-Aggravation, 
Bravery-Cowardice,  Compassion-Ruthlessness, 
Credulousness-Skepticism,  Dampness-  Dryness, 
Discontinuance  -  Continuance,  Hardness  -  Soft- 
ness, Harshness-Mildness,  Justification-Charge, 
Loudness-Faintness,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Sensi- 
tiveness-Apathy, Smoothness-Roughness,  Sound- 
Silence,  Strength -Weakness,  Swamp- Island, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

sof'-ten  down.  To  relieve.  Alleviation-Aggrava- 
tion. 

sof'-ten-ing.  Making  soft.  Alleviation-Aggrava- 
tion, Hardness-Softness,  Justification-Charge. 

sof'-ten-ing  of  the  brain.  Degeneration.  Might-Im- 
potence. • 

sof'-ter  sex.     Woman.     Male-Female. 

soft'-heart"-ed.  Tender-hearted.  Compassion-Ruth- 
lessness, Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

soft'-ling.     Voluptuary.     Creation-Destruction. 

soft'-ness.  Gentleness.  Hardness -Softness,  Mo- 
tive-Caprice, Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

soft"-spo'-ken.     Gentle.     Politeness-Impoliteness. 

sog'-gy.     Moist.     Dampness-Dryness. 

so-ho'.  Hallo;  hunting  cry.  Address- Response, 
Heed-Disregard,  Quest-Evasion. 

soi"-di"-sant'.  Self-styled.  Assertion -Denial, 
Bragging,  Conceit-Diffidence,  Gull-Deceiver, 
Name-Misnomer,  Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

soil.  Ground;  stain;  country.  Beauty- Ugli- 
ness, Cleanness-Filthiness,  Extension-District, 
Ocean-Land;  till  the  soil,  Domestication-Agri- 
culture, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

soiled.     Befouled.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

soil'-i-ness.     Tarnish.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

soil'-ure.     Soiling.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

soir,  ban  [P.]  (swar,  bon).  Good  evening.  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness, 

soirte  [F.]  (swa"-re') .  Evening  party.  Sociability- 
Privacy. 

so'-journ.  Residence.  Dweller-Habitation,  Pres- 
ence-Absence. 

so'-journ-er.     Resident.     Dweller-Habitation. 

sol'-ace.  Cheer;  pleasure.  Alleviation-Aggrava- 
tion, Entertainment-Weariness;  solace  oneself 
with,  Pleasure-Pain. 

•o'-lar.  Pertaining  to  the  sun.  Astronomy,  Uni- 
verse; solar  prominences,  Astronomy;  solar  sys- 
tem. Universe. 


so-la'-ti-um.     Compensation.    Recompense-Punition". 

Sol'-dan.     Sultan.     Chief-Underling. 

sold'-er.  Alloy;  unite.  Cohesion-Looseness,  Con- 
nective, Union-Disunion. 

sold'-er-ing.     Uniting.     Cohesion-Looseness. 

sol'-dier.     Fighter.     Belligerent. 

sol'-dier-like".     Martial.     Fighting-Conciliation. 

sol'-dier-ship.  State  of  a  soldier.  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation. 

sol'-dier-y.     A  body  of  soldiers.    Bravery-Cowardice. 

sol'-do.     Coin.     Values. 

sold  to  the  dev"-il.     Lost.     Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

sole.  Alone;  bottom.  Solitude-Company,  Suspen- 
sion-Support, Top-Bottom;  feme-sole,  Matri- 
mony-Celibacy. 

sol'-e-cism.  Impropriety.  Grammar-Solecism,  Ra- 
tiocination-Casuistry. 

sol'-e-cize.    To  do  improperly.    Grammar-Solecism. 

soleil,coupde[F.](so-l&ye',cude).  Sunstroke.  Heating- 
Cooling,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

sol'-emn.  Awe-inspiring;  sacred;  grave.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Devotion- 
Idolatry,  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection,  Pomp,  Reputation-Discredit;. 
solemn  mockery,  Pomp;  solemn  silence,  Sound- 
Silence. 

so-lem'-ni-ty.  Reverence.  Ceremonial,  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection;  funereal  solemnity,  Life-Fu- 
neral. 

sol"-em-ni-za'-tion.     Celebration.     Solemnization. 

SOLEMNIZATION. 

Celebration.  A  demonstration  of  respect  or  rejoicing  on  account  of 
or  in  memory  of. 

Commemoration.  A  solemn  demonstration  in  memory  of  some- 
person  or  event. 

Solemnization.     A  reverential  ceremony.^ 

Solemnization — Denotations. 

Bonfire.     A  large  fire  in  the  open  air  in  honor  of  some  person  or  event- 
Colors  flying.     Flags  waving  in  celebration  of  some  event. 
Coronation.     The  ceremony  of  crowning  a  monarch. 
Fanfare  [F.j\     A  flourish  of  trumpets. 
Fete.     A  festival ;  a  holiday.     See  Pomp. 
Feu  de  joie  [F.].     A  bonfire. 

Flourish  of  trumpets.     A  blast  from  many  trumpets. 
Harvest  home.     A  feast  after  the  harvest  has  been  gathered. 
Illumination.     The  act  of  lighting  up  for  festal  purposes. 
Inauguration.     The  ceremony  of  investing  persons  with  public  office* 
Installation.     The  ceremony  of  placing  in  office. 
Jubilation.     The  act  of  rejoicing. 
Jubilee.     A  season  of  rejoicing  or  festivity. 

Lord  Mayor's  show.     The  installation  of  the  lord  mayor  into  office-.. 
Ovation.     An  expression  of  popular  homage  and  applause. 
Paean.     A  song  of  joy  or  triumph. 
Presentation.     The  ceremony  attending  the  offering  of  a  comptt*- 

mentary  gift. 
Red-letter  day.     A  day  of  notable  festivity. 
Salute.     A  display  of  military,  naval,  or  other  official  honors. 

SI        f      t'll        J  ^  samte  given  by  firing  all  the  guns  at  one  timev 
Te  Deum  [L.].     A  Latin  hymn  of  p'aise.     See  Devotion. 
Triumph.     Joy  and  gratulation  on  account  of  great  success. 
Triumphal  arch.     An  arch  commemorating  some  great  event. 
Trophy.     A  memento  of  victory  or  success.     See  FROr-HY 

Solemnization — Verbs. 
Celebrate.     To  honor  by  ceremonies  of  joy  or  respect. 
Chair.     To  triumphantly  carry  in  a  chair. 
Commemorate.     To  recall  by  fitting  ceiemonics  the  memory  of 

person  or  event. 
Do  honor  to.     To  show  marks  of  respect  or  regard  for. 
Drink  to.     To  drink  to  one's  health  or  honor. 
Hallow.     To  hold  in  sacred  memory ,  to  treat  reverently. 
Hob  and  nob.     To  drink  socially. 
Hold  jubilee.     To  celebrate. 

Inaugurate.     To  seat  in  office  with  formal  ceremonies. 
Install.     To  place  in  charge  or  office  with  the  usual  ceremoniee. 
Keep.     To  observe  suitably. 


SOLEMNIZATION'. 


991 


SOLIDITY— RARITY. 


Kill  the  fatted  calf.     To  rejoice  with  a  great  feast.     [Bible.] 

Mark  with  a  red  letter.     To  have  a  notable  celebration. 

Pledge.     To  drink  the  health  of. 

Rejoice.     To  celebrate.     See  Jubilation. 

Roast  an  ox.     To  celebrate  with  a  feast. 

Signalize.     To  mark  with  distinction. 

Solemnize.     To  make  revered  by  religious  ceremonies. 

Toast.     To  drink  to  the  honor  or  health  of. 

Solemnization — Adjectives. 
Celebrated,  etc.     Marked  with  particular  ceremony.     See  Verbs. 
Celebrating,  etc.     Honoring.     See  Verbs. 
Commemorative.     Tending  to  keep  fresh  in  memory. 
Immortal.     Never  to  die. 
Solemnized.     Celebrated.     See  Verbs. 

Solemnization — Adverbs, etc. 
In  commemoration  of.  j  Jn  re  tQ  the  memory  of< 

In  honor  of.  J 

Solemnization — Interjections, 
All  hail! 
Hail! 

lopa-anf     [LJ     Shout  huzza! 
lo  triumphet     [L.]     Behold  the  triumphant! 
See  the  conquering  hero  comes  1 

Solemnization — Phrase. 
Magister  cere moni art urn  [L.].     Master  of  ceremonies. 

sol'-em-nize.     To  perform  with  honors.     Solemniza- 
tion. 
sol'-en-oid.     A  form  of  magnet.     Electricity. 


sol"-fa\     Choir-leader.     Musician. 

sol-feg'-gio.     Singing.     Music. 

so-lic'-it.  Ask;  entreat.  Desire-Distaste,  Motive- 
Caprice,  Petition-Expostulation;  solicit  the  at- 
tention, Heed-Disregard. 

so-lic'-it-ant.    Solicitous.     Desire-Distaste. 

so-lic"-i-ta'-tion.  Making  petition.  Motive-Caprice. 
Petition-Expostulation. 

so-lic'-it-or.  Attorney;  one  who  solicits.  Advocate, 
Consignee,  Petitioner. 

so-lic'-it-ous.     Anxious;  uneasy.     Desire-Distaste.     * 

so-lic'-i-tude.  Uneasiness;  anxiety.  Carefulness-' 
Carelessness,  Desire-Distaste,  Pleasure-Pain, 
Sang  uinen  ess-Timidity. 

sol'-id.      Compact;    strong;    substantial.      Certainty 
Doubt,   Entirety-Deficiency,   Knowledge-Igno- 
rance,  Persistence-Whim,  Sagacity-Incapacity, 
Solidity-Rarity,  Truth-Error. 

sol"-i-dar'-i-ty.  Oneness.  Association,  Entirety- 
Deficiency. 

sol'-i-date.     To  make  solid.     Solidity-Rarity. 

sol"-i-da'-tion.     A  making  solid.     Solidity-Rarity. 

so-lid'-i-fi-ca'-tion.  Reduction  to  a  solid.  Solidity- 
Rarity. 

so-lid'-i-fied.     Made  solid.     Solidity-Rarity. 

so-lid'-i-fy.     Unify.     Solidity-Rarity. 

so-lid'-i-ty.  Property  of  being  solid.  Entirety-De- 
ficiency, Sagacity-Incapacity,  Solidity-Rarity. 


SOLIDITY— RARITY . 


Consistence.     An  indefinite  degree  of  density  or  hardness. 

Densely.     Closeness  of  molecules  forming  the  body. 

Impenetrability.     The  quality  that  two  bodies  cannot   occupy   the 
same  space  at  the  same  time. 

Impermeability.     The  quality  of  being  so  closely  put  together  as  to 
allow  nothing  to  pass  through. 

Imporosity.     The  quality  of  having  no  pores;  compactness. 

Incompressibility.     Quality  of  not  being  able  to  be  forced  to  occupy 
less  volume. 

Indiscerptibility.     Inseparability. 

Indissolvableness.     The  quality  of  being  incapable  of  being  broken 
up  by  any  chemical  process. 

Indivisibility.     The  quality  of  being  inseparable. 

Solidity.     The  state  of  being  dense,  compact,  or  hard. 

Solidness.     The  quality  of  being  firm  or  dense. 

Spissitude.     The  quality  o:  being  dense  or  compact  from  evapora- 
tion. 

Solidity — Nouns  of  Instrument. 

Areometer      An  instrument  to  measure  specific  gravity  of  fluids. 

Hydrometer.     An   instrument   to  test  specific  gravity  of  liquids, 
especially  spirituous  and  saline  liquids. 

Solidity — Denotations, 
Block      A  solid  piece  of  wood,  metal,  or  other  material. 
Bone.     The  solid  framework  of  the  body. 
Cake.     A  hardened  mass  of  anything. 
Cartilage.     An  elastic  animal  tissue  or  gristle. 
Clot.     A  hardened  mass  of  an  evaporated  liquid,  as  of  blood. 
Coagulum.     A  clot  of  blood  or  serum. 
Concrete.     Ground  rock  cemented. 
Conglomerate.     An  irregular  solid  mass  of  particles. 
Curd.     The  coagulated  portion  of  milk. 

Deposit.     The  solid  substance  that  falls  to  the  bottom  of  a  liquid. 
Gristle .     Cartilage . 

Knot,     A  hard,  gnarled  portion  of  a  tree. 
Lump.     A  shapeless  mass  of  matter. 
Mass.     A  solid  body  of  concrete  matter. 
Precipitate.      The  solid  portions  in  a  liquid  which  settle  to  the 

bottom. 
Solid  body.     A  hard  and  firm  substance. 
Specific  gravity.     The  force  by  which  bodies  are  drawn  to  the  center 

of  the  earth . 
Stone.     A  piece  of  rock. 

SoLimrY-*- Nouns  of  Cause, 
Coagulation.     The  thickening  of  the  blood  by  evaporation. 
Cohesion.     The  attraction  by  which  molecules  in  a  body  are  held 
together. 


Absence  of  solidity.  The  quality  ot  being  soft  or  yielding.  See 
Solidity. 

Compressibility.     The  quality  of  being  compressible. 

Dilatation.     The  act  of  dilating,  or  of  expanding  on  all  sides. 

Ether.     A  very  rare  gas  above  the  atmosphere.     See  Liquid-Gas. 

Expansion.     An  increasing  in  amount,  size,  etc. 

Inflation.     A  filling  up,  as  with  air;  expansion. 

Rarefaction.     The  act  of  making  rare. 

Rarity.     State  or  quality  of  being  rare  or  rarefied. 

Sponginess.  State  of  being  spongy,  or  of  being"  elastic  and  com- 
pressible. 

Subtility.     State  of  being  subtile,  or  of  being  rare  or  rarefied. 

Subtilization.     The  act  of  rendering  subtile 

Tenuity.     State  of  being  thin ;  rare,  or  subtile. 

Rarity —  Verbs. 
Dilate.     To  spread  out  in  all  directions;  puiT  out. 
Expand.     To  enlarge;  increase  the  scope  of. 
Rarefy.     To  make  rare. 
Subtilize.     To  make  subtile. 

R  a  r  i  t  y — Adjectives . 
Cavernous.     Filled  with  small  cavities  or  cells-    having  a  porous 

texture. 
Compressible.     Capable  of  being  pressed  into  a  smaller  space. 
Fine.     Not  coarse ;  tenuous;  subtile. 
Flimsy.     Having  no  substantial  texture. 

Light.     Lacking  density  or  weight.     See  Heaviness-Lightnbss. 
Rare.     Occurring  but  seldom;  thinly  scattered. 
Rarefied.     Made  rare.     See  Verbs. 
Slight.     Slender  in  build  or  construction;  delicate. 
Spongy.     Like    a    sponge;  elastic;  porous.     See    Convexity  -Con 

cavity. 
Subtile.     Characterized  by  rarity;  rarefied. 
Tenuous.     Characterized  by  thinness;  rare. 
Thin.     Having  little  body;  loose  in  structure. 
TJncompact.     Not  compact;  not  close  or  firm  in  structure. 
Uncompressed.     Not  compressed. 
Unsubstantial.     Having  no  solid,  strong  texture;  chimerical. 


SOLIDITY — Nouns  of  Cause — Continued. 

Concretion.     Process  of  uniting. 
Condensation.     Putting  into  a  more  compact  form. 
Consolidation.     The  act  of  bringing  together;  make  solid,  firm; 
Constipation.     The  formation  of  a  solid  mass 

Crystallization .     The  process  of  assuming  definite  form ;  like  crystals 
of  various  substances. 


SOLIDITY. 


992 


SOLITUDE— COMPANY. 


Inspissation.     Thickening  a  fluid  by  boiling;  evaporation. 
Petrifaction.     Process  of  making  like  rock.     See  Hardness. 
Precipitation.     The  process  of  solidifying  one  of  the  component  parts 
of  a  liquid  by  introducing  a  new  substance 


SOLIDITY— Nouns  of  Cause— Continued, 

Causing  to  become  solid,  firm. 


Solid  aiion. 

Solidification.     The  quality  which  some  liquids  have  of  assy      <ig  a 

more  rigid  form  on  cooling. 
Thickening.     Something  put  into  a  liquid  to  make  it  thicker 


Solidity —  Verbs. 


Become  solid.     To  become  hard  or  firm.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  dense.     To  be  closely  packed  together.     See  Adjectives. 

Be  solid.     To  be  hard  or  firm.     See  Adjectives. 

Cake.     To  mold  into  a  solid  mass. 

Candy.     To  harden  by  crystallization. 

Clot.     To  thicken;  to  coagulate. 

Coagulate.     To  clot;  become  thick. 

Cohere.     To  cleave;  hold  firmly. 

Compress.     To  make  more  compact ;  to  press  together. 

Concrete.     To  unite ;  to  form  into  a  mass. 

Condense.     To  press  together,  to  lessen. 

Congeal.     To  grew  hard;  solid. 

Consolidate.     To  unite  firmly      See  Nouns. 

Constipate.     To  crowd  together;  to  stop  up. 

Crystallize.     To  form  into  crystals. 

Curd.     To  coagulate ;  thicken. 


Curdle.     To  change  to  curd. 

Fix.     To  set;  establish;  make  firm. 

Incrassate.     To  thicken  by  introducing  another  substance,  k   ;evapo- 

rating  a  thinner. 
Inspissate.     To  bring  to  a  greater  degree  of  thickness. 
Petrify.     To  turn  to  stone.     See  Hardness. 

Precipitate.     To  form  a  solid  at  the  bottom  of  a  liquid.      See  Nouns, 
Ram  down.     To  pack  tightly. 
Render  solid.     To  make  firm  or  hard. 
Set.     To  congeal ;  solidify. 

s£lidffte"}  To  ^onie  solid.     See  Nouns. 
Squeeze.     To  press;  to  compress. 
Take  a  set.     To  become  firm. 
Thicken.     To  congeal;  coagulate. 


Solid  i  t  y — Adjectives . 


Close.     Dense;  compact. 

Cohesive  1  Clinging  firmlX  together.     See  Cohesion. 

Compact.     Molecules  not  far  apart. 

Concrete.     Hard  and  firm.     See  Hardness. 

Constipated.      Pressed  together  or  condensed.     See  Verbs. 

Crystalline.     Like  crystal;  hard. 

Crystallizable.     Able  to  be  reduced  to  crystal  forms. 

Dense.     Closely  crowded,  firm;  solid. 

Gnarled.     Full  of  knots,  or  hard  protuberances. 

Grumous.     Thick;  concrete;  clotted. 

Impenetrable.     That  cannot  be  penetrated. 

Impermeable.      Not  permitting  passage  through. 

Imporous.     Destitute  of  pores. 

Incompressible.     That  cannot  be  pressed  together. 

_    ,.      .     , .    "  j  That  cannot  be  separated  into  parts. 

Indissoluble.     Not  capable  of  being  reduced  to  a  liquid  state. 
Indivisible.     Not  to  be  divided. 

so'-lid-ness.     State  of  being  solid.     Solidity-Rarity. 

so-lil'-o-quize.  To  talk  to  oneself.  Conversation- 
Monologue,  Speech-Inarticulateness. 

so-Ul'-o-qui"-zing.  Talking  to  oneself.  Speech-Inar- 
ticulateness. 

so-lil'-o-quy.  Monologue.  Conversation-Monologue, 
Speech-Inarticulateness. 


■  Closely  put  together;  strong. 


Infrangible.     Not  able  to  be  broken. 

Infusible.     Not  capable  of  melting. 

Insoluble.     Not  to  be  dissolved. 

Knotted.     Full  of  knots. 

Knotty.     Gnarled;  full  of  hard  protuberances. 

Lumpish.     Heavy;  bulky. 

Massive.     Huge;  weighty. 

Serried.     Compacted,  as  in  rows. 

Solid.     Hard  and  firm. 

Solidified.     Rendered  hard. 

Stuffy.     Strong;  hard  to  breathe. 

Substantial.     Solid;  firm;  stable. 

Thick.    J 

Thickset. 

Undissolved.     Not  dissolved. 

TJnmelted.     Not  melted. 

Unliquefied.     Not  reduced  to  a  liquid  state. 

Unthawed.     Not  changed  from  a  frozen  state  to  a  liquid  state. 


sol"-i-taire'.    Game;  recluse.    Entertainment-Weari 
ness,  Sociability-Privacy. 

sol'-i-ta-ri-ness.    Loneness.    Sociability-Privacy. 

sol'-i-ta-ry.     Alone.     Sociability-Privacy,  Solitude- 
Company. 

sol'-i-tude.     Alone.     Sociability-Privacy,  Solitude- 
Company. 


SOLITUDE— COMPANY. 


Ace.     A  single  mark  or  spot  on  a  card  or  die. 

Individual.     A  single  person,  animal,  or  thing. 

Individuality.  The  state  of  pertaining  to  one  particular  person  or 
thing. 

Isolation.  The  state  of  being  in  a  detached  position.  See  Union- 
Disunion. 

None  else.     Only  a  single  person. 

No  other.     A  single  person  or  thing 

One.     A  single  individual. 

Oneness,     The  state  of  being  one  only. 

Solitude.     The  state  of  being  alone. 

Unification.     The  act  of  causing  to  be  a  unit  or  one. 

Unit.     A  single  person  or  thing. 

Unity.     The  state  of  being  indivisibly  one. 

Solitude — Verbs. 
Be  alone.     To  be  without  company. 
Be  one.     To  be  a  single  person  or  thing. 
Dine  with  Duke  Humphrey.     To  go  without  a  dinner ;  to  spend  the 

dinner  hour  walking  in  St.  Paul's,  London,  by  the  tomb  of  Duke 

Humphrey. 
Isolate.     To  place  in  a  detached  position.     See  Union-Disunion. 
Render  one.     To  cause  to  be  one. 
Unite.     To  join  two  or  more  into  one.     See  Composition. 

Solitude — Adjectives. 
Atone.     Without  company. 
Apart.     By  itself. 


Accompaniment.  The  state  of  having  several  things  or  ideas  associ- 
ated. 

Adjunct.     A  person  or  thing  accompanying  another  subordinately. 

Association.     The  state  of  accompanying  another  or  others. 

Coefficiency.     Working  together  to  produce  the  same  effect. 

Coexistence.     Existence  together  at  the  same  time. 

Companionship.     The  state  of  accompanying  another  or  others. 

Company.     The  state  of  being  together  with  another  or  others. 

Concomitance.     The  state  of  existing  or  occurring  at  the  same  time 

Context.  The  portions  of  a  discourse  connected  with  a  passage 
quoted. 

Copartnership.     The  state  of  being  a  sharer  in  business. 

Partnership.     Accompaniment  of  another  in  business. 

Company — Nouns  of  Agent. 
One  who  assists  in  a  subordinate  position. 
One  who  accompanies  as  an  equal. 
One  who  accompanies  to  serve. 
One  of  a  class. 

A  member  of  the  same  class. 
Any  agent  that  accompanies  anotherin  action. 
An  associate,  as  in  office. 
One  who  or  that  which  accompanies  another  or  others. 


Accessory. 
Associate . 
Attendant. 

Classman. 

Classmate. 

Coefficient. 

Colleague. 

Companion. 

Concomitant.     That  which  exists  or  occurs  at  the  same  time  witb 

something  else. 
Consort.     An  equal  associate. 
Copartner.     One  who  accompanies  in  business. 
Cortege  [P.],     A  train  of  attendants. 


SOLITUDE. 


V93 


SOMERSET. 


SOLITUDE— Adj  bcti  vbs— Continued. 

Azygous.      Occurring  singly. 

Compact.     United  closely  together. 

Desolate.     Made  solitary  by  violent  means. 

Dreary.     Solitary  in  a  forlorn  manner. 

First  and  last.     Only. 

Indiscerptible.     That  cannot  be  deprived  of  its  unity  by  separation  of 

parts. 
Individual.     Single. 

Insecable.     Incapable  of  being  divided  by  a  cutting  instrument. 
Inseverable.     Incapable  of  being  divided  by  force. 
Insular.     Standing  alone. 

Irresolvable.     That  cannot  be  divided  into  its  constituent  parts. 
Isolated.     Placed  in  a  detached  position. 
Kithless.     Alone;  without  kindred. 

Lone.     Without  any  thing  or  person  possessing  similar  qualities. 
Lonely.     Alone  from  lack  of  company. 
Lonesome.     Wanting  the  society  of  human  beings. 
Odd.     Without  a  like. 
One.     Being  a  unit. 
Single.     Separated  from  others. 
Single-handed.     Alone ;  without  assistance. 
Singular.     Confined  to  one. 
Sole.     Being  the  only  one. 
Solitary.     Lacking  life  or  society. 
Solus.     Sole. 

Unaccompanied.     Having  no  companions. 
Unattended.     Having  no  attendants. 
Unique.     Without  another  of  the  same  kind. 
Unrepeated.     Not  done  again. 

Solitude — Adverbs,  etc. 

Alone.     Singly. 

Apart.     In  an  isolated  condition. 

By  itself.     With  only  one  thing  itself  in  consideration. 

In  the  abstract.     Apart  from  all  material  considerations. 

In  the  singular  number.     Concerning  only  one  person  or  thing. 

One  and  a  half.     Scarcely  one. 

One  at  a  time.  1  c-     i        j  •        j 
n      .  f  Singly  and  in  order. 

One  by  one.      > 

Only.     Without  another  or  others. 

Per  se  [L.].     By  itself. 

Sesqui  [L.].     By  the  ratio  one,  as  3  to  a,  5  to  4,  etc. 

Simply.     Of  itself. 

Singly.     By  itself. 

Solitude — Phrases. 
Dh  fort  an  faible  [F.].     Strong  and  weak  take  together. 
Natura  il  fece,  e  poxroppe  la  stampa   [It.].     Nature  made  him  and 
then  broke  the  mold. 


COM  PANY— Continued  from  Column  2. 
Company — Phrases, 
Noscitur  a  sociis  [L.].     He  is  known  by  his  company. 
Virtutis  jortuna  comes  [L.].     Fortune  is  the  companion  of  virtue. 


COMPANY — Nouns  op  Agent — Continued. 

Escort.     A  guard  accompanying  a  person  or  property. 

Fellow.     An  associate  of  equal  rank. 

Hanger-on.     One  who  accompanies  in  a  servile  manner. 

Partner.     One  who  takes  part  or  is  associated  with  another. 

Satellite.     An  obsequious  or  servile  follower  or  attendant. 

Shadow.     An  inseparable  companion. 

Spouse.     An  associate  in  marriage. 

Company — Verbs. 

Accompany.     To  go  with  as  an  associate. 

Associate  with.     To  be  in  company  with. 

Attend.     To  wait  upon  as  an  inferior. 

Bear  company.     To  accompany. 

Bring  in  its  train.     To  have  attendant  results. 

Coexist.     To  exist  together  at  the  same  time. 

Couple  with.     To  associate  with. 

Go  hand  in  hand  with.     To  accompany  in  an  intimate  manner. 

Hang  on.     To  accompany  persistently. 

Keep  company.     To  accompany. 

Row  in  the  same  boat.     To  be  closely  associated  with. 

Synchronize.     To  concur  in  point  of  time. 

Wait  on.     To  serve  as  an  attendant. 

Company — Adjectives. 

Accessory.     Aiding  the  principal  design,  or  assisting  subordinately 

the  chief  agent. 
Accompanying.     Going  along  with  as  a  companion  or  attendant. 
Associated  with.     Joined. 
Attendant.     Following  or  accompanying. 
Concomitant.     Occurring  together  at  the  same  time. 
Coupled  with.     United. 

Fellow.     Associated  in  action,  location,  or  position. 
Joint.     Involving  the  combined  action  of  two  or  more. 
Obbligato  [It.].     A  necessary  accessory. 
Twin,     Being  one  of  a  pair. 

Company — Adverbs,  etc. 
Along  with.     In  company  with. 
And.     In  addition. 
Arm  in  arm.     Accompanying  with  arms  interlocked. 

Cheek  by  jowi.l  With  cheeks  ^ther. 

Collectively.     In  a  general  mass  or  body. 

Hand  in  hand.     Accompanying  with  hands  joined. 

Herewith.     Along  with  this. 

In  a  body.     Collectively. 

In  company  with.     Accompanying. 

Side  by  side.     Closely  joined. 

Therewith.     Along  with  that. 

Together.     In  company. 

Together  with.     In  union  with. 

With.     In  the  company  or  companionship  of;  jointly. 

Withal.     With  the  rest. 

{Continued  on  Column  i .) 


Bol"-mi-za'-tion.     Singing.     Musician. 

so'-lo.     One  voice.     Music. 

Sol'-o-mon.  King;  sage.  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Sage- 
Fool. 

So'-lon.    Sage.    Sagacity-Incapacity,  Sage-Fool. 

sol'-stice.  Point  of  greatest  declination  of  the  sun. 
Astronomy. 

6ol"-u-bil'-i-ty.  Capacity  of  being  dissolved.  Liquid- 
Gas. 

sol'-u-ble.  Dissolvable.  Liquefaction- Volatiliza- 
tion, Liquid-Gas. 

sol'-u-ble-ness.  State  of  being  soluble.  Liquid- 
Gas. 

solus  [L.]  (so'-lus).    Alone.    Solitude-Company. 

so-lu'-tion.  Liquid;  answer.  Interpretation- Misin- 
terpretation, Investigation-Answer,  Liquefac- 
tion-Volatilization; solution  of  continuity,  Con- 
tinuity-Interruption. 

solve.  Clear.  Discovery,  Interpretation-Misin- 
terpretation, Investigation-Answer.  Liquefac- 
tion-Volatilization. 

(ol'-ven-ey.    Capable  of  being  dissolved,  as  debts.    Af- 
fluence-Penury. 
63 


sol'-vent.    Assets;  fluid.    Affluence-Penury,  Liqub- 

.     FACTION-VOLATILIZATION. 

so-mat'-ic.     Of  a  body.     Materiality-Spirituality. 

so-mat'-ics.  Organic  bodies.  Materiality-Spiritual- 
ity. 

som'-ber.  Dark;  gloomy.  Gray-Brown,  Light-Dark- 
ness, Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Whiteness- 
Blackness. 

som'-brous.     Somber.     Light-Darkness. 

some.  Quantity;  number.  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Plurality -Fraction,  Quantity -Measure;  at 
some  other  time,  Time  ;  in  some  degree,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Quantity-Measure;  in  some  place,  Ex- 
tension-Place; somebody,  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Humanity,  Reputation -Discredit; 
some  ten  or  a  dozen,  Multiplicity-Paucity;  some 
time  ago,  Future-Past  ;  some  time  or  other,  Time. 

some'-how.     In  some  way.     Instrumentality. 

some'-how  or  oth'-er.  In  some  way.  Instrumen- 
tality, Rationale-Luck. 

some'-one.     A  person.     Humanity. 

som'-er-sault.     Reversal.     Reversal. 

som'-er-set.     A  somersault.     Reversal. 


SOMETHING. 


994 


SORELY. 


some'-tbing.  Particular.  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Materiality  -  Spirituality,  Substance  -  Nullity  ; 
something  else,  Variation;  something  like,  Like- 
ness-Unlikeness;  something  or  other,  Certainty- 
Doubt. 

some'-times".     At  some  time.     Frequency-Rarity. 

some'-what".  More  or  less.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Magnitude-Smallness. 

some'-where".  In  some  place.  Extension-Place; 
somewhere  about,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

som-nam'-bu-lism.  Sleep-walking.  Meaning-Jargon, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

gom-nam'-bu-list.  Walker;  dreamer.  Fancy,  Way- 
farer-Seafarer. 

sotnnia  cegri,  vana  [L.]  (som'-ni-o.  i'-grai,  ve'-na).  A 
sick  man's  empty  dreams.     Fancy. 

som-nif '-er-ous .  Narcotic;  sleep.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Entertainment-Weariness. 

som-nif'-ic.    Producing  sleep.    Activity-Indolence. 

som'-nc-lence.    Drowsiness.    Activity-Indolence. 

som'-no-lent.    Drowsy.    Activity-Indolence. 

son.     Male  child.     Parentage-Progeny. 

so-na'-ta.     Composition.     Music 

Sonderbund  [G.]  (son'-der-bund) .     Band.     Contract. 

song.  Music;  ballad.  Music," Poetry-Prose;  death- 
song,  Jubilation-Lamentation,  Life-Death;  for  a 
mere  song,  Costliness-Cheapness;  love-song, 
Poetry-Prose;  no  song,  no  supper,  Price-Dis- 
count; old  song,  Consequence-Insignificance. 

songes,  tous,  sont  mensonges  [F.]  (son'zh,  tu,  son"  man"- 
sonzh').  Dreams  all  are  lies  all.  Fancy,  Truthful- 
ness-Falsehood. 

song'-ster.     Singer.     Musician. 

song'-sters.    Singers.    Feathered  songsters,  Musician. 

so-nif '-er-ous.     Sound.     Sound-Silence. 

son'-net.     Poem.     Poetry-Prose. 

son"-net-eer'.     Composer.     Poetry-Prose. 

so"-no'-rif'-ic.    Producing  sound.    Sound-Silence. 

so-no'-rous.  Sounding;  loud.  Loudness-Faintness, 
Simplicity-Floridness,  Sound-Silence. 

so-no'-rous-ness.     A  sounding.     Sound-Silence. 

son'-ship.    State  of  being  a  son.    Parentage-Progeny. 

sons  of.  Identified  with.  Sons  of  Belial,  Godliness- 
Ungodliness;  sons  of  God,  Angel-Satan. 

son'-tag.     A  woman's  cape.     Dress-Undress. 

soo'-fee.     A  pantheist.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

soo'-fee-ism.     Pantheism.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

soon.  Shortly;  early.  Earliness-Lateness,  Future- 
Past,  Lastingness-Transientness;  too  soon  for, 
Periodicity-Irregularity. 

soon'-er.  Before.  Sooner  or  later,  Future-Past, 
Time;  sooner  said  than  done,  Difficulty-Facility. 

soot.  Black;  carbon.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  White- 
ness-Blackness. 

sooth.  Truth.  Prophecy;  in  good  sooth,  Truthful- 
ness-Falsehood. 

soothe.  Calm;  soften.  Adulation-Disparagement, 
Alleviation  -  Aggravation,  Turbulence  -  Calm- 
ness. 

sooth'-ing.     Faint.     Loudness-Faintness. 

sooth'-say".     Divination.     Prophecy. 

sooth'-say"-er.  Diviner.  Devotion-Magician,  Sooth- 
sayer. 

SOOTHSAYER. 

AruspTce'. )  A  soothsayer  or  diviner. 

Augur.  An  official  in  Rome  who  foretold  future  events  by  the  inter- 
pretation of  omens. 

Cassandra.  A  prophetess,  daughter  of  Priam  and  Hecuba,  whose 
predictions,  always  true,  were  never  credited. 

Delphian  oracle .     The  oracle  of  Apollo  at  Delphi . 

Fortune-teller.  One  who  pretends  to  foretell  future  events  of  a  per- 
son's life. 

Geomancer.  One  who  foretells  events  by  means  of  circles  or  points 
drawn  on  the  uround  or  on  paper. 


Haruspice.     A  soothsayer. 

Interpreter,  etc.  One  who  unfolds  or  explains  anything.  See  In- 
terpreter. 

Monitor.     One  who  advises  or  reproves  by  way  of  caution. 

Old  Moore.      A  fortune-teller. 

Oracle .     One  of  infallible  knowledge  or  authority. 

Prophet.     One  who  foretells  the  future. 

Pythia.     The  priestess  of  Apollo  who  uttered  his  oracles  at  Delphi. 

Pythian  oracle.     The  oracle  of  Apollo  at  Delphi. 

Python.     A  soothsayer  or  soothsaying  spirit. 

Pythoness.     The  priestess  of  the  Delphic  oracle. 

Seer.     A  prophet;  one  who  foretells  future  events. 

Sibyl.  A  woman  that  prophesied  under  the  supposed  inspiration  of 
some  deity,  and  delivered  her  oracles  in  a  frenzied  state. 

Sibylline  leaves.  Fragmentary  writings  easily  scattered,  mixed,  or 
lost. 

Soothsayer.  One  who  claims  to  have  supernatural  power  to  foretell 
future  events. 

Sorcerer,  etc.  One  who  uses  preternatural  powers.  See  Devotion- 
Magician. 

Sphinx.  A  female  monster  of  Thebes  who  strangled  all  passers-by 
unable  to  guess  a  riddle  she  proposed. 

Tiresias.     A  blind  Theban  seer. 

Witch.     One  who  deals  with  evil  spirits,  usually  a  woman. 

Zadkiel.     The  pseudonym  of  a  noted  English  astrologer. 

sooth'-say"-ing.     Prophecy.     Prophecy. 

soot'-y.  Black.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Whiteness- 
Blackness. 

sop.  Piece;  concession;  morsel.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness, Motive -Caprice,  Nutriment- Excretion, 
Recompense-Punition,  Sage-Fool;  sop  in  the  pan, 
Motive-Caprice;  sop  to  Cerberus,  Heed-Disregard. 

soph.  Sophomore.  Instructor-Pupil,  Scholar- 
Dunce. 

so'-phi.  Pantheist;  king.  Chief-Underling,  Min- 
istry-Laity. 

soph'-ism.  Fallacy.  Adage-Nonsense,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Casuistry. 

soph'-ist.  Philosopher.  Gull-Deceiver,  Scholar- 
Dunce. 

soph'-ist-er.  Student.  Instructor-Pupil,  Scholar- 
Dunce. 

so-phis'-tic-al.    Fallacious.  Ratiocination-Casuistry. 

so-phis'-ti-cate .  Delude;  impure.  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Mixture-Homogeneity. 

so-phis'-ti-ca"-ted.  Adulterated.  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

so-phis"-ti-ca'-tion.  A  corruption.  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity. 

soph'-ist-ry.  Casuistry.  Adage-Nonsense,  Educa- 
tion-Learning, Ratiocination-Casuistry,  Sagac- 
ity-Incapacity. 

soph'-o-more.  In  schools  and  colleges  having  a  four- 
year  course,  a  student  of  the  second  year.     Educa- 

TION-MlSTEACHING. 

so"-por-if'-er-ous.  Bringing  sleep.  Activity-Indo- 
lence. 

so"-por-if'-ic.  Sleep-producing.  Activity-Indolence, 
Entertainment-Weariness. 

so'-por-ous.     Soporific.     Activity-Indolence. 

so-pra'-no.     Voice.     Cacophony. 

sor'-cer-er.  Wizard.  Devotion-Magician,  Sooth- 
sayer. 

sor'-cer-y.     Magic.     Devotion-Magic. 

sor'-des.     Discharge.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

sor'-det.     Mute.     Musical  Instruments. 

sor'-did.  Mean;  mercenary.  Desire-Distaste,  Ex- 
travagance-Avarice. 

sor'-dine.     Damper.     Musical  Instruments. 

sore.  Tender;  trouble.  Contentedness-Discontent- 
ment,  Favorite-Anger,  Health-Sickness,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness,  Pleasure-Pain,  Sensu- 
ality-Suffering; sore  place,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy;  sore  subject,  Favorite-Anger,  Pleasure 
ableness-Painfulness. 

sore'-ly.     Greatly.     Magnitude-Smallness. 


SORENESS. 


995 


SOUND— SILENCE. 


sore'-ness.      A   tenderness.      Contentedness-Discon- 

TENTMENT,    FaVORITE-AnGER,    SenSUALITY-SuFFER- 
ING. 

s'orienter  [F.]  (so-ri-an-te').  To  find  one's  bearings. 
Aim-Aberration. 

so-ri'-tes.     Syllogism.     Ratiocination-Instinct. 

sc-ror'-i-cide .    One  who  kills  a  sister.    Life-Killing. 

so-ro'-sis.  A  woman's  club.  Sociability-Privacy, 
Union-Disunion. 

sor'-rel.    Herb.     Redness-Greenness. 

sor'-row.  Grief.  Pleasure-Pain;  give  sorrow  words, 
J  ubilation-Lamentation. 

sor'-row-ful.  Full  of  sorrow.  Jubilation-Lamenta- 
tion, Pleasure-Pain. 

sor'-row-ing.  Grieving.  Jubilation-Lamentation, 
Pleasure-Pain. 

sor'-ry.  .  Grieved;  poor.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Gentility-Commonalty,  Pleasure-Pain  ;  be 
sorry  for,  Compassion-Ruthlessness,  Repentance- 
Obduracy;  cut  a  sorry  figure,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit; in  a  sorry  plight,  Success-Failure;  make  a 
sorry  face,  Reputation-Discredit;  sorry  sight, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

sort.  Kind;  degree;  classify.  Division,  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization, Quantity-Measure;  sort 
with,  Sociability-Privacy. 

sort'-a-ble.     Suitable.     Harmony-Discord. 

sort'-ance.     Agreement.     Harmony-Discord. 

sortes  [L.]  (sor'-tiz).  Lots.  Purpose-Luck,  Ra- 
tionale-Luck. 

sortes  Virgiliance  [L.]  (sor'-tiz  vir-jil"-i-e'-ni).  Vir- 
gilian  lots.    Devotion-Magic,  Purpose-Luck. 

sor'-tie.     Sally.     Attack-Defense. 

sor'-ti-lege.  Lots;  sorcery.  Devotion-Magic,  Proph- 
ecy. 

sor'-ti-leg-y.     Sortilege.     Purpose-Luck. 

sort'-ing.  Arranging.  Organization-Disorganiza- 
tion. 

sor-ti'-tion.    Casting  lots.     Purpose-Luck. 

sorts,  out  of.  Indisposed.  Favorite-Moroseness, 
Health-Sickness. 

so'-so".  Mediocre.  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Faultlessness  -  Faultiness,  Magnitude  -  Small- 
ness. 

sot.  Stupid;  drunkard.  Sage-Fool,  Teetotalism- 
Intemperance. 

sot  a  triple  Hage  [F.]  (sot  a  tri.pl  £-tazh').  A  most 
egregious  fool.     Sage-Fool. 


sot'-tish.  Dull;  drunk.  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Tee- 
tot  alism-Intemperance. 

sotto  voce  [It.]  (sot'-to  vo'-che).  Softly  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Loudness-Faintness,  Vocaliza- 
tion-Muteness. 

sou  [F.]  (su).     Coin.     Money. 

sou,  qui  n'a  pas  le  [F.]  (su,  ki  na  pa  le).  Who  has  not 
a  sou.     Affluence-Penury. 

sou"-brette' .    Actress;  maid.    Chief-Underling. 

sough.  Drain;  sewer.  Faultlessness-Faultiness, 
Mind-Imbecility. 

soul.  Essence;  identity.  Affections,  Humanity, 
Mind-Imbecility,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Subjec- 
tiveness-Objectiveness;  flow  of  soul,  Conversa- 
tion-Monologue; have  one's  whole  soul  in  his  work, 
Toil-Relaxation;  not  a  soul,  Presence-Absence; 
not  dare  to  say  one's  soul  is  his  own,  Liberty-Sub- 
jection, Sanguineness-Timidity;  soul  of  wit, 
Terseness-Prolixity. 

soul'-less.  Unfeeling;  inactive.  Activity-Indolence, 
Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

soul'-sick".  Anxious.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion. 

soul'-stir"-ring.     Feeling.     Excitation,  Feeling. 

soul'-sub-du"-ing.     A  calming.     Excitation. 

sound.  Right;  whole;  deep;  complete;  noise; 
distance.  Conventionality-Unconventionality, 
Deepness-Shallowness,  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness, Goodness-Badness,  Gulf-Plain,  Health- 
Sickness,  Investigation -Answer,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Mensuration,  Mutability-Stability, 
Orthodoxy -Heterodoxy,  Sagacity-  Incapacity, 
Saneness-Lunacy,  Sound-Silence,  Strength- 
Weakness,  Truth-Error;  catch  a  sound,  Hearing- 
Deafness;  full  of  sound  and  fury,  Meaning-Jar- 
gon, Presumption -Obsequiousness;  safe  and 
sound,  Conversation,  Health-Sickness;  sound  a 
retreat,  Advance-Retrogression;  sound  asleep, 
Activity-Indolence;  sound  a  trumpet,  Alarm, 
Publicity;  sound  mind,  Saneness-Lunacy;  sound 
of  limb,  Health-Sickness;  sound  of  wind,  Health- 
Sickness;  sound  reasoning,  Ratiocination -In- 
stinct; sound  sleep,  Activity-Indolence;  sound 
the  alarm,  Alarm,  Sanguineness-Timidity,  Sign, 
Warning;  sound  the  horn,  Musician;  sound  the 
note  of  preparation,  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion;  sound  the  praises  of,  Approval-Disappro- 
val. 


SOUND— SILENCE. 


Accent.     Stress  of  voice  on  a  particular  syllable  of  a  word. 

Audibility.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  audible. 

Birr.     A  whirring  or  buzzing  sound. 

Cadence.     Modulation  of  the  voice,  as  in  poetry  or  music. 

Intonation.     Modulation  of  the  voice  in  speaking. 

Noise.  A  sound  of  any  kind,  especially  a  confused  or  disagreeable 
kind. 

Resonance,  etc.  The  quality  of  being  resonant ;  the  act  of  resound- 
ing.    See  Resonance. 

Sonorousness,  etc.     The  quality  of  being  loud  and  full-sounding,  etc. 

Sound.     The  sensation  produced  through  the  organs  of  hearing. 

Strain.     A  portion  of  a  musical  composition. 

Tone.     Sound  in  relation  to  volume,  duration,  quality,  and  pitch. 

Twang.     A  sharp  ringing  sound ;  nasal  modulation  of  the  voice. 

Voice,  etc.  Sound  produced  by  the  vocal  organs.  See  Vocaliza- 
tion. 

Sound — Scientific  Nouns. 
Acoustics.     Branch  of  physics  treating  of  the  phenomena  and  laws 

of  sound. 
Diacoustics.     The  science  of  the  refraction  of  sounds. 
Diaphonics.     Diacoustics. 
Phonetics.     The  science  of  articulate  sound. 
Phonics.     Phonetics. 

Phonography.     The  art  or  science  of  writing  by  sound. 
Phonology.     The  science  of  human  vocal  sounds  an  d  their  relations. 


Awful  silence. 


A  silence  that  fills  one  with  awe  and  fear. 


Dead  silence. 

Deathlike  silence.     A  silence  resembling  the  silence  of  death. 

Hush.     Profound  silence. 

Lull.     Momentary  quiet. 

Muteness,  etc.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  mute.  See  Vocaliza- 
tion-Muteness. 

Peace.     A  state  of  quiet  or  tranquillity. 

Silence.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  silent;  absence  of  sound. 

Solemn  silence.     Impressive  or  awe-inspiring  silence. 

Stillness,  etc.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  still.  See  Movement- 
Rest. 

Silence — Verbs. 
Be  silent.     To  be  without  sound. 

Hold  one's  tongue,  etc.     Refrain  from  speaking.     See  Talkative- 
ness-Taciturnity. 
Hush.     Be  or  cause  to  be  quiet. 
Muffle.     Deaden  the  sound  of. 
Muzzle.     Put  to  silence. 

Render  silent   )  To  Prevent  a"  sound.    See  Vocai.ization-Mutbnbss. 

Silence.     Compel  to  keep  silent. 

Stifle.     Tc  silence  by  force. 

Still.     Make  quiet;  hush. 

Stop.     Cease  or  cause  to  cease  from  speaking. 


SOUND. 


996 


SPAR. 


SOUND— SILENCE— Continued 


Sound — Verbs. 


Emit  sound.        1,  To  produce  vibrations  which  are  perceived  by  the 

Give  out  sound.)      ear. 

Make  a  noise.     To  produce  a  disagreeable  sound. 

Produce  sound.     To  affect  the  organ  of  hearing. 

Resound,  etc.     To  emit  a  loud,  prolonged  sound.     See  Resonance. 

Sound.     To  make  a  sound  upon  or  cause  to  resound. 

Sound — Adjectives. 
Audible.     Capable  of  being  heard. 
Distinct.     Clearly  and  easily  heard. 

Phonetic.     Relating  to  or  representing  articulate  sounds  or  speech. 
Resonant.     Sending  back  or  capable  of  sending  back  or  of  prolong- 
ing sound. 
Soniferous.     Producing  or  conducting  sound. 
Sonorific.     Producing  sound. 
Sonorous       Loud  and  fuli-soi:nding. 
Sounding.     Giving  forth  a  sound. 
Stertorous.     Having  a  snoring  sound. 

Sound — Phrase. 
Forensis  strepitus  [I..].     The  clamor  of  the  forum. 


SILENCE — Phrases — Continued  from  Column  a. 


One  might  hear  a  pin  drop. 

Tacent,  satis  laudant  [L.]. 


They  are  silent,  they  give  enough  praise. 


•ound'-mind"-ed.  Strong  of  mind.  Saneness-Lu- 
nacy. 

sound'-ing.  Sonorous.  Sounding  big,  Simplicity- 
Floridness;  sounding  brass,  Meaning-Jargon. 

sound'-ing-board".  Board  in  instrument.  Musical 
Instruments. 

sound'-ings.     Depth.     Deepness-Shallowness. 

sound'-less.  Silent;  unfathomable.  Deepness-Shal- 
lowness, Sound-Silence. 

sound'-ness.  Healthiness;  freedom  from  injury. 
Health-Sickness,  Mutability-Stability,  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy, Saneness-Lunacy. 

soup.  Liquid.  Nutriment- Excretion,  Viscidity- 
Foam. 

soupgon  [F.]  (sup-son').  Taste.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness,  Mixture-Homogeneity. 

soupe  maigre  [F.]  (sup  mAgr).  Fish  soup.  Fasting- 
Gluttony. 

sour.  Acid;  morose.  Alleviation-Aggravation,  Con- 
tentedness-Discontentment,  Favorite-Quarrel- 
someness, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Sweetness- 
Acidity;  sour  grapes,  Possibility  -  Impossibility, 
Pretext;  sour  the  temper,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness. 

source.  Cause;  beginning.  Beginning-End,  Cause- 
Effect. 

sour'-det.     Damper.     Musical  Instruments. 

sourdine,  a  la  [F.]  (sur-din',  a  la).  Softly.  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy, Loudness-Faintness. 

-soured.     Spoiled.    Contentedness-Discontentment. 

sour'-ish.     Somewhat  sour.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

sour'-ness.     Acidity.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

souse.     Drench.     Spring-Dive,  Water-Air. 

sous  tous  les  rapports  [F.]  (su  tu  16  ra-por').  In  all  re- 
spects.    Entirety-Deficiency,  Truth-Error. 

south.  Direction.  Aim -Aberration;  north  and 
south,  Laterality-Contraposition. 

South-era.  Direction.  Laterality-Contraposition; 
Southern  Cross,  Universe. 

sou"-ve-nir'.  Keepsake.  Remembrance-Forget- 
fulness. 

sov'-er-eign.  Ruler;  royal;  superior.  Chief-Under- 
ling, Rule-License,  Strength-Weakness,  Su- 
premacy-Subordinacy;  sovereign  contempt,  Re- 
gard-Scorn; sovereign  remedy,  Remedy-Bane. 

sov'-er-eign-ty.  Dominion.  Divinity,  Rule-Li- 
cense. 


Silence — Adjectives. 
Awful.     Inspiring  or  manifesting  awe. 
Deathlike.     Silent,  like  the  silence  of  death. 
Hushed,  etc.     Made  quiet.     See  Verbs. 
Inaudible,  etc.     Incapable  of  being  heard.     See  Loudness-Faint. 

ness. 
Mute,  etc.     Uttering  no  word  or  sound.     See  Vocalization-Mute* 

ness. 
Noiseless.     Without  noise. 

Silent.     Making  no  sound;  not  speaking;  still. 
Silent  as  the  grave.     Silent,  like  the  silence  of  death. 
Soft.     Not  loud  or  harsh. 
Solemn.     Impressive;  awe-inspiring. 
Soundless.     Without  sound. 
Still.     Making  no  sound ;  silent. 
Stilly       Still;  subdued  in  sound. 

Silence — Adverbs,  etc. 
Silently,  etc.     Without  making  any  sound. 
Sub  silentio  [L.].     In  silence. 

Silence — Interjections, 
Chutl     hushl     pax[L.].     Peace;    silence!    soft!    tushl    tut!    whistl 

Silence — Phrases. 
Crosse  Seelen  dulden  still  [G.].     Great  souls  suffer  in  silence. 
One  might  hear  a  feather  drop. 

{Continued  on  Column  i .) 

sow.  Pig;  female.  Domestication-Agriculture, 
Fauna-Flora,  Gathering-Scattering,  Male-Fe- 
male; get  the  wrong  sow  by  the  ear,  Decision- 
Misjudgment,  Skill  -  Unskilfulness,  Success- 
Failure,  Truth-Error. 

sow.  sow  broadcast,  scatter;  farm.  Extravagance- 
Avarice,  Gathering-Scattering;  sow  dissension, 
Love-Hate,  Variance-Accord;  sow  one's  wild  oats, 
Betterment  -  Deterioration,  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Moderation-Selfindulgence,  Virtue- 
Vice;  sowthe  sand,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  sow 
the  seed,  Preparation-Nonpreparation;  sow  the 
seeds  of,  Cause -Effect,  Education -Misteach- 
ing. 

sow'-ing.  Scattering.  Preparation  -  Nonprepara- 
tion. 

spa.     Spring.     Dweller-Habitation,  Remedy-Bane. 

space.  Distance;  period;  degree.  Duration-Nev- 
erness,  Extension-Inextension,  Melody-Disso- 
nance, Remoteness-Nearness;  celestial  spaces, 
Universe. 

spa'-cious.  Ample  in  room.  Extension-Inexten- 
sion, Greatness-Littleness. 

spad.     Suade.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

spade  Implement.  Conveyance-Vessel;  call  a 
spade  a  spade,  Craft-Artlessness,  Simplicity- 
Floridness. 

spade' -hus"-band-ry.  Gardening.  Domestication, 
Agriculture. 

spa'-hi.     Cavalry.     Belligerent. 

span.  Link;  measure.  Connective,  Duration-Nev- 
erness,  Lastingness-Transientness,  Length- 
Shortness,  Mensuration,  Remoteness-Nearness, 
Union-Disunion. 

span'-drel.     Decoration.     Architecture. 

span'-gle.        Glitter;    tin-foil.        Embellishment-Dis 
figurement,  Light-Darkness. 

span'-iel.  Dog;  sycophant.  Fauna  -  Flora,  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness. 

spank.  Slap;  go  fast.  Recompense  -Punition, 
Swiftness-Slowness. 

spank'-er.  Something  large.  Greatness  -  Little- 
ness. 

spank'-ing.  Swift.  Greatness-Littleness;  spank- 
ing pace,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

spar.  Pole;  box;  wrangle.  Strife-Peace,  Suspen* 
sion-Support,  Variance-Accord. 


SPARE. 


997 


SPEECH— INARTICULATENESS. 


spare.  Forbear;  allow;  reserve;  thin;  scanty.  Ac- 
tion-Passiveness,  Breadth-Narrowness,  Duty- 
Immunity,  Excess-Lack,  Generosity-Frugality, 
Giving  -  Receiving,  Keeping  -  Relinquishment, 
Moderation  -  Selfindulgence,  Quest  -  Evasion, 
Store,  Use-Disuse;  enough  and  to  spare,  Enough; 
not  a  moment  to  spare,  Activity-Indolence;  spare 
diet,  Fasting-Gluttony;  spare  no  expense,  Gener- 
osity-Frugality ;  spare  no  pains,  Toil-Relaxation  ; 
spare  room,  Extension-Inextension;  spare  time, 
Hurry-Leisure;  to  spare,  Excess-Lack. 

spared.  Alive.  Be  spared,  Life-Death;  it  cannot  be 
spared,  Need. 

spar"-ge-fac'-tion.  Sprinkling.  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing, Water-Air.  t 

spar'-ing.  Little;  economy;  frugal.  Extravagance- 
Avarice,  Generosity- Frugality,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Moderation -Selfindulgence;  spar- 
ing of  praise,  Approval-Disapproval;  sparing  of 
words,  Talkativeness-Taciturnity;  with  a  spar- 
ing hand,  Extravagance-Avarice;  with  no  spar- 
ing hand,  Enough. 

spar'-ing-ly.  In  a  sparing  manner.  Generosity- 
Frugality. 

spark.  Glisten;  light;  top.  Heat-Cold,  Light-Dark- 
ness, Luminary-Shade,  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Wag;  as  the  sparks 
fly  upwards,  Habit-Desuetude;  vital  spark,  Life- 
Death. 

spark'-le.  Glisten;  effervesce.  Light-Darkness,  Vis- 
cidity-Foam. 

spark'-ling.  Brilliant.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Excita- 
tion, Force-Weakness,  Light-Darkness,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection,  Viscidity-Foam,  Witti- 
ness-Dulness;  with  sparkling  eyes,  Pleasure-Pain. 

spar'-ring.     Boxing.     Strife-Peace. 

sparse.     Scattered.     Gathering-Scattering. 

Spar'-ta-cus.  Gladiator.  Insubordination  -  Obedi- 
ence. 

spasm.  Convulsion;  pain.  Agitation,  Revolution, 
Sensuality-Suffering,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

spas-mod'-ic.  Convulsive;  violent.  Continuity-Inter- 
ruption, Lastingness-Transientness,  Mutabil- 
ity-Stability, Periodicity-Irregularity,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness. 

spat.     Spawn.     Parentage-Progeny. 

spat'-ter.     Splash.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

spat'-ter-dash".     Legging.     Dress-Undress. 

spat'-u-la.  Spoon.  Contents  -  Receiver,  Convey- 
ance-Vessel. 

spav'-ined.     Halting.     Health-Sickness. 

spawn.  Eggs.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Parentage- 
Progeny. 

speak.  Utter.  Speech-Inarticulateness;  speak  for, 
Justification -Charge;  speak  for  itself,  Clear- 
ness -  Obscurity,  Evidence  -  Counterevidence, 
Manifestation -Latency;  speak  ill  of,  Adula- 
tion-Disparagement,  Approval -Disapproval  ; 
speak  low,  Vocalization -Muteness;  speak  of, 
Meaning- Jargon,  Publicity,  Speech- Inarticu- 
lateness; speak  one  fair,  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness; speak  out,  Craft-Artlessness,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace,  Manifestation-Latency;  speak  soft- 
ly, Vocalization-Muteness;  speak  to,  Address- 
Response;  s»>eak  up,  Cry-Ululation,  Loudness- 
Faintness;  speak  up  for,  Justification-Charge; 
speak  volumes,  Evidence-Counterevidence;  speak 
well  of,  Approval-Disapproval. 

speak'-er.  Orator;  officer.  Interpreter,  Manager, 
President-Member,  Speech-Inarticulateness. 


speak'-ing.  Conversing;  much  speaking.  Talka- 
tiveness-Taciturnity; on  speaking  terms,  Amity- 
Hostility;  speaking  likeness,  Delineation-Carica- 
ture ;  way  of  speaking,  Trope. 

speak'-ing-trum"-pet.  Trumpet  for  shouting  orders. 
Hearing-Deafness. 

spear.  Weapon.  Aperture -Closure,  Movement- 
Rest.  Weapon. 

spear'-man.     Warrior.     Belligerent. 

spe'-cial.      Express.      Universality -Particularity; 
special  pleader,  Advocate;     special  pleading,  Pre 
text,  Ratiocination-Casuistry. 

speciale  gratia.  [L.]  (spe-shi-e'-li  gre'-shi-a) .  With  spe- 
cial favor.     Leave-Prohibition. 

speciality  [F.]  (spS-si-a-li-tS').  A  speciality.  Univer- 
sality-Particularity. 

spec"-i-al'-i-ty.  Peculiarity.  Universality-Particu- 
larity. 

spe'-cial-ty.     Deed.     Security. 

spe'-cie.     Coin.     Money. 

spe'-ci-es.  Group.  Appearance-Disappearance, 
Division  ;  human  species,  Humanity. 

spe-cif'-ic.  Particular.  Quest-Evasion,  Universal- 
ity-Particularity; specific  gravity,  Chemistry, 
Heaviness-Lightness,  Solidity-Rarity. 

spec"-i-fi-ca'-tion.     Detail.     Account. 

spe-cif'-ic-ness.  Exactness.  Universality-Particu- 
larity. 

spec'-i-fy.  Tell;  state.  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Name-Misnomer,  Universality-Particularity. 

spec'-i-men.     Sample.     Conventionality-Unconven- 

TIONALITY. 

spe'-cious.  Plausible.  Adulation  -  Disparagement,, 
Beauty-Ugliness,  Justification-Charge,  Likeli- 
hood-Unlikelihood, Ratiocination-Instinct. 

spe'-cious-ness.  Plausibility.  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

speck.  Particle.  Embellishment-Disfigurement, 
Magnitude-Smallness. 

speck'-le.  Spot;  variegate.  Embellishment-Disfig- 
urement, Variegation. 

speck'-led.     Spotted.     Variegation. 

spec'-ta-cle.  Exhibition;  sight.  Acting,  Conceit- 
Diffidence,  Gull-Deceiver,  Phenomenon. 

spec'-ta-cles.     Eye-glasses.     Optical  Instruments 

spec-tac'-u-lar.     Display.     Pomp. 

spec'-ta-tor.     Eye-witness.     Onlooker. 

spec'-ter.  Apparition.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Jove- 
Fiend,  Sight-Dimsightedness. 

spec'-tral.     Ghostly.     Jove-Fiend. 

spec'-tro-scope.  Analyzer.  Astronomy,  Chemistry, 
Color-Achromatism,  Optical  Instruments. 

spec'-trum.  Image.  Color- Achromatism,  Sight- 
Dimsightedness,  Variegation. 

spec'-u-late .  Consider;  view;  invest.  Exchange, 
Hypothesis,  Mark-Obliteration,  Purpose-Luck, 
Sight-Blindness,  Venture. 

spec"-u-la'-tion.  Opinion;  cards.  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Exchange,  Hypothesis,  Mark-Oblit- 
eration, Purpose-Luck,  Rationale-Luck,  Sight- 
Blindness,  Trial,  Venture. 

spec'-u-la-tive.  Reflective.  Hypothesis,  Reflec- 
tion-Vacancy. 

spec'-u-la"-tor.     One  who  speculates.     Labor-Capital. 

spec'-u-lum.    Instrument.     Optical  Instruments. 

speculum,  veluti  in  [L.]  (spec'-yu-lum,  vel'-yu-tai  in). 
As  in  a  looking-glass.     Visibility-Invisibility. 

sped.     Finished.     Completion-Noncompletion. 

speech.  Language.  Speech-Inarticulateness;  fig- 
ure of  speech,  Gull-Hyperbole,  Meaning-Jargon, 
Trope  ;  parts  of  speech,  Grammar-Solecism. 


Allocution,    etc. 

DRESS. 


A    formal    exhortation    or 


SPEECH— INARTICULATENESS, 
address.       See     Ad- 


Brogue.etc.       A  dialectic  pronunciation,  especially  the  Irish  m»nrj*f 
of  pronouncing  English.     See  Word-Neology. 


SPEECH. 


998 


SPEECH— INARTICULATENESS. 


SPEECH— INARTICULATENESS— Continued. 


Declamation.  A  set  speech  intended  for  recitation  from  memory  in 
public. 

Delivery.     Mode  of  utterance  or  articulation. 

Effusion.      A  pouring  forth  of  speech. 

Faculty  of  speech.    The  power  of  expressing  thought  in  spoken  words. 

Formal  speech.      A  dignified  and  impressive  speech. 

Harangue.  An  extemporaneous  and  forcible  speech  to  a  public 
assembly. 

Interlocution,  etc.      Alternate  speaking.     See  Conversation. 

Lecture.     A  formal  or  methodical  discourse  intended  for  instruction. 

Locution.     A  manner  of  speaking. 

Oral  communication.      Conveyance  of  thought  in  spoken  words. 

Oration.     An  elaborate  or  formal  public  speech. 

Oratory.  The  ability  so  to  speak  in  public  as  to  please ,  arouse ,  con- 
vince, or  persuade. 

Palaver.     Vain  and  idle  speech. 

Parlance.     Mode  of  speech. 

Parole.     In  law.  an  oral  statement. 

Peroration.     The  conclusion  of  a  speech. 

Prattle.     Childish  speech. 

Prolation      Th<*  act  of  uttering  articulate  sounds. 

Recitation.     The  act  of  repeating  from  memory  in  public. 

Say.     What  one  has  said  or  has  to  say. 

Sermon.     A  discourse  by  a  clergyman  upon  some  religious  topic. 

Soliloquy,  etc.  A  talking  to  oneself.  See  Conversation-Mono- 
logue. 

Speech.     The  expression  of  thought  in  spoken  words. 

Speechifying.     Making  speeches. 

Talk.     Verbal  interchange  of  ideas. 

Tirade.     A  prolonged  declamatory  outpouring  of  censure  or  dislike. 

Verbal  intercourse.      Conversation. 

Word  of  mouth.      Direct  oral  communication. 

Speech — Associated  Nouns. 

Burst  of  eloquence.  A  sudden  breaking  forth  into  lofty  and  impas- 
sioned speech. 

Command  of  words.      Mastery  of  the  use  of  language. 

Copta  verborum  [L.].      An  abundance  of  words. 

Elocution  The  art  of  correct  intonation,  inflection  and  gesture  in 
public  speaking. 

Eloquence.  The  art.  power,  or  act  of  speaking  in  language  express- 
ing strong  feeling,  so  as  to  move  or  convince. 

Facundity.     Readiness  of  speech. 

Flow  of  words'' }  A  copious  outP°urinS  of  words- 

Gift  of  the  gab.     Fluency  in  speaking. 

Grandiloquence.      Pompous  or  bombastic  speaking. 

Hultiloquence.     Talkativeness. 

Power  of  speech.     Great  or  telling  force  or  effect  of  speech. 

Rhetoric.     The  art  of  discourse. 

Usus  loquendi  [L.].      Usage  in  speaking. 

Speech — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Cicero.     Roman ,  a  copious  and  grateful  orator. 
Demosthenes.     Greek,  a  condensed  and  powerful  orator. 
Hermes.      The  messenger  of  the  gods;  cne  who  speaks  the  highest 

truth  divinely^like  Plato. 
lmprovisatore[\t\      An  extemporaneous  speaker. 
Interlocutor.     One  who  takes  part  in  a  conversation. 
Mouthpiece.     One  who  gives  the  opinions  of  another  in  his  speech. 
Orator.     A  public  speaker. 

Patterer.     A  childish  talker. 

Platform-orator.     A  public  political  speaker. 

Prolocutor.     A  person  who  speaks  for  another. 

Rhetorician.     An  artificial  speaker. 

Speaker,  etc.     One  who  engages  in  public  speaking.     See  Verbs. 

Speechmaker.     One  given  to  public  speaking. 

Spokesman.     One  delegated  by  others  to  speak  for  them. 

Stump  orator.    \  A       ...        ..,.     .         . 

Stump  speaker.)  A  pubhc  P°»tlcal  speaker. 

Speech  —  Verbs 
Be  eloquent,  etc.     To  be  able  to  express  emotion  or  feeling  in  lofty 

speech.     See  Adjectives. 
Be  on  one's  legs.      To  speak  in  a  standing  position. 
Blurt  out.     To  speak  ebruptly  and  without  consideration.  • 
Break  silence.     To  speak. 
Breathe.     To  speak  in  a  low  voice. 
Come  out  with.     To  disclose  by  speaking  of. 
Declaim.      To  speak  in  a  rhetorical  manner. 
Deliver.      To  speak  formally. 
Deliver  a  speech.     To  speak  with  formality  or  officially. 


Broken  accents.     Words  hindered  by  imperfect  utterance. 

Broken  sentences.     Sentences  disjointed  by  imperfect  utterance. 

Broken  voice.  A  voice  made  indistinct  by  sobs  or  imperfect  utter- 
ance. 

Drawl.     Slow  and  lazy  utterance. 

Falsetto,  etc.  The  high,  artificial  tones  of  the  voice.  See  Vocaliza- 
tion-Muteness. 

Hesitation,  etc.     Uncertain  utterance.     See  Verbs. 

Impediment  in  one's  speech.  A  natural  failing  in  the  organs  of 
speech. 

Inarticulateness.     Indistinctness  of  utterance. 

Lapsus  lingum  [L.].     A  slip  of  the  tongue. 

Lisp.  To  speak  imperfectly  and  timidly.  "  I  lisped  in  numbers,  for 
the  numbers  came."      [Pope,  Satires,  Prologue,  127.] 

Nasal  accent.     The  manner  of  speaking  through  the  nose. 

Nasal  tone.     The  sound  of  voice  when  speaking  through  the  ncse. 

Slip  of  the  tongue.     An  unintentional  expression. 

Stammering  etc.  The  habit  of  faltering  and  halting  in  pronouncing. 
See  Verbs. 

Tardiloquence.     The  habit  of  speaking  slowly. 

Titubancy.     The  habit  of  wavering  while  speaking. 

Traulism.     A  stammering. 

Twang.     A  sharp,  nasal  sound. 

Whisper,  etc.  A  low  and  soft  utterance  of  the  voice.  See  Loud- 
ness-Faintness. 


Lte.j 

B.      ) 


Inarticulateness — Verbs. 


To  stammer. 


Balbucinate. 

Balbutiate. 

Be  unable  to  put  two  words  together.     To  stammer  or  halt  in  speaking. 

Clip  one's  words.     To  be  too  short  in  pronouncing  one's  words. 

Croak.     To  speak  in  a  complaining  tone. 

Drawl.     To  speak  slowly  and  lazily. 

Falter.     To  speak  in  a  weak  and  hesitating  manner. 

Gibber.     To  talk  incoherently. 

Hammer.     To  speak  in  sharp,  short  breaks. 

Haw.     To  hesitate  in  speaking. 

Hesitate.     To  be  slow  in  speaking. 

Hum  and  haw.     To  drawl  in  a  nasal  tone. 

Jabber.     To  speak  rapidly  and  without  meaning. 

Lisp.     To  speak  p  and  2  like  tk  ;  to  speak  like  a  child. 

Maunder  J  ^°  SDea,k  *n  an  incoherent  and  complaining  manner. 
Mince.     To  cut  up  one's  words  in  speaking. 
Mispronounce.     To  articulate  incorrectly. 
Missay.     To  speak  poorly. 

Mouth.     To  speak  in  an  unnaturally  big  voice. 
Muffle.     To  speak  without  clear  articulation. 
Mumble      To  speak  low  and  indistinctly. 
Mump.     To  speak  brckenly. 

Murder  the  king's  English.      1  ,~  ..  . 

Murder  the  language  [To  ™"  or  spo11  correct  or  pure  1,n' 

Murder  the  queen's  English.  J  ' 

Mutter.     To  speak  in  an  indistinct  and  complaining  tone. 
Snuffle.     To  talk  through  the  nose  in  a  whimpering  tone. 
Speak  thick.     To  speak  without  proper  intervals  of  articulation. 
Speak  through  the  nose.     To  utter  with  a  nasal  twang. 
Splutter.     To  speak  with  confused  articulation. 
Sputter.     To  speak  in  a  hasty  and  indistinct  tone. 
Stammer.     To  speak  with  hesitation. 
Stutter.     To  speak  with  involuntary  repetitions. 

Whisper,  etc.     To  speak  in  a  low,  soft  voice  without  vibration  of  the 
vocal  cords.     See  Loudness-Faintness. 

Inarticulateness — Adjectives. 

Guttural.     Coming  from  the  throat. 
Inarticulate.     With  no  distinction  of  syllables. 
Nasal.     Pronounced  through  the  nose. 
Stammering,  etc.     Hesitating  in  speech.     See  Verbs. 
Tremulous.     Unsteady  in  speech. 

Inarticulateness — Adverb. 

Sottovoce  [It.l.     Softly.     See  Loudness-Faintness. 

SPEECH— Verbs— Continued 

Discourse.  To  give  an  oral  exposition  of  a  subject. 
Escape  one's  lips.  To  disclose  a  secret  by  accident. 
Expatiate   etc.     To  speak  at  length.     See  Terseness-Prolixity. 

£g  fr°orn  tne  nfou.h  }  T"  *  «"«*  ™iously. 

Flourish.     To  speak  in  an  elaborate  manner. 

Give  tongue.     To  clamor  in  an  unreasonable  manner. 


SPEECH. 


999 


SPICE. 


SPEECH— Verbs— Continued. 


Give  utterance  to.     To  express  in  words. 

Harangue.     To  make  a  forcible,  public  speech. 

Have  a  tongue  in  one's  head.     To  be  able  to  talk  with  great  ease. 

Have  at  the  end  of  one's  tongue.  1  Tq  q{ 

Have  at  the  tip  of  ones  tongue.  > 

Have  one's  say.     To  have  one's  turn  to  express  an  opinion. 

Have  on  one's  lips      To  be  ready  to  speak  about  with  ease. 

Have  the  gift  of  the  gab,  etc.     To  have  the  ability  to  talk  much      See 

Nouns. 
Hold  forth.     To  speak  in  public. 
Lecture.     To  deliver  a  discourse  in  public. 
Let  fall.     To  be  uttered  carelessly. 
Lift  one's  voice.     To  speak  up. 

Make  a  speech,  etc.     To  speak  in  public.     See  Noutts. 
Open  one's  lips.       I  To         k 
Open  one's  mouth.  J 

Outspeak.     To  speak  with  greater  effect  than. 
Pass  one's  lips.     To  be  uttered. 
Pour  forth.     To  speak  in  a  profuse  manner. 
Pronounce.     To  utter  in  a  formal  manner. 
Put  in  a  word  or  two.     To  mingle  in  a  conversation. 


Raise  one's  voice.     To  speak. 

Rant.     To  speak  vehemently  and  extravagantly. 

Rap  out.     To  utter  suddenly  and  violently. 

Recite.     To  speak  something  committed  to  memory. 

Say.     To  express  as  an  opinion  in  words. 

Say  one's  say.     To  give  one's  opinion  in  turn. 

Sermonize.     To  speak  in  a  solemn  and  tiresome  manner. 

Soliloquize,  etc.     To  talk  to  oneself.     See   Conversation-Mono. 

logub. 

Speak  of.     To  mention. 

Speak  one's  mind.     To  give  one's  opinion  fearlessly. 

Speak  to,  etc.     To  address.     See  Address. 

Speechify.     To  make  a  speech. 

Spout.     To  recite  in  an  oratorical  or  pompous  manner. 

Stump.     To  travel  over,  delivering  electioneering  speeches. 

Talk.     To  interchange  thoughts  in  words. 

Talk  together,  etc.     To  converse.     See  Conversation. 

Tell.     To  relate  in  words. 

Utter.  It-  •      .    •  , 

Tin     f  rth  i        K|ve  expression  to  in  words. 

Wag  the  tongue.     To  be  loquacious. 


Speech — Adjectives. 


Declamatory.     Given  to  speaking  in  a  rhetorical  style. 

Elocutionary.     Pertaining  to  the  art  of  public  speaking. 

Eloquent.     Having  the  power  of  expressing  strong  emotions  in  an 

elevated  and  effective  manner. 
Grandiloquent,  etc.     Given  to  speaking  in  a  pompous  manner.     See 

Simplicjty-Floridness. 
Lingual.     Pertaining  to  the  use  of  the  tongue  in  speaking. 
Not  written.     Spoken, 
Oral.     Uttered  by  the  mouth. 


Oratorical.     Becoming  an  eloquent  public  speaker. 

Outspoken.     Expressing  a  decided  opinion  for  or  against. 

Phonetic.     Pertaining  to  the  articulate  sounds  made  by  the  human 

voice. 
Rhetorical.     Eloquent  in  an  artificial  manner. 
Speaking,  etc.     Expressing  thoughts  in  words.     See  Verbs. 
Spoken  etc.     By  word  of  mouth.     See  Verbs. 

Talkative,  etc.     Given  to  talking  a  great  deal.     See  Talrativeness. 
Unwritten.     Spoken. 


Speech — Adverbs,  etc. 


By  word  of  mouth.     By  direct  oral  communication. 
From  the  lipa  of.     Received  by  actual  speech  of. 


Quoth  he. 


Orally,  etc.      By  word  of  mouth.      See  Adjectives. 
Viva  voce  [L.].     By  spoken  word ,  orally. 


Speech —  Phrases 
Said  he. 


speech'-i-fy.    Speaking.     Speech  -  Inarticulateness. 

speech'-i-fy-ing.  Making  speeches.  Speech  -  Inar- 
ticulateness. 

speech'-less.     Mute.     Vocalization-Muteness. 

speech'-mak"-er.  Speaker.  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness. 

speed.  Help;  velocity.  Activity-Indolence,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Success- Failure,  Swiftness- 
Slowness;  Godspeed,  Charitableness  -  Malevo- 
lence; with  breathless  speed,  Hurry-Leisure. 

speed'-i-ly.    Soon.    Earliness-Lateness. 

speed'-y.     Quick.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

spell.  Letter;  charm;  tell.  Devotion-Charm,  Du- 
ration-Neverness,  Education-Learning,  Letter, 
Motive-Caprice,  Toil-Relaxation,  Volition-Ob- 
ligation; cast  a  spell,  Devotion-Magic,  Volition- 
Obligation;  knurr  and  spell,  Entertainment- 
Weariness;  spell  out,  Interpretation-Misinter- 
pretation. 

spell'-bound".  Fascinated.  Astonishment-Expec- 
tance. Motive-Caprice,  Volition-Obligation. 

spell'-ing.     Naming  the  letters.     Letters. 

spence.     Larder.     Store. 

spen'-cer.     Overcoat.     Dress-Undress. 

spend.  Pay;  exhaust;  lose;  waste.  Admission-Ex- 
pulsion, Buying-Sale,  Giving-Receiving,  Out- 
lay-Income, Provision-Waste;  spend  freely,  Gen- 
erosity-Frugality; spend  one's  time  in,  Occupa- 
tion; spend  time,  Duration-Neverness;  spend 
time  in,  Activity-Indolence. 

spend'-thrift".     Prodigal.     Extravagance  -  Avarice. 

spent.  Exhausted.  Strength -Weakness,  Weari- 
ness-Refreshment 

speranza  6  il  pan  de  miseri,  la  [It.]  (spe-ran'-tsa  £  il 
pan  de  mi'-ser-i,  la).  Hope  is  the  bread  of  the 
wretched. 


sper"-ma-ce'-ti .     Stearin.     Pulpiness-Oiliness. 

sper'-ma-ry.     Testicle.     Biology. 

sper-mat'-ic .     Fructifying.     Fertility-Sterility. 

sper'-ma-tize.     Emit  seed.     Fertility-Sterility. 

spero,  dum  spiro  [L.]  (spi'-ro,  dum  spai'-ro).  While  I 
breathe,  1  hope.     Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

spero  meliora  [L.]  (spi'-ro  mel-i-o'-ra) .  I  hope  for  better 
things.     Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

spes  esse  dicilur,  cegroto  dum  anima  est  [  L.]  (spiz 
es'-si  dis'-i-tur,  i-gro'-to  dum  an'-im-a  est) .  While 
there  is  life  to  a  sick  man,  there  is  said  to  be  hope. 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

spes  non  fracta,  at  [L.]  (spiz  non  frac'-ta,  at).  But 
hope  is  not  broken.     Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

spes  sibi  quisque  [L.]  (spiz  sib'-i  quis'-qui).  Each  one 
a  hope  for  himself.     Determination- Vacillation. 

spew.     Vomit.     Admission-Expulsion. 

sphac'-el-us.     Gangrene.     Health-Sickness. 

sphe-noi'-dal.  Pertaining  to  the  sphenoid.  Mineral- 
ogy. 

sphere.  Solid;  ball;  province.  Extension-District, 
Extension-Inextension,  Occupation,  Quantity- 
Measure,  Roundness,  Universe 

spher'-ic-al.  Globular.  Circle-Winding,  Round- 
ness. 

sphe'-roid.     Almost  a  sphere.     Roundness. 

spher'-ule.     Globule.     Roundness. 

spher'-y.     Celestial.     Universe. 

sphinx.     Monster;   oracle;   person.     Ambiguity,   Con 

VENTIOMALITY  -  UnCONVENTIONALITY,      SOOTHSAYER, 

Tidings-Mystery. 

spi'-al.     Spy.     Warning. 

spice.  Aromatic;  smack;  taste.  Condiment,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness,  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Pun- 
gency. 


SPICILEGJUM. 


1000 


SPLIT. 


spici!egium[L.]  (spis-i-le'-ji-um) .  Gleaning.  Digest, 
Gathering-Scattering. 

spick  and  span.     New.     Novelty-Antiquity. 

spic'-u-late .     Sharp-pointed.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

spic'-u-lum.     Spicule.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

spi'-cy.  Pungent;  piquant.  Excitation,  Perfume- 
Stench,  Pungency. 

spigf-ot.     Plug.      Perforator-Stopper. 

spike.  Nail;  pierce.  Aperture-Closure,  Per- 
forator-Stopper, Sharpness-Bluntness;  spike 
guns,  Might-Impotence,  Obstruction-Help,  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness. 

spike'-bit".  Bit  shaped  like  a  spike.  Perforator- 
Stopper. 

spiked.     Nailed.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

spik'-y.     Full  of  spikes.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

spill.  Filament;  plug;  shed;  waste;  throw.  Admis- 
sion-Expulsion, Combustible,  Extravagance- 
Avarice,  Lamina -Fiber,  Perforator -Stopper, 
Provision -Waste,  River -Wind;  spill  and  pelt, 
Medium,  Regularity-Irregularity;  spill  blood, 
Fighting-Conciliation. 

spin.  Twist;  reject.  Choice-Rejection,  Revolu- 
tion-Evolution; spin  a  long  yarn,  Gull-Hyper- 
bole, Terseness-Prolixity;  spin  out,  Earliness- 
Lateness,  Lastingness-Transientness,  Length- 
Shortness,  Terseness-Prolixity. 

spin'-dle.     Rod.     Revolution-Evolution. 

spin'-dle-shanks".  Slender  legs.  Breadth-Narrow- 
ness. 

spin'-dle-shaped".    Fusiform.    Sharpness-Bluntness. 

spin'-drift.     Spoondrift.     Viscidity-Foam. 

spine.     Projection.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

spin'-el.     Mineral.     Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

spin'-et.  Harpsichord;  thicket.  Fauna-Flora, 
Musical  Instruments. 

spin'-na-ker.  A  sail  carried  on  the  mainmast  of 
racing  vessels.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

spin'-ney.     Copse.     Fauna-Flora. 

spi-nos'-i-ty.  Thorniness.  Clearness-Obscurity. 
Favorite-Moroseness,  Politeness-Impoliteness, 
Sharpness-Bluntness. 

spi'-nous.     Prickly.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

spin'-ster.     Old  maid.     Matrimony-Celibacy. 

spi'-ny.     Thorny.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

spir'-a-cle.     Aperture.     Watercourse-Airpipe. 

spi'-ral.     Winding.     Circle-Winding. 

spire.  Point;  send  upward.  Architecture,  Ascent- 
Descent,  Height-Lowness,  Sharpness-Blunt- 
ness. 

spir'-it.  Essence;  rational  being;  energy;  influence; 
meaning;  ghost.  Activity-Indolence,  Affections, 
Bravery -Cowardice,  Force -Weakness,  Jove- 
Fiend,  Materiality-Spirituality,  Meaning-Jar- 
gon, Mind-Imbecility,  Subjectiveness-Objective- 
ness,  Toil- Relaxation;  bad  spirit,  Jove-Fiend; 
evil  spirit,  Angel  -  Satan  ;  keep  one's  spirit  up, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  master  spirit,  Toil- 
Relaxation;  spirit  up,  Excitation,  Motive- 
Caprice;  unclean  spirit,  Angel-Satan;  with  life 
and  spirit,  Activity-Indolence. 

Spir'-it,  the  Ho'-ly.     Deity.     Divinity. 

Bpir'-it-ed.  Animated.  Activity-Indolence,  Bra- 
very-Cowardice, Force-Weakness,  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection,  Sensitiveness-Apathy,  Un- 
selfishness-Selfishness. 

spir'-it-ful.  Full  of  spirit.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

•pirMt-less.  Dead;  listless.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Lightheartedness  -  Dejection,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

«pi"-ri-to'-so.     Animated.     Music 

•pirMt-rap'-ping.  Communication.  Devotion- 

Magic. 


spir'-its.  Liquor.  Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

spir'-it-stir'-ring.     Soul-stirring.     Excitation. 

spir'-i-tu-al.  Incorporeal;  pure.  Divinity,  Godliness- 
Ungodliness,  Materiality- Spirituality,  Mind- 
Imbecility;  spiritual  director,  Ministry-Laity; 
spiritual  existence,  Godliness-Ungodliness. 

spir'-i-tu-al-ism.  Belief;  state.  Devotion-Magic, 
Materiality-Spirituality,  Mind-Imbecility. 

spir'-i-tu-al-ist.  One  who  believes  in  spiritualism. 
Materiality-Spirituality. 

spir"-i-tu-al'-i-ty.  Freedom  from  worldliness.  Mate- 
riality-Spirituality. 

spir'-i-tu-al-ize.  Make  spiritual.  Spirituality,  Ra- 
tiocination-Instinct. 

spirituelle  [F.]  (spir"-i-tu-el') .  Fine  qualities.  Wit- 
tiness-Dulness. 

spirt.  Spurt;  eject;  hasten.  Approach-Withdrawal, 
Hurry-Leisure,  River-Wind,  Toil-Relaxation. 

spir'-tle.  Scatter;  splash.  Gathering-Scattering, 
River-Wind. 

spis'-si-tude.  Thickness.  Solidity-Rarity,  Viscid- 
ity-Foam. 

spit.  Saliva;  flurry;  point.  Admission-Expulsion, 
Aperture -Closure,  River-Wind,  Sharpness- 
Bluntness;  spitfire,   Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

spite.  Bitterness.  Charitableness -Malevolence; 
in  spite  of,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Coopera- 
tion-Opposition, Harmony-Discord;  in  spite  of 
one's  teeth,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Coercion, 
Readiness-Reluctance. 

spite'-ful.  Maliciousness.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Love-Hate. 

spit'-tle.     Saliva.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

splanch-nol'-o-gy.     Study  of  viscera.     Texture. 

splash.  Spatter;  parade.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Pomp,  River-Wind,  Stream;  make  a  splash,  Pomp, 
Reputation-Discredit. 

splay'-foot"-ed.     Flatness.     Proportion-Deformity. 

spleen.  Malice;  organ;  temper.  Favorite-Morose- 
ness, Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Love-Anger, 
Love-Hate;  harbor  spleen,  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence. 

spleen'-less.  Without    spite.  Charitableness- 

Malevolence. 

spleen'-y.     Irritable.     Favorite-Moroseness. 

splen'-did.  Shining;  magnificent.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Light-Darkness,  Pomp,  Reputation-Discredit. 

splen'-dor.  Richness;  preeminence;  bright.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Light-Darkness,  Pomp,  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

sple-net'-ic.  Peevish.  Favorite-Moroseness,  Light- 
heartedness-Dejection. 

splice.  Unite;  fix.  Crossing,  Environment-Inter- 
position, Renovation-Relapse,  Union-Disunion; 
splice  the  main  brace,  Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

spliced,  be.     Married.     Matrimony-Celibacy. 

splint.  Support.  Remedy-Bane,  Suspension-Sup- 
port. 

splint'-er.  Sliver;  piece.  Lamina-Fiber,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Toughness-Brittleness,  Union-Dis- 
union. 

splin'-ter-y.     Full  of  splinters.     Toughness-Brittle  - 

NESS. 

split.  Part;  disrupt;  laugh.  Doubling -Halv- 
ing, Jubilation-Lamentation,  Success-Failure, 
Toughness-Brittleness,  Union-Disunion,  Vari- 
ance-Accord; split  hairs,  Differentiation-Indis- 
crimination, Ratiocination-Instinct;  split  one's 
sides,  Jubilation-Lamentation;  split  the  differ- 
ence, Composition,  Medium;  split  the  ears.  Cacoph- 
ony, Loudness-Faintness;  split  the  head,  Cacoph- 
ony, Loudness-Faintness;  split  upon  a  rock,  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 


SPLITTING. 


1001 


SPRING— DIVE. 


split'-ting.     Dividing.     Toughness-Brittleness. 

gplut'-ter.  Speak;  bustle.  Admission-Expulsion, 
Hurry-Leisure,  Speech-Inarticu lateness ,Vigor- 
Inertia. 

spoil.  Booty;  waste;  injure.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Harshness -Mildness,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Plunder,  Repletion,  Theft;  spoil  sport, 
Obstruction-Help;  spoil  trade,  Antagonism-Con- 
currence. 

spoiled  child.  Petted.  Favorite-Anger,  Repletion; 
spoiled  child  of  fortune,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

spoil'-er.     Robber.      Robber. 

spoil'-ing.     Wasting.     Betterment-Deterioration. 

spoke.  Wheel;  obstruct.  Length-Shortness,  Ob- 
struction-Help, Sharpness-Bluntness;  put  a 
spoke  in  one's  wheel,  Difficulty-Facility,  Might- 
Impotence,  Obstruction-Help. 

spo'-ken.    Uttered  orally.    Speech-Inarticulateness. 

spokes'-man.  Speaker.  Interpreter,  Speech-In- 
articulateness. 

spolia  opima  [L.]  (spo'-li-a  op-ai'-ma).  The  richest 
spoils.     Plunder. 

spo'-li-ate.     Plunder.     Theft. 

spo"-li-a'-tion.     Plundering.     Good-Evil,  Theft. 

spon'-dee.     Foot.     Poetry-Prose. 

sponge.  Animal;  parasite;  dampen;  dry.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Dampness-Dryness,  Teetotalism-In- 
temperance,  Theft;  apply  the  sponge,  Mark-Oblit- 
eration, Settlement-Default;  sponge  out,  Mark- 
Obliteration. 

spon'-gi-ness.     Porosity.     Solidity-Rarity. 

spong'-ing-house.     Prison.      Release-Prison. 

spon'-gi-ous.     Spongy.     Convexity-Concavity. 

spon'-gy.  Soft;  porous.  Convexity-Concavity, 
Hardness-Softness. 

spon'-sion.     Surety.     Security. 

spon'-sor.  Responsible;  god-father.  Evidence-Coun- 
terevidence,  Security;  be  sponsor  for,  Duty- 
Dereliction,  Engagement-Release. 

spon'-sor-ship.     Being  sponsor.     Security. 

spon"-ta-ne'-i-ty.  Quality    of    being    spontaneous. 

Volition-Obligation.     - 

spon-ta'-ne-ous.  Impulsive;  willing.  Liberty-Sub- 
jection, Nature -Art,  Predetermination- Im- 
pulse. 

spon-ta'-ne-ous-ness.  State  of  being  spontaneous. 
Impulse,  Readiness-Reluctance,  Volition-Obli- 
gation. 

spon'-toon.     Demi-pike.     Weapon. 

spook.     Ghost.     Jove-Fiend. 

spoon.  Utensil;  love.  Blandishment,  Contents- 
Receiver,  Conveyance-Vessel,  Instrument;  born 
with  a  silver  spoon  in  one's  mouth,  Welfare-Misfor- 
tune. 

spoon'-ful.  Small  amount.  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Quantity-Measure. 

spoon'-meat".     Pap.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

spoon'-y.  Love-sick.  Blandishment,  Sagacity-In- 
capacity. 

spo-rad'-ic.     Separate.     Gathering-Scattering. 

spore.     Germ.     Friability. 

sport.  Pastime.  Entertainment-Weariness,  Life- 
Killing,  Pomp,  Quest-Evasion;  in  sport,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness, Wittiness-Dulness;  sport 
of  fortune,  Welfare-Misfortune;  the  sport  of, 
Liberty-Subjection. 

sport'-ing.  Engaging  in  field-sports.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Life-Killing,  Quest-Evasion, 
Strife-Peace;  sporting  dog,  Fauna-Flora. 


sport'-ive.     Frolicsome.  Entertainment-Weari- 

ness, Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

sports'-man.  Sporting  man.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness,  Life-Killing,  Quest-Evasion. 

spor'-tu-la-ry.     Living  on  alms.     Giving-Receiving. 

spor'-tule.     Spore.     Friability. 

spot.  Place;  stain.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement, Extension-Place,  Posi- 
tion, Reputation-Discredit,  Sign;  on  the  spot, 
Earliness  -  Lateness,  Eternity  -  Instantaneity  . 
Presence-Absence,  Time. 

spot'-less.  Clean;    flawless.  Beauty-Ugliness, 

Cleanness  -  Filthiness,  Faultlessness  -  Faulti- 
ness,  Innocence-Guilt. 

spots  in  the  sun,  see.     Fastidious.     Particularness. 

spot'-ted.  Stained.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Variegation. 

spot'-ti-ness.  State  of  being  spotted.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Variegation. 

spot'-ty.     Spotted.     Variegation. 

spou'-sal.     Nuptial.     Matrimony-Celibacy. 

spouse.  Husband;  wife.  Matrimony-Celibacy,  Soli- 
tude-Company. 

spouse'-less.     Unmarried.     Matrimony-Celibacy. 

spout.  Speak;  opening;  pawn.  Acting,  Entrance- 
Exit,  River-Wind,  Security,  Speech-Inarticu- 
lateness, Watercourse-Airpipe. 

sprag.  An  instrument  for  chocking  the  wheels  of  a 
coal-car.     Instrument,  Release-Restraint. 

sprain.  Strain.  Might-Impotence,  Strength-Weak- 
ness. 

sprawl.  Prostrate.  Ascent-Descent,  Erectness- 
Flatness,  Length-Shortness. 

spray.  Sprig;  foam.  Viscidity  -  Foam,  Whole- 
Part. 

spread.  Cover;  expand;  table.  Concentration- 
Radiation,  Enlargement-Diminution,  Exten- 
sion- Inextension,  Gathering -Scattering,  In- 
crease-Decrease, Nutriment-Excretion,  Pub- 
licity; spread  abroad,  Publicity;  spread  a  shade, 
Light-Darkness;  spread  canvas,  Traveling-Navi- 
gation; spread  out,  Enlargement-Diminution; 
spread  sail,  Traveling  -  Navigation;  spread  to, 
Remoteness-Nearness;  spread  the  toils,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

spree.     Frolic.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

spreta  injuria  formes  [L.]  (spri'-ti  in-jiu'-ri-a  for'-mi). 
The  insult  to  her  slighted  beauty.  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement, Beauty-Ugliness,  Regard-Disre- 
spect. 

sprig.     Sprout.     Suspension-Support,  Whole-Part. 

spright'-ful.     Lively.    Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

spright'-ly.     Animated.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

spring.  Time;  leap;  water;  instrument.  Arrival- 
Departure,  Cause-Effect,  Elasticity-Inelas- 
ticity, Impetus-Reaction,  Instrument,  Morning- 
Evening,  River-Wind,  Spring-Dive,  Store, 
Strength-Weakness,  Swiftness-Slowness;  spring 
a  leak,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness;  spring  a  mine,  Attack-Defense, 
Creation  -  Destruction,  Expectation  -  Surprise  ; 
spring  a  project,  Design;  spring  back,  Elasticity- 
Inelasticity,  Impetus-Reaction;  spring  from, 
Cause-Effect;  springs  of  action,  Habit-Desue- 
tude; spring  to  one's  feet,  Elevation-Depression; 
spring  up,  Ascent-Descent,  Beginning-End,  En- 
largement -  Diminution,  Occurrence  -  Destiny, 
Visibility-Invisibility;  spring  upon,  Taking- 
Restitution. 


SPRING— DIVE. 


Bound.     A  leap;  a  spring. 

Caper.     A  frolicsome  leap  or  spring. 


Dip.     The  act  of  plunging  momentarily  into  a  liquid. 
Dive.     A  plunge,  head  foremost,  into  water. 


SPRING. 


1002 


SPUR. 


SPRING—  DIVE— Continued. 


Capriole.     A  leap  that  a  horse  makes  with  all  fours,  upwards  only, 

without  advancing. 
Caracole.     A  half-turn  which  a  horseman  makes. 
Curvet.     A  leap  of  a  horse  when  he  raises  both  his  fore  legs  at  once, 

and.  as  his  fore  legs  are  falling,  raises  his  hind  legs. 
Dance.     The  leaping    tripping,  or  measured  stepping  of  one  who 

dances. 
Demivolt.     A  half-vault;  a  particular  leap  of  a  horse. 
Falcade.     The  action  of  a  horse  when  he  springs  alternately  on  hind 

and  fore  feet. 

am  a     •£•  a  curveting  or  prank. 
Gambado. ' 

Hop.     A  leap  on  one  leg. 
Hop,  skip,  and  jump.    A  game  in  which  one  covers  as  much  ground  as 

possible  by  a  hop,  skip,  and  jump  in  succession. 
Jump.     A  springing  free  from  the  ground  by  the  muscular  action  of 

feet  and  legs. 
Leap.     A  spring  in  which  both  feet  are  off  the  ground. 
Saltation.     A  leaping. 
Spring.     A  leap-  a  jump. 
Vault.     A  leap  or  bound. 

Spring — Denotations. 

Buc   .  i  ypke  male  of  fallow  deer,  antelopes,  goats,  etc. 

Buck-jump  J 

Chamois.     A  small  species  of  antelope,  possessing  remarkable  agility. 
Flea.     An  insect  destitute  of  wings,  but  having  the  power  of  leaping 

energetically. 
Frog.     An  amphibious  animal  which  swims  rapidly  and  takes  long 

leaps  on  land. 
Goat.     A  horned  ruminant,  remarkable  for  its  leaping  ability. 
Grasshopper.     A  jumping  winged  insect. 
Jerboa.     A  small  jumping  rodent. 
Kangaroo.     A  species  of  jumping  marsupials. 

Spring — Verbs. 
Bob.     To  move  in  a  short  jerky  manner. 
Bounce.     To  spring  or  leap  quickly. 
Bound.     To  move  forward  by  leaps  or  bounds. 
Caper.     To  leap  in  a  sprightly  manner. 
Caracole.     To  wheel  or  turn. 
Curvet.     To. leap  or  spring,  as  a  horse. 
Cut  capers.     To  frolic;  caper. 

Dance.     To  leap  or  move  in  measured  steps,  usually  to  the  accom- 
paniment of  music. 
Dance  oneself  off  one's  legs.     To  dance  very  rapidly. 
Flounce.     To  throw  the  body  and  limbs  one  way  and  the  other. 
Foot  it.     To  dance;  skip. 

Frisk,  etc.     To  leap;  gambol.     See  Entertainment. 
Hop.     To  leap  on  one  leg. 

Jump  about,  etc.     To  spring  or  leap  about.     See  Agitation. 
Jump  over  the  moon.     To  leap  very  high. 
Jump  up.     To  raise  both  feet  off  the  ground  at  once. 


Diver.     One  who  dives. 

Ducking,  etc.     The  act  of  dipping  or  plunging  suddenly  into  watet 

and  then  quickly  withdrawing.     See  Verbs. 
Header.     A  plunge  or  dive  into  the  water,  head  foremost. 
Plunge.     To  drive  oneself  into  the  water. 

Dive — Verbs. 

Bathe,  etc.     To  wash  the  body  by  immersing  in  water.     See  Watw- 

Dip.     To  plunge  into  water. 

Dive.     To  descend  or  plunge  into  water. 

Douse.     To  thrust  into  water. 

Duck.     To  dip  into  water. 

Engulf.     To  swallow  up. 

Founder.     To  fill  with  water. 

Get  out  of  one's  depth.     To  get  into  water  that  is  too  deep  for  one. 

Go  down  like  a  stone.  \  To  s{nk        he  bottom  rf  th(J  wa.er_ 

Go  to  the  bottom.        ) 

Make  a  plunge.     To  throw  oneself  into  water. 

Plump.     To  plunge  like  a  mass  of  dead  matter. 

Plunge.     To  dive  ;  thrust  oneself  into  water. 

Send  to  the  bottom.     To  sink. 

Sink.     To  go  to  the  bottom. 

Souse.     To  plunge  into  water. 

Submerge.     To  put  under  water. 

Submerse      To  submerge. 

Take  a  header.)  To  ,       h  ^  foremost_ 

Take  a  plunge.) 

Wallow.     To  roll  or  tumble  about  heavily,  as  in  mire. 

Welter.     To  rise  and  fa/1  as  waves. 


Leap. 

Ramp. 

Skip. 

Spring 

Start. 

Trip 


SPRING — Verbs — Continued. 

To  jump ;  spring. 

To  leap ,  bound ;  prance. 
To  leap  and  bound,  as  a  goat. 

To  bound;  jump. 
To  move  with  a  sudden  leap  or  jump. 
To  move  or  walk  with  light,  quick  steps. 
Trip  it  on  the  light  fantastic  toe.     To  dance. 
Vault.     To  leap  over. 

Spring — Adjectives. 

Frisky.     Jumping  with  lightness. 
Leaping,  etc.     Jumping.     See  Verbs. 
Saltatory.     Leaping;  springing. 

Spring — Adverbs,  etc. 

Di  saho  [It.].     At  a  leap. 

On  the  light  fantastic  toe.     In  a  dancing  manner. 

Spring — Phrase 
Di  salto  in  saho  [It.].     With  leap  after  leap. 


spring'-bal"-ance.  A  device  for  weighing.  Heavi- 
ness-Lightness. 

springe.     A  snare.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

spring  e'-qui-nox.  Crossing  of  the  earth's  equator  by 
the  sun  on  March  21st.     Astronomy. 

spring'-gun".  A  gun  worked  by  a  spring.  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

spring'-i-ness.     Elasticity.     Elasticity-Inelasticity. 

sprin -gle.     A  snare.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

spring'-net".     A  snare.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

spring'-tide".     The  high  tide  which  occurs  twice  every 

U    month;  any  great  flood  of  feeling.     Entirety-De- 

"  piciency,  Height-Lowness,  Infancy-Age,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness,  River-Wind. 

spring'-v.     Elastic.     Elasticity-Inelasticity. 

sprin-kle.  A  falling  in  drops;  a  small  quantity.  Ad- 
dition-Subtraction, Ceremonial,  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Mixture -Homogeneity,  Variega- 
tion, Water-Air. 

sprin'-kling.  A  small,  scattering  quantity.  Magni- 
tude-Smallness,  Mixture-Homogeneity. 

sprit.  A  small  spar;  a  sprout.  Parentage-Progeny, 
Suspension-Support. 

sprite.     A  fairy  or  goblin.     Jove-Fiend. 


sprit'-sail.  A  sail  extended  by  a  sprit.  Conveyance. 
Vessel. 

sprout.  A  new  shoot  or  bud.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion, Increase-Decrease,  Parentage-Progeny; 
sprout  from,  Cause-Effect. 

spruce.  Neat;  trim.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Cleanness- 
Filthiness. 

sprue.     A    projection    from    a"  casting.     Cleanness- 

FlLTHINESS. 

sprung.  Cracked  or  strained.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Faultlessness-Faultiness. 

spry.  Agile.  Activity-Indolence,  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection. 

spud.  A  spade-like  implement.  Conveyance-Ves- 
sel. 

spume.     Froth.     Viscidity-Foam. 

spunk.     Courage.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

spun  out.  Protracted.  Lastingness-Transient- 
ness,  Terseness-Prolixity. 

spur.  A  goading  instrument  worn  on  the  heel;  insti- 
gation. Convexity-Concavity,  Motive-Caprice, 
Sharpness-Bluntness;  on  the  spur  of  the  moment, 
Earliness  -  Lateness,  Eternity  -  In*stantaneity, 
Opportuneness-Unsuitableness,  Predetermina- 


SPUR. 


1003 


STAGE. 


tion-Impulse;  win  spurs,  Refutation-Discredit, 
Success-Failure. 

spu'-ri-ous.  Not  genuine.  Dueness-Undueness, 
Truth-Error,  Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

spurn.  To  reject  with  scorn.  Regard-Scorn,  Un- 
concern. 

spurred.     Wearing  spurs.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

spurt.  An  increase  of  energy  for  a  short  time.  Hurry- 
Leisure,  Lastingness  -Transientness,  Prede- 
termination-Impulse, River-Wind,  Swiftness- 
Slowness,  Toil-Relaxation. 

spu'-ta.     Saliva.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

sput'-ter.  To  emit  in  a  scattering  manner;  to  stammer. 
Admission-Expulsion,  River-Wind,  Speech-In- 
articulateness, Vigor-Inertia. 

spy.  To  explore;  to  see  secretly.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Investigation -Answer,  Messenger, 
Onlooker,  Sight-Blindness,  Warning. 

spy'-glass".  A  small  terrestrial  telescope.  Optical 
Instruments. 

squab.  Fat  and  short.  Breadth-Narrowness, 
Greatness-Littleness,  Length-Shortness,  Sus- 
pension-Support. 

squab'-ble.     To  quarrel.     Variance-Accord. 

squab'-by.     Short  and  fat.     Length-Shortness. 

squad.  A  small  group  of  persons,  as  soldiers.  Bel- 
ligerent, Gathering-Scattering. 

squad'-ron.  An  assemblage  of  war- vessels ;  a  company 
of  soldiers.     Belligerent. 

squal'-id.  Having  a  mean,  poverty-stricken  appear- 
ance.    Beauty-Ugliness,  Cleanness-Filthiness. 

squall.  A  loud  outcry;  a  burst  of  wind.  Cry-Ulula- 
tion,  River-Wind,  Turbulence-Calmness,  Vari- 
ance-Accord. 

squall'-er.     One  who  squalls.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

squal'-or.  The  filth  of  thriftless  poverty.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness. 

squa'-mous.     Scaly.     Cover-Lining,  Lamina-Fiber. 

squan'-der.  To  spend  wastefully.  Extravagance- 
Avarice,  Provision-Waste,  Use-Misuse. 

squan'-dered .     Spent.     Extravagance-Avarice. 

squan'-der-ing.     Spending.     Extravagance-Avarice. 

square.  A  figure  having  four  equal  sides  and  four  right 
angles;  an  open  space  in  a  town ;  true;  just.  Agree- 
ment-Disagreement, Angularity,  Compensa- 
tion, Dueness-Undueness,  Dweller-Habitation, 
Erectness-Flatness,  Quaternity,  Strife-Peace; 
make  all  square,  Renovation-Relapse;  on  the 
square,  Uprightness-Dishonesty;  put  a  square 
thing  into  a  round  hole,  Skill-Unskilfulness; 
square  accounts,  Accounts,  Settlement-Default; 
square  chain,  Measure;  square  foot,  Measure;  square 
inch,  Measure;  square  inches,  Extension-Dis- 
trict; square  link,  Measure;  square  mile,  Measure; 
square  rod,  Measure;  square  the  circle,  Possibility- 
Impossibility;  square  up,  Painting;  square  with, 
Harmony-Discord;  square  yards,  Extension-Dis- 
trict. 

square'-toes".  A  precise  person.  Society-Laugh- 
ingstock. 

squash.  To  beat  or  press  into  a  soft  mass.  Creation- 
Destruction,  Hardness-Softness,  Impetus-Re- 
action, Resonance-Sibilation,  Swamp-Island, 
Viscidity-Foam. 

squash'-y.  Mashed  into  a  soft  mass.  Swamp-Isi.axd, 
Viscidity-Foam. 

squat.  To  crouch  in  a  sitting  posture ;  short  and  thick. 
Breadth-Narrowness,  Establishment-Removal, 
Greatness-Littleness,  Height-Lowness,  Length- 
Shortness,  Spring-Dive. 

•quat'-ter.  One  who  settles  on  land  without  right. 
Dweller-Habitation. 


squaw.  An  American  Indian  woman.  Male-Female, 
Matrimony-Celibacy. 

squeak.   A  sharp,  penetrating  sound.    Cry-Ululation. 

squeal.     A  shrill  cry.     Cry-Ululation. 

squeam'-ish.  Easily  shocked.  Desire-Particular- 
ness,  Health-Sickness,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

squea'-sy.  Sick  at  the  stomach ;  nauseating.  Desire- 
Particularness. 

squeez'-a-ble.     That  may  be  squeezed.     Consent. 

squeeze.  To  compress.  Enlargement-Diminution, 
Politeness  -  Impoliteness,  Solidity  -  Rarity; 

squeeze  out,  Giving-Receiving,  Injection-Ejec- 
tion. 

squeez'-ing.  Compressing.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion.- 

squelch.     To  disconcert.     Creation-Destruction. 

squib.  To  discharge;  a  lampoon.  Crash-Drumming, 
Society-Derision. 

squint.     Looking  askance.     Sight-Dimsightedness. 

squire.  An  esquire;  a  lawyer  or  prominent  citizen. 
Obstruction-Help,  Chief-Underling,  Gentility^ 
Commonalty. 

squire'-ar"-chy.  A  body  of  squires.  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

squir-een'.  An  Irish  landlord.  Gentility-Common- 
alty. 

squir'-rel.  A  rodent.  Activity  -  Indolence,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness. 

squirt.  To  spurt  forth.  Admission-Expulsion, 
River-Wind. 

S.  S.  C.     Solicitor  Supreme  Court.     Advocate. 

stab.  To  pierce  with  a  pointed  weapon.  Aperture- 
Closure,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Goodness- 
Badness,  Life-Killing. 

sta-bil'-i-tate .  To  establish  firmly.  Mutability-Sta- 
bility. 

sta-bil'-i-ty.  Steadiness.  Mutability-Stability, 
Mutation-Permanence. 

sta'-ble.  A  building  for  the  occupancy  of  horses;  fixed. 
Dweller-Habitation,  Mutability-Stability,  Mu- 
tation-Permanence; lock  the  stable  door  when  the 
steed  is  stolen,  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness, 
Skill-Unskilfulness,  Usefulness-Uselessness; 
stable  equilibrium,  Mutability-Stability. 

stab'-lish.     To  settle.     Mutability-Stability. 

stab'-lish-ment.     Settlement.     Mutability-Stability. 

stac-ca'-to.  Marked  by  abrupt,  sharp  emphasis. 
Music. 

stack.  A  systematic  pile  or  heap.  Gathering-Scat- 
tering, Store. 

stad'-dle.     A  prop.     Suspension-Support. 

stade.     A  wharf.     Convexity-Concavity. 

stadt'-hold"-er.     A  governor.     Chief-Underling. 

staff.  A  stick  carried  for  some  special  purpose;  a  body 
of  officers;  a  musical  scale.  Association,  Chief- 
Underling,  Council,  Melody-Dissonance,  San- 
guineness-  Hopelessness,  Scepter,  Sign,  Sus- 
pension-Support, Weapon;  pastoral  staff,  Vest- 
ments; staff-officer,  Chief-Underling;  staff  of  life, 
Life-Death,  Nutriment-Excretion;  staff  of  office, 
Scepter. 

stag.  A  male,  especially  of  the  deer.  Fauna-Flora. 
Male-Female,  Settlement-Default. 

stage.  A  platform;  the  theater;  a  station;  a  degree 
of  advancement;  a  vehicle.  Acting,  Conveyance- 
Vessel,  Duration-Neverness,  Fauna -Flora, 
Lamina-Fiber,  Lists,  Position,  Quantity-Meas- 
ure, School,  Station,  Suspension-Support;  come 
upon  the  stage,  Visibility-Invisibility;  go  off  the 
stage,  Appearance-Disappearance,  Arrival-De- 
parture; on  the  stage,  Acting,  Manifestation- 
Latency;  stage  business,  Acting;  stage-coach,  Con- 
veyance-Vessel; stage  direction,  Precept;  stage 
effect,    Pomp;    stage-manager,  Acting;    stage-play, 


STAGE. 


1004 


STANDING. 


Acting;    stage-player,  Acting;    stage  trick,  Pomp; 
stage  whisper,  Vocalization-Muteness. 
sta'-ger.     An    actor.     Acting,    Agent;     old    stager, 

Adept-Bungler,  Infant- Veteran. 
sta'-ger-y.     Exhibition.     Acting. 
stage'-wag-oa.      A   wagon    serving  as  a  stage-coach. 

Conveyance-Vessel. 
stage'-y.     Theatrical.     Acting. 

stag'-ger.     To  reel;  to  waver.     Agitation,  Astonish- 
ment-Expectance,     Excitation.     Expectation- 
Surprise, Faith-Misgiving,  Motive-Caprice,  Oscil- 
lation, Swiftness-Slowness;  stagger  belief ,  Faith- 
Misgiving;  stagger  like  a  drunken  man,  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation. 
stag'-ger-ing.     Giddy.     Agitation. 
stag'-gers.     Giddy  sensation.     Agitation. 
Stag'-i-rite.     A  native  of  Stageira,  especially  Aristotle. 

Taste-Vulgarity. 
stag'-nan-cy.      A    stagnant     condition.       Movement- 
Rest. 
stag'-nant.     Standing  still.     Movement-Rest. 
stag'-nate.      To  be  or  become  stagnant.      Movement- 
Rest. 
stag-na'-tion.     An  inaction.     Movement-Rest. 
sta'-gy.     Belonging  to  or  befitting  the  stage.     Acting, 

Society-Affectation. 
staid.  Sedate.    Excitability-Inexcitability,  Light- 
heartedness  -  Dejection,    Sagacity  -  Incapacity. 
staid'-ness.     Sedateness.     Excitability-Inexcitabil- 
ity. 
stain.     A  spot;  a  moral  taint.      Betterment-Deteri- 
oration,    Cleanness-Filthiness,     Color-Achro- 
matism, Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit; stain-paper,  Writing-Printing. 
stained.     Discolored;   soiled.     Travel-stained,     Trav- 
eling-Navigation. 
stain'-less.      Without  stain.      Cleanness-Filthiness, 

Innocence-Guilt,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 
stair.     A  step,  or  a  series  of  steps.     Way. 
stair'-case".     A  flight  of  steps.     Way. 
stair'-way".     A  staircase.     Way. 

stake.     A  post;    something  wagered.       Connective, 
Hurry-Leisure,    Property,    Purpose-Luck;     at 
stake,  Purpose-Luck,  Security-Insecurity. 
sta-lac'-tite.     An    icicle-like    form    in    which    certain 

minerals  are  deposited.     Cover-Lining. 
sta-lag'-mite.     A  deposition  on  the  floor  of  a  cavern. 

Cover-Lining. 
stale.     Having  lost  freshness.     Betterment-Deteri- 
oration,   Novelty-Antiquity,    Savor-Tasteless- 
ness;     stale,   flat,   and   unprofitable,     Usefulness- 
Uselessness;  stale  news,  Tidings-Mystery. 
stale'-mate" .     A  situation  in  chess  resulting  in  a  drawn 

game.     Success-Failure. 
stalk.     To  approach  stealthily  or  in  a  dignified  manner. 
Traveling-Navigation;      stalk     abroad,     Selfre- 
spect-Humbleness,  Universality- Particularity. 
stalk'-ing-horse".     A   horse   behind   which   a   hunter 
conceals    himself    in    stalking    game.     Exposure- 
Hidingplace,  Pretext. 
stall.   A  stable;  booth;  seat.    Acting,  Architecture, 
Church,    Contents-Receiver,     Dweller-Habita- 
tion,    Fane,     Suspension-Support;      finger-stall, 
Cover-Lining. 
stal'-lion.     An   uncastrated   male   horse.     Conveyer, 

Male-Female. 
stal'-wart.  Brawny.         Greatness  -  Littleness, 

Strength-Weakness. 
stam'-i-na.  Strength.   Persistence-Whim,  Strength- 
Weakness. 
stam'-mel.     Red.     Redness-Greenness. 
stam'-mer-ing.      Halting  utterance.     Speech-Inartic- 
ulateness. 
stamp.       An  impressed  mark;  kind;  label*      Comple- 


tion-Noncompletion,  Condition  -  Situation,  Di- 
vision, Engraving,  Form-Formlessness,  Security, 
Sign;  stamp  in  the  memory,  Remembrance-Forget- 
fulness;  stamp  out,  Creation-Destruction,  Heat- 
ing-Cooling; stamp  the  foot,  Favorite-Anger. 

stam-pede'.  A  sudden,  tumultuous  movement  of  a 
crowd.    Sanguineness-Timidity. 

stanch.  To  stop  or  check  the  flow  of  ;  staunch  a  flow. 
Determination-Caprice,  Health-Sickness,  Reno- 
vation-Relapse, River-Wind. 

stan'-chion.    A  timber  support.    Suspension-Support. 

stanch'-less.  Incapable  of  being  stanched  or  stopped. 
Excitability-Inexcitability. 

stand.  To  rest  in  an  erect  position;  to  keep  firm;  to 
stop;  to  halt;  to  endure;  to  continue  in  force.  Aper- 
ture-Closure, Bravery-Cowardice,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Emotion,  Entity-Nonentity,  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability, Lastingness  -  Transient- 
ness,  Mutation-Permanence,  Presence-Absence,. 
Reprisal-Resistance,  Station,  Suspension-Sup- 
port; at  a  stand,  Action-Passiveness;  come  to  a 
stand,  Difficulty-Facility;  make  a  stand,  Antago- 
nism-Concurrence, Strife-Peace;  stand  a  chance, 
Likelihood-Unlikelihood,  Possibility  -  Impossi- 
bility; stand  aghast,  Astonishment-Expectance; 
stand  aloof,  Action-Passiveness,  Politeness-Im- 
politeness, Proffer  -  Refusal,  Quest  -  Evasion, 
Recklessness-Caution,  stand  at  attention,  Expec- 
tation-Surprise; stand  at  ease,  Heed-Disregard; 
stand  by,  Attack -Defense,  Obstruction  -  Help, 
Remoteness -Nearness;  stand  committed,  Guard- 
Prisoner;  stand  fair  for,  Likelihood-Unlikeli- 
hood; stand  fire,  Bravery-Cowardice;  stand  firm, 
Determination-Vacillation,  Mutability-Stabil- 
ity, Reprisal-Resistance;  stand  first,  Beginning- 
End;  stand  for,  Beginning-End,  Commission-Abro- 
gation, Proffer-Refusal,  Representative,  Sign; 
stand  forth,  Visibility-Invisibility;  stand  in  need 
of,  Need;  stand  in  the  shoes  of,  Commission-Abro- 
gation, Commutation-Permutation,  Representa- 
tive; stand  in  the  way  of,  Obstruction-Help; 
stand  no  nonsense,  Determination-Vacillation; 
stand  of  arms,  Weapon;  stand  off,  Approach-With- 
drawal; stand  on,  Suspension-Support;  stand  one 
in,  Price-Discount;  stand  one  in  good  stead,  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness;  stand  one's  ground,  Conser- 
vation, Reprisal -Resistance;  stand  on  one's 
rights,  Liberty-Subjection;  stand  out,  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Convexity-Concavity,  Reprisal-Re- 
sistance, Visibility-Invisibility;  stand  over, 
Earliness-Lateness;  stand  still,  Difficulty-Fa- 
cility, Movement-Rest,  Mutation-Permanence; 
stand  the  brunt,  Attack-Defense;  stand  the  hazard 
of  the  die,  Purpose-Luck;  stand  the  proof,  Good- 
ness-Badness; stand  the  test,  Goodness-Badness, 
Truth-Error;  stand  to  one's  engagement,  Ob- 
servance-Nonobservance;  stand  to  reason,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Dueness-Undueness,  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency, Proof-Disproof;  stand  up,  Eleva- 
tion-Depression, Erectness-Flatness;  stand  well 
in  the  opinion  of,  Approval-Disapproval;  take  one's 
stand,  Determination-Vacillation,  Dueness-Un- 
dueness, Reprisal-Resistance;  take  one's  stand 
upon,  Assertion -Denial,  Pretext,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct. 

stand'-ard.  Serving  as  a  model.  Copy -Model, 
Faultlessness  -  Faultiness,  Goodness  -  Badness, 
Mensuration,  Quantity-Measure,  Sign,  Uni- 
formity-Multiformity. 

stand'-ard-bear"-er.  One  who  carries  the  flag  or 
ensign ;  the  leader.     Belligerent. 

stand'-ing.  Relative  position;  station;  permanent. 
Belligerent,  Condition-Situation,  Lastingness- 
Transientness,     Mutation -Permanence,     Posi- 


STANDING. 


1005 


STATION. 


tion.  Quantity-Measure,  Reputation-Discredit; 
standing  army,  Belligerent;  standing  committee, 
President-Member;  standing  dish,  Mutation- 
Permanence,  Uniformity-Multiformity;  stand- 
ing jest,  Wittiness-Dulness;  standing  order, 
Habit-Desuetude,  Law-Lawlessness;  standing 
water,  Gulf-Plain. 

stand'-point" .     A  point  of  view.     Position. 

St.  An'-drew.  Patron  saint  of  Scotland.  Patriotism- 
Treason. 

stani-still.     Halt.     Mutation-Permanence. 

stani  up.  To  be  upright.  Elevation-Depression, 
Erectness-Flatness;  stand  up  against,  Reprisal- 
Resistance;  stand-up  fight,  Strife-Peace;  stand 
up  for,  Approval-Disapproval,  Justification- 
Charge. 

stan'-na-ry  court.  Courts  for  administering  justice 
among  the  tinners.     Tribunal. 

stan'-za.  A  group  of  rimed  lines.  Poetry-Prose, 
Rhetoric. 

sta'-ple.  A  metal  fastening;  a  principal  commodity; 
a  mart.  Connective,  Exchange,  Market,  Mate- 
rials, Texture,  Whole-Part;  staple  commodity, 
Merchandise. 

star.  One  of  the  minor  luminous  heavenly  bodies;  a 
star-shaped  ornament  of  honor;  a  person  of  brilliant 
qualities.  Acting, Astronomy,  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement, Gentility-Commonalty,  Luminary- 
Shade,  Reputation-Discredit,  Title,  Volition- 
Obligation;  star  in  the  ascendant,  Success-Fail- 
ure, Welfare-Misfortune;  star  it,  Acting,  Pomp, 
Reputation-Discredit;  star  of  fashion,  Society- 
Ludicrousness;  star-spangled  banner,  Patriotism- 
Treason. 

star'-board.  The  right  side  of  a  vessel  facing  the  b»w. 
Right-Left. 

starch.  A  granular  substance  used  for  stiffening  cloth; 
prim;  precise.  Hardness-Softness,  Selfrespect- 
Humbleness,  Society- Affectation,  Viscidity- 
Foam. 

star' cham"-ber.     An  ancient  high  court.     Tribunal. 

starched.     Farinaceous.     Pomp. 

starch'-ed-ness.     Stiffness.     Solemnization. 

stare.  A  steady,  fixed  gaze.  Astonishment-Expec- 
tance, Inquisitiveness-Indifference,  Sight- 
Blindness;  death  stares  one  in  the  face,  Life- 
Death;  make  one  stare,  Astonishment-Expec- 
tance; stare  one  in  the  face,  Manifestation-La- 
tency, Occurrence-Destiny;  stare  out  of  counte- 
nance, Politeness-Impoliteness,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

stare  super  anliquas  vias  [L.]  (ste'-ri  siu'-per  an-ti'-quas 
vai'-as).  To  stand  above  the  old  ways.  Action- 
Passiveness,  Conservation,  Discontinuance-Con- 
tinuance, Habit-Desuetude. 

star'-ga"-zer.  A  man  who  gazes  at  the  stars.  Uni- 
verse. 

star'-ga"-zing.  The  act  of  attentively  observing  the 
stars;   abstraction.     Universe. 

star'-ing.  Gazing  with  fixed  attention.  Visibility- 
Invisibility. 

stark.  Stiff;  stubborn;  completely.  Entirety-De- 
ficiency, Hardness-Softness,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness. 

stark"-star'-ing.  With  wide  open  eyes.  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Manifestation-Latency. 

star'-light".  The  light  given  by  the  stars.  Light- 
Darkness. 

star'-like".     Resembling   a   star.     Sharpness-Blunt- 

NESS. 

star'-ry.     Set  with  stars ;  lighted  by  stars.     Universe. 

stars.  Celestial  bodies.  Universe;  bless  one's  stars, 
Thankfulness-Thanklessness;  stars  and  stripes, 
Sign;  stars  in  the  firmament,  Multiplicity-Paucity. 


start.  To  move  suddenly;  to  begin;  a  setting  out. 
Arrival-Departure,  Astonishment-Expectation, 
Beginning-End,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Ex- 
pectation-Surprise, Hypothesis,  Impetus-Reac- 
tion, Occurrence-Destiny,  Proffer-Refusal, 
Push-Pull,  Revolution,  Sanguineness-Timidity, 
Spring-Dive;  get  the  start,  Leading-Following, 
Success-Failure;  give  a  start  to,  Impetus-Reac- 
tion; have  the  start,  Antecedence-Sequence, 
Earliness-Lateness,  Leading-Following;  start 
a  doubt,  Faith-Misgiving;  start  afresh,  Beginning- 
End;  start  a  question,  Investigation-Answer; 
start  game,  Quest-Evasion;  start  off,  Arrival- 
Departure;  start  up,  Ascent-Descent,  Lamina- 
Fiber,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

start'-ing.  Setting  out.  Starting-hole,  Pretext; 
starting-point,  Arrival -Departure,  Beginning- 
End,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

start'-le.  To  alarm;  to  arouse  suddenly.  Astonish- 
ment-Expectation, Excitation,  Expectation- 
Surprise,  Faith-Misgiving,  Sanguineness-Timid- 
ity. 

start'-ling.  Causing  to  start.  Expectation-Sur- 
prise. 

start'-lish.  Easily  startled.  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility. 

starts.  Sudden  quick  and  startled  movements.  By 
fits  and  starts,  Persistence-Whim. 

star- va'- tion.  The  act  of  starving  or  of  being  starved. 
Excess-Lack,  Fasting-Gluttony. 

starve.  To  perish  with  cold  or  hunger.  Affluence- 
Penury,  Extravagance -Avarice,  Fasting-Glut- 
tony, Heat-Cold,  Heating-Cooling. 

starved.  Reduced  to  a  state  of  extreme  hunger. 
Breadth-Narrowness,  Excess-Lack,  Fasting- 
Gluttony,  Heat-Cold. 

starve'-ling.  A  person  or  animal  that  is  starved. 
Affluence-Penury,  Breadth-Narrowness,  Ex- 
cess-Lack. 

state.  Condition  of  a  being  at  any  given  time;  rank; 
quality;  a  body  politic.  Assertion-Denial,  Con- 
dition-Situation, Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Hu- 
manity, Pomp,  Property,  Rule-License,  Univer- 
sality-Particularity; robes  of  state,  Scepter; 
secretary  of  state,  Manager;  state  of  affairs,  Occur- 
rence-Destiny; state  of  facts,  Account,  Litiga- 
tion; state  of  siege,  Fighting-Conciliation;  state 
paper,  Mark -Obliteration;  stateroom,  Contents- 
Receiver. 

state'-craft".  The  art  of  conducting  state  affairs. 
Management. 

sta'-ted  per'-i-ods.  Fixed  or  appointed  times.  At 
stated  periods,  Periodicity-Irregularity,  Pomp, 
Regularity-Irregularity. 

state'-li-ness.     Dignity.     Reputation-Discredit. 

state'-ly.  Lofty;  dignified.  Pomp,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit, Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

state'-ment.  The  act  of  stating.  Account,  Asser- 
tion-Denial, Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

state'-mon"-ger.  One  versed  in  politics.  Mana- 
ger. 

States'  Gen'-er-al.     A  political  assembly.     Council. 

states'-man.  A  political  leader  of  distinguished  ability. 
Manager. 

states'-man-like" .  Resembling  a  statesman.  Skill- 
Unskilfulness. 

states'-man-ship.  The  qualifications,  duties,  or  em- 
ployments of  a  statesman.  Conduct,  Manage- 
ment. 

A  branch  of  mechanics,  treating  of  bodies 
Heaviness-Lightness,  Strength-Weak- 


stat'-ics. 
at  rest 

NESS. 

sta'-tion. 
assigned 


A     place 
office. 


where    anything    stands;      post 
Establishment-Removal,   Ex- 


STATION. 


1000 


STEAMING. 


tension -Place,    Position,     Quantity -Measure, 
Release-Prison,  Reputation-Discredit,  Station. 

STATION. 

Degree.  The  point  or  step  of  progression  to  which  a  person  has 
arrived.     Quantity-Measure. 

Footing.     Established  position. 

Grade.  A  step  or  degree  in  any  series,  rank,  or  order;  relative  posi- 
tion. 

Link.    A  division  of  a  chain  in  land-measuring  used  to  mark  position. 

Mark.     A  sign  to  mark  position. 

Pas  [F.J.     A  step;  a  pace  used  to  define  the  position  of  an  object. 

Peg.     A  small  pointed  piece  of  wood  used  to  mark  position. 

Period.     A  limit;  abound;  an  end. 

Pitch.     Technically,  the  distance  between  two  points. 

Place.     A  particular  point  or  position;  position  in  life. 

Point.     A  particular  place  or  position. 

Position.     The  situation  in  which  a  thing  is  placed. 

Range.     The  area  over  which  anything  moves. 

Rank.     Relative  position  or  degree. 

Remove.     The  space  through  which  anything  is  removed. 

Round  of  the  ladder.      Figurative  for  position  in  life. 

Scale.  A  system  of  notation  in  which  the  successive  places  deter- 
mine the  value  of  figures 

Stage.     A  definite  position  in  a  development. 

Stand.     Position;  place. 

Standing.     Relati  ve  position. 

Station.     Social  position;  the  spot  or  place  where  anything  stands. 

Status  [L.].     Relative  position  or  rank. 

Step.     An  advance  position. 

Term,     A  dividing  mark  of  position. 

Station — Verbs. 
Fall  into  a  place.  "| 

TT  Id  a    1      '  f  ^°  ^e  *n  a  certa*n  rank  or  position.     See  Nouns. 

Occupy  a  place.    J 

sta'-tion-a-ry.  Remaining  in  one  place  or  position. 
Movement-Rest,  Mutation-Permanence. 

sta'-tion-er"-y.  Writing  materials.  Writing-Print- 
ing. 

sta'-tion-house".  The  district  headquarters  of  police 
and  place  of  confinement.     Release-Prison. 

sta'-tist.     A  statistician.     Manager. 

sta-tis'-tic-al.     Relating  to  statistics.     Numbering. 

sta-tis'-tics.  Systematized  numerical  facts  collectively. 
Mark-Obliteration,  Numbering,  Outlay-Income, 
Record. 

statu  pupillari,in  [L.]  (stet'-yu  piu-pil-ld'-ri,  in).  In 
infancy.     Infancy-Age. 

statu  quo,  in  [L.]  (ste-tiu  quo,  in).  In  the  former 
state.  Mutation-Permanence,  Renovation-Re- 
lapse. 

statu  quo  ante  helium,  in  [L.]  (ste-tiu  quo  an'-ti  bel'- 
lum  ).  As  it  was  before  the  war.  Mutation-Per- 
manence. 

stat'-u-a-ry.  Art  of  carving  statues;  a  maker,  also  a 
collection  of  statues.     Artist,  Sculpture. 

stat'-ue.  A  plastic  work  representing  a  human  or  ani- 
mal figure.  Artist,  Delineation -Caricature; 
still  as  a  statue,  Movement-Rest. 

•tat"-u-ette\  A  small  statue.  Delineation-Carica- 
ture. 

stat'-ure.  The  natural  height  of  an  animal  body. 
Height- Lowness. 

sta'-tus.  Relative  position  or  rank.  Condition- 
Situation,  Position,  Reputation-Discredit. 

stat'-u-ta-ble.  Relating  to  a  statute.  Law-Lawless- 
ness. 

stat'-ute.  A  law;  an  edict;  legal.  Law-Lawless- 
ness, Precept;  statute  law,  Law-Lawlessness; 
statute  mile,  Quantity-Measure. 

Btat'-u-to-ry.  Relating  to  a  statute.  Law-Lawless- 
ness. 

staunch.  Strong  and  firm;  sound;  hearty.  De- 
termination -  Vacillation.        Health  -  Sickness, 


Renovation-Relapse,    Uprightness-Dishonesty; 
staunch  belief,  Faith-Misgiving. 

stave.  A  part  of  a  psalm  as  sung  in  churches;  toward 
off,  as  with  a  staff.  Melody-Dissonance,  Music, 
Strife-Peace;  stave  in,  Aperture-Closure,  Con- 
vexity-Concavity; stave  off,  Earliness-Latenesb, 
Obstruction-Help. 

stay.  To  remain;  to  stop;  to  check.  Discontinu- 
ance-Continuance, Earliness-Lateness,  Move- 
ment-Rest, Mutation-Permanence,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Presence-Absence,  Suspension-Support; 
stay  at  home,  Sociability-Privacy;  stay  away, 
Presence-Absence;  stay  one's  hand,  Discontin- 
uance-Continuance, Quest-Abandonment,  Toil- 
Relaxation. 

stayed.  Staid;  settled;  sober.  Excitability-Inex- 
citability,  Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Saga- 
city-Incapacity. 

stays.     An  old  form  of  corsets.     Dress-Undress. 

St.  Da'-vid.  Patron  saint  of  Wales.  Patriotism- 
Treason. 

stead.  Place  or  room;  turn.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance; in  the  stead  of,  Commission-Abroga- 
tion, Commutation-Permutation,  Representa- 
tive; stand  one  in  good  stead,  Usefulness-Useless- 
ness. 

stead'-fast.  Constant.  Determination- Whim, 

Strength-Weakness;    steadfast  belief,  Faith-Mis- 
giving; steadfast  thought,  Heed-Disregard. 

stead'-i-ness.  Stability  in  position.  Determination- 
Vacillation. 

stead'-y.  Stable  in  position ;  constant  in  mind  or  con- 
duct. Determination- Vacillation.  Mutability- 
Stability,  Periodicity-Irregularity,  Persist- 
ence-Whim,  Recklessness-Caution,  Uniformity- 
Multiformity. 

Eteak.     A  slice  of  meat.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

steal.  To  take  unlawfully  and  secretly.  Taking-Res- 
titution, Theft;  steal  along,  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy, Swiftness-Slowness;  steal  a  march,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Antecedence-Sequence,  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Earliness-Lateness,  Leading-Fol- 
lowing, Transcursion-Shortcoming,  Truthfcl- 
ness-Fraud;  steal  away,  Quest-Evasion;  steal  on 
the  ear,  Loudness-Faintness;  steal  upon  one,  Ex- 
pectation-Surprise. 

steal'-ing.  The  act  of  taking  secretly  and  unlawfully. 
Gain-Loss,  Theft. 

stealth.  A  secret  or  clandestine  act.  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy; do  good  by  stealth,  Conceit-Diffi- 
dence. 

stealth'-i-ly.  In  a  concealed  manner.  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy. 

stealth'-i-ness.  A  stealing  away.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 

stealth'-y.  Moving  or  acting  secretly  or  slyly.  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Enlightenment -Secrecy,  Reck- 
lessness-Caution. 

steam.  The  elastic  vapor  of  boiling  water;  an  exhala- 
tion. Liquefaction-Volatilization,  Liquid,  Trav- 
eling-Navigation, Viscidity-Foam;  get  the  steam 
up,  Excitation,  Preparation-Nonpreparation; 
steam  up,  Vigor-Inertia;  under  sail  and  steam, 
Swiftness-Slowness;  under  steam,  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

steam'-boat".  A  boat  propelled  by  steam.  Convey- 
ance-Vessel. 

steam'-en"-gine.  An  engine  that  derives  its  motive 
force  from  the  action  of  steam.  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion; steam-engine  to  crack  a  nut,  Excess-Lack, 
Provision-Waste,  Use-Misuse. 

steam'-er.     A  steamship.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

steam'-ing.  Making  steam.  Liquefaction-Volatili- 
zation. 


STEAM-ROLLER. 


1007 


STICK. 


steam'-rol"-ler.  A  roller  propelled  by  steam.  Trav- 
eling-Navigation. 

steam'-ship".  A  ship  propelled  by  steam.  Convey- 
ance-Vessel. 

ste'-ar-in.     The  harder  ingredient  of  animal  fat.     Pul- 

PINESS-OlLINESS. 

steed.     Ahorse.     Conveyer. 

steel.  Iron  combined  with  a  small  portion  of 
manganese.  Chemistry,  Hardness -Softness, 
Sensitiveness  -  Apathy,  Sharpness  -  Bluntness, 
Strength-Weakness,  Weapon;  steel  oneself,  De- 
termination-Vacillation ;  steel  plate,  Engraving  ; 
steel  the  heart,  Repentance-Obduracy. 

steeled  a-gainst'.  Hardened  against.  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation, Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

steel'-en-grav'-ing.  Engraving  done  on  a  steel  plate. 
Engraving. 

steel'-yard.     A  device  for  weighing. 

steep.  To  soak  in  a  liquid;  greatly  inclined.  Par- 
allelism-Inclination, Water-Air. 

steeped  in.  Imbued  with.  Steeped  in  iniquity,  Vir- 
tue-Vice; steeped  in  misery,  Pleasure-Pain. 

stee'-ple.  A  spire.  Architecture,  Height-Lowness, 
Sharpness-Bluntness. 

stee'-ple-chase" .  A  race  on  horseback  across  country. 
Quest-Evasion,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

steep'-ness.     Sharpness.     Parallelism-Inclination. 

steeps.     Hills.     Height-Lowness. 

steer.  To  direct;  to  guide.  Management;  steer 
clear,  Aim-Aberration,  Quest-Evasion;  steer  for, 
Aim-Aberration;  steer  one's  course,  Conduct. 

steer'-age.  Pilotage.  Aim-Aberration,  Manage- 
ment. 

steer'-ing.    Directing.    Aim-Aberration. 

steers'-man.  One  who  steers.  Manager,  Wayfarer- 
Seafarer. 

steers'-mate" .     A  man  who  steers.     Manager. 

steg"-a-nog'-ra-phy.  The  art  of  writing  in  cipher. 
Clearness  -  Obscurity,  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Writing-Printing. 

stel'-lar.     Of  or  pertaining  to  the  stars.     Universe. 

stel'-la"-ted.  Resembling  a  star.  Sharpness-Blunt- 
ness. 

stel'-li-form.     Star-shaped.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

ste-log'-ra-phy.  The  art  of  writing  or  inscribing  char- 
acters on  pillars.     Writing-Printing. 

stem.  The  principal  body  of  a  tree  or  plant ;  the  stock 
of  a  family;  the  forward  part  of  a  vessel.  Antag- 
onism-Concurrence, Anteriority-Posteriority, 
Cause-Effect,  Parentage-Progeny  ;  stem  the  tide, 
Antagonism-Concurrence,  Discontinuance-Con- 
tinuance, Reprisal-Resistance,  Success-Fail- 
ure; stem  the  torrent,  Reprisal-Resistance,  Suc- 
cess-Failure ;  stem  to  stern,  Length-Shortness. 

stench.     A  foul  smell.     Perfume-Stench. 

sten'-cil.  A  metal  plate  used  in  marking  letters  or  pat- 
terns.    Painting. 

sten-og'-ra-phy.  The  art  of  writing  in  shorthand. 
Writing-Printing. 

Sten'-tor.  A  person  of  powerful  voice.  Cry-Ulula- 
tion,  Loudness-Faintness. 

sten-to'-ri-an.  Extremely  loud.  Cry-  Ululation, 
Loudness-Faintness. 

step.  A  pace;  a  stair;  a  small  space;  progression. 
Action-Passiveness,  Design,  Mensuration,  Move- 
ment-Rest, Station,  Suspension-Support,  Trav- 
eling-Navigation; but  a  step,  Remoteness-Near- 
ness; dance  the  back-step,  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion; not  stir  a  step,  Movement-Rest;  step  by  step, 
Continuity  -  Interruption,  Quantity  -  Measure, 
Regularity-Irregularity,  Swiftness-Slowness; 
step  forward,  Advance-Retrogression;  step  in, 
Mediation;  step  in  the  right  direction,  Usefulness- 
Uselessness;    step  into,  Gain-Loss;    step  into  the 


shoes  of,  Antecedence-Sequence,  Commutation* 
Permutation,  Gain-Loss.  Precedence-Succes- 
sion; step  of  time,  Period-Progress;  step  on,  Sus- 
pension-Support; step  short,  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness; take  a  decisive  step,  Choice-Neutrality,  De- 
termination-Vacillation. 

steppe.     A  vast  plain  devoid  of  forest.     Gulf-Plain. 

step'-ping-stone".  A  stone  affording  a  foot-rest ;  any- 
thing by  means  of  which  one  advances.  Connec- 
tive, Instrumentality,  Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration,  Refuge-Pitfall. 

steps.  Paces;  stairs.  Way;  find  one's  steps,  Aim- 
Aberration,  Quest-Evasion,  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion; flight  of  steps,  Ascent-Descent;  retrace  one's 
steps,  Advance-Retrogression;  take  steps,  Con- 
duct, Design,  Preparation-Nonpreparation- 
tread  in  the  steps  of,  Imitation-Originality,  Lead- 
ing-Following. 

ster"-co-ra'-ceous.    Of  or  pertaining  to  dung.    Clean- 

NESS-FlLTHINESS. 

ster"-e-og'-ra-phy.     Perspective.     Writing-Printing. 

ster"-e-om'-e-try.  The  art  of  measuring  and  com- 
puting the  cubical  contents  of  bodies  and  figures. 
Mensuration. 

ster'-e-o-scope.  An  optical  instrument.  Optical  In- 
struments. 

ster"-e-c-scop'-ic .     Of  or  pertaining  to  a  stereoscope. 

ster'-e-o-type.  A  plate  of  type-metal,  resembling  the 
surface  of  a  page  of  type.  Engraving,  Sign,  Writ- 
ing-Printing. 

ster'-e-o-typed.  Formed  into  or  printed  from  stereo- 
type plates.     Habit-Desuetude. 

ster'-ile.     Barren.     Fertility-Sterility. 

ste-ril'-i-ty.     Barrenness.     Fertility-Sterility. 

ster"-il-i-za'-tion.     Process  of  sterilizing.     Biology. 

ster'-ling.  Of  standard  weight  or  quality;  genuine; 
pure.  Truth-Error,  Virtue-Vice;  sterling  coin, 
Money. 

stern.  Severe;  harsh.  Anteriority-Posteriority, 
Harshness,  Sociability-Privacy;  stern  necessity, 
Truth-Error,  Volition-Obligation. 

stern'-most.  Farthest  in  the  rear.  Anteriority- 
Posteriority. 

stern'-ness.     Severity.     Politeness-Impoliteness. 

ster"-nu-ta'-tion.  The  act  of  sneezing.  Resonance- 
Nonresonance,  River-Wind. 

stern'-way".  Backward  motion  of  a  vessel.  Travel- 
ing-Navigation. 

ster'-tor-ous.  Hoarsely  breathing;  snoring.  Vocal- 
ization-Muteness. 

steth'-o-scope.  An  apparatus  of  auscultation.  Rem- 
edy-Bane. 

stet  pro  ratione  voluntas  [L.]  (stet  pro  rA-shi-o'-ni  vol-un'- 
tas) .  The  wish  stands  for  the  thought.  Volition- 
Obligation. 

ste'-ve-dore".  One  whose  business  is  that  of  stowing 
or  unloading  the  hold  of  vessels.  Traveling-Navi- 
gation. 

stew.  To  boil  slowly  and  gently;  stewed  food;  mental 
agitation.  Difficulty-Facility,  Emotion,  Exci- 
tability-Inexcitability,  Heat-Cold,  Heating- 
Cooling,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Pleasure-Pain, 
Purity-Impurity;  in  a  stew,  Favorite-Anger. 

stew'-ard.  A  person  in  charge  of  an  establishment. 
Manager,  Treasurer. 

stew'-ard-ship.  The  office  of  a  steward.  Conduct, 
Management. 

stew'-pan".  A  pan  used  for  stewing.  Oven-Refrig- 
erator. 

St.  George.  Patron  saint  of  England.  Patriotism- 
Treason. 

stich'-c-man"-cy.  Divinations  from  lines  taken  at  haz- 
ard from  books.      Prophecy. 

stick.     A  small  shoot  of  a  tree;  a  rod;  to  cling;  to  stop. 


STICK. 


1008 


STOCCADO. 


Adept-Bungler.  Aperture-Closure,  Cohesion- 
Looseness,  Discontinuance-Continuance,  Move- 
ment-Rest, Sage-Fool,  Scourge,  Suspension-Sup- 
port, Weapon;  dirty  end  of  the  stick,  Skill-Unskil- 
fulness;  give  the  stick  to,  Exculpation-Punition; 
stick  at,  Faith-Misgiving,  Readiness-Reluctance; 
stick  at  nothing,  Activity-Indolence,  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation, Difficulty-Facility,  Reck- 
lessness-Caution; stick  fast,  Difficulty-Facility, 
Movement-Rest,  Mutability-Stability;  stick  in, 
Injection-Ejection;  stick  in  one's  gizzard,  Favor- 
ite-Anger, Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  stick 
in  the  mud,  Success-Failure,  Transcursion- 
Shortcoming;  stick  in  the  throat,  Desire-Distaste, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Talkativeness- 
Taciturnity,  Vocalization-Muteness;  stick  law, 
Exculpation-Punition;  stick  out,  Convexity-Con- 
cavity; stick  to,  Determination-Vacillation,  Dis- 
continuance -Continuance,  Toil -Relaxation; 
stick  up,  Elevation-Depression,  Erectness-Flat- 
ness;  stick  up  for,  Approval-Disapproval,  Justifi- 
cation-Charge, Obstruction-Help. 

8tick'-i-ness.  Adhesion.  Cohesion-Looseness,  Vis- 
cidity-Foam. 

stick'-ing.     Adhering.     Cohesion-Looseness. 

stick'-le.  To  contend  about  trifling  matters.  Bigot- 
ry-Apostasy, Exchange,  Readiness-Reluctance; 
stickle  for,  Exchange,  Strife-Peace. 

stick'-ler.  One  who  stickles.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Harshness-Mildness. 

stick'-y.  Adhesive.  Cohesion-Looseness,  Viscidity- 
Foam. 

stiff.  Rigid;  obstinate;  severe.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Hardness-Softness,  Harshness-Mildness,  Pomp, 
Purity-Crudeness,  Release-Restraint,  Selfre- 
spect- Humbleness,  Society- Affectation;  stiff 
hreeze,  River-Wind. 

stiff'-en.  To  make  or  become  stiff  or  stiffer.  Hard- 
ness-Softness. 

stiff  '-head'-ed.     Obstinate.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

stiff'-heart"-ed.     Stubborn.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

stiff '-necked.  Stubborn.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Self- 
respect-Humbleness. 

stiff'-ness.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  stiff.  Muta- 
bility-Stability, Purity-Crudeness,  Society-Af- 
fectation. 

sti'-fie.  To  smother;  to  conceal.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Life-Killing,  Sound-Silence. 

sti'-fled.     Smothered.     Loudness-Faintness. 

sti'-fling.     Suffocating.     Heat-Cold. 

stig'-ma.    A  mark  of  infamy.     Reputation-Discredit. 

stig'-ma-tize.  To  mark  with  a  stigma.  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Justification-Charge,  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

stile.  A  set  of  steps  for  passing  a  fence.  Obstruc- 
tion-Help, Way;  help  a  lame  dog  over  a  stile,  Ob- 
struction-Help. 

sti-let'-to.  A  small  dagger.  Perforator-Stopper, 
Weapon. 

still.  Silent;  inert;  a  distillery.  Compensation, 
Liquefaction- Volatilization,  Movement-Rest, 
Oven -Refrigerator,     Sound -Silence,     Turbu- 

j  lence-Calmness;  in  still  water,  Variance-Accord; 
still-born,  Life-Death,  Success-Failure;  still  less, 
Evidence-Counterevidence;  still  life,  Material- 
ity-Spirituality, Painting. 

still'-hunt".  To  pursue  noiselessly.  Quest-Eva- 
sion. 

stil"-li-cid'-i-ous.     Falling  in  drops.     River-Wind. 

stil"-li-cid'-i-um.  The  flow  of  urine  drop  by  drop. 
River- Wind. 

still'-ness.     Quiet.     Movement-Rest,  Sound-Silence. 

still'-y.     Soft.     Sound-Silence. 

-Btilt'-ed.     Artificially  elevated  in  manner.     Bragging, 


Elevation  -  Depression,  Simplicity  -  Floridness, 
Society- Affectation,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

stilts.  Wooden  bars  devised  to  raise  the  foot  above  the 
ground  in  walking.  Suspension-Support;  on  stilts, 
Bragging,  Elevation-Depression,  Gull-Hyper- 
bole, Parallelism,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

stim'-u-late .  To  animate.  Excitation,  Motive-Ca- 
price, Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud, Turbulence-Calmness,  Vigor-Iner- 
tia. 

stim'-u-lus.     An  incentive.     Motive-Caprice. 

sting.  To  affect  with  a  sharp  sensation,  as  if  from  a 
sting.  Excitation,  Favorite-Anger,  Pleasura- 
bleness-Painfulness, Remedy-Bane,  Sensuality- 
Suffering,  TlNGLING-NuMBNESS. 

stin'-gi-ness.  Niggardliness.   Extravagance-Avarice. 

sting'-ing.  Piercing;  pungent.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Pungency. 

stin'-go.     Strong  liquor.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

stin'-gy.  Niggardly.  Excess-Lack,  Extravagance- 
Avarice. 

stink.  Foul  odor.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Per- 
fume-Stench; stink  in  the  nostrils,  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Love-Hate,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness. 

stink'-ing.     Having  a  foul  odor.     Perfume-Stench. 

stink'-pot".  A  pot  containing  something  that  stinks; 
the  musk-turtle.     Perfume-Stench. 

stint.  Proportion  allotted.  Boundary,  Excess-Lack, 
Extravagance-Avarice,    Quantity-Measure. 

stint'-ed.     Restrained.     Excess-Lack. 

stint'-less.     Without  limit.     Enough. 

sti'-pend.     Salary.     Recompense-Penalty. 

sti-pen'-di-a-ry .  Receiving  a  stipend ;  one  who  receives 
a  stipend.  Giving-Receiving,  Liberty-Subjec- 
tion. 

stip'-ple.  A  method  of  engraving  or  painting.  En- 
graving, Painting,  Variegation;  stipple  engrav- 
ing, Engraving. 

stip'-u-late.  To  particularize.  Contract,  Terms; 
stipulate  for,  Strife-Peace. 

stip"-u-la'-tion.  An  agreement.  Engagement-Re- 
lease, Terms. 

stir.  To  move;  agitation.  Activity-Indolence,  Agi- 
tation, Excitation,  Movement-Rest,  Vigor- 
Inertia;  make  a  stir,  Activity-Indolence,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance ;  stir  about,  Activity-Indo- 
lence; stir  a  question,  Investigation-Answer,  Ra- 
tiocination-Instinct; stir  one's  stumps,  Activity- 
Indolence,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Traveling-Nav- 
igation; stir  the  blood,  Excitation,  Favorite-An- 
ger; stir  the  feelings,  Excitation;  stir  the  fire, 
Heating-Cooling;  stir  up,  Excitation,  Mixture- 
Homogeneity,  Turbulence-Calmness;  stir  up  dis- 
sension, Variance-Accord. 

stirps.  A  race;  family.  Cause-Effect,  Parentage- 
Progeny,  Relationship. 

stir'-ring.  Active.  Activity-Indolence,  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Occurrence-Destiny; 
stirring  news,  Tidings-Mystery. 

stir'-rup.  A  kind  of  ring,  for  supporting  a  horseman's 
foot.  Suspension-Support;  with  a  foot  in  the  stir- 
rup, Arrival-Departure. 

stir'-rup-cup" .  A  parting  cup  taken  after  mounting. 
Arrival-Departure. 

stir'-rups.     A  ring  for  support.     Suspension-Support. 

stitch.  To  sew  or  unite  together;  a  sharp  pain.  Ac- 
tion-Passiveness,  Sensuality-Suffering,  Union- 
Disunion;  stitch  in  time,  Earliness-Lateness; 
stitch  of  work,  Toil-Relaxation. 

stive.     To  cram;  stifle.     Heating-Cooling. 

sti'-ver.     A  small  Dutch  coin.     Money. 

stoat.     The  ermine.     Perfume-Stench. 

stooca'-do.     A  stab.     Reprisal-Resistance. 


STOCK. 


1009 


STORE. 


stock.  Stem;  race;  a  cravat;  supply;  standard;  capital. 
Cause-Effect,  Consanguinity,  Dress-Undress, 
Habit-Desuetude,  Labor-Capital,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Materials,  Merchandise,  Money, 
Parentage -Progeny,  Property,  Provision- 
Waste,  Quantity-Measure,  Sage-Fool,  Store; 
in  stock,  Holding-Exemption;  laughing-stock,  So- 
ciety-Laughingstock; lay  in  a  stock,  Provi- 
sion-Waste; stock  exchange,  Labor-Capital;  stock 
in  trade,  Merchandise,  Property,  Readiness-Re- 
luctance, Store;  stock-still,  Movement -Rest; 
stock  with,  Provision -Waste;  take  stock,  Ac- 
counts, Heed-Disregard. 

stock-ade'.     A  fortifying  fence.     Attack-Defense. 

stocked.     Supplied.     Well  stocked,  Enough. 

stock'  ing.  A  covering  for  the  foot  and  leg.  Dress- 
Undress. 

stock'-job"-bing.     Speculating  in  stocks.     Exchange. 

stocks.  An  apparatus  formerly  used  for  holding  and 
punishing  petty  criminals.  Recompense-Scourge, 
Release-Prison,  Treasury;  on  the  stocks,  Occu- 
pation, Preparation-Nonpreparation;  stocks  and 
stones,  Materiality-Spirituality,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

sto'-ic-al.  Impassive.  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

sto'-i-cism.  Stoical  indifference  to  pleasure  or  pain. 
Excitability-Inexcitability,  Moderation-Self- 
indulgence,  Sensitiveness-Apathy,  Unselfish- 
ness. 

Sto'-ker.  One  who  tends  an  engine  fire.  Wayfarer- 
Seafarer. 

Stole.    An  ecclesiastical  vestment.    Vestments. 

sto'-len.  Taken  by  stealth.  Theft;  stolen  away,  Es- 
cape; stolen  goods,  Plunder.  . 

stol'-id.  Dull  or  stupid.  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Witti- 
ness-Dulness. 

sto-lid'-i-ty.    Impassibility.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

stom'-ach.  The  principal  organ  of  digestion;  appetite; 
desire.  Contents-Receiver,    Desire-Distaste, 

Excitability-Inexcitability,  Savor-Tasteless- 
ness;  not  have  the  stomach  to,  Readiness-Reluc- 
tance; stomach  of  an  ostrich,  Fasting-Gluttony; 
turn  the  stomach,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

stom'-ach-er.  An  ornament  or  support  to  the  breast. 
Dress-Undress. 

stone.  A  mass  of  hard  mineral  matter;  a  gem;  English 
legal  weight  of  14  pounds;  to  pelt  or  kill  with  stones. 
Attack-Defense,  Engraving,  Exculpation-Puni- 
tion,  Hardness-Softness,  Heaviness-Lightness, 
Life-Funeral,  Life-Killing,  Materials,  Meas- 
sure,  Solidity-Rarity,  Weapon;  cast  the  first 
stone  at,  Justification-Charge;  corner-stone,  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance; heart  of  stone,  Chari- 
tableness-Malevolence, Sensitiveness-Apathy; 
keystone,  Consequence-Insignificance;  mark  with 
a  white  stone,  Consequence -Insignificance; 
musical  stones,  Musical  Instruments;  no  stone  un- 
turned, Investigation-Answer,  Toil-Relaxation; 
philosopher's  stone,  Might-Impotence,  Remedy- 
Bane;  precious  stone,  Goodness-Badness;  stepping- 
stone,  Way;  stone  of  Sisyphus,  Usefulness-Use- 
lessness;  throw  a  stone  at,  Approval-Disapproval, 
Justification  -Charge,  Reprisal-  Resistance  ; 
throw  a  stone  in  one's  own  garden,  Reprisal-Re- 
sistance, Skill-Unskilfulness;  throw  stones  at, 
Attack-Defense,  Charitableness-Malevolence  ; 
tombstone,  Life-Funeral. 

stone'-blind" .     Totally  blind.     Sight-Blindness. 

stone'-col"-ored.     Bluish  gray.    Gray-Brown. 

stone'-deaf" .     Completely  deaf .    Hearing-Deafness. 

Stone's  throw.  The  distance  a  stone  may  be  thrown  by 
hand.     Remoteness-Nearness. 

stone'-ware.  A  variety  of  pottery.  Heating-Cooling. 
64 


sto'-ny.     Abounding  in  stone.    Hardness-Softness. 

sto'-ny-heart"-ed.  Hard-hearted;  unfeeling.  Chari- 
tableness-Malevolence, Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

stool.  A  seat.  Suspension-Support;  between  two 
stools,  Difficulty-Facility,  Success-Failure; 
stool  of  repentance,  Repentance-Obduracy. 

stoop.  To  lean;  to  condescend.  Ascent-Descent, 
Elevation  -  Depression,  Parallelism  -  Inclina- 
tion, Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Selfrespect- 
Humbleness,  Uprightness-Dishonesty;  stoop  to 
conquer,  Craft-Artlessness,  Selfrespect-Hum- 
bleness,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

stop.  To  obstruct;  to  stay;  to  bring  from  motion  to 
rest.  Action-Passiveness,  Aperture-Closure, 
Beginning  -  End,  Consequence  -  Insignificance, 
Discontinuance -Continuance,  Leave -Prohibi- 
tion, Movement-Rest,  Obstruction-Help,  Sound- 
Silence;  put  a  stop  to,  Discontinuance-Continu- 
ance, Obstruction-Help;  stop  a  flow,  River- 
Wind;  stop  a  gap,  Renovation-Relapse;  stop  pay- 
ment, Settlement-Default;  stop  short,  Discon- 
tinuance-Continuance, Movement-Rest;  stop 
short  of,  Transcursion-Shortcoming;  stop  the 
breath,  Life-Killing;  stop  the  ears,  Hearing- 
Deafness;  stop  the  mouth,  Proof-Disproof,  Vo- 
calization-Muteness; stop  the  sound,  Resonance- 
Nonresonance;  stop  th»  7ray,  Obstruction-Help; 
stop  up,  Aperture-Closir^ 

stop'-cock".  A  faucet  ha  ar.g  a  stop  or  valve.  Per- 
forator-Stopper. 

stop'-gap".  That  which  -tops  a  gap.  Commutation- 
Permutation,  Perforator-Stopper. 

stop'-page.  A  stopping  or  arresting  progress.  Dis- 
continuance-Continuance, Obstruction-Help. 

stop'-per.  One  that  stops  or  hinders;  that  which  fills  a 
vent.  Aperture-Closure,  Obstruction-Help,  Per- 
forator-Stopper. 

stop'-ping.  A  hindering.  Discontinuance-Contin- 
uance, Perforator-Stopper. 

stop'-ple.    A  stopper.    Perforator-Stopper. 

stor'-age.     Act  of  storing.     Store. 

store.  A  source  of  supplies;  a  place  where  goods  are 
sold.  Market,  Store;  in  store,  Holding-Exemp- 
tion, Occurrence-Destiny,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation; lay  in  a  store,  Provision-Waste; 
set  no  store,  Overvaluation-Undervaluation; 
set  store  by,  Approval-Disapproval,  Consequence- 
Insignificance;  store  in  the  memory,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness;  store  of  knowledge, 
Knowledge-Ignorance. 

STORE. 

Accumulation.     That  which  is  stored  up. 

Bonne  boache  [F.].     A  nice  amount  stored  up 

Budget.     A  stock  or  store. 

Conservation.     The  act  of  preserving  or  keeping. 

Corps  de  reserve  [F.].     A  part  of  an  army  held  in  reserve. 

Crop.     The  product  of  what  is  planted. 

Fund.     A  sum  of  money  stored  up  for  a  specific  purpose. 

Harvest.     That  which  is  reaped. 

Heap,  etc.     A  collection  of  things  stored  together.     See  Gathering 

Hoard.     Something  gathered  and  stored  away. 

Lumber.     Disused  articles  stored  away. 

Milch-cow.     A  cow  giving  milk. 

Mine.     A  productive  supply  of  anything. 

Mow,     A  heap  of  hay  or  sheaves  stored  in  a  barn. 

Nest-egg.     A  sum  of  money  stored  away. 

Relay,  etc.  A  supply  stored  up  for  anticipated  use.  See  Provi- 
sion. 

Reserve.     Something  held  back  for  future  use. 

Reserved  fund.     A  fund  laid  aside  for  future  use. 

Rick.     A  stack  or  pile  of  grain  in  the  open  air. 

Savings.     Sums  stored  up. 

Stack.     A  large  pile  of  grain,  hay,  or  straw. 

Stock.  The  capital  of  a  company  represented  by  shares  held  by  indi- 
viduals. 

Stock  in  trade.     Goods  employed  by  a  merchant  in  his  business. 


STORE. 


1010 


STRAGGLE. 


■  An  artificial  basin  for  water. 


o  o  age.  i  j^e  act  Q£  depositing  in  a  store  or  warehouse. 

Store.     Something  laid  up  for  future  need. 
Supply.     Sufficiency  of  things  for  use  or  want. 
Treasure.     Riches  stored  up. 
Vintage.     The  produce  of  the  vine  for  one  season. 

Store — Nouns  of  Place. 

Armory.     A  place  where  instruments  of  war  are  deposited. 

Arsenal.     A  public  place  for  the  storage  of  arms. 

Bank*  etc.     A  place  where  money  is  kept.     See  Treasury. 

Budget.     A  bag  or  sack. 

Buttery.  An  apartment  where  butter,  milk  and  other  provisions  are 
kept. 

Cache.     A  hole  in  the  ground  for  preserving  provisions. 

Cistern.     A  hollow  place  for  storing  water. 

Coffer,  etc.  A  chest  for  keeping  money  or  valuables.  See  Contents- 
Receiver. 

Conservatory.     A  place  for  preserving  anything  from  loss  or  decay. 

Depository.     A  place  where  anything  is  deposited  for  sale  or  keeping. 

Depot.     A  place  of  deposit  for  the  storing  of  goods. 

Dock.     An  artificial  basin  used  for  the  reception  of  vessels. 

Entrepot  [F.fl.     A  storehouse. 

Fount.      | 

Fountain.)  ' 

Gallery.     A  room  for  keeping  works  of  art. 

Garner.     A  storehouse  for  grain.  . 

Gasometer.     An  apparatus  for  holding  gas. 

Granary.     A  place  for  storing  grain 

Larder.     A  room  where  food  is  kept. 

Lode.     A  vein  or  bed  of  ore. 

Magazine.     A  room  for  storing  military  supplies. 

Menagerie.     A  place  where  animals  are  kept. 

Mill-pond.     A  pond  which  supplies  water  for  a  mill. 

Museum.     A  place  where  curiosities  are  kept. 

Pond.     A  basin  for  storing  water. 

Portfolio.     A  portable  case  for  holding  loose  papers. 

Promptuary.     That  from  which  supplies  are  drawn. 

Quarry.     A  cavern  or  pit  where  stone  is  taken  from  the  earth. 

Quiver.     A  sheath  for  carrying  arrows. 

Ripertorium  [L.].     A  repertory. 

Repertory.     A  place  in  which  things  are  stored  in  an  orderly  manner. 

Repository.     A  place  where  things  may  be  laid  up  for  safety. 

Reservatory.     A  place  for  storing  things. 

Reservoir.     An  artificial  place  for  storing  water. 

Spence.     A  pantry. 

Spring.     Any  source  of  supply  from  which  a  stream  proceeds. 

Storecloset."| 

Storehouse,  r  A  place  for  the  deposit  of  goods. 

Storeroom.  ) 

Tank.     An  artificial  receptacle  for  liquids. 

Thesaurus.     A  depository  of  knowledge  ;  a  treasury. 

Vein.     That  which  contains  useful  minerals  or  ores. 

Warehouse.     A  storehouse  for  goods. 

Well.     A  hole  sunk  into  the  earth  so  as  to  supply  water. 

Well-spring.     A  source  of  continual  water  supply. 

Store — Verbs. 
Accumulate.     To  store  up  by  degrees. 
Amass.     To  store  up  to  a  great  degree. 
Collect,  etc.     To  gather  together.     See  Gathering. 
Deposit.     To  give  over  for  safe-keeping. 
File.     To  preserve  in  a  systematic  order. 
Fund.     To  store  up  money  in  a  fund. 
Garner.     To  store  in  a  granary. 
Garner  up.     To  store,  as  grain. 
Harvest.     To  collect  and  store  in  a  place  of  safety. 
Heap.     To  collect  and  store  together  in  a  pile. 
Heap  up.     To  amass. 
Hoard. 
Hoard  up.  J 
Hold  back.     To  reserve. 
Husband.  >  _  ... 

Husband  one's  resources./  To  use  ^  economy 

Kee?'back.}Totakecareof- 
Lay  apart.     To  put  away  for  future  use. 
Lay  by.     To  deposit  for  future  use. 

Lay  in,  etc.     To  store  up  as  a  provision  for  the  future.     See  Provi- 
sion. 
Lay  in  store,  etc.     To  store  up.     See  Adjectives. 
Lay  up.     To  store  away  carefully  for  future  use. 
Load.     To  heap  upon. 
Preserve,  etc.     To  store  in  safety      See  Conservation. 


(  j"  To  store  up  secretly  and  selfishly- 


Put  by.  To  lay  aside  for  future  need. 
Put  up.  To  store  away;  to  preserve 
Reserve.     To  hold  back  for  future  use. 

bave.       l  ^>0  store  what  would  otherwise  be  lost. 

Save  up  J 

Set  apart.     To  put  aside  for  future  use. 

Set  by.     To  put  on  one  side  for  safe-keeping. 

Stack.     To  store  without  any  systematic  arrangement. 

0i      *       f  To  pxit  into  keeping  for  future  use. 
Store  up.  > 

c.      *  (  To  put  away  compactly  for  future  use. 

otow  away.-. 

Treasure  up.     To  store  up  with  great  care. 

Store — -Adjectives. 
In  ordinary.     Stored  up  for  constant  service. 
In  reserve.     Held  back  for  future  use. 
In  store.     In  readiness  for  use. 
Spare.     Held  back  for  use  or  need ;  additional. 
Stored,  etc.     Heaped  up ;  kept.     See  Verbs. 
Supernumerary.     More  than  is  needed  at  the  present  time. 

Store — Phrase. 
Adde  parvum  parvo.  tnagnus  acervus  erit  [L.fl.  .  Add  little  to  little,  a 
great  heap  will  be. 

store'-clos"-et.     Storing  place.     Store. 

stored.     Treasured  up.     Store. 

store'-house".     Warehouse.     Store. 

store'-room".     A  warehouse.     Store. 

store'-ship" .  A  vessel  carrying  naval  stores.  Bellig- 
erent, Conveyance-Vessel. 

siorge  [Gr.]  (stor-gS)').    Love;  affection.     Love-Hate. 

sto'-ried.     Told  in  a  story.     Account. 

stor'-ing.     A  putting  away  for  use.     Store. 

storm.  A  violent  disturbance  of  the  atmosphere;  a 
violent  agitation.  Agitation,  Attack-Defense, 
Excitability -Inexcitability,  Favorite- Anger, 
Gathering-Scattering,  Revolution,  River-Wind, 
Turbulence-Calmness;  ride  the  storm,  Traveling- 
Navigation;  storm  brewing,  Security-Insecurity; 
storm  in  a  tea-cup,  Gull-Hyperbole,  Overvalua- 
tion-Undervaluation; take  by  storm,  Success- 
Failure,  Taking-Restitution. 

storm'-ing.     Taking  by  storm.     Attack-Defense. 

storm'-y.     Boisterous.     River-Wind. 

Stor'-thing.     The  Norwegian  parliament.     Council. 

Sto'-ry.  A  tale;  a  division  in  a  building.  Account, 
Contents-Receiver,  Lamina-Fiber,  Truthful- 
ness-Fabrication; as  the  story  goes,  Tidings-Mys- 
tery ;  the  old  story,  Love-Hate. 

sto'-ry-tel"-ler.  One  who  tellsstories;  a  liar.  Gull- 
Deceiver. 

Stound.  Astonishment;  amazement.  Astonishment- 
Expectance. 

stoup.  A  vessel  for  holding  liquids.  Contents  Re- 
ceiver. 

stour.     A  conflict.     Regularity-Irregularity. 

stout.  Strong  of  structure;  bulky.  Bravery-Cow- 
ardice, Greatness-Littleness,  Strength-Weak- 
ness 

stout'-heart"-ed.    Courageous.    Bravery-Cowardice. 

stout'-ness.     Strength.     Strength-Weakness. 

stove.  An  apparatus  holding  a  fire;  broken  in.  Oven- 
Refrigerator;  stove  in,  Convexity-Concavity. 

stow.  To  pack  closely.  Enlargement-Diminution, 
Establishment-Removal,  Store. 

stow'-age.  A  stowing.  Establishment-Removal, 
Extension-Place. 

St.  Pat'-rick.  Patron  saint  of  Ireland.  Patriotism- 
Treason. 

stra'-bism.     Squinting.     Sight-Dimsightedness. 

stra-bis'-mus.     Squinting.     Sight-Dimsightedness. 

strad'-dle.  To  stand  or  walk  with  the  legs  far  apart. 
Traveling-Navigation. 

strag'-gle.  To  stray.  Aim-Aberration,  Traveling- 
Navigation. 


STRAGGLING. 


1011 


STREAM 


strag'-gling.  Wandering  aimlessly  about.  Regular- 
ity-Irregularity, Union-Disunion. 

straight.  Direct;  upright.  Aim-Aberration,  Curva- 
tion-Rectilinearity,  Erectness-Flatness,  Mid- 
course-Circuit;  all  straight,  Affluence-Penury, 
Settlement-Default;  straight  arch,  Architec- 
ture; straight  course,  Midcourse-Circuit;  straight 
descent,  Parentage-Progeny;  straight  sailing,  Dif- 
ficulty-Facility. 

straight'-en.  To  make  straight.  Curvation-Recti- 
linearity. 

straight'-forth".    Immediately.    Earliness-Lateness. 

straight"-for'-ward.  Undeviating.  Aim-Aberration, 
Craft  -  Artlessness,  Truthfulness  -  Falsehood, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

straight"-f or'- wards.    Undeviating.    Aim-Aberration. 

straight'-ness.  State  or  quality  of  being  straight.  Cur- 
vation-Recti  linearity. 

straight'-way".    Immediately.    Earliness-Lateness. 

strain.  To  draw  with  force ;  to  exert  to  the  utmost;  to 
sprain.  Agency,  Cleanness -Filthiness,  En- 
trance-Exit, Gull-Hyperbole,  Music,  Overvalu- 
ation-Undervaluation, Poetry-Prose,  Sound- 
Silence,  Strength-Weakness,  Style,  Toil-Re- 
laxation, Transcursion-Shortcoming,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness, Vocalization-Muteness,  Weari- 
ness-Refreshment; strain  a  point,  Dueness-Un- 
dueness,  Gull-Hyperbole,  Observance-Nonob- 
servance,  Transcursion-Shortcoming  ;  strain  at  a 

fnat  and  swallow  a  camel,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Skill- 
Fnskilfulness;  strain  every  nerve,  Toil-Relaxa- 
tion; strain  one's  eyes,  Sight-Blindness;  strain 
one's  invention,  Fancy;  strain  the  meaning,  Inter- 
pretation-Misinterpretation; strain  the  throat, 
Cry-Ululation. 

Strained.     Injured  by  exertion.     Toil-Relaxation. 

strait.  Distress;  narrow  passage  of  water;  interval. 
Difficulty-Facility,  Gulf-Plain,  Interspace- 
Contact. 

strait'-ened.  Poor.  Affluence-Penury,  Difficulty- 
Facility. 

Strait'-hand"-ed.  Parsimonious.  Extravagance- 
Avarice. 

strait'-laced".  Fastidious;  restricted;  rigid  in  opin- 
ion. Desire-Particularness,  Harshness-Mild- 
ness, Release-Restraint,  Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness. 

strait'-waist"-coat.  A  restraint;  a  means  of  restraint. 
Release-Restraint. 

strand.     A  beach.     Ocean-Land. 

strand'-ed.  Left  helpless;  run  aground.  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Mutability-Stability,  Pleasure-Pain, 
Success-Failure. 

strange.  Remarkable;  unrelated;  queer.  Astonish- 
ment-Expectance, Connection -Independence, 
Conventionality -Unconventionality,  Society- 
Ludicrousness;  strange  bedfellows,  Variance-Ac- 
cord; strange  to  say,  Astonishment -Expect- 
ance. 

strange'-ly.    Wonderfully.    Magnitude-Smallness. 

stran'-ger.  A  foreigner.  Constituent-Alien;  a  stran- 
ger to,  Knowledge-Ignorance. 

stran'-gle.  To  throttle;  to  kill;  to  repress.  En- 
largement-Diminution, Life-Killing,  Might-Im- 
potence. 

stran'-gu-la"-ted.  Suffocated  by  constriction  of  the 
throat.     Enlargement-Diminution. 

stran"-gu-la'-tion.  Act  of  strangling.  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution, Life-Killing. 

strap.  To  fasten;  a  strip  of  leather;  to  beat;  an  in- 
strument of  punishment.  Connective,  Recom- 
pense-Scourge, Union-Disunion. 

strap-pa'-do.  A  military  punishment.  Recompense- 
Punition. 


strap'-per.  A  large  person  or  thing.  Greatness-Lit- 
tleness. 

strap'-ping.  Big  and  strong.  Greatness-Littleness, 
Strength- Weakness. 

strap'-work".  Ornamentation.  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement. 

strat'-a-gem.  An  artifice  in  war;  a  secret  plot;  a  de- 
ceptive design  Craft- Artlessness,  Design, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

stra-teg'-ic.     Artful;  designing.     Craft-Artlessness. 

stra-teg'-ic-al.  Artful.  Conduct,  Design,  Fighting- 
Conciliation. 

stra-teg'-ics.     Science  of  strategy      Conduct. 

strat'-e-gist.  One  versed  in  strategy  Adept-Bungler, 
Design,  Manager. 

strat'-e-gy.  Use  of  artifice;  science  of  military  posi- 
tion.    Conduct,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

strath.     An  open  valley.     Convexity-Concavity. 

strath'-spey" .  A  Scottish  dance.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

strat"-i-fi-ca'-tion.  The  process  of  laying  in  layers. 
Geology,  Lamina-Fiber,  Texture. 

strat'-i-fied.  Laid  in  layers.  Lamina-Fiber;  strati- 
fied rocks,  Geology  . 

strat'-i-form.  Formed  like  a  stratum.  Lamina-Fi- 
ber. 

stra-toc'-ra-cy.  Military  despotism.  Outside-Inside, 
Rule-License. 

stra'-tum.  A  layer.  Erectness-Flatness,  Geology, 
Lamina-Fiber. 

stra'-tus.     A  thin  layer  of  cloud.     Viscidity-Foam. 

straw.  A  dry  ripened  stalk  of  grain;  the  collection  of 
such  stalks;  an  insignificant  thing.  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Gathering-Scattering,  Heavi- 
ness-Lightness; care  not  a  straw,  Regard-Scorn, 
Sensitiveness -Apathy,  Unconcern;  catch  at 
straws,  Credulousness-Skepticism,  Overvalua- 
tion -  Undervaluation,  Recklessness  -  Caution, 
Sanguineness- Hopelessness,  Skill -Unski  lful- 
ness,  Use-Misuse;  in  the  straw,  Creation-De- 
struction; man  of  straw,  Gentility-Commonalty, 
Settlement-Default,  Substance-Nullity, Truth- 
fulness-Fraud; not  worth  a  straw,  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  straw 
to  show  the  wind,  Trial;  the  eyes  drawing  straw,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence. 

straw'-col"-ored.  Pale-yellow.  Yellowness -Pur- 
ple. 

stray.  To  wander;  irregular.  Aim-Aberration,  Con- 
ventionality-Unconventionality,  Gathering- 
Scattering. 

streak.  A  long  stripe;  a  whim;  a  dash.  Breadth- 
Narrowness,  Groove,  Length-Shortness,  Light- 
Darkness,  Sign,  Variegation. 

streaked.  Marked  by  streaks.  Crossing,  Variega- 
tion. 

stream.  To  pour  forth;  to  move  with  a  trail  of  light ;  a 
watercourse.  Enough,  Gathering -Scattering, 
Light-Darkness,  Movement-Rest,  River-Wind, 
Stream;  against  the  stream,  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence; stream  of  events,  Occurrence-Destiny; 
stream  of  time,  Period-Progress;  with  the  stream, 
Advance-Retrogression,  Assent-Dissent,  Con- 
ventionality-Unconventionality,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Society- 
Ludicrousness,' Variance-Accord. 

STREAM. 
Stream.     A  steady  flow  of  air  or  water      See  River-Wind. 

Stream—  Verbs. 

Blow,  etc.     To  move  in  a  steady  stream.     See  River-Wind. 
Flow,  etc.     To  move  in  a  steady  stream.     See  River. 


STREAMER. 


1012 


STRENGTH— WEAKNESS. 


stream'-er.     A  flag.     Sign. 

stream'-ing.  Loose;  dispread.  Cohesion-Looseness, 
Gathering-Scattering. 

stream'-let.     A  rivulet.     River-Wind. 

Btream'-y.     Full  of  streams.     River- Wind. 

street,  A  public  way  with  buildings  on  the  sides. 
City-Country,  Dweller-Habitation,  Extension- 
District,  Way;  in  the  streets,  Manifestation-La- 
tency;  on  the  streets,  Purity-Impurity. 


street  ar'-ab.     Outcast.     City-Country. 

strength.  Power;  force;  toughness;  animality.  Anx- 
mality  -  vegetability,  magnitude  -  smallness, 
Might-Impotence,  Quantity-Measure,  Rhetoric, 
Strength  -  Weakness,  Toughness  -  Brittleness, 
Vigor-Inertia;  put  all  one's  strength  into,  Toil- 
Relaxation;  strength  of  mind,  Determination- 
Vacillation;  tower  of  strength,  Attack-Defense. 


STRENGTH— WEAKNESS. 


Brute  force.     Great  strength  without  reason. 

Elasticity.     Power  of    resistance  to  or  recovery  from  depression  or 

overwork. 
Energy  etc      The  power  to  do  work.     See  Vigor. 
Force       Acting  and  effective  strength. 
Lustihood       Healthy  and  vigorous  strength. 
Main  force.     Sheer  force. 
Muscle.     Powerful  strength. 
Nerve      Great  self-reliance. 
Physicalforce.     Bodily  strength. 
Physique.     The  bodily  structure  of  a  person. 
Pith.     Concentrated  strength. 

Pithiness.     The  state  of  possessing  nervous  energy  or  force. 
Power,  etc      The  ability  to  exercise  strength.     See  Might. 
Sinew.     That  which  supplies  strength. 
Spring.     That  by  which  action  or  motion  is  produced. 
Stamina.     Supporting  strength. 

Stoutness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  vigorously  strong.     See  Adjectives. 
Strength.     Inherent  muscular  energy. 
Strengthening.     A  giving  or  increasing  strength. 
Tension.     Great  physical  or  intellectual  effort. 
Thews  and  sinews.     Muscular  strength. 
Tone.     State  of  mind  or  body. 

Tonicity.     The  state  of  being  healthful  and  vigorous. 
Vigor.     Active  physical  or  mental  strength.* 
Virility.     Manly  strength. 
Vitality.     The  state  of  having  animate  strength. 

Strength — Denotations. 

Acrobat.  One  who  practises  rope-dancing,  high-vaulting,  or  other 
feats  of  strength. 

Adamant.     A  stone  imagined  to  be  of  impenetrable  hardness. 

Antaeus.  A  giant  whose  strength  was  renewed  every  time  that  he 
touched  the  earth,  his  mother. 

Athlete.  One  trained  to  contend  in  exercises  requiring  great  physi- 
cal agility  and  strength. 

Atlas.     A  god  represented  as  bearing  up  the  pillars  of  heaven. 

Cedar.     A  tree  whose  wood  is  remarkable  for  its  durability 

Cyclops.  One  of  a  race  of  giants  having  but  one  eye  in  the  middle  of 
the  forehead.     [Homer,  Odyssey.] 

Giant  refreshed.     A  person  of  great  strength. 

Goliath.     A  Philistine  giant  slain  by  David. 

Gymnast.     One  who  practises  gymnastic  exercises. 

Heart  of  oak.     Courage,  spirit. 

Hercules.     A  mythological  hero  celebrated  for  his  great  strength. 

Iron.     A  hard  metallic  element. 

Iron  grip.     A  grip  holding  like  an  iron  band. 

Oak.     A  tree  whose  wood  is  noted  for  its  strength  and  durability. 

Samson.     A  Biblical  character  celebrated  for  his  strength. 

Steel.     A  variety  of  iron. 

Tower  of  strength.     A  source  of  strength. 

Strength — Nouns  of  Cause. 
Athleticism.     Training  for  athletic  games. 
Athletics.     The  art  of  training  for  athletic  exercises. 
Feats  of  strength.     Striking  acts  ot  strength  which  develop  the  mus- 
cles. 
Gymnastics.     Athletic  or  disciplinary  exercises. 
Invigoration.     The  act  ot  giving  vigor  or  strength  to. 
Refocillation.     Restoration  01  strength  by  refreshment. 
Refreshment.     Restoration  of  strength  or  spirit. 

Strength — Scientific  Nouns. 
Dynamics.     That  branch  of  mechanics  which  treats  of  the  action  of 

forces  producing  or  changing  motion 
Statics.     That  branch  of  mechanics  which  treats  of  bodies  held  at 

rest  by  the  forces  acting  on  them. 

Str  ength —  Verbs 
Be  strong,  etc      To  have  great  physical  power 
Be  stronger.     To  have  more  i>ower  than. 


See  Adjectives. 


Adynamia.     Lack  of  strength  resulting  from  disease. 
Asthenia.     General  debility. 
Atony.     Abnormal  weakness. 

Cachexv    J  ^eneral  Da<^  health  resulting  from  malnutrition. 
Debility.     Undue  weakness  in  the  vital  functions. 
Declension  of  strength.     The  gradual  coming  on  of  weakness. 
Decrepitude.     Weakness  resulting  from  age. 
Delicacy.     Constitutional  weakness. 

Effemination .     The  state  of  becoming  weak  like  a  woman. 
Enervation.     Weakness  resulting  from  nervous  troubles. 
Failure  of  strength.      Gradual  weakness. 
Feminality.     The  state  of  lacking  manly  strength. 
Flaccidity.     Lack  of  firmness. 
Fragility.     The  state  of  being  liable  to  fail. 

Impotence,  etc.     The  state  of  wanting  power.     See  Might-Impo- 
tence. 
Inactivity,  etc.     Lack  of  power  to  act.     See  Activity-Indolence. 
Infirmity.     The  state  of  being  feeble. 
Invalidation.     The  state  of  being  weakened  by  ill-health. 
Languor.     Weakness  resulting  from  the  exhaustion  of  strength. 
Loss  of  strength.     Weakness  resulting  from  any  cause. 
Relaxation.     A  weakening  of  the  normal  condition  of  the  body. 
Weakness.     Lack  of  physical  strength. 

Weakness — Denotations. 

House  of  cards.     A  weak,  unsubstantial  structure. 

Infant,  etc.     A  child  in  the  first  period  of  life.     See  Inpant. 

Reed.     A  slender  grass-like  plant. 

Rope  of  sand.     A  weak  and  useless  barrier. 

Softling.     A  soft,  effeminate  person. 

Thread.     A  very  small  twist  of  flax,  wool,  cotton,  etc. 

Weakling.     A  weak  or  feeble  creature. 

Youth,  etc.     The  period  of  existence  before  maturity.     See  Infancy. 

Weakness — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Sprain.       Lameness  or  weakness  caused  by  excessive  exertion  or 

wrenching  of  a  muscle. 
Strain.     An  excessive  and  hurtful  exertion  of  the  muscles. 

Weakness — Verbs. 

Be  weak,  etc.     To  lack  physical  strength.     See  Adjectives. 

Blunt  the  edge  of.     To  dull  the  sensibilities  of. 

Cramp.     To  weaken  by  confining  and  contracting. 

Cripple.     To  weaken  by  depriving  of  an  essential  part. 

Crumble.     To  decay  bit  by  bit. 

Debilitate.     To  weaken  the  vital  functions. 

Decimate.     To  destroy  a  large  portion  of. 

Decline.     To  diminish  in  strength. 

Deprive  of  strength.     To  make  weak. 

Dilute.     To  weaken  by  admixture  with  something. 

Enervate.     To  weaken  the  nervous  power  of. 

Enfeeble.     To  reduce  the  strength  of. 

Extenuate.     To  weaken  the  force  of,  as  a  statement. 

Fade.     To  lose  vigor  and  beauty. 

Fail.     To  become  weak  steadily. 

Flag.     To  grow  languid. 

Give  way.     To  yield  to  superior  force. 

Halt.     To  be  imperfect. 

Have  one  leg  in  the  grave.     To  be  weak  and  dying. 

Impoverish.     To  weaken  by  exhausting  the  resources  of. 

Languish.     To  lose  strength  and  animation. 

Limp.     To  walk  lamely. 

Mettre  de  Veau  dans  son  vin  [F.].     To  put  water  in  his  wine;  to 

dilute. 
Reduce.     To  bring  to  a  lower  condition. 
Reduce  in  strength.        \  T    weflken 
Reduce  the  strength  of./  10  weaKen* 


STRENGTH. 


1013 


-STRENGTH— WEAKNESS. 


STRENGTH—  WEAKNESS—  Continued. 


STRENGTH— Verbs— Continued. 

Brace.     To  strengthen  by  giving  a  support. 

Brace  up  one's  loins.     To  prepare  for  action. 

Case-harden.     To  strengthen  against  external  good  influences. 

Fortify.     To  give  strength  to. 

Gird  up  one's  loins.     To  prepare  for  action. 

Give  strength,  etc.     To  cause  to  have  power.      See  Nouns. 

Harden.     To  give  great  endurance  to. 

Invigorate.     To  strengthen  with  new  energy. 

Nerve.     To  give  strength  to  bear  trying  circumstances. 

Overmatch.     To  surpass  in  strength. 

Recruit.     To  give  fresh  strength  to. 

Reenforce,  etc.     To  give  new  strength  to.     See  Renovation. 

Refect.     To  refresh  by  food. 

Refresh,  etc.     To  renew  worn-out  strength.     See  Weariness-Re. 

FRESHMENT. 

Render  strong.     To  give  strength  to. 

Set  on  one's  legs.     To  renew  one's  strength. 

Steel.     To  give  unyielding  strength  to. 

Strengthen.     To  make  strong. 

Sustain.     To  assist  with  supporting  strength. 

Validate.     To  make  strong  and  powerful. 

Vivify.     To  animate  with  new  strength. 

Strength — Adjectives. 
Able-bodied.     Having  a  strong  body. 
Adamantine.     Too  strong  to  be  subdued. 
All-powerful.     Having  the  strength  to  do  everything. 
Athletic.     Strong  from  exercise. 
Atlantean.     Of  gigantic  strength. 
Brawny.     Having  large  and  strong  muscles. 

Broad-shouldered.     Having  strong  and  well-developed  shoulder*. 
Cyclopean.     Very  strong  and  savage. 
Deep-rooted.     Deep-seated. 
Forcible.     Having  active  power. 
Gigantic.     Of  great  and  unusual  strength . 
Hard.     Possessing  great  endurance. 
Hardy.     Strong  to  endure  fatigue. 
Herculean.     Of  remarkable  strength. 
Impregnable.     That  cannot  be  influenced  by  strength. 
Incontestable.     Too  evident  to  be  questioned 
Indomitable.     Too  strong  to  be  subdued. 
Inextinguishable.     Too  strong  to  be  repressed. 
In  fine  feather.     Elated  on  account  of  the  possession  of  strength. 

t    r  «i       i    "  r  With  unrestrained  force. 
In  full  swing.  J 

In  high  feather.     Conscious  of  strength. 

In  the  plenitude  of  power.     With  the  greatest  fulness  of  power. 

Invincible.     That  cannot  be  overcome  by  strength. 

Irresistible.     That  cannot  be  opposed  by  strength. 

Like  a  giant  refreshed.     With  great  strength. 

Made  of  iron.     Very  strong  to  endure. 

Male.     Of  superior  strength. 

Manful.     Having  the  strong  and  courageous  nature  of  a  man. 

Manlike.     Possessing  the  strength  of  a  man. 

Manly.     Strong  in  a  manner  becoming  a  man. 

Masculine.     Strong  and  vigorous. 

Mighty.     Very  forcible . 

More  than  a  match  for.     Superiorin  strength. 

Muscular.     Having  strong  muscles. 

Overpowering.     Bearing  down  by  superior  strength. 

Overwhelming.     Crushing  with  sudden  and  irresistible  force. 

Potent.     Having  power  to  accomplish  a  result. 

Powerful.     Possessing  strength  and  influence. 

Proof  against.     Too  strong  to  be  influenced  by. 

Puissant.     Strong  and  mighty. 

Resistless.     Too  strong  to  be  withstood. 

Robust.     Having  perfect  strength. 

Sinewy.     Strong  and  vigorous. 

Sound  as  a  roach.     Perfectly  sound. 

Sovereign.     Possessing  the  greatest  strength. 

Stalwart.     Strong  in  frame. 

Stout.     Possessing  muscular  strength 

Strapping.     Physically  well-developed. 

Strong.     Having  great  physical  power. 

Strong  as  a  horse .  "\ 

Strong  as  a  lion.     >  Figurative  degrees  of  strength. 

Strong  as  brandy.  I 

Stubborn.     Obstinately  headstrong. 

Sturdy.     Exhibiting  rugged  strength. 

Thick-ribbed.     Having  a  sturdy  constitution. 

Unallayed.     Not  diminished. 


WEAKNESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Relax.     To  weaken  in  one's  efforts. 

Render  weak,  etc.     To  deprive  of  strength.     See  Adjectives 

Shake.     To  lessen  the  steadiness  of. 

Sprain.     To  twist  the  ligaments  about  a  joint. 

Strain.     To  weaken  by  overexertion. 

Totter.     To  become  weak  and  unstable. 

Tremble.     To  quiver  involuntarily  from  weakness. 

Unbrace.     To  lose  one's  muscular  power. 

Unman,  etc.     To  destroy  the  virility  of.     See  Might-Impotencb. 

Unnerve.     To  remove  the  strength  and  courage  of. 

Weaken.     To  grow  or  make  weak. 

Weakness—  Adjectives. 

Adynamic .     Weak  as  a  result  of  disease . 

Aidless.     Weak  from  want  of  assistance. 

Asthenic.     Weak  from  general  debility. 

Broken.     Having  one's  strength  seriously  impaired. 

Cranky.     Aged  and  feeble. 

Crazy.     Mentally  weak. 

Creachy.     Old  and  weak. 

Debile.     Weak  in  the  vital  functions. 

Decayed.     Reduced  in  strength. 

Decrepit.     Weak  from  old  age. 

Defenseless,  etc.  Without  strength  to  ward  off  danger.  See  Might- 
Impotence. 

Drooping,     Growing  faint  from  any  cause. 

Dull.     Weak  in  the  power  of  understanding. 

Effeminate.     Marked  by  womanly  weakness. 

Effete.     Worn  out  with  age. 

Evanid.     Too  weak  to  be  permanent. 

Faint.     Lacking  vigor. 

Faintish.     Somewhat  faint. 

Feeble.     Lacking  energy. 

Feminate.     Weak  as  a  woman. 

Flaccid.     Unnaturally  soft  and  weak. 

Flimsy.     Showy  and  weak. 

Fragile.     Easily  broken. 

Frail.     Too  weak  to  resist  external  influences, 

Gimcrack.     Showy  and  worthless. 

Gingerbread .     Unstable . 

Impotent,  etc.     Wanting  power.     See  Might-Impotence, 

Infirm.     Not  sound  or  stable. 

Laid  low.     Overcome,  as  by  disease. 

Lame.     Weakened  by  an  injury. 

Languid.     Weak  from  Hstlessness. 

Languishing.     Having  lost  strength  and  animation. 

Nervous.     Having  weak  nerves. 

On  its  last  legs.     About  to  fail  entirely. 

Palsied,  etc.  Not  able  to  control  one's  movements.  See  Might- 
Impotence. 

Poor.     Lacking  in  vigor. 

Powerless.     Too  weak  to  produce  an  effect. 

Pulled  down.     Weakened  in  vigor. 

Relaxed.     Having  become  weak  in  energy. 

Rickety.     Weak  enough  to  fall  from  lack  of  stability. 

Rotten.     Weak  and  untrustworthy. 

Sapless.     Lacking  spirit  and  energy. 

Seedy.     Worn  out. 

Shaken.     Having  the  strength  impaired. 

Shaky.     Of  doubtful  strength. 

Shattered.     Deprived  of  health. 

Shattery.     Liable  to  be  shattered. 

Short-winded.     Affected  with  shortness  of  breath. 

Sickly,  etc.  Liable  to  be  affected  by  disease.  See  Healthiness. 
Sickness. 

Slack.     Too  weak  to  be  active. 

Soft.     Lacking  courage  and  manliness. 

Spent.     Exhausted. 

Strengthless.     Weak. 

The  worse  for  wear.     Worn  out. 

Tottering,  etc.     About  to  fall.     See  Verbs. 

„nai  -e.*j  \  Weak,  with  no  other  strength  to  depend  on. 

Unnerved.     Deprived  of  nerve  force  or  strength. 

Unstrengthened,  etc.     Made  weak.     See  Strength, 

Unstrung.     Relaxed. 

Unsubstantial.     Having  no  real  strength. 

Unsupported.     Not  upheld. 

Washy.     Lacking  substance  and  strength. 

Wasted.     Weakened  by  constant  loss. 

Weak.     Lacking  physical  strength. 


STRENGTH. 


1014 


STRIFE— PEACE. 


STRE  NGTH— Adj  ect  ives— Continued 

Unconquerable.     Not  to  be  overcome  by  force. 

Unexhausted.     Not  having  all  its  strength  used  up. 

Unquenchable.     That  cannot  be  suppressed. 

Unshaken.     Not  weakened  in  strength. 

Unweakened.     Not  made  feeble.  - 

Unwithered.     Not  having  lost  its  freshness  and  strength. 

Unworn.     Having  lost  none  of  its  strength  from  use. 

Valid.     Having  strength  founded  on  truth. 

Vigorous.     Strong  in  an  active  and  lively  manner. 

Virile.     Strong  like  a  mature  male. 

Well-knit.     Having  a  strong  and  compact  frame 

Wiry.     Thin  and  strong. 

Strength — Adverbs,  etc. 

By  force,  etc.     By  using  strength.     See  Nouns. 

By  main  force,  etc.     By  compulsion.     See  Coercion. 

Strongly,  etc .     With  power.     Sae  Adjectives. 

Strength — Phrases. 

Blut  und  Eisen  [G.].     Blood  and  iron. 
Caelitus  mihi  vires  [L.].     My  strength  is  from  heaven. 
Du  fort  an  faible  [P.],     Strong  and  weak  take  together. 
En  habites  gens  [P.].     The  able  men. 


STRENGTH— WEAKNESS— Continued. 

WEAKNESS — Adjectives — Continued. 


Figurative  expressions  for  degrees  of   physical 
weakness. 


I  Figurative    expressions  for  the  lack  or 
V       weakness  of  a  distinguishing  or  essen- 
tial element. 


Weak  as  a  baby. 

Weak  as  a  cat. 

Weak  as  a  chicken. 

Weak  as  a  child. 

Weak  as  a  rat.  J 

Weak  as  gingerbread. 

Weak  as  milk  and  water 

Weak  as  water. 

Weak  as  water-gruel 

Weakly.     Inclined  to  be  weak. 

Weather-beaten.     Weakened  by  exposure. 

Withered.     Having  lost  freshness  and  power. 

Womanly.     Weak  as  a  woman. 

Worn.     Weakened  by  continuous  use. 

Weakness — Phrase. 
Non  sum  qualis  erani  [L..].     I  am  not  what  I  was. 


STRENGTH— Phrases—  Continued. 

Ex  vi  termini  [ L.].     By  force  of  the  expression. 

Flecti,  non  frangi  [L.].     You  can  bend  but  you  cannot  break 

Our  withers  are  unwrung. 


Increase-De- 


To   become    strong. 

Making  strong.      Strength-Weak- 


strength'-en. 

CREASE. 

strength'-en-ing . 

NESS. 

strength'-less.     Weak.     Strength-Weakness. 

stren-u-ous.  Earnest;  insistent.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Persistence-Whim,  Toil-Relaxation. 

Strephon  and  Chloe.     Two  lovers.     Blandishment. 

stress.  Special  significance;  pressure;  emphasis. 
Consequence-Insignificance,  Difficulty  -  Facil- 
ity, Need,  Toil-Relaxation,  Vocalization-Mute- 
ness; by  stress  of,  Volition-Obligation;  lay  stress 
on,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Ratiocination- 
Instinct;  stress  of  circumstances,  Coercion;  stress 
of  weather,  River-Wind. 

stretch.  To  distend;  to  exaggerate;  to  exert  to  the 
utmost.  Dueness  -  Undueness,  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Gull -Hyperbole,  Length -Short- 
ness, Toil-Relaxation;  at  a  stretch,  Continuity- 
Interruption;  mind  on  the  stretch,  Reflection- 
Vacancy;  on  the  stretch,  Toil-Relaxation;  stretch 
a  point,  Conventionality-Unconventionality, 
Dueness -Undueness,  Duty -Immunity,  Gull- 
Hyperbole,  Harshness-Mildness,  Leave-Pro- 
hibition, Observance-Nonobservance,  Trans- 
cursion-Shortcoming;  stretch  away  to,  Remote- 
ness-Nearness; stretch  forth  one's  hand,  Action- 
Passiveness,  Taking -Restitution;  stretch  of  the 
imagination,  Fancy,  Gull-Hyperbole;  stretch  the 
meaning,  Interpretation  -  Misinterpretation  ; 
stretch  to,  Length-Shortness,  Remoteness-Near- 
ness; upon  the  stretch,  Heed-Disregard. 


stretch'-er.  A  frame  for  carrying  the  bodies  of  per- 
sons; a  support.  Conveyance-Vessel,  Suspen- 
sion-Support. 

strew.     To  scatter.     Gathering-Scattering. 

stri'-ae.        \  Furrows;  variegation.    Groove,  Variega- 

stri-a'-ted.  /     tion. 

strick'-en.  Afflicted.  Pleasure-Pain;  stricken  in 
years,  Infancy -Age;  terror-stricken,  Sangvink- 
ness-Timidity. 

strict.  Exact;  harsh;  orthodox;  conscientious. 
Conventionality  -  Unconventionality,  Harsh- 
ness-Mildness, Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Truth- 
Error,  Uprightness-Dishonesty;  strict  inquiry, 
Investigation-Answer;  strict  interpretation,  In- 
terpretation-Misinterpretation; strict  search, 
Investigation-Answer;  strict  settlement,  Prop- 
erty. 

strict'-ly  speak'-ing.  Being  exact.  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation,  Truth-Error. 

strict'-ness.         Exactness.  Harshness  -  Mildness, 

Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

stric'-ture.  Censure;  contraction;  hindrance.  Appro- 
val-Disapproval, Breadth -Narrowness,  Ob- 
struction-Help. 

stride.  A  step;  to  span  with  a  stride.  Movement- 
Rest,  Remoteness-Nearness,  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion. 

strides,  make.  To  advance.  Advance -Retrogres- 
sion; rapid  strides,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

stri'-dor.     A  harsh  noise.     Cacophony. 

strife.  Fighting;  angry  contention.  Strife-Peacb, 
Variance-Accord. 


STRIFE— PEACE. 


Action.     A  military  engagement. 

Affair.     An  unimportant  military  engagement. 

Affair  of  honor.     A  duel. 

Affrayment.     A  public  brawl  or  fight. 

Agonism.     A  contention  for  a  prize. 

Appeal  to  arms,  etc.     A  resort  to  6ghting  as  a  final  means.     See 

Fighting. 
Athletics.     Games  and   sports  that  depend   wholly  or  partly   on 

physical  strength. 
Battle.     A  combat  or  conflict  between  two  hostile  forces. 
Battle-royal.     A  battle  hotly  contested. 
Belligerency.     The  state  of  being  engaged  in  legitimate  war. 
Bone  of  contention,  etc.     A  subject  of  contention  or  quarrel.     See 

Varianch. 
Bout.     A  single  round  or  turn ,  as  at  a  game. 


Amity,  etc.     Friendly  relations,  etc.     See  Amit^  . 

Harmony,  etc.     Hearty  cooperation,  etc.     See  Variance-Accord. 

Neutrality.     State  of  inaction  for  or  against  something:   state  of 

peace. 
Pacification.     Act  of  making  peaceful. 
Peace.     Freedom  from  strife. 

Tranquillity,  etc.     Quietness,  etc.     See  Movement-Rest. 
Truce,  etc.     Suspension  of  hostilities  for  a  time,  etc.       SeeFiGHTlNO- 

CONCILIATION. 

Peace — Associated  Nouns. 

Calumet  of  peace.     The  pipe  of  peace. 

Pipe  of  peace.     A  pipe  smoked  in  turn  by  the  Indians  to  expreaa4 
friendship. 


STRIFE. 


1015 


STRIFE. 


STRIFE—  PEACE— Continued. 


Boxing.     The  act  or  practise  of  sparring. 

Brabble.     A  paltry  dispute. 

Brigue.     Strife;  contention. 

Broil.     A  noisy  quarrel. 

Brush.     A  short,  spirited  fight. 

Bull-fight.     A  combat  in  an  artna  between  men  and  bulls. 

Bush-fighting.     Fighting  under  the  cover  of  bushes  or  trees. 

Clash  of  arms.     A  conflict. 

Collision.     A  violent  contact  of  forces  or  views. 

Colluctation.     A  struggling  together. 

Combat.     A  contest  conducted  by  blows.   - 

Combati  veness.     Quickness  to  engage  in  conflict  or  dispute. 

Competition.       Striving  for  something  that  is  sought  by  another  at 

the  same  time. 
ConcouTs  [F.].     A  conflict. 
Conflict.     A  struggle  to  resist  or  overcome. 
Contention.     Strife;  dispute. 
Contest.     A  struggle  for  supremacy. 
Contestation.     Dispute;  strife. 
Controversy.     Debate  or  disputation. 
Comvalry.     |  Ri     , 
Corrivalship.  > 
Death-struggle.      A  struggle  in  which  one  of  the  parties  is  put  to 

death. 
Debate.     Argumentation  for  and  against. 
Digladiatton.     A  combat  with  swords. 

Duel.     A  combat  fought  with  deadly  weapons  between  two  persons. 
Duello  [It."|.     The  practise  of  duelling. 
Encounter.     A  hostile  meeting. 
Engagement.     An  entering  into  or  being  in  conflict. 
Event.     A  proceeding  in  a  series  of  games  or  sports. 
Fight.     An  attempt  by  adversaries  to  overcome,  injure,  or  destroy 

each  other. 
Fisticuffs.     A  pugilistic  encounter. 
Fracas,  etc.     Ageneral  fight.     See  Variance. 
Fray.     A  disturbance  of  the  peace. 
Free  fight.     A  fight  engaged  in  by  a  number  of  persons. 
Games  of  skill,  etc.     Contests  for  recreation*  amusement,  or  profit. 

See  Entertainment. 
Gladiatorship.     The  occupation  of  a  gladiator. 
Gymnastics.     Exercises  in  a  gymnasium. 
Handicap.     A  race  or  contest  in  which  inferiors  are  given  certain 

advantages. 
Hand-to-hand  fight.     A  contest  or  struggle  in  which  the  contestants 

are  so  close  as  to  touch  each  other. 
Hard  knocks.     Blows  with  the  fist  or  a  weapon. 
Heat.     A  single  course  or  division  of  a  race. 
High  words.     A  quarrel. 

Horse-racing.     A  running  race  of  mounted  horses. 
Hostile  meeting.     A  conflict. 
Joust.      A    tilting-match    between    mounted    knights  with    blunt 

lances. 
Litigation.     A  controversy  that  must  be  decided  upon  evidence. 
Logomachy.     A  wordy  contest  without  deeds. 
Luctation.     A  struggle  for  success. 
Match.     A  contest  of  skill  or  strength. 
Melee.     A  general  hand-to-hand  fight. 
Mill.     A  pugilistic  combat. 
Monomachy.     A  duel. 
Naumachia.     A  mock  sea-fight. 
Naval  engagement.     A  battle  between  ships. 

Opposition,  etc.     Attempt  to  obstruct  or  defeat.     See  Antagonism. 
Paper  war.     A  dispute  carried  on  in  printed  articles  in  newspapers. 
Passage  d" amies  [F.].     A  passage  of  arms. 
Passage  ot  arms.     A  personal  encounter. 
Pitched  battle.      A  battle  carried  on  by  armies  set  in  orderly  array 

and  fully  prepared. 
Polemics.     The  art  of  controversy  or  disputation. 
Prize-fighting.     A  fight  between  professional  pugilists  for  a  wager 

or  prize. 
Pugilism.     The  practise  of  fighting-  with  the  fists. 
Pugnacity.     Quarrelsome  disposition. 
Quarter-staff.     A  contest  carried  on  with  stout  sticks  or  staves  about 

6  H  feet  long. 
Race.     A  competitive  trial  of  speed. 
Regatta.     A  series  of  rowing  or  sailing  races. 
Rencontre  [F.].     An  encounter. 
Rencounter.     A  sudden  hostile  collision. 
Rivalry      Competition. 

Round.     A  single  bout  of  wrestlers  or  pugilists. 
Running  fight.     A  fight  engaged  in  while  running  or  chasing. 
Scramble.     A  rude,  disorderly  struggle  or  strife. 
Scrimmage.     A  rough-and-tumble  contest. 


PEACE — Associated  Nouns — Continued. 

Piping  times  of  peace.     The  times  of  pipe-music  rather  than  of  mar- 
tial music. 
Quiet  life.     A  life  of  retirement  and  peace. 

Peace—  Verbal  Expressions. 

Be  at  peace;    keep  the  peace,  etc.    (see  Variance-Accord);  make 
peace, etc.  (see  Fighting-Conciliation). 

P  E  ac  e — A  djectives . 
Bloodless.     Not  attended  by  the  shedding  of  blood. 
Calm.     Free  from  violent  agitation  or  noise. 
Halcyon.     Calm,  in  an  interval  among  storms. 
Pacific.     Disposed  to  rrake  peace. 
Peaceable.     Not  disposed  to  engage  in  quarrels ,  etc. 
Peaceful.     Exempt  from  commotion. 
Tranquil.     Not  agitated. 
Untroubled.     Not  troubled. 


Peace- 
The  lion  lies  down  with  the  lamb. 
The  storm  blown  over. 


-Phrases. 


STRIFE— Continued. 

Scuffle.     A  disorderly  struggle  carried   on   by  grappling,  pulling, 

pushing,  etc. 
Sea-fight.     A  fight  between  ships. 
Set-to.     A  bout  at  fighting,  or  anv  mode  of  contest. 
Sham  fight.     A  pretended  or  mock  fight. 
Sharp  contest.     A  hotly  contested  struggle. 
Shindy.     A  riotous  conflict  with  sticks  o*-  cudgels. 
Single  combat.     A  duel. 
Single-stick.     A  bout  with  cudgels. 
Skirmish.     A  light  engagement  between  small  parties. 
Spar.     The  act  of  sparring. 
Sparring.     The  practise  of  boxing. 
Sporting.     The  act  of  engaging  in  field-sports. 
Sports.     Athletic  or  outdoor  games. 
Stand-up  fight.     A  hand-to-hand  fight. 
Steeplechase.     A  race  on   horseback  in  which  fences,  ditches,  and 

other  obstacles  must  be  leaped. 
Strife.     Angry  contention ;  hostile  struggling. 
Struggle.     A  labored  contest  against  opposition  or  difficulty. 
Struggle  for  life  or  death.     A  struggle  in  which  one's  life  may  be  lost. 
Tauromachy.     Bull-fightipg. 
Tilt.     A  mock  contest  with  lances. 
Tilting.     Tilt. 
Tournament.     A  pageant  in  which  two  opposing  parties  of  men  in 

armor  contended  with  blunted  weapons. 
Tourney.     A  tournament. 

Triangular  duel.     A  fight  engaged  in  by  three  persons. 
Tug  of  war.     A  contest  in  which  a  number  of  persons  at  one  end  of  a 

rope  pull  against  a  similar  number  at  the  other  end. 
Tussle.     A  disorderly  struggle. 
Velitation.     A  slight  skirmish  or  contest. 
War  of  words.     A  wordy  dispute . 
Wrestling.     The  sport  in  which  two  personscontest.eachattempting 

to  throw  the  other  to  the  ground. 

Strife — Associated  Nouns. 
Armageddon..    A  plain  in  Palestine   noted  for  Israelitish  victories 

and  disasters. 
Deeds  of  arms.     Remarkable  achievements  in  war. 
Derby  day.     The  day  of  the  annual  horse-race  instituted  by  tho 

Earl  of  Derby,  in  1780. 
Feats  of  arms.     Notable  warlike  achievements. 
Field-day.     A  day  devoted  to  athletic  sports. 
List.     A  jousting -field. 

Satisfaction.     That  which  is  accepted  as  a  reparation. 
Turf.     The  race-course. 

St  rif  e —  Verbs. 
Box      To  spar. 

Clapperclaw.     To  scold  vehemently. 
Contend.     To  strive  against  another. 
Contest.     To  enter  a  contest. 
Emulate.     To  have  a  desire  to  excel. 
Encounter.     To  meet  in  combat. 
Fence.     To  use  the  sword  in  the  practise  of  the  art  of  attack  and 

defense. 
Fib.     To  pummel  with  short,  quick  blows. 
Fight,  etc.     To  strive  for  victory,  etc.     See  Fighting. 
Justle.     To  strike  against  each  other. 


STK1KK. 


1016 


STRONG. 


Oppose,  etc.     To  set  some  force  against,  etc. 

Outvie.     To  excel. 

Reluct.     To  struggle  against  anything. 

Scramble.     To  strive  eagerly  for  something. 

Skirmish.     To  fight  slightly. 

Spar.     To  contest  with  boxing-gloves. 

Square      To  quarrel  or  fight. 


STRIFE— Verbs— Continued. 
See  Antagonism. 


Stave.     To  fight  with  staves. 

Strive .     To  contend . 

Struggle.     To  strive  desperately. 

Tilt.     To  contend  with  lances  on  horseback. 

Tussle.     To  scuffle. 

Wrangle,  etc.     To  quarrel  angrily,  etc.     See  Variance. 

Wrestle.     To  try  to  put  each  other  down. 


Strife — Verbal  Expressions. 


Appeal  to  arms,  etc.  (see  Fighting);  bandy  with;  break  the  peace; 
buckle  with;  close  with;  come  to  blows;  come  to  the  scratch; 
compete  with;  contend  for;  contend  with;  cope  with;  couch 
one's  lance;  engage  with;  enter  the  lists;  exchange  blows;  ex- 
change fisticuffs;  exchange  shots;  fall  foul  of;  give  satisfaction; 
go  to  loggerheads;     grapple  with;    have  a  brush  with,  etc.    (see 


Nouns);  have  a  tilt  with;  insist  upon;  join  issue;  lay  about  one; 
make  a  point  of ;  measure  swords;  meet  hand  to  hand;  pitch  into; 
race  with;  run  a  race;  run  a  tilt  at;  set-to;  stickle  for;  stipulate 
for;  take  up  the  cudgels;  take  up  the  gauntlet;  take  up  the  glove; 
try  conclusions  with ;  vie  with. 


Strife — Adjectives. 


At  issue.     Disputing. 
At  loggerheads.     Quarreling. 
At  war.     Engaged  in  fighting. 
Bellicose.     Disposed  to  make  war. 
Belligerent.     Engaged  in  legitimate  warfare. 
Combative.     Desirous  of  combating. 
Competitive.     Marked  by  competition. 
Contending,  etc.     Struggling  with.     See  Verbs. 
Contentious.     Fond  of  contention. 
Gladiatorial.     Pertaining  to  gladiators. 


Palestrical.  }  Pertai™ng  to  wrestling. 
Pugilistic.     Pertaining  to  pugilism. 
Pugnacious.     Disposed  to  fight. 

Quarrelsome,  etc.     Inclined  to  quarrel,  etc.     See  Favorite-Quar- 
relsomeness. 
Rival.     Having  opposing  interests. 
Together  by  the  ears.     Struggling. 
TJnpeaceful.     Not  peaceful. 
Warlike,  etc.     Eager  to  carry  on  war,  etc.     See  Fighting. 


Stripe — Phrases. 


A  verbis  ad  verbera  [L.].     From  words  to  blows. 
A  word  and  a  blow. 

Co-himhw    periculum   concordiam   parit  [L.].      Common  danger  pro- 
duces concord. 


Lis  litem  gcnerat  [L.].     Strife  breeds  strife. 
Litem  lite  resolvit  [L.].     He  settles  strife  by  strife. 
Mars  gratnor  sub  pace  latet  [L.l.     A  more  serious  war  lurks  under 
the  peace. 


strike.  To  hit;  resist;  arouse;  punish;  surprise; 
quitting  of  work;  geologic  term.  Agency,  Aston- 
ishment-Expectance, Excitation,  Geology,  Im- 
petus-Reaction, Insubordination -Obedience, 
Labor-Capital,  Recompense-Punition,  Repri- 
sal-Resistance; strike  a  balance,  Equality-In- 
equality, Medium,  Settlement-Default;  strike 
a  bargain,  Contract,  Exchange;  strike  a  blow, 
Action-Passiveness;  strike  a  light,  Heating-Cool- 
ing, Light-Darkness;  strike  all  of  a  heap,  Excita- 
tion, Sanguineness-Timidity;  strike  at,  Attack- 
Defense,  Impetus-Reaction;  strike  at  the  root  of, 
Creation-Destruction;  strike  dumb,  Vocaliza- 
tion-Muteness; strike  hard,  Vigor-Inertia;  strike 
home,  Attack-Defense,  Vigor-Inertia;  strike  in 
with,  Assent-Dissent,  Craft-Artlessness,  Imita- 
tion-Originality; strike  off,  Inclusion-Omission; 
strike  off  the  roll,  Admission-Expulsion,  Commis- 
sion-Abrogation, Recompense-Punition;  strike 
one,  Reflection-Vacancy;  strike  one's  flag,  Yield- 
ing; strike  out,  Creation-Destruction,  Design, 
Fancy,  Inclusion-Omission,  Mark-Obliteration; 
strike  out  something  new,  Fancy,  Revolution; 
strike  root,  Mutability-Stability;  strike  sail, 
Swiftness-Slowness;  strike  tents,  Arrival-De- 
parture; strike  terror,  Sanguineness-Timidity; 
strike  the  eye,  Heed-Disregard;  strike  the'first  blow, 
Attack-Defense;  strike  the  iron  while  it  is  hot, 
Opportuneness-Unsuitableness;  strike  the  lyre, 
Musician;  strike  the  mind,  Heed-Disregard; 
strike  up,  Musician;  strike  with  wonder,  Aston- 
ishment-Expectance. 

strik'-ing.  Very  noticeable.  Manifestation-La- 
tency; striking  likeness,  Astonishment-Expect- 
ance, Delineation-Caricature,  Likeness-Un- 
likeness. 

strik'-ing-ly.     Impressively.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

string.  A  tie;  cord;  fiber;  continuation.  Connec- 
tive, Continuation-Interruption,  Lamina-Fiber, 
Melody -Dissonance,      Union -Disunion;      string 


together,  Continuity-Interruption,  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization. 

stringed  in'stru-ments.  Instruments  with  vibrating 
strings.     Musical  Instruments. 

strin'-gen-cy.     Strictness.     Harshness-Mildness. 

strin'-gent.  Vigorous;  severe.  Coercion,  Harsh- 
ness-Mildness, Rule-License,  Vigor-Inertia. 

strings,  leading-.  Guidance.  Instructor-Pupil; 
pull  the  strings,  Dominance-Impotence,  Manage- 
ment; two  strings  to  one  bow,  Means. 

string'-y.  Fibrous;  tough.  Lamina-Fiber,  Tough- 
ness-Brittleness. 

strip.     A  long  thin  piece;   to  take  away.     Breadth- 
Narrowness,     Dress -Undress,     Lamina -Fiber, 
Taking-Restitution,  Theft. 

stripe.  A  long  thin  mark;  a  blow.  Length-Short- 
ness, Recompense-Punition,  Sign,  Variegation. 

strip'-ling.     A  mere  youth.     Infant-Veteran. 

stripped.     Poor.     Affluence-Penury. 

strive.  To  labor;  contend.  Strife-Peace,  Toil- 
Relaxation,  Venture;  strive  against,  Reprisal- 
Resistance,  Strife-Peace. 

stroke.'  A  movement;  tracing;  sudden  ill-health ;  an 
act.  Action-Passiveness,  Design,  Good-Evil, 
Health-Sickness,  Hurry-Leisure,  Impetus-Re- 
action, Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Sign,  Sue 
cess-Failure;  at  a  stroke,  Eternity-Instanta- 
neity;  good  stroke,  Design;  stroke  of  policy,  De- 
sign; stroke  of  the  pen,  Order,  Writing-Printing; 
stroke  of  time,  Eternity-Instantaneity;  stroke  of 
work,  Toil-Relaxation;  stroke  the  wrong  way, 
Smoothness-Roughness. 

stroll.     To  ramble.     Traveling-Navigation. 

stroll'-ing  play'-er.     A  traveling  actor.     Acting. 

strong.  Powerful;      energetic;      tough;      pungent. 

Astonishment-Expectance.  Emotion,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Perfume-Stench,  Pungency,  Savor- 
Tastelessness,  Strength-Weakness.  Toughness- 
Brittleness,  Vigor-Inertia;  by  a  strong  arm, 
Coercion;    smell  strong  of,   Perfume-Inodorous- 


STRONG. 


1017 


STUPIDITY. 


ness;  strong  accent,  Vocalization-Muteness; 
strong  argument,  Ratiocination-Instinct;  strong 
language,  Force-Weakness;  strong  point,  Rati- 
ocination-Instinct; strong  pull,  Toil-Relax- 
ation; with  a  strong  hand,  Determination-Vacil- 
lation, Ratiocination  -  Instinct,  Toil -Relax- 
ation. 

strong'-head"-ed.  Of  a  strong  mind.  Sagacity-In- 
capacity. 

strong'-hold".  A  fortified  place.  Attack-Defense, 
Release-Prison,  Treasury. 

strong'-mind"-ed.  Of  vigorous  intellect.  Sagacity- 
Incapacity,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

strong'-room".     A  treasure  house.     Treasury. 

strong'-scent"-ed.  Very  odorous.  Odor-Inodorous- 
ness. 

strong'-smel"-ling.     Loud  in  odor.     Perfume-Stench. 

strong'-willed".  Resolute.  Determination-Vacil- 
lation. 

strop.     A  razor-strap.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

stro'-phe.     A  division  of  a  lyric.     Poetry-Prose. 

strow.     To  scatter.     Gathering-Scattering. 

struck.  Hit;  beat.  Impetus-Reaction,  Recom- 
pense-Punition;  awestruck,  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance, Sanguineness-Timidity;  struck  all  of  a 
heap,  Astonishment-Expectance,  Emotion; 
struck  down,  Success-Failure;  struck  with,  Love- 
Hate. 

struc'-tur-al.  Pertaining  to  structure.  Condition- 
Situation;  structural  geology,  Geology. 

struc'-ture.  A  combination  of  related  parts.  Cre- 
ation-Destruction, Dweller-Habitation,  Or- 
ganization-Inorganization,  Proportion-Deform- 
ity, Texture. 

strug'-gle.  Toil;  conflict.  Difficulty-Facility, 
Strife-Peace,  Toil-Relaxation. 

strum.     To  make  noisy  music.     Musician. 

strum'-pet.     A  harlot.     Purity-Rake. 

strut.  To  walk  haughtily;  to  boast.  Bragging, 
Pomp,  Selfrespect-Humbleness,  Traveling-Nav- 
igation; strut  and  fret  one's  hour  upon  a  stage,  Act- 
ing, Life-Death. 

strych'-nin.     A  poison.     Remedy-Bane. 

stub'-bed.     Short  and  thick.     Length-Shortness. 

stub'-ble.  Remains  of  grain-stalks.  Increment- 
Remnant,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

stub'-born.  Enduring;  obstinate.  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy, Difficulty-Facility,  Hardness-Softness, 
Reprisal-  Resistance,  Strength -Weakness, 

Toughness-Brittleness;  stubborn  fact,  Entity- 
Nonentity. 

stub'-born- ness.  Obstinacy.  Toughness-Brittle- 
ness. 

stub'-by.     Blunt.     Length-Shortness. 

stuc'-co.     A  plaster.     Connective,  Cover-Lining. 

stuck.  (See  Stick.)  Fast;  in  difficulty.  Stuck 
fast,  Difficulty-Facility,  Mutability-Stability. 

stuck'-up".     Haughty.     Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

stud.  A  hanging-peg;  horses.  Convexity-Concav- 
ity, Conveyer,  Suspension-Support. 

stud'-ded.  Thickly  set.  Multiplicity-Paucity, 
Sharpness-Bluntness,  Variegation. 

stu'-dent.     A  learner.     Instructor-Pupil. 

studia  in  mores,  abeunt  [L.]  (stud'-i-a  in  mo'-riz, 
ab'-i-unt).  One's  habitual  pursuits  pass  over  into 
character.     Habit-Desuetude. 

stud'-ied.  Planned.  Predetermination-Impulse, 
Volition-Obligation. 

stu'-di-o.  An  artist's  workroom.  Contents-Receiver, 
Painting,  Workshop. 

stu'-di-ous.  Given  to  study;  earnest.  Education- 
Learning,  Purpose-Luck,  Reflection- Vacancy. 

stu'-di-ous-ly.  In  a  studious  manner.  Purpose- 
Luck. 


stud'-y.  A  subject;  room;  thought;  close  attention; 
first  sketch.  Contents-Receiver,  Copy-Model, 
Education-Learning,  Essay,  Heed-Disregard, 
Investigation-Answer,  Painting,  Purpose-Luck, 
Reflection-Vacancy;  study  nature  not  books,  Na- 
ture-Art. 

stuff.  Matter;  cloth;  nonsense;  trash;  to  overeat; 
press  into.  Adage-Nonsense,  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Contents-Receiver,  Cover-Lining,  En- 
largement-Diminution, Fasting-Gluttony,  Ma* 
teriality-Spirituality,  Materials,  Meaning-Jar- 
gon, Substance-Nullity;  stuff  and  nonsense,  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Meaning-Jargon,  Sub- 
stance-Nullity; stuff  in,  Injection-Ejection;' 
stuff  the  memory  with,  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness;  stuff  up,  Aperture-Closure,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud;  such  stuff  as  dreams  are  made  of,  Fancy, 
Substance-Nullity. 

stuff'-ing.  That  which  fills  or  closes.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver, Cover-Lining,  Perforator-Stopper. 

stuff'-y.  Badly  ventilated.  Heat-Cold,  Solidity- 
Rarity. 

stul'-ti-fied.     Made  a  fool  of.     Success-Failure. 

stul'-ti-fy.  To  make  a  fool  of.  Cooperation-Opposi- 
tion ;  stultify  oneself,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

stul-til'-o-quent.    Talking  foolishly.  Adage-Nonsense. 

stul-til'-o-quy.     Foolish  talk.     Adage-Nonsense. 

slultorum  parietibus  hcerent,  nomina  [L.]  (stul-to'-rum 
pe'-ri-et'-i-bus  hi'-rent,  nom'-i-na).  Fools' names  ere 
stuck  on  house-walls.     Publicity,  Sage-Fool. 

stum'-ble.  To  fall;  blunder;  fail.  Agitation,  As- 
cent-Descent, Skill-Unskilfulness,  Success- 
.  Failure,  Truth-Error;  stumble  on,  Discovfry, 
Rationale-Luck. 

stum'-bling-block".  A  hindrance.  Difficulty-Fa- 
cility, Obstruction-Help. 

stump.  The  part  left ;  a  soft  bar  used  in  painting;  to 
canvass.  Increment-Remnant,  Painting,  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness, Speech -Inarticulateness. 
Whole-Part;  stir  your  stumps,  Activity  -  Indo- 
lence; stump  along,  Swiftness  -  Slowness;  worn 
to  the  stump,  Betterment-Deterioration. 

stump  or'a-tor.  A  political  canvasser.  Speech-Inar- 
ticulateness. 

stump'-y.  Short.  Length-Shortness,  Proportion- 
Deformity. 

stun.  To  render  senseless;  deafen;  astound.  Aston- 
ishment-Expectance, Excitation,  Expectation- 
Surprise,  Feeling-Insensibility,  Hearing-Deaf- 
ness, Loudness-Faintness,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

stung.     Wounded.     Stung  to  the  quick,  Excitation. 

stunned.     Deafened.     Hearing-Deafness. 

stunt.  To  check  the  growth  of.  Length-Short- 
ness. 

stunt'-ed.  Small.  Enlargement-Diminution,  Great- 
ness-Littleness. 

stupe.     A  bandage.     Alleviation-Aggravation. 

stu  -pe-fac'-tion.  Stupor.  Astonishment-Expect- 
ance, Excitability-Inexcitability,  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy. 

stu'-pe-fied.     Astounded.     Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

stu'-pe-fy.  To  dull  the  feelings;  astound.  Astonish- 
ment-Expectance, Feeling-Insensibility,  Sensi- 
tiveness-Apathy. 

stu-pen'-dous.  Large;  wonderful.  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Greatness-Littleness,  Magnitude- 
Smallness. 

stu'-pid.  Dull;  tiresome;  credulous.  Credulous- 
ness-Skepticism,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness, Sagacity-Incapacity,  Wit- 
tiness-Dulness. 

stu-pid'-i-ty.  Slowness  of  apprehension.  Sagacity- 
Incapacity,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Wittiness- 
Dulness. 


STUPOR. 


1018  SUBJECTIVENESS— OBJECTIVENESS. 


gtu'-por.  Astonishment;  insensibility.  Astonish- 
ment-Expectance, Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

stu-pra'-tion.     Rape.     Purity-Impurity. 

stur-dy.  Strong;  resolute.  Persistence -Whim, 
Strength-Weakness;  sturdy  beggar,  Petitioner, 
Robber. 

stut'-ter.     To  stammer.     Speech-Inarticulateness. 

sty.  A  pig-pen.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Dweller- 
Habitation. 

Styg'-i-an.  Dark;  infernal.  Heaven-Hell,  Light- 
Darkness,  Virtue-Vice;  cross  the  Stygian  ferry, 
Life-Death;  Stygian  creek,  Heaven-Hell;  Stygian 
shore,  Life-Death. 

style.  Manner  or  method;  title;  diction;  fashion. 
Beauty  -  Ugliness,  Chronology  -  Anachronism, 
Condition -Situation,  Engraving,  Name- Misno- 
mer, Painting,  Rhetoric,  Society -Ludicrous- 
ness,  Styl3,  Writing-Printing. 

STYLE 

Authorship.     The  state,  quality,  or  function  of  an  author. 

Choice  of  words.     Mastery  shown  in  the  use  of  language. 

Command  of  language,  etc  Power  to  use  good  language.  See 
Speech. 

Composition.  General  structural  arrangement  of  a  literary  pro- 
duction. 

Diction.     The  use  or  manner  of  using  words. 

La  morgue  lilteraire  [F.].     Literary  style. 

Literary  power.     Ability  to  write  well. 

Manner.     Characteristic  style. 

Mode  of  expression.  The  way  in  which  a  thought  or  sentiment  is 
expressed. 

Pen  of  a  ready  writer.     Easy  flowing  style. 

Phraseology.     Choice  and  arrangement  of  words  and  phrases 

Ready  pen.     Good  quality  of  composition. 

Strain.     Prevailing  manner  of  expression  or  thought. 

Style.  Distinctive  and  characteristic  diction:  suitable  choice  and 
mode  of  expressing  thought. 

Wording.     Mode  of  expressing  in  words. 

Style — Verbs. 
Express  by  words,  etc.     To  set  forth  or  declare.     See  Phrase. 
Write.     To  compose  or  produce  a  literary  work. 

style  est  I'homme  meme,  le  [F.J  (stll  6  lorn  mem,  lo). 
The  style  is  the  man  himself.  Universality-Par- 
ticularity, Writing-Printing. 

sty'-let.  A  little  style.  Perforator-Stopper,  Weap- 
on. 

sty'-lish.     Having  style.     Society-Ludicrousness. 

Sty-li'-tes,  Sim'-e-on.  Syrian  ascetic.  Sociability- 
Privacy. 

styp'-tic.  Efficacious  in  stopping  hemorrhage.  Sweet- 
ness-Acidity. 

sua'-si-ble.       Persuadable.       Readiness-Reluctance. 

sua'-sion.     Persuasion.     Motive-Caprice. 

sua'-sive.     Persuasive.     Motive-Caprice. 

suave,  mart  magno  [L.]  (swe'-vi  md'-rai  mag'-no). 
Sweet,  when  on  the  great  sea.  Security-Insecu- 
rity. 

suaviter  in  htodo  [L.]  (swav'-i-ter  in  mo'-do) .  Gently  in 
manner.  Excitability-  Inexcitability,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness. 

suav'-i-ty.     Urbanity.     Politeness-Impoliteness. 


sub.     Under.     Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

sub-ac'-id.     Moderately  acid.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

sub-ac'-tion.     Reduction.     Friability. 

su'-bah-dar.     A  viceroy.     Chief-Underling. 

sub-al'-pine.     Alpestrine.     Height-Lowness. 

sub-al'-tern.  A  military  officer  below  a  captain.  Bel- 
ligerent, Chief-Underling,  Gentility -Common- 
alty, Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

sub-a'-que-ous.  Under  water.  Deepness-Shallow- 
ness. 

sub-as'-tral.     Earthly.     Universe. 

sub"-au-di'-tion.  Supplying  what  is  not  expressed. 
Enlightenment-Secrecy.  i 

sub"-com-mit'-tee.  Under -committee.  Council; 
President-Member. 

sub-con'- tra-ry.     Somewhat  contrary.       Laterality- 

CONTRAPOSITION. 

sub"-cu-ta'-ne-ous.     Hypodermic.     Outside-Inside. 

sub'-dean".     Under-deacon.     Ministry-Laity. 

sub"-di-chot'-c-my.  A  subdivision.  Doubling-Halv- 
ing. 

sub"-di-ti'-tious.  Foisted  in.  Commutation-Permu- 
tation. 

sub"-di-vide'.  To  divide  into  smaller  parts.  Union- 
Disunion. 

sub"-di-vi'-sion.  A  separation  into  smaller  parts. 
Belligerent,  Whole-Part. 

sub'-do-lous.     Somewhat  sly.     Craft-Artlessness. 

sub-dom'-i-nant.  The  tone  below  the  dominant.  Mel- 
ody-Dissonance. 

sub-du'-al.     Subjugation.     Success-Failure. 

sub-duct'.     To  remove.     Addition-Subtraction. 

sub-duc'-tion.     A  removal.     Addition-Subtraction. 

sub-due'.  To  tame;  to  overcome.  Success-Failure, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

sub-dued'.     Rendered    gentle.     Excitability-Inexci- 

TABILITY. 

sub'-ed"-i-tor.     Under-editor.     Missive-Publication. 

sub"-i-ta'-ne-ous.  Sudden.  Eternity-  Instantane- 
ity. 

su'-bi-to.     Suddenly.     Eternity-Instantaneity. 

sub-ja'-cent.  Directly  underneath.  Height-Low- 
ness. 

sub'-ject.  Theme;  anything  or  any  person  subject; 
liable.  Chief -Underling,  Conception -Theme, 
Contingency,  Liberty-Subjection,  Meaning-Jar- 
gon; subject  matter,  Comparison,  Meaning-Jargon; 
subject  of  dispute,  Variance-Accord;  subject  of  in- 
quiry, Investigation-Answer;  subject  of  thought, 
Conception-Theme;  subject  to,  Certainty-Doubt, 
Modification;  subject  to  examination,  Investiga- 
tion-Answer. 

sub-jec'-ted.     Subdued.     Liberty-Subjection. 

sub-jec'-tion.  State  of  being  subject.  Insubordina- 
tion-Obedience, Liberty-Subjection,  Volition- 
Obligation. 

sub-jec'-tive.  Within  the  mind.  Materiality-Spir- 
ituality, Mind-Imbecility,  Subjectjveness-Ob- 
jectiveness. 

sub-jec'-tive-ness.  State  of  being  subjective.  Sub- 
jectiveness-Objectiveness. 


SUBJECTIVENESS— OBJECTIVEN'ERS. 


Aspects.     Look  or  particular  appearance  of  the  face. 

Backbone.    Something  likened  to  a  backbone  in  position  or  function. 

Capability,  etc.     The  quality  of  being  capable;  intellectual  power  or 

ability,  etc.     See  Might. 
Capacity.     The  power  of  receiving  and  holding;  adequate  mental 

power  to  receive,  understand,  endure,  or  accomplish. 
Character.     The  peculiar  quality,  or  the  sum  of  qualities,  by  which  a 

person  or  a  thing  is  distinguished  from  others. 
Constitution.     The  state  of  being;  natural  condition;  the  aggregate 

of  all  one's  inherited  physical  qualities. 
Crasis.     A  mixture  of  constituents,  as  of  the  blood;   temperament. 


Accident.     Any    non-essential    circumstance,    accompaniment,    or 

attribute. 
Extraneousness,  etc.     The  quality  of  being  outside  a  thing  and  not 

naturally  pertaining  to  it,  etc.     See  Constituent-Alien. 
Extrinsicality.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  extrinsic. 
Non  ego  [L.X     Not  I;  the  objective. 
Objectiveness.     The  state,  quality,  or  relation  of  being  objective. 

Object  i  vrness — Adjectives. 

Accidental.     Non-essential ;  not  necessarily  belonging. 
Adscititious.     Supplemental;   additional. 


SUBJECTIVENESS. 


1019 


SUBJECTIVENESS— OBJECTIVENESS. 


SUBJECTIVENESS— OBJECT  IV  EN  ESS— Continued. 


Declensions.  In  grammar,  the  inflections  of  nouns,  adjectives,  etc., 
according  to  the  grammatical  cases. 

Diagnostics.  That  part  of  medicine  which  has  to  do  with  ascertain- 
ing the  nature  of  diseases  by  means  of  their  symptoms  or  signs. 

Diathesis.     Bodily  constitution  or  condition. 

Ego  [L.l     I. 

Egohood.     Personality. 

Endowment.  Any  gift,  as  talent,  with  which  a  person  is  endowed  by 
nature. 

Essence.  That  in  which  the  real  character  of  a  thing  consists  or 
which  constitutes  its  nature;  that  which  makes  a  thing  what  it  is. 

Essentialness,  etc.  The  quality  of  being  essential,  etc.  See  Ad- 
jectives. 

Essential  part-     Indispensable  part. 

Features.  The  cast  or  structure  of  anything,  or  of  any  part  of 
a  thing;  the  whole  turn  or  style  of  the  body. 

Gist.     The  main  point,  as  of  a  question;  the  pith  of  a  matter. 

Grain.     Temper;  natural  disposition. 

Habit.  A  tendency  toward  an  action  or  condition,  which  by  repeti- 
tion has  become  spontaneous;  an  action  or  condition  so  induced; 
habitual  course  of  action  or  conduct. 

Heart.     The  central  or  vital  part  of  interest. 

Humor.     Characteristic  mood;  frame  of  mind. 

Idiocrasy,  etc.  That  temperament,  or  state  of  constitution,  which 
is  peculiar  to  a  person,  etc.     See  Inclination. 

Idiosyncrasy.         A  constitutional  peculiarity. 

Important  part,  etc.     A  part  which  is  necessary.    See  Consequence. 

Inbeing.     Inherence;  inherent  existence. 

Incarnation.  A  striking  exemplification  in  person  or  act;  personifi- 
cation. 

Inherence.     The  state  of  being  inherent  or  intrinsic. 

Inhesion.  The  condition  of  inhering  or  being  fixed  in  something; 
inherence. 

Intrinsicality.     The  quality  of  being  intrinsic;  essentialness. 

Lifeblood.     Figurative  for  that  which  gives  strength  and  energy. 

Marrow.     The  essence  or  best  part. 

Moods.  The  manner  in  which  the  action,  being,  or  state  expressed 
by  a  verb  is  stated  or  conceived,  whether  as  actual,  doubtful,  etc. ; 
denoted  by  the  form  of  the  verb. 

Nature.  Character;  constitution  or  quality  of  mind  or  character; 
inherent  or  essential  qualities  or  attributes. 

Peculiarities,  etc.  Special  and  distinctive  characteristics  or  habits, 
etc.     See  Universality-Particularity. 

Pith.  Vital  or  essential  part;  that  which  contains  the  strength  or 
life. 

Principle.  Fundamental  substance  or  energy;  a  fundamental  truth; 
a  governing  law  of  conduct;  in  chemistry  any  original  inherent 
constituent,  which  characterizes  a  substance,  or  gives  it  its  essen- 
tial properties. 

Quality.  That  which  makes  a  being  or  thing  such  as  it  is;  essential 
property. 

Quiddity.     That  which  a  thing  is;  essence;  nature. 

Quintessence.     The  most  essential  part  of  anything. 

Sap.  The  juice  of  plants;  hence,  any  fluid  or  humor  essential  to  life 
or  health;  essential  element. 

Soul.  The  incorporeal  nature  of  man;  the  essence,  heart,  or  ani- 
mating principle  of  anything. 

Spirit.  The  part  of  man  that  has  intelligence  and  is  invisible  and 
incorporeal;  animating  principle*   peculiar  character  or  quality. 

Subjectiveness.  The  quality  of  proceeding  from  or  taking  place 
within  the  thinking  subject;  the  quality  of  being  related  to  the 
mind  or  mental  world  in  distinction  from  the  outward  or  material. 

Temper.  Disposition  of  mind ;  quality  of  mind  with  reference  to  the 
passions,  emotions,  or  affections. 

Temperament.  A  special  type  of  mental  constitution  due  to  natural 
characteristics ;   constitution ;   make-up. 

Type.  Something  that  is  emblematic;  the  ideal  representation  com- 
bining essential  characteristics,  as  of  a  species. 

Subjectiveness — Verbs. 

Be  born  so.  Have  from  birth  a  certain  character. 
Be  in  the  blood.  Be  natural  to  one;  be  inherited. 
Be  intrinsic,  etc.     Be  inherent;    pertain  to  the  nature  of  a  thing  or 

person,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Run  in  the  blood.     To  be  characteristic  of  all  the  family. 

Subjectiveness — Adjectives. 

Bred  in  the  bone.     Intrinsic;  inherent. 

Characteristic,  etc.     Distinguishing;     marking,   etc.     See   Univer- 
sality-Particularity. 
Congenital.     Born  with  one;  existing  from  birth. 


OBJECTIVENESS— Adjectives— Continued. 

Adventitious.     Added  extrinsically;  not  essentially  inherent. 

Ascititious.     Supplemental;  not  inherent. 

Derived  from  without.     Acquired;  not  natural. 

Extraneous,  etc.     Not  belonging  to.  or  dependent  upon  a  thing;   not 
essential,  etc.     See  Constituent-Alien. 

Extrinsic.     Not  contained  in  or  belonging  to  a  body;  external;  unes- 
sential. 

Extrinsical.     Extrinsic. 

Implanted.     Planted  for  the  purpose  of  growth;  inculcated. 

Incidental.     Happening,  as  an  occasional  event;   accidental;  casual. 

Ingrafted.     Introduced;  set  deeply. 

Modal.     Characterized  by  form  or  manner,  irrespective  of  matter  or 
substance. 

Non-essential.     Not  essential. 

Objective.     Pertaining  to  an  object;  outward;  external. 

Outward,  etc.     Pertaining  to  the  exterior  of  an  object;  external,  etc. 
See  Outside. 

Objectiveness — Adverbs,  etc. 

Accidentally.     In  no  essential  manner. 

Extrinsically,  etc.     Outwardly;   externally,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 


SUBJECTIVENESS—  Adjectives— Continued. 

Congenite.     Inborn;   congenital. 

Connate.     Existing  from  birth. 

Derived  from  within.     Inborn. 

Essential.     Important  in  the  highest  degree;   containing  the  essence 
of  a  substance. 

Fixed.     Settled ;   established ;   unalterable. 

Fundamental.     Indispensable;   basal;  primary. 

Hereditary.     Deriving  by  inheritance;  passing  naturally  from  parent 
to  child. 

Immanent.     Inherent;  intrinsic;  subjective. 

Implanted.     Deeply  fixed;  instilled. 

Inborn.     Implanted  by  nature;  innate. 

Inbred.     Developed  from  and  in  the  nature;  innate. 

Incarnate.     Embodied  in  flesh. 

Incurable.     Remediless. 

Indigenous.     Native;  inherent. 

Ineradicable.     Incapable  of  being  rooted  out. 

Ingenerate.     Generated  within;  inborn. 

Ingenite.     Inbred;   inherent. 

Ingrained.     Worked  into  the  mental  or  moral  constitution  of;    in- 
fixed deeply. 

Inherent.     Permanently  existing  in  something;  innate. 

Inherited.     Received  by  birth;   derived  from  ancestors. 

Innate.     Inborn;  natural;  native. 

Instinctive.     Derived  from,  or  prompted  by,  instinct;  natural. 

Internal,  etc.     Inward;   inherent,  etc.     See  Outside-Inside. 

In  the  grain,  etc.     Infixed  deeply,  etc.     See  Nouns. 

Intrinsic.     Inward;  inherent;  essential;  genuine;  real. 

Intrinsical.     Intrinsic. 

Invariable.     Not  given  to  variation  or  change;  always  uniform. 

Inward.     Seated  in  the  mind,  heart,  spirit,  or  soul. 

Inwrought.     Worked  into  any  fabric  so  as  to  form  a  part  of  its 
texture. 

Natural.     Pertaining  to  the  constitution  of  a  thing;   essential;  char- 
acteristic. 

Normal.     According  to  an  established  rule  or  principle;  natural. 

Radical.     Original;   fundamental;  thoroughgoing. 

Running  In  the  blood.     Inherited. 

Subjective.     Proceeding  from  or  taking  place  within  the  thinking 
subject. 

Thoroughbred.     Bred  from  the  best  blood  through  a  long  line;  hencef 
high-spirited,  courageous,  etc. 

To  the  manner  born .     Familiar  with  something  from  birth.     [Shake- 
speare, Hamlet,  I,  iv.] 

Virtual.     Being  in  essence  or  effect,  but  not  in  form  or  appearance. 

Subjectiveness — Adverbs,  etc. 
At  bottom.     At  the  foundation  or  basis;  in  reality. 
Au  fond  [F.]      At  bottom. 
Eneffet[F.}      In  effect. 
Fairly.     Clearly;  openly;  distinctly. 
In  effect.     In  fact;  in  substance. 
In  the  main.     For  the  most  part. 

Intrinsically,  etc.     Essentially;  really;  truly.     See  Adjectives. 
Practically.     Really;  in  practise  or  use. 
Substantially.     In  substance;  essentially. 
Virtually.     To  all  intents  and  purposes;   practically. 


SUBJOIN. 


1020 


SUBSTANCE— NULLITY. 


sub-join'.     To  attach.     Addition-Subtraction. 

suV-ju-gate.  To  subdue.  Liberty-Subjection,  Re- 
lease-Restraint, Success-Failure. 

sub"-ju-ga'-tion.  Act  of  subjugating.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Excitation,  Liberty-Subjection, 
Success- Failure. 

sub-junc'-tive.  Pertaining  to  a  mood.  Addition- 
Subtraction. 

sub"-lap-sa'-ri-an.  After  the  fall.  Orthodoxy-Het- 
erodoxy. 

sub-la'-tion.  Removal.  Addition-Subtraction,  Nu- 
triment-Excretion. 

sub"-le-va'-tion.  Elevation.  Elevation- Depres- 
sion. 

sub"-lieu-ten'-ant.  Under-lieutenant.  Chief-Under- 
ling. 

sub'-li-mate.  To  elevate;  to  vaporize.  Elevation- 
Depression,  Heaviness-Lightness,  Liquefac- 
tion-Volatilization. 

sub"-li-ma'-tion.  Elevating.  Elevation-Depres- 
sion. 

sub-lime'.  Lifted  up;  exalted;  noble;  majestic. 
Beauty-Ugliness,  Force-Weakness,  Height-Low- 
ness,  Liquefaction-Volatilization,  Reputation- 
Discredit,  Unselfishness-Selfishness;  from  the 
sublime  to  the  ridiculous,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

sublime  an  ridicule,  il  n'y  a  qu'un  pas  du  [F. ]  (su-blim' 
o  ri-di-cul,  il  ni  a  lam'  pa  du).  From  the  sublime  to 
the  ridiculous  there  is  but  a  step.  Society-Ludi- 
crousness. 

Sub-Hm"-i-fi-ca'-tion.  Act  of  making  sublime.  Beau- 
ty-Ugliness. 

sub-lim'-i-ty.  Grandeur.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Force- 
Weakness,  Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

sub-lin"-e-a'-tion.     An  underlining.     Sign. 

sub'-lu-na-ry.     Beneath  the  moon.     Universe. 

sub"-ma-rine'.  Existing  under  the  sea.  Deepness- 
Shallowness. 

sub-me'-di-ant.  The  sixth  of  a  scale.  Melody-Disso- 
nance. 

sub-merge'.  To  plunge  under  water;  to  deluge.  Crea- 
tion -  Destruction,  Injection  -  Ejection,  Spring- 
Dive,  Water-Air. 

sub-merged'.  Plunged  under  water.  Deepness-Shal- 
lowness,  Spring-Dive. 

sub-mer'-gence.     Inundation.     Injection-Ejection. 

sub-merse'.     To  grow  under  water.     Spring-Dive. 

sub-mer'-sion.  Act  of  submerging.  Deepness-Shal- 
lowness,  Injection-Ejection. 

sub-min"-is-tra'-tion.  Act  of  subministering.  Ob- 
struction-Help. 

sub-mis'-sion.  Obedience;  meekness.  Excitability- 
Inexcitability,  Insubordination -Obedience, 
Selfrespect-Humbleness,  Yielding. 

sub-miss'-ive.  Yielding;  obedient.  Difficulty-Fa- 
cility, Excitability-Inexcitability,  Insubor- 
dination-Obedience, Selfrespect-Humbleness, 
Yielding. 

sub-miss'-ive-ness.  Obedience.  Insubordination- 
Obedience. 


sub-mit'.  To  yield.  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Insubordination -Obedience,  Liberty -Subjec- 
tion, Selfrespect-Humbleness,  Yielding. 

sub-mit'  to  ar"-bi-tra'-tion.  To  come  together  for  con. 
sideration.     Composition. 

sub-mon'-ish.     To  warn.     Advice. 

sub"-mo-ni'-tion.     Mild  rebuke.     Advice. 

sub-mul'-ti-ple.     An  aliquot  part.     Number. 

sub-or'-di-nate.  Secondary;  inferior;  subject.  Con- 
sequence -  Insignificance,  Liberty  -  Subjection, 
President-Member,  Supremacy-Subordination. 

sub-or"-di-na'-tion.  State  of  being  subordinate.  Lib- 
erty-Subjection, Regularity-Irregularity. 

sub-orn'.  To  instigate  to  perjury;  to  procure  a  crimi- 
nal act.     Buying-Sale,  Motive-Caprice. 

sub-poe'-na.     A  judicial  writ.     Litigation,  Order. 

sub-rep'-tion.  A  fraudulent  procuring.  Gain-Loss, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

sub-scribe'.  To  engage  oneself ;  to  pledge;  to  promise 
to  give.  Assent-Dissent,  Contract,  Giving-Re- 
ceiving,  Obstruction-Help,  Outlay-Income. 

sub-scrip'-tion.     A  giving.     Giving-Receiving. 

sub'-se-quence.  A  following.  Antecedence-Se- 
quence. 

sub'-se-quent.  Following  in  time  or  order.  Antece- 
dence-Sequence, Precedence-Succession. 

sub'-se-quent-ly.  In  a  subsequent  time.  Antece- 
dence-Sequence, Precedence-Succession. 

sub-serve'.  To  administer  to.  Instrumentality, 
Obstruction-Help,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

sub-serv'-i-ence.  Act  of  subserving.  Inclination, 
Obstruction-Help,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

sub-serv'-i-en-cy.  Condition  of  being  subservient.  In- 
strumentality,      Presumption  -  Obsequiousness. 

sub-serv'-i-ent.  Being  of  service ;  truckling.  Inclina- 
tion, Instrumentality,  Obstruction-Help,  Use- 
Disuse,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

sub-side'.  To  quiet  down;  to  sink  down.  Ascent- 
Descent,  Increase-Decrease. 

sub-si'-dence.  A  sinking  down.  Ascent-Descent, 
Increase-Decrease. 

sub-sid'-i-a-ry.  In  an  inferior  capacity;  auxiliary. 
Chief-Underling,  Inclination,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Use-Disuse. 

sub'-si-dize.     To  aid  with  money.     Outlay-Income. 

sub'-si-dy.  An  aid.  Giving-Receiving,  Outlay-In- 
come. 

sub-sist'.  To  have  existence;  to  continue.  Entity- 
Nonentity,  Life-Death,  Mutation-Permanence. 

sub-sist'-ence.  That  on  which  one  subsists.  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion. 

sub'-soil".  The  undersoil.  Ocean-Land,  Outside- 
Inside. 

sub'-stance.  Essence;  body;  matter;  nature;  prop- 
erty. Affluence -Penury,  Consequence- Insig- 
nificance, Materiality-Spirituality,  Quantity- 
Measure,  Substance-Nullity,  Texture;  in  sub- 
stance, Digest;  man  of  substance,  Affluence-Pen- 
ury. 


SUBSTANCE— NULLITY. 


A  being.     Whatever  has  consciousness. 

An  existence      That  which  is 

Article.     A  particular  commodity  or  substance. 

Body.     A  mass  of  living  or  dead  matter. 

Creature.     Every  living  being  except  God. 

Flesh  and  blood.     Human  nature. 

Hypostasis       A  groundwork-   a  fundamental  principle. 

Matter.     That  which  occupies  space. 

Object.     Something  perceived  by  sight. 

Person.     A  human  being. 

Plenum  [L.]      Fulness  of  matter  in  space. 

Something       Rome  matter  indefinitely  conceived  or  stated. 

Stuff.     Raw  material. 


Blank.     An  empty  surface. 

Cipher.     The  character  o  representing,  by  itself,  nothing,  a  person 

or  thing  of  no  importance. 
Hollowness.     The  state  of  being  an  empty  space  in  a  rigid  l>ody. 
Inanity.     Mental  vacuity. 
Insubstantiality.     Unsubstantial]  ty 
Mockery.     Vain  imitation;   false  show. 
Naught.     Nothing,  cipher,  zero. 


Ne'er  a  one. 
Never  a  one. 


Not  a  person. 


Nihility.     State  of  being  nothing. 
Nil.     Nothing. 
Nobody.     Not  a  person. 


SUBSTANCE. 


1021 


SUBTRACTED. 


SUBSTANCE— NULLITY— Continued. 


Substance.     Any  particular  kind  of  matter. 
Substantiality.     State  of  being  substantial ;  substauce. 
Substratum.     A  layer  or  stratum  lying  beneath. 
Thing.     Any  separable  or  distinguishable  object  of  thought. 
World.     The  earth  and  all  it  contains. 

Substance — Adjectives. 
Bodily.     Corporeal;   pertaining  to  the  body. 
Hypostatic.     Constituting  a  distinct  personality  or  substance. 
Personal.     Pertaining  to  a  particular  person. 
Substantial.     Having  real  existence ;  actual. 
Substantive.     Lasting;    relating  to  what  is  essential. 
Tangible.     Perceptible  by  touch;   capable  of  being  possessed. 

Substance — Adverbs. 
Bodily.     In  the  form  of  a  body;  in  one  mass. 
Essentially.     With  reference  to  the  essence  of  a  thing. 
Substantially,  etc.     In  substance;  essentially.     See  Adjectives. 


NULLITY — Verbs — Continued  from  Column  2. 
Melt  away.     To  change  from  a  solid  to  a  liquid  by  heat;   to  become 

lost  in  something  else,  as  a  view. 
Vanish.     To  disappear  suddenly  or  in  an  irregular  manner. 

Nullity — Adjectives. 
Airy.     Unsubstantial;  fanciful. 
Baseless.     Without  foundation. 
Blank.     Empty. 

Dreamy.      Indistinct;    appropriate  to  dreams. 
Empty.     Having  nothing  in  it. 
Ethereal.     Having  the  nature  of  ether;  spirit-like 
Eviscerated.     Deprived  of  the  entrails. 

Groundless.      Without  cause ,  reason ,  or  proper  support ;  false. 
Having  no  foundation.     Baseless. 
Hollow.     Having  a  cavity  within 
Inane.     Displaying  mental  vacuity. 
Nominal.     In  name  only;  trivial. 
Null.     Of  no  legal  force  or  effect. 
Shadowy.     Unreal;   unsubstantial. 
Ungrounded.     Groundless. 
Unsubstantial.      Not  substantial. 

Vacant.     Empty  or  unengaged,  though  usually  not  so. 
Vacuous.      Containing  no  matter. 

Visionary.      Impracticable;   existing  in  imagination  only 
Without  foundation.     Having  nothing  to  rest  upon. 

Nullity — Phrase. 
There's  nothing  in  it. 


None  in  the  world.     Nothing  or  nobody. 

Nonentity.     A  non-existence. 

No  one.     Not  a  person. 

No  such  thing.     Nothing. 

Not  a  particle.     Nothing  at  all. 

Nothing.     No  thing. 

Nothing  at  all.     Nothing. 

Nothingness.     State  of  being  nothing. 

Nothing  on  earth.  I  NulHt 

Nothing  whatever.-* 

Nullity.     That  which  is  of  no  effect;  want  of  existence  or  force; 

Thing  of  naught.     Nothing. 

Unsubstantiality.     Want  of  substance. 

Void.     Empty  space;  emptiness  in  a  figurative  sense. 

Zero. 

Nullity— Denotations. 

Air.     The  gases  surrounding  the  earth. 

All  moonshine.     Empty  nonsense. 

All  stuff  and  nonsense.     Empty  talk  without  sense. 

All  talk.     Talk  without  meaning. 

Baseless  fabric  of  a  vision.  Lack  of  reality.  [Shakespeare,  Ttm- 
pest,  IV,  i.] 

Bubble.     A  cohesive  liquid  filled  with  air  or  other  gas. 

Dream.     Thoughts  or  images  passing  through  the  mind  in  sleep. 

Flash  in  the  pan.  An  explosion  of  the  powder  in  the  pan  of  a  flint- 
lock musket  that  does  not  discharge  the  weapon. 

Fool's  paradise.  A  place  in  the  world  of  spirits  formerly  considered 
as  the  abode  of  vanity  and  nonsense. 

Ignis  fatuus  [L.].     The  will-o'-the-wisp. 

John  Doe  and  Richard  Roe.     Fictitious  plaintiffs  in  old  law  pleadings. 

Man  of  straw.  One  put  forward  as  an  irresponsible  tool  or  fraudu- 
lent surety. 

Nominis  umbra  [L.].     The  shadow  of  a  name. 

Phantom.     Something  that  exists  only  in  appearance. 

Shadow.     Something  having  a  false  appearance  of  reality. 

Such  stuff  as  dreams  are  made  of.  Passing  images.  [ Shakes, pe are, 
Tempest,  iv,  i.] 

Thin  air.     Empty  nonsense. 

Vox  et  preterea  nihil  [L.].     Sound  without  sense. 

Nullity — Verbs. 

Disappear.     To  go  out  of  sight. 

Dissolve.     To  become  disseminated  through  a  liquid;    to  come  to 

an  end. 
Evaporate.     To  change  into  a  vapor;  to  dissipate. 
Fade.     To  disappear  gradually,  as  a  color. 

{Continued  on  Column  1.) 


sub-stan'-tial.  Actual;  strong;  solid;  real.  Entity- 
Nonentity,  Materiality-Spirituality,  Solidity- 
Rarity,  Substance-Nullity,  Truth-Error;  sub- 
stantial meaning,  Meaning-Jargon. 

sub-stan' '-ti-al'-i-ty.  State  of  being  substantial.  Ma- 
teriality-Spirituality, Substance-Nullity. 

sub-stan'-tial-ly.  In  a  substantial  manner.  Subjec- 
tiveness-Objectiveness,  Substance -Nullity, 
Whole-Part;  substantially  true,  Truth-Error. 

sub-stan'- ti-ate.  To  establish  the  truth.  Dueness- 
Undueness,  Evidence-Counterevidence,  Truth- 
Error. 

sub'-stan-tive.  Expressing  existence.  Entity-Non- 
entity, Substance-Nullity,  Truth-Error. 

sub'-sti-tute.     One   who   takes  the   place   of  another. 
Alienation,   Commutation-Permutation,   Repre- 
sentative, Substitute. 
f 

SUBSTITUTE. 

Deputy.     One  authorized  to  act  for  or  in  place  of  another.     See 

Representative. 
Substitute.      One    who   or  that  which  takes  the  place  of  another. 

See  Commutation. 

sub"-sti-tu'-tion.  A  substituting.  Chemistry,  Com- 
mutation-Permutation. 

sub-stra'-tum.  That  which  is  spread  under;  the  sub- 
soil.      Lamina-Fiber,     Materiality-Spirituality, 


Outside-Inside,  Substance-Nullity,  Suspension- 
Support,  Top-Bottom. 

sub-struc'-ture.     A  foundation.     Top-Bottom. 

sub-sul'-to-ri-ly.     In  a  spasmodic  manner.    Agitation. 

sub-sul'-to-ry.     Moving  spasmodically.     Agitation. 

sub-sul'-tus.     Convulsive  twitching.     Agitation. 

sub-tend'.  To  extend  opposite  to.  Laterality-Con- 
traposition. 

sub'-ter-fuge.  A  false  excuse.  Craft-Artlessness, 
Ratiocination-Casuistry,  Truthfulness-Fabri- 
cation. 

sub"-ter-ra'-ne-an.  Under  the  earth's  surface.  Deep- 
ness-Shallowness. 

sub"-ter-rene'.     Under    the    earth.     Deepness-Shal- 

LOWNESS. 

sub'-tile.  Fine;  not  gross.  Heaviness-Lightness, 
Solidity-Rarity,  Texture. 

sub-til  '-i-ty.     Thinness.     Solidity-Rarity. 

sub"-til-i-za'-tion.  Act  of  making  subtile.  Solidity- 
Rarity. 

sub'-til-ize.  To  refine.  Ratiocination-Casuistry, 
Solidity-Rarity. 

sub'-tle.  Sly  in  design;  delicate.  Craft-Artless- 
ness,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

sub'-tle-ty.  Artifice.  Ratiocination-Casuistry,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity. 

sub-tract'.  To  deduct.  Addition-Subtraction,  In- 
crease-Decrease, Numbering. 

sub-trac'-ted-     Deducted.     Addition-Subtraction. 


SUBTRACTION. 


1022 


SUCCESS— FAILURE. 


sub-trac'-tion.  A  deducting.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Numbering,  Taking-Restitution. 

sub-tract'-ive.  Serving  to  diminish.  Addition-Sub- 
traction. 

sub'-tra-hend".  That  to  be  subtracted.  Addition- 
Subtraction,  Number. 

sub-treas'-u-ry.  A  branch  of  the  treasury  of  the  United 
States.     Treasury. 

sub'-urb.  The  outer  part  of  a  city.  Dweller-Habi- 
tation, Environment- Interposition,  Remote- 
ness-Nearness. 

sub'-urbs.  Outer  parts.  Dweller-Habitation,  En- 
vironment-Interposition. 

sub-ven'-tion.  Aid;  a  subsidy.  Giving-Receiving, 
Obstruction-Help,  Provision-Waste,  Suspen- 
sion-Support. 


sub-ver'-sion.      An    overthrow.     Creation-Destruc 
tion,  Elevation-Depression,  Reversal,  Revolu- 
tion. 

sub-ver'-sive.     Destructive.     Creation-Destruction. 

sub-vert'.     To  destroy;     overturn.  Creation-De- 

struction,    Elevation  -  Depression,     Evidence- 
Counterevidence,  Reversal. 

suc"-ce-da'-ne-um.  A  substitute.  Commutation- 
Permutation. 

suc-ceed'.  To  come  in  place  of  another;  to  follow  in 
order;  to  pursue;  to  prosper.  Alienation,  Ante- 
cedence-Sequence, Precedence-Succession,  Suc- 
cess-Failure; succeed  to,  Gain-Loss. 

suc-ceed'-ing.     Prospering.     Success-Failure. 

suc-cess'.  Prosperous  issue.  Success-Failure,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune. 


SUCCESS— FAILURE. 


Advance.     Forward  movement ;  progress.     See  Advance. 
Advantage  over.     The  condition  more  favorable  to  success. 
Ascendancy.     The  controlling  influence  or  power. 
Bold  stroke.     A  sudden  and  courageous  movement  or  effort. 
Checkmate.     The  final  position  in-  a  game  of  chess  by  which  the 

game  is  won. 
Conquest.     Acquisition  by  force. 
Continued  success.     Success  without  interruption. 
Coup  de  maitre  [F.\     A  master-stroke. 
Expugnation .     Act  of  taking  by  assault. 
Fortunate  hit.       1  A  stroke    f  ,uck    fortunate  achievement. 
Fortunate  stroke  J 
Good  fortune.     Something  good,  coming  as  if  by  chance. 

r     A    t    k    }  A  decisive  accomplishment. 

Half  the  battle.     Half  of  success. 
Hit.     A  stroke  of  luck. 

ffiSL-.U*"" bleaction- 

Master  of  the  position.  \  One  who  has  the  results  of  a  condition  or 
Master  of  the  situation./      event  under  control. 
Master-stroke.     A  stroke  showing  the  greatest  ability  or  genius. 
Mastery.     Superior  skill;  superiority  in  a  contest;  victory  in  war. 
Prize.     The  reward  given  to  the  victor. 

Proficiency.     An  advanced  state  of  acquirement      See  Skill. 
Profit.     Any  accession  or  increase  of  good.     See  Good. 
Speed.     Rate  of  progress. 
Stroke.     A  sudden,  effective  action. 
Subdual.     Act  of  subduing. 

Subjugation.     Act  of  bringing  into  a  state  of  submission.     See  Lib- 
erty-Subjection. 
Success.     Attainment  of  the  object  proposed. 
Successfulness.     The  condition  of  being  successful. 
Time  well  spent.     Time  in  which  success  is  gained. 
Triumph.     A  glorious  victory.  » 

Trump-card.     A  winning  card ;  a  good  stroke. 
Upper  hand.     The  advantage. 

Victory.     A  gaining  of  superiority  in  war,  struggle,  or  combat. 
Walkover.     Easy  or  unopposed  success. 
Whip- hand.     Advantage. 

Success — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Conqueror.     One  who  conquers  or  overcomes. 

Victor.     One  who  overcomes  another  in  any  kind  of  contest. 

Succ  ess —  Verbs. 
Accomplish.     To  bring  to  pass.     See  Completion. 

A \u. f  To  be  sufficient  for. 

Answer  the  purpose.* 

Attain  an  object.     To  get  an  object  by  effort. 

Attain  a  point.     To  get  to  a  point  bv  effort. 

Avail.     To  be  of  benefit  in  accomplishing. 

Baffle.     To  defeat  the  designs  or  efforts  of, 

Bear  away  the  bell.     To  capture  a  prize. 

Bear  fruit.     To  have  results. 

Beat.     To  gain  the  victory. 

Beat  hollow.     To  surpass  greatlv. 

Be  successful.     To  obtain  what  one  desires. 

B«  triumphant.     Be  gloriously  victorious. 

Break  the  back  of. \  n       .  .-     «  ^.     - 

Break  the  neck  of.  f  Break  the  force  w  trength  of. 

Capsize.      To  upset  or  overturn. 


See  Obstruction. 


Abortion.     Failure  before  maturity. 

Abortive  attempt,  t  An  attempt  to  accomplish  before  the  plans  are 

Abortive  effort.     J      mature. 

Affaire  ftambe'e  [F.J.     A  desperate  situation. 

Bankrupt.      \  Failure  to  pay  one's    debts.      See   Settlement-Db- 

Bankruptcy .  /      fault. 

Beating.     The  act  of  defeating;  defeat. 

Blow.     A  sudden  loss  or  misfortune 

Blunder.     A  heedless  or  stupid  mistake. 

Botchery,     Imperfect  and  bungled  work. 

Breakdown.     A  falling  to  pieces. 

Brutum  fulmen  [L.].     A  harmless  thunderbolt. 

Checkmate.     Complete  arrest;  final  defeat,  as  in  playing  chess. 

Claudication.     A  limping. 

Collapse.     Utter  failure. 

Dead  failure.     A  complete  failure. 

Death-blow.     Something  causing  ruin. 

Defeat.     The  act  of  being  thwarted  in  object  or  purpose 

Discomfiture.     A  defeat  that  confounds. 

Downfall.     Loss  of  position,  fame,  power,  influence. 

Drubbing.     A  sound  thrashing. 

Explosion.     Destruction;  refutation,  as  of  theories. 

Failure.     An  unsuccessful  attempt,  or  work. 

Fall.     Termination  of  power. 

False  step.     A  movement  that  causes  failure. 

Fault.     Something  ill  done. 

Faute.     A  fault. 

Faux  pas  [F.J.     A  false  step. 

Fiasco.     A  failure,  especially  of  a  play. 

Flash  in   the   pan.     Something  which    lasts    only  a    moment,    as 

that  of  a  gun  ;  an  abortive  attempt. 
Foolsmate.     In  chess,  a  certain  way  of  checkmating  which  ought  to 

be  prevented  easily  by  a  good  player. 
Footfall.     A  blunder. 

Frustration.     State  of  not  attaining  or  securing  what  is  sought. 
Ineffectual  attempt.)   .  -    .  ..    .  ,  ., 

Ineffectual  effort.     J  An  &ttemPl  oT  effort  that  fails- 
Inefficaciousness,  etc.)  Inability  to  produce  the  desired  results.     See 
Inefficacy.  /      Adjectives. 

Labor  in  vain.     Labor  which  necessarily  can  produce  no  results.     See 

Usefulness-Uselessness. 
Lame  and  impotent  conclusion.     A  failure. 
Losing  game.     A  plan  sure  to  fail. 
Lurch.     A  difficult  situation. 
Mess.     A  confusion ;  botchery. 

Miscarriage.     An  unfortunate  result;  a  failure,  as  of  a  plan. 
Mishap.     An  evil  accident.     See  Welfare-Misfortune. 
Miss.     A  failure  to  find,  succeed,  etc. 
No  go.     A  failure. 

Non-fulfilment. )  Inabnity  to  achieve  the  desired  result 

Non-success.     )  * 

Nonsuit.     Abandonment  of  a  suit  by  the  plaintiff. 

Omission.     Something  left  out. 

Oversight.     An  error  due  to  inattention. 

Overthrow.     The  act  of  throwing  down  by  force  or  violence. 

Perdition.     Utter  destruction. 

Quietus.     Death;  rest;  repose.     "Who  would  bear  the  whips  and 

scorns  of  time,  when  he  himself  might  his  quietus  make  with  a 

bare  bodkin."     [Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  III,  i.] 
Rebuff.     A  sudden,  often  contemptuous,  rejection. 
Repulse.     A  decided  refusal ;  rejection ;  denial,  etc. 
Rout.     A  disastrous  defeat. 


SUCCESS. 


1023 


SUCCESS— FAILURE. 


SUCCESS— FAILURE— Continued. 


SUCCESS— Verbs— Continued. 


Carry  all  before  one.     To  have  unimpeded  and  uniform  success. 
Carry  an  object.  I  To  gain   an  object  or  point  by  contest  or  adroit 
Carry  a  point.     J       movement. 

Carry  by  storm.     To  carry  by  a  violent  and  rapid  assault. 
Carry  the  day.     To  win  the  contest  of  that  day. 
Carry  the  palm.     To  be  superior. 
Carry  the  prize.     Win  the  prize. 
Cham  victory  to  one's  car.     To  be  a  victor. 
Checkmate.     To  defeat  by  a  skilful  maneuver. 
Circumvent.     To  gain  an  advantage  over  artfully. 
Come  off  successful.     To  accomplish  one's  desire. 
Come  off  well.     To  do  creditably  in  a  contest. 
Come  off  with  colors  flying.     To  be  triumphant. 
Confound.     To  benumb  or  confuse  the  mind. 
Conquer.     To  gain  possession  of  by  force. 
Contrive  to.     To  manage  to  do. 
Crown  with  success.     To  reward. 
Defeat.     Overcome;  overthrow;  beat. 
Discomfit.     To  defeat  so  as  to  confound. 
Distance.     To  outrun. 
Do.     Injure;  flog;  kill;  defeat. 
Do  for.     To  be  sufficient  for. 
Do  wonders.     To  do  remarkable  deeds. 
Drive.     To  strive  to  accomplish. 
Drive  a  roaring  trade.     To  carry  on  a  large  trade. 
Drive  into  a  corner.     To  force  into  a  desperate  situation. 
Drive  to  the  wall.     To  force  into  an  extremity;  to  force  to  yield. 
Drown.     To  overwhelm,  ias  if  with  water. 
Drub.     To  beat. 
Elude.     To  baffle  the  search  of. 
Find  one's  account  in.     To  find  profitable. 
Find  one's  way.     To  succeed  somehow. 
Floor.     Defeat;  vanquish  in  debate. 
Gain  an  advantage.  1 

Gain  an  object.  ;  ~        .     ,    .  _.        . 

Gain  a  point.  what  one  stnves  for 

Gain  a  victory. 
Gain  ones  end. 

Gain  one's  ends,     i  To  accomPlls"  one  s  purpose. 
Gain  the  ascendancy.     To  overcome. 
Gain  the  best  of.     \  ™     ,  , 
Gain  the  better  of./ Todefeat' 
Gain  the  day.     Win  the  contest  of  that  day. 
Gain  the  palm.  |  —  , 

Gain  the  prize./  To  wm  a  reward. 
Gain  the  start  of.        ~i 

Gain  the  upper  hand.  >Get  the  advantage  of. 
Gain  the  whip- hand,  i 
Gather  the  benefit.  \ 
Gather  the  fruit.       >To  secure  reward. 
Gather  the  harvest.  J 

Get  in  the  harvest.     To  reap  successful  results. 
Get  over  a  difficulty.  )  ™ 
Get  over  an  obstacle .  / 
Get  the  ascendancy  of.' 
Get  the  best  of. 
Get  the  better  of. 
Get  the  start  of. 
Get  the  upper  hand  < 
Get  the  whip-hand  t 

Have  it  all  one's  own  way.     Be  too  powerful  for  one's  opponent. 
Have  one  on  the  hip.     Have  one  at  one's  mercy. 
Have  the  ascendancy.     To  control. 

Have  the  ball  at  one's  feet.     To  have  under  one's  control. 
Have  the  best  of .    I  «,    ,       ,       ,    , 
Have  the  better  of.  f  To  *  ahead  of' 

Have  the  game  in  one's  hands.     To  be  able  to  control  the  result. 
Have  the  start  of.  \ 

Have  the  upper  hand  of.  f  To  ha^e  an  advantage  over. 
Have  the  whip-hand  of. J 
Hit  it.     To  be  successful  in  coming  upon. 
Hit  the  mark.     To  have  the  intended  result. 

Hit  the  right  nail  on  its  head.     To  say  or  do  exrrtly  the  right  thing. 
Keep  one's  head  above  water.     Keep  from  being  overcome  by  diffi- 
culties. 
Lick.     To  overcome  in  a  contest. . 
Make  a  hit.     To  make  a  favorable  stroke. 
Make  head  against.     Make  progress  against. 
Make  one's  fortune.     Acquire  wealth  or  position. 
Make  one's  way.     To  succeed  by  persistent  effort. 
Make  profit.     To  gain.     See  Gain. 
Make  progress.     To  advance.     See  Advance. 


overcome. 


h 


defeat  in  contest  or  debate. 


dof.  L 

(of.  ) 


Get  the  advantage  of. 


Ruin.     Irretrievable  injury. 

Scrape.     An  embarrassing  situation  resulting  from  one's  own  acts. 

Slip.     An  unintentional  error  or  fault. 

Slip  'twixt  cup  and  lip.     A  slip  at  the  last  moment. 

Smash.     The  act  of  suddenly  breaking  into  many  pieces. 

Split.     A  schism. 

Stalemate.     A  standstill,  especially  in  chess. 

Stumble.     A  false  step;  a  blunder. 

Subjugation.     Submission.     See  Liberty-Subjection. 

Successlessness.     Quality  of  being  unsuccessful 

Titubation.     The  act  of-stumbling  or  rocking  to  and  fro. 

Trip.     A  misstep  or  stumble. 

Vain  attempt.)   »  tr 

Vain  effort       )         attempt  or  effort  that  come,  to  nothing. 

Victim.     A  person  who  is  swindled  or  duped. 

Wreck.     Shattered  condition. 

Wrong  step.     A  movement  that  causes  failure. 

Failure — Verbs. 


)  be  beyond  all  hope  of  recovery. . 


Abort.     To  fail  of  development. 

Be  all  over  with.)  T   , 

Be  all  up  with.     J  io  l 

Be  defeated,  etc.     To  be  overcome.     See  Success. 

Be  unsuccessful,  etc.  To  fail  to  achieve  one's  object.  See  Adjeti 
tives. 

Bitch  it.     To  make  a  blunder  of;  to  botch  it. 

Bite  the  dust.     To  suffer  an  humiliating  defeat. 

Breakdown.     To  fail  in  health  or  strength. 

Break  one's  back.     To  ruin  one. 

Bring  to  naught.     To  cause  to  be  unsuccessful. 

Collapse.     To  fail  utterly. 

Come  off  ill.     To  be  unsuccessful  in  a  contest. 

Come  off  second  best.     To  be  second  in  a  contest. 

Come  to  grief.  To  turn  out  unfortunately.  See  Welfare-Mis- 
fortune. 

Come  to  nothing.     To  fail;  accomplish  nothing. 

Dash  one's  head  against  a  stone  wall.  To  make  a  foolish  attempt. 
[Stonewall  Jackson.] 

Dash  one's  hopes.  To  destroy  one's  hopes.  See  Expectation- 
Disappointment. 

Defeat  the  purpose.     To  cause  to  fail. 

Do  by  halves.     To  do  imperfectly. 

Do  in  vain.  To  do  something  which  necessarily  can  produce  no 
results . 

Drown.     To  be  overwhelmed,  as  if  with  water. 

End  in  smoke.     Fail. 

Explode.     To  be  found  false  or  incorrect. 

Fail.     To  prove  useless  or  disappointing. 

Fall.     To  lose  power,  position,  influence,  etc. 

Fall  a  prey  to.     To  become  the  prey  of. 

Fall  between  two  stools.  To  try  to  do  two  things  at  once,  and  fafl 
in  both. 

Fall  flat.     To  fail  to  interest  ***  impress. 

Fall  short  of.     To  do  less  than 

Fall  still-born.     To  be  doomed  from  the  start. 

Fall  through.  \  To  ^ 

Fall  to  the  ground. ' 

Falter.     To  show  physical  or  moral  hesitancy. 

Flash  in  the  pan.  To  be  momentary  and  abortive,  as  in  the  pan  of  an 
old  gun. 

Flounder.     To  stumble  or  struggle. 

Founder.     To  be  ruined,  as  if  like  a  sinking  ship. 

Get  into  a  mess.    ">  ™        ,  ,..  ,  .  .  ,   .t  .     ..«,     , 

n~*  :„*„  - I  To  8et  into  a  position  from  which  it  is  difficult  to 

Uet  into  a  scrape.  >       °. 

Get  into  troubl^  I      get  out' 

Get  the  wrong  sow  by  the  ear.  To  hit  upon,  the  wrong  person  or 
thing. 

Go  amiss.     To  go  improperly  or  erroneously. 

Go  cross.     To  go  perversely  or  contrarily. 

Go  hard  with.     To  be  a  strain  or  burden  on. 

Go  on  a  wrong  tack.     To  take  a  wrong  turn. 

Go  on  ill.     To  progress  poorly. 

Go  to  pot.     To  go  %p  destruction. 

Go  to  the  dogs.     To  go  to  ruin. 

Go  to  the  wall.     To  be  pressed  to  an  extremity;  to  fail  in  business. 

Go  to  wrack  an'*,  ruin.  To  fail  completely.  See  Creation-De- 
struction. 

Go  up  like  a  rocket  and  come  down  like  a  stick.  To  make  a  brilliant 
but  unsuccessful  attempt. 

Go  wrong.     To  turn  out  unfortunately. 

Halt.     To  be  in  doubt;  to  stop  suddenly. 

Hang  fire.     To  suffer  a  delay. 


SUCCESS. 


1024 


SUCCESS— FAILURE. 


SUCCESS— FAILURE— Continued. 


SUCCESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Make  short  work  of.     To  defeat  quickly. 

Hake  the  enemy  bite  the  dust.     To  defeat  severely. 

Manage  to.     To  bring  about. 

Master.     To  bring  under  control;  overpower. 

Nick  it.     To  strike  at  the  lucky  moment. 

Nonplus.     To  stop  by  embarrassment. 

Nonsuit.     To  order  the  dismissal  of  a  suit. 

Obtain  an  advantage.!  «,      . 

,,,,  .  .  ,  f  lo  win. 

Obtain  a  victory.         > 

Outdo.     Surpass;  excel.  » 

Outflank.     To  get  the  better  of  by  a  like  maneuver. 

Outgeneral.     To  surpass  in  the  advantageous  disposition  of  forces. 

Outmaneuver.     To  surpass  in  the  use  of  means  at  hand. 

Outvote.     To  have  more  votes  than. 

Outwit.     Defeat  by  greater  cunning  or  ingenuity. 

Overcome.     To  defeat. 

Overcome  a  difficulty.  )  Tq  succeed 

Overcome  an  obstacle.) 

Overmaster.     To  obtain  control  over  by  force. 

Overmatch.  1  Tq  ^        powerful  or  skilful  for. 

Overpower.  > 

Overreach.     To  obtain  an  advantage  over  by  trickery  or  deception. 

Override.     To  overcome  as  if  by  trampling  under  the  feet  of  one's 

horse. 
Overset.     To  cause  the  downfall  of. 
Overthrow.     To  throw  over  on  the  side. 
Prevail.     To  gain  the  victory  or  superiority  over. 
Prosper.     To  cause  to  succeed.     See  Welfare. 
Put  an  extinguisher  upon.     To  quench,  to  smother. 
Put  down.     To  repress;  crush. 

Put  hors  de  combat  [F.]      To  injure  so  as  to  be  unfit  for  fight. 
Put  one's  nose  out  of  joint.     To  defeat  one's  plans  or  purposes. 
Put  out  of  court.     To  defeat  in  a  lawsuit. 
Put  to  flight.     To  compel  to  flee. 
Put  to  rout.     To  defeat  utterly. 
Quell.     To  crush ;  put  down;  subdue. 
Reap  the  benefit  of.  "| 

Reap  the  fruit  of.       >To  derive  gain  or  success  from. 
Reap  the  harvest  of.) 
Reduce.     To  bring  into  subjection. 
Remain  in  possession  of  the  field.     To  be  undefeated. 
Roll  in  the  dust.     To  inflict  an  humiliating  defeat. 
Rout.     To  defeat  disastrously. 
Run  hard.     To  pursue  closely. 
Secure  an  object.)  ™  _   ..  , 

Secure  a  point.      /  To  accomPhsh  one  s  Purpose. 
Se  titer  d'affaire  [F.].     To  get  out  of  a  thing  successfully. 
Settle.     To  bring  to  a  conclusion. 
Shipwreck.     To  bring  to  ruin. 
Silence.     To  cause  to  be  silent  or  inactive. 
Sink.     To  ruin,  as  if  by  sinking 
Speed.     To  hasten  toward  a  conclusion. 
Stalemate.     To  bring  to  a  standstill  as  in  chess. 
Stem  the  current.*) 

Stem  the  tide.        >To  counteract  a  tremendous  influence  or  force. 
Stem  the  torrent.  ) 

Strive  to  some  purpose.     To  meet  with  a  measure  of  success. 
Subdue.     To  obtain  dominion  over  by  force. 
Subjugate.     To  conquer  and  retain  under  continued  pressure. 
Succeed.     To  attain  the  object  proposed. 

Surmount  a  difficulty.)  ,,, 

e     _        *  1...11'  lo  overcome. 

Surmount  an  obstacle.) 

Surpass.     To  defeat  in  a  contest. 
Swamp.     To  overwhelm,  as  to  sink  into  a  swamp. 
Take.     To  capture  by  force. 

Take  by  storm.     To  take  by  violent  and  rapid  assault. 
Take  effect.     To  have  effect. 

Take  the  wind  out  of  one's  adversary's  sails.     To  strip  him  of  his  re- 
sources. 
Tell.     To  produce  a  marked  effect. 
Tide  over.     To  surmount. 

Trample  under  foot.     To  administer  an  humiliating  defeat 
Trip  the  heels  of .  \  -,  .  .    ,  .. 

Trinuo  i        cause  to  make  a  misstep;  to  cause  to  fail. 

Triumph.     To  gain  a  glorious  victory. 

Trump.     To  impose  upon;  deceive. 

Turn  a  corner.     To  get  out  of  trouble. 

Turn  out  well.     To  succeed. 

Turn  to  account.  \  _    ,    .  ,  „     TT 

Turn  to  good  account,  f  To  denve  advantaKe  from-     See  Use. 

Turn  up  trumps.     To  turn  out  well,  as  in  playing  cards. 

Upset.     To  spoil;  disarrange ;  overthrow. 


FAILURE— Verbs— Continued. 


Have  the  ground  cut  out  from  under  one.     To  lose  one's  main  sup* 

port. 
Have  the  worst  of  it.     To  be  defeated;  to  be  beaten  in  a  bargain. 
Hobble.     To  walk  with  a  limp. 
Jump  out  of  the  frying-pan  into  the  fire.     To  go  from  one  evil  to  a 

greater. 
Knock  one's  head  against  a  stone  wall.     Make  a  foolish  attempt. 
Labor  in  vain.     To  perform  labor  necessarily  fruitless. 
Lick  the  dust.     To  be  defeated  to  humiliation. 
Limp.     To  walk  lamely. 
Lose.     To  be  defeated ;  to  incur  a  loss. 
Lose  ground.     To  fall  off  or  decline. 
Lose  one's  balance.     To  be  deprived  of  one's  support. 
Lose  one's  labor.     To  labor  ineffectually. 
Lose  the  day.     To  be  defeated. 
Make  a  blunder,  j 

■v,  .        „  *  *  [  To  make  a  stupid  and  awkward  mistake. 

Make  a  mess  of. 

Make  a  slip.         J 

Make  nothing  of.     To  fail  to  comprehend. 

Make  vain  efforts.     To  try  to  do  what  cannot  be  done. 

Miscarry.     To  fail;  turn  out  unfortunately. 

Miss.     To  go  wrong ;  to  fail  of. 

Miss  fire.     To  fail  to  discharge,  as  a  firearm. 

Miss  one's  aim.     To  fail  to  accomplish  what  one  strives  for. 

Miss  one's  footing.     To  slip  or  fall. 

Miss  stays.     To  fail  in  an  endeavor  to  tack,  as  a  ship. 

Miss  the  mark.  To  fail  to  attain  one's  object,  as  the  archer  or  gunner. 

Not  have  a  leg  to  stand  on.     Have  no  support  or  further  resort. 

Not  succeed,  etc.     To  fail.     See  Success. 

Reckon  without  one's  host.  To  neglect  important  matters  in  decid- 
ing. 

Roll  the  stone  of  Sisyphus.     To  perform  useless  labor. 

Run  aground.     To  come  to  a  standstill. 

Run  one's  head  against  a  stone  wall.     To  make  a  foolish  attempt. 

Sink.     To  fall  or  fail  slowly. 

Slip,     Lose  one's  footing. 

Slip  through  one's  fingers.     To  lose  unconsciously. 

Sow  the  wind  and  reap  the  whirlwind.  To  do  what  is  sure  to  receivo 
a  severe  recompense. 

Split  upon  a  rock.     To  go  to  ruin. 

Stick  in  the  mud.     To  come  to  a  standstill. 

Stumble.     To  make  a  misstep. 

Succumb.     To  sink  as  if  under  a  burden. 

Take  an  ugly  turn.     To  go  very  wrong. 

Take  a  wrong  turn.     To  go  wrong. 

Take  nothing  by  one's  motion.     To  work  in  vain. 

Titubate.     To  rock  to  and  fro. 

Toil  in  vain.     To  work  without  result. 

Topple  down.     To  fall.     See  Ascent-Descent. 

Trip.     To  make  a  misstep. 

Tumble.     To  roll  or  fall  down  by  losing  one's  footing. 

Turn  out  ill.     To  be  unsuccessful. 

Wash  a  blackamoor  white.     To  try  to  do  the  impossible.     [Bible] 

Work  ill.     To  be  unsuccessful. 

Failure — Adjectives. 
Abortive.     Failing  before  maturity. 
Addle.     Good  for  nothing;  weak;  idle. 
Aground.     At  a  standstill. 
All  up  with.     Without  hope  or  resource. 
Atfault.     Havingthe  fault. 
Bankrupt.      Unable    to    pay    one's     debts,   having    broken    one*» 

bank.     See  Settlement-Default. 
Befooled.     Swindled;  cheated;  gulled. 
Bootless.     Without  profit  or  advantage. 
Borne  down.     Having  sunk,  as  if  under  a  great  weight. 
Broken.     Crushed  in  feeling  or  spirit. 

Broken  down.     Ruined  or  wrecked,  financially  or  physically. 
Capsized .     U  pset ,  as  a  boat . 
Castaway.     Wrecked;  wasted. 
Crossed.     Hindered;  obstructed. 
Dashed.     Checked  or  discouraged. 
Dead  oeat.     Thoroughly  defeated. 
Dicousu  [F.].     Ripped. 

Defeated,  etc.     Beaten;  overcome.     See  Success. 
Destroyed.     Overthrown  ;  torn  down  ;  knocked  to  pieces. 
Disconcerted.     Confused  so  as  to  falter 
Dished.     Ruined;  cheated;  badly  used. 
Done  for.     Useless;  wrecked;  ruined. 
Done  up.     Tired  out ;  badly  used. 
Downtrodden ,     Oppressed . 


SUCCESS. 


1025 


SUCCINCT. 


SUCCESS— FAILURE— Continued. 


SUCCESS— Verbs—  Continued. 


Vanquish.     To  defeat  utterly  and  hopelessly. 

Victimize.     To  make  the  victim  of  a  fraud. 

Walk  over  the  course.      To  win  easily  by  going  through  the  form. 

Weather  a  point.     To  gain  anything  against  opposition. 

Weather  the  storm.     To  endure  the  opposition. 

Win  an  object.  I  Tq  obtain  one.g  desife 

Win  a  point.      ' 

Win  one's  spurs.     To  perform  one's  first  noteworthy  deed. 

Win  one's  way.     To  get  along  by  one's  own  efforts 

Win  the  battle.     To  gain  success. 

Win  the  day.     Win  the  contest  of  the  day. 

Win  the  palm,  j  successful 

Win  the  prize.) 

Work  one's  way.     To  defray  expenses  by  one's  own  labor. 

Work  well.     To  work  successfully. 

Work  wonders.     To  do  remarkable  work. 

Worst.     Defeat. 

Success — Adjectives. 

Crowned  with  success.     Rewarded  with  success. 

Effective.     Producing  effect. 

Felicitous.     Happy  in  operation  or  effect. 

Flushed  with  success.     Animated  or  elated  by  success. 

In  full  swing.     In  full  operation. 

In  the  ascendant.     Dominant  in  influence  or  power 

Prosperous.     Succeeding  in  efforts  to  gain  what  is  desirable      See 

Welfare. 
Set  up.     Caused  to  develop. 

Succeeding,  etc.     Accomplishing  one's  object.     See  Verbs. 
Successful.     Enjoying  success. 
Triumphant.     Gloriously  victorious. 
Unbeaten,  etc.     Always  successful.     See  Verbs. 
Victorious.     Having  gained  a  victory. 
Well-spent.     So  as  to  produce  results. 

Success — Adverbs,  etc. 

A  merveille  [F.fl.     Marvelously. 

Beyond  all  hope.     Hopelessly. 

In  triumph.     Successfully. 

Successfully,  etc.     Favorably.     See  Adjectives. 

Swimmingly.     Easily  and  gracefully. 

To  one's  heart's  content.     Aa  much  as  one  desires. 

To  some  good  purpose. 

To  some  purpose. 

With  flying  colors.     In  triumph. 


So  as  to  produce  successful  results. 


Success — Phrases. 

Bis  vincit  qui  se  vincit  in  victoria  [L.].  He  twice  conquers  who  con- 
quers himself  in  victory. 

Chacun  est  Vartisan  de  sa  fortune  [F.J  Every  man  is  the  architect 
of  his  own  fortune. 

Dies  faustus  [L.].     Lucky  day. 

Faber  est  quisque  fortune  suce  [L  J  Every  man  is  the  architect  of 
his  own  fortune. 

Flectere  si  nequeo  superos,  Acheronta  movebo  [L  ]  If  I  fail  to  bend 
the  powers  above.  I  will  move  Acheron. 

Fronte  capillato,  post  est  occasio  calva  [L.J  Opportunity,  though  she 
has  hair  in  front,  is  bald  behind. 

Omne  tulit   punctum  [L.J      He  has  gained  every  point. 

Omnia  vincit  amor  [L.J      Love  conquers  a1!  things. 

One's  star  in  the  ascendant. 

The  day  being  one's  own. 

Veni,  vtdi,  vici  [L.J     I  came.  I  saw.  I  conquered. 

Vincit  qui  patitur  [L.J     He  conquers  who  endures. 

Vincit  qui  se  vincit  [L.J     He  conquers  who  conquers  himself 


FAILURE — Adjectives — Continued. 

Failing,  etc.     Wasting  away.     See  Verbs. 

Flambe"  [F.J     Singed;  blazed. 

Foiled.     Rendered  ineffectual  by  counteraction. 

Foundered .     W  recked . 

Fruitless.     Without  results. 

Frustrated.     Having  failed  in  attainment. 

Grounded.     At  a  standstill. 

Hobbling       Lim  ping. 

Hoist  on  [with]  one's  own  petard.  Injured  by  one's  own  act.  [Shake- 
speare. Hamlet,  III,  iv  ] 

In  a  sorry  plight.     In  a  complicated  situation. 

Ineffective.     Not  producing  a  decided  effect. 

Ineffectual.     Not  producing  the  result  intended. 

Inefficacious.     Not  producing  or  doing  any  good. 

Inefficient.     Lacking  in  ability  or  skill  or  power. 

Insufficient.     Lacking  in  quantity  or  degree. 

Knocked  on  the  head .     Defeated ;  destroyed. 

Lame.     Having  a  halt  in  the  gait. 

Left  in  the  lurch.     Left  in  an  embarrassing  situation,  as  a  ship. 

Lost.     Not  won,  gained,  or  enjoyed. 

Nonsuited.     Having  one  suit  dismissed  in  court. 

Out  of  one's  reckoning.     Not  according  to  one's  plan. 

Overborne.     Crushed. 

Overwhelmed.     Overpowered. 

Played  out.     Worn  out. 

Ruined.     Irretrievably  injured. 

Ruined  root  and  branch.     Thoroughly  ruined. 

Sacrificed.     Lost  in  pursuing  an  object. 

Shipwrecked.     Ruined. 

Still-born.     Doomed  from  the  start. 

Stranded.     Helpless;  without  resources. 

Struck  down.     Suddenly  wrecked,  ruined,  or  killed. 

Stultified.     Given  an  appearance  of  foolishness. 

Successless.     Without  success. 

Swamped.     Overturned,  as  a  boat. 

Thrown  away.     Wasted. 

Thrown  off  one's  balance.     Confused;  discomposed;  disconcerted. 

Thrown  on  one's  back.     In  a  well-nigh  hopeless  position. 

Thrown  on  one's  beam  ends.     In  a  serious  or  hopeless  predicament. 

Tripping.     Almost  falling. 

Unattained.     Not  attained.     See  Success. 

Unavailing.     Not  availing.     See  Success. 

Uncompleted.     Not  finished.     See  Completion-Noncomplbtion. 

Undone.     Ruined;  brought  to  grief. 

Unfortunate.     Unsuccessful.     See  Welfarr-Misfortunb. 

Unhinged .     Unsettled. 

Unhorsed.     Defeated;  repulsed. 

Unsuccessful.     Not  successful. 

Victimized.     Swindled  or  duped. 

Wide  of  the  mark.  Far  from  correct,  or  from  one's  object  or  pur- 
pose. 

Wrecked.     Disabled;  nearly  ruined. 

Failure — Adverbs,  etc. 

In  vain.     Necessarily  to  no  purpose. 

Re  infecta  [L.J     The  business  being  unfinished. 

To  little  or  no  purpose.     With  few  results. 

Unsuccessfully,  etc.     With  failure.     See  Adjectives. 

Failure — Phrases. 

All  is  lost. 

Dies  infaustus  [L.J     Unlucky  day. 

Parturiunt  monies,  nascetur  ridiculus  mus  [L.J  The  mountains 
are  in  labor,  a  ridiculous  mouse  will  be  born.  [Horace,  Art  of 
Poetry,  139-I 

The  bubble  has  burst. 

The  devil  to  pay. 

The  game  is  up. 

Tout  est  perdu  hors  Vhonneur  [F.J  All  is  lost  save  honor.  [Fran- 
cis I,  of  France.] 


suc-cess'-ful.     Prosperous.     Success-Failure. 

suc-cess'-ful-ness.  Prosperousness.  Success-Fail- 
ure. 

suc-ces'-sion.  A  succeeding;  series;  right  of  acceding 
to  station  of  father.  Alienation,  Commutation- 
Permutation,  Continuity-Interruption,  Prece- 
dence-Succession, Recurrence;  in  quick  succes- 
sion, Frequency-Rarity  ;  in  regular  succession,  Pe- 
riodicity-Irregularity; succession  of  ideas,  Re- 
0* 


flection-Vacancy;  succession  of  time,  Period- 
Progress. 

suc-ces'-sive.    Consecutive.    Precedence-Succession. 

suc-ces'-sive-ness.  Consecutiveness.  Precedence- 
Succession. 

suc-cess'-less.     Unprosperous.     Success-Failure. 

suc-ces'-sor.  Succeeder.  Antecedence  -Sequencb, 
Predecessor-Continuation. 

suc-cinct'.     Terse.     Terseness-Prolixity. 


SUCCOR. 


1026 


SULPHUR-COLORED. 


suc'-cor.     To  help.     Obstruction-Help. 

suc'-cors.     Helps.     Obstruction-Help. 

suc'-co-tash.  A  dish  of  corn  and  beans.  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

suc'-cu-ba.     A  female  demon.     Jove-Fiend. 

suc'-cu-bus.     A  demon.     Jove-Fiend. 

suc'-cu-lent.  Juicy.  Liquid-Gas,  Nutriment-Ex- 
cretion, Viscidity-Foam. 

suc-cumb'.  To  sink  down;  to  die;  to  yield.  Success- 
Failure,  Weariness-Refreshment,  Yielding. 

suc-cus'-sion.     A  shaking.     Agitation. 

such.  Of  that  kind;  like.  Such  a  one,  Humanity; 
such  as,  Likeness-Unlikeness;  su«h  being  the  case, 
Condition-Situation;  suchlike,  Likeness-Unlike- 
ness. 

such'-wise".  In  a  given  condition.  Condition-Situ- 
ation. 

suck.  To  draw  in;  to  absorb.  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Giving-Receiving,  Nutriment-Excretion; 
suck  in,  Admission-Expulsion;  suck  the  blood  of, 
Taking-Restitution. 

suck'-er.     That  which  sucks.     Aperture-Closure. 

suck'-ing.  Drawing  into  the  mouth.  Admission-Ex- 
pulsion. 

suck'-le.     To  give  suck  to.     Obstruction-Help. 

suck'-ling.     An  unweaned  animal.      Infant-Veteran. 

suc'-tion.  A  drawing  by  exhausting  the  air.  Admis- 
sion-Expulsion, Might-Impotence. 

su'-da-ry.     A  sweat-cloth.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

ru-da'-tion.  Excessive  sweat.  Nutriment- Excre- 
tion. 

Eu'-da-to-ry.     Sudorific.     Oven-Refrigerator. 

sud'-den.  Quick;  unexpected;  abrupt.  Earliness- 
Lateness,  Eternity-Instantaneity,  Expectation- 
Surprise,  Lastingness-Transientness;  sudden 
and  quick  in  quarrel,  Favorite-Moroseness;  sudden 
burst,  Expectation-Surprise;  sudden  death,  Life- 
Death;  sudden  thought,  Predetermination-Im- 
pulse. 

sud'-den-ly.  Quickly.  Earliness  -  Lateness,  Eter- 
nity-Instantaneity, Lastingness-Transientness. 

sud'-den-ness.  Quickness.  Earliness-Lateness,  Eter- 
nity-Instantaneity, Lastingness-Transientness. 

su"-dor-if'-ic.     Sweat-producing.     Heat-Cold.     , 

suds.  Soapy  water.  Viscidity-Foam;  in  the  suds, 
Difficulty  -  Facility,  Lightheartedness  -  Dejec- 
tion. 

sue.  To  prosecute;  to  beg.  Litigation,  Petition- 
Expostulation. 

su'-et.     Fatty  tissues  of  kine.     Pulpiness-Oil. 

suf'-fer.  To  feel  pain;  to  undergo;  to  permit;  to  en- 
dure. Emotion,  Excitability- Inexcitability, 
Health-Sickness,  Leave-Prohibition.  Pleasure- 
Pain,  Sensuality-Suffering;  suffer  for,  Recom- 
pense-Punition;  suffer  punishment,  Recompense- 
Punition. 

suf'-fer-ance.  Permission.  Emotion,  Excitability- 
Inexcitability,  Pleasure-Pain;  tenant  on  suffer- 
ance, Holder. 

suf'-fer-er.     One  who  suffers.     Pleasure-Pain. 

suf'-fer-ing.  Allowing.  Emotion,  Pleasure-Pain, 
Sensuality-Suffering. 

suf-flce'.     To  be  sufficient.     Enough. 

suf-fi'-cien-cy.     Adequacy.     Enough. 

suf-fi'-cient.     Adequate.     Enough. 

suf-fi'-cient-ly.     Adequately.     Enough. 

suf'-fiz.  A  formative  element  at  the  end  of  a  word. 
Increment-Remnant,  Letter,  Precedence-Suc- 
cession, Predecessor-Continuance. 

suf-fla'-tion.     Inflation.     RivBR-Wmn. 

«uf'-fo-cate.  To  kill  by  stopping  respiration.  Excess- 
Lack,  Life-Killing. 

■uf'-fo-ca"-ting.  Becoming  choked.  Heat-Cold,  Per- 
fume-Stench. 


suf"-fo-ca'-tion.  Stoppage  of  respiration.  Life- 
Death,  Life-Killing. 

suf'-fra-gan.     An  auxiliary  bishop.     Ministry-Laity. 

suf'-frage.    The  right  of  voting.    Choice-Neutrality. 

suf-fuse'.     To  overspread.     Mixture-Homogeneity. 

suf-fu'-sion.  An  overspreading,  as  with  blushes.  Emo- 
tion, Mixture -Homogeneity,  Selfrespect-Hum- 
bleness. 

sug'-ar.  A  sweet,  crystalline  substance.  Chemistry, 
Convexity-Concavity,  Sweetness-Acidity. 

sug'-ar-loaf.     Conical.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

sug-gest'.  To  hint;  insinuate.  Advice,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Hypothesis,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness;  suggest  a  question,  Investigation- 
Answer;  suggest  itself,  Fancy,  Hypothesis,  Re- 
flection-Vacancy. 

suggeslio  jalsi  [L.]  (suj-jes'-ti-o  fal'-sai).  A  hint  of 
falsehood.  Truthfulness- Fabrication,  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood. 

sug-ges'-tion.  An  indication;  a  diffident  proposal. 
Advice,  Design,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Hy- 
pothesis, Meaning-Jargon,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness. 

sug-gest'-ive.  Stimulating  to  thought.  Account, 
Meaning-Jargon,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

su'-i-ci"-dal.     Self-destructive.     Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Llfe-Killing. 

su'-i-cide.     Killing  of  oneself.     Life-Killing. 

sui  generis  [L.]  (siu"-ai  jen'-er-is) .  Of  one's  own  kind. 
Conventionality-Unconventionality. 

suis,  el  j'y  resie,  j'y  [F.]  (sui,  6  zhi  rest,  zhi).  Here  I 
am  and  here  I  stay.  Determination-Vacillation, 
Mutation-Permanence. 

suisse  [F.]  (suis).     A  priest.     Ministry-Laity. 

Suisse,  point  d'argent  point  de  [F.]  (suis,  pwan-  dar- 
zhan' pwan- de).  No  penny,  no  paternoster.  Price- 
Discount. 

suit.  A  courtship;  to  correspond;  a  series  or  set ;  to 
agree.  Blandishment,  Continuity  -  Interrup- 
tion, Division,  Dress-Undress,  Harmony-Dis- 
cord, Litigation,  Propriety-Impropriety;  do 
suit  and  service,  Insubordination-Obediemce;  fol- 
low suit,  Imitation-Originality;  lawsuit,  Litiga- 
tion; love  suit,  Love-Hate;  suit  the  action  to  the 
word,  Earlinefs-Lateness,  Sign;  suit  the  occasion, 
Propriety-Impropriety. 

suit'-a-ble.  Opportune.  Harmony-Discord;  suitable 
season,  Opportunene  5S-Unsuitableness. 

suite.  Attendants;  a  set.  Chief-Underling,  Con- 
tinuity-Interruption, Predecessor -Continua- 
tion; suite  of  rooms,  Contents-Receiver. 

suit'-or.  A  legal  applicant;  a  wooer;  petitioner.  Liti- 
gation, Love  Hate,  Petitioner. 

sul'-ca"-ted.     Grooved.     Groove. 

sul'-cus.     A  narrow  channel.     Groove. 

sulk.  In  bad  humor.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

sulks.  Bad  humor.  Favorite-Moroseness;  Fa- 
vorite -  Quarrelsomeness. 

sulk'-y.  A  two-wheeled  vehicle;  sullen;  sour;  obsti- 
nate; morose.  Bigotry  -  Apostasy,  Contented- 
ness  -  Discontentment,  Conveyance  -  Vessel,  Fa- 
vorite-Moroseness, Favorite-Quarrelsomeness, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

sul'-len.  Obstinate;  sour;  gloomy;  ill-humored. 
Bigotry  -  Apostasy,  Charitableness  -  Malevo- 
lence, Favorite-Moroseness,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

sul'-len-ness.     Gloominess.     Favorite-Moroseness. 

sul'-ly.  To  injure  the  purity  of.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness, Reputation-Discredit. 

sul'-phur.     A  pale- yellow  substance.     Combustible. 

sul'-phur-col"-ored.  Yellowish.  Yellowness-Pur- 
ple. 


SULTAN. 


1027 


SUPERFICIAL. 


sul'-tan.     A  Mohammedan  ruler.     Chief-Underling. 

sul'-ta-na.     Wife  of  sultan.     Chief-Underling. 

sum.  Any  amount  of  money;  the  whole.  Money, 
Number;  sum  and  substance,  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Digest,  Meaning-Jargon;  sum  up,  Ac- 
count, Digest,  Numbering. 

sum'-less.     Incalculable.     Infinity. 

sum'-ma-ri-ly.  In  a  summary  manner.  Earliness- 
Lateness,  Terseness-Prolixity. 

sum'-ma-rize.     To  epitomize.     Digest. 

sum'-ma-ry.  An  epitome;  on  the  spot;  offhand,  in 
law;  concise.  Digest,  Earliness- Lateness, 
Lastingness-Transientness,  Law-Lawlessness, 
Length-Shortness,  Terseness-Prolixity;  sum- 
mary of  facts,  Account. 

sum-ma'-tion.     Addition.     Numbering. 

sum'-mer.  Warm  portion  of  the  year;  bright  period. 
Heat-Cold,  Morning-Evening,  Suspension-Sup- 
port; summer  equinox,  Astronomy;  summer  light- 
ning, Luminary-Shade. 

sum'-mer-house".  A  country-seat.  Contents  -  Re- 
ceiver. 

sum'-mer-set.     A  somersault.     Reversal. 

sum'-mit.  A  top.  Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Top- 
Bottom. 

sum'-mit-y.     Like  a  summit.     Top-Bottom. 

sum'-mon.  To  command  to  appear;  to  call.  Litiga- 
tion, Order;  summon  up,  Excitation,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness;  summon  up  courage, 
Bravery-Cowardice. 

sum'-mons.     A  call.     Litigation. 

sumtnum  bonum  [L.]  (sum'-mum  bo'-num) .  The  high- 
est good.     Good-Evil,  Pleasure-Pain. 

sumtnum  jus  [L.]  (sum'-mum  jus).  The  highest  right. 
Right-Wrong. 

sump.  A  foul,  swampy  pool.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Swamp-Island. 

sump'-ter-horse.     A  pack-horse.     Conveyer. 

sump'-ter-mule.     A  pack-mule.     Conveyer. 

sump'-tu-a-ry.  Pertaining  to  expense.  Money,  Out- 
lay-Income. 

sump'-tu-ous.     Luxurious.     Pomp. 

sum  to'-tal.     The  whole.     Whole-Part. 

sun.  A  heavenly  body;  something  of  importance. 
Astronomy,  Heat -Cold,  Light-Darkness,  Lumi- 
nary-Shade, Reputation-Discredit,  Universe;  as 
the  sun  at  noonday,  Certainty-Doubt,  Light-Dark- 
ness, Manifestation -Secrecy;  bask  in  the  sun, 
Sensuality -Suffering;  farthing  candle  to  the 
sun,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  going  down  of  the 
sun,  Morning- Evening,  Skill-Unskilfulness; 
Sun  of  Righteousness,  Divinity;  sun  oneself,  Heat- 
ing-Cooling; under  the  sun,  Extension-District, 
Universe. 

sun'-beam".  A  ray  of  the  sun.  Light-Darkness; 
sunbeams  from  cucumbers,  Possibility-Impossibil- 
ity. 

sun'-bow".  A  rainbow  formed  by  the  sun.  Varie- 
gation. 

sun'-burn".  Discoloration  of  the  skin  caused  by  the 
sun.     Heating-Cooling. 

sun'-burnt".     Discolored  by  the  sun.     Gray-Brown. 

Sun'-day.  First  day  of  the  week.  Sunday,  Monday, 
etc.,  Periodicity-Irregularity;  Sunday's  best,  Em- 
bellishment-Disfigurement, Pomp. 

sun'-der.     To  break  apart.     Union-Disunion. 

sun'-di"-al.  A  measuring  device.  Chronology-An- 
achronism. 

sun'-down".     Sunset.     Morning-Evening. 

sun'-dry.     Various.     Multiplicity-Paucity. 

sunk.  Fallen;  subsided;  depressed;  declined;  de- 
creased; immersed;  destroyed.  Ascent -Descent, 
Carefulness  -  Carelessness,  Cleanness  -  Filthi- 
ness,    Creation -Destruction,    Deepness -Shal- 


lowness, Elevation -Depression,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Lightheartedn  ess -Dejection, 
Pleasure-Pain,  Spring-Dive,  Success-Failure, 
Weariness-Refreshment,  Welfare-Misfortune  ; 
sunk  fence,  Attack-Defense  ;  sunk  in  iniquity,  Vir- 
tue-Vice ;  sunk  in  oblivion,  Expectation-Surprise, 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 
sunk'-en  rocks.     Rocks  beneath  the  water.     Refugk- 

PlTFALL. 

sun'-less.     Cheerless.     Light-Darkness. 

sun'-light".     The  light  of  the  sun.     Light-Darkness. 

sun'-ny.  Resembling  the  sun;  lighthearted-  Heat- 
Cold,  Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Luminary- 
Shade. 

sun'-ny  side.  Bright  side.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness;  view  the  sunny  side,  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness. 

sun'-paint"-ing.     Photography.     Painting. 

sun'-rise".     The  morning.     Morning-Evening. 

sun'-set".  The  twilight.  Morning-Evening;  at  sun- 
set, Earliness-Lateness. 

sun'-shade".  An  awning.  Cover-Lining,  Luminary- 
Shade. 

sun'-shine".  Shining  light;  a  cheering  influence. 
Light-Darkness,  Lightheartedness-Dejection,. 
Pleasure-Pain,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

sun'-stroke" .  A  sudden  prostration  occasioned  by  the 
sun.     Heating-Cooling,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

suo  periculo  [L.]  (siu'-o  per-ic'-yu-lo).  At  his  own- 
peril.     Duty-Dereliction. 

suo  sibi  gladto  hunc  jugulo  [L.]  (siu'-o  sib'-i  glfi'di-o 
hunc  jug'-yu-lo).  I  cut  this  with  his  own  sword. 
Proof-Disproof,  Reprisal-Resistance. 

sup.  A  mouthful  of  food.  Magnitude-Smallness. 
Nutriment-Excretion;  sup  full  of  horrors,  Pleas- 
ure-Pain. 

su'-per.     One  in  excess.     Acting. 

su'-per-a-ble.  That  which  can  be  overcome.  Possi- 
bility-Impossibility. 

su"-per-a-bound'.     Overabundant.     Excess-Lack. 

su"-per-a-bun'-dance.  Overabundance.    Excess-Lack. 

su"-per-a-bun'-dant.      Overabundant.      Excess-Lack. 

su"-per-add'.     To  add  over.     Addition-Subtraction. 

su"-per-ad-di'-tion.  Addition  to  addition.  Addition- 
Subtraction. 

su"-per-an'-nu-a"-ted.  Incapacitated  by  years.  In- 
fancy-Age. 

su"-per-an"-nu-a'-tion.  Incapacity  by  age.  Infancy- 
Age. 

su-perb'.     Imposing.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

su' -per-car'-go.  An  agent  sent  by  owners  of  cargo. 
Manager. 

supercherie  [F.]  (su-persh-ri') .  A  cheat.  Truthful- 
ness-Fraud. 

su"-per-cil'-i-ous.  Arrogant;  proud;  haughty.  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness, Regard-Disrespect, 
Regard-Scorn,  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

su"-per-cil'-i-ous-ness.  Arrogance.  Regard-Disre- 
spect. 

su"-per-em'-i-nence.  Overeminence.  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Reputation-Discredit. 

su"-per-er"-o-ga'-tion.  Something  superfluous.  Ex- 
cess-Lack, Usefulness-Uselessness. 

su"-per-ex"-al-ta'-tion.  Excessive  exaltation.  Repu- 
tation-Discredit. 

su"-per-ex'-cel-lence.   Overexcellence.   Goodness-Bai>- 

NESS. 

su"-per-ex'-cel-lent.  Overexcellent  Goodness-Bad- 
ness. 

su"-per-fe-ta'-t!on.  A  double  fetation.  Addition- 
Subtraction,  Fertility-Sterility. 

su"-per-fi'-cial.  Cursory;  shallow;  unlearned;  per- 
taining to  the  surface.  Decision-Misjudgment, 
Deepness-Shallowness,    Knowledge-Ignorancb, 


SUPERFICIAL. 


1028 


SUPREMACY. 


Outside-Inside;  superficial  extent,  Extension-Dis- 
trict, Thickness-Thinness. 

Bu"-per-fi'-ci-es.     A  surface.     Outside-Inside. 

su'-per-fine".     Very  fine.     Goodness-Badness. 

su"-per-flu'-ence      Overabundance.     Excess-Lack. 

su"-per-flu'-i-tant.  Floating  on  the  surface.  Ascent- 
Descent. 

;u"-per-flu'-i-ty.  More  than  needed.  Excess-Lack, 
Increment-Remnant. 

su-per'-flu-ous.  Unnecessary.  Increment-Rem- 
nant, Usefulness-Uselessness. 

su"-per-hu'-man.  Beyond  human  power.  Divinity, 
Faultlessness-Faultiness. 

su"-per-im-pose'.     To  put  on  above.     Cover-Lining. 

su"-per-imposed' .       Put     on     above.       Height-Low- 

NESS. 

su"-per-in-cum'-bent.  Resting  on  something  else. 
Heaviness-Lightness,  Height-Lowness. 

su"-per-in-duce' .  To  superadd.  Cause-Effect,  Cre- 
ation-Destruction, Mutation-Permanence. 

su"-per-in-tend' .     To  manage.     Management. 

su"-per-in-tend'-ence .     Management.     Management. 

su"-per-in-tend'-ent.  One  who  manages.  Manager, 
President-Member. 

su-pe'-ri-or.  Higher;  upper;  preferable;  a  chief .  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance, Enlargement- Dimi- 
nution, Goodness-Badness,  Manager,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit, Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

SU-pe"-ri-or'-i-ty.  State  of  being  superior.  Equality- 
Inequality,  Precedence-Succession,  Supremacy- 
Subordinacy. 

su"-per-junc'-tion.  Joining  together.  Addition-Sub- 
traction. 

su-per'-la-tive.  Consummate.  Adjective,  Suprem- 
acy-Subordinacy. 

su-per'-la-tive-ly.  Of  the  highest  degree.  Magni- 
tude-Smallness,  Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

su-per'-la-tive-ly  good.  Supremely  good.  Goodness- 
Badness. 

SU-per'-nal.  Higher;  celestial.  Heaven-Hell,  Top- 
Bottom. 

su"-per-na'-tant.  Swimming  above.  Ascent -De- 
scent, Height-Lowness. 

su"-per-nat'-u-ral.  Beyond  the  natural.  Divinity, 
Jove-Fiend;    supernatural  aid,  Obstruction-Help. 

su  -per-nu'-mer-a-ry.  Superfluous;  one  who  fills  the 
place  of  another.  Acting,  Excess-Lack,  Incre- 
ment-Remnant, Store. 

su"-per-pose' .  To  lay  upon.  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion, Cover-Lining. 

su"-per-po-si'-tion.  Act  of  placing  over.  Addition- 
Subtraction,  Cover-Lining. 

su"-per-sat'-u-rate.  To  add  beyond  saturation.  Ex- 
cess-Lack. 

su"-per-sat'-u-rat-ed.  Thoroughly  filled.  Excess-Lack. 

su"-per-sat"-u-ra'-tion.  Overabundance.  Excess- 
Lack. 

su"-per-scrip'-tion.  Address  on  a  letter.  Sign,  Writ- 
ing-Printing. 

su"-per-sede' .  To  displace;  to  render  itnnecessary. 
Commutation-Permutation,  Keeping-Relinquish- 
ment,  Use-Disuse. 

su"-per-sti'-tion.  A  false  religion.  Orthodoxy-Het- 
erodoxy. 

su"-per-sti'-tious.  Influenced  by  superstitions.  Cred- 
ulqusness-Skepticism,    Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

su"-per-stra'-tum.  An  upper  stratum.  Outside-In- 
side. 

su"-per-struc'-ture.  Any  upper  structure.  Comple- 
tion-Noncompletion. 

su"-per-va-ca'-ne-ous.      Unnecessary.      Excess-Lack. 

»u"-per-vene'.  To  happen;  to  come  as  something  ad- 
ditional. Addition-Subtraction,  Antecedence- 
Sequence,  Occurrence-Destiny. 


su"-per-ve'-ni-ent.  Following  closely.  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

su"-per-vise\     To  superintend.     Management. 

su"-per-vi'-sion.     Overseeing.     Management. 

su"-per-vi'-sor.     A  superintendent.     Manager. 

su"-pi-na'-tion.  Act  of  turning  palm  upwards.  Erect- 
ness-Flatness. 

su-pine'.  Lying  on  the  back;  inactive;  sloping.  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Carefulness -Carelessness, 
Erectness-Flatness,  Reversal,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

su-pine'-ness.  Inactivity.  Carefulness -Careless- 
ness, Heed-Disregard,  Indifference,  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy. 

sup-ped'-i-tate.     To  supply.     Provision-Waste. 

sup'-per.  Last  meal  of  the  day.  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion. 

sup-plant'.  To  displace.  Commutation-Permuta- 
tion. 

sup'-ple.  Easily  bent;  submissive.  Hardness-Soft- 
ness, Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

sup'-ple-ment.  A  supplying  of  a  deficiency.  Addi- 
tion-Subtraction, Increment-Remnant,  Whole- 
Part. 

sup'-ple-to"-ry.  Supplementing.  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion. 

sup'-pli-ant.  Beseeching;  one  who  supplicates.  Peti- 
tioner, Petition-Expostulation. 

sup'-pli-cate.  To  beseech  in  prayer.  Compassion- 
Ruthlessness,  Devotion-Idolatry,  Petition-Ex- 
postulation. 

sup"-pli-ca'-tion.     Entreaty.     Worship-Idolatry. 

sup-plies'.  That  which  is  supplied;  store.  Mate- 
rials, Money,  Obstruction-Help. 

sup-ply'.  To  provide;  to  give.  Giving-Receiving, 
Provision-Waste,  Store;  supply  aid,  Obstruction- 
Help;  supply  deficiencies,  Entirety-Deficiency; 
supply  the  place  ot,  Commutation-Permutation. 

sup-port'.  An  aid;  sustenance;  to  endure;  to  defend; 
to  show  to  be  true;  to  help;  to  keep  from  falling. 
Agency,  Conservation,  Emotion,  Evidence- 
Counterevidence,  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Instrument,  Justification -Charge,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help, Refuge -Pitfall;  support  life,  Life- 
Death. 

sup-port'-ers.     An  heraldic  device.     Sign. 

sup-po'-sa-ble.     That  may  be  assumed.     Hypothesis. 

sup-pose'.     To  believe.     Hypothesis. 

sup-po'-sing.  Assuming  for  argument.  Hypothesis, 
Modification. 

sup"-pc-si'-tion.     Conjecture.     Hypothesis. 

sup-pos"-i-ti'-tious.  Spurious.  Entity-Nonentity, 
Hypothesis,  Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

sup-pos'-i-tive.  Implying  supposition.  Hypothesis, 
Particle. 

sup-press'.  To  crush;  to  conceal;  to  restrain  from 
utterance.  Creation -Destruction,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Release -Restraint,  Vocaliza- 
tion-Muteness. 

sup-pres'-sion.     Hiding.     Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

sup-pres'-sion  of  the  truth.  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

suppressio  veri  [L.]  (sup-presh'-i-o  vi'-rai) .  Suppres- 
sion of  the  truth.     Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

sup"-pu-ra'-tion.  The  making  of  pus.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness. 

sup"-pu-ta'-tion.     Reckoning.     Numbering. 

sup-pute'.     To  reckon.     Numbering. 

su"-pra-lap-sa'-ri-an.  A  theological  doctrine.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

su"-pra-mun'-dane.  Supernatural.  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

su-prem'-a-cy.  State  of  being  supreme.  Rule-Li- 
cense, Supremacy-Subordinacy. 


SUPREMACY. 


1029 


SUPREMACY— SUBORDINACY. 


SUPREMACY— SUBORDINACY. 


Advantage.     A  condition  favorable  to  success. 

Climax.     The  highest  point  in  an  ascending  progress. 

Culmination.     The  condition  of  having  arrived  at  its  highest  point. 

Excess.     That  which  passes  the  required  limit. 

Greatness.     Strength  or  extent  of  intellectual  faculties. 

Majority.     More  than  half. 

Maximum.     Highest  degree  attainable. 

Ne  plus  ultra  [L.].      The  furthermost  point;  the  pillars  of  Hercules. 

Nulli  secundus  [L.].     Second  to  none. 

Partiality.     Special  fondness. 

Personal  superiority.     Superiority  of  one's  abilities,  aside  from  one's 

views. 
Preeminence,     Distinction  above  others  of  eminence. 

Pre^nderaUon.  1  SuPerio™y  o£  weign*.  influence,  power,  etc. 
Prevalence.     The  act  of  gaining  superiority,  or  the  condition  of 

being  superior. 
Primus  inter  pares  [L.].      First  among  equals. 
Superiority.     The  quality  of    surpassing  in   quantity,  quality,  or 

degree. 
Supremacy.     The  quality  of  being  highest  in  power,  authority,  or 

influence. 
Surplus.     The  amount  above  what  is  necessary. 
Transcendence.     Superior  excellence. 
Vantage-ground.     Advantageous  place  or  condition. 

Supremacy — Denotations. 

Benjamin's  mess.     The  largest  share.     [Genesis  xliii,  24.] 

Captain.     One  at  the  head  of  or  who  has  command  over  others. 

Lion's  share.  The  whole  or  an  unduly  large  proportion  of  any- 
thing; the  whole,  according  to  the  fable  of  his  hunting  excur- 
sion. 

Nobility.  The  body  of  persons  under  an  hereditary  government 
ranked  above  the  common  people. 

Tricumia  [Gr.].     A  mighty  wave. 

Triton  among  the  minnows.     A  giant  among  pigmies. 

Supremacy — Verbs. 

Bear  the  palm.     To  come  off  victorious. 

Beat.     To  win  from. 

Beat  all  others.     To  win  from  all  others. 

Beat  hollow.     To  win  from  easily. 

Become  larger.     To  grow;  increase. 

Be  superior.     To  surpass  in  quantity,  quality,  or  degree. 

Cap.     To  surpass. 

Come  first.     To  be  ahead  of. 

Come  to  a  head.     To  come  to  a  crisis. 

Culminate.     To  arrive  at  the  highest  point  of  progress. 

Cut  out.     To  supersede. 

Eclipse.     To  surpass  so  as  to  obscure. 

Exceed.     To  go  beyond  in  measure,  degree,  quantity,  or  quality. 

Excel.     To  go  beyond  in  good  quaiities  and  laudable  actions. 

Get  ahead  of.     To  surpass. 

Have  the  advantage.     To  excel  in  any  way. 

Have  the  upper  hand.     Have  the  advantage. 

Have  the  whip-hand.     Have  the  advantage  of. 

Kick  the  beam.     To  touch  the  highest  point. 

O'ertop.     To  surpass. 

Outbalance.     To  exceed. 

Outdo.     Surpass. 

Outherod.     To  surpass  in  violence  or  cruelty. 

Outrank.     To  take  higher  rank  than. 

Outrival.     To  surpass  in  excellence. 

Outstrip.     To  leave  behind. 

Outweigh.     To  exceed  in  value,  influence,  or  importance. 

Overbalance.     Exceed  in  importance,  etc. 

Overmatch.     To  be  too  powerful  for;  to  subdue. 

Overpass.     To  go  beyond  or  awav  from. 

Override.      To  outride ;  to  pass. 

Overtop.     To  surpass. 

Overweigh.     Outweigh . 

Pass.     To  go  by. 

Play  first  fiddle.     To  take  the  most  important  part  in  anything. 

See  Consequence. 
Precede,     To  go  before  in  rank,  place,  or  importance. 
Predominate.     To  have  controlling  influence. 
Preponderate.     To  outweigh. 
Prevail.     To  gain  the  mastery  or  upper  hand. 

Put  one's  noSe  out  of  joint.     To  defeat ;  to  gain  an  advantage  over. 
Render  larger.     To  increase  in  size. 
Surpass.     To  go  beyond  in  anything  admitting  of  degree,  especially 

in  a  specified  particular. 


Commonalty.  The  quality  of  being  commonplace. 
Deficiency.  State  of  being  below  what  is  required. 
Inferiority.  State  of  being  lower  in  rank  or  quality. 
Minimum.  The  least  possible  amount,  degree, etc. 
Minority.     The  smaller  of  two  groups  into  which  a  group  or  numbei 

is  divided. 
Shortcoming.     A  coming  short  of  the  expected  amount. 
Smallness.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  small.     See  Magnitude- 

Smallness. 
Subordinacy.     Inferiority  of  rank ;  subjection  to  a  superiority. 

Subordinacy — Verbs. 
Become  smaller.     To  decrease  in  size,  etc. 
Be  inferior.     To  be  lower  in  excellence,  quality,  or  rank. 

Fall  short  of    '  1  ^°  ^  ^,e^ow  an  expected  amount  or  standard. 

Hide  its  diminished  head.     To  retire  defeated. 

Not  come  up  to. I  „,   ,      ,      .    , 

Not  pass  up  to./  To  be  short  of  expectations. 

Play  second  fiddle.     To  take  a  subordinate  part. 
Render  smaller.     To  decrease  in  size,  etc. 
Retire  into  the  shade.     To  be  eclipsed. 
Want.     To  be  without. 
Yield  the  palm.     To  be  defeated. 

Subordinacy — Adjectives. 
Deficient.     Below  what  is  required. 
Diminished.     Reduced  in  degree,  quantity, etc. 
Inferior.     Lower  in  rank  or  quality. 
Least.     In  the  lowest  or  smallest  degree. 

y       '     f  Of  slighter  consequence. 

Lowest  1  ^av*nS  less  than  the  usual  rate,  amount,  etc. 

Minor.     Less  in  importance  or  value. 

Minus.     Deprived  of;  lacking. 

Not  fit  to  hold  a  candle  to.     Greatly  inferior  to. 

Reduced .     Brought  to  an  inferior  state. 

Secondary,     Not  of  greatest  importance,  etc. 

Second-rate.     Second  in  size,  rank,  etc. 

Small.     Of  little  importance.     See  Magnitude-Smallnbss. 

Smaller.  \  ™- ,.,..,., 

Smallest.)  Of  httte  consequence. 

Sub.     Secondary. 

Subaltern.     Inferior  in  rank  or  position. 

Subordinate.     Belonging  to  an  inferior  order  in  classification. 

Thrown  into  the  shade .     Eclipsed. 

Unimportant.     Not  important. 

Weighed  in  the  balance  and  found  wanting.     Not  up  to  a  standard. 

Subordinacy — Adverbs,  etc. 
At  a  disadvantage.     Under  unfavorable  conditions. 
At  a  low  ebb.     In  a  low  condition. 
At  the  bottom  of  the  scale.     Lowest  in  rank, etc. 
Below  par. 
Below  the  mark. 

Less.     In  inferior  or  smaller  degree. 
Short  off. 

Under  par.  [  Below  the  stand^d- 

Under  the  mark.  J 


Below  the  standard. 


SUPREMACY—  Verbs—  Continued. 

Take  precedence.     To  take  the  front  as  the  more  honorable  place 

to  have  right  of  previous  consideration. 
Take  the  shine  out  of.     To  outshine;  eclipse. 
Throw  into  the  shade.     To  eclipse. 
Top.     To  surpass. 

Transcend,     To  be  superior  in  excellence ;  to  climb  over. 
Turn  the  scale.     To  give  superiority  or  success. 

Supremacy — Adjectives, 

Beyond  comparison.)  EasiIy  first'  highest>  or  best" 

Crowning.     Completing;  most  perfect. 

Culminating.     Arriving  at  its  highest  point. 

Distinguished.     Having  a  reputation. 

Enlarged.     Made  larger. 

Exceeding,  etc.     Greater  than  what  is  usual  or  sufficient.     See  Verbs, 

Facile  princeps  [L.].     Indisputably  first. 

First-rate       Of  the  best  kind  or  class. 

Foremost.     First  in  place,  rank,  or  dignity. 


SUPREMACY. 


1030 


SURPRISING. 


SUPREMACY— Adjectives— Continued. 


Great.     Powerful,  uncommonly  gifted. 

Greater.     More  powerful. 

Greatest.     Most  powerful. 

Higher.     More  advanced. 

Incomparable.     Beyond  compare. 

Increased.     Made  larger,  etc. 

Inimitable.     Beyond  imitation. 

Major.     Greater  in  number,  quantity,  or  extent. 

Matchless.     "Without  equal. 

More  than  a  match  for.     Superior  to. 

Ne  plus  ultra  [L.].     Nothing  further. 

None  such.     Incomparable. 

Nulli  secundus  [L  ].     Second  to  none. 

Paramount.     Of  highest  consideration,  value,  dignity,  or  rank. 

Peerless.     Matchless. 

Preeminent.     Distinguished  above  others  of  eminence. 

Sans  pare il  [F.].     Without  equal. 


Second  to  none.     First. 

Sovereign.     Efficacious  in  the  highest  degree. 

Superior.     Surpassing  in  quantity,  quality,  or  degree. 

Superlative.     The  very  highest. 

Supreme.     Highest,  greatest,  or  most  excellent. 

Transcendent.    )  0  „ 

Transcendental./  ^P"™ ln  excellence. 

Ultra.     Exceeding  moderation  or  propriety ;  extreme. 

Unapproached.     Far  superior. 

Unparioted.  I  Not  to  **  comPared  *•*• 
Unparalleled.     Without  a  similar  case. 
Unrivaled.     Without  a  rival. 
Unsurpassed.     Not  overcome. 
Utmost.     In  the  highest  degree. 
Vaulting.     Surpassing. 
Without  parallel.     Unparalleled. 


Above  all*     Before  every  other  consideration. 
Above  par.     Above  face  value;  above  the  standard. 
Above  the  mark.     Above  the  standard. 

a  JOHi.  2"*}  With  stronger  reason. 
At  its  height.    ) 

At  the  top  of  the  scale.     At  the  highest  point. 

Beyond.     Surpassing. 

Xgregiously.     Extraordinarily;  in  a  bad  sense. 

Eminently.     In  the  highest  possible  manner  or  degree, 

tives. 

Especially.     Very  particularly. 

Even.     Exactly. 

In  advance  of.     Ahead. 

Kalexochen  [Gr.].     Par  excellence. 

More.     Of  a  greater  quantity,  etc. 

Of  all  things.  jEm; 

Over.  > 

We  shall  not  look  upon  his  like  again. 


Supremacy — Adverbs,  etc. 

Over  and  above.     With  supremacy. 
Over  the  mark.     Above  the  standard. 
Par  excellence.     By  way  of  eminence. 
Particularly.      In  an  uncommon  degree. 
Peculiarly.     In  a  manner  characteristic  of  the  individual. 
Preeminently.     Supremely.     See  Adjectives. 
Principally.     For  the  most  part. 
Prominently.     In  a  well-known  way. 
See  Adjec-       Still  more.     In  a  higher  degree. 

Surjremelv       }  ln  the  highest  degree.     See  Adjectives. 
Surpassingly.     Much  excelling.     See  Adjectives. 
The  most.     In  the  highest  degree. 
To  crown  all.     To  make  complete. 
Upwards  of.     Exceeding. 
Yea.     Not  only  so,  but  more  so. 

Supremacy — Phrase. 


su-preme'.  Highest  in  rank,  power,  or  importance. 
Rule -License,  Supremacy -Subordinacy,  Top- 
Bottom;  Supreme  Being,  Divinity. 

su-preme'-ly.     Chiefly.     Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

sur-bate'.     To  bruise.     Betterment-Bruise. 

sur-bat'-ed.     Made  sore.     Warning. 

sur-cease'.  To  cease  entirely.  Discontinuance-Con- 
tinuance. 

sur-charge'.  An  excessive  charge.  Excess -Lack; 
surcharge  and  falsify,  Accounts. 

sur'-cin"-gle.     A  girdle.     Connective. 

sur'-coat".     An  outer  coat.     Dress-Undress. 

surd.  An  irrational  number;  a  consonant  sound. 
Hearing-Deafness,  Number. 

sure.  Certain;  trustworthy;  stable.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Faith-Misgiving,  Security-Insecurity; 
make  sure  against,  Preparation-Nonpreparation; 
make  sure  of,  Investigation-Answer,  Taking-Res- 
titution; on  sure  ground,  Security-Insecurity;  to 
be  sure,  Assent-Dissent,  Certainty-Doubt;  you 
may  be  sure,  Assertion-Denial. 

sure'-foot"-ed.  Liable  not  to  stumble.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Recklessness-Caution,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness. 

sure'-ly.     Certainly.     Astonishment-Expectance. 

sure'-ty.  Security  for  payment.  Certainty-Doubt, 
Security,  Security-Insecurity. 

surf.  Foamy  swell  of  the  sea.  River-Wind,  Vis- 
cidity-Foam. 

•ur'-face.  The  exterior  part;  external  appearance. 
Outside-Inside,  Texture;  lie  on  the  surface,  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity, Manifestation-Latency;  skim 
the  surface,  Carefulness-Carelessness. 

Sur'-face,  Jo'-seph.  An  extravagant  fellow.  Gull-De- 
ceiver. 

sur'-feit.  To  feed  to  excess;  to  satiate.  Excess- 
Lack,  Repletion. 


surge.  To  rise  high;  billow;  a  heavy  rolling;  amass 
of  rolling  water.  Ascent-Descent,  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Revolution-Evolution,  River- Wind 

sur'-geon.     A  medical  officer.     Remedy-Bane. 

sur'-ger-y.  A  healing  of  diseases  by  manual  operation 
Remedy-Bane. 

surgit  amari  aliquid  [L.]  (suri-jit  am-e'-rai  al'-i-quid). 
Something     bitter     rises.     Faultlessness-Faulti- 

NESS. 

sur'-ly.  Cross;  rude;  crabbed.  Charitableness 
Malevolence,  Favorite-Moroseness,  Politeness- 
Impoliteness. 

sur-mise'.  Tosuppose.    Faith-Misgiving, Hypothesis. 

sur-mount'.  To  mount  upon;  to  rise  superior  to;  to 
pass  over.  Ascent-Descent,  Height-Lowness, 
Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

sur-mount'-a-ble.  Capable  of  being  surmounted.  Pos- 
sibility-Impossibility. 

sur'-name".     A  family  name.     Name-Misnomer. 

sur-pass'.  To  exceed;  to  go  beyond;  to  excel.  En- 
largement-Diminution, Reputation  -  Discredit, 
Success-Failure,  Supremacy-Subordin  ac  y.Traiis- 
cursion-Shortcoming. 

sur-pass'-ing.  Excelling.  Supremacy-Subordinacy, 
Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

suri-plice.     A  clerical  vestment.     Vestments. 

sur'-plus.  That  which  remains  after  use.  Excess- 
Lack,  Increment-Remnant,  Supremacy-Subordi- 


Excess.     Excess-Lack. 
surprising;    wonder.      Astonishment- 
Craft-Artlessness,    Expectation- 


nacy. 
suri-plus-age. 
sur-prise'.      A 

Expectance, 

Surprise. 
sur-prised'.       Astonished.       Astonishment -Expect 

ance,  Expectation-Surprise. 
sur-pris'-ing.     Causing   wonder.     Astonishment- Ex 

pectance. 


SURPRISINGLY. 


1031 


SUSPENSION— SUPPORT. 


sur-pris'-ing-ly.  Wonderfully.  Magnitude  -Small- 
ness. 

sur"-re-but'-ter.  A  plaintiff' s'reply  to  a  rebutter.  In- 
vestigation-Answer, Litigation. 

sur"-re-join'-der.  A  plaintiff's  answer  to  a  rejoinder. 
Investigation-Answer,  Litigation. 

sur-ren'-der.  To  yield  to  another.  Keeping-Relin- 
quishment,  Yielding;  surrender  one's  life,  Life- 
Death. 

sur"-rep-ti'-tious.  Clandestine.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Truthfulness-Fraud,  Truthfulness- 
Fabrication. 

sur'-ro-gate.     A  substitute.     Representative. 

sur-round'.  To  encompass;  to  enclose.  Confinb 
ment.  Environment-Interposition. 

sur-round'-ing.  Lying  about.  Environment-Inter- 
position. 

sur-round'-ings .  Environment.  Amidst  such  and 
such  surroundings,  Environment-Interposition, 
Position. 

sursum  corda  [L.]  (sur'-sum  cor'-da).  Lift  up  your 
hearts.     Devotion-Idolatry. 

sur-tout'.     An  overcoat.     Dress-Undress. 

sur-veil'-lance .  A  spying  supervision.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Management;  under  surveillance, 
Justification-Charge. 

sur-vene'.  To  come  in  addition.  Occurrence-Des- 
tiny. 

sur-vey'.  To  look  over  carefully.  Sight-Blindness, 
Visibility-Invisibility. 

sur-vey'-ing.     Measuring.     Mensuration. 

sur-vey'-or.     One  who  surveys.     Manager. 

sur-vi'-val.  Outliving.  Increment-Remnant,  LAST- 
INGNESS-TRANSIENTNESS. 

sur-vi'-vance.  Outliving.  Increment- Remnant, 
Lastingness-Transientness. 

sur-vive'.  To  outlive;  to  outlast.  Increment-Rem- 
nant, Lastingness-Transientness,  Mutation- 
Permanence. 


sur-vi'-ving.     Living.     Increment-Remnant. 

sus-cept"-i-bil-'i-ty.  Liability;  sensitiveness;  tenden- 
cy; an  easy  yielding.  Contingency,  Favorite- 
Quarrelsomeness,  Inclination,  Might- Impo- 
tence, Motive -Caprice,  Sensitiveness- Apathy. 

sus-cep'-ti-ble.  Yielding  readily;  easily  irritated.  Fa- 
vorite-Quarrelsomeness, Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

sus-cep'-ti-ble-ness.  Sensitiveness.  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

sus-cep'-tive.     Susceptible.     Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

sus-cep-tiv'-i-ty.  Quality  of  being  susceptive.  Sen- 
sitiveness-Apathy. 

sus-cip'-i-en-cy.  Act  of  receiving.  Giving-Receiv- 
ing. 

sus-cip'-i-ent.  One  who  receives.  Giving-Receiv- 
ing. 

sus'-ci-tate.  To  arouse.  Cause-Effect,  Creation- 
Destruction,  Excitation,  Turbulence -Calm- 
ness. 

sus"-ci-ta'-tion.     Rousing.     Excitation. 

sus-pect'.  To  surmise;  to  mistrust.  Faith-Misgiv- 
ing, Hypothesis. 

sus-pect'-ed.     Distrusted.     Justification-Charge. 

sus-pect'-less.  Without  suspicions.  Faith-Misgiv- 
ing. 

sus-pend'.  To  cease;  to  delay;  to  hang.  Discon- 
tinuance -  Continuance,  Earliness  -  Lateness, 
Suspension-Support. 

sus-pend'-ed.     Hanging.     Suspension-Support. 

sus-pend'-ed  an"-i-ma'-tion.      Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

sus-pense'.  Uncertainty;  vacillation;  cessation;  anxi- 
ety. Certainty-Doubt,  Determination-Vacilla- 
tion, Discontinuance-Continuance,  Expecta- 
tion-Surprise; in  suspense,  Certainty -Doubt, 
Vigor-Inertia. 

sus-pen'-sion.  The  act  of  suspending.  Discontinu- 
ance-Continuance, Melody-Dissonance,  Suspen- 
sion-Support; suspension  of  arms,  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation. 


SUSPENSION— SUPPORT. 


Dependency.     The  state  of  relying  upon  something  or  someone. 
Hanging.     The  act  of  suspending. 

Pendency.     The  state  of  being  pendent,  or  hanging  down  loosely. 
Suspension.     The  act  of  suspending,  or  of  causing  to  hang  down. 

Suspension — Denotations. 

Button.  A  knob  or  disk  of  bone  metal,  etc.,  for  fastening  one  part 
of  a  garment  to  another. 

Fastening,  etc.     A  fastener,  as  a  bolt,  catch,  etc.      See  Connective. 

Flap.     A  broad,  loosely  hanging  part  or  attachment. 

Hangnail.  Skin  partially  torn  from  its  attachment  near  the  root  of 
a  finger-nail. 

Hook.  A  device  of  a  bent  piece  of  metal  serving  to  catch  or  hold 
another  piece. 

Horse.     A  device  used  to  support  anything. 

Knob.     A  rounded  handle. 

Nail.  A  piece  of  metal  driven  into  wood,  from  which  things  are  sus- 
pended. 

Peg.  A  wooden  pin  thrust  into  a  hole  and  left  projecting,  upon 
which  something  may  be  fastened. 

Pendulum.  A  body  suspended  by  a  rod  or  cord  from  a  fixed  point, 
and  free  to  swing  to  and  fro. 

Pigtail.      \  cue  or  plait  of  hair. 

Ring.     A  circle  of  metal  from  which  things  may  be  suspended. 

Skirt.     That  part  of  a  dress  that  hangs  below  the  waist. 

Spar.      A  round  timber  or  pole  on  which  to  extend  a  sail. 

Staple.     A  U-shaped  piece  of  metal  used  as  a  fastener. 

Stud.     An  ornamental  button. 

Tail      The  part  of  an  animal  prolonged  beyond  the  rest  of  the  body. 

Tenterhook.     A  sharp  hook  for  stretching  cloth. 

Train.     Something  pulled  along  with  and  in  the  track  of  another. 

Suspension — Scientific  Nouns. 
Pedicel.      A  stalk  supporting  a  single  flower 
Pedicle       A  stalk  supporting  leaves  or  flowers. 
Peduncle      A  stalk  that  suooorts  the  flower  or  fruit 


Base.     Foundation,  that  upon  which  anything  is  placed  as  a  sup. 

port. 
Basis.     That  upon  which  anything  rests;  a  support. 
Bearing.     That  which  endures  or  sustains  something 
Block.     A  support  of  any  kind,  as  a  solid  piece  of  metal  or  wood 

upon  which  hammering  or  chopping  is  done. 
Caudex.     The  trunk  or  persistent  support  of  a  plant. 
Floor.     The  part  of  a  room  on  which  the  furniture  is  placed.     See 

Top-Bottom. 
Footing.     A  firm  spot  for  the  feet;  a  small  foundation. 
Foundation.     That  upon  which  anything  is  established. 
Fulcrum.     The  support  of  a  lever. 

Ground.  The  solid  earth;  hence,  abase;  a  starting-point. 
Groundwork.  That  which  gives  a  foundation  or  a  support. 
Hold.     The  act  of  holding;  a  controlling  influence. 

Landing-place.}  A  place  for  going  on  or  off  vessels 

Landing-stage.  A  structure  at  a  wharf  for  landing  goods  or  pas- 
sengers. 

Locus  standi  [L.].     A  place  for  standing. 

Platform.     A  support  used  for  speakers. 

Point  d'appui  [F  ].     Point  of  support , 

Pou  sto  [Gr  J.  Where  I  may  stand ;  what  Archimedes  wanted  to 
move  the  world  with  a  lever.      "* 

Purchase.     In  mechanics,  an  advantage  for  leverage. 

Rest.     That  upon  which  anything  can  be  supported. 

Resting-place.     A  place  for  stopping. 

Stage.     The  place  on  which  orators  speak,  plays  are  performed,  etc 

Substratum.     That  which  is  spread  under  and  supports. 

Subvention.     The  act  of  subvening,  of  giving  aid. 

Support.     That  which  bears  the  weight  of. 

Sustentation.     Support  of  life. 

Support — Denotations 
Abutment.     A  supporting  structure  to  sustain  lateral  pressure. 
Aid,  etc      Anything  that  helps  or  supports     See  Obstruction-Help 


SUSPENSION. 


1032 


SUSPENSION— SUPPORT. 


SUSPENSION—  SUPPORT— Continued. 


Suspension — Verbs. 


Append.     To  hang  or  fasten  to. 

Be  pendent.     To  hang  from.     See  Adjectives. 

Daggle.     To  trail  as  in  the  dust. 

Dangle.     To  hang  loosely. 

Depend.     To  hang  to  in  a  subordinate  character. 

Fasten  to.     To  cause  to  become  fixed  to. 

Flap.     To  move  about  while  hanging  loosely. 

Flow.     To  hang  loose,  like  hair. 

Hang.     To  fasten  to  something  for  support ;  suspend 

Hitch.     To  fasten  to;  make  fast,  as  a  horse. 

Hook  up.     To  fasten  to. 

Sling.     To  suspend  as  in  a  sling;  hang  up  with  rope  and  tackle 

Suspend.     To  cause  to  hang;  make  hang. 

Swag.     To  swing  heavily. 

Swing.     To  vibrate;  wave  backwards  and  forwards. 

Trail.     To  draw  along  loosely,  as  the  train  of  a  dress. 

Suspension — Adjectives. 

Caudate.     Having  a  tail. 

Dependent.     Hanging  down;  relying  upon;  unable  to  exist  without 

something  else. 
Flowing.     Floating  loosely,  like  hair. 
Hanging.     Fastened  to  something  else.     See  Verbs. 
Having  a  peduncle.     Having  a  stem.     See  Nouns. 
Loose.     Not  fastened;  swinging. 
Pedunculate.     Having.a  peduncle. 

Pendent.     Hanging  downward  and  fastened  by  one  end. 
Pendulous.     Hanging;  swinging. 
Pensile.     Pendent  and  hanging. 
Suspended.     Hanging  by  one  end      See  Verbs. 
Tailed.      Having  a  tail. 


SUPPORT — Denotations — Continued  from  Column  a. 


Mantel.  ~| 

Mantelpiece.   >A  shelf  above  a  fireplace. 

Mantel-shelf.  J 

Mat.     A  covering  for  the  floor. 

Mattress.     A  stuffed  tick  used  as  a  bed. 

Morris-chair.     A  reclining  armchair. 

Mullion.     A  division  piece  between  the  lights  of  windows. 

Musnud.     A  dais  or  raised  seat.     [Anglo-Indian.] 

Ottoman.     A  cushioned  seat. 

Outrigger.  A  part  projecting  beyond  a  vessel  or  machine  for  sup- 
port. 

Pack-saddle.     A  saddle  to  which  packages  are  attached  for  carrying. 

Paillasse  [F.J     A  straw  mattress. 

Pallet.     A  bed  of  straw. 

Panel.     A  piece  of  wood  set  in  a  door. 

Pedestal.     A  base  or  support  for  a  column,  statue,  etc. 

Pedicle      A  short  stalk. 

Pediment.     A  triangular  piece  surrounding  a  door  or  screen. 

Peg,  etc.  A  wooden  pin  for  fastening  articles  together.  See  Sus- 
pension. 

Perch.     A  pole  serving  as  a  roost  for  birds. 

Persides.  Descendants  of  Perseus,  a  Grecian  hero  who  changed 
Atlas  into  a  mountain. 

Pilaster.     A  right-angled  column. 

Pillar.     A  firm,  upright,  separate  support. 

Pillion.     A  pad  behind  a  saddle  on  which  a  second  person  may  ride. 

Pillow.     A  head-rest. 

Pivot.     A  pin  or  short  staff  upon  which  something  turns. 

Plinth.     A  square  stone  on  which  a  column  or  statue  stands. 

Pommel.     A  wooden  block  for  pressing  and  working  skins. 

Post.     An  upright  piece  of  timber  used  as  a  support. 

Prop.     That  which  sustains  a  weight. 

Rack.     A  frame  for  hanging  clothes. 

Ratlings.     The  rounds  of  a  rope  ladder. 

Retable.     An  altar-piece. 

Rib.     One  of  the  parts  of  the  framework  of  the  chest. 

Rip-rap.     Broken  stones  for  making  foundations  of  walls. 

Rocking-chair.     A  chair  having  the  legs  set  on  rockers. 

Rod.     A  long  stick  for  the  support  of  a  light  weight. 

Round.     The  rung  of  a  ladder 

Rowlock.     A  device  for  supporting  an  oar. 

Rug.     A  covering  for  the  floor. 

Rung.     One  of  the  rounds  of  a  ladder  or  chair. 

Saddle.     A  seat  of  leather  for  riding  horseback. 

Saddle-bag.     A  pouch  suspended  from  a  saddle. 

Scaffold.     A  temporary  structure  about  a  building. 


SUPPORT— Denotations— CoMtfnw*/ 

Alpenstock.      A  long  pointed  staff,  shod  with  iron,  used  for  mountain 

climbing. 
Anvil.     A  heavy  block  of  iron  or  steel  on  which  metals  may  be  ham- 
mered. 
Arbor.     A  wooden  framework  for  supporting  vines. 

Arch.     A  structure  supported  at  the  sides  or  ends  only. 

Armchair.     A  chair  with  side  supports  for  the  arms. 

Atlantes.     Columns  or  pillars  in  the  shape  of  male  human  figures. 

Atlas.      A    mythological   character    who    supported    the   heavei* 
upon  his  shoulders.  » 

Axis.     A  line  on  which  something  rotates. 

Axle.     A  cross-bar  on  wh.ch  a  wheel-turns. 

Axletree.     An  axle. 

Backbone.     The  spinal  or  vertebral  column. 

Baluster.     A  small  pillar  supporting  a  hand-rail. 

Balustrade.     A  railing  formed  of  a  range  of  balusters  supporting  a 
hand-rail. 

Bandage.     A  strip  of  cloth  for  binding  wounds. 

Banister.     An  upright  supporting  a  hand-rail. 

Bar.     A  long  piece  of  wood  forming  a  barrier. 

Baton.     An  official  staff. 

Beam.     A  long  horizontal  piece  of  wood  for  supporting  weight. 

Bed.     An  article  of  furniture  used  to  rest  or  sleep  on. 

Bedding.     The  furnishings  for  a  bedstead. 

Bedstead.     A  framework  for  supporting  a  bed. 

Bench.     A  long  wooden  seat. 

Berth.     A  bed_in  a  vessel,  F1eepmg-car,  etc. 

Board.     A  table. 

Bolster.     A  long  underpillow  for  a  bed. 

Boom.     A  spar  for  holding  a  sail. 

Bracket.     A  frame  for  supporting  a  shelf,  etc. 

Buttress.     A  structure  built  against  a  wall  to  strengthen  it. 

Caryatides.     A  supporting  column  shaped  like  a  female  figure. 

Chair.     A  single  seat  with  four  legs  and  a  back. 

Clothes-horse.     A  frame  for  hanging  clothes  while  drying. 

Colstaff .     A  pole  on  which  a  large  water  vessel  is  carried. 

Columella.     A  little  rod,  pillar,  or  central  axis. 

Column.     A  vertical  shaft  for  the  support  of  a  building,  etc. 

Console.     A  bracket  whose  supporting  brace  is  in  the  form  of  a 
reverse  scroll. 

Corbel.     An  ornamental  bracket. 

Corner-stone.    A  stone  uniting  two  walls  at  the  corner  of  a  building. 

Cot.     A  light  bedstead. 

Couch.     A  structure  on  which  to  rest  or  sleep. 

Counter.     A  table  or  bench  on  which  goods  are  exposed  for  sale. 

Cradle.     A  child's  rocking  or  swinging  bed. 

Crib.     A  child's  bed  with  side  railings. 

Crutch.     A  staff  used  as  a  support  in  walking. 

Cushion.     A  solt  seat. 

Dais.     A  raised  platform  for  a  seat. 

Desk.     A  table  adapted  for  writing. 

Divan.     A  cushioned  place  for  reclining. 

Dresser.     A  kitchen  table  on  which  food  is  prepared. 

Easel.     A  frame  for  holding  a  picture. 

Easy-chair.     A  cushioned  armchair. 

Elbow-chair.     An  armchair. 

Faldstool.     A  cushioned  stool  on  which  worshipers  kneel. 

Fauteuil  [F.].     An  upholstered  armchair. 

Flange.     A  projecting  rim  used  to  strengthen  an  object. 

Footstool.     A  stool  for  supporting  the  feet. 

Frame  I  ^  'ong  seat  *n  *^e  nave  °^  a  church. 

Framework.     The  supporting  and  formative  parts  of  a  structure. 

Fulciment.     A  prop,  fulcrum,  or  pivot. 

Girder.     The  principal  horizontal  beam  which  supports  a  structure. 

Hammock.     A  swinging  couch  hung  by  the  ends. 

Hassock.     A  thick  mat  or  cushion  to  kneel  on. 

Heel.     That  part  of  a  shoe  that  supports  the  back  of  the  foot. 

Hercules.     A  mythological  character  noted  for  his  strength. 

Hob.     A  projecting  frame  on  the  side  of  a  fireplace. 

Horse,     Anything  used  as  a  support. 

Jamb.     A  side  post  of  a  door,  window,  etc. 

Joist.     One  of  the  horizontal  timbers  that  supports  a  floor. 

Keystone.     The  stone  which  locks  the  members  of  an  arch  together. 

Lap.     The  part  of  a  substance  that  extends  over  another. 

Ledge.     A  shelf  upon  which  articles  can  be  laid. 

Leg.     A  limb  of  an  animal  used  for  support. 

Lintel.     The  horizontal  top  piece  of  a  doorway  or  window. 

Litter.     A  stretcher  used  for  carrying  sick  or  wounded. 

Mainstay.     A  chief  support  or  dependence. 

(Continued  on  Column  i.) 


SUSPENSION. 


1033 


SUTLER. 


SUPPORT— Denotations— Continued. 


Sett.     That  on  which  one  sits. 

Settee.     A  long  seat  with  a  back. 

Settle.     A  long  seat  with  high  back  and  arms. 

Shaft.     A  column  or  pillar. 

Shake-down.     A  makeshift  bed 

Shank.     The  shaft  of  a  column. 

Sheave.     The  pully  of  a  window-  or  door-hanger. 

Shelf.     A  board  set  horizontally  into  a  wall  and  supported  by 

brackets. 
Shoe.     An  outer  covering  for  the  foot. 
Shore.     A  beam  to  support  a  wall. 
Shoulder.     That  part  which  supports. 
Side-saddle.     A  saddle  for  the  use  of  women. 

Sill.     The  horizontal  member  forming  the  foundation  of  a  structure. 
Skeleton.     The  bony  framework  of  the  body. 
Skid.     One  of  a  pair  of  parallel  timbers  to  support  a  cannon. 
Slab.     A  flat  piece  of  metal  or  stone  used  as  a  base. 
Sleeper.     A  heavy  beam  of  wood  used  as  a  support  for  a  roadway. 
Socle.     A  plain  square  block  supporting  a  statue. 
Sofa.     A  long  upholstered  seat  with  a  back,  and  raised  head. 
Sole.     The  bottom  of  a  shoe. 

Splint.     A  thin  flat  piece  of  wood  for  holding  broken  bones  in  place. 
Sprit.     A  small  spar 
Squab.     A  stuffed  cushion. 

Staddle.     Anything  that  serves  as  a  foundation  or  support. 
Staff.     A  stick  used  in  climbing  or  walking. 
Stall.     A  seat  in  a  choir. 

Stanchion.     An  upright  bar  or  timber  forming  a  principal  support. 
Stand.     A  structure  upon  which  persons  or  things  may  stand. 
Stay.     That  which  supports. 
Step.     A  door-step. 

^Support 

Abut  on.     To  meet  with,  project  to. 

Afford  foundation.!  To  form  the  base  or  foundalion  oft 

Afford  support.       > 

Aid.     To  support.     See  Obstruction-Help. 

Back  up.     To  give  strength  to,  maintain. 

Bandage.     To  give  support  with  a  bandage.     See  Union. 

Base.     To  put  upon,  as  a  foundation. 

R      *       t  To  rest  on  for  support. 

Be  based  on.     To  rest  on. 

Bestraddle.     To  bestride. 

Bestr'de.     To  set  astride. 

Be  supported.     To  have  a  support. 

Bolster  up.     To  support  as  with  a  bolster. 

Bottom.     To  put  upon  a  bottom  of  a  foundation. 

Carry.     To  bear  or  support 

Embed.     To  ?  up  port  n  surrounding  matter,  imbed. 

Found.     To  establish. 

Furnish  foundation.!  , 

Furnish  support        J 

Give  foundation 

Give  support. 

Ground.     To  fix  as  in  the  ground. 

Have  at  one's  back.     To  have  support 

Hold.       \ , 

Hold  up.  J 

Imbed.     To  fix,  as  in  a  bed;  embed. 


.  cross-beam. 


'  To  fix  upon  a  base. 


'  To  establish 


■  To  strengthen 


Stick.     A  long  piece  of  wood  used  in  walking. 

Stilts.     Slender  poles  or  stilts  with  projections  to  support  the  feet 

above  the  ground  in  walking. 
Stirrup.     The  loops  suspended  from  the  sides  of  a  saddle,  to  support 

the  feet. 
Stool.     A  seat  without  a  back. 
Stretcher.     A  frame  for  carrying  injured  persons. 
Summer.     A  heavy  horizontal  timber  or  girder. 
Supporter.     A  support  for  some  portion  of  the  body. 
Table.     An  article  of  furniture  with  a  flat  top  and  three  or  more  k-^ 
Tabouret.     A  small  seat  without  arms  or  back. 
Tea-poy.     A  small  table  for  holding  a  tea-service. 
Terra  firma  [L.J     Solid  land. 
Tester.     A  flat  canopy  over  a  tomb. 
Throne.     The  seat  of  a  monarch. 
Tie-beam,  etc.     A  timber  that  serves  as  a  tie,  as  between  walls.     See 

Connective. 
Transom. \  . 
Trave.      )  A  c 
Travis.     A  bar  or  beam. 

Trestle.     A  beam  or  bar  supported  by  four  divergent  legs. 
Trevet.     A  trivet. 

Tripod.     A  small  three-legged  stand. 
Trivet.     A  tripod. 

Trunnion.     The  frame  supporting  the  axis  of  a  cannon. 
Truss.     A  collection  of  timbers  supporting  a  roof  or  bridge. 
Vertebra.     One  of  the  portions  of  the  backbone. 
Woolsack.     The  seat  of  the  Lord  Chancellor  as  the  presiding  officer 

of  the  House  of  Lords  in  England. 
Zocle.     An  unmolded  base  supporting  a  wall. 

-Verbs. 

Incline  on.     To  lean  for  support. 

Keep  on  foot      To  maintain  in  an  active  condition. 

Lean  on.     To  depend  for  support. 

Lend  foundation.  1  -,     .         .* 

Lend  support.       1  To  stren8then- 

Lie  on.     To  depend  upon  for  support. 

Loll  on.     To  lie  on  or  recline  carelessly 

Maintain.     To  keep;  support. 

Prop.     To  keep  from  falling  by  some  prop. 

Recline  on.     To  lean  on. 

Repose  on.     To  lay  back  on. 

Rest  on.     To  be  supported  by. 

Shore  up.     To  prop  up  with  a  leaning  timber. 

Shoulder.     To  put  upon  the  shoulder;  sustain. 

Sit  on.     To  rest  upon. 

Step  on"*}  To  **  s«PP°rted  by- 
Supply  foundation  j  Tq  st         then 
Supply  support        > 
Support.     To  bear;  endure;  maintain 
Sustain.     To  hold  up,  support. 
Underpin.     To  support  from  below 
Underprop.     To  prop  up  from  below. 
Underset.     To  support  by  placing  under. 
Upbear.     To  support  from  below. 
Uphold.     To  keep  from  overthrow. 


Fundamental.     Pertaining  to  a  foundation;  essential. 
Supported.     Kept  from  falling.     See  Verbs. 


Support — Adjectives. 
Supporting. 

Support — Adverbs. 


Holding  up.     See  Verbs. 


Astraddle. 
Astride. 


With  one  leg  on  each  side  of. 


sus-pi'-cion.  Conjecture;  doubt;  mistrust.  Credu- 
lousness-Skepticism,  Faith-Misgiving,  Hypothe- 
sis, Knowledge-Ignorance,  Sanguineness-Tim- 
idity;  under  suspicion,  Justification-Charge. 

sus-pi'-cious.     Questionable.     Faith-Misgiving. 

sus-pi'-cious-ness.     Mistrust. 

TICISM. 

sus"-pi-ra'-tion.     A    sighing. 

TION. 

sus-tain' .  To  uphold ;  to  help ;  to  prove ;  to  establish ; 
to  keep  up  courage;  to  suffer.  Agency,  Conserva- 
tion,    Discontinuance -Continuance,     Emotion, 


Credulousness-Skep- 
jubilation  -  lamenta- 


Obstruction-Help,  Strength -Weakness,  Sus- 
pension-Support. 

sus-tained'  note.  Prolonged  note.  Melody-Disso- 
nance. 

sus'-te-nance.     Food.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

sus"-ten-ta'-tion.  Support  of  life;  maintenance. 
•  Conservation,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Obstruc- 
tion-Help, Suspension-Support. 

su"-sur-ra'-tion.      A  whispering.        Loudness-Faint- 

NESS. 

sut'-ler.  A  small,  military  trader.  Dealer,  Provi- 
sion-Waste. 


SUTTEE. 


1034 


SWEDENBORGIAN. 


sut-tee'.  Immolation  o£  widow  upon  husband's  fu- 
neral pyre.  Devotion-Idolatry,  Life- Killing, 
Unselpishness-Selfishness. 

su'-ture.    Junction  of  two  surfaces.     Union-Disunion. 

suum  cuique  [L.]  (siu'-um  kai'-qui).  Let  each  have  his 
own.  Property,  Right- Wrong,  Taking-Restitu- 
tion. 

su'-ze-rain.  One  having  paramount  authority.  Chief- 
Underling. 

su'-ze-rain"-ty.     Supreme  authority.     Rule-License. 

swab.  One  who  uses  a  swab ;  a  utensil  used  to  clean  the 
bore  of   a  cannon.      Adept-Bungler,   Cleanness- 

FlLTHINESS,    DAMPNESS-DRYNESS. 

swad'-dling-clothes".  Winding  -  clothes  for  children. 
In  swaddling-clothes,  Infant- Veteran.  Liberty- 
Subjection,  Release-Restraint. 

swag.  Plunder;  a  swaying;  low;  a  hanging  cluster. 
Ascent  -  Descent,  Curvation  -  Rectilinearity, 
Parallelism-Inclination,  Plunder,  Suspension- 
Support,  Vibration. 

swag'-bel"-lied.  Corpulent.  Enlargement -Dimi- 
nution. 


swage.     To  assuage.     Turbulence-Calmness. 

swag'-ger.  To  strut;  to  boast  noisily.  Bragging, 
Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Selfrespect-Hum- 
bleness. 

swag'-ger-er.     One  who  swaggers.     Brawler. 

swag'-ger-ing.  Bragging.  Presumption -Obsequi- 
ousness. 

swain.  A  lover;  a  gallant;  a  rustic.  City-Country, 
Gentility-Commonalty,  Love-Hate,  Male-Female. 

swale.  Marshy  ground.  Betterment -Deteriora- 
tion. 

swal'-low.  To  receive;  to  receive  credulously;  to  take 
food.  Admission-Ejection,  Credulousness-Skep- 
ticism,  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Faith-Mis- 
giving, Nutriment-Excretion;  swallow  the  bait, 
Gull-Deceiver,  Readiness-Reluctance;  swallow 
the  leek,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Yielding;  swallow 
up,  Creation -Destruction,  Provision -Waste, 
Taking-Restitution,  Use-Disuse. 

swamp.  To  sink;  a  swamp;  to  be  overwhelmed. 
Creation-Destruction,  Success-Failure,  Swamp- 
Island. 


SWAMP— ISLAND. 


Bog.     Wet,  soft,  and  spongy  ground,  where  the  soil  is  composed 

mainly  of  decayed  vegetable  matter. 
Fen.     Low  land  overflowed  or  partially  covered  with  water,  but 

growing  sedge,  coarse  grasses,  etc. 

A   tract  of  low,  wet  land  commonly  covered  with  coarse 
vegetation. 


ih[  A 

5S.  1 


Marsh 
Morass. 

Moss.     A  low,  wet  ground  containing  peat. 
Mud.     Moist  and  soft  earth. 

Quagmire.     Soft   wet  land  which  yields  or  shakes  under  the  feet. 
Slough.     A  hole  filled  with  mud  and  mire. 
Slush.     Soft,  sloppy  material. 
Squash.     Soil  that  is  soft  and  easily  crushed. 
Sump.     A  pool  of  water  thick  with  mud. 

Swamp.     Soft,  low  ground  soaked  with  water  but  not  covered. 
Wash.     A  piece  of  ground  sometimes  covered  with  water  and  some 
times  left  dry. 

Swam  p —  A  djectives . 

Boggy.  Having  the  nature  of  a  bog. 
Fenny.  Having  the  nature  of  a  fen. 
Marsh. 


Having  the  nature  of  a  marsh. 
lrish}  Having  the  nature  of  a  moor. 


Marshy. 

Mooris 

Moory. 


Ait.     A  little  island  in  a  river  or  lake. 

Archipelago.     A  number  of  islands  taken  together. 

Atoll.     A  ring-shaped  coral  island. 

Breaker.     A  wave  broken  into  foam  against  the  shore. 

Eyot.     A  little  island  in  a  river  or  lake. 

Holm.     An  islet  in  a  river. 

Island.     A  portion  of  land  entirely  surrounded  by  water 

Islander.     One  who  lives  on  an  island. 

Isle.     An  island  ;  chiefly  a  poetical  word. 

Islet.     A  small  island. 

Reef.     A  ridge  of  rocks  lying  at  or  near  the  surface  of  the  water. 

Island — Adjectives. 
Insular.     Pertaining  to  an  island. 
Sea-girt.     Surrounded  by  water,  as  an  island. 


Muddy. 

Paludal. 

Plash  y. 

Poachy. 

Quaggy. 

Sloppy. 

Soft. 

Squashy. 

Swampy. 


SWAM  P — Adjectives — Continued 


Sott  and  wet 


Having  the  nature  of  a  swamp. 


swamped.  Overwhelmed  with  difficulties.  Success- 
Failure. 

swamp'-y.     Low  and  wet.     Dampness-Dryness. 

swan'-pan".     A  Chinese  form  of  abacus.     Numbering. 

swap.  To  strike;  exchange.  Commutation-Permu- 
tation, Impetus-Reaction. 

sward.     Turf.     Gulf-Plain. 

swarm.  A  congregated  multitude.  Enough,  Excess- 
Lack,  Gathering-Scattering,  Multiplicity-Pau- 
city. 

swarm'-ing.  Gathering  together.  Gathering-Scat- 
tering. 

fcwart.     Beingof  a  dark  hue.     Whiteness-Blackness. 

swarth'-ness.  Darkness  of  color.  Whiteness-Black- 
ness. 

swarth'-y.  Having  a  dark  hue.  Whiteness-Black- 
ness. 

swash.  To  spill  in  considerable  quantity;  wash  vio- 
lently against.     River-Wind,  Water-Air. 

swash'-buck"-ler.  A  swaggering  ruffian.  Belliger- 
ent, Brawler. 

swash'-y.     Dashing;  splashy.     Dampness-Dryness. 

swathe.  To  wrap  in  a  bandage;  confine.  Dress-Un- 
dress. Release-Restraint,  Union-Disunion. 


sway.  To  wave  or  swing;  govern;  lean  to  one  side; 
have  influence  over.  Agitation,  Dominance- Im- 
potence, Might-Impotence,  Motive-Caprice,  Par- 
allelism-Inclination, Rule-License;  sway  to  and 
fro,  Mutability-Stability. 

sweal.  To  burn  away  slowly.  Betterment-Deters 
oration. 

swear.  To  vow;  affirm  upon  oath;  utter  profanity. 
Assertion-Denial,  Charitableness-Curse,  En- 
gagement-Release, Godliness-Ungodliness,  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness; just  enough  to  swear  by, 
Magnitude-Smallness;  swear  at,  Charitableness- 
Curse;  swear  a  witness,  Engagement-Release; 
swear  by,  Assertion-Denial,  Faith-Misgiving; 
swear  false,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

swear'-ing.     Cursing.     Assertion-Denial. 

sweat.  Sensible  perspiration;  hard  labor;  toil.  En- 
trance-Exit, Heat-Cold,  Nutriment-Excretion, 
Toil-Rei  axation,  Weariness-Refreshment;  cold 
sweat,  Desire-Distaste,  Sanguineness-Timidity; 
in  a  cold  sweat,  Heating-Cooling;  sweat  of  one's 
brow,  Toil-Relaxation. 

sweat-ing.    Perspiring.    Entrance-Exit. 

Swe"-den-bor'-gi-arf.     Pertaining  to  a  Church  founded 


SWEDENBORGIAN. 


1035 


SWEETNESS— ACIDITY. 


by  Emanuel  Swedenborg,  a  Swedish  mystic.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

sweep.  To  clean  with  a  broom;  the  motion  of  a  long 
stroke;  a  curve;  extent;  one  who  sweeps;  to  draw 
something  along.  Aim-Aberration,  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Extbn- 
sion-Inextension,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Theft; 
make  a  clean  sweep  of,  Admission-Expulsion, 
Cleanness-Filthiness;  sweep  along,  Movement- 
Rest;  sweep  away,  Admission-Expulsion,  Commis- 
sion-Abrogation, Creation-Destruction,  Keep- 
ing-Relinquishment;  sweep  off,  Admission-Expul- 
sion; sweep  out,  Admission-Expulsion,  Cleanness- 
Filthiness;  sweep  the  chords,  Musician. 

sweep'-ing.  Comprehensive;  affecting  a  large  area. 
Entirety- Deficiency,  Universality- Particu- 
larity, Whole-Part;  sweeping  change,  Revolu- 
tion. 

sweep'-ings.  Refuse.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness. 


sweep'-stakes".  A  gambling  arrangement  at  races. 
Gain-Loss,  Outlay-Income. 

sweet.  Pleasing  to  the  sense  of  taste;  having  the  taste 
of  sugar;  harmonious;  gentle;  fresh;  lovely. 
Cleanness-Filthiness.Color-Achromatism,  Love- 
Hate,  Melody-Dissonance,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Sweetness-Acidity;  look  sweet  upon, 
Blandishment,  Desire  -  Distaste,  Love  -  Hate; 
sweet  smell,  Perfume-Stench  ;  sweet  tooth,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Desire-Particularness;  sweet  wine, 
Sweetness-Acidity;  sweet  words,  Politeness-Im- 
politeness. 

sweet'-en.  To  make  sweet  or  more  endurable.  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness,  Sweetness- Acidity. 

sweet'-en-ed.      Made  sweet.      Sweetness  Acidity. 

sweet'-heart".  A  lover  or  the  person  loved.  Favor- 
ite-Anger, Love-Hate. 

sweet'-meat".      A   confection.     Sweetness -Acidity. 

sweet'-ness.  The  quality  of  being  sweet.  Sweetness 
Acidity. 


SWEETNESS— ACIDITY. 


Dulcification.     The  act  of  sweetening. 
Dulcitude.     Sweetness. 
Dulcoration.     Act  of  sweetening. 

Sweetness.  The  quality  of  being  pleasant  to  the  taste,  or  tasting  like 
sugar. 

Sweetness — Denotations. 

Bon-bon.     A  sugar-plum. 

Caramel.     A  confection,  variously  colored  and  flavored. 

Cavendish.     A  brand  of  tobacco  sweetened  with  molasses. 

Comfit.     A  fruit  preserved  with  sugar  and  dried. 

Confection.     An  article  of  confectionery. 

Confectionery.     The  sweetmeats  collectively. 

Confiture.     A  confection. 

Conserve.     A  sweetmeat  in  which  fruits  are  preserved  with  sugaf . 

Edulcorator.     Anything  which  sweetens. 

Grocery.     An  article  of  household  supplies  for  the  table,  as  su*>ar, 

etc. 
Honey.     A  sweet,  syrupy  secretion,  derived  by  bees  from  the  nectar 

of  flowers. 
Honeysuckle.     A  variety  of  sweet-scented  shrub. 
Hydromel.     A  liquor  consisting  of  honey  diluted  with  water. 
Jam.     A  conserve  of  fruit  prepared  by  thorough  cooking  and  stew- 
ing with  sugar. 
Jujube.     A  sweetmeat  of  gum-arabic  sweetened  and  flavored. 
Julep.     A  drink  composed  of  brandy  or  whisky,  sugar,  cracked  ice. 

and  green  mint. 
Licorice.     The  root  of  a  plant  used  as  a  flavoring  in  confectionery, 

etc. 
Liqueur.     An  alcoholic  cordial  sweetened  and  flavored  with  aromatic 

substances .  s 

Lollypop.     A  kind  of  taffy. 
Manna.     A  sweetish  substance  obtained  from  incisions  ir  the  stems 

of  various  trees  and  shrubs. 
Marmalade.     A  preserve  or  confection  made  by  boiling  the  pulp  of 

fruit  with  sugar. 

*»  ^i. '  i-      f  A  fermented  liquor  comoosed  of  honevand  boiling'  water. 
Metheghn.) 

Molasses.     A  viscid  dark-colored  liquor  obtained  from  sugar. 

Nectar.     Any  especially  sweet  and  delicious  drink 

Pastry.     Articles  ot  food,  as  pie?  and  tarts. 

Pie,     Prepared  food  of  fruit  and  shortened  dough. 

Plum.     A  fruit. 

Preserve.     Acookcd  fruit  keptfrom  fermenting  by  boilingwith  sugar. 

Pudding.     A  dish  of  fruit,  milk,  eggs,  etc.,  sweetened  and  flavored. 

Puff.     A  light  tart  or  cake  filled  with  some  sweet  substance. 

Sugar.  A  sweet  crystalline  compound  derived  from  ihh  sugar- 
cane. 

Sugar-candy.     Crystallized  sugar. 

Sugar-plum.     A  bon-bon  or  small  sweetmeat. 

Sweetmeat.     A  confection,  jelly ,  or  sweet  food. 

Sweets.     Confections. 

Sweet  wine.  Wine  in  which  all.  the  sugar  has  not  passed  off  into 
alcohol. 

Syrup.     A  thick,  sweet  liquid. 

Taffy.     A  sweetmeat  of  brown  sugar  and  molasses. 

Tart.     A  piece  of  pastry  containing  fruit  or  jam. 

Treacle.     The  syrup  obtained  in  refining  sugar. 


Acetous   fermentation.     Fermentation   that  changes  alcohol, etc., to 

vinegar 
Acidity.     The  qualit  y  of  being  sharp  to  the  taste. 
Sourness.     Mild  acidity,  the  quality  of  being  sour. 


Acidity- 
Any  sour  substance. 


-Denotations. 


Acid. 

Alum.     A  chemical  compound  used  as  an  astringent  in  medicine. 

Crab.     A  small  sour  apple. 

Verjuice.     The  sour  juice  of  green  fruit. 

Vinegar.     An  acid  liquid  obtained  from  cider  or  wine. 

Acidity — Verbs. 
Acidify.     To  convert  into  acid. 
Acidulate.     To  make  acid  in  a  moderate  degree. 
Be  sour.     To  be  of  a  mildl  y  acid  taste . 
Render  sour.     Make  sour. 
Turn  sour.     Become  sour 

Set  the  teeth  on  edge.     To  feel  a  sensation  in  the  tqeth  on  eating  sout 
things. 

Acidity — Adjectives. 

Acerb.     Sour  and  bitter. 
Acescent.     Readily  turning  sour. 
Acetic.     Pertaining  to  vinegar,  so 

Acetousj  Causing  acetification. 

Acid.     Containing  acid. 

Acidulated.     Tinged  with  aiid. 

Acidulous.     Slightly  sour. 

Crabbed.     Rough  or  harsh  to  the  taste. 

Hard.     Acid,  as  hard  cider. 

Rough.     Astringent,  applied  to  wine,  etc. 

Sour.     Mildly  acid. 

Sour  as  vinegar.     Very  so'tr. 

Sourish.     Acidulous. 

Styptic.      Having  the  quality  of  restraining  hemGrrhage. 

Subacid.     Moderately  acid. 

Tart.     Having  a  sharp,  sour  taste. 


SWEETNESS— Continued. 
Sweetness — Verbs. 
Be  sweet.     To  be  agreeable  to  the  sense  of  taste. 
Candy.     To  conserve  in  sugar. 
Dulcify.       "I 
Dulcorate.    /To  sweeten. 
Edulcorate.  ' 

Mull.     To  enrich  with  spices. 
Rendersweet.\  _         . 
Sweeten.  j  To  make  sweet. 

Sweetness — Adjectives. 

Candied.      Conserved  into  sugar. 
Dulcet.     Having  a  delicate,  luscious  taste. 
Edulcorant.     Sweetening. 
Honeyed.     Sweet. 
Lush.     Full  of  juice. 


SWEETNESS. 


1036 


SWIFTNESS— SLOWNESS. 


SWEETNESS— Adjectives— Continued 


Luscious.     Excessively  sweet. 

Melliferous.     Producing  honey;  flowing  with  honey. 

Nectareous.     Of  the  nature  of  nectar. 

Sacchariferous.     Producing  sugar. 

Saccharine.     Pertaining  to  or  like  sugar. 


Eau  sticrte  (F.J.     Sweetened  water. 


Sweet.     Pleasant  to  the  taste    tasting  like  sugar. 

Sweet  as  a  nut.  \ 

Sweet  as  honey.  >  Figurative  degrees  of  sweetness. 

Sweet  as  sugar.  ) 

Sweetened,  etc.     See  Verbs, 


Sweetness — Phrase. 


sweets.  Confections;  pastry.  Nutriment -Excre- 
tion, Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Sweetness- 
Acidity. 

sweet'-scent"-ed.  Sweet-smelling.  Perfume- 

Stench. 

swell.  To  expand;  grow  violent;  a  billow;  the  in- 
crease and  succeeding  decrease  of  a  musical  note;  a 
fop.  Approval- Disapproval,  City -Country, 
Emotion,  Enlargement-Diminution,  Gentility- 
Commonalty,  Loudness-Faintness,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness,  River-Wind,  Society-Dandy; 
ground  swell,  Agitation  ;  swell  out,  Terseness-Pro- 
lixity; swell  over,  Con vexity-Concavitv;  swell  the 
ranks  of,  Addition-Subtraction;  swell  with  rage, 
Favorite-Anger. 

swell'-ing.     The  act  of  expanding;     a  protuberance; 


bombastic;  increasing.  Convexity -Concavity, 
Enlargement-Diminution,  Excitation,  Simplic- 
ity-Floridness. 

swell'-mob".  Well-dressed  pickpockets  collectively. 
Robber. 

swel'-ter.     To  be  oppressed  with  heat.     Heat-Cold. 

swel'-tered.     Oppressed  with  heat.     Heat-Cold. 

swel'-ter-ing.     Sweating.     Heat-Cold. 

swerve.  To  turn  aside;  deviate;  fluctuate.  Aim- 
Aberration,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Mutation-Per- 
manence, Readiness-Reluctance. 

swerv'-ing.  Turning  from  a  course.  Aim-Aberra- 
tion. 

swift.     Rapid.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

swift'-ness.  The  quality  of  being  swift.  Swiftness- 
Slowness. 


SWIFTNESS— SLOWNESS. 


Acceleration.     Increased  velocity. 
Celerity.     Quickness  of  motion . 
Dash.     Sudden  and  quick  forward  motion. 
Eagle-speed.     The  swiftness  of  an  eagle. 
Expedition.     State  of  moving  or  going  swiftly. 

Fl  in  '  J  Movement  by  means  of  wings;  motion  as  if  by  wings. 

Full  gallop.     Full  speed. 

Haste.     Voluntary  quickness  of  motion. 

&&!£•}»*»*"  <•**' 

Pernicity.     Swiftness. 

Rapidity.     Swiftness  of  motion  or  progress. 

Rattling  rat?.'  1  Livety  or  prising  rate  of  speed. 
Run.     A  going  rapidly  by. 
Rush.     Extraordinary  haste. 
Scamper.     The  act  of  running  hastily. 

Smtrt  Krte."}  Quick  rate  of  speed' 

Sp'ankin!  rat"  )  Swift  and  dashinK  rate  of  «P«<L 
Speed.     The  act  or  state  of  going  swiftly. 
Spurt.     An  increase  of  speed  for  a  short  time. 
Swiftness.     The  quality  of  moving  quickly. 

Swift  rat"'  1  Rapid  rate  of  speed~ 
Velocity.     Rapid  motion;  swiftness. 

Swiftness — Denotations, 
Amble.     A  method  of  motion  in  quadrupeds  in  which  but  one  foot 

supports  the  body  at  a  time. 
Antelope.     A  ruminant  noted  for  its  swiftness. 
Arrow.     A  slender  weapon  shot  by  a  bow. 
Cannon-ball.     A  shot,  fired  from  a  cannon. 
Canter.     Quadrupedal  locomotion  like  a  walk  but  quicker. 
Chase.     The  practise  of  hunting  game  with  horses  and  dogs. 
Courser.     A  fast  running  horse. 
Dart.     A  pointed  weapon  thrown  with  the  hand. 
Doe.     A  deer  notable  for  its  swiftness. 

Eagle.     A  large  bird  of  prey  noted  for  its  swift  flying  powers. 
Electricity.     A  form  of  energy  acting  very  quickly. 
Express  train.     A  fast  train  which  carries  express  matter. 
Gallop.    A  very  rapid  quadrupedal  motion  in  which  an  animal  springs 

from  a  fore  foot  and  lands  upon  the  diagonal  hind  foot. 
Gazelle.     A  small  antelope. 
Greyhound.     A  tall,  slender,  swift  hunting  dog. 
Hand  gallop.     A  gallop  held  in  check  by  the  hand. 
Hare      A  small  animal  noted  for  its  swiftness. 
Light       Radiant  energy  characterized  by  rapidity  of  motion. 
Lightning      A  nash  of  light  due  to  electrical  discharge  from  the 

clouds 


Claudication.     A  limping. 

Creeping.     A  moving  slowly,  as  on  hands  and  knees. 

Delay.     A  suspension  of  progress. 

Dog-trot.     A  slow  trot. 

Inactivity.     State  or  quality  of  being  inactive;  sluggishness. 

Jog-trot.     An  easy  pace. 

Languor.     A  state  of  listless  indolence. 

Lentor.     Sluggishness. 

Mincing  steps.     A  slow  rate  of  motion. 

flacke^'lA'— -8  °f  velocity. 
Slow  march.     A  slow  movement. 
Slowness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  slow. 
Slow  time.     Small  velocity. 

Slowness — Denotations. 
Dawdle.     A  loiterer. 
Drawl.     Slow,  lengthened  utterance. 
Lingerer.     One  who  delays  action. 

Loiterer.     One  who  has  a  slow  and  lingering  movement. 
Slow-coach.     A  slow-moving,  dull  person. 
Slow-back.     An  idler. 

Slow-goer.     One  who  goes  slowly,  a  careful  person. 
Sluggard.     A  drone;  a  person  habitually  lazy  oridle. 
Snail.     One  who  makes  a  slow  rate  of  progress. 
Tortoise.     A  testudinate  reptile  of  slow  movements;  a  turtle. 

Slowness — Verbs. 

Apply  the  brake.     To  check  the  speed. 

Bundle  on.     To  send  away  unceremoniously. 

Check.     To  restrain  the  speed  of. 

Claudicate.     To  limp 

Clip  the  wings.     To  cut  the  wing-feathers;  to  check  ambition. 

Crawl.     To  move  slowly  with  the  body  to  the  ground. 

Creep.     To  crawl  with  slow  movements,  upon  hands  and  knees 

Curb.     To  check  or  control. 

Dawdle.     To  loiter  or  move  lazily. 

Drag.     To  pull  along  against  considerable  resistance. 

Drawl.     To  move  slowly.' 

Falter.     To  be  or  seem  to  be  tottering  or  undecided, 

Flag.     To  move  weakly. 

Grovel.     To  creep  or  crawl  with  face  to  the  ground. 

Halt.     To  cause  to  stop. 

Hang  fire.     To  delay  in  exploding  or  blasting. 

Hobble.     To  walk  with  a  limp. 

Jog  on.     To  move  with  a  slow,  trotting  motion. 

Lag.     To  stay  or  fall  behind;  loiter. 

Limp.     To  walk  lamely. 

Linger.     To  protract  or  to  pass  waitingly. 

Loiter.     To  spend  time  idly. 

Lose  ground.     To  fall  behind. 

Lumber.     To  move  heavilv. 


SWIFTNESS. 


1037 


SWIFTNESS— SLOWNESS. 


SWIFTNESS— SLOWNESS— Continued. 


SWIFTNESS— Denotations— Continued. 

Log.     A  device  for  showing  the  speed  of  a  vessel. 

Log-line.     The  line  of  a  log  attached  to  the  ship. 

Quicksilver.  Mercury,  characterized  by  breaking  up  into  small  par- 
ticles which  move  very  freely. 

Race-horse.     A  horse  trained  to  run  races. 

Squirrel.     A  small  animal  that  moves  very  quickly. 

Steeplechase.  A  race  across  country  in  which  fences,  ditches,  etc., 
must  be  leaped. 

Telegraph.  An  electrical  apparatus  for  sending  and  receiving  mes- 
sages. 

Torrent      A  swift  stream  of  water. 

Trot.  Quadrupedal  motion  in  which  each  pair  of  diagonal  legs  is 
alternately  put  forward. 

Velo.     A  velocity  of  one  foot  per  second. 

Wind.     The  air  in  motion. 

Swiftness — Figurative  Nouns. 

Ariel.     A  spirit  of  the  air  or  of  water;  hence,  a  vety  swift  person. 

[Bible,  Shakespeare,  Milton,  Pope.] 
Camilla.      A  swift-footed  servant  of  Diana;  hence,  a  swift  person. 

[Virgil.] 
Harlequin.      A  buffoon  practised  in  sleight  of  hand;   hence,  an  active 

person. 
Mercury.     The  messenger  of  the  gods;  hence,  a  very  active  person. 

Swiftness — Verbs, 
Accelerate.     To  increase  speed. 
Amble.     To  go  with  a  gentle  pace. 
Be  violent.     To  be  in  a  hurry. 
Bolt.     To  make  a  sudden  dash 
Boom.     To  advance  with  a  rush. 
Bound.     To  leap. 

Bowl  along.     To  move  along  on  wheels. 
Brush.     To  move  lightly  and  quickly. 
Carry  sail.     To  sail  fast. 

Clap  spurs  to  one's  horse.     To  urge  on  forcibly. 
Crowd  sail.     To  carry  as  much  sail  as  possible  to  increase  speed. 
Cut  along.     To  move  along  rapidly. 
Cut  away.     To  break  away. 
Dart.     To  move  swiftly;  like  a  dart. 
Dash  forward.     To  rush  violently  forward. 
Dash  off.     To  go  hastily. 
Dash  on.     To  hurry  on. 
Fisk.     To  run  or  bustle  about. 
FUt.     To  fly  rapidly  from  one  place  to  another. 
Fly.     To  pass  rapi  dly  through  the  air. 

Fly  on  the  wings  of  the  wind.     To  go  with  the  highest  speed. 
Gain  ground.     To  make  headway. 
Gallop.     To  run  or  move  with  speed. 
Get  over  the  ground.     To  go  with  great  speed 
Go  ahead.     To  push  forward. 
Go  off  like  a  shot.     To  start  suddenly. 
Hasten.     To  drive  or  urge  forward. 
Hie.     To  pass  over  with  haste. 

Hurry.     To  move  or  act  rapidly,  or  more  and  more  rapidly. 
Keep  pace  with.     To  go  at  the  same  speed. 
Keep  up.     Not  to  fall  behind. 

Make  forced  marches.     To  make  as  long  marches  as  possible. 
Make  haste.     To  act  with  quickness  and  despatch. 
Make  rapid  strides.     To  progress  rapidly. 

Make  the  best  of  one's  way.     To  make  as  much  progress  as  possible. 
March  in  double  time.      To  march  at  rate  of  180  36-inch  steps  a  min- 
ute. 
March  in  quick  time.     To  march  in  six-eighth  or  two-quarter  time. 
Mend  one's  pace.     To  go  faster. 
Move  quickly.     To  hurry. 
Outstrip.     To  surpass ;  outrun. 
Outstrip  the  wind.     To  po  surpassingly  fast. 
Post.     To  travel  with  post-horses;  hasten. 
Put  on.     To  hasten  motion. 

Put  one's  best  leg  foremost.     To  go  as  fast  as  possible. 
Quicker.     To  increas;  the  activity  of. 
Quicken  one's  pace.      To  walk  more  rapidly. 
Race.     To  run  swiftly;  contend  in  a  race. 
Ride  hard.     To  ride  rapidly. 
Run.     To  move  or  go  swiftly. 
Run  a  race.     To  compete  in  a  running  contest. 
Run  like  mad.     To  run  in  a  furious  manner. 
Rush.     To  move  impetuously. 
Scamper.     To  hasten  from  alarm  or  danger. 
Scour.     To  move,  pass,  or  run  swiftly. 


SLOWNESS— Verbs—  Continued. 

March  in  funeral  procession.     To  proceed  solemnly  and  slowly. 

March  in  slow  time.     To  march  with  slow  and  measured  tread. 

Mince.     To  proceed  with  precise  steps. 

Moderate.     To  reduce  from  a  great  or  excessive  activity. 

Move  slowly.     To  act  with  deliberation. 

Plod.     To  trudge  with  slow  and  steady  steps. 

Put  on  the  drag.     To  check  the  speed  of. 

Reduce  the  speed.     To  go  with  lessened  velocity. 

Reef.     To  lessen  speed  by  reducing  extent  of  sail. 

Rein  in.     To  hold  in  check  with  reins. 

Relax.     To  slacken  speed. 

Retard.     To  diminish  the  velocity  of. 

Rub  on.     To  exist  somehow,  in  spite  of  difficulties. 

Saunter.     To  walk  in  a  leisurely,  aimless  or  lazy  way 

Shamble .     To-  walk  with  a  shuffling  gait. 

Shorten  sail.     To  take  in  or  reef  part  of  the  sails. 

Shuffle.     To  move  scraping  the  feet  along. 

Slacken.     To  retard  motion. 

Slacken  one's  pace.     To  walk  with  less  rapidity. 

Slacken  speed.     To  retard  the  velocity. 

Slouch.     To  move  with  a  clownish  gait. 

Slug.     To  move  slowly  or  lie  idly;  be  sluggish  or  lazy. 

Stagger.     To  move  unsteadily  from  one  side  to  the  other. 

Steal  along.     To  move  along  gradually  or  stealthily. 

Step  short.     To  take  steps  of  fifteen  inches  each. 

Strike  sail.     To  take  in  sail  suddenly. 

Stump  along.     To  walk  heavily  and  stiffly. 

Take  in  sail.     To  reef  part  of  the  sails. 

Take  one's  time.     To  move  leisurely. 

Toddle.     To  walk  with  short  and  unsteady  steps. 

Totter.     To  walk  unsteadily  or  feebly. 

Trail.     To  be  drawn  along. 

Traipse.     To  gad  about  in  an  idle  manner. 

Trudge.     To  make  one's  way  laboriously. 

Wabble.     To  oscillate  or  sway  unsteadily  from  side  to  side. 

Waddle.     To  rock  or  sway  from  side  to  side  when  walking. 

Worm  one's  way.     To  crawl  along  slowly. 

Slowness — Adjectives. 

Creeping.     Proceeding  on  hands  and  knees. 

Deliberative.     Of  or  pertaining  to  being  slow  and  careful  in  decision. 

Dilatory.     Characterized  by  delay. 

Easy.     Causing  no  disquiet  or  discomfort. 

Gentle.     Moderate  in  action. 

Gradual.      Moving  slowly  and  regularly. 

»  .« ?         *  r  That  cannot  be  perceived. 

Languid.     Indisposition  to  physical  exertion. 

Leisurely.     Not  hasty;  deliberate. 

Slack.     Retarded. 

Slow.     Having  relatively  small  velocity. 

Slow-paced.     Moving  or  walking  slowly. 

Sluggish.     Having  little  power  of  motion. 

Snail-like.     Having  a  slow  or  sluggish  movement. 

Tardy,     Having  a  slow  movement. 

Tardigrade.     Slow  in  pace  or  movement  like  one  of  the  Tardigradtw 

Slowness — Adverbs,  etc. 
Adagio  [It.].     Slowly  but  more  rapidly  than  largo. 
At  a  foot's  pace.     At  a  slow  or  walking  pace. 
At  a  funeral  pace.     With  solemn  step  and  slow. 
At  a  snail's  pace.     At  a  very  slow  movement  or  pace. 
At  half-speed.     With  half  velocity. 
Bit  by  bit.     Little  by  little;  gradually. 
By  degrees.     Little  by  little. 
By  inches.     Gradually. 
By  little  and  little.     Gradually;  slowly. 
By  slow  degrees.      Gradually,  by  slow  steps. 
Consecutively.     In  a  logical  sequence. 
Gradatim  [L.].     By  degrees;  a  step  at  a  time. 
Gradually.     By  degrees  or  steps;  slowly. 
Handpassibus  eequis  [L.].  With  steps  not  equal  [to  his  precedessors) 

[Virgil,  JEneid,  II,  724.] 
Inch  by  inch.     By  small  degrees  or  steps. 
In  slow  time.     More  slowly  than  usual. 
Larghetto  [It.].     In  a  time  not  so  slow  as  largo. 
Largo  [It.].     In  slow  musical  time. 
Leisurely.     Deliberately. 
Little  by  little.     A  little  at  a  time;  gradually. 
Piano  [It.].      With  slight  force. 
Seriatim  [L.].     One  after  another. 


SWIFTNESS. 


1038 


SWIVEL. 


SWIFTNESS—  SLOWNESS— 6  onttnued. 


SWIFTNESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Scour  the  plain.     To  pass  over  a  plain  quickly. 

Scud.     To  move  swiftly  over,  as  if  in  haste. 

Scuddle.     To  run  hastily. 

Scuttle.     To  scurry. 

Setoff  at  a  score.     To  start  from  scratch ;  to  start. 

Shoot.     To  dart  along  swiftly. 

Skim.     To  move  lightly  and  swiftly  over  a  surface. 

Spank.     To  move  briskly;  at  a  gait  between  a  trot  and  a  gallop. 

Speed.     To  advance  with  speed. 

Spring.     To  move  suddenly. 

Stir  one's  stumps.     To  walk  or  run  rapidly. 

Sweep.     To  pass  with  speed  or  force  along  some  surface. 

Tear.     To  rush  on  violently. 

Trip.     To  move  quickly  with  light  and  nimble  steps. 

Troll.     To  move  around. 

Trot.     To  hurry. 

Whisk.     To  move  quickly,  lightly  and  suddenly. 

Wing  one's  way.     To  move  by,  or  as  by  the  aid  of  wings. 

Swiftness — Adjectives. 

Active.    Quick. 

Agile.     Able  to  move  or  act  quickly. 

Eagle-winged.     Having  an  eagle's  wings 

Eagly.     Swift  as  an  eagle. 

Electric.     Spirited. 

Expeditious.     Accomplished  with  energy  and  speed. 

Express.     Pertaining  to  quick  or  special  conveyance*  quicit 

Fast.     That  moves  or  acts  rapidly. 

Fleet.     Moving  or  capable  of  moving  swiftly. 

Flying      Intended  or  adapted  to  swift  or  easy  motion. 

Galloping.     Progressing  rapidly. 

Light-footed.     Nimble  in  running  or  dancing. 

Light-legged.     Swift  of  foot. 

Light  of  heel.     Nimble  in  running. 

Mercurial.     Swift,  like  Mercury. 

Nimble.     Showing  easy  quickness. 

Nimble-footed.     Able  to  run  swiftly. 

Quick.     Characterized  by  rapidity  of  movement  or  action. 

Quick  as  %htning.  I  y  ;d 

Quick  as  thought.  >        '      v 

Rapid.     Having  great  speed. 

Speedy.     Moving  swiftly. 

Swift.     Moving  with  high  velocity. 

Swift  as  an  arrow.     Very  swift. 

Swift  as  a  thought.     Momentary 

Telegraphic.     Pertaining  to  the  telegraph;  swift,  as  by  teiegraph. 

Winged.     Passing  swiftly. 


SLOWNESS — Adverbs,  etc. — Continued. 

Slowly.     With  small  velocity. 

Step  by  step.     By  gradual  advance. 

Under  easy  sail.     Leisurely. 

With  clipped  wings.     With  retarded  flight. 

With  mincing  steps.     With  nice  or  exact  steps. 

Slowness — Phrase. 
Dum  Roma  deliberal,  Saguntum  peril  [L.J.    While  Rome  deliberates 
Saguntum  perishes. 

SWIFTNESS— Continued. 
Swiftness — Adverbs,  etc. 
Apace.     At  a  good  and  rapid  pace. 
A  pas  de  geant  [F.  ].     With  giant  strides. 
As  fast  as  one  can  lay  legs  to  the  ground.     Very  rapidly. 
As  fast  as  one's  heels  will  carry  one.     As  fast  as  possible. 
As  fast  as  one's  legs  will  carry  one.     At  full  speed. 
At  a  great  rate.     At  a  fast  pace. 
At  full  speed.     As  rapidly  as  possible. 
At  railway  speed.     Very  rapidly. 
At  the  top  of  one's  speed.     As  fast  as  one  can. 
Full  drive.     With  all  one's  strength  or  speed. 
Full  gallop.     With  horse  at  full  speed. 
In  double-quick  time.     With  a  rapid  march 
In  full  sail.     With  greatest  speed. 
In  seven-league  boots.     With  great  rapidity. 
Instantaneously.     Immediately. 
On  eagle's  wing.     With  rapid  flight. 
Post-haste.     With  the  speed  of  the  post ;  rapidly 
Swiftly.     In  a  swift  manner. 
Tantivy.     With  all  speed. 
Trippingly.     Lightly  and  nimbly. 
Under  press  of  canvas.     Under  all  possible  sail. 
Under  press  of  sail.     Under  as  much  sail  as  the  wind  will  permit 
Under  press  of  sail  and  steam.     As  fast  as  it  is  possible  to  go 
Velis  et  remis  [L  J.     With  sails  and  oars. 
Ventre  a  terre  [F.].     At  full  speed. 
Whip  and  spur.     With  forcible  and  exacting  urgency. 
With  giant  strides.     With  rapid  progress. 
With  haste.     Hastily. 

With  rapid  strides.     With  long,  rapid  and  sweeping  steps. 
With  speed.     Rapidly. 

Swiftness — Phrases. 
Epea  ptervente  [Gr.J.     Winged  words. 
Tentpus  fugit  [h.\     Time  flies. 
Vires  acquirei  eundo  [L.J.     He  acquires  power  or  speed  by  going. 


swig.  A  drunkard;  a  deep  draft  of  liquor;  a  tackle 
having  diverging  falls.  Nutriment-Excretion, 
Push-Pull,  Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

swill.  To  drink  greedily;  inebriate;  liquid  food  for 
animals.  Moderation  -  Selpindulgence,  Nutri- 
ment-Excretion, Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

swim.  To  move  through  water  by  natural  means  of 
propulsion;  float;  seem  buoyed  up.  Ascent-De- 
scent, Heaviness-Lightness,  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion; swim  against  the  stream,  Difficulty-Facility; 
swim  in,  Enough,  Sensuality-Suffering;  swim 
with  the  stream,  Activity-Indolence,  Assent-Dis- 
sent, Conventionality-TJnconventionality,  Va- 
riance-Accord; swim  with  the  tide,  Convention- 
ality, Welfare-Misfortune. 

swim'-ming.  Overflowing.  Saneness  -  Lunacy, 
Sight-Dimsightedness,  Traveling-Navigation. 

swim'-ming-belt" .  A  belt  serving  to  buoy  up  a  person 
in  water.     Refuge-Pitfall. 

swim'-ming-ly.  With  continued  success.  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Success-Failure,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

swin'-dle.  To  cheat;  steal.  Settlement-Default, 
Theft,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

•wln'-dler.  One  who  cheats.  Gull-Deceiver,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

swine.  An  omnivorous  suoid  mammal.  Fauna- 
Flora;   cast  pearls  before  swine,  Provision-Waste, 


Usefulness-Uselessness;  swine  of  Epicurus,  Mod- 
eration-Voluptuary. 

swine'-herd".     A  tender  of  swine.     Chief-Underling. 

swing.  To  oscillate;  turn  on  a  pivot ;  be  hanged;  the 
influence  to  put  in  motion;  the  sweep  of  a  moving 
body;  an  instrument  of  amusement.  Agency,  En- 
tertainment-Weariness,  Extension-  Inexten- 
sion,  Liberty-Subjection,  Suspension-Support, 
Vibration;  full  swing,  Activity-Indolence,  Suc- 
cess-Failure; give  full  swing,  Difficulty-Facility, 
Liberty-Subjection;  have  one's  swing,  Rule-Li- 
cense. 

swinge.     To  whip.     Exculpation-Punition. 

swing'-ing.    Very  large.    Magnitude-Smallness. 

swi'-nish.  Grossly  gluttonous;  beastly.  Fasting- 
Gluttony,  Moderation-Selfindulgence;  swinish 
multitude,  Gentility-Commonalty. 

swink.     To  toil  hard.     Toil-Relaxation. 

swirl.  To  cause  to  whirl  along  in  irregulareddics.  Cir- 
cle-Winding, River-Wind. 

swish.     A  hissing  sound.     Resonance-Sibilation. 

switch.  To  strike  with  something  slender  and  flexible: 
a  flexible  twig.  Recompensf.-Punition,  Recom- 
pense-Scourge. 

Swith'-in,  reign  of  St.     A  period  of  rain.     River- Wind. 

swiv'-el.  A  coupling  device;  a  cannon.  Revolution- 
Evolution,  Weapon. 


SWIVEL-EYE. 


1039 


SYNONYM. 


swiv  -ei-eye" .        A  squint-eye.        Sight-Dimsighted- 

NESS. 

swoll'-en.  Expanded;  proud.  Enlargement-Dimi- 
nution, Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

swoon.  A  fainting-fit.  Might-Impotence,  Weari- 
ness-Refreshment. 

swoop.  To  sweep  down  and  seize.  Ascent-Descent, 
Taking-Restitution;  at  one  fell  swoop,  Eternity- 
Inst/ntaneity,Taking-Restitution,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

swop.     To  exchange.     Exchange. 

sword.  A  keen-edged  weapon.  Weapon;  at  the 
point  of  the  sword,  Coercion,  Fighting-Concilia- 
tion, Harshness-Mildness,  Liberty-Subjection, 
Sharpness-Bluntness;  draw  the  sword,  Fighting- 
Conciliation;  flash  one's  sword,  Fighting-Concil- 
iation; measure  swords,  Fighting-Conciliation, 
Strife-Peace;  put  to  the  sword,  Life-Killing; 
sword  in  hand,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation;  sword  of  Damocles,  Ref- 
uge-Pitfall; turn  sword  into  plowshare,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation. 

swords'-man.  One  skilful  with  the  sword.  Bellig- 
erent. 

Syb'-a-rite.  A  voluptuary.  Moderation-Voluptu- 
ary. 

Syb'-a-ri"-tism.  Voluptuousness.  Moderation-Self- 
indulgence. 

syc'-o-phan-cy.  Obsequious  and  mean  flattery.  Adu- 
lation-Disparagement,Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness. 

syc'-o-phant.  A  servile  flatterer.  Flatterer-De- 
famer,  Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Upright- 
ness-Rogue. 

•?y"-co-phan'-tic.      Fawning.  Adulation -Dispar- 

agement, Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

sy'-en-ite.     A  kind  of  granite.     Blueness-Orange. 

Sykes,  Bill.  A  thief  and  murderer  in  Dickens's  Oliver 
Twist.     Robber. 

syl-lab'-ic.     Consisting  of  syllables.     Letter. 

syl'-la-ble.  A  single  vocal  sound,  Letter;  breathe 
not  a  syllable,  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

syl'-la-bus.  The  outline  of  a  subject;  schedide  of  con- 
tents.    Digest,  Record. 

syl'-lo-gism.  Mediate  reasoning  in  logical  form,.  Di- 
gest. 

sylph.     A  fairy.     Jove-Fiend. 

sylph'-ic.     Like  a  sylph.     Jove-Fiend. 

sylph'-id.     A  little  sylph.     Jove-Fiend. 

sylph'-like.     Like  a  sylph.     Jove-Fiend. 

syl'-van.     Forest-like.     Fauna-Flora. 

sym'-bol.  A  sign  or  mark  representing  something. 
Mineralogy,  Number,  Sign. 

sym-bol'-ic.  Represented  by  symbols.  Mineralogy, 
Sign. 

sym-bol'-ic-al-ly.     Represented  by  symbols.     Sign. 

sym'-bol-ism.     Representation  by  symbols.     Sign. 

sym"-bol-i-za'-tion.  Act  of  representing  by  symbols. 
Sign. 

sym'-bol-ize.  To  represent  by  symbols;  treat  as  figura- 
tive.    Delineation-Caricature,  Sign. 

sym-met'-ric-al.  Having  harmonious  proportions. 
Beauty-Ugliness,  Equality-Inequality,  Propor- 
tion-Deformity, Regularity-Irregularity. 

sym'-met-ry.  Harmony  of  the  parts  of  a  body.  Beau- 
ty-Ugliness. Center,  Equality-Inequality,  Min- 
eralogy, Proportion-Deformity,  Regularity-Ir- 
regularity; want  of  symmetry,  Proportion-De- 
formity, Regularity-Irregularity. 

sym"-pa-thet'-ic.  Having  a  like  feeling  with  another. 
Amity-Hostility,  Charitableness-Malevolence, 
Compassion-Ruthlessness,  Love-Hate. 

sym'-pa-thi"-zer.     A  partizan.     Charitableness-Ma- 


levolence, Compassion-Ruthlessness,  Friend- 
Foe. 

sym'-pa-thy.  Fellow-feeling;  pity;  harmony;  accord. 
Affections,  Amity-Hostility,  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Compassion-Ruthlessness,  Con- 
dolence, Emotion,  Felicitation,  Variance-Ac- 
cord. 

sym-pho'-ni-ous.     Harmonious.   Melody-Dissonance. 

sym'-pho-nize .  To  be  in  harmony.  Melody-Disso- 
nance. 

sym'-phc-ni"-zing.  Harmonizing.  Melody -Disso- 
nance. 

sym'-pho-ny.  Harmony  of  mingled  sounds;  a  musical 
composition.  Music,  Predecessor-Continuation, 
Variance-Accord. 

sym'-phy-sis.     The  union  of  parts  normally  separate. 

■    Union-Disunion. 

sym-po'-si-um.  A  conversational  feast.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 

synrp'-tom.  A  sign  which  points  out  the  existence  of 
something.     Sign. 

symp"-to-mat'-ic.     Indicative.     Sign. 

symp"-to-ma-tol'-o-gy.  That  branch  of  medicine 
which  treats  of  symptoms.  Interpretation-Mis- 
interpretation. 

syn'-a-gogue.     A  Jewish  place  of  worship.     Fane. 

syn"-a-le'-pha.  Suppression  of  a  vowel.  Rhet- 
oric. 

syn"-a-phei'-a.  Kind  of  metrical  flow.  Rhet- 
oric 

syn'-chro-nal.  One  of  two  or  more  events  happening 
simultaneously.     Synchronism. 

syn-chron'-ic-al.  Coincidence  in  time.  Synchro- 
nism. 

syn'-chro-nism.  Coincidence    in    time    of   different 

events.     Coexistence. 

syn-chron'-is-ti-cal.  Happening  at  the  same  time. 
Synchronism. 

syn'-chro-nize.  To  assign  the  same  date  to.  Soli- 
tude-Company, Synchronism. 

syn'-chro-nous.     Coincident.     Synchronism. 

syn'-chy-sis.  A  derangement  of  any  sort.  Rever- 
sal. 

syn"-co-pa'-tion.  Contraction  by  syncope;  to  begin  on 
an  unaccented  part  of  a  measure  and  end  on  an  ac- 
cented part.     Melody-Dissonance. 

syn'-co-pe.  The  elision  of  a  vowel  or  syllable  from  the 
middle  of  a  word;  a  fainting-fit;  the  beginning  of  a 
tone  on  an  unaccented  part  of  a  measure  and  ending 
on  an  accented  part.  Melody-Dissonance,  Might- 
Impotence,  Rhetoric, Terseness-Prolixity  .Wear- 
iness-Refreshment. 

syn-cret'-ic.  Blending  parties  or  systems.  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization. 

syn'-cre-tism.  An  attempt  to  blend  different  philo- 
sophic schools  and  religious  sects  into  one  system. 
Harmony-Discord,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

syn"-cre-tis'-tic.  Pertaining  to  syncretism.  Organ- 
ization-Disorganization. 

syn'-cri-sis.     Contrast.     Rhetoric. 

syn'-dic.  A  civil  magistrate.  Chief  -  Underling, 
Judge. 

syn'-di-cate .     A  combination  of  capitalists.     Council 

syn-ec'-do-che .     A  figure  of  speech.    Rhetoric,  Trope. 

syn'-er-gism.  The  combined  efforts  of  the  human  be- 
ing and  divine  grace  in  the  salvation  of  the  soul.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

syn'-od.  An  ecclesiastical  council.  Church,  Coun- 
cil. 

syn'-o-nym.  A  word  having  the  same  or  nearly  the 
same  meaning  as  another.  Interpretation-Misin- 
terpretation, Meaning-Jargon,  Rhetoric,  Syno- 
nym-Antonym. 


SYNONYM. 


1040 


SYZYGY. 


SYNONYM— ANTONYM. 


Equivalent.     Expression  carrying  the  same  meaning  as  another. 
Equivalent  term.  1  A  word  or  phrase  expressing  the  same  thought  as 
Equivalent  word./      another 

Synonym.     Word  having  nearly  the  same  meaning  as  another. 
Variant.     Strict  synonym ;  word  differing  from  another  only  in  form 

of  spelling. 
Words  of  same  meaning.     Expressions  of  the  same  thought. 

Synonym — Associated  Nouns. 
Homonym.     A  word  differing  in  meaning  from  another,  but  having 

the  same  sound. 
Homonymy.     Sameness  of  sound  or  name,  with  diversity  of  sense. 
Synonymicon.     A  dictionary  of  synonyms. 
Synonymies.  \ 

Synonymity.  /■  The  state  of  being  synonymous. 
Synonymy.    J 

Synonym — Verb. 
Synonymize.     To  express  by  equivalent  words;   give  the  synonyms 
of. 

S  y  no  n  y  m — Adjectives . 

Alike.     Having  likeness  in  any  respect. 
Correspondent.!  AKk   in  meani 
Corresponding.) 

EqulpolwTn..  1  Having  equal  power  or  f  orce- 

syn"-o-nym'-ic.      Synonymous.     Synonym-Antonym. 

syn"-o-nym'-i-con.  Book  of  synonyms.  Synonym- 
Antonym. 

syn"-o-nym'-ics.     Synonymy.     Synonym-Antonym. 

syn"-o-nym'-i-ty.  State  of  being  synonymous.  Syno- 
nym-Antonym. 

syn-on'-y-mize.  Give  synonyms  of.  Synonym-An- 
tonym. 

syn-on'-y-mous.  Having  a  close  relation  to  each  other. 
Equality-Inequality,  Interpretation-Misinter- 
pretation, Meaning-Jargon,  Rhetoric,  Syno- 
nym-Antonym. 

syn-on'-y-my.  Sameness  of  meaning.  Synonym- 
Antonym. 

syn-op'-sis.  A  summary;  a  general  view.  Digest, 
Organization-Disorganization,  Record. 

syn-op'-tic.     Containing  or  being  a  synopsis.     Digest. 

syn-o  -vi-a.  The  fluid  secreted  in  the  interior  of  the 
joints  to  keep  them  moist  and  lubricated.  Friction- 
Lubrication,  Viscidity-Oil. 

syn-tac'-tic.  Relating  to  grammatical  construction. 
Grammar-Solecism. 

syn-tag'-ma.  An  orderly  arrangement.  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization. 

syn'-tax.  The  part  of  grammar  which  treats  of  the  sen- 
tence and  its  construction.     Grammar-Solecism. 


Antithesis.     The  placingpof  words  or  clauses  in  contrast. 

Antonym.     A  word  whose   meaning  is    opposite   that  of  another. 

Counter-term.     A  term  or  word  which  is  the  opposite  of  another  in 

meaning. 
Opposite  term.     A  word  or  phrase  expressing  a  contrary  meaning. 

Antonym — Adjectives. 

tn!-^'«C"i  I  Placed  in  contrast. 
Antithetical.) 

Different.     Not  the  same. 

Not  identical.     Having  different  meanings. 

Opposed  in  meaning.     Expressing  different  thoughts. 


SYNONYM — Adjectives — Continued. 

Identical.     Exactly  the  same. 

Interchangeable.     Capable  of  being  used  the  one  for  the  other. 

Of  similar  meaning.    |  E  ;      the  same  thought. 

Of  the  same  meaning.) 

Same.     Not  different. 

Similar.     Alike  in  respect  to  certain   aspects  of  the  meaning  of  a 

word. 
Synonymic.     Of.  or  pertaining  to  synonyms. 
Synonymous.     Expressing  the  same. 

syn-tax'-is.  A  joint.  Organization  -  Disorganiza- 
tion. 

syn'-the-sis.  The  putting  together  of  different  things 
to  form  a  whole.  Composition-Resolution,  Rati- 
ocination-Instinct. 

syn-thet'-ic.  Pertaining  to  synthesis.  Composition- 
Resolution,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

syr'-inge.  An  instrument  for  withdrawing  or  ejecting 
a  liquid.     River-Wind,  Water-Air. 

syr'-up.  A  thick,  sweet  liquid.  Sweetness-Acid- 
ity. 

sys'-tem.  Orderly  arrangement;  plan.  Design, 
Regularity-Irregularity;  system  of  knowledge, 
Knowledge-Ignorance;  system  of  opinions,  Faith- 
Misgiving. 

sys"-tem-at'-ic.  Methodical.  Organization-Disor- 
ganization, Regularity-Irregularity. 

sys"-tem-at'-ic-al-ly.  Methodically.  Regularity-Ir- 
regularity. 

sys'-tem-a-tize.  To  reduce  to  a  system.  Design,  Or- 
ganization-Disorganization. 

sys'-to-le.  The  regular  contraction  of  the  b^art;  short- 
ening of  a  syllable.  Enlargement-Diminution, 
Rhetoric. 

syz'-y-gy.  The  times  of  both  new  and  full  moon.  As- 
tronomy, Interspace-Contact. 


1041 


TAILORING. 


T,  to  a  T.    Exactly.    Truth-Error. 

tab'-ard.  A  heavy,  coarse  garment.  Dress-Un- 
dress. 

tab'-by.  Marked  with  spots;  a  gossip.  Conversation- 
Monologue,  Variegation. 

tab"-e-fac'-tion.  Emaciation.  Enlargement-Dimi- 
nution. 

ta-ber'-na.    A  tent;  booth.     Dweller-Habitation. 

tab'-er-na-cle.  A  tent;  a  temple.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion, Fane. 

ta-bes'-cence.  A  state  of  emaciation.  Renovation- 
Relapse. 

tab'-id.  Wasted  by  disease;  shrunken.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Breadth-Narrowness,  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution, Health-Sickness. 

ta'-ble.  A  piece  of  furniture;  fare;  a  systematized 
synopsis;  layer.  Lamina-Fiber,  Levelness,  Nu- 
triment-Excretion, Organization-Disorganiza- 
tion, Suspension-Support,  Writing-Printing;  on 
the  table,  Preparation-Nonpreparation;  table  of 
the  Lord,  Fane;  turn  the  tables,  Reversal;  under 
the  table,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Teetotalism- 
Intemperance. 

ta"-bleau'.  A  picturesque  representation;  a  list. 
Acting,  Appearance-Disappearance,  Painting, 
Record. 

table  d'h&te  [F.]  (tabl  dot).  A  common  table  at  a 
hotel.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

ta'-ble-land".  A  plateau.  Erectness-Flatness, 
Gulf-Plain. 

ta'-ble-spoon".  A  large  spoon  for  table  use.  Contents- 
Receiver. 

ta'-ble-talk".  Conversation  at  table.  Conversation- 
Monologue,  Tidings-Mystery. 

tab'-let.  A  pad;  a  flat  surface  for  an  inscription. 
Lamina-Fiber,  Levelness,  Mark-Obliteration, 
Writing-Printing. 

tab'-lets.  Pads;  records;  Tablets  of  the  memory,  Re- 
membrance-Forgetfulness. 

ta'-ble-turn"-ing.  Mysterious  movement  of  tables. 
Devotion-Magic 

ta'-ble-ware".  Ware  for  table  use.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

ta-bli'-er.     An  apron.     Dress-Undress. 

tab-li'-num.  The  record-room  of  an  old  Roman  house. 
Contents-Receiver. 

ta"-boo'.  To  ostracize;  to  mark  as  sacred.  Devotion- 
Magic,  Leave-Prohibition. 

ta'-bor.    A  small  drum.     Musical  Instruments. 

tab'-o-rine.     A  tabor.     Musical  Instruments. 

tab'-ou-ret.     A  stool.     Suspension-Support. 

tab'-ou-rine.     A  drum.     Musical  Instruments. 

tab'-ret.    A  small  drum.     Musical  Instruments. 

tabula  rasa  [L.]  (tab'-yu-la  re'-sa).  The  mind  in  its 
earliest  state.  Difficulty-Facility,  Entity-Non- 
entity, Knowledge-Ignorance,  Mark-Oblitera- 
tion, Presence-Absence. 

tab'-u-lar.  Computed  with  a  mathematical  table.  Num- 
bering. 

tab'-u-late.  To  arrange  systematically.  Continuity- 
Interruption,  Organization-Disorganization. 

tab"-u-la'-tion.       Systematic     arrangement.       Mark- 
Obliteration. 
ta-chyg'-ra-phy.     Stenography.     Writing-Printing. 
tacent,  satis  laudant   [L.]    (te'-sent,  sS'-tis   lau'-dant). 
66 


They  are  silent,  they  give  enough  praise.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Sound-Silence. 

tac'-it.  Inferred;  silent.  Clearness-Obscurity,  Mani- 
festation-Latency. 

tac'-i-turn.     Silent.     Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

tac"-i-tur'-ni-ty.  Reticence.  Talkativeness -Taci- 
turnity. 

Tac'-i-tus.     Roman  historian.    Terseness-Prolixity. 

tack.  A  small  nail;  to  change  one's  course.  Aim- 
Aberration,  Connective,  Mutation-Permanence, 
Union-Disunion,  Way;  go  upon  another  tack, 
Bigotry-Apostasy;  tack  to,  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion; tack  together,  Union-Disunion;  wrong  tack, 
Success-Failure. 

tack'-le.  To  grapple  with;  equipment.  Connective, 
Enterprise,  Instrument,  Management. 

tack'-ling.  Tackle  collectively,  or  material  for  it.  In- 
strument. 

tack'-tack".    A  quickly  repeated  beat.     Recurrence. 

tact.  Adroitness.  Differentiation-Indiscrimina- 
tion, Sagacity-Incapacity,  Skill-Unskilfulness, 
Taste-Vulgarity,  Tingling;  want  of  tact,  Taste- 
Vulgarity. 

tac'-tic-al.    Strategic.    Craft-Artlessness. 

tac-ti'-cian.    An  expert  in  tactics.    Adept-Bungler. 

tac'-tics.  Adroit  management.  Conduct,  Fighting- 
Conciliation. 

tac'-tile.     Tangible.     Touch. 

tac-til'-i-ty.    State  or  quality  of  being  tactile.    Touch. 

tac'-tion.    State  of  contact.    Touch. 

tac'-tu-al.     Tangible.     Touch. 

tad'-pole".  A  stage  in  the  growth  of  a  frog.  Infant- 
Veteran. 

tcsdium  vilcB  [L.]  (ti'-di-um  vai'-ti).  Irksomeness. 
Entertainment- Weariness,  Lightheartedness- 
Dejection. 

tael.    A  Chinese  monetary  unit.    Money,  Values. 

taf'-fe-ta.  A  silk-and-linen  fabric.  Dress-Undress, 
Materials. 

taf'-fy.  A  sweet  candy;  sweet  words.  Adulation- 
Disparagement,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Sweet- 
ness-Acidity. 

tag.  To  join;  to  label.  Addition-Subtraction,  Be- 
ginning-End, Connective,  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Predecessor -Continuation,     Sharpness -Blunt- 

NESS. 

tag-H-o'-ni.     A  style  of  overcoat.     Dress-Undress. 

tag'-rag".  A  fluttering  rag.  Tag-rag  and  bobtail,  Gen- 
tility-Commonalty. 

tag'-tail''.  A  hanger-on.  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness 

tail.  The  hindmost  part  of  an  animal.  Anteriority- 
Posteriority,  Beginning-End,  Increment-Rem- 
nant, Predecessor-Continuation,  Suspension- 
Support;  estate  tail,  Property;  tail  off,  Increase- 
Decrease;  turn  tail,  Quest-Evasion. 

tail'-age.    To  tax.    Price-Discount. 

tail' -coat".    A  dress  coat.     Dress-Undress. 

tailed.    Having  a  tail.    Suspension-Support. 

tail'-end".  The  hind  part  of  anything.  Beginning- 
End. 

tai'-lor.  A  maker  of  men's  clothes.  Agent,  Dress- 
Undress. 

tai'-lor-ing.  The  work  of  a  tailor.  Dress-Un  ^ress. 
Pomp. 


TAIL-PIECE. 


1042 


TAKEN. 


tail'-piece".    An  appendage.    Embellishment-Disfig- 
urement, Engraving,  Predecessor-Continuation. 
tail'-race".  <    A   mining   instrument.      Watercourse- 

AlRPIPE. 

taint.  To  corrupt.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Cleanness  -  Filthiness,  Faultlessness  -  Faulti- 
ness,  Health-Sickness,  Reputation-Discredit. 

taint'-ed.  Corrupted.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Cleanness  -  Filthiness,  Faultlessness  -  Faulti- 
ness,  Health-Sickness,  Perfume-Stench. 

taint'-less.     Pure.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

tain'-ture.    Stain;  taint.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

taj.     A  head-dress.     Dress-Undress. 

take.  To  gain  possession  of.  Clearness-Obscurity, 
Faith-Misgiving,  Giving-Receiving,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Success-Failure,  Taking-Res- 
titution; give  and  take,  Reprisal-Resistance, 
Right-Wrong;  take  aback,  Expectation-Surprise; 
take  a  course,  Conduct,  Quest-Evasion  ;  take  action, 
Action-Passiveness;  take  a  disease,  Health-Sick- 
ness; take  advice,  Advice;  take  after,  Imitation- 
Originality,  Likeness-Unlikeness;  take  a  hint, 
Sagacity-Incapacity;  take  a  leaf  out  of  another's 
book,  Imitation-Originality;  take  a  lease,  Loan- 
Borrowing;  take  a  liberty,  Liberty-Subjection; 
take  a  likeness,  Delineation-Caricature;  take  an 
account  of,  Numbering;  take  an  ell,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness;  take  an  infection,  Health-Sick- 
ness; take  a  peep,  Sight-Blindness;  take  aside, 
Address-Response;  take  a  turn,  Mutation-Perma- 
nence; take  au  seneux,  Beauty-Ugliness;  take 
away,  Addition-Subtraction,  Establishment-Re- 
moval, Substance-Nullity,  Taking-Restitution; 
take  away  life,  Life-Killing;  take  back  again,  Tak- 
ing-Restitution; take  by  surprise,  Expectation- 
Surprise;  take  by  the  button,  Address-Response; 
take  by  the  hand,  Astonishment-Expectance,  Ob- 
struction-Help; takecare,RECKLESSNESs-CAUTioN; 
take  care  of,  Attack-Defense,  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness, Security-Insecurity;  take  comfort,  Al- 
leviation-Aggravation, Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment;  take  coolly,  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility; take  down,  Action-Passiveness,  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Elevation -Depression,  Mark- 
Obliteration,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Reputa- 
tion-Discredit, Selfrespect-Humbleness;  take 
easily,  Excitability-Inexcitability;  take  effect, 
Agency,  Occurrence-Destiny,  Success-Failure; 
take  exception,  Approval-Disapproval,  Modifica- 
tion; take  fire,  Favorite-Anger,  Heating-Cool- 
ing; take  flight,  Arrival-Departure,  Quest-Eva- 
sion; take  for,  Faith-Misgiving;  take  for  better  or  for 
worse,  Choice-Neutrality,  Matrimony-Celibacy; 
take  for  gospel,  Credulousness-Skepticism,  Faith- 
Misgiving;  take  for  granted,  Faith-Misgiving,  Hy- 
pothesis; take  from,  Addition-Subtraction,  Tak- 
ing-Restitution; take  heart,  Contentedness-Dis- 
contentment,  Lightheartedness-Dejection;  take 
heed,  Recklessness-Caution;  take  hold  of,  Cohe- 
sion-Looseness, Taking-Restitution;  take  hold  of 
the  mind,  Faith-Misgiving;  take  ill,  Contented- 
ness-Discontentment;  take  in,  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Clearness-Obscurity,  Giving-Receiving, 
Inclusion-Omission,  Length-Shortness,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud; take  in  an  Idea,  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity; take  in  good  part,  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Contentedness-Discontentment,  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability, Pleasure-Pain,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness; take  in  hand,  Education-Mis- 
teaching,  Enterprise,  Obstruction-Help;  take  in 
sail,  Swiftness-Slowness;  take  into  account,  Ad- 
mission-Exclusion,   Differentiation-Indiscrimi- 


nation, Modification;  take  into  consideration,  Dif- 
ferentiation -  Indiscrimination,  Investigation- 
Answer,  Reflection-Vacancy;  take  into  custody, 
Release-Restraint;  take  into  one's  head,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Faith-Misgiving,  Hypothesis,  Persist- 
ence-Whim, Purpose-Luck;  take  it,  Faith-Mis- 
giving, Hypothesis;  take  its  course,  Discontinu- 
ance-Continuance, Occurrenge-Destiny;  take  its 
rise,  Beginning-End,  Cause-Effect;  take  leave  of, 
Politeness-Impoliteness,  Quest-Abandonment; 
take  measures,  Design;  take  money, Conduct,  Out- 
lay-Income; take  no  care  of,  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness; take  no  denial,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Co- 
ercion; take  no  interest  in,  Sensitiveness-Apathy; 
take  no  note  of,  Carefulness-Carelessness;  take 
no  note  of  time,  Chronology-Anachronism  ;  take  no 
notice,  Heed-Disregard;  take  off,  Creation-De- 
struction, Dress-Undress,  Establishment-Re- 
moval, Imitation-Originality,  Price-Discount; 
take  off  one's  hands,  Giving-Receiving;  take  off  the 
hat,  Politeness-Impoliteness;  take  on,  Content- 
edness-Discontentment, Lightiieartedness-De-, 
jection;  take  on  credit,  Faith-Misgiving;  take  one 
at  one's  word,  Consent,  Contract;  take  one's  chance, 
Purpose-Luck,  Venture  ;  take  one's  choice,  Choice- 
Neutrality;  take  oneself  off,  Arrival-Departure; 
take  one's  fancy,  Desire-Distaste,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness;  take  one's  oath,  Assertion-De- 
nial; take  one  with  another,  Medium;  take  on  trust, 
Credulousness-Skepticism,  Faith-Misgiving;  take 
out,  Injection-Ejection,  Mark-Obliteration;  take 
part  with,  Antagonism-Concurrence;  take  pattern 
by,  Imitation-Originality;  take  pen  in  hand,  Writ- 
ing-Printing; take  place,  Occurrence-Destiny; 
take  possession  of,  Taking-Restitution;  take  pre- 
cedence, Leading-Following,  Precedence-Suc- 
cession, Supremacy-Subordinacy  ;  take  root,  Estab- 
lishment-Removal, Mutability-Stability;  take 
ship,  Traveling-Navigation;  take  steps,  Action- 
Passiveness,  Conduct,  Design,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation  ;  take  stock,  Numbering  ;  take  the  chair, 
President-Member;  take  the  consequences,  Cause- 
Effect;  take  the  good  the  gods  provide,  Contented- 
ness-Discontentment; take  the  lead,  Beginning- 
End,  Precedence-Succession,  Rule-License;  take 
the  place  of,  Commutation-Permutation;  take  the 
shine  out  of,  Supremacy-Subordinacy;  take  things 
as  they  come,  Activity-Indolence,  Excitability- 
Inexcitability;  take  time,  Duration-Neverness, 
Earliness-Lateness,  Hurry-Leisure  ;  take  time  by 
the  forelock,  Earliness-Lateness;  take  to,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Habit-Desuetude,  Love-Hate,  Pleas- 
ure-Pain, Quest-Evasion,  Use-Disuse;  take  to 
heart, Contentedness-Discontentment,  Pleasure- 
Pain;  take  to  pieces,  Action-Passiveness,  Union- 
Disunion  ;  take  up,  Approval-Disapproval,  Choice- 
Neutrality,  Elevation-Depression,  Enterprise, 
Essay,  Investigation-Answer,  Loan-Borrowing, 
Quest-Evasion,  Release-Restraint;  take  up  a 
case,  Ratiocination-Instinct;  take  up  an  inquiry, 
Investigation-Answer;  take  up  arms,  Fighting- 
Conciliation;  take  up  money,  Loan-Borrowing; 
take  up  one's  abode,  Dweller-Habitation,  Estab- 
lishment-Removal; take  up  one's  pen,  Writing- 
Printing;  take  upon  oneself,  Duty-Dereliction, 
Engagement-Release,  Enterprise;  take  up  the 
cudgels,  Attack-Defense,  Fighting-Conciliation, 
Strife-Peace;  take  up  with,  Contentedness-Dis- 
contentment, Use-Disuse;  take  warning,  Warn- 
ing; take  wing,  Arrival-Departure. 
ta'-ken.  Past  participle  of  take.  Be  taken,  Life- 
Death;  be  taken  ill,  Health  -  Sickness:  be  taken 
with,  Love-Hate. 


TAKER. 


1043 


TAKING—RESTITUTION. 


ta'-ker.    One  who  takes.     Taking-Restitution. 
ta'-king.     Contagious;  attractive.     Healthiness-Un- 


healthiness,    Taking-Restitution;   in   &   taking, 
Favorite-Anger,  Pleasure-Pain. 


TAKING— RESTITUTION. 


Abduction.     Act  of  taking  away  wrongfully. 

Ablation.     Act  of  taking  from,  as  amputation. 

Abruption.     A  sudden  breaking 

Abstraction.     Act  of  removing;  theft. 

Ademption.     A  taking  away. 

Apprehension.     The  act  of  taking  hold  of. 

Appropriation.     The  act  of  taking  apart  for  a  particular  use. 

Bereavement.  Act  or  state  of  being  bereaved,  particularly  by  the 
death  of  a  friend. 

Caption.     Act  of  taking  unawares;  imposition. 

Capture.     Act  of  taking  forcibly. 

Catch.     The  act  of  grasping  or  seizing. 

Clutch.     A  seizure,  or  attempt  at  seizure,  as  if  with  claws. 

Confiscation.     Act  of  taking  by  forfeiture. 

Deglutition.     Act  of  swallowing. 

Deprehension.     A  seizing  or  taking  away. 

Deprivation.     Act  of  depriving,  or  state  of  being  deprived. 

Deprivement.     Deprivation. 

Dispossession.     The  taking  away  of  possession. 

Distraint.     The  act  of  taking  security  for  a  debt. 

Distress.     In  law,  synonymous  with  distraint. 

Divestment.     The  act  of  taking  away  from. 

Eviction.  The  act  of  taking  away;  alienating,  as  property.  See 
Admission-Expulsion. 

Extortion.     Taking  by  violence,  threats,  or  compulsion. 

Grip.     The  act  of  grasping  firmly..   See  Keeping. 

Haul.,    A  pulling  with  force. 

Prehension.     Act  of  laying  hold  of,  or  grasping. 

Prensation.     The  act  of  seizing. 

Rapacity.     Disposition  to  seize  by  violence  or  greedy  methods. 

Reception.     The  act  of  receiving. 

Recovery.     The  act  of  recovering  or  regaining.     See  Gain. 

Reprisal.     Forcible  seizure  of  anything  by  way  of  retaliation. 

Reprise.     A  retaliatory  seizure. 

Resumption.     The  act  of  taking  again. 

Scramble.     A  struggle  to  seize  something. 

Seizure.     The  act  of  taking  forcibly. 

Sequestration.  The  act  of  seizing,  particularly  for  government  ser- 
vice; confiscation. 

Subtraction.     A  taking  away  from  something. 

Swoop.     Any  sudden  approach,  as  for  seizing. 

Take.     The  act  of  taking  in  any  sense.     See  Verbs. 

Taking.     Act  of  one  who  takes. 

Theft.     The  act  of  stealing.     See  Thept. 

Vampirism.     The  practise  of  extortion  or  of  preying  upon  others. 

Wrench.    A  twisting  from 

Taking — Nouns  of  Agent, 
Captor.     One  who  takes  captive. 
Kidnapper.     Man-stealer. 
Reseizer.     One  who  seizes  again. 
Taker.     One  who  takes. 

Taking — Verbs. 
Abduct.     To  take  away  wrongfully. 
Absorb.     To  take  up,  as  by  suction.     See  Admission. 
Abstract.     To  take  away. 
Accept.     To  take  an  offer. 
Accroach.     To  draw  to  oneself. 

Adeem      To  take  away,  as  in  law.  . 

Appropriate.     To  take  for  some  particular  use. 
Assume.     To  take  upon  oneself. 
Bag.     To  seize,  capture. 
Bear  away.)  ~ 
Bear  off.  'I  To  remove. 

Bereave.     To  take  away  from. 
Capture.     To  take  by  force. 

assrhouicfron, 

Catch.     To  take  hold  of. 

Catch  at.     To  attempt  to  take. 

Catch  hold  of.     To  grasp. 

Catch  up.     To  pick  up  suddenly. 

Clap  one's  hands  on.     To  seize  with  the  hands. 

Clasp.     To  hold  firmly. 

Claw.     To  tear  or  scratch  at  as  with  the  claws  or  nails. 

Clench.     To  take  a  firm  grasp. 

Clinch.     To  take  with  a  tight  grip. 

Clutch.     To  seize  with  the  hand. 


Atonement.     The  act  by  which  restitution  is  made. 

Recovery.     The  getting  or  gaining  of  something  previously  had. 

Recuperation.     Act  of  recovery. 

Reddition.     A  returning. 

Redemption.     The  act  of  regaining  possession  of  by  the  payment  of 

a  price. 
Rehabilitation.     A  restitution  to  a  former  position.     See  Renova. 

TION. 

Reinvestment.     Act  of  repeating  an  investment. 

Release.     To  make  restitution  from  debt. 

Rendition.     Act  of  yielding  possession. 

Reparation.     Restitution  for  a  wrong. 

Replevin.     The  recovery  of  the  possession  of  goods  by  a  person** 

action  at  law. 
Restitution.     Act  of  returning  what  has  been  taken 
Restoration.     Act  of  restoring. 
Return.     A  rendering  back. 
Reversion.     The  returning  of  an  estate  to  the  grantor. 

Restitution — Noun  of  Agent. 
Remitter.     One  making  remittance  for  payment. 

Restitution — Verbs. 
Bring  back. 
Carry  back. 
Disgorge.     To  make  restitution,  as  for  dishonesty. 


■  To  place  in  a  former  place. 


To  give  to  the  rightful  owner. 


Give  back.) 
Give  up.     ) 

Let  go.     To  lose  one's  hold  upon. 

Recoup.     To  make  restitution  for  a  loss. 

Recover.     To  gain  restitution  by  judicial  proceedings.     See  Qain. 

Redeem.     To  recover,  to  rescue. 

Regorge.     To  throw  back  again. 

Regurgitate.     To  surge  back. 

Rehabilitate.     To  restore  to  a  former  position. 

Reimburse.     To  pay  back;  restore. 

Reinvest.     To  invest  again. 

Remit.     To  relax,  to  restore. 

Render.     To  give  to. 

Render  up.     To  give  up  an  account. 

Repair.     To  make  a  restoration  of.     See  Renovation. 

Restore.     To  make  restitution  for  what  has  been  lost. 

Return.     To  give  back  in  restitution. 

Revert.     To  turn  back. 

Revest.     To  make  restitution  of  position  or  office. 

Take  back  again.     To  take  what  one  had  before. 

Unclutch.     To  release  from  clutching'. 

Restitution — Adjectives. 
Recuperative.     Pertaining  to  recovery.     See  Renovation. 
Restoring.     Giving  up      See  Verbs. 

Restitution — Phrase. 
Suum  cuique  [L.]      To  each  one  his  own. 


TAKING— Verbs— Continued. 

Collar.     To  take  by  the  collar. 

Confiscate.     To  take  as  a  forfeit  under  legal  authority. 

Crimp.     To  seize. 

Crop.     To  pull  off;  pluck. 

Cull.     To  gather,  collect. 

Deduct.     To  take  away  from.     See  Addition-Subtraction. 

Deprive  of.     To  take  away. 

Despoil.     To  take  away  from  by  force. 

Dip  one's  hands  into.     To  take  a  part  in. 

Displume.     To  take  off  plumes,  hence,  to  strip  of  honors. 

Dispossess.     To  deprive  of  occupancy. 

Distrain.     To  seize  goods. 

Divest.     To  take  off. 

Drain.     To  draw  off  gradually. 

Drain  to  the  dregs.     To  take  all  of  anything. 

Draw.     To  take  along  after,  take  from. 

Draw  off.     To  take  from. 

Dry.     To  take  moisture  from. 

Ease  one  of.     To  relieve. 

Eat  out  of  bouse  and  home.     To  ruin  by  gluttony. 

Embrace.     To  take  in  the  arms 

Exhaust.     To  take  away  the  whole  of  anything. 


TAKING 


1044 


TALK. 


TAKING — Verbs — Continued. 


Extort.     To  take  by  force;  to  twist  out. 

Fasten  upon.     Take  firm  hold  of. 

Fleece.     To  take  away  from  under  a  pretext. 

Gather.     To  take  together;  unite;  assemble.     See  Gain. 

Get  hold  of.     To  grasp. 

Grab.     To  take  with  a  sudden  grasp. 

Grapple       To  seize  closely. 

Grip.     To  take  with  forcible  grasp. 

Gripe.     To  hold  close. 

Gut.     To  take  out  the  entrails. 

Help  oneself  to.     To  take  what  one  wishes. 

Hook.     To  take  by  stealth . 

Hurry  off  with.     To  seize  hurriedly. 

Impropriate.     To  take  for  private  use 

Impoverish.     To  take  away  the  strength  richness,  or  fertility  of. 

Intercept.     To  take  from  its  course. 

Jump  at.     To  take  eagerly 

Kidnap.     To  take  one  away  by  force. 

Lay  by  the  heels.     To  put  in  the  stocks;  hence,  to  imprison. 

Lay  fast  hold  of.     To  seize  securely. 

Lay  hold  of.     To  seize. 

Lay  one's  hands  on.     To  find. 

Lay  under  contribution.     To  assess. 

Lay  violent  hands  on.     To  seize  by  force. 

Levy.     To  raise  or  collect. 

Make  a  grab  at.     To  grasp  at  suddenly 

Make  a  long  arm.     To  reach  for. 

Make  free  with.     To  treat  with  freedom. 

Make  sure  of.     To  make  certain. 

Nab.     To  take  with  a  sudden  grasp. 

Nip  up.     To  steal. 

Oust.     To  take  away.     See  Admission-Expulsion. 

Pluck.     To  take  from. 

Pocket.     To  take  secretly. 

Possess  oneself  of.     To  take  in  one's  possession. 

Pounce  upon.     To  seize  eagerly. 

Put  into  one's  pocket.     Generally,  by  stealth. 

Ravish.     To  take  away  violently. 

Reach.     To  try  to  take. 

Reap.     To  obtain;  take  as  a  reward. 

Reave.     To  take  by  violence. 

Receive.     To  take,  as  offered. 

Recover.     To  take  back.     See  Gain. 

Resume.     To  take  again,  or  back. 

Retake.     To  take  again. 


Retrench.     To  lessen;  deprive  of.     See  Lhngth-Shortnbss. 

Run  away  with.     To  steal. 

Sack.     To  plunder. 

Scramble  for.     To  seize  at  eagerly. 

Seize.     To  take  forcibly 

Sequester.     To  take  from  the  owner  for  a  time. 

Sequestrate.     To  take  apart  from  others 

Shear.     To  take  off  by  cutting  with  shears. 

Snap  at.     To  suddenly  seize  at 

Snap  up.     To  seize  up  suddenly. 

Snatch.     To  take  quickly. 

Snatch  at.     To  seize  at  hastily. 

Snatch  from  one's  grasp.     To  take  from  one  who  is  holding 

Spring  upon.     To  start  upon  suddenly. 

Steal.     To  take  by  theft.     See  Theft. 

Stretch  forth  one's  hand.     To  reach  lor. 

Strip.     To  take  off 

Suck.     To  take  in  by  sucking. 

Suck  like  a  leech.     To  take  away  ones  substance,  as  a  leech  doet 

blood 
Suck  the  blood  of.     To  extort    a  figurative  expression. 
Swallow  up.     To  cause  to  disappear. 
Swoop  down  upon. )  ™  .        ... 

Swoop  to.  J  To  aPProach  ■  as  lf  for  seizing. 

Take.     To  gain  possession  of,  to  seize. 
Take  away.  1  ™  - 

Take  away  from.  I  To  remove  from- 
Take  by  assault.  I  ~    .   ,    .     , 
Take  by  storm.    }  To  take  by  force. 

Take  by  the  throat.     To  seize  violent!} 

Take  firm  hold  of.     Grasp  securely 

Take  from.     To  take  from  the  ownership  of. 

Take  hold  of.     To  hold  with  the  hand. 

Take  off. 

Take  possession  of.     To  take  into  one  s  ownership. 

Take  prisoner.     To  make  captive. 

Tear  away  from.)  -,    .  .     .     . 

Tear  from.  j  To  take  by  force. 

Throttle.     To  seize  by  the  throat. 
Usurp.     To  take  without  right. 
Whip  up.     To  seize  by  force 
Wrench  from.)  -,  .     .  .  .     if 

Wrest  from,     J  Take  from  vlolent]y- 
Wring  from.     To  take  by  extortion. 


T  ak  i  n  g — A  djectives. 


Bereft.     Lost.     See  Gain-Loss. 

Parasitic.     Living  on  another,  and  taking  nourishment  therefrom. 

Predaceous.     Living  by  prey. 

Predal.     Plundering. 

Predatorial. )  n... 

Predatory,   f  P,1,a8",g- 

At  one  fell  swoop.     At  one  stroke  of  adversity. 
Give  an  inch  and  take  an  ell. 


Prehensile.     Seizing,  adapted  to  grasp. 

Privative.     Causing  privation. 

Rapacious.     Wont  to  take  by  violence. 

Raptorial.     Seizing. 

Ravenous.     Hungry  to  rage. 

Taking.     Alluring;  attracting.     See  Verbs. 


Takinc — Adverb. 
Taking — Phrase. 


tal'-a-poin.    A  Buddhist  priest.    Ministry-Laity. 

ta-la'-ri-a.    Winged  boots  or  sandals.    Dress-Undress. 

tal'-bo-type.    A  method  of  photography.     Painting. 

tale.  A  recital;  a  reckoning.  Account,  Numbering; 
thereby  hangs  a  tale,  Manifestation-Latency; 
twice-told  tales,  Entertainment- Weariness. 

tale'-bear"-er.  A  meddling  informer.  Tidings-Mys- 
tery. 

tal'-ent.  A  superior  faculty.  Skill-Unskilpulness; 
bury  one's  talent  in  a  napkin,  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy; not  put  one's  talent  in  a  napkin,  Selfre- 

SPECT-HUMBLENESS. 

talent  sich  in  der  Slille,  es  bildet  ein,  sich  ein  Charakter  in 
dem  Strom  der  Welt  [G]  (tal'-ent  siH  in  der  stil'-le, 
es  bil'-det  ain,  siH  ain  ca-rak'-ter  in  dem  strom  der 
velt).  Talent  is  built  up  in  quiet,  character  in  the 
stream  of  the  world.     Movement-Rest,  Skill-Un- 

SKILFULNESS. 

tales'-man.  A  person  summoned  to  make  up  a  jury 
where  the  panel  is  exhausted.     Litigation. 


talionis,  lex  [L.]  (lex  tA-li-o'-nis).  Law  of  retaliation. 
Reprisal-Resistance,  Right-Wrong. 

tal'-i-ped.    Club-footed.     Proportion-Deformity. 

tal'-is-man.    A  charm.    Devotion-Charm,  Scepter. 

tal"-is-man'-ic.     Magical.     Devotion-Magic. 

talk.  To  converse;  rumor.  Conversation-Mono- 
logue, Speech- Inarticulateness,  Substance- 
Nullity,  Tidings-Mystery;  small  talk,  Conversa- 
tion -Monologue,  Talkativeness -Taciturnity; 
talk  against  time,  Action-Passiveness,  Duration- 
Neverness,  Lastingness-Transientness;  talk  at 
random,  Ratiocination-Instinct,  Talkativeness- 
Taciturnity;  talk  big,  Bragging,  Charitableness- 
Menace,  Presumption-Obsequiousness  ;  talk  glibly, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity  ;  talk  nonsense,  Adagb- 
Nonsense,  Regularity-Irregularity;  talk  of, 
Publicity,  Purpose-Luck;  talk  of  the  town,  Con- 
versation -  Monologue,  Reputation  -  Discredit; 
talk  oneself  out  of  breath,  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity;   talk    over,    Conversation-Monologue, 


TALK. 


1045 


TALKATIVENESS— TACITURNITY. 


Motive-Caprice;  talk  together,  Coxversation- 
Monologue,  Speech-Inarticulateness;  talk  to  in 
private,  Address-Response;  talk  to  oneself,  Con- 
versation-Monologue. 


talk'-a-tive.  Given  to  talking.  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness, Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

talk'-a-tive-ness.  Loquaciousness.  Talkativeness* 
Taciturnity. 


TALKATIVENESS— TACITURNITY. 


Babel.     A  confused  mixture  of  voices.     [Bible.] 
Bavardage  [F.|.     Chatter. 
Bibble-babble.     Foolish  chatter. 
Cackle.     Idle  talk. 

Cacoethes  loquendi  [L  ]      A  rage  for  speaking 
Caquet  [F  ].     Prating. 
Caquetterie  [F.].     Chattering. 

Chatter.     Sounds  like  those  of  a  magpie  or  monkey. 
Clack.     Continual  talk. 
Copia  verborum  [L.J.     Flow  of  words. 
Flippancy.     Empty,  trifling  talk. 
Flow.     Continuous  talk 
Flowing  tongue.     Ready  talk. 
Flow  of  words.     A  continuous  talking. 
Fluency.     Rapidity  or  readiness  of  speech 
Flux  de  bouche  [F.J.     Garrulity. 
Flux  de  mots  [F.J.     Talkativeness. 
Gab.     Unmeaning  talk. 

Gabble.     Loud  or  rapid  talk  without  meaning. 

Garrulity.     The  quality  of  being  characterized  by  long  and  prosy  talk 
Gibble-gabble.     Chatter. 

Gift  of  the  gab.     Readiness  of  speech.     See  Speech. 
Gossip.     The  tattle  of  a  gossip.     See  Conversation. 
Jabber.     Rapid  talk. 
Jaw.     Impudent  talk. 

Loquaciousness.  I  The  habit  or  practise  of   talking  continually  or 
Loquacity.  i       excessively. 

Much  speaking.     A  great  deal  of  talking. 
Multiloquence.     The  use  of  many  words. 
Prate.     Trifling  talk. 
Prattle.     Childish  talk. 
Rattle.     Noisy,  rapid  talk. 
Small  talk,  etc.     Gossip.     See  Conversation. 

Talkativeness,  etc.     The  quality  or  condition  of  being  much  given  to 
talking      See  Adjectives. 

Verbosity,  etc.     The  use  of  more  words  than  necesiary.     See  Terse- 
ness-Prolixity. 
Volubility.     Garrulity;  great  fluency  of  speech. 

Talkativene  s  s — Denotations . 
Babbler.     One  who  babbles. 
Blabber.     A  telltale. 
Blatherskite.     A  blustering,  talkative  fellow. 

Chatterer     i  ^ne  wno  ta^s  incessantly  and  idly 

Driveler.     An  idle  talker. 

mi     f  One  who  is  always  talking. 

Moulin  a  paroles  [F  )      A  mill  of  words,  hence,  a  chatterbox. 

p  ..      "  f  An  incessant  talker  like  a  parrot. 

Proser.     One  who  talks  tediously. 

Ranter.     A  noisy  talker. 

Sermonizer.     One  who  is  always  preaching  to. 

Talker.     One  who  talks  all  the  time 

Talkativeness — Verbs. 
Babble.     To  talk  thoughtlessly  and  foolishly 

Be  hoarse  with  talking.    To  have  talked  so  much  as  to  become  hoarse. 
Be  loquacious,  etc.     To  be  talkative.     See  Adjectives. 
Chatter.     To  talk  idly,  carelessly,  and  with  undue  rapidity. 
Clack.     To  utter  words  continually  in  a  short,  sharp  manner. 
Din  in  the  ears,  etc.      To  cause  a  resounding  in  the  ears,  as  by  exces- 
sive and  loud  talking.     See  Recurrence. 
Expatiate,  etc.     To  be  copious  in  argument.     See  Tersbness-Pro- 

LIXITY, 

Gabble.     Meaningless,  loud,  and  rapid  talking. 

Gossip,  etc.     To  tell  idle  and  often  untrue  or  malicious  tales  about 

people.     See  Conversation, 
Jabber.     To  speak  rapidly  and  indistinctly 
Jaw.     To  scold. 
Outtalk.     To  exceed  in  talking. 
Palaver.     To  use  idle  and  deceitful  talk. 
Patter.     To  repeat  in  a  low.  muttering  voice. 


Costiveness.     Coldness  of  manner, 

Curtness.     Shortness. 

Man  of  few  words.     A  taciturn  man. 

Muteness.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  silent. 

Obmutescence.     The  state  of  keeping  silence. 

Pauciloquy.     The  utterance  of  few  words. 

Reserve.     Restraint  of  freedom  in  words  and  action. 

Reticence,  etc.     The  state  of  observing  continued  silence.     See  En, 

lightenment-Secrecy. 
Silence.     Forbearance  from  speech. 
Taciturnity.     Reserve  in  speaking  or  habitual  silence. 

Taciturnity — Verbs. 
Be  silent,  etc.     To  be  indisposed  to  talk.     See  Adjectives. 
Close  the  lips.       \  «,   .  ... 

Close  the  mouth./  To  keep  silent. 
Hold  one's  jaw.        \ 
Hold  one's  peace.    >To  be  silent. 
Hold  one's  tongue.) 
Keep  a  secret,  etc.     To  preserve  a  secret.     See    Enlightenment* 

Secrecy. 
Keep  one's  tongue  between  one's  teeth.     To  preserve  silence. 
Keep  silence.     To  remain  still. 
Lay  the  finger  on  the  lips.     A  gesture  for  silence. 
Make  no  sign.     To  be  quiet. 
Not  have  a  word  to  say.     To  remain  silent. 
Not  let  a  word  escape  one.     To  remain  perfectly  quiet. 
Not  speak,  etc.     To  be  silent.     See  Speech, 
Place  the  finger  on  the  lips.     A  gesture  for  silence. 
Put  a  bridle  on  one's  tongue.     To  restrain  or  keep  one's  speech  in- 

check. 
Put  a  padlock  on  the  lips.       \  ,,.     .. 
Put  a  padlock  on  the  mouth./ 

Render  mute,  etc.     To  make  silent.     See  Vocalization-Muteness. 
Say  nothing.       j 

Seal  the  lips.       >-To  remain  silent. 
Seal  the  mouth.) 
Stick  in  one's  throat.     To  be  difficult  to  utter. 

Taciturnity — Adjectives. 
Close.     Silent. 

Close-tongued.     Cautious  in  speaking. 
Costive.     Cold  in  manner;  reserved. 
Curt.     Short. 

Dumb,  etc.     Unable  to  speak.     See  Vocalization-Muteness. 
Inconversable.     Unsocial;  reserved. 
Mum.     Silent. 
Mute.     Held  from  speaking. 
Reserved.     Restrained  from  freedom  of  words. 

Reticent,  etc.     Inclined  to  keep  silent.     See  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy. 
Silent.     Not  speaking. 

Silent « a  St^e.     lFifurative    de«rees    of    «lence-     S«    Sooth* 

_.,  ..  i         OILENCE. 

Silent  as  the  grave. ) 

Sparing  of  words.     Taciturn. 

Taciturn.     Naturally  or  habitually  silent. 

Taciturnity — Interjections. 
Chut  [F.].  Hush!     Histl  hush!  mum]  silence!  tush!!  tutl 

Taciturnity — Phrases. 
Cave  quid  diets,  quando,  et  cui  [L.].     Beware  what  you  say,  when, 

and  to  whom. 
Volto  scioltoe  pensieri  stretti  [It.].     Countenance  open  and  thoughts 
closed. 


TALKATIVENESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Pour  forth.     To  speak  very  fast  and  loud. 

Prate.     To  talk  much  and  foolishly. 

Prattle.     To  be  loquacious  on  trifling  or  foolish  subjects.    . 

Prose.     To  tell  or  relate  tediously 

Rattle.     To  speak  in  a  noisy,  clattering  manner. 

Rattle  on.     To  continue  talking  noisily. 

Talk  at  random.     To  talk  without  any  definite  aim  or  purpoee. 


TALKATIVENESS. 


1046 


TANTRUM. 


Talk  glibly.     To  talk  fluently. 

Talk  nonsense,  etc.     To  talk  about  trifles.     See  Adage-Nonsense 

Talk  oneself  hoarse.     To  talk  so  much  that  one  becomes  hoarse. 


TALKATIVENESS—  Verbs—  Continued. 

Talk  oneself  out  of  breath.     To  talk  much  and  fast. 
j  To  talk  in  an  idle  or  silly  manner. 


Twaddle. 
Twattle. 


Talkativeness — Adjectives. 


Chattering,  etc.     Talking  idly  and  rapidly.     See  Verbs . 

Chatty,  etc.     Talkative.     See  Sociability. 

Declamatory,  etc.     Pretentious  and  rhetorical.     See  Speech 

Flippant.     Having  a  voluble  tongue. 

Fluent.     Ready  in  the  use  of  words ;  flowing. 

Garrulous.     Talkative. 

Glib.     Smooth:  voluble. 

Largiloquent.      Speaking  in  a  boastful  manner. 


Linguacious.     Talkative;  loquacious. 
Long-tongued.     Given  to  gossip. 
Long-winded.     Tedious  in  speech  or  argument. 
Loquacious.     Given  to  continual  talking. 
Multiloquent.     Very  talkative. 
Open-mouthed.     Clamorous. 
Talkative.     Given  to  much  talking. 
Voluble.     Moving  with  ease  in  speaking. 


Talkativeness — Adverbs,  etc. 


Glibly,  etc. 
Off  the  reel. 


In  a  glib,  fluent  manner.     See  Adjectives. 
Volubly ;  fluently. 


Trippingly  on  the  tongue. 
[Hamlet, 111, ii.] 


Speaking  in  a    light,    smooth    manner. 


Talkativeness — Phrases. 


Furor  hquendi  [L.].      Rage  for  speaking. 
The  tongue  running  fast. 


The  tongue  running  loose. 
The  tongue  running  on  wheels. 


talked.  Fast  tense  of  talk.  Talked  of,  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

talk'-er.  One  who  talks.  Talkativeness-Taciturn- 
ity. 

talk'-ing.  Present  participle  of  talk.  Fine  talking, 
Bragging,  Overvaluation-Undervaluation. 

tall.    High.    Height-Lowness;  tall  talk,  Bragging. 

tal'-lage.    Taxation.     Price-Discount. 

tal'-lies.    Records;  scores.     Numbering. 

tal'-low.    An  animal  fat.    Pulpiness-Rosin. 

tal'-low-faced".  Ha  ing  the  appearance  of  tallow. 
Color-Achromatism. 

tal'-ly.  To  conform;  to  score.  Credit-Debt,  Har- 
mony-Discord, Record,  Sign;  tally  with,  Conven- 
tion ality-Unconventionality. 

tal'-ly-ho".  The  huntsman's  cry  to  hounds.  Quest- 
Evasion. 

tal'-ly-man.  One  who  keeps  a  shop  on  the  instalment 
plan.     Dealer. 

tal'-ma.     A  style  of  long  cloak.     Dress-Undress. 

Tal'-mud.  The  body  of  Jewish  law  not  comprised  in 
the  Pentateuch.     Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

tal'-ons.  Claws.  Keeping-Relinquishment,  Rule- 
License. 

ta'-lus.     Fragments.     Geology. 

tam'-bour.     A  small  drum.     Musical  Instruments. 

tam"-bou-rine'.  A  musical  instrument.  Musical  In- 
struments. 

tame.  Docile;  to  subdue.  Domestication-Agricul- 
ture, Education-Misteaching,  Excitability-In- 
excitability,  Force-Weakness,  Liberty-Subjec- 
tion, Sensitiveness-Apathy,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness, Vigor-Inertia. 

tame'-less.  Incapable  of  being  tamed.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence. 

ta'-ming.  Present  participle  of  tame.  Domestication- 
Agriculture. 

Tam'-ma-ny.  A  political  organization  in  New  York 
City.     Association. 

tam"-o'-shan'-ter.     A  cap.     Dress-Undress. 

tam'-per.  To  meddle.  Tamper  with,  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Betterment-Deterioration,  Motive-Ca- 
price, Mutation-Permanence. 

tam'-tam".     A  kind  of  drum.    Musical  Instruments. 

tan.     A  reddish-brown  color.     Gray-Brown. 

tan'-dem.  A  team  in  which  the  draft  animals  are 
hitched,  one  before  the  other;  at  length.  Convey- 
ance-Vessel, Length-Shortness. 

tang.  A  foreign  flavor  in  anything.  Remedy-Bane, 
Savor-Tastelessness. 

tan'-gent.     Touching.     Interspace-Contact;     fly  off 


at  a  tangent,  Aim-Aberration,  Concentration- 
Radiation,  Excitability-Inexcitability. 

tan-gen'-tial.  Pertaining  to  or  moving  in  a  tangent. 
Inters?  «  ce-Contact. 

tangert  i.tcus  [L.]  (tan'-jer-i  ul'-cus).  To  touch  a  sore. 
Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

tan'-gi-ble.  Perceptible  by  touch.  Enough,  Materi- 
ality-Spirituality, Substance-Nullity,  Touch, 
Truth-Error,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

tan'-gle.  To  intertwine  in  a  confused  mass.  Cross- 
ing, Organization-Disorganization. 

tan'-gled.  Confusedly  intertwined.  Regularity-Ir- 
regularity; weave  a  tangled  web,  Difficulty-Fa- 
cility. 

tank.     Receptacle  for  a  fluid.     Store. 

tank'-ard.  A  large  drinking-cup.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

tanned.     Colored  a  reddish-brown.     Gray-Brown. 

tan'-ner.     One  whose  business  is  to  tan  hides.     Agent. 

tan'-ner-y.  A  place  where  leather  is  tanned.  Work- 
shop. 

tant  mieux  [F.].  (tan-  miu) .  So  much  the  better.  Ju- 
bilation-Lamentation. 

tant  s'en  faut  [F.]  (tan-  san-  fo).  So  far  from.  As- 
sent-Dissent. 

tant  soit  peu  [F.]  (tan-  swa  pu).  As  small  as  possible. 
Magnitude-Smallness. 

tantce  animis  ccelestibus  ires  [L.j  (tan'-tt  an'-i-mis  st- 
les'-ti-bus  ai'-ri) .  Anger  so  great  in  heavenly  minds. 
Favorite-Anger. 

tan-ta-H-za'-tion.  State  or  quality  of  being  tantalized. 
Motive-Caprice. 

tan'-ta-lize.  Harass.  Desire-Distaste,  Expecta- 
tion-Disappointment, Motive-Caprice. 

tan'-ta-liz"-ing.  Annoying.  Desirb-Distaste,  Ex- 
citation. 

Tan'-ta-lus.  Son  of  Zeus,  said  to  have  been  placed  in 
water,  but  unable  to  reach  it  to  quench  his  thirst. 
Torment  of  Tantalus,  Desire-Distaste,  Expecta- 
tion-Surprise. 

tan'-ta-mount".  Having  equivalent  value.  Equal- 
ity-Inequality, Meaning-Jargon. 

tan-tar/-a.  A  quick  succession  of  sounds  from  a  horn 
or  trumpet.     Crash-Drumming. 

tantas  componere  lites  [L.]  (tan'-tas  com-pon'-er-l  lai'- 
tls).  To  settle  such  great  quarrels.  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation. 

tanti  [L.]  (tan'-tai).  Of  such  importance.  Consb. 
quence-Insignificance. 

tan-tiV-y.     Swift.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

tan'-trum.     A  fit  of  passion.     Favorite-Anger. 


TAP. 


1047 


TASTE— VULGARITY. 


tap.  To  strike  gently;  to  draw  liquid  from  a  cask. 
Admission-Expulsion,  Aperture-Closure,  Crash- 
Drumming,  Entrance-Exit,  Impetus-Reaction, 
Perforator-Stopper;  turn  on  the  tap,  Admission- 
Expulsion. 

tape.    A  narrow  strip  of  woven  fabric.     Lamina-Fiber. 

ta'-per.  To  lessen  gradually;  a  small  candle.  Breadth- 
Narrowness,  Luminary-Shade;  taper  to  a  point, 
Sharpness-Bluntness. 

tap'-es-try.  A  textile  fabric  used  for  ornamentation. 
Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Painting. 

tapinois,  en-  [F.]  (an-  ta-pi-nwa').  Stealthily.  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy. 

tap"-i-o-ca.  A  nutritious  starch  obtained  from  the 
roots  of  a  Brazilian  plant.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

ta'-pis.  A  table-cover.  On  the  tapis,  Conception- 
Theme,  Design,  Occurrence-Destiny,  Purpose- 
Luck. 

tap-root.  The  principal  descending  root  of  a  plant. 
Cause-Effect. 

tap'-ster.     A  bartender.     Chief-Underling. 

tar.  A  viscous  liquid  obtained  by  the  distillation  of 
wood;  a  sailor.  Cover-Lining,  Pulpiness-Rosin, 
Wayfarer-Seafarer;  tar  and  feather,  Recompense- 
Punition,  Regard-Disrespect. 

ta'-ra"-did'le.  Nonsensical  talk.  Adage-Nonsense, 
Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

tar-boosh'.  A  cap  worn  in  Moslem  countries.  Dress- 
Undress. 

tardi  che  mat,  e  meglio  [It.]  (tar'-di  ke  ma'-i,  e  me'-lyo). 
It  is  better  late  than  never.     Earliness-Lateness. 

tar'-di-grade.  Slow  in  movement.  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness. 

tar-dil'-o-quence.  High-sounding  speech.  Adage-Non- 
sense, Speech-Inarticulateness. 

tar'-di-ness.  State  or  quality  of  being  tardy.  Earli- 
ness-Lateness. 

tar'-dy.  Late;  slow.  Earliness-Lateness,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness. 

tare.  An  allowance  made  to  the  purchaser  by  deduct- 
ing the  weight  of  receptacle  containing  goods.  Tare 
and  tret,  Price-Discount. 

tares.    Weeds.    Usefulness-Uselessness. 

tar'-get.     A  mark  to  be  shot  at.     Purpose-Luck. 

tarMff .     A  schedule  of  duties.     Price-Discount. 

tar'-la-tan.  A  muslin  for  women's  wear.  Dress-Un- 
dress. 


tarn.     A  small  lake.    Lake-Plain. 

tar'-nish.  Loss  of  luster.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Color-Achromatism,  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment, Reputation-Discredit. 

tar'-pan.     A  Russian  horse.     Conveyer. 

tar-pau'-lin.     A  water-proof  canvas.     Cover-Lining. 

tar'-ry.  Await;  abide.  Earliness-Lateness,  Last- 
ingness-Transientness,  Mutation-Permanence, 
Pulpiness-Rosin;  tarry  for,  Expectation-Sur- 
prise. 

tar'-sus.     Ankle.     Anatomy. 

tart.  Having  a  sour  taste;  severe;  a  kind  of  pastry. 
Politeness-Impoliteness,  Sweetness-Acidity. 

tar'-tan.     A  Scotch  plaid  fabric.     Variegation. 

tar'-tane.     A  sailing  vessel.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

Tar'-tar.  A  fierce  Turkish  barbarian ;  a  person  of  a  sav- 
age temper.  Favorite-Quarrelsomeness;  catch  a 
Tartar,  Gull -Deceiver,  Reprisal- Resistance, 
Skill-Ukskilfulness. 

tar'-tar.  An  incrustation  that  forms  on  the  teeth ;  an 
emetic.     Cleanness-Filthiness,   Remedy-Bane. 

Tar'-ta-rus.     Hades.     Heaven-Hell. 

tart'-ness.  State  or  quality  of  being  tart.  Favorite- 
Quarrelsomeness. 

Tar-tufe'.  A  character  in  one  of  Moliere's  comedies;  a 
hypocrite.  Godliness  -  Ungodliness,  Gull -De- 
ceiver, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

Tar-tuf'-ish  Hypocritical.  Truthfulness  -  False- 
hood. 

ta-sim'-e-ter.     Electrical  apparatus.     Electricity. 

task.  Toil;  to  overtax  with  labor;  a  lesson  to  be 
learned.  Education  -  Misteaching,  Occupation, 
Order,  Use-Disuse,  Weariness-Refreshment; 
hard  task,  Difficulty-Facility;  set  a  task,  Order; 
take  to  task,  Approval-Disapproval;  task  the 
memory,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

task'-mas"-ter.  One  who  assigns  tasks.  Manager, 
Tyranny-Anarchy. 

tas'-sel.  A  pendent  ornament.  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement. 

tas'-set.     A  piece  of  an  armor  for  the  thigh.     Weapon. 

taste.  Flavor;  a  sample;  the  aesthetic  faculty;  one  ot 
the  five  senses.  Emotion,  Pungency,  Savor-Taste- 
lessness,  Taste-Vulgarity;  man  of  taste,  Taste- 
Vulgarity;  to  one's  taste,  Love-Hate,  Palatable- 
ness-Unpalatableness,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness,  Rhetoric. 


TASTE— VULGAR  1TY . 


^Esthetics.     The  science  of  the  beautiful  in  nature  and  art. 

Cultivated  taste.     A  taste  improved  by  refinement. 

Cultivation.     Advancement  in  intellectuai  condition 

Culture.    The  refinement  of  the  moral  and  intellectual  nature  of  man. 

Delicacy.     The  quality  of  being  agreeable  to  the  taste. 

Dilettanteism.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  an  admirer  of  the  fine 

arts. 
Elegance.     That  which  pleases  the  taste  by  its  perfect  qualities. 
Esthetics.     The  science  of  the  beautiful. 
Fine  art.     Art  applied  to  the  production  of  the  beautiful. 
Finesse  [F  ]      Artifice;  fineness. 
Good  taste      A  taste  that  is  correct  in  its  choices. 
Grace.     A  quality  which  commends  its  possessor  to  the  taste  of 

oth  -rs 
Gust.     The  sense  of  tasting. 
Gusto  tit  and  Sp.]      A  keen  relish;  taste. 
Nicety.     Great  delicacy  of  taste.     See  Differentiation. 
Polish.     Refinement;  elegancy  of  taste. 
Refined  taste.     Educated  taste. 
Refinement.     Purity  of  taste. 
Tact.     Tasteful  discrimination  in  action. 

Taste.     Nice  perception  in  relishing  the  good  and  the  beautiful. 
To  prepon  [Gr.]      The  fit;  the  becoming. 
Virtu  [It.}.     A  taste  for  the  fine  arts. 

Taste — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Amateur.     One  who  practises  an  art  for  the  love  of  it. 
Arbiter  elegantiarum  [L  ]      An  umpire  in  matters  of  taste. 


Awkwardness.     An  ungraceful  bearing. 

Bad  joke.     A  morally  or  intellectually  evil  speech  or  action. 

Bad  taste.  Carelessness  of  manner  in  respect  to  what  is  in  accord- 
ance with  good  usage. 

Barbarism.     Vulgarity  of  manners  or  ways  of  living. 

Blackguardism.     Lowness;  baseness. 

Boorishness.     Rudeness;  clownishness      See  Adjectives. 

Brutality.     State  or  quality  of  being  brutal. 

Coarseness.     The  state  of  being  vulgar 

Gaucherie  [F  ]      Clumsiness. 

Gaudiness.     The  quality  of  being  decorated  with  showy  trinkets. 

Gothicism.     Rudeness  of  manners. 

Homeliness.     Lack  of  beauty  or  refinement. 

Ill-breeding.     Bad  training 

Indecorum.     Act  of  violating  good  manners. 

Low  life.     Life  vulgar  and  degraded. 

Lowness.     Meanness  or  vulgarity  of  condition. 

Mauvais  gout  [F  ]..    Bad  taste. 

Mauvais  plaisanlerie  [F.].     A  bad  joke. 

Mauvais  ton  [P.].     Bad  tone;  ill-breeding. 

Misbehavior.     Vulgar  or  improper  behavior. 

Ribaldry.     Vulgar  conduct  or  speech. 

Rowdyism.     The  conduct  of  a  rowdy. 

Rusticity.     The  state  of  being  rustic ;  awkwardness. 

Slang.  Inelegant  and  vulgar  language  not  authorized.  See  Word- 
Neology. 

Tawdriness.     Showiness. 

Trickery.     The  art  of  dressing  up. 


TASTE. 


1048 


TASTE— VULGARITY. 


TASTE— VULGARITY— Continued. 


TASTE — Nouns  op  Agent — Continued. 

Aristarchus.     A  noted  Greek  critic. 

Connoisseur  [F.J.     A  critical  judge  of  art. 

Conoscente  [It.J     An  art  critic. 

Corinthian.     A  citizen  of  Corinth,  and  hence  a  master  of  taste. 

Critic.     One  who  discerns  the  beauties  or  faults  in  literature  and  art. 

Dilettante.     A  lover  of  fine  arts. 

Euphemist.     One  who  uses  good  taste  in  his  choice  of  words. 

Judge.     A  critic;  a  connoisseur. 

Man  of  taste.     One  who  exercises  good  taste  in  all  things. 

Stagirite.     An  appellation  of  Aristotle  from  the  place  of  his  birth, 

Stagira. 
Virtuoso.     One  skilled  in  the  fine  arts. 

Taste — Figurative  Noun. 

Caviare  to  the  general.  [From  Hamlet.]  A  delicacy  made  from 
fish-roes  too  refined  for  the  common  taste.  So  Shakespeare  char- 
acterizes by  it  a  play  above  the  taste  of  the  vulgar. 

Taste — Verbs, 
Appreciate.     To  value  duly. 
Criticize.     To  judge  critically. 
Discriminate.     To  note  differences. 
Judge.     To  decide  on  the  merits  or  demerits  of  anything. 

Ta  s  t  e — Adjectives . 

/Esthetic.     Pertaining  to  the  science  of  taste. 

After  one's  fancy.     To  one's  taste. 

Artistic.     Pertaining  to  art. 

Attic.     Marking  such  elegance  of  taste  as  characterized  Attica  in 

Greece;  classic;  elegant. 
Chaste.     Showing  good  taste  by  freedom  from  extravagance. 
Classical.     In   correct    and   refined    taste;   conforming   to    ancient 

Greece  or  Rome. 
Comme  il  faut  [F.J.     As  it  should  be. 
Cultivated.     Cultured;  refined  by  good  taste. 
Dainty.     Of  exquisite  taste. 

Elegant.     Refined;  pleasing  to  good  taste.     See  Purity. 
Euphemistic.     Using  fair  words. 
In  good  taste.     Refined. 
Pure.     Refined;  classic. 
Refined.     Cultivated. 
Tasteful.     Displaying  good  taste. 
Tasty.     In  conformity  to  good  taste. 
To  one's  mind.  \  .  ... 

To  one's  taste.  1  Agree*ble  *>  one- 
Unaffected.     Natural. 

Taste — Adverb. 
Elegantly.     In  an  elegant  manner.      See  Adjectives. 

Tas  t  e — Phrases. 
Ckacun  a  son  gout  [F.J.     Every  man  to  his  taste. 
Nihil  tetigtt  quod  no*  ornavit  [L.  J     He  touched  nothing  which  he 
did  not  adorn.     [From  Dr.  Johnson's  epitaph  on  Goldsmith.] 


VULGARITY — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  2. 

Particular.     Odd;  singular. 

Provincial.     Showing  the  vulgar  manners  of  a  province. 

Ribald.     Low;  vulgar,  base. 

Rowdy.     Vulgarly  showy  and  pretentious. 

Rude.     Lacking  good  taste. 

Rustic.     Rude;  unpolished;  countrified. 

Savage.     Beastly;  cruel;  barbarous;  living  in  the  woods. 

Shabby-genteel.     Trying  vulgarly  to  achieve  gentility. 

Shocking.     Obnoxious  to  good  taste.     See  Pleasurablenbss-Pain- 

fulnbss. 
Slovenly.     Vulgarly  neglectful  and  untidy.     See  Cleanness-Filthi- 

NESS. 

Snobbish.     Making  a  vulgar  pretension  to  gentility. 

Tawdry.     Vulgarly  showy. 

Tramontane.     Lying   beyond   the   mountains;  hence,   foreign   and 

vulgar. 
Tricked  out.     Vulgarly  overdressed. 
Unbeseeming.     Not  fitting  to  good  taste. 

Uncivil.     Of  vulgar  manners.     See  Politeness-Impolitbnbss. 
Unclassical.     Not  of  classic  taste. 
Uncombed.     With  hair  vulgarly  neglected. 
Uncourtly.     Not  pleasing  to  court  taste. 
Uncouth.     Awkward;  ungainly. 


Vandalism.     The  barbarous  spirit  or  conduct  of  vandals. 
Vulgarism.     Coarseness  of  manners;  vulgarity. 
Vulgarity.     State  or  quality  of  being  vulgar.     See  Adjectives. 
Want  of  tact.     Without  discernment. 

Vulgarity — Denotations. 

Clinquant  [F.].     Tinsel;  false  glitter. 

False  ornament.     Assumed  or  designed  finery. 

Finery.     Excessive  or  showy  decoration. 

Frippery.     Second-hand  finery. 

Gewgaw.     Showy  trifles. 

Tinsel.     Something  more  gay  and  showy  than  valuable. 

Vulgarity — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Boeotian.     Like  the  Boeotians — dull,  stupid. 

Cad.     A  mean   vulgar  person. 

Clown.     A  person  with  vulgar  manners. 

Cub.     A  contemptuous  name  for  a  young  child. 

Dowdy.     A  vulgar  looking  woman. 

Frump.     A  vulgar,  old-fashioned  female. 

Gent.     Vulgar  substitution  for  gentleman. 

Goth.     One  lacking  taste. 

Hoyden.     A  rude  and  vulgar  person. 

Parvenu  [F.J     A  vulgar  upstart.     See  Gentility-Commonalty. 

Rough  diamond.     Figurative  for  a  person  with  uncouth  manners  but 

good  heart. 
Slattern.     A  vulgar,  slovenly  woman. 
Snob.     A  vulgar  pretender  to  gentility. 
Tomboy.     A  vulgar,  romping  girl. 
Unlicked  cub.     Ignorant,  untrained  person. 
Vandal.     One  who  wilfully  destroys  any  work  of  art  or  literature. 

Vulgarity — Verbs. 
Be  vulgar.  To  be  ill-bred.  See  Adjectives. 
Misbehave.     To  behave  vulgarly. 

Smell  of  the  shop.     To  carry  vulgar  evidences  of  trade. 
Talk  shop.     To  converse  vulgarly  about  business  to  the  exclusion  of 
more  refined  topics. 

Vulgarity — Adjectives. 
Affected.     Pretending  to  possess  what  is  not  natural.     See  Socibty- 

Affectation. 
Awkward.     Ungraceful  in  bearing. 
Barbaric.     Uncivilized;  crude. 
Barbarous.     Uncultivated;  rude. 
Bedizened.     Vulgarly  adorned. 
Blackguard.     Befitting  a  blackguard.     See  Nouns. 
Boorish.     Vulgar;  clownish. 
Brutish.     Resembling  brutes  in  nature. 
Clownish.     With  the  vulgarity  and  rudeness  of  a  clown. 
Coarse.     Low  and  vulgar. 

Contra  bonos  mores  [L.J     Against  good  manners. 
Countrified.     Rustic-mannered. 
Doggerel.     Versified  vulgarly  in  sense  or  rhythm. 
Dowdy.     Vulgar-looking. 

Extravagant.     Beyond  the  limits  of  good  taste. 
Gaudy.     Gay  beyond  good  taste. 
Gingerbread.     Too  fancifully  made. 
Gothic.     Having  the  vulgar  manners  of  a  Goth. 
Gross.     Coarse;  indelicate;  vulgar. 
Heathenish.     Rude;  uncivilized. 
Heavy.     Slow;  dull;  inanimate. 

Home-bred.     Plain;  rude;  lacking  the  polish  of  trawl. 
Homely.     Plain;  rude;  coarse. 
Homespun.     Homely;  rude. 
Horrid.     Exciting  horror;  hideous;  frightful. 
Ill-bred.     Badly  brought  up  or  trained. 
Ill-mannered.     Of  vulgar  manners 
In  bad  taste.      In  violation  of  good  taste. 
Incondite.     Rude;  unpolished. 
Indecorous.     Violating  good  manners. 
Low.     Below   the    standard  of   good    taste      See  Gbntility-Oii* 

monalty. 
Meretricious.     Vulgar,  tawdry 
Monstrous.     Inspiring  disgust. 
Newfangled.       Novel  in   a  depreciative  sense.     See   Convention* 

ality-Unconventionality. 
Obsolete.     Out  of  use. 

Obtrusive.     Tending  to  thrust  into  undue  prominence. 
Odd.     Peculiar,  not  in  good  taste. 
Outlandish.     Of  strange  and  vulgar  action. 

(Continued  on  Column  x  > 


TASTE. 


1049 


TEDIOUS. 


VULGARITY— Adjectives— Continued. 


Underbred.     Of  vulgar  manners. 
Unfashionable.     Not  in  fashionable  taste. 
Unfeminine      Not  feminine  in  manner. 
Ungenteel.     Impolite,  vulgar. 

..         ..  .       "j  Not  becoming  a  gentleman's  good  taste. 

Ungraceful.     Without  form  or  beauty.     See  Beauty-Ugliness. 
Unkempt.     Uncombed;  rough;  offensive  to  good  taste. 


Unladylike.     Not  becoming  a  lady's  good  taste. 
Unlicked.     Ungainly;  unpolished. 
Unpolished.     Of  vulgar  manners;  without  refinement. 
Unpresentable.     Not  fit  for  presentation. 
Unrefined      Of  vulgar  manners 
Unseemly.     Not  becoming  to  good  taste. 
Untamed.     Not  domesticated. 
Vulgar.     Unrefined-  coarse;  rude. 


tasfe'-ful.     Possessing  good  taste.     Taste-Vulgarity. 

taste'-less.     Having  no  flavor.     Savor-Tastelessness. 

ta'-sty.  Savory.  Palatableness-Unpalatable- 
ness,  Savor-Tastelessness. 

t&tonner  [F.]  (ta-to-ne').      To  grope.      Trial. 

tatonnement  [P.]   (ta-ton-man-').     Groping.     Trial. 

tat'-ter.     A  hanging  shred.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

tat"-ter-de-mal-ion.  A  ragged  fellow.  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

tat'-ters.  Ragged  clothing.  Dress-Undress;  tear  to 
tatters,  Creation-Destruction,  Union-Disunion. 

Tat'-ter-sall's.  A  market  for  the  sale  and  exchange  of 
horses.     Market. 

tat'-tle.  Idle  talk;  to  blab.  Conversation-Mono- 
logue. 

tat'-tler.  A  telltale.  Conversation -Monologue, 
Tidings-Mystery. 

tat-too'.  To  mark  with  indelible  pigments;  a  continu- 
ous drumming.  Crash-Drumming,  Order,  Varie- 
gation. 

taught.  Past  participle  of  teach ;  firm.  Education- 
Misteaching,  Union-Disunion;  teach  one's  grand- 
mother, Excess-Lack,  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness. 

taunt.  To  denounce  with  scorn.  Justification- 
Charge,  Regard-Disrespect. 

tau-rom'-a-chy.     Bull-fighting.     Strife-Peace. 

Tau'-rus.     A  constellation.     Astronomy. 

taut.     Firmly  drawn.     Excess-Lack. 

tau"-to-log'-ic.     Repetitious.     Rhetoric. 

tau-tol'-o-gy.  Unnecessary  repetition.  Recurrence, 
Rhetoric,  Sameness-Contrast,  Terseness-Pro- 
lixity, Usefulness-Uselessness. 

tau-toph'-o-ny.  Repetition  of  the  same  sound.  Re- 
currence. 

tav'-ern.     A  public  house.     Dweller-Habitation. 

taw'-dri-ness.  Quality  of  being  tawdry.  Taste-Vul- 
garity. 

taw'-dry.     Gaudy.     Taste-Vulgarity. 

taw'-ny.  Brownish-yellow.  Gray-Brown,  Yellow- 
ness-Purple. 

tax.  Assessment;  to  subject  to  a  severe  strain ;  to  cen- 
sure. Accounts,  Coercion,  Investigation-An- 
swer, Justification-Charge,  Order,  Petition- 
Expostulation,  Price -Discount,  Use- Disuse, 
Weariness-Refreshment;  tax  one's  energies,  Toil- 
Relaxation;  tax  the  memory,  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness. 

tax-a'-tion.     Imposing  a  tax.     Price-Discount. 

tax'-i-der"-my.  The  art  of  preserving  dead  animals. 
Zoology-Botany. 

tax'-is.  Arrangement.  Organization-Disorganiza- 
tion. 

tax-on'-o-my.  The  science  of  classification.  Organi- 
zation-Disorganization. 

taz'-za.    An  ornamental  cup.    Contents-Receiver. 

Te  De'-um.  An  ancient  hymn.  Devotion-Idolatry, 
Sanguineness  -  Hopelessness,  Solemnization, 
Thankpulness-Thanklessness. 

te  fabula  narratur,  de  [L.]  (ti  fab'-yu-la  nar-re'-tur,  di). 
The  story  is  told  about  you.  Exculpation-Convic- 
tion, Reprisal-Resistance. 

tea.     A  beverage.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

teach.     To  instruct.     Education-Misteaching;  teach 


one's  grandmother,  Excess-Lack,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness. 

teach'-a-ble.  Capable  of  being  taught.  Education- 
Learning. 

teach'-er.  One  who  teaches.  Advice,  Instructor- 
Pupil,  President-Member. 

teach'-ing.  The  act  of  a  teacher;  doctrine.  Educa- 
tion-Misteaching; false  teaching,  Education-Mis- 
teaching, Ratiocination-Instinct. 

tea'-cup".  A  cup  for  tea.  Storm  in  a  teacup,  Gull- 
Hyperbole,  Overvaluation-Undervaluation. 

team.  Two  or  more  beasts  of  burden  harnessed 
together.     Continuity-Interruption. 

team'-ster.  One  who  drives  a  team  as  an  occupation. 
Manager. 

tea'-par"-ty.  A  social  gathering  at  which  a  light 
repast  is  served.     Sociability-Privacy. 

tea'-poy.  A  small  table  for  holding  a  tea-service. 
Suspension-Support. 

tear.  To  rend.  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Jubi- 
lation-Lamentation, Swiftness-Slowness,  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness, Union-Disunion;  tear  asunder 
one's  bonds,  Release-Restraint;  tear  away  from, 
Taking-Restitution;  tear  oneself  away,  Quest- 
Evasion;  tear  one's  hair,  Jubilation-Lamenta- 
tion; tear  out,  Injection-Ejection;  tear  to  pieces, 
Creation-Destruction,  Union-Disunion;  tear  up, 
Creation-Destruction. 

tear'-ful.     Causing  tears.     Jubilation-Lamentation. 

tears.  Drops  of  the  liquid  moistening  the  eye.  Draw 
tears,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  shed  tears, 
Jubilation-Lamentation;  tears  in  one's  eyes,  Ex- 
citation, Lightiieartedness-Dejection. 

tease.  To  irritate  in  a  petty  way.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

teas'-er.     One 'who  teases.     Difficulty-Facility. 

teas'-ing.  Harassing.  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness. 

tea'-spoon".     A  small  spoon.     Contents-Receiver. 

teat.     A  nipple.     Convexity-Concavity. 

tea"-ta'-b!e.  A  table  on  which  tea  is  served.  Tea-table 
talk,  Conversation-Monologue. 

technica,  memoria  [L.]  (tec'-ni-ca,  mem-o'-ria) .  An 
ingenious  memory.  Remembrance-Forgetful- 
ness. 

tech'-nic-al.  Pertaining  to  a  particular  art,  science, 
orthelike.  Conventionality-Unconventionality, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  technical  education,  Educa- 
tion-Misteaching; technical  knowledge,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness; technical  term,  Name-Misnomer. 

tech"-ni-cal'-i-ty.  Anything  technical;  a  quibbling 
nicety.  Precept,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Univep- 
sality-Particularity,  Word-Neology. 

tech"-nique'.    Manner  of  artistic  performance.     Music.  ' 

tech-nol'-c-gy.  Theoretical  knowledge.  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness. 

tech'-y.  Peevishly  sensitive.  Favorite-Quarrel- 
someness. 

ted.  To  spread  loosely  for  drying.  Gathering-Scat- 
tering. 

te'-di-ous.  Causing  weariness.  Entertainment- 
Weariness;  while  away  the  tedious  hours,  Action- 
Passiveness. 


TEDIUM. 


1050 


TEETOTALISM— INTEMPERANCE. 


te'-di-um.  Wearisomeness.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

teem.  To  be  full;  to  be  pregnant.  Creation-De- 
struction, Enough,  Fertility-Sterility;  teem 
with,  Multiplicity-Paucity. 

teem'-ful.     Prolific.     Fertility-Sterility. 

teem'-ing.  To  be  full.  Gathering-Scattering,  Mul- 
tiplicity-Paucity. 

teem'-less.     Barren.     Fertility-Sterility. 

'teens.  The  numbers  whose  names  end  in  teen.  Five- 
Quinquesection,    Infancy-Age;     in   one's    'teens, 

FlVE-QuiNQUESECTION,    INFANCY-AGE,    InFANT-VeT- 

eran. 

tee'-pee.  One  of  the  conical  lodges  of  the  North-Ameri- 
can Indians.     Dweller-Habitation. 

teeth.  The  hard  structures  in  the  jaw  for  chewing  food. 
Friability,  Instrument,  Keeping-Relinquish- 
ment;  armed  to  the  teeth,  Attack-Defense,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation, Preparation-Nonpreparation  ; 


between  the  teeth,  Loudness-Faintness;  cast  in 
one's  teeth,  Justification-Charge;  chattering  of 
teeth,  Heat-Cold;  grind  one's  teeth,  Favorite- 
Anger;  have  cut  one's  eye-teeth,  Craft-Artless- 
ness,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  in  spite  of  one's  teeth, 
Antagonism-Concurrence,  Coercion;  in  the  teeth 
of,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Defiance,  Diffi- 
culty-Facility ;  make  one's  teeth  chatter,  Heating- 
Cooling,  Sanguineness-Timidity;  set  one's  teeth, 
Determination-Vacillation;  set  the  teeth  on  edge, 
Cacophony,  Friction-Lubrication,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Sweetness-Acidity;  show  one's 
teeth,  Defiance,  Favorite-Anger. 

tee-to'-tal.     Entire.     Moderation-Selfindulgence. 

tee-to'-tal-er.  One  pledged  to  entire  abstinence  from 
all  intoxicating  drinks.  Fasting-Gluttony,  Mod- 
eration-Selfindulgence. 

tee"-to'-tal-ism.  Total  abstinence.  Moderation- 
Selfindulgence,  Teetotalism-Ixtemperance. 


TEETOTALISM— INTEMPERANCE. 


Sobriety.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  sober 

Teetotalism.     Total  abstinence  fror^  the  use  of  intoxicants. 

Teetotalism — Denotations. 

Abstainer.     One  who  abstains  from  the  use  of  intoxicating  liquors 

Band  of  Hope.     A  temperance  organization. 

Good  Templar.  A  member  of  the  Good  Templar  temperance  organi- 
zation. 

Prohibitionist.  One  who  favors  the  prohibition  of  the  sale  of  alco- 
holic liquors. 

Teetotaler.  One  pledged  to  entire  abstinence  from  all  intoxicating 
drinks. 

Teetotalist.     A  teetotaler. 

Water-drinker.     One  who  abstains  entirely  from  intoxicating  liquors. 

White  ribboner.     A  teetotaler. 

Teetotalism — Verb. 
Take  the  pledge.     Make  a  written  agreement  not  to  use  intoxicants 

Teetotalism — Adjectives. 
Sober.     Moderate  in  or  abstinent  from  the  use  of  intoxicants;  not 

under  the  influence  of  liquor. 
Sober  as  a  judge.     Perfectly  sober 


INTEMPERANCE— Denotations— Continued  from  Column  2 . 

Devotee  of  Bacchus.     A  drunken  reveler. 

Dram-drinker.     One  who  drinks  too  freely. 

Drunkard.     One  whose  habit  is  to  get  drunk. 

Gin-drinker.     A  drunkard. 

Hard  drinker.     One  who  drinks  habitually. 

Love-pot.     One  who  likes  alcoholic  liquors. 

Reveler.     One  who  engages  in  drunken  feasts. 

Soaker.     A  hard  drinker. 

Sot.     A  person  stupefied  by  excessive  drinking. 

Sponge.     One  who  drinks  liquor  as  a  sponge  takes  up  water. 

Thirsty  soul.     A  person  who  always  wants  to  drink. 

Tippler.     An  habitual  drunkard. 

Toper.     One  who  drinks  frequently  to  excess. 

Toss-pot.     A  toper. 

Tun.     A  drunkard. 

Wine-bibber.     An  habitual  drinker  of  strong  drink. 

Intemperance — Verbs. 

Be  drunk.     To  be  under  the  influence  of  liquor. 
Befuddle.     To  confuse,  as  with  liquor. 
Bib.     To  drink. 

R         '  f  To  drink  alcoholic  liquors  to  excess. 

Carouse.     Drink  in  a  boisterous  manner. 

Drink.     To  take  spirituous  liquors,  especially  in  excess. 

Fuddle.     Make  stupid  with  drink. 

Fuzzle.     Fuddle. 

Get  drunk.     To  be  under  the  influence  of  liquor. 

Guzzle.     To  drink  much  or  frequently. 

Inebriate.     Be  or  become  intoxicated. 

Liquor.     To  supply  with  liquor. 

Lush.     To  be  drunk. 


Alcoholism.  A  morbid  condition  resulting  from  use  of  alcoholic  bev- 
erages. 

Bibacity.     Addiction  to  drink. 

Bibulous.     Addicted  to  drink  immoderately. 

Dipsomania.     Uncontrollable  craving  for  drink. 

Drinking,  etc.     Practise  of  using  alcoholic  liquors.     See  Verbr. 

Drunkenness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  drunk. 

Ebriety.     Intoxication  produced  by  liquor. 

Ebriosity.     Habitual  intoxication. 

Inebriation.     The  act  of  inebriating  or  state  of  being  inebriated. 

Inebriety.     The  state  of  being  inebriated. 

Insobriety.     Want  of  sobriety. 

Intemperance.  Habitual  and  excessive  indulgence  in  alcoholic 
drinks. 

Intoxication.     The  act  of  making,  or  state  of  being,  drunk. 

Oinomania.     Dipsomania. 

Temulency.     Extreme  drunkenness. 

Wine-bibbing.     Habitual  and  excessive  drinking  of  wine. 

Intemperance — Associated  Nouns. 
Bacchanalia.     Drunken  revelry. 
Bacchanals.     Drunken  revelries. 
Compotation.     A  drinking  together;  a  carouse. 
Delirium  tremens.     Mental  derangement  caused  by  excessive  drink. 

ing. 
Deep  potations. 
Potation.     The  act  of  drinking. 

Intemperance — Nouns  of  Cause 
Alcohol.     A  colorless  liquid,  the  intoxicating  principle  of  wines  and 

liquors. 
Alcoholic  drinks.     Drinks  that  cause  drunkenness. 
Beer,  etc.     An  alcoholic  beverage  made  from  starchy  substances. 

See  Nutriment. 
Blue  ruin.     Bad  gin,  rum,  or  the  like. 
Champagne.     A  kind  of  wine. 
Cup.     Any  intoxicating  drink. 
Dram.     A  drink  of  spirits. 
Drink.     Alcoholic  liquor. 
Drop.     A  small  amount  of  liquor. 
Drop  too  much.     A  drink  that  makes  one  drunk. 
Flowing  bowl.     A  bowl  full  of  wine  or  liquor. 
Gin.     An  aromatic  alcoholic  liquor  made  from  grain  flavored  with 

juniper  berries. 
Grog.     Intoxicating  drink  of  any  kind. 
Libation.     Liquor  or  wine  poured  out  for  drinking. 
Port  wine.     A  wine  made  from  Concord  grapes. 
Punch.     Wine  flavored  or  sweetened,  usually  with  lemon  or  orange 
Punch-bowl.     Figuratively,  drink. 
Rosy  wine.     Alcoholic  drink. 
Whiskey.     Strong  spirits  distilled  from  corn. 

Intemperance — Denotations. 

Bacchanal.       ) 

Bacchanalian.  >One  who  indulges  in  drunken  revels. 
Bacchante.       ) 

Bibber.     One  given  to  drinking  too  freely. 
Carouser.     One  who  engages  in  drunken  revels. 
(Continued  on  Column  1.) 


TEETOTALISM. 


1051 


TEMPER. 


Hake  one  drunk  etc 

jectives. 

Soak.     To  drink  intemperately. 
Sot.     To  make  stupid  with  drink, 
Swig.     To  drink  in  long  drafts. 


intemperance—Verbs— continued. 

To  put  under  the  influence  of  liquor.     See  Ad» 


Swill.     To  drink  to  excess. 

Tipple.     To  drink  strong  liquors  habitually. 

Tope.     To  become  a  toper. 

Toss  off,  etc.     Take  a  glass  of  liquor  at  one  draft.     See  Nutriment. 


Intemperance — Verbal  Expressions  denoting  excessive  drinking. 


Crack  a  bottle;  drain  the  cup;  drink  deep;  drink  hard;  drink  like  A 
fish ;  get  into  one's  head ;  go  to  the  ale ;  go  to  the  public  house ;  have 
one's  swill;    liquor  up;    pass  the  bottle;    sacrifice  at  the  shrine  of 


Bacchus;  see  double;  splice  the  main  brace;  take  a  drop  too  much; 
take  a  glass  too  much;  take  a  hair  of  the  dog  that  bit  you;  tain  a 
whet;  take  to  drinking ;  wet  one's  whistle. 


Intemperance — Adjectives. 


Addicted  to  drink.     Drinking  habitually. 

Beery.     Affected  by  beer. 

Bibacious.     Given  to  drinking. 

Crapulous.     Sick  from  drunkenness. 

Drunk.     Under  the  influence  of  intoxicating  liquor,  with  no  normal 

mental  control. 
Drunken.     Under  alcoholic  influence.     See  Verbs. 
Ebrious.     Drunken. 

Fuddled.     Confused  with  liquor.     See  Verbs. 
Flustered.     Befuddled  with  drink. 
Given  to  drink.     Drinking  habitually. 
froggy.     Stupid  or  unsteady  from  drink. 
In  a  state  of  intoxication.     Drunk. 
Inebriate.     Drunken. 

Intemperance — Figurative  and  Slang 

Addicted  to  the  bottle;  boozy;  corned;  cut;  dead  drunk;  disguised; 
drunk  as  a  fiddler;  drunk  as  a  lord;  drunk  as  an  owl ;  drunk  as  a 
piper;  drunk  as  a  wheelbarrow;  drunk  as  Chloe;  drunk  as  David's 
sow;  elevated;  flush;  flushed;  fou;  fresh;  given  to  the  bottle; 
glorious;   half  seas  over;   having  had  a  drop  too  much;  in  liquor; 


Inebriated.     Drunk.     See  Verbs 

Inebrious.     Drunken  or  producing  drunkenness. 

Intoxicated.     Made  drunk. 

Maudlin.     Made  foolish  by  drinking. 

Muddled.     Confused  by  drink. 

Muzzy.     Dazed  from  drinking. 

Pot-valiant.     Courageous  from  drink. 

Sottish.     Like  a  sot. 

T—v J*"*  *«*• 
Tipsy.     Partially  drunk. 
The  worse  for  liquor.     Drunk. 
Toping,  etc.     Habitually  drinking. 

Adjectives  and  Phrases  meaning  drunk, 

in  one's  cups;  inter  forcula  [L.|  in  the  cups;  lushy;  mellow; 
merry;  nappy;  obfuscated;  overcome;  overtaken;  potulent; 
primed;  raddled;  screwed;  sewed  up;  tight;  topheavy;  three 
sheets  in  the  wind ;  under  the  table ;  whittled. 


Intemperance — Phrast. 


Nunc  est  bibendwn  [LJ.     Now  it  must  be  drunk. 


tee-to'-tal-ist.  One  pledged  to  entire  abstinence  from 
all  intoxicating  drinks.     Fasting-Gluttony. 

tee"-to-tum.  A  top.  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Revolution-Evolution. 

legitur  iimor,  audendo  magnus  [L.]  (tej'-i-tur  tai'-mor, 
ati-den'-do  mag'-nus).  Great  fear  is  covered  by  a 
show  of  daring.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

teg'-u-ment.     Any  outer  covering.     Cover-Lining. 

teg"-u-men'-ta-ry.  Consisting  of  teguments.  Cover- 
Lining. 

te-hee'.     Titter.     Society-Derision. 

tei-chop'-si-a.  A  temporary  blindness.  Sight- 
Blindness. 

tei'-no-scope.  An  instrument  to  correct  dispersion. 
Optical  Instruments. 

tekel  upkarsin  [Chal.]  (ti'-kel  yu-far'-sin) .  Thou  art 
weighed  in  the  balance  and  found  wanting.  Warn- 
ing. 

tel'-e-gram.  A  message  by  telegraph.  Tidings-Mys- 
tery. 

tel'-e-graph .  An  electric  apparatus  for  transmitting 
messages.  Messenger,  Sign,  Swiftness-Slowness; 
by  telegraph,  Hurry-Leisurb. 

tel"-e-graph  -ic.  Pertaining  to  the  telegraph.  Swift- 
ness-Slowness. 

tel'-e-graph-y.  The  art  of  telegraphing.  Publicity, 
Sign. 

tel"-e-ki-ne'-sis.  A  psychical  force  capable  of  moving 
heavy  bodies  without  physical  contact. 

tel-em'-e-ter.  An  apparatus  for  measuring  distances 
on  the  earth's  surface.     Mensuration. 

ter'-e-o-logMc-al.  Relating  to  order.  Purpose- 
Luck. 

tel"-e-ol'-o-gy.  The  doctrine  of  design.  Purpose- 
Luck. 

tel-ep'-a-thy.  Thought-transference.  Materiality- 
Spirituality. 

tel'-e-phone.  An  instrument  for  reproducing  sound  at 
a  distance.     Hearing-Deafness. 


tel'-e-scope.  An  optical  instrument.  ■  Astronomy 
Optical  Instruments. 

tel"-e-scop'-ic.  Visible  only  with  the  aid  of  a  telescope 
Astronomy,  Remoteness-Nearness. 

tel'-esm.     A  charm.     Devotion-Charm. 

tell.  To  relate;  to  bid;  to  decide;  to  tattle;  to  count; 
to  produce  an  effect.  Account,  Dominance-Impo- 
tence, Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Evidence-Coun- 
terevidence,  Exposure-Hidingplace,  Number- 
ing, Speech-Inarticulation,  Success-Failure; 
let  me  tell  you,  Assertion-Denial;  tell  a  lie,  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood; tell  a  piece  of  one's  mind,  Ex- 
posure-Hidingplace; tell  fortunes,  Prophecy;  tell 
how,  Rationale-Luck;  tell  its  own  tale,  Clearness- 
Obscurity,  Manifestation-Latency;  tell  of,  Evi- 
dence-Counterevidence,  Meaning-Jargon;  tell 
off,  Numbering;  tell  one  plainly,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy;  tell  one's  beads,  Ceremonial,  Devotion- 
Idolatry;  tell  tales,  Exposure-Hidingplace;  tell 
the  cause  of,  Interpretation-Misinterpretation; 
tell  the  truth,  Truthfulness-Falsehood;  who  can 
tell,  Certainty-Doubt. 

tell'-er.  A  bank  officer.  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Treasurer. 

tell'-ing.  Producing  a  great  effect;  striking.  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Excitation;  with  telling 
effect,  Dominance-Impotence,  Vigor-Inertia. 

tell'-tale".  Tattling;  a  tattler;  an  indicator.  Ex- 
posure-Hidingplace, Sign,  Tidings  Mystery,  Up- 
rightness-Rogue. 

tel-lu'-ric.     Pertaining  to  the  earth.     Universe. 

telum  imbelle  [L.]  (ti'-lum  im-bel'-lt).  Unwarlike 
weapon.     Might-Impotence. 

tem"-er-a'-ri-ous.  Rash;  headstrong.  Recklessness- 
Caution. 

te-merM-ty.     Recklessness.     Recklessness-Caution. 

tem'-per.  To  mitigate;  passion;  disposition.  Affec- 
tions, Condition-Situation,  Favorite-Quarrel- 
someness. Hardness-Softness,  Preparation-Non- 


TEMPER 


1052 


TENFOLD. 


PREPARATION,  SuBJECTIVENESS-OBJECTIVENESS, 

Turbulence-Calmness;  command  of  temper,  Ex- 
citability -Inexcitability;  lose  one's  temper, 
Favorite-Anger;  out  of  temper,  Favorite-Mo- 
roseness;  temper  the  wind  to  the  shorn  lamb, 
Alleviation-Aggravation  ;  trial  of  temper,  Ex- 
citation. 

tem'-pe-ra.     Painting  in  distemper.     Painting. 

tem'-per-a-ment.  A  system  of  tuning  musical  instru- 
ments; constitution.  Affections,  Inclination, 
Melody-Dissonance,  Subjectiveness-Objective- 
ness. 

tem'-per-ance.  Habitual  moderation.  Moderation- 
Selfindulgence,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

tem'-per-ate.  Mild;  observing  self-control.  Excita- 
bility -  Inexcitability,  Moderation  -  Selfindul- 
gence,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

tem'-per-a-ture .  Degree  of  heat  or  cold.  Heat-Cold; 
increase  of  temperature,  Heating-Cooling;  reduc- 
tion of  temperature,  Heating-Cooling. 

tem'-pered.  Brought  to  a  proper  temper.  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness. 

tem'-pest.  A  violent  wind.  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility,  River-Wind,  Turbulence-Calmness,  Vi- 
bration. 

tem"-pes-tiv'-i-ty.  Seasonableness.  Opportuneness- 
Unsuitableness. 

tem'-pest- tossed.     Storm-beaten.     Excitation. 

tem-pes'-tu-ous.     Stormy.     River-Wind. 

tempete  dans  un  verre  d'eau  [F.]  (tcur-pet'  danz  un- 
vfirdo).  Tempest  in  a  glass  of  water.  Agitation, 
Consequence-Insignificance. 

tempi  passati  [L.l  (tem'-pai  pas-se'-tai).  Time.s  gone 
by.     Future-Past,  Novelty-Antiquity. 

Tem'-plar.  A  member  of  a  great  military  order.  Good 
Templar,  Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

tem'-ple.  A  place  of  worship;  a  part  of  the  human 
anatomy.  Anatomy,  Dweller-Habitation,  Fane, 
Laterality-Contraposition;  temple  of  the  Holy 
Ghost,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

tempora  mutantur  et  nos  mulamur  in  illis  [L.]  (tem'- 
po-ra  miu-tan'-tur  et  nos  miu-tfe'-mur  in  il'-lis). 
Times  are  changed  and  we  change  with  them.  Mu- 
tation-Permanence. 

tempora!  O  mores  !  O  [L.]  (tem'-po-ra,  o  mo'-rtz,  o). 
O  times!  O  customs!  Approval -Disapproval, 
Jubilation-Lamentation,  Reputation-Discredit, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty,  Virtue-Vice. 

tem'-po-ral.  Secular;  pertaining  to  the  temple. 
Anatomy,  Lastingness-Transientness,  Ministry- 
Laity;  lords  temporal  and  spiritual,  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

tem"-po-ral'-i-ty.     The  laity.     Ministry-Laity. 

tem'-po-ra-ry.  To  be  used  for  a  short  time  only. 
Lastingness-Transientness;  temporary  chairman, 
President-Member. 

tempore,  dextro  [L.]  (tem'-po-ri,  dex'-tro).  At  a  lucky 
moment.     Purpose-Luck. 

iemport  parendum  [L.]  (tem'-po-rai  pe-ren'-dum). 
One  must  yield  to  the  times.     Observance-Non- 

OBSERVANCE. 

tem"-po-ri-za'-tion.  The  act  of  temporizing.  Craft  - 
Artlessness. 

tem'-po-rize.  To  procrastinate;  to  parley.  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Earliness-Lateness,  Lastingness- 
Transientness. 

temps,  autre,  autre  maurs  [F.]  (tan-,  otr,  otr  murs). 
Change  of  times,  change  of  manners.  Society- 
Ludicrousness. 

tempt.  To  try;  to  attempt;  to  allure.  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Motive-Caprice,  Venture;  tempt  fortune, 
Purpose -Luck,  Venture;    tempt  Providence,  Pre- 


sumption -  Obsequiousness,  Recklessness  -  Cau- 
tion. 

temp-ta'-tion.     Enticing  to  evil.     Desire-Distaste. 

tempt'-er.  One  who  tempts.  Angel-Satan,  Motive- 
Caprice;  voice  of  the  tempter,  Motive-Caprice. 

tempt'-ing.     Enticing.     Motive-Caprice. 

tempus  jugit  [L.]  (tem'-pus  fiu'-jit) .  Time  flies.  Swift- 
ness-Slowness, Time. 

tem'-u-len-cy.  Extreme  drunkenness.  Teetotalism- 
Intemperance. 

tem'-u-lent.    Drunken.    Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

tem'-u-lent-ive.  Given  to  drink.  Teetotalism-In- 
temperance. 

ten.  A  numeral.  Five-Quinquesection;  ten  to  one, 
Likelihood-Unlikelihood;  ten  thousand,  Five- 
Quinquesection. 

ten'-a-ble.  Capable  of  being  held.  Security-Inse- 
curity. 

te-na'-cious.  Tough.  Cohesion-Looseness,  Tough- 
ness-Brittleness. 

te-nac'-i-ty.  Firmness;  persistency.  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy, Cohesion-Looseness,  Determination-Vacil- 
lation, Extravagance-Avarice,  Keeping-Relin- 
quishment,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness.Tough- 
ness-Brittleness;  tenacity  of  purpose,  Persist- 
ence-Apostasy. 

te-nac'-u-lum.  Surgical  forceps.  Keeping-Relin- 
quishment. 

ten'-an-cy.     Occupancy.     Holding-Exemption. 

ten'-ant.  A  lessee.  Dweller-Habitation,  Holder, 
Presence-Absence. 

ten'-ant-less.  Unoccupied.  Presence-Absence, 
Sociability-Privacy. 

tenax  propositi  [L.]  (ti'-nax  pro-pos'-it-ai).  Tenacious 
of  a  purpose.  Determination-Vacillation,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

tend.  Have  a  bent;  give  heed  to.  Chief-Under- 
ling, Domestication-Agriculture,  Inclination, 
Obstruction-Help;  tend  towards,  Aim-Aberra- 
tion. 

tend'-ence.     Inclination.     Liberty-Subjection. 

tend'-en-cy.  Inclination.  Aim-Aberration,  Inclina- 
tion, Purpose-Luck. 

ten'-der.  Offer;  delicate;  vessel;  susceptible.  Bel- 
ligerent, Compassion -Ruthlessness,  Convey- 
ance-Vessel, Hardness-Softness,  Love-Hate, 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Proffer-Refusal,  Sensi- 
tiveness-Apathy; tender  age,  Infancy-Age;  ten- 
der conscience,  Duty-Dereliction;  tender  heart, 
Charitableness-Malevolence,  Compassion-Ruth- 
lessness,  Sensitiveness-Apathy;  tender  mercies, 
Charitableness-Malevolence,  Good  Man-Bad 
Man,  Harshness-Mildness;  tender  one's  resigna- 
tion, Commission-Retirement;  tender  passion, 
Love-Hate;  tender  to,  Obstruction-Help. 

ten'-der-f oot" .     A  newcomer.     Constituent-Alien. 

Ten'-der-loin".  A  police  district  of  New  York  City. 
City,  Virtue-Vice. 

ten'-der-ness.  Kindness.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Compassion-Ruthlessness,  Love-Hate. 

tend'-ing.     Inclining.     Inclination. 

ten'-don.     An  end  of  a  muscle.     Connective. 

ten'-dril.  The  part  of  a  plant  which  attaches  itself  to 
another  body.  Circle- Winding,  Connective,  In- 
fant-Veteran. Lamina-Fiber. 

ten-e'-bri-ous.     Gloomy.     Light-Darkness. 

ten'-e-ment.  Dwelling;  property.  Extension-Dis- 
trict, Property;  tenement  of  clay,  Life-Corpse. 

ten'-et.    A  principle  of  belief.     Faith-Misgiving. 

tenez  [F.]  (te-nfi').  Hold;  wait.  Discontinuance 
Continuance. 

ten'-fold".     In  tens.     Five-Quinquesection. 


TENNIS. 


1053 


TER. 


ten'-nis.    A  game.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

ten'-or.  The  highest  adult  male  voice;  nature;  a 
musical  instrument ;  career;  intent.  Aim-Aberra- 
tion, Cacophony,  Condition-Situation,  Meaning- 
Jargon,  Musical  Instruments,  Quantity-Meas- 
ure; pursue  the  noiseless  tenor  of  one's  way,  Con- 
ceit-Diffidence. 

ten'-pen"-ny.     A  certain  size  of  nails.     Instrument. 

ten'-pins".  A  game  played  in  a  bowling-alley.  En- 
tertainment-Weariness. • 

ten'-pound"-er.  A  cannon  discharging  a  ten-pound 
ball.     Weapon. 

tense.  Stretched  tight ;  a  form  of  the  verb  to  indicate 
time.  Hardness-Softness,  Verb;  aorist  tense, 
Verb;  future  tense,  Verb;  future  perfect  tense, 
Verb;  imperfect  tense,  Verb;  past  tense,  Verb; 
past  perfect  tense,  Verb;  pluperfect  tense,  Verb; 
present  tense,  Verb;  present  perfect  tense,  Verb; 
preterite  tense,  Verb. 

ten'-sile.  Capable  of  extension.  Elasticity-Inelas- 
ticity. 

ten'-sion.  The  act  of  stretching  or  straining.  Length- 
Shortness,  Strength-Weakness. 

ten'-sure.     A  stretching.      Length-Shortness. 

tent.  A  shelter  of  canvas;  to  cover  with  a  tent. 
Cover-Lining,  Dweller-Habitation;  pitch  one's 
tent,  Arrival -Departure,  Establishment -Re- 
moval. 

ten'-ta-cle.     A  feeler.     Keeping-Relinquishment. 

ten'-ta-tive.     Conjecture.     Trial,  Venture. 

tenle  d'abri  [F.]  (tamV  da-bri').  A  shelter-tent.  Cover- 
Lining. 

tent'-ed.  Occupied  by  tents.  Tented  field,  Fighting- 
Conciliation. 

ten'-ter-hook".  A  hook  for  stretching  cloth.  Sus- 
pension-Support; on  tenter-hooks,  Expectation- 
Surprise. 

tenth.     The  ordinal  of  ten.     Five-Quinquesection. 

tenths.     Plural  of  tenth.     Price-Discount. 

tent'-peg"-ging.  A  British  military  game.  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 

tents.  Shelters  of  canvas.  To  your  tents,  O  Israel, 
Fighting-Conciliation. 

tenue,  en  grande  [F.]  (te-nu',  an'  gran'd).  In  full  dress. 
Dress-Undress,  Embellishment-Disfigurement, 
Pomp. 

ten-u'-i-ty.  Thin;  rare.  Breadth-Narrowness, 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Solidity-Rarity. 

ten'-ure.  Possession;  being  held.  Dueness-Undue- 
ness,  Holding-Exemption,  Property. 

tep"-e-fac'-tion.     Lukewarmness.     Heating-Cooling. 

teph'-rc-man"-cy.     Divination.     Prophecy. 

tep'-id.     Lukewarm.     Heat-Cold. 

ter"-a-tol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  monstrosities.  Brag- 
ging, Con  ventionality-Unconventionality, Elec- 
tricity, Proportion-Deformity,  Simplicity-Flor- 
idness,  Society-Affectation. 

ter'-ce-ron'.  A  person  having  one-third  negro  and  two- 
thirds  white  blood.     Mixture-Homogeneity. 

ter"-e-bra'-tion.  The  act  of  boring  in  surgery.  Aper- 
ture-Closure. 

teres  atque  rolundus  [L.]  (ti'-riz  at'-qui  ro-tun'-dus). 
Smooth  and  round.      Roundness. 

teres  atque  rotundus,  tn  seipso  tolus  [L.]  (ti'-riz  at'-qui 
ro-tun'-dus,  in  si'-ip"-so  to'-tus) .  Altogether  smooth 
and  round.     Faultlessness-Faultiness. 

ter"-gi-ver-sa'-tion.  Evasion;  fickleness.  Advance- 
Retrogression,  Mutation-Permanence,  Persist- 
ence-Whim. 

term.  A  technical  word;  a  period  of  time;  place  in  a 
series.  Beginning-End,  Boundary,  Duration- 
Neverness,  Name-Misnomer,  Property,  Word- 
Neology. 


ter'-ma-gant.  Violently  abusive.  Favorite-Quar- 
relsomeness. 

ter'-mi-nal.  Limit.  Beginning-End,  Boundary;  ter- 
minal moraine,  Geology. 

ter'-mi-nate.    To  finish.    Beginning-End. 

ter"-mi-na'-tion.  The  act  of  terminating;  end.  Bound- 
ary. 

ter'-mi-na"-tor.     Boundary.     Astronomy. 

iermine,  mezzo  [It.]  (ter'-mi-ne,  med'-zo).  Half  the 
time.    Midcourse-Circuit. 

termini,  ex  vi  [L.]  (ter'-mi-nai,  ex  vai) .  By  force  of  ex- 
pression.    Strength-Weakness. 

ter"-mi-nol'-o-gy.  The  science  of  terms.  Word-Nb- 
ology. 

ter'-mi-nus.  The  final  goal.  Arrival-Departure, 
Beginning-End,  Boundary,  Completion-Noncom- 
pletion. 

term'-less.     Unlimited.     Infinity. 

terms.  Conditions.  Beginning-End,  Boundary,  Con- 
dition-Situation, Duration-Neverness,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation, Name-Misnomer,  Property,  Ra- 
tiocination-Instinct, Station,  Terms,  Word-Ne- 
ology; bring  to  terms,  Fighting-Conciliation; 
come  to  terms,  Assent-Dissent,  Consent,  Con- 
tract, Fighting-Conciliation,  Yielding;  couch  in 
terms,  Phrase;  in  no  measured  terms,  Force-Weak- 
ness; on  friendly  terms,  Amity-Hostility. 

TERMS. 

Articles.     Portions  of  a  contract,  account,  treaty,  or  the  like. 

Articles  of  agreement.     Conditions,  or  terms  of  agreement. 

Casus  fasderis  [L.J     The  basis  of  an  agreement  or  treaty. 

Clauses.     Separate  portions  of  a  legal  paper,  writing,  or  sentences. 

Conditions.     Terms  specified. 

Covenant.  A  written  and  sealed  agreement  between  two  or  muni 
persons  to  do  or  not  to  do  some  act. 

Obligation.     The  binding  power  of  a  vow,  promise,  or  contract. 

Provisions.     A  previous  agreement. 

Proviso.  An  article  or  clause,  as  in  a  contract,  introducing  a  condi- 
tion. 

Sine  qua  tion  [L.J      An  indispensable  condition. 

Stipulation.     A  material  article  of  an  agreement. 

Terms.  The  specific  parts  of  a  contract  which,  if  agra  d  upon,  bind 
the  parties. 

Ultimatum.     Final  condition. 

Terms — Verbs. 

Bind.     To  subject  to  a  definite  legal  obligation. 

Come  to  terms.     To  agree  upon  conditions.     See  Contract. 

Insist  upon.     To  be  persistent  in  one's  demands  or  claims. 

Make  a  point  of.     To-make  a  special  resolve  about. 

Make  it  a  condition.     Make  it  a  necessary  provision. 

Make  terms.      To  make  an  agreement. 

Stipulate.     To  specify  as  being  a  condition  of  an  agreement. 

Tie  up.     To  confine;  to  restrain. 

Terms — Adjectives. 

Conditional.     Made  or  granted  on  certain  definite  terms. 

Fenced.     Secured. 

Guarded.     On  condition. 

Hedged  in.      Surrounded. 

Provisional.     Provided  for  present  service;  temporary. 

Terms — Adverbs, etc. 

Conditionally.     See  Modification. 
On  condition.     Having  conditions  attached. 
Prorenata  [L.J     According  to  the  circumstances. 
Provisionally.     Having  conditions  attached. 

ter'-na-ry.  Consisting  of  three.  Triplication-Tri- 
section. 

ter'-ni-on.     Triad.     Triality. 

Terp-sich'-o-re.  The  muse  of  dancing.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Musician. 

ter  quaterque  beatus  [L.]  (ter  qua-ter'-qui  bi-£'-tus). 
Thrice  and  four  times  happy      Pleasure- Pain. 


TERRA. 


1054 


TERSENESS— PROLIXITY. 


terra  firma  [L.]  (ter'-ra  fir'-ma) .  Solid  land.  Ocean- 
Land,  Suspension-Support. 

terra  incognita  [L.]  (ter'-ra  in-cog'-ni-ta).  Unknown 
land.     Knowledge-Ignorance,  Tidings-Mystery. 

ter'-racc.  A  raised  level  with  sloping  sides;  houses 
occupying  such  a  position.  Dweller-Habitation, 
Erectness-Flatness. 

ter'-ra-cot"-ta.  A  species  of  pottery.  Heating-Cool- 
ing, Sculpture. 

ter-ra'-que-ous.  Containing  both  land  and  water. 
Universe. 

terre  verte  [F.]  (tar  vert).  Green  earth.  Redness- 
Greenness. 

ter-rene'.     Earthy.     Universe,  Ocean-Land. 

ter'-re-ous.     Earthy.     Universe. 

tcr-res'-tri-al.     Pertaining  to  the  earth.     Universe. 

ter-res'-tri-ous.     Terrestrial.     Universe. 

ter'-ri-ble.    Appalling.    Sanguineness-Timidity. 

ter'-ri-bly.    Awe-inspiring.    Magnitude-Smallness. 

ter'-ri-er.  A  dog;  a  land-survey;  an  augur.  Fauna- 
Flora,  Perforator-Stopper,  Record. 

ter-rif'-ic.  Very  alarming.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
pulness,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 


ter'-ri-fy.    To  fill  with  terror.  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

ter-rine  .  An  earthenware  jar,  containing  some  table 
delicacy,  sold  with  its  contents.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

tcr"-ri-to'-ri-al.  Pertaining  to  a  territory.  Exten- 
sion-District, Ocean-Land. 

ter'-ri-to"-ry.  A  nation's  domain.  Extension-Dis- 
trict, Property. 

ter'-ror.  Extreme  fright.  Sanguineness-Timidity; 
king  of  terrors,  Life-Death;  reign  of  terror,  Harsh- 
ness-Mildness, Pleasure-Pain. 

terroretn,  in  [L.]  (ter-ro'-rem,  in).  In  terror.  Chari- 
tableness-Menace, Sanguineness-Timidity. 

ter'-ror-ism.  The  state  of  extreme  fright.  Presump- 
tion-Obsequiousness, Sanguineness-Timidity. 

ter'-ror-ist.  One  who  governs  by  intimidation.  Bene-, 
factor  -  Evildoer,  Bravery  -  Cowardice,  Braw- 
ler. 

ter'-ror-ize.  To  reduce  to  a  state  of  terror.  Sanguine- 
ness-Timidity. 

terse.     Short  and  pointed.     Terseness-Prolixity. 

terse'-ness.  Briefness  and  comprehensiveness.  Terse- 
ness-Prolixity. 


TERSENESS— PROLIXITY. 


Abridgment.     That  which  diminishes;  a  reduction. 

Brevity.     Shortness. 

Compression.     The  state  of  being  brought  within  narrow  limits.    See 

Enlargement-Diminution. 
Conciseness.     Brevity  in  speaking  or  writing. 
"  The  soul  of  wit."     Brevity.     [Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  II,  ii.| 

Terseness — Denotations. 

Ellipsis.  The  omission  of  a  word  or  words  necessary  to  complete  a 
sentence. 

Epitome.  A  concise  statement  of  the  main  points  of  a  work.  See  Di- 
gest. 

Laconism.  A  brief  and  sententious  manner  of  expression,  like  that 
of  the  Laconians  or  Spartans. 

Monostich.     A  composition  of  one  verse;  an  epigram. 

Syncope.  The  elision  of  a  vowel  or  syllable  from  the  middle  of  a 
word 

Tacitus.  A  Roman  historian  celebrated  for  his  profound  thought 
and  terse  style. 

Terseness — Verbs. 

Abridge.     To  shorten.     See  Length-Shortness. 
Abstract.     To  epitomize  or  reduce.     See  Digest. 
Be  concise.     To  express  in  a  few  words. 
Come  to  the  point.     To  speak  in  as  few  words  as  possible. 
Condense.     To  make  more  close,  compact,  or  dense.     See  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution. 

Terseness-^-  A  djecttves 

Brief.     In  few  words. 

Close.     Concise;  to  the  point. 

Compact.     Consolidated 

Compendious.     Abridged.     See  Digest. 

Concise.     Expressed  in  few  words. 

Crisp.     Short. 

Curt.     Characterized  by  brevity. 

Elliptical.     Having  a  part  omitted. 

Epigrammatic.     Concise,  pointed. 

Exact.     Precisely  or  definitely  conceived  or  stated. 

Laconic.     Expressing  much  in  a  few  words. 

Neat.     Free  from  admixture. 

Pithy.     Having  concentrated  force  and  energy. 

Pregnant.     Implying  more  than  expressed. 

Quaint.     Prim 

Short.      Brief. 

Succinct.     Characterized  by  pithiness  and  brevity. 

Summary.     Condensed  to  the  utmost  practicable  degree. 

Terse.     Free  of  superfluous  words. 

To  the  point.     Spoken  directly. 

Trenchant.      Effective,  penetrating. 

Terseness — Adverbs. 

Briefly.     In  few  words. 
Concisely      In  a  few  words. 


Ambages.     A  circumlocution. 

Amplification.     Diffusive  description  or  discussion. 

Battology.     Unnecessary  repetition  in  speaking  or  writing 

Circumlocution.     Indirect  or  roundabout  expression. 

Cloud  of  words.     Words  in  such  numbers  as  to  obscure  the  meaning. 

Copia  verborum  [L  ].     An  abundance  of  words. 

Diffuseness.     A  copious  use  of  words 

Dilating.     Writing  diffusely  or  at  length. 

Flow  of  words.     Copiousness  of  words. 

Penny-a-lining.     Furnishing  matter  to  a  journal  at  so  much  a  Kne. 

Periphrase.     Periphrasis. 

Periphrasis.     The  art  of  saying  little  in  many  words. 

Perissology.     Superabundance  of  words. 

Pleonasm.     The  use  of  more  words  than  needed  to  express  a  thought. 

Polylogy.     Talkativeness. 

Prolixity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  drawn  out  by  minute  detail. 

Redundance.     Superabundance. 

Richness.     The  condition  of  being  full  of  good  thoughts.     See  Sim- 

plicity-Floridness. 
Roundabout  phrases.     Phrases  characterized  by  indirectness. 
Tautology.     Unnecessary  repetition,  whether  in  word  or  sense. 
Thrice-told  tale.     Tale  told  many  times 
Verbiage.     The  use  of  many  words  without  necessity 
Verbosity.     The  state  or  quality  of  using  wearisome  and  unnecessary 

number  of  words. 

Prolixity — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Episode.     A  separate  incident  introduced  into  a  story  to  give  variety 
Expletive.     A  word  or  syllable  not  necessary  to  the  sense. 
Exuberance.     Copiousness. 

Prolixity — Verbs. 
Amplify.     To  enlarge  by  addition  or  discussion. 
Battre  la  campagne  [F  ]      To  beat  about  the  bush. 
Beat  about  the  bush.     To  approach  a  subject  in  a  roundabout  way. 
Branch  out.     To  enlarge,  amplify,  or  diverge  from  the  main  subject. 
Descant.     To  discourse  at  length  or  in  detail. 
Diffuse.     To  be  prolix. 
Digress.      To  turn  aside  from  the  main  subject  and  dwell  for  a  time 

upon  incidental  matters. 
Dilate.     To  enlarge  upon. 
Draw  out.     To  prolong. 
Dwell  on.     To  expatiate 

Enlarge.     To  express  oneself  at  length  or  diffusely. 
Expand.     To  enlarge  without  increasing  the  substance. 
Expatiate.     To  discuss  copiously  or  with  many  words. 
Harp  upon.     To  revert  to  some  subject  incessantly. 
Inflate.     To  cause  to  be  extended  or  bombastic. 
Insist  upon.     To  be  persistent. 
Launch  out.     To  expatiate  in  language. 
Maunder.     To  talk  incoherently  or  foolishly 
Perorate,     To  deliver  a  grandiloquent  oration. 
Prose.     To  speak  or  discourse  prosily  or  tediously. 
Protract.     To  cause  to  occupy  a  longer  time  than  usual. 


TERSENESS. 


1055 


TEXTUARY. 


TERSENESS- 
TERSENESS — Auvekbs — Continued. 

Tot  shortness'  sake. 

In  a  few  words. 

In  a  word. 

In  brief. 

In  short. 

It  comes  to  this.     In  short. 

Summarily.     In  a  condensed  manner. 

The  long  and  short  of  it  is. 

To  be  brief. 

To  come  to  the  point. 

To  cut  the  matter  short.     To  speak  in  a  few  words. 

To  make  a  long  story  short.     In  a  few  words. 


PROLIXITY — Adjectives — Continued  IromColumn  i. 

Pleonastic.     Characterized  by  the  use  of  superfluous  words. 

Profuse.     Characterized  by  overabundance. 

Prolix.     Unduly  extended  by  the  use  of  needless  words. 

Prosing.     Speaking  or  discoursing  prosily  or  tediously. 

Protracted.     To  cause  to  occupy  a  longer  time  than  is  usual. 

Rambling.     Talking  aimlessly. 

Roundabout.     Characterized  by  indirect  methods. 

Spun  out.     Drawn  out  to  undue  length. 

Verbose.     Containing  an  unnecessary  number  of  words. 

Wordy.     Expressed  in  many  words. 

Prolixity — Adverbs,  etc. 
About  it  and  about  it.     In  many  words. 
At  large.     Without  speaking  directly. 
Diffusely.     In  a  diffuse  manner. 
Jnextenso  [L.J.      In  full. 


-PROLIXITY— Continued. 

PROLIXITY—  Verbs— Continued 

Ramble.     To  talk  in  a  careless,  aimless  manner. 

Rant.     To  speak  vehemently  without  corresponding  force  of  thought 

or  feeling. 
Run  out  on.     To  expatiate. 
Spins  long  yarn.     To  relate  a  long  story. 
Spin  out.     To  protract. 
Swell  out.     To  make  large. 

Prolixity — Adjectives. 

Ambagious.     Characterized  by  circumlocution. 
Circumlocutory.     Roundabout. 

Copious.     Employing  more  expression  and  illustration. 
Diffuse.     Characterized  by  redundance  or  prolixity. 
Digressive.     Given  to  or  characterized  by  digression. 
Discursive.     Wandering  away  from  the  point  or  theme. 
Episodic.     Pertaining  to  or  of  the  nature  of  an  episode. 
Excursive.     Disconnected  and  rambling. 
Exuberant.     Marked  by  great  plentifulness. 
Flatulent.     Pretentious  without  substance  or  reality. 
Frothy.     Empty. 

Largiloquent.     Speaking  in  an  inflated  or  boastful  manner. 
Lengthy.     Not  brief. 
Long.     Continued  to  a  great  length. 
Long  drawn  out.     Long-winded. 
Longsome.     Extended  in  length. 
Long-spun.     Protracted. 

Long-winded.     Continuing  for  a  long  time  in  speaking  or  writing. 
Maundering.     Incoherent. 

Periphrastic.     Expressed  in  a  roundabout  manner. 
{Continued  on  Column  i.) 


ter'-tian.  Recurring  on  the  third  day.  Periodicity- 
Irregularity. 

ter'-ti-a-ry.    Third  in  number.    Triality. 

Ter'-ti-a-ry  pe'-ri-od.     Geologic  period.     Geology. 

tertium  quid  [L.]  (ter'-shi-um  quid).  A  third  some- 
thing. Composition-Resolution,  Conventional- 
ity -  Unconventionality,  Likeness  -  Unlikeness, 
Mixture-Homogeneity. 

tes'-sel-la"-ted.  Constructed  in  mosaic  style.  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement, Variegation. 

tes'-se-ra.    One  of  a  set  of  dice.    Sign. 

tes'-se-ras.  Stones  for  mosaic  pavements;  dice.  Sign, 
Variegation. 

test.     Critical  trial.     Sign,  Trial. 

testa,  voce  di  [It.]  (tes'-ta,  vo'-che  di).  The  head- 
voice.     Cacophony. 

tes'-ta-ment.     A  covenant.     Security. 

Tes-ta-ment.  One  of  the  two  volumes  of  Scripture. 
Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

tes-ta'-mur.  A  certificate  that  one  has  passed  an  ex- 
amination at  an  English  university.  Evidence- 
Counterevidence. 

teste  valgono  piu  die  una  sola,  due  [It.]  (tes'-t6  vol- 
go'-no  pi'-u  ke  u'-na  so'-la,  du'-e).  Two  heads  are 
better  than  one.    Cooperation-Opposition. 

tes'-ter.  A  canopy  over  a  bed;  a  coin.  Money,  Sus- 
pension-Support. 

tes"-ti-fi-ca'-tion.  Act  of  testifying.  Suspension-Sup- 
port. 

tes'-ti-fy.  To  affirm  positively.  Evidence-Counter- 
evidence,  Sign. 

tes"-ti-mo'-ni-al.  A  formal  token  of  regard.  Mark- 
Obliteration. 

tes'-ti-mo-ny.  A  sworn  statement.  Evidence-Coun- 
terevidence. 

test'-tube".  A  vessel  used  in  making  chemical  tests. 
Chemistry,  Trial. 

tes'-ty.     Snappish.     Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

tet"-ar-to-he'-drism.    A  form  of  crystal.    Mineralogy. 

tetch'-y.  Peevishly  sensitive.  Favorite-Quarrel- 
someness. 

tetea-tete    [F.]   (tAt'-a-t£t')       A  private   conversation. 


Conversation-Monologue,  Duality,  Remoteness- 
Nearness. 

the  baissee,  donner  [F.]  (t£t  M-s£',  do-n£').  To  under- 
take rashly.     Recklessness-Caution. 

tele  d'armee  [F.]  (t£t  dar-m£').  Head  of  the  army. 
Chief-Underling. 

tete  exallie  [F.]  (tet  eg-zal-te').     Insanity.    Saneness- 

LUNACY. 

tete  montfe  [F.]  (tSt  mon--te').  Insanity.  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability,  Saneness-Lunacy. 

teth'-er.  Restrain;  something  used  to  check.  Estab- 
lishment-Removal, Release-Prison,  Release- 
Restraint,  Union-Disunion;  go  beyond  the  length 
of  one's  tether,  Rule-License. 

teth'-ered.    Restrained.     Mutability-Stability. 

tet'-ra-chord.  A  scale  series  of  half  an  octave.  Melody- 
Dissonance. 

tet'-ract-ic.  The  quality  of  having  four  rays.  Qua- 
ternity. 

tet'-rad.    A  collection  of  four.     Quaternity. 

tet-rag'-o-nal.  Forming  a  certain  kind  of  symmetry. 
Mineralogy;  tetragonal  prism,  Mineralogy;  tet- 
ragonal pyramid,  Mineralogy;  tetragonal  system, 
Mineralogy. 

tet"-ra-he'-dral.     Like  a  tetrahedron.     Mineralogy. 

tet"-ra-he'-dron.  A  solid  bounded  by  four  faces.  An- 
gularity. 

tet"-ra-hex"-a-he'-dron.  Form  of  crystal.  Miner- 
alogy. 

tet'-rarch.  The  governor  of  one  part  of  a  country 
divided  into  four  governments.     Chief-Underling. 

Teu-ton.     A  German.     Ethnology. 

text.  The  original  words  of  an  author;  topic;  the  body 
of  matter  as  distinguished  from  a  paraphrase.  Con- 
ception-Theme,  Copy-Model,  Meaning-Jargon, 
Writing-Printing. 

text'-book".    A  manual.    Digest,  School. 

tex'-tile.  Pertaining  to  weaving.  Crossing,  Tex- 
ture. 

tex'-tu-a-ry.  Authoritative;  one  versed  in  the  Scrip- 
tures. Orthodoxy -Heterodoxy,  Revelation- 
Pseudorevelation. 


TEXTURE. 


1056 


THANKFULNESS-THANKLESSNESS. 


tex'-ture.  Structural  order.  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement, Mixture-Homogeneity,  Smoothness- 
Roughness,  Texture. 

TEXTURE. 

Anatomy.     The  study  of  the  structure  of  organisms. 

Architecture.     The  science  of  designing  and  constructing  structures. 

Carcass.     The  frame  or  structure  of  anything. 

Cleavage.     The  act  of  splitting  or  dividing  the  texture  of  anything. 

Compages  [L.].     A  structure  of  many  united  parts. 

Constitution.     An  established  system  of  related  parts. 

Construction.     The  act  of  building;  structure. 

Contexture.     Anything  composed  of  interwoven  materials. 

Intertexture.     What  is  interwoven. 

Organization.     That  which  is  brought  into  structural  connection. 

Stratification.     That  which  is  of  stratified  structure. 

Structure.     A  combination  of  parts  in  relation  to  each  other. 

Texture.     Structural  order  of  anything. 

Texture — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Coarseness  of  grain.     Textile  materials  not  closely  interwoven. 

Fabric.    -Structure;  texture. 

Fineness  of  grain.     Of  finely  woven  texture. 

Frame.     Structure. 

Framework.     A  structure  for  enclosing  anything. 

Grain.     An  essential  element  in  the  structure  of  anything. 

Hold.     Anything  which  serves  to  regulate  the  structure  of. 

Nap.     The  edge  of  woven  cloth.     See  Smoothness-Roughness. 

Organism.     Organic  structure. 

Parenchyma  [Gr.].  The  tissue  outside  the  blood-vessels  and  de- 
rived from  the  blood. 

Staple.     The  principal  element  in  anything. 

Stuff.     The  material  of  which  anything  is  made. 

Substance.     That  of  which  a  thing  consists. 

Surface.     The  exterior  part  of  anything  that  has  length  and  breadth. 

Tissue.     A  light  textile  fabric. 

Tooth.  One  of  the  wires  in  a  carding  instrument  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  textile  fabrics. 

Warp  and  weft.  In  weaving  textile  fabrics,  the  threads  lengthwise 
and  crosswise. 

Warp  and  woof.     Same  as  warp  and  weft. 

Web.     That  which  is  woven. 

Texture — Scientific  Nouns. 
Adenography.     That  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  structure 

of  the  glands. 
Adenology.     The  doctrine  of  the  glands. 

Angiography.     A  description  of  the  vessels  of  the  human  body. 
Angiology.     The  doctrine  of  the  vessels  of  the  human  body. 
Histology.     That  branch  of  biology  that  treats  of  the  structure  of  the 

tissues  of  organisms. 


Myology.     The  science  which  treats  of  the  structure  of  the  musculai 

system. 
Neurology.     The  science  of  the  nervous  system. 
Organology.     That  branch  of  biology  treating  of  the  structure  of  tho 

organs  of  the  body. 
Osteology.     The  science  of  the  bones. 
Splanchnology.     The  doctrine  of  the  viscera. 

Texture — Adjectives. 

Anatomic.     Pertaining  to  anatomy.     See  Nouns. 

Anatomical.     Same  as  anatomic. 

Coarse.     Of  rough  structure. 

Coarse-grained.     Composed  of  large  or  rough  structural  element!. 

Delicate.     Of  fine,  light  texture. 

Filmy.     Of  gauzy,  unsubstantial  texture. 

Fine.     Of  light  and  delicate  texture. 

Fine-grained.     Composed  of  fine  and  light  structural  element!. 

Gossamery.     Of  fine  and  filmy  substance. 

Homespun.     Spun  at  home;  hence,  coarse  and  rough. 

Organic.     Consisting  of  organs. 

Structural.     Pertaining  to  the  structure. 

Subtile.     Of  very  fine  texture. 

Textile.     Formed  by  weaving. 

Textural.     Of  or  pertaining  to  texture.     See  Nouns. 

Tha'-is.  A  courtezan  of  Alexander  the  Great.  Purity- 
Rake. 

tha'-ler.     Coin.     Values. 

Tha-H'-a.     The  muse  of  comedy.     Acting. 

thalatta!  thalatta!  [Gr.]  (tha'-lat-ta  tha'-lat-ta).  The 
sea!    the  sea!    Jubilation-Lamentation. 

Thal'-mud.  Talmud;  the  Jewish  law  not  comprised  in 
the  Pentateuch.     Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

Thames.  A  river  in  England.  Never  set  the  Thames  on 
fire,  Adept-Bungler,  Possibility-Impossibility, 
Sage-Fool. 

thane.  One  of  the  old  nobility  in  the  king's  service. 
Gentility-Commonalty. 

thank.  To  express  gratitude.  Thankfulness-Thank- 
lessness;  no  thank  you,  Proffer-Refusal;  thank 
one's  stars,  Jubilation-Lamentation;  thank  you 
for  nothing,  Thankfulness-Thanklessness. 

thank'-ful.  Sensible  of  kindness  received  and  disposed 
to  acknowledge  it.  Thankfulness-Thanklessness  ; 
rest  and  be  thankful,  Action-Passiveness,  Content- 
edness-Discontentment,  Movement-Rest. 

thank'-ful-ness.  Gratitude.  Thankfulness-Thank- 
lessness. 


THANKFULNESS-THANKLESSNESS. 


Feeling  of  obligation.     A  feeling  of  being  constrained  to  return  kind- 
nesses shown. 
Gratitude.     A  feeling  of  appreciation  for  favors  shown. 
Thankfulness.     The  outward  expression  of  gratitude. 

Thankfulness — Nouns  of  Means. 

Acknowledgment.     The  act  of  expressing  thanks. 

Benediction.     An  expression  of  blessing,  prayer,  or  kind  wishes. 

Giving  thanks.     Thanksgiving. 

Grace.     The  exercise  of  love,  kindness,  mercy,  and  favor. 

Grace  after  meat.    )  A  prayer  of   thanksgiving   for  the  blessings  of 

Grace  before  meat  J       food. 

iPsean.     A  song  of  praise. 

■Praise.     The  tribute  of  gratitude  and  honor  rendered  to  God. 

^Recognition.     The  act  of  gratefully  recognizing  services  bestowed. 

/Requital.     Return,  good  or  bad,  for  anything  done. 

\TeDeum  [L.J      A  Latin  hymn  of  praise.     See  Devotion. 

Thank-offering.     A  gift  given  to  show  one's  gratitude. 

Thanks.     Expression  of  gratitude. 

Thanksgiving.     A  formal  expression  of  thanks. 

Thankfulness — Verbs. 
Acknowledge.     To  own  with  gratitude. 
Be  grateful.     To  feel  appreciation  for  favors  shown. 
Be  under  obligation.     To  be  constrained  to  return  some  kindness  or 

courtesy. 
Bless  one's  stars.     To  be  grateful  for  one's  good  luck. 
Pall  on  one's  knees.     To  give  thanks  to  God. 


Ingratitude.     A  lack  of  appreciation  for  favors  received. 
Oblivion  of  benefits.     The  entire  forgetting  of  benefits  received. 
Thanklessness.     The  quality  of  not  expressing  gratitude. 

Thanklessness — Denotations. 

Benefits  forgot.     Favor  for  which  one  expresses  no  gratitude. 
Thankless  office.  I  That  which  one  does  for  which  he  receives  no  re- 
Thankless  task,  i       ward  or  gratitude. 

Thanklessness — Verbs. 

Be  ungrateful,  etc.     To  be  marked  by  ingratitude.     See  Adjectives. 
Forget  benefits.     To  be  ungrateful  after  a  short  time. 
Look  a  gift-horse  in  the  mouth.     To  be  doubtful  about  the  value  of  a 
gift. 

Thanklessness — Adjectives. 

Forgotten.     Treated  with  ingratitude. 

Ill-requited.     Treated  with  ingratitude  when  some  recompense  wac 

deserved. 
Ingrate.     Ungrateful,  so  as  to  return  evil  for  good. 
Insensible  of  benefits.     Naturallv  devoid  of  gratitude. 
Thankless.     Not  feeling  or  expressing  gratitude. 
Unacknowledged.     Not  having  received  thanks. 
Ungrateful.     Not  feeling  gratitude. 

Unmindful.     Not  keeping  benefits  in  mind  with  gratitude 
Unrequited.     Not  having  received  any  recompense  of  gratitude. 
Unrewarded.     Not  having  received  the  due  reward  of  gratitude. 


THANKFULNESS. 


1057 


THEFT. 


THANKFULNESS— THANKLESSNESS— Continued. 


THANKFULNESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Feel  under  an  obligation  To  feel  constrained  to  return  some  kind- 
ness or  courtesy. 

Give  thanks.     To  express  gratitude,  usually  in  prayer. 

Lie  under  an  obligation.     To  be  under  an  obligation. 

Never  forget.     To  be  grateful  forever. 

Not  look  a  gift-horse  in  the  mouth.  To  be  grateful  for  a  gift  without 
doubting  its  value. 

Offer  thanks.     To  express  gratitude,  usually  in  prayer. 

Overflow  with  gratitude.     To  be  grateful  in  a  very  great  degree. 

Render  thanks.     To  express  gratitude  in  words. 

Requite.     To  return  something  good  out  of  gratitude. 

Return  thanks.  To  express  gratitude,  especially  for  something  before 
prayed  for 

S avoir  gre"  [F.'j.     To  take  kindly. 

Tender  thanks.     To  present  thanks  to  any  one. 

Thank.     To  express  gratitude. 

Thank  one's  stars.     To  express  gratitude  for  one's  good  fortune. 

Thankfulness— Adjectives. 
Beholden.     Owing  gratitude. 
Grateful.     Full  of  gratitude. 


THANKLESSNESS—  Adjectives— Continued. 

Unthanked.     Having  received  no  expression  of  gratitude. 
Unthankful.     Not  possessing  or  expressing  gratitude. 
Wanting  in  gratitude.     Lacking  in  gratitude. 

Thanklessness — Phrases. 

Et  tu  Brute  fL.].     Thou  too,  Brutus.     [Julius  Cgesar.} 
Thank  you  for  nothing. 


THANKFULNESS— Adjectives— Continued. 

Indebted  to.     Full  of  gratitude  towards  for  a  service  rendered. 

Obliged.     Pleased  in  a  grateful  manner. 

Thankful.     Full  of  thanks. 

Under  obligation.     Owing  gratitude  to. 

Thankfulness — Interjections. 

Gramercyi  heaven  be  praised!   many  thanks  1  much  obliged  I  thank 
heaven  I  thanks  I  thank  you  1 


thank'-less.  Not  feeling  gratitude.  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness, Thankfulness-Thanklessness. 

thank'-less-ness.  State  of  being  thankless.  Thankful- 
ness-Thanklessness. 

thank'-of'-fer-ing.  An  offering  expressive  of  gratitude. 
Thankfulness-Thanklessness. 

thanks.  Gratitude.  Thankfulness-Thanklessness  ; 
thanks  to,  Rationale-Luck. 

thanks'-giv"-ing.  The  expression  of  gratitude.  De- 
votion-Idolatry,  Thankfulness-Thanklessness. 

that.  A  demonstrative  pronoun  having  reference  to  a 
definite  person  or  thing.  Universality-Particu- 
larity; at  that  time,  Time;  that  being  so,  Condition- 
Situation;  that  is,  Time;  that  is  to  say,  Interpreta- 
tion-Misinterpretation, Meaning-Jargon,  Uni- 
versality-Particularity. 

thatch.    A  covering  of  reeds  or  the  like.  Cover- Lining. 

thau'-ma-trope.  An  optical  toy.  Optical  Instru- 
ments. 

thau'-mat-ur"-gist.  A  magician.   Devotion-Magician. 

thau'-mat-ur"-gy.  Magic.  Astonishment-Expec- 
tance, Devotion-Magician. 

thaw.  Melt.  Compassion-Ruthlessness,  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability,  Heat-Cold,  Heating-Cool- 
ing, Liquefaction-Volatilization. 

the'-ar-chy.  Government  by  a  supreme  deity.  Divin- 
ity, Rule-License. 

the'-a-ter.  A  playhouse;  the  scene  of  any  event.  Act- 
ing, Entertainment-Weariness,  Lists,  School, 
Sight-Blindness,  Tribunal. 

Ikg&tre,  coup  de  [F.j  (te-atr',  cu  de).  A  stage  trick. 
Acting,  Appearance-Disappearance,  Phenome- 
non, Pomp. 

the'&tre,  jeit  de  [F.]  (te-atr',  zhu  de).  Dumb  show. 
Appearance-Disappearance,  Phenomenon. 

the-at'-ric.    Pertaining  to  a  theater.    Acting. 

the-at'-ric-al .  Pertaining  to  the  theater;  done  for  effect. 
Acting,  Pomp,  Society-Affectation. 

The'-ban.  A  native  of  Thebes.  Learned  Theban, 
Scholar-Dunce. 

the'-ca.     A  sheath  or  case.     Cover-Lining. 

theft.    Larceny.    Theft,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

THEFT. 

Abstiaction.     Stealing  so  as  not  to  be  noticed. 

Appropriation.  Taking  another's  property  for  one's  own  use  with- 
out consent. 

Blackmail.      Money  extorted  from  persons  by  threats  of  exposure. 

Brigandage.     Highway  robbery. 

Buccaneering.      Robbery  on  the  high  seas. 

Burglary.  Breaking  into  a  dwelling-house  at  night  for  the  purpose 
of  stealing. 


Direption.     The  act  of  carrying  away  something  stolen. 
Embezzlement.     The  fraudulent  appropriation  of  entrusted  funds 

to  one's  own  use. 
Filibustering.     Carrying   on    an    unlawful   military   expedition   fo* 

plunder. 
Filibusterism.     The  conduct  of  filibusters. 
Foray.     A  sudden  raid  for  plunder. 
Fraud.     Theft  accomplished  by  deliberate  deception. 
Housebreaking.     Entering  into  a  house  in  the   daytime  with  the 

intention  of  stealing. 
Larceny.     Stealing  the  personal  property  of  another. 
Latrociny.     Theft. 
Peculation.     Fraudulent  appropriation  of    public  money  to    one'i 

own  use. 
Petty  larceny.     The  stealing  of  goods  of  or  under  a  fixed  small  value. 
Pillage.     Robbing  on  a  large  and  thorough  scale. 

Piracy.      Forcible  seizure  without  lawful  authority  on  the  high  sea«. 
Plagiarism.     Literary  theft. 
Plagiary.     A  literary  thief. 

Plunder.     The  act  of  removing  another's  property  with  force. 
Privateering.     Lawful  depredation  on  the  high  seas. 
Rape.     The  carrying  away  of  property  by  violence. 
Rapine.     Seizure  by  superior  force. 
Razzia.     A  military  incursion  for  pillage. 
Robbery.     The  act  of  stealing  openly  and  with  violence. 
Sack        \ 

Sackage.  J  The  act  of  storrriinS  and  plundering. 
Shoplifting.     Petty  theft  from  a  store  under  a  pretense  of  buying. 
Spoliation.     Robbery  that  takes  away  the  value. 
Stealing.     Taking  the  property  of  another  without  his  consent. 
Theft.     The  act  of  stealing  secretly  and  without  violence. 
Thievery.     The  practise  of  stealing  by  stealth. 

Theft — Denotations. 
Alsatia.     A  slang  name  for  Whitefriars,  London,  a  noted  den  at 

thieves. 
Den  of  Cacus.     The  cave  of  a  noted  thief  in  mythology. 
Den  of  thieves.     A  thieves'  quarter. 

Theft — Nouns  of  Cause 
Cleptomania.     A  morbid  propensity  to  steal. 
Cleptomaniac.     One  who  steals  involuntarily. 
Kidna  pper.     Man-stealer. 

Rapacity.     An  overwhelming  desire  to  plunder. 
Thievishness.     The  state  of  being  addicted  to  stealing. 

Theft — Nouns  of  Agency. 

Letters  of  marque.     Licenses  given  to  privateers  to  seize  vessels 

belonging  to  the  enemy. 
License  to  plunder. 

Theft — Verbs. 

Abduct.     To  take  away  wrongfully. 

Abstract.     To  steal  so  as  not  to  be  noticed. 

Bag.     To  seize  property  without  permission. 

Bilk.     To  cheat  by  taking  advantage  of. 

Borrow  of  Peter  to  pay  Paul.  To  take  from  one  person  to  help 
another;  originally,  taking  the  revenue  fr^.m  St.  Peter's  (West- 
minster Abbey)  to  pay  the  cost  of  building  St.  Paul  s.  London. 


THEFT. 


1058 


THEOKi. 


Cabbage.     To  steal  small  amounts  at  a  time. 

Convey  away.i  To  take  awav  without  the  owner's  consent. 

Crib.     To  take  small  things  secretly. 

Crimp.     To  decoy  and  then  rob. 

Defraud.     To  withhold  someone's  property  by  deliberate  deception. 

See  Truthfulness-Fraud. 
Despoil.     To  take  away  from  by  force. 
Disregard  ths  distinction    between  meum  and   tuum.     To  disregard 

the  distinc.ion  between  mine  and  thine. 
Embezzle.     To  fraudulently  appropriate  entrusted  funds  for  one's 
own  use. 

Filch.     To  pilfer  cunningly. 

Fleece.     To  take  all  one's  money  away  by  fraud. 

Forage.     To  take  away  provisions  for  military  use. 

Gut.     To  plunder  thoroughly. 

Kidnap.     To  steal  a  child. 

Levy  blackmail.     To  extort  money  by  threats  of  exposure. 

Lift  cattle.     To  steal  cattle. 

Live  by  one's  wits.     To  live  by  tricks  and  expedients. 

Loot.     To  take  booty  in  a  captured  city. 

Make  off  with.     To  take  away  with  no  one's  consent  or  knowledge. 

Maraud.     To  make  an  incursion  for  plunder. 

Mulct.     To  deprive  of  money  by  fining  unjustly. 

Nim.     To  steal  by  trickery. 

Obtain  under  false  pretenses.     To  get  money  by  making  false  repre- 
sentations of  what  it  will  be  used  for. 

Palm.     To  cheat  by  imposing  upon. 

Peculate.     To  fraudulently  appropriate  public  funds  to  one's  own 
use. 

Pickeer.     To  pillage  in  skirmishing  parties. 

Pigeon.     To  swindle  by  imposing  upon  one's  credulity. 

Pilfer.     To  steal  articles  of  trifling  value. 

Pillage.     To  rob  on  a  large  and  thorough  scale. 

Pirate.     To  practise  piracy. 

Plagiarize.     To  commit  a  literary  theft. 

Pluck.     To  deprive  of  everything  of  value. 

Plunder.     To  remove  another's  property  with  force. 

Poach.     To  hunt  unlawfully  or  steal. 

Prig.     In  slang,  to  steal. 

Purloin.     To  taka  by  theft. 

Ransack.     To  pillage  entirely. 

Rifle.     To  remove  everything  that  could  be  plundered. 

Rob.     To  steal  with  open  violence. 

Rob  Peter  to  pay  Paul.     To  take  from  one  person  to  help  another. 

Rook.     To  cheat. 

Run.     To  evade  legal  restrictions  on  imported  goods. 

Run  away  with.)  —     "     . 

Run  off  with.      lT°steaI- 

Sack.     To  storm  and  plunder. 

Seize.     To  take  by  force. 

Set  a  thief  to  catch  a  thief.     To  catch  by  secret  methods. 

Smuggle.     To  take  merchandise  into  a  country  unlawfully. 

Spoil.     To  rob  thoroughly  by  violence. 

Spoliate.     To  practise  robbery. 

Sponge.     To  get  from  another  by  a  mean  trick. 

Steal.     To  take  another's  property  without  his  tonsent. 

Strip.     To  deprive  of  entirely. 

Sweep.     To  make  a  sudden  and  thorough  depredation. 

Swindle.     To  take  from  by  fraud. 

Thieve.     To  steal  in  a  stealthy  manner. 

Walk  off  with.     To  steal. 


Furacious.  j  SteaHng 


Theft — Adjectives. 


Furtivi. 

Light-fingered.     Adept  at  picking  pockets. 

Piratical.     Pertaining  to  piracy. 

Predaceous.     Living  by  preying  upon  others. 

Predal.     Practising  robbery. 

Predatorial.     Thieving. 

Predatory.     Characterized  by  plundering. 

Raptorial,  etc.     Adapted  for  seizing  prey.     See  Theft. 

Stolen,  etc.     Taken  by  theft.     See  Verbs. 

Thieving,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Thievish.     Inclined  to  thieve. 


Sic  vos  non  vobis  [L.J. 


Theft — Phrase. 
Thus  you  toil,  not  for  yourselves. 


the'-ism.      Belief  in   God.     Godliness-Ungodliness, 

Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 
the'-ist.     A  believer  in  God.     Theology. 
the-is'-tic.     Pertaining  to  theism.     Divinity. 


theme.  Subject;  an  essay.  Conception-Theme, 
Essay. 

The'-mis.  A  goddess  personifying  custom,  justice,  law, 
and  peace.     Right-Wrong. 

then.  At  that  time;  therefore.  Duration-Neverness, 
Ratiocination-Instinct,  Time. 

thence.  From  that  place;  after  that  time;  therefore. 
Arrival-Departure,  Future-Past,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct, Rationale-Luck. 

thence"-forth'.    Thereafter.    Future-Past.  , 

thence"-for'-ward.    From  that  time  on.    Future-Past. 

the'-oc'-ra-cy.  A  government  directly  by  God 
Church,  Divinity. 

the"-o-crat'-ic.  Pertaining  to  theocracy.  Church, 
Divinity. 

the-od'-o-lite.    A  surveying  instrument.    Angularity. 

the-og'-o-ny.    The  generation  of  the  gods.    Theology. 

the-o-lo'-gi-an.    One  versed  in  theology.    Theology. 

the-o-log'-i-cal.  Of  or  pertaining  to  theology.  The- 
ology. 

theologicum,  odium  [L.]  (thi"-ol-oj'-i-cum,  o'-di-uml. 
The  hate  excited  by  theological  views.  Church, 
Decision-Misjudgment,  Godliness-Ungodliness. 

the'-o-logue.     A  theological  student.     Theology. 

the-ol'-o-gy.  The  branch  of  religious  science  which 
treats  of  God.     Theology. 

THEOLOGY. 

Articles.     A  statementof  the  points  of  doctrine  of  the  English  Church 
Caucasian  mystery.     Mystery  of  the  Caucasian  peoples. 
Confession  of  faith.     A  formulary  comprising  the  Articles  of  Faith. 
Creed.     A  definite  summary  of  what  is  believed  in  religious  matters. 

See  Faith. 
Declaration  of  faith.     Open  expression  of  faith. 
Divinity.     The  science  of  divine  things. 
Hagiography.     The  last  of  the  three  Jewish  divisions  of  the  Old 

Testament. 
Hagiology.     The  history  of  the  sacred  writings. 
Monotheism.     The  doctrine  or  belief  of  one  God  only. 
Profession  of  faith.     Public  avowal  of  faith. 
Religion.     A  system  of  faith  and  worship. 
Religious  denomination.     A  collection  of  individuals  of  the  same 

religion. 
Religious  persuasion.     A  creed  or  belief  of  religion. 
Religious  sect.     A  party  united  in  some  settled  tenets  ot  religion. 
Theogony.     That   branch   of  heathen   theology  which   taugnt  the 

origin  of  their  deities. 
Theology.     The  science  of  the  Christian  religion. 
Theosophy.     The  system  of  philosophy  which  professes  to  attain  to 

a  knowledge  of  God  by  direct  intuition. 

Theology — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Canonist.     One  skilled  in  ecclesiastical  law. 
Divine.     One  learned  in  divinity. 
Schoolman.     One  versed  in  school  divinity. 

TheologlTe"'}  0ne  versed  in  theolo«y- 

Theology — Adjectives. 
Denominational.     Pertaining  to  a  denomination.     See  Nouns. 
Religious.     Pertaining  to  religion.     See  Nouns. 
Sectarian.     Attached  to  the  beliefs  of  a  denomination.     See  Ortho. 

doxy-Heterodoxy. 
Theological.     Relating  to  theology.     See  Nouns. 

the'-o-man"-cy.     Divination  by  oracles.     Prophecy. 

the-op'-a-thy.  Religious  emotion.  Godliness-Ungod- 
liness. 

the"-op-neus'-tic.  Divine  inspiration.  Revelation- 
Pseudorevelation. 

the-or'-bo.     A  lute.     Musical  Instruments. 

the'-c-rem.  A  true  proposition,  not  self-evident.  Adage- 
Nonsense,  Conception-Theme,  Hypothesis. 

the"-o-ret'-ic-al.    Based  on  speculation.     Hypothesis 

the'-o-rize.  Speculate.  Hypothesis,  Rationale-Luck. 

the'-c-ry.  A  plan  based  on  true  principles.  Concep- 
tion-Theme, Hypothesis,  Knowledge-Ignorance, 
Rationale-Luck. 


THEOSOPHY. 


1059 


Ttu.VNESS. 


the-os'-O-phy.  Mystical  speculation  applied  to  deduce 
a  philosophy  of  the  universe.     Theology. 

ther-a-peu'-tic.  Pertaining  to  therapeutics.  Remedy- 
Bane. 

ther-a-peu'-tics.  The  treatment  of  disease.  Remedy- 
Bane. 

there.    In  that  place.    Position,  Presence-Absence. 

there'-a-bouts".  Approximately.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness,  Position,  Remoteness-Nearness. 

there-aft'-er.    Afterward.    Antecedence-Sequence. 

there-by'.  In  consequence  of  that.  Instrumentality, 
Manifestation-Latency;  thereby  hangs  a  tale, 
Cause-Effect,  Connection-Independence. 

there'-fore.  For  this  or  that  reason.  Motive-Caprice, 
Ratiocination-Instinct,  Rationale-Luck. 

there-in'.     In  this  or  that.    Outside-Inside. 

there-of'.  O't  this  or  that.  Connection-Independ- 
ence. 

there"-to-fore'.  Before  this  or  that.  Antecedence- 
Sequence. 

there"-up-on' .  Upon  that;  in  consequence  of  that. 
Antecedence-Sequence,  Duration-Neverness. 

there-with'.  With  this  or  that;  at  the  same  time. 
Means,  Solitude-Company. 

the'-ri-ac.     Medicinal.     Remedy-Bane. 

ther'-mal.     Pertaining  to  heat.    Heat-Cold. 

ther'-mic.     Thermal.     Heat-Cold. 

ther-mol'-o-gy.     A  discourse  on  heat.     Heat-Cold. 

ther-mom'-e-ter.  An  instrument  for  measuring  tem- 
perature.    Heat-Cold,  Thermometer. 

THERMOMETER. 

Calorimeter.     Any  apparatus  for  measuring  heat. 
Fahrenheit.     A  thermometer  scale  in  which  the  freezing  point  is  3  2°. 
Pyrometer.     An  instrument  for  measuring  high  heat. 
Thermometer.     An  instrument  for  measuring  temperature. 
Thermoscope.     An  instrument  for  marking  change  in  temperature. 

ther'-mo-scope.  An  instrument  for  detecting  differ- 
ences in  temperatures.     Thermometer. 

ther-mot'-ics.     The  science  of  heat.     Heat-Cold. 

Ther-si'-tes.  The  most  scurrilous  of  the  Greeks  before 
Troy.     Flatterer-Defamer. 

the-saii'-rus .  A  storehouse;  a  lexicon.  Store,  Word- 
Neology. 

the'-sis.  A  theme;  a  proposition  to  be  maintained  by 
argument.  Conception-Theme,  Essay,  Hypothe- 
sis, Rhetoric. 

Thes'-pi-an.  Pertaining  to  Thespis,  the  father  of  Greek 
tragedy.     Acting. 

Thes'-pis.  The  founder  of  the  Greek  drama.  Act- 
ing. 

The'-tis.  A  Nereid;  the  mother  of  Achilles.  Ocean- 
Land. 

the'-ur"-gist.     A  magician.     Devotion-Magician. 

the'-ur"-gy.     Magic.     Devotion-Magic. 

thews.  Muscles.  Thews  and  sinews,  Strength-Weak- 
ness. 

thick.  Compactly  arranged;  dense;  stupid;  intimate. 
Amity-Hostility,  Breadth-Narrowness,  Clean- 
ness-Filthiness,  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness,  Gath- 
ering-Scattering, Multiplicity-Paucity,  Solid- 
ity-Rarity, Viscidity-Foam;  come  thick,  Multi- 
plicity-Paucity; in  the  thick  of,  Action-Passive- 
ness  Environment-Interposition;  lay  it  on  thick, 
Adulation-Disparagement,  Cover-Lining,  Ex- 
cess-Lack; thick  of  the  action,  Activity-Indolence; 
thick  of  the  frav,  Fighting-Conciliation;  through 
thick  and  thin,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Persistence- 
Whim,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

thick'-com"-ing.  Coming  densely  or  fast.  Frequen- 
cy-Rarity, Multiplicity-Paucity,  Recurrence; 
thick-coming  fancies,  Fancy. 


thick'-en.  To  become  thick.  Breadth-Narrowness, 
Organization-Inorganization,  Solidity-Rarity. 

tbick'-en-ing.  The  act  or  process  of  making  thick; 
that  which  thickens.  Solidity-Rarity,  Viscidity- 
Foam. 

thick'-ens.  Becomes  thick.  The  plot  thickens,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence. 

thick'-et.  A  thick  growth  of  trees  or  underbrush. 
Fauna-Flora. 

thick'-ness.  The  quality  of  being  thick.  Breadth- 
Narrowness. 

thick'-ribbed".  Having  thick  ribs.  Strength-Weak- 
ness;  thick-ribbed  ice,  Heat-Cold. 

thick'-set".  Having  a  short,  thick  body;  dense. 
Breadth-Narrowness,  Length-Shortness,  So- 
lidity-Rarity. 

thick'-skinned".  Having  a  thick  skin;  dull.  Feel- 
ing-Insensibility, Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

thick'-skull".  A  blockhead.  Sagacity-Incapacity, 
Sage-Fool. 

thief.  One  who  steals.  Benefactor-Evildoer,  Good 
Man-Bad  Man,  Robber;  like  a  thief  in  the  night, 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Expectation-Surprise, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty;  set  a  thief  to  catch  a  thitf, 
Theft. 

thiev'-er-y.     The  practise  of  thieving.     Theft. 

thieves.  Robbers.  Thieves'  Latin,  Word  -  Neol- 
ogy. 

thim'-ble.  A  protection  for  the  finger  in  sewing;  a 
tubular  piece  of  metal  through  which  a  bolt  passes. 
Attack-Defense,  Contents-Receiver. 

thim'-ble-ful.  As  much  as  a  thimble  will  hold.  Mag- 
nitude-Smallness. 

thim'-ble-rig".     Trickery.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

thim'-ble-rig"-ger.  A  trickster.  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

thin.  Lean;  sparse;  rare;  to  make  sparse.  Addi- 
tion-Subtraction, Breadth-Narrowness,  Excess- 
Lack,  Greatness-Littleness,  Multiplicity-Pau- 
city, Solidity-Rarity;  thin  end  of  the  wedge,  Be- 
ginning-End, Craft-Artlessness. 

thing.  Any  inanimate  substance.  Materiality- 
Spirituality,  Substance-Nullity;  just  the  thing, 
Dueness-Undueness;  the  thing,  Duty-Derelic- 
tion; thing  of  naught,  Substance-Nullity;  thing 
to  dc,  Occupation. 

things.  Inanimate  substances;  events;  clothes. 
Dress-Undress,  Occurrence-Destiny,  Property; 
as  things  go,  Condition-Situation,  Habit-Desue- 
tude, Occurrence-Destiny. 

thing'-um-bob.    A  thing.     Word-Neology. 

thing'-um-my.     A  thing.     Word-Neology. 

think.  To  produce  by  mental  process;  to  believe. 
Faith-Misgiving,  Reflection-Vacancy;  as  one 
thinks  proper,  Volition-Obligation;  reason  to 
think,  Likelihood-Unlikelihood;  think  aloud, 
Conversation-Monologue,  Craft-Artlessness; 
think  better  of,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Per- 
sistence-Whim; think  fit,  Readiness-Reluctance, 
Volition-Obligation;  think  highly,  Approval-Dis- 
approval; think  ill,  Approval-Disapproval;  think 
likely,  Expectation-Surprise,  Likelihood -Un- 
likelihood; think  no  more  of,  Heed-Disregard, 
Pardon-Vindictiveness,  Remembrance  -  Forget- 
fulness;  think  of,  Purpose-Luck;  think  out,  Heed- 
Disregard;  think  twice,  Determination-Vacilla- 
tion, Recklessness -Caution;  think  upon,  Re- 
membrance-Forgetfulness. 

think'-er.     One  who  thinks  deeply.     Sage-Fool. 

think'-ing.  Mental  action.  Reflection-Vacancy; 
thinking  principle,  Mind-Imbecility. 

thin'-ness.  The  quality  of  being  thin.  Breadth- 
Narrowness. 


THIN-SKINNED. 


1060 


THRESHOLD. 


fliin' -skinned".  Having  a  thin  skin;  sensitive.  De- 
sire -  Particularness,  Favorite  -  Quarrelsome- 
ness, Feeling-Insensibility,  Sensitiveness-Apa- 
thy. 

third.  The  ordinal  of  three.  Melody-Dissonance, 
Triplication-Trisection;  third  heaven,  Heaven- 
Hell;  third  part,  Triplication -Trisection;  third 
person,  Security-Insecurity  ;  third  power,  Triality. 

third'-ly.  In  the  third  place.  Triplication-Trisec- 
tion. 

thirst.  Crave.  Desire-Distaste;  thirst  for  knowl- 
edge, Inquisitiveness-In  difference. 

thirst'-i-ness.  State  of  being  thirsty.  Desire-Dis- 
taste. 

thirst'-y.  Eagerly    desirous.  Desire-Distaste; 

thirsty  soul,  Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

thir'-teen".  The  sum  of  ten  and  three.  Five-Quin- 
quesection. 

thir'-teenth'.  The  ordinal  of  thirteen.  Five-Quinque- 
section. 

thir"-ty-nine'.  One  less  than  forty.  Thirty-nine  Ar- 
ticles, Faith-Misgiving,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

thir"-ty-one'.  One  more  than  thirty;  a  game  of 
cards.     Entertainment-Weariness. 

this.  What  is  here  present.  Universality-Particu- 
larity; at  this  time  of  day,  Time;  this,  that,  or  the 
other,  Variation. 

this'-tle.     A  prickly   plant.     Sharpness  -Bluntness. 

this'-tle-down".  The  pappus  of  the  thistle.  Heavi- 
ness-Lightness. 

thith'-er.     To  that  place.     Aim-Aberration. 

thong.  A  strip  of  leather  used  for  fastening;  the  lash 
of  a  whip.     Connective,  Recompense-Scourge. 

Thor.     A  heathen  god.     Jove-Fiend. 

tho'-rax.     Trunk.     Anatomy. 

thorn.  A  sharp-pointed  process  from  a  branch;  a 
vexation.  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Rem- 
edy-Bane, Sharpness-Bluntness;  plant  a  thorn, 
Charitableness-Malevolence,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness;  thorn  in  the  flesh,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness  ;  thorn  in  the  side,  Goodness-Badness, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

thorns.  Sharp-pointed  processes  from  a  branch.  On 
thorns  for,  Desire-Distaste;  sit  on  thorns,  Pleas- 
ure-Pain, Sanguineness-Timidity,  Sensuality- 
Suffering. 

thorn'-y.  Bearing  thorns;  vexatious.  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Sharpness-Bluntness. 

thor'-ough.  Complete.  Completion-Noncompletion, 
Entirety-Deficiency. 

thor'-ough-bass" .  A  bass  part  in  singing  with  short- 
hand marks  to  indicate  the  general  harmony.  Mel- 
ody-Dissonance. 

thor'-ough-bred.  Bred  from  the  purest  stock;  high- 
spirited.  Conveyer,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Soci- 
ety -  LUDICROUSNESS,  SuBJECTIVENESS  -  ObJECTIVE- 
NESS. 

thor'-ough-f  are" .  A  frequented  way;  an  outlet. 
Aperture-Closure,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Way. 

thor'-ough-go"-ing.    Efficient.    Entirety-Deficiency. 

thor'-ough-ly.  In  a  thorough  way.  Do  thoroughly, 
Completion-Noncompletion. 

thor'-ough-paced".     Thoroughgoing.  Magnitude- 

Smallness. 

thorp.  A  village.  City-Country,  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

though.  Notwithstanding;  even  if.  Antagonism- 
Concurrence,  Compensation,  Modification. 

thought.  The  process  of  thinking.  Conception- 
Theme,  Heed-Disregard,  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Reflection-Vacancy;  give  a  thought  to,  Heed-Dis- 
regard; not  to  be  thought  of,  Choice-Rejection, 
Dueness-Undueness,    Leave-Prohibition.    Prof- 


fer-Refusal; organ  of  thought,  Mind-Imbecility". 
quick  as  thought,  Swiftness-Slowness;  seat  of 
thought,  Mind-Imbecility;  subject  of  thought,  Con- 
ception-Theme; thought  of,  Conception-Theme; 
want  of  thought,  Heed-Disregard;  who  could  have 
thought  it,  Expectation-Surprise. 

thought'-ful.  Meditative;  circumspect.  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness, Reflection- Vacancy,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity. 

thought'-ful-ness.  State  or  quality  of  being  full  of 
thought.     Reflection-Vacancy. 

thought'-less.  Heedless.  Carefulness -Careless- 
ness, Heed-Disregard,  Preparation-Nonpref  ju- 
ration, Reflection-Vacancy. 

thought'-less-ness.  State  or  quality  of  lacking  thought. 
Recklessness-Caution,  Re  flection- Vacancy. 

thoughts.  Cogitations.  Thoughts  elsewhere,  Heed- 
Disregard;  thoughts  that  breathe,  Force-Wea.c- 
ness,  Reflection-Vacancy. 

thou'-sand.  Ten  hundred;  a  large  number.  Five- 
Quinquesection,  Multiplicity-Paucity;  one  in  a 
thousand,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Goodness-Badness. 

thou'-sandth.  An  ordinal  numeral.  Five-Quinque- 
section. 

thral'-dom.     Servitude.     Liberty-Subjection. 

thrall.     A  slave.     Liberty-Subjection. 

thrash.     To  beat.     Recompense-Punition. 

Thra'-so.  The  name  of  a  braggart  soldier  in  Terence's 
Eunuch.     Brawler. 

thra-son'-ic.  Boastful.  Bragging,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness. 

thread.  A  slender  cord;  to  arrange  on  a  thread;  to 
pick  one's  way.  Continuity- Interruption, 
Lamina  -  Fiber,  Organization  -  Disorganization, 
Strength -Weakness,  Transmission;  hang  by  a 
thread,  Security-Insecurity;  life  hangs  by  a  thread, 
Life-Death  ;  not  have  a  dry  thread,  Dampness-Dry- 
ness;  thread  one's  way,  Transmission,  Traveling- 
Navigation;  worn  to  a  thread,  Betterment-Dete- 
rioration. 

thread'-bare".  Worn  so  that  the  threads  show;  clad 
in  old  garments.  Betterment -Deterioration, 
Dress-Undress. 

thread'-like.  Resembling  thread.  Breadth-Narrow- 
ness, Lamina-Fiber. 

thread'-pa"-per.  A  thin  paper  for  rolling  up  thread. 
Breadth-Narrowness. 

threat.  Menace.  Charitableness-Menace,  Defi- 
ance. 

threat'-en.  Utter  menaces;  to  be  ominous.  Chari- 
tableness-Curse, Charitableness -Menace,  De- 
fiance, Future -Past,  Occurrence -Destiny, 
Sanguineness  -  Hopelessness,  Security  -  Insecu- 
rity. 

threat'-en-ing.  Menacing.  Charitableness-Menace, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

three.  One  more  than  two.  Triplication-Trisec- 
tion; go  through  three  hundred  and  sixty  degrees, 
Circuition;  sisters  three,  Volition-Obligation; 
three  sheets  in  the  wind,  Teetotalism-Intemper- 
ance, Triality;  three  times  three,  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Five-Quinquesection. 

three'-fold".     Triple.    Triplication-Trisection. 

three'-score".  Sixty.  Five-Quinquesection;  three- 
score years  and  ten,  Infancy-Age. 

three'-tailed".  Having  three  tails.  Three -tailed 
bashaw,CHiEF-UNDERLiNG,  Gentility-Commonalty. 

threne.     A  dirge.     Jubilation-Lamentation. 

thren'-o-dy.     A  dirge.     Jubilation-Lamentation. 

thresh.  To  beat.  Investigation-Answer,  Recom- 
pense-Punition. 

thresh'-old.  The  entrance  of  a  building;  a  starting- 
point.     Beginning-End,  Border;  at  the  threshold, 


THRESHOLD. 


1061 


THURIFICATION. 


Remoteness-Nearness  ;  threshold  of  an  inquiry,  In- 
vestigation-Answer. 

thrice.  Three  times.  Triplication  -Trisection; 
thrice  happy,  Pleasure-Pain  ;  thrice-told  tale,  Terse- 
ness-Prolixity. 

thrid.     To  pass  through.     Transmission. 

thrift.  Care  and  prudence  in  managing  one's  resources; 
vigorous  growth.  Gain-Loss,  Generosity-Fru- 
gality, Welfare-Misfortune. 

thrift'-less.  Extravagant;  not  thriving.  Extrava- 
gance-Avarice. 

thrill.  To  cause  to  tremble ;  extreme  emotion.  Emo- 
tion, Excitation,  Sensuality-Suffering,  Ting- 
ling-numbness. 

thrill'-ing.  Exciting.  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

thrive.  To  prosper.  Gathering-Scattering,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune. 

thri'-ving.     Prospering.     Welfare-Misfortune. 

throat.  The  pharynx;  any  orifice.  Aperture-Clo- 
sure, Watercourse-Airpipe;  cut  the  throat,  Life- 
Killing;  force  down  the  throat,  Harshness-Mild- 
ness; stick  in  one's  throat,  Talkativeness -Taci- 
turnity, Vocalization -Muteness;  take  by  the 
throat,  Taking-Restitution. 

throb.  To  pulsate.  Agitation,  Emotion,  Sensual- 
ity-Suffering. 

throb'-bing.  Pulsating.  Throbbing  heart,  Sanguine- 
n^ss-Timidity;  throbbing  pain,  Sensuality-Suf- 
fering. 

throe.  A  violent  pang;  agony.  Agitation,  Revolu- 
tion, Sensuality-Suffering,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness; birth-throe,  Creation-Destruction. 

throne.  A  monarch's  chair  of  state.  Dweller-Habi- 
tation, Scepter,  Suspension-Support;  ascend  the 
throne,  Rule-License;  occupy  the  throne,  Rule- 
License;  throne  of  God,  Heaven-Hell. 

throng.     A  multitude.     Gathering-Scattering. 

throt'-tle.  To  obstruct;  to  choke.  Aperture-Clo- 
sure, Life -Killing,  Might- Impotence,  Taking- 
Restitution. 

through.  All  the  way;  going  from  one  end  or  side  to 
or  beyond  the  other;  by  means  of;  complete.  Agen- 
cy, Aim-Aberration,  Cause-Effect,  Instrumen- 
tality, Means;  get  through,  Agent,  Completion- 
Noncompletion;  go  through  one,  Excitation; 
through  thick  and  thin,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Per- 
sistence-Whim, Toil-Relaxation,  Turbulence- 
Calmness;  wet  through,  Dampness-Dryness. 

through-out'.  In  every  part.  Duration-Neverness, 
Entirety-Deficiency,  Whole-Part;  throughout 
the  world,  Extension-District. 

throw.  To  hurl.  Impetus-Reaction,  Push-Pull, 
Swiftness-Slowness,  Toil-Relaxation;  throw  a 
tub  to  catch  a  whale,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  throw 
a  veil  over,  Enlightenment-Secrecy;  throw  away, 
Choice- Rejection,  Keeping- Relinquishment, 
Provision-Waste  ;  throw  away  the  scabbard,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation, Persistence-Whim;  throw  cold 
water  on,  Motive-Dbhortation;  throw  doubt  upon, 
Faith-Mtsgiving;  throw  down,  Creation-Destruc- 
tic  n,  Elevation-Depression;  throw  good  money 
after  bad,  Extravagance-Avarice;  throw  in,  En- 
vironment-Interposition; throw  into  the  shade, 
Consequence  -  Insignificance,  Enlightenmfn-t- 
Secrecy,  Increase-Decrease,  Supremacy-Sub- 
ordinacy,  Transcursion-Shortcoming;  throw  off, 
Admission -Expulsion;  throw  off  all  disguise, 
Exposure-Kidingplace;  throw  off  one's  guard, 
Craft-Artlessness;  throw  off  the  mask,  Expo- 
sure-Hidingplace;  throw  off  the  scent,  Education- 
Misteaching,  Quest-Evasion;  throw  of  the  dice, 
Rationale  -  Luck;  throw  oneself  at  the  feet  of, 
Petition-Expostulation,  Yielding;     throw  one- 


self into  the  arms  of,  Amity-Hostility,  Refuge- 
Pitfall,  Security -Insecurity;  throw  on  paper, 
Writing-Printing;  throw  open,  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Aperture-Closure;  throw  out,  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Push-Pull;  throw  out  a  feeler.  Touch, 
Trial;  throw  out  a  hint,  Enlightenment-Secrecy; 
throw  out  a  suggestion,  Hypothesis;  throw  out  of 
gear,  Organization-Disorganization,  Union-Dis- 
union; throw  over,  Creation-Destruction;  throw 
overboard,  Admission-Expulsion,  Choice-Rejec- 
tion, Commission- Abrogation,  Creation -De 
struction,  Inclusion-Omission;  throw  up,  Admis- 
sion-Expulsion, Commission-Retirement;  throw 
up  one's  cap,  Bragging;  throw  up  the  game,  Quest- 
Abandonment. 

thrown.  Hurled.  Thrown  out,  Difficulty-F/cil- 
ity. 

thrum.  To  play  on  an  instrument  without  expression. 
Musician. 

thrush.    A  song-bird.    Musician. 

thrust.  To  shove  with  force ;  a  sharp  onset;  a  breaking 
of  the  supports  in  a  mine.  Attack-Defense,  Ge- 
ology, Impetus-Reaction;  thrust  down  one's  throat, 
Coercion;  thrust  in,  Injection-Ejection;  thrust 
one's  nose  in,  Activity-Indolence;  thrust  upon, 
Giving-Receiving. 

thud.  A  dull,  heavy  sound.  Crash-Drumming,  Res- 
onance-Nonresonance. 

thug.  Cutthroat.  Life-Killing,  Robber,  Tyranny- 
Anarchy. 

thug'-gism.  Secret  murder  by  thugs.  Life-Killing, 
Tyranny-Anarchy. 

thumb.  The  short,  thick  digit  on  the  human  hand. 
Anatomy,  Touch;  bite  the  thumb,  Regard-Disre- 
spect; one's  fingers  all  thumbs,  Skill-Unskilful-- 
ness  ;  rule  of  thumb,  Ratiocination-Instinct, Trial, 
Venture;  thumb  over,  Education-Misteaching; 
thumbscrew,  Recompense-Scourge;  under  one's 
thumb,  Liberty-Subjection. 

thump.  To  pound;  a  dull  sound.  Impetus-Reaction, 
Recompense  -  Punition,        Resonance  -  Nonreso- 

NANCE. 

thump'-er.  One  who  or  that  which  thumps.  Great- 
ness-Littleness. 

thump'-ing.  Huge.  Greatness  -  Littleness,  Mag- 
nitude-Smallness. 

thun'-der.  The  sound  that  accompanies  lightning;  a 
startling  threat.  Charitableness-Menace,  Loud- 
ness-Faintness,  Phenomenon,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness; look  black  as  thunder,  Contentedness-Dis- 
contentment,  Favorite-Anger;  thunder  against, 
Approval  -  Disapproval,  Charitableness  -  Curse  ; 
thunder  at  the  top  of  one's  voice,  Cry-Ululation; 
thunder  forth,  Publicity;  thunder  of  applause,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval; thunders  of  the  Vatican,  Chari- 
tableness-Curse. 

thun"-der-a'-tion.  An  exclamation  of  surprise  or  em- 
phasis.   Approval-Disapproval. 

thun'-der-bolt".     An  electric  discharge.  Exculpa- 

tion-Punition,  Phenomenon,  Weapon. 

thun'-der-clap".  The  sound  of  thunder.  Expec- 
tation-Surprise, Loudness-Faintness,  Phenome. 

NON. 

thun'-der-ing.  Unusually  great.  Greatness-Little- 
ness. 

thun'-der-storm".  A  storm  accompanied  by  thunder. 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

thun'-der-struck".  Amazed.  Astonishment-Expect- 
ance. 

thu'-ri-fer.     A  censer-bearer.     Vestments. 

thu-rif '-er-ous .     Bearing   incense.     Perfume-Stench. 

thu"-ri-fi-ca'-tion.  The  act  of  burning  incense.  Cere- 
monial, Perfume-Stench. 


THUS. 


1062 


TIDINGS— MYSTERY. 


thus.  In  this  way.  Condition-Situation,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct; thus  fax,  Boundary,  Magnitude- 
Smallness. 

thwack.  To  strike  with  something  flat.  Impetus-Re- 
action, Recompense-Punition. 

thwart.  Transverse;  to  foil.  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence, Crossing,  Obstruction-Help. 

ti-a'-ra.     The  pope's  crown.     Scepter,  Vestments. 

tib'-i-a.     Bone  in  the  leg.     Anatomy. 

tib'-i-al.     Pertaining  to  the  tibia.     Anatomy. 

Tib's  eve.     Never.     Duration-Neverness. 

tick.  A  tapping  noise;  credit;  to  check.  Crash- 
Drumming,  Credit-Debt,  Sign,  Vibration;  go  on 
tick,  Credit-Debt;  tick  off,  Mark-Obliteration. 

tick'-et.  Label.  Sign;  ticket  of  leave,  Leave-Pro- 
hibition; ticket-of-leave  man,  Good  Man-Bad  Man, 
Guard-Prisoner. 

tick'-le.  Tingle;  amuse.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Pleas  urablen  ess-Pain  fulness,  Tingling- 
Numbness;  tickle  the  fancy,  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  tickle 
the  palate,  .  Palatableness  -  Unpalatableness, 
Savor-Tastelessness;  tickle  the  palm,  Giving-Re- 
ceiving,  Settlement-Default. 


tick'-lish.  Difficult;  delicate;  unsteady.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Difficulty-Facility,  Security-Insecu- 
rity. 

ti-dal.    Pertaining  to  the  tides.     Astronomy. 

tid'-bit".  A  bit  or  morsel.  Goodness-Badness, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

tide.  Rise  and  fall  of  the  waters  of  the  ocean.  As- 
tronomy. 

tide.  The  periodic  rise  and  fall  of  waters.  Enough, 
Ocean-Land,  River-Wind,  Welfare-Misfortune; 
against  the  tide,  Antagonism-Concurrence;  driif 
with  the  tide,  Difficulty-Facility;  go  with  the  tid**, 
Conventionality-Unconventionality;  high  title, 
Height-Lowness,  River-Wind;  stem  the  tide,  An- 
tagonism-Concurrence; swim  with  the  tide,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune; tide  of  events,  Occurrence- 
Destiny;  tide  of  time,  Period-Progress;  tide 
over,  Action-Passiveness,  Duration-Neverness, 
Earliness-Lateness,  Security-Insecurity,  Suc- 
cess-Failure; turn  of  the  tide,  Inversion,  Top- 
Bottom. 

ti'-di-ness.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  tidy.  Care- 
fulness-Carelessness. 

ti'-dings.     News.     Tidings-Mystery. 


TIDINGS— MYSTERY. 


Advice.     A  speaking  to,  as  to  conduct;  counsel. 

Aviso  [Sp.J.     Information. 

Bruit  [P.].      Report;  rumor. 

Budget  of  information.)  News   gathered    or    communicated   at    one 

Budget  of  news.  /      time. 

Bulletin.     An  announcement  of  news. 

Communication.      News  sent  from  one  person  or  place  to  another. 

Despatch.     News  sent  by  telegraph  or  messenger. 

Embassy.     A  mission. 

Errand.     A  message. 

Fame.     Public  report. 

Fresh  news.     The  latest  happenings. 

Glad  tidings.     Good  news. 

Hearsay.     Common  talk. 

Information.     Acquired  or  derived  knowledge. 

Intelligence.     Communicated  information. 

Message.     News  received  by  despatch  or  messenger. 

News.     Account  of  anything  that  has  occurred. 

cha    t       '  \  News  commonly  or  generally  known. 

Ondit  [P.].     They  say;  rumor. 

Oui  dire  [P.],      Hearsay. 

Piece  of  information,  t  n .    .  .    ,  .  

_.  ,  c  Part  of  an  account  of  a  recent  occurrence. 

Piece  of  news. 

Report.     That  which  is  generally  noised  about. 

Rumor.     An  unverified  report  passing  from  mouth  to  mouth. 

Scandal.     An  utterance  injurious  to  the  reputation  of  others. 

-    .  I  Information  generally  known. 

Stirring  news.     Information  which  excites  or  stirs  up  people. 

Table-talk.     Rumor  passed  about  during  meals. 

Talk.     Report;  rumor. 

Telegram.     News  sent  by  despatch. 

Tidings.     Previously  unknown  or  uncertain  information. 

Tittle-tattle.     Idle,  trifling  talk. 

Topic  of  the  day.     The  latest  news. 

Town-talk.     Subject  of  conversation  of  the  town  generally. 

Word.     Communication. 

Tidings — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Gossip.     An  idle  tattler. 

Narrator,  etc.     One  who  tells  or  relates.     See  Account. 

Newsmonger.     One  who  employs  much  time  in  hearing  and  telling 

news. 
Scandal-monger.     One    who    spreads    defamatory    reports    about 

people. 
Talebearer.     One  who  tells  tales  that  may  create  mischief. 
Tattler.     An  idle  talker. 
Telltale.     An  informer  of  another's  private  concerns. 

Tidings — Figurative  Nouns. 
Buzz.     Indistinct  rumor;  gossip. 
\\warj  [P.].     A  fabricated  sensational  report. 


Anagram.     A  new  word  formed  from  the  letters  of  another  word. 

Arcanum.     Secret;  mystery. 

Asian  mystery.     A  mystery  of  an  Asiatic  character. 

Charade.  A  scene  which  represents  a  syllable  of  a  word  and  ends 
by  representing  the  word  itself. 

Conundrum.     A  riddle  founded  on  some  odd  resemblance. 

Crux  criticorum  [L.].     The  puzzle  of  critics. 

Dead  secret.     A  perfect  secret. 

Enigma.     Dark  saying;  anything  obscure. 

Latency,  etc.  State  of  being  concealed.  See  Manifestation- 
Latency. 

Logogriph.  A  word-puzzle  in  which  the  original  word  is  discovered 
from  various  combinations  of  letters  found  in  it. 

Monogram,  Private  mark  of  an  artist;  intertexture  of  two  or  more 
letters. 

Mystery.  Something  kept  secret  for  a  time,  to  be  afterwards  re- 
vealed. 

Paradox,  etc.  A  statement  seemingly  absurd  in  its  terms.  See 
Difficulty. 

Problem.  Any  perplexing  question  demanding  settlement.  See 
Investigation. 

Profound  secret.     A  deep  secret. 

Puzzle.     Something  that  tries  the  ingenuity. 

Rebus.  A  riddle  in  which  words  are  represented  by  pictures  whose 
names  resemble  them. 

Riddle.     Anything  ambiguous;  a  puzzling  question. 

Secret.     Something  undiscovered  or  unknown. 

Secrets  of  the  prison-house.     Happenings  in  a  prison.    [Hamlet,  I.iv.J 

Unintelligibility,  etc.     Quality  of  not  being  understood. 

Mystery — Denotations. 

Hyrcanian  wood.  An  impenetrable  wood  in  the  region  of  the  Cas- 
pian Sea. 

Labyrinth.     A  place  full  of  windings. 

Le  dessous  des  cartes  [L.].     The  underside  of  the  cards. 

Maze.     A  place  from  which  it  is  difficult  to  get  out. 

Nut  to  crack.     Something  obscure  to  be  explained. 

Sealed  book.     A  mystery. 

Sphinx.     An  enigmatical  person. 

Terra  incognita  [L.l  Unknown  ground.  See  Knowledge-Igno- 
rancb. 

Mystery — Adjectives. 
Secret,  etc.     Secluded;    hidden;  occult.      See  Manifestation-La- 
tency. 


TIDINGS — Figurative  Nouns— Continued. 

Cry.     Public  reports  or  complaints;  fame. 

Eavesdropping.     Catching  the  private  conversation  of  others. 

Flying  rumor.     Sensational  report,  passing  from  mouth  to  mouth. 

Idea  afloat.     News. 

News-stirring.     Rumor  or  report. 


TIDINGS. 


1063 


TIME. 


Rumor,  etc.     To  circulate  by  report.     See  Publicity. 


TIDINGS— Continued. 
Tidings — Verbs. 

Transpire,  etc.     To  become  public.     See  Exposure 
Tidings — Adjectives. 


Afloat.     In  motion  or  circulation:  used  of  rumor,  etc. 

All  over  the  town.     Pertaining  to  rapidly  spreading  news. 

Current.     Circulating;  general. 

Currently  reported.     An  account  or  statement,  circulating  in  general. 

Currently  rumored.     An  unverified  report,  spreading  widely. 

Floating.     Temporary  or  fluctuating  news. 

Going  about.     Circulating  in  general. 


In  circulation.     Going  around. 

In  every  one's  mouth.     Widespread. 

Many-tongued.     Ready  with  the  tongue  to  circulate  anything. 

Publicly  reported.     Something  noised  about  openly. 

Publicly  rumored.     Rumor  spreading  in  an  open  manner. 

Rife.     Prevalent;  current. 

Rumored.     Generally  spoken  of. 


Tidings — Adverbs,  etc. 


As  the  story  goes,  1 

As  the  story  runs.  I  Expressions  used  in  the  sense  of  "According  to 

As  they  say.  f      report  or  rumor." 

It  is  said .  J 

ti'-dy*.  Neat;  a  cover  for  the  back  of  a  chair.  Clean- 
ness-fllthiness,  embellishment-disfigurement, 
Goodness-Badness,  Order-Disorder. 

tie.  Bind;  reaching  the  same  total;  low  shoes;  a  bow 
or  the  like  worn  at  the  neck.  Connection-Inde- 
pendence, Connective,  Dress-Undress,  Duty- 
Dereliction,  Equality-Inequality,  Security, 
Union-Disunion;  nuptial  tie,  Matrimony-Celibacy; 
ride  and  tie,  Traveling- Navigation;  ride  down,  Co- 
ercion, Obstruction-Help,  Release-Restraint; 
tie  oneself,  Engagement- Release;  ties  of  blood, 
Relationship;  tie  the  hands,  Might-Impotence,  Re- 
lease-Restraint; tie  up,  Release-Restraint, 
Terms. 

tie'-beam".  A  timber  that  serves  as  a  tie.  Connec- 
tive, Suspension-Support. 

tied.     Fastened;  bound.     Tied  up,  Credit-Debt. 

tier.  A  row.  Continuity-Interruption,  Lamina- 
Fiber. 

tierce.  A  third  standard  thrust  in  fencing.  Carte  and 
tierce,  Attack-Defense. 

tiff.  A  slight  altercation;  be  peevish.  Favorite- 
Anger,  Variance-Accord. 

tif'-fing.    A  light  meal.    Nutriment-Excretion. 

ti'-ger.  A  wild  animal;  a  roistering  knave.  Bene- 
factor-Evildoer, Bravery-Cowardice,  Charita- 
bleness-Malevolence, Chief-Underling,  Good 
Man-Bad  Man,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

tight.  Closely  and  firmly  together;  stretched;  intoxi- 
cated. Aperture-Closure,  Beauty-Ugliness,  Tee- 
totalism-Intemperance,  Union-Disunion;  keep  a 
tight  hand  on,  Release-Restraint;  on  one's  tight 
ropes,  Selfrespect  -  Humbleness;  tight  grasp, 
Harshness-Mildness;  tight  hand,  Harshness- 
Mildness. 

tight'-en.  To  make  tight.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion, Union-Disunion. 

tight'-fisf'-ed.  Parsimonious.  Extravagance-Ava- 
rice. 

tight'-ness.  State  or  quality  of  being  tight.  Union- 
Disunion. 

tights.    A  skin-fitting  garment.     Dress-Undress. 

ti'-gress.     A  female  tiger.     Male-Female. 

tike.     A  boor.     Gentility-Commonalty. 

til'-bur-y.    A  conveyance.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

til'-de.  A  sign  used  in  writing  the  Spanish  language. 
Mark-Obliteration,  Sign. 

tile.  A  piece  of  baked  clay;  a  high  hat.  Cover- 
Lining,     Dress-Undress;    tile    loose,     Saneness- 

LuNACY. 

ti'-ling.    A  tile-covered  surface.    Cover-Lining. 

till.  To  cultivate;  a  money-drawer;  until.  Consents- 
Receiver,  Domestication-Agriculture,  Dura- 
tion-Neverness,  Treasury;  till  doomsday,  Eter- 
nity-Instantajteity;  till  now,  Future-Past;  till  the 


soil,  Domestication-Agriculture,  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation. 

till'-age.  Land  cultivation.  Domestication-Agri- 
culture. 

till'-er.  A  means  of  guidance;  a  money-box.  Instru- 
ment, Treasury;  tiller  of  the  soil,  DoMt:  ""cation- 
Agriculture,  Gentility-Commonalty. 

till'-ing.      Present    participle    of   till.      Preparation- 

NONPREPARATION. 

tilt.  To  tip;  to  contend  with  the  lance;  a  canvas  cover. 
Ascent-Descent,  Cover-Lining,  Parallelism-In- 
clination, Push-Pull,  Strife-Peace;  full  tilt,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Aim-Aberration,  Hurry-Leis- 
ure; ride  full  tilt  at,  Attack-Defense,  Quest-Eva- 
sion; run  a  tilt  at,  Attack-Defense;  tilt  over,  Re- 
versal; tilt  up,  Elevation-Depression;  tilt  with, 
Strife-Peace. 

tilt'-ed.     Inclined.     Parallelism-Inclination. 

tilt'-ing.  A  medieval  sport.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 

tilt'-yard".     A  place  for  tilting.     Lists. 

tim'-ber.  Wood  for  building  purposes;  trees.  Fauna- 
Flora,  Materials. 

tim'-bre.    The  quality  of  a  tone.    Melody-Dissonance. 

tim'-brel.  A  musical  instrument.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

time.  Duration.  Duration-Neverness,  Eternity- 
Instantaneity,  Hurry -Leisure,  Occurrence- 
Destiny;  against  time,  Hurry-Leisure;  at  times, 
Frequency-Rarity;  course  of  time,  Period-Prog- 
ress; employ  one's  time  in,  Occupation;  glass  of 
time,  Duration-Neverness;  in  time,  Earliness- 
Lateness,  Occurrence -Destiny,  Period-Prog- 
ress; measure  time,  Chronology -Anachronism; 
no  time,  Earliness-Lateness,  Eternity-Instan- 
taneity;  no  time  to  lose,  Hurry-Leisure,  Need;  no 
time  to  spare,  Hurry-Leisure;  ravages  of  time, 
Betterment  -  Deterioration,  Duration  -  Ne  ver- 
ness;  slow  time,  Swiftness-Slowness;  take  time, 
Action-Passiveness,  Activity-Indolence,  Swift- 
ness-Slowness ;  there  being  times  when,  Frequency- 
Rarity;  time  after  time,  Recurrence;  time  being, 
Time;  time  drawing  on,  Future-Past;  time  enough, 
Earliness-Lateness;  time  gone  by,  Opportune- 
ness-Unsuitableness;  time  hanging  on  one's  hands, 
Action-Passiveness,  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Hurry-Leisure;  time  has  been,  Future-Past;  time 
immemorial, Future-Past;  time  of  day,  Eternity- 
Instantaneity;  time  of  life,  Duration-Neverness, 
Infancy-Age,  Time;  time  out  of  mind,  Future- 
Past;  time  to  come,  Future-Past;  time  to  spare, 
Hurry-Leisure;  time  up,  Lastingness-Transient- 
ness,  Opportuneness-Unsultableness;  time  was, 
Future-Past;  true  time,  Eternity-Instantaneity; 
waste  time,  Activity-Indolence. 


TIME. 


1064 


TINGLING— NUMBNESS. 


TIME. 

Age.     A  particular  period  as  distinguished  from  others. 

Aorist.     Indefinite  past  time. 

Crisis.     A  time  of  great  danger  or  uncertainty. 

Day.     The  time  of  sunlight. 

Different  time .     Time  of  a  period  as  distinguished  from  another. 

Epoch.     An  interval  of  time  regarded  as  a  whole. 

Existing  time.     The  present  time;  now. 

Hour.     A  portion  of  a  day. 

Nineteenth  century.     The  nineteenth  hundred  of   years  after  the 

birth  of  Christ,  1801-1000. 
Nonce.     The  present. 

Other  time.     A  period  of  time  as  distinguished  from  another. 
The  present  day.  1 

The  present  junction. 

The  present  moment.  \  Time  now  existing. 
The  present  occasion. 
The  present  time. 
The  times.     Lapse    of   time    considered    with    reference    to   events 

taking  place. 
Time  being.     The  present. 
Time  of  life.     The  length  of  time  that  one  lives. 

Time — Adjectives. 

Actual.  Existing  at  the  present  time. 

Aoristic.  Expressing  completed  action  without  any  limitation. 

Current.  Belonging  to  the  present  time  or  passing  period. 

Existing.     Being  or  continuing  to  be. 

Instant.  Now  passing;  current. 

Present.  Occurring  in  the  present  period;  current. 

That  is.  Now. 

Time — Adverbs. 

Already.     Previously  to  some  mentioned  time. 

Now.     Presently. 

Then.     At  some  past  time. 

To-day.     In  the  present. 

Upon.     At  a  time. 

When.     At  what  time. 

Whenever.     1    .  ^     ._. 

Whensoever.)  At  whatever  time. 

Time — Adverbial  Phrases. 

At  a  different  time;  at  another  time;  at  any  time;  at  present;  at 
some  other  time;  at  that  instant;  at  that  moment;  at  that  time; 
at  the  present  time;  at  this  moment;  at  this  time;  at  this  time  of 
day;  at  various  times;  at  which  instant;  at  which  moment;  at 
which  time;  but  now;  even  now;  for  the  nonce;  for  the  time; 
for  the  time  being ;  just  now;  now-a-days;  once  upon  a  time;  one 
fine  morning;  one  of  these  days;  on  that  occasion;  on  the  nail; 
on  the  present  occasion;  on  the  spot;  on  the  spur  of  the  moment; 
on  the  spur  of  the  occasion ;  on  which  occasion ;  pro  hac  vice  [L  ], 
for  this  occasion ;  some  fine  morning;  some  of  these  days;  some- 
time or  other;  sooner  or  later;  to  the  present  day;  to  this  day; 
until  now;  upon  which. 

time'-ful.    Opportune.    Opportuneness-Unsuitable- 

NESS. 

time'-hon"-ored.  Venerable  as  of  long  existence. 
Novelty-Antiquity,  Regard-Disrespect,  Repu- 
tation-Discredit. 

time'-keep"-er.  One  who  or  that  which  keeps  time. 
Chronology- Anachronism. 

time'-less.     Untimely.     Opportuneness-Unsuitable- 

NESS. 


time'-ly.     In  proper  time.     Earliness-Lateness,  Op- 
portuneness-Unsuitableness. 
timeo  Danaos    [L.]     (tim'-i-o   dan'-g-os).      I   fear  the 
Greeks.    Faith-Misgiving,  Recklessness-Caution. 
time'-piece".     A  clock  or  watch.     Chronology-An- 
achronism. 
time'-pleas"-er.     A  time-server.     Persistence-Whim. 
times.     Portions  of  duration.     Occurrence-Destiny, 
Time;    hard    times,    Welfare-Misfortune;    many 
times,  Frequency-Rarity. 

time'-serv"-er.  One  who  adapts  his  opinions  and 
manners  to  the  times.  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness. 

time'-serv"-ing.  Yielding  to  the  apparent  demands  of 
the  times,  without  reference  to  principle.  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Persistence-Whim,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness,  Unselfishness-Selfishness,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

time'-worn".  Impaired  by  time.  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Infancy-Age,  Novelty-Antiquity. 

tim'-id.  Shy.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Conceit-Diffi- 
dence, Sanguineness-Timidity. 

ti-mid'-i-ty.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  timid.  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Conceit-Diffidence,  Persistence- 
Apostasy,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

ti'-mist.  One  who  beats  time  for  others.  Persistence- 
Whim. 

ti-moc'-ra-cy.  A  kind  of  government  in  which  honors 
are  distributed  according  to  a  rating  of  property. 
Affluence-Penury. 

Ti'-mon.  An  Athenian  called  "the  Misanthrope." 
Timon  of  Athens,  Affluence-Penury,  Humani- 
tarianism-Misanthropy,  Sociability-Privacy. 

tim'-or-ous.  Lacking  courage.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Conceit-Diffidence,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

tim'-o-thy.  A  fodder-grass.  Domestication-Agri- 
culture. 

tin.  To  incase  in  tins;  money;  metal.  Chemistry, 
Conservation,  Money., 

tinct.    To  tinge.    Color-Achromatism. 

tinc-to'-ri-al.  Pertaining  to  color.  Color-Achroma- 
tism. 

tinc'-ture.  To  impart  a  slight  tint  to.  Color-Achro- 
matism, Magnitude-Smallness,  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity. 

tinc'-tured.  To  affect  slightly  with  some  sentiment  or 
influence.     Affections. 

tin'-der.  Something  very  inflammable  for  kindling  fire 
from  a  spark;  easily  angered.  Combustible,  Favor- 
ite-Quarrelsomeness. 

tinge.  To  imbue  with  a  faint  trace  of  color.  Color- 
Achromatism,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Mixture- 
Homogeneity. 

tin'-gent.    Capable  of  tingeing.    Color-Achromatism. 

tin'-gle.  To  produce  a  prickly,  stinging  sensation. 
Emotion,  Sensuality-Suffering,  Tingling-Numb- 
ness;  make  the  ears  tingle,  Favorite-Angfr. 

tin'-gling.  Producing  a  prickly,  stinging  sensation. 
Tingling-Numbness. 


TINGLING— NUMBNESS. 


Aura.     A  sensation  as  of  vapor  or  cold  air  rising  from  the  body 

toward  the  head. 
Formication.     An  itching  sensation  like  the  creeping  of  ants. 
Itching,  etc.     A  tickling,  irritating  sensation. 
Tingling.     A  prickly,  stinging  sensation;  the  act  of  tingling. 
Titillation.     The  act  of  titillating. 

Tingling — Verbs. 
Creep.     To  have  the  sensation  as  of  something  creeping  on  the  skin. 
Itch.     To  have  a  peculiar  irritation  or  titillation  of  the  skin. 
Prick.     To  cause  to  be  or  have  the  sensation  of  being  stung  or 

pierced  with  a  sharp  point  or  points. 
Prickle.     To  prick  slightly. 


Numbness,  etc.     The  state  of  being  numb.     Sec  Feeling-Insensi- 
bility. 
Pins  and  needles.     A  kind  of  numbness,  though  accompanied  by 
minute  prickling  sensations,  as  in  the  hand  or  foot. 
Numbness — Verbs. 
Benumb,  etc.     To  cause  to  be  numb      Bee  PasUNG-lNMUfarBItm 
Numbness — Adjectives. 

Benumbed,  etc.     Without  feeling.     See  Verbs 

Impalpable.     Imperceptible  to  the   touch;  specifically,   ground   so 

fine  that  no  grit  can  be  felt. 
Intangible.     Incapable  of  being  perceived  by  the  sense  of  touch 
Numb.     Lacking  the  power  of  sensation. 


TINGLING. 


1065 


TITLE. 


TINGLING— Verbs — Continued. 


Sting.     To  feel  or  cause  to  feel  a  smarting,  painful  sensation,  as  from 

a  sting. 
Thrill.     To  feel  or  cause  to  feel  a  quivering  tingling  sensation. 


Tickle.     Toexcite  thenerves,butnotpainfuily;havesucha  sensation 
Tingle.      To  have  or  produce  a  prickly,  stinging  sensation. 
Titillate.     To  excite  a  tickling  or  pleasant  sensation  in. 


Itching,  etc.     Tingling.     See  Verbs. 


Tingling — Adjectives. 


tink.    A  single  tinkle.     Resonance-Nonreson'ance. 

tink'-er.  A  mender.  Health-Sickness,  Renovation- 
Relapse. 

tink'-er-ing.  Present  participle  of  tinker.  Renova- 
tion-Relapse. 

tin'-kle.  To  give  a  faint,  metallic  sound.  Loudness- 
Faintness,  Resonance-Nonresonance. 

tin'-kling.  Giving  faint,  metallic  sounds.  Tinkling 
cymbal,  Meaning-Jargon. 

tin'-ni-ent.  Emitting  a  clear,  tinkling  sound.  Reso- 
nance-Nonresonance. 

tin'-sel.  Thin,  glittering  bits  of  metal  for  ornamenta- 
tion. Embellishment- Disfigurement,  Light- 
Darkness,  Taste- Vulgarity,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

tint.     Hue.     Color-Achromatism. 

tin"-ta-mar'.  A  loud  and  hideous  noise.  Loudness- 
Faintness. 

tin"-tin-nab'-u-la-ry.  Characterized  by  ringing  or 
tinkling.     P*esonance-Nonresonance. 

ti'-ny.     Very  small.     Greatness-Littleness. 

tip.  Tilt;  a  fee;  the  top;  to  cover  the  tip  of .  Begin- 
ning-End, Cover- Lining,  Giving- Receiving, 
Top-Bottom;  on  tiptoe,  Expectation -Surprise, 
Height- Lowness;  tip  the  wink,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Sign. 

tip'-cat".  A  boys'  game.  Entertainment- Weari- 
ness. 

tip'-pet.     A  covering  for  the  neck.      Dress-Undress. 

tip'-ple.  To  drink  habitually.  Nutriment -Excre- 
tion, Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

tip'-pler.  One  who  drinks  habitually,  but  not  to  ex- 
cess.    Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

tip'-staff".     A  court  officer.     Judicature. 

tip'-sy.     Unsteady.     Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

tip'-top'.  The  very  top;  the  best  of  its  kind.  Good- 
ness-Badness, Top-Bottom. 

ti-rade'.  A  declamatory  outpouring,  as  of  censure. 
Approval  -  Disapproval,  Speech  -  Inarticulate- 
ness. 

tire.  Weary.  Desire-Repletion,  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness, 
Weariness-Refreshment. 

tire  a  quatre  epingles  [F.]  (ti-re'  a  katr  epan-gl').  Fine- 
spun.   Society-Affectation,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

tired'-ness.  State  or  quality  of  being  tired.  Weari- 
ness-Refreshment. 

tirer  d'afjaire,  se  [F.]  (ti-rS'  da-fer',  se).  To  deliver 
from  the  affair;  to  get  out  of  trouble.  Rescue,  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 

Ti-re'-si-as.     A  blind  seer.     Soothsayer. 

tire'-some.  Wearisome.  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness,  Weariness  -  Re- 
freshment. 

Tis-iph'-o-ne.  One  of  the  Eumenides.  Turbulence- 
Calm-ness. 

tis'-sue.  Any  light  textile  fabric;  an  elementary  fabric 
of  which  an  organ  in  the  human  body  is  composed. 
Crossing,  Gathering -Scattering,  Texture, 
Whole-Part. 

tit.  A  small  horse.  Conveyer,  Greatness-Little- 
ness; tit  for  tat,  Reprisal-Resistance. 

Ti'-tan.  A  demigod,  the  incarnation  of  natural  forces. 
Jove-Fiend. 

tit'-bit".  A  bit  or  morsel.  Condiment,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness. 


tithe.  A  tenth ;  a  ratable  tax.  Five-Quinquesection, 
Price-Discount. 

tit-il-late.  Excite  pleasurably.  Desire -Distaste, 
Entertainment-Weariness,  Tingling-Numbness. 

tit"-il-la'-tion.  The  act  of  exciting  pleasurably.  Sen- 
suality-Suffering, Tingling-Numbness. 

ti'-tle.  A  claim;  name;  appellation.  Dueness-Undue- 
ness,  Name-Misnomer,  Property,  Scepter,  Sign, 
Title. 

TITLE. 

Handle  to  one's  name.     Slang  for  title. 

Honor.     Respectful  regard  or  veneration;  hence,  any  outward  token 

of  such  feeling. 
Knighthood.     The  character  or  dignity  of  a  knight;    the  rank  o* 

honor  accompanying  the  title.     See  Gentility. 
Title.     An  appellation  significant  of  office  or  honor. 

Title — Denotations. 

Esquire.     A  title  given  to  any  man  as  a  mark  of  respect. 
Excellency.     A  title  of  honor  bestowed  upon  high  officials. 
Grace.     A  title  of  honor  applied  to  a  duke,  duchess,  or  archbishop. 
Highness.     A  title  of  honor  belonging  to  persons  of  princely  rank. 

p.  '  |  A  title  of  honor  applied  to  a  judge. 

Lordship.     A  title  of  honor  applied  to  a  lord. 
Master.     A  title  given  to  a  boy  as  a  mark  of  respect. 
Mein  Herr  [G.].      Dear  sir. 

Mr.     Mister;    a  title  of  respect  applied  to  a  man. 
Mynheer  [Dutch].     A  title  of  address  in  Holland. 

P  .  'I  A  title  of  respect  applied  to  clergymen. 

Seiior  [Sp.J.     Sir. 

Serene  Highness.     The  title  of  princes  in  Germany  and  France. 
Signor  [It.].     Sir. 

Sir.     A  title  of  respect  applied  to  any  man. 

Worship.     A  title  of  honor  applied  to  clergymen,  nobility,  magis- 
trates, etc. 
Your  honor.     A  title  belonging  to  a  judge. 

Title — Associated  Nouns. 

Arms.  The  ensigns  armorial  of  a  family;  marks  of  dignity  and 
honor,  descending  from  father  to  son. 

Bays.     Honorary  garlands  of  laurel  leaves  bestowed  as  prizes. 

Blue  ribbon.  The  ribbon  worn  by  members  of  the  Order  of  the 
Garter;  hence,  a  distinction,  a  prize.  ^ 

Cockade.  A  badge,  generally  worn  upon  the  hat,  indicating  military 
or  naval  service. 

Colors.     An  ensign,  flag,  or  badge. 

Cordon  [F.].     A  cord  or  ribbon  given  as  a  badge  of  honor. 

Coronet.  A  crown  denoting  various  degrees  of  rank  less  than  sov- 
ereign. 

Cross.     An  ornament  in  the  form  of  a  cross  worn  as  a  mark  of  honor. 

Crown.  A  decorated  head-piece  worn  or  displayed  as  a  mark  of 
sovereign  power. 

Decoration.     A  badge  bestowed  as  a  mark  of  honor 

Epaulet.  \  A  fringed  ornament  worn  on  the  shoulder  as  a  mark 

Epaulette  [F .].  >       of  military  rank. 

Feather. 

Feather  in  one's  cap.. 

Garland.     A  wreath  worn  as  a  mark  of  honor. 

Garter.  The  distinguishing  badge  of  the  highest  ranked  order  oi 
knighthood  in  Great  Britain. 

Laurel.  A  crown  of  laurel  bestowed  as  a  prize;  hence,  honor  dis 
tinction. 

Livery.  The  peculiar  dress  appropriated  as  a  distinctive  mark  of 
honor  or  service. 

Medal.  A  small  ornamental  disk  of  metal  conferred  as  a  mark  of 
honor. 

Order.     A  body  of  persons  with  some  common  honorary  distinction. 

Palm.     A  symbol  of  success  or  triumph. 

Reward.  That  which  is  given  in  return  for  some  service  or  attain- 
ment.    See  Recompense. 


\  An  honor  or  mark  of  distinction. 
p.) 


TITLE. 


1066 


TOIL— RELAXATION. 


Riband.) 


A  mark  of  honor  consisting  of  a  bow  or  streamer  of  ribbon. 


Ribbon. 

Scutchson.     A  shield  for  armorial  bearings. 

Shield.     An  escutcheon  on  which  heraldry  is  depicted. 

Star.  A  figure  having  radiating  points  used  as  an  emblem  of  dis- 
tinction or  honor. 

Wreath.  A  twisted  band  of  leaves  or  flowers  bestowed  upon  a  person 
as  a  mark  of  distinction. 

ti'-tled.  Having  a  title,  as  of  nobility.  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

ti'-tle-deed".  The  instrument  by  which  the  title  is 
evidenced.     Security. 

ti'-tle-page".  The  page  containing  the  title.  Begin- 
ning-End. 

tit'-ter.     To  giggle.     Jubilation-Lamentation. 

tit'-tle.  A  jot;  iota.  Magnitude-Smallness;  to  a 
tittle,  Truth-Error. 

tit'-tle-tat"-tle.  To  chatter  foolishly.  Conversation- 
Monologue,  Tidings-Mystery. 

tit'-u-ban-cy.  The  quality  of  staggering;  stumbling. 
Speech-Inarticulateness. 

tit'-u-bate.  To  stumble.  Ascent-Descent,  Success- 
Failure. 

tit"-u-ba'-tion.    A  reeling.    Ascent-Descent. 

tit'-u-lar.  Nominal.  Name-Misnomer,  Word-Ne- 
ology. 

tiv'-o-li.  A  game  like  bagatelle.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

tme'-sis.  The  separation  of  the  elements  of  a  com- 
pound word  by  an  intervening  word.     Reversal. 

to.  In  the  direction  of.  Aim-Aberration;  lie  to, 
Action-Passiveness;  to  a  certain  degree,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness; to  a  great  extent,  Magnitude- 
Smallness;  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  Entirety- 
Deficiency,  Equality-Inequality;  to  a  man,  Uni- 
versality-Particularity; to  and  fro,  Vibration; 
to  a  small  extent,  Magnitude-Smallness;  to  be  sure, 
Assent-Dissent;  to  come,  Future-Past.  Occur- 
rence-Destiny; to  crown  all,  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Supremacy-Subordinacy;  to  do,  Regu- 
larity-Irregularity; to  some  extent,  Quantity- 
Measure;  to  the  credit  of,  Credit-Debt;  to  the  end 
of  time,  Eternity-Instantaneity;  to  the  full,  En- 
tirety-Deficiency; to  the  letter,  Imitation-Origi- 
nality; to  the  point,  Harmony-Discord;  to  the  pur- 
pose, Harmony-Discord;  to  this  day,  Time;  to  wit, 


Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Universality-Particu- 
larity. 

toad.  A  tailless  amphibian.  Embellishment-Ugli- 
ness, Goodness-Badness,  Presumption-Obsequi- 
ousness; toad  under  a  harrow,  Sensuality-Suffer- 
ing. 

toad'-eat"-er.  A  fawning  parasite.  Flatterer-De- 
famer,  Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

toad'-eat"-ing.  Practising  flattery.  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement. 

toad'-stool".    A  poisonous  mushroom.     Fauna-Flora. 

toad'-y.  An  obsequious  flatterer.  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness. 

toast.  To  drink  to  the  health  of;  to  brown  over  a  fire. 
Heating-Cooling,  Solemnization. 

to-bac'-co.    A  plant  used  for  smoking.    Pungency. 

to-bog'-gan.  A  sled-like  vehicle  used  for  coasting. 
Conveyance-Vessel. 

to'-by.     A  mug.     Contents-Receiver. 

toc-ca'-ta.     A  touch-piece.     Music 

toc'-sin.     An  alarm.     Alarm. 

tod.    A  weight  of  about  twenty-eight  pounds.     Heayi- 

NESS-LlGHTNESS. 

to-day'.     The  present  day.     Time. 

tod'-dle.  To  walk  as  a  little  child.  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness, Traveling-Navigation. 

tod'-dy.     A  beverage.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

toe.  One  of  the  digits  of  the  foot.  Anatomy,  Top- 
Bottom;  on  the  light  fantastic  toe,  Entertainment- 
Weariness,  Spring-Dive. 

toes.  The  digits  of  the  foot.  Turn  up  the  toes,  Life- 
Death. 

toft.     A  homestead.     Property. 

to'-ga.  The  outer  garment  of  a  Roman  citizen.  Dress- 
Undress,  Scepter;  assume  the  toga  virilis,  Man- 
hood. 

to-geth'-er.  Conjointly.  Coexistence,  Solitude- 
Company;  come  together,  Concentration-Radia- 
tion; get  together,  Gathering-Scattering;  hang 
together,  Antagonism-Concurrence;  lay  heads  to- 
gether, Advice;  together  with,  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion, Solitude-Company. 

tog'-ger-y.    Clothes.    Dress-Undress. 

togs.     Clothes.     Dress-Undress. 

toil.  Arduous  labor.  Activity-Indolence,  Toil-Re- 
laxation. 


TOIL— RELAXATION. 


Ado.     Unnecessary  and  troublesome  work. 
A  strong  pull,  a  long  pull,  and  a  pull  all  together.     Hard  labor. 
Dead  lift.      Labor  without  mechanical  aid. 
Drudgery.     Wearisome  work. 
Duty.     That  which  one  is  bound  to  do. 

Effort.     The  putting  forth  of  strength  voluntarily  to  perform  some- 
thing. 
Energy.     The  power  to  do  work, 
xercise.         I  phyg^i  or  other  activity  for  developing  the  body. 

Exertion.     The  exercise  of  any  power. 
Fagging.     Exhaustion  caused  by  severe  exertion. 
Gymnastics.     Method  of  taking  exercise. 
,  Hammering.     The  act  of  striking  with  the  hammer. 
Hard  work.     Labor. 
Harvest  time.     The  time  of  labor. 
Heft.     The  act  of  heaving. 
Labor.     Hard  work. 

Lima  tabor  [L.].      Labor  of  revising  a  literary  work. 
Manual  labor.     Work  with  the  hands. 
Operoseness.     The  state  of  being  fraught  with  labor. 
Pains.     Tedious  exertion. 
Pull.     A  drawing. 

Resolution.     Determination  to  effect  something  by  toil. 
Slavery.     Drudgery. 
Spell.     A  required  amount  of  work. 

r  t  J  "^  short,  energetic  exertion. 


Halt.     A  cessation  of  movement. 

Pause.     A  rest ;  a  stop. 

Recess.     A  period  of  rest  from  employment. 

Relaxation.     Diversion  from  regular  or  severe  duties. 

Repose.     Rest. 

Respite.     Temporary  rest  from  labor. 

Rest.     Cessation  from  activity. 

Silken  repose.     Soft  repose. 

Sleep.     A  state  of  repose. 

Relaxation — Nouns  of  Time. 

Breathing  time.     A  time  of  rest. 

Day  of  rest.     A  period  of  repose ;  a  sabbath. 

Dies  non  \L\     A  legal  holiday. 

Holiday.     A  day  of  exemption  from  labor. 

Lord's  day.     The  first  day  of  the  week,  the  day  of  Christ's  resur* 

rection;by  many  united  with  the  Sabbath. 
Red-letter  day.     A  Church  holiday. 

Sabbath.     The  seventh  day  of  the  week,  the  rest-day  of  the  Jewsc 
Vacation.     A  stated  period  for  rest. 

Relaxation — Verbs. 

Pause.     To  make  a  short  stop. 
Recline.     To  lie  down. 
Relax.     To  indulge  in  recreation. 
Repose.     To  take  complete  rest. 
Rest.     To  be  inactive. 


TOIL. 


1067 


TOLLING. 


TOIL— RELAXATION— Continued. 


Stitch  of  work.     A  particular  piece  of  work. 

Strain.     A  severe  taxing  of  the  powers. 

Stress.     A  specific  force  tending  to  produce  a  strain. 

Stretch.     Effort  to  lengthen. 

Stroke  of  work.     A  particular  labor. 

Struggle.     A  violent  effort. 

Sweat  of  one's  brow.     Result  of  labor. 

Swink.     Labor. 

Throw.     The  act  of  throwing. 

Toil.     Grievous  work. 

Toil  and  trouble.     Labor. 

Travail.     Pain  in  childbirth. 

Trouble.     Annoyance  of  putting  forth  effort. 

Tug.     To  pull  against  great  resistance. 

Uphill  work.     Very  difficult  work. 

Warm  work.     Work  which  causes  one  to  sweat. 

Wear  and  tear.     Use  by  work. 

Work.     The  production  of  motion  against  resistance. 

Toil—  Verbs. 
Drudge.     To  do  irksome  or  menial  work. 
Fag.     To  become  weary  from  drudgery. 
Labor.     To  work  hard. 
Moil.     To  work  in  a  drudging  manner. 
Ply.     To  be  constantly  employed. 
Pull.     To  draw. 
Slave.     To  drudge. 

Strain.     To  make  effort  to  the  limit  of  endurance. 
Strive.     To  make  an  effort. 
Sweat.     To  work  hard,  so  as  to  perspire. 
Toil.     To  work  so  as  to  strain  or  exhaust  one's  strength. 
Tug.     To  pull  against  great  resistance. 
Work.     To  do  something. 

Toil — Verbal  Expressions. 
Bend  the  bow;  bestir  oneself  (see  Activity);  buckle  to;  burn  the 
candle  at  both  ends;  do  all  in  one's  power;  do  all  one  can;  do 
as  much  as  in  one  lies;  do  double  duty;  do  one's  best;  do  one's 
utmost;  do  the  best  one  can;  do  the  work;  do  what  lies  in  one's 
power;  drag  a  lengthened  chain;  exert  oneself;  exert  one's  en- 
ergies; fall  to  work;  fight  one's  way;  go  all  lengths;  go  through 
fire  and  water  (see  Determination*);  hammer  at;  have  one's 
whole  soul  in  the  work;  labor  day  and  night;  lay  about  one;  leave 
no  stone  unturned;  make  a  long  arm;  move  heaven  and  earth; 
play  one's  best  card;  ply  the  oar;  put  all  one's  strength  into;  put 
forth  a  strong  arm;  put  forth  one's  strength;  put  one's  best  leg 
forward;  put  one's  right  leg  forward;  redouble  one's  efforts;  rough 
it;  set  one's  shoulder  to  the  wheel  (see  Determination);  sit  up; 
spare  no  efforts;  spare  no  pains;  stick  to  (see  Persistence);  strain 
every  nerve;  stretch  along  arm;  take  pains;  take  th?  laboring  oar; 
take  trouble;  tax  one's  energies;  trouble  oneself;  try  one's  best; 
try  one's  utmost;  tug  at  the  oar;  use  exertion;  use  one's  best  en- 
deavor; use  one's  utmost  endeavor;  wade  through;  work  day 
and  night;  work  double  hours;  work  double  tides;  work  hard; 
work  like  a  cart-horse ;  work  like  a  coal-heaver ;  work  like  a  galley- 
slave;  work  like  a  horse;  work  one's  way. 

Toil — Adjectives. 
Elaborate.     Done  or  prepared  with  great  pains. 
Energetic.     Active. 


RELAXATION— Verbs— Continued. 

To  ease  up. 

To  relieve  tension. 


Slacken. 
Unbend. 

Relaxation — Verbal  Expressions. 
Go  to  bed;  go  to  rest;  go  to  sleep  (see  Activity-Indolence);  lie 
down;  lie  fallow  (see  Action-Passiveness),  recline  on  a  bed  ot 
down;  recline  on  an  easy  chair;  rest  and  be  thankful;  rest  upon 
one's  oars;  shut  up  shop;  stay  one's  hand;  take  a  holiday;  take 
breath  (see  Refreshment);  take  one's  ease;  take  rest. 

Relaxation — Adjectives. 
Reposing.     In  a  state  of  complete  rest. 
Unstrained.     Not  strained. 

Relaxation — Adverb. 
At  rest-      Enjoying  leisure. 


TOIL — Adjectives — Continued. 

Gymnastic.     Pertaining  to  gymnastics. 

Hard  at  work.     Laboring. 

Hard-working.     Making  great  efforts. 

Herculean.     Requiring  great  strength. 

Laboring.     Burdened,  or  moving  with  difficulty  or  pain.     See  Verbs 

Laborious.     Requiring  a  great  amount  of  labor. 

On  the  stretch.     At  work. 

Operose.     Attended  with  much  labor. 

Painstaking.     Working  with  care. 

Palestric.     Pertaining  to  gymnastic  games  and  exercises. 

Strained.     Exerted  to  the  limit  of  endurance. 

Strenuous.     Vigorous  and  persevering. 

Toilsome.     Marked  by  toil. 

Troublesome.     Attended  with  trouble. 

Uphill.     Requiring  unceasing  efforts. 

Wearisome.     Making  weary. 

Toil — Adverbs. 
Laboriously.     With  much  labor. 
Lustily.     With  vigor. 

Toil — Adverbial  Expressions. 
By  the  sweat  of  one's  brow;    hammer  and  tongs;    heart  and  soul; 

manibus  pedibusqur  [L],  with  hands  and  feet,  with  all  one's 
might,  suomarte  [L.l,  with  his  own  strength;  through  thick  and 
thin  (see  Persistence),  tooth  and  nail;  to  the  best  of  one's  abili- 
ties; totts  viribus  [L  ],  with  all  possible  strength;  ungutbus  et 
rostro  f L.  ],  with  claws  and  beak  with  determination ;  vi  et 
armis  [L.l  with  force  and  arms;  with  all  one's  might;  with  a  strong 
hand;  with  might  and  main ;  with  much  ado;  with  sledge-hammer. 

To  i  l — Phrases. 
Aide-toi,  le  ciel  t'aidera  [F  ]      Help  yourself,  and  heaven  will  help 

you. 
Buen  principio,  la  mitad  es  hecha  [Sp.l     Well  begun  is  half  done. 
Cosa  ben  fatta  b   falta  due  volte  [It.}.     A  thing  well  done  is  twice 

done. 
Manu  jorti  [L.].     With  the  strong  hand. 
Ora  et  labora  [  L  J.      Pray  and  work. 


toil'-er.     Laborer.     Labor-Capital. 

toi'-let".     The  process  of  dressing.     Dress-Undress. 

toilette     [F.]     (twa-lef).       The    process    of    dressing. 

Dress-Undress. 
toilette,   en  grande    [F.]     (twa-let,  an-   gran-d).     Well 

dressed.     Embellishment-Disfigurement. 
toils.     Snares.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 
toil'-some.     Accompanied  with  fatigue.     Difficulty- 
Toil-Relaxation. 

Worn    by   toil.      Weariness-Refresh- 


Facility 
toil'-worn" 

ment. 
to '-ken.     A 


sign.  Sign;  give  token,  Manifestation- 
Latency;  token  of  remembrance,  Remembrance- 
Forgetfulness. 

told.  Bade.  Do  what  one  is  told,  Insubordination- 
Obedience. 

tol"-de-rol'-loll.  An  expression  of  joy.  Jubilation- 
Lamentation. 

To-le'-do.    A  sword  from  Toledo,  Spain.     Weapon. 


tol'-er-a-ble.  Passably  good.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, CONTENTEDNESS  -  DISCONTENTMENT, 

Faultlessness-  Faultiness,    Goodness-Badness, 
Magnitude-Smallness. 

tol -er-a-bly.  Passably  well.  Get  on  tolerably,  Medi- 
ocrity. 

tol'-er-ance.  The  character  or  state  of  being  tolerant. 
Harshness-Mildness,  Leave-Prohibition. 

tol'-er-ate.  To  suffer  to  remain.  Leave-Prohibition 
Rule-License. 

tol"-er-a'-tion.  Tolerating  that  which  is  not  wholly 
approved.  Charitableness-Malevolence,  Harsh- 
ness-Mildness, Leave -Prohibition,  Rule-Li- 
cense. 

toll.  To  sound  slowly;  tax.  Crash-Drumming,  Price- 
Discount;  toll  the  knell,  Life-Funeral. 

toll'-booth".  A  market;  jail.  Market,  Release- 
Prison. 

toll'-ing.     Present  participle  of  toll.     Life-Funeral. 


TOMAHAWK. 


1068 


TOP— BOTTOM. 


tom'-a-hawk.    A  battle-ax.     Weapon. 

to-ma'-to.  A  plant  bearing  an  edible  fruit.  Domesti- 
cation-Agriculture, Nutriment-Excretion. 

tomb.  A  sepulcher.  Life-Funeral;  lay  in  the  tomb, 
Life-Funeral  ;  tomb  of  the  Capulets,  Remembrance- 

FoRGETFULNESS. 

tombe  des  nues  [F.]  (ton'-be'  de  nii).  Fallen  from  the 
clouds.  Astonishment-Expectance,  Convention- 
ale y-Unconventionality. 

tom'-boy".    A  boisterous  girl.    Taste-Vulgarity. 

tomb'-stone".  A  stone  marking  a  place  of  burial.  Life- 
Funeral. 

tom'-cat".    A  male  cat.    Fauna-Flora,  Male-Female. 

tome.     A  volume.     Missive-Publication. 

to-men'-tous.  Covered  with  woolly  hair.  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

tom'-fool".     A  silly  person.     Sage-Fool. 

tom"-fool'-er-y.  Nonsensical  behavior.  Adage- 
Nonsense,  Entertainment- Weariness,  Pomp, 
Wittiness-Dulness. 

Tom'-my  At'-kins.  A  British  soldier.  Belliger- 
ent. 

tom"-nod'-dy.     A  blockhead.    Sage-Fool. 

to-mor'-row.  The  morrow.  Future-Past;  to-mor- 
row and  to-morrow,  Period-Progress,  Recur- 
rence. 

tom'-pi-on.     An  inking-pad.     Perforator-Stopper. 

Tom  Thumb.   A  dwarf.     Greatness-Littleness. 

tom'-tit".    A  titmouse.    Greatness-Littleness. 

tom'-tom".  A  drum.  Fighting-Conciliation,  Musi- 
cal Instruments. 

ton.  A  measure  of  weight;  the  style.  Heaviness- 
Lightness,  Measure,  Society-Ludicrousness. 

tort,  bon  [F.]  (ton-,  bon-).  The  fashionable  world. 
Society-Ludicrousness. 

to-nal'-i-ty.  A  system  of  tones;  a  scheme  of  colors. 
Light-Darkness,  Melody-Dissonance. 

tone.  To  harmonize;  the  timbre  of  an  instrument; 
mood.  Affections,  Color-Achromatism,  Condi- 
tion-Situation, Inclination,  Melody-Dissonance, 
Sound -Silence,  Strength- Weakness,  Way, 
Whiteness-Blackness;  give  a  tone  to,  Society- 
Ludicrousness;  tone  down,  Color-Achromatism, 
Light-Darkness,  Turbulence-Calmness;  tone  of 
voice,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

ton'-ga.  A  two-wheeled  cart  of  British  India.  Con- 
veyance-Vessel. 

tongs.  A  pair  of  pivoted  levers,  often  used  in  hand- 
ling hot  objects.  Keeping-Relinquishment,  Oven- 
Refrigerator. 

tongue.  The  organ  of  speech  and  of  taste.  Convex- 
ity-Concavity, Language,  Savor-Tastelessness; 
bite  the  tongue,  Pungency;  bridle  one's  tongue, 
Speech-Inarticulateness,  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity; give  tongue,  Vocalization-Muteness; 
have  a  tongue  in  one's  head,  Speech-Inarticulate- 
ness; hold  one's  tongue,  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Sound  -  Silence,  Talkativeness  -  Taciturnity; 
keep  one's  tongue  between  one's  teeth,  Talkative- 
ness-Taciturnity; on  the  tip  of  one's  tongue,  Mani- 
festation -  Latency,  Remembrance  -  Forgetful- 
ness,  Remoteness-Nearness,  Speech-Inarticu- 
lateness; slip  of  the  tongue,  Grammar-Solecism, 
Speech-Inarticulateness,  Truth-Error;  tongue 
cleave  to  the  roof  of  one's  mouth,  Astonishment- 
Expectance;  tongue  of  land,  Ocean-Land;  tongue 
running  loose,  Talkativeness-Taciturnity;  wag 
the  tongue,  Speech-Inarticulateness. 


tongue'-less.  Without  a  tongue;  mute.  Vocaliza- 
tion-Muteness. 

tongue'-tied".  Abnormal  shortness  of  the  fillet  of  the 
tongue.     Vocalization-Muteness. 

ton'-ic.  Bracing;  the  key-note  in  music.  Healthi- 
ness-Unhealthiness,  Melody-Dissonance,  Rem- 
edy-Bane. 

ton  mauvais[F.]  (ton- mo-ve').  Ill-breeding.  Taste- 
Vulgarity. 

to-nic'-i-ty.     Health.     Strength-Weakness. 

ton'-nage.  The  capacity  of  a  vessel.  Greatness-Lit- 
tleness. 

ton'-sils.  Organs  in  the  throat.  Watercourse-Air- 
pipe. 

ton'-sure.  The  shaved  part  of  a  priest's  head.  Vest- 
ments. 

ton-tine'.     A  life  annuity.     Outlay-Income. 

to'-ny.     A  simpleton.     Sage-Fool. 

To'-ny  Lump'-kin.  One  of  Goldsmith's  characters 
in  She  Stoops  to  Conquer.  Gentility -Common- 
alty. 

too.  Also;  more  than  sufficiently.  Addition -Sub, 
traction,  Excess-Lack;  have  too  much  of,  Desire- 
Repletion;  in  a  too  great  degree,  Magnitude- 
Smallness;  make  too  much  of,  Overvaluation- 
Undervaluation;  too  bad,  Approval -Disappro- 
val, Reputation-Discredit,  Right-Wrong;  too 
clever  by  half,  Craft-Artlessness;  too  far,  Excess- 
Lack;  too  hot  to  hold  one,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness;  too  late,  Earliness-Lateness;  too  late 
for,  Earliness-Lateness,  Opportuneness -Un- 
suitableness;  too  little,  Excess-Lack;  too  many, 
Excess-Lack;  too  much,  Excess-Lack,  Modera- 
tion-Selfindulgence;  too  much  for,  Possibility- 
Impossibility;  too  much  of  a  good  thing,  Desire- 
Repletion;  too  soon,  Earliness-Lateness;  too 
soon  for,  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness;  too 
true,  Contentedness-Regret,  Jubilation-Lamen- 
tation. 

tool.  An  instrument.  Antagonist-Assistant,  In- 
strument, Management,  Presumption-Obse- 
quiousness; edge  tool,  Sharpness-Bluntness; 
mere  tool,  Agent. 

tooth.  One  of  the  hard  structures  of  the  jaw;  a  cog; 
palate;  something  resembling  a  tooth.  Anatomy, 
Connective,  Convexity-Concavity,  Indentation, 
Savor-  Tastelessness,  Sharpness  -  Bluntness, 
Smoothness-Roughness,  Texture;  sweet  tooth, 
Desire-Distaste,  Desire-Particularness;  tooth 
and  nail,  Attack-Defense,  Toil-Relaxation,  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness. 

toothed.  Supplied  with  teeth.  Indentation,  Sharp- 
ness-Bluntness. 

tooth'-ful.     Toothsome.     Palatableness-  Unpalata- 

BLENESS. 

tooth'-some".  Having  a  pleasant  taste.  Palatable- 
ness-Unpalatableness. 

top.  The  highest  part;  a  toy.  Cover-Lining,  Revo- 
lution-Evolution, Supremacy-Subordinacy,  Top- 
Bottom  ;  at  the  top  of  one's  speed,  Swiftness-Slow- 
ness; at  the  top  of  one's  voice,  Cry-Ululation, 
Loudness-Faintness;  at  the  top  of  the  tree,  Repu- 
tation-Discredit, Top-Bottom;  fool  to  the  top  of 
one's  bent,  Truthfulness-Fraud;  from  top  to  toe, 
Entirety-Deficiency,  Length-Shortness;  sleep 
like  a  top,  Activity-Indolence;  top  of  the  ladder, 
Reputation-Discredit;  top  to  bottom,  Entirety- 
Deficiency. 


TOP— BOTTOM 


Acme.     The  top  or  highest  point. 

Apex.     The  point  or  summit,  as  of  a  pyramid,  mountain,  etc. 

Brow.     The  upper  edge  of  a  steep  slope 

Cap.     A  covering  at  the  top  of  anything. 


Base.     The  part  of  an  object  on  which  the  remainder  rests. 
Basement.     The  lower  story  of  a  building. 

Basis.     The  fundamental  principle;   chief  component  part     founda 
tion  of  a  pillar  or  statue. 


TOP. 


1069 


TOPKNOT. 


TOP—  BOTTOM— Continued. 


Climax.     The  point  of  greatest  development;  a  ladder. 
Crest.     The  highest  ridge  of  a  mountain;  top  of  anything. 
Crown.     A  perfect  type;  top;  summit;  crest. 

cSrninating'point.}  The  HgheSt  P°int- 

Culmination.     The  condition  of  having  arrived  at  the  highest  point. 

End.     The  terminal  point. 

Fountain-head.     Source. 

Head.  Upper  part  or  beginning,  as  of  a  stream,  valley;  highest 
position,  as  of  a  party,  army,  etc. 

Height.     The  utmost  degree  in  anything. 

Heights.  Elevation  of  land;  elevation  of  condition,  as  the  heights 
of  fame. 

High  places.      High  government  offices. 

Knob.  A  hard,  round  ball  or  protuberance,  usually  at  the  end  of 
something. 

Maximum.     The  greatest  degree  possible. 

Meridian.     The  culminating  point ;  the  middle  of  the  day. 

Ne  plus  ultra  [L.].     Uttermost  point. 

Nib.     The  point,  as  of  a  pen,  crowbar,  etc. 

.Noddle.     The  head:  used  contemptuously. 

Peak.     A  projecting  edge  or  point,  as  of  a  roof,  mountain,  etc. 

Pinnacle.     A  height;  a  topmost  point. 

Pitch.     Degree  of  elevation. 

Summit.     The  highest  part  or  top,  as  of  a  hill;  highest  degree. 

Summity.     Summit,  perfection 

Tip.     The  point  of  something  slender  or  small. 

Tip-top.     The  very  top. 

Top.     The  upper  extremity  of  anything. 

Turn  of  the  tide.     The  meridian;  the  height. 

Turning-point.     The  important  point  or  moment. 

"Utmost  height.     The  highest  point. 

Vertex.     The  highest  point,  as  of  a  dome  or  the  sky. 

Zenith.  The  point  in  the  heavens  directly  overhead;  the  culmi- 
nating point. 

Top — Denotations. 

Architrave.     A  beam  supporting  a  roof. 

Attic.     A  half  story  next  to  the  roof. 

Capital.     The  upper  member  of  a  column. 

Ceiling.     The  overhead  covering  of  a  room 

Coping-stone.     The  top  stone  of  a  walL 

Cornice.     The  projection  along  the  top  of  a  building. 

Crow's-nest.     An  elevated  point  of  view. 

Entablature.     A  projecting  frieze  or  cornice. 

Frieze.     A  projection  of  a  building  below  the  cornice. 

Garret.     That  part  of  a  house  directly  under  the  roof. 

Housetop.     The  roof  of  a  house. 

Hurricane-deck.     The  highest  deck  about  amidships. 

Loft,     A  room  under  the  roof. 

Pate.     The  top  of  the  head. 

Pediment.     A  piece  surmounting  a  door. 

Pole.     The  extremity  of  an  axis. 

Quarter-deck.     Part  of  the  deck  of  a  war-vessel. 

Scone.     A  projecting  candlestick. 

Sky.     The  blue  vault  overhead. 

Skyscraper.     A  tall  building. 

Topgallantmast.     The  mast  above  the  topmast. 

Truck.     The  upper  extremity  of  a  mast. 

Upper  story.     A  room  or  floor  near  the  roof. 

Water-parting.).  The  ridge  of  land  from  which  water   flows  in  dif- 

Watershed.       J       ferent  directions. 

Zoophorous  [G.j      A  frieze. 

Top—  Verbs. 

Crown.     To  place  upon  the  top,  like  a  crown. 
Culminate.     To  arrive  at  the  highest  point  of  progress. 


Bottom.     Lowest  part  of  anything. 
Caudez.     The  trunk,  as  of  a  tree. 
Foot.     The  last  of  a  series  or  scale. 
Footing.     A  place  to  stand,  walk,  or  work  on. 

Foundation.     The  hidden  structure  upon  which  a  building  or   ma- 
chine rests. 
Ground.     That  upon  which  we  base  belief  feeling,  or  action. 
Groundwork.     That  which  furnishes  support  for  anything. 
Plinth.     A  block  of  stone  on  which  a  column  rests. 
Root.     That  which  furnishes  support  or  is  the  origin  of  anything. 
Sole.     The  part  on  which  a  thing  rests  in  standing. 
Substratum.     A  stratum  immediately  beneath  another. 
Substructure.     The  foundation;  opposed  to  superstructure. 
Toe.     Lower  end  or  projection  of  something. 

Bottom— Denotation  s. 

Bilge.     The  flat  part  of  a  ship's  bottom. 

Carpet.     Floor-covering. 

Dado.     A  flat  surface  between  a  base  and  surbase  molding. 

Deck.     A  platform  or  floor  of  a  vessel. 

Earth.     The  ground  under  foot. 

Flag.     A  flat  stone  used  for  pavement. 

Ground-floor.     The  floor  next  to  the  ground. 

Hold.     The  part  of  a  ship  below  the  deck. 

Hoof.  .The  horny  sheath  encasing  the  feet  of  animals. 

Keel.     The  lowest  member  of  the  framework  of  a  vessel. 

Nadir.     The  point  of  a  celestial  sphere  directly  beneath  one. 

Pavement.  \ 

Paving. 

Wainscot.     A  lining  along  the  bottom  of  a  walL 

Botto  m — A  djectives. 

Resting  upon. 

Pertaining  to  the  bottom. 

\  Having  under. 
Founded  on.  J 

Fundamental.     Constituting  the  foundation. 

Grounded  on.     Built  upon. 

Nethermost.!  , 

Undermost,  i 


'  The  surface  walked  on. 


Based  on. 
Bottom. 
Built  on. 


Lowest. 


See  Verbs. 


TOP — Verbs— Continued. 

Overtop.     To  rise  above  the  top  of. 
Top.     To  cover  on  the  top. 

To  p — A  djectives. 

Capital.     First  in  importance. 

Culminating,  etc.     Attaining  the  highest  point. 

Head.     Pertaining  to  what  is  at  the  head  of. 

Highest.     The  topmost. 

Meridian     1  See  N 

Meridional. > 

Polar.     Pertaining  to  the  axile  extremities  of  the  earth. 

Supernal.     Pertaining  to  heavenly  regions  or  things. 

Supreme.     Highest,  greatest,  or  most  excellent. 

Tip-top.     Highest;  best. 

Top.     Pertaining  to  the  top. 

Topgallant.     Between  the  topmast  and  the  royalmast. 

Topmost.     Pertaining  to  the  very  top. 

Uppermost.     The  highest. 

Top — A dierbs,  etc. 
A-top.     On  the  top;  above. 
At  the  top  of  a  tree.     At  the  highest  point. 

Top — Phrases. 

En  flute  [F.].     With  guns  on  the  upper  deck  only. 
Fleur  d'eau  [F.\     Even  with  the  surface  of  the  water 


to'-paz.  A  mineral.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment, Yellowness-Purple. 

top'-boot".     A  boot  with  a  high  top.    Dress-Undress. 

tope.  A  shrine;  to  drink  excessively.  Fane,  Fauna- 
Flora,  Life-Funeral,  Teetotalism-Intemper- 
ance. 

to'-per.  An  habitual  drunkard.  Teetotalism-Intem- 
perance. 

top'-full".     Brimful.     Entirety-Deficiency. 

top"-gal'-lant.  The  parts  of  a  deck  that  are  higher 
than  the  rest.  Top -Bottom;  topgallantmast, 
Height-Lowness,  Top-Bottom. 


top'-heav"-y.  Ill-proportioned;  tipsy.  Equality- 
Inequality,  Reversal,  Security-Insecurity,  Tee- 
totalism-Intemperance. 

To'-phet.    Hell.    Heaven-Hell. 

top'-ic.  A  theme  for  discourse.  Conception-Themb; 
topic  of  the  day,  Tidings-Mystery. 

top'-ic-al.     Local.     Position. 

to'-ping.     Drinking  excessively.  Teetotalism-Intem- 

PERANCE. 

top'-knot".  A  crest  on  the  top  of  the  head.  Embel- 
lishment-Disfigurement. 


TOPMAST. 


1070 


TOUCH. 


top'-mast.  The  mast  next  above  the  lower  mast. 
Height-Lowness. 

top'-most".     At  the  very  top.     Top-Bottom. 

top"-o-graph'-i-cal.  Pertaining  to  topography.  Posi- 
tion. 

to-pog'-ra-phy.  Physical  features.  Geology,  Posi- 
tion. 

top'-ple.  To  totter  and  fall.  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Equality-Inequality,  Reversal,  Success- 
Failure;  topple  down,  Ascent-Descent;  topple 
over,  Ascent-Descent,  Equality-Inequality. 

top'-sail".  The  sail  next  above  the  lowest.  Topsail 
schooner,  Conveyance-Vessel. 

top'-saw"-yer.  One  who  occupies  a  superior  position. 
Adept-Bungler,  Consequence-Insignificance. 

top"-sy-tur'-vy.  Upside  down.  Regularity-Irregu- 
larity, Reversal. 

tor.     A  high  hill.     Height-Lowness. 

torch.  A  flambeau.  Combustible,  Luminary-Shade; 
apply  the  torch,  Excitation,  Heating-Cooling; 
light  the  torch  of  war,  Fighting-Conciliation;  torch 
of  Hymen,  Matrimony-Celibacy. 

tor'-ment.  Agony.  Pleasurableness-Painfulness, 
Pleasure-Pain,  Sensuality-Suffering;  place  of 
torment,  Heaven-Hell. 

Tormes,  Lazarillo  de  [It.]  (tor'-mes,  lats-a-ril'-lo  de). 
One  of  de  Mendoza's  characters.  Uprightness- 
Rogue. 

torn.  Severed;  rent.  Swiftness-Slowness,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness, Union-Disunion,  Variance-Ac- 
cord. 

tor-na'-do.  A  violent  storm.  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion, River- Wind. 

tor-pe'-do.  A  device  containing  an  explosive.  Activ- 
ity-Indolence, Benefactor-Evildoer,  Remedy- 
Bane,  Weapon. 

tor-pes'-cent.    Becoming  torpid.    Activity-Indolence. 

tor'-pid.  Sluggish.  Activity-Indolence,  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy, Vigor-Inertia. 

tor-pid'-i-ty.  State  or  quality  of  being  torpid.  Activ- 
ity-Indolence. 

tor'-por.  Stupor.  Activity-Indolence,  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy, Vigor-Inertia. 

torque.  A  necklace.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

tor"-re-fac'-tion.  Drying  by  heat.  Heating-Cool- 
ing. 

tor'-re-fy.  Expose  to  extreme  heat.  Heating-Cool- 
ing. 

tor'-rent..  A  cascade.  River-Wind,  Swiftness- 
Slowness,  Turbulence-Calmness;  rain  in  tor- 
rents, River- Wind. 

tor'-rid.    Very  sultry.    Heat-Cold. 

tor'-sion.  The  state  of  being  twisted.  Circle-Wind- 
ing. 

tort.     Any  wrongful  act.    Dueness-Undueness. 

tort  et  A  travers,  &  [F.]  (tort  6  a  tra-vAr',  a).  At  cross- 
purposes.  Adage-Nonsense,  Determination- 
Vacillation,  Harmony-Discord. 

tor'-tile.    Coiled.     Circle-Winding. 

tor'-tious.  Of  the  nature  of  a  tort.  Dueness-Undue- 
ness. 

tor'-tive.    Twisted.    Circle-Winding. 

tor'-toise.    A  turtle.    Swiftness-Slowness. 

tor'-toise-shell".  The  shell  of  the  sea-turtle.  Varie- 
gation. 

tor'-tu-ous.  Twisting;  erratic.  Circle- Winding, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

tor'-ture.  Extreme  suffering.  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence, Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness, 
Pleasure- Pain,  Recompense-Punition,  Sensu- 
ality-Suffering; torture  a  question,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct. 


tor'-vi-ty.  Severity  of  countenance.  Favorite-Mo- 
roseness. 

To-ry.  A  member  of  one  of  the  old  English  political 
parties.    Association. 

toss.  To  throw;  agitate.  Agitation,  Organization- 
Disorganization,  Push-Pull,  Vibration;  tose  in  a 
blanket,  Regard-Disrespect;  toss  off,  Nutriment- 
Excretion,  Teetotalism-Intemperance;  toss  on 
one's  pillow,  Excitability-Inexcitability;  toss 
overboard,  Choice-Rejection;  toss  the  head,  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness, Regard-Scorn,  Self- 
respect-Humbleness;  toss  up,  Purpose-Luck,  Ra- 
tionale-Luck. 

toss'-pot".  A  drunkard.  Teetotalism-Intemper- 
ance. 

to'-tal.  Complete  amount.  Whole-Part  ;  total  absti- 
nence, Austerity,  Moderation-Selfindulgence; 
total  eclipse,  Light-Darkness. 

to-tal'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  whole  or  entire.  Whole- 
Part. 

to'-tal-ly.  Completely.  Entirety-Deficiency.Whole- 
Part. 

to'-tal-ness.    Totality.    Whole-Part. 

to'-tem.  An  object  used  by  savages  as  an  emblem  of 
individual  or  clan.    Sign. 

totidem  verbis  [L.]  (tot'-i-dem  ver'-bis).  In  so  many 
words.    Imitation-Originality,  Truth-Error. 

toiies  quolies  [L.]  (to'-shi-iz  quo'-shi-iz) .  As  often  as. 
Frequency-Rarity. 

totis  viribus  [L.]  (to'-tis  vir-i-bus).  With  all  his  might. 
Toil-Relaxation. 

toto,  in  [L.]  (to' -to,  in).  Entirely.  Entirety-Defi- 
ciency. 

toto  ccelo  [L.]  (to'-to  si'-lo).  By  the  whole  heaven.  En- 
tirety-Deficiency. 

tot'-ter.  To  waver.  Agitation,  Betterment-Dete- 
rioration, Mutability-Stability,  Security-Inse- 
curity, Strength- Weakness,  Swiftness -Slow- 
ness, Variation;  totter  to  its  fall,  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Creation-Destruction. 

tot'-ter-ing.  About  to  fall.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Security-Insecurity',  Strength-Weakness. 

touch.  To  be  in  contact  with;  to  affect.  Action-Pas- 
siveness,  Compassion-Ruthlessness,  Connection- 
Independence,  Excitation,  Favorite-Quarrel- 
someness, Giving-Receiving,  Interspace-Con- 
tact, Magnitude-Smallness,  Mixture-Homoge- 
neity, Musician,  Sign,  Touch, Trial;  touch  andgo, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Earliness-Lateness,  Eter- 
nity-Instantaneity,  Mutability-Stability;  touch 
the  guitar,  Musician;  touch  the  hat,  Politeness- 
Impoliteness;  touch  the  heart,  Excitation  ;  touch 
on,  Meaning-Jargon;  touch  to  the  quick,  Sensi- 
tiveness; touch  up,  Betterment-Deterioration; 
touch  upon,  Essay. 

TOUCH. 

Feeling.     The  sense  of  touch;  hence,  general  sensation. 

Manipulation.     The  art  of  working  by  hand. 

Palpability.     The  quality  of  being  perceptible  to  the  touch. 

Palpation      The  act  ot  feeling. 

Tact.     Touch,  perception. 

Tactility.     Capable  of  being  touched  or  felt. 

Taction.     The  act  of  touching. 

Touch.     The  act  of  touching  or  being  in  contact ,  the  sense  of  feeling 

Touch— Nouns  of  Agent. 

Antenna.    A  movable  organ  of  touch  attached  to  the  heads  of  insects 
Feeler.     One  of  the  sense  organs  of  certain  animals  used  in  testing 

animals  by  touch 
Finger.     One  of  the  five  terminating  members  of  the  hand,  the  chiel 

organs  of  touch 
Forefinger.     The  finger  next  to  the  thumb. 


TOUCH. 


1071 


TOUT. 


Band.     That  part  of  the  fore  limb  attached  to  the  lower  extremity  ut 

the  forearm,  adapted  for  grasping. 
Paw.     The  hand  of  an  animal. 
Thumb.     The  first  digit  of  the  human  hand,  which  differs  from  the 

others  in  having  but  two  phalanges. 

Touch — Verbs. 

Keel.     To  perceive,  as  by  the  touch. 

Finger.     To  touch  or  handle  with  the  fingers. 

Fumble.     To  handle  clumsily. 

Grabble.     To  feel  with  the  hands. 

Grope.     To  search  out  by  feeling  in  the  dark. 

Handle.     To  touch  or  feel  with  the  hands. 

Manipulate.     To  handle  skilfully. 

Pass  the  fingers  over.     To  feel  lightly  with  the  fingers. 

Paw.     To  touch  or  scrape  with  the  feet  or  paws. 

Run  the  fingers  over.     To  touch  lightly  and  quickly  with  the  fingers. 

Throw  out  a  feeler.     A  proposal  or  observation  thrown  out  to  touch 

the  feelings  of  others. 
Thumb.     To  feel  with  the  thumb. 
Touch.     To  come  in  contact  with. 
Tweedle.     To  handle  lightly. 
Twiddle.     To  touch  lightly. 
Wield.     To  manage;  to  handle. 


To  uch — Adjectives, 
Lambent.     Touching  lightly. 
Palpable.     Perceptible  by  touch  or  feeling. 
Tactile.     Of  or  pertaining  to  touch. 
Tactual.     Tangible. 
Tangible.     Perceptible  by  touch  or  the  senses 

touched.     Affected;   slightly  insane.     Cleanness-Fil- 

THINESS,        CoMPASSION-RuTHLESSNESS,        SANENESS- 

Lunacy;     touched  in  the  wind,  Health-Sickness; 
touched  with,  Emotion. 

touch'-ing.     Affecting.     Interspace-Contact,  Pleas 
urableness-Painfulness. 

touch'-stone" .    A  testing-stone.    Trial. 

touch'-wood".  A  combustible  wood  used  as  tinder. 
Combustible,  Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

touch'-y.    Irascible.    Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

tough.  Laborious;  susceptible  of  great  tension;  a 
rowdy.  City-Country,  Cohesion-Looseness,  Dif- 
ficulty-Facility, Toughness-Brittleness. 

tough'-ness.  Tenacity.  Cohesion-Looseness,  Tough- 
ness-Brittleness. 


TOUGHNESS-BRITTLENESS. 


Cohesion.     The  state  of  holding  tightly  together.     See  Cohesion. 

Sequacity.     State  of  being  pliable. 

Strength.      The  ability  to  withstand  the  application  of  force  without 

tearing  apart. 
Stubbornness.     Tenacity  of  will.     See  Bigotry. 
Tenacity.     The  quality  of  a  body  by  which  it  resists  being  pulled  or 

forced  apart. 
Toughness.     Quality  of  being  susceptible  to  great  strain  or  tension 

without  breaking. 

Toughness — Denotations. 

Cartilage.     An  elastic  animal  tissue  of  firm  consistence. 

Gristle .     Cartilage. 

Leather.     The  skin  or  hide  of  an  animal  tanned  or  dressed  for  use. 

Toughness—  Verbs. 
Be  tenacious.     To  be  difficult  to  pull  apart. 
Resist  fracture.     To  overcome  a  power  that  tries  to  break. 

Toughness — Adjectives. 
Cartilaginous.     Tenacious,  like  cartilage. 
Coriaceous.     Resembling  leather  in  tenacity. 
Gristly.     Tough,  like  gristle. 
Leathery.     Of  the  tenacity  of  leather. 
Resisting.     Withstanding;  tenacious. 
Sequacious.     Ductile  and  pliable,  as  wire.     See  Nouns, 
Stringy.     Sinewy;  fibrous. 

Strong.     Having  the  power  to  withstand  force  without  tearing  apart. 
Stubborn.     Of  tenacious  purpose.     See  Bigotry. 
Tenacious.     Holding  fast;  adhesive. 
Tough.     Not  separated  easily. 
Tough  as  whit-leather.     Extremely  tenacious  and  hard  to  separate. 


BRITTLENESS— Adjectives— Continued  from  Column  a. 

Lacerable.     Capable  of  being  torn. 

Shivery.     Easily  falling  into  pieces. 

Short.     Brittle-  friable. 

Splintery.     Breaking  into  splinters. 

Splitting.     Causing  to  split;  bursting.     See  Verbs. 


Brittleness.     State  of  being  brittle.     See  Adjectives. 

Fissility.     The  quality  of  being  fissile,  or  easily  split  into  layers.     See 

Adjectives. 
Fragility.     Liability  to  be  broken. 
FrangifcUity.     The  quality  of  being  easily  broken. 
Friability.     The  state  of  being  brittle  and  reducible  to  powder. 

Brittleness — Denotations. 
House  of  cards.  \  Anything  that  is  very  liable  to  fall  or  break  to 
House  of  glass.  J       pieces. 

Brittleness — Verbs. 
Be  brittle.     To  be  liable  to  break.     See  Adjectives. 
Break.     Separate  into  parts. 
Break  short.     To  break  violently;  snap. 
Burst.     To  break  open  violently. 
Crack.     To  break  partially. 
Crumble.     To  break  into  small  pieces. 
Crumble  into  dust.  I  «,    .        .         ,      .    ,.   .     ,     . 
Crumble  to  dust.    /  To  break  and  gnnd  into  dust* 
Fall  to  pieces.     To  break  into  small  parts. 
Fly.     To  part  violently;  to  burst  into  pieces. 
Give  way.     To  break,  as  under  a  weight. 

Live  in  8  glass  house.  Figurative  for  being  open  to  attack;  such  per- 
sons should  not  throw  stones. 
Shiver.     To  break  suddenly  into  small  pieces. 
Snap.     To  break  with  a  sudden  crack. 
Splinter.     To  split  into  fragments. 
Split.     To  tear  apart  longitudinally. 

Brittleness — Adjectives. 
Brittle.     Liable  to  break. 
Brittle  as  glass.     As  easy  to  break  as  glass. 
Crimp.     Crumbled  easily;  brittle. 
Crisp.     Easily  crumbled. 
Fissile.     Easily  split. 
Fragile.     Easily  broken. 
Frail.     So  constituted  as  to  be  broken  easily. 
Frangible.     Capable  of  being  broken. 
Gtmcrack.     Cheap,  showy,  and  frail. 

{Continued  on  Column  i.) 


toujours  perdrix  [F.]  (tu-zhur/  per-dri/).  Always  part- 
ridges; no  change.  Desire-Repletion,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Recurrence. 

tou-pee'.    A  little  tuft.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

tour.    A  journey.    Traveling-Navigation. 

tour'-ist.  One  who  makes  a  tour.  Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

tour'-na-ment.  A  contest.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Strife-Peace. 

tour'-ni-quet.  A  medical  instrument  for  stopping  the 
flow  of  blood.    Perforator-Stopper. 

tour-nure'.  Outline.  Appearance-Disappearance, 
Outline. 


toumure,  belle  [F.]  (tur-nur',  bel).  Beautiful  form 
Beauty-Ugliness. 

tours  de  force  [F.]  (tur  de  fors).  A  feat  of  strength  or 
skill.  Action  -  Passiveness,  Craft-  Artlessness, 
Pomp,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

tous  les  rapports,  sous  [F.]  (tu  le  ra-por7,  su).  In  all 
respects.     Truth-Error. 

touse.     To  stir  up,  as  a  row.    Push-Pull. 

tou'-sle.  To  tangle;  confuse.  Organization-Disor- 
ganization. 

tout.  To  solicit  patronage.  Petition  -  Expostula- 
tion. 


TOUT-A-L'HEURE. 


1072 


TRAINING. 


tout-h-l'heure  [F.]  (tut'-a-lur') .  Instantly.  Eternity- 
Instantaneity. 

tout  an  conlraire[F.]  (tut  o  con--trer').  Everything  to 
the  contrary.  Assertion-Denial,  Sameness-Con- 
trast. 

tout  court  [F.]  (tucur).  To  be  at  a  stand.  Movement- 
Rest. 

tout  ensemble    [F.]     (tut   an--san'bl').  The   whole. 

Whole-Part. 

lout  ouirance  [F.]  (tut  u-trcnvs').  To  the  utmost. 
Magnitude-Smallness. 

tout'-er.  One  who  solicits  patronage.  Consignee, 
Flatterer-Depamer,  Petitioner. 

tow.  To  drag  through  the  water.  Push-Pull;  take 
in  tow,  Obstruction-Help,  Push-Pull. 

to'-ward-ly.    Docile.    Difficulty-Facility. 

to-wards.  Leading  to;  facing.  Aim-Aberration; 
draw  towards,  Attraction-Repulsion;  move  to- 
wards, Approach-Withdrawal. 

tow'-el.  A  cloth  for  drying;  to  thrash.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Recompense-Punition. 

tow'-er.  A  very  tall  structure;  to  soar;  a  citadel.  Ar- 
chitecture, Ascent-Descent,  Attack-Defense, 
Creation  -  Destruction,  Dweller-  Habitation, 
Height-Lowness,  Mutability-Stability;  tower  of 
strength,  Attack-Defense,  Dominance-Impotence. 

tow'-er-ing.  Lofty.  Greatness-Littleness,  Height- 
Lowness,  Magnitude-Smallness;  towering  pas- 
sion, Favorite-Anger. 

town.  A  collection  of  dwellings.  City-Country, 
Dweller-  Habitation,  Society- Ludicrousn  ess; 
all  over  the  town,  Tidings-Mystery;  man  about 
town,  Society-Dandy;  on  the  town,  Purity-Impu- 
rity; talk  of  the  town,  Conversation-Monologue, 
Reputation- Discredit;  town  hall,  Tribunal; 
town  talk,  Conversation-Monologue,  Tidings- 
Mystery. 

town'-ship.  A  division  of  a  county.  Extension-Dis- 
trict, Measure. 

towns'-man.    A  fellow  citizen.     Dweller-Habitation. 

tow'-path".  A  path  along  any  body  of  water,  used  by 
horses,  etc.,  in  towing  boats.     Way. 

tox'-ic.      Pertaining     to     poison.      Healthiness-Un- 

HEALTHINESS. 

tox"-i-col'-o-gy.  The  science  of -poisons.  Remedy- 
Bane. 

tox-oph'-i-lite.    One  devoted  to  archery.    Push-Pull. 

toy.  A  plaything;  to  trifle;  dalliance.  Blandish- 
ment, Consequence-Insignificance,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness; toy  dog,  Fauna-Flora. 

toy'-shop".  A  shop  for  the  sale  of  toys.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 

tracasseric  [F.]  (tra-cas-ri') .  Treachery.  Variance- 
Accord. 

trace.  To  follow.  Delineation-Caricature,  Dis- 
covery, Investigation-Answer,  Mark-Oblitera- 
tion, Sign;  trace  tack,  Future-Past,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness;  trace  out,  Discovery; 
trace  to,  Rationale-Luck;  trace  up,  Investigation- 
Answer. 

tra'-ce-ry.  Ornamental  work  of  ramifying  lines.  Arch- 
itecture, Crossing,  Curvation-Rectilinearity, 
Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

tra'-ces.     Parts  of  a  set  of  harness.     Connective. 

tra'-che-a.     The  windpipe.     Watercourse-Airpipe. 

tra'-cing.  That  which  is  traced.  Delineation-Cari- 
cature. 

track.  To  trace;  trail.  Investigation- Answer, 
Mark-Obliteration,  Way. 

track'-less.  Untrodden.  Difficulty-Facility,  Ex- 
tension-District. 

tract.  An  extended  area;  a  short  treatise.  Essay, 
Extension-District,  Missive-Publication;  tract 
of  time,  Period-Progress. 


tract'-a-ble.  Docile;  readily  worked.  Difficulty. 
Facility,  Hardness-Softness,  Readiness-Reluc- 
tance. 

Trac-ta'-ri-an.  A  member  of  the  High-church  party  in 
England.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

Trac-ta'-ri-an-ism.  The  doctrines  of  the  Tractariar.s. 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

tract'-ate.  A  short  treatise.  Essay,  Missive-Publi- 
cation. 

trac-ta'-tion.     Discussion.     Essay. 

trac'-tile.    Ductile.     Hardness-Softness,  Push-Pull. 

trac-til'-i-ty.     Ductility.     Hardness-Softness. 

trac'  tion.  The  act  of  drawing.  Aim-Aberration, 
Push-Pull. 

trade.  Exchange;  mercantile  traffic.  Exchange, 
Occupation;  drive  a  trade,  Occupation;  learn  one's 
trade,  Education-Learning;  trade  with,  Exchange; 
tricks  of  the  trade,  Craft-Artlessness;  two  of  a 
trade,  Antagonism-Concurrence. 

trade'-mark".  A  mark  to  distinguish  a  merchant's 
goods.     Sign. 

tra'-der.     One  who  trades.     Dealer. 

trades'-man.     A  shopkeeper.     Dealer. 

trade'-un"-ion.  An  association  of  workmen.  Asso- 
ciation. 

trade'-wind".  A  wind  on  the  sea  which  is  sought  by 
traders.     River-Wind. 

tra-di'-tion.  The  transmission  of  knowledge  by  word 
of  mouth.     Account,  Novelty-Antiquity. 

tra-di'-tion-al.  Belonging  to  tradition.  Account, 
Novelty- Antiquity. 

tra-di'-tion-a-ry.    Founded  on  tradition.    Account. 

tra-duce'.      To  slander.      Adulation-Disparagement. 

tra-du'-cer.  One  who  slanders.  Flatterer  -  De- 
famer. 

traf'-fic.     Trade.     Exchange. 

tra-ge'-di-an.     An  actor.     Acting. 

tra"-ge"-dienne'.     An  actress  of  tragedy.     Acting. 

trag'-e-dy.  A  drama  in  which  a  fatal  event  occurs 
Acting,  Good-Evil. 

trag'-ic.     Pertaining  to  tragedy.     Acting. 

trag'-ic-al.  Involving  death.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

trag"-i-com'-e-dy.  A  drama  of  tragic  and  comic 
scenes.     Acting. 

trag"-i-com'-ic  That  which  is  both  tragic  and  comic. 
Society-Ludicrousness. 

trail.  To  follow;  to  drag  after;  a  track.  Investiga- 
tion-Answer, Mark-Obliteration,  Odor-Inodor- 
ousness,  Predecessor-Continuation,  Push-Pull, 
Suspension-Support,  Swiftness-Slowness;  follow 
in  the  trail  of,  Leading-Following;  trail  of  a  red 
herring,  Motive-Caprice. 

train.  To  educate;  discipline;  anything  drawn  out ;  a 
retinue.  Acting,  Anteriority-Posteriority,  Con- 
tinuity-Interruption, Conveyance-Vessel,  Do- 
mestication-Agriculture, Education-Miste  ach- 
ing, Habit-Desuetude,  Leading-Following,  Pre- 
decessor-Continuation, Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration,  Push-Pull,  Suspension-Support;  bring 
in  its  train,  Motive-Caprice;  in  the  train  of,  Chief- 
Underling,  Leading-Following;  in  train,  Prepa- 
ration-Nonpreparation;  lay  a  train,  Design, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation;  put  in  train,  Prep- 
aration-Nonpreparation;  siege-train,  Weapon; 
train  of  reasoning,  Ratiocination-Instinct;  train 
of  thought,  Reflection- Vacancy. 

train'-band".     A  militia  organization.     Belligerent. 

train'-bear"-er.  An  attendant  who  carries  the  train. 
Chief-Underling. 

trained.     Educated.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

train'-er.  One  who  trains.  Domestication-Agri- 
culture, lNSTRUCTt)R-PuPIL,  Wa YFARER-SeaFARER. 

train'-ing.        Education.        Education-Misteaching. 


TRAINING. 


1073 


TRANSCURSION— SHORTCOMING. 


Habit- Desuetude,  Preparation  Nonprepara- 
tion. 

train'-oil".  Oil  from  the  fat  of  whales.  Pulpiness- 
Oil. 

traipse.     A  saunter.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

trait.  A  characteristic.  Account,  Appearance- 
Disappearance,  Sign,  Universality-Particular- 
ity. 

trai'-tor.  A  betrayer.  Insubordination-Obedience, 
Uprightness-Rogue. 

trajec'-tion.  A  throwing  over  or  through.  Admis- 
sion-Expulsion. 

tra-ject'-o-ry.     The  path  of  a  projectile.     Way. 

tral"-a-ti'-tious.     Legendary.     Trope. 

tra-lin'-e-ate.     To  deviate.     Aim-Aberration. 

tra-lu'-cent.  Allowing  light  to  pass  through.  Diaph- 
aneity-Opaqueness. 

tram.     A  street-car.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

tram'-mel.  m  An  impediment.  Obstruction-Help, 
Release-Prison,  Release-Restraint;  cast  tram- 
mels off,  Release-Restraint. 

tra-mon'-tane.  Beyond  the  mountains.  Constitu- 
ent-Alien, Remoteness-Nearness,  River-Wind, 
Taste- Vulgarity. 

tramp.  To  walk  with  heavy  steps;  to  wander;  a 
vagabond.  Gentility-Commonalty,  Traveling- 
Navigation,  Wayfarer-Seafarer;  on  the  tramp, 
Movement- Rest. 

tramp'-er.  One  who  or  that  which  tramps.  Way- 
farer-Seafarer. 

tram'-ple.  Tread  under  foot.  Trample  in  the  dust, 
Creation  -  Destruction,  Elevation  -  Depression  ; 
trample  out,  Creation  Destruction;  trample  under 
foot,  Creation-Destruction,  Duty-Dereliction, 
Harshness  -  Mildness,  Observance  -  Nonobser- 
vance,  Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Regard- 
Scorn,  Reputation-Discredit,  Success-Failure; 
trample  upon,  Goodness-Badness,  Harshness- 
Mildness. 

tram'-road".      A  street-railroad.     Way. 

tram'-way".     A  street-railroad.     Way. 

trance.  A  state  of  insensibility.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Fancy,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

tranchant  [F.]  (tran'-shan'').  Decisive.  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation. 

tran'-quil.        Quiet.        Strife-Peace,    Turbulence- 


Calmness,    Variance-Accord;    tranquil  mind,  Ex- 

CITABI  LIT  Y-lN  EXCITABILITY. 

tran"-quil-i-za'-tion.  The  act  of  tranquilizing,  or 
state  of  being  tranquilized.  Turbulence  -  Calm- 
ness, 

tran'-quil-ize.  To  soothe.  Fighting-Conciliation, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

tran-quil'-li-ty.  A  state  of  rest.  Movement-Rest, 
Strife-Peace. 

trans-act'.  To  do  business.  Action-Passiveness, 
Conduct;  transact  business,  Occupation  ;  transact 
business  with,  Exchange. 

trans-ac'-tion.  The  management  of  an  affair.  Action- 
Passiveness,  Conduct,  Occurrence-Destiny. 

trans-ac'-tions.  The  reports  of  societies.  Transactions 
of,  Mark-Obliteration. 

trans-al'-pine.  Across  the  Alps.  Remoteness-Near- 
ness 

trans-an"-i-ma'-tion.  Transmigration  of  souls.  Muta- 
tion-Permanence. 

trans"-at-lan'-tic.  Across  the  Atlantic.  Remoteness- 
Nearness. 

trans-ca'-len-cy.  The  property  of  conducting  heat. 
Heating-Cooling. 

tran-scend'.  To  surpass.  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness,  Goodness-Badness,  Magnitude-Smallness, 
Supremacy-  Subordinacy,  Transcursion  -  Short- 
coming. 

tran-scend'-ence.  Act  or  quality  of  surpassing.  Fault- 
lessness-Faultiness.Transcursion-Shortcoming. 

tran-scend'-en-cy.  Surpassing  eminence.  Excess- 
Lack. 

tran-scend'-ent.  Surpassing.  Reputation-Discredit, 
Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

tran"-scen-den'-tal.  Of  very  high  degree.  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity, Universality- Particularity. 

tran"-scen-den'-tal-ism.  That  which  is  vague.  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity, Mind-Imbecility. 

trans'-co-late.     To  filter.     Entrance-Exit. 

tran-scribe'.  To  copy.  Imitation-Originality, 
Writing- Printing. 

tran'-script.  A  copy.  Copy-Model,Writing-Printing. 

tran-scrip'-tion.  A  copying.  Copy-Model,  Imita- 
tion-Originality, Writing-Printing. 

trans-cur'-sion.  Overrunning.  Transcursion-Short- 
coming. 


TRANSCURSION— SHORTCOMING. 


Encroachment.     Intrusion  on  the  rights  of  another. 
Extravagation.     A  wandering  beyond  limits. 
Infringement.     Act  of  infringing;  transgression. 
Redundance.     Excess,  superabundance.     See  Excess. 
Transcendence.     Exaggeration. 
Transcursion.     A  passage  over  bounds. 
Transgression.     The  act  of  passing  beyond  any  law. 
Transilience.     A  leap  from  one  thing  to  another. 
Tiespass.      Infringement;  transgression. 

Transcursion — Verbs. 
Beat.     To  surpass. 
Beit  hollow.     To  greatly  surpass 

Come  to  the  front.     To  take  the  most  advanced  position. 
Distance.     To  greatly  excel. 
Encroach.     To  enter  gradually  or  stealthily  into  the  possessions  of 

another. 
Exceed.     To  go  beyond;  surpass. 
Go  beyond.     To  surpass;  overreach. 
Goby.     To  pass  over;  omit. 
Infringe.     To  encroach  upoi.. 
Intrench  on.     To  trespass  on. 
Leave  in  the  lurch.     To  leave  behind;  to  forsake. 
Leave  in  the  rear.     To  leave  behind;  to  surpass 
Outdo.     To  excel;  surpass. 
Outgo.     To  go  beyond. 
Outjump.     To  surpass  in  jumping. 
Outleap.     To  surpass  in  leaping. 
Outride.     To  surpass  in  riding. 

68 


Defalcation.     A  deducting;  fraudulent  appropriation  of  money. 

Default.     A  failure  in  an  obligation  or  duty. 

Failure.  The  act  of  failing;  non-performance.  See  Success-Fail- 
ure. 

Falling  short.     A  proving  deficient.     See  Verbs. 

Imperfection.  Lack  of  completeness.  See  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness. 

Incompleteness.  Want  of  completeness;  a  deficiency  in  some  of  its 
parts.     See  Entirety-Deficiency. 

Insufficiency.  Want  of  sufficiency;  inadequateness.  See  Excess- 
Lack  . 

Labor  in  vain.     A  labor  that  accomplishes  nothing. 

Leeway.     A  gradual  falling  behind  or  away  from  a  set  course. 

No  go.     No  use. 

Non-completion.     Failure    of    completion.     See    Completion-Non- 

COMPLETION. 

Shortcoming.     A  failure  in  duty;  a  failing  of  the  usual  quantity. 

Shortcoming — Verbs, 
Break  down.     To  fail  in  an  undertaking. 
Cave  in.     To  yield. 
Collapse.     To  fall  in  or  fail. 
Come  short.      \  ™    , 
Come  short  of.  / 

Come  to  nothing.     To  fail  completely. 
End  in  smoke.     To  fail. 

Fail.     To  prove  inadequate  ,  to  be  found  wanting. 
Fall  short.      \  ™  .  -  .     . 

Fall  short  of  J  To  prove  deficient- 


>  be  deficient. 


TRANSCURSION. 


1074 


TRANSFER. 


TRANSCURSION— SHORTCOMING— Continued. 


TRANSCURSION— Verbs— Continued. 

Outrival.     To  surpass  or  excel  in  rivalry 

Outrun.     To  surpass  in  running. 

Outstep.     To  surpass  in  stepping.     " 

Outstrip.     To  excel,  surpass. 

Overgo.     To  exceed;  surpass. 

Overjump.     To  omit. 

Overlap.     To  He  or  be  folded  partly  upon. 

Overleap.     To  leap  over,  hence,  to  omit. 

Overpass.     To  omit;  disregard. 

Overreach.     To  reach  too  far;  cheat. 

Override.     To  supersede. 

Overshoot  the  mark.     To  venture  too  far. 

Overskip.     To  jump  over. 

Overstep.     To  transgress. 

Pass.     To  go  by. 

Pass  the  Rubicon.     To  take  a  decisive  step. 

Shoot  ahead  of.     To  outstrip,  surpass. 

Show  in  front.     To  be  in  the  lead 

Soar.     To  fly  aloft.     See  Ascent. 

Steal  a  march  upon.     To  gain  an  advantage  stealthily. 

Strain.     To  carry  beyond  the  proper  limit. 

Strain  a  point.     To  exceed  one  s  duty. 

Stretch  a  point.     To  carry  beyond  the  truth. 

Surmount.     To  overcome,  surpass. 

Surpass.     To  excel,  go  beyond  in  anything  good  or  bad. 

Throw  into  the  shade.     To  surpass  utterly. 

Transcend.     Togo  beyond:  excel. 

Transgress.     To  pass  beyond,  infringe. 

Trench  upon.     To  encroach  upon. 

Trespass.     To  pass  beyond  a  limit;  transgress. 

Transcursion — Adjective. 
Surpassing.     Going  beyond.     See  Verbs. 

Transcursion — Adverbs,  etc. 
Ahead.     At  the  head,  in  advance. 
Beyond  the  mark.     Without  the  limit. 


SHORTCOMING— Verbs— Continued. 


Fall  through.  1  T    ,  .. 

Fall  to  the  ground./  10  Iau" 

Keep  within  bounds.    "| 

Keep  within  compass.  >To  limit  or  restrain. 

Keep  within  the  mark. ' 

Lose  ground.     To  fall  back. 

Miss  stays.     To  fail  in  an  attempt  to  tack  a  ship 

Miss  the  mark.     To  fail  to  accomplish. 

Not  reach.     To  fail  in  an  attempt. 

Stick  in  the  mud.     To  be  hindered  or  defeated  in  one's  attempts. 

StcD  short  of  J  ^°  ^"*  a^ter  an-nost  accomplishing. 
Want.     To  be  insufficient ;  fall  short. 

Shortcomi  n  g — Adjectives . 

Deficient.     Lacking  in  necessary  qualities. 
Minus.     Deprived  of.  , 

Out  of  depth.     Beyond  one's  power. 

Perfunctory,     Done  carelessly;  negligent.     See  Carefulness-Car» 
lessness. 


Short.      \ 
tot  J 


Deficient  in. 


Short  c 

Unreached .     Unattained . 


**   Shortcoming — Adverbs,  etc. 

Behindhand.     Behind  a  proper  stage  of  progress;  late. 

Far  from  it.     Failing. 

Reinfecta  [L.l     The  work  being  unfinished. 

To  no  purpose.     Without  accomplishing  anything. 

Within  bounds.     "1 

Within  compass.  >■  Limited;  restrained. 

Within  the  mark. ) 


Shortcoming — Phrase. 


The  bubble  bursts. 


tran'-sept.     A  part  of  a  cruciform  church.     Fane. 

trans-fer'.  To  remove  from  one  place  to  another. 
Establishment-Removal. 

trans'-fer.  A  removal  from  one  place,  person,  or  con- 
dition to  another.     Alienation,  Transfer. 

TRANSFER. 

Amotion.     Removal,  as  from  office. 

Carriage.     A  transportation. 

Carrying.     The  act  of  transporting  from  one  place  to  another 

Cartage,  j  Carriage 


or  conveyance  as  in  a  cart. 


Carting. 

Conduction.     Transmission;  transportation. 

Contagion.     Transference  of  disease. 

Convection.     The  act  of  conveying. 

Conveyance .     Transportation ;  transmission. 

Deportation.     The  act  of  transferring. 

Dispersion.     The  act  of  dispersing.     See  Gathering-Scattering. 

Displacement.     The  act  of  transferring  from  its  place. 

Dodging.     Transference  with  a  sudden  start. 

Draft.     The  act  of  drawing. 

Drift.     A  driving  or  carrying  onward  by  a  current. 

Elocation.  A  transference  from  the  usual  place  of  residence;  dis- 
placement. 

Extradition.  The  surrender  by  a  government  of  a  person  accused 
of  crime  to  a  government  within  whose  jurisdiction  the  crime  was 
committed. 

Ferry.     A  system  for  the  regular  transportation  of  passengers. 

Freight.     Transportation  as  by  freight. 

Gestation.     The  act  of  carrying  young  in  the  uterus. 

Metastasis  [Gr  ]  A  transference  of  a  disease  from  one  part  to 
another 

Metathesis  [Gr  ].  A  transfer  of  letters  or  sounds  for  the  sake  of  eu- 
phony 

Passage.     Movement  from  one  place  to  another, 

Portage.     Carriage,  especially  of  boats  or  stores. 

Porterage .     Transportation . 

Relegation.     The  act  of  transferring  to  an  obscure  position. 

Remotion.     Transference. 

Removal.     The  act  of  removing. 

Shifting.     Transfer  of  place,  form,  or  character. 


Shipment.     The  act  of  shipping  anything. 

Shoveling.     Moving  or  gathering  with  a  shovel.     See  Verbs. 

Traction.  The  act  of  drawing  or  state  of  being  drawn.  See  Push- 
Pull. 

Transfer.  The  act  of  removing  or  causing  to  pass  from  one  person  or 
place  to  another.     See  Alienation. 

Transference .     Transfer . 

Transit.     The  act  of  carrying  across  or  through. 

Transition.     Passage  from  one  place,  condition,  or  action  to  another. 

Translation.     Transference  from  one  language  to  another. 

Translocation.      A  transfer  of  things  from  one  place  to  another. 

Transmission.     The  act  of  passing  from  one  to  another 

Transplantation.  The  act  of  transferring  and  planting  in  another 
place. 

Transport.     A  transfer  from  one  place  to  another 

Transportation.  Carriage  of  persons  or  commodities  from  one  place 
to  another. 

Transposition.  Transfer  of  things,  each  in  the  place  of  another.  See 
Commutation-Permutation. 

Transumption.     The  act  of  taking  from  one  place  to  another 

Vection .       "| 

Vectitation.  >The  act  of  carrying. 

Vecture.       J 

Wafting.     A  carrying,  as  by  the  air  or  water. 

Transfer — Verbs 

Bear.     To  convey;  carry. 

Bring.     To  convey  or  carry  toward  the  place  where  the  speaker  i« 

Carry.     To  transfer  from  one  place  to  another. 

Carry  over.     To  transport. 

Conduct.     To  manage;  carry  on. 

Consign.     To  transfer  into  the  care  of  another. 

Convey.     To  transfer  from  one  to  another,  transport. 

Convoy.     To  convey. 

Decant.     To  transfer  gently,  as  liquor. 

Delegate.     To  transfer  or  entrust  authority  or  rifjht  to  act. 

Deliver.     To  transfer  from  evil  orinjury. 

Displace.     To  transfer  from  its  place. 

Draft  off.     To  draw  off 

Drag.     To  pull  along  by  main  fnrce. 

Embark.     To  go  on  board  a  boat. 

Ferry  over.     To  convey  on  a  float  over  a  body  of  water. 

Fetch.     To  bring. 


TRANSFER. 


1075 


TRANSMISSION. 


Fetch  and  carry.     To  perform  menial  tasks,  as  a  dog. 

Hand  forward.     To  transmit. 

Ladle.     To  transfer  with  a  ladle. 

Pass  forward.     To  advance. 

Reach.     To  transfer  to  another;  extend  to. 

Relegate.     To  transfer;  send  into  exile. 

Send.     To  cause  to  be  transferred. 

Shift.     To  transfer  from  one  place  to  another. 

Ship.     To  transfer  by  carriage  on  a  ship. 

Shovel.     To  transfer  by  shoveling. 

Shunt.     To  transfer  to  one  side. 

Throw.     To  fling  hurl,  or  cast  forth.     See  Push. 

Transfer,     The  act  of  removing  from  one  place  to  another. 

Transfuse.     To  transfer  by  pouring,  as  a  fluid. 

Transmit.     To  send  through  jr  hand  down ;  transfer. 

Transplace.     To  transfer  from  one  place  to  another. 

Transplant.     To  transfer  and  plant  in  another  place. 

Transport.     To  transfer  or  carry  from  one  place  to  another. 

Transpose.     To  change  in  place  or  order. 

Transpossess.  To  change  from  one  ownership  to  another.  See  Com- 
mutation-Permutation. 

Turn  over  to.     To  put  in  other  control. 

Waft.  To  transfer  gently  and  lightly  with  a  fluctuating  motion  in  a 
buoyant  medium. 

Transfer — Adjectives. 

Contagious.     Transferable  by  contact. 

Drifted.     Carried  along  gently  or  unconsciously. 

Efferent.     Carrying  outward. 

Movable.     Capable  of  being  transferred. 

Portable.     Readily  removed  from  one  place  to  another. 

Portative.     Capable  of  carrying. 

Transferred.     Removed  to  another  place.     See  Verbs. 

Transfer — Adverbs,  etc. 
As  one  goes.     On  the  way. 
By  the  way.     Along  one's  route  or  way. 
Chcmin  faisant  [F  j.     By  the  way. 
En  passant  [F  ]      In  passing. 
En  route  [F  }     On  the  way. 

From  hand  to  hand.     From  one  person  to  another. 
From  pillar  to  post.     Hither  and  thither. 
In  mid-progress.     In  the  midst  of  the  way. 
In  transitu  [J*.].     On  the  passage. 
On  the  road.") 

On  the  way.  J- Going  from  one  place  to  another. 
On  the  wing.) 

trans-fer'-ence.  The  act  of  transferring.  Mutation- 
Permanence,  Transfer. 

trans-fig"-ur-a'-tion.  The  act  of  being  made  glorious. 
Ceremonial,  Mutation-Permanence. 

trans-fig'-ure.  To  make  glorious.  Mutation-Perma- 
nence. 

trans-fix'.     To  pierce  through.     Aperture-Closure. 

trans-fixed'.     Impaled.     Mutability-Stability. 

trans-form'.  Metamorphose.  Mutation-Perma- 
nence. 

trans"-for-ma'-tion.     A  change.     Acting. 

trans-fuse'.  To  pour  from  one  vessel  to  another. 
Mixture-Homogeneity,  Transfer;  transfuse  the 
sense  of,  Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 

fcrans-fu'-sion.  A  pouring  out.  Mixture-Homoge- 
neity. 

trans-gress'.  To  overpass;  violate.  Duty-Derelic- 
tion, Observance-Nonobser vance,  Transcur- 
sion-Shortcoming,  Virtue-Vice. 

trans-gres'-sion.        Sin.        Duty-Dereliction,   Inno- 

CBNCE-GUILT,  TRANSCURSION-SHORTCOMING. 

transi  de  froid  [F.]  (tran--si'  de  frwa) .  Benumbed  with 
cold.     Heat-Cold. 

tran'-sient.  Passing.  Lastingness-Transientness, 
Mutability-Stability. 

tran'-sient- ness.  The  quality  of  being  transient.  Last- 
ingness-Transientness, Mutability-Stability. 

tran-sil'-i-ence.  A  leap  to.  Revolution,  Transcur- 
sion-Shortcoming. 

trans'-it.  Passage ;  surveying  instrument.  Astron- 
omy, Conversion-  Reversion,  Mensuration, 
Movement-Rest,  Transfer. 


transit  gloria  tnundi,  sic  [L.]  (tran'-sit  glo'-ri-a  mun'- 
dai,  sic).  So  passes  the  glory  of  the  world.  Repu- 
tation-Discredit, Welfare-Misfortune. 

trans-i'-tion.     Change.     Conversion,  Transfer. 

trans-i'-tion-al.  Transient;  changing,  Conversion- 
Reversion,  Movement-Rest,  Mutation-Perma- 
nence. 

trans'-i-tive.         Expressing    action.  Lastingness- 

Transientness. 

trans'-i-to-ry.  Short-lived.  Lastingness-Tran- 

sientness. 

transitu,  tn  [L.]  (tran'-si-tiu,  in).  On  the  passage. 
Advance  -  Retrogression,  Lastingness  -  Tran- 
sientness,  Transfer,  Traveling  -  Navigation. 
Way. 

trans-late'.  To  interpret;  to  transform.  Church, 
Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 

trans-la'-tion.  The  act  of  translating.  Church, 
Heaven-  Hell,  Interpretation  -  Misinterpreta- 
tion, Transfer. 

trans"-lo-ca/-tioh.  A  shifting  of  position.  Diapha- 
neity-Opaqueness, Transfer. 

trans-lu'-cence.  The  quality  of  allowing  light  to  pass 
through.      Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

trans-lu'-cen-cy.  The  state  of  being  translucent. 
Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

trans"-ma-rine'.  Beyond  the  sea.  Remoteness- 
Nearness. 

trans"-mi-gra'-tion.  The  act  of  transmigrating.  Con- 
version-Reversion, Mutation-Permanence. 

trans-mis'-sion.  Sent  across.  Alienation,  Trans- 
fer, Transmission. 

TRANSMISSION. 

Egress.     A  going  out,  as  of  a  building.     See  Entrance-Exit. 

Infiltration.  The  transmission  of  liquid  through  a  cleansing  mate- 
rial. 

Ingress.     A  coming  in.     See  Concentration-Radiation. 

Intercurrence.     A  running  between. 

Interpenetration.     Mutual  penetration. 

Journey.     A  passage  from  one  place  to  another.     See  Traveling. 

Opening.     The  act  of  opening. 

Passage.     A  going  through  or  over. 

Penetration.     A  passing  into  the  interior  parts  of. 

Permeation.     An  entrance  into  the  pores  of. 

Transmission.     The  act  of  passing  across. 

Transudation.     The  act  of  passing  through,  as  of  a  membrane. 

Voyage.     A  passage  through  the  water  as  in  a  ship. 
Transmission — Nouns  of  Means, 

Conduit.     A  means  for  transmitting  water. 

Path.     A  beaten  walk.     See  Way. 

Transmission — Scientific  Nouns. 

Endosmose.  The  passage  of  a  fluid  or  gas  from  an  outside  vessel  to 
one  within  it. 

Eiosmose.  The  opposite  of  endosmose;  the  passage  of  a  liquid  or 
gas  from  an  inner  vessel  to  one  without. 

Transmission — Verbs. 

Cross.     To  pass  from  one  side  to  another. 

Enfilade.     To  rake  crosswise  with  shot. 

Ford.     To  cross  a  river  at  a  shallow  spot. 

Pass.     To  move  from  one  place  to  another. 

Penetrate.     To  go  into,  go  through,  as  the  pores.  ^ 

Perforate.     To  pierce  with  holes.     See  Aperture. 

Permeate.     To  pass  through  the  po»es. 

Thread.  To  pass  through  a  narrow  place,  as  a  thread  through  a 
needle's  eye. 

Thrid.     To  thread. 

Transmit.     To  send  across. 

Transverse.     To  change  from  prose  to  verse. 

Traverse.     To  move  back  and  forth,  or  across. 

Work.     To  make  progress  or  pass  through  a  change. 

Transmission — Verbal  Expressions. 
Clear  the  course;  cut  across;  cut  one's  way  through;  find  its  vent; 
rind  its  way;  force  a  passage;  force  one's  way;  go  across;  go  over; 
go  over  the  ground;  go  through;  make  a  passage ;  make  one's  way: 
make  way;  pass  and  repass;  passover;  passthrough;  thread  cne's 
way  through;  work  one's  way  through;  worm  one's  way  through. 


TRANSMISSION. 


1076 


TRAVELING— NAVIGATION. 


Transmission — Adjectives. 
Intercurrent.     Running  amongst. 
Passing.     Going  from  point  to  point.     See  Verbs. 

Transmission — Adverb. 
En  passant  IF.).     In  passing.     See  Transfer. 

trans-mit'.  To  send  through  or  across.  Transmit 
light,  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

trans-mog'-ri-fy.  To  transform.  Mutation-Perma- 
nence. 

trans"-mu-ta'-tion.  Changing  the  state  of.  Conver- 
sion-Reversion, Mutation-Permanence. 

tra'n'-som.  A  window  above  a  door.  Suspension- 
Support. 

trans-par'-ence.  The  property  of  transmitting  light. 
Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

trans-par'-en-cy.  The  property  of  being  transparent. 
Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

trans-par'-ent.  Easy  to  see  through.  Clearness- 
Obscurity,  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

tran-spic'-u-ous.  Transparent;  obvious.  Clearness- 
Obscurity,  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

trans-pierce'.  To  pierce  through.  Aperture-Clo- 
sure. 

tran-spire'.  Exhale;  become  known.  Exposure- 
Hidingplace,  Liquefaction-Volatilization,  Mani- 
festation-Latency, Tidings-Mystery. 

trans-place'.     To  remove.     Transfer. 

trans-plant'i     To  plant  in  another  place.     Transfer. 

tran-splen'-dent.  Resplendent  in  the  highest  degree. 
Light-Darkness. 

trans-pon'-tine.  Beyond  the  bridge.  Remoteness- 
Nearness. 

trans-port'.  To  carry  across;  enraptured;  a  govern- 
ment vessel.  Belligerent,  Conveyance-Vessel, 
Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness,  Pleasure  -  Pain, 
Recompense-Punition,  Transfer;  transport  of 
love,  Love-Hate. 

trans"-por-ta'-tion.  Conveyance.  Exculpation-Pu- 
nition. 

trans-pose'.  Interchange;  to  play  on  a  different  key. 
Commutation-Permutation,  Melody-Dissonance, 
Reversal,  Transfer. 

trans"-pc-si'-tion.  A  change  of  position.  Commuta- 
tion-Permutation, Establishment-Removal,  Re- 
versal. 

tran"-sub-stan"-ti-a'-tion.  A  change  of  substance. 
Ceremonial,  Mutation-Permanence. 


tran"-su-da'-tion.  Passage  through  the  pores.  En- 
trance-Exit, Transmission. 

tran-sude'.  To  pass  through  the  pores.  Entrance- 
Exit. 

tran-sume'.     To  convert.     Mutation-Permanence. 

tran-sump'-tion.     The  act  of  transporting.     Transfer. 

trans-ver -sal.  Running  across.  Parallelism-In- 
clination. 

trans-verse'.  Athwart.  Crossing,  Parallelism-In- 
clination. 

trans-verse'-ly.     Lying  athwart.     Crossing. 

trans-ver'-sion.     A  crossing  over.     Crossing. 

trant'-er.     A  pedler.     Conveyer. 

trap.  A  snare;  a  carriage.  Acting,  Aperture-Clo 
sure,  Conveyance- Vessel,  Craft-Artlessness, 
Exposure-Hidingplace,  Refuge-Pitfall,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud; fall  into  a  trap,  Gull-Deceiver, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  lay  a  trap  for,  Security-In- 
security, Truthfulness-Fraud;  trap,  bat,  and  ball, 
Entertainment- Weariness. 

tra-pan'.     A  snare.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

trap'-door".  A  door  in  a  floor.  Aperture-Closure, 
Refuge-Pitfall,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

trapes.     A  tramp.     Adept-Bungler. 

trap'-e-zo-he'-dral.  Like  a  trapezohedron.  Mineral- 
ogy. 

trap'-pings.  Adornments.  Dress-Undress,  Embel- 
lishment- Disfigurement,  Increment- Remnant, 
Instrument. 

Trap'-pist.  A  member  of  a  Cistercian  order.  Minis- 
try-L^ity. 

traps.  Personal  effects.  Dress-Undress,  Prop- 
erty. 

trash.  Rubbish.  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Meaning-Jargon,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

trash'-y.  Worthless.  Consequence -Insignificance, 
Force-Weakness,  Meaning-Jargon. 

trau'-lism.  A  stammering.  Speech-Inarticulate, 
ness. 

trau-mat'-ic.  Pertaining  to  medication  for  wounds. 
Remedy-Bane. 

trav'-ail.  Labor  in  childbirth;  hard  labor.  Creation- 
Destruction,  Toil-Relaxation. 

trave.     A  shackle.     Suspension-Support. 

trav'-el.  To  journey.  Traveling- Navigation; 
travel  out  of  the  record,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

trav'-el-ing.  Making  a  tour.  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion. 


TRAVELING— NAVIGATION. 


Airing.     A  walk  or  ride  in  the  open  air. 

Ambulation.     The  act  of  walking. 

Campaigning.     Serving  with  an  army  on  its  marches,  etc. 

Circuit      A  journeying  round. 

Constitutional.     A  walk  taken  for  one's  health  or  constitution. 

Countermarching.     A  marching  back. 

Course.     Career  of  journeying. 

Demigration.     A  journey  out  of. 

Discursion.     A  journeving  about. 

Drive.     A  trip  in  a  carnage. 

Emigration.     A  journey  out  of. 

Equitation.     Riding  on  horseback. 

Excursion.     A  pleasure  journey. 

Expedition.     A  journey  for  some  purpose. 

Flit.     A  journeying  rapidly  about. 

Flitting.     Act  of  journeying  rapidly. 

Gadding.     Journeying  idly. 

Grand  tour.     Very  extensive  journey. 

Immigration.     A  journeying  into. 

Intermigration.     A  journeying  between. 

Jaunt.     A  short  journey. 

Journey.     Period  of  travel. 

March.     A  journey  on  toot  and  in  time,  as  of  soldiers. 

Marching.     Traveling  on  toot. 

Migration.     Act  of  journeying. 

Noctambulation.     Walking  in  sleep. 


Aeronautics.     That  branch  of  aerostatics  that  treats  of  navigating 

the  air. 
Aerostatics.     That  branch  of  pneumatics  that  treats  of  the  mficham- 

cal  properties  of  airs  and  gases  not  in  motion. 
Aerostation.     Art  of  raising  and  supporting  bodies  by  means  of  the 

air. 
Aquatics.     Water  sports. 
Balloonery.     A°ror.autics. 
Ballooning.     Air-voyaging  by  balloons. 
Boating.     Navigation  by  boats. 
Circumnavigation.     A  sailing  around. 
Cruise.     A  voyage  at  sea. 
Flight.     Act  of  flying. 
Flying.     Act  of  flight. 

Headway.     Forward  movement  of  a  vessel. 
Leeway.     The  lateral  drift  of  a  vessel. 
Natation.     Art  of  swimming. 
Navigation.     Art  of  navigating.     See  Verbs. 
Passage.     A  voyage. 
Periplus  [L.].     A  sailing  around. 
Sail.     Passage  in  a  sailing  vessel. 
Sternway.     The  backward  motion  of  a  vessel. 
Swimming.     Navigation  by  natural  means. 
Volitation.     Act  of  flying. 
Voyage.     A  journey  by  water. 
Yachting.     Sailing  in  a  yacht. 


TRAVELING. 


1077 


TRAVELING— NAVIGATION. 


TRAVELING—  NAVIGATION— Continued. 


|  An  excursion  on  horseback  or  in  a  vehicle. 


Nomadism.     Tendency  to  journey. 

Outing.     A  holiday  journeying. 

Perambulation.     A  walking  about  for  pleasure. 

Peregrination,     Journey  to  foreign  lands. 

Pererration.     A  rambling  journey. 

Pilgrimage.     A  long  journey,  often  to  some  sacred  place. 

Procession.     Act  of  journeying. 

Promenade.     A  walk  for  pleasure  or  exercise. 

Ramble.     An  aimless  journey. 

Ride. 

Riding.. 

Roving.     Aimless  journeying. 

Saunter.     A  walking  about  idly  or  in  a  leisurely  manner. 

Somnambulism.     A  walking  in  sleep. 

Stalk.     A  high,  proud,  stately  step  or  walk. 

Stroll.     An  idle  and  leisurely  walk. 

Tour.     A  journey  of  extent. 

Tramp.     A  foot  journey  or  excursion. 

Traveling.  >  Act  of  travelin*-     S^  Verbs- 

Trip.         A  short  journey. 

Turn.     A  walk  to  and  tro. 

Vagabondage.     The  condition  of  a  vagabond. 

Vagabondism.     State  of  continual  journeying  with  no  definite  home. 

Vagrancy.     Act  of  wandering  idly. 

Walk.     A  moving  on  the  feet  with  a  slow  pace. 

Wayfaring.     Journeying. 

Traveling — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Baedeker.     Guide-book  for  travelers. 
Bradshaw.     Bradshaw's  Railway  Guides. 
Caravan.     A  desert  convoy ;  any  company  on  a  journey. 
Cavalcade.     A  parade. 

Column.     A  body  of  troops  in  marching  order. 
Cortege.     A  train  of  attendants  on  a  journey. 
Feet.     The  parts  of  the  limbs  below  the  ankles. 
File.     Row  of  men  in  marching  order. 
Guide.     A  leader  on  a  journey. 
Handbook.     A  small  guide-book. 
Horsemanship.     Skill  in  managing  horses. 
Itinerary.     A  plan  of  a  journey. 
Jog-trot.     A  slow,  jolting  gait. 

Legs.     Limbs  of  an  animal  body  used  in  locomotion. 
Locomotive.     A  steam-engine. 
Manage  [F.].     Art  of  horsemanship. 
Murray.     Murray's  Guide-book. 

Pins  i  slangfor  kgs- 
Plan.     A  design  or  method  of  a  journey. 

Ride  and  tie.  Walking  and  riding  alternately  as  two  persons  do  shar- 
ing the  same  horse. 

Road-book.     A  guide-book  for  roads. 

Steam-engine.     Engine  deriving  its  power  from  steam. 

Traveler.     One  who  travels.     See  Wayfarer. 

Trek.     An  organized  migration. 

Trolley.  A  grooved  metal  wheel  for  rolling  on  a  trolley-wire  to  con- 
vey the  current  to  the  car. 

Trotters.     Horses  that  trot. 

Vehicle.     A  contrivance  for  carrying  on  a  journey.  See  Conveyance. 

Traveling — Verbs. 

Amble.     To  move  with  a  swaying  motion. 

Bend  one's  course.     To  change  the  direction  of  one's  way. 

Bend  one's  steps.      To  direct  one's  way. 

Betake  oneself  to.     To  journey  to. 

Bowl  along.     To  move  along  smoothly. 

Bundle.     To  depart  on  a  journey  hastily. 

Canter.     To  move  in  a  canter. 

Caracoler.     To  move  in  caracoles. 

Circumambulate.     To  walk  round  about. 

Course.     To  run  through  or  over. 

Defile.     To  journey  in  file. 

Drive.     To  journey  onward  by  force. 

Emigrate.     To  journey  from  one  country  to  another. 

Expatiate.     To  give  free  range  to. 

File  off.     To  move  off  in  file. 

Find  one's  way.     Ascertain  one's  course. 

Fisk.     To  run  about. 

Flit.     To  journey  rapidly. 

Foot  it.     To  journey  on  foot. 

Frisk.     To  move  lightly. 

GaVabout.  J  To  'ourney  idly  abou*- 


Navigation — Nouns  of  Agency, 
Balloon.     A  device  for  sailing  the  air.     See  Conveyance-Vessel. 
Canvas.     A  strong  fabric  used  for  sails. 

Fin.     A  membranous  extension  serving  to  propel  or  steer  a  fish. 
Fish's  tail.     That  part  of  a  fish  by  which  it  steers  itself. 
Flipper.     A  limb  used  in  swimming. 
Mariner.     One  who  navigates  a  ship. 
Oar.     A  wooden  instrument  used  in  propelling  a  boat. 
Paddle.     Resembling  an  oar,  but  used  without  rowlocks. 
Pinion.     A  wing  of  a  bird. 

Sail.     A  piece  of  canvas  used  to  catch  the  wind  and  propel  a  vessel. 
Screw.     A  steam-vessel  propelled  by  a  screw. 
Ship.     A  large  vessel. 
Wing.     The  fore  limb  of  a  bird  designed  for  flight. 

Navigation — Verbs. 

Be  wafted .     Be  carried  gen  tl  y  al  ong. 

Boom.     To  move  by  means  of  a  spar  or  boom. 

Buffet  the  waves.    To  sail  against  the  waves,  as  a  boxer  meets  his  foes. 

Buffet  the  wind.     Sail  against  the  wind. 

Carry  sail.     To  be  propelled  by  the  wind. 

Circumnavigate.     To  sail  around. 

Coast.     To  sail  near  the  coast. 

Course.     To  sail  over  a  route. 

Cruise.     To  sail  over  or  through. 

Dive.     To  plunge  headlong  into  the  water. 

Drift.     To  carry  along  as  by  currents  of  water. 

Effleurer.     To  skim  the  surface  of. 

Float.     To  move  with  the  current. 

Flutter.     To  move  with  quick-beating  motions  of  the  wings. 

Fly.     To  pass  through  the  air  by  use  of  wings. 

Gather  way.      ~| 

Get  under  way.  >  To  begin  to  move,  as  a  ship. 

Have  way  on.    J 

Hover.     To  pause  in  air  with  fluttering  wing. 

Hug  the  land.     To  sail  close  to  the  land. 

Hug  the  shore.     To  sail  close  to  the  shore. 

Kedge.     To  move  a  vessel  by  hauling  on  a  grounded  anchor 

Luff.     To  steer  closer  to  the  wind. 

Make  sail.     To  set  sail.  , 

Navigate.     To  journey  by  ship. 

Paddle.     To  propel  with  a  paddle. 

Plow  the  deep.     1 

Plow  the  main,    i  —        .,  ,, 

n.        ..  r  lo  sail  the  sea. 

Plow  the  ocean. 

Plow  the  waves.  J 

Ply  the  oar.     To  work  steadily  with  the  oar. 

Pull.     To  row. 

Punt.     To  propel  a  boat  with  a  pole. 

Put  to  sea.     To  begin  a  voyage. 

Ride  the  storm.     To  withstand  the  gale. 

Row.     To  propel  by  oars. 

Sail.     To  navigate. 

Scud.     To  move  rapidly  before  the  wind. 

Scull.      To  propel  with  an  oar  or  oars. 

Skim.     To  move  lightly  over. 

Soar.     To  sail  on  wings  through  the  air. 

Spread  canvas.  \  ™       .      -,  .     ,u       .    . 
c*       ,      ..  c  To  set  sail  to  the  wind. 

Spread  sail.       ) 

Steam.     To  move  by  steam. 

Swim.     To  propel  oneself  through  the  water  by  natural  moans 

Take  a  flight.     To  move  as  by  wings. 

Take  ship.     To  begin  a  voyage. 

Take  wing.     To  fly. 

Wade.     To  pass  through  water  by  walking  on  the  bottom. 

Walk  the  waters.     To  sail.    "  She  walks  the  waters  like  a  thing  of  life 

and  seems  to  dare  the  elements  to  strife."     [Byron,  Corsair,  1,3.' 

Warp.     To  move  a  vessel  by  hauling  on  a  rope. 

Wing  one's  flight.!  ™ 

«,,.  ,  r  To  move  as  oh  wings. 

Wing  one  s  way.   )  s 

Navigation — Adjectives. 

Aerostatic.     Pertaining  to  aerostatics.     See  Nouns. 

Afloat.     In  a  floating  condition. 

Coasting.     Sailing  along  the  coast. 

Maritime.     Pertaining  to  the  sea. 

Nautical.     Pertaining  to  navigation. 

Naval.     Pertaining  to  ships  or  navy. 

Navigable.     Capable  of  navigation.     See  Verbs. 

Sailing.     That  which  sails.    See  Verbs. 

Seafaring.     Following  the  sea. 

Seagoing.     Going  by  sea. 

Volant.     Flying. 


TRAVELING. 


1078 


TREAD. 


TRAVELING—  NAVIGATION— Continued. 


TRAVELING— Verbs— Continued 

Gallop.     To  move  at  a  gallop.     See  Swiftness-Slowness. 

Glide.     To  move  onward  rapidly. 

Go.     To  move  from  one  place  to  another. 

Go  a  journey.     To  travel. 

Go  one's  rounds.     To  go  over  a  regular  course. 

Go  out  for  a  walk.     To  walk  leisurely. 

Go  to.     To  travel  to  a  place. 

Have  a  run.     To  continue  in  motion. 

Hie  to       Hurry  to. 

Hover.     To  wander  about. 

Jog  on.     To  move  on  with  slow,  trotting  movement. 

Journey.     To  go  on  a  journey. 

Make  one's  way.     To  progress  on  a  journey. 

March.     To  move  together  on  foot. 

March  in  procession.     To  move  together  for  display. 

Migrate.     To  move  from  one  country  to  another. 

Nomadize.     To  live  as  a  nomad,  or  wanderer. 

Pace.     To  move  with  even  steps. 

Pace  up  and  down.      Pace  forth  and  back. 

Paddle.     To  use  a  paddle,  as  in  a  boat  without  rowlocks. 

Patrol.     To  go  the  rounds  of,  as  a  sentry. 

Peg  on.     To  move  on  slowly  and  steadily. 

Peragrate.     To  jotirney  over  or  through. 

Perambulate.     To  walk  through. 

Peregrinate.     To  wander;  to  emigrate. 

Pick  one's  way.     To  choose  one's  course. 

Plod.     To  walk  heavily. 

Plow  one's  way.     To  go  forward  with  great  difficulty. 

Prance.     To  move  about  struttingly. 

Promenade.     To  walk  for  pleasure. 

Prowl.     To  wander  about  stealthily. 

Ramble.     To  wander  aimlessly. 

Range.     To  journey  along  a  course. 

Repair  to.     To  betake  oneself  to.  • 

Resort  to.     To  go  frequently  to. 

Ride.     To  journey  through  or  over  in  any  way. 

Roam.     To  wander  over. 

Rove.     To  roam  over. 

Saunter.     To  walk  aimlessly. 

Scour  the  country.     To  search  the  country  thoroughly. 

Shuffle  on.     To  move  along  scraping  the  feet. 

Skate.     To  move  on  skates. 

Skim.     To  move  over  lightly. 

Slide.     To  move  along  easily  and  swiftly. 

Stalk.     To  pace  in  a  dignified  manner,  or  stealthily. 

Step.     To  move  by  taking  steps. 

Stir  one's  stumps.     To  move  hastily. 

Straddle.     To  stretch  the  legs  far  apart. 

Straggle.     To  wander  aimlessly. 

Stride.     To  pass  over  with  a  stride. 

Stroll.     To  wander  idly. 

Strut.      To  walk  pompously. 

Stump.     To  travel  from  place  to  place  making  political  speeches; 

Take  a  journey.     To  journey. 

Take  a  walk.     To  walk  leisurely. 

Take  horse.     To  travel  on  horseback. 

Take  the  air.     To  take  a  walk  in  the  open  air. 

Take  wing.     To  fly. 


Navigation — Adverbs,  etc. 

On  the  wing.     Flying. 

tinder  canvas.  \  ,,     .      .         ., 

Under  sail.       i  Movln8  °y  sail-power. 

Under  steam.     Moving  by  steam. 

Under  way.     Moving,  or  beginning  to  move. 

Navigation — Phrase. 
Bon  voyage  [F.].     Prosperous  voyage  to  you. 


TRAVELI NG— Verbs— Continued. 

Thread  one's  way.     To  make  one's  way  slowly  and  with  difficulty. 

Toddle.     To  walk  unsteadily. 

Tramp.     To  walk  heavily. 

Travel.     To  journey  over. 

Traverse.     To  journey  across. 

Traverse  the  country.     To  travel  extensively. 

Tread.     To  step  or  walk. 

Tread  a  path.     To  step  in  a  path. 

Trot.     To  journey  at  a  trot. 

Trudge.     To  journey  laboriously. 

Wag  on.     To  move  quickly  on. 

Walk.     To  journey  with  the  gait  called  a  walk. 

Wander.     To  journey  at  random. 

Wend.     To  journey  on. 

Wend  one's  way.     To  journey  over  one's  course. 

Traveling — Adjectives. 
Ambulatory.     Pertaining  to  walking. 
Circumforanean.  1  T  ,         .  . 

CircumforaneousJ  Journeying  from  house  to  house. 
Discursive.     Journeying  from  the  point ;  digressive. 
Gadding.     Roaming  about  idly. 
Itinerant.     Journeying  Crom  place  to  place. 
Locomotive.     Moving  from  place  to  place. 
Migratory.     Roving;  wandering. 
Mundivagant.     Wandering  over  the  world. 
Nomadic.     Pertaining  to  nomads. 
Noctivagant.     Night-wandering. 
Peripatetic.     Moving  from  place  to  place. 
Rambling.     Aimlessly  moving. 
Roving.     Wandering. 
Traveling.     Journeying.     See  Verbs. 
Travel-stained.     Soiled  by  travel. 
Vagrant.     Wandering  from  place  to  place. 
Wayfaring.     Journeying. 
Wayworn.     Fatigued  by  journeying. 

Traveling — Adverbs,  etc. 
By  the  marrow-bone  stage.     On  the  knees. 
En  route  [F.].     On  the  way. 
In  transitu  [L.].     On  the  way. 
On  foot.     Walking. 
On  horseback.     Traveling  by  horse. 
On  shank's  mare.     On  foot. 


Come  along  I 


Traveling — Interjection. 


trav'-el-er.  One  who  travels;  a  commercial  agent. 
Consignee,  Traveling-Navigation,  Wayfarer- 
Seafarer;  traveler's  tale,  Gull-Hyperbole,Truth- 
fulness-Fabrication  ;  tricks  upon  travelers,  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

trav'-erse.  Crosswise;  to  wander  over;  to  deny. 
A«sertion-Denial,  Obstruction-Help,  Trans- 
mission, Traveling-Navigation. 

travestie  [F.]  (tra-ves-ti') .  Disguise.  Copy-Model, 
Society-Derision,  Subjectiveness-Objectiveness. 

trav'-es-ty.  Burlesque.  Copy-Model,  Imitation- 
Originality,  Interpretation -Misinterpreta- 
tion, Society-Derision. 

travMs.     A  crosspiece.     Suspension-Support. 

trawl.     To  drag,  as  a  net.     Trial. 

trawl'-er.  A  vessel  engaged  in  trawling.  Convey- 
ance-Vessel. 

tray.     A  flat  utensil.     Contents-Receiver. 


treach'-er-ous.  Untrustworthy.  Patriotism-Trea- 
son, Uprightness-Dishonesty;  treacherous  mem- 
ory, Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

treach'-er-y.  Perfidy;  treason.  Truthfulness- 
Fraud,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

trea'-cle.     Molasses.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

tread.  To  walk  on.  Movement-Rest,  Traveling- 
Navigation;  tread  a  path,  Quest-Evasion,  Travel- 
ing-Navigation; tread  down,  Harshness-Mild- 
ness, Liberty-Subjection,  Presumption-Obsequi- 
ousness, Selfrespect-Humbleness;  tread  in  the 
steps  of,  Imitation-Originality,  Leading-Follow- 
ing; tread  on  the  heels  of,  Approach- Withdrawal, 
Leading-Following,  Quest-Evasion;  tread  the 
beaten  track,  Conventionality-Unconventional- 
ity,  Habit-Desuetude;  tread  the  boards.  Acting; 
tread  the  stage,  Acting;  tread  under  foot,  Creation- 
Destruction,  Harshness-Mildness,  Liberty-Sub- 


TREAD. 


1079 


TRENCHES. 


jection,  Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Regard- 
Scorn,  Reputation-Discredit;  tread  upon,  Good- 
ness-Badness. 

tread'-le.  A  lever  to  impart  motion  to  a  machine.  In- 
strument. 

tread'-mill".  A  mechanism  rotated  by  treading  per- 
sons, usually  as  a  punishment.  Recompense- 
Scourge. 

trea'-son.  Betrayal.  Insubordination-Obedience, 
Patriotism-Treason,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

treas'-ure.  To  prize;  valuables.  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Money,  Store;  treasure-trove,  Good-Evil; 
treasure  up  in  the  memory,  Remembrance-Forget- 
fulness. 

treas'-ur-er.  One  who  has  charge  of  money.  Con- 
signee, Treasurer. 

TREASURER. 

Accountant.     One  skilled  in  keeping  accounts. 

Accountant-general.  The  principal  accountant  in  a  mercantile  or 
banking  house;  formerly,  an  officer  in  chancery. 

Almoner.     One  who  dispenses  alms  and  charity. 

Banker.     One  who  keeps  a  bank;  a  trafficker  in  money. 

Bursar.     A  treasurer,  or  money-keeper. 

Bursary.     The  treasury  of  a  college  or  university. 

Cambist.     One  who  deals  in  notes  and  bills  of  exchange;  a  banker. 

Cashier.     A  cash-  or  money-keeper. 

Cash-keeper.     A  cashier. 

Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer.  The  minister  of  finance  in  the  British 
cabinet. 

Depositary.     One  entrusted  with  something  for  safe-keeping. 

Financier.     One  skilled  or  occupied  in  monetary  affairs. 

Fiscal.     A  financial  secretary  or  minister. 

Fiscal  agent.     Disbursing  officer  of  the  treasury. 

Liquidator.     One  who  settles  accounts. 

Minister  of  finance.  One  engaged  in  the  administration  of  a  govern- 
ment's financial  affairs. 

Money-changer.     A  broker  who  deals  in  money. 

Paymaster.     One  who  regularly  pays  wages  or  reward. 

Purser.     Formerly,  the  name  of  a  naval  paymaster. 

Purse-bearer.     One  who  carries  another's  purse. 

Questor.     A  public  treasurer. 

Receiver.  An  officer  appointed  to  receive  public  money,  or  settle  an 
estate  or  business. 

Steward.  A  person  appointed  to  administer  affairs  in  general  and 
also  financial  matters. 

Teller.     A  person  who  receives  and  pays  out  money  in  a  bank. 

Treasurer.  One  who  has  the  care  of  a  treasury,  who  receives,  keeps 
and  disburses  public  money. 

Trustee.     A  person  who  holds  property  in  trust  for  another. 

treas'-ur-y.     Place  where  money  is  kept.      Treasury 

TREASURY. 

Bank.     An  establishment  which  trades  in  money,  and  holds  it  in 

custody. 
Breeches  pocket.     A  pocket  for  carrying  money. 
Bursary.     The  treasury  of  a  college  or  monastery. 
Chest.     A  box  for  treasuring  money.     See  Contents-Receiver. 
Coffer.     A  strong  box  for  use  as  a  treasury. 

Depository.     A  place  where  anything  is  treasured  up.     See  Store. 
.Exchequer.     The  treasury  of  a  state. 
Fisc.     A  treasury. 

Hanaper.     A  receptacle  for  treasuring  valuables. 
Money-bag.     A  bag  for  holding  money. 
Money-box.     A  box  for  holding  money. 
Pocket.     A  pouch  attached  to  a  garment  for  carrying  money  and 

other  articles. 
Porit-monnaie   [F.].     A  small  book  for  holding  money  in  the  pocket. 
Purso.     Anything  for  carrying  money  on  the  person. 
Purse-strings.     The  cords  for  drawing  up  the  mouth  of  a  purse. 
Safe  u».p")sit  vault.     A  strong  pi;  ce  far  keeping  valuables. 
Strong-box.     A  box  used  as  a  treasury  and  strengthened  to  resist 

assault. 
Stronghold.     A  fortified  place  for  treasuring  anything. 
Strong-room.     A  room  fortified  for  use  as  a  treasury. 
iSubtreasury.     A  branch  of  the  United  States  Treasury. 

Tiller  1  ^  drawer  for  holding  money. 

Treasury.     A  place  for  keeping  valuables  in  safe  custody. 


Treasury — Associated  Nouns. 

Consols.     A  governmental  security  of  Great  Britain. 

Credit  Mobilier  [F.].     A  French  financial  institution. 

Parliamentary  funds.        }  ~  .    ,  ,A    , 

Parliamentary  securities.  I  Government  indebtedness ^represented  b, 

Parliamentary  stocks.       J      certificates  issued  to  creditors. 

Public  securities  (.Government  indebtedness  represented  by  certifi- 
Public  stocks.       )      cates- 

Sinking-fund.     A  fund  instituted  and  inve.-ted  in  such  wise  that  its 
gradual  accumulations  will  enable  it  to  wipu  out  a  debt  at  maturity 
Stocks.     Shares  of  capital. 

treat.  Pleasure;  bargain;  manage.  Conduct,  Con- 
tract, Entertainment -Weariness,  Pleasure- 
Pain,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Sensual- 
ity-Suffering; treat  of,  Essay;  treat  oneself  to, 
Pleasure-Pain;  treat  well,  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence. 

trea'-tise.  An  extended  written  exposition.  Essay, 
Rhetoric. 

treat'-ment.  Conduct;  painting.  Conduct,  Painting, 
Remedy-Bane;  ill-treatment,  Goodness-Badness; 
medical  treatment,  Remedy-Bane. 

treat'-y.  A  formal  compact  between  nations.  Con- 
tract. 

treb'-le.  Triple;  soprano.  Cacophony,  Triplication- 
Trisection;  childish  treble,  Vocalization-Mute- 
ness. 

treb'-le-ness.  State  of  being  triple.  Triplication- 
Trisection. 

treb'-ly.     Triply.     Triplication-Trisection. 

tree.  Gibbet;  a  perennial  woody  plant;  lineage. 
Fauna-Flora,  Maker-Destroyer,  Recompense- 
Scourge;  as  the  tree  falls,  Occurrence-Destiny; 
top  of  the  tree,  Reputation-Discredit,  Top-Bot- 
tom; tree  of  knowledge,  Knowledge-Ignorance, 
Scholar- Dunce;  up  a  tree,  Difficulty- Facility. 

tre'-foil.     A  three-leafed  ornament.     Architecture. 

trek.  An  organized  migration.  Constituent-Alien, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

trel'-lis.    A  cross-barred  lattice.    Crossing. 

trem'-ble.  Quiver.  Agitation,  Emotion,  Heat-Cold 
Mutability -Stability,  Sanguineness-  Timidity-, 
Strength-Weakness;  make  one  tremble,  Sanguine- 

NESS-TlMIDITY. 

trem'-bling.  Quivering.  Trembling  in  the  balance, 
Certainty -Doubt,  Sanguineness- Timidity,  Se- 
curity-Insecurity; trembling  to  its  fall,  Creation- 
Destruction,  Strength-Weakness. 

trem'-bling-ly  a-live'.  Scarcely  alive.  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

tre-men'-dous.  Alarming.  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness, Sanguineness-Timidity. 

tre-men'-dous-ly.  With  great  violence.  Magnitude- 
Smallness. 

trem'-or.  A  quick  vibratory  movement.  Agitation, 
Emotion,  Sanguineness-Timidity. 

trem'-u-lous.  Quivering.  Agitation,  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation, Sanguineness-Timidity,  Talk- 
ativeness-Taciturnity. 

trench.  Furrow.  Groove;  trench  on,  Dueness-Un- 
dueness,  Remoteness-Nearness,  Transcurs:on- 
Shortcoming. 

trench'-ant.  Penetrating;  biting;  keen.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Assertion-Denial,  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Determination  -  Vacillation, 
Emotion,  Felicitation,  Strength- Weakness, 
Terseness-Prolixity,  Vigor-Inertia. 

trench'-er.  Platter.  Contents-Receiver,  Lamina- 
Fiber. 

trench'-es.  Long  irregular  ditches  about  three  feet 
deep,  used  to  cover  the  advance  of  an  army.  Open 
the  trenches.  Attack-Defense. 


TREND. 


1080 


TRIASSIC. 


trend.  Tendency.  Aim-Aberration,  Dominance- 
Impotence. 

tren'-nel".    A  wooden  nail.    Connective. 

trep-an'.  Snare;  rock-boring  tool.  Perforator- 
Stopper,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

trep"-i-da'-tion.  Agitation  from  fear.  Agitation, 
Emotion,  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Sanguine- 

NESS-TlMIDlTY. 

tres'-pass.  Go  bey  nd;  transgress.  Innocence-Guilt, 
Transcursion-.-hortcoming,  Virtue-Vice. 

tress.     Plait  of  hair.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

tres'-tle.     A  carpenter's  horse.     Suspension-Support. 

trev'-et.     Three-legged  stool.     Suspension-Support. 

trey.     The  three-spot  of  cards.     Triality. 

tri'-ad.     Trivalent.     Triality. 

tri-ag'-on-al.     Three-cornered.     Angularity. 

tria  juncta  in  uno  [L.j  (trai'-a  junc'-ta  in  yu'-no). 
Three  things  joined  in  one.  Triality,  Union-Dis- 
union. 

tri'-al.  Affliction;  effort;  proof.  Difficulty-Facility, 
Investigation  -  Answer,  Litigation,  Pleasur- 
ableness  -  Painfulness,  Pleasure-Pain,  Recom- 
pense-Punition,  Trial,  Venture;  trial  of  temper, 
Excitation. 

TRIAL. 

Assay.     Analysis  of  an  ore  to  ascertain  its  ingredients. 

Analysis,  etc.  Resolution  of  anything  into  its  elements.  See  In- 
vestigation. 

Criterion.     Established  rule  for  testing. 

Crucial  test.  A  test  that  determines  absolutely  the  truth  or  falsity 
of  a  statement  or  theory. 

Diagnostic.     The  distinguishing  symptom  of  a  disease. 

Empiricism.  Practise  of  medicine  from  experience  without  the  aid 
of  science. 

Essay,  etc.  A  test  of  one's  powers  by  doing  something.  See  Ven- 
ture. 

Experiment.     Means  taken  to  arrive  at  truth. 

Experimentum  cruets  [L.].     The  trial  of  the  cross;  a  severe  test. 

Leap  in  the  dark.     A  step  taken  in  ignorance  of  the  consequences. 

Ordeal.     Ancient  trial  of  guilt. 

Probation.     Examination ;  period  of  trial  of  one's  ability  or  qualities. 

Proof.     That  which  establishes  a  truth. 

Random  shot.     An  attempt  without  definite  aim  or  intention. 

Rule  of  thumb.  A  method  of  measurement,  roughly  practical  rather 
than  scientific. 

Speculation.     Intellectual  examination. 

Tdtonnement  [F.].     Supposition;  groping. 

Tentative  method.     A  method  used  in  making  a  trial. 

Test.     Decisive  trial. 

Trial.     Partial  test  made  in  any  manner. 

Verification.     Confirmation. 

Trial — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Adventurer.     One  who  seeks  his  fortune  in  new  or  untried  fields. 
Analyst.   \  One  who    analyzes,  especially  in    chemistry  or  mathe- 
Analyzer. )       matics. 

Frnerimpntpr     "  t*-*ne  wno  makes   experiments,  especially  scientific 
f      experiments. 


Experimentist. 


Trial — Nouns  of  Agency. 


Check.  Any  mark  or  register  used  as  a  means  of  verification  or 
identification. 

Crucible.     A  pot  or  vessel  for  melting  metals  or  minerals. 

Feeler.     One  who  or  that  which  feels;  a  trial  venture. 

Messenger  balloon.     A  balloon  used  for  investigating  in  warfare. 

Pilot  balloon.  A  small  balloon  sent  up  before  a  larger  one,  to  show 
the  direction  and  velocity  of  the  wind. 

Pilot-engine.     A  locomotive  piloting  a  train. 

Pyx.     A  receptacle  for  coins  selected  for  trial  at  the  British  mint. 

Reagent.  Any  substance  used  to  ascertain  the  nature  or  composi- 
tion of  another  by  means  of  their  mutual  chemical  action. 

Scout.  A  person  sent  out  to  observe  and  get  information  of  an 
enemy  in  war. 

Straws  to  show  the  wind.  Straws  held  up  in  the  air  to  show  by  their 
movements  the  direction  of  the  wind. 

Test-tube.     A  thin  glass  tube  used  in  making  chemical  tests. 

Touchstone.  A  fine-grained  stone,  usually  schist  or  jasper,  used  to 
test  the  fineness  of  gold  alloys. 


Trial — Verbs. 

Angle.     To  fish;  scheme. 

Assay.     To  make  an  analysis  of  an  ore. 

Essay,  etc.     To  try  one's  powers.     See  Essay. 

Experiment.     To  use  a  process  of  finding  out  truth.' 

Explore.     To  search.     See  Investigation. 

Fumble.     To  endeavor  in  an  unskilful  manner. 

Grope.     To  feel  about  in  darkness. 

Prove.     To  establish  a  truth. 

Rehearse.     To  recite  for  practise. 

Tdtonner  [F.].     To  grope. 

Test.     To  give  a  decisive  trial. 

Touch.     To  perceive  with  the  feeling. 

Trawl.     To  fish  with  a  long  line. 

Try.     To  give  or  make  a  trial. 

Verify.     To  show  to  be  correct. 

Trial — Verbal  Expressions. 
Aller  &  tdtons  [F.L  to  find  one's  way  by  groping;  teat  about  for; 
beat  the  bushes;  bob  for;  bring  to  the  proof;  bring  to  the  test; 
cast  about  for;  cast  one's  net;  consult  the  barometer;  experiment 
upon;  feel  for;  feel  one's  way;  feel  the  pulse;  fif.h  fcr;  give  a 
trial  to;  grope  for;  grope  one's  way;  make  an  experiment;  irake 
a  trial  of;  practise  upon;  put  out  a  feeler;  put  to  the  proof;  put 
to  the  test;  put  upon  trial;  see  how  the  land  lies;  see  how  tl.e 
wind  blows;  send  up  a  pilot  balloon;  subject  to  trial;  submit  to 
the  proof;  submit  to  the  test;  throw  out  a  feeler;  try  one's  for- 
tune, etc.  (see  Venture)  ;  try  one's  strength. 

Trial — Adjectives. 
Analytic.     Pertaining  to  an  analysis. 
Docimastic.     Proving  by  experiments. 

Empirical.     Based  on  experiment  without  regard  to  science. 
Experimental.     Pertaining  to  experiments. 
On  one's  trial.     Undergoing  a  test. 
Probationary.^ 

Probative.         >■  Serving  for  trial. 
Probatory.       ) 
Tentative.     Essaying. 
Under  probation.     On  trial. 

tri-al'-i-ty.    Union  of  three  in  one.     Triality. 

TRIALITY. 
Triality.     State  of  being  three. 

Trinity.  Used  in  theology  to  denote  the  union  of  three  persons  ic 
one  Godhead. 

Triality — Denotations. 

Cube.     The  product  of  three  equal  factors. 

Leash.     Three  creatures  of  the  same  kind,  as  greyhounds,  foxes,  etc- 

Ternion.     A  group  or  congregation  of  three. 

Third  power.     A  number  multiplied  by  itself  three  times. 

Three.     The  sum  of  two  and  one. 

Trey.     A  card  or  die  having  three  spots. 

Triad.     A  group  of  three  persons  or  things. 

Tricuspid.     A  valve  or  tooth  having  three  cusps  or  points. 

Trinomial.     An  algebraic  expression  consisting  of  three  terms  con* 

nected  by  plus  or  minus  signs. 
Trio.     A  musical  composition  for  three  performers. 
Triphthong.     Three  vowels  combined  to  produce  one  sound. 
Triplet.     One  of  three  children  born  at  one  birth. 

Triality — Adjectives. 

Tertiary.     Third  in  number. 

Three.     Consisting  of  one  more  than  two;  a  cardinal  number. 

Triform.     Having  a  triple  form. 

Trinal.     Threefold. 

Trinomial.     Consisting  of  three  terms. 

Triune.     Three  in  one. 

Triality — Phrases. 
Tria  juncta  in  uno  [L.].     Three  joined  in  one. 

tri'-a-log.  Discourse  between  three  people.  Conver- 
sation-Monologue. 

tri'-an"-gle .  A  plane  figure  bounded  by  three  sides. 
Angularity,  Musical  Instruments,  Recompense- 
Scourge. 

tri-an'-gu-lar.  Three-sided  or  cornered.  Angularity; 
triangular  duel,  Strife-Peace. 

tri'-ar-chy.  Government  by  a  triumvirate.  Rule- 
License. 

Tri-as'-sic  pe'-ri-od.    Geologic  period.     Geology. 


TRIBE. 


1081 


TRIGAM*. 


tribe.    Class;  division.     Division,  Ethnology,  Gath- 
ering-Scattering, Parentage-Progeny. 
trib"-u-la'-tion.     Sorrow.     Pleasure-Pain. 
tri-bu'-nal.    Court  of  justice.  Judicature,  Tribunal. 

TRIBUNAL. 

Areopagus.     The  highest  judicial  tribunal  of  ancient  Athens. 

Assize.     A  sitting  or  session  of  a  court. 

Bar.     The  legal  profession. 

Bar  of  justice.     Any  tribunal. 

Bench.  The  judge's  seat  in  court;  hence,  the  judge  or  judges  con- 
stituting a  court  or  tribunal. 

Board.  A  table  at  which  a  council  sits;  hence,  a  council  convened 
for  business. 

Board  of  greencloth.  A  board  of  the  royal  household  controlling  the 
commissariat. 

Bureau.     A  body  of  officials  in  a  particular  department. 

Burghmote.     A  borough  court. 

County  court.     A  court  whose  jurisdiction  is  limited  to  a  county. 

Court.     A  tribunal  constituted  to  try  cases  and  administer  justice. 

Court  baron.     An  inferior  court  of  civil  jurisdiction. 

Court-leet.     A  court  of  record  held  once  a  year. 

Court-martial.     A  court  consisting  of  military  or  naval  officers. 

Court  of  admiralty.  A  court  with  jurisdiction  over  maritime  ques- 
tions. 

Court  of  appeal.     A  court  of  review. 

Court  of  arbitration.  A  court  for  the  hearing  and  determining  a  con- 
troversy between  two  parties. 

Court  of  Arches.  The  court  of  appeal  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury. 

Court  of  assize.     Th.i  session  of  the  judges  of  superior  courts. 

Court  of  chancery.     An  equity  court. 

Court  of  common  council.     Municipal  legislative  body. 

Court  of  common  pleas.  An  inferior  court  having  civil  and  criminal 
jurisdiction. 

Court  of  error.     A  court  of  record. 

Court  of  exchequer.     A  superior  court  of  law  and  equity. 

Court  of  justice.     A  court  of  a  justice  of  the  peace. 

Court  of  King's  Bench.  The  highest  court  of  common  law  in  Eng- 
land. 

Court  of  law.     A  court  where  law  is  administered. 

Court  of  oyer  and  terminer.     Criminal  courts. 

Court  of  piepoudre.     An  ancient  court  of  record  in  England. 

Court  of  probate.     A  court  for  the  probation  of  wills. 

Court  of  record.     A  court  whose  proceedings  are  preserved  in  writing. 

Divan      A  council  of  state  in  Oriental  countries. 

Divorce  court.     A  court  having  jurisdiction  over  divorce  cases. 

Dock      A  place  in  court  where  an  accused  person  stands. 

Drumhead.  \  A  court-martial  called  to  try  offenses  on 

Drumhead  court-martial.)       the  battle-field. 

Durbar.     A  court  of  a  native  prince  of  India. 

Eyre.     The  court  held  on  circuit  by  judges. 

Forum.     An  assembly  empowered  to  hear  and  decide  causes. 

Guild.  An  association  of  persons  engaged  in  kindred  pursuits  for 
mutual  aid  and  protection. 

High  court  of  appeal.  The  highest  court  to  which  appeal  can  be 
made  from  a  lower  court. 

Hign  court  of  judicature.     The  highest  court  of  justice. 

Hustings .     An  English  court. 

Inquisition.  A  court  for  the  examination  and  punishment  of  here- 
tics. 

Judgment  seat.     A  court,  a  tribunal. 

Judicature.     A  court  of  justice. 

Judicial  committee  of  the  privy  council.  A  court  composed  of  mem- 
bers of  the  privy  council. 

Jury-box.     The  piace  where  the  jury  is  seated. 

Justice-seat.     The  seat  of  a  judge  in  court .  hence,  a  court. 

Lord  justice's  court      A  Scotch  supreme  court. 

Mercy-seat.     A  place  where  mercy  is  dispensed. 

Palatine  court.     A  court  of  a  local  prince. 

Petty  sessions.!  A  .- i.     .  .  ,    -■    ,  „ 

Police  court      )       court  'or  the  tnal  °'  minor  offenses. 

'Quarter  sessions.      A  general  court  of  criminal  jurisdiction. 
Rolls  court.     A  court  whose  proceedings  are  kept  on  rolls. 
Senate-house.     The  meeting  place  of  the  senate. 
Sessions.     Courts  of  justice. 
Stannary  court.      Courts  for  the  administration  of  justice  among  the 

tinners  of  Cornwall. 
Star  Chamber.      A  high  court  of  the  king  s  ministers 
Superior  courts  of  Westminster.    Appellate  court  of  the  highest  rank 

in  England 
Theater.      A  place  where  assemblies  meet 
Xownhall.      A  hall  where  the  town-meeting  is  held. 


Tribunal.     A  court  of  justice. 

Vice-chancellor's  court.     A  court  presided  over  by  a  vice-chancellor. 
Ward-mote.     A  court  held  in  the  ward  of  a  city. 
Witness  box.     The  place  where  witnesses  stand  in  court. 
Woolsack.   The  seat  of  the  Lord  Chancellor  of  England  in  the  IIous« 
of  Lords. 

Tribunal — Adjectives. 

Appellate.     Capable  of  being  appealed  to  a  higher  tribunal. 
Judicial.     Pertaining  to  a  court  or  tribunal. 

Tribunal — Phrases. 

Accedas  ad  curiam  [L.].     You  may  go  to  the  court. 
Die  Weltgeschichle  ist  das  WeltgericM    [G.].      World-history    is    a 
world-tribunal. 

trib'-une.  Rostrum;  judge.  Judge,  President-Mem- 
ber, School. 

trib'-u-ta-ry.  Contributory.  Giving-Receiving,  River- 
Wind. 

trib'-ute.  Donation;  reward.  Giving-Receiving,  Out- 
lay-Income, Recompense-Penalty;  pay  tribute  to, 
Approval-Disapproval,  Regard-Disrespect. 

trice.  Instant.  Eternity-Instantaneity;  trice  up, 
Union-Disunion. 

tri-chot'-o-mous.  Divided  into  three  parts.  Tripli- 
cation-Trisection. 

tri-chot'-o-my.  Division  into  three  parts.  Triplica- 
tion-Trisection. 

tri'-chro-ism.  The  property  possessed  by  some  crystals 
of  exhibiting  different  colors  in  three  different  direc- 
tions when  viewed  by  transmitted  light.  Variega- 
tion. 

trick.  Deception;  skill;  habit.  Craft-Artlessness, 
Design,  Gain-Loss,  Habit-Desuetude,  Skill-Un- 

SKILFULNESS,        TRUTHFULNESS  -  FALSEHOOD;        play 

tricks,  Craft-Artlessness,  Entertainment-Wear- 
iness, Skill-Unskilfulness,  Society-Derision; 
trick  of  fortune,  Expectation-Disappointment; 
tricks  of  the  trade,  Craft-Artlessness;  trick  out, 
Embellishment -Disfigurement,  Taste -Vulgar- 
ity. 

trick'-er-y.  Deceit;  finery.  Craft-Artlessness, 
Taste- Vulgarity,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

trick'-le.    Ooze.    Entrance-Exit,  River- Wind. 

trick'-ster.     Deceiver.    Gull-Deceiver,  Robber. 

trick'-sy.  Playful;  ornamental.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Craft-Artlessness,  Embellishment- Disfigure- 
ment, Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

trick'-y.     Deceiving.     Truthfulness-Fraud. 

tri-clin'-ic  sys'-tem.     Class  of    crystals.     Mineralogy. 

tri'-col"-or.  Three-colored  flag.  Patriotism-Treason, 
Sign,  Variegation. 

tri-cus'-pid.     Having  three  points.     Triality. 

tri'-cy-cle.  Three-wheeled  conveyance.  Conveyance- 
Vessel. 

tri'-dent.  Three-pronged  weapon,  the  emblem  of  Nep- 
tune.    Ocean-Land. 

tri-en'-ni-al.  Occurring  every  three  years.  Fauna- 
Flora,  Periodicity-Irregularity. 

tri'-fid.    Three-cleft.    Triplication-Trisection. 

tri'-fle.  Of  little  importance;  to  neglect.  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness, Consequence-Insignificance, 
Magnitude-Smallness,  Sagacity-Incapacity;  not 
stick  at  trifles,  Persistence- Whim;  not  to  be  trifled 
with,  Coercion;  trifle  time  away,  Activity-Indo- 
lence; trifle  with,  Carefulness-Carelessness, 
Regard-Disrespect,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

tri'-fler.  Jester.  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Sage- 
Fool. 

tri'-fling.  Frivolous;  insignificant.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Consequence-Insignificance,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity, WlTTINESS-DULNESS. 

tri'-form.     Triple-shaped.     Triality. 

trig'-a-my.  State  of  having  three  husbands  or  wives  at 
the  same  time.     Matrimony-Cembacy. 


TRIGGER. 


1082 


TRIUMPH. 


trig'-ger.  Finger-piece  of  a  gun-lock.  Instrument; 
draw  the  trigger,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

Trig'-ger,  Sir  Lu'-ci-us  O'.  A  principal  personage  in 
Sheridan's   Rivals,  noted    for    fighting.     Brawler. 

tri'-gon.     A  triangle.     Angularity. 

trig'-o-nal.     Triangular.     Angularity. 

trig"-c-nom'-e-try.  A  branch  of  mathematics.  Angu- 
larity 

trikumia    [Gr.]    (tri-ku-mi'-a) .      The   third   or  largest 

Wave.       S'JPREMACY-SUBORDINACY. 

tri-lat'-er-al.  Three-sided.  Angularity,  Laterality- 
Contraposition,  Proportion-Deformity. 

tril'-o-gis-tic.  Pertaining  to  a  trilogy.  Triplication- 
Trisection. 

tril'-o-gy.  A  series  of  three  dramas  having  the  same 
general  subject.     Acting. 

trill.  To  sing  with  a  quavering  voice;  flow  in  drops. 
Crash-Drumming,  Musician,  River-Wind. 

tril'-lion.     A  million  millions.     Five-Quinquesection. 

trim.  Condition;  costume;  adorn;  chastise.  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval, Beauty-Ugliness,  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Condition-Sit- 
uation, Determination-Vacillation,  Dress-Un- 
dress, Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Equality- 
Inequality,  Exculpation-Punition,  Form-Form- 
lessness,Truthfulness-Falsehood;  in  trim,  Regu- 
larity-I  rregularity. 

trim-e-ter.    Verse  of  three  measures.    Rhetoric 

trim'-mer.  Fickle  person.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Up- 
rightness-Rogue. 


trim'-ming.  Adornment.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Bor 
der,  Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Upright- 
ness-Dishonesty. 

tri'-nal.     Threefold.     Triality. 

trine.     Triple.     Triplication-Trisection. 

trin'-i-ty.     Union  of  three.     Triality. 

Trin'-i-ty,  Ho'-ly.     Godhead.     Divinity. 

trin'-ket.  Trifle;  ornament.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

trink  geld  [G.]  (trink  gelt).    A  tip.    Giving-Receiving. 

tri-no'-mi-al.     Having  three  terms.    Triality. 

tri'-o.     Three.     Music,  Triality. 

trip.  Err;  journey;  fail.  Ascent-Descent,  Inno- 
cence-Guilt,  SkILL-UnSKILFULNESS,   SPklNG-DlVE, 

Success-Failure,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Truth- 
Error,  Traveling-Navigation,  Virtue- Vice;  trip 
up,  Success-Failure,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

trip'-ar-tite.    Threefold.    Triplication-Trisection. 

trip'-ar-ti'-tion.  Division  into  three  parts.  Triflica- 
tion-Trisection. 

triph'-thong.  The  vowels  or  vowel-characters  com- 
bined to  produce  one  sound.     Letter,  Triality. 

trip'-le.  Treble.  Triplication-Trisection;  triple 
crown,  Vestments. 

trip'-let.  Three  units  combined.  Poetry-Prose,  Tri- 
ality. 

trip'-li-cate.    Treble.     Triplication-Trisection. 

trip'-li-ca"-tion.  Act  of  making  threefold.  Triplica- 
tion-Trisection. 


TRIPLICATION-TRISECTION. 


Trebleness.     The  state  of  being  treble. 
Trine.     A  triad. 

Triplication.     The  act  of  trebling. 
Triplicity.     The  state  of  being  triple. 

Triplication — Verbs. 
Cube.     To  raise  to  the  third  power. 
Treble.     To  multiply  by  three. 
Triple.     To  make  threefold. 
Triplicate.     To  make  three  times  as  many. 

Triplication — Adjectives. 
Tern.     Threefold. 
Ternary.     Proceeding  by  threes. 
Third.     The  ordinal  of  three. 
Threefold.     Made  up  of  three. 
Treble.     Multiplied  by  three. 
Trilogistic.     Made  up  of  a  series  of  three  dramas. 
Triple       Increased  threefold. 
Triplicate.     Made  thrice  as  much. 

Triplication — Adverbs,  etc. 

In  the  third  place.     Coming  after  two  that  have  gone  before. 
Thirdly.     In  the  third  place. 


Third.     One  of  three  equal  parts  of  anything. 

Third  part.     A  third. 

Trichotomy.  "I 

Tripartition.  >- Division  into  three  parts. 

Trisection.    J 

Trisection — Verbs. 

Divide  into  three  parts.  \  ^     ,■    .,    •    .     ., 

™.  F  |  To  divide  into  three  parts. 

Trisection — Adjectives. 

Trichotomous.     Divided  into  threes. 

Trifid.     Three-cleft. 

Tripartite.     Threefold. 

Trisected.     Divided  into  three  parts.     See  Verbs. 

Trisulcate.     Having  three  forks. 


TRIPLICATION — Adverbs,  etc. — Continued. 

Threefold.     Trebly. 

Three  times.     Threefold. 

Thrice.     Three  times. 

Trebly.     In  a  threefold  manner  or  quantity.     See  Adjectives. 


tri-plic'-i-ty .     Trinity.     Triplication-Trisection. 

tri'-pod.  Three-legged  stool.  Chemistry,  Suspension- 
Support. 

tripotage  [F.]  (tri-po-tazh').  Medley.  Conversation- 
Monologue. 

trip'-ping.       Quick.       Activity-Indolence,     Purity- 

I  Crudeness,  Success- Failure,  Truth- Error; 
caught  tripping,  Knowledge-Ignorance. 

trip'-ping-ly  on  the  tongue.  Rapid  but  clear  enuncia- 
tion.    Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

Trip-to'-le-mus.  Patron  of  agriculture  in  Greek  myth- 
ology.    Domestication-Agriculture. 

tri'-reme.    An  ancient  galley.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

tri'-sect.  To  divide  into  three  parts.  Triplication- 
Trisection. 

tri-sect'-ed.  Ternately  divided.  Triplication-Tri- 
section. 

iri-sec'-tion.  Division  into  three  parts.  Triplication- 
Trisection. 


tris-oc"-ta-he'-dron.     Kind  of  crystal.     Mineralogy. 

trist.     Sad.      Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

trist'-ful.    Sorrowful.    Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

tri-sul'-cate.  Three-grooved.  Groove,  Triplication- 
Trisection. 

trite.  Common.  Habit-Desuetude,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance;  trite  saying,  Adage-Nonsense. 

tri'-the-ism.  Doctrine  of  the  existence  of  three  separate 
and  distinct  gods.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

Tri'-ton.  A  fabled  sea  demigod.  Ocean- Land;  Triton 
among  the  minnows,  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Greatness-Littleness,   Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

trit'-u-ra"-tion.     Pulverization.      Friability. 

trium  literarum  homo  [L.]  (trai'-um  lit-er-e'-rum 
hom'-o).  A  man  of  three  letters,  [L.],  fur,  a  thief. 
Robber. 

tri'-umph.  Success;  to  celebrate.  Bragging,  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation, Solemnization,  Success-Fail- 
ure, Welfare-Misfortune. 


TRIUMPHANT. 


1083 


TROPHY. 


4ri-um'-phant.  Exultant.  Jubilation-Lamentation, 
Success- Failure. 

tri-um'-vi-rate.  Coalition  of  three  men  to  rule.  Rule- 
License. 

tri'-une.    Three  in  one.    Triplication-Trisection. 

Tri'-une  God.     The  Godhead.     Divinity. 

triv'-et.  A  three-legged  stool.  Oven-Refrigerator, 
Suspension-Support;  right  as  a  trivet,  Dueness- 
Undueness,  Faultlessness-Faultiness. 

triv'-i-al.  Trifling.  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Meaning-Jargon,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

triv-i-al'-i  -ty.  Something  insignificant.  Consequence- 
Insignificance. 

troat.  To  cry  as  a  buck  in  rutting  time.  Cry-Ulula- 
tion. 

tro'-car.  Surgical  instrument  used  in  dropsy.  Per- 
forator-Stopper. 

tro-cha'-ic.  Composed  of  or  pertaining  to  trochees. 
Poetry-Prose,  Rhetoric. 

tro'-chee.  A  foot  composed  of  a  long  and  a  short,  or 
accented  and  unaccented,  syllable.  Poetry-Prose, 
Rhetoric. 

tro-chil'-ic.  Pertaining  to  rotary  motion.  Revolu- 
tion-Evolution. 

tro-chil'-ics.  The  science  of  rotary  motion.  Revolu- 
tion-Evolution. 

trod'-den.  Trampled  underfoot.  Downtrodden,  Lib- 
erty-Subjection; well  trodden,  Habit-Desuetude, 
Use-Disuse. 

trog'-lc-dyte".  One  living  in  seclusion.  Sociability- 
Privacy. 

troll.  Roll;  move  rapidly;  a  fairy.  Jove-Fiend, 
Revolution-Evolution,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

trol'-ley.  A  grooved-metal  wheel  for  running  on  a 
trolley-wire.    Electricity,  Traveling-Navigation. 

trol'-lop.     Prostitute.     Purity-Rake. 

trom'-bone.  Musical  instrument.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

troop.  Soldiers;  an  assemblage.  Belligerent,  Gath- 
ering-Scattering; raise  troops,  Fighting-Concilia- 
tion. 

troop'-er.  Cavalryman.  Belligerent;  He  like  a 
trooper,  Truthfulness- Falsehood;  swear  like  a 
trooper,  Charitableness-Menace. 

troop-ship.     Ship  for  troops.     Belligerent. 

trop,  de  [F.]  (tro,  de).     Not  wanted.     Excess-Lack. 

trope.     Figure  of  speech.     Rhetoric,  Trope. 

TROPE. 

Adumbration.     The  faint  sketch  or  outlines  of  a  figure. 

Allegory.  The  setting  forth  of  one  subject  under  the  guise  of 
another. 

Allusion.     An  indirect  reference  to  something  supposed  to  be  known. 

Anagogue.     The  spiritual  a:  mystical  application  of  words. 

Antonomasia.  The  substitution  of  a  title  or  epithet  for  a  proper 
noun. 

Apologue.     A  tale  or  fable  with  a  moral. 

Application.  The  part  of  a  sermon  or  discourse  in  which  the  princi- 
ples set  forth  are  applied  to  practical  uses. 

Catachrests.  The  use  of  one  word  wrongly  for  another  or  the  wrest- 
ing of  a  word  from  its  true  significance. 

.  'olloquialism.  An  expression  used  in  common  conversation,  but  not 
in  formal  discourse  or  writing. 

iinaltage.  lhe  substitution  of  one  part  of  speech,  gender,  etc.,  for 
another. 

Fable.  A  brief  story  or  tale  intended  to  impart  a  moral,  especially 
one  introducing  animals  and  the  like  as  speaking. 

Facon  de  parler  [F.].      Manner  of  speaking. 

Figurativeness.     Abundance  ot  figures  of  speech.     See  Adjectives. 

Figure.  Pictorial  or  poetic  language  used  for  the  sake  of  a  more 
pleasing  and  powertul  effect. 

Figure  of  speech.     A  rhetorical  figure. 

Image.  A  picture  or  illustration,  frequently  taken  from  sensible  ob- 
jects, and  used  to  illustrate  a  subject. 

Imagery.     Rhetorical  embellishment  in  writing  or  speaking. 

Irony.  The  use  of  a  mode  of  speech  the  meaning  of  which  is  con- 
trary to  the  literal  sense. 


Metalepsis.     A  compound  figure  consisting  in  uniting  two  or  more 

tropes  in  one  word. 
Metaphor.     A  figure  in  which  the  relation  of  one  object  to  another  is 

shown  by  asserting  it  to  be  that  object. 
Metonymy.     A  trope  consisting  in  putting  one  word  for  another  sug- 
gested by  it. 
Parable.     A  short  fictitious  narrative  teaching  some  important  truth 

or  lesson. 
Personification.     A  figure  by  which  an  inanimate  object  or  abstract 

idea  is  represented  as  having  life. 
Phrase,  etc.     A  manner  or  style  of  expression,  etc.     See  Phrase, 
Prosopopeia.     A  figure  of  speech  in  which  the  speaker  personates 

another. 
Simile.     A  figure  of  speech  in  which  two  things,  strongly  resembling 

each  other  in  some  point  or  points,  are  compared. 
Synecdoche.     A  figure  in  which  a  part  of  anything  is  put  for  the 

whole. 
Trope.     The  use  of  a  word  or  expression  in  a  different  sense  from  the 

one  properly  belonging  to  it. 
Type.     A  figurative  representation  of  something  to  come. 
Way  of  speaking.     A  customary  or  habitual  manner,  mode,  or  style 

of  expression. 

Trope  —Verbs. 
Adumbrate.  To  shadow  forth  in  outline. 
Allegorize.     To  use  allegory. 

Allude  to.     To  refer  to  indirectly  or  by  suggestion. 
Apply.     To  have  some  reference  or  analogy. 
Employ  metaphor.     To  use  figurative  language.     See  Nouns. 
Personify.     To  represent  an  inanimate  object  as  a  rational  being. 
Shadow  forth.     To  represent  typically. 

Trope — Adjectives. 
Allegorical.     Belonging  to  or  pertaining  to  an  allegory. 
Allusive.     Figurative;  containing  an  allusion. 
Anagogical.     Having  a  spiritual  or  mystical  meaning. 
Catachrestical.     Twisted  from  its   natural    sense  or  meaning;    far- 

fetched. 
Colloquial.     Used  in  familiar  conversation. 
Figurative.     Employed  in  a  sense  not  literal. 
Ironical.     Characterized  by  irony. 
Metaphorical.     Relating  to  metaphor;  figurative. 
Parabolic.     Having  the  nature  of  a  parable. 
Tralatitious.     Handed  down  or  transmitted. 
Typical.     Representing  by  form  or  resemblance  ■  symbolical. 

Trope — Adverbs,  etc. 
As  it  were.     In  a  manner. 
So  to  express  oneself.  | 

So  to  say.  >  If  one  may  say  or  speak  thus. 

So  to  speak.  J 

Trope — Phrase. 
Mutato  nomine  de  te  jabula  narratur  [L. ].      The  name  being  changed, 
the  story  is  related  of  you.     [Horace,  Satires,  I,  r,  69.3 

Tro-phon'-i-us,  cave  of.  Cave  where  the  oracle  of  Tro- 
phonius  was.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

tro'-phy.  Memento  of  success  or  defeat.  Mark-Oblit- 
eration, Sign,  Solemnization,  Trophy. 

TROPHY. 

Bays.     The  leaves  of  the  laurel  used  in  wreaths  conferred  as  prizes  tc 

the  victors  in  various  contests. 
Chaplet.     A  garland  or  wreath  worn  as  a  trophy  of  victory. 
Civic  crown.     A  Roman  trophy  bestowed  on  a  soldier  who  had  saved 

the  life  of  a  citizen  in  battle. 
Crown.     A  decorative  circlet  for  the  head  worn  as  a  mark  of  kingly 

or  sovereign  power. 
Decoration.     A  badge  or  medal  worn  as  a  trophy  of  distinction  and 

honor.     See  Title. 
Feather  in  one's  cap.     A  mark  of  distinction.     See  Title. 
Flying  colors.     A  trophy  or  mark  of  victory.     See  Pomp. 
Garland.     A  wreath  or  chaplet  worn  as  a  trophy  or  mark  of  honor. 
Insignia.     Trophies  or  marks  of  office  or  honor.     See  Sign, 

j         ,'   r  The  ancient  trophy  of  honor  and  victory. 

Medal.     A  trophy  of  merit. 

Monumentum  are  perennius  [L.].  A  monument  more  enduring 
than  bronze.     [Horace,  Odes,  III,  xxx,  x  ] 

Palm.  A  branch  or  leaf  of  the  palm-tree,  an  ancient  trophy  of  vic- 
tory. 

Prize.  That  which  is  obtained  or  offered  as  a  trophy  or  reward  of 
victory. 


TROPHY. 


1084 


TRUSTEE. 


Triumph.  An  ancient  Roman  procession  of  great  magnificence  in 
honor  of  a  victorious  general,  the  highest  military  honor  obtain- 
able. 

Triumphal  arch.  An  arch  commemorative  of  a  triumph.  See  Sol- 
emnization. 

Trophy.     A  memorial  in  commemoration  of  some  victory  or  honor. 

Wreath.     A  garland  or  chaplet,  a  trophy  of  honor  or  victory. 

trop'-ic-al.     Torrid.     Heat-Cold. 

trot.  Run.  Swiftness-Slowness,  Traveling-Navi- 
gation; trot  out,  Manifestation-Latency,  Pomp. 

troth.  Promise;  faith.  Assertion-Denial,  Engage- 
ment, Faith-Unbelief,  Truthfulness-Falsehood; 
by  my  troth,  Assertion-Denial,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood;  plight  one's  troth,  Blandishment. 

troth'-less.  False;  dishonorable.  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

trot'-ters.    Feet.    Traveling-Navigation. 

trot'-toir.     Sidewalk.     Way. 

trou'-ba-dour".  A  lyric  poet  of  the  13  th  century. 
Poetry-Prose. 

troub'-le.  Difficulty;  pain;  disorder.  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Organization-Disorganization,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness,  Pleasure- Pain,  Regu- 
larity-Irregularity, Toil-Relax  ation.Welfare- 
Misfortune;  bring  into  trouble,  Goodness-Badness; 
get  into  trouble,  Success-Failure;  in  trouble,  Good- 
Evil;  take  trouble,  Toil-Relaxation;  trouble  one 
for,  Petition-Deprecation;  trouble  oneself,  Toil- 
Relaxation;  trouble  one's  head  about,  Activity- 
Indolence,  Heed-Disregard. 

troub'-led  wa'-ters,  fish  in.  Labor  under  a  disadvantage. 
Difficulty-Facility. 

troub'-le-some.  Difficult;  painful.  Difficulty-Facil- 
ity, Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Toil-Relaxa- 
tion. 

troub'-lous.  Tumultuous.  Regularity-Irregular- 
ity, Turbulence-Calmness;  troublous  times,  Vari- 
ance-Accord. 

trough.  A  wooden  vessel  for  holding  or  conveying 
water.  Convexity-Concavity,  Groove,  Water- 
course-Airpipe. 

trounce.  Punish.  Approval-Disapproval,  Exculpa- 
tion-Punition. 

troupe.  A  theatrical  company.  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing. 

trou'-sers.    A  man's  garment.     Dress-Undress. 

trous"-seau'.    A  bride's  outfit.    Dress-Undress. 

trout.     A  fresh-water  fish.     Fauna-Flora. 

trouvaille  [F.]  (tru-vaiy').    Godsend.    Gain-Loss. 

trouvbre  [F.]  (tru-ver').  Troubadour.  Poetry- 
Prose. 

tro'-ver.  The  finding  of  anything.  Discovery,  Gain- 
Loss,  Law-Lawlessness. 

trow.  Think;  believe;  know.  Faith-Misgiving, 
Knowledge-Ignorance,  Reflection- Vacancy. 

trow'-el.  A  tool  for  spreading  mortar.  Contents- 
Receiver. 

trow'-sers.    Same  as  trousers.    Dress-Undress. 

troy  weight.  A  weight  chiefly  used  in  weighing  gold, 
silver,  and  jewelry.     Heaviness-Lightness. 

tru'-ant.  Absent;  to  idle.  Activity-Indolence, 
Presence-Absence,  Quest-Evasion,  Uprightness- 
Rogue. 

truce.  Armistice.  Discontinuance-Continuance, 
Fighting-Conciliation,  Strife-Peace;  flag  of  truce, 
Fighting-Conciliation.  Mediation. 

tru"-ci-da'-tion.     Act  of  killing.     Life-Killing. 

truck.  Barter;  vehicle.  Conveyance-Vessel,  Ex- 
change, Top-Bottom. 

truck'-le  to.  Submit;  flatter.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Presumption-Obsequiousness,  Yielding. 

truc'-u-lence.  Barbarity;  cruelty.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

tru'-cu-lent.    Savage.  Charitableness-Malevolence. 


trudge.  Walk  slowly.  Swiftness-Slowness,  Travel 
ing-Navigation. 

truditur  dies  die  [L.]  (triu'-di-tvr  dai'-iz  dai'-i).  It  is 
hurried  day  by  day.    Period-Progress. 

true.  Real;  honorable;  accurate.  Approval-DisaP' 
proval,  Assent-Dissent,  Curvation-Rectiline- 
arity,  Entity-Nonentity,  Nature-Art,  Observ- 
ance-Nonobservance,  Theology,  Truth-Error, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood;  see  in  its  true  colors, 
Discovery;  true  bill,  Justification-Disparage- 
ment, Litigation;  true  meaning,  Meaning-Jargon; 
true  nature,  Likeness-Unlikeness;  true  saying, 
Adage-Nonsense;  true  to  oneself,  Persistence- 
Whim. 

true'-heart"-ed.  Sincere.  Truthfulness-Falsehood, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

true'-love".     One  really  beloved.     Love-Hate 

true'-lov"-er's  knot'.  A  kind  of  double  knot.  Bland- 
ishment, Love-Hate. 

true'pen"-ny.  Honest  fellow.  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

tru'-ism.  Axiom.  Adage-Nonsense,  Meaning-Jar- 
gon. 

trull.     Prostitute.     Purity-Rake. 

tru'-ly.  Very;  correctly;  honestly.  Assent-Dissent, 
Assertion-Denial,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Truth- 
Error,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

trump.  Perfect;  honorable.  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Success-Failure,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty; trump  card,  Design,  Suc- 
cess-Failure; trump  up,  Justification-Charge, 
Truthfulness-Falsehood;  turn  up  trumps,  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 

trumped  up.  Forged.  Truthfulness- Fabrication, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

trump'-er-y.  Trash.  Consequence-Insignificance, 
Meaning-Jargon. 

trump'-et.  A  wind  musical  instrument.  Bragging, 
Fighting-Conciliation,  Musical  Instruments; 
ear-trumpet,  Hearing-Deafness;  flourish  of  trump- 
ets, Bragging,  Pomp,  Solemnization;  penny 
trumpet.  Cacophony;  sound  of  trumpet,  Alarm; 
speaking-trumpet,  Hearing- Deafness;  trumpet 
blast,  Loudness-  Faintness;  trumpet-call,  Order, 
Sign;  trumpet  forth,  Publicity. 

trump'-et-er.  One  who  sounds  a  trumpet;  boaster. 
Bragging,  Messenger,  Musician. 

trump'-et-toned .     Tone  like  a  trumpet.     Cacophony. 

trump'-et-tongued.  Loud.  Loudness -Faintness, 
Publicity. 

trun'-cate.  Maimed.  Form-Formlessness,  Length- 
Shortness. 

trun'-ca-ted.     Maimed.     Entirety-Deficiency. 

trun'-cheon.  Weapon;  staff  of  office;  instrument  of 
punishment.  Attack- Defense,  Recompense- 
Scourge,  Scepter,  Weapon. 

trun'-dle.  Roll.  Push-Pull,  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion. 

trunk.  Origin;  main  body;  box.  Anatomy,  Cause- 
Effect,  Contents -Receiver,  Parentage- Prog- 
eny, Whole-Part. 

trunk'-hose.     Short  wide  breeches.     Dress-Undress. 

trun'-nion.  A  knob  projecting  on  each  side  of  •»  gun 
and  helping  support  it  on  the  cheeks  of  the  cannon. 
Suspension-Support. 

truss.  Support;  tie.  Gathering-Scattering,  Sus- 
pension-Support, Union-Disunion. 

trust.  Combination;  credit;  belief;  property.  Credit- 
Debt,  Expectation-Surprise,  Faith-Unbelief, 
Labor-Capital,  Property,  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness;  trust  to  a  broken  reed,  Security-Inse- 
curity, Skill-Unskilfulness;  trust  to  the  chapter 
of  accidents,  Purpose-Luck. 

trus-tee'.    Steward.    Consignee,  Holder,  Treasurer. 


TRUSTLESS. 


1085 


TRUTH— ERROR. 


trust'-less.     Unreliable.     Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

trust'- wor"-thy.  Reliable.  Certainty-Doubt,  Faith- 
Misgiving,  Remembrance- Forgetfulness,  Secu- 
rity-Insecurity, Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

trust'-y.     Trustworthy.     Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

truth.  Veracity.  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Truth- 
Error,   Truthfulness-Falsehood,    Uprightness- 


Dishonesty  ;  arrive  at  the  truth,  Discovery  ;  in  truth, 
Assertion-Denial,  Certainty-Doubt,  Truthful- 
ness-Falsehood; love  of  truth,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood;  of  a  truth,  Assertion-Denial,  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood; prove  the  truth,  Justification- 
Charge;  religious  truth,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy; 
speak  the  truth,  Exposure-Hidingplace,  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood. 


TRUTH— ERROR. 


Accuracy.     Exact  conformity  to  truth. 

Authenticity.     The  quality  of  being  established  for  truth. 

Clockwork  precision.     A  regular  and  continued  exactness. 

Delicacy.     Perfection  in  detail  and  harmony  in  adjustment. 

Exactitude.     The  quality  of  being  exactly  conformable  to  truth. 

Exactness.     The  quality  of  perfectly  conforming  to  a  standard. 

Exact  preciseuess.     Strict  or  perfect  exactness.     See  Adjectives. 

Exact  truth.     Perfect  conformity  to  reason. 

Fact.     Anything  done ,  anything  knowable  by  the  senses. 

Gospel.     That  which  is  held  to  be  infallibly  true. 

Honest  truth.     Truth  expressed  openly  and  frankly. 

Incontestable.     N  -t  1 1  be  disputed, 

Intrinsic  truth.     Truth  that  is  natural  and  inherent. 

Ipsissitna  verba  [L.].     The  very  words. 

Just  the  truth.     The  exact  truth. 

Mathematical  precision.     The  accuracy  of  mathematics. 

Naked  truth.     Simple  and  evident  truth. 

Nature.  That  which  is  conformed  to  nature  or  to  truth  and  reality. ' 
See  Surjectivenebs. 

Not  an  illusion.     Not  an  unreal  image  or  appearance,  but  the  real. 

Nuda  ventas    [  L.  ].     The  naked  truth . 

Orthodoxy.     Soundness  in  the  true  faith.     See  Orthodoxy. 

Grthology.     The  right  naming  or  correct  description  of  things. 

Plain  matter  of  fact.     Fact  plainly  evident  to  the  senses. 

Plain  truth.     Truth  that  is  readily  seen  or  understood. 

Preciseness.     Strict  accuracy  or  exactness. 

Precision.     The  quality  of  being  strictly  true. 

Punctuality.     The  quality  of  being  punctual  or  exact. 

Realism.     The  depicting  of  persons  and  scenes  as  they  truthfully  are. 

Reality.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  real ;  something  true  or  genu- 
ine.    See  Entity. 

Real  Simon  pure.     The  genuine  article. 

Rigor,     Exactness  without  indulgence. 

Sober  truth.  Expression  or  statement  not  swayed  by  excitement  or 
passion. 

Stern  truth      Truth  that  inspires  fear. 

The  truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth.  The  exact 
truth,  and  nothing  more. 

The  very  thing.     The  exact  thing. 

Truth.  The  state  or  character  of  being  true  J  fact  seen  in  the  light  of 
reason. 

Unalloyed  truth.     Absolute  truth. 


}The 


true  story  or  statement. 


Unqualified  truth. 

Unvarnished  tale, 

Veracity.     The  state  of  being  truthful. 

Verity.     A  true  statement;  something  really  existent. 

Truth — Verbs. 
Be  the  case.     Be  the  facts  what  they  may. 
Be  true.     To  conform  to  a  standard.     See  Adjectives. 
Get  at  the  truth.     To  find  out  what  is  true.     See  Discovery. 
Hold  good.     Remain  as  true. 
Hold  true.     Remain  truthful. 
Hold  water.     To  stand  true  after  examination. 
Prove  true.     To  establish  the  truth  by  evidence.     See  Adjectives. 
Render  true.     To  make  conformable  to  a  standard.     See  Adjectives. 
Stand  the  test.     Remain  true  after  examination. 
Substantiate.     To  establish  as  true  by  substantial  evidence. 

Truth — Adjectives. 
Accurate.     Conforming  exactly  to  truth. 
Actual.     Something  real  or  actually  existing.     See  Entity. 
Authentic.     According  with  the  facts;  trustworthy;  reliable. 
Categorically  true.     True  without  qualification. 
Certain.     Established  as  fact  or  truth.     See  Certainty. 
Constant.     Steady  in  purpose;  faithful. 
Correct.     In  accordance  with  what  is  true. 
Curious.     Eager  for  information. 

Definite.     Having  precise  limits;  known  with  exactness. 
Delicate.     Nice  in  discrimination. 
Exact.     Strictly  observant  of  truth. 
Ex  officio  [L-X     By  virtue  of  office. 


Bias.     A  prejudice  or  predilection.     See  Decision-  Misjudgmext. 

Blot.     A  disfiguring  spot  or  stain. 

Blunder.     A  stupid  error. 

Botchery.     Bungling  work.     See  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

Bubble.     Anything  unsubstantial ,  a  delusion. 

Bull.     A  ridiculous  contradiction  in  terms. 

Clerical  error.     A  mistake  in  copying  or  writing. 

Corrigendum.     A  thing  or  word  to  be  corrected. 

Cross-purposes.     Contrary  purposes,  misunderstanding. 

Delusion.     Erroneous  impression  or  belief. 

Dream.     A  vague  notion.     See  Fancy. 

Erratum  [L.J     An  error,  especially  in  writing  or  printing. 

Error.     A   wandering  from    the  truth;  something  done,  said,   or 

believed  wrongly. 
Fable.     A  brief  story  or  tale  feigned  or  invented  to  embody  a  moral. 

See  Truthpulness-Fabrication. 

Fallacy.     Deception  or  false  appearance,  nature,  or  quality. 

False  idea.  1  » 

■p  ,       .        r  An  erroneous  notion. 

False  impression.) 

False  light.     A  light  intended  to  mislead  or  deceive.     See  Sight- 

Dimsightedness. 
Falsism.     A  self-evident  falsity. 
Fault.     A  slight  error  in  conduct ;  defect. 
Flaw.     Something  in  an  instrument  rendering  it  invalid. 
Hallucination.     An  impression  not  founded  on  fact.     See  Saneness- 

Lunacy. 
Heresy.     A  doctrinal   view  or  belief  at  variance  with  recognized 

standards.     See  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 
Illusion.     Any  misleading  appearance. 
Inexactness.     The  want  of  precision.     See  Adjectives. 
Lapsus  lingua  [L.j.     A  slip  of  the  tongue. 
Laxity.     Want  of  exactness  or  precision  ;  looseness. 
Loose  thread.     A  statement  or  reasoning  not  exact  or  precise. 
Misapprehension.     A  mistake  in  apprehending. 
Miscomputation.     Erroneous    reckoning.     See    Decision-Misjudg- 

ment. 
Misconception.     An  erroneous  notion  or  understanding  of  a  thing. 
Misconstruction.     An  erroneous  interpretation  of  words  or  things. 

See  Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 
Misleading.     Leading  isto  error.     See  Verbs. 
Misprint.     An  error  in  printing. 
Misreport.     An  erroneous  report. 
Miss.     Mistake;  error. 

Misstatement.     An  erroneous  representation,  verbal  or  written. 
Mistake.     The  act  of  taking  something  to  be  other  than  it  is. 
Mists  of  error.     Anything  that  dims  the  mental  vision. 
Misunderstanding.     A  mistake  as  to  meaning  or  motive. 
Non  sequitur   [L.].     It  does  not  follow.     See  Ratiocination-Casu. 

istry. 
Oversight.     An  error  due  to  inattention. 

Quid  pro  quo  [L.].     Something  for  something;  an  equivalent. 
Self-deceit.     Self-deception. 
Self-deception.     Deception    concerning    oneself,    proceeding    from 

one's  own  error. 
Slip.     An  error  or  fault. 
Slip  of  the  pen.     A  lapse  in  writing. 
Slip  of  the  tongue.     A  lapse  in  speech. 

Stumble.     A  blunder  or  false  step.     See  Success-Failure. 
Trip.     A  false  step;  a  blunder. 

Error — Verbs. 
Be  at  cross-purposes.     To  disagree.     See  Decision. 
Be  deceived.     To  be  misled.     See  Gull. 
Be  erroneous.     To  be  mistaken.     See  Adjectives. 
Beguile.     To  deceive;  delude. 
B«  in  error.     To  be  wrong.     See  Adjectives. 
Be  in  the  wrong.     To  be  in  error. 

Be  mistaken.     To  take  something  to  be  what  it  is  not.     See  Verbs. 
Blunder.     To  err  egregiously. 

Deceive.     To  mislead  by  deluding.     See  Truthfulness-Fraud. 
Deceive  oneself.     To  cause  oneself  to  err. 
Delude.     To  lead  into  error:  beguile. 


TRU1H. 


1086 


TRUTH— ERROR 


TRUTH— ERROR— Continued. 


TRUTH— Adjectives— Continued. 

Faithful.     Firmly  adhering  to  the  truth. 

Fine.  Excellent  or  admirable  in  quality,  character,  form,  or  appear- 
ance. 

Genuine.     Belonging  to  the  original  or  true  stock. 

In  its  true  colors.     As  it  truly  is. 

Just.     Agreeing  with  a  required  standard ;  true. 

Legitimate.     Having  the  sanction  of  law  or  custom. 

Literal.     True  as  to  fact  or  detail. 

Mathematical.     Demonstrably  true  or  correct. 

Natural.     True  to  nature. 

Nice.     Fitted  or  adjusted  exactly  true ;  accurate. 

Official.     Pertaining  to  an  office  or  public  trust. 

Orthodox.  Holding  the  faith  commonly  accepted  as  true.  See  Or- 
thodoxy. 

Particular.     Exact  in  performance  or  requirement. 

Precise.     Strictly  accurate. 

Punctual.     Exact  as  to  appointed  time. 

Pure.     Free  from  mixture;  truly  genuine. 

Real.     Being  in  true  accordance  to  appearance  or  claim ;  genuine. 

Realistic.  Conformable  to  the  principles  and  methods  of  realism. 
See  Nouns. 

Religiously  exact.     Conscientiously  observant  of  truth. 

Right.     According  to  fact  or  truth. 

Rigid.     Strict;  exact. 

Rigorous.     Exacting;  logically  accurate. 

Scientific.  Agreeing  with  the  rules  or  principles  of  science;  hencv 
accurate ;  exact. 

Scrupulous.     Exact;  precise.     See  Uprightness. 

Solid.     Characterized  by  reality;  substantial  or  satisfactory. 

Sound.     Founded  in  truth. 

Sterling.     True;  genuine. 

Strict.     Exacting;  rigidly  observed. 

Substantial.     Of  true  worth  and  importance. 

Substantially  true.     Essentially  true. 

Tangible.     Perceptible  by  touch  or  by  the  senses. 

True.     Conformable  to  fact  in  the  light  of  reason. 

True  as  gospel.     Absolutely  truthful. 

True  to  the  letter.     True  in  every  particular. 

Unadulterated.     Genuine;  pure. 

Unaffected.     Simple,  true  to  nature. 

Uncolored.     True;  without  prejudice  or  exaggeration. 

Unconfuted.     Not  confuted  or  proved  false ;  hence,  true. 

Undisguised.  Not  covered  with  a  disguise ,  hence,  open,  frank,  truth- 
ful. 

Undistorted.     Not  distorted,  as  by  falsehood. 

Unerring.     Certain ;  of  true  insight. 

Unexaggerated.     Not  exaggerated ,  hence,  truthful. 

Unflattering.     Not  coloring  the  truth  to  please. 

Unideal.     Not  ideal ;  real. 

Unimagined.     Not  imagined,  conceived,  or  formed  in  idea. 

Unimpeachable.  Not  capable  of  being  impeached  or  called  in  ques- 
tion. 

Unrefuted.     Not  capable  of  being  refuted;  hence,  truthful. 

Unromantic.     Contrary  to  romance. 

Unsophisticated.     Simple;  pure. 

Unvarnished.      Not  artfully  embellished,  plain. 

Valid.     Sufficiently  supported  by  actual  fact. 

Veracious.     Observant  of  truth.     See  Truthfulness. 

Veritable.     Agreeable  to  truth. 

Well-defined.     Having  the  precise  limit  well-marked. 

We  -  oun  e   , ,    i  poun(je(j  on  g00d  ano<  true  reasons. 
Well-grounded .  >         * 

Truth — Adverbs,  etc. 

Actually.     In  truth. 

Ad  amussim  [L.].     Accurately;  exactly. 

Ad  unguent  [L.J,     To  a  hair;  exactly. 

At  all  events.     In  all  probability. 

At  any  rate.     Certainly. 

Au  pied  ae  la  lettre  [F.].     Literally. 

Certainly.     "With  certainty.     See  Certainty. 

Chapter  and  verse.     Accurately. 

Exactly.     Strictly.     See  Adjectives. 

In  all  respects.     In  every  regard. 

Indeed.     In  fact. 

In  effect      In  fact  or  reality.     See  Susjectiveness. 

In  every  respect.     In  every  regard ;  entirely. 

In  reality.     In  truth  or  fact. 

Ipsissimis  verbis  [L.].     The  very  words. 

Literally.     Exactly  in  fact  or  detail. 

Literatim  [L.].     Letter  for  letter;  liberally. 

Neither  more  nor  less.     Exactly. 


ERROR— Verbs— Continued 


■  To  mislead. 


Dream.  To  think  of  things  which  have  only  an  imaginary  reality. 
See  Fancy. 

Err.  To  mistake  in  judgment  or  opinion;  wander  from  the  right 
way. 

Fail.     To  prove  inadequate  or  defective.     See  Success-Failure. 

Fall  into  an  error.     To  be  wrong. 

Falsify.     To  represent  falsely. 

Give  a  false  idea.  1  , 

Give  a  false  impression./ 

Go  astray.     To  go  into  error. 

Labor  under  an  error.     To  have  a  false  idea.     See  Nouns. 

Lead  astray.     To  lead  into  error. 

Lead  into  error.     To  mislead. 

Lie.  To  utter  falsehood  with  intention  to  lead  into  error.  Sem 
Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

Lie  under  an  error.     To  be  mistaken.     See  Nouns. 

Lose  oneself.  To  be  uncertain  of  one's  views.  See  Certainty- 
Doubt. 

Misapprehend.     To  form  an  erroneous  apprehension  of. 

Miscalculate.  To  calculate  erroneously.  See  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment. 

Misconceive.     To  have  an  erroneous  understanding  of  anything. 

Miscount.     To  make  erroneous  reckoning. 

Misguide.     To  lead  or  guide  into  error. 

Misinform.  To  give  erroneous  information  to.  See  Education- 
Misteaching. 

Mislead.     To  guide  into  error. 

Misreckon.     To  compute  erroneously. 

Misstate.     To  make  an  erroneous  representation  of. 

Mistake.     To  take  :n  error.  • 

Misunderstand.     To  take  in  an  erroneous  sense. 

Play  at  cross-purposes.  To  disagree.  See  Interpretation-Mis- 
interpretation. 

Put  the  saddle  on  the  wrong  horse.     To  ascribe  blame  erroneously. 

Receive  a  false  impression.     To  misunderstand. 

Reckon  without  one's  host.  To  reckon  the  cost  of  entertainment 
without  consulting  one's  host;  hence,  to  neglect  important  facts 
in  reaching  a  conclusion. 

Stumble.     To  confound ;  puzzle. 

Take  the  shadow  for  the  substance.  To  take  something  to  be  what 
it  is  not.     See  Credulousness. 

Take  the  wrong  sow  by  the  ear.  To  hit  upon  the  wrong  person  or 
thing.     See  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

Trip.     To  cause  to  fail ,  catch  in  a  mistake. 

E  r  r  o  r — A  djectives. 

Aberrant.     Wandering  into  error. 

AH  in  the  wrong.     Wholly  in  error. 

Apocryphal.     Of  doubtful  authenticity,  spurious. 

Astray.     Wandering  into  error  or  evil.     See  Certainty-Doubt. 

At  cross-purposes.  In  disagreement.  See  Interpretation-Mis- 
interpretation. 

Beside  the  mark.     Away  from  the  mark,  or  in  error. 

Controvertible.     Not  too  evident  to  exclude  difference  of  opinion. 

Deceitful.  Tending  to  mislead  or  ensnare.  See  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

Delusive.     Apt  to  lead  into  error. 

Devoid  of  truth.     Not  possessing  truth. 

Erroneous.     Marked  by  error. 

Exploded.     Having  had  the  falsity  or  error  of  shown. 

Fallacious.     Of,  pertaining  to,  or  involving  a  fallacy  or  error. 

False.     Contrary  to  truth  or  fact ;  erroneously  believed  to  exist. 

Groundless.     Without  foundation  in  truth. 

Heretical.  At  variance  with  or  subversive  of  accepted  views  or 
beliefs.     See  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

Ideal.  Consisting  of,  pertaining  to,  or  existing  in  ideas.  Set 
Fancy. 

Illogical.     Of  erroneous  reasoning.     See  Ratiocination-Casuistry 

Illusive.     Deceiving  by  false  show. 

Illusory.     Tending  to  lead  into  error  by  false  appearances. 

Inaccurate.     Not  accurate;  erroneous. 

Incorrect.     In  error;  faulty. 

Indefinite.  Not  definite,  determinate,  or  precise.  See  Certainty- 
Doubt. 

I>  error.     Wrong.     See  Nouns. 

Inexact.     Not  precisely  true. 

In  the  wrong  box.     Erroneously  placed. 

Mistaken.     Wrong  in  judgment.     See  Verbs. 

Mock.     False;  counterfeit. 

On  a  false  scent.        J  Tracing  anything  erroneously. 
On  the  wr»og  scent.  >  *      ' 


TRUTH. 


1087 


TRUTHFULNESS— FALSEHOOD. 


TRUTH— ERROR—  Continued. 


TRUTH — -Adverbs,  etc. — Continued. 

Sic  [L.L     So;  thus;  literally  reproduced. 

Sous  tous  les  rapports  [F.].     In  all  respects. 

Strictly  speaking.     Speaking  exactly;  in  strict  observance  to  truth. 

To  a  hair. 

To  a  nicety. 

To  an  inch. 

To  a  T.  \  Exactly. 

To  a  title. 

To  a  turn. 

To  the  letter. 

Totidem  verbis  [L.].     In  so  many  words. 

Truly.     In  conformity  with  truth  or  reality.     Sec  Adjectives. 

Verbatim  [L.].     In  the  exact  words. 

Verbatim  et  literatim  [L.].     Word  for  word  and  letter  for  letter. 

Verily.     Truly. 

With  truth.     Truthfully.     See  Truthfulness. 

Word  for  word.     In  the  exact  words. 

Truth — Phrases. 
En  suivant  la  veriti  [F.].     In  following  the  truth. 
Ex  facto  jus  oritur  [L.J     The  law  arises  out  of  fact. 
Locos  y  ninos  dicen  la  verdad  [Sp.].     Children  and  fools  speak  the 

truth. 
Rem  acu  tetigisti  [L.].     You  have  hit  the  thing  exactly. 
The  fact  is. 


The  truth  is. 


This  is  the  truth. 


ERROR — Adjectives — Continued. 

°u'\  ,         .       .        }  Mistaken. 

Out  in  ones  reckoning.  > 

Perverted.     Turned  to  error. 

Refuted .     Proved  in  error. 

Spurious.     Not  genuine;  false.     See  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

Tripping.     B  Hindering.     See  Verbs. 

Unauthenticated.     Not  shown  to  be  genuine. 

Under  an  error.     Mistaken.     See  Nouns. 

Unexact.     Not  correct  or  accurate. 

Ungrounded.     Without  foundation  in  truth. 

Unreal.     Not  real. 

Unsound.     Not  founded  on  truth  or  correct  principles. 

Unsubstantial.     Not  real;  not  having  substance.     See  Substanc* 

Nullity. 

Unsustainable.     Not  capable  of  being  sustained  or  supported. 

Untrue.     Not  according  to  truth. 

Untrustworthy.     Not  worthy  of  being  trusted. 

Wideofthemark.lt,      ,         ,    . 

Wide  of  the  truth./  Far  from  bemg  true- 

.Error — Adverbs. 

More  or  less.     To  a  greater  or  less  degree  of  truth. 

Error — Phrase. 

Errare  est  humanum  [L.J     To  err  is  human. 


Truth',  Spir'-it  of.     God.     Divinity. 


truth'-ful-ness.    Veracity.  Truthfulness- Falsehood 


TRUTHFULNESS— FALSEHOOD. 


Artlessness.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  without  deceit.  See 
Craft-Artlessness. 

Bona  fide  [L.].     Good  faith. 

Candor.      Freedom  from  mental  reservation;  openness. 

Conjurer.      One  who  confirms  another's  testimony. 

Fact.     Concrete  truth ;  a  true  or  correct  statement.     See  Truth. 

Fidelity.     Faithfulness  in  the  discharge  of  duty,  or  of  obligation. 

Frankness.     The  quality  of  being  frank;  ingenuousness. 

Honest  truth.     The  unreserved  truth. 

Honesty.     Character  or  quality  of  being  honest;  uprightness. 

Ingenuousness.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  open  in  character, 
frankness. 

Light  of  truth.      Unobscured  truth. 

Love  of  truth.     A  delight  in  what  is  true. 

Plain-dealing.     Frankness  and  sincerity;  straightforward  honesty. 

Probity.  Strict  honesty,  able  to  withstand  tests.  See  Upright- 
ness. 

Sincerity.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  free  from  deceit;  truthful- 
ness. 

Sober  truth.     Truth  which  must  be  considered  seriously. 

The  truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth.  The  un- 
varnished truth  in  its  entirety  and  nothing  more. 

Truth.  The  state  or  character  of  being  true  in  being,  knowledge,  or 
speech. 

Truthfulness.     The  quality  of  speaking  the  truth. 

Unvarnished  tale.     A  true  description  or  story. 

Veracity.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  truthful  or  observant  of 
truth. 

Truthfulness — Verbs. 

Make  a  clean  breast  of.     To  confess  all. 

Not  deceive.  Not  to  mislead  by  falsehood.  See  Truthfulness- 
Fraud. 

Not  lie.  Not  to  utter  a  statement  to  deceive.  See  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

Paint  in  its  true  colors.  To  describe  without  reservation  or  equivo- 
cation. 

Show  oneself  in  one's  true  colors.     To  expose  one's  real  self. 

Speak  by  the  card.      To  speak  from  exact  knowledge. 

Speak  one's  mind.     To  speak  out  frankly. 

Speak  the  truth.     To  give  utterance  to  what  is  true. 

Tell  the  truth.      Not  to  speak  falsehoods ;  to  speak  what  you  know. 

Truthfulness— Adjectives. 
As  good  as  one's  word.     Reliable;  possessing  quality  of  keeping  a 

promise. 
Bona  fide  [L.J     In  good  faith;  without  deceit. 
Candid.     Sincere  in  speech  ,  straightforward  ;  clear;  white. 
Frank.      Free  from  concealment;  open  in  manner. 


Artfulness.     Dcceitfulness. 

_.      ,   .  '  \  Undue  or  fraudulent  pretensions  to  skill. 

Charlatanry.    >  * 

Deceit.     The  quality  of  being  deceptive. 

Falsehood.     The  quality  of  being  deceitful. 

Falseness.     The  quality  of  being  untrue. 

Falsism.     An  assertion  the  falsity  of  which  is  plainly  apparent. 

Falsity.     The  quality  of  being  false,  characterized  by  deception. 

Hollowness.     Deceitfulness. 

Hypocrisy.     The  acting  of  a  false  part. 

Insincerity.     The  lack  of  the  quality  of  being  sincere. 

Mealy-mouthedness.     Speaking  with  insincerity. 

Unfairness.     Dishonesty;  fraud.     See  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

Falsehood — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Bam.     A  cheat. 

Buncome.     Inflated  or  bombastic  speech-making  only  for  effect. 

Bunkum.     Buncume. 

Cajolery.     The  act  or  practise  of  making  delusive  sj,eech. 

Cant.     The  hypocritical  use  of  speech  to  appear  pious. 

Covin.     A  secret  agreement  to  defraud  another. 

Crocodile  tears.     Simulated  or  pretended  weeping. 

Deception.     The  act  of  deceiving  or  misleading  another  by  spoken  ox 

acted  falsehood.     See  Truthfulness-Fraud. 
Dissembling.     Concealing;  a  giving  the  semblance  of  something  to. 
Dissimulation.     The  act  or  practise  of  feigning;  deceit. 
Distortion.     A  straining  or  perversion  of  meaning. 
Double-dealing.     The  act  of  being  treacherous  or  deceitful 
Duplicity.     The  act  of  speaking  differently  with  different  persons  in 

relation  to  the  same  things;  double-dealing. 
Equivocation.     The  act  of  equivocating  for  the  purpose  of  deceit. 
Evasion.     The  act,  means,  or  result  of  evading,  eluding,  or  avoiding 
Exaggeration.     The  act  of  representing   with   extravagance.     Sec 

Gull-Hyperbole. 
Fabrication.     That  which  is  invented;  a  concoction,  a  falsehood. 
False  coloring.     Specious  appearance. 
False  swearing.     Perjury. 
Falsification.     The  act  or  process  of  falsifying;    the  representing  cf 

anything  to  be  what  it  is  not.  ,. 

Fencing.     The  act  of  avoiding  making  disclosures. 
Flam.   .A  false  pretense;  sham;  falsehood;  lie. 
Flattery.      Insincere  complimentary  language  or  conduct. 
Flim-flam.  The  process  of  cheating  a  person  by  confusing  him  gn  that 

he  pays  out  more  change  than  he  ought. 
Forgery.     The  act  of  falsely  making  or  altering  writing  vtith  intent  to 

defraud. 
Fraud .     An  act  of  deliberate  deception  for  gain. 
Gammon.     An  imposition  or  hoax. 


TRUTHFULNESS. 


1088 


TRUTHFULNESS— FALSEHOOD. 


TRUTHFULNESS— FALSEHOOD—  Continued, 


TRUTHFULNESS— Adjectives— Continued. 

Guileless       Free  from  guile"  artless    frank. 
Honest       Free  from  fraud .  equitable,  fair. 

Ingenuous      Free  from  reserve  disguise,  equivocation,  or  dissimula- 
tion 
Open.     Without  reserve  or  false  pretense. 
Open-hearted.     Showing  the  thoughts  and  intentions  plainly. 
Outspoken,     Plain-spoken,  frank,  speaking  out  freely  and  frankly. 
Pure.     Free  from  moral  defilement. 
Scrupulous.     Cautious  in  action  for  fear  of  doing  wrong. 
Simple-hearted       Open ,  sincere. 

Sincere.     Acting  and  speaking  the  truth;  without  alloy. 
Straightforward      Free  from  prevarication  or  concealment. 
True.     Conformable  to  reality  or  fact  and  law. 
True-blue      Of  uncompromising  principles. 
True-hearted       Loyal ;  faithful ,  honest ;  sincere. 
Trustworthy.     Worthy  of  confidence. 
Truthful.      Habitually  speaking  the  truth. 
Unaffected,      Not  showing  affectation,  sincere;  real. 
Undisguised .     Not  concealed  by  false  appearances. 
Undissembling.     True.     See  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 
Unfeigned.      Not  hypocritical;  real. 
Unperjured.     Free  from  perjury;  not  forsworn. 
Unreserved.      Holding  nothing  back-  frank. 
Veracious.      Habitually  disposed  to  speak  the  truth. 
Veridical.     Truth-telling,  veracious. 

Truthfulness — Adverbs,  etc. 
As  the  dial  of  the  sun.     Without  deviation. 
As  the  needle  to  the  pole      Directly. 
Bona  fide  [L.].     In  good  faith,  without  deceit. 
By  my  troth.     Of  a  truth.     See  Assertion. 
Cartes  sur  table  [F.].     The  cards  upon  the  table ;  openly. 
From  the  bottom  of  one's  heart.     Truly. 

Honor  bright.     An  expletive  used  to  emphasize  an  affirmation. 
In  foro  conscientiee  [L.].     In  the  forum  of  conscience. 
In  good  earnest.     In  reality. 
In  good  sooth.     Truly. 
In  good  truth.     In  sound  reason. 
In  plain  words.     In  simple  language. 
In  sooth.     In  truth. 
In  truth.     In  the  language  of  reason. 
Of  a  truth.     Assuredly. 
Sooth  to  say.     In  truth. 
Troth.     In  truth. 
Truly.     In  conformity  with  reason. 
Unfeignedly.     Without  hypocrisy,  really. 
With  no  nonsense.     Truthfully  and  seriously. 
Without  equivocation      With  nothing  but  the  plain  meaning. 
With  truth.     Without  falsifying. 

Truthfulness — Phrases 
Audacter  et  sincere  [L.]      Bravely  and  sincerely. 
Dichtung  und  WahrhHt  [G.]      Fiction  and  truth. 
Di  il  vero  e  affronterai  it  dia^olo  [It.].     Speak  the  truth  and  you  will 

shame  the  devil. 
Esto  quod  e<se  videris  [L.].      Be  what  you  seem  to  be. 
Magna  est  Veritas  et  prceialet  [L.].     Great  is  truth  and  it  prevails. 
Veritas  odium  parit  [h.].     Truth  engenders  hatred 
Veritatis  simplex  oratio  e?t  [L.].     The  language  of  truth  is  simple. 
Verite  sans  peur  [F.].     Truth  without  fear. 


FALSEHOOD— Verbs—  Continued  from  Column  2 

Falsify.     To  make  deceptive  or  delusive,  to  misrepresent 

Feign      To  make  a  false  show  of 

Fence,     To  talk  in  defense  not  openly 

Fib.     To  tell  a  harmless  untruth ,  to  tell  a  white  lie. 

Forge.     To  make  false  or  alter  writing  with  intent  to  defraud 

Forswear      To  swear  falsely,  commit  perjury 

Garble.     To  change  with  evil  intent,  pervert,  falsify. 

Get  up.     To  make  up;  to  disguise. 

Give  a  color  to.     To  invest  with  the  appearance  of  truth  or  reality. 

Give  a  false  coloring  upon.     To  make  to  appear  more  beautiful 

Give  a  gloss.     To  make  to  have  a  greater  brilliancy 

Gloss  over.     To  excuse,  to  give  a  false  appearance  to. 

Hang  out  false  colors.     To  use  a  flag  without  right. 

Hatch.     To  make  up. 

Hold  out  false  colors.     To  hold  out  dishonest  inducements. 

Invent.      To  fabricate  in  the  mind;  concoct    devise. 

Lie.     To  speak  knowingly  and  wrongly  that  which  is  not  true. 

Lie  like  a  conjurer.     To  falsify  with  skill. 


FALSEHOOD — Nouns  of  Agent — Continued 

Guile.     The  act  of  deceiving    the  disposition  to  deceive. 
Humbug.     Any  person  or  thing  calculated  or  intended  to  deceive. 
Hypocrisy.     The  acting  of  a  false  part 
//  vollo  sciolto   i  pensieri  stretti     [It  J  Countenance   open   and 

thoughts  closed 
Invention.     Mental  fabrication  or  concoction. 
Jugglery.     Trickery;   imposture;   as,  political  jugglery. 


Judas  kiss.     The  act  of  betraying  under  guise  of  friendship. 

Lip  homage.      Homage  rendered  by  the  lips  only 

Lip  service.     Service  in  profession  as  opposed  to  practise 

Lying.     The  practise  of  telling  falsehoods 

Machiavelism      The  justification  of  the  means  by  the  end. 

Malingering.  The  act  of  feigning  or  inducing  sickness  or  injury  to 
avoid  duty 

Mendacity      A  lie.  a  falsehood. 

Mere  outside.     That  which  is  superficial 

Mere  show.     That  which  is  done  for  effect. 

Misrepresentation.     The  act  or  instance  of  misrepresenting. 

Misstatement.  A  wrong  or  false  statement  or  account.  See  Truth- 
Error 

Mouth  honor.     An  insincere  expression  of  esteem  or  respect. 

Mystification      The  act  of  artfully  perplexing. 

Organized  hypocrisy.  Continued  falsehood  or  deception  See  Vv* 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

Perfidy.     The  act  of  violating  faith  or  allegiance 

Perjury.     The  giving  of  false  testimony  under  oath. 

Perversion.     Diversion  from  the  true  meaning. 

Perversion  of  truth      Misapplication  of  truth 

Pharisaism.     Formality  self-righteousness  or  hypocrisy 

Pretending.     The  act  of  making  a  pretense. 

Pretense .     The  act  of  making  a  false  assumption 

Prevarication      The  act  of  makingmisleading  statements  to  deceive. 

Quackery.     Fraudulent  practise 

Sham.     That  which  or  the  cr.c  who  is  a  deception 

Shuffling.     Evading  the  truth .  prevaricating 

Simulation  The  act  of  assuming  a  false  form,  appearance,  charac- 
ter, or  condition. 

Subreption.  Procuring  of  some  favor  or  reward  by  fraudulent  con« 
cealment 

Suggestio  falsi  [L.J      A  suspicion  of  falsity 

Suppression  of  truth.     The  keeping  back  or  hiding  truth. 

Suppressio  veri  [L  ]      The  suppression  of  truth. 

Falsehood — Verbs 

Act  a  part.     To  appear  to  be  what  one  is  not 

Affect.     To  do  for  effect    assume  .   put  on 

Ambiguas  in  vulgum  spargere  voces  [L  ]  To  spread  doubtful  rumon 
among  the  populace 

Assume.     To  put  on  deceitfully 

Be  a  liar      To  practise  falsehood 

Bear  false  witness.     To  give  untrue  evidence. 

Beat  about  the  bush.     To  approach  a  subject  in  a  roundabout  way. 

Be  false.     To  appear  to  be  what  it  is  not. 

Belie      To  represent  falsely,  misrepresent 

Blague.     To  humbug 

Blow  hot  and  cold.     To  vacillate,  be  inconsistent  or  irresolute 

Cant.     To  make  hypocritical  use  of  speech  to  appear  pious 

Clean  the  outside  of  the  platter.     To  appear  in  a  false  light 

folor.     To  make  to  appear  in  a  false  and  specious  light 

Commend  the  poisoned  chalice  to  the  lips.  To  be  treacherous  [Shake- 
speare Macbeth,  I,  vii  ] 

Concoct.     To  scheme 

Cook.     To  tamper  with  or  garble  for  the  purpose  of  deceiving. 

Coquet.     Tc  deceive  in  love 

Counterfeit.     To  make  a  copy  of  to  deceive ;  to  feign 

Cry  *'  Wolf  V*     To  frighten  with  imaginary  terrors      [^Esop,  Fable} 

Deceive.     To  mislead  by  or  as  by  falsehood  or  deceit 

Disguise.     To  change  the  appearance  of,  so  as  to  deceive 

Dissemble.     To  conceal  as  by  a  false  appearance  or  pretense. 

Dissimulate.     To  give  a  false  appearance  to;  to  feign. 

Distort.     To  interpret  falsely;  to  give  a  strained  meaning  to. 

Dress  up.     To  put  on  disguise. 

Embroider.     To  embellish  with  additions. 

Equivocate.     To  use  words  of  double  meaning  to  deceive 

Exaggerate.     To  describe  or  represent  with  extravagant  additions. 

Fabricate.     To  invent  fancifully  or  falsely 

Faire  pattes  de  velours  [F  J  To  make  claws  of  velvet ;  to  be  deceit- 
ful 

{Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


TRUTHFULNESS. 


1089 


TRUTHFULNESS— FABRICATION 


FALSEHOOD — Verbs— Continued. 


Lie  like  a  trooper.     To  be  an  inveterate  Kar. 

Make  a  show  of.  To  make  a  pretense;  to  make  an  appearance  with- 
out reality. 

Make-believe.     To  pretend. 

Malinger .     1  o  feign  or  induce  sickness  to  avoid  service  or  shirk  duty. 

Mince  the  tr-'.th.     To  affect  extreme  delicacy  in  discussing  things. 

Misjite.     To  cite  erroneously. 

Misquote.     To  quote  wrongly  or  incorrectly. 

Misreport.     To  make  a  false  report;  slander. 

Misrepresent.     To  make  false  or  wrong  representations  concerning. 

Misstate ,     To  state  wrongly  or  falsely. 

Palter.     To  deal  in  a  trifling  manner;  to  equivocate. 

Palter  to  the  understanding.     To  attempt  to  confuse. 

Pass  off  for.     To  give  out  or  circulate  as  genuine. 

Perjure  oneself.     To  swear  falsely. 

Pervert.     To  turn  from  its  right  meaning. 

Play  a  double  game.  To  have  one  line  of  action  openly  for  the  pur- 
pose of  concealing  another  or  the  real  line. 

Play  a  part.     To  feign. 

Play  fals^.     To  act  falsely. 

Play  fast  and  loose.     To  be  tricky  or  untrustworthy. 

Play  the  hypocrite.     To  make  false  professions  of  one's  belief. 

Pretend.     To  act  or  speak  as  if  the  facts  were  other  than  they  are. 

Prevaricate.  To  use  ambiguous  language  for  the  purpose  of  deceiv- 
ing. 


Put  a  false  coloring  upon.     To  make  more  attractive  than  reality. 

Put  a  false  construction  upon.     To  make  a  wrong  interpretation  of. 

Put  a  gloss  on.     To  cover  over. 

Put  on.     To  assume. 

Put  on  the  mask.     To  conceal. 

Quibble.     To  evade  the  plain  truth  by  artifice. 

Repondre  en  Normand  [F.].  To  reply  like  a  Norman;  to  answersva. 
sively. 

Romance.     To  indulge  in  false  or  visionary  fabrications. 

Sail  under  false  colors.     To  pass  for  what  one  is  not. 

Say  the  grapes  aie  sour.  To  give  an  untrue  reason  for  not  taking 
something,     [>Esop,  Fable,] 

Sham.     To  make  a  false  pretense  of. 

Sham  Abraham.     To  feign  sickness. 

Shuffle.     Evasive  or  tricky  course  of  behavior. 

Simulate.  To  assume  the  mere  appearance  or  form  of  without  the  re- 
ality. 

Speak  falsely.     To  tell  untruths. 

Swear  false.     To  give  false  witness. 

Tell  a  lie.     Utter  a  falsehood.     See  Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

Trim.     To  practise  double-dealing. 

Trump  up.     To  make  up  or  invent  for  a  fraudulent  purpose. 

Varnish.     To  give  a  fair  coloring  to  by  words;  to  gloss  over. 

Varnish  right  and  puzzle  wrong.  To  put  on  a  false  or  deceitful  appear- 
ance. 


Falsehood — Adjectives. 


Affected.  Assumed  falsely  or  in  outward  semblance  only.  See  Apfec- 

TATION. 

Artful.     Produced  or  characterized  by  craft  or  cunning. 

Canting.     Said  in  a  hypocritical  way. 

Collusive.     Fraudulently  concerted  or  devised. 

■Collusory.     Plotting  secretly  with  evil  design. 

Covinous.     Fraudulent;  collusive. 

Deceitful.     Characterized  by  deception;  tricky.    See  Truthpulness* 

Fraud. 
Dishonest.     Destitute  of  integrity  or  good  faith;  untrustworthy. 
Disingenuous.     Wanting  in  openness  and  honesty. 
Double-dealing.     Treacherous ;  deceitful. 
Double-faced.     Deceitful;  hypocritical. 
Double-handed.      Deceitful;  deceptive. 
Double-hearted.     False;  deceitful. 
Double-minded.     Unsettled;  unstable. 
Double-tongued.     Characterized  by  duplicity  of  speech. 
Evasive.     Tending  to  deceive. 

Faithless.     Untrue  to  promise  or  obligation;  deceptive;  unfaithful. 
False.     Contrary  to  truth;  erroneous;  not  accordant  with  fact. 
Falsified .     Misrepresented. 
Forsworn.     Perjured. 

Fraudulent.     Based  on,  proceeding  from,  or  characterized  by  fraud. 
Hollow.     Insincere;  empty  or  vacant,  as  if  containing  nothing. 


Hypocritical.     Characterized  by  hypocrisy. 

Insincere.     Acting,  speaking,  or  appearing  falsely  to  deceive. 

Janus  faced .     Double-faced. 

Jesuitical.     Using  crafty  or  insidious  arts  or  methods. 

Machiavellian.     Crafty  or  cruel  in  politics;  treacherous. 

Mealy-mouthed.     Speaking  with  insincerity. 

Mendacious.     Addicted  to  lying;  falsifying 

Parthis  mendacior  [L.].     More  deceitful  than  Parthians. 

Perfidious.     Violating  good  faith.     See  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

Pharisaical.      Observing  the  form  but  neglecting  the  spiritof  religion. 

Plausible.     Seeming  likely  to  be  true  though  open  to  doubt. 

Smooth-faced.     Having  a  bland  expression  to  deceive. 

Smooth-spoken.     Using  plausible  and  flattering  speech. 

Smooth-tongued.     Using  easy  speech. 

Spurious.     Not  genuine;  false. 

Tartuffish.     H  ypocritical. 

Trothless.    .  Faithless;  treacherous. 

Truthless.     Not  agreeing  with  fact. 

Uncandid.     Not  frank. 

Unfair.     Not  honest. 

Uningenuous.     Not  free  from  reserve,  disguise, equivocation  or  di? 

simulation. 
Untrue.     Not  corresponding  with  fact. 
Unveracious.     Not  habitually  disposed  to  speak  the  truth. 


A  la  Tartufe     [F.J     LikeTartufe;  hypocritically. 
.Falsely,     In  a  false  manner;  dishonestly. 


Falsehood — Adverbs,  etc. 

[Moliere.]  Slyly.     In  a  sly  manner;  artfully.     See  Craft. 

With  a  double  tongue.     With  duplicity. 


tilandce  mendacta  lingua  [L.J     Falsehood  of  a  smooth  tongue. 
Falsus  in  uno,  jalsus  in  omnibus  [L.J.     False  in  one  point,  false  in  all. 


FALSEHOorj — Phrases. 

Tous  songes  sont  men  songes  [F.J. 


Dreams  all  are  lies  all. 


TRUTHFULNESS— FABRICATION. 


Fabrication. 


Bosh.     Empty  words. 

Bounce.     An  audacious  lie. 

Canard.     A  fabricated  sensational  statement. 

Canterbury  Tale.     A  story  told  by  a  traveler  to  pass  away  the  time, 

like  those  told  in  Chaucer  by  prilgrims  to  the  shrine  of  Thomas 

a  Becket,  at  Canterbury. 
Clap-trap.      Language  or  conduct  designed  only  to  evoke  applause. 
Cock-and-bull  story.     A  highly  improbable  story. 
Concealment.      Hidden  knowledge. 
Crammer.     A  lie. 

Deception.     An  act  that  deceives.     See  Truthfulness-Fraud, 
Disguise.      False  speech. 

Empty  words.     Words  without  sense  or  meaning. 
Evasion.     The  act.  means,  or  result  of  avoiding  by  artifice. 
Exaggeration.      Extravagant  statements.     See  Gull-Hyperbole. 
Fable.      A  storv  feigned  or  invented  to  embody  a  moral. 
Fabrication.     That  which  is  feigned  or  fabricated ;  a  falsehood 
Falsehood.     An  intentional  untruth. 
fir- 


False  plea.     A  false  pretense  or  pretext. 

False  statement.     A  wrong  recital  of  facts.     t 

False  story.     An  invention  or  fabrication. 

Falsification.     The  telling  or  acting  of  falsehood. 

Fib.     An  untruth  told  without  evil  intent. 

Fiction.     That  which  is  feigned  or  imagined. 

Forgery.     Something  made  in   false  and  fraudulent  imitation  of 

something  genuine. 
Gloss.     A  deceptive  show. 
Half-truth.     An  assertion  that  is  true  as  far  as  it  goes,  but  conceali 

part  of  the  truth. 
Hum.     A  trick;  a  cheat. 
Invention.     Mental  fabrication. 
Irony.     The  use  of  words  designed  to  convey  a  meaning  opposite  to 

the  literal  sense. 
Judas  kiss.     A  hypocritical  and  deceitful  mark  of  affection.     [Bible.] 
Lie.     A  statement  made  with  intention  to  deceive. 
Make-believe.     A  pretense. 


TRUTHFULNESS. 


1090 


TRUTHFULNESS— FRAUD. 


Mare's  nest.     A  discovery  that  seems  important,  but  turns  out  to 

a  hoax. 
Mental  reservation.     A  withholding  of  truth  or  knowledge. 
Misrepresentation.     A  wrong  or  false  representation. 
Misstatement.     A  wrong  or  false  statement  or  account. 
Moonshine.     Pretense. 

Myth,     A  fictitious  narrative  presented  as  historical. 
Nursery  tale.     A  story  or  fable  to  amuse  children. 
Perversion.     Diversion  from  the  true  meaning. 
Pious  fraud.     A  deception  intended  to  bring  about  a  good  result. 
Pretense.  I  That  which  is  advanced  or  displayed  for  the  purpose 
Pretext.    )       concealing  or  misrepresenting. 
Profession.     A  pretense. 
Romance.     A  form  of  prose  fiction. 
Sell.     A  trick,  joke,  or  swindle. 
Sham.     A  fraudulent  show. 
Shave.     A  fabricated  report. 
Shift.     An  artful  trick. 

Shuffle.     An  evasive  or  tricky  course  of  behavior. 
Story.     A  real  or  fictitious  narrative  of  events ;  a  lie. 
Subterfuge .     Evasion . 

Suggestio  falsi  [L.].     A  suggestion  of  falsity. 
Tarradiddle.     A  false  statement. 
Thing  devised  by  the  enemy.     A  trap  or  deception. 
Thing  that  is  not.     A  fabrication. 
Traveler's  tale.     An  exaggerated  story. 
Trumped-up  statement.     A   statement  made  up   or  invented   for 

fraudulent  purpose. 
Trumped-up  story.     A  story  invented  for  a  fraudulent  purpose. 
Untrue  statement.     A  false  statement. 
Untrue  story.     A  story  not  conforming  to  fact. 
White  lie.     A  false  statement  made  without  intention  of  malice. 
Whopper.     A  big  Ue.  * 


TRUTHFULNESS— FABRICATION— Continued. 

be  Fabrication — Verb. 

Have  a  false  meaning.     To  be  deceitful. 


Fabrication — Adjectives, 

Ben  trovato  [It.].     Well  invented. 

Elusory.     Tending  to  deceive  one's  expectations. 

Fabricated.     Contrived  without  ground  or  reason. 

Fabulous.     Belonging  to  fable ;  fictitious. 

Factitious.     Created  by  art  as  opposed  to  nature. 
of       False.     Contrary  to  truth ;  erroneous;  artificial. 

False  as  dicer's  oaths.     Very  false. 

Far  from  the  truth.     False. 

Fictitious.     Substituted  for  something  real. 

Forged.     Made  in  false  and  fraudulent  imitation  of  something  which 
if  genuine  would  be  legal. 

Illusory.     Deceiving  or  intending  to  deceive. 

Invented.     Fabricated  in  the  mind;  concocted. 

Ironical.     Disguising  the  real  meaning. 

Soi-disant  [F.].     Pretended. 

Supposititious.     Put  in  the  place  or  made  to  represent  the  person  of 
another,  to  deceive  or  defraud.  • 

Surreptitious.     Accomplished    by    secret    and    illegitimate    or    im- 
proper means. 

Trumped  up.     To  make  up  or  invent  for  a  fraudulent  purpose. 

Unfounded.     Resting  on  no  solid  foundation  of  truth  or  reason. 
a-       Untrue.     Not  corresponding  with  fact. 

Void  of  foundation.     Without  any  element  of  truth. 

Without  foundation.     Without  any  element  of  truth. 

Fabrication — Phrases. 
All  in  my  eye  and  Betty  Martin. 
Se  non  e  vero  e  ben  trovato  [It.].     If  not  true,  'tis  well  feigned. 


TRUTHFULNESS— FRAUD. 


Fraud. 

Deceit.     Intentional  deception  or  theattempt. 

Deception.     The  act  of  deceiving  by  falsehood,  spoken  or  acted. 

Delusion.     The  state  of  being  deceived  or  led  astray. 

Falsehood.  Intentional  and  moral  deviation  from  fact  or  truth. 
See  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

Falseness.  The  quality  of  being  false.  See  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

Fraud.  An  act  of  deliberate  deception  practised  with  the  object  of 
securing  something  to  the  prejudice  of  another. 

Guile.     The  act  of  deceiving  or  the  disposition  to  deceive. 

Imposition.     The  act  of  imposing;  a  trick  of  deception. 

Imposture.     Deceptioh  by  means  of  false  pretenses. 

Misrepresentation.     An  act  or  an  instance  of  misrepresenting. 

Untruth.     A  falseood.     See  Truthfulness-Fabrication. 

Fraud — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Ambush.  Unseen  peril  or  snare  of  any  kind.  See  Exposure-Hid- 
ingplace. 

Artful  dodge.     A  crafty  device. 

Artifice.     A  subtle  or  deceptive  art  in  contriving.     See  Craft. 

Bait.  Anything  used  on  a  hook,  or  in  a  snare,  trap,  or  the  like,  to  al- 
lure a  fish  or  animal. 

Baited  trap.     A  trap  ready  for  action. 

Birdlime.     A  sticky  substance  smeared  on  twigs  to  catch  small  birds. 

Bite.     A  sharp  trick  or  fraud ;  a  cheat. 

Blind.  Something  intended  to  deceive  or  mislead  or  to  conceal  an 
ulterior  purpose. 

Bubble.     Something  true  in  appearance  only. 

Card-sharping.      Cheating  at  cards. 

Catch.     An  artful  and  entangling  device ;  trick. 

Cheat.     Imposture;  fraud. 

Chicane.     A  sort  of  trickery  that  has  a  show  of  honesty. 

Chicanery.     The  use  of  mean  or  paltry  subterfuges. 

Circumvention.     A  forestalling  by  artifice;  stratagem. 

Cobweb.     A  snare  or  entanglement. 

Coggery.     The  act  of  flattering. 

Collusion.     Fraudulent  cooperation. 

Conjuration.      Magical  expression. 

Conjuring.      Planning  by  conspiracy. 

Copy.     A  reproduction  or  imitation.     See  Copy. 

Counterfeit.  Something  made  fraudulently  to  resemble  what  is  true 
and  genuine. 

Covin.     A  secret  agreement  to  defraud  or  injme  another. 

Cozenage.      Deceit;  fraud. 

Decny,     Anything  that  allures  or  is  intended  to  allure. 


Decoy-duck.     A  duck  or  an  imitation  of  one,  used  to  decoy  wild 
ducks. 

Disguise.     That  which  alters  the  appearance  of. 

Disguisement.     The  changing  the  appearance  of   a  person  by    an 
unusual  costume. 

Escamoterie  [F.fl.     Jugglery. 

False  bottom,     A  bottom  which  conceals  a  secret  drawer  or  place  in 
which  to  deposit  valuables. 

False  colors.     False  pretenses. 

False  jewelry.     Paste  jewelry. 

Feint.     Any  sham,  pretense,  or  deceptive  movement. 

Fetch.     A  stratagem  by  which  one  thing  is  brought  about,  though 
another  was  seemingly  intended ;  an  artifice. 

Forgery.     The  act  of  falsely  making  or  materially  altering  with  intent 
to  defraud  any  writing. 

Fraud.     The  act  of  deliberate  deception  practised  with  the  object  of 
procuring  something  at  the  expense  of  another. 

Fraudulence.     The  quality  of  being  fraudulent. 

Fraudulency.     Fraudulence. 

Gin.     Artifice  of  any  sort. 

Guet-a-pens  [F.].     Ambush;  lying  in  wait. 

Gullery.     Trickery;  fraud;  cheating. 

Hocus.      A  person  who  deceives  by  some  trickery. 

Hocus-pocus.     A  conjurer's  trick. 

Hook.     Something  that  catches  or  snares. 

Ignis  fatuus  [L.].     A  phosphorescent  light  over  marshes.      See  Lu- 
minary. 

Illusion.     An  unreal  image  presented  to  the  senses.     See  Truth- 
Error. 

Ingannation.     Deception;  fraud. 

Jockeyship.     Deceitful  tactics. 

Juggle.     A  trick,  imposture  or  deception. 

Jugglery.     Delusive  speech  or  action. 

Juggling.     Jugglery,  in  any  sense. 

Knavery.      Deceitfulness  in  dealing. 

Legerdemain.     A  deceptive  performance  that  depends  upon  manuai 
skill  or  dexterity. 

Lie.     A  statement  made  with  intention  to  deceive.     See  Truthful- 
ness-Fabrication. 

Magic.     Sleight  of  hand;  legerdemain.     See  Devotion-Magic. 

Make-believe.     A  mere  pretense ;  sham. 

Mask.     Anything  used  to  cover  or  disguise  the  features. 

Masked  battery.      A  concealed  or  disguised  battery. 

Masquerade.     A  social  party  composed  of  persons  masked  and  cos- 
tumed so  as  to  be  disguised. 

Meshes.     Anything  that  entangles,  snares,  or  constrains. 


TRUTHFULNESS. 


1091 


TRUTHFULNESS— FRAUD. 


TRUTHFULNESS— FRAUD— Continued. 


Mine.     A  cavity  for  an  explosive  charge,  sometimes  dug  stealthily. 
Mirage.     An  optical  illusion,  so  that  images  are  seen  in  the  sky.    See 

SlGHT-DlMSIGHTEDNESS. 

Mockery.     A  false  show;  a  deceitful  appearance. 

Mockery,  delusion,  and  snare.     A  disappointing  effort. 

Mouse-trap.     A  trap  for  catching  mice. 

Mummery.     A  masked  performance. 

Net.     An  open  fabric  of  twine  used  to  ensnare. 

Noose.     A  loop  furnished  with  a  running  knot,  as  in  a  snare. 

Paint.     A  coloring  matter  used  as  a  cosmetic ;  rouge. 

Paste.     A  vitreous  composition  used  for  making  false  gems. 

Pattes  de  velours  [F.].     Claws  of  velvet. 

Pitfall.  A  pit  slightly  covered  for  concealment  and  intended  to  en- 
trap wild  beasts  and  men. 

Plant.     A  trick;  dodge;  imposition;  swindle. 

Practical  joke.     A  trick  or  joke  involving  some  action,  usually  rude. 

Prestidigitation.     The  practise  of  sleight  of  hand. 

Prestigiation.     Prestidigitation;  legerdemain. 

Reach.  An  artifice  or  device  to  effect  a  purpose  or  obtain  an  advan- 
tage. 

Scagliola.     Plasterwork  in  imitation  of  marble. 

Sham.     A  false  pretense;  fraudulent  show. 

Sleight  of  hand.     Skill  in  performing  tricks  in  juggling. 

Sliding  panel.     A  movable  panel  that  conceals  a  secret  space. 

Snare .     A  trap  or  gin . 

Springe.     A  noose  fastened  to  a  bent  sapling. 

Spring-gun.  Gun  set  to  be  discharged  when  an  animal  or  trespasser 
treads  upon  something  in  front  of  it. 

Springle.     A  snare. 

Spring-net.     A  net  that  closes  with  a  spring. 

Stratagem.  A  shrewd  maneuver  designed  to  deceive  or  outwit  an 
enemy. 

Superchcrie  [F.].     Imposture;  deception;  fraud. 

Swindle.     The  act  or  process  of  cheating. 

Theft.     Stealing;  the  act  of  thieving.     See  Theft. 

Thimblerig.  Gambling  game  in  which  three  thimble -shaped  cups 
and  a  ball  or  pea  are  used. 

Tinsel.     Superficial  adornment  and  brilliancy. 

Toils.     Net;  snare. 

Trap.     A  device  for  entrapping  game  and  other  animals. 

Trap-door.  A  door  to  cover  opening  in  floor,  cellarway,  deck,  or  flat 
roof. 

Treachery.     Treacherous  conduct.     See  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

Trick.     A  device  for  getting  the  advantage  by  deception. 

Trickery.     Stratagem  in  an  unfavorable  sense. 

Tricks  upon  travelers.     Frauds  practised  upon  travelers. 

Wile.     An  act  or  a  means  of  cunning  deception. 

Fraud — Figurative  Nouns. 

Borrowed  plumes.     Another's  clothes. 

Cornish  hug.     A  grip  in  which  one  wrestler  held  the  other  on  the 

breast;  hence,  deceitful  dealing. 
Man  of  straw.     A  false  argument  made  by  a  speaker  for  the  purpose 

of  proving  it  false. 
Painted  sepulcher.     A  hypocrite.  [Bible.] 
Tub  to  the  whale.     A  concession  or  sop. 
White  sepulcher.     A  hypocrite. 
Wolf  in  sheep's  clothing.     A  treacherous  person.     (Bible. | 

Fraud — Verbs. 
Abuse.     To  wrong  in  speech;  to  speak  disparagingly. 
Bait  the  hook.     To  put  bait  on  the  hook. 
Balk.     To  stop  short  and  refuse  to  proceed ;  to  quibble. 
Bamboozle.     To  deceive  or  impose  upon;  to  practise  deceit. 
Befool.     To  lead  astray;  to  delude. 

Beguile.     To  mislead  or  get  the  better  of  by  guile;  deceive;  delude. 
Betray.     To  prove  unfaithful  to. 
Bilk.     To  take  advantage  of ;  to  cheat;  to  swindle. 
Bite.     To  cause  loss  by  fraud ;  cheat;  trick. 
Blear.     To  close  one's  eyes  to. 
Blind.     To  render  incapable  of  discernment. 
Blindfold.     To  mislead;  to  deceive. 

Blind  one's  eye.     To  obscure  to  the  eye  or  understanding;  to  deceive. 
Cajole.     To  impose  on  or  dupe  by  flattering  speech. 
Catch.     To  take  by  stratagem ;  ensnare. 
Catch  in  a  trap.     To  entrap ;  ensnare. 
Cheat.     To  deceive  or  defraud  in  a  bargain. 
Chouse.     To  cheat  or  swindle. 

Circumvent.     To  gain  advantage  over  another  by  fraud. 
Cog.     To  mislead  or  deceive  by  wheedling  or  flattery. 
Cog  the  dice.     To  load  for  cheating. 

Come  over.     To  circumvent;  get  the  better  of.     See  Motive. 
Conjure.     To  plan  by  conspiracy. 


Cozen,     To  cheat  in  a  petty  way ;  swindle. 

Cully.     To  impose  upon;  trick. 

Deceive.     To  mislead  by  falsehood  or  deceit. 

Decoy.     To  lead  or  lure  by  some  inducement. 

Defraud.     To  take  or  withhold  something  from  by  fraud. 

Delude.     To  persuade  to  believe  error. 

Diddle.     To  cheat  by  trickery;  outwit;  overreach. 

Dissemble.     To  give  the  appearance  of  something  else  to.     Set 
Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

Divert.     To  turn  from  the  proper  channel. 

Do.     To  swindle;  cheat;  defraud. 

Dupe.      To  take  advantage  of  the  credulity  or  weakness  of. 

Ensnare.     To  take  by  craft;  to  allure  by  artifice. 

Entangle.     To  catch  in  a  snare;  to  bewilder. 

Entrap.     To  take  captive  by  trick  or  artifice. 

Escamoter  [F.j.     To  juggle;  to  conjure. 

Fake.     To  cheat. 

Flatter.     To  encourage  with  hopes  and  beliefs  that  may  be  false. 

Fob  off.     To  get  rid  of  by  cunning;  dispose  of  by  artifice. 

Foist  off.     To  palm  off;  to  cheat. 

Foist  upon.      To  put  something  improperly  upon;  to  chea  . 

Fool.     To  impose  upon;  to  gull;  tocheat;  todeceive. 

Fool  to  the  top  of  one's  bent.  To  deceive  one  to  the  Hmit  of  one's 
capacity. 

Forelay.     To  lie  in  wait  for. 

Gammon .     To  impose  upon  by  improbable  stories. 

Gerrymander.  To  divide  voting  districts  unfairly  so  as  to  keep 
political  control,  as  Gov.  Gerry  divided  Massachusetts  so  as  to 
look  like  a  salamander. 

Gild  the  pill.     To  gloss  over  something  disagreeable. 

Give  the  go-by  to.  To  overlook  purposely  but  apparently  uninten- 
tionally. 

Gull.     To  play  upon  the  credulity  or  simplicity  of. 

Hoax.     To  deceive  or  play  a  trick  upon  for  amusement. 

Hocus.     To  deceive  by  some  trick,  as  in  jugglery. 

Hoodwink.     To  deceive  as  if  by  blinding. 

Hook  in.     To  secure  by  allurement  or  artifice. 

Hum.     To  impose  upon;  cajole. 

Humbug.     To  deceive,  as  by  false  pretenses. 

Illaqueate.     To  ensnare  or  entangle. 

Impose  upon.     To  pass  off  falsely  as  true  and  genuine. 

Insnare.     To  take  by  craft ;  to  allure  by  artifice. 

Intrap.     To  take  captive  by  trick  or  artifice. 

Inveigle.  To  persuade  into  some  unwise  act  by  deceptive  arts  01 
flattery. 

Jilt.     To  discard  after  encouraging. 

Jockey.     To  deceive  in  a  bargain. 

Juggle.     To  deceive  by  trick  or  artifice. 

Keep  the  word  of  promise  to  the  ear  and  break  it  to  the  hope.  To 
break  one's  promise.     [Shakespeare,  Macbeth,  V,  viii.fl 

Kidnap.  To  carry  off  any  human  being  from  his  own  country  or  juris- 
diction forcibly,  by  fraud,  into  another. 

Lay  a  snare  for.     To  lie  in  wait  for. 

Lay  a  trap  for.     To  make  use  of  stratagems. 

Leave  in  the  lurch.     To  abandon  through  trickery. 

Let  in.     To  defraud;  tocheat. 

Lie.  To  speak  knowingly  and  wrongly  that  which  is  not  true.  See 
Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

Lime.     To  daub  with  birdlime ;  hence,  to  entangle,  to  ensnare. 

Live  by  one's  wits.     To  have  no  settled  means  of  subsistence. 

Lure.     To  invite  by  fair  and  false  promises. 

Make  a  fool  of.     To  put  in  a  false  and  ridiculous  position. 

Make  an  April  fool  of.  To  perpetrate  a  practical  joke  on  the  first  of 
April  upon  a  person. 

Make  an  ass  of.     To  make  one  act  foolishly. 

Make  game  of.     To  jest  about,  as  opposed  to  being  in  earnest. 

Make  things  pleasant.  To  make  things  seem  better  than  they 
are. 

Misinform.     To  give  false  information.     See  Misteaching. 

Mislead.     To  lead  into  a  wrong  path ;  deceive.     See  Error. 

Mystify.     To  confuse  designedly;  artfully  perplex.  • 

Nab.     To  catch  or  seize  suddenly  and  unexpectedly. 

Nick.     To  shorten,  especially  deceitfully. 

Nousel.     To  nousle. 

Nousle.     To  ensnare;  to  entrap. 

Obtain  money  under  false  pretenses.  To  obtain  money  under  wilful 
misrepresentations;  to  swindle. 

Outmaneuver.     To  surpass  in  intrigue. 

Outreach.     To  overreach ;  tocheat. 

Outwit.     To  defeat  by  greater  cunning;  to  overreach;  tocheat. 

Overreach.     To  obtain  an  advantage  over  by  deception. 

Palm  uoon  1  ^°  *mPose  fraudulently  upon. 


TRUTHFULNESS. 


1092 


TUBULE. 


TRUTHFULNESS— FRAUD— Continued. 


Play  a  practical  joke  upon  one.  To  trick  or  joke  one  with  rudeness 
for  amusement. 

Play  at  hide-and-seek.     To  evade  an  open  answer. 

Play  a  trick.     To  indulge  in  a  practical  joke. 

Play  off.     To  feign  or  pretend. 

Play  one  false.     To  act  falsely. 

Play  upon.     To  impose  upon  for  amusement  or  profit. 

Pluck.     To  strip  of  anything  valuable ;  cozen  or  swindle. 

Practise  chicanery.  To  do  trickery  that  has  a  show  of  legality  and 
honesty. 

Practise  on  one's  credulity.  To  take  advantage  of  one's  readiness  to 
believe  without  sufficient  evidence. 

Practise  upon.     To  carry  out  by  secret  devices. 

Put  a  good  face  upon.     To  make  to  appear  to  advantage. 

Put  upon.     To  impose  upon ;  to  deceive. 

Sell.     To  impose  upon  or  cause  to  believe  what  is  not  so. 

Send  on  a  fool's  errand.     To  send  on  a  foolish  or  fruitless  enterprise. 

Set  a  snare  for.     To  place  a  snare  in  position  to  get. 

Set  a  trap  for.     To  make  ready  to  catch. 

Snatch  a  verdict.  To  gain  a  verdict  which  does  not  riphtl  y  belong  to  one. 

Sniggle.     To  entrap  in  a  net ,  ensnare;  to  catch  eels. 

Spread  the  toils.     To  lay  plans  to  catch. 

Springe.     To  catch  in  a  springe. 

Steal  a  march  upon.  To  make  a  march  unexpectedly  and  secretly 
to  an  enemy's  disadvantage. 

Stuff  up.  [Sla^ig.]     To  impose  on  the  credulity  of. 

Swindle.     To  cheat  or  defraud  grossly  or  with  deliberate  artifice. 

Take  in.     To  cheat;  to  dupe. 

Throw  a  tub  to  a  whale.  To  offer  iorrething  worthless  for  some- 
thing good. 

Throw  dust  into  th  )  eyes.     To  deceive  by  confusing  statements. 

Trapan.     Trepan. 

Trepan       To  snare ,  to  trick ;  to  inveigle. 

Trick.     To  induce  by  trickery ,  delude ;  inveigle. 

Trifle  with.     To  deceive ;  to  cheat. 

Trip  up.  To  cause  to  lose  balance,  stumble,  or  fall  by  entangling  or 
throwing  up  the  feet .  used  figuratively. 

Victimize.     To  make  the  victim  of  a  fraud  or  swindle. 

Waylay.     To  watch  insidiously  for  the  passing  of. 

Fraud — Adfectiies. 
Adcaptandum  [L.].     Tocatch;  forcatching. 
Adulterated.     Rendered  counterfeit. 
Artificial.      Produced  by  art  to  imitate  nature. 
Bastard.     Not  genuine,  false;  spurious. 
Bogus.     Counterfeit,  fraudulent;  spurious. 
Brummagem.     Cheap  and  showy ,  spurious,  bogus. 
Catchpenny.      Cheap;  poor:  showy;  deceptive  in  appearance. 
Colorable.     Specious;  plausible,  deceptive. 
Contraband.      Falling  under  public  edict. 
Counterfeit.     Made  to  resemble  something  else "  pretended. 
Covinous.     Collusive ,  fraudulent. 

Cunning.      Having  or  exercising  craft  or  shrewdness.     See  Craft. 
Deceitful.     Characterized  by  deception. 


Deceived.     Misled  by  falsehood  or  deceit. 

Deceiving.     Misleading. 

Deceptious.     Calculated  to  deceive. 

Deceptive.      Having  power  or  tendency  to  deceive. 

Delusive.     Misleading;  deceptive. 

Delusory.     Tending  to  mislead ;  deceptive. 

Disguised.      Changed  in  appearance  by  unusual  arrangement  of  haij 

by  mask,  or  by  dress. 
Elusive.     Fallacious ;  using  deception  to  escape. 
Factitious.     Proceeding  from  or  created  by  art  as  opposed  to  nature 

artificial. 
Feigned.     Simulated;  pretended. 

Fraudulent.     Based  on,  proceeding  from,  or  characterized  by  fraud. 
Illegitimate.     Spurious ;  not  genuine. 

Illusive.     Deceiving  or  misleading  by  allusion  or  false  appearance. 
Illusory.     Deceiving  or  tending  to  deceive,  as  by  false  appearance. 
Insidious.     Treacherous. 
Make-believe.     Pretended;  imagined. 
Meretricious.     Deceitfully  and  artfully  attractive. 
Mock.     Merely  imitating  the  reality ;  counterfeit;  assumed. 
Pinchbeck.     Made  of  pinchbeck;  notgenuine;  cheap. 
Prestigiatory.     Juggling;  delusive. 

Prestigious.     Of  or  pertaining  to  sleight  of  hand  ;  deceptive. 
Pretended.     Affected;  counterfeited. 
Pseudo.     False. 

Rotten  at  the  core.     Apparently  good  but  bad  in  reality. 
Scamped.     Made  dishonestly. 
Sham.     Not  genuine  or  real ;  pretended.     See  Truthfulness-Falsi* 

hood. 
Simulated.     Assumed;  kaving  a  false  appearance. 
So-called.     Called,  but  perhaps  doubtfully  so. 
Sophisticated.     Obscure  with  specious  reasoning. 
Spurious.     Not  proceeding  from  the  proper  source  or  from  the 

source  pretended;  notgenuine;  counterfeit. 
Surreptitious.     Accomplished  by  secret  and  improper  means. 
Tinsel.     Superficially  brilliant. 
Tricky.     Deceitful;  knavish. 

Trumped-up.     Invented  for  a  fraudulent  purpose. 
Unsound.     Not  sound;  defective;  unreal. 
Untrue.     Lacking  truth;  false.     SeeTRUTHFULNKSS-FABRicATiow. 

Fraud — Adverbs,  etc. 

Over  the  left.  [Slang.]    Just  the  reverse ;  reversely ;  not  at  all. 
Under  color  of.     Under  an  appearance  of. 
Under  false  colors.     Under  false  pretenses. 
Under  the  garb  of.     Under  the  appearance  of. 

Fraud — Phrases. 

Falsi  crimen  [L.].     The  crime  of  forgery. 

Fraus  est  celare  fraudetn  [L.].     It  is  a  fraud  to  conceal  a  fraud. 

Fronti  nulla  fides  [L.].     No  reliance  on  the  face. 

Lupus  %n  jabula  [L.J.     The  wolf  in  the  story. 

Ne  es  oro  todo  loque  reluce  [Sp.].     All  is  not  gold  that  glitters. 


truth'-less.    Dishonest.    Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

tru"-ti-na'-tion.  Act  of  weighing.  Heaviness-Light- 
ness. 

try.  Strive;  examine;  attempt;  use.  Decision-Mis- 
judgment,  Litigation,  Trial,  Venture,  Use-Dis- 
use; try  a  case,  Judge;  try  a  cause,  Decision-Mis- 
judgment;  try  a  prisoner,  Judge;  try  conclusions, 
Ratiocination-Instinct,  Strife-Peace,  Variance- 
Accord;  try  one,  Difficulty-Facility;  try  one's 
hand,  Venture;  try  one's  luck,  Purpose-Luck,  Ven- 
ture; try  one's  temper,  Excitation;  try  one's  utmost, 
Toil-Relaxation;    try    the    patience,    Difficulty- 

*    Facility,  Pleasurable ness-Painfulness. 

try'-ing.  Severe.  Difficulty-Facility,  Weariness- 
Refreshment. 

tryst.    A  secret  meeting.    Sociability-Privacy. 

tryst'-ing-place' .  A  secret  meeting  place.  Gathering- 
Place.  Sociability-Privacy. 

tsar.  The  title  of  the  ruler  of  Russia.  Chief-Under- 
ling. 

Tsung  li  Ya'-mun.  The  Chinese  Foreign  Office.  Rep- 
resentative 

tu  quoque  [L.]  (tiu  quo'-quft  Thou  also.  Reprisal- 
Resistance;   tu  quoque  argument,  Evidence-Coun- 


terevidence,  Justification-Charge,  Proof-Dis- 
proof. 

tub.  An  open  wooden  vessel.  Contents-Receiver; 
tub  to  a  whale,  Pretext,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

tubam  trepidat,  ante  [L.]  (tiu'-bam  trep'-i-dat,  an'-ti). 
He  trembles  even  before  the  trumpet  sounds.  Bra- 
very-Cowardice. 

tube.    A  hollow  cylinder.    Aperture-Closure. 

tu'-ber-cle.  A  small  rounded  eminence.  Convexity* 
Concavity. 

tu-ber'-cu-lin.  A  liquid  used  in  examination  of  cattle 
suspected  of  tuberculosis.    Remedy-Bane. 

tu-ber'-cu-lous.    Tubercular.    Convexity-Concavity. 

tu"-ber-os'-i-ty.  A  protuberance.  Convexity-Con- 
cavity. 

tu'-ber-ous.  Resembling  or  bearing  tubes.  Convexity- 
Concavity. 

tub-man.  One  of  the  two  most  experienced  barristers 
in  the  Court  of  Exchequer.     Advocate. 

tu'-bu-lar.  Cylindrical.  Aperture-Closure;  tubular 
bridge,  Architecture. 

tu'-bu-la"-ted.  Provided  with  a  tube.  Aperturb- 
Closure. 

tu'-bule.    A  minute  tube.    Aperture-Closure. 


TUBULOUS. 


1093 


TURBULENCE— CALMNESS. 


tu'-bu-lous.    Tubular.    Convexity-Concavity. 

tuck.  A  fold;  rapier.  Belligerent,  Plicature;  tuck 
in,  Establishment-Removal,  Injection-Ejection, 
Nutriment-Excretion. 

tuck'-er.    Maker  of  tucks.    Dress-Undress. 

tuft.  A  collection  of  small  flexible  things  fastened 
together  at  base.  Gathering-Scattering,  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness. 

tuft'-ed.    Bearing  a  tuft.    Smoothness- Roughness. 

tuft'-hunt'-er.  Toady.  Presumption-Obsequious- 
ness, Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

tuft'-hunt'-ing.  Toadying.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Assertion- Denial,  Presumption -Obse- 
quiousness. 

tug.  Small  ship;  pull;  effort.  Conveyance- Vessel, 
Push-Pull,  Toil-Relaxation;  tug  of  war,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness, Fighting- Conciliation, 
Strife-Peace. 

tu-i'-tion.    Instruction.    Education-Misteaching. 

tu'-lip.   A  beautiful  flower.    Pomp,  Variegation. 

tum'-ble.  Derange;  agitate;  fall.  Agitation,  Ascent- 
Descent,  Creation-Destruction,  Organization- 
Disorganization,  Success-Failure;  rough-and- 
tumble,  Regularity-Irregularity;  tumble-down, 
Security-Insecurity. 

tum'-bler.  Acrobat;  drinking-glass  without  a  foot. 
Acting,  Contents-Receiver,  Wag. 

tum'-brel.    A  covered  cart.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

tu"-me-fac'-tion.  A  swelling.  Enlargement-Diminu- 
tion. 

tu'-mid.  Enlarged;  bombastic.  Enlargement-Dimi- 
nution, Simplicity-Floridness. 

tu'-mor.  Swelling.  Convexity-Concavity,  Enlarge- 
ment-Diminution. 

tu'-mor-ous.  Having  tumors.  Convexity-Concav- 
ity. 

tu'-mult.  Disorder;  hurly-burly.  Agitation,  Excita- 
bility -  Inexcit  ability,  Insubordination -Obedi- 
ence, Regularity-Irregularity. 

tu-mul'-tu-a-ry.    Disorderly.    Turbulence-Calmness. 

tu-mul"-tu-a'-tion.    Commotion.    Agitation. 

tu-mul'-tu-ous.    Disorderly.    Turbulence-Calmness. 

tu'-mu-lus.    A  sepulchral  mound.    Life-Funeral. 


tun.  Large  cask;  drunkard.  Contents-Receiver, 
Greatness  -  Littleness,  Teetotalism  -  Intemper- 
ance. 

tu'-na-ble.    Musical.    Melody-Dissonance. 

tund.    A  flogging.    Recompense-Punition. 

tun'-dra.  A  rolling-plain  of  Russia  and  Siberia.  Gulf- 
Plain. 

tune.  Melody.  Melody-Dissonance,  Music;  in  tune, 
Melody-Dissonance;  out  of  tune,  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Conventionality-Unconvention- 
ality,  Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Harmony-Dis- 
cord, Melody-Dissonance;  put  in  tune,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation,  Variance-Accord;  to  the 
tune  of,  Price-Discount,  Quantity-Measure,  Set- 
tlement-Default. 

tune'-ful.  Melodious.  Melody-Dissonance,  Poetry- 
Prose;  tuneful  nine,  Musician,  Poetry-Prose. 

tune'-less.    Rhythmless.    Melody-Dissonance. 

tung'-sten.    An  element.    Chemistry. 

tu'-nic.    A  body-garment.    Dress-Undress. 

tu'-ni-cle.    Ecclesiastical  vestment.    Vestments. 

tu'-ning.  Present  participle  of  tune.  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation. 

tu'-ning-fork".  A  steel  instrument  used  by  musicians 
Musical  Instruments. 

tun'-nage.  The  weight  of  goods  carried  in  a  boat  or 
ship.    Greatness-Littleness. 

tun'-nel.  An  artificial  subterranean  passageway. 
Aperture -Closure,  Convexity -Concavity,  Wa- 
tercourse-Airpipe,  Way. 

tup.    Ram.    Fauna-Flora,  Male-Female. 

Tu-ra'-ni-an.  One  not  of  the  Aryan  or  Semitic  fami- 
lies.   Ethnology. 

tur'-ban.    An  Oriental  head-dress.    Dress-Undress. 

tur'-ba-ry.    A  place  for  digging  peat.    Fauna-Flora. 

tur'-bid.  Muddy.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Diapha. 
neity-Opaqueness. 

tur'-bi-na"-ted.  Tapered  from  a  broad  base  to  an  apex. 
Circle- Winding. 

tur"-bi-na'-tion.  The  act  of  whirling,  as  a  top.  Revo- 
lution-Evolution. 

tur'-bu-lence.  Disorder;  tumult.  Agitation,  Excita- 
bility-Inexcitability,  Turbulence-Calmness, 


TURBULENCE— CALMNESS. 


Bluster.     Noisy  talk. 

Boisterousness.     Uproaftousness. 

Bounce.     Boastful  exaggeration. 

Callithump.      Noise  made  with  horns  as  at  a  serenade. 

Convulsion.     An  irregular  and  violent  commotion. 

Detonation.      A  loud  report. 

Devil  to  pay.      Great  confusion  or  mischief. 

Displosion.      Explosion. 

Dissilience.     The  act  of  flying  apart  with  a  noise. 

Ebullition.     A  boiling  or  bubbling. 

Effervescence.     Bubbling  without  boiling. 

Exacerbation.      Increased  severity. 

Exasperation.      Roughening  and  irritating. 

Ferment.     Excitement  or  agitation. 

Fit.     Impulsive  and  irregular  exertion  or  action. 

Fury.     Vioient  action  or  agitation. 

Impetuosity.     Action   characterized  by  sudden  and  violent  energy. 

Inclemency.     Severity  of  climate  or  weather. 

he  diable  d,  qualre  [F.].      The  devil  to  pay. 

Malignity.     Violent  enmity. 

Orgasm.     Immoderate  excitement. 

Outbreak.     A  sudden  and  violent  breaking  forth. 

Outburst.     A  violent  issue  of  passion. 

Outrage.     Violent  rage. 

Paroxysm.      A  sudden  and  violent  excitement  or  emotion. 

Passion.      Intense  or  overpowering  feeling. 

Rage.     Violent  anger  expressed  in  furious  speech. 

Riot.     A  disturbance  by  a  mob. 

Rough  weather.     Stormy  or  tempestuous  weather. 

Row.      A  noisy  disturbance  or  quarrel. 

Rumpus.     A  disorderly  disturbance 


Ariston  melron  [Gr.].     A  mean  is  best. 

Assuagement.     A  causing  to  be  less  violent  harsh,  or  severe. 

Calmness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  calm,  in  any  sense. 

Contemperation.     Moderation. 

Gentleness.     Softness  and  sweetness  of  disposition. 

Golden  mean.     A  wise  moderation. 

Juste  milieu  [F.].     Golden  mean. 

Lenity.     Mildness  of  temper.     See  Harshness-Mildness. 

Measure.     Moderation. 

Mental  calmness.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  undisturbed  in 

mind. 
Mitigation.      Diminution  of  anything  harm  f ul .  harsh ,  or  severe. 
Moderating.     Becoming  less  intense  and  violent. 
Moderation.     The  quality  of  not  being  extreme. 
Pacification.     The  act  of  making  peace. 
Quiet.     The  state  of  being  quiet,  or  a  quiet  condition. 
Relaxation.     Remission  of  rigor  or  restraint. 
Remission.     The  act  of  refraining  from  exacting,  as  a  penalty. 
Sobriety.     Moderateness  of  temper,  mind,  or  conduct. 
Temperateness.     The  quality  of  observing  moderation 
Tranquilization.     The  state  of  being  composed. 

Calmness — Nouns  of  Agency. 
Anodyne.     An  agent  that  relieves  pain  by  blunting  or  diminishing 

sensibility. 
Balm.     Any  soothing  medicinal  palliative. 
Demulcent.     A  substance  supposed  to  be  able  to  protect  the  tissues 

from  the  action  of  irritant  or  acrid  humors. 
Lenitive.     A  medicine  or  application  that  has  the  quality  of  easing 

pain. 
Lullaby.     A  strain  sung  to  soothe  a  child  to  sleep. 


TURBULENCE. 


1094 


TURBULENCE— CALMNESS. 


TU  RB  ULE  NCE— CALM  NESS— Continued. 


Rush.     A  struggle  or  rough-and-tumble  contest. 

Severity.     An  extreme  degree  of  that  by  which  the  feelings  may  be 

affected.     See  Harshness-Mildness. 
Spasm.     A  sudden  or  convulsive  action  or  effort. 
Strain.     A  violent  effort  or  exertion. 
Throe.     Extreme  struggling  anguish. 

Turbulence.     The  state  or  condition  of  being  violently  disturbed. 
Turmoil.     Confused  motion ;  disturbance. 
Uproar.     Violent  disturbance  and  noise. 
Vehemence.     Great  force  or  impetuosity. 
Violence.     The  quality,  character,  or  state  of  being  violent. 

Turbulence — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Beldame.     A  hag. 

Blast.     A  violent  movement  of  the  air. 

Blow  up.     A  raising  into  the  air  by  an  explosion. 

Brute  force.     Unintelligent  force. 

Burst.     A  sudden  explosion. 

Coup  de  main  [F.].     A  blow  of  the  hand;  a  surprise. 

Discharge.     A  shooting  or  firing. 

Earthquake.     A  vibration  or  sudden  undulation  of  a  portion  of  the 

earth's  crust. 
Eruption.     A  breaking  forth  with  violence. 
Explosion.     A  sudden  breaking  apart,  shattering,  or  bursting  in  pieces 

by  internal  pressure. 
Ferocity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  ferocious. 
Fire-eater.     A  restless,  daring  person,  always  wanting  to  fight. 
Force       Strength  or  energy  of  body  or  mind. 
Hysterics.     Nervous  or  convulsive  fits  of  a  certain  kind. 
Madcap.     A  rash  person. 
Might.     Force  or  power  of  any  kind. 
Shock.     A  violent  collision  of  bodies. 
Shog.     A  shove  to  one  side. 
Squall.     A  sudden  burst  of  wind. 

Torrent.     A  stream  of  water  flowing  with  great  velocity. 
Volley.     A  simultaneous  discharge  of  many  missiles. 

Turbulence — Figurative  Nouns, 
Alecto.     One  of  the  three  Furies. 

All  the  fat  in  the  fire.     The  mischievous  step  has  been  taken. 
Demon.     An  evil  spirit. 

Dragon.     A  fabulous  monster,  like  a  winged  lizard  or  serpent. 
Megaera.     One  of  the  Furies. 
Storm.     A  disturbance  of  the  atmosphere  with  whirling  motion  of 

the  air. 
Tempest.     An  extensive  and  violent  wind. 

Thunderstorm.  A  local  storm  accompanied  by  lightning  and  thunder, 
Tiger.     A  large,  ferocious  cat-like  animal. 
Tisiphone.     One  of  the  Furies. 
Volcano.     An  opening  in  the  earth  from  which  is  ejected  smoke, 

stones,  lava,  etc. 
Wild  beast.     An  untamed  animal. 
Zulu.     A  South-African  savage. 

Turbulence — Verbs. 

Accelerate.     To  cause  to  act  or  move  more  quickly. 

Add  fuel  to  the  flame.  To  increase  bad  feeling  by  giving  more  cause 
for  it. 

Aggravate.     To  irritate. 

Bear  down.     To  overthrow  or  crush  by  force. 

Be  violent.     To  be  characterized  by  force  and  rudeness. 

Blow  up.     To  raise  into  the  air  by  explosion. 

Bluster.     To  blow  fitfully  with  violence  and  noise. 

Boil.     To  be  agitated  by  heat. 

Boil  over.  To  run  over  the  top  of  a  vessel  on  account  of  violent  agi- 
tation by  heat  or  other  cause. 

Bounce.     To  drive  against  anything  suddenly  and  violently. 

Break  out.     To  take  or  force  out  by  breaking. 

Break  the  peace.     To  violate  the  public  peace. 

Burst.     To  break  or  rend  by  force  or  violence. 

Burst  out.     To  come  forth  suddenly. 

Come  in  like  a  Hon.  To  come  in  with  bluster,  as  does  the  month  of 
March. 

Convulse.     To  cause  spasms  ?n;  to  disturb  violently. 

Detonate.     To  explode  with  a  sadden  report. 

Detonize.     To  cause  to  explode. 

Discharge.     To  send  forth  a  missile  by  explosion. 

Displode .     To  explode. 

Effervesce.     To  give  off  bubbles  of  gas. 

Exacerbate.     To  make  more  sharp,  severe,  or  virulent. 

Exasperate.     To  irritate  in  a  high  degree. 

Excite.     To  produce  agitation  or  great  stir  in. 

Explode.     To  cause  to  burst  in  pieces  by  force  from  within. 


CALMNESS — Nouns  of  Agency — Continued. 

Milk.  The  whitish  liquid  secreted  by  the  mammary  glands  of 
female  mammals. 

Moderator.     One  who  or  that  which  moderates,  or  restrains. 

Opiate.      Medicine  containing  opium  ;  something  inducing  sleep. 

Opium.     A  milky  exudation  from  the  unripe  capsules  of  the  poppy. 

Poppy.  A  plant  of  the  genus  Papaver,  from  which  opium  is  ob- 
tained. 

Poppy  or  Mandragora.     Papaver  or  nightshade ;  mandrake. 

Rose-water.  A  fragrant  toilet  and  pharmaceutical  water  made  by 
distillation  of  rose-petals  or  of  rose-  oil  with  water. 

Sedative.     A  medicine  having  a  soothing  or  tranquilizing  tendency. 

Calmness — Verbs. 

Accoy.     To  calm;  soothe. 

Allay.     To  calm  the  violence  or  reduce  the  intensity  of. 

Alleviate.     To  make  less  burdensome  or  less  hard  to  bear. 

Appease.     To  soothe  or  satisfy  the  cravings,  pangs,  or  pain  of. 

Assuage.     To  cause  to  be  less  harsh,  violent,  or  severe. 

Attemper.     To  reduce  or  modify  by  or  as  by  mixture. 

Be  moderate.     Free  from  undue  violence,  rigor,  or  excitement. 

Blunt.     To  take  off  the  sharp  edge  or  point  of. 

Calm.     To  bring  into  repose,  mental  or  physical. 

Chasten.     To  moderate  or  restrain. 

Check.     To  restrain  by  force  or  suddenly. 

Compose.     To  bring  into  a  state  of  repose. 

Contemper.     To  modify  by  admixture. 

Cool.     To  render  less  excited  or  excitable. 

Curb,     To  restrain ;  to  hold  in  subjection. 

Damp.     To  slacken  or  lessen  the  intensity  of. 

Deaden.     To  diminish  the  acuteness,  vigor,  or  intensity  of. 

Dull.     To  diminish  the  violence  or  strength  of. 

Go  out  like  a  lamb.     To  go  out  gently,  as  does  the  month  of  March. 

Hush.     To  repress  the  noise  of. 

Keep  the  peace.     To  refrain  from  violation  of  the  public  peace. 

Keep  within  bounds.     To  keep  under  restraint. 

Keep  within  compass.     To  be  moderate. 

Lay.     To  cause  to  lie. 

Lenify.     To  mitigate;  assuage;  soothe. 

Lessen.     To  diminish  or  reduce. 

Lull.     To  put  into  a  state  of  rest  or  quiet. 

Mettre  de  I'eau  dans  son  vin  f  F.].     To  put  water  into  wine. 

Mitigate.     To  make  milder  or  more  endurable. 

Moderate.     To  reduce  from  a  great  or  excessive  degree,  amount,  ot 

activity,  to  a  more  reasonable. 
Mollify.     To  reduce  the  harshness  or  asperity  of. 
Obtund.     To  render  blunt  or  dull. 
Pacify.     To  reduce  to  quiet. 

Palliate.     To  reduce  the  severity,  violence,  or  painfulness  of. 
Pour  balm  into.     To  soothe. 

Pour  oil  on  the  troubled  waters.     To  make  things  harmonious. 
Pour  oil  on  the  waves.     To  calm  trouble. 
Quell.     To  cause  to  subside. 
Quiet.     To  bring  to  a  state  of  rest  or  quiet. 
Rebate.     To  make  a  deduction  of  or  abatement  from. 
Relent.     To  grow  more  gentle  or  mild. 
Remit.     To  make  less  tense  or  violent. 
Restrain.     To  hold  in  check.     See  Release-Restraint. 
Roar  as  gently  as  a  sucking  dove.     To  speak  gently.     [Shakespeare, 

Midsummer  Night's  Dream,  I,  ii .] 
Rock  to  sleep.     To  move  in  or  as  in  a  cradle  until  slumber  is  induced. 
Settle  down.     To  cease  from  agitation. 
Sheathe.     To  render  milder;  dull. 

Slacken.     To  render  less  in  degree,  strength ,  or  violence. 
Slake.     To  lessen  the  force  of  in  any  way. 
Smooth.     To  make  calm;  mollify. 
Smooth  down.     To  make  level. 
Smooth  over      To  soften  the  worst  features  of. 
Smother.     To  suppress. 

Sober.     To  cause  to  become  sober,  mild,  or  thoughtful. 
Sober  down.     To  recover  from  intoxication. 
Soften.     To  make  less  harsh,  severe,  violent,  or  offensive. 
Soothe.     To  reduce  from  excitement  to  a  quiet  or  normal  state. 
Still.     To  cause  to  be  still,  calm,  or  quiet. 
Subdue.     To  render  mild  and  gentle. 

Swage.     To  assuage ;  to  cause  to  be  less  violent,  harsh,  or  severe. 
Take  in  sail.     To  proceed  with  less  rapidity. 
Take  off  the  edge.     To  make  smooth. 
Tame.     To  bring  into  subjection  or  obedience. 
Temper.     To  reduce  in  violence  or  intensity. 
Throw  a  wet  blanket  over.     To  discourage  a  project. 
Throw  cold  water  on.     To  discourage. 


TURBULENCE. 


1095 


TURBULENCE— CALMNESS. 


TURBULENCE— CALM  NESS— Continued. 


TURBULENCE— Verbs— Continued. 

Fan  the  flame.     To  irritate. 

Ferment.     To  produce  fermentation  in. 

Flare.     To  become  suddenly  heated  or  excited. 

Flash.     To  burst  or  break  forth  with  a  flood  of  flame  or  light. 

Fly.     To  move  suddenly  or  with  violence. 

Fly  out.     To  burst  into  passion. 

Foam.     To  froth. 

Foment.     To  cherish  and  promote  by  excitements. 

Fulminate.     To  explode  with  a  violent  report. 

Fume.     To  express  irritation  or  anger. 

Go  off.     To  explode. 

Incite.     To  move  to  action. 

Inflame.     To  cause  to  burn. 

Infuriate.     To  render  furious  or  mad. 

Irritate.     To  increase  the  action  or  violence  of. 

Kick  up  a  row.     To  cause  a  disturbance. 

Kindle.     To  cause  to  burn. 

Lash.     To  strike  or  beat  upon  as  with  a  lash. 

Lash  into  fury.     To  arouse  ungovernable  rage. 

Let  fly.     To  utter,  throw,  or  discharge  violently. 

Let  off.     To  discharge  or  explode. 

Madden.     To  inflame  with  passion. 

Make  a  riot.     To  create  great  wildness  and  turbulence. 

Make  a  row.     To  start  a  disturbance. 

Oleum  addere  camino  \ L..].     To  add  oil  to  the  fire. 

Outherod  Herod.    To  surpass  in  cruelty,  wickedness,  orcrime.   [Bible.] 

Quicken.     To  increase  the  activity  or  sprightliness  of. 

Rage.     To  be  furious  with  anger. 

Raise  a  storm.     To  stir  up  confusion. 

Rampage.     To  dash  about  violently. 

Render  violent.     To  cause  to  be  violent. 

Ride  roughshod.     To  act  in  an  overbearing  manner. 

Riot.  To  make  a  disturbance  consisting  of  wild  and  turbulent  con- 
duct 

Roar.     To  utter  boisterously  or  with  prolonged  resounding  noise. 

Romp.     To  play  boisterously. 

Run  amuck.  To  rush  through  the  streets  frantically  attacking  all 
that  comes  in  the  way. 

Run  high.     To  be  very  rough,  as  waves  of  the  sea. 

Run  riot.     To  go  to  excess. 

Run  wild.     To  fall  into  loose  and  vicious  habits. 

Rush.     To  drive  or  push  with  violent  haste  or  swiftness. 

Rush  head  foremost.     To  rush  precipitately. 

Rush  headlong.     To  run  recklessly. 

Sharpen.     To  make  more  acute,  severe,  intense,  or  eager. 

Shock.     To  shake  b;*  a  sudden  collision. 

Spread  like  wild-fire.     To  spread  rapidly. 

Stimulate.     To  rouse  to  activity  or  to  quickened  action. 

Stir  up.     To  rouse  to  action  or  feeling. 

Storm.     To  give  vent  boisterously  to  rage  or  passion. 

Strain.     To  put  in  action  to  the  utmost  point  of  one's  ability. 

Suscitate.     To  excite;  to  rouse. 

Tear.     To  remove  violently  by  pulling. 

Thunder.     To  make  a  noise  suggestive  of  thunder. 

Urge.     To  press  forcibly  in  any  direction. 

"Wreak.     To  inflict. 

Turbulence — Adjectives. 
Abrupt.     Involving  unexpected  changes. 
Acute.     Violent ;  not  chronic. 
Bluff.     Blustering. 

Blustering.     Windy,  disagreeable;  swaggering. 
Boisterous.     Exhibiting  tumultuous  violence  and  fury. 
Brusque.     Blunt  or  rough  in  manner 
Convulsive.     Spasmodic. 

Desperate.     Without  care  for  danger  or  safety;  without  hope. 
Detonating.     Causing  to  explode  with  a  sudden  and  loud  report. 
Disorderly.     Lacking  due  order  or  arrangement. 
Ebullient.     In  a  bubbling  or  boiling  condition. 
Excited.     Stirred  up. 

Explosive      Liable  to  explode  or  to  cause  explosion. 
Extravagant.     Exceeding  just  or  ordinary  limits. 
Ferocious.     Of  a  wild,  fierce,  or  savage  nature. 
Fierce.     Having  or  showing  a  furious  cruel  nature. 
Fierce  as  a  tiger.     Very  fierce. 

Fiery.       Showing  excessive  warmth  or  vehemence  of  mood  or  tem- 
perament. 
Flaming.     Tending  to  excite. 
Frantic.     Manifesting  excessive  excitement. 
Frenzied.     Violently  agitated. 
Furious.     Overcome  with  rage  or  passion. 
Headstrong.     Not  easily  restrained. 


CALM  NESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Tone  down.     To  subdue;  soften. 
Tranquilize.     To  soothe;  to  compose. 

Weaken.     To  render  weak  or  less  vigorous.     See  Strength -Weak- 
ness. 

Calmness — Adjectives. 
Anodyne.     Having  power  to  allay  pain. 
Bland.     Of  a  soft  and  balmy  quality. 
Calm.     Free  from  disturbance  or  agitation. 
Cool.     Exercising  self-control. 

Demulcent.     An  application  soothing  to  an  irritated  surface. 
Gentle.     Moderate  in  action. 

Halcyon.     Calm  and  peaceful,  as  the  ocean,  while  Halcyon  broods. 
Hypnotic.     Tending  to  produce  sleep.     See  Activity-Indolence. 
Lenient.     Of  merciful  disposition.     See  Harshness-Mildness. 
Lenitive.     Having  the  power  or  tendency  to  allay  pain  or  mitigate 

suffering. 
Measured.     Restrained  within  bounds. 
Mild.     Moderate  in  action  or  disposition. 
Mild  as  mother's  milk.     Very  gentle. 
Milk  and  water.     Weak  and  vacillating. 
Moderate.     Keeping  or  kept  within  reasonable  limits. 
Oily.     Pertaining  to,  containing,  or  resembling  oil. 
Pacific.     Having  a  peaceful  nature  or  character. 
Palliative.     Serving  to  mitigate  or  relieve. 
Peaceable.     Inclined  to  peace. 
Peaceful.     Undisturbed ,  tranquil. 
Quiet.     Being  in  a  state  of  repose. 
Reasonable.     Characterized  by  moderation. 
Remollient.     Having  a  soothing  effect. 
Sedative.     Having  a  soothing  or  tranquilizing  tendency. 
Slow.     Having  no  spirit  or  liveliness. 
Smooth.     Calm  and  unruffled. 

Sober.     Moderate  in  or  abstinent  from  the  use  of  intoxicating  drink. 
Soft.     Expressive  of  mildness. 
Still.     Being  at  rest. 

Tame.     Lacking  in  interest  or  animation. 
Temperate.     Observing  moderation  in  the  indulgence  of  the  appe* 

tites. 
Tempered.     Moderated.  ,, 

Tranquil.     Free  from  and  unaffected  by  agitation  or  disturbance. 
Unexciting.     Not  exciting. 
Unirritating.     Not  exciting  anger. 
Unruffled.     Tranquil. 
Untroubled.     Rid  of  trouble. 

Calmness — Adverbs,  etc. 
At  half-speed.     Slow. 

Gingerly.     In  a  cautious,  scrupulous,  or  fastidious  manner. 
In  reason.     With  justice. 
Moderately.     Within  reasonable  limits. 
Piano  [It.].     With  slight  force. 
Under  easy  sail.     Not  rapidly. 
Within  bounds.     Within  limits. 
Within  compass.     Within  moderate  bounds. 

Calmness — Phrase. 
Est  modus  in  rebus  [L.].     There  is  a  limit  in  things. 


TURBULENCE— Adjectives— Continued. 

Hot.     Characterized  by  heat,  ardor,  or  animation. 

Hysteric.     Convulsive. 

In  hysterics.     Having  nervous  or  convulsive  fits  of  a  certain  kind. 

Impetuous.     Ru~hing  wiih  force  and  violence. 

Incontrollable.     Incapable  of  being  controlled,  restrained,  or  gov- 
erned. 

Infuriate.     Furiously  angry. 

Insuppressible.     Not  to  be  suppressed  or  concealed. 

Irrepressible.     Not  capable  of  being  repressed. 

Meteoric.     Having  the  nature  of  meteors. 

Obstreperous.     Making  a  great  outcry  or  disturbance. 

Outrageous.     Heedless  of  authority  or  decency. 

Raging.     Acting  with  passionate  or  unrestrained  violence. 

Rampant.     Exceeding  all  bounds. 

Ravening.     Seeking  eagerly  for  prey. 

Red-hot.     Heated  to  redness;  very  enthusiastic. 

Riotous.     Guilty  of  riot  or  tumultuous  disorder. 

Rough.     Characterized  by  rude  or  violent  action. 

Rude.     Characterized  by  abrupt  or  rough  discourtesy. 

Savage.     Of  a  wild  and  untamed  nature,  like  the  wild  man  of  the 
woods. 


TURBULENCE. 


1096 


TURN. 


TURBULENCE—  Adjectives— Continued. 


Scorching.     Very  hot. 

Sharp.     Impetuous  or  fiery. 

Spasmodic.     Abnormally  sudden  and  irregular. 

Stormy.     Characterized  by  or  proceeding  from  violent  agitation  or 

fury. 
Tameless.      Untamable. 

Troublous.     Marked  by  commotion  or  tumult. 
Tumultuary.     Characterized  by  tumult. 
Tumultuous.     Disorderly. 

Turbulent.     Being  in  violent  agitation  or  commotion. 
Unappeasable.     Not  to  be  quieted,  calmed,  or  pacified. 
Unbridled.      Unrestrained. 
Uncontrollable.     Ungovernable. 
Unextinguished.     Uncontrolled. 
Ungentle.     Wild,  turbulent,  harsh,  refractory. 

Turbulence — Adverbs,  etc. 

X  outrance  [F.].     To  the  bitter  end.  Headforemost.      Precipitately. 

\  toute  outrance  [F.].     With  every  rigor;  quite  mercilessly.  Headlong.     Without  deliberation. 

Amain.     Forcibly.  In  desperation.      Recklessly. 

At  one  fell  swoop.     Altogether.  Through  thick  and  thin.     Steadfastly  ,  resomtely. 

Tooth  and  nail.      With  all  possible  strength  or  effort. 

With  a  vengeance.     With  great  force  or  violence. 
By  force.     Violently.  With  might  and  main.     With  utmost  endeavor. 

Bj  main  force.     By  full  force.  Vi  et  armis  [L.].     By  force  and  arms. 

By  storm.     Completely.  Violently.     In  a  forcible  manner. 


Ungovernable.     Not  capable  of  being  governed ,  ruled,  01  restrained. 

Unmitigable.     Not  capable  of  being  alleviated. 

Unmitigated.     Not  softened  in  severity  or  harshness. 

Unquelled.     Not  quieted. 

Unquenched.     Not  put  an  end  to.  " 

Unrepressed.      Not  held  in  check. 

Unruly.     Not  submissive  to  rule. 

Uproarious.     Accompanied  by  or  making  uproar. 

Vehement.     Acting  with  great  force. 

Violent.     Characterized  by  intense  force,  rudeness,  and  rapidity 

Volcanic.     Resembling  a  volcano. 

Warm.     Showing  excitement. 

Waspish.     Irascible ;  having  a  nature  like  a  wasp. 

Wild.     Affected  with  or  originating  violent  disturbances. 


At  the  point  of  the  bayonet,  j  wjth  me  force_ 

At  the  point  of  the  sword.    ) 


Turbulence — Phrase. 


Furor  anna  ministrat  [L.].     Rage  supplies  arms. 


tur'-bu-lent.    Disorderly.    Turbulence-Calmness. 

Turc-ism.  Turkish  religion.  Orthodoxy-Hetero- 
doxy. 

tu-reen'.    A  deep  table-dish.    Contents-Receiver. 

turf.  Fuel;  grass-plot.  Combustible,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Fauna -Flora,  Gulf -Plain, 
Lists,  Purpose-Luck,  Strife-Peace. 

turf'-man.  A  man  identified  with  horse-racing.  En- 
tertainment-Weariness. 

tur-ges'-cence.  State  of  being  turgid.  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Excess-Lack. 

tur'-gid.  Bloated.  Excess -Lack,  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Pomp,  Purity-Crudeness,  Simplicity- 
Floridness. 

tur-gid'-i-ty.  State  of  being  turgid.  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Greatness -Littleness,  Simplicity- 
Floridness. 

tur'-gid-ness.  State  of  being  turgid.  Enlargement- 
Diminution. 

Turk.  Ottoman.  Matrimony-Celibacy;  grand  Turk, 
Chief-Underling;  "bear  like  the  Turk  no  rival  near 
the  throne,"  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

Turk'-ish  bath'.    A  hot  bath.    Oven-Refrigerator. 

turlupinade  [F.]  (tiir'-lu-pi-nad')  ■  Puns.  Wittiness- 
Dulness. 

tur'-moil.  Agitation;  tumult.  Agitation,  Regular- 
ity-Irregularity, Turbulence-Calmness. 

turn.  To  revolve;  alter;  shape;  crisis;  emotion.  Ad- 
vance-Retrogression, Affections,  Aim-Aberra- 
tion, Condition-Situation,  Circuition,  Curva- 
tion-Rectilinearity,  Desire-Distaste,  Emotion, 
Form-Formlessness,  Inclination,  Mutation-Per- 
manence, Opportuneness-Unsuitableness,  Peri- 
odicity -  Irregularity,  Revolution  -  Evolution, 
Sharpness-  Bluntness,  Skill-  Unskilfulness, 
Traveling-Navigation;  by  turns,  Commutation- 
Permutation,  Interdependence,  Periodicity- 
Irregularity;  come  in  its  turn,  Periodicity- Ir- 
regularity; do  a  good  turn,  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence, Goodness-Badness;  each  in  its  turn, 
Commutation-Permutation;  give  one  a  turn,  Ex- 
citation, Obstruction-Hei.p;  ill-turn,  Charita- 
bleness-Malevolence, Pardon-Vindictiveni  ss; 
in  turn,  Continuity-Interruption,  Periodicity-Ir- 
regularity, Position,  Regularity-Irregularity; 


meet  one  at  every  turn,  Purpose-Luck;  one's  luck 
turns,  Welfare-Misfortune;  serve  one's  turn, 
Usefulness-UselessnEss;  take  a  favorable  turn, 
Betterment-Deterioration,  Success-!  a  i  lure, 
Welfare-Misfortune;  to  a  turn,  Truth-Error; 
turn  a  corner,  Circuition,  Mutation-Permanence, 
Success-Failure;  turn  a  deaf  ear  to,  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Credulousness-Skefticism,  Hear- 
ing-Deafness, Heed-Disregard,  Proffer-Refu- 
sal; turn  adrift,  Admission-Expulsion,  Gathering- 
Scattering;  turn  and  turn  about,  Commutation- 
Permutation,  Mutability-Stability;  turn  ard 
twist,  Circle- Winding;  turn  a  penny,  Gain-Loss; 
turn  aside,  Aim-Aberration,  Commission-Abroga- 
tion, Heed  -  Disregard,  Motive-  Dehortation, 
Mutation-Permanence,  Obstruction-Help,  Re- 
lease-Restraint; turn  away,  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Commission-Abrogation,  Quest-Evasion, 
Sight-Blindness,  Yielding;  turn  back,  Advance- 
Retrogression,  Conversion-Reversion:  turn  col- 
or, Emotion;  turn  down,  Plicature;  turn  fcr, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  turn  from,  Repentance- 
Obduracy;  turn  in,  Activity-Indolence;  turn  in- 
side out,  Exposure-Hidingplace;  turn  into,  Buying- 
Sale,  Conversion-Reversion,  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation,  Society-Derision;  turn  of  ex- 
pression, Phrase;  turn  off,  Admission-Expulsion, 
Recompense-Punition;  turn  cf  mind,  Affection; 
turn  of  the  cards,  Rationale-Luck;  turn  of  the 
table,  Rationale-Luck;  turn  of  the  tide,  Conver- 
sion-Reversion; turn  one's  attention  from,  Heed- 
Disregard;  turn  one's  back  upon,  Advance-Retro- 
gression, Antagonism-Concurrence,  Attraction- 
Repulsion,  Conception-Theme.  Proffer-Refusal, 
Regard-Disrespect,  Regard-Scorn,  Sociability- 
Privacy;  turn  one's  hand  to,  Enterprise,  Occupa- 
tion; turn  on  one's  heel,  Circuition,  Politeness- 
Impoliteness,  Quest-Evasion;  turn  on  the  tap, 
Admission-Expulsion;  turn  out,  Admission-Ex- 
pulsion, Commission-Abrogation.  Conveyance- 
Vessel,  Conversion-Reversion,  Dress-Undress, 
Occurrence-Destiny,  Outside-Inside,  Pomp,  Suc- 
cess-Failure; turn  over,  Giving-Receiving;  turn 
over  a  new  leaf,  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Bigotry-Apostasy,    Mutation-Permanence,    Re- 


TURN. 


1097 


TWINS. 


pentance-Obduracy;  turn  over  in  the  mind,  Re- 
flection-Vacancy; turn  over  the  leaves,  Educa- 
tion-Learning, Heed-Disregard;  turn  over  to, 
Conceit-Diffidence,  Transfer;  turn  round,  Ad- 
vance-Retrogression, Bigotry-Apostasy,  Circui- 
tion,  Reversal,  Revolution -Evolution,  Rule- 
License;  turn  tail,  Advance- Retrogression, 
Bravery-Cowardice,  Quest-Evasion  ;  turn  the 
brain,  San  en  ess-Lunacy;  turn  the  corner,  Aim- Aber- 
ration, Betterment -Deterioration,  Mutation- 
Permanence;  turn  the  eyes  upon,  Sight-Blindness; 
turn  the  head,  Astonishment-Expectance,  Excita- 
tion, Love-Hate;  turn  the  house  out  of  the  window, 
Variance- Accord;  turn  the  mind  to,  Heed-Disre- 
gard; turn  the  other  cheek,  Yielding;  turn  the 
scale,  Cause- Effect,  Conversion- Reversion, 
Dominance  -  Impotence,  Equality  -  Inequality, 
Evidence -Counterevidence,  Motive -Caprice, 
Mutation-Permanence,  Supremacy-Subordinacy; 
turn  the  stomach,  Desire-Distaste,  Palatable- 
ness-Unpalatableness;  turn  the  tables,  Reprisal- 
Resistance,  Sameness-Contrast;  turn  the  tide, 
Conversion-Reversion;  turn  to  account,  Gain- 
Loss,  Use-Disuse;  turn  to  good  account,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Success-Failure;  turn  top- 
sy-turvy, Organization-Disorganization,  Rever- 
sal; turn  under,  Plicature;  turnup,  Conceit-Dif- 
fidence, Expectation- Surprise,  Occurrence- 
Destiny,  Rationale-Luck,  Visibility-Invisibil- 
ity; turn  upon,  Cause-Effect,  Reprisal-Resist- 
ance; turn  up  one's  eyes,  Astonishment-Expect- 
ance, Godliness-Ungodliness;  turn  up  one's  nose 
at,  Desire-Distaste,  Regard-Scorn,  Unconcern. 

turn-coat".  Renegade.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Patriot- 
ism-Tyranny. 

turned'  of.  Passed  beyond;  years  old.  Infancy- 
Age. 

turned  off'.     Hanged.     Punition. 

turn'-ing.    Act  of  one  who  turns.    Circuition. 

turn'-ing-point".  Crisis.  Advance-Retrogression, 
Beginning-End,  Boundary,  Cause-Effect,  Condi- 
tion-Situation, Conversion  -  Reversion,  Oppor- 
tuneness-Unsuitableness,  Top-Bottom. 

turn'-key".     Jailer.     Guard-Prisoner. 

turn'-pike"  road.     Toll-road.     Way. 

turn'-scre  w" .     Screw-driver.     Instrument. 

turn'-spit".     A  small  dog.     Fauna-Flora. 

turn'-stile".  A  revolving  X-shapcd  gate.  Architec- 
ture, Obstruction-Help. 

turn'-tip"-pet.     A  turncoat.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

tur'-pen-tine  and  bees'-wax".  A  polishing  compound. 
Smoothness-Roughness. 

Tur'-pin,  Dick.    A  notorious  English  robber.     Robber. 

tur'-pi-tude.  Depravity.  Reputation-Discredit, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

tur-quoise'.  A  sky-blue  or  apple-green  stone.  Blue- 
ness-Orange,  Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

tur'-ret.     Tower.     Architecture,  Height-Lowness. 

tur'-ret-ship.     Monitor.     Belligerent. 

tur'-tle.  Chelonian.  Palatableness-Unpalatable- 
ness. 

tur'-tle-doves" .  Birds  noted  for  their  affection.  Love- 
Hate. 

Tus'-can.  Pertaining  to  Tuscany.  Tuscan  capital, 
Architecture;  Tuscan  order,  Architecture. 

tush.  Expression  of  contempt.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Sound-Silence,  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity. 

tusk.     A  long-pointed  tooth.     Sharpness-Bluntness. 

tus'-sle.     Struggle.     Strife-Peace. 

tut.  Exclamation  of  impatience.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, Consequence -Insignificance,  Sound- 
Silence,  Talkativeness-Taciturnity. 

tutaris  aut  perfice,  aut  non  [L.]  (tiu-tS'-ris  aut  per-fi-sl, 


aut  non).       Either  do  not  attempt  or  else  achieve. 
Completion-Noncompletion,  Venture. 

tu'-tel-age.  Guardianship;  act  of  tutoring.  Educa- 
tion-Learning, Education -Misteaching,  In- 
structor-Pupil, Liberty-Subjection,  Security- 
Insecurity. 

tu'-te-la-ry.  Protective.  Security-Insecurity; 
tutelary  genius,  Antagonist- Assistant,  Jove- 
Fiend;  tutelary  god,  Security-Insecurity;  tute- 
lary saint,  Benefactor-Evildoer,  Friend-Foe, 
Security-Insecurity. 

tu'-tor.  To  teach;  an  instructor.  Education-Mis 
teaching,  Feeling- Insensibility,  Instructor- 
Pupil.  ' 

tu'-tor-age.  The  occupation  of  a  tutor  Education- 
Misteaching. 

tutus  cavendo  [L.]  (tiu'-tus  ca-ven'-do).  Protected. 
Security-Insecurity. 

iuum  est  [L.]  (tiu'-um  est).  It  is  thine.  Holding- 
Exemption. 

tu"-yere'.  Pipe  through  which  air  is  forced  into  a 
forge.     Oven-Refrigerator. 

twad'-dle.  Nonsense.  Adage-Nonsense,  Talka- 
tiveness-Taciturnity, Meaning-Jargon. 

twain.     Two.     Duality;  in  twain,  Union-Disunion. 

twang.  Unpleasant  taste;  sharp  nasal  modulation  of 
the  voice.  Cacophony,  Pungency,  Savor-Taste- 
lessness,  Sound-Silence,  Talkativeness-Inar- 
ticulation. 

twat'-tle.  Idle  talk.  Meaning-Jargon,  Talkative- 
ness-Taciturnity. 

tweak.  Twist  sharply.  Sensuality-Suffering; 
tweak  the  nose,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

twee'-dle.  To  play  a  violin  or  bagpipe.  Touch, 
Musician. 

twee'-dle-dum  and  twee'-dle-dee.  Two  things  between 
which  there  is  the  slightest  possible  difference. 
Music. 

twelfth.     Second    in    order    after    the    tenth.     Five- 

QUINQUESECTION. 

twelve.  A  cardinal  numeral.  Five-Quinquesec- 
tion. 

twen'-ti-eth.  One  of  twenty  equal  parts;  the  ordinal 
of  twenty.  Five-Quinquesection. 

twen'-ty.     Twice  ten.     Five-Quinquesection. 

twen'-ty-five".  The  sum  of  twenty  and  five.  Five- 
Quinquesection. 

twen'-ty-four".  The  sum  of  twenty  and  four.  Five- 
Quinquesection. 

twen'-ty-fourth".  One  of  twenty- four  equal  parts; 
the  ordinal  of  twenty-four.     Five-Quinquesection. 

twice.     Two  times.     Doubling-Halving. 

twice-told  tale.  Stale.  Entertainment- Weariness, 
Recurrence. 

twid'-dle.     Toy  idly.     Touch. 

twig.  A  small  branch.  Whole-Part;  hop  the  twig, 
Life-Death. 

twi'-light.  A  faint  light.  Dimness,  Morning- Eve- 
ning. 

twill.  A  woven  cloth.  Crossing,  Circle-Winding, 
Plicature. 

twin.  Similar;  duplicate.  Doubling-Halving,  Dual- 
ity, Likeness-Unlikeness;  twin  crystals,  Miner- 
alogy. 

twine.  Twist  spirally;  strong  string.  Crossing,  Cir- 
cle-Winding, Lamina-Fiber;  twine  round,  En- 
vironment-Interposition, Union-Disunion. 

twinge.     Pinch.     Sensuality-Suffering. 

twin'-kle.  A  moment;  gleam.  Dimness,  Eternity- 
Instantaneity,  Light-Darkness. 

twin'-kling.  The  act  of  one  who  twinkles;  a  moment. 
Eternity-Instantaneity;  in  the  twinkling  of  an 
eye,  Eternity-Instantaneity. 

twins.     Two  born  at  one  birth.     Duality. 


TWIRE. 


1098 


TYRANNY— ANARCHY. 


twire.     Flash.     Agitation. 

twirl.  Revolve.  Circle-Winding,  Circuition,  Rev- 
olution-Evolution. 

twist.  Wind;  contort;  prejudice;  thread.  Aim-Aber- 
ration, Circle- Winding,  Circuition,  Crossing, 
Decision-Misjudgment,  Desire-Distaste,  Fault- 
lessness-Faultiness,  Lamina-Fiber,  Parallel- 
ism-Inclination, Proportion-Deformity,  Sane- 
ness-lunacy,  union-dlsunion. 

twist'-ed.     Crooked  spirally.     Circle-Winding. 

twit.  Reproach.  Approval-Disapproval,  Justifi- 
cation-Charge, Regard-Disrespect,  Society-De- 
rision. 

twitch.  Pull;  a  sudden  pain.  Push-Pull,  Sensual- 
ity-Suffering. 

twit'-ter.  Tremble;  tremulous  note  of  a  bird.  Agita- 
tion, Cry-Ululation,  Emotion,  Musician. 

'twixt.     Between.     Environment-Interposition. 

two.  One  more  than  one.  Duality;  fall  between 
two  stools,  Success-Failure;  game  at  which  two 
can  play,  Reprisal-Resistance;  in  two  places  at 
once,  Possibility-Impossibility;  kill  two  birds  with 
one  stone,  Activity-Indolence;  make  two  bites  of 
a  cherry,  Fasting-Gluttony,  Midcourse-Circuit, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  two  dozen,  Five-Quinque- 
section;  two  meanings,  Ambiguity;  two  of  a  trade, 
Antagonism-Concurrence;  two  or  three,PLURALiTY- 
Fraction;  twoscore,  Five-Quinquesection;  two 
strings  to  one's  bow,  Means;  unable  to  put  two  words 
together,  Talkativeness-Inarticulation. 

two-edged.      Cutting  both  ways.      Sharpness-Blunt- 

NESS. 

two'-fold".     Double.     Doubling-Halving. 
two'-pen"-ny-half-pen'-ny.       Unimportant.       Conse- 
quence-Insignificance. 


two'-sid"-ed.  Having  two  sides.  Doubling-Halv- 
ing. 

ty-coon'.  A  title  assumed  by  the  shogun  of  Japan 
about  1854.     Chief-Underling. 

tyg.  A  three-handled  drinking-cup.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

tyke.     Churl.     Gentility-Commonalty. 

tym'-bal.     Kettle-drum.     Musical  Instruments. 

tym'-pan-um.     Middle  ear.     Hearing-Deafness. 

tym'-pa-ny.     Conceit.     Enlargement-Diminution. 

type.  Image;  letter  used  in  printing.  Copy-Model, 
Division,  Form-Formlessness,  Letter,  Likeness- 
Unlikeness,  Prophecy,  Sign,  Subjectiveness- 
Objectiveness,  Trope,  Writing-Printing. 

type'-wri"-ter.  A  machine  for  producing  printed 
characters  as  a  substitute  for  writing.  Writing- 
Printing. 

ty'-phoid.     An  infectious  fever.     Health-Sickness. 

ty-phoon'.     Cyclone;  hurricane.     River- Wind. 

typ'-ic-al.       Symbolical.       Conventionality-Uncon- 

VENTIONALITY,     SlGN,     TROPE,     UNIVERSALITY- PAR- 
TICULARITY. 

typ'-i-fy.     Signify  by  an  image.     Prophecy,  Sign. 

ty"-pc-graph'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  typography.  Writ- 
ing-Printing. 

ty-pog'-ra-phy.  Art  of  printing.  Writing-Print- 
ing. 

ty-ran'-nic-al.  Like  a  tyrant.'  Harshness-Mildness, 
Tyranny- Anarchy. 

ty-ran'-nic-al-ly.     Despotically.     Tyranny-Anarchy. 

tyr'-an-nize.     Domineer  over.     Harshness-Mildness. 

tyr'-an-nous.     Despotic.     Tyranny-Anarchy. 

tyr'-an-ny.  Despotism.  Harshness-Mildness,  Pre- 
sumption -  Obsequiousness,     Tyranny  -  Anarchy. 


TYRANNY— ANARCHY. 


Absoluteness.     Absolute  power. 

Absolutism.     The  principles  of  despotism. 

Arbitrariness.     The  quality  of  ruling  according  to  one's  own  will. 

Autocracy.     Absolute  rule  by  a  single  person. 

Caesarism.      Government  by  one  person  with  unrestricted  powers. 

Despotism.      Government  by  an  absolute  and  irresponsible  ruler. 

Dictatorship.      High-handed  and  absolute  rule  by  a  single  person. 

Imperialism.     Government  in  which  all  power  is  concentrated  in  one 

person. 
Nepotism.     Favoritism  to  relatives. 
Oppression.     Government  without  consideration  for  the  rights  of  the 

governed. 
Personal  government.     Government  by  one  person. 
Tyranny.     Cruel  government  by  an  absolute  ruler. 

Tyranny — -Nouns  of  Agent. 

Absolute  ruler.  A  ruler  not  limited  or  restrained  by  any  power  or 
authority. 

Autocrat.  A  supreme  ruler  whose  power  is  unrestrained  and  irre- 
sponsible. 

Czar.     An  absolute  monarch. 

Despot.     One  who  rules  without  constitutional  check  or  restraint. 

Dictator.     A  person  having  absolute  powers  of  government. 

Man  on  horseback.      A  person  in  authority. 

Oppressor.     One  who  abuses  power  or  authority. 

Pasha.     An  Ottoman  governor. 

Pharaoh.     One  of  the  ancient  rulers  of  Egypt. 

Taskmaster.     On*  who  loads  with  heavy  burdens. 

Tyrant.     One  who  rules  oppressively  or  cruelly. 

Tyranny —  Verbs. 

Domineer      To  rule  arrogantly  and  absolutely. 
Lord.     To  rule  over  with  entire  authority. 
Tyrannize.      To  rule  cruelly  and  absolutely. 
Usurp.     To  rule  without  legal  authority. 

Tyranny — Verbal  Expressions. 

Act  the  tyrant)  carry  matters  with  a  high  hand;  exercise  oppression; 
keep  in  subjection;  lord  it  over;  rule  with  a  rod  of  iron. 


Anarchism.     Absolute  freedom  from  laws. 

Anarchy.  State  of  society  having  no  laws  and  absolute  individual 
freedom. 

Communism.  Government  with  community  of  property  and  an 
equitable  division  of  labor. 

Lynch-law.  The  practise  of  inflicting  capital  punishment  upon  sus- 
pected criminals  without  legal  authority. 

Nihilism.  The  principles  of  a  Russian  secret  society  holding  that  all 
existing  governments  should  be  overthrown. 

Socialism.  The  theory  that  governments  should  depend  on.coopera- 
tive.  not  individual  action. 

Thuggism.  A  system  of  organized  assassination  practised  by  a 
secret  society  of  India. 

Anarchy — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Anarchist.     One  who  would  use  violence  to  destroy  the  existing  civil 

and  social  order  of  things. 
Assassin.     One  who  kills  secretly  or  treacherously ;  hashish  cater. 
Communist.     One  who  is  in  favor  of  the  abolition  of  all  private 

property,  by  force  or  violence  if  necessary. 
Czolgosz.     The  anarchist  assassin  of  President  McKinley. 
Haymarket  gang.     A  body  of  Chicago  anarchists. 
Luddite.     One  of  an  organization  of  English  workingmen,  formed  to 

destroy  labor-saving  machinery. 
Molly  Maguires.     A  secret  society  in  the  coal  regions  of  Pennsylvania 

formed  to  resist  the  officers  of  the  law. 
Nihilist.     A  Russian  anarchist. 
Petroleur  fF.l     An  incendiary  who  uses  petroleum;  specifically,  at 

the  time  of  the  Commune  of  Paris. 
Thug.     One  of  an  organization  of  religious  assassins  in  India. 

Anarchy — Associated  Nouns. 

Assassination.      Killing  secretly  or  treacherously. 

Communr..      The   revolutionary  body  which  controlled  the  city  of 

Paris  in  1871. 
Reign  of  Terror.     The  period  of  the  French  Revolution  from  May, 

1793.  to  August,  1794,  during  which  thousands  of  persons  wera 

guillotined. 
Riot.     A  disturbance  by  a  mob. 
Tumult.     The  commotion  or  disturbance  of  a  multitude. 


TYRANNY. 


1099 


TYRO. 


TYRANNY— ANARCHY— Continued 


Tyranny — Adjectives. 

Absolute.     Governing  without  any  restraints. 

Autocratic.     Pertaining  to  a  government  by  one  person  of  unlimited 

powers. 
Cruel.     Governing  so  as  to  inflict  injury  upon  the  governed. 
Despotic.     Ruling  like  an  absolute  monarch. 

High-kanded.     Governing  in  an  arbitrary  and  overbearing  manner. 
Imperious.     Given  to  commanding  in  an  arrogant  manner. 
Irresponsible.     Careless  of  the  responsibilities  of  government. 
Tyrannical.     Like  a  tyrant. 
Tyrannous.     In  the  manner  of  a  tyrant. 

Tyranny — Adverbs. 

Absolutely.     Without  restraint. 

Arbitrarily.     According  to  one's  own  pleasure  or  caprice. 

Despotically.     With  unlimited  power. 

Tyrannically.     With  unjust  exercise  of  power. 


Anarchy — Verbs. 


Assassinate.     To  kill  by  surprise  or  secret  assault. 
Raise  an  uproar.     To  bring  about  a  public  disturbance. 
Raise  the  red  flag.     To  raise  the  standard  of  anarchy. 
Riot.     To  make  a  tumultuous  disturbance  of  the  peace. 

Anarch  y — A  djectives. 

Anarchical  J  Holding  to  the  principles  of  anarchy. 

Anarchistic.     Striving  to  overturn  all  law  and  order. 

Communistic.     Believing  in  holding  property  in  common. 

Insubordinate.     Hard  to  govern. 

Nihilistic.     Following  the  practise  of  nihilism. 

Ungovernable.     That  cannot  be  ruled. 

Unruly.     Disposed  to  violate  the  laws. 


ty'-rant.  A  despot;  severe  ruler.  Chief-Underling, 
Harshness-Mildness,  Scholar-Dunce,  Tyranny- 
Anarchy. 


ty'-ro.       A    novice. 
structor-Pupil. 


Benefactor  -  Evildoer,     In-  " 


UBEROUS. 


1100 


UNADVENTUROUS. 


u 


u'-ber-ous.     Fruitful.     Fertility-Sterility. 

uberrima  fides  [L.]  (yu-ber'-ri-ma  fai'-diz).  Fullest 
faith.     Faith-Misgiving. 

u'-ber-ty.     Fruitfulness.     Fertility-Sterility. 

u-bi'-e-ty.     Omnipresence.     Presence-Absence. 

U-biq"-ui-ta'-ri-an.  Believer  in  bodily  presence  of 
Christ  in  the  Eucharist.      Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

u-biq'-ui-ta-ry.     Omnipresent.     Presence-Absence. 

u-biq'-ui-tous.     Omnipresent.     Presence-Absence. 

u-biq'-uitous-ness.  Omnipresence.  Presence -Ab- 
sence 

u-biq'-ui-ty.  Whereness.  Extension- District, 

Presence- Absence. 

Ucalegon  proximus  ardet  [L.]  (yu-cal'-i-gon  prox'-i- 
mus  ard'-et).  Ucalegon 's  house  will  burn  next. 
Refuge-Pitfall.  [At  the  burning  of  Troy,  Virgil, 
JEneid,  ii,  312.] 

ud'-der.     Milk-bag.     Contents-Receiver. 

u-dom'-e-ter.     Rain-gage.     Mensuration. 

ugh.  An  exclamation  of  repugnance  or  disgust.  De- 
sire-Distaste. 

ug'-li-ness.  Unsightly.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Propor- 
tion-Deformity. 

ug'-ly.  Ill-looking.  Beauty-Ugliness;  ugly  cus- 
tomer, Approval-Disapproval,  Benefactor-Evil- 
doer, Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Refuge-Pitfall,  Suc- 
cess-Failure. 

uh'-lan.     A  cavalryman  and  lancer.     Belligerent. 

u-kase'.     A  decree  of  the  Russian  government.    Ordt  r. 

ul'-cer.  An  open  sore.  Health-Sickness,  Pleasur- 
ableness-Painfulness. 

CT'-le-ma.  The  body  of  Moslem  lawyers  who  interpret 
the  Koran.     Judge,  Ministry-Laity. 

u-lig'-i-nous.     Slimy.     Viscidity-Foam. 

ul'-lage.     Wantage.     Contents-Receiver. 

ul"-la-lul'-la.  Lament  for  the  dead.  Jubilation- 
Lamentation. 

ul'-ster.    A  very  long,  loose  overcoat.    Dress-Undress. 

ul-te'-ri-or.  Following;  more  remote.  Constituent- 
Alien,  Future-Past,  Remoteness-Nearness. 

■ultima  ratio  regum  [L.]  (ul'-ti-ma  re'-shi-o  rt'-gum). 
Last  argument  of  kings;  war.     Coercion. 

ultima  Thule  [L.]  (ul'-ti-ma  thiu'-li) .  The  most  remote 
land  in  the  world.     Remoteness-Nearness. 

ul'-ti-mate.     Final.     Beginning-End. 

ul'-ti-mate-ly.  Finally.  Earliness-Lateness,  Fu- 
ture-Past. 

ul"-ti-ma'-tum.  A  last  offer.  Certainty-Uncer- 
tainty, Order,  Purpose-Luck,  Terms. 

ultimo  [L.]  (ul'-ti-mo).  In  the  last  month.  Future- 
Past. 

ulttmus  regum  [L.]  (ul'-ti-mus  ri'-gum).  The  last  of 
the  kings.     Fighting-Conciliation. 

ultra  [L.]  (ul'-tra).  Beyond.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness,  Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

ultra,  ne  plus  [L.]  (ul'-tra,  n5  plus).      Nothing  beyond; 
nothing  better.       Boundary,       Completion- Non- 
completion,     Entirety- Deficiency,    Faultless 
ness-Faultiness,  Top-Bottom. 

ultra  crepidam  ne  sutor  [L.]  (ul'-tra  crep'-i-dam,  nt 
siu-tor) .  Let  not  the  shoemaker  leave  his  last.  Pos- 
sibility-Impossibility. 

ul"-tra-ma-rine'.  Beyond  the  sea;  a  blue  pigment. 
Blueness-Orange. 


ul"-tra-mon'-tane.  Beyond  the  mountains;  a  believe* 
in  ultramontanism.  Church,  Constituen.t-Alien, 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy,  Remoteness-Nearness. 

ul"-tra-mon'-ta-nism.  Support  of  the  pope;  the  view 
of  those  beyond  the  Alps.     Church. 

ul"-tra-mun'-dane.  Beyond  the  world.  Remote- 
ness-Nearness. 

u"-lu-la'-tion.     A  howling.     Cry-Ulllation. 

U-lys'-ses.     A  king  of  Ithaca.     Craft-Artlessness. 

um-bil'-i-cal.  Central;  pertaining  to  the  umbilicus. 
Anatomy,  Center. 

um"-bi-li'-cus.     The  navel.     Center. 

um'-bra.  The  portion  of  a  shadow  from  which  the 
direct  light  is  entirely  cut  off.     Light-Darkness. 

umbra  magni  nominis  [L.]  (um'-bra  mag'-nai  nom'-i- 
nis).  The  shadow  of  a  great  name.  Betterment- 
Deterioration. 

um'-brage.  Shadow.  Favorite-Anger,  Love-Hate, 
Luminary-Shade;  take  umbrage,  Favorite-An- 
ger. 

um-bra'-geous.  Shady.  Light- Darkness,  Lumi. 
nary-Shade. 

um-brel'-la.  A  device  for  protection  against  sun  or 
rain.  Cover-Lining,  Luminary-Shade,  Refuge- 
Pitfall. 

um'-pire.     A  judge.     Decision-Misjudgment,  Judge. 

una  voce  [L.]  (yu'-na  vo'-si) .  With  one  voice.  Assent- 
Dissent. 

un"-a-bashed'.  Undaunted.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Conceit  -  Diffidence,  Presumption  -  Obsequious- 
ness. 

un"-a-ba'-ted.     Continued.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

un-a'-ble.  Incompetent.  Might-Impotence;  unable 
to  say  "no,"  Determination-Vacillation.     - 

un"-ac-cept'-a-ble.  Unpleasing.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

un"-ac-com'-mo-dat-ing.  Disagreeable.  Favorite- 
Moroseness,  Harmony-Discord,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

un"-ac-com'-pa-nied.  Unattended.  Solitude-Com- 
pany. 

un"-ac-com'-plished.  Lacking  accomplishments.  Com- 
pletion-Noncompletion. 

un"-ac-count'-a-ble .  Extraordinary.  Clearness- 
Obscurity,  Conventionality  -  Unconventional- 
ity,  Duty-Immunity,  Law-Lawlessness. 

un"-ac-cus'-tomed.  Unusual;  unused.  Conven- 
tionality -  Unconventionality,  Habit  -  Desue- 
tude, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

un"-a-chiev'-a-ble.  Unattainable.  Possibility-Im- 
possibility. 

un"-ac-knowl'-edged.  Not  recognized.  Assent-Dis- 
sent, Thankfulness-Thanklessness. 

un"-ac-quaint'-ed.  Not  familiar  with.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance. 

un"-ac-quired'.     Not  gained.     Holding-Exemption. 

un"-ad-mon'-ished.  Unwarned.  Security-Inse- 
curity. 

un"-a-dorned'.  Plain.  Simplicity- Floridness;  un- 
adorned beauty,  Beauty-Ugliness. 

un"-a-dul'-ter-a-ted.  Pure.  Mixture-Homogeneity, 
Truth-Error. 

un"-ad-ven'-tur-ous.  Cautious.  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion. 


UNADVISABLE. 


1101 


UNBEGUN. 


un"-ad-vi'-sa-ble.  Imprudent.  Goodness-Badness, 
Propriety-Impropriety. 

un"-ad- vised'.  Not  warned.  Security-Insecurity, 
Skill-Unskilfulness. 

un"-af-fect'-ed.  Natural;  real.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Embellishment- Simplicity,  Purity -Crudeness, 
Taste-Vulgarity,  Truth-Error,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

un"-af-flict'-ed.  Not  troubled.  Contentedness- 
Regret. 

un-aid'-ed.     Not  assisted.     Strength-Weakness. 

un"-a-larmed'.     Calm.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

un-a'-lien-a-ble.      Untransferable.       Dueness-Undue- 

NESS. 

un"-al-layed'.     Aroused.     Strength-Weakness. 

un"-al-lied'.  Not  united.  Connection- Independ- 
ence. 

un"-al-low'-a-ble.     Intolerable.     Right-Wrong. 

un"-al-lowed'.     Not  tolerated.     Dueness-Undueness. 

un"-al-loyed'.  Pure.  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Pleas- 
ure-Pain; unalloyed  happiness,  Pleasure- Pain; 
unalloyed  truth,  Truth-Error. 

un"-al-lur'-ing.     Not  tempting.     Unconcern. 

un-al'-ter-a-ble.  Unchangeable.  Mutability -Sta- 
bility. 

un-al'-tered.  Unchanged.  Mutability-Stability, 
Sameness-Contrast. 

un"-a-mazed'.  Not  bewildered.  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance. 

un"-am-big'-u-ous.     Clear.     Clearness-Obscurity. 

un"-am-bi'-tious.  Having  no  desire  for.  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy, Unconcern. 

un-a'-mi-a-ble.  Churlish.  Charitableness-Malev- 
olence. 

un-an'-i-ma"-ted.  Unmoved.  Sensitiveness- 

Apathy. 

u"-na-nim'-i-ty.  Harmoniousness.  Antagonist-As- 
sistant, Assent-Dissent,  Variance-Accord. 

u-nan'-i-mous.     Harmonious.     Assent-Dissent. 

u-nan'-i-mous-ly.     Harmoniously.     Assent-Dissent. 

un"-an-nexed'.     Disunited.     Union-Disunion. 

un-an'-swer-a-ble.  Clear;  free;  irresponsible.  Law- 
Lawlessness,  Proof-Disproof. 

un-an'-swered.     Not  replied  to.     Proof-Disproof. 

un"-an-tic'-i-pa"-ted.  Unforeseen.  Expectation-Sur- 
prise. 

un"-ap-palled'.      Not  terrified.      Bravery-Cowardice. 

un"-ap-par'-ent.    Dubious.    Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

un"-ap-peas'-a-ble.  Not  to  be  allayed.  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

un"-ap-plied'.     Not  utilized.     Use-Misuse. 

un-ap  -pre-hend'-ed.  Unperceived.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance. 

un-ap"-pre-hen'-sive.         Without    fear.  Bravery- 

Cowardice. 

un"-ap-prized'.  Uninformed.  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance. 

un"-ap-proach'-a-ble.  Inaccessible.  Infinity,  Re- 
moteness-Nearness. 

un"-ap-proached'.  Not  excelled.  Remoteness- 
Nearness,  Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

un"-ap-pro'-pri-a-ted.  Unused.  Keeping- Relin- 
quishment. 

un"-ap-proved\  Not  justified.  Approval-Disap- 
proval. 

un-apt'.  Incongruous;  impotent;  unskilful.  Har- 
mony-Discord, Might-Impotence,  Skill-Unskil- 
fulness. 

un-armed'.  Having  no  means  of  defense.  Might- 
Impotence. 

un"-ar-ranged'.  Unprepared;  disordered.  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

un"-ar-rayed'.  Unadorned.  Embellishment-Sim- 
plicity. 


un-as"-cer-tained'.  Not  found  out.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Knowledge-Ignorance. 

un-asked'.  Voluntary.  Obstruction-Help,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance. 

un"-as-pir'-ing.  Indifferent;  modest.  Conceit-Dif- 
fidence, Desire-Distaste. 

un"-as-sail'-a-ble.  Impregnable.  Security-Inse- 
curity. 

un"-as-sailed'.     Not  assaulted.     Liberty-Subjection. 

un"-as-sem'-bled.  Scattered.  Gathering-Scatter- 
ing. 

un"-as-sist'-ed.  Weak;  unaided.  Obstruction- 
Help,  Strength-Weakness;  unassisted  eye,  Sight- 
Blindness. 

un"-as-so'-ci-at-ed.     Separate.     Union-Disunion. 

un"-as-sum'-ing.     Modest.     Conceit-Diffidence. 

un"-a-toned'.  Not  expiated.  Repentance- Obdu- 
racy. 

un"-at-tached'.     Not  connected.     Union-Disunion. 

un"-at-tack'-a-ble.  Unassailable.  Security-Inse- 
curity. 

un"-at-tain'-a-ble.  Unachievable.  Possibility-Im- 
possibility. 

un"-at-tained'.     Unachieved.     Success-Failure. 

un"-at-tempt'-ed.  Not  undertaken.  Quest- Eva- 
sion. 

un"-at-tend'-ed.  Alone.  Solitude-Company;  un- 
attended to,  Carefulness-Carelessness. 

un"-at-test'-ed.  Not  witnessed.  Evidence-Counter- 
evidence. 

un"-at-tract'-ed .     Indifferent.     Unconcern. 

un"-at-tract'-ive.  Without  pleasing  qualities.  Un- 
concern. 

un"-au-then'-tic.   Untrustworthy.    Certainty-Doubt. 

un"-au-then'-ti-ca'-ted.'  Unattested;  uncertain.  Cer- 
tainty -  Doubt,  Evidence  -  Counterevidence, 
Truth-Error. 

un"-au-thor'-i-ta-tive.   Uncertain.    Certainty-Doubt. 

un-au'-thor-ized.  Unsanctioned;  unjustified.  Due- 
ness-Undueness, Law-Lawlessness,  Leave-Pro- 
hibition. 

un"-a-vail'-ing.  Useless.  Success-Failure,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness. 

un"-a-venged'.       Unpunished.       Pardon-  Vindictive- 

NESS. 

un"-a-void'-a-ble.  Certain.  Certainty-Doubt,  Voli- 
tion-Obligation. 

un"-a-vowed' .     Unacknowledged.     Assent-Dissent. 

un"-a-wak'-ened.  Not  aroused.  Activity- Indo- 
lence. 

un"-a-ware'.  Ignorant;  unexpecting.  Expectation- 
Surprise,  Knowledge-Ignorance. 

un"-a-wares'.     Ignorant.     Knowledge-Ignorance. 

un-awed'.     Fearless.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

un-bal'-anced.     Unequal.     Equality-Inequality. 

un-bar'.     To  remove  a  bar.     Release-Restraint. 

un-bashed'.     Undismayed.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

un-bear'-a-ble .  Insufferable.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

un-beat'-en.     Uncommon.     Novelty-Antiquity. 

un-beau'-te-ous.     Plain.     Beauty-Upliness. 

un-beau'-ti-fied.     Unadorned.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

un"-be-com'-ing.  Incongruous;  disreputable.  Due- 
ness-Undueness, Harmony-Discord,  Reputation- 
Discredit,  Uprightness-Dishonesty;  unbecom- 
ing a  gentleman,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

un"-be-fit'-ting.  Incongruous.  Harmony-Discord, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

un''-be-got'-ten.  Not  procreated.  Entity -Nonen- 
tity. 

un"-be-guile' .  Undeceive;  disclose.  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, Exposure-Hidingplace. 

un"-be-gun'.  Not  started;  not  prepared.  Begin- 
ning-End, PrEPARATION-NoNPREPA  RATION. 


UNBELIEF. 


1102 


UNCIRCUMSPECT. 


un"-be-lief.  Lack  of  faith.  Faith-Misgiving,  God- 
liness-Disbelief. 

un"-be-liev'-er.  A  doubter.  Gredulousness-Skep- 
ticism,  Faith-Misgiving,  Godliness-Disbelief. 

un"-be-liev'-ing.  Doubting.  Credulousness-Skep- 
ticism,  Faith-Misgiving,  Godliness-Disbelief. 

un"-be-lov'-ed.     Not  dear  to  the  heart.     Love-Hate. 

un-bend'.  Straighten;  repose.  Curvation-Recti- 
linearity,  Toil-Relaxation;  unbend  the  mind, 
Reflection- Vacancy. 

un-bend'-ing.     Hard.     Hardness-Softness. 

un"-be-nev'-o-lent.  Unkind.  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence. 

un"-be-nign'.  Ill- disposed.  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence. 

un-bent'.     Straight.     Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

un"-be-seem'-ing.  Vulgar.  Taste-Vulgarity,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

un"-be-sought'.  Unasked.  Petition -Expostula- 
tion. 

un"-be-trayed'.  Not  misled.  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty. 

un"-be-  wailed'.  Unmourned.  Approval- Disap- 
proval. 

un-bi'-ased.  Unprejudiced.  Liberty -Subjection, 
Sagacity-Incapacity. 

un-bid'-den.  Not  ordered.  Insubordination-Obe- 
dience, Volition-Obligation. 

un-big'-ot-ed.  Not  stubbornly  attached  to  a  creed  or 
opinion.     Sagacity-Incapacity. 

un-bind'.  Detach;  loosen.  Release-Restraint, 
Union-Disunion. 

un-blam'-a-ble.     Not  culpable.     Innocence-Guilt. 

un-blamed'.     Unaccused.     Innocence-Guilt. 

un-blem'-ished.  Untainted.  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness,   Innocence-Guilt. 

un-blenched'.     Unflinched.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

un-blench'-ing.     Unflinching.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

un-blend'-ed.  Not  combined.  Mixture-Homoge- 
neity. 

un-blest'.  Unfortunate;  not  approved.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Welfare-Misfortune;  unblest  with, 
Holding-Exemption. 

un-blown'.  Not  in  bloom.  Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration. 

un-blush'-ing.  Proud.  Conceit-Diffidence,  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness, Selfrespect-Humble- 
ness,  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

un-boast'-ful.     Modest.     Conceit-Diffidence. 

un-bod'-ied.  Incorporeal.  Materiality-Spiritual- 
ity. 

un-boiled'.  Not  made  ready.  Preparation-Non- 
preparation. 

un-bolt'.     To  unfasten.     Release-Restraint. 

un-book'-ish.  Not  theoretical.  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance. 

un-born'.  Being  of  a  future  generation.  Entity- 
Nonentity,  Occurrence-Destiny.  ■ 

un-bor'-rowed.     Not  lent.     Loan-Borrowing. 

un-bos'-om  one-self .  To  confide.  Exposure-Hiding- 
place. 

un-bought'.  Not  purchased ;  honorable.  Costliness- 
Cheapness,  Exchange,  Sale,  Unselfishness-Self- 
ishness, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

un-bound'.  Free.  Liberty-Subjection,  Duty-Im- 
munity. 

un-bound'-ed.     Limitless.     Infinity. 

un-brace'.  Weaken;  loose.  Health  -  Sickness, 
Strength- Weakness. 

un-braced'.     Unnerved.     Health-Sickness. 

un-breathed'.     Secret.     Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

un-bred'.     Vulgar.     Politeness-Impoliteness. 

un-bribed'.  Honorable ;  disinterested.  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 


un-bri'-dled.  Unrestrained;  free.  Liberty-Sub  iec. 
tion,  Rule-License,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

un-bro'-ken.  Entire;  unviolated.  Continuity-Inter- 
ruption,  Uprightness-Dishonesty,  Whole-Part. 

un-bruised'.     Unbroken.     Whole-Part. 

un-buck'-le.     Loosen.     Union-Disunion. 

un-bur'-den      Free  from  a  load.     Unburden  one's  mind, 

ExPOSURE-HlDINGPLACE. 

un-bur'-ied.     Uninterred.     Life-Corpse. 

un-bus'-ied.     Indolent.     Activity-Indolence. 

un-but'-toned.     Loosened.     Liberty-Subjection. 

un-cal'-cu-la"-ting.  Thoughtless.  Recklessness- 
Caution. 

un-called'  for.  Unnecessary.  Excess-Lack,  Use- 
Disuse,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

un-can'-did.  Insincere.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

un-can'-ny.     Weird.     Beauty-Ugliness,  Jove-Fiend. 

un'-ca-non'-ic-al.  Not  characteristic  of  the  canon  of 
Scripture.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

un-cared'  for.  Neglected;  disliked.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Desire-Distaste,  Love-Hate,  Un- 
concern. 

un-caught'.     Free.     Liberty-Subjection. 

un-caused'.     Accidental.     Rationale-Luck. 

un-ceas'-ing.         Continuous.         Eternity-Instanta- 

NEITY. 

un-cen'-sured.  Unpunished.  Approval -Disappro- 
val. 

un-cer"-e-mo'-ni-ous  Informal.  Conceit-Diffi- 
dence, Politeness-Impoliteness. 

un-cer'-tain.  Irregular;    doubtful.  Certainty- 

Doubt,  Periodicity-Irregularity;  in  an  uncer- 
tain degree,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

un-cer'-tain-ty.  State  of  being  uncertain.  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Clearness-Obscurity,  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation, Differentiation-Indiscrimina- 
tion. 

un-chain'.  To  loosen.  Release-Restraint,  Union- 
Disunion. 

un-chained'.     Free.     Liberty-Subjection. 

un-chal'-lenged .  Not  challenged;  not  called  in  ques- 
tion.    Assent-Dissent,  Dueness-Undueness. 

un-change'-a-ble.  Firm.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Mutability -Stability,  Persist- 
ence-Whim. 

un-change'-a-ble-ness.  Stability.  Mutability-Sta- 
bility. 

un-changed'.     The  same.     Mutation-Permanence. 

un-char'-i-ta-ble.  Not  beneficent.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence. 

un-char'-i-ta-ble-ness.  Unkindness.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence. 

un-char'-tered.  Undue;  illegal.  Dueness-Undue- 
ness, Law-Lawlessness. 

un-chaste'.     Impure.     Purity-Impurity. 

un"-chas-tised'.  Unpunished.  Exculpation-Con- 
viction. 

un-checked'.     Free.     Liberty-Subjection. 

un-cheer'-ful.     Sad.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

un-cheer'-y.     Sad.     Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

un-cheq'-uered.  Unrestrained.  Mutation- Perma- 
nence. 

un-chiv'-al-ric.  Not  generous.  Uprightness- Dis- 
honesty. 

un-chris'-tian.  Pagan.  Godliness-Disbelief,  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy. 

un'-cial.  Consisting  of  a  form  of  letters  prevalent 
from  the  4th  to  8th  centurv.     Writing-Printing. 

un'-cin-a"-ted.     Hooked  at  the  end.     Angularity. 

un-cV-cum-scribed".  Unrestricted.  Extension-In- 
extension. 

un-cir'-cum-spect.  Incautious.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness. 


UNCIVIL. 


1103 


UNCONCERN. 


un-cW-il.  Discourteous;  ill-bred.  Politeness-Im- 
politeness, Taste-Vulgarity. 

un-civ'-il-ized.  Unrefined.  Gentility-Commonalty, 
Politeness-Impoliteness. 

un-claimed'.     Not  demanded.     Liberty-Subjection. 

un-clas'-sic-al.     Unrefined.     Taste-Vulgarity. 

un'-cle.  A  father's  or  mother's  brother;  the  husband 
of  an  aunt.  Relationship;  my  uncle's,  Loan-Bor- 
rowing. 

un-clean'.  Dirty.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Purity- 
Impurity;  unclean  spirit,  Angel-Satan,  Jove- 
Fiend. 

un-clean'-ly.     Filthy.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

un-clean'-ness.  Dirtiness.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Purity-Impurity. 

un-clipped'.     Not  curtailed.     Whole-Part. 

un-clog'.  Unobstruct.  Difficulty- Facility,  Re- 
lease-Restraint. 

un-close'.  Open.  Aperture-Closure,  Release- 
Restraint. 

un-ciosed'.     Open.     Aperture-Closure. 

un-cloud'-ed.  Clear;  visible.  Light-Darkness,  Visi- 
bility-Invisibility. 

un-club'-ba-ble.     Not  genial.     Sociability-Privacy. 

un-clutch'.  To  loose  from  a  firm  grasp.  Taking-Res- 
titution. 

un-coif.     To  take  off  a  coif.     Dress-Undress. 

un-coil'.  To  straighten;  evolve.  Revolution-Evo- 
lution. 

un-col'-ored.  True;  ■without  color.  Color- Achro- 
matism, Truth-Error. 

un-combed'.  Dirty;  vulgar.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Taste- Vulgarity. 

un"-com-bined' .  Not  blended;  loose.  Cohesion- 
Looseness,  Mixture-Homogeneity. 

un"-come-at'-a-ble.  Unattainable.  Possibility- 
Impossibility. 

un-come'-ly.     Homely.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

un-com'-fort-a-ble.  Wretched.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Pleasure-Pain. 

un"-com-menced' .     Not  begun.     Beginning-End. 

un"-com-mend'-a-ble.  Blamable;  bad.  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Innocence-Guilt,  Virtue-Vice. 

un"-com-men'-su-ra-ble.  Inadapted.  Harmony-Dis- 
cord. 

un-com'-mon.  Rare.  Conventionality-  Unconven- 
tionally. 

un-com'-mon-ly.     Odd.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

un"-com-mu'-ni-ca"-ted.  Not  made  known.  Keeping- 
Relinquishment. 

un"-com-mu'-ni-ca-tive.  Not  ingenuous.  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy. 

un"-com-pact' .     Not  dense.     Solidity-Rarity. 

un"  -com-  pas'  -sion-  ate.  Unmerciful.  Compassion- 
Ruthlessness. 

un"-com-pelled'.  Not  coerced.  Liberty -Subjec- 
tion. 

un"-com-ple'-ted.  Unfinished.  Completion-Non- 
completion,  Entirety-Deficiency,  Success-Fail- 
ure. 

un-com-pli'-ant.  Unyielding.  Insubordination- 
Obedience. 

un"-com-ply'-ing.  Disobedient.  Insubordination- 
Obedience,  Proffer-Refusal. 

un"-com-pound-ed.  Simple.  Mixture  -  Homoge- 
neity. 

un"-com-pressed'.  Not  condensed.  Heaviness- 
Lightness,  Solidity-Rarity. 

un"-com-pro-mis'-ing.  Severe.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Harshness-Mildness. 

un"-con-ceal'-a-ble.  Not  secretable.  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy. 

un"-con-ceived'.  Uncreated;  unintelligible.  Clear- 
ness-Obscurity, Entity-Nonentity. 


un"-con-cern'.  Indifference.  Desire-Distaste,  Sen- 
sitiveness-Apathy. 

UNCONCERN. 

Anorexy.     Want  of  appetite,  without  a  loathing  for  food. 

Apathy.  A  calmness,  indolence,  or  state  of  indifference;  incapable 
of  being  roused  to  active  interest.     See  Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

Coldness.     The  quality  of  being  wanting  in  ardor  zeal,  or  passion. 

Disdainfulness.  A  feeling  of  contempt  and  aversion.  See  Regard- 
Scorn. 

Inappetency.     Want  of  desire. 

Inattention.  Want  of  attention  or  failure  to  pay  attention  Sef 
Heed-Disregard. 

Indifference.  Unconcern;  absence  of  anxiety  or  interest  in  respect 
to  what  is  presented  to  the  mind. 

Insouciance  [F.J.     Carelessness;  heedlessness. 

Neutrality.     State  of  taking  no  part  on  either  side. 

Nonchalance  [F.J.     Coolness;  indifference. 

Recklessness.  Utter  carelessness  or  heedlessness.  See  Reckless- 
ness. 

Supineness.  Carelessness  or  inattention.     See  Activity-Indolence. 

Unconcern.     Absence  of  anxiety  or  care. 

Want  of  earnestness.     Absence  of  hearty  endeavor  or  eagerness. 

Want  of  interest.     The.  absence  of  excitement  of  feeling. 

Unconcern — Verbs. 
Be  cold. 
Be  indifferent. 
Be  lukewarm. 
Care  nothing  about.  To  be  indifferent  about. 
Care  nothing  for.     To  be  cold  or  distant. 

Have  no  desire.     To  have  no  longing  or  wish  for.     See  Desire. 
Have  no  relish  for.    To  lack  fondness  for 

Have  no  taste  for.     To  have  no  intellectual  relish  or  fondness  for. 
Not  care  a  straw  about.  \  To  have  the  least   possible  care  or  concern 


^To  feel  no  interest,  anxiety,  or  care  respecting  any- 
I       thing.     See  Adjectives. 


Not  care  a  straw  for.      J      for.     See  Consequence-Insignificance 

Not  mind  J  ^*°  £*ve  no  attention  or  heed  to. 

Set  at  naught.  To  regard  as  of  no  value  or  account.  See  Over. 
valuation-Undervaluation. 

Spurn.  To  drive  back  or  away;  treat  with  contempt.  See  Regard- 
Scorn. 

Stand  neuter.     To  take  no  part  on  either  side. 

Take  no  interest.  To  be  unaffected  by  excitement  of  feeling.  See 
Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

Unconcern — Adjectives 
AH  one  to.     Making  no  difference  to. 
Careless.     Indifferent. 
Cold.     Distant,  reserved 
Cool.     Chilling-  apathetic. 
Cool  as  a  cucumber.     Entirely  unaffected  by. 
Devil-may-care.     Let  the  devil  care,  not  I. 
Easy-going.     Reckless;  inactive. 
Frigid.     C(*ld.  wanting  feeling. 
Half-hearted.     Lacking  zeal  or  earnestness 
Impartial.      Not  favoring  one  more  than  another. 
Indifferent.     Feeling  no  interest  anxiety  or  care. 
Insipid.     Wanting  in  spirit,  life,  or  animation.     See  Savor-Tast» 
lessness. 
'  Insouciant.     Heedless 
Lackadaisical.     Indolently  sentimental. 
Listless.     Languid,  spiritless 
Lukewarm.     Neither  for  nor  against. 
Phlegmatic.     Dull;  sluggish. 
Pococurante.     Caring  little. 
Unalluring.     Not  tempting. 
Unambitious.     Not  desirous  of  advancement. 
Unaspiring.     Listless,  unprogressive. 
Unattracted.     Disinterested 
Uncared  for.     Unheeded. 
Unconcerned.     Easy  in  mind,  not  anxious. 
Undesirable.     Not  cared  for. 
Undesired.     Not  wanted. 
Undesiring.     Wishing  little  for. 
Unsolicitous.     Not  anxious  for. 
Unvalued.     Regarding  as  worthless. 
Unwished      Not  desirable. 
Vain.     Worthless,  unimportant. 

Unconcern — Adverb. 
For  aught  one  cares.     Not  caring  at  all. 

Unconcern — Interjection. 
Never  mind  I 


UNCONCERNED. 


1104 


UNDECEIVED. 


OJi"-con-cenied'.    Indifferent.  Sensitiveness-Apathy, 

Unconcern. 
un"-con-coct'-ed.      Not  planned.      Preparation-Non- 

PREPARATION. 

un"-con-demned'.  Not  proved  wrong.  Exculpa- 
tion-Conviction. 

un"-con-di'-tion-al.  Without  limitations;  free.  Con- 
sent, Engagement- Release.  Entirety-Defi- 
ciency, Leave-Prohibition,  Liberty-Subjection. 

un"-con-du'-cing.  Not  helping.  Dominance  -  Impo- 
tence. 

un"-con-du'-cive.  Not  aiding.  Dominance-Impo- 
tence. 

un"-con-duct'-ing  to.  Not  contributing  to.  Domi- 
nance-Impotence. 

un"-con-fined'.     Unrestricted.     Liberty-Subjection. 

un"-con-firmed'.     Unfixed.     Certainty-Doubt. 

un"-con-form'-a-ble.  Inconsistent.  Connection-Inde- 
pendence, Conventionality-Unconventionality, 
Harmony-Discord,  Persistence-Whim. 

un"-con-form'-a-bly.  Inconsistently.  Conventional- 
ity-Unconventionality. 

un"-con-form'-i-ty.  Irregularity.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Harmony- Discord,  Law- 
Lawlessness,  Uniformity-Diversity. 

un"-con-fused'.  Orderly;  not  dark.  Clearness- 
Obscurity,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

un"-con-fu'-ted.  Not  proved  wrong.  Proof-Dis- 
proof, Truth-Error. 

un"-con-gealed'.     Not  made  solid.     Liquid-Gas. 

un"-con-ge'-nial.  Unsympathetic.  Harmony-Dis- 
cord, Healthiness-Un  healthiness. 

un"-con-nect'-ed.  Discontinuous;  illogical.  Connec- 
tion -  Independence,  Continuity  -  Interruption, 
Ratiocination-Instinct. 

un-con'-quer-a-ble.  Unyielding.  Persistence- 

Whim,  Reprisal-Resistance,  Strength- Weak- 
ness; unconquerable  will,  Determination- Vacil- 
lation. 

un-con'-quered.  Not  subdued.  Reprisal- Resist- 
ance. 

un-con"-sci-en'-tious.  Unscrupulous.  Good  Man- 
Bad  Man. 

un-con'-scion-a-ble.  Unjust.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness,  Virtue- Vice. 

un-con'-scious.  Unaware;  not  felt  to  exist.  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Sensitiveness-Apathy,  Voli- 
tion-Obligation. 

un-con'-scious-ness.  Stupor.  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance. 

un"-con-sent'-ing.  Not  agreeing  with.  Assent-Dis- 
sent,  Proffer-Refusal,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

un"-con-sid'-ered.  Unthought  of.  Reflection- 
Vacancy. 

un"-con-sol'-a-ble.  Not  to  be  comforted.  Light- 
he  artedness-Dejection. 

un"-con-sol'-i-da"-ted.  Disunited.  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness. 

un-con'-sc-nant.     Discordant.     Harmony-Discord. 

un"-con-spic'-u-ous.  Not  obvious.  Visibility-In- 
visibility. 

un-con"-sti-tu'-tion-al.  Undue;  illegal.  Dueness- 
Undueness,  Law-Lawlessness. 

un"-con-strained'.  Free;  unabashed.  Conceit-Dif- 
fidence, Liberty-Subjection. 

un"-con-sumed'.  Remaining.  Increment-Rem- 
nant. 

un"-con-test'-ed.     Undisputed.     Certainty-Doubt. 

un-con"-tra-dict'-ed.     Undenied.     Assent-Dissent. 

un-con-trite'.  Not  penitent.  Repentance-Obdu- 
racy.    , 

un-con-trol'-la-ble.  Violent;  excitable.  Excitabil- 
ity-Inexcitability,  Turbulence-Calmness,  Voli- 
tion-Obligation. 


un"-con-trolled'.       Unrestrained.       Excitability  -1n- 

EXCITABILITY,  LlBERTY-SuBJECTION. 

un-con"-tro-vert'-ed.     Undenied.     Assent-Dissent. 

un"-con-ven'-tion-al.  Informal.  Conventionality. 
Unconventionality. 

un"-con-ven"-tion-al'-i-ty.  Informality.  Conven- 
tion ality-Unconventionality. 

un-con'-ver-sant.  Ignorant.  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

un"-con-vert'-ed.  Irreligious;      not     transformed. 

Assent-Dissent,    Godliness-Disbelief. 

un"-con-vinced'.     Not  persuaded.     Assent-Dissent. 

un-cooked'.  Not  prepared  for  food  by  the  action  of 
heat.     Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

un-cop'-ied.  Not  duplicated.  Imitation-Original- 
ity. 

un-cork'.  To  take  out  a  cork.  Release  -  Re- 
straint. 

un-cor-rupt'.     Upright.     Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

un"-cor-rupt'-ed.  Honest.  Unselfishness-Selfish- 
ness, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

un-count'-ed.     Not  reckoned.     Certainty-Doubt. 

un-cour'-te-ous.  Inaffable.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness. 

un-cour'-te-ous-ness.  Impoliteness.  Politeness-Im- 
politeness. 

un-court'-ly.  Inelegant.  Politeness-Impoliteness, 
Taste- Vulgarity. 

un-couth'.  Outlandish.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Purity- 
Crudeness,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

un-cov'-er.  To  denude,  disclose,  or  bow.  Aperture- 
Closure,  Dress-Undress,  Exposure-Hidingplace, 
Politeness-Impoliteness. 

un"-cre-a'-ted.     Not  made.     Entity-Nonentity. 

un-crit'-ic-al.        Not  faultfinding.       Approval-Disap 

PROVAL. 

un-cropped'.     Uncut.     Whole-Part. 

un-crown'.     To  take  off  a  crown.     Commission-Aero- 

GATION. 

unc'-tion.  That  characteristic  of  speech  which  aw:; li- 
ens deep  sympathetic  feeling;  divine  grace.  Divin- 
ity, Excitation,  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Sensi- 
tiveness-Apathy; extreme  unction,  Ceremonial; 
lay  the  flattering  unction  to  one's  soul,  Alleviation- 
Aggravation,  Conceit-Diffidence,  Sanguine- 
ness-Hopelessness. 

unc"-tu-os'-i-ty.     Greasiness.     Pulpiness-Oiliness. 

unc'-tu-ous.  Greasy;  sympathetic.  Adulation-Dis- 
paragement, Godliness-Ungodliness,  Pulpiness- 
Oiliness. 

unc'-tu-eus-ness.  Greasiness;  flattery.  Adulation- 
Flattery,  Friction-Lubrication,  Pulpiness-Oil- 
iness. 

un-culled'.  Not  collected  apart.  Keeping-Relin- 
quishment,  Use-Disuse. 

un-cul'-pa-ble.     Faultless.     Innocence-Guilt. 

un-cul"-ti-va'-ted.  Ignorant;  unprepared.  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

un-curbed'.     Free.     Liberty-Subjection. 

un-curl'.  To  straighten.  Curvation-Rectilinear- 
ity. 

un-cus'-tom-a-ry.      Unusual.      Conventionality-Un- 

CONVENT'ONALITY. 

un-cut'.     Undivided.     Whole-Part. 

un-damped'.     Dry.     Dampness-Dryness. 

un-da'-ted.  Without  date;  waving.  Chronology- 
Anachronism,  Circle- Winding. 

un-daunt'-ed.     Unsubdued.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

un-daz'-zled.     Bewildered.     Sacacity-Incapacity 

un"-de-bauched'.  Honorable.  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty. 

un"-de-ceive\  Inform;  disclose.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Exposure-Hidingplace. 

un"-de-ceived'.     Knowing.     Knowledge-Ignorance. 


UNDECIDED. 


1105 


UNDERVALUING. 


tin"-de-cid'-ed.  Irresolute;  doubtful.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Choice-Absence  of  choice,  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation, Investigation-Answer;  leave 
undecided,  Choice-Neutrality. 

un"-de-ci'-pher-a-ble.  Obscure.  Clearness  -  Ob- 
scurity. 

un-decked'.  Unadorned.  Embellishment  -  Sim- 
plicity. 

un-de"-com-posed'.  Not  separated.  Mixture-Homo- 
geneity. 

un"-de-faced'.     Unimpaired.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

un"-de-fend'-ed.     Unprotected.     Yielding. 

un"-de-filed'.  Chaste;  honorable.  Innocence-Guilt, 
Purity-Impurity,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

un"  de-fi'-na-ble.  Uncertain;  unintelligible.  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Clearness-Obscurity,  Meaning- 
Jargon. 

un"-de-fined'.  Limitless.  Certainty-Doubt,  Visi- 
bility-Invisibility. 

un"-de-formed'.  Not  misshapen.  Beauty  -  Ugli- 
ness. 

un"-de-mol'-ished.     Not  destroyed.     Whole- Part. 

un"-de-mon'-stra-ble.  Incapable  of  positive  proof. 
Faith-Misgiving. 

un"-de-mon'-strat-ed.  Not  proved.  Certainty- 
Doubt. 

un"-de-mon'-stra-tive.  Not  convincing;  inexcitable. 
Excitability-Inexcitability. 

un"-de-ni'-a-ble.     True.     Certainty-Doubt. 

nn-de-plored' .     Unlamented.     Love-Hate. 

un-de-praved' .  Not  corrupt.  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty. 

un-de-prived'.  Not  dispossessed.  Keeping-Relin- 
quishment. 

un'-der.  Less  than;  subordinate.  Deepness-Shal- 
lowness,  Liberty-Subjection,  Supremacy-Sub- 
ordinacy;  range  under,  Admission-Exclusion; 
under  age,  Infancy-Age;  underagent,  Consignee; 
under  breath,  Loudness-Faintness;  under  cover, 
Cover-Lining,  Enlightenment- Secrecy,  Secu- 
rity-Insecurity; under  full  strength,  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness;  under  lock  and  key,  Release- 
Restraint,  Security-Insecurity;  under  one's 
control,  Insubordination-Obedience;  under  one's 
eyes,  Visibility-Invisibility;  under  press  of,  Coer- 
cion; under  protest,  Assent-Dissent,  Coercion, 
Readiness-Reluctance;  under  restraint,  Re- 
lease-Restraint; under  seal,  Evidence-Counter- 
evidence;  under  the  circumstances,  Condition- 
Situation;  under  the  head  of,  Connection-Inde- 
pendence; under  the  mark,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness,  Supremacy-Subordinacy;  under  the  sun, 
Entity- Nonentity,  Universe;  under  way,  Ad- 
vance-Retrogression, Movement-Rest,  Travel- 
ing-Navigation. 

-un"-der-bid'.     To  bid  lower  than.     Exchange. 

un'-der-bred".      Ot  impure  breed.      Taste-Vulgarity. 

un'-der-cloth"-ing.  Clothes  designed  for  underwear. 
Dress-Undress. 

un'-der-cur"-rent.  A  hidden  tendency;  a  current,  as 
of  water  or  air,  below  another  current.  Antago- 
nism-Concurrence, Cause-Effect,  Enlighten- 
ment-Secrecy, River-Wind. 

Hn"-der-es'-ti-mate.  To  undervalue.  Decision-Mis- 
judgment,  Overvaluation-Undervaluation,  Re- 
gard-Scorn. 

un"-der-es"-ti-ma'-tion.  Too  low  a  valuation.  Over- 
valuation-Undervaluation. 

un"-der-foot'.  Low.  Height- Lowness;  tread  under- 
foot, Harshness-Mildness. 

nn"-der-go' .  To  exist  under.  Occurrence-Destiny; 
undergo  a  change,  Conversion-Reversion  ;  undergo 
pain,  Pleasure-Pain,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

un"-der-grad'-u-ate.      A  student  of  a  university  or  col- 
7o 


lege  who  has  not  taken  the  bachelor's  degree.  In- 
structor-Pupil. 

un'-der-ground".  Beneath  the  surface  of  the  ground; 
secret.  Deepness-Shallowness,     Enlighten- 

ment-Secrecy, Height-Lowness,  Manifestation- 

,    Latency. 

un'-der-hand".  Acting  in  a  treacherously  secret  man- 
ner. Craft-Artlessness,  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy, Manifestation-Latency;  underhand  deal- 
ing, Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

un"-der-les-see\     One  who  holds  a  sublease.    Holder. 

un"-der-let'.     To  sublet.     Loan-Borrowing. 

un"-der-lie'.  To  be  answerable  for;  to  lie  below. 
Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Height-Lowness. 

un"-der-line'.  To  underscore.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Sign. 

un'-der-ling.  A  subordinate.  Chief-Underling, 
Gentility-Commonalty. 

un"-der-lin'-ing.     Scoring.     Sign. 

un"-der-mine'.  To  weaken;  a  cave.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Convexity -Concavity,  Craft- 
Artlessness,  Obstruction-Help. 

un-der-mined'.  Weakened.  Betterment-Deterio- 
ration. 

un'-der-most".     Lowest.     Top-Bottom. 

un"-der-neath'.     Below.     Height-Lowness. 

un"-der-paid'.  Insufficiently  paid.  Generosity- 
Frugality. 

un"-der-pin'.  To  support  with  a  prop.  Suspension- 
Support. 

un'-der-plot".     A  trick.     Design. 

un"-der-prop'.  To  put  a  prop  under.  Suspension- 
Support. 

un"-der-rate\  To  rate  too  low.  Overvaluation- 
Undervaluation. 

un"-der-reck'-on.  To  rate  too  low.  Overvaluation- 
Undervaluation. 

un'-der-sec'-re-tar"-y.    An  official.    Chief-Underling. 

un-der-sell'.  To  sell  cheaper  than  another.  Buying- 
Sale. 

un-der-set'.     To  support.     Suspension-Support. 

un-der-sign'.     To  subscribe.      Evidence-Counterevi- 

DENCE. 

un-der-sized'.     Small.     Greatness-Littleness. 

un"-der-stand'.  To  comprehend.  Clearness -Ob- 
scurity, Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Manifestation-Latency,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity;  understand  by,  Interpretation-Mis- 
interpretation, Meaning-Jargon;  understand  one 
another,  Antagonism -Concurrence,  Variance- 
Accord. 

un"-der-stand'-ing.  Comprehension.  Mind  -  Imbe- 
cility, Sagacity-Incapacity;  come  to  an  under- 
standing, Assent-Dissent,  Clearness-Obscurity, 
Contract,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Variance -Ac- 
cord; good  understanding,  Amity-Hostility,  Vari- 
ance-Accord; with  the  understanding,  Modifica- 
tion. 

un"-der- stood'.  Comprehended;  customary.  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Habit-Desuetude. 

un'-der-strap"-per.  An  underling.  Chief-Under- 
ling. 

un"-der-take'.  To  attempt.  Beginning-End,  En- 
gagement-Release, Enterprise,  Occupation. 

un'-der-ta"-ker.  One  who  oversees  funerals.  Life- 
Funeral. 

un"-der-ta'-king.  Task.  Engagement-Release, 
Enterprise,  Occupation,  Purpose-Luck. 

un'-der-tone".  A  subdued  tone.  Loudness-Faint- 
ness. 

un"-der-val'-ue.  Underrate.  Overvaluation- Un- 
dervaluation. 

un"-der-val'-u-ing.  Underrating.  Overvaluation 
Undervaluation. 


UNDERWAISTCOAT 


1106 


UNENTHRALLED. 


un'-der-waist'-coat".     A  garment.     Dress- Undress. 

un'-der-wood".     Coppice.     Fauna-Flora. 

un"-der- write'.  To  insure.  Contract,  Engage- 
ment-Release, Security. 

un'-der-wri"-ter.     An  insurer.     Consignee. 

un"-de-scribed'.  Not  outlined.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionalit'y. 

un"-de-served'.     Unjust.     Dueness-Undueness. 

un"-de-serv'-ing  of  be-lief.     Faith-Misgiving. 

un"-de-signed'.     Chance.     Purpose-Luck. 

un"-de-sign'-ing.     Not  cunning.     Craft- Artlessness. 

un"-de-si-ra-bil'-i-ty.  Impropriety.  Propriety-Im- 
propriety. 

un"-de-si"-ra-ble.  Inexpedient;  painful.  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Propriety- 
Impropriety. 

un"-de-si"-ra-ble-ness.  Impropriety.  Propriety-Im- 
propriety. 

un"-de-sired'.  Not  longed  for.  Desire-Distaste, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

un"-de-si'-rous.  Having  no  desire.  Desire-Dis- 
taste. 

un"-de-spair'-ing.       Hopeful.       Sanguineness-Hope- 

LESSNESS. 

un"-de-stroyed'.  Not  ruined.  Entity- Nonentity, 
Mutation-Permanence,  Whole-Part. 

un"-de-ter"-mi-na'-tion.  Fickleness.  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation. 

un"-de-ter'-mined.  Uncertain.  Certainty -Doubt, 
Clearness  -  Obscurity,  Determination  -Vacilla- 
tion, Investigation-Answer,  Rationale-Luck. 

un''-de-vel'-oped.    Latent.     Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

un-de'-vi-a"-ting.  Direct;  persevering.  Aim- Aberra- 
tion, Curvation- Rectilinearity,  Mutability- 
Stability,  Persistence-Whim. 

an"-de-vout'.     Not  pious.     Godliness-Disbelief. 

un"-di-gest'-ed.  Crude.  Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration. 

an-dig'-ni-fied.  Not  honored.  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty. 

un"-di-min'-ished.  Entire;  not  lessened.  Increase- 
Decrease,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Whole-Part. 

un"-di-rect'-ed.  Erratic.  Aim-Aberration,  Pur- 
pose-Luck.. 

un"-dis-cern'-i-ble.  Imperceptible.  Clearness-Ob- 
scurity, Visibility-Invisibility. 

un"-dis-cern'-ing.  Unobserving.  Heed-Disregard, 
Sagac;ty-Incapacity,  Sight-Blindness. 

un"-dis-dosed' .  Hidden.  Enlightenment-Secrecy, 
Manifestation-Latency. 

un"-dia-cov'-er-a-ble.  Indiscernible.  Clearness-Ob- 
scurity. 

un"-dis-cov'-ered.  Unexposed.  Manifestation-La- 
tency. 

un"-dis-guised\  True;  manifest.  Manifestation- 
Latency,  Truth-Error,  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

un"-dis-mayed'.     Fearless.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

un"-dis-posed'  of.  Kept.  Keeping-Relinquishment, 
Use-Disuse. 

un"-dis-put'-ed.     Undenied.     Certainty-Doubt. 

un"-dis-sem'-bling.  Upright.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

un"-dis-solved'.  Entire;  dense.  Solidity-Rarity, 
-Whole-Part. 

un"-dis-tin'-guish-a-ble.  Inseparable.  Differentia- 
tion-Indiscrimination. 

un"-dis-tin'-guished.  Not  separated.  Differentia- 
tion-Indiscrimination. 

un"-dis-tort'-ed.  Straight.  Curvation-Rectilin- 
earity,  Truth-Error. 

un"-dis-tract'-ed.     Unbewildered.     Heed-Disregard. 

un"-dis-turbed' .  Quiet;  unexcited.  Excitation, 
Hurry-Leisure,  Movement-Rest. 


un"-di-vi'-ded.  Complete.  Entirety  -  Deficiency, 
Whole-Part. 

un-do'.  Destroy;  take  apart.  Action-Passiveness, 
Conversion-Reversion,  Cooperation-Opposition, 
Creation-Destruction,  Union-Disunion. 

un-do'-ing.     Ruin.     Welfare-Misfortune. 

un-done'.  Ruined.  Action-Passiveness,  Pleasure- 
Pain,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness,  Success- Fail- 
ure, Welfare-Misfortune. 

un-doubt'-ed.     Positive.     Certainvy-Doubt. 

un-draped'.     Uncovered.     Dress-Undress. 

un-dread'-ed.     Not  feared.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

un-dreamt'  of.  Unthought  of.  Reflection- Va- 
cancy. 

un-dress'.  Disrobe.  Dress-Undress,  Embellish- 
ment-Simplicity, Preparation-Non  preparation. 

un-dressed'.  Unprepared.  Dress-Undress,  Prepa- 
ration-Nonpreparation. 

un-dried'.     Green;  wet.     Dampness-Dryness. 

un-drilled'.  Not  trained.     Preparation-Nonprepara- 

TION. 

un-droop'-ing.     Persevering.     Persistence-Whim. 

un-due'.     Unnecessary..     Dueness-Undueness. 

un-due'-ness.     Exeessiveness.     Dueness-Undueness. 

tm'-du-late.  To  move  like  a  wave.  Circle-Winding, 
Vibration. 

un"-du-la'-tion.  A  wave.  Circle-Winding,  Vibra- 
tion. 

un'-du-la-to"-ry.  Wavy.   Circle-Winding,Vibration. 

un-du'-te-ous.     Negligent.     Virtue-Vice. 

un-du'-ti-ful.     Disrespectful.     Virtue-Vice. 

un-dy'-ing.  Everlasting.  Discontinuance-Continu- 
ance, Eternity-Instantaneity,  Mutability-Sta- 
bility. 

une  aile,  ne  baltre  que  d'  [F.]  (fin  el,  ne  batr  ke  d').  To 
sleep  at  one's  post.     Activity-Indolence. 

un-earned'.     Not  merited.     Dueness-Undueness. 

tin-earth'.  Disinter;  reveal;  eject.  Admission-Ex- 
pulsion, Discovery,  Investigation-Answer,  Life- 
Funeral. 

un-earth'-ly.  Supernatural.  Divinity,  Godliness- 
Ungodliness,  Heaven-Hell,  Jove-Fiend,  Mate- 
riality-Spirituality. 

un-eas'-i-ness.     Worry.     Pleasure-Pain. 

un-eas'-y.     Disturbed.     Pleasure-Pain. 

un-ed'-i-fy"-ing.  Not  instructive,  especially  with  regard 
to  morals.     Education-Misteaching. 

un"-ed-u-ca'-ted.  Ignorant.  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance, PREPARATION-NONPREP  A  RATION. 

un"-em-bar'-rassed.  Unhindered.  Difficulty-Fa- 
cility, SOCIETY-LUDICROUSNESS. 

un"-em-bod'-ied.  Spiritual.  Materiality-Spiritual- 
ity. 

un"-em-ployed'.  Unused;  inactive.  Action-Passive- 
ness, Use-Disuse. 

un"-en-cum'-bered.  Free.  Difficulty  -  Facility, 
Duty-Immunity. 

un"-en-deared'.     Unb*loved.     Love-Hate.    , 

un-end'-ing.     Everlasting.    Eternity-Instantaneity. 

un"-en-dowed'.  Unequipped.  Might-Impotence; 
unendowed  with  reason,  Mind-Imbecility. 

un"-en-du'-ra-ble.  Intolerable.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness. 

un"-en-joyed'.  Not  enjoyed.  Entertainment 
Weariness. 

un"-en-light'-ened.  Ignorant;  foolish.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

un"-en-slaved'.     Free.     Liberty-Subjection. 

un-en'-ter-pris"-ing.  Not  energetic.  Recklessness- 
Caution. 

un-en"-ter-tain'-ing.    Not  diverting.     Wittiness-Dx  i.- 

NESS. 

un"-en-thralled'.       Unrestrained        Liberti  -  Subtec- 

TION. 


UNENTITLED. 


1107 


UNFORFEITED. 


un"-en-ti'-tled.     Undeserving.     Dueness-Undueness. 

un-en'-vied.  Despised.  Regard-Disrespect,  Re- 
gard-Scorn. 

un-e'-qual.  Not  uniform.  Equality-Inequality, 
Variation;  unequal  to,  Excess-Lack. 

un-e'-qualed.    Surpassing.    Supremacy- Subordinacy. 

un"-e-quipped'.  Unarrayed.  Preparation  -  Non- 
preparation. 

un-eq'-ui-ta-ble.     Unjust.     Right- Wrong. 

un"-e-quiv'-o-cal.  Definite.        Certainty  -  Doubt, 

Clearness-Obscurity,  Magnitude-Smallness. 

ua"-e-quiv'-o-cal-ly.  Definitely.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness. 

un-err'-ing.  Certain;  not  wayward.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Innocence-Guilt,  Truth-Error. 

un"-es-sayed' .     Not  tried.     Use-Disuse. 

un"-es-sen'-tial.  Unnecessary.  Consequence  -  In- 
significance. 

un"-es-tab'-lished.  Unfounded.  Establishment- 
Removal. 

un-e'-ven.  Diverse;  rough.  Equality-Inequality, 
Smoothness-Roughness,  Uniformity-Diversity. 

un-e'-ven-ness.  Inequality.  Equality-Inequality, 
Uniformity-Diversity. 

un"-e-vent'-ful.  Not  momentous.  Consequence- 
Insignificance. 

un"-ex-act'.     Involved.     Truth-Error. 

un"-ex-ag'-ger-a"-ted.     Precise.     Truth-Error. 

un"-ex-am'-ined.  To  inspect  with  care.  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness. 

&n"-ex-am'-pled.  Without  a  parallel.  Convention- 
ale y-Unconventionality. 

un"-ex-cep'-tion-a-ble.  Good;  excellent.  Dueness- 
Undueness,  Faultlessness-  Faultiness,  Inno- 
cence-Guilt. 

un"-ex-ci'-ta-ble.  Not  easily  excited.  Excitability- 
Inexcitability,  Sensitiveness. 

un"-ex-ci'-ted .  Calm.  Emotion-Apathy,  Excitabil- 
ity-In  excitability. 

un"-ex-ci'-ting.  Not  stirring.  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

un-ex'-e-cu"-ted.  Unenforced.  Completion-Non- 
completion. 

un"-ex-empt'.     Liable.     Contingency. 

un-ex'-er-cised.  Undeveloped.  Preparation-Non- 
preparation,  Use-Disuse. 

un"-ex-ert'-ed.     Unused.     Vigor-Inertia. 

un"-ex-haust'-ed.  Not  weakened.  Enough,  Strength- 
Weakness. 

un"-ex-pand'-ed.  Not  spread  out.  Breadth-Nar- 
rowness, Enlargement-Diminution. 

un"-ex-pect'-ed.        Sudden.       Conventionality  -Un- 

CONVENTIONALITY,    EaRLINESS-LaTENESS,    ExPECTA- 

tion-Surprise. 

un"-ex-pect'-ed-ly.  Suddenly.  Expectation  -  Sur- 
prise. 

un"-ex-pen'-sive.     Cheap.     Costliness-Cheapness. 

un"-ex-plain'-a-ble.  Unintelligent.  Clearness-Ob- 
scurity. 

un"-ex-plained'.  Not  elucidated.  Clearness-Ob- 
scurity, Knowledge-Ignorance,  Manifestation- 
Latency. 

un"-ex-plored'.  Unknown;  hidden.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Manifes- 
tation-Latency. 

un"-ex-posed'.     Hidden.     Manifestation-Latency. 

un"-ex-pressed'.     Not  uttered.     Assertion-Denial. 

un"-ex-press'-ive.     Unutterable.     Meaning-Jargon. 

un"-ex-tend'-ed.  Not  enlarged.  Materiality-Spir- 
ituality. 

un-ex-tin'-guished.  Unquenched;      not    destroyed. 

Heat-Cold.  Turbulence-Calmness. 

nn-fa'-ded.  Without  any  change  in  color.  Color- 
Achromatism 


un-fa'-ding.  Unchanging.  Eternity-Instantanb- 
ity. 

un-fail'-ing.     Certain.     Mutation-Permanence. 

un-fair'.  Unjust.  Right-  Wrong,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood,  Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

un-fair'-ness.  Unjustness.  Right-Wrong,  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

un-faith'-ful.     Perfidious.     Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

un-fal'-ter-ing.     Firm.     Persistence-Whim. 

un"-fa-mil'-iar.  Formal.  Conventionality-Uncon- 
ventionality. 

un-fash'-ion-a-ble.  Not  in  accordance  with  fashion, 
Con  ventionality-Unconventionality.Taste-  Vul- 
garity. 

un-fash'-ioned.  Unwrought;  formless.  Form-Form- 
lessness, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

un-fast'-en.     To  loosen.     Union-Disunion. 

un-fath'-om-a-ble.  Infinite;  too  deep  for  measure- 
ment. Clearness-Obscurity,  Deepness-Siiallow- 
ness,    Infinity. 

un-fath'-omed.      Unmeasured.       Deepness-Siiallow- 

NESS. 

un-fa'-vor-a-ble.  Adverse.  Antagonism  -  Concur- 
rence, Obstruction-Help,  Opportuneness-Un- 
suitableness;  unfavorable  chance,  Likelihood- 
Unlikelihood. 

un-feared'.     Undreaded.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

un-fea'-si-ble.  Impracticable.  Possibility-Impos- 
sibility. 

un-fed'.  Not  supplied  with  food.  Excess-Lack, 
Fasting-Gluttony. 

un-feel'-ing.  Heartless.  Feeling-Insensibility, 
Sensitiveness- Apathy. 

un-feigned'.     Real.     Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

un-felt'.     Not  perceived.     Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

un-fem'-i-nine.  Effeminate.  Male-Female,  Taste- 
Vulgarity. 

un-fer'-tile.     Unproductive.     Fertility-Sterility. 

un-fet'-ter.  Free.  Liberty-Subjection,  Release- 
Restraint. 

un-fet'-tered.     Freed.     Liberty-Subjection. 

un-fin'-ished.  Not  done.  Completion-Noncomple- 
tion,  Entirety-Deficiency. 

un-fit'.  Unsuitable.  Dueness-Undueness,  Har- 
mony-Discord, Might-Impotence,  Propriety-Im- 
propriety, Right- Wrong. 

un-fit'-ness.  Unsuitableness.  Harmony-Discord, 
Propriety-Impropriety. 

un-fit'-ted.  Not  ready.  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion. 

un-fit'-ting.     Inappropriate.     Harmony-Discord. 

un-fix'.     Undo.     Union-Disunion. 

un-fixed'.     Changeable.     Mutability-Stability. 

un-flag'-ging.     Resolute.     Persistence-Whim. 

un-flam'-ma-ble.  Capable  of  being  cooled.  Heating- 
Cooling. 

un-flat'-ter-ing.  True.  Craft-Artlessness,  Truth- 
Error. 

un-fledged'.  Immature.  Infant-Veteran,  Prepara- 
tion-Nonpreparation. 

un-flinch'-ing.  Firm.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Deter- 
mination-Vacillation, Persistence-Whim. 

un-fold'.  To  make  known;  to  straighten.  Curvation- 
Rectilinearity,  Exposure-Hidingplace,  Inter- 
pretation-Misinterpretation, Revolution-Evo- 
lution; unfold  a  tale,  Account. 

un-fold'-ing.     Disclosing.     Revolution-Evolution. 

un"-for-bid'.    Allowed.    Leave-Prohibition. 

un"-for-bid'-den.    Unprohibited.    Leave-Prohibition. 

un-forced'.  '  Willing;  free.  Liberty-Subjection, 
Readiness-Reluctance. 

un"-f ore-seen'.    Unexpected.    Expectation-Surprise. 

un-for'-feit-ed.  Not  given  up.  Keeping-Relinquish- 
ment. 


UNFORGIVING. 


1108 


UNHOSTILE. 


un"-for-giv'-ing.       Relentless.       Thankfulness-Vin- 

dictiveness. 
un"-for-got'-ten.    Remembered.     Remembrance-For- 

GETFULNESS. 

un-formed'.    Shapeless.    Form-Formlessness,  Prepa- 

RATION-NONPREPARATION. 

un-for'-ti-fied.  Pure;  powerless.  Might-Impotence, 
Mixture-Homogeneity. 

un-for'-tu-nate.  Unlucky;  unhappy.  Opportune- 
ness-Unsuitableness,  Pleasure-Pain,  Purity- 
Rake,  Success-Failure,  Welfare-Misfortune; 
unfortunate  woman,  Purity-Rake. 

un-found'-ed.     False.     Truthfulness- Fabrication. 

un-fre'-quent.    Rare.    Frequency-Rarity. 

un"-fre-quent'-ed.  Rarely  visited.  Sociability- Pri- 
vacy. 

un-fre'-quent-ly.    Seldom.    Frequency-Rarity. 

un-friend'-ed.  Wanting  friends.  Might-Impotence, 
Sociability-Privacy. 

un-friend'-li-ness.  Unfavorableness.  Amity-Hostil- 
ity. 

un-friend'-ly.  Hostile.  Amity- Hostility,  Antago- 
nism -  Concurrence,  Charitableness  -  Malevo- 
lence. 

un-frock'.  To  deprive  of  a  privilege.  Commission-Ab- 
rogation, EXCULPATION-PUNITION. 

un-fro'-zen.     Warm.    Heat-Cold. 

un-fruit'-ful.    Barren.    Fertility-Sterility. 

un-fruit'-ful-ness.  Barrenness.  Usefulness-Useless- 
ness. 

un"-ful-filled'.  Not  performed.  Dueness-Undueness, 
Observance-Nonobservance. 

un-furl'.  To  unfold.  Revolution-Evolution;  unfurl 
a  flag,  Manifestation-Latency,  Sign. 

un-fur'-nished.  Divested.  Excess-Lack,  Prepara- 
tion-Non  preparation. 

un-gain'-ly.    Uncouth.  Beauty-Ugliness,  Politeness- 

ImPOLITENESS. 

un-gal'-lant.  Uncourteous.  Politeness- Impolite- 
ness. 

un-ga;r'-nished.  Undecked.  Embellishment -Sim- 
plicity. 

un-gath'-ered.    Uncollected.    Use-Disuse. 

un-gen'-er-ous.  Selfish.  Extravagance -Avarice, 
Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

un-gen'-er-ous-ly.  Selfishly.  Unselfishness-Selfish- 
ness. 

un-ge'-ni-al.    Morose.    Healthiness-Unhealthiness. 

un"-gen-teel' .    Boorish.    Politeness-Impoliteness. 

un-gen'-tle.  Violent;  rude.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness, Turbulence-Calmness. 

un-gen'-tle-man-like".  Uncourteous.  Politeness-Im- 
politeness, Taste-Vulgarity,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

un-gen'-tle-man-ly.  Uncourteous.  Politeness-Impo- 
liteness, Taste- Vulgarity,  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty. 

un-gift'-ed.  Being  without  native  gifts.  Sagacity-In- 
capacity. 

un-glor'-i-fied.     Unhonored.     Reputation-Discredit. 

un-glue'.  To  open;  to  separate.  Cohesion-Loose- 
ness. 

un-god'-li-ness.    Impiety.    Godliness-Disbelief. 

un-god'-ly.    Wicked.    Godliness-Disbelief. 

un-gov'-ern-a-ble.  Wild.  Excitability-  Inexcita- 
bility,  Insubordination-Obedience,  Turbulence- 
Calmness,    Tyranny-Anarchy. 

un-gov'-erned.    Unrestricted.    Liberty-Subjection. 

un-grace'-ful.  Clumsy;  awkward.  Beauty-Ugliness. 
Purity-Crudeness,  Taste- Vulgarity. 

un-gra'-cious.  Uncivil;  unfriendly.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

un"-gram-mat'-ic-al.  Based  on  the  principles  of  gram- 
mar.   Grammar-Solecism. 


un-grant'-ed.    Refused.    Proffer-Refusal. 
un-grate'  ful.    Thankless.  Thankfulness-Thankless 

NESS. 

un-grat'-i-fied.  Unpleased.  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment. 

un-ground'-ed.  Unfounded.  Substance-Nullity, 
Truth-Error. 

un-grudg'-ing.    Liberal.    Generosity-Frugality. 

un-guard'-ed.       Neglected;     spontaneous.      Careful- 
ness-Carelessness,    Predetermination-Impulse, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation;     in  an  unguarded 
moment,     Carefulness-Carelessness,     Expecta 
tion-Surprise. 

unguent,  ad  [L.]  (un-gwem,  ad).  Exactly.  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness,  Truth-Error. 

un'-guent.    An  ointment.    Pulpiness-Oil. 

unguibus  et  rostro  [L  ]  (un'-gwi-bus  et  ros'-tro) .  With 
claws  and  beak,  tooth  and  nail,  hammer  and  tongs. 
Toil- Relaxation. 

un-guid'-ed.  Wandering.  Knowledge- Ignorance, 
Predetermination -Impulse,  Skill-  Unskilful- 
ness. 

un-guilt'-y.     Innocent.     Innocence-Guilt. 

un-hab'-it-a-ble.  Not  suitable  to  be  dwelt  in.  Pres- 
ence-Absence. 

un"-ha-bit'-u-a"-ted.  Unaccustomed.  Habit-Desue- 
tude. 

un-hack'-neyed.    New.    Habit-Desuetude. 

un-hal '-lowed.  Impious.  Godliness-Disbelief,  God- 
liness-Ungodliness. 

un-hand'.    To  release.    Release-Restraint. 

un-hand'-seled.    Untilled.    Novelty-Antiquity. 

un-hand'-some.  Unbecoming.  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty. 

un-hand'-y.    Clumsy.    Skill-Unskilfulness. 

un-hap'-pi-ness.    Sadness.    Pleasure-Pain. 

un-hap'-py.  Sad.  Lightheartedness  -Dejection, 
Pleasure-Pain,  Welfare-Misfortune;  make  un- 
happy, Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

un-har'-bored.  Without  shelter.  Establishment- 
Removal. 

un-har'-dened.  Tender;  innocent;  penitent.  Compas- 
sion-Ruthlessness,  Innocence-Guilt,  Repent- 
ance-Obduracy. 

un"-har-mo'-ni-ous.  Unmusical.  Harmony-Discord, 
Melody-Dissonance. 

un-har'-ness.    Liberate.    Release-Restraint. 

un-hatched'.  Not  formed.  Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration. 

un-haz'-ard-ed.   Unattempted.    Security-Insecurity. 

un-health'-i-ness.    Sickness.    Health-Sickness. 

un-health'-y.  Unsound.  Health-Sickness,  Healthi- 
ness-Unhealthiness, Life-Killing. 

un-heard'  of .  Improbable;  wonderful.  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Conventionality-Unconventional- 
ity,  Expectation-Surprise,  Knowledge -Igno- 
rance, Likelihood-Unlikelihood. 

un-heed'.    Inattention.     Carefulness-Carelessness. 

un-heed'-ed.    Neglected.  Carefulness-Carelessness. 

un-heed'-ing.    Neglecting.    Heed-Disregard. 

un-hes'-i-ta  -ting.  Not  vacillating.  Determination- 
Vacillation,  Faith-Misgiving. 

un-hewn'.  Unfashioned.  Form-Formlessness,  Prep- 
aration-Nonpreparation. 

un-hin'-dered.    Free.    Liberty-Subjection. 

un-hinge'.  Derange.  Might-Impotence,  Organiza- 
tion-Disorganization. 

un-hinged'.  Deranged;  deprived  of  support.  Might- 
Impotence,  Saneness-Lunacy,  Success-Failure. 

un-ho'ly.    Sinful.    Godliness-Disbelief. 

un-hon'-ored.    Unesteemed.    Reputation-Discredit. 

un-hoped'.    Unexpected.    Expectation-Surprise. 

un-horsed'.     Unseated.     Success-Failure. 

un-hos'-tile.    Friendly.    Amity-Hostility. 


UNHOUSE. 


1109 


UNIFORMITY— MULTIFORMITY. 


un-house'.  To  take  from  under  cover.  Admission-Ex- 
pulsion. 

un-housed'.  Taken  from  under  cover.  Establish- 
ment-Removal. 

un-hurt'.    Unharmed.    Conservation. 

u'-ni-corn.  A  fabulous  animal  having  the  head  and 
body  of  a  horse  with  a  single  straight  horn  on  the 
forehead.  Conventionality  -  Unconventionality, 
Conveyance-Vessel. 

un"-i-de'-al.  Real;  not  existing  in  thought.  Entity- 
Nonentity,  Reflection-Vacancy,  Truth-Error. 


u"-ni-fi-ca'-tion.  Act  of  uniting.  Composition-Reso- 
lution, Solitude-Company. 

u'-ni-form.  Regular;  harmonious.  Dress-Undress, 
Mixture-Homogeneity,  Proportion-Deformity, 
Regularity-Irregularity,  Sign,  Uniformity-Di- 
versity, Uniformity-Multiformity. 

u'-ni-form"-i-ty.  Regularity.  Form-Formlessness, 
Harmony-Discord,  Likeness-Unlikeness,  Regu- 
larity-Irregularity, Uniformity-Diversity. Uni- 
formity-Multiformity. 


UNIFORMITY— DIVERSITY 


Accordance.     Considerable  resemblance. 
Agreement.     Entire  sameness.     See  Harmony. 

Conformity.     Correspondence  in  form    manner,  or  use      See  Con- 
ventionality. 

ConnaturalnJss   1  The  state  of  being  the  same  by  nature- 
Consistency.     Uniformity  of  things  or  statements. 
Constancy.     Uniformity  of  affections. 
Even  tenor.     Uniform  run,  as  of  conduct. 

„  f  Uniformity  of  material  or  structure. 

Homogeneousness  J 

Homology      The  state  of  being  similar  in  structure  and  properties. 

Monotony.     Tiresome  uniformity. 

Regularity      Uniformity  according  to  rule. 

Routine      A  uniform  method  of  procedure. 

Uniformity.     The  state  of  being  the  same  in  characteristic  qualities. 

Uniformity — Verbs. 
Accord  with.     To  have  similar  feelings.     See  Harmony. 
Assimilate.     To  transform  to  uniformity  in  matter  or  structure. 
Become  uniform.     To  grow  uniform. 
Be  uniform.     To  be  of  the  same  form. 

Conform  to.     To  act  in  uniformity  with.     See  Conventionality. 
Dress.     To  adjust  to  a  uniform  line. 
Level.     To  bring  to  a  common  state. 
Render  uniform.     To  make  to  agree. 
Run  through.     To  pervade  with  uniformity. 
Smooth.     To  give  a  uniform  evenness  to. 

Uniformity — Adjectives. 
Connatural.     Having  a  uniform  nature. 
Consistent.     Characterized  by  harmony  between  things  or  state* 

ments      * 
Even.     Free  from  great  roughness. 
Homogeneous.     Composed  of  uniform  material. 
Homologous.     Composed  of  similar  material. 
Invariable.     Absolutely  uniform  in  occurrence. 
Monotonous.     Uniform  in  a  tiresome  manner. 
Of  a  piece.     Ot  the  same  sort. 
Uniform.     Having  always  the  same  form,  manner,  or  character. 


Diversity.     A  striking  and  essential  difference 

Irregularity.     A  departure  from  uniformity  in  violation  of  all  rules. 

Multiformity.  The  state  of  having  many  forms  See  Uniformity- 
Multiformity. 

Roughness.  The  state  of  being  uneven.  See  Smoothness-Rough- 
ness. 

Unconformity.     Difference  in  form  or  manner. 

Unevenness.     The  state  of  being  not  uniformly  plane. 

Diversity — Adjectives. 
All  kinds  of.  '    -| 

All  manners  of.  >  Widely  differing  examples  of. 
All  sorts  of  ) 

Diversified.     Differing  essentially. 
Irregular.     Departing  from  the  usual  or  proper  form. 
Of  various  kinds.     Of  many  different  shapes,  forms,  styles,  etc. 
Rough.     Characterized  by  a  lack  of  uniformity  in  surface. 
Uneven.     Not  uniformly  plane. 
Varied.     Not  uniform  in  all  its  parts. 

Diversity — Adverb*,  etc. 
Here,  there,  and  everywhere.     In  various  parts,  widely  separated. 
In  all  manner  of  ways.     Variously. 


UNIFORMITY— Continued 
Uniformity — Adverbs,  etc 
Always.     Constantly  during  a  certain  period,  uniformly. 
By  clockwork.     In  a  mechanically  uniform  manner. 
In  harmony.     In  uniform  accord 
Invariably.     Uniformly  without  exception. 
Never  otherwise.     Uniformly  the  same. 
Uniformity.     Without  variation  or  diversity 

Uniformly  with.     In  a  manner  having  the  same  general  characteris- 
tics as  something  else. 
Without  exception.     In  an  absolutely  uniform  manner. 

Uniformity — Phrase. 
Ab  uno  disce  otnnes  [L.].     From  one  learn  all 


UNIFORMITY— MULTIFORMITY. 


Clockwork  precision.     Exact  uniformity  of  action. 

Conformity.      Correspondence  in  form,  manner  or  character.     See 

Conventionality. 
Constancy.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  constant  or  steadfast. 
Formula.     A  fixed  or  conventional  method  in  which  anything  is  to 

be  done,  arranged,  or  said. 
Key-note.     The  fundamental  tone  of  the  chord,  to  which  all  the 

modulations  of  the  piece  are  referred. 
Model.     That  by  which  a  thing  is  to  be  measured ;  standard. 

Mo  e  con  l   on.  r  ^  condition  or  state  after  a  model  or  pattern. 
Model  state.         >  * 

Natural  condition.)   .  ,  ,. 

Natural  state  J      form  or  state  according  to  nature. 

Nature.     Conformity  to  that  which  is  natural. 

Normal  condition.)  Accordance  with  an  established  norm,  rule,  or 

Normal  state.         J       principle. 

Order  of  things.     Customary  mode  of  procedure. 

Ordinary  suite!11011"}  Accordance  with  customary  or  usual  i 
Precedent.     An  authoritative  example.     See  Copy-Model. 
Principle.     A  settled  rule  of  action  by  .which  all  action  is  regulated. 
Punctuality.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  punctual.     See  Truth. 
Regularity.     The  condition  or  quality  of  being  regular 
Routine.     Any  regular  course  of  action  or  procedure  rigidly  adhered 
to  by  mere  force  of  habit.     See  Habit. 


Irule. 


Diversity.     Multiplicity  of  difference;  a  stateof  difference. 
Multifariousness.     Multiplied  diversity      See  Adjectives. 
Multiformity.     Diversity  of  forms;  variety  of  appearances  in  same 

thing. 
Omniformity.     The  condition  or  quality  of  having  every  form. 
Variety.     Intermixture  or  succession  of  different  things. 

Multiformity — Adjectives. 

All  manner  of.     Every  sort  of. 

And  what  not.     Having  very  many  different  things. 

De  omnibus  rebus  et  quibusdam  aliis  [L.J.      Concerningall  things  and 

certain  things  beside. 
Desultory.     Jumping  or  passing  from  one  thing  to  another  without 

order  or  rational  connection. 
Different.     Of  various  or  contrary  nature,  form,  or  quality. 
Divers.     Different  in  kind  or  species. 
Diversified.     Distinguished  by  various  forms. 
Epicene.     Common  to  both  sexes. 
Et  hoc  genus  omne  fL.l     And  everything  of  the  sort. 
Heterogeneous      Differing  in  kind ;  having  unlike  qualities. 
Indiscriminate.     Not  making  any  distinction. 
Irregular.     Not  conforming  to  a  law,  method,  or  usage,  recognized 

as  the  general  rule. 
Manifold .     Various  in  kind  or  quality. 


UNIFORMITY. 


1110 


UNION. 


UNIFORMITY— MULTIFORMITY— Continued. 


Rule.     To  establish  or  settle  by,  or  as  by,  a  rule      See  Precept. 
Standard.     That  which  is  established  as  a  rule  or  model. 
Standing  order.     An  order  or  regulation  requiring  conformity  to. 
Uniformity.     Conformity  to  a  pattern  or  rule. 

Un  i  po  R  m  i  t  Y — Denotations. 

Law.     A  rule  ot  being  or  of  conduct,  established  by  an  authority 

able  to  enforce  its  will. 
Law  of  the  Medes  and  Persians.     A  strict,  unchangeable  law. 
Procrustean  law.     Production  of  conformity  by  violent  means. 
Standing  dish.     A  dish  of  food  served  very  frequently. 

Uniformity — Adjectives. 

According  to  rule.     Uniformly.     See  Conventionality. 
Constant.     Remaining  unchanged,  or  invariable. 
Customary.     Established  by  common  usage.     See  Hab;t. 
Regular.     Conformed  to  a  rule. 


MULTIFORMITY  —Adjectives— Continued. 

Many-sided.     Versatile;  having  an  aptitude  for  many  unlike  pu» 

suits. 
Mosaic.     Composed  of  various  materials. 
Motley.     Heterogeneously  made  or  mixed  up. 
Multifarious.     Made  up  of  many  differing  parts. 
Multifold.     Many  times  doubled;  manifold'  numerous. 
Multiform.     Having  many  forms,  shapes,  of  appearances 
Multigenerous.     Having  many  kinds. 

Of  all  sorts  and  kinds.  1  Q[  a„  knQWn  fo  sh  g     ,      ^ 

Of  every  description.  ) 

Omnifarious.     Of  all  varieties,  forms,  or  kinds. 
Omniform.     Having  every  form  or  shape. 
Omnigruous.     Consisting  of  all  kinds. 
Variform.     Having  different  shapes  or  forms. 


UNIFORMITY— Adjectives—  Continued 
Steady.     Regular,  constant;  uniform. 
Uniform.     Having  always  the  same  form,  manner,  or  degree 


u"-ni-form'-ly.    Evenly.    Uniformity-Diversity. 

un"-il-lu'-min-a"-ted.    Dark.    Light-Darkness. 

un"-im-ag'-in-a-ble.  Wonderful.  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance, Likelihood-Unlikelihood,  Possibil- 
ity-Impossibility. 

un"-im-ag'-in-a-tive.     Not  creative.    Wittiness-Dul- 

NESS. 

un"-im-ag'-ined.  Unthought.  Entity-Nonentity. 
Truth-Error. 

un"-im-i-ta'-ted.    Uncopied.    Imitation-Originality. 

un"-im-paired'.    Uninjured.    Conservation. 

un"-im-pas'-sioned.  Not  fervent.  Excitability-Inex- 
citability. 

un"-im-peach'-a-ble.  Certain;  trustworthy.  Appro- 
val-Disapproval, Certainty-Doubt,  Dueness-Un- 
dueness,  Innocence-Guilt,  Truth-Error. 

un"-im-peached'.  Trusted.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Innocence-Guilt. 

un"-im-por'-tance.  Meanness.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance. 

un/'-im-por'-tant.  Trifling.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Supremacy-Subo'dinacy. 

un"-im-pressed'.  Uninfluenced.  Jubilation-Lamen- 
tation. 

un"-im-press'-i-ble.  Unsusceptible.  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

un"-im-pres'-sion-a-ble.  Unsusceptible.  Sensitive- 
ness-Apathy. 

un"-im-proved'.  Not  made  better.  Betterment-De- 
terioration. 

un"-in-creased'.  Not  multiplied.  Increase -De- 
crease. 

un"-in-cum'-bered.  Unhindered.  Difficulty-Facil- 
ity, Duty-Immunity. 

un"-in-duced'.    Uninfluenced.    Motive-Caprice. 

un"-in-fect'-ed.  Uncorrupted.  Cleanness  -Filthi- 
ness. 

un''-in-fec'-tious.  Not  contagious.  Healthiness-Un- 
healthiness. 

un"-in-flam'-ma-ble.     Not  readily  ignited.     Heating- 

|    Cooling. 

,un-in'-flu-enced.  Unswayed;  obstinate.  Bigotry- 
Apostasy. 

un-in"-flu-en'-tial.  Without  influence;  inactive.  Dom- 
inance-Impotence, Vigor-Inertia. 

un"-in-formed'.    Untaught.    Knowledge-Ignorance. 

un"-in-ge'-nious.  Not  skilful  in  contriving.  Truth- 
fulness-Falsehood. 

un"-in-hab'-it.  To  go  away  from  home.  Presence- 
Absence,  Sociability-Privacy. 

un"-in-hab'-it-a-ble.  Unfit  to  live  in.  Presence-Ab- 
sence, Sociability-Privacy. 


un"-in-hab'-it-ed.  Vacant.  Presence-Absence,  So- 
ciability-Privacy. 

un"-in-i'-ti-a"-ted.  Uninstructed.  Knowledge-Igno- 
rance,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

un-in'-jured.  Perfect;  healthy.  Conservation, 
Faultlessness-Faultiness,  Health-Sickness. 

un"-in-ju'-ri-ous.  Not  hurtful.  Healthiness-Un- 
healthiness. 

un"-in-quis'-i-tive.     Indifferent.     Inquisitiveness-In- 

DIFFERENCE. 

un"-in-spired'.  Unanimated.  Sensitiveness- Apa- 
thy. 

un"-in-struct'-ed.  Unlearned.  Knowledge -Igno- 
rance. 

un'-in'-tel-lec'-tu-al.  Unintelligent.  Reflection- Va- 
cancy, Sagacity-Incapacity. 

un"-in-tel'-li-gent.  Unreasoning.  Sagacity  -  Inca- 
pacity. 

un"-in-tel"-li-gi-bil'-i-ty.  Ignorance.  Clearness-Ob- 
scurity, Tidings-Mystery. 

un"-in-tel'-li-gi-ble.  Not  capable  of  being  understood. 
Clearness  -  Obscurity,  Perspicuity  -  Obscurity; 
render  unintelligible,  Education-Misteaching,  Tid- 
ings-Mystery. 

un"-in-tend'-ed.    Accidental.    Purpose-Luck. 

un"-in-ten'-tion-al.  Accidental.  Purpose-Luck,  Ra- 
tionale-Luck, Volition-Obligation. 

un"-in-ten'-tion-al-ly.    Accidentally.    Purpose-Luck. 

un-in'-ter-est-ed.  Unattracted.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

un-in'-ter-est-ing.    Dull.    Wittiness-Dulness. 

un'-in'-ter-mit'-ting.  Continuing;  persistent.  Con- 
tinuity-Interruption, Discontinuance-Continu- 
ance, Lastingness-Transientness,  Persistence- 
Whim. 

tin'-in"-ter-rupt'-ed.  Continuous;  unremitting.  Con- 
tinuity-Interruption, Discontinuance-Continu- 
ance, Eternity-Instantaneity. 

un-in'-tro-duced".  Unacquainted  with.  Sociability 
Privacy. 

un"-in-ured'.    Unaccustomed.    Habit-Desuetude. 

un"-in-vent'-ed.     Hidden.     Enlightenmfnt-Secrecy. 

un"-in-ves'-ti-ga"-ted.  Not  inquired  into.  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance. 

un"-in-vi'-ted.    Unasked.    Sociability-Privacy 

un"-in-vi'-ting.  Unalluring.  Pleasura3lenes3 
Painfulness. 

un'-ion.  Coalescence;  league;  state  of  wedlock.  An- 
tagonism-Concurrence, Association,  Composi- 
tion-Resolution, Cooperation-Opposition,  Har- 
mony-Discord. Labor-Capital,  Matrimony-Celi 
bacy,  Uk'on-Disunion,  Variance-Accord 


UNION. 


1111 


UNION— DISUNION. 


UNION— DISUNION. 


Accouplement.     The  act  of  coupling  or  uniting. 

Alligation.     The  act  of  tying  together  or  attaching  by  some  bond. 

Anastomosis.     Union  or  connection,  as  of  arteries  or  veins. 

Annexion     '/  ^e  Process  °^  attaching,  adding,  or  appending. 

Annexment.     The  act  of  annexing. 

Articulation.     The  act  of  putting  together  with  a  joint  or  joints. 

Assemblage.     State  of  being  assembled.     See  Gathering. 

Astriction.     Act  of  joining  together. 

Attachment.     Act  or  state  of  attaching. 

Combination.     Junction  to  produce  a  whole 

Commissure.     A  joint,  seam,  or  closure. 

Communication.     Connection. 

Compagination.     Act  of  joining  together. 

Concatenation.     A  joining  together  like  a  chain. 

Confluence.     The  meeting  or  junction  of  two  or  more  streams. 

Conjugation.     The  act  of  uniting  or  combining. 

Conjunction.     State  of  being  joined  together. 

Connection.     The  act  of  joining  or  fastening  together. 

Hinge.     A  joint  by  which  two  parts  of  anything  are  connected  to 

permit  turning  on  one  another. 
Infibulation.     Act  of  fastening,  as  with  a  buckle  or  string. 
Inosculation.     Union  by  continuity;  the  junction  or  connection  of 

vessels,  or  passages,  so  that  their  contents  pass  from  one  to  the 

other. 
Joinder.     The  joining  or  uniting  of  things  together. 
Joining.     A  bringing  together. 

Joint.     A  joining  of  two  parts  so  as  to  admit  of  motion. 
Jointure.     A  joining;  a  joint. 
Ligation.     The  tying  or  binding  together. 
Link.     A  part  of  a  connected  series. 
Marriage.     Union  in  wedlock. 
Meeting.     A  coming  together. 

Miter.     A  junction  effected  by  two  beveled  ends  or  edges. 
Mortise.     A  union  of  two  pieces  of  timber. 
Pivot.     A  union  of  two  things  which  admits  of  free  motion  of  one 

upon  another. 
Reunion.     Coming  together  again. 
Seam.     A  joining  of  pieces  of  cloth  by  sewing. 
Stitch.     A  joining  by  sewing. 

Suture.     The  uniting  of  the  parts  of  a  wound  by  stitching. 
Symphysis.     The  union  or  coalescence  of  bones. 
Union.     The  act  of  uniting  or  joining  two  or  more  things  into  one. 
Vincture.     A  binding. 

Union — Nouns  of  Quality. 

Closeness.     State  or  quality  of  being  closely  joined. 
Coherence.     State  or  quality  of  cohering. 
Tightness.     State  or  quality  of  being  tightly  joined. 

Union — Verbs. 
Accouple.     To  join;  couple. 
Affix.     To  join  to  something. 
Associate.     To  join  together. 
Attach.     To  unite  to  something. 
Bandage.     To  fasten  with  a  bandage. 
Be  joined.     To  be  fastened  together. 
Belay.     To  fasten,  as  with  a  rope. 
Bind.     To  fasten  together. 
Bind  together.     To  fasten,  as  with  a  bandage. 
Bind  up.     To  fasten  or  tie,  as  with  a  bandage. 
Bolt.     To  fasten  with  a  bolt. 
Brace.     To  strengthen  with  a  brace. 
Bracket.     To  join  with  a  brace. 
Braid.     To  bind  with  a  braid. 
Bridge  over.     To  join  with  a  bridge. 
Buckle.     To  fasten  with  a  buckle. 
Button.     To  fasten  with  a  button. 
Chain.     To  fasten  with  a  chain. 
Clamp.     To  join,  as  with  a  clamp. 
Clap  together." 
Clap  up. 

Clasp.     To  hold  in  encircling  grasp. 
Clinch.     To  secure;  grapple. 
Cohere.     To  hold  together.     See  Cohesion. 
Conjoin.     To  join  together. 
Connect.     To  join:  u^ite;  combine. 
Couple.     To  join  together  in  a  pair. 
Dovetail.     To  join  by  interlacing. 
Embody.     To  collect  in  a  whole. 
Enchase.     To  incase  as  a  jewel. 
Enlink.     To  link  together. 
Entangle.     To  tangle  together. 


■  To  fasten. 


Abjunction.     Separation  by  means  of  joints. 

Abruption.     A  sudden  break. 

Abscission.     State  of  being  removed. 

Abstractedness.     State  of  being  separated  or  disconnected. 

Abstraction.     Act  of  abstracting,  separating,  or  withdrawing. 

Apportionment.     A  proportionate  division. 

Avulsion.     Forcible  separation. 

Breach.     A  gap  or  opening  made  by  breaking. 

Break.     An  opening;  breach. 

Ccssura  [L.].     A  break  in  the  middle  of  afoot  of  poetry. 

Cleavage.     Act  of  cleaving  or  splitting. 

Compartition.     A  division  of  parts. 

Crack.     A  partial  separation  of  parts. 

Decomposition.  The  act  or  process  of  resolving  a  compound  body 
into  its  elementary  parts. 

Detachment.     Act  of  detaching. 

Diduction.  Separation  made  by  withdrawal  of  one  part  from 
another. 

Dilaceration.     Act  of  tearing  apart. 

Diremption.     A  forcible  separation. 

Disassociation.     Severance  from  association. 

Discerption.     A  tearing  to  pieces. 

Disconnection.     Disassociation ;  separation. 

Discontinuity.     Disunion  of  parts. 

Disengagement.     State  of  being  disengaged;  at  liberty. 

Disintegration.     Act  of  breaking  into  pieces. 

Disjecta  membra  [L.].     Disunited  limbs. 

Disjunction.     Process  of  disjoining. 

Dislocation.     Act  of  displacing. 

Dismemberment.     Act  of  separating  limb  from  limb. 

Dispersion.     Act  of  dispersing,  or  scattering  the  parts  of. 

Disruption.     Act  of  breaking  apart. 

Dissection.  The  act  of  dividing  for  the  purpose  of  critical  examina- 
tion. 

Disseverance.     Separation. 

Disunion.     State  of  being  disunited. 

Disunity.     Severance;  separation. 

Division.     Act  of  dividing. 

Divorce.     A  legal  dissolution  of  the  marriage  contract. 

Divulsion.     Act  of  pulling  apart. 

Elision.     The  cutting  off  of  a  vowel  for  the  sake  of  meter  or  euphony. 

Fissure      A  narrow  opening  made  by  the  parting  of  any  substance. 

Fracture.     Act  of  breaking. 

Incision.     The  act  of  cutting  into  a  substance. 

Inconnection.     Disconnection. 

Insulation.     Detachment  from  other  objects. 

Isolation.     The  act  of  placing  by  itself  or  alone. 

Laceration.     Act  of  tearing  apart  raggedly  ;  mangling. 

Luxation.     A  disconnection  at  a  joint. 

Oasis.     A  fertile  spot  in  a  desert. 

Off-cut.      A  surplus  margin  cut  from  paper. 

Parting.     The  act  of  dividing  or  separating. 

Rescission.     The  act  of  annulling  or  making  void. 

Resection.     Act  of  cutting  off. 

Rupture.     State  of  being  burst ;  act  of  rupturing. 

Scission.     Act  of  cutting. 

Section.     A  separation  ;  division. 

Segregation.     Separation  from  others. 

Sejunction.     The  act  of  disjoining. 

Separateness.     State  of  being  separate. 

Separation.     The  act  of  parting  or  dividing  in  any  manner. 

Seposition.     The  act  of  setting  aside. 

Severalty.     A  state  of  separation  from  the  rest,  or  from  all  othera. 

Severance.     The  act  of  dividing. 

Slit.     A  long,  narrow  opening. 

Split.     A  breach  or  separation. 

Subdivision.     The  act  of  separating  a  part  into  smaller  parts. 

Disunion — Denotations. 

Anatomy.  The  art  of  separating  the  different  parts  of  an  organized 
body  to  discover  their  situation,  structure,  and  economy. 

Cutting  instrument.  An  instrument  for  cutting  or  separating  into 
parts. 

Oasis.     A  fertile  spot  in  a  desert. 

Outlier.     One  who  resides  in  a  different  place  from  his  business. 

Disunion — Verbs. 

Abscind.     To  cut  off. 

Anatomize.     To  cut  apart  for  anatomical  examination ;  dissect. 

Apportion.     To  divide  proportionally. 

Be  disjoined .     To  be  apart. 

Break.     To  separate  into  parts. 

Break  up.     To  fall  to  pieces. 


UNION. 


1112 


UNION— DISUNION. 


U  NIO  N— DI SU  N I O  N— Continued 


UNION—  Verbs— Continutd. 


DISUNION— Verbs— Continutd 


Entwine.     To  twine  round. 

Fasten.     To  make  fast. 

Fetter.     To  fasten  with  fetters. 

Fix.     To  fasten  firmly. 

Fix  together.     To  join. 

Fuse  together.     To  join,  as  by  melting. 

Gird.     To  bind  around ;  to  encircle. 

Graft.     To  incorporate;  unite  completely. 

G  rapple .     To  hold  together  with  a  hook. 

Hang  together.}  Tobe.o.ned 

Harness.     To  put  harness  on. 

Hasp.     To  fasten  with  a  hasp. 

Hinge.     To  attach  by  hinges. 

Hitch.     To  fasten;  to  become  entangled. 

Hold  together.     To  be  united. 

Hook.     To  fasten  with  a  hook. 

Impact.     To  press  closely  together. 

Ingraft.     To  graft  in;  to  incorporate. 

Inosculate.     To  unite  by  continuity. 

Interlace.     To  join  by  twisting  together. 

Interlink.     To  join  by  uniting  links. 

Interlock.     To  join,  as  by  a  lock. 

Intertwine.     To  wind  about. 

Intertwist.     To  twist  up  with. 

Interweave.     To  mingle  together,  as  by  weaving. 

Intwine.     To  twine  or  twist  together. 

Jam.     To  press  together. 

Join.     To  bind  together. 

Knit.     To  join  closely. 

Lace.     To  fasten  with  cords. 

Lash.     To  tie  with  lashing. 

Latch.     To  fasten  with  a  latch. 

Lay  together.     To  place  side  by  side. 

Lay  up.     To  put  away  for  future  use. 

Leash.     To  bind  with  a  leash. 

Link.     To  join  by  links. 

Lock.     To  fasten  with  a  lock;  to  hold  securely. 

Lump  together.     To  gather  in  one  mass. 

Make  fast.     To  fasten  securely.     See  Adjectives. 

Marry.     To  join  by  wedlock.     See  sub  Wed. 

Miter.     To  unite  with  a  miter  joint. 

Moor.     To  secure;  to  fasten,  as  a  ship. 

Mortise.     To  join  together  with  a  mortise  and  tenon. 

Nail.  '  To  fasten  with  a  nail. 

Picket.     To  enclose  within  a  fence. 

Piece  together.     To  fasten  by  joining  pieces. 

Piece  up.     To  join  the  pieces  or  parts  of  anything. 

Pin.     To  fasten  with  a  pin. 

Pinion.     To  bind  or  confine  the  wings  of. 

Put  together.     To  unite. 

Rabbet.     To  unite  in  a  close  joint. 

Reembody.     To  reunite  in  one  whole. 

Rivet.     To  fasten  with  rivets. 

Roll  into  one.     To  unite  in  a  whole. 

Saddle  on.     To  load;  to  burden. 

Screw.     To  tighten  with  screws. 

Screw  up.     To  tighten  by  screwing. 

Secure.     To  make  secure;  fasten. 

Set.     To  become  fixed  or  settled. 

Sew.     To  fasten  with  thread  and  needle. 

Solder.     To  unite  by  solder. 

Span.     To  join  by  reaching  from  one  side  to  the  other 

Splice.     To  unite  in  one  piece. 

Stitch.     To  join  together  with  stitches. 

Strap.     To  fasten  with  a  strap. 

String.     To  fasten  with  a  string. 

Swathe.     To  bind  or  wrap  up. 

Tack  1 

Tack'togetherJ  To  fasten  by  tacks. 

Tether.     To  fasten  with  a  tether. 

Tie.     To  fasten  with  cord  or  lash. 

Tighten.     To  fasten  closely. 

Trice  up.     To  raise  or  tie  up  with  a  rope. 

Truss.     To  support  by  truss;  to  fasten. 

Twine  round.      To  intertwist. 

Twist.     To  unite  by  intertexture  of  parts. 

Unite.     To  join  together  to  form  one  whole. 

Wedge.      To  fasten  with  a  wedge. 

Weld  together.     To  press  or  beat  into  a  permanent  union. 

Yoke-      To  join  with  a  yoke. 


Burst.     To  break  forcibly  and  with  a  loud  report. 

Carve.     To  cut  in  design. 

Chip.     To  break  off  a  small  piece. 

Chop.     To  cut ;  to  sever. 

Circumcise.     To  cut  off  the  foreskin. 

Cleave.     To  cut  through ;  split. 

Come  off.     To  be  loosed  from  something  to  which  it  ;s  joined. 

Come  to  pieces.     To  be  separated  into  parts. 

Comminute.     To  reduce  to  small  parts. 

Crack.     To  break  apart ;  to  split. 

Cranch.    1 

Craunch.  j-To  crush  with  the  teeth. 

Crunch.   ) 

Cut.     To  make  an  incision;    divide  as  with  a  knife. 

Cut  off"""  1 To  break  off  from  a  fastenine- 

Cut  up.     To  break  to  pieces. 

Detach.     To  disconnect;  separate. 

Disband.     To  release  from  service. 

Disbranch.     To  divest  of  branches. 

Discind.     To  divide. 

Disconnect.     To  sever  connection. 

Disengage.     To  break  the  engagement  of. 

Disentangle.     To  free  from  entanglement. 

Disintegrate.     To  break  into  pieces. 

Disjoin.     To  separate;  divide.  * 

Disjoint.     To  divide  at  the  joints. 

Dislocate.     To  put  out  of  place. 

Dismember.     To  divide  limb  from  limb. 

Dispair.     To  part  a  pair. 

Dispart.     To  set  apart. 

Disperse.     To  scatter  apart. 

Dissect.     To  cut  for  the  purpose  of  examination. 

Dissever.     To  disjoin;  separate. 

Dissociate.     To  break  the  association  of;  disconnect. 

Disunite.     To  separate;  disjoin. 

Divellicate.     To  pull  in  pieces. 

Divide .     To  separate  into  parts. 

Divorce.     To  set  apart;  sunder. 

Fall  off.     To  drop  away  from. 

Fall  to  pieces.     To  drop  apart. 

Gash.     To  cut  into. 

Get  loose.     To  obtain  freedom. 

Hack.     To  cut  aimlessly. 

Hackle.     To  tear  apart. 

Haggle.     To  cut  poorly;  mangle. 

Hash.     To  cut  into  bits. 

Hew.     To  cut  into  shape. 

Incide.     To  cut  or  break  up. 

Incise.     To  cut  into. 

Insulate.     To  separate  from  others. 

Isolate.     To  place  alone. 

Keep  apart.     To  prevent  a  union  or  joining. 

Lacerate.     To  tear  in  a  mangling  manner. 

Leave.     To  go  away  from ;  sever  communication  withj 

Loose.     To  set  free;  release. 

Mangle.     To  mutilate,  as  by  cutting. 

Mince.     To  chop  into  bits. 

Nib.     To  cut  a  point  on  a  pen. 

Nip.     To  pinch;  clip  off. 

Part.     Toseparate;  sever;  divide. 

Part  company.     To  break  up  the  company. 

Peel  off.     To  tear  or  strip  off. 

Pick  to  pieces.)  ™    ,        . 

«...      .  f  To  break  apart. 

Pull  to  pieces.  >  ' 

Rend.     To  make  forcible  division. 

Rend  asunder.     To  divide  apart  forcibly. 

Rend  in  twain.     To  divide  into  two  parts  forcibly. 

Rescind.     Tocutoff;  repeal. 

Rip  up.     To  tear  up  violently. 

Rive.     To  tear  apart  forcibly. 

Rupture.     To  break  or  burst  apart. 

Saw.     To  cut  with  a  saw. 

Scramble.     To  put  hurriedly  together. 

Segregate.     To  separate  or  isolate  from  other*. 

Separate.     To  sever  connection. 

Set  apart.     To  remove  alone. 

Set  free.     To  grant  liberty  to. 

Sever.     To  put  apart;  disjoin. 

Shatter.     To  break  violently;  sma*fc. 

Shiver.     To  shake  or  vibrate. 


UNION. 


1113 


UNIVERSALITY— PARTICULARITY. 


UNION—  DISUNION— Continued. 


V  n  ion — A  djectives. 
Close.     Nearly  attached;  compact. 
Compact.     United  closely. 
Conjoint.     Associated. 
Conjunct.     Joined  together. 
Corporate ,     Collective. 
Fast.     Held  firmly;  secure. 
Firm.     Solid;  closely  united. 
Hand  in  hand.     United  by  clasping  hands. 
Indissoluble.     Impossible  of  being  dissolved. 
Insecable.     Not  capable  of  being  cut. 
Inseparable.     Not  to  be  separated. 
Inseverable.     Not  capable  of  division. 
Intervolved.     Involved  one  within  another. 
Joined.     Brought  together. 
Joint.     Done  by  two  or  more  working  together 
Secure.     Fastened. 
Set.     Fixed  in  position. 

«•}  Secure-,  tfcht. 

Tight.     Firmly  held  together. 

Union — Adverbs,  etc. 

Fast,     Firmly;  securely. 
Firmly.     Securely. 
In  conjunction  with.     Together. 
Intimately.     Closely  connected. 
Tointly.     Together. 

Union — Phrase. 
Tria  juncta  in  uno  [L.].      Three  joined  in  one. 


DISUNION— Verbs— Continued. 


DISUNION—  Continued  jromColumn  a. 

Straggling.     Wandering  aimlessly. 
Unannexed.      Not  joined  to  anything  else. 
Dnassociated.     Alone. 
Unattached.     Separate. 

Disunion — Adverbs,  etc. 
Abstractedly.     In  an  abstract  manner.     See  Adjectives. 
Adrift.      In  a  drifting  state. 
Apart.     Separately;  aside. 
Asunder.     Apart. 
In  the  abstract.     In  the  general. 
In  twain.     In  two  parts. 
One  by  one.      Singly;  apart. 
Separately.     Alone. 
Severally.     Apart  from  others. 


Skin.     To  strip  the  skin  from. 

Slash.     To  cut  with  a  long  stroke. 

Slice .     To  cut  into  thin  parts. 

Slit.     To  make  a  long  cut. 

Snap.     To  break  short. 

Snip.     To  cut  lightly;  clip. 

Splinter.     To  split  into  splinters. 

Split.     To  rend  apart. 

Subdivide.     To  divide  into  parts. 

Sunder.     To  break  apart  violently. 

Take  to  pieces.     To  break. 

Tear.     To  pull  apart;  rend. 

Tear  piecemeal.     To  tear  piece  by  piece. 

Tear  to  tatters.     To  rend  to  rags. 

Throw  out  of  gear.     To  disconnect  the  machinery  so  as  to  stop  its 

action. 
Unbind.     To  release  from  bonds. 
Unchain.     To  release  from  chains. 
Undo.     To  take  apart. 
Unlock.     To  release  the  lock. 
Unloose.     To  disconnect. 
Unpack.     To  remove  as  from  a  pack. 
Unravel.     To  separate  the  connected  or  united  parts  of. 
Whittle.     To  gradually  cut  away. 
Wrench.     To  twist  forcibly. 

Di  s  u  n  10  n — Adjectives, 

Abstract.     General;  abstruse. 

Adrift.     In  a  drifting  state. 

Apart.     Separate;  aside. 

Asunder.     Apart. 

Discontinuous.     Not  continued. 

Discrete.     Disconnected;  distinct. 

Disjoined.     Separated;  disunited. 

Disjunctive.     Helping  to  disjoin. 

Disparate.     Dissimilar. 

Distinct.     Separate  from  all  others. 

Divisible.     Capable  of  division. 

Far  between.     Much  space  intervening. 

Free.     Exempt;  possessing  liberty. 

Insular.     Pertaining  to  an  island. 

Isolated.     Set  apart;  alone. 

Loose.     Not  fastened  tightly. 

Multipartite.     Having  many  parts. 

Reft.     Torn  apart. 

Rift.     Split  open. 

Scissile.     Capable  of  being  cut. 

Separate.      Disjoined;  apart. 

{Continued  on  Column  i.) 


un'-ion  jack'.  The  canton  of  a  flag  used  separately 
as  a  flag;  flag  of  England.  Patriotism-Treason, 
Sign. 

un'-ion-pipes'.  A  musical  instrument  similar  to  the 
trombone.    Musical  Instruments. 

u-nique'.  Uncommon;  alone;  original.  Convention- 
ality- Unconventionality,  Imitation -Original- 
ity, Likeness-Unlikeness,  Solitude-Company. 

un-ir"-ri-ta'-ting.    Calm.    Turbulence-Calmness. 

u'-ni-son.  Harmony.  Harmony-Discord,  Melody- 
Dissonance,  Variance-Accord. 

u'-ni-so"-nance .    Harmony.    Melody-Dissonance. 

u'-ni-so"-nant.     Harmonious.     Melody  -  Dissonance. 

u'-nit.  A  body  or  group  considered  as  a  single  whole. 
Solitude-Company. 

U"-ni-ta'-ri-an.  A  member  of  any  religious  body  that 
rejects  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity.  Orthodoxy-Het- 
erodoxy. 


u-nite'.  To  combine;  associate.  Association,  Compo- 
sition -  Resolution,  Concentration  -  Radiation, 
Cooperation-Opposition,  Gathering-Scattering, 
Solitude-Company,  Union-Disunion;  unite  one's 
efforts,  Antagonism-Concurrence;  unite  with,  An- 
tagonism-Concurrence. 

u-ni'-ted.  Combined.  Cohesion-Looseness,  Vari- 
ance-Accord. 

u'-ni-ty.  Singleness;  harmony.  Entirety-Deficiency, 
Rhetoric,  Solitude-Company,  Variance-Accord, 
Whole-Part  ;   unity  of  time,  Synchronism. 

U'-ni-ty,  Trin'-i-ty  in.  The  union  in  one  God  of  the 
Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Spirit.    Divinity. 

u"-ni-ver'-sal.  Entire.  Universality- Particular- 
ity; universal  church,  Theology;  universal  favor- 
ite, Favorite-Anger. 

U"-ni-ver-sal'-ist.  A  believer  that  all  souls  will  be 
saved.     Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 


UNIVERSALITY— PARTICULARITY. 


Catholicism .     Urn  versality . 

Catholicity.     The  quality  of  being  universal  or  large-minded. 
Generality.     The  quality  of  pertaining  to  a  genus  or  kind 
Generalization.     The  process  of  forming  general  principles. 
Miscellaneousness.     The  state  of  being  a  general  mixture. 
Prevalence.     The  quality  of  being  very  general  in  occurrence. 
Universality.     The  quality  of  being  entirely  general. 


Characteristic.     A  distinguishing  specialty. 

Distinctive  feature.     A  feature  that  marks  a  difference. 

Idiocrasy.     A  special  peculiarity  of  constitution. 

Idiosyncrasy.     An  eccentricity  special  to  some  person. 

Individuality.     That  quality  which  distinguishes  one  person  or  thing 

from  another. 
Individuity.     Special  existence. 


UNIVERSALITY. 


1114 


UNIVERSALITY— PARTICULARITY. 


UNIVERSALITY—  PARTICULARITY—  Continued. 


Universality — Denotations. 
All  hands.     Everybody. 
All  sorts.     Persons  or  things  of  all  qualities. 
All  the  world  and  his  wife.     Everybody. 
Anybody.     Any  one  out  of  an  indefinite  number  of  persons. 
Drag-net.     A  net  dragged  along  the  bottom  of  the  water,  in  which 
many  things  are  caught. 


<*'■}  Every 


person. 


Everyone. 

Miscellany.     A  mass  or  mixture  of  various  things. 

N  or  M.     Either  the  one  thing  or  the  other;  everything. 

Run.     That  which  continues  in  a  certain  course  or  series. 

Universality — Verbs. 
Be  general,  etc.     To  comprehend  many  species  or  individuals. 
Be  going  about.     To  be  in  general  circulation  as  a  matter  of  con- 
versation. 
Generalize.     To  infer  a  general  law  from  a  set  of  particulars. 
Prevail.     To  be  generally  accepted. 
Render  general.     To  make  to  be  generally  accepted. 
Stalk  abroad.     To  be  general  in  a  bad  sense. 

Universality — Adjectives, 
All.     The  whole  number  or  quantity  of  anything. 
All  over.     Generally  distributed. 
Besetting      Generally  troubling. 
Broad.     General  in  scope. 

Catholkal.}  General  in  the  widest  "•*■ 
Collective.     Gathered  into  a  general  mass. 
Common.     General  in  occurrence. 
Comprehensive.     Of  general  application. 
Covered  with.     Overspread  with. 

Customary.     According  to  general  usage.     See  Habit. 
Ecumenical.     Generally  applying  to  the  habitable  earth. 
Encyclopedical.     Including  the  entire  circle  of  knowledge  and  infor- 
mation. 
Epidemic      Generally  prevailing. 
Every.     Each  individual  of  a  whole  collection. 
General.     Wide  in  meaning  or  scope. 

Generic.  Having  a  general  comprehension  or  application. 
Impersonal.  Not  relating  to  a  particular  person  or  thing. 
Pan-American.     All  American. 

Panharmonic.     Accompanied  by  universal  consent. 
Panslavic.      Pertaining  to  all  the  Slavic  peoples. 
Prevailing.     Very  general. 
Prevalent.     Most  generally  current. 
Rife.     Of  general  abundance. 
Sweeping.     General  in  comprehension. 
Transcendental.     Very  high  in  degree. 
Universal.     Relating  to  the  universe  in  general. 
Unspecified.     Not  mentioned  particularly. 
Wide-spread.     General  over  a  great  area. 
World-wide.     General  throughout  the  world. 

Universality — Adverbs,  etc. 
Always.     At  all  times. 

For  better  for  worse.     Under  every  circumstance,  good  or  bad. 
For  the  most  part.     With  reference  to  the  larger  part  of  a  thing. 
Generally.     In  most  cases. 

Generally  speaking.     Speaking  with  general  application. 
In  general.     Usually. 
In  the  long  run.     In  the  end. 
One  and  all.     So  as  to  include  every  one. 
Speaking  generally.     Speaking  of  a  large  class. 
To  a  man.      Entirely  inclusive. 

Whatsoever  1  Bein&  this  or  that;  anything  that  may  be. 


PARTICULARITY— Adverbs,  etc  —Continued  from  Column  2. 
Seriatim .     One  after  the  other. 
Severally.     With  a  separate  and  distinct  existence. 
Specially  "   In  a  particular  manner. 
That  is  to  say. 
To  wit. 

Videlicet.     Namely. 
Viz. 

Particularity — Phrases. 
Adhotninem  [L.].     To  a  man. 
In  propria  persona  [L]      In  person 

Le  style  est  Vkomme  meme  [F.].     The  style  is  the  man  himself. 
Pro  hoc  vice  [L.].     For  this  occasion. 
Pro  re  nata  [L.j.     For  a  special  emergency. 


Mannerism.     Constant  clinging  to  some  specialty. 

Particularity.     An  individual  specialty. 

Peculiarity.     A  specialty  belonging  to  only  one  person  or  thing. 

Personality.     That  which  distinguishes  a  person. 

Singularity.     A  specialty  peculiar  to  one  person  or  thing. 

Spe'cialiti  [F.].     A  special  branch. 

Specialty.     That  which  specially  characterizes  a  person  or  thingj 

Specificness.     The  quality  of  being  explicit. 

Particularity — Denotations. 
Counts.     Particular  allegations  or  charges  in  a  declaration. 
Details.     Particulars;  items. 
Herself.     Her  own  true  or  real  character. 
Himself.     His  own  true  or  proper  character. 
I.     The  speaker  as  distinguished  from  others. 

I  myself.     The  speakerorwriterasdistinguished  from  everybody  else. 
Item.     A  separate  particular. 

Itself.     An  article  as  distinguished  from  other  things. 
Lection.     A  reading. 

Myself.     The  speaker  distinguished  from  others. 
Particulars.     Individual  facts,  points,  or  circumstances  that  may  bo 

considered  separately. 
Reading.     Force  of  a  word  or  passage  presented  by  a  documentary 

authority. 
State.     Condition  or  quality. 

Technicality.     That  which  is  peculiar  to  any  trade  or  profession. 
Trait.     A  distinguishing  or  marked  feature. 

Version.     An  account  or  description  from  a  particular  point  of  view. 
Particularity — Verbs. 

Come  to  the  point.     To  arrive  at  the  special  point  under  discussion. 

Descend  to  particulars.     To  describe  with  special  reference  to  details. 

Designate.     To  give  a  special  name  to  anything. 

Determine.     To  give  a  special  form  to  anything. 

Enter  into  details.     To  report  minutely. 

Individualize.     To  distinguish  from  others  by  special  qualities. 

Particularize.     To  give  special  details. 

Realize.     To  bring  into  actual  existence. 

Specialize.     To  give  anything  a  specific  character. 

Specify.     To  state  fully  and  clearly. 

Particularity — Adjectives. 

Appropriate.     Specially  apt. 

Certain      Established  as  a  fact. 

Characteristic.     Distinguished  by  some  specialty. 

Definite.     Known  with  exactness. 

Determinate.     Specially  limited. 

Diagnostic.     Indicating  the  nature  of  as  of  a  disease. 

Endemic.     Peculiar  to  a  specified  country  or  people. 

Esoteric.     Fitted  only  for  the  enlightened. 

Especial.     Exceptionable  among  others  of  the  same  kind. 

Exclusive.     Having  a  tendency  to  shut  out. 

Idiomatic.     Peculiar  to  a  certain  language  or  dialect. 

Individual.     Pertaining  to  a  particular  person  or  thing. 

Original.     Belonging  to  the  beginning. 

Partial.     Favoring  one  side. 

Particular.     Peculiar  to  something  specified. 

Party.     Favoring  one  party. 

Peculiar.     Having  a  character  exclusively  its  own. 

Personal.     Pertaining  to  a  particular  person. 

Private.     Not  common  or  general. 

Proper.     Specially  adapted. 

Respective.     Having  relation  to  a  particular  person  or  thing. 

Several.     Considered  distinctly  as  an  individual  or  as  individuals; 

Singular.     Consisting  of  only  one  part. 

Special.     For  a  particular  purpose. 

Specific.     Possessing  a  peculiar  property. 

That.     A  specific  object  in  the  distance. 

This.     A  specific  object  near  at  hand. 

Typical.     Pertaining  to  a  class  or  kind. 

Yon.     At  a  distance  but  in  sight. 

Yonder.     At  a  distance  in  the  direction  indicated  by  a  gesture. 

Particularity — Adverbs,  etc. 
Apiece.     For  each  one. 
Bit  by  bit.     Piecemeal. 
Each.     One  of  two. 
Each  to  each.     Separately. 
For  my  part.     According  to  one's  own  desire. 
In  detail.        I  D  _*  v.        -* 
In  particular,  f  Part  by  part. 
Namely.     That  is  to  say 
One  by  one.     One  at  a  time 
Respectively.     Considered  singly. 

{Continued  on  Column  1) 


UNIVERSE. 


1115 


UNKNIGHTLY. 


u'-ni-verse.   The  world.    Universe. 

UNIVERSE. 

Aerolite.     A  meteorite. 

Apollo.     The  god  of  the  sun;  hence,  figuratively,  the  sun. 

Asteroids.     The  small  planets  whose  orbits  lie  between  Mars  and  Ju- 
piter. 

Canopy  of  heaven.     The  sky. 

Cassiopeia's  Chair.   A  group  of  six  stars,  in  Cassiopeia,  resembling 
a  chair. 

Celestial  spaces.     The  apparent  distances  between  heavenly  bodies. 

Charles's  Wain.     The  seven  brightest  stars  in  Ursa  Major. 

Chromosphere.     The  outer  cloudy  envelope  around  the  sun. 

Comet.     A  heavenly  body  consisting  of  a  star-like  body  with  a  long 
tail. 

Constellation.     A  cluster  or  group  of  fixed  stars,  or  division  of  the 
heavens. 

Cosmos.     The  universe,  so  named  from  the  perfection  of  its  arrange- 
ment 

Creation.     The  product  of  God's  creative  power;  the  universe. 

Diana.     Figuratively,  the  moon. 

Earth.     The  globe  or  planet  which  we  inhabit. 

Empyrean .     The  highest  heaven,  or  the  seat  of  Deity. 

Falling  star.     A  star-like,  luminous  meteor  that  darts  iwiftly  across 
some  portion  of  the  sky. 

Firmament.     The  sky  or  heavens. 

Galactic  circle.     The  great  circle  of  the  heavens  to  which  the  galaxy 
most  nearly  conforms. 

Galaxy.     The  Milky  Way. 

Globe.     The  earth. 

Great  Bear.     The  constellation  Ursa  Major. 

Heavenly  bodies.     The  bodies  appearing  in  the  sky. 

Heavens.     The  place  where  the  sun,  moon,  and  stars  appear. 

Macrocosm.     The  visible  system  of  worlds;  the  universe. 

Megacosm.     Macrocosm. 

Meteor.     A  mass  of  stone  or  iron  or  other  substance  that  falls  to  the 
earth 

Microcosm.     A  little  world. 

Midgard.     In  Norse  mythology,  the  earth  the  abode  of  men. 

Milky  Way.     The  luminous  tract   or  belt   which  is  seen  at   night 
stretched  across  the  heavens. 

Moon.      The  celestial  orb  which  revolves  round  the  earth. 

Music  of  the  spheres.     The  music  made  by  heavenly  bodies  in  their 
courses. 

Nature.     The  universe. 

Nebulae       A  gauzy,  cloud-like  appearance  amongst  the  stars. 

Orb  of  day.     The  sun. 

Orb  of  night.     The  moon. 

Orion's  belt.      A  large  and  bright  constellation  on  the  equator  be- 
tween the  stars  Aldebaran  and  Sirius. 

Phoebus.     Figuratively,  the  sun. 

Photosphere.     The  luminous  spherical  envelope  of  the  sun. 

Planet.     A  celestial  body  which  revolves  about  the  sun. 

Planetoid.     A  small  planet  revolving  in  the  space  between  Mars  and 
Jupiter. 

Pleiades.     A  cluster  of  seven  small  stars  in  the  neck  of  the  constella- 
tion Taurus. 

Satellite.     A  secondary  planet  which  revolves  about  another  planet. 

Shooting  star.     A  falling  star. 

Signs  of  the  zodiac.     The  twelve  divisions  of  the  ecliptic  or  zodiac. 

Sky.     The  apparent  arch  or  vault  overhead. 

Solar  system.     The  sun  with  the  group  of  celestial  bodies  which  re- 
volve round  it. 

Southern  Cross.     A  constellation  of  the  southern  hemisphere  contain- 
ing several  bright  stars  so  related  in  position  as  to  resemble  a  cross. 

Sphere.     A  celestial  globe,  as  the  sun,  planet,  etc. 

Starry  heaven.     The  sky  adorned  with  stars. 

Starry  host.     The  body  of  stars. 

Btars.     The  innumerable  luminous  bodies  seen  in  the  heavens. 

Sun.     The  luminous  orb  seen  in  the  heavens  during  the  day. 

Terraqueous  globe.     A  globe  like  the  earth    consisting  of  land  and 

water 
Vault  of  heaven.     The  sky. 

Vta  la-tea  [L.]      The  Milky  Way. 

Welkin.     The  visible  regions  of  the  air;  the  cloud  region 

Zodiac.     An  imaginary  belt  in  the  heavens  extending  8  degrees  on 
each  side  of  the  ecliptic. 

Universe — Scientific  Nouns. 
Astronomer.     One  given  to  the  study  of  the  heavenly  bodies. 
Astronomy.      The  science  that  treats  of  everything  connected  with 

the  heavenly  bodies 
Colures.     The  two  circles  which  pass  through  the  four  cardinal  points 

of  the  ecliptic  and  intersect  at  the  poles. 


Cosmogony.     A  doctrine  or  an  account  of  the  creation  or  of  the  sys- 
tem of  the  universe. 
Cosmography.     The  science  which  treats  of  the  universe. 
Cosmology.     The  general  science  of  the  universe,  in  all  its  parts,  law*, 

etc. 
Ecliptic.     The  apparent  path  of  the  sun  in  the  heavens  in  a  year. 
Eidauranion  [Gr.J.     A  representation  of  the  heavens. 
Equator.     The  great  circle  in  which  the  plane  of  the  earth's  equator 

cuts  the  celestial  sphere. 
Geodesy,  etc.     The  determination  of  the  magnitude  and  figure  of  the 

earth.     See  Mensuration. 
Observatory.     A  building  for  making  observations  of  the  heavenly 

bod'  "-S. 
Orbit.     The  path  in  space  along  which  a  heavenly  body  moves  about 

its  center  of  attraction. 
Orrery.     A  machine  for  exhibiting  the  relative  motions  and  position* 

of  the  members  of  the  solar  system. 
Star-gazer,     One  who  studies  the  stars. 
Star-gazing.     The  act  of  studying  the  stars. 

Uranography.     That  branch  of  astronomy  which  treats  of  the  con- 
stellations and  the  stars  that  form  them. 
Uranology.     The  knowledge  of  the  heavens. 

Zodiac.     An  imaginary  belt  in  the  heavens  extending  8  degrees  on 
each  side  of  the  ecliptic. 

Universe — Adjectives. 
Astral.     Pertaining  to  the  stars;  starry. 
Celestial.     Pertaining  to  the  sky  or  heaven. 
Cosmical.     Relating  to  the  universe  and  all  visible  nature- 
Earthly.     Pertaining  to  this  world- 
Geotric.     Belonging  to  earth;  terrestrial. 
Heavenly.     Resembling  heaven ;  celestial. 

Heliacal.     Emerging  from  or  passing  into  the  light  of  the  sun.  . 

Lunar.     Pertaining  to  the  moon. 
Mundane.     Pertaining  to  the  world;  worldly. 
Nebular.     Of  or  relating  to  nebulae. 

Sideral.  \  Relating  to  the  stars;   measured  by  the  apparent  motion 
Sidereal.  >       of  the  stars. 

Solar.     Pertaining  to  the  sun,  measured  by  its  apparent  revolution. 
Sphery.     Like  a  sphere  or  star. 
Starry.     Adorned  with  or  resembling  stars. 
Stellar.     Of  or  pertaining  to  the  stars ;  astral. 
Subastral.     Beneath  the  stars  or  heavens. 
Sublunary.     Situated  under  the  moon. 
Telluric.     Pertaining  to  the  earth,  or  procured  from  it. 
Terraqueous.     Consisting  of  land  and  water. 
Terrene.     Pertaining  to  the  earth;  earthy. 
Terreous.     Consisting  of  earth. 
Terrestrial.     Pertaining  to  the  terraqueous  globe;    existing  on  t^e 

earth. 
Terrestrious.     Earthy;  being  or  living  on  the  earth. 
Under  the  sun.     Anywhere  on  earth. 
Uranic.     Celestial;  astronomical. 

Universe — Adverbs,  etc. 
Earthward.     Toward  the  earth. 
Here  below.     On  earth. 
In  all  creation.     Anywhere. 

On  the  face  of  the  globe.     On  the  earth's  surface. 
Under  the  sun.     In  this  world. 

Universe — Phrase. 
Die  Weltgeschichte    ist    das    Weltgericht  [G.]. 
world- tribunal. 


World-history 


u"-ni-ver'-si-ty.  An  educational  institution  for  su- 
perior instruction.  School;  go  to  the  university,  Edu- 
cation-Learning. 

un-just' .    Unfair.    Right-Wrong. 

un-jus'-ti-fi"-a-ble.  Wrong.  Justification-Charge, 
Right- Wrong,  Virtue-Vice. 

un-jus'-ti-fied.  Wrong.  Dueness-Undueness,  Right- 
Wrong. 

un-kempt'.  Disheveled.  Cleanness  -  Filthiness, 
Taste-Vulgarity. 

un-ken'-nel.  Eject;  disclose.  Admission-Expulsion, 
Exposure-Hidingplace. 

un-kind'.  Harsh.  Charitableness-Malevolence; 
unkindest  cut  of  all,  Pleasure-Pain. 

un-kind'-ness.  Harshness.  Charitableness-Malev- 
olence. 

un-knight'-ly.  Not  gallant.  Uprightness  -  Dishon- 
esty. 


UNKNOWABLE. 


1116 


UNOBEYED. 


nn-know'-a-ble.    Hidden.    Clearness-Obscurity. 

un-know'-ing.    Ignorant.    Knowledge-Ignorance. 

un-known'.  Ignorant;  latent.  Enlightenment-Se- 
crecy, Knowledge-Ignorance;  unknown  quanti- 
ties, Knowledge-Ignorance;  unknown  to  fame, 
Gentility-Commonalty,  Reputation- Discredit. 

un-la'-bored.  Easy;  not  ready.  Preparation-Non- 
preparation,  Purity-Crudeness. 

un-lade'.    Remove.    Admission-Expulsion. 

un-la'-dy-like".  Rough.  Politeness-Impoliteness, 
Taste- Vulgarity. 

un"-la-ment'-ed.  Unmourned.  Approval-Disapprov- 
al, Love-Hate. 

unlaw'-ful.  Illegal;  unjust.  Dueness-Undueness, 
Law- Lawlessness. 

un-law'-ful-ness.  Wrong.  Law-Lawlessness,  Right- 
Wrong. 

un-learn'.    Forget.    Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

un-learned'.    Uneducated.    Knowledge-Ignorance. 

un-leav'-ened.  Unimbued.  Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration. 

un-less'.  Except.  Condition-Situation,  Conven- 
tion ality-Unconventionality,  Modification. 

un-let'-tered.  Unlearned.  Knowledge-Ignorance; 
unlettered  Muse,  Purity-Crudeness. 

un-li'-censed.    Prohibited.    Leave-Prohibition. 

un-licked'.  Not  properly  formed.  Gentility-Common- 
alty, Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Taste-Vul- 
garity; unlicked  cub,  Form-Formlessness,  Gen- 
tility-Commonalty, Politeness-  Impoliteness, 
Taste- Vulgarity. 

un-like'.    Different.    Likeness-Unlikeness. 

un-like'-li-hood.  Improbability.  Likelihood-Unlike- 
lihood. 

un-like'-ly.  Improbable.  Likelihood -Unlikeli- 
hood. 

un-like'-ness.    Dissimilarity.    Likeness-Unlikeness. 

un-lim'-ber.    Stiff.    Hardness-Softness. 

un-lim'-it-ed.  Great;  infinite;  free.  Infinity,  Lib- 
erty-Subjection, Magnitude-Smallness;  unlimi- 
ted space,  Extension-District. 

un-liq'-ue-fied.    Solid.    Solidity-Rarity. 

un-live'-ly.       Dull.      Lightheartedness-  Dejection, 

WlTTINESS-DuLNESS. 

un-load'.  Disencumber;  discharge.  Admission-Ex- 
pulsion, Difficulty-Facility,  Establishment- 
Removal. 

un-load'-ed.    Disencumbered.    Difficulty-Facility. 

un-lock.    Unfasten.    Discovery,  Union-Disunion. 

un-looked'  for.  Unexpected.  Expectation -Sur- 
prise. 

un-loose'.  Unfasten.  Release-Restraint,  Union- 
Disunion. 

un-loved'.    Hated.    Love-Hate. 

un-love'-ly.    Plain.    Beauty-Ugliness. 

un-luck'-y.  Ill-starred;  bad.  Goodness-Badness,  Op- 
portuneness-Unsuitableness,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

un-made'.   Taken  to  pieces.    Entity-Nonentity. 

un-maimed'.    Not  crippled.    Health-Sickness. 

un-make'.    Destroy.    Conversion-Reversion. 

un-man'.  Deprive  of  manly  strength;  dishearten. 
Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Might-Impotence, 
Sanguineness  -  Hopelessness,  Strength  -  Weak- 
ness. 

un-man'-age-a-ble.  Unwieldy;  perverse.  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Propriety-Impropriety. 

un-man'-ly.  Effeminate;  dishonorable.  Male-Fe- 
male, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

un -manned'.  Dejected;  cowardly.  Bravery-Cow- 
ardice, Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

un-man'-nered.    Boorish.    Politeness-Impoliteness. 

un-man'-ner-ly.  Misbehaved.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness. 


Disregarded.      Carefulness-Careless- 

Sound.      Conservation,  Health-Sick- 

Not  united  in  wedlock.      Matrimony- 


un-marked'. 

NESS. 

un-marred' . 

NESS. 

un-mar'-ried. 
Celibacy. 

un-mask'.    Reveal.    Exposure-Hidingplace. 

un-matched'.  Different.  Deviation,  Likeness-Un- 
likeness, Variation. 

un-mean'-ing.  Senseless.  Adage-Nonsense,  Mean- 
ing-Jargon. 

un-mean'-ing-ness.  Meaninglessness.  Meaning-Jar- 
gon. 

un-meant'.    Unintelligible.    Meaning-Jargon. 

un-meas'-u-ra-ble.    Infinite.    Infinity. 

un-meas'-ured.  Very  great.  Differentiation-Indis- 
crimination, Enough,  Infinity. 

un-med'-i-ta"-ted.  Unthoughtof.  Predetermination- 
Impulse. 

un-meet'.    Improper.    Dueness-Undueness. 

un-mel'-lowed.  Imperfect.  Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration. 

un"-mel-o'-di-ous.    Discordant.   Melody-Dissonance. 

un-melt'-ed.    Solid.    Solidity-Rarity. 

un-men'-tion-a-ble.  Dishonorable.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

un-mer'-ci-ful.    Pitiless.    Compassion-Ruthlessness. 

un-mer'-it-ed.    Undeserved.    Dueness-Undueness. 

un"-meth-od'-ic-al.  Erratic.  Regularity-Irregu- 
larity. 

un-mind'-ful.  Heedless.  Carefulness-Carelessness, 
Heed- Disregard,  Thankfulness-Thanklessness. 

un-min'-gled.    Separate.     Mixture-Homogeneity. 

un-missed'.    Unheeded.    Carefulness-Carelessness. 

un"-mis-ta'-ka-ble.  Manifest.  Certainty- Doubt, 
Clearness-Obscurity,  Manifestation-Latency. 

un-mit'-i-ga-ble.  Unallayable.  Turbulence -Calm- 
ness. 

un-mit'-i-ga"-ted.  Very  great;  unassuaged.  Entirety- 
Deficiency,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

un-mixed'.    Separate.    Mixture-Homogeneity. 

un"-mo-lest'-ed.  Safe;  content.  Contentedness-Dis- 
contentment,  Security-Insecurity. 

un-mon'-eyed.    Poor.    Affluence-Penury. 

un-mourned'.     Unlamented.     Love-Hate. 

un-moved'.  Quiescent.  Bigotry- Apostasy,  Move- 
ment-Rest, Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

un-mu'-sic-al.  Harsh.  Melody-Dissonance;  unmu- 
sical voice,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

un-muz'-zled.    Unrestrained.    Liberty-Subjection. 

un-named'.    Nameless.    Name-Misnomer. 

un-nat'-u-ral.  Affected;  heartless.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Conventionality-Unconvention- 
ality,  Society-Affectation. 

un-nec'-es-sa-ry.  Not  required.  Excess-Lack,  Pro- 
priety-Impropriety, USEFULNESS-USELESSNESS. 

un-need'-ed.    Unrequired.    Usefulness-Uselessness-. 

un-neigh'-bor-ly.  Not  sociable.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness. 

un-nerve'.  To  weaken.  Might-Impotence,  Strength- 
Weakness. 

un-nerved'.  Powerless;  dejected.  Lighthearted- 
ness-Dejection, Might- Impotence,  Strength- 
Weakness. 

un-no'-ted.  Unheeded;  unhonored.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Reputation-Discredit. 

un-no'-ticed.  Unheeded;  unhonored.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Reputation-Discredit. 

un-num'-bered.    Innumerable.    Infinity. 

un-nur'-tured.  Not  nourished.  Preparation-Non- 
preparation. 

un"-o-beyed'.  Uncomplied  with.  Insubordination- 
Obedience. 


UNOBJECTIONABLE, 


1117 


UNPROP1TIOUS. 


nn"-ob-jec'-tion-a-ble.  Without  exception.  Goodness- 
Badness,  Innocence -Guilt,  Renovation- Re- 
lapse. 

un"-ob-nox'-ious.    Not  odious.  Goodness-Badness. 

un"-ob-scured'.     Bright.     Light-Darkness. 

un"-ob-serv'-ant.     Inattentive.     Heed-Disregard. 

un"-ob-served'.  Disregarded.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness. 

un"-ob-struct'-ed.  Clear.  Difficulty-Facility,  Lib- 
erty-Subjection. 

un"-ob-tain'-a-ble.  Incapable  of  being  acquired.  Pos- 
sibility-Impossibility. 

un"-ob-tained'.    Not  secured.    Holding-Exemption. 

un"-ob-tru'-sive .    Modest.    Conceit-Diffidence. 

un-oc'-cu-pied.  Vacant;  idle.  Action-Passiveness, 
Activity-Indolence,  Presence-Absence,  Reflec- 
tion-Vacancy. 

un'-of-fend'-ed.     Unaroused.    Excitability-Inexcita- 

BILITY,  SeLFRESPECT-HuMBLENESS. 

un'-of-fi'-cial.    Unauthorized.    Law-Lawlessness. 

un-oft'-en.    Rarely.    Frequency-Rarity. 

un-o'-pened.  Not  begun.  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion. 

un"-op-posed'.  Unresisted.  Antagonism  -  Concur- 
rence. 

un-or'-gan-ized.  Not  systematic.  Preparation-Non- 
preparation;  unorganized  matter,  Pulpiness-Ros- 
in. 

un-or"-na-ment'-al.    Plain.    Beauty-Ugliness. 

un-or"-na-ment'-ed.  Simple.  Embellishment- Sim- 
plicity, Simplicity-Floridness. 

un-or'-tho-dox.  Not  Trinitarian.  Orthodoxy-Het- 
erodoxy. 

una  sallu  [L.]  (yu'-no  sal'-tiu).  Atone  leap.  Eter- 
nity-Instantaneity. 

un-os"-ten-ta"-tious.    Modest.    Conceit-Diffidence. 

un-owed'.    Paid.    Settlement-Default. 

un-owned'.    Ownerless.    Keeping-Relinquisiiment. 

un"-pa-cif'-ic.  Stormy;  pugnacious.  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation, Variance-Accord. 

un-pac'-i-fied.    Not  calmed.    Variance-Accord. 

un-pack'.  Loosen;  take  out.  Admission^Expulsion, 
Union-Disunion. 

un-paid'.  Owed.  Costliness-Cheapness,  Credit- 
Debt. 

un-pal'-a-ta-ble.  Unsavory.  Palatableness-Unpala- 
tableness,  Pleasurableness-Pain fulness. 

un-par'-a-goned.  Unrivaled.  Faultlessness-Faulti- 
ness,  Goodness-Badness,  Supremacy-Subordi- 
nacy. 

un-par'-al-leled.  Unsurpassed;  without  exception.  Con- 
ventionality- Unconventionality,  Deviation, 
Faultlessness  -  Faultiness,  Goodness  -  Badness, 
Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

un-par'-don-a-ble.  Unexcusable;  wicked.  Justifica- 
tion-Charge. Virtue- Vice. 

un-par"-lia-men'-ta-ry  lan'-guage.  Uncourteous  or 
foul  speech.  Charitableness-Curse,  Politeness- 
Impoliteness. 

un-pass'-a-ble.    Impenetrable.    Aperture-Closure. 

un-pas'-sion-ate.  Calm.  Excitability-Inexcitabil- 
ity. 

un-pa"-tri-ot'-ic.  Without  patriotism.  Humanitari- 
anism-Misanthropy. 

un-peace'-ful.  Contentious.  Fighting-Conciliation, 
Strife-Peace. 

un-peo'-ple.  Depopulate.  Admission-Expulsion,  So- 
ciability-Privacy. 

un"-per-ceived' .  Unnoticed.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness, Knowledge-Ignorance. 

un"-per-formed'.    Undone.     Completion-Noncomple- 

TION. 

un-per'-jured.  Truthful.  Truthfulness-Falsehood, 
Uprightness-Dishonest' 


un'-per-plexed'.  Unembarrassed.  Sagacity-Incapac- 
ity. 

un"-per-sua'-da-ble.  Obstinate.  Bigotry-Apostasy. 
Motive-Dehortation. 

un"-per-turbed'.  Calm.  Excitability-Inexcitability. 

un-phil"-o-soph'-ic-al.  Irrational.  Sagacity- Inca- 
pacity. 

un-pierced'.    Unpenetrated.    Aperture-Closure. 

un-pit'-ied.  Not  sympathized  with.  Approval-Disap- 
proval. 

un-pit'-y-ing.  Relentless.  Compassion -Ruthless- 
ness. 

un-placed'.    Unassigned.    Establishment-Removal 

un-plagued'.  Undisturbed.  Contentedness-Discon- 
tentment. 

un-pleas'-ant.      Disagreeable.      Palatablenesss-Un- 

PALATABLENESS,  PlEASURABLENESS-PaINFULNESS. 

un-pleas'-ing.    Disagreeable.    Pleasurableness-Pain- 

FULNESS. 

un"-po-et'-ic-al.  Inartistic;  plain.  Craft-Artless- 
ness,  Poetry-Prose. 

un-pol'-ished.  Clumsy;  rough.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness, Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Smoothness- 
Roughness,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

un-po-lite'.    Rude.    Politeness-Impoliteness. 

un-pop'-u-lar.  Disliked.  Desire-Distaste,  Pleasur- 
ableness-Painfulness. 

un-pop"-u-lar'-i-ty.    Disfavor.    Love-Hate. 

un-por'-tioned.    Disinherited.    Affluence-Penury. 

un'-pos-sessed' .    Uncontrolled.    Holding-Exemption. 

un-prec'-e-dent-ed.  Unexampled.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Frequency-Rarity,  Like- 
ness-Unlikeness. 

un-prej'-u-diced.     Unbiased.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

un"-pre-med'-i-ta-ted.  Unthought  of.  Predetermina- 
tion -  Impulse,  Preparation  -  Nonpreparation, 
Purpose-Luck. 

un"-pre-pared'.  Not  ready.  Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration, Security-Insecurity. 

un-pre"-pos-sessed'.  Not  preoccupied.  Sagacity-In- 
capacity. 

un-pre"-pos-sess'-ing.  Unattractive.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness. 

un"-pre-sent'-a-ble.  Not  worthy  of  being  offered. 
Taste- Vulgarity. 

un"-pre-tend'-ing.     Modest.     Conceit-Diffidence. 

un"-pre-ten'-tious.     Modest.     Conceit-Diffidence. 

un"-pre-vent'-ed.     Free.     Liberty-Subjection. 

un-prin'-ci-pled.     Knavish.     Virtue-Vice. 

un-priv'-i-leged.     Unfavored.     Dueness-Undueness. 

un-prized'.  Unvalued.  Overvaluation  -  Under- 
valuation. 

un"-pro-claimed' .  Unannounced.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 

un"-pro-duced'.    Uncreated.    Entity-Nonentity. 

un"-pro-duct'-ive.  Useless.  Fertility- Sterility, 
Usefulness-Uselessness. 

un"-pro-duct'-ive-ness.  Barrenness.  Fertility- 

Sterility. 

un''  pro-fi'-cien-cy.     Inadeptness.     Skill-Unskilful- 

NESS. 

un-prof'-it-a-ble.  Useless.  Fertility  -  Sterility, 
Goodness-Badness,  Propriety-Impropriety,  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness. 

un-prof'-it-a-ble-ness.  Uselessness.  Fertility-Ster- 
ility. 

un"-pro-lif'-ic.     Barren.     Fertility-Sterility. 

un-prom'-is-ing.     Unfavorable.     Sanguineness-Hope- 

LESSNESS. 

un-prompt'-ed.  Uninstigated.  Predetermination- 
Impulse. 

un"-pro-pi'-tious.  Unfavorable;  ill-timed.  Antago- 
nism-Concurrence, Opportuneness-Unsuitablb- 
ness,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 


UNPROSPEROUS. 


1118 


UNRIDDLE. 


nn-pros'-per-ous.  Unfortunate.  Welfare-Misfor- 
tune. 

un"-pro-tect'-ed.     Insecure.     Security-Insecurity. 

un-proved'.  Not  demonstrated.  Ratiocination-In- 
stinct. 

un"-pro-vid'-ed.  Unsupplied;  unprepared.  Excess- 
Lack,  Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

un-pub'-lished.  Unproclaimed.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 

un-punc'-tu-al.  Tardy;  untimely.  Earliness-Late- 
ness,  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness,  Periodic- 
ity-Irregularity. 

un-punc"-tu-al'-i-ty.  Tardiness.  Periodicity-Irreg- 
ularity. 

un-pun'-ished.  Unconvicted.  Exculpation-Convic- 
tion. 

un-pur'-chased.     Unbought.     Buying-Sale. 

un-pur'-i-fied.     Dirty.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

un-pur'-posed.     Accidental.     Purpose-Luck. 

un'  -pur-sued'.     Unfollowed.     Quest-Abandonment. 

un-qual'-i-fied.  Incompetent;  unentitled.  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt, Dueness-Undueness,  Entirety- 
Deficiency,  Might-Impotence,  Preparation-Non- 
preparation, Skill-Unskilfulness;  unqualified 
truth,  Truth-Error. 

un-quelled'.     Unabated.     Turbulence-Calmness. 

un-quench'-a-ble.  Unextinguishable.  Desire-Dis- 
taste, Strength-Weakness. 

un-quenched'.  Unextinguished.  Heat-Cold,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness. 

un-ques'-tion-a-ble.    Certain.     Certainty-Doubt. 

un-ques'-tion-a-bly.     Certainly.     Assent-Dissent. 

un-ques'-tion-ed.  Undoubted.  Assent-Dissent,  Cer- 
tainty-Doubt. 

un-qui'-et.      Restless.      Agitation,  Excitability-In- 

EXCITABILITY,  MoVEMENT-ReST. 

un-rav'-el.  Separate;  unfold.  Composition-Resolu- 
tion, Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Difficulty-Fa- 
cility, Discovery,  Interpretation-Misinterpre- 
tation, Organization-Disorganization,  Revolu- 
tion-Evolution, Union-Disunion. 

un-reached'.  Unattained.  Transcursion-  Short- 
coming. 

un-read'.     Ignorant.     Knowledge-Ignorance. 

un-read'-y.  Unprepared.  Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration. 

un-real'.  Imaginary.  Entity-Nonentity,  Fancy, 
Truth-Error. 

un-rea'-son-a-ble.  Unjust.  Costliness-Cheapness, 
Decision-Misjudgment,  Possibility-Impossibility, 
Ratiocination-Instinct,  Right- Wrong,  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 

un-rea'-son-a-ble-ness.  Impropriety.  Opportune- 
ness-Unsuitableness. 

un-rea'-son-ing.  Prejudiced.  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment. 

un"-re-claimed'.  Unconverted.  Repentance -Ob- 
duracy. 

un-rec'-og-ni"-za-ble.  Unacknowledgable.  Revolu- 
tion. 

un-rec'-on-ciled.  Not  harmonized.  Variance-Ac- 
cord. 

un"-re-cord'-ed.    Unmarked.     Mark-Obliteration. 

un-re-count'-ed.     Untold.     Inclusion-Omission. 

un"-re-duced'.  Undiminished.  Magnitude-Small- 
ness. 

un"-re-fined\     Vulgar.     Taste-Vulgarity. 

un"-re-fl«ict'-ing.     Heedless.     Heed-Disregard. 

un'-re-formed'.  Not  reclaimed  from  vice.  Repent- 
ance-Obduracy. 

un"-re-freshed\  Weary.  Weariness  -  Refresh- 
ment. 

un"-re-fut'-ed.  Not  disproved.  Proof- Disproof, 
Truth-Error. 


un"-re-gard'-ed.      Unobserved.      Carefulness-Carb 
lessness,  Regard-Disrespect. 

un"-re-gen'-er-a-cy.  State  of  being  unregenerate 
Nature-Art. 

un"-re-gen'-er-ate.  Wicked.  Godliness-Ungodli- 
ness, Nature-Art. 

un-reg'-is-tered.     Unrecorded.     Mark-Obliteration. 

un-reined'.     Unrestrained.     Liberty-Subjection. 

un"-re-la'-ted.  Not  connected.  Connection-Inde- 
pendence. 

un"-re-lent'-ing.  Merciless.  Compassion-Ruthless- 
ness,  Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

un"-re-li'-a-ble.     Untrustworthy.     Certainty-Doubt. 

un"-re-lieved'.  Troubled.  Alleviation-Aggrava- 
tion. 

un"-re-marked'.  Unnoticed.  Carefulness  -  Care- 
lessness. 

un"-re-mem'-bered.  Forgotten.  Remembrance-For- 
getfulness. 

un"-re-mit'-ting.  Continuous.  Continuity-Inter- 
ruption, Lastingness-Transientness,  Persist- 
ence-Whim. 

un"-re-moved' .     Left.     Establishment-Removal. 

un"-re-mu'-ner-a-ted.  Unrewarded.  Settlement- 
Default. 

ua"-re-newed'.  Not  reestablished.  Mutation-Per- 
manence. 

un"-re-pealed'.  Unrevoked.  Mutation -Perma- 
nence. 

un"-re-peat'-ed.  Single.  Multiplicity-Paucity,  Sol- 
itude-Company. 

un"-re-pent'-ant.  Unhumbled.  Repentance  -  Ob- 
duracy. 

un-re-pent'  ed.  Not  contrite.  Repentance  -  Obdu- 
racy. 

un"-re-pin'-ing.  Uncomplaining.  Contentedness- 
Discontentment. 

un"-re-plen'-ished.     Unfilled.     Excess-Lack. 

un"-re-pressed'.  Unrestrained.  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

un"-re-proached'.     Upright.     Innocence-Guilt. 

un"-re-proved'.     Not  censured.     Innocence-Guilt. 

un"-re-quit'-ed.  Not  reciprocated.  Credit-Debt, 
Thankfulness-Thanklessness. 

un"-re-sent'-ed.     Forgiven.    Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

un"-re-served'.  Frank.  Craft-Artlessness,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

un"-re-sist'-ed.  Obeyed.  Insubordination- Obe- 
dience. 

un"-re-sist'-ing.  Submissive.  Excitability-Inex- 
citability,  Yielding. 

un"-re-solved'.  Not  fixed.  Determination-Vacil- 
lation. 

un"-re-spect'-ed.     Disregarded.     Regard-Disrespect. 

un-rest'.  Uneasiness.  Movement-Rest,  Mutabil- 
ity-Stability. 

un"-re-stored\  Fatigued.  •  Weariness-  Refresh- 
ment. 

un"-re-strained'.  Free.  Difficulty-Facility,  Lib- 
erty-Subjection. 

un"-re-strict'-ed.  Unlimited.  Liberty-Subjection, 
Magnitude-Smallness. 

un"-re-tract'-ed.     Undenied.     Assertion-Denial. 

un"-re-venged'.  Pardoned.  Pardon-Vindictive- 
ness. 

un"-re- versed'.  Unchanged.  Discontinuance-Con- 
tinuance. 

un"-re-voked'.  Unannulled.  Discontinuance-Con- 
tinuance. 

un"-re-ward'-ed.  Not  compensated.  Credit-Debt, 
Thankfulness-Thanklessness. 

un-rhymed'.     Inharmonious.     Poetry-Prose. 

un-rid'-dle.  Interpret.  Discovery,  Exposure-Hid- 
ingplace. 


UNRIG. 


1119 


UNSELFISHNESS— SELFISHNESS. 


an-rig'.     Dismantle.     Usefulness-Uselessness. 
un-right'-eous.     "Wrong.     Virtue-Vice. 
un-rip'.     To  cut  open.     Aperture-Closure. 
un-ripe'.         Unready.        Preparation  -  Nonprepara- 

TION. 

un-ri'-valed.     Unexcelled.     Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

un-roll'.  Open.  Manifestation-Latency,  Revolu- 
tion-Evolution. 

un"-ro-man'-tic.     Prosaic.     Truth-Error. 

un-root'.     Eradicate.      Injection-Ejection. 

un-ruf'-fled.  Calm.  Excitability-Inexcitabilitv 
Movement-Rest,  Sensitiveness- Apathy,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness. 

un-ru'-ly.  Stubborn.  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Insubor- 
dination-Obedience, Turbulence-Calmness,  Tyr- 
anny-Anarchy. 

un-sad'-dle.     Depose.     Commission- Abrogation. 

un-safe'.     Perilous.     Security-Insecurity. 

un-said'.     Unuttered.     Manifestation- Latency. 

un-sa'-la-ble.  Useless.  Costliness-Cheapness,  Sale- 
Use  fulness-Uselessness. 

un"-sa-lu'-ted.     Unnoticed.     Regard-Disrespect. 

un-sanc'-ti-fied.  Unholy.  Godliness- Disbelief, 
Godliness-Ungodliness. 

un-sanc'-tioned.  Unapproved.  Dueness-  Undue- 
ness. 

un-sa'-ted.     Unsatisfied.     Desire-Distaste. 

un-sat'-is-fac"-to-ry.  Inexpedient;  displeasing.  Con- 
tentedn ess-Discontentment,  Goodness-Badness, 
Pleasurableness  -  Painfulness.  Propriety  -  Im- 
propriety. 

un-sat'-is-fied.  Rash;  discontented.  Contented- 
ness-Discontentment,  Recklessness-Caution. 


un-sa'-vor-i-ness.  Tastelessness.  Palatableness* 
Unpalatableness,  Pungency. 

un-sa'-vor-y.  Distasteful.  Palatableness-Unpal- 
atableness,  Pungency. 

un-say'.     Recant.     Bigotry-Apostasy. 

un-scanned'.  Unmeasured.  Carefulness  -  Care- 
lessness. 

un-scathed'.     Uninjured.     Health-Sickness. 

un-schooled'.    Uneducated.     Knowledge-Ignorance, 

un-sci"-en-tif'-ic.  Illogical.  Ratiocination-  In- 
stinct. 

un-scoured'.     Dirty.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

un-scrip'-tur-al.  Contrary  to  the  Word  of  God.  Or- 
thodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

un-scru'-pu-lous.  Unprincipled.  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

un-seal'.     Disc1ose.     Exposure-Hi  dingplace. 

un-searched'.  Unexamined.  Carefulness-Care- 
lessness. 

un-sea'-son-a-ble.  Ill-timed.  Harmony-Discord, 
Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

un-sea'-soned.  Unusual;  unprepared.  Habit-Desue- 
tude, Preparation-Nonprep  a  ration. 

un-seat'.  Remove  from  office.  Commission-Abroga- 
tion. 

un-seem'-ly.  Inexpedient;  vulgar.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Dueness-  Undueness,  Propriety-  Impro- 
priety, Taste-Vulgarity,  Virtue-Vice. 

un-seen'.     Invisible.     Visibility-Invisibility. 

un-sel'-dom.     Often.     Frequency- Rarity. 

un-self-ish.     Liberal.     Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

un-self'-ish-ness.  Liberality.  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence, Unselfishness-Selfishness. 


UNSELFISHNESS— SELFISHNESS. 


Benevolence.  Love  of  mankind,  accompanied  with  a  desire  to  pro- 
mote their  happiness.     See  Charitableness. 

Charity      Free  giving  to  others. 

Chivalrous  spirit.  A  feeling  or  disposition  raised  above  what  is  low 
mean,  or  ungenerous. 

Chivalry.     The  spirit  or  manners  of  knighthood. 

Devotion.     Ardent  love  or  affection. 

Disinterestedness.  The  state  of  being  unmoved  by  personal  interes* 
or  advantage.      See  Adjectives. 

Elevation.  The  condition  of  mind  of  being  above  what  is  low  or 
mean. 

Exaltation.     Elevation  of  character. 

Free-hearted.     Generous;  kindly. 

Generosity.     The  quality  of  being  noble.  ■ 

Heroism.  Qualities  of  a  hero  as  bravery  courage,  unselfishness, 
etc. 

Labor  of  love.     "Work  for  the  pleasure  of  the  work,  or  love  of  others. 

Liberalism.     Principles  of  freedom  from  prejudice. 

Liberality.     The  quality  of  generosity. 

Loftiness  of  purpose.      Elevation  .  nobility  of  purpose. 

Magnanimity.  That  quality  or  combination  of  qualities  which  en- 
ables one  to  disdain  injustice  meanness,  and  revenge  ,  large-mind- 
edness. 

Martyrdom.     The  laying  down  one  s  life  for  a  cause. 

Self-abnegation.     Self-denial. 

Self-control.      Restraint  exercised  over  oneself. 

Self-denial.     A  foregoing  of  one's  own  welfare  for  others. 

Self-immolation.     Self-sacrifice 

Self-sacrifice.  The  quality  of  denying  the  enjoyment  of  one  s  own 
interest . 

Stoicism.     Indifference  to  pleasure  or  pain. 

Sublimity.  The  quality  of  being  distinguished  by  lofty  or  noble 
traits 

Suttee.  The  burning  of  a  widow  on  the  funeral  pyre  of  her  husband. 
Unselfishness — Verbs. 

Be  disinterested.     To  be  free  from  selfish  motives.     See  Adjective*. 
Do  as  one  would  be  done  by.     To  treat  or  deal  with  others  as  we  wish 

to  be  treated. 
Lay  one's  htad  on  the  block.     To  die  for  a  cause. 
Make  a  sacrifice.     To  devote  with  loss  or  suffering. 
Put  oneself  in  the  place  of  others.     To  undertake  another  s  work,  to 

imagine  oneself  to  be  in  another  s  place. 


Amour  propre  [F.Q.     Self-love.     See  Conceit. 

Charity  that  begins  at  home.  Love  or  good-will  that  embraces  first 
the  circle  of  one's  own  family. 

Egoism.     Excessive  love  of  self. 

Egotism.     Speaking  and  writing  overmuch  of  oneself. 

Illiberality.     Narrow-mindedness. 

Ingrate.     An  ungrateful  person. 

Ingratitude.     Insensible  to  favors  received. 

Meanness.     The  condition  or  quality  of  being  mean  or  stingy. 

Nepotism.  Favoritism  shown  to  relatives,  especiaUy  in  public  serv- 
ice. 

Self-indulgence.     Cringing  to  selfish  desires  and  inclinations. 

Self-interest.     The  interest  in  oneself. 

Selfishness.    Exclusive  regard  to  one's  own  interest  or  happiness. 

Self-love.     Tendency  to  seek  one's  own  advantage. 

Self-worship.     Idolizing  oneself. 

Worldliness.  A  passion  for  temporal  gain  and  enjoyments.  See 
Adjectives. 

World-wisdom.     Devotion  to  worldly  interests  only. 

Selfishness — Nouns  of  Agent 
Dog  in  the  manger.     A  person  who  prevents  others  from  enjoying 

what  would  be  an  advantage  to  them,  but  is  none  to  him. 
Egoist.     One  who  has  a  very  exalted  opinion  of  himself. 
Egotist.     One  who  parades  the  love  of  himself  openly. 
Fortune-hunter.     One  who  seeks  to  acquire  wealth  by  marriage. 
Jobber.     One  who  turns  public  office  to  private  advantage 
Monopolist.     One  who  gains  sole  control  rf . 
Nepotist.     One  who  practises  nepotism 

Time-server.     One  who  obsequiously  complies  with  the  ruling  power. 
Tuft-hunter.     A  hanger-on  to  noblemen,  or  persons  of  quality 
Worldling.     One  devoted  to  this  world  and  its  enjoyments. 

Selfishness — Verbs. 
Be  selfish.     To  care  only  for  oneself.     See  Adjectives. 
Coddle  oneself.     To  treat  with  too  great  tenderness. 
Consult  one's  own  pleasure.     To  regard  one's  own  pleasure  in  doing 

or  not  doing  a  thing. 
Consult  one's  own  wishes.     To  care  only  for  self,  reeardless  of  others. 
Feather  one's  nest.     To  provide  selfishly  for  the  future. 
Give  an  inch  and  take  an  ell.     To  take     ore  than  belongs  to  one. 
Have  an  eye  10  the  main  chance.     To  look  out  for  one  s  own  interest 
Indulge  ineself.     To  cater  to  pride,  selfishness  etc. 


UNSELFISHNESS. 


1120 


UNSPEAKABLE. 


UNSELFISHNESS—  SELFISHNESS— Continued. 


Unselfishness — Adjectives. 
Chivalrous,     Sacrificing;  self-denying;  knightly. 
Disinterested.     Free  from  selfish  motives. 
Elevated.  I  Noble.minded>     See  Nouns. 
Exalted.    > 

Generous.     Liberal  in  giving. 
Great.     Philanthropic;  large-hearted. 
Handsome.     Noble ;  exhibiting  a  feeling  of  generosity. 
Heroic.     Brave;  courteous;  unselfish. 
High.     Exalted  in  action. 
High-minded.     Of  lofty  purpose. 
Large-hearted.     Full  of  brotherly  sympathy. 
Liberal.     Broad  in  views  or  sympathies.     See  Nouns. 
Lofty.     Elevated  in  purpose. 
Magnanimous.     Raised  above  what  is  low,  mean,  or  ungenerous, 

great-minded. 
Noble.     Grand;  having  a  contempt  for  everything  mean. 
Koble-ininded.     Honorable ;  magnanimous. 
Princely.     Exercising  the  qualities  of  a  prince. 
Self-denying.     Giving  up  one's  own  desires  for  the  good  of  others. 

See  Verbs. 
Self-devoted.     Unselfish. 

Self-sacrificing.     Losing  or  suffering  for  another.     See  Verbs- 
Spirited.     Bold;  courageous. 
Stoical.     Indifferent  to  pain  or  pleasure. 
Sublime.     Lofty;  noble. 

Unbought.     Not  influenced  by  bribery  or  favor. 
Unbribed.     Full  of  integrity;  upright. 

Uncorrupted.     Above  the  influence  of  bribes.     See  Uprightness. 
Unselfish.     Free  from  the  feeling  or  regard  for  one's  own  comfort  or 

advantage  alone. 

Unselfishness — Phrases. 
Canis  in  prcesepi  [L.L     Dog  in  the  manger. 
Grosse  Seelen  dulden  still  [G.].     Great  souls  suffer  in  silence. 
N on  nobis  solum  [L.].     Not  for  ourselves  merely. 


SELFISHNESS—  Continued  from  Column  2. 
Selfishness — Phrase. 
Apres  nous  le  deluge  [F.J.     After  us  the  deluge. 


SELFISHNESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Know  on  which  side  one's  bread  is  buttered.     To  look  after  one's  own 

interests. 
Look  after  one's  own  interests.     To  care  only  for  self. 
Please  oneself.     Gratify;  suit  one's  own  taste. 
Take  care  of  number  one .     To  be  selfish;  prejudiced. 

Selfishness — Adjectives. 

Alieni  appetens ,  sui  profusus  [L.fl.      Lavish    of   his   own   property 

while  coveting  that  of  others. 
Centered  in  self .     Narrow;  prejudiced. 
Covetous.     Greedy.    See  Extravagance-Avarice 
Earthly.     Material;  gross. 
Earthly-minded.     Limited  to  earthly  things. 

Elo™.}Pertainin«toself-W- 
Illiberal.     Not  generous. 
Interested.     Biased;  caring  for  self  only. 
Mean.     Low;  stingy. 
Mercenary.     Greedy  for  gain;  close-fisted. 
Mundane.     Worldly. 

Narrow-minded.     Unsympathetic;  bigoted. 
Self-indulgent.     Pleasing  only  one's  own  wishes. 
Self-interested.     Self-centered. 

Selfish.     Considering  only  one's  own  comfort  and  advantage. 
Self-seeking.     Seeking  self-interest. 

Time-serving.     Changing  one's  opinions  according  to  one's  advan- 
tage.    See  Nouns. 
Ungenerous.     Not  generous;  illiberal. 
Unspiritual.     Carnal-minded. 
Venal.     Capable  of  being  bought  for  money. 
Worldly.     Worldly-minded;  worldly-wise. 
Worldly-minded.)  ~     .       ,  ... 

Worldly-wise.      /  Cann8  for  Present  gain  and  enjoyment. 

Wrapt  up.     Altogether  devoted  to. 

Selfishness — Adverbs,  etc. 
From  interested  motives.     Selfishly, 
To  gain  some  private  ends.     For  one's  own  advantage. 
Ungenerously.     Selfishly.     See  Adjectives. 

{.Continued  on  Column  i.) 


un-sep'-ar-a''-ted.     Joined.     Cohesion-Looseness. 
un-ser'-vice-a-ble.      Useless.       Usefulness  -  Useless- 

NESS. 

un-serv'-i-ent.  Insubordinate.  Usefulness  -  Use- 
lessness. 

un-set'-tle.  Derange.  Organization-Disorganiza- 
tion. 

un-set'-tled.  Uncertain;  changeable.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Establishment  -  Removal,  Mutability- 
Stability;  unsettled  in  one's  mind,  Saneness- 
Lunacy. 

un-set'-tle-ment.  Vacillation.  Determination- Vac- 
illation. 

un-sev'-ered.     Uncut.     Whole-Part. 

un-sex'.     Unwoman.     Revolution. 

un-sha'-ded.     Clear.     Manifestation-Latency. 

un-sha'-ken.  Resolute.  Strength-Weakness;  un- 
shaken belief ,  Faith-Misgiving. 

un-shape'-ly.     Ugly.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

un-sha'-pen.     Deformed.     Form-Formlessness. 

un-shared'.     Not  shared.     Holding-Exemption. 

un-sheathe'.  To  draw  from  a  sheath.  Unsheathe  the 
sword,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

un-shield'-ed.     Exposed.     Security-Insecurity. 

un-shift'-ing.  Unchanging.  Discontinuance-Con- 
tinuance. 

un-ship'.     Remove.     Admission-Expulsion. 

un-shocked'.  Unshaken  by  horror.  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

un-shorn'.     Undipped.     Whole-Part. 

un-short'-ened.  Undiminished  in  length.  Length- 
Shortness. 

un-shrink'-ing.  Courageous.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Determination-Vacillation. 


un-sift'-ed.     Untried.     Carefulness-Carelessness. 

un-sight'-ly.     Deformed.     Beauty-Ugliness. 

un-singed'.     Not  scorched.     Conservation. 

un-skil'-ful.     Unclever.     Skill-Unskilfulness. 

un-skil'-ful-ness.  Awkwardness.  Skill-Unskilful, 
ness,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

un-slaked'.     Unabated.     Desire-Distaste.- 

un-sleep'-ing.  Wakeful;  active.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Persistence-Whim. 

un-smooth'.     Rough.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

un-so'-cia-ble.       Disagreeable.     Sociability-Privacy. 

un-so'-cial.     Disagreeable.     Sociability-Privacy. 

un-soiled'.     Unpolluted.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

un-sold'.     Not  sold.     Holding-Exemption. 

un-sol'-dier-like.     Cowardly.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

un"-so-lic'-i-tous.     Unconcerned.     Unconcern. 

un-solved'.     Unexplained.     Manifestation-Latency. 

un"-so-phis'-ti-ca"-ted.  Artless;  simple.  Craft-Art- 
lessness,  Mixture-Homogeneity,  Truth-Error. 

un-soughf.  Unasked.  Petition-Expostulation, 
Quest-Evasion. 

un-sound'.  Irrational;  erroneous.  Faultlessness- 
Faultiness,  Ratiocination-Instinct,  Truth-Er- 
ror, T*uthfulness-Fraud;  unsound  mind,  Sane- 
ness-Lunacy. 

un-sound'-ness.     Aberration.     Saneness-Lunacy. 

un-sown'.  Unplanted.  Preparation-Nonprepara- 
tion. 

un-spar'-ing.  Liberal;  severe;  abundant.  Enough, 
Generosity  -  Frugality,  Harshness  -  Mildness; 
with  an  unsparing  hand,  Extravagance- Avar- 
ice. 

un-speak'-a-ble.  Unutterable.  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance, Magnitude-Smallness. 


UNSPECIFIED. 


1121 


UNTRACEABLE. 


un-spec'-i-fied.  Not  particularly  mentioned.  Uni- 
versality-Particularity. 

un-spent'.     Unused.     Use-Disuse. 

un-spied'.     Unknown.     Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

un-spir'-it-u-al.  Worldly.  Materiality-Spiritual- 
ity, Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

un-spot'-ted.  Clean;  beautiful;  innocent.  Beauty- 
Ugliness,  Cleanness -Filthiness,  Innocence- 
Guilt. 

un-sta'-ble.  Irresolute.  Mutability-Stability,  Se- 
curity-Insecurity; unstable  equilibrium,  Muta- 
bility-Stability. 

un-staid'.     Fickle.     Mutability-Stability. 

un-stained'.  Pure.  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

un-states'-man-lute".  Untrained.  Skill-  Unskilful- 
ness. 

un-stead'-fast.  Not  firm.  Determination-Vacilla- 
tion. 

un-stead'-y.  Irresolute.  Determination-Vacilla- 
tion, Mutability-Stability,  Security-Insecurity. 

un-stint'-ed.     Abundant.     Enough. 

un-stint'-ing.     Liberal.     Enough. 

un-stirred'.  Passive.  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Sensitiveness- Apathy. 

un-stopped'.  Continued.  Aperture-Closure,  Dis- 
continuance-Continuance. 

un-stored'.      Unreplenished.     Excess-Lack. 

un-strained' .  Turbid;  relaxed.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness, Toil- Relaxation;  unstrained  meaning, 
Meaning-Jargon. 

un-strength'-ened.  Unsupported.  Strength-Weak- 
ness. 

un-struck'.     Unimpressed.     Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

un-strung'.     Weak.     Strength-Weakness. 

un-stud'-ied .      Natural.     Carefulness-Carelessness. 

un-sub'-ject.     Free.     Liberty-Subjection. 

un"-sub-miss'-ive.  Stubborn.  Insubordination- 
Obedience. 

un"-sub-serv'-i-ence.  Inexpediency.  Usefulness- 
Uselessness. 

un"-sub-serv'-i-ent.  Useless;  inexpedient.  Propriety- 
Impropriety,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

un"-sub-stan'-tial.  Unreal;  weak;  rare.  Entity-Non- 
entity, Fancy,  Solidity- Rarity,  Strength- 
Weakness,  Substance-Nullity,  Truth-Error. 

un"-sub-stan"-ti-al'-it-y.  Want  of  existence.  Plural- 
ity-Zero, Substance-Nullity. 

un"-suc-cess'-ful.     Fruitless.     Success-Failure. 

un"-suc-cess'-ive.  Not  consecutive.  Continuity-In- 
terruption. 

un-suit'-a-ble.  Incongruous.  Harmony- Discord; 
unsuitable  time,  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

un-suit'-ed.  Inopportune;  inharmonious.  Harmony- 
Discord.  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 

un-sul'-lied.  Unstained.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

un-sung'.     Not  sung.     Manifestation-Latency. 

un"-sup-plied'.     Unprovided  with.     Excess-Lack. 

un"-sup-port'-ed.  Weak.  Strength- Weakness; 
unsupported  by  evidence,  Evidence-Counterevi- 
dence. 

un"-sup-pressed'.  Unrestrained.  Mutation-Perma- 
nence. 

un"-sur-mount'-a-ble.  Unconquerable.  Possibility- 
Impossibility. 

ua"-sur-pass<;d'.  Unexcelled.  Magnitude  -  Small- 
ness,  Supremacy-Subordinacy. 

uu"-sus-ceD'-ti-ble.        Insusceptible.        Excitability- 

In'EXCIT  ABILITY,  SENSITIVENESS- APATHY. 

un"-sus-p<;ct'-ed.      Unthought  of.      Faith-Misgiving, 

Manifestation-Latency. 
un"-sus-pect'-ing.     Hopeful.      Faith-Misgiving,  San- 

guineness-Hopelessness. 
7i 


un"-sus-pi'-cious.  Unsuspecting.  Faith-Unbelief, 
Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

un"-sus-tain'-a-ble.     Erroneous.     Truth-Error. 

un-sweet'.    Sour.    Palatableness-Unpalatableness. 

un-swept'.     Dirty.     Cleanness-Filthiness. 

un-swerv'-ing.  Direct;  persevering.  Aim- Aberra- 
tion, Curvation-Rectilinearity,  Persistence- 
Whim. 

un"-sym-met'-ric.  Irregular.  Proportion-Deform- 
ity,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

un-sys'-te-mat"-ic.  Irregular.  Proportion-Deform- 
ity, Regularity-Irregularity. 

un-taint'-ed.  Pure;  healthy;  honorable.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Health-Sickness,  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

un-talked'  of.     Secret.     Manifestation-Latency. 

un-tamed'.  Unsubdued.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Taste- Vulgarity. 

un-tarn'-ished .  Honorable.  Uprichtness-Dishon- 
esty. 

un-tast'-ed.     Not  tasted.     Savor-Tastelessness. 

un-taught'.  Ignorant.  Knowledge- Ignorance, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

un-taxed'.     Not  taxed.     Costliness-Cheapness. 

un-teach'.  To  cause  to  forget  what  has  been  taught. 
Education-Miste  aching. 

un-teach'-a-ble.  Foolish;  unskilful.  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

un-teu'-a-ble.  Illogical.  Might-Impotence,  Ratioci- 
nation-Instinct, Yielding. 

un-ten"-ant-ed.  Uninhabited.  Holding-Exemption, 
Presence- Absence. 

un-thanked'.  Not  received  with  gratitude.  Thank- 
fulness-Thanklessness. 

un-thank'-ful.      Ungrateful.      Thankfulness-Tiia>  k- 

LESSNESS. 

un-thawed'.     Frozen.      Heat-Cold,  Solidity-Rarity. 

un-think'-ing.  Careless.  Reflection- Vacancy, 
Volition-Obligation. 

un-thought'  of.  Neglected.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness, Re  flection- Vacancy. 

un-threat'-ened.  Not  threatened.  Security- Inse- 
curity. 

un-thrift'-i-ness.  Indolence.  Extravagance- Ava- 
rice. 

un-thrift'-y.  Prodigal.  Extravagance-Avarice.  Prep- 
aration-Nonpreparation. 

un-throne'.     Dethrone.     Commission-Abrogation. 

un-ti'-dy.  Slovenly;  disordered.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness, Regularity-Irregularity. 

un-tie'.  Liberate.  Liberty-Subjection;  untie  the 
knot,  Difficulty-Facility. 

un-til'.  Up  to.  Duration-Neverness;  until  now, 
Time. 

un-tilled'.  Uncultivated.  Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration. 

un-time'-ly.  Ill-timed.  Opportuneness-Unsuita- 
bleness; untimely  end,  Life-Death. 

un-tinged'.     Simple.     Mixture-Homogeneity'. 

un-tired'.     Unexhausted.     Weariness-Refreshment 

un-tir'-ing.     Persisting.     Persistence-Whim. 

un-ti'-tled.    Without  a  title.     Gentility-Commonalty. 

un-told'.  Countless;  latent.  Certainty-Doubt,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Infinity,  Manifestation- 
Latency. 

un-touched'.  Unused;  insensible.  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy,  Use-Disuse. 

un-to'-ward.  Vexatious;  unfortunate.  Goodness- 
Badness.  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness,  Pleas- 
urableness-Painfulness,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

un-traced'.     Unmarked.     Manifestation-Latency. 

un-tracked'.     Unmarked.     Manifestation-Latency. 

un-tract'-a-ble.  Stubborn;  unskilful.  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy, Skill-LTnskilfulness. 


UNTRAINED. 


1122 


UP. 


un-trained'.      Unskilled.      Habit-Desuetude,  Prepa- 

RATION-NONPREPARATION,   SkILL-UnSKILFULNESS. 

un-tram'-meled.  Unimpeded.  Difficulty-Facilit-/, 
Liberty-Subjection. 

un"-trans-la'-ta-ble .  Incapable  of  being  differently 
rendered.      Interpretation-Misinterpretation. 

un"-trans-la'-ted.  Unchanged.  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation. 

un-trav'-eled.  Having  never  seen  foreign  countries. 
Movement-Rest. 

un-treas'-ured.     Deprived.     Excess-Lack. 

un-tried'.  New;  undecided.  Investigation  -  An- 
swer, Novelty-Antiquity. 

un-trimmed'.  Simple;  new.  Embellishment-Sim- 
plicity, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

un-trod'-den.  New;  impervious.  Aperture-Closure, 
Novelty-Antiquity,  Use-Disuse. 

un-troub'-led.  Quiet.  Strife-Peace,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

un-true'.  Erroneous.  Adage-Nonsense,  Truthful- 
ness -  Fabrication,  Truthfulness  -  Falsehood, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

un-trust'-worth-y.  Uncertain;  dangerous.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Security-Insecurity,  Truth-Error,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty. 

un-truth'.    Falsehood.    Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

un-tu'-na-ble.    Discordant.    Melody-Dissonance. 

un-turned'.    Straight.    Curvature-Rectilinearity. 

un-tu'-tored.  Untaught.  Craft-Artlessness,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance, Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

un-twine'.    Untwist.    Revolution-Evolution. 

un-twist'.    Separate.    Revolution-Evolution. 

un-used'.  Unaccustomed;  awkward.  Habit-Desue- 
tude, Skill-Unskilfulness. 

un-u'-su-al.  Uncommon.  Conventionality-Uncon- 
ventionality,  Habit-Desuetude. 

un-u'-su-al-ly.    Very.    Magnitude-Smallness. 

un-ut'-ter-a-ble.  Inexpressible.  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance, Magnitude-Smallness. 

un-val'-ued.  Undesired;  underrated.  Love-Hate, 
Overvaluation-Undervaluation,  Unconcern. 

un-van'-quished.  Unconquered.  Liberty- Subjec- 
tion. 

un-va'-ried.  Unchanged.  Discontinuance-Continu- 
ance, Force- Weakness,  Simplicity-Fi.oridness. 

un-var'-nished.  Plain.  Embellishment-Simplicity, 
Force-Weakness,  Truth-Error;  unvarnished  tale, 
Truth-Error,  Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

un-var'-y-ing.  Unchanging.  Discontinuance-Con- 
tinuance. 

un-veil'.    Disclose.    Exposure-Hidingplace. 

un-veil'-ing.    Disclosure.     Exposure-Hidingplace. 

un-ven'-ti-la"-ted .  Not  purified  by  a  free  current  of  air. 
Aperture-Closure. 

un'-ve-ra'-cious.  Untruthful.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

un-versed'.    Untaught.    Knoy'lfdce-Ignorance. 

un  vexed'.  Undisturbed.  Contentedness-  Discon- 
tentment. 

un-vi'-o-la"-ted.    Pure.    Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

un-vis'-it-ed.    Solitary.    Sociability-Privacy. 

un-wak'-ened .    Unaroused.    Activity-Indolence. 

un-war'-like.    Not  military.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

un-warmed'.    Cold.     Heat-Cold. 

un-warned'.  Uncautioned.  Expectation-Surprise, 
Security- Insecurity. 

un-warped'  judg'-ment.  Unbiased  judgment.  Sagac- 
ity-Incapacity. 

un-war'-rant-a-ble.  Unjust.  Law  -  Lawlessness, 
Right-Wrong. 

un-war'-rant-ed.  Illogical;  undue;  illegal.  Dueness- 
Undueness,  Law-Lawlessness,  Ratiocination- 
Instinct. 

un-wa'-ry.    Incautious.     Carefulness-Carelessness. 


un-washed'.  Dirty.  Cleanness-Filthiness;  great 
unwashed,  Gentility-Commonalty. 

un-wa'-sted.    Ample.    Enough. 

un-watch'-ful.  Heedless.  Carefulness -Careless- 
ness. 

un-wa'-ver-ing.    Firm.    Persistence-Whim. 

un-weak'-ened.    Strong.    Strength-Weakness. 

un-wea'-ried.  Assiduous.  Activity-Indolence,  Per- 
sistence-Whim, Weariness-Refreshment. 

un-wed'-ded.    Unmarried.    Matrimony-Celibacy. 

un-weed'-ed  gar-'den.  Not  clear  of  weeds.  Prep/  ra- 
tion-Nonpreparation. 

un-weet'-ing.    Ignorant.    Knowledge-Ignorance. 

un-weighed'.  Unconsidered.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness. 

un-wel'-come.    Disagreeable.    Pleasurableness-Paix- 

FULNESS. 

un-well'.    Sick.    Health-Sickness. 

un-whole'-some.  Diseased.  Healthiness-Unhealth- 
iness. 

un-wield'-y.  Ponderous;  awkward.  Beauty-Ugli- 
ness, Difficulty -Facility,  Greatness- Little- 
ness, Heaviness-Lightness,  Propriety-Impro- 
priety. 

un-will'-ing.  Reluctant.  Assent-Dissent,  Readiness- 
Reluctance. 

un-wiU'-ing-ly.  Reluctantly.  Readiness- Reluc- 
tance. 

un-will'-ing-ness.  Disinclination.  Readiness -Re- 
luctance. 

un-wind'.     Separate.    Revolution-Evolution. 

un-wiped'.    Not  wiped.    Cleanness-Filthiness. 

un-wise'.    Foolish.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

un-wished'.    Undesired.    Desire-Distaste. 

un-with'-ered.    Unfaded.    Strength-Weakness. 

un-wit'-ting.  Ignorant;  involuntary.  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Volition-Obligation. 

un-wit'-ting-ly.    Inadvertently.    Purpose-Luck. 

un-wom'-an-ly.    Unbecoming  a  woman.  Male-Female. 

un-wont'-ed.       Unusual.       Conventionality-Uncon- 

VENTIONALITY,  HaBIT-DesUETUDE. 

un-world'-ly.  Spiritually-minded.  Uprightness-Dis- 
honesty. 

un-worn'.    Unimpaired.    Strength-Weakness. 

un-wor'-shiped.    Dishonored.    Regard-Disrespect. 

un-worth'-y.  Base.  Reputation-Discredit,  Virtue- 
Vice;  unworthy  of  belief,  Revelation-Pseudorev- 
elation;  unworthy  of  notice,  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance. 

un-wrap'.    Straighten.    Curvation-Rectilinearity. 

un-wrink'-led.    Smooth.    Smoothness-Roughness. 

un-writ'-ten.  Oral;  hidden;  obliterated.  Enlighten 
ment- Latency,  Mark- Obliteration,  Speech- 
In  articulation. 

un-wrought'.  Not  manufactured.  Preparation-Non- 
preparation. 

un-yield'-ing.  Tough;  firm.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Hardness-Softness,  Reprisal- Resistance. 

up.  Erect;  aloft;  effervescing.  Erectness-  Flat- 
ness, Excitation,  Height-Lowness,  Viscidity- 
Foam;  all  up  with,  Creation-Destruction,  Fail- 
ure, Welfare-Misfortune;  prices  lookirg  up, 
Costliness-Cheapness;  the  game  is  up,  Welfare- 
Misfortune;  time  up,  Lastingness-Transient- 
ness;  up  and  at  them,  Attack-Defense;  up  and 
doing,  Activity-Indolence;  up  and  down,  Vibra- 
tion; up  in,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  up  in  arms,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Attack-Defense,  Fighting- 
Conciliation,  Opposition-Concurrence,  Prepa- 
ration- NONPREPARATION,     REPRISAL-  RESISTANCE; 

up  on  end,  Erectness-Flatness;  up  to,  Bravery- 
Cowardice,  Duration-Neverness,  Knowledge- 
Ignorance,  Might-Impotence,  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness;   up  to  one's  ears,  Excess-Lack;    up  to  one'* 


UP. 


1123 


UPRIGHTNESS— DISHONESTY. 


eyes,  Excess-Lack;  up  to.  snuff,  Craft-Artless- 
ness;  up  to  the  brim,  Entirety-Deficiency;  up  to 
the  mark,  Dueness-Undueness,  Enough,  Equality- 
Inequality,  Goodness-  Badness,  Skill-  Unskil- 
fulness;  up  to  this  time,  Duration  -  Neverness, 
Future-Past. 

u'-pas-tree".  A  tall  Javanese  tree  having  an  acrid 
milky  juice  which  contains  a  virulent  poison.  Rem- 
edy-Bane. 

up-bear/.  Support;  elevate.  Elevation-Depression, 
Suspension-Support. 

tip-braid'.    Reproach.    Approval-Disapproval. 

up-braid'-ing.    Reproach.    Approval-Disapproval. 

up-cast'.    Directed  up.    Elevation-Depression. 

up-grow*.  Grow  up.    Height-Lowness. 

up-growth'.  Development;  ascent.  Ascent- De- 
scent, Enlargement-Diminution. 

up-heave'.    Raise  aloft.    Elevation-Depression. 

up'-hill".  Ascent;  laborious.  Parallelism-Inclina- 
tion, Toil-Relaxation. 

up"-hill'.  Difficult.  Ascent-Descent,  Difficulty- 
Facility. 

up-hoist'.    Elevate.    Elevation-Depression. 

up-hold'.  Support;  defend.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Discontinuance  -  Continuance,  Divinity,  Evi- 
dence -  Counterevidence,  Obstruction  -  Help, 
Suspension-Support. 


up-hold'-er.    Defender.    Antagonist-Assistant. 

up-hol'-ster-y.  The  business  of  an  upholsterer.  Instru- 
ment. 

up'-land.    Highland.    Height-Lowness. 

up'-lands.    Highlands.    Height-Lowness. 

up-lift'.    Elevate.    Elevation-Depression. 

up-on'.  On;  after.  Upon  my  honor,  Assertion-De- 
nial; upon  my  oath,  Assertion-Denial;  upon 
which,  Antecedence-Posteriority,  Future-Past, 
Time. 

up'-per.  Above.  Gentility -Commonalty,  Height- 
Lowness,  upper  hand,  Dominance  -  Impotence, 
Rule-License,  Success-Failure;  upper  story, 
Mind-Imbecility,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Top-Bot- 
tom; upper  ten  thousand,  Gentility-Commonalty, 

SOCIETY-LUDICROUSNESS. 

up'-per-most.  Highest.  Top-Bottom;  say  what  comes 
uppermost,  Predetermination  -  Impulse;  upper- 
most in  mind,  Conception-Theme,  Heed-Disre- 
gard, Reflection-Vacancy;  uppermost  in  one'a 
thoughts,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

up-raise'.    Lift  up.    Elevation-Depression. 

up-rear'.    Elevate.    Elevation-Depression. 

up-right'.       Erect.       Erectness-Flatness,  Upright- 

NESS-DlSHONESTY. 

up-right'-ness.    Erectness.    Uprightness-Dishonesty. 


UPRIGHTNESS— DISHONESTY. 


Bona  fide    [L.J.     Good,  genuine  faith  or  sincerity. 

Candor.     A  disposition  to  treat  with  fairness  and  sincerity. 

Constancy.  Fixedness  of  mind;  firmness  in  one's  attachments  or 
loyalty. 

Delicacy.  Nice  propriety  in  conduct  or  manners;  a  careful  consid- 
eration of  others. 

Dignity.  Stately  impressiveness  in  bearing  or  air.  See  Reputa- 
tion. 

Equity.  A  giving  to  every  man  his  dues  impartially  and  freely  and 
as  much  to  one  as  another. 

Fairness.  A  showing  of  no  partiality  or  favoritism.  See  Adjec- 
tives. 

Fair-play.     Fair  or  just  opportunity. 

Faith.     Fidelity  to  duty  or  obligations;  good  faith. 

Faithfulness.  The  quality  of  being  firm  in  the  keeping  of  promises 
or  the  discharge  of  duties.     See  Adjectives. 

Fidelity.     Staunchness  in  loyalty  or  in  performance  of  duties,  etc. 

Good  faith.     Wholesome,  sound  faith  or  loyalty. 

Grace.     An  inherent  gift  of  beauty,  physical  or  moral. 

Honesty.  Fairness  and  uprightness  in  dealing  with  others;  freedom 
from  fraud  or  deceit. 

Honor.     A  delicate  sense  of  what  is  just,  true,  etc. 

Impartiality.     Freedom  from  bias;  equitableness. 

Incorruptibility.     Inflexible  adherence  to  right  conduct. 

Incorruption.     Absence  of  corruption. 

Integrity.     Moral  soundness,  complete  rectitude. 

Justice.     A  giving  to  each  what  he  deserves. 

Loyalty.     Constant  faithfulness  in  any  trust. 

Nicety.     Delicacy. 

Point.     Exactness. 

Principle.     An  established,  fixed  rule  of  right  action. 

Probity.     Tested  integrity;  tried  honesty. 

Punctilio.     Strictness  and  carefulness  in  observance  of  etiquette. 

Punctuality.     A  habit  of  being  punctual,  observance  of  promptness. 

Purity.     Freedom  from  moral  defilement. 

Rectitude.     Straightforwardness  in  conduct  or  morals. 

Respectability.     \  State  of  being  respectable,  of  having  a  good  name 

Respectableness.  J      and  fair  morals.     See  Adjective'!. 

Scruple.     Hesitation  regarding  moral  questions  or  duties. 

Scrupulosity.     Same  as  scrupulousness. 

Scrupulousness.     State  of  being  scrupulous.     See  Adjectives. 

Singleness  of  heart.     Freedom  from  duplicity. 

Trustworthiness.     State  of  being  worthy  of  trust.     See  Adjectives. 

Truth.     Sincerity. 

Uprightness       Moral  correctness  and  rectitude.     See  Adjectives. 

Veracity.     Habitual  observance  of  truth.     See  Truthfulness. 

Uprightness — Denotations. 

A  fair  field  and  no  favor.     A  fair  chance. 

Argumentum  ad  verecundiam  [L.fl.  An  argument  appealing  toone's 
modesty. 


Abjection.     State  of  being  abject;  despicableness. 

Apostasy.     Desertion    or    abandonment    of    party    or    principles 

See  Obstruction-Help. 
Bad  faith.     Faithlessness. 
Barratry.     An  unlawful  act  committed  by  the  master  of  a  ship 

whereby  the  owner  sustains  injury. 
Baseness.     State  of  being  base;  of  being  low  in  rank;  meanness 

See  Adjectives. 
Betrayal.     A  violation  of  confidence  or  trust. 
Breach  of  faith.     A  betrayal  of  confidence  or  implied  trust. 
Breach  of  promise.     Failure  to  fulfil  a  promise  to  marry. 
Breach  of  trust.     "Violation  by  fraud  or  omission  of  any  duty  i» 

posed  upon  a  trustee. 
Corruption.     Loss  of  integrity;  wickedness. 
Debasement.     A  lowering  of  value;  deterioration  in  purity. 
Deviation  from  rectitude.     Guiltiness. 
Disgrace.     A  condition  of  reproach  or  shame.     See  Reputatioi 

Discredit. 
Dishonesty.     Want  of  honesty;  insincerity;  fraud. 
Dishonor.     Want  of  honor;  degradation. 
Disloyalty.     Want  of  loyalty;  inconstancy. 
Double-dealing.     Treachery;  deception. 
Faithlessness.     State   of   being   without   faith   or  constancy.     Set 

Adjectives. 
Fishy  transaction.   A  doubtful  or  incredible  business,  like  a  fish-story. 
Foul  play.     Conduct  that  is  intended  to  take  others  at  an  unfair 

advantage. 
Fraud.     Deception  purposely  practised  to  gain  an  advantage.      See 

Truthfulness-Fraud. 
Heads  I  win,  tails  you  lose.     An  artful  trick. 
High  treason.     Treachery  toward  a  sovereign  or  government. 
Improbity.     Want  of  probity,  dishonesty. 
Infidelity.     Lack  of  fidelity ;  lack  of  faith. 
Jobbery.     Practise  of  low  intriguing. 
Jobbing.     A  working  for  one's  advantage  under  the  pretense  of 

doing  for  others. 
Judas  kiss.     A  hypocritical  and  deceitful  mark  of  affection.     [Bible] 
Knavery.     Small  dishonesty,  roguery,  like  that  of  a  body-servant 
Laxity.     Want  of  firmness;  licentiousness. 

Lying.     Telling  what  is  untrue.     See  Truthfulness-  Falsehood 
Mala  fides  [L.].     Bad  faith. 
Moral  turpitude.     Inherent  moral  baseness. 
Mouth  honor.     Flattery.     See  Adulation. 
Nepotism.     Undue  distinction  in  favor  of  relatives. 
Non-observance.     Neglect  to  fulfil  or  observe. 
Perfidiousness.     The  state  of  being  perfidious.     See  Adjectives. 
Perfidy.     The  state  of  violating  faith  ;  faithlessness. 
Prodition.     Treachery. 
Punica  fides  [L.t     Punic  faith. 

Punic  faith.      Faith  nf  the  Carthaginians  is  seen  at  Rome  ;  tre  c'.'.cry 
Rascalit7.     St,atc  of  being  a  rascal;  low  trickery. 


UPRIGHTNESS. 


1124 


UPRIGHTNESS— DISHONESTY. 


UPRIGHTNESS—  DISHONESTY—  Continued. 


UPRIGHTNESS—  Bmxotatioxs— Continued. 

Brick     A  first-rate  fellow. 

Clean  hands.     Marks  of  uprightness. 

Court  of  honor.     A  person  or  council  adjudicating   a  question    of 

honor  as  to  privileges  of  conduct. 
Fidus  Achates  [L.J.     Faithful  Achates.    [Virgil.J     Brotherly. 
Galantuomo  [It.].     A  gentleman. 
Gentleman.     A  man  of  honor. 

Man  of  his  word,  j  A  man  whose  verbal  promise  binds  him  as  much 
Man  of  honor,      i      as  an  oath. 

Point  of  honor.     A  question  of  honor  affecting  a  detail  of  conduct. 
Preux  chevalier  [F.J.     A  valiant  knight. 
Tender  conscience.     A  conscience  easily  touched. 
True  Briton.     An  honorable  man. 
Truepenny.     An  honest  fellow. 
Trump.     A  very  satisfactory  person. 

Uprightness — Verbal  Expressions. 
Audire  alteram  partem   [L.],  to  hear  the  other  side;    be  as  good  ai 
one's  promise;  be  as  good  as  one's  word;  be  honorable  (see  Adjec- 
tives); deal  fairly;  deal  honorably;  deal  impartially;  deal  squarely; 
do  one's  duty  (see  Virtue);  give  and  take;  give  the  devil  his  due; 
keep  faith  with;    keep  one's  promise;    keep  one's  word;  make  a 
point  of;  not  fail;  put  the  saddle  on  the  right  horse;  redeem  one's 
pledge;   redound  to  one's  honor;   show  a  proper  spirit;   speak  the 
truth  (see  Truthfulness);    tell  the  truth  and  shame  the  devil: 
vitam  impendere  veto  [L.],  to  risk  one's  life  for  the  truth. 
Uprightness — Adjectives. 
As  good  as  one's  word.     Reliable. 
Candid.     Free  from  bias  or  prejudice. 

Chivalrous.     Having  the  qualities  of  an  ancient  knight;  gallant. 
Conscientious.     Governed  by  conscience,  or  by  the  sense  of  right  and 

wrong. 
Constant.     Steady  in  purpose;  faithful 
Constant  as  the  Northern  Star.     Always  steady. 
Correct.     Free  from  wrong;  consonant  with  what  is  right. 
Equitable.     Characteristic  of  equity;  conforming  to  the  principles  of 

equity 
Even-handed.     Impartial. 
Fair.     Showing  no  partiality;  just. 
Fair  and  above  board.     Impartial  and  open. 
Faithful.     Trusty  in  any  duty  or  position. 
Fide  et  fi-ducia  [L.J.     By  fidelity  and  confidence. 
Frank      Candid  and  sincere. 

Gentlemanlike.     Suited  to  a  gentleman;  honorable. 
High-minded.     Magnanimous. 
High-principled.     Furnished  with  good  principles. 
High-spirited.     Full  of  spirit. 
Honest      Fair   and   straightforward  in   dealings  with   others:  free 

from  deceit. 
Honest  as  daylight.     Very  honest. 
Honorable.     Conforming   to    what   honor   would    demand:  having 

excellent  motives. 
Impartial.     Showing  no  favors*  disinterested. 
Incorruptible.     Incapable  of  being  corrupted  or  defiled. 
Innocent.     Without  fault.     See  Innocence 
Integer  vita  scelerisque  purus  [L.].      Unimpaired  in  vigor  and  free 

from  crime  [Horace,  Odes,  I,  xxii,  i.J 
Inviolable.  Not  to  be  injured  or  profaned. 
Inviolate.     Not  violated. 

Jealous  of  honor.     Earnestly  guarding  honor. 
Just.     Conformable  to  the  principles  of  law  or  justice. 
Justus  et  tenax  propositi  [L.J     A  just  man  and  one  tenacious  of  his 

purpose.     [Horace,  Odes,  Ill.iii,  i.J 
Loyal.     Constant  and  reliable  in  the  performance  of  duties 
Nice.     Refined  in  habits  or  manner. 
Open  and  above  board.     Dealing  fair. 

Open-hearted.     Disclosing  one's  thoughts;  candid  and  kind 
Overscrupulous.     Scrupulous  to  excess. 
Punctilious.     Very  nice  in  regard  to  etiquette. 
Punctual.     Exact  in  respect  to  the  appointed  time. 
Pure.     Free  from  corruption  or  moral  depravity. 
Religious.     Given  to  religion ;  pious;  strict. 
Reputable.     Having  a  good  reputation;  honorable. 
Respectable.     Deserving  respect;  having  fair  excellence. 
Right.     In  accordance  with  the  will  of  God  or  the  moral  law. 
Right-minded.     Having  an  honest  mind. 

Sans  peur  et  sans  reproche    [F.J.     Without    fear    and  without  re- 
proach 
Scrupulous.     Hesitating  to  violate  conscience. 
Square.     Rendering  justice;  just. 
Stainless.     Without  stain  or  crime. 


Roguery.     Practise  of  a  rogue;  mischievousnest. 

Shabbiness.     Meanness;  despicableness. 

Sharp  practise.     Artful  dealing. 

Shuffle.     1  „,  ,  .  .  .       . 

Shuffling  J  hanging  one  s  position;  prevaricating. 

Treachery.     Conduct  that  is  treacherous;  fairness  in  appearano* 

but  wicked  in  character. 
Trimming.     Double-dealing. 
Turpitude.     Inherent  vileness  or  baseness. 
Unfairness.     Want  of  impartiality.     See  Adjectives. 
Venality.     State  of  being  venal  or  purchasable. 
Villainy.     Depravity;  conduct  of  a  villain. 

Dishonesty — Verbs. 


To  be  destitute  of  integrity  or  good  faith.     Sea  A  dim 


Be  dishonest. 

fives. 

Betray.     To  break  faith ;  to  violate  promises. 
Break  one's  faith.      "j 

Break  one's  promise.  >To  be  faithless  or  dishonest. 
Break  one's  word.      i 

Degrade  oneself.     To  lower  in  purity;  debase. 
Demean  oneself.     To  conduct  oneself  meanly. 
Derogate  oneself.     To  lessen  one's  value. 
Disgrace  oneself.     To  bring  shame  upon  oneself. 
Dishonor  oneself.     To  deprive  of  honor. 
Forswear.     To  swear  falsely. 
Go  over  to  the  enemy.     To  be  a  traitor. 

Grovel.     To  creep  on  the  earth;  take  pleasure  in  what  U  low. 
Jilt,     To  be  capricious;  discard,  as  a  lover. 
Live  by  one's  wits.     To  have  no  steady  means  of  maintenance. 
J*ose  caste.     To  lose  social  position ;  to  be  degraded. 
Play  false.     To  be  dishonest  with. 
Sail  near  the  wind.     On  the  verge  of  falsehood. 
Seal  one's  infamy.     To  be  forever  disgraced. 
Sell  oneself.     To  take  bribes. 
Shuffle.     To   go   from    one   side   to   another;  to   prevaricate      Sm 

Truthfulness-Falsehood. 
Sneak.     To  act  cowardly;  to  behave  meanly. 
Stoop.     To  condescend  to  meanness. 

Dishonesty — Adjectives, 

Abject.     Sunk  to  a  mean  condition;  groveling. 

Arrant.     Very  bad;  notoriously  depraved. 

Base.     Low  in  rank  or  character;  mean. 

Base-minded.     Low  in  thoughts;  ignoble. 

Beneath  one.     Unworthy  of. 

Blackguard.     Suited  to  a  blackguard;  low;  vile. 

Contemptible.     Worthy  of  disdain;  despicable. 

Corrupt.     Of  an  impure  character;  depraved. 

Crooked.     Not  straight  in  character  or  morals;  dishonest. 

Dark.     Concealed;  mysterious. 

Dead  to  honor.     Debased . 

Debased.     Lowered  in  character  or  purity. 

Degraded.     Made  mean;  lowered  in  moral  purity. 

Derogatory.     Detracting;  injurious  to  one's  reputation. 

Dirty.     Morally  filthy;  vile. 

Disgraceful.     Full  of  disgrace;  causing  disgrace.     See  Reputation* 

Discredit. 
Dishonest.     Wanting  honesty;  deceptive. 
Dishonorable.     Bringing  dishonor;  discreditable. 
Disingenuous.     Not  frank,  sincere,  or  candid. 
Disloyal,     Lacking  loyalty;  faithless. 
Double-faced.     Deceitful. 

Double-tongued.     Having  duplicity  of  speech. 
Faithless.     Not  observing  one's  obligations,  untrustworthy 
False.     Not  true  or  faithful;  deceptive. 
False-faced.     Hypocritical. 

False-hearted.     False  in  character  or  disposition. 
Fishy.     Doubtful;  improbable;  foul. 
Foul.     Offensive  to  the  moral  sense;  unfair. 
Fraudulent.     Practising     fraud;  deceitful.     See    Truthfulkbs* 

Fraud. 
Groveling.     Crawling  on  the  earth;  mean;  base. 
Ignominious.     Deserving  ignominy  or  public  disgrace. 
Indign.     Unworthy. 

Infamous.     Having  a  bad  reputation,  having  no  honor 
Infra  dignitatem  [L.J.     Beneath  one's  dignity. 
Inglorious.     Without  glory  or  honor. 

Insidious.     Lying  in  wait  to  do  harm ,  stealthy  in  doing  harm     wn* 
Knavish.     Like  a  knave;  roguish,  dishonest. 
Little.     Small  in  dignity;  contemptible. 
Lost  to  shame.     Utterly  depraved. 


UPRIGHTNESS. 


1125 


UPRIGHTNESS— ROGUE. 


UPRIGHTNESS—  DISHONESTY— Continued. 


UPRIGHTNESS—  Adjectives— Continued. 

Staunch.     Firm  and  steadfast  in  principle. 

Straightforward.     Going  in  a  straight  path;  frank.     See  Craft-Art- 

lessnbss. 
Strict.     Conforming  scrupulously  to  a  principle. 
Supramundane.     Situated  above  our  world;  celestial. 
Tender-conscienced.      Having  a  sensitive  conscience. 
To  be  depended  upon.      Honorable. 
True.      Conformable  to  fact;  steady  in  respect  to  principles  and 

friendships. 
True  as  the  needle  to  the  north.     Upright. 
True-blue      Of  inflexible  principles;  loyal. 
True-hearted.     Of  a  true  and  loyal  heart. 
True  to  one's  colors.      Uncompromisingly  loyal. 
True  to  the  core.     Honorable  to  the  heart. 
Trusty.     Faithful  to  duty. 
Trustworthy,     Worthy  of  trust  or  confidence. 
Unbetrayed.     Having  no  trust  or  confidence  violated. 
Unbought.     Uncorrupted. 

Unbribed.     Not  corrupted  with  money  or  rewards. 
Unbroken.     Not  having  lost  credit. 

UncoSupt;d.}Freefrombribery- 
Undebauched.     Not  corrupt  in  morals. 
Undefined.     Not  polluted  or  filthy. 
Undepraved.     Not  made  worse;  uncorrupted. 
Unperjured.     Not  swearing  to  what  one  knows  is  untrue. 
Unstained.     Not  stained;  untouched  by  crime. 
Unsullied.     Untarnished;  unspoilt. 
Untainted.     Not  infected  by  a  physical  or  moral  taint. 
Untarnished.     Not  tarnished,  without  its  purity  destroyed. 
Unviolated.     Not  broken;  unprofaned. 
Unworldly.     Not  worldly;  spiritual. 
Upright.     Correct  in  morals  or  conduct. 

Veracious.     Disposed  to  speak  the  truth  from  habit.     See  Truth- 
fulness. 
Virtuous.     Characterized  by  virtue.     See  Virtue. 

Uprightness —  Adverb. 
Honorably.     With  honor.     See  Adjectives. 

Uprightness — Phrases. 
Ab  ulla  fraude  [L  ].     Without  fraud. 
Bene  qui  latuit  bene  vixit  [L.J.     He  who  has  lived  obscure  has  lived 

well.     [Ovid,  Tristia,  III,  iv.  25  J 
Bona  fide  [L.J      In  good  faith. 
Bonne  foi  [F.\.     Good  faith. 

Cassis  tutissima  virtus  [L.J.     The  safest  helmet  is  virtue. 
Conscia  mens  recti  [L.J.     A  mind  conscious  of  rectitude.     [Ovid.] 
Constantia,  basis  virtutum    [L.J.      Constancy  is    the  basis   of  the 

virtues. 
Foro  conscientia  [L.].     In  the  realm  of  conscience. 
Gentilhomme    [F.J.     Gentleman. 
Honesta  mors  turpi  vita  potior  [L.J,     Honorable  death  is  better  than 

base  life.     [Tacitus,  Agricola,  xxxiii,  25.] 
Honor  bright.    In  good  faith. 
Loyal  en  tout  [F.J.     Loyal  in  everything. 
LoyautS  me  oblige  [F.J.     Loyalty  binds  me. 
On  the  square.     With  exactness  and  fairness. 
Parole  d'honneur  [F.J,     Word  of  honor. 
Probitas  laudatur  et    alget  [L.J.      Integrity  is  praised  and  freezes. 

{Juvenal,  I,  74-1 
With  clean  hands.     Guiltless. 


DISHONESTY— Adjectives—  Continued 

Low-minded.     Entertaining  low  sentiments  and  base  motiv 

Low-though  ted.     Having  low  thoughts. 

Machiavellian.     Relating  to  Machiavelli;  unscrupulous. 

Mean.     Ignoble  in  character;  without  honor. 

Mongrel.  Of  mixed  breed:  ofttimes  used  as  an  epithet  of  con- 
tempt. 

Of  bad  faith. 

One-sided.     Having  only  one  side;  partial;  unfair. 

Paltry.     Trifling;  contemptible. 

Perfidious.     Violating  one's  obligations;  faithless. 

Perjured.     Having  sworn  falsely. 

Pettifogging.     Conducting  in  a  mean  and  tricky  manner. 

Rascally.     Worthy  of  a  rascal;  base. 

Recreant.     Apostate;  crying  for  mercy;  craven. 

Scabby.     Full  of  scabs;  mean,  vile. 

Scrubby,     Stunted;  small  and  mean. 

Scurvy.     Covered  with  scabs;  contemptible. 

Shabby.     Ill-dressed;  despicable. 

Slippery.     Evading  one;  tricky. 

Sneaking.     Acting  with  cowardice;  cringing. 

Time-serving.  Complying  to  the  demands  of  the  times  without 
regard  to  principle. 

Tortuous.     Having  twists;  hence,  erratic. 

Treacherous.     Having  good  appearance,  but  bad  by  nature. 

Trothless.     Without  good  faith ;  not  keeping  a  pledge. 

Trustless,     Not  worthy  of  trust;  faithless. 

Truthless.     Faithless. 

SSSStfSf"}  Net  befitting;  not.uiUble. 

Unbeseeming.     Not  becoming  or  proper. 

Unchivalric.     Unbecoming  an  ideal  knight;  ungallant. 

Unconscientious.     Not  governed  by  conscience. 

Undignified.     Without  dignity. 

Unfair.     Marked  by  dishonesty  or  fraud. 

Unfaithful.     Manifesting  absence  of  faith. 

Ungentlemanhke . )  Unbentting  the  nianner  of  a  gentleman. 

Unhandsome.     Ungenerous;  ungracious. 

UnmanftIy"  i  Without  gallant  or  noble  qualities. 

Unscrupulous.     Without  any  scruple  or  caution. 

Untrustworthy.     That  cannot  be  depended  on. 

Venal.     Capable  of  being  bribed. 

Vile.     Low,  mean. 

Wicked,     Evil  in  principle;  sinful. 

Dishonesty — Adverbs,  etc. 

By  crooked  paths.     Deceitfully. 

Dishonestly.     In  a  dishonest  manner. 

Like  a  thief  in  the  night.      Secretly;  treacherously. 

Mala  fides  [L.J.     In  bad  faith. 

Dishonesty — Interjection. 
O  temporal  O  mores /  [L.J,     O  times!  O  customsl      [Cicero,  Catiline. 

Dishonesty- — Phrases. 

Male  porta,  male  dilabuntur   [L.J.     Gains    ill-gotten    are  ill  made 

away  with.     [Na^vius.] 
Venalis  populus,  venalis  curia  patrum  [L.J.     Venal  the  people,  venal 

the  council  of  the  fathers. 


UPRIGHTNESS— ROGUE. 


Rogue. 

Arch-traitor.     A  chief  traitor. 

Bad  man.  One  who  is  opposed  to  all  that  is  good  and  acts  accord- 
ingly.    See  Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

Betrayer.     One  who  betrays. 

Blackguard.     A  vile,  abusive  person.     See  Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

Catiline.  A  conspirator;  fronr  Catiline,  the  Roman  conspirator 
made  famous  by  Cicero. 

Conspirator.     One  who  secretly  plots  a  crime. 

Jerry  Sneak,     A  watch-snatcher. 

Judas.     A  friend  who  betrays,  from  Judas,  betrayer  of  Christ. 

Knave.     A  sly,  dishonest  fellow. 

Lazarillo  de  Tormes  [It.  ]      A  sneak :  after  a  noted  one  of  that  name. 

Mischief-maker.     One  who  stirs  up  trouble 

Rascal.     A  tricky,  contemptible  person. 

Recreant.     A  faithless  person. 


Renegade.     One  who  deserts  a  party  or  faith.     See  Bigotry-Apos 

TASY. 

Reptile.     A  sneaking  or  morally  repulsive  person. 

Rogue.     A  man  of  no  principle  or  honesty. 

Scapin.     An  intriguing  person:  after  a  scheming  valet  of  that  name 

in  comedy. 
Serpent.     An  insinuating,  artful  person. 

Snake  in  the  grass.     A  treacherous  m<m  who  hides  his  evil  designs. 
Sneak.     A  crafty  coward. 

Sycophant.     A  base  flatterer.     See  Presumption-Obsequiousness. 
Telltale.     One  who  tattles. 
Traitor.     One  who  betrays  a  trust. 
Trimmer.     One  who  deserts  principle  for  gain. 
Truant.     One  who  shirks  a  duty. 
Wolf  in  sheep's  clothing.     A  treacherous  man  who  puts  on  an  appear 

ance  of  good. 


UPRISE. 


1126 


USE— DISUSE. 


up-rise'.    Uprising.    Ascent-Descent. 

up-ris'-ing.  Insurrection.  Insubordination-Obedi- 
ence. 

up'-roar".  Tumult.  Loudness-Faintness,  Regular- 
ity-Irregularity, Turbulence-Calmness. 

up-roar'-i-ous.  Excitable.  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility,  Loudness-Faintness,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

up-root'.    Eradicate.    Injection-Ejection. 

ups  and  downs  of  life.  Successes  and  reverses.  Occur- 
rence-Destiny, Welfare-Misfortune. 
"p-set'.  Arouse;  destroy;  disconcert.  Creation-De- 
struction, Elevation-Depression,  Excitation, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Reversal,  Success-Fail- 
ure. 

up-shot'.  Result.  Cause-Effect,  Completion-Non- 
completion,  Decision-Misjudgment. 

up-side'  down.  Topsy-turvy.  Regularity-Irregu- 
larity, Reversal. 

up'-stairs".  An  upper  story  of  a  house.  Height-Low- 
ness. 

up'-start".  Parvenu.  Gentility-Commonalt'y,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune. 

up-turn'.    Upset.    Reversal,  Top-Bottom. 

up'-wards.  Toward  a  higher  place;  more.  Height- 
Lowness,  Plurality- Fraction,  Supremacy-Sub- 
ordinacy. 

u-ram'-ic.    Pertaining  to  the  heavens.    Universe. 

u"-ra-nog'-ra-phy.    Astronomy.    Universe. 

u-ran'-o-hth.    Meteorite.    Astronomy. 

u"-ra-nol'-o-gy.    Astronomy.    Universe. 

ur'-ban.    Civic.    Dweller-Habitation. 

ur-bane'.  Courteous.  City-Country,  Politeness-Im- 
politeness. 

ur-ban'-i-ty.  Courteousness.  City,  Sociability -Pri- 
vacy. 


urbis  condita  anno  [L.]  (ur'-bis  con'-di'-ti  an'-no) .  In 
the  year  when  the  city  was  founded;  time  from 
which  the  Romans  reckoned  time.  Duration-Nev- 
erness. 

ur'-ce-us.    Water-jug.    Contents-Receiver. 

ur'-chin.  A  mischievous  boy.  Good  Man-Bad  Man, 
Greatness-Littleness,  Infant- Veteran,  Jove- 
Fiend. 

urge.  Impel;  beg.  Hurry-Leisure,  Impetus-Reac- 
tion, Motive-Caprice,  Petition-Expostulation, 
Turbulence-Calmness. 

ur'-gen-cy.  Hurry;  need;  importance.  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Hurry-Leisure,  Need. 

ur'-gent.  Important;  solicitous.  Consequence -In- 
significance, Hurry-Leisure,  Need,  Petition- 
Expostulation. 

urn.  Vase,  used  "by  ancients  to  hold  ashes  of  the  dead. 
Contents-Receiver,  Life-Funeral,  Oven-Refrig- 
erator; cinerary  urn,  Life-Funeral. 

Ur'-sa  Ma'-jor.  The  Great  Bear;  constellation. 
Astronomy. 

u'-sage.  Custom;  use.  Habit-Desuetude,  Use-Dis- 
use. 

u'-sance.  Time  allowed  in  certain  countries  for  the  pay- 
ment of  bills  of  exchange  drawn  on  those  countries. 
Credit-Debt. 

use.  Habit;  employ.  Habit-Desuetude,  Property, 
Provision-Waste,  Use-Disuse,  Usefulness-Use- 
lessness;  be  of  use  to,  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence; in  use,  Use-Disuse;  make  good  use  of,  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration; use  aright,  Dueness-Un- 
dueness;  use  one's  discretion,  Choice-Neutrality, 
Volition-Obligation;  use  one's  endeavor ,Venture; 
use  up,  Use-Disuse. 


USE— DISUSE. 


Adhibition.     Application. 

Agency.     Means  of  action.     See  Agency. 

Appliance.     The  act  of  putting  to  use. 

Application.     The  act  or  process  of  bringing  into  actual  use. 

Avail.     Use  for  a  practical  purpose. 

Consumption.      Use  resulting  in  entire  destruction. 

Disposal.     Assigning  to  a  use. 

Disposition.     The  act  of  using  for  a  particular  purpose. 

Employ.     Fixed  or  regular  service. 

Employment.     The  act  of  making  use  of  as  an  instrument  or  agent. 

ixercitetion.  1  A  cm™  out  int0  use' 

Recourse.     Use  of  efforts,  labor,  or  art  to  a  certain  purpose. 
Resort.     The  use  of  something  as  a  means. 
Service.     The  act  or  quality  of  being  of  use. 
Usage.     The  act  of  using. 

Use.     The  act  of  employing  for  the  accomplishment  of  a  purpose. 
Usefulness.     The  state  of  serving  for  a  purpose.     See  Usefulness. 
Usufruct.     The  right  of  using  something  belonging  to  another  with- 
out wasting  its  substance. 
Utilization.     The  act  of  making  useful. 
Wear.     Consumption  by  use. 

Use — Verbs. 

Absorb.     To  use  up  entirely. 

Adhibit.     To  put  to  use. 

Apply.     To  use  for  a  particular  purpose. 

Avail  oneself  of.     To  use  to  one's  own  advantage. 

Betake  oneself  to.     To  have  recourse  to. 

Bring  into  play.     To  begin  to  make  use  of. 

Bring  to  bear  upon.     To  use  effectively  upon. 

C  all  forth.     To  bri  ng  forth  into  use . 

Call  into  play.     To  bring  into  use. 

Consecrate.     To  set  apart  solemnly  for  sacred  use. 

Consume.     To  destroy  gradually  by  use. 

Convert  to  use.     To  turn  to  use. 

Dedicate.     To  set  apart  for  any  use. 

Devote.     To  surrender  completely  for  some  use. 

Dispose  of .     To  make  over  for  some  one*s  use. 

Draw  forth.     To  call  into  use. 


Abstinence.     The  practise  of  keeping  from  using  certain  things. 
Desuetude.     The  cessation  of  use.     See  Habit-Desuetude. 
Disuse.     Want  or  neglect  of  use. 

Forbearance.     Not  using  what  there  is  a  desire  to  use. 
Relinquishment.      A    cessation    of   use   without   the   intention   01 
resuming.     See  Quest-Abandonment. 

Disuse — Verbs. 

Abstain.     To  not  use  at  all. 

Cast  overboard.     To  throw  away. 

Cast  to  the  dogs.     To  throw  away  contemptuously. 

Cast  to  the  winds.  To  throw  away  as  something  of  little  weight  or 
importance. 

Discard.  To  turn  away  as  undesirable.  See  Admission-Expul- 
sion. 

Dismantle.     To  render  useless  by  depriving  of  essential  parts.     Se« 

USEFULNESS-USELESSNBSS. 

Dismiss.     To  put  out  of  some  position. 

Dispense  with.     To  do  without. 

Disuse.     To  cease  to  use  or  practise. 

Do  without.     To  use  not  at  all. 

Forbear.     To  disuse  something  for  which  one  has  a  liking. 

Give  warning.     To  give  notice  of  dismissal. 

Have  done  with.     To  cease  intercourse  with. 

Heave  overboard.     To  get  rid  of. 

Keepback.     To  hold  backfrom  use. 

Lay  ridC'  1  T°  st0re  up  for  future  Use* 

Lay  on  the  shelf.     To  retire  ignominiously. 

Lay  up.     To  store  up  for  future  use. 

Lay  up  in  a  napkin.     To  store  up  to  no  advantage.     TBible.) 

Lay  up  in  ordinary. 

T    .     ,       *   f  To  desist  from. 
Let  alone.  ' 

Lie  unemployed .     To  go  without  employment. 

Make  away  with.     To  destroy. 

Neglect.     To  disuse  through  carelessness  or  oversight. 

Not  touch,  j  N  handle  or  deal  with. 

Not  use.      t 

Put  aside .     To  store  up  for  future  use. 


USE. 


1127 


USEFULNESS— USELI   >SNESS. 


USE—  DISUSE— Continued. 


USE— Verbs— Continued, 


DISUSE— Verbs—  Continued. 


Employ.     To  use  an  instrument  or  agent. 

Enlist  into  the  service.     To  come  into  one's  employ. 

Exercise.     To  use  actively  in  order  to  train  or  develop. 

Exert.     To  put  into  active  use. 

Expend.     To  use  for  a  great  purpose. 

Fall  back  upon.     To  return  to  the  use  of. 

Handle.     To  use  the  hands  upon. 

Have  recourse  to.     To  turn  to  for  use  in  exigency  or  trouble. 

Lay  one's  hands  on.     To  make  use  of. 

Make  a  cat's  paw  of.     To  employ  as  an  agent  for  one's  own  purpose. 

Make  a  handle  of.     To  make  use  of  a  person. 

Hike  a  shift  with.     To  use  as  a  last  recourse. 

Make  the  best  of.  )  „,  .    _»    - - 

Make  the  most  of.)  To  use  to  the  be8t  advanta8<=- 

Make  use  of.     To  use  as  an  agent  or  a  means. 

Manipulate.     To  use  with  the  hands. 

Mold.     To  form  into  a  particular  shape. 

Play.     To  use  without  special  aim. 

Play  off.     To  put  in  exercise. 

Ply.     To  use  with  diligence. 

Practise.     To  perform  regularly. 

Press  into  the  service .     To  force  into  use. 

Profit  by.     Gain  something  useful  by. 

Put  in  action        j  Tq  ^  in  tQ  make  active  use  of 

Put  in  operation.  ' 

Put  in  practise.     To  make  use  of. 

Put  into  requisition.     To  make  the  use  of  necessary. 

Put  to  task.     To  put  to  use. 

Put  to  use.     To  make  use  of . 

Recur  to.     To  betake  oneself  to. 

Render  useful.     To  make  useful.     See  Usefulness. 

Resort  to.     To  have  recourse  to. 

Set  in  motion.     To  put  in  operation. 

Set  to  work.     To  put  to  work. 

Swallow  up.     To  occupy. 

Take  advantage  of.     To  make  the  best  use  of. 

Take  to.     To  resort  to. 

Take  up  with.     To  be  contented  to  use. 

Task.     To  impose  labor  upon. 

Tax.     To  subject  to  severe  labor. 

Try.     To  undertake  to  use. 

Turn  to  account.     To  use  to  advantage. 

Turn  to  use.     To  apply  to  use. 

Use      To  employ  for  the  accomplishment  of  a  purpose; 


Remain  unemployed.     To  continue  without  employment. 

Reserve.     To  keep  back  for  the  present. 

Set  aside.     To  put  aside  for  future  use. 

Shelve.     To  postpone  indefinitely. 

Spare.     To  refrain  from  using  or  spending. 

Supersede.     To  take  the  place  of. 

Throw  aside.     To  part  with.     See  Quest-AbandoNmbnt. 

Throw  overboard.     To  get  rid  of. 

Waive.     To  relinquish  temporarily. 

Disuse — Adjectives. 

Disused.     Not  used. 

Done  with.    Finished, 

Not  required.     Unnecessary. 

Hot  used.     Not  in  service. 

Unapplied.     Not  used  according  to  the  intention. 

Uncalled  for.     Not  required  or  needed, 

Unculled.     Not  gathered. 

Undisposed  of.     Not  distributed  or  bestowed. 

Unemployed,     Not  used  for  any  purpose. 

Unessayed .     Unattem  pted . 

Unexercised.     Not  yet  put  into  use. 

Ungathered.     Not  collected. 

Unspent.     Not  wasted  by  use. 

Untouched.     Not  meddled  with. 

Untrodden.     Not  used  by  people  in  walking. 


USE — Verbs — Continued. 

Use  up.     To  consume. 

Utilize.     To  turn  to  a  practical  use. 

Wear.     To  consume  away  by  use. 

Wield.     To  use  with  great  effect. 

Work.     To  make  use  of  labor  on. 

Work  up.     To  use  in  the  process  of  manufacture. 

Use — Adjectives. 
In  use.     Made  use  of  at  the  present  time. 

Subservient.     Adapted  for  an  especial  use.     See  Instrumentality 
Used.     Made  use  of. 

Useful.     Serving  a  use.     See  Usepulness. 
Well-worn.     I  .,     ,         , 
Well-trodden.)  Muchused' 


USE— MISUSE. 


Misuse. 
Abuse.     Misuse  in  an  unnatural  manner. 
Desecration.     The  misuse  of  sacred  things. 
Misapplication.     The  act  of  devoting  to  a  wrong  use. 
Misappropriation.     Wrongful  use. 
Misemployment.     Misuse  for  a  bad  purpose. 
Misusage.     Ill-treatment. 
Misuse.     A  wrong  use. 

Profanation.     An  irreverent  use  of  sacred  things. 
Prostitution.     Misuse  for  vile  or  bad  purposes. 
Waste.     Misuse  of  money  in  an  extravagant  manner. 
sion-Waste. 

Misuse — Verbs. 
Abuse.     To  misuse  in  an  unnatural  manner. 
Desecrate.     To  misuse  sacred  things  as  common. 
Misapply.     To  devote  to  a  wrong  use. 
Misappropriate.     To  use  for  a  wrong  purpose. 
Misemploy.     To  misuse  for  a  bad  purpose. 


See  Provi- 


Misuse.     To  put  to  a  wrong  use. 

Overtask.     To  require  too  much  labor  from. 

Overtax.     To  misuse  some  one  by  imposing  a  severe  strain. 

Overwork.     To  misuse  by  giving  too  much  work  to. 

Profane.     To  misuse  sacred  things  in  an  irreverent  manne 

Prostitute.     To  misuse  for  vile  or  bad  purposes. 

Squander.     To  misuse  money  in  a  profusely  extravagant  mi 

See  Extravagance. 
Waste.     To  use  money  with  foolish  extravagance. 

Misuse — Adjectives, 
Misused,  etc.     Devoted  to  wrong  use.     See  Adjectives, 

Misuse — Phrases. 
Catch  at  a  straw. 
Cut  blocks  with  a  razor. 
Employ  a  steam-engine  to  crack  a  nut. 

Ludere  cum  sacris  [L.].     To  sport  with  things  sacred. 


used  up.  Wearied.  Betterment-Deterioration,  De- 
sire -  Repletion,  Lightheartedness  -  Dejection, 
Weariness-Refreshment. 

used  to.    Accustomed.    Habit-Desuetude. 

use'-ful.      Helpful;    beneficial.      Good-Evil,  Health- 


Sickness,    Inclination,    Instrumentality,    Use- 
Disuse,  Usefulness-Uselessness;     render  useful, 
Use-Disuse,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 
use'-ful-ness.     Utility;   benefit.     Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Use-Disuse,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 


USEFULNESS-USELESSNESS. 


Adequacy.     The  quality  of  coming  up  to  the  point  of  utility. 
Applicability.     The  quality  of  being  fit  to  be  used  for  a  particular  pur- 
pose. 
Avail.     Advantage. 
Common  weal.     The  general  welfare. 


Abusefulness.     Lack  of  usefulness. 
Disservice.     Injury;  harm. 

Futility.     The  quality  of  producing  no  valuable  result. 
Inadequacy.     The  quality  of  being  too  insufficient  to  be  usefuL      S*a 
Excess- Lack. 


USEFULNESS. 


1128 


USEFULNESS— USELESSNESS. 


USEFULNESS— USELESSNESS— CWiWrf. 


Cut  bono  [L.  J.  For  what  good  ?  For  whose  good  ?  The  fundamen 
tai  inquiry  of  utilitarians. 

Efficacy.     Power  to  produce  effects  having  utility. 

Efficiency.     The  relative  amount  of  utility  of  anything. 

function.  The  special  phase  in  which  something  possesses  utility. 
See  Business. 

£elp.  Utility  which  one  person  gives  another.  See  Obstruction- 
Help. 

Money's  worth.     Full  degree  of  utility;  exchangeable  value. 

Productiveness.  The  quality  of  possessing  utility  for  producing. 
See  Fertility. 

Service.     Any  work  resulting  in  utility  for  another. 

Stead.     Considerable  utility. 

Step  in  the  right  direction.     A  useful  action. 

Subservience.  The  state  of  helping  as  a  subordinate.  See  Instru- 
mentality. 

Use.     The  quality  of  gratifying  human  desires. 

Usefulness.     The  quality  of  serving  for  a  purpose. 

Utilitarianism.  Devotion  to  the  greatest  good  of  the  greatest  number. 

Utility.     Fitness  to  gratify  human  desire. 

Utilization.  The  state  of  being  made  to  serve  some  practical  pur- 
pose.    See  Use. 

Value.     Utility,  power  to  gratify  human  desires. 

Worth.     Quality  of  anything  which  renders  it  useful.   See  Goodness. 

Usefulness — Verbs, 

Act  a  part.     To  be  of  some  degree  of  utility.    See  Action. 

Answer  a  purpose.     To  serve  for  use. 

Answer  one's  turn.     To  possess  utility  for  a  personal  end.         , 

Avail.     To  be  of  use  for  a  purpose. 

Bear  fruit.     To  possess  utility  in  production.     See  Creation. 

Benefit.     To  be  useful  to. 

L*stead.     To  be  of  use  to. 

Be  the  making  of.     To  be  of  great  use  in  developing. 

Be  useful.     To  be  full  of  use  or  advantage. 

Bring  grist  to  the  mill.     To  bring  gain  or  profit. 

Conduce.     To  tend  to  be  useful.     See  Liability. 

Discharge  a  function.     To  perform  a  duty. 

Do  a  good  service.     To  be  of  great  use  to. 

Do  a  service.     To  be  of  use  to. 

Find  one's  account  in.     \  ™    -    ,        ,  c   . 

Find  one's  advantage  i  n.  J  To  find  one  s  *ain  or  Profit  in- 

Help.     To  furnish  assistance. 

Perform  a  function.     To  perform  a  duty. 

Profit.     To  be  of  material  use. 

Reap  the  benefit  of.     To  get  an  advantage  from.     See  Betterment. 

Remunerate.     To  repay  justly. 

Render  a  good  service.     To  be  of  great  use  to  another. 

Render  a  service.     To  be  of  use  to  another. 

Render  useful.     To  cause  to  be  useful.     See  Use. 

Serve.     To  be  of  use  for. 

Serve  a  purpose.     To  be  of  use  for  an  end. 

Serve  one's  turn.     To  be  of  temporary  personal  use. 

Stand  one  in  good  stead.     To  be  of  considerable  advantage  for. 

Subserve.     To  serve  in  an  inferior  capacity.     See  Instrumentality. 

Usefulness — Adjectives. 

Adaptable.     Capable  of  being  adjusted  to  some  use. 
Adequate.     Equal  to  what  is  required. 
Advantageous.     Affording  utility.     See  Goodness. 
Applicable.     Capable  of  being  brought  into  actual  use. 
At  hand.     Available  for  immediate  use. 
Available.     Capable  of  being  used. 

Commodious.     Well  suited  to  the  purpose  for  which  made. 
Conducive.     Tending  to  be  useful. 
Effective.     Producing  a  decided  consequence. 
Effectual.     Capable  of  producing  an  effect. 
Efficacious.     Possessing  the  quality  of  being  efficient. 
Efficient.     Actively  operative. 

Expedient.     Useful  in  promoting  a  desired  end.     See  Propriety-Im- 
propriety. 
Gainful.     Producing  profit. 
Good  for.     Useful  for. 
Handy.     Convenient  for  use. 
Of  all  work.     Adapted  for  all  kinds  of  work. 
Of  use.     Advantageous. 
Proficuous.     Proficient  or  useful. 
Profitable.     Producing  profit. 

Prolific.     Producing  in  abundance.     See  Fertility. 
Remunerative.     Making  a  proper  profit. 
Serviceable.     That  can  be  used  for  a  purpose. 
Subservient.     Serving  as  a  subordinate.     See  Instrumentality. 


Inanity.     The  quality  of  being  devoid  of  sense. 

Inaptitude.     Unfitness  for  use. 

Inefficacy.     Want  of  power  to  produce  the  proper  or  desired  result. 

Inefficiency.     The  quality  of  being  incapable  of  effective  action.    See 

Might-Impotence. 

Ineptitude.     The  quality  of  being  unfit  for  use. 

Inutility.     The  quality  of  being  useless. 

Labor  in  vain.     Useless  labor. 

Labor  lost. 

Labor  of  Sisyphus.     Never-ending  useless  labor. 

Lost  labor.     t  TT    .       ,  , 
t     .  *       .  i     i   Useless  labor. 
Lost  trouble.) 

Mere  farce.     Something  inconsequential. 

Nugacity.     Trifling  talk  or  behavior. 

Sleeveless  errand.     A  useless  errand. 

Supererogation.     Doing  more  than  is  called  for.     See  Excess. 

Tautology.     Unnecessary  repetition.     See  Repetition. 

Triviality.     The  quality  of  being  almost  useless.     See  Consequence- 

Insignificance. 
Unfruitfulness.     The   quality  of  not  producing  any  results.     See 

Creation. 
Unskilfulness.     Lack  of  skill.     See  Might-Impotence. 
Unsubservience.     The  quality  of  not  being  subordinately  useful. 
Uselessness,  etc.     Incapability  of  serving  any  beneficial   purpose. 

See  Adjectives. 
Vanitas  vanitaUim  [L.].     Vanity  of  vanities.      [Bible.] 
Vanity.     The  quality  of  being  unproductive  of  any  useful  results. 
Wild-goose  chase.     The  pursuit  of  something  impossible  to  attain. 
Work  of  Penelope.      Never-ending  useless  labor;    she  raveled  by 

night  what  she  wove  by  day.     [Homer,  Odyssey, ,] 
Worthlessness.     The  quality  of  having  no  utility  or  value. 

Uselessness — Denotations. 

Blunt  tool.     A  tool  whose  edge  has  become  dull. 

Broken  meat.     Meat  left  over  a  meal. 

Button-top.     A  knob  like  a  button  on  the  end  of  a  foil  that  makes  It 
useless  as  a  weapon. 

Caput  mortuum  [L.].     A  deadhead;  worthless  residue. 

Cast-off  clothes.     Clothes  no  longer  wanted  or  used. 

Debris.     Accumulated  fragments;  ruins. 

Dregs.     Worthless  residuum.     See  Cleanness-Filthiness, 

Dust-hole.     A  place  where  dust  collects. 

Fruges  consumere  natus  [L.].     Born  merely  to  consume  the  fruits  of 
the  earth.     See  Activity-Indolence.    [Horace,  Epistles,  I,  ii,  27.) 

Leavings.     Things  left. 

Litter.     Waste  materials  scattered  about. 

Lumber.     Discarded  household  goods. 

Odds  and  ends.     Fragments,  remnants,  and  scraps. 

Offscourings.     Rejected  matter. 

Orts.     Leavings  of  little  value. 

Rags.     Worn  or  shabby  clothing. 

Refuse.     Anything  discarded  as  worthless. 

Rubbish.     Waste,  refuse,  or  rejected  matter. 

Rubbish- heap.     A  collection  of  rejected  or  refuse  matter. 

Rubble.     Rough  irregular  pieces  of  broken  stone. 

Scourings.     Material  rubbed  off  in  rubbing  or  scouring. 

Shoddy.     Fiber  remanufactured  from  shredded  rags. 

Stubble.     The  stubs  of  grain-stalks  after  the  grain  has  been  cut 

Sweepings.     A  collection  of  particles  swept  up. 

Tares.     Weeds  that  grow  among  wheat. 

Trash.     Worthless  or  waste  matter  of  any  kind. 

Waste.     Something  rejected  or  not  needed. 
Waste  paper.     Paper  that  cannot  be  used. 
Weeds.     Plants  that  are  injurious  to  crops. 

Uselessness — Verbs, 
Battre  Veau  avec  un  baton    [F.].     To  beat  the  water  with  a  stick; 

do  useless  work. 
Bay  the  moon.     To  bark  at  the  moon;  waste  breath  in  idle  vaunt- 
ing.   *'  I  had  rather  be  a  dog  and  bay  the  moon,  than  such  a  Ro- 
man."    [Shakespeare,  Julius  C&sar,  IV,  iii.] 
Beat  the  air.     To  make  useless  motions. 
Be  useless,  etc.     To  be  of  no  service.     See  Adjectives. 
Carry  coals  to  Newcastle.      To  render  a  useless  service  by  giving 

something  superfluous.     See  Redundancy.       . 
Cast  pearls  before  swine.     To  waste.     [Matthew  vii,  6. J 
Clip  the  wings.     To  deprive  of  power  of  service. 
Cripple.     To  render  useless  by  maiming. 
Disable.     To  render  useless  by  making  i  ncapable  of  service. 
Dismantle.     To  render  useless  by  stripping  of  equipments. 
Dismast.     To  deprive  of  masts. 

Dismount.     To  throw  down,  as  a  rider  from  a  horse,  or  a  cannon  from 
its  mounting. 


USEFULNESS. 


1129 


USURPED, 


USEFULNESS— USELESSNESS— CffHJjnww*. 


USEFULNESS— Adjectives—  Continued. 

Subsidiary.     Giving  aid  in  an  inferior  capacity.     See  Obstruction- 
Help. 
Tangible.     Capable  of  being  possessed  or  realized. 
Useful.     Serving  a  use  or  purpose. 
Valuable.      Possessing  qualities  that  are  useful. 
Worth  one's  salt.     Of  some  service  or  advantage. 

Usefulness — Adverbs,  etc. 

Pro  bono  publico  [L.].     For  the  public  good. 
Usefully, etc.     With  advantage. 


USELESSNESS — Adjectives — Continued  from  Column  a. 

Inoperative.     Not  acting  so  as  to  produce  an  effect. 
Inservient.f  tj„1(«_ 
Inutile.       J  Useless. 

Leading  to  no  end.     Without  any  aim . 

Not  worth  a  straw.)  ~,.    .  . 

Not  worth  having.  J  Entirely  useless. 

Not  worth  powder  and  shot.     Not  worth  an  effort. 

Obsolete.     Gone  out  of  general  use. 

Of  no  avail.     Useless.     See  Usefulness. 

Of  no  earthly  use.     Entirely  worthless. 

Past  work.  Useless  from  exertion  in  the  past.  See  Deteriora- 
tion. 

Priceless.     Useless  because  of  great  price. 

Profitless.     Void  of  gain  or  advantage. 

Stale  flat,  and  unprofitable.      [Hamlet,  I,  Hi.] 

Subservient.      Useful  in  an  inferior  capacity. 

Superfluous.     More  than  is  useful.     See  Excess. 

Thrown  away.  Of  too  little  value  to  have  been  kept.  See  Provi- 
sion-Waste. 

Unavailing.     Not  having  the  desired  effect. 

Uncalled  for.     Not  required  or  needed. 

Unexceeded.     Not  surpassed. 

Unnecessary.     Not  required  under  the  circumstances. 

Unproductive.  Of  no  use  in  bringing  forth.  See  Fertility-Ster- 
ility. 

Unprofitable.     Producing  no  improvement  or  advantage. 

Unsalable.     Not  capable  of  being  sold. 

Unserviceable.     Not  capable  of  being  put  to  service. 

Unservient.     Useless. 

Unsubservient.     Not  of  use  in  an  inferior  capacity. 

Vain.     Having  no  useful  results. 

Valueless.     Of  so  little  use  as  to  have  no  value. 

Worthless.     Without  any  value. 

Uselessness — Adverbs,  etc. 
To  little  or  no  purpose.  \ 
To  little  purpose.  >  Uselessly. 

Being  of  no  use.     See  Adjectives. 


To  no  purpose. 

Uselessly,  etc. 


Uselessness — Phrases. 
Actum  neagas  [L.].     Do  not  do  what  is  done.     [Terence.] 
Chercher  une  aiguille  dans  une  botte  de    join  [F.].     To  look  for  a 

needle  in  a  haystack. 
Cut  bono  [L. ].     Of  what  good;  for  whose  good. 
Tanto  buon  che  vol  niente  [It.fl.     So  good  as  to  be  worth  nothing. 
What's  the  good. 


USELESSNESS— Verbs— Continued. 

Disqualify.     To  render  useless  by  depri  ving  of  qualifications. 
Bonner  un  coup  d'epee  dans  I'eau  [F.J.     To  strike  the  water  with  a 

sword;  to  perform  a  useless  action. 
Drop  a  bucket  into  an  empty  well.     To  seek  where  there  is  no  chance 

of  finding. 
Fail.     To  prove  inadequate.     See  Success-Failure. 
Fish  in  the  air.     To  attempt  a  useless  task. 

Go  a  begging.     To  be  superfluous.     See  Excess.  \ 

Hold  a  farthing  candle  to  the  sun.     To  enter  into  a  useless  competi  1 

tion.     "  How    commentators  each  dark  passage  shun  and  lioid  * 

their    farthing    candle  to    the    sun."      [Young,  Love  of  Fame, 

vii,  97.] 
Kick  against  the  pricks.     To  make  useless  opposition.     [Bible.] 
Labor  in  vain.     To  perform  useless  work. 

Lame.     To  disable  in  a  limb.     See  Betterment-Deterioration. 
Lash  the  waves.     To  do  useless  work. 
Lock  the  stable  door  when  the  steed  is  stolen.     To  take  precautions 

too  late.     See  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness. 
Milk  the  ram.     To  attempt  a  useless  task. 
Preach  to  the  winds.     To  speak  in  vain. 

Put  out  of  gear.     To  render  useless  by  putting  out  of  working  condi- 
tion. 
Render  useless.     To  make  incapable  of  use. 
Roll  the  stone  of  Sisyphus.     To  be  engaged  in  a  never-ending  useless 

task. 
Se  battre  contre  des  moulins  [F.].     To  fight  against  windmills;    to 

attempt  the  impossible.      [Don  Quixote.} 
Seek  after  impossibilities.     To  seek  what  cannot  be  found. 
Sow  the  sand.     To  devote  one's  energies  uselessly,  as  Ulysses  did. 
Speak  to  the  winds.     To  speak  with  no  possibility  of  influencing  any 

one. 
Spike  guns.     To  render  guns  useless  by  stopping  their  vents. 
Strive  after  impossibilities.     To  make  an  effort  for  what  cannot  be 

attained. 
Unrig.     To  render  useless  by  removing  the  rigging. 
Use  vain  efforts.     Make  useless  attempts. 
Washa  blackamoor  white.     To  attempt  the  impossible. 
Whistle  jigs  to  a  mile-stone.     To  make  an  idle  and  useless  attempt. 

Uselessness — Adjectives. 

Abortive.     Brought  forth    prematurely.       See    Preparation-Non- 

preparation. 
Bootless.     Of  no  advantage  or  use. 
Dear  at  any  price.     Of  little  value  or  use. 
Effete.     Worn  out  and  incapable  of  further  use. 
Empty.     Without  force  or  use. 

Fit  for  the  dust-hole.     Useless  enough  to  be  thrown  away. 
Fruitless.     Unproductive  of  good  results. 
Futile.     Of  no  avail. 
Gainless.      Producing  no  profit. 
Good  for  nothing.     Of  absolutely  no  use. 
Hors  de  combat  [P.J,     Unfit  for  further  use. 
Ill-spent.     Spent  to  no  advantage. 
Inadequate.     Not  sufficient  for  use. 
Inane.     Wanting  in  understanding. 
Incompetent.     Unable  to  do  what  is  required. 
Ineffectual.     Not  productive  of  effect. 

Inefficacious.      Not  capable  of  producing  the  desired  or  proper  effect. 
Inefficient.     Not  capable  of  effective  action. 
Inept      Not  suitable  for  a  purpose. 

{Continued  on  Column  1.) 


use'-less.  Worthless.  Sagacity-Incapacity,  USEFUL- 
NESS-USELESSNESS. 

use'-less-ness.    Inutility.    Usefulness-Uselessness. 

use'-less-ly.    In  vain.    Usefulness-Uselessness. 

u'-ser .   One  who  uses.    Right  of  user,  Property. 

ush'-er.  Servant;  one  who  conducts  persons  to  their 
seats;  under-teacher.  Admission-Expulsion,  Chief- 
Underling,  Instructor-Pupil,  Politeness-Impo- 
liteness; usher  in,  Beginning-End,  Leading-Fol- 
lowing, Precedence-Succession,  Prophecy;  usher 
into  the  world,  Creation-Destruction. 

usque  ad  nauseam  [L.]  (us'-qui  ad  nau-'shi-am).  To  the 
point  of  very  nauseation.  Desire-Distaste,  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness. 

us"-tu-la'-tion.    Drying.    Heating-Cooling. 


u'-su-al.  Customary.  Conventionality-Unconven- 
tionality,  Habit-Desuetude. 

u'-su-fruct.    Use.    Use-Disuse. 

u'-su-rer.  Money-lender  who  charges  an  illegal  rate 
Credit-Debt,  Dealer,  Extravagance- Avarice, 
Loan-Borrowing. 

u-su'-ri-ous.  Practising  usury.  Extra vagance- Ava- 
rice. 

u-surp'.  Seize  illegally.  Dueness-Undueness,  Harsh- 
ness-Mildness, Taking-Restitution  ;  usurp  au- 
thority, Rule-License. 

u"-sur-pa'-tion.  Forcible  seizure  of  kingly  power. 
Dueness-Undueness,  Harshness-Mildness,  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness, Rule-License. 

u-surped'.    Seized.    Dueness-Undueness. 


USURPER. 


1130 


UXORIOUS. 


u-surp'-er.   An  impostor.    Dueness-Undueness. 

u'-su-ry.    Exorbitant  interest.    Credit-Debt. 

u-ten'-sil.  A  useful  article.  Contents-Receiver,  In- 
strument. 

uti  possidetis  [L.]  (yu'-tai  pos-sid-i'-tis) .  Right  of  pos- 
session. Holding-Exemption,  Keeping-Relin- 
quishment,  Mutation-Permanence. 

u-til"-i-ta'-ri-an.  Pertaining  to  utilitarianism.  Humani- 
tarianism-Misanthropy. 

u-til"-i-ta'-ri-an-ism.    Usefulness.    Humanitarianism- 

MlSANTHROPY. 

u-til'-i-ty.  Usefulness.  Good-Evil,  Propriety-Impro- 
priety, Usefulness-Uselessness;  general  utility, 
Acting. 

u"-til-i-za'-tion.  Using.  Use-Disuse,  Usefulness- 
Uselessness. 

u'-til-ize.    Make  use  of.    Use-Disuse. 

ut'-most.  Of  the  highest  degree.  Supremacy-Subordi- 
nacy;  deserted  in  one's  utmost  need,  Affluence- 
Penury;  do  one's  utmost,  Toil-Relaxation;  in 
one's  utmost  need,  Welfare-Misfortune;  utmost 
height,  Top-Bottom. 


U-to'-pi-a.  An  imaginary  island  having  a  perfect  social 
and  political  system :  described  by  Sir  Thomas  More. 
Fancy,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

U-to'-pi-an.  Fanciful.  Fancy,  Sanguineness-Hope- 
lessness. 

U-to'-pi-an-ism.    Quality  of  being  visionary.    Fancy. 

U-to'-pist.   A  dreamer.    Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

u'-tri-cle.  Sac-like  cavity  found  in  the  labyrinth  of  the 
internal  ear.    Contents-Receiver. 

ut'-ter.  Extreme;  issue;  speak.  Exposure-Hiding- 
place,  Gathering-Scattering,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness,  Money,  Publicity,  Talkativeness-Inarticu- 
lateness, Vocalization-Muteness. 

ut'-ter-ance.    Expression.    Vocalization-Muteness. 

ut'-ter-ly.    Completely.    Entirety-Deficiency. 

ut'-ter-most.  Farthest.  Magnitude-Smallness;  to 
the  uttermost  parts  of  the  earth,  Extension-Dis- 
trict, Remoteness-Nearness. 

ux-o'-ri-ous.  Extravagantly  devoted  to  one's  wife, 
or  to  wives,  like  that  "uxorious  king,"  Solomon. 
[Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  i,  444.]     Love-Hate. 


VACANCY 


1131 


VALOROUS. 


va'-can-cy.  Emptiness.  Excess-Lack,  Mind-Imbe- 
cility, Presence-Absence. 
-va'-cant.  Empty;  stupid;  void.  Excess-Lack,  Mean- 
ing-Jargon, Presence- Absence,  Reflection- 
Vacancy,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Substance-Nul- 
lity; vacant  hour,  Hurry-Leisure;  vacant  mind, 
Sagacity-Incapacity. 

va'-cate.  Displace.  Arrival-Departure,  Commis- 
sion-Retirement, Establishment-Removal,  Pres- 
ence-Absence. 

▼a-ca'-tion.     Repose.     Toil-Relaxation. 

vac'-ci-nate.  To  inoculate  with  virus  of  cowpox 
Remedy-Bane. 

vac'-cine.     Virus  of  cowpox.     Fauna-Flora. 

vache  [F.]  (vash).  A  milch  cow.  Contents- Re- 
ceiver. 

Vac'-il-late.  Be  irresolute.  Determination-Vacil- 
lation, Mutability-Stability,  Vibration. 

vac'-il-la"-ting.  Wavering.  Determination- Vacil- 
lation. 

vac"-il-la'-tion.  Unsteadiness.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Certainty-Doubt,  Mutability-Stability,  Vibra- 
tion. 

vac'-u-ate.     To  empty.     Arrival-Departure. 

va-cu'-i-ty.     Emptiness.     Presence-Absence. 

vac'-u-ous  Empty.  Presence -Absence,  Sub- 
stance-Nullity. 

vac'-u-um.     Emptiness.     Presence-Absence. 

vade  in  pace  [L.]  (ve'-di  in  pe'si).  Depart  in  peace. 
Release-Restraint. 

vade  mecum  [L.]  (ve'-di  mi'-cum).  Go  with  me;  guide- 
book.    Enlightenment-Secrecy,  School. 

va'-di-um.     Property  pledged  as  security.     Security. 

vcb  vichs  [L.]  (vi  vic-tis).  Woe  to  the  vanquished. 
Charitableness-Menace,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

vag'-a-bond,  Wanderer;  rogue.  Gentility- Com- 
monalty, Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Wayfarer-Sea- 
farer. 

vag'-a-bond"-age.  Worthlessness.  Traveling-Navi- 
gation. 

Vag'-a-bond"-ism.  Vagabondage.  Traveling-Navi- 
gation. 

va-ga'-ry.  Caprice.  Adage-Nonsense,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Fancy,  Persistence- Whim. 

va-gi'-tus.  First  cry  of  new-born  infant.  Infant- 
Veteran,  Cry-Ululation. 

va'-gran-cy.  The  state  of  a  vagrant.  Aim-Aberra- 
tion, Traveling-Navigation. 

va'-grant.  Vagabond;  wandering.  Aim-Aberration, 
Mutability-  Stability,  Traveling  -  Navigation, 
Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

vague.  Uncertain;  obscure.  Certainty-Doubt, 
Clearness  -  Obscurity,  Perspicuity  -  Obscurity, 
Ratiocination-Instinct;  vague  suggestion,  Hy- 
pothesis. 

vague'-ness.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  vague. 
Certainty-Doubt,  Meaning-Jargon,  Perspicuity- 
Obscurity. 

vail.  Veil;  donation;  reward.  Environment-In- 
terposition,  Exculpation-Punition,   Giving-Re- 

CEIVING. 

vain.  Showy;  worthless.  Conceit-Diffidence, 
Entity-Nonentity.  Reputation-Discredit,  Un- 
concern, Usefulness-Uselessness;   labor  in  vain, 


Success- Failure,  Transcursion- Shortcoming. 
Usefulness-Uselessness;  take  a  name  in  vain, 
Politeness- Impoliteness;  use  vain  efforts,  Use- 
fulness-Uselessness; vain  attempt,  Success 
Failure;  vain  expectations,  Expectation-Disap 
pointment. 

vain-glo'-ri-ous.  Boastful.  Bragging,  Conceit-Dif- 
fidence, Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

vain-glo'-ry.  Empty  pride.  Conceit-Diffidence 
Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

vain'-ly.     With  vanity.     Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

vai'-vode.     A  liege  prince.     Chief-Underling. 

va'-kass.  Vestment  used  in  the  Armenian  Church.  Vest- 
ments. 

va-keel'.  An  Oriental  commissioner.  Chief-Under- 
ling. 

vak'-ka.     Canoe.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

val'-ance.     Damask.     Border. 

vale.  Valley.  Convexity-Concavity;  vale  of  years, 
Infancy-Age 

valeat  quantum  [L.]  (vc'-li-at  quan'-tum).  What  it  is 
worth.     Evidence-Counterevidence. 

valeat  quantum  valere  potest  [L.]  (ve'-li-at  quan'-tum 
va-li'-ri  po'-test).  Let  it  pass  for  what  it  is  worth. 
Differentiation-Indiscrimination. 

val"-e-dic'-tion.  Farewell.  Arrival-Departure 
Politeness-Impoliteness. 

val"-e-dic'-tc-ry.  Bidding  farewell.  Arrival-De- 
parture. 

val'-en-tine.  A  lover  or  love-token  on  St.  Valentine'i 
day,  February  14.      Blandishment. 

val'-et.     Body-servant.     Chief-Underling. 

valet  anchora  virtus  [L.]  (ve'-let  an'-ko-rc  vir'-tvs  . 
Virtue  an  effectual  anchor.     Refuge-Pitfall. 

valet  de  chambre  [F.]  (va-lt'  de  shcuvbr').  Body- 
servant.     Chief-Underling. 

valet  de  place  [F.]  (va-le'  de  plas).  Courier.  Enlight- 
enment-Secrecy, Interpreter. 

valete  ex  plaudile  [L.]  (va-li'-ti  et  plau'-di-ti).  Fare- 
well and  appfaud.     Approval-Disapproval. 

val"-e-tu"-di-na'-ri-an.  Invalid.  Health-Sickness, 
Healthiness-Unhealthiness. 

val"-e-tu"-di-na'-ri-an-ism.  Infirmity.  Health- 
Sickness.  , 

val"-e-tu'-di-na-ry.  An  infirm  person.  Healthiness- 
Unhealthiness. 

Val-hal'-la.     Hall  of  the  slain.     Heaven-Hell. 

val'-iant.     Brave.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

val'-id.  Sound.  Enough,  Might-Impotence,  Muta- 
bility-Stability, Strength-Weakness,  Truth- 
Error;  valid  reasoning,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

val'-id-ate.  To  ratify.  Might-Impotence,  Strength- 
Weakness. 

va-lid'-i-ty.     Strength.     Might-Impotence. 

va-lise'.     Traveling-bag.     Contents-Receiver. 

val'-ley.  Depression.  Convexity-Concavity;  val- 
ley of  the  shadow  of  death,  Life-Death. 

val'-lum.     Rampart.     Attack-Defense. 

valoir,  se  faire  [F.]  (va-lwar\  se  fer).  To  maintain 
dignity.     Bragging. 

val'-or.     Courage.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

valorem,  ad  [L.]  (va-lo'-rem,  ad).  According  to  value. 
Price-Discount. 

val'-or-ous.     Brave.     Bravery-Cowardice. 


VALUABLE. 


1132 


VARIANCE— ACCORD. 


val'-u-a-ble.      Worth.      Goodness-Badness,  Useful- 

NESS-USELESSNESS. 

val"-u-a'-tion.  Estimated  worth.  Decision-Mis- 
judgment,  Mensuration,  Price-Discount. 

val'-ue.  Worth;  import.  Approval-Disapproval, 
Consequence-Insignificance,  Discovery,  Good- 
ness-Badness, Mensuration,  Price- Discount, 
Usefulness  -  Uselessness;  of  priceless  value, 
Costliness -Cheapness;  set  a  value  upon,  Mensu- 
ration, Overvaluation -Undervaluation;  value 
received,  Outlay-Income. 

val'-ues.  '  Measures  of  worth.     Values. 

VALUES. 

Abas.     A  Persian  silver  coin,  worth  4H  cents. 

Argentine.     A  gold  coin  of  Argentina,  worth  $4.85. 

As.     A  Roman  copper  coin,  worth  1  cent. 

Bolivar.     A  silver  coin  of  Venezuela,  worth  97  cents. 

Cash.     A  Chinese  coin,  worth  1-1 1  of  a  cent. 

Centavo.     A  Mexican  nickel-copper  coin,  worth  1  cent. 

Commassee.     An  Arabian  coin,  worth  1%  cents. 

Condor.     A  coin  of  Chili  and  Ecuador,  worth  about  nine  dollars. 

Copeck.     A  Russian  coin,  worth  2-3  of  a  cent. 

Crown.      An  Austrian   coin,  worth  24M  cents;     an  English  coin. 

worth  $1.21 ;  a  Portuguese  coin,  worth  $10.78. 
Cuarto.     A  Spanish  coin,  worth  %  of  a  cent. 
Decime.     A  French  coin,  worth  2  cents. 
Decimo.     A  coin    of    Spanish-speaking   countries,  worth   about    4 

ctnts. 
Denarius.     An  ancient  Roman  coin,  worth  10  asses. 
Derham.     A  coin  of  Morocco,  worth  73-2"  cents. 
Dime.     A  coin  of  the  United  States,  worth  10  cents. 
Dinar.     A  Servian  coin,  worth  1  oH  cents. 
Dinero.     A  Peruvian  coin,  worth  o  7-10  cents. 
Diwani.     An  Arabic  coin,  worth  1  cent. 
Dollar.     A  coin  of  the  United  States,  worth  100  cents. 
Dubbelt-je.     A  Dutch  coin,  worth  4  cents. 
Ducat.     An  Austrian  coin,  worth  $2.28. 
Eagle.     A  coin  of  the  United  States,  worth  $10.00. 
Farthing.     An  English  coin,  worth  Yi  a  cent. 
Florin.     An  Austrian  coin,  worth  48H  cents; an  English  coin,  worth 

48)^  cents;  a  Bavarian  coin,  worth  41  cents;  a  Dutch  coin,  worth 

40  cents. 
Franc.     A  French  coin,  worth  10H  cents. 
Groschen.     A  German  coin,  worth  2%  cents. 
Guinea.     An  English  coin,  worth  $5.00^. 
Heller.     An  Austrian  coin,  worth  %  of  a  cent ;  a  German  coin,  worth 

hi  of  Si  cent. 
Hidalgo.     A  Mexican  coin,  worth  $10.00. 
Krone.     An  Austrian  coin,  worth  27  cents. 
Lira.     An  Italian  coin,  worth  19H  cents. 
Marengo.     An  Italian  coin  of  20  francs. 
Nickel.     A  coin  of  the  United  States,  of  5  cents  value. 
Peseta.     A  South- American  coin,  worth  1  oH  cents. 
Pfennig.     A  German  coin,  worth  \i  of  a  cent. 
Rupee.     An  Indian  coin,  worth  77  cents. 
Sen.     A  Japanese  coin,  worth  1  cent. 
Sestertium.     A  Roman  coin,  worth  $42.04. 
Sestertius.     An  old  Roman  coin,  worth  4^  cents. 
Shekel.     A  Hebrew  coin,  worth  60  cents. 
Soldo.     An  Italian  coin,  worth  1  cent. 
Savereign.     An  English  gold  coin,  worth  $4.85^. 
Tael.     A  Chinese  coin,  worth  $1.40. 
Thaler.     A  German  coin,  worth  71 J^  cents. 

val'-ue-less.     Worthless.     Usefulness-Uselessness. 

valve.  Opening;  covering.  Perforator-Stopper, 
Watercourse-Airpipe;  safety-valve,  Escape,  Ref- 
uge-Pitfall, Security-Insecurity. 

vam'-brace.     Armor  for  forearm.     Attack-Defense. 

vamp.  Repair;  improvise.  Mutation-Permanence, 
Renovation-Relapse;   vamp  up,  Betterment-De- 


terioration, Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Ren- 
ovation-Relapse. 

vam'-pire.  Outcast ;  extortioner.  Benefactor-Evil- 
doer, Jove-Fiend. 

vam'-pir-ism.  Extortion;  belief.  Devotion-Magic, 
Taking-Restitution. 

van.  Vehicle;  front.  Anteriority-Posteriority, 
Beginning-End,  Conveyance- Vessel,  Push-Pull; 
in  the  van,  Anteriority-Posteriority,  Leading- 
Following. 

van'-cou"-ri-er.  A  forerunner.  Predecessor-Con- 
tinuation. 

van'-dal.  Rude;  plunderer.  Benefactor-Evildoer, 
Gentility-Commonalty,  Taste-Vulgarity. 

van'-dal-ism.  Wanton  destruction.  Taste-Vulgar- 
ity. 

Van-dyke'.     Beard;  collar.     Indentation. 

Van'-dyke'  brown.     Color.     Gray-Brown. 

vane.     Weather-cock.     River- Wind,  Sign. 

van'-foss".     Ditch.     Attack-Defense. 

van'-guard.  Advance-guard.         Anteriority-Pos- 

teriority. 

va-nil'-la.     Kind  of  plant.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

van'-ish.  Disappear.  Lastingness-Transientness, 
Mutability-Stability,  Substance-Nullity. 

van'-ish-ing-point".  Intersection.  Greatness-Little- 
ness, Magnitude-Smallness. 

van'-i-ty.  Futility;  conceit.  Conceit-Diffidence, 
Consequence-Insignificance,  Faith-Misgiving, 
Overvaluation-Undervaluation,  Usefulness- 
Uselessness. 

Van'-i-ty  Fair.     Fashion.     Society-Ludicrousness. 

van'-quish.     Conquer.     Success-Failure. 

van'-tage-ground".  Position.  Dominance-Impotence, 
Height- Lowness,  Might-Impotence,  Supremacy- 
Subordinacy. 

vap'-id.  Insipid.  Savor-  Tastelessness;  vapid 
style,  Force-Weakness. 

va'-por.  Mist;  swagger;  fantasy.  Bragging,  Fancy, 
Liquid-Gas,  Presumption -Obsequiousness,  Vis- 
cidity-Foam; vapor  bath,  Oven-Refrigerator. 

va'-por-er.     Braggart.     Brawler. 

vap'-or-er.  One  who  or  that  which  vapors,  or  con- 
verts into  vapor.     Liquefaction- Volatilization. 

va'-por-ing.  Boasting.  Bragging,  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness. 

vap'-o-ri"-za-ble.  Capable  of  being  converted  into 
vapor.     Liquefaction-Volatilization. 

va"-por-i-za'-tion.  State  of  being  vaporized.  Lique- 
faction-Volatilization. 

vap'-o-rize.  To  convert  into  vapor.  Liquefaction- 
Volatilization. 

va'-por-ous.  Misty.  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness,  Liquid- 
Gas,  Viscidity-Foam. 

va'-por-ous-ness.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  vapor- 
ous.    Liquefaction-Volatilization. 

va'-pors.  Depression.  Lightheartedness-Dejec- 
tion. 

va'-ri-a-ble.  Changeable;  fickle.  Mutability-Sta- 
bility; variable  star,  Astronomy. 

va'-ri-ance.  Conflict;  change.  Harmony-Discord, 
Variance-Accord,  Variation;  at  variance,  Amity- 
Hostility,  Harmony-Discord,  Variance-Accord; 
at  variance  with,  Antagonism-Concurrence.Assent- 
Dissent,  Harmony-Accord. 


VARIANCE— ACCORD. 


Altercation.     Dispute  carried  on  with  heat  and  anger. 

Brabble.     A  broil;  a  wrangle. 

Brawl.     A  noisy  quarrel. 

Breach.     A  violation  of  the  law. 

Breach  of  the  peace.     Disturbance  of  the  public  peace. 


Accord.     Agreement;  harmony  of  opinion. 

Agreement.     The  act  of  being  in  accord.     See  Harmony. 

Alliance.     A  formal  treaty  or  agreement. 

Amity.     Friendly  or  peaceful  relations.     See  Amity. 

Bonds  of  harmony.     Peaceful  relations. 


VARIANCE. 


1133 


VARIANCE— ACCORD. 


VARIANCE— ACCORD— Continued. 


beginning   of   armed 


Breeze.     A  disturbance  or  quarrel. 
Broil.     A  noisy  disturbance. 
Brouillerie  [F.J.     Strife;  contention. 
Casus  belli  [L.J.     That  which  causes  war. 
Clash.      Opposition  of    views  and   opinions; 

strife. 

Commotion.     A  public  disturbance.     See  Agitation. 
Contentiousness.     Quarrelsomeness. 
Cross-purposes.     Opposition  without  intention. 
Difference.     Variation  of  opinion. 
Disaccord.     Disagreement. 
Disagreement.     iJifference  of  opinion  or  sentiment;  a  falling  out. 

See  Harmony-Discord. 
Discord.     Dissension;  opposition. 
Disputant.     One  who  disputes. 
Dispute.     Difference  of  opinion. 
Disrupture.     A  breaking  off  of  friendly  relations. 
Discord;  strife. 
Disagreement;  withdrawal    from    the   established   re- 


See 


See  Amity-Hostility. 


Dissension, 
Dissidence. 

ligion. 

Dissonance.     A  mingling  of  inharmonious  sounds. 

Disturbance.     An  interruption  of  a  state  of  peace  or  quiet. 
Regularity-Irregularity. 

Disunion.     Separation;  dissension. 

Division.     Difference  in  opinion  or  feeling. 

Embrangle  me  nt.     Confusion;  entanglement. 

Embroilment.     Implication  in  some  strife. 

Enmity.     Hostile  or  unfriendly  disposition. 

Faction.     Tumult;  discord. 

Feud.     Hate  between  parties,  usually  leading  to  bloodshed. 

Fracas.     A  noisy  quarrel;  an  uproar. 

Hate.     Strong  aversion  with  a  desire  that  evil  should  befall  a  person. 
See  Love-Hate. 

Hubbub.     Confusion  of  voices. 

Imbroglio.     A  serious  misunderstanding. 

Jangle.     A  quarrel;  a  word-battle. 

Jar.     A  crash;  a  dissension. 

Jarring.     A  clashing  of  interests. 

Jostling.     A  crowding  or  bumping  together. 

Litigation.     A  contest  at  law. 

Misunderstanding.     Disagreement;  difference  of  opinion. 

Odds.     Quarrel;  strife. 

Open  rupture.     Open  hostility  or  war. 

Outbreak.     The  beginning  of  armed  strife. 

Quarrel.     Strife;  contention. 

Question  at  issue.  A  question  causing  difference  of  opinion.  See 
Investigation. 

Racket.     A  confused,  clattering  noise. 

Riot.     Disturbance  of  the  public  peace  by  an  unlawful  assembly. 

Rixation.     A  brawl;  quarrel. 

Row.     A  turbulent  disturbance. 

Rumpus.     A  great  confusion. 

Rupture.     Breach  of  peace  or  concord    between    individuals;   open 

hostility  between  nations. 
Schism.     Breach  of  unity  among  people  of  the  same  religious  faith. 

See  Assent- Dissent. 
Scrimmage.     A  general  confusion. 
Shock.     An  encountering  with  violence. 
Split.     A  breach  or  separation,  as  in  a  political  party. 
Squabble.     A  quarrel;  a  brawl. 
Squall.     A  cry  of  fright  or  anger. 
Strife.     Violent  contention;  fight.     See  Stripe. 
Tiff.     A  slight  altercation  or  contention. 
Tracasserie  [F.].      Difficulty;  shuffle. 
Variance.     Difference. 
"Warfare.     Contest  carried  on  by  enemies. 
Words.     Verbal  contention. 
Wrangling.     A  noisy  quarrel. 

Variance — Associated  Nouns. 

Apple  of  discord.  A  subject  of  contention  and  envy;  a  golden  apple 
inscribed  *'  Let  the  most  beautiful  have  me,"  thrown  among  the 
guests  at  the  marriage  of  Peleus  and  Thetis,  and  claimed  by  Juno. 
Minerva,  and  Venus ;  whence  came  the  Trojan  war.  Homer,  and 
"the  glorv  that  was  Greece  and  the  grandeur  that  was  Rome" 
[Poe   To  Helen] 

Battle-ground.     A  place  where  a  battle  is  fought. 

Bear-garden.     Any  place  where  riotous  conduct  is  common. 

Bone  of  contention.     A  subject  oi  contention  or  dispute. 

Bone  to  pick.     A  dispute  to  be  settled. 

Brand  of  discord.     Anything  that  stirs  up  strife. 

Cat-and-dog  life.     A  quarrelsome,  contentious  life. 

Cross  questions  and  crooked  answers.     Contention, 


Conciliation.     The  act  of  winning  the  friendship  of. 

Concord.     Union ;  cordial  feeling. 

Entente  cordiale  [F.J.     Cordial  understanding. 

Good  understanding.     Kindly  feeling  toward  one  another. 

Happy  family.     Persons  in  entire  harmony  or  agreement. 

Harmony.     Agreement;  friendship. 

League.     A  close  connection  or  union.     See  Association. 

Peace.     A  state  of  reconciliation  after  strife  or  enmity.     See  Strif» 

Peace. 
Peacemaker.     One  who  effects  a  reconciliation  between  unfriendi> 

parties. 
Rapprochement  [F.].     Reconciliation. 
Response.     Sympathy;  concord. 
Reunion.     Renewed  union  or  harmony. 
Sympathy.     The  quality  of  being  affected  by  the  state  or  conditio* 

of  another;  fellow-feeling.     See  Love. 
Symphony.     Concord;  harmony;  agreeable  blending  of  any  kind. 
Unanimity.     The  state  of  being  of  one  mind  or  of  one  opinion. 
Union.     League;  confederation. 
Unison.     Concord;  harmony. 
Unity.     A  state  of  general  good  feeling  or  understanding. 

Accord — Verbs. 

Accord.     To  bring  to  an  agreement.     See  Nouns. 

Agree.     To  be  of  one  mind  or  opinion.     See  Harmony. 

Assent.  To  express  agreement  with  a  statement  or  matter  o( 
opinion.     See  Assent. 

Be  concordant.     To  be  agreeable  or  harmonious. 

Be  pacified.  To  be  brought  into  a  peaceful  state.  See  Fighting- 
Conciliation. 

Chime  in  with.     To  agree  with ;  support  the  same  measures. 

Come  round.     To  come  into  agreement  with  another's  views. 

Come  to  an  understanding.     To  come  to  agree ;  reach  a  settlement. 

Enter  into  the  feelings  of.     To  have  feelings  in  common. 

Enter  into  the  ideas  of.     To  share  another's  ideas. 

Fallinwith.     Toally;  associate  oneself  with. 

Fraternize.     To  make  brotherly. 

Go  hand  in  hand.     To  be  an  equal  participant  with  another. 

Go  with.     To  agree. 

Go  with  the  stream.  To  make  one's  opinions  or  the  like  agree  with 
the  opinions  of  the  majority. 

Harmonize  with.     To  bring  in  accordance  with. 

Hurler  avec  les  loups  [F.].  To  howl  with  the  wolves ;  when  in  Rome 
do  as  the  Romans  do. 

Keep  in  good  humor.     To  adapt  oneself  to  the  feelings  of  another. 

Keep  the  peace.     To  live  on  friendly  terms. 

Meet  half-way.     To  make  mutual  concession. 

Pull  together.  To  act  in  harmony.  See  Antagonism-Concur- 
rence. 

Put  in  tune.     To  harmonize. 

Put  up  one's  horses  together.  To  associate;  be  on  friendly  term* 
with. 

Reciprocate.     To  return  favors. 

Remain  at  peace.     To  continue  in  friendly  relations. 

Render  accordant.     To  set  in  harmony. 

Run  parallel.  To  have  like  views  and  aims.  See  Antagonism? 
Concurrence. 

Side  with.     To  agree  with ;  take  the  part  of. 

Sing  in  chorus.     To  be  on  intimate  terms. 

Swim  with  the  stream.  To  make  one's  views  conform  with  the 
views  of  the  majority. 

Sympathize  with.     To  feel  the  sorrows  and  misfortunes  of  others 

Understand  one  another.     To  have  like  thoughts  and  feelings. 

Accord — Adjectives. 
Agreeing.     In  accord. 
Allied.     Akin;  joined. 
At  one  with.     On  good  terms. 
At  peace.     Friendly. 

Banded  together.     United  for  a  common  purpose.     See  Association; 
Cemented.     Closely  united. 
Conciliatory.     Pacific. 
Concordant.     Agreeing.     See  Verbs. 
Congenial.     Kindred;  sympathetic. 
Fraternal.     Brotherly. 
Friendly.     Living  as  friends.     See  Amity. 
Harmonious.     Agreeing  in  thought  or  purpose. 
I  n  ace  ord .     Agreeing. 
In  still  water.     Free  from  strife. 
Of  one  mind.     Agreeing  in  thought.     See  Assent. 
Tranquil.     At  peace;  free  from  strife.     See  Stripb-Peacb. 
United.     Of  like  views  or  purposes. 


VARIATION. 


1135 


VARIEGATION. 


Difference.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  unlike. 

Different  thing.  Something  differing  from  another  thing  in  essential 
qualities. 

Disagreement,  etc.  Failure  to  agree  or  correspond.  See  Harmony- 
Discord. 

Discrimination,  etc.  The  act  of  noting  differences  or  distinctions. 
See  Differentiation. 

Disparity,  etc.  Difference  in  any  respect.  See  Equality-In- 
equality. 

Dissimilarity,  etc.  Unlikeness;  difference.  See  Likeness-Unlike- 
ness. 

Distinction.  The  act  of  pointing  out  the  difference  between  things; 
an  exactly  defined  difference. 

Diversity.     The  state  of  differing  essentially  one  from  another. 

Modes  and  tenses.  Verb  forms  used  to  express  different  manners 
and  times  of  action. 

Modification.  The  act  of  making  somewhat  different;  the  result  of 
so  acting. 

Nice  distinction.    \  T.  ,  ,.  ,,     ., 

Subtle  distinction./  Degrees  of  distinction. 

This,  that,  or  the  other.     This  thing  or  a  different  thing. 

Variance.     Altering  of  condition  ;  difference  that  causes  dispute. 

Variation.  Difference  in  the  form,  position,  or  state  of  a  thing  at 
different  times. 

Variety.     A  number  of  different  things  in  the  same  group. 

Variation — Figurative  Nouns. 
Another  pair  of  shoes.)  „,,.  ..    ,     ,.„ 

Apple  of  another  tree.  /  Thmgs  entirely  dlfferent- 
Nuance  [F.].     A  shade  or  tint 
Shade  of  difference.     A  slight  difference. 

Variation — Verbs. 
Ablude.     Differ. 

Be  different,  etc.     Be  unlike,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 
Contrast.     Put  in  comparison  to  show  difference. 
Differ.     Be  unlike. 
Differ    longo  intervallo    [L.].     To  differ  by  a  long  interval,      r Virgil, 

JEneid,  V,  320.  3 
Differ  totoccelo  [L]    To  be  entirely  different.  [Macrobius,  Safttrwa/ia, 

III,  xii,  10] 
Discriminate.     Point  out  differences  between. 
Divaricate.     Separate  into  two  branches;  diverge. 
Mismatch.     Match  things  unsuited  to  each  other. 
Modify,  etc.     To  change.     See  Mutation. 
Vary.     Be  different  in  form,  position, or  state  at  different  times; 

cause  to  so  differ. 

Variation — Adjectives. 
All  manner  of.     All  the  different  kinds  of. 
Characteristic.     Showing  the  distinctive  qualities  of. 
Daedal  1 
Dedal   I  *nt"cate'y  made,  like  the  work  of  Daedalus. 

Different.     Unlike. 

Differing,  etc.     Being  unlike,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Discriminative.     Making  sharply  defined  differences. 

Distinctive.     Showing  sharply  denned  differences. 

Distinguishable.     Capable  of  being  differentiated 

Divers.     Of  different  kinds;  differing. 

Diverse.     Distinct;  different. 

Diversified.     Made  different;  variegated. 

Heterogeneous.     Made  up  of  different  kinds. 

Modified.     Made  somewhat  different. 

Not  the  same.     Different. 

Other.     Different. 

Something  else.     Something  different 

Unequal.     Of  different  magnitudes. 

Unmatched.     Having  no  equal  or  match. 

Varied.     Made  different. 

Variform,  etc.     Of  different  !orm.     See  Uniformity-Multiformity. 

Various.     Diverse. 

Widely  apart.     Very  different. 

Variation — Adverbs. 

Differently,  etc-      In  a  different  manner,  etc.     See  Adjectives. 

Variation — Phrase. 

II  y  a  fagots  et  fagots  fP.fl  There  are  fagots  and  fagots;  things  that 
are  alike  in  name  differ  in  quality. 

var"-i-cel'-la.  An  eruptive  disease.  Health-Sick- 
ness. 

varM-cose".  Affected  with  vanx.  Health-Sick- 
ness. 


va'-ried.  Changed.  Deviation,  Uniformity-Diver- 
sity, Variation. 

va'-ri-e-gate.  To  diversify  in  external  appearance 
Variegation. 

va"-ri-e-ga'-tion.     Variegating.     Variegation. 

VARIEGATION. 

Iridescence.     Exhibition  of  a  play  of  changeable  colors. 

Maculation.     The  act  of  spotting. 

Play  of  colors.     A  variation  or  changing  of  colors. 

Spottiness.     State  or  quality  of  being  full  of  spots. 

Variegation.     The  act  of  diversifying  by  employing  different  tints 

or  hues. 

Variegation — Denotations. 
Butterfly.     A  species  of  insect  occurring  in  many  different  colors 
Chameleon.     A  lizard  which  has  the  power  of  changing  its  color. 
Check.     A  woven  or  painted  design  in  colored  squares. 
Checkers.  1  A  game  played  on  a  board  with  squares  of  alternate 
Chequers.  >       colors. 
Chess-board.     A  board  used  in  the  game  of  chess,  having  eight  rows 

of  alternate  light  and  dark  squares,  eight  in  each  row. 
Harlequin.     A  clown  dressed  in  many-colored  clothes. 
Iris.     The  rainbow;  an  appearance  resembling  the  rainbow. 
Joseph's  coat.     A  coat  of  many  colors.     [Bible.] 
Leopard.     A  large  savage  animal  with  black  spots  alonji  the  back 

and  sides.     [Lion  Pard.] 
Mackerel.     A  fish  covered  with  bright  yellow  circular  spots. 
Mackerel  sky.     A  sky  flecked  with  small  white  clouds. 
Marble.     A  hard  building-stone  occurring  in  variegated  colors. 
Marquetry.     Inlaid  work  of  wood,  stone,  or  ivory. 
Mosaic.     A  decoration  made  with  variously  colored  pieces  of  glass, 

stone,  etc.     [Dear  to  the  Muses.] 
Mother-of-pearl.      The  variously  colored  internal  layer  of  several 

kinds  of  shells. 
Opal.     A  mineral  presenting  a  peculiar  play  of  colors. 
Parquetry.     Wooden  mosaic. 

Patchwork.     Work  composed  of  pieces  of  various  colors. 
Peacock.     A  bird  whose  feathers  are  marked  with  bands  of  blue, 

green,  and  golden  colors. 
Plaid.     A  piece  of  cloth  of  checkered  material. 
Polychrome.     A  picture  or  statue  in  several  colors. 
Rainbow.     An  arch  exhibiting  all  the  colors  of  the  spectrum,  formed 

by  the  refraction  and  reflection  of  the  sun's  rays  in  drops  ot  falling 

rain. 
Spectrum.     The  colored  rays  of  which  light  is  composed,  separated 

by  the  refraction  of  a  prism. 
Sunbow.     A  rainbow. 
Tartan.     Woolen  cloth  checkered  or  cross-barred  with  narrow  bands 

of  various  colors. 
Tessera  [L,  ].     Small    pieces   of    marble,    glass,   earthenware,   etc. 

used  by  the  ancients  as  mosaic. 
Tortoise-shell.     The  variously  colored  shell  of  a  species  of  tortoise 

used  for  ornamental  work. 
Tricolor.     A  three-colored  flag. 

Tulip.     A  plant  bearing  beautiful,  variegated  flowers. 
Zebra.      A   South-African   wild   horse,   remarkable   for  having  its 

white  or  yellowish-white  body  marked  with  brown  or  black  bands. 

Variegation — Scientific  Nouns, 
Dichroism.     The  property  of  transmitting  color  in  two  directions. 
Stria;.     Thread-like  lines  of  color. 
Trichroism.     The  property  of  transmitting  colors  in  three  directions. 

Variegation — Verbs. 

Bespeckle.     To  mark  with  speckles  or  spots. 

Bespot.     To  mark  with  spots. 

Besprinkle.     To  sprinkle  or  scatter  over. 

Be  variegated.     To  be  of  various  colors.  , 

Braid.  To  weave  or  intwine  together,  as  threads  of  different  colors- 
Checker^ 

Chequer,  i 

Damascene.     To  ornament  with  waving  lines,  Damascus  work. 

Dot.     To  mark  with  small  spots. 

Embroider.     To  ornament  with  needlework. 

Engrail.     To  variegate  or  spot,  as  with  hail. 

Inlay.  To  insert,  as  pieces  of  wood,  pearl,  ivory,  etc.,  in  a  ground- 
work of  some  other  material. 

Maculate.     To  mark  with  spots. 

Quilt.     To  sew  in  lines  or  patterns. 

Speckle.  To  mark  with  small  spots  of  a  different  color  from  that  of 
the  rest  of  the  surface. 

Stipple.     To  engrave  by  means  of  dots. 

Streak.     To  variegate  with  lines  of  a  different  color. 


To  diversify  with  different  colors,  scenes,  etc. 


VARIANCE 


1134 


VARIATION. 


VARIANCE— ACCORT>— Continued. 


VARIANCE — Associated  Nouns — Continued. 

Declaration  of  war.  Public  announcement  of  intention  to  begin 
open  strife. 

Disputed  point.     A  question  that  causes  dispute. 

Division  in  the  camp.  Difference  in  opinion  or  feeling  between 
different  factions. 

Donnybrook  Fair.  A  famous  annual  Irish  fair,  exciting  much  con- 
tention and  confusion. 

Family  jars.      Slight  disagreement  between  members  of  a  family. 

Ground  of  quarrel.      A  cause  of  contention. 

High  words.     Angry  contention  in  words. 

House  divided  against  itself.  An  organization  disturbed  by  internal 
disputes.     [Mark  iii,  25.] 

Kilkenny  cats.  Two  cats  in  an  Irish  story,  which  fought  till  nothing 
was  left  but  their  tails. 

Piece  of  work.      That  which  causes  strife. 

Polemics.     The  art  or  practise  of  disputation  or  controversy. 

Screw  loose.  Something  out  of  order;  anything  that  may  cause 
discord. 

Snip-snap.     A  tart  dialogue  with  quick  replies. 

Strange  bedfellows.  Persons  of  entirely  different  kinds  and  opinions. 
[  ' Misery  acquaints  a  man  with  strange  bedfellows."  Shake- 
speare, Tempest,  II,  i.] 

Subject  of  dispute.      Anything  that  causes  quarreling. 

Troublous  times.      Times  of  strife  or  warfare. 

Vexata  qtusstio  [L.)      A  vexed  question. 

Vexed  question.      Anything  that  causes  discussion  or  contest. 

Variance — Verbs. 

Be  discordant.     To  clash  or  be  at  variance.     See  Nouns 

Bicker.     To  wrangle;    exchange  blows. 

Brangle.     To  dispute  contentiously. 

Brawl.     To  quarrel  noisily.     See  Nouns. 

Break  squares  with.     To  fall  out. 

Break  with.  To  differ  in  opinions;  dissolve  partnership  or  friend- 
ship. 

Clash.     To  meet  in  opposition.     See  Nouns. 

Come  amiss.     To  take  offense  at.     See  Harmony-Discord. 

Conflict.     To  come  into  serious  opposition. 

Controvert.  To  contradict;  meet  in  opposition.  See  Assertion- 
Denial. 

Declare  war.  To  make  known  publicly  that  hostilities  exist  between 
two  nations. 

Differ.     To  disagree. 

Disagree.     To  be  at  variance  in  opinions. 

Dispute.     To  argue;    question  an  assertion  or  proposition. 
To  differ  in  opinion.     See  Assent-Dissent. 
To  become  separated.     See  Nouns. 


Dissent. 
Disunite . 
Embroil. 
Entangle 


To  get  into  difficulty. 
To  ensnare;   entrap. 
Fall  foul  of.     To  attack;   assault. 
Fall  out.     To  break  friendships. 
Fasten  a  quarrel  on.     To  stir  up  to  anger  or  dispute;    give  cause 

for  strife. 
Fish  in  troubled  waters.     [As  the  best  place  for  catching  fish.]    To 

take  advantage    of  disturbance  and  trouble  to  gain  one's  end- 

[Matthew  Henry,  Psalm  lx.] 
Get  into  hot  water.      To  experience  bitter  opposition. 
Have  a  bone  to  pick  with.     To  quarrel  with. 
Have  a  crow  to  pluck  with.     To  settle  a  difference  with. 
Have  no  measures  with.     To  have  no  dealings  with. 
Have  words  with.      To  quarrel. 
Jangle.     To  wrangle  or  quarrel. 
Jar.     To  bring  into  unpleasant  relations. 
Join  issue.     To  take  different  positions;  oppose. 
Jostle.     To  crowd;    hustle. 
Kick  up  a  dust.     To  stir  up  confusion. 
Kick  up  a  row.     To  start  a  fight. 
Litigate.     To  contend  at  law.     See  Nouns. 
Live  like  cat  and  dog.      To  fight  all  the  time. 

Misunderstand  one  another.     Not  to  know  one  another's  motives. 
Nag.     To  tease  in  a  petty  way. 
Part  company  with.     To  break  up  friendly  associations. 


Accord — Adverbs,  etc. 

Hand  in  hand.     In  union;   peacefully. 

In  concert  with.     In  concord  with;  united. 

On  one's  side.     Favoring  one's  cause. 

With  one  voice.     In  agreement.     See  Assent. 

Accord — Phrase. 
Commune  periculum  concordiam  parit  fL.].     Common  danger  pfo» 

duces  concord. 


VARIANCE— Verbs— Continued      - 
Pick  a  quarrel.     To  look  for  trouble. 
Pit  against.     To  set  in  opposition. 
Pull  different  ways.     To  controvert;  oppose. 
Put  in  issue.     To  make  contrary;  cause  to  disagree. 
Quarrel.     To  violate  agreement;   dispute  angrily  or  violently. 
Set  against.     Diametrically  opposed. 
Set  at  odds.  \  « 

Set  together  by  the  ears./  To  cause  to  quarre1' 
Sow  dissension.     To  cause  ill-feeling  or  hatred. 
Spar.     To  contest  in  words;  wrangle.     See  Strife. 
Split.     Separate;  sunder. 
Squabble.     To  wrangle. 
Stir  up  dissension.     To  cause  quarrel. 
Try  conclusions.     To  st  ive  with. 
Turn  house  out  of  window.     To  raise  a  great  row. 
Widen  the  breach.     To  cause  greater  ill-feeling. 
Wrangle.     To  jangle;   quarrel. 

Va  ri  a  nc  e — A  djectives . 
Ajar.     Out  of  harmony. 
At  cross-purposes.     To  act  counter  to  one  another  without  intend* 

ing  it. 
At  daggers  drawn.     Ready  to  fight. 
At  feud.     At  enmity. 
At  high  words.     Strongly  enraged. 
At  issue.     In  controversy. 
At  loggerheads.     Quarreling,  as  thick  heads. 
At  odds.     At  variance.  \ 


At  sixes  and  sevens.!  »%• 

A.        .  f  Disagreeing. 

At  variance.  )        ^         B 


Controversial.     Pitted  against  in  defending  some  cause. 

Disagreeing.     Differing  in  opinion.     See  Harmony-Discord. 

Discordant.     Clashing;   opposing.     See  Nouns. 

Disputatious.     Ready  to  argue. 

Dissentient.     Declaring  dissent.     See  Assent-Dissent. 

Disunited.     Separated;   put  apart. 

Embroiled.     Entangled  in  a  broil  or  quarrel.     See  Verbs, 

Factious.     Pugnacious;  quarrelsome;  opposed  to  law. 

Gladiatorial.     Eager  for  a  combat. 

In  hot  water.     In  trouble ;  in  difficulties. 

Litigant.     Contending  in  law. 

Litigious.     Given  to  the  practise  of  contending  in  law. 

On  bad  terms.     Unfriendly;  jangling. 

Out  of  tune.     Out  of  harmony;   discordant. 

Pettifogging.     Subject  to  artful  tricks,  as  in  law. 

Polemic.     Disposed  to  argue  or  dispute. 

Quarrelsome.      Easily  provoked  to  contest.     See  Verbs. 

Together  by  the  ears.     Quarreling. 

Torn.     Divided  by  violent  measures. 

TJnpacific.     Not  peaceful. 

TJnpacified .     Fighting. 

Unreconciled.     At  variance. 

Up  in  arms.     Fighting  against. 

Va  ri  anc  e — Phrases. 

Mars  gravior  sub  pace  latet  [L.fl.     A  more  serious  "^var  lurks  undef 

the  peace. 
No  love  lost  between  them. 
Non  nostrum  tantas  componere  lites   [L.L      Jt  is  not  f or  us  to  settle 

such  grave  offenses.     [Virgil,  Eclogues,  III,  108.] 
Quot  homines  tot  sententice  [L.  g.     Many  men,  many  minds.     [Terence^ 

Phormio,  II,  iv,  14.] 


va'-ri-ant.     Different  form.     Synonym-Antonym. 

va'-ri-a"-tion.  Modification ;  alteration.  Deviation, 
Music,  Mutation  -  Permanence,  Number,  Varia- 
tion. 


VARIATION. 


Contradistinction.     Distinction  by  opposite  qualities. 
Delicate  distinction.].  -,-, 
Fine  distinction.        /     egr' 


grees  of  distinction. 


VARIEGATION. 


1136 


VEGETARIANISM. 


Stripe.     To  form  with  lines  of  different  colors. 

Tattoo.     To  color,  as  the  flesh,  by  pricking  in  coloring  matter  which 

cannot  be  washed  out. 
Variegate.     To  mark  with  different  colors. 

Variegation — Adjectives. 

Barred.     Marked  with  bars  of  colors. 

Bi-olored.     Of  two  colors. 

Brind.       j 

Brinded.  >  Of  a  gray  or  tawny  color  with  streaks  of  a  darker  hue. 

Brindled.  J 

Chatoyant  [F.J.     Having  a  changeable,  varying  luster  like  that  of 

a  cat  i,  eye  in  the  dark. 
Checkered.     Marked  with  alternate  squares  of  different  colors. 
Clouded.     Variegated  with  colors. 
Cymophanous.     Having  a  wavy  light. 
Daedal.     Artistic. 

Dappled.     Marked  with  spots  of  different  shades  of  color. 
Dichromatic.     Having  two  colors. 
Divers-colored.     Of  many  colors. 
Embroidered.     Ornamented  with  needlework. 
Flea-bitten.     White,  flecked  v/ith  minute  spots  of  a  bay  or  sorrel. 

Fleckered.}  Streaked:  speckled. 

Freckled.     Marked  with  small  discolored  spots. 

Gorge  de  pigeon  [F.].     Shot,  in  color;  like  throat  of  a  dove. 

Grizzled.     Sprinkled  or  mixed  with  gray. 

Iridescent.     Having  colors  like  the  rainbow. 

Kaleidoscopic.     Variegated. 

Listed.     Striped. 

Many-nue0d"ed'}  Rhowine  a  variety  of  colors- 

Marbled.     Stained  or  veined  like  marble. 

Mosaic.     Formed  by  uniting  pieces  of  different  colors. 

Motley.     Consisting  of  different  colors. 

Mottled.     Spotted. 

Nacreous.     Like  mother-of-pearl. 

Of  all  manner  of  colors.  \  TT  ..«.  , 

Of  all  the  colors  of  the  rainbow./  Having  ve^  m™?  different  colors. 

Ona  line       '  1  Having  changeable  colors  like  those  of  the  opal. 

Paned.     Provided  with  panes,  as  of  different  colors. 
Party-colored.     Colored  with  different  tints. 
Pearly.     Showing  changeable  colors,  as  a  pearl. 
Pepper-and-salt.     Sprinkled  with  white  and  dark  spots. 
Piebald.     Having  spots  and  patches  of  black  and  white. 
Pied.     Variegated  with  spots  of  different  colors. 
Plaid.     Checkered  or  marked  with  bars  or  stripes. 
Polychromatic.     Many-colored. 
Powdered.     Sprinkled,  as  with  powder. 
Punctuated.     Dotted  with  spots. 

Shot.     Woven  as  to  produce  an  effect  of  variable  tints. 
Speckled.     Marked  with  small  spots  of  a  different  color  from  that  of 
the  rest  of  the  surface. 

s     tt     '  I  Marked  with  spots. 

Striated.     Marked  with  fine  lines  of  color. 

Studded.     Set  thickly,  as  with  studs. 

Tabby.     Diversified  in  color. 

Tesselated.     Formed  of  little  squares  of  different  colors. 

Tortoise-shell.     Of  variegated  colors. 

Tricolored.     Three-colored. 

Variegated.     Having  marks  or  patches  of  different  colors. 

Veined.     Streaked. 

Venous.     Marked  with  veins. 

Versicolored.     Of  different  colors. 

Watered.     Diversified  with  wave-like  lines. 

va-ri'-et-y.  Diversity;  collection;  kind.  Convention- 
ality-Unconventionality,  Division,  Uniformity- 

i    Multiformity,  Variation. 

va'-ri-form.  Of  different  shaoes.  Uniformity-Mul- 
tiformity. 

va-ri'-o-la.     Smallpox.     Health-Sickness. 

va"-ri-om'-e-ter.  Scientific  instrument.  Mensura- 
tion. 

va"-ri-o'-rum.     Having  correlated  notes.     Digest. 

va'-ri-ous.  Diverse.  Multiplicity  -  Paucity,  Varia- 
tion; at  various  times,  Time;  in  various  places,  Ex- 
tension-Place. 

vat-Met.     Menial.     Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

var'-min.    Troublesome  fellow.    Good  Man-Bad  Man. 


var'-nish.  Resin;  gloss;  polish.  Cover- Lining, 
Embellishment-  Disfigurement,  Justification- 
Charge,  Painting,  Pulpiness-Rosin,  Ratiocina- 
tion-Instinct, Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

var'-si-ty.     University.     School. 

var'-vel.  Ring  worn  by  a  hawk,  bearing  its  owner's 
name.     Sign. 

va'-ry.  Modify ;  disagree ;  change.  Deviation,  Like- 
ness-Unlikeness,  Mutability-Stability,  Muta- 
tion-Permanence, Variation. 

va  sans  dire,  cela  [F.]  (va  san'  dir,  se-la').  That  goes 
without  saying.  Certainty- Doubt,  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency. 

vas'-cu-lar.  Having  vessels.  Aperture-Closure, 
Contents-Receiver,  Watercourse-Airpipe. 

vas'-cu-lum.     Vessel.     Contents-Receiver. 

vase.     Vessel.     Contents-Receiver. 

vas'-sal.     Retainer.     Chief-Underling. 

vas'-sal-age .     Servitude.     Liberty-Subjection. 

vast.  Great;  massive.  Greatness-Littleness,  Mag- 
nitude-Smallness,  Extension-Inextension;  vast 
learning,  Knowledge-Ignorance. 

vast'-y  deep.  Ocean.  Greatness-Littleness,  Ocean- 
Land. 

vat.     Vessel.     Contents-Receiver. 

Vat'-i-can.  Papal  residence;  government.  Auster- 
ity, Fane;  thunders  of  the  Vatican,  Charitable- 
ness-Curse. 

vat'-i-cide.     One  who  kills  a  prophet.     Life-Killing. 

va-tic'-i-nal.     Foretelling.     Prophecy. 

va-tic'-i-nate.     To  foretell.     Prophecy. 

va-tic"-i-na'-tion.    Prophecy.     Prophecy. 

vatum,  genus  irritabile  [L.]  (ve'-tum,  ji'-nus  ir-ri-tab'- 
i-li).     The  irritable  race  of  bards.     Poetry-Prose. 

vaude'-ville.     Entertainment.     Acting. 

vault.  Leap;  cellar;  arch.  Contents-Receiver, 
Curvation-Recti  linearity,  Life-Funeral,  Spring- 
Dive;  vault  of  heaven,  Universe. 

vault'-ed.  Arched.  Curvation-Rectilinkarity, 
Levelness. 

vault'-ing.  Superior.  Desire-Distaste,  Supremacy- 
Subordinacy. 

vaunt.     Boast.     Bragging. 

vaunt'-ed.     Boasted.      Bragging. 

vaunt'-ing-ly.     Boastfully.     Bragging. 

vaurien  [F.]  (vo-ri-an"')-  Worthless  fellow.  Good 
Man-Bad  Man. 

vav'-a-sor.  Vassal.    Gentility-Commonalty,  Holder. 

veal.     The  meat  of  a  calf.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

vecligalia  nervos  esse  reipublicce  [L.]  (vec-ti-ge'-li-o. 
ner'-vos  es'-si  ri"-ai-pub'-li-si) .  Revenues  are  the 
sinews  of  the  commonwealth.     Outlay-Income. 

vec'-tion.     Carrying.     Transfer. 

vec"-ti-ta'-tion.     A  carrying.     Transfer. 

vect'-ure.    Carrying.     Transfer. 

Vedas.  The  four  holy  books  of  the  Hindus.  Revela^ 
tion-Pseudorevelation. 

ve-dette'.     Sentinel.     Warning. 

ve'-dro.     Liquid  measure.     Quantity-Measure. 

veer.  Change.  Advance-Retrogression,  Aim- 
Aberration,    Bigotry- Apostasy,    Mutation-Per. 

MANENCE. 

veer'-ing.     Turning.     Advance-Retrogression. 
ve'-ga.     A  plain.     Gulf-Plain. 

veg"-e-ta-bil'-i-ty.     Vegetable  nature.     Fauna-Flora. 
veg'-e-ta-ble.  Plant.  Fauna-Flora;     vegetable 

kingdom,  Fauna-Flora;   vegetable  life,  Animality- 

Vegetability;    vegetable  oil,  Pulpiness-Oiliness; 

vegetable  physiology,  Zoology-Botany. 
veg"-e-ta'-ri-an.     One  who  lives  on  vegetables.     Mod- 

eration-Selfindulgence. 
veg"-e-ta'-ri-an-ism.         The    theory    and   practise    of 

living  wholly  on  vegetables.        Moderation-Self- 

INDULGENCE. 


VEGETATE. 


1137 


VENTRILOQUIST 


veg'-e-tate.  Grow;  live  passively.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Enlargement-Diminution,  Entity-Non- 
entity, Sensitiveness- Apathy. 

veg'-e-ta-tion.  Plant  life.  Movement-Rest,  Sensi- 
tiveness-Apathy. 

veg'-e-ta"-tive .  Growing,  or  having  the  power  of 
growing,  as  plants.     Sensitiveness-Apathy. 

veg'-e-tous.     Vigorous.     Fauna-Flora. 

ve'-he-mence.  Impetuosity;  fervor.  Excitability, 
Feeling,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

V3'-he-ment.  Eager;  ardent.  Excitability-Inex- 
citability,  Force- Weakness,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

ve'-hi-cle.  Carriage;  medium.  Conveyance -Vessel, 
Instrumentality,  Traveling-Navigation. 

veil.  Curtain;  concealment.  Cover-Lining,  Dress- 
Undress,  Enlightenment -Secrecy,  Exposure- 
Hidingplace,  Luminary-Shade;  draw  aside  the 
veil,  Exposure-Hidingplace;  take  the  veil,  Church, 
Sociability- Privacy. 

veiled.     Concealed.     Visibility-Invisibility. 

vein.  Quality;  stripe.  Affections,  Breadth-Nar- 
rowness, Inclination,  Lamina-Fiber,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance, Store;  in  the  vein,  Readiness- 
Reluctance;  not  in  the  vein,  Readiness-Reluc- 
tance. 

veined.     Streaked.     Variegation. 

veldt.     Open  country.     Gulf-Plain. 

velis  et  remis  [L.]  (vi'-lis  et  ri'-mis).  With  sails  and 
oars.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

vel"-i-ta'-tion.     Skirmish.     Strife-Peace. 

vel-le'-i-ty.     Desire.     Volition-Obligation. 

vel'-li-cate.     Twitch.     Agitation. 

vel'-li-ca"-ting.     Twitching.     Pungency. 

vel'-lum.     Parchrnent.     Writing-Printing. 

ve'-lo.  Velocity  of  one  foot  per  second.  Mensura- 
tion, Swiftness-Slowness. 

veloce[lt.]  (vg-lo'-che) .     Swiftly.      Music. 

ve-loc'-i-pede.     Vehicle.     Conveyance-Vessel. 

ve-loc'-i-ty.  Rapidity.  Lastingness-Transient- 
ness,  Movement-Rest,  Swiftness-Slowness;  an- 
gular velocity,  Activity-Indolence,  Angularity, 
Hurry-Leisure. 

veluti  in  speculum  [L.]  (vel'-yu-tai  in  spcc'-yu-lum) . 
As    in    a    looking-glass.  Likeness-Unlikeness, 

Movement-Rest,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

vel'-vet.         Fabric;    soft.  Sensuality-Suffering, 

Smoothness- Roughness;     on  velvet,    Difficulty- 
Facility. 

vel"-vet-een\  Kind  of  cloth.  Smoothness-Rough- 
ness. 

vel'-vet-y.  Made  of  velvet  or  like  velvet.  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness. 

vena  [L.]  (vi'-na).     Vein.     Watercourse-Airpipe. 

ve'-nal.  Purchasable;  sordid;  pertaining  to  the  blood. 
Anatomy,  Extravagance- Avarice,  Price -Dis- 
count, Unselfishness -Selfishness,  Upright- 
ness-Dishonesty. 

ve-nal'-l-ty.  Mercenariness.  Extravagance-Ava- 
rice, Uprightness- Dishonesty. 

ve-na'-tion.     Hunting.     Quest-Evasion. 

vend.     Sell.     Buying-Sale. 

ven-dee'.     Buyer.     Buying-Sale. 

vend'-er.     Seller.     Buying-Sale. 

ven-det'-ta.     Feud.     Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

vend'-i-ble-ness.     Salable.     Buying-Sale. 

vend-i-bil'-i-ty.  The  state  of  being  vendible.  Buying- 
Sale. 

vend'-i-ble.     Vendibility.     Buying-Sale. 

ven"-di-ta'-tion.      Exposition  for  sale.     Bragging. 

ven'-dor.     Seller.     Buying-Sale. 

ven-due'.     Auction.     Buying-Sale. 

ve-neer'.      Coating;  polish.      Cover-Lining,  Lamina- 
Fiber. 
72 


ven"-e-na'-tion.  Poisoning.  Betterment-Deterio- 
ration. 

venerium  in  auro,  bibere  [L.]  (vi-ni'-num  in  au'-ro, 
bib'-i-ri) .  To  drink  poison  from  a  gold  cup.  Ref- 
uge-Pitfall, Remedy-Bane. 

ven'-er-a-ble.  Aged;  estimable.  Infancy-Age,  Nov- 
elty-Antiquity, Regard-Disrespect,  Sage-Fool. 

ven'-er-ate.     To  reverence.     Regard-Disrespect. 

ven"-er-a'-tion.  Respect;  piety.  Godliness-Ungod' 
liness,  Regard-Disrespect. 

ven'-er-y.  Chase;  indulgence.  Life-Killing,  Purity- 
Impurity,  Quest-Evasion. 

ven"-e-sec'-tion.  Blood-letting.  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Remedy-Bane. 

Ve-ne'-tian  blinds.     Shade.     Watercourse-Airpipe. 

venge'-ance.  Revenge.  Pardon-Vindictiveness; 
cry  to  heaven  for  vengeance,  Right-Wrong;  with  a 
vengeance,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Turbulence- 
Calmness. 

venge'-ful.     Vindictive.     Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

ve'-ni-a-ble.     Pardonable.     Justification-Charge. 

ve'-ni-al.  Pardonable.  Innocence-Guilt,  Justiii- 
cation-Charge. 

veniam  petimusque  damusque  vicissim  [L.]  (vi'ni-am 
pet-i-mus'-qui  da-mus'-qui  vai-sis'-sim) .  We  Loth 
seek  pardon  and  on  the  other  hand  give  it.  Pardon- 
Vindictiveness. 

venienii  occurrere  morbo  [L.]  (vi-ni-cn'-tai  oc-cur'-er-i 
mor'-bo).     To  meet  disease  coming.      Preparation- 

NoNPREPARATION. 

ve-ni'-re.     Kind  of  legal  writ.     Litigation. 

ven'-i-son.  Flesh  of  deer.  Pai.atableness-Unpala- 
tableness. 

vent,  vidt,  vici  [L.]  (vi'-nai,  vai'-dai,  vai'-sai).  I  came, 
I  saw,  I  conquered.  Activity-Indolence,  Success- 
Failure. 

ven'-om.  Poison.  Charitableness-Malevolence, 
Remedy-Bane. 

ven'-om-ous.  Noxious;  baneful.  Charitableness- 
Malevolence,  Goodness-Badness,  Healthiness- 
Unhealthiness,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

ve'-nous.     Marked  with  veins.     Variegation. 

vent.  To  utter;  hole.  Aperture-Closure,  Buying- 
Sale,  Entrance-Exit,  Exposure-Hidingplace, 
Perspicuity-Obscurity,  Watercourse-Airpipe  ; 
find  vent,  Entrance-Exit,  Perspicuity-Obscurity, 
Publicity,  Transmission;  give  vent  to,  Admission- 
Expulsion,  Exposure-Hidingplace;  vent  one's 
rage,  Favorite-Anger  ;  vent  one's  spleen,  Favorite- 
Anger. 

ven'-ter.     Abdomen.     Contents-Receiver. 

ven'-ti-duct.     Air-passage.     Watercourse-Airpipe. 

ven'-ti-late.  Air;  render  pure.  Beginning-End, 
Cleanness -Filthiness,  Essay,  River -Wind, 
Water- Air;  ventilate  a  question,  Investigation- 
Answer,  Ratiocination-Instinct. 

ven"-ti-la'-tion.  The  act  of  ventilating,  or  the  state  of 
being  ventilated.  Investigation-Answer,  Rati- 
ocination-Instinct, River-Wind,  Water-Air. 

ven"-ti-la'-tor.  Air-passage.  River-Wind,  Water- 
course-Airpipe. 

ven-tos'-i-ty.     Windiness.     River-Wind. 

vent'-peg.  Safety-valve.  Perforator-Stopper,  Per- 
spicuity-Obscurity, Refuge-Pitfall. 

ventre  a  terre  [F.]  (vantr  a  ter).  Belly  to  ground. 
Swiftness-Slowness. 

ven'-tri-cle.  Chamber  of  heart.  Contents-Re- 
ceiver. 

ven-tric'-u-lar.  Of  or  pertaining  to  a  ventricle.  Con- 
tents-Receiver. 

ven-tril'-c-quism.     Voice.     Vocalization-Muteness. 

ven-tril'-o-quist.  One  who  speaks  in  such  a  manner 
that  his  voice  seems  to  come  from  some  distant  or 
different  place.     Vocalization-Muteness. 


VENTURE. 


1138 


VERBOSITY. 


ven'-ture.  Risk;  undertake.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Purpose-Luck,  Security-Insecurity,  Venture; 
I'll  venture  to  say,  Assertion-Denial. 

VENTURE. 

Adventure.     A  dangerous  or  uncertain  undertaking. 
Attempt.     An  effort  to  effect  something. 
Coup  d'essai  [F.J     A  first  attempt. 
D&but  [F.].     The  first  appearance  before  the  public. 
Endeavor.     A  continued  attempt. 
Essay.     An  attempt  or  effort  made. 

Probation.     Any  proceeding  designed  to  test  character,  qualifica- 
tions, attainments,  etc. 
Speculation.     A  more  or  less  risky  investment  of  money. 
Trial.     A  proving  or  testing  by  experience  or  use. 
Venture.     An  undertaking  attended  with  risk. 

Venture — Verbs. 
Adventure.     To  venture. 
Attempt.     To  make  an  effort  to  do. 
Endeavor.     To  make  continuous  attempts. 
Essay.     To  make  weak  attempts. 
Experiment.     To  make  tests. 

Push.     To  press  forward  with  continued  and  unwearied  effort. 
Speculate.     To  invest  money  or  do  business  on  great  risks. 
Strive.     To  make  an  effort. 
Tempt.     To  test. 

Try.     To  exercise  power  to  observe  the  result. 
Venture.     To  risk  with  good  chances  of  gaining. 

Venture — Verbal  Expressions. 

Do  one's  best  (see  Toil);  feel  one's  way;  grope  one's  way;  make 
a  bold  push;  make  an  attempt;  pick  one's  way;  take  one's 
chances;  tempt  fortune;  try  hard;  try  one's  fortune;  try  one's 
hand;  try  one's  luck;  use  one's  best  endeavor;  use  one's  en- 
deavor. 

Venture — .4  djectives . 

Empirical.     Not  resting  on  a  scientific  basis. 

Essaying.     Making  weak  attempts.     See  Verbs. 

Experimental.     Hazardous. 

Probationary.     Undergoing  trial. 

Tentative.     Hazardous,  with  the  hope  of  good  resulting. 

Venture — Adverbs,  etc. 
At  a  venture.     Without  seeing  the  result. 
By  rule  of  thumb.     Judging  roughly. 
Experimentally.     By  way  of  trial.     See  Adjectives. 
If  one  may  be  so  bold.     If  one  may  venture. 
On  trial.     Undergoing  a  test. 

Venture — Phrases. 
Aut  non  tentaris  aut  perfice    [L.J.     Either  do  not  attempt  or  else 

achieve.     [Ovid,  A rs  a matoria,  I,  389.] 
Chi  non  s'arrischia  non  guadagua  [It.].     Nothing  venture,  nothing 

have. 

ven'-ture-some.  Bold.  Bravery-Cowardice,  Reck- 
lessness-Caution. 

Vent'-ur-ous.  Venturesome.  Bravery-Cowardice, 
Recklessness-Caution. 

Ve'-nus.  The  goddess  of  love;  beauty;  a  planet. 
Astronomy,  Beauty-Ugliness,  Love-Hate. 

ve  ra'-cious.  Truthful.  Truth-Error,  Truthful- 
ness-Falsehood, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

ve-ran'-da.  A  portico.  Architecture,  Contents- 
Receiver. 

verb.  A  part  of  speech  which  asserts,  declares,  or 
predicates.  Verb;  primitive  verb,  Verb;  principal 
verb,  Verb  ;  reflexive  verb,  Verb  ;  regular  verb,  Verb  ; 
strong  verb,  Verb;  substantive  verb,  Verb;  transi- 
tive verb,  Verb  ;  weak  verb,  Verb. 

VERB. 

Verb.  A  part  of  speech  which  asserts,  declares,  or  predicates  some- 
thing. 

Verb — Kinds. 

Adjective  verb.  One  that  can  form  the  copula  and  the  predicate  of 
a  proposition. 

Auxiliary  verb.     One  used  to  assist  in  the  conjugation  of  another. 

Common  verb.  One  that  can  form  the  copula  and  the  predicate  of 
a  proposition 


Copulative  verb.     One  that  predicates  an  adjective  or  noun. 
Defective  verb.     One  wanting  in  some  of  its  forms. 
Derived  verb.     One  made  up  of  two  or  more  other  words. 
Impersonal  verb.     One  with  no  logical  subject  conceived  of  or  ex- 


Intransitive  verb.     One  that  denotes  a  complete  act  or  state. 

Irregular  verb.     One  which  forms  its  parts  irregularly. 

Neuter  verb.     An  intransitive  verb. 

Primitive  verb.     One  not  derived  from  other  words. 

Principal  verb.     The  main  verb  when  an  auxiliary  is  used. 

Reflexive  verb.     Verb  followed  by  a  reflexive  pronoun. 

Regular  verb.     One  that  forms  its  past  tense  and  past  participle  by 

adding  d  or  ed  to  the  present. 
Strong  verb.     An  irregular  verb. 

Substantive  verb.     One  that  can  form  the  copula  of  a  proposition. 
Transitive  verb.     One  denoting  an  act  as  affecting  some  object. 
Weak  verb.     Regular  verb. 

Verb — Attributes. 
Mode.     The  verb-form  used  to  express  action,  etc.,  in  a  particular 
manner. 

Imperative.     Mode  of  command, 

Indicative.     Mode  of  simple  assertion  or  question. 

Infinitive.     Mode  used  as  a  noun. 

Participle.     Mode  used  as  an  adjective. 

Potential.     Mode  used  to  express  possibility,  necessity,  or  duty. 

Subjunctive.     Mode  used  to  express  a  condition. 
Number.     Form  of  a  verb  dependent  upon  the  number  of  the  subject. 
Person.     Form  of  a  verb  dependent  upon  the  person  of  the  subject. 
Tense.     Form  of  the  verb  to  indicate  time,  or  the  continuance  or 
completedness  of  the  action,  being,  or  state. 

Aorisi.     A  Greek  tense  expressing  a  completed  action  as  a  sim- 
ple occurrence. 

Future.     Tense  denoting  future  time. 

Future  perfect.     Tense    denoting  action  complete   before  some 
future  time. 

Imperfect.     The  past  tense. 

Past.     Tense  denoting  past  time. 

Past  perfect.     Tense  denoting  action  complete  before  some  past 
time. 

Perfect.     The  present  perfect. 

Pluperfect.     The  past  perfect. 

Present.     Tense  denoting  present  time. 

Present  perfect.     Tense    denoting    an  action    complete  at  the 
present  time. 

Preterite.     The  past  tense. 
Voice.     The  relation  of  the  subject  of  a  verb  to  the  action  expressed. 

Active.     Voice  where  the  subject  is  acting. 

Passive.     Voice  where  the  subject  is  acted  upon. 

Verb— Associated  Nouns. 

Conjugation.     Inflection  of  a  verb. 

Emphatic  form.     Form  with  auxiliary  do,  used  for  emphasis. 

Inflection.  The  changes  undergone  by  words  to  express  their  rela- 
tions and  attributes. 

Interrogative  form.  Form  with  auxiliary  do  [preceding  the  subject, 
used  in  asking  questions. 

Progressive  form.  Form  with  be  joined  to  present  participle,  used 
to  indicate  action  as  going  on. 

Verbal  adjective.     Participle  which  has  lost  its  verbal  force. 

ver'-bal.  Spoken.  Word-Neology;  verbal  inter- 
course, Conversation-Monologue,  Speech-Inar- 
ticulateness;    verbal   quibble,    Adage-Nonsense, 

WlTTINESS-DuLNESS. 

ver'-bal-ly.     Orally.     Word-Neology. 

ver-ba'-ri-an.     Word  coiner.     Word-Neology. 

ver-ba'-tim.  Word  for  word.  Imitation-Original- 
ity, Truth-Error,  Word-Neology. 

ver'-bi-age.  Wordiness.  Meaning-Jargon,  Terse 
ness-Prolixity. 

verbis,  ad  verbera  [L.]  (ver'-bis,  ad  ver'-bi-ra).  From 
words  to  blows.     Strife- Peace. 

verbis,  totidem  [L.]  (ver'-bis,  tot'-i-dem).  In  so  many- 
words.     Truth-Error. 

verborum,  copia  [L.]  (ver-bo'-rum,  co'-pi-a).  An 
abundance  of  words.  Speech-Inarticulateness, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity,  Terseness- Prolix- 
ity. 

ver-bose'.     Wordy.     Terseness-Prolixity. 

ver-bos'-i-ty.  Prolixity.  Rhetoric,  Talkativeness- 
Taciturnity,  Terseness-Prolixity. 


VERBUM. 


1139 


VESTIBULE. 


vtrbum  sapienti  [L.]  (ver'-bum  se-pi-en'-tai) .  A 
word  to  the  wise.     Enlightenment-Secrecy. 

verbum  sat  sapienti  [L  ]  (ver'-bum  sat  se-pi-en'-tai). 
A  word  to  the  wise  is  sufficient.     Advice,  Warning. 

ver'-dant.  Green.  Fauna-Flora,  Redness-Green- 
ness. 

verd"-an-tique'.  Ancient  green;  ornaments  of  stone. 
Redness-Greenness. 

ver'-dict.  Decision.  Decision-Misjudgment,  Liti- 
gation; snatch  a  verdict,  Craft-Artlessness, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

ver'-di-gris.     Paint.     Redness-Greenness. 

ver'-di-ter.     Paint.     Redness-Greenness. 

ver-dun'.     Dueling-rapier.     Weapon. 

ver'-dure.  Vegetation.  Fauna-Flora,  Redness- 
Greenness. 

ver'-e-cund.  Shy.  Conceit-Diffidence,  Selfre- 
spect-Humbleness. 

verecundiam,  argumentum  ad  [L.]  (ver-i-cun'-di-am, 
ar-giu-men'-tum    ad).  Argument    appealing    to 

modesty.      Conceit-Diffidence,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

ver"-e-cun'-di-ty.       Modesty.       Conceit-Diffidence, 
Selfrespect-Humbleness. 
.  verein  [G.]  (fer-ain').     Association.     Association. 

verge.  Brink.  Aim-Aberration,  Border,  Bound- 
ary, Inclination,  Remoteness-Nearness. 

ver'-gent.     Nearingan  end.     Beginning-End. 

ver'-ger.     Mace-bearer.     Ministry-Laity. 

ver-gette'.     Pallet.     Painting. 

ve-rid'-ic-al.    Truthful.     Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

ver'-i-est.     Degree.     Magnitude-Smallness. 

ver"-i-fi-ca'-tion.     Confirmation.     Security,  Trial. 

ver'-i-fy.  Substantiate;  fulfil.  Discovery,  Evidence- 
Counterevidence,  Proof,  Trial. 

ver'-i-ly.     Truly.     Truth-Error. 

ver"-i-si-mil'-i-tude .  Likelihood.  Likelihood-Un- 
likelihood. 

ver'-i-ta-ble.     True.     Truth-Error. 

Veritas,  et  praevalet,  magna  est  [L.]  (ver'-i-tas,  et  prev'- 
e-let,  mag'-na  est).  Great  is  truth,  and  it  prevails. 
Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

Veritas,  nuda  [L.]  (ver'-i-tas,  niu'-da).  Naked  truth. 
Truth-Error. 

Veritas  odium  parit  [L.]  (ver'-i-tas  o'-di-um  pe'-rit). 
Truth  engenders  hatred.  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

veritatis  simplex  oratio  est  [L.]  (ver"-i-te'-tis  sim'-plex 
o-re'-shi-o  est) .  The  language  of  the  truth  is  simple. 
Embellishment-Simplicity,  Truthfulness-False- 
hood. 

ve'rite' ,en  suivant  la  [F.]  (ve-ri-te',  an'' swi- van' la).  In 
following  the  truth.     Truth-Error. 

ve'rite',  palais  de  [F.]  (ve-ri-te',  pa-le'  de).  Palace  of 
truth.     Craft-Artlessness. 

ve'rite'  sans  peur  [F.]  (v6-ri-te'  san'  pur).  Truth  with- 
out fear.     Truthfulness-Falsehood. 

ver'-i-ty.     Truthfulness.     Truth-Error. 

ver'-juice.      Sour  juice.     Sweetness-Acidity. 

ver"-mi-cel'-li.  Wheat  paste.  Nutriment-Excre- 
tion. 

ver-mic'-u-lar.  Worm-like.  Circle-Winding,  Fauna- 
Flora. 

ver'-mi-form.     Worm-shaped.     Circle- Winding. 

ver-mil'-ion.     Red  color.     Redness-Greenness. 

ver'-min.  Animal;  low  person.  Cleanness-Filthi- 
ness,  Fauna-Flora,  Gentility-Commonalty. 

ver-nac'-u-lar.  Mother  tongue.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion, Habit  -  Desuetude,  Language,  Outside- 
Inside. 

ver'-nal.  Spring.  Morning-Evening,  Novelty-An- 
tiquity; vernal  equinox,  Astronomy. 

ver'-ni-er.  Scale.  Greatness-Littleness;  vernier 
scale,  Mensuration. 


ver  non  semper  viret  [L.]  (ver  non  sem'-per  vai'-ret). 
Spring  does  not  always  flourish.  Opportuneness- 
Unsuitableness. 

vero  e  affronterai  il  diavolo,  di  il  [It.]  (ve'-ro  e  af-fron- 
ter'-ai  il  di-a-vo'-lo,  di  il) .  Speak  the  truth  and  you 
will  shame  the  devil.  Jove-Fiend,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

ve-ron'-i-ca.     Handkerchief.     Devotion-Charm. 

vero,  vitam  impendere  [L.]  (vl'-ro,  vai'-tam  im-pen'- 
di-ri).  To  pay  down  one's  life  for  truth.  Asser- 
tion-Denial, Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

verrons,  nous  [F.]  (ve-ron',  nu).      We  shall  see.      Ex 
pectation-Surprise. 

ver'-sa-tile.     Many-sided.     Mutability-Stability. 

ver"-sa-til'-i-ty.  Aptness  to  change.  Mutability- 
Stability. 

verse.  Line.  Poetry-Prose,  Rhetoric,  Whole- 
Part. 

versed  in.     Know.     Knowledge-Ignorance. 

ver'-si-col"-or.     Variegated.     Variegation. 

ver"-si-fi-ca'-tion.  Metrical  composition.  Poetry- 
Prose. 

ver'-si-fi-er.     One  who  versifies.     Poetry-Prose. 

ver'-si-fy.     Write  poetry.     Poetry-Prose. 

ver'-sion.  Translation;  opinion.  Interpretation- 
Misinterpretation,  Universality-Particularity. 

ver'-sus.  Against.  Aim-Aberration,  Antagonism- 
Concurrence. 

vert.     Green.     Redness-Greenness. 

ver'-te-bra.  Portion  of  the  spinal  column.  Suspen- 
sion-Support. 

ver'-tex.     Apex.     Top-Bottom. 

ver'-tic-al.       Upright.       Anatomy,  Erectness-Flat- 

NESS. 

ver'-tic-al-ly.  In  a  vertical  manner.  Erectness- 
Flatness. 

ver"-ti-cal'-i-ty.    Verticalness.     Erectness-Flatness. 

ver-tic'-i-ty.     Turning.     Revolution-Evolution. 

ver-tig'-i-nous.  Whirling.  Revolution,  Saneness- 
Lunacy. 

ver'-ti-go.  Dizziness.  Revolution-Evolution,  Sane- 
ness-Lunacy. 

verve.  Spirit,  imagination.  Fancy,  Feeling,  Force- 
Weakness. 

ver'-y.  True;  extremely.  Magnitude-Smallness; 
very  best,  Goodness-Badness;  very  image,  Deline- 
ation-Caricature; very  likely,  Likelihood-Un- 
likelihood; very  many,  Multiplicity-Paucity; 
very  minute,  Eternity-Instantaneity;  very  much, 
Magnitude-Smallness;  very  picture,  Likeness-Un- 
likeness;  very  small,  Magnitude-Smallness;  very 
thing,  Harmony-Discord,  Sameness-Contrast, 
Truth-Error;  very  true,  Assent-Dissent;  very 
well,  Assent-Dissent,  Contentedness-Discontent- 
ment. 

ves'-i-cal.  Bladder.  Cover-Lining,  Imitation- 
Originality,  Roundness. 

ve-sic'-u-lar.  Air-bladders.  Aperture -Closure, 
Contents- Receiver. 

ves'-pers.     Evening  service.     Devotion-Idolatry. 

ves'-per-tine.     Evening.     Morning-Evening. 

ves'-sel.  Receptacle;  craft.  Aperture-Closure, 
Conveyance-Vessel,  Contents-Receiver. 

vest.  Garment;  put  on.  Dress-Undress,  Estab- 
lishment-Removal; vest  in,  Giving-Receiving, 
Holding-Exemption. 

ves'-ta.     Match.     Combustible. 

ves'-tal.  Priestess  of  Vesta  vowed  to  chastity.  Purity- 
Impurity. 
vest'-ed.  Held;  legal.  Law-Lawlessness,  Mutabil- 
ity-Stability; vested  in,  Establishment-Removal; 
vested  interest,  Dueness-Undueness,  Property. 
ves'-ti-bule.  Entrance.  Beginning-End,  Contents- 
Receiver. 


VESTIGE. 


1140 


VIBRATION. 


ves'-Uge.    Trace.    Mark-Obliteration. 

vestigia  nulla  retrorsum  [L.]  (ves-tij'-i-a  nul'-la  ri-tror'- 
sum..  No  footsteps  backward.  Advance-Retro- 
gression, Discontinuance-Continuance.  Persist- 
ence-Whim. 

vest'-ments.     Dress.     Dress-Undress,  Vestments. 

VESTMENTS. 

Alb.     A  long,  rich,  linen   vestment,  with  close  sleeves,   worn  by 
I     priests  over  the  cassock  and  amice. 
Alba.     An  alb. 
Amice.     A  fine,  white,  linen  collar  with  hood  attached,  worn  by 

priests. 
Apron.     A  part  of  a  bishop's  dress  worn  in  front. 
Bands.     A  pair  of  linen  strips  suspended  from  the  neck  in  front, 

and  Torn  with  clerical  vestments. 
Birettu.     A  square  cap  worn  by  Roman  Catholic  officials. 

Cajole,  j.  A  skull-cap  worn  by  Roman  Catholic  ecclesiasts. 

Calotte,  i 

Canonicals.     The  official  robes  of  clergymen. 

Capouch.     A  hood  or  cowl  peculiar  to  the  Capuchin  monks. 

Cardinal's  hat.     A  red  hat  worn  by  cardinals. 

Cassock.     A  long,  plain,  close-fitting  garment  worn  under  vestments 

by  clergymen  of  the  Roman  Catholic  and  Anglican  Churches. 
Chasuble.      A  sleeveless  outer-garment  hanging  low  in  front  and 

behind,  with  a  cross  on  the  back,  worn  by  priests. 
Cope.     A  long  vestment  worn  over  the  alb  by  Roman  Catholic 

clergymen  on  solemn  occasions. 
Costume.     All  the  garments  worn  at  one  time.     See  Dress. 
Cowl.     A  hooded  garment,  or  the  hood  alone,  worn  by  monks. 
Crosier.     A  staff  with  the  head  crooked,  or  mounted  with  a  cross; 

a  mark  of  the  office  of  bishop  or  archbishop. 
Dalmatic.     A  tunic  with  wide  sleeves,  worn  over  the  alb  and  cassock 

by  deacons  during  mass  or  communion. 
Fannel.l  A  cloth  used  for  handling   holy  vessels  or  the   offertory 
Fanon.  J      bread. 

Frock.     A  long,  loose-sleeved  robe  worn  by  monks. 
Gown.     A  long,  loose  robe  worn  by  clergymen,  judges,  professors, 

and  students. 
Hood.     A  flexible  head-covering,  as  those  worn  by  monks. 
Lawn-sleeves.     The  sleeves  of  a  bishop's  vestments  in  the  Anglican 

Church. 
Miter.     A  tall,  double-peaked  cap  worn  by  Church  dignitaries. 
Mozetta.     A  cape  worn  by  various  dignitaries  of  the  Roman  Catholic 

Church. 
Pall.     A  covering  for  a  chalice,  made  of  a  square  piece  of  cardboard 

faced  with  embroidered  linen. 
Pallium.     A  vestment  of  the  pope  and  sometimes  of  the  archbishops. 
Pastoral  staff.     A  staff  carried  as  a  mark  of  ecclesiastical  authority 

by  archbishops,  etc.;  the  head  is  usually  curved,  but  sometimes 

bears  a  cross. 
Pontificals.     The  dress  and  other  distinctive  insignia  of  a  pontiff,  as 

a  bishop. 
Robe.     The  chasuble  of  former  days. 
Scapulary.     A  cloak  with  hood  used  mostly  as  a  working  dress  by 

monks  of  certain  orders. 
Scarf.     A  light   and  ornamented  garment  worn  loosely  over  the 

shoulders. 
Shovel-hat.     A  broad-brimmed  hat  turned  up  at  the  sides,  and  with 

a  front  projection,  worn  by  clergymen  of  the  Church  of  England. 
Stole.     A  narrow  band,  having  the  ends  fringed,  worn  by  clergymen 

of  the  Roman  Catholic.  Oriental,  and  Angliean  Churches  while  par- 
ticipating in  public  services. 
Surplice.     A  loose  white  vestment  with  flowing  sleeves,  worn  by 

Anglican.  Moravian,  and  Roman  Catholic  clergymen,  also  by  the 

members  of  vested  choirs. 
Thurifer.     One  who  bears  incense, 
riara.     The  triple  crown  of  the  pope. 
Tonsure.     The  shaving  of  the  head  or  a  part  of  it    when  entering 

the  priesthood  or  a  monastic  order 
Triple  crown.     A  tiara. 
Tunicle.     A  short  vestment  worn  over  an  alb  by  deacons  in  solemn 

ceremonies. 
Vakass.     A  vestment  of  the  Armenian  Church. 
Vestments.     An  official  garment  of  clergymen. 

ves'-try.     Room;  council.     Church,  Council,  Fane. 
ves'-ture.     Clothing.     Dress-Undress. 
ve-su'-vi-an.     Volcanic.     Combustible. 
vet'-er-an.      Old;  soldier.      Adept-Bungler,  Bellig- 
erent. Infant-Veteran. 


vet'-er-i-na-ry  art.  Healing  animals.  Domestica- 
tion-Agriculture. 

veieris  vestigia  flammce  [L.]  (vet'-e-ris  -ves-tij'-i-a 
flam'-mi).  The  traces  of  the  old  flame.  Habit- 
Desuetude,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

ve'-to.     Interdict.     Leave-Prohibition. 

vetturino  [It.]  (vet"-tu-ri'-no) .  Driver._  Manager. 
Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

vex.     Annoy.     Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

vexata  qucesiio  [L.]  (vex-a'-ta  ques'-ti-o).  Vexed 
question.  Difficulty-Facility,    Variance-Ac- 

cord. 

vex-a'-tion.  Irritation.  Pleasure-Pain,  Pleasura- 
bleness-Painfulness; vexation  of  spirit,  Content- 
edness-Discontentment,  Pleasure-Pain. 

vex-a'-tious.  Troublesome.  Pleasurableness- 

Painfulness. 

vexed  ques'-tion.  Difficulty.  Difficulty-Facility, 
Variance-Accord. 

vex'-il-la-ry.     Standard-bearer.     Chief-Underling. 

vex'-il-lum.     Flag.     Sign. 

vi'-bro-scope.  Instrument  for  measuring  vibrations. 
Vibration. 

vi  el  annis  [L.]  (vai  et  ar'-mis).  By  force  and  arms. 
Coercion,  Toil-Relaxation,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

via  [L.]  (vai'-a).     Byway.     Aim-Aberration,  Way. 

via  lactea  [L.]  (vai  lac'-ti-a).     Milky  Way.    Universe. 

via  tentanda  est  [L.]  (vai'-a  ten-tan'-da  est) .  A  way 
must  be  attempted.     Determination-Vacillation. 

via  trita,  via  tuta  [L.]  (vai'-a  trai'-ta,  vai'-a  tiu'-ta).  The 
beaten  path,  the  safe  path.     Security-Insecurity. 

vi'-a-duct.     Bridge.     Way. 

vi'-al.     Glass  vessel.     Contents-Receiver. 

vi'-als.  Vessels.  Vials  of  hate,  Love-Hate;  vials  ot 
wrath,  Favorite-Anger. 

vi'-ands.     Food.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

vi-at'  i-cum.  Provision;  rite.  Ceremonial,  Provi- 
sion- Waste. 

vi'-brate.  Swing.  Vibration;  vibrate  between  two 
extremes,  Mutability-Stability. 

vi'-bra-tile. .  Adapted  to,  or  used  in,  vibratory  motion. 
Vibration. 

vi-bra'-tion.     Oscillation.     Vibration. 

VIBRATION. 

Alternation.  Return  from  one  condition,  place,  or  state  to  anothel 
and  back  again. 

Beat.     A  regular  recurrent  throb  or  pulsation. 

Coming  and  going.     A  motion  hither  and  thither. 

Dance.     A  series  of  rhythmic  bodily  movements  and  steps. 

Dodge.     A  motion  from  side  to  side. 

Ebb  and  flow.     A  rising  and  falling,  as  the  water  of  the  ocean. 

Fluctuation.     A  state  of  irregular  passing  backward  and  forward. 

Flux  and  reflux.     A  continuous  flowing  in  and  out. 

Lib  rati  on.     The  act  or  state  of  oscillating. 

Lurch.     A  sudden  swaying  or  rolling  to  one  side,  as  a  ship. 

Motion  of  a  pendulum.     A  motion  to  and  fro. 

Nutation.     A  constant  oscillation  or  nodding  of  the  head. 

Oscillation.     The  act  or  state  of  swinging  in  a  to  and  fro  motion. 

Pulsation.     The  act  of  moving  with  rhythmical  impulses. 

Pulse.  The  rhythmic  beating  of  the  arteries  due  to  the  passage  of 
blood-waves. 

See-saw.     Any  up  and  down  movement. 

Shake.  A  short  and  abruptly  checked  movement,  such  as  up  and 
down,  from  side  to  side,  etc. 

Swing.     To  and  fro  vibrating  motion. 

Undulation.     Motion  in  wave  form. 

Ups  and  downs.     Variations  of  fortune. 

Vacillation,  etc.  Moving  in  a  wavering  motion.  See  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation. 

Vibration.     A  swinging  or  oscillating  motion. 

Vibratiuncle.     A  slight  vibration. 

Vibroscope.     A  device  for  registering  vibrations. 

Wag.     Motion  from  side  to  side. 

Wave.     The  rising  and  falling  of  the  waters  of  the  ocean. 


VIBRATION. 


1141 


VIEW. 


Vibration — Verbs. 

Alternate.     To  occur  in  turns. 

Beat.     To  pulsate;  vibrate. 

Bob.     To  move  with  a  jerky  motion. 

Bob  up  and  down.     To  move  regularly  up  and  down. 

Brandish.     To  shake  or  wave  defiantly,  as  a  sword. 

Come  and  go.     To  go  back  and  forth. 

Courtesy.  I  A  gesture  of  respect  or  honor  made  by  bending  the  knees 

Curtsy.     /      so  as  to  drop  the  body  and  then  raising  it  again. 

Curvet.     To  leap  or  bound. 

Dance.     To  move  in  a  rhythmic  motion  usually  to  time  marked  by 

music. 
Dangle.     To  hang  so  as  to  swing  loosely. 
Ebb  and  flow.     To  rise  and  fall  regularly. 
Flicker.     To  move  unsteadily  or  in  a  wavering  manner. 
Flounder.     To  move  unsteadily. 
Flourish.     To  wave  or  swing  about;  brandish. 
Fluctuate.     To  move  to  and  fro  in  an  irregular  manner. 
Libate.     To  pour  out  a  liquid. 

Move  up  and  down.    To  move  in  regular  motions  one  after  the  other. 
Nod.     To  bend  forward  and  downward. 
Oscillate.     To  vibrate  to  and  fro. 
Pass  and  repass.     To  go  back  and  forth. 
Pitch.     To  rise  and  fall  as  a  ship. 

Play.     To  move  with  quick,  capricious  motion,  as  a  sunbeam 
Pulsate.     To  beat  with  regular  rhythmic  motion. 
Quake.     To  tremble;  vibrate. 

Quaver.  1  ^,Q  move  w;tn  a  trembling  or  quavering  motion. 
Quiver.  ) 

Reel.     To  move  unsteadily. 
Rock.     To  move  from  side  to  side. 
Roll.     To  undulate  or  fluctuate,  as  waves. 
Shake.     To  move  to  and  fro  in  quick,  sudden  movements. 
Stagger.     To  move  from  side  to  side  in  an  unsteady  manner. 
Swag.     A  swaying,  wabbling  motion. 
Swagger.     To  move  with  a  swaying  motion. 
Swing.     To  move  to  and  fro  with  an  oscillating  motion. 
Tick.     To  make  a  small,  recurring,  clicking  sound. 
Toss.     To  move  with  a  quick,  jerky  motion. 
Totter.     To  move  or  walk  unsteadily;  waver. 
Undulate.     To  move  in  a  wave-like  motion. 

Vacillate,  etc.     To  move  in  an  irresolute  manner.     See  Determina- 
tion-Vacillation. 
Vibrate.     To  move  back  and  forth,  as  a  pendulum. 
Wabble.     To  move  unsteadily. 

Wag.     To  sway;  oscillate;  move  in  opposite  directions. 
Waggle.     To  move  in  unsteady,  quick  motions. 
Wamble.     To  move  to  and  fro  in  an  irregular  manner. 
Wave.     To  move  with  an  undulatory  motion. 
Wiggle.     To  move  to  and  fro  in  a  quick,  squirming  manner. 

Vibration — Adjectives. 

Libratory.     Oscillating;  balancing. 

Oscillating,  etc.     Moving  to  and  fro.     See  Verbs. 

PendulouTl  Moving  like  a  Pendulum- 

Pulsatory,  etc.     In  a  pulsating  manner.     See  Nouns. 

Undulating.      Rising  and  falling  like  waves 

Vibratile.     Vibratory. 

Vibratory.     Moving  to  and  fro. 

Vibration — Adverbs,  etc. 

Backward  and  forward.     Toward  and  away. 

From  side  to  side.     Here  and  there. 

In  and  out.     To  and  fro. 

Like  buckets  in  a  well.     Swinging  up  and  down. 

See-saw.     Up  and  down. 

To  and  fro.     Hither  and  thither. 

Up  and  down. 

Wibble-wabble.     Unsteady. 

Zigzag.     In  a  sharp-angled  manner. 

vi-bra'-ti-un"-cle.     A  small  vibration.     Vibration. 

vi'-bra-to-ry.  Changeable.  Mutability-Stability, 
Vibration.  " 

vic'-ar.  Substitute;  clergyman.  Goodness-Badness, 
Ministry- Laity,  Representative;  vicar  of  Bray, 
Bigotry- Apostasy,  Presumption-Obsequiousness. 

vic'-ar-age.     Residence.     Fane. 

vi-ca'-ri-ate.     Office.     Church. 

vi-ca'-ri-ous .  Substituted.  Commutation-Permu- 
tation. 


vic'-ar-sbip.     Office.     Church. 

vice.  Substitute;  vise;  wickedness.  Instrument, 
Keeping-Relinquishment,  Right-Wrong,  Teb- 
totalism-Intemperance,  Virtue- Vice. 

vice'-ad"-mi-ral.     Naval  officer.     Chief-Underling. 

vice'-chan'-cel-lor.  Judge.  Judge;  vice-chancellor's 
court,  Tribunal. 

vice-ge'-ren-cy.     Office.       Commission-Abrogation. 

vice-ge'-rent.  Deputy.  Consignee,  Representa- 
tive. 

vice'-pres'-i-dent.  Assistant  presiding  officer.  Man- 
ager, President-Member. 

vice-re'-gal.     Vice-royal.     Representative. 

vice'-roy.  Ruler.  Chief-Underling,  Representa- 
tive. 

vi-ces'-i-mal.  Occurring  by  twenties;  vi-ges'-i-mal. 
Five-Quinquesection. 

vi'-ce  ver'-sa.  Interchanged.  Commutation-Permu- 
tation, Interdependence,  Sameness-Contrast. 

vic'-i-nage.     Vicinity.     Remoteness-Nearness. 

vi-cin'-i-ty.     Proximity.     Remoteness-Nearness. 

vi'-cious.  Corrupt.  Approval-Disapproval,  Justi- 
fication-Charge, Virtue- Vice;  render  vicious, 
Betterment-Deterioration;  vicious  reasoning, 
Ratiocination-Casuistry. 

vi'-cious-ness.     Wickedness.     Virtue-Vice. 

vi-cis'-si-tude.     Change.     Mutability-Stability. 

vic'-tim.  Sacrifice ;  sufferer.  Gull-Deceiver,  Pleas- 
ure Pain,  Success-Failure. 

vic'-tim-ize.  Dupe;  kill.  Goodness-Badness,  Life- 
Killing,  Success-Failure,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

vic'-tim-ized.  Duped.  Pleasure-Pain,  Success- 
Failure. 

victis,  vce  [L.]  (vic'-tis,  vi).  Wo  to  the  conquered. 
Charitableness-Menace,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

vic'-tor.     Winner.     Success-Failure. 

vic-to'-ri-a.     Carriage.     Conveyance- Vessel. 

victoriam  nc  canas  triumphum,  ante  [L.]  (vic-to'-ri-am 
ni  ke'-nas  trai-um'-fum,  an'-ti).  Do  not  chant  your 
triumph  before  you  conquer.  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion, Sanguineness-Hopelessness. 

vic-to'-ri-ous.  Having  conquered  in  battle  or  contest. 
Success-Failure. 

vic'-tc-ry.     Overcoming.     Success-Failure. 

vict'-ual.     Food.     Provision-Waste. 

vict'-ual-er.  One  who  furnishes  victuals  or  provisions. 
Provision-Waste. 

vict'-uals.     Food.     Nutriment-Excretion. 

vide  et  crede  [L.]  (vai'-di  etcri'-di).  See  and  believe. 
Faith-Misgiving. 

vi-del'-i-cet.  Namely.  Interpretation-Misinter- 
pretation, Universality- Particularity, 

vide  ut  supra  [L.]  (vai'-di  ut  siu-pra).  See  what  is 
given  above.     Sign. 

vi-du'-i-ty.     Widowhood.     Matrimony-Divorce. 

vie.  Contend.  Goodness-Badness;  vie  with,  Strife- 
Peace. 

vielle  [F.]  (vi-el').  Hurdy-gurdy.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

view.  Look;  opinion;  painting;  end.  Appearance- 
Disappearance,  Conception-Theme,  Delineation- 
Caricature,  Faith-Misgiving,  Heed-Disregard, 
Purpose-Luck,  Sight-Blindness;  bring  into  view, 
Manifestation-Latency;  come  into  view,  Visibil- 
ity-Invisibility; commanding  view,  Sight-Blind- 
ness; in  view,  Expectation-Surprise,  Light-Dark- 
ness, Purpose-Luck,  Visibility-Invisibility;  keep 
in  view,  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Heed-Disre- 
gard; on  view,  Appearance-Disappearance;  pre- 
sent to  the  view,  Appearance-Disappearance; 
view  as,  Faith-Misgiving;  view  in  a  new  light,  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration; view  things  en  couleur 
de  rose,  Lightheartedness-  Dejection;  with  a 
view  to,  Purpose-Luck. 


VIEWLESS. 


1142 


VIGOR— INERTIA. 


view'-less.     Sightless.     Visibility-Invisibility. 

vi-ges'-i-inal.     Twentieth.      Five-Quinquesection. 

vig'-il.     Watch.     Carefulness-Carelessness. 

vig'-i-lance .  Watchfulness.  Activity-Indolence, 
Carefulness  -  Carelessness,  Recklessness  -  Cau- 
tion, Sagacity-Incapacity. 

vig'-i-lant.      Watchful.      Carefulness-Carelessness. 

vig'-ils.    Devotions.      Devotion-Idolatry. 


vign-ette'.  Ornament;  picture.  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement, Engraving. 

vig'-or.  Force;  capacity;  energy.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Determination  -  Vacillation,  Health- 
Sickness,  Rhetoric,  Strength-Weakness,  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness, Vigor-Inertia. 

vigueur  de  dessus  [F.]  (vi-gur'  de  de-su').  Strength 
from  on  high.     Heaven-Hell. 


VIGOR— INERTIA. 


Acrimony.     Deep-seated  bitterness. 

Acritude.     Bitterness  of  feeling. 

Activity.     The  state  of  being  active. 

Agitation.     The  arousing  into  action. 

Bustle.     Excited  activity. 

Causticity.     The  quality  of  sharp  and  penetrating  spite. 

Ebullition.     State  of  highly  aroused  emotions. 

Edge.     Sharpness. 

Effervescence.     Great  excitement. 

Elasticity.     The  quality  of  returning  to  a  condition  when  forced 

from   it. 
Energy.     Power  to  do  work. 

Excitation.     The  act  of  getting  excited.     See  Excitation. 
Exertion.     The  putting  forth  of  effort.     See  Toil. 
Ferment.     A  substance  which  produces  fermentation. 
Fermentation.     The  act  or  process  of  fermenting. 
Force.     That  which  changes  motion  or  state  of  a  thing. 
Go.     Energy. 

Harshness.     The  quality  of  being  disagreeable  to  the  ear. 
High  pressure.     Exhausting  activity. 

Intensity.     Relative  strength  or  degree  of  a  quality  or  force. 
Keenness.     The  state  of  being  keen  or  intense.     See  Adjectives. 
Perturbation.     A  temporary  agitation. 
Physical  energy.     The  energy  of  the  human  body. 
Poignancy.     Acuteness. 
Point.     Directness  of  application. 
Pungency.     Quality  of  piercing. 

Resolution.     Deliberate  determination.     See  Determination. 
Seasoning.     Something  which  gives  zest  or  relish. 
Severity.     The  quality  of  being  severe. 
Splutter.     Confused    noise. 
Stir.     Commotion. 
Strength.     Power. 

Vigor.     Strength  resulting  from  a  sound  natural  condition. 
Virulence.     Extreme  noxiousness  or  bitterness. 
Voluntary  energy.     Energy  or  force  freely  exerted. 

Vigor — Denotations. 

Cantharides.     A  Spanish  fly,  dried  and  used  in  medicine  as  a  blister 

externally,  and  internally  an  irritant. 
Quicksilver.     A  metal  characterized  by  great  freedom  of  movement 

of  its  molecules. 

Vigor — Verbs. 
Energize.     To  give  energy  to. 
Excite.     To  rouse  up. 
Exert.     To  make  effort. 

Inflame.     To  make  very  zealous.     See  Turbulence. 
Intensify.     To  make  more  active  or  severe. 
Kindle.     To  stir  up. 
Sharpen.     To  make  more  acute. 
Stimulate.     To  move  to  greater  activity. 
Strike.     To  hit  or  rush  against  with  force. 

Vigor — Verbal  Expressions. 
Give  energy  (see  Nouns);    make  an  impression;   strike  hard;    strike 
home;  strike  into;  wind  up  (see  Strength). 

Vigor — Adjectives. 
Active.     Lively. 

Acute.     Sharp  in  perception  and  understanding. 
Brisk.     Moving,  acting,  or  taking  place  with  quickness. 
Caustic.     Spitefully  sharp;  burning. 
Corrosive.     Rusting. 
Deep-dyed.     Of  great  intensity. 
Double-distilled.      Purified  twice. 
Double-edged.      Having  two  edges. 
Double-shotted.     Heavily  loaded,  as  a  gun. 
Drastic.     Acting  with  vigor;  purging. 
Energetic.     Acting  with  force. 
Escharotic.     Destructive  to  human  tissues. 
Forcible.      Possessing  force. 


See  D* 


See  Mutation 
See  Movement 


Dulness.     Lack  of  quickness  of  mental  powers.     See  Adjectives 
Inaction.    1   A,  , 

Inactivity./  Absence  of  action. 

Inertia.       \ 

Inertion.     V  Tendency  to  continue  in  a  state. 

Inertness.  ) 

Inexcitability.     The  quality  of  not  being  easily  excited. 

Irresolution.       The  trait  of  being  unfirm  in  resolution, 

termination-Vacillation. 
Languor.     Chronic  listJessness  of  body. 
Latency.     The  state  of  lying  hidden  or  undeveloped. 
Mental  inertness.     Lack  of  mental  activity. 
Obstinacy.     Stubbornness. 
Permanence.     Ability  to  remain  stable  or  to  last. 

Permanence. 
Quiescence.     Freedom  from  emotion  or  agitation. 

Rest. 

Sloth.     Laziness;  unreadiness  to  work. 
Torpor.     Continued  inactiveness  from  numbness. 
Vis  inertia  [L.j].      Inertia. 

Inertia — Verbs. 

Be  inert.     To  be  slow  in  motion. 
Hang  fire.     To  be  slow  in  taking  effect. 
Smolder.     To  be  in  a  latent  state,  as  fire. 

I  nerti  a — Adjectives. 
Blunt.     Dull. 
Dead.     Lifeless. 

Dormant.     Possessing  inherent  activity  in  a  quiescent  state 
Dull.     Lacking  in  quickness  of  mental  powers. 
Flat.     Not  interesting. 
Heavy.     Sluggish. 
Inactive.     Not  active. 
Inert.     Not  changing  its  condition. 
Latent.     Undeveloped. 
Lifeless.     Lacking  in  energy. 
Passive.     Not  active. 
Slack.     Moving  in  a  sluggish  manner. 
Slow.     Not  moving  fast. 
Sluggish.     Showing  a  lack  of  energy. 
Smoldering.     In  a  latent  state. 
Tame.     Spiritless. 

Torpid.     Continuously  inactive  from  cold.     See  under  Inactivity 
Unexerted.     Not  exerted. 
Uninfiuential.     Not  having  influence. 

Inertia — Adverbs,  etc. 

In  abeyance.     Dormant. 

Inactively.     Not  active.     See  Adjectives. 

In  suspense.     Refraining  from  activity. 


VIGOR — Adjectives — Continued. 

Harsh.     Severe. 

Incisive.     Cutting. 

Intense.     Violent. 

Irritating.     Tending  to  provoke  anger. 

Keen.     Penetrating. 

Mordant.     Biting. 

Poignant.     Painful  to  the  spirit. 

Potent.     Having  power.     See  Might. 

Racy.     Striking  and  pleasing. 

Rousing.     Stirring  to  action. 

Severe.     Merciless. 

Sharp.     Cutting. 

Stringent.     Severe  in  operation. 

Strong.     Having  strength. 

Trenchant.     Cutting  deeply. 

Virulent.     Exhibiting  envenomed  hostility. 

Vivid.      Intense. 


VIGOR 


1143 


VIRGINALS. 


Fortiter  in  re  [L  J.     Firmly  in  the  act. 
Strongly.     W  ith  strength.     See  Adjectives. 


The  steam  is  up 


VIGOR— Continued. 
Vigor — Adverbs,  etc. 

With  telling  effect.     Acting  forcibly 

Vigor — Phrases. 

Vires  acquirit  eundo  [L.J.      It  gains  strength  as  it  goes. 


vig'-or-ous.  Strong;    lusty.  Force-Weakness, 

Health-Sickness,  Strength-Weakness. 

vi-ha'-ra.     A  Buddhist  temple.     Fane. 

Vi'-king.     Pirate.     Robber. 

vile.  Base;  sinful;  odious.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance,Gentility-Commonalty, Goodness-Badness. 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit, Uprightness-Dishonesty,  Virtue-Vice. 

vile  jano,  ne  [L.]  (vai'-li  fe'-no,  ni).  Let  there  be  noth- 
ing vile  in  the  temple.  Fane,  Godliness-Ungodli- 
ness. 

vile'-ness.     Baseness.     Reputation-Discredit. 

vil"-i-fi-ca'-tion.  Act  of  vilifying  or  defaming.  Adula- 
tion-Disparagement, 

vil'_i-fy.  Defame;  degrade.  Adulation-Disparage- 
ment, Approval-Disapproval,  Reputation-Dis- 
credit. 

vil'-i-pend.  Depreciate;  vilify;  despise.  Adulation- 
Disparagement,  Approval-Disapproval,  Regard- 
Disregard. 

vil"-i-pend'-en-cy.      Disparagement.      Regard-Scorn. 

vil'-la.     Country-seat.      Dweller-Habitation. 

vil'-lage.  Small  town.  City-Country,  Dweller- 
Habitation;  village  green,  City-Country;  village 
talk,  Conversation-Monologue. 

vil'-lag-er.     Rustic.     Dweller-Habitation. 

vil'-lain.  Knave;  peasant.  Chief-Underling,  Gen- 
tility-Commonalty, Good  Man-Bad  Man. 

vil'-lain-age.  The  state  of  a  villain.  Holding-Ex- 
emption. 

vil'-lain-ous.  Vile.  Goodness-Badness,  Virtue- 
Vice;  villanous  saltpeter,  Weapon. 

vil'-lain-y.     Depravity.     Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

vil'-lain.     A  serf.     Chief-Underling. 

vil'-len-age.  Serfdom.  Holding-Exemption,  Lib- 
erty-Subjection. 

vil'-li.     Outgrowths.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

vil'-lous.     Nappy.     Smoothness-Roughness. 

vi'-na.      Musical  instrument.      Musical  Instruments. 

vin"-ai-grette'.     Bottle.     Perfume-Stench. 

vina  non  bisogna  frasca,  al  buon  [It.]  (vi'-na  non  bi- 
so'-nya  fras'-ka,  al  bu'-on).  Good  wine  needs  no 
bush.     Justification-Charge. 

vin'-ci-ble.     Conquerable.     Might-Impotence. 

vincit  qui  patitur  [L.]  (vin'-sit  quai  pat-i-tur).  He 
conquers  who  endures.     Success-Failure. 

vincit  qui  se  vincit  [L.]  (vin'-sit  quai  si  vin'-sit).  He 
conquers  who  conquers  himself.  Success-Fail- 
ure. 

vincit  qui  se  vincit  in  victoria,  bis  [L.]  (vin'-sit  quai  si 
vin'-sit  in  vic-to'-ri-a,  bis).  He  twice  conquers  who 
conquers  himself  in  victory.     Success-Failure. 

vinc'-ture.      Binding.     Union-Disunion. 

vinculo  matrimonii,  separatio  a  [L.]  (vin'-kiu-lo  mat- 
ri-mo'-ni-ai,  sep-a-re'-shi-o  e) .  Separation  from  the 
bonds  of  matrimony.     Matrimony-Divorce. 

vin  d'honneur  [F.]  (van'  do-nuri).  Wine  of  honor. 
Arrival-Departure,  Politeness-Impoliteness. 

vin'-di-cate.  Defend.  Justification-Charge;  vin- 
dicate aright,  Dueness-Undueness. 

vin'-di-ca"-ted.     Justified.     Justification-Charge. 

vin'-di-ca"-ting.  Present    participle    of    vindicate. 

Justification-Charge. 

vin"-di-ca'-tion.  Defense.  Evidence-Counterevi- 
cence,  Justification-Charge. 


vin-dic'-a-tive.  Tending  to  vindicate.  Justification* 
Charge. 

vin'-di-ca"-tor.  Avenger.  Justification-Charge, 
Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

vin-dic'-tive.  Revengeful.  Favorite-Quarrel- 

someness, Pardon-Vindictiveness. 

vin-dic'-tive-ness.  Revengefulness.  Pardon-Vindic- 
tiveness. 

vin'-e-a.     Shelter.     Attack-Defense. 

vin'-e-gar.  Acid  liquid.  Sweetness- Acidity;  vine- 
gar aspect,  Beauty-Ugliness. 

vine'-yard.  Plantation.  City-Country,  Domestica- 
tion-Agriculture. 

vingt-un  [F.]  (vant'-tm).  Cards.  Entertainment- 
_Weariness. 

vint'-age.  Harvest.  Domestication-Agriculture, 
Store. 

vint'-ner.     Wine-dealer.     Dealer. 

vi'-ol.     Violin.     Musical  Instruments. 

vi'-o-la.  The  alto  or  tenor  violin.  Musical  Instru- 
ments.   • 

vi'-o-late.  Break;  profane.  Dueness-Undueness, 
Duty-Dereliction,  Insubordination-Obedience, 
Observance-Nonobservance,  Purity-Impurity;' 
violate  a  law,  Conventionality-Unconventional- 
ity;  violate  a  usage,  Habit-Desuetude  ;  violate  the 
law,  Law-Lawlessness. 

vi'-o-la- ting.  Outraging.  Observance-Nonob- 

SERVANCE. 

vi"-e-la'-tion.  Transgression.  Dueness-Undueness, 
Duty-Dereliction,  Insubordination-Obedience, 
Observance-Nonobservance,  Purity-Impurity. 

vi'-o-lence.  Fury.  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Favorite-Anger,  Law-Lawlessness,  Turbulence- 
Calmness;  do  violence  to,  Goodness-Badness,  Ob- 
servance-Nonobservance, Dueness-Undueness. 

vi'-o-lent.  Forcible.  Excitability-Inexcitability, 
Turbulence-Calmness;  violent  death,  Favorite- 
Anger,  Life-Death,  Life-Killing;  in  a  violent 
degree,  Magnitude-Smallness;  lay  violent  hands 
on,  Taking-Restitution. 

vi'-o-lent-ly.     Forcibly.     Turbulence-Calmness. 

vi'-c-let.     Flower.     Yellowness-Purple. 

vi"-o-lin'.     Instrument.     Musical  Instrument.. 

vi"-o-lin'-ist.     Musician.     Musician. 

vi"-o-lon-cel'-lo.  Bass    violin.     Musical    Instru- 

ments. 

violone  [It.]  (vi"-o-lo'-ne) .  The  largest  instrument  of 
the  bass-viol  kind.     Musical  Instruments. 

vi'-per.  Snake;  snake-like.  Benefactor-Evildoer 
Fauna-Flora,  Good  Man-Bad  Man,  Remedy 
Bane. 

vi-ra'-go.     Vixen.     Favorite-Quarrelsomeness. 

vi'-rent.     Green.     Redness-Greenness. 

vires  acquiret  eundo  [L.]  (vai'-riz  ac-quai'-ret  i-un'-do). 
It  acquires  strength  by  going.  Increase-Decrease, 
Swiftness-Slowness,  Vigor-Inertia. 

vi-res'-cence.     Greenness.     Redness-Greenness. 

VirgilianiB,  sortes  [L.]  (vir-jil"-i-e-ni,  sor'-tiz).  Vir- 
gilian  lot.     Purpose-Luck. 

vir'-gin.  Maid;  fresh;  pure.  Infant- Veteran,  Mat- 
rimony-Celibacy, Novelty-Antiquity,  Purity- 
Rupurity;  virgin  soil,  Knowledge-Ignorance, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

vir'-gin-als.     Instrument.     Musical  Instruments. 


VIRGINITY. 


1144 


VIRTUE— VICE. 


vir-gin'-i-ty.  Maidenhood.  Matrimony-Celibacy, 
Purity- Impurity. 

viribus  totis  [L.l  (vir'-i-bus  to'-tis).  With  the  whole 
force.     Toil-Relaxation. 

vi-rid'-i-ty.     Greenness.     Redness-Greenness. 

virMle.  Sturdy;  masculine.  Male-Female,  Man- 
hood, Strength-Weakness. 

vi-ril'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  virile.  Manhood, 
Strength-Weakness. 

vir-tu'.     Taste  in  the  fine  arts.     Taste-Vulgarity. 

vir'-ti*  al.        Essential;  actual.        Entity-Nonentity, 


Subjectiveness  -  Objectiveness;  virtual  image, 
Sig*ht-Dimsightedness. 

vir'-tu-al-ly.  Essentially.  Subjectiveness-Objec- 
tiveness. 

vir'-tue.  Excellence;  chastity;  merit;  valor.  Bra- 
very-Cowardice, Goodness-Badness,  Might-Impo- 
tence, Purity-Impurity,  Right-Wrong,  Virtue- 
Vice;  by  virtue  of,  Instrumentality,  Might-Impo- 
tence; in  virtue  of,  Rule-License;  make  a  virtue 
of  necessity,  Choice-Neutrality,  Composition,  Ex- 
citability-Inexcitability,  Skill-Unskilfulness, 
Yielding. 


VIRTUE— VICE. 


Cardinal  virtues.     Prudence,  justice,  temperance,  and  fortitude. 

Credit.     Reputation  derived  from  the  confidence  of  others. 

Desert.     Right  to  reward. 

Discharge  of  duty.     Faithful  performance.     See  Duty. 

Ethics.     The  science  of  human  duty. 

Excellence.     The  state  or  property  of  possessing  eminent  virtues. 

Fulfilment  of  duty.     Faithful  performance. 

Good  action.     A  course  worthy  of  commendation. 

Good  behavior.     Conformity  to  rules  of  conduct. 

Innocence.     Freedom  from  taint.     See  Innocence. 

Integrity.     Moral  soundness.     See  Uprightness. 

Merit.     Excellence  or  goodness  that  entitles  to  honor  or  reward. 

Morality.     The  rules  of  moral  duties. 

Moral  rectitude.     Rightness  of  character,  intention,  or  life. 

Morals.     The  doctrines  or  the  practise  of  the  duties  of  life. 

Nobleness.     Exaltation  of  character. 

Performance  of  duty.     Execution  or  completion  of  duty. 

Self-control.     The  power  of  having  one's  faculties  and  inclinations 

Rectitude.     Uprightness;  strict  honesty. 

under  control.     See  Determination. 
Self-denial.    Forbearance  to  gratify  one's  own  feelings. 
Virtue.     Moral  excellence. 

Virtuousness.     The  state  or  character  of  being  virtuous. 
Well-doing.     Acting  according  to  what  is  right. 
Well-spent  life.     A  life  lived  in  conformity  with  ethical  laws. 
Worth.     Value  of  moral  or  personal  qualities. 

Virtue — Verbs. 

Acquit  oneself  well.     To  conduct  oneself  well. 

Act  well.     To  behave  well. 

Act  well  one's  part.     To  perform  well  the  part. 

Be  on  one's  best  behavior.     To  deport  oneself  as  well  as  possible. 

Be  on  one's  good  behavior.     To  be  under  trial  in  which  something 

depends  upon  good  behavior. 
Be  virtuous.     To  show  moral  virtue  or  excellence. 
Command    one's   passions.     To  have  control   of  one's  feelings  or 

emotions. 
Discharge  one's  duty.     To   relieve    oneself  by  the  performance  of 

one's  duty. 
Do  one's  duty.     To  act  as  one  ought. 
Fight  the  good  fight.     To  live  a  good  life. 

Fulfil  one's  duty.     To  accomplish  what  one  is  morally  bound  to  do. 
Keep  in  the  right  path.     To  live  virtuously. 
Master  one's  passions.     To  control  the  physical  impulses. 
Perform  one's  duty.     To  do  what  one  is  morally  bound  to  do. 
Practise  virtue.     To  endeavor  to  lead  a  blameless  life. 
Redeem  one's  pledge.     To  live  abstemiously.     See  Duty 
Set  a  good  example.     To  live  so  as  to  be  a  good  model. 
Set  an  example.     To  make  one  worthy  to  be  copied. 

Virtu  e —  A  djectives. 
Above  all  praise.     Superlatively  good. 
Admirable.     Having   qualities   to  excite   approbation,   esteem,   or 

reverence. 
Angelic.     Of  the  nature  of  angels. 
Beyond  all  praise.     Surpassing  praise. 
Commendable.     Deserving  of  approbation  or  praise. 
Correct.     Free  from  error. 

Creditable.     Deserving  or  possessing  reputation  or  esteem. 
Desertful.     Meritorious. 
Deserving,     Being  entitled  to. 
Duteous.      Performing  that  which  is  due. 
Dutiful.     Controlled  by  a  sense  of  duty. 

Excellent.     Excelling  or  surpassing  others  in  virtue,  or  the  like. 
Exemplary.     Serving  as  a  pattern  or  model. 
Godlike.     Of  superior  excellence. 
Good .     Possessing  moral  excellence  or  virtue. 


Atrocity.     Shocking  cruelty  or  wickedness. 

Backsliding.     A  return  to  wrong  or  vicious  ways. 

Besetting  sin.     A  sin  that  habitually  presses  upon  one. 

Brutality.     Inhumanity;  savageness. 

Cannibalism.     The  practise  of  eating  human  flesh. 

Corruption.  Perversion  of  moral  principles.  See  Betterment- 
Deterioration. 

Crime,     A  violation  of  divine  or  human  law. 

Criminality.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  criminal;  guiltiness. 
See  Innocence-Guilt. 

Crying  sin.     A  notorious  or  heinous  sin. 

Defect.     Moral  imperfection. 

Deficiency.     Imperfection. 

Demerit.     That  which  deserves  blame. 

Demoralization.     Loss  of  morals. 

Depravity.     Low  state  of  moral  character. 

Error.     Violation  of  duty. 

Evil  courses.     Wicked  ways. 

Evil-doing.     Mischief. 

Failing.     Imperfection;  fault. 

Failure.     Omission;  n  on -performance. 

Fault.     An  offense  less  serious  than  a  crime. 

Flagrancy.     Atrocity;  enormity. 

Foible.     A  personal  weakness  or  failing. 

Frailty.     A  moral  infirmitv. 

Gusto  picaresco  [Sp.].     A  roguish  taste. 

Hardness  of  heart.     The  quality  of  being  impenitent  of  sin. 

Immorality.     An  immoral  act  or  practise. 

Imperfection.     Fault  or  blemish. 

Impropriety.     An  unsuitable  or  improper  act. 

Indecorum.  That  in  behavior  which  violates  the  rules  of  civility 
or  etiquette. 

Infamy.     A  quality  which  exposes  to  disgrace. 

Infirmity.     A  personal  frailty  or  failing. 

Iniquity.     Gross  injustice. 

Knavery.     The  practises  of  a  knave. 

Laxity.     Looseness  of  morals. 

Looseness  of  morals.     Lack  of  strictness  in  matters  of  morality. 

Lowest  dregs  of  vice.  The  lowest  possible  condition  of  vice  or  low 
living. 

Obliquity.     Deviation  from  moral  rectitude. 

Peccability.     Liability  to  sin. 

Pollution.     Uncleanness  or  impurity. 

Pravity.     Moral  corruption. 

Profligacy.  A  state  of  being  abandoned  in  moral  principle  and  in 
vice. 

Scandal.     Defamatory  talk;  disgrace. 

Sin.     Transgression  of  the  law  of  God, 

Sink  of  iniquity.     A  resort  of  dissolute  and  depraved  persons. 

Tenderloin.     A  resort  of  low,  depraved  people. 

Vice.     Immoral  conduct  or  habit. 

Viciousness.     Corruption  in  principles  or  conduct. 

Want  of  ballast.     Lack  of  stability  of  character. 

Want  of  principle.     Lack  of  moral  rectitude. 

Weakness.     Want  of  moral  strength. 

Weakness  of  the  flesh.     Liability  to  sin. 

Weak  side.     Tendency  to  commit  sin. 

Wickedness.     Immorality;  sinfulness.  ( 

Wrong-doing.     Sinning. 

Wrong  side.     Tendency  to  crime. 

Vice — Noun  of  Agent. 
Sinner.     One  who  has  transgressed  the  law  of  right  «r  duty. 

Vice — Figurative  Nouns. 
Adam.     The  one  who  brought  sin  into  the  world. 
Alsatian  den.     A  vile  resort  of  Whitefriars,  London. 


VIRTUE. 


1145 


VIRTUE— VICE. 


VIRTUE—  VICE—Continued. 


VIRTUE — Adjectives — Continued. 


Heaven-born.     Born  in  heaven. 
Innocent.     Not  tainted  with  sin, 
Laudable.     Worthy  of  praise;  commendable. 
Matchless.     Having  no  equal. 
Meritorious.     Deserving  of  reward  or  honor. 
Moral.     Relating  to  duty  or  obligation. 

Noble.     Above  whatever  is  low,  mean,  degrading,  or  dishonorable. 
Peerless.     Matchless. 
Praiseworthy.     Commendable. 
Pure.     Free  from  moral  defilement  or  guilt. 
Right.     According  with  truth  and  duty. 

Righteous.     According  with,  or  performing  that  which  is  right. 
Right-minded.     Having  a  right  or  honest  mind. 
Saintlike.     Resembling  a  saint. 
Saintly.      Becoming  a  holy  person. 
Seraphic.     Angelic. 
Sterling.     Of  excellent  quality. 
Virtuous.     Possessing  or  exhibiting  virtue. 

Well-intentioned,     Having   upright   intentions   or  honorable    pur- 
poses. 
Worthy.     Having  worth  or  excellence. 

Virtue — Adverbs,  etc. 

Emerito  [It. 3.     According  to  merit. 
Virtuously.     In  conformity  with  the  moral  law. 

Virtue — Phrases. 

Cassis  tuiissima  virtus  [L. ].     The  safest  helmet  is  virtue. 

Justitia  virtutum  regina  [L.  ].     Justice  is  queen  of  the  virtues. 

Virtus  semper  viridis  [L.  ].     Virtue  is  ever  flourishing. 

Virtus  sola  nohilitat  [L.].     Virtue  alone  ennobles. 

Virtus  vincit  invidiam  [L.  ].     Virtue  prevails  over  envy. 

Virtutis  fortuna  comes  [L. ].     Fortune  is  the  companion  of  virtue. 

.  ivit  post  funera  virtus  [L. ].     Virtue  lives  after  death. 


V I CE— Adject ives — Continued  from  Column  a. 

imperfect       Morally  defective. 

Improper.     Indecent. 

Incarnate .      Having  the  nature  of  flesh. 

Incorrect.      Not  according  to  morality. 

Incorrigible.     Bad  beyond  correction. 

Indecorous.      Unbecoming, 

Indefensible.      Not  capable  of  being  justified. 

Indiscreet.      Wanting  in  discretion. 

Inexcusable.      Not  able  to  be  justified. 

Inexpiable.      Not  able  to  be  softened  or  appeased  by  atonement. 

Infamous.      Of  the  worst  reputation. 

Infernal.     Resembling  hell. 

Infirm.     Weak;  feeble. 

Iniquitous.      Unjust;  wicked. 

Irreclaimable.      Incapable  of  being  reclaimed, 

Irremissible.      Unpardonable. 

Lawless.     Not  held  in  check  by  moral  law  or  the  laws  of  man. 

Lax.     Easy  or  indulgent  in  principles. 

Lost  in  iniquity.      Hardened  by  wickedness. 

Lost  to  virtue.      Ruined  morally. 

Malevolent.      Wishing  evil.     See  Charitableness-Malevolence, 

Mephistophelian.      Fiendish.     [Goethe,  Faust.] 

Misbegotten.      Begotten  out  of  wedlock;  despicable. 

Miscreated.     Created  amiss. 

Naughty.      Guilty  of  improper  conduct. 

Nefarious.      Extremely  wicked. 

Obdurate.      Persistent  in  sin. 

Of  a  deep  dye.      Deeply  impregnated  with;  usually  in  a  bad  sense. 

Past  praying  for.      Lost  in  sin. 

Profligate.      Lost  in  vice. 

Recreant.      Unfaithful  to  one's  duty. 

Reprehensible .     Worthy  of  blame. 

Reprobate.      Lost  to  all  sense  of  duty. 

Satanic.     Devilish. 

Scampish.      Rascally. 

Scandalous.      Shocking  to  morality. 

Scurvy.     Mean,  low,  or  contemptible. 

Shameful.      Disgraceful;  infamous. 

Shameless  .     Having  no  sense  of  shame. 

Sinful.      Contrary  to  the  laws  of  God. 

Sinister.     Evil;  malevolent;  left-handed. 

Sinning.     Trangressing  divine  law. 

Steeped  in  iniquity.     Impregnated  with  wickedness. 


VICE — Figurative  Nouns — Continued. 

Cloven  foot.     The  foot  of  the  devil. 
Offending  Adam.     Man's  wicked  nature. 
Old  Adam.     Depraved  human  nature. 

Vice — Verbs. 

Be  vicious.     To  violate  moral  principles. 

Brutalize.     To  make  brutal  or  to  become  brutal. 

Commit  sin.     To  do  sin. 

Corrupt.     To  change  from  good  to  bad.     See  Betterment -Dbtev 

rioration. 
Demoralize.     To  cause  a  loss  of  morality. 
Deviate  from  the  line  of  duty.     To  turn  aside  from  duty. 
Deviate  from  the  path  of  virtue.     Not  to  do  what  one  ought.     See 

Virtue. 
Do  amiss.     To  do  wrong. 
Err.     To  deviate  from  morality. 
Fail.     To  sink  in  sin  or  error. 

Forget  oneself.     To  be  guilty  of  unworthy  conduct. 
Go  astray.     To  go  out  of  the  right  way ;  to  sin. 
Hug  a  fault.     To  hold  fast  to  a  fault. 
Hug  a  sin.     To  continue  to  commit  a  sin. 
Lapse.     To  fail  in  duty  or  moral  conduct. 
Misbehave.     To  behave  badly. 
Misconduct  oneself.     To  behave  improperly. 
Misdemean  oneself.     To  conduct  oneself  badly. 
Misdo.     To  act  wrongly. 
Offend.     To  sin  against. 

Render  vicious.     To  make  corrupt  in  conduct  or  principles. 
Sin.     To  commit  a  sin. 
Slip.     To  fall  into  fault  or  error. 
Sow  one's  wild  oats.     To  indulge  in  the  follies  and  excesses  in  which 

young  people  indulge. 
Take  a  wrong  course.     To  stray  from  the  path  of  rectitude. 
Transgress.     To  sin. 
Trespass.     To  violate  a  law  of  God. 
Trip.     To  commit  an  error. 

Vice — Adjectives. 
Abandoned.     Extremely  wicked. 
Accursed.     Worthy  of  the  curse;  detestable. 
Atrocious.     Full  of  enormous  wickedness. 
Base.     Low  in  morals. 
Black.     Without  moral  light  or  goodness. 
Blameworthy,     Worthy  of  censure. 
Contra  boiws  mores  [L.  ].     Contrary  to  good  manners. 
Corrupt.     Changed  from  good  to  bad. 
Criminal.     Pertaining  to  crime. 
Culpable.     Worthy  of  blame. 
Deep  in  iniquity.     Sunk  low  in  wickedness. 

Degrading.     Causing  loss  in  estimation,  character,  or  reputation. 
Demoniacal.      Pertaining  to  or  resembling  evil  spirits. 
Demoralized.     Having  suffered  a  loss  of  moral  principles. 
Demoralizing.     Causing  a  loss  of  morality. 
Depraved .     Corrupted. 
Desertless.     Without  merit. 
Diabolic.    \  „        .   .  ,     . 

Diabolical  i  Pertainingtothe  devil;  devilish. 

Discreditable.     Injurious  to  reputation. 

Disgraceful.     Causing  shame. 

Disorderly.     Not  regulated  by  the  restraints  of  morality. 

Disreputable.     Injurious  to  the  reputation. 

Dissolute.     Given  up  to  vicious  pleasures. 

Evil-disposed .     Disposed  to  wickedness. 

Evil-minded.     Disposed  to  mischief  or  sin, 

Facinorous.     Very  wicked;  atrocious. 

Felonious.     Malicious. 

Fiendlike.     Like  an  infernal  being. 

Flagitious.     Disgracefully  criminal. 

Flagrant.     Notorious. 

Foul.     Loathsome;  impure. 

Frail.     Not  able  to  withstand  temptations  to  evfl. 

Graceless.     Depraved. 

Grave.     Serious. 

Gross.     Obscene;  impure. 

Heartless.     Cruel. 

Heinous.     Odious;  enormous. 

Hell-born.     Born  in  hell. 

Hellish.     Fit  for  hell;  detestable. 

Ill-conditioned.     Not  well -circumstanced. 

Immoral.     Contrary  to  divine  law. 

(Continued  on  Column  i.) 


VIRTUE. 


1146 


VISCIDITY— FOAM. 


VICE — Adjectives — Continued. 


Stygian.     Infernal;  from  the  river  Styx. 
Sunk  in  iniquity.     Lost  in  sin. 
Uncommendable.     Unworthy  of  praise. 
Unconscionable.     Inordinately  excessive. 
Unduteous.     Not  rendering  the  respect  or  obedience  due. 
Undutiful.     Not  submissive  to  superiors. 
Unjustifiable.     Not  capable  of  being  justified. 
Unpradonable.     That  may  not  be  pardoned. 
Unprincipled.     Destitute  of  conscientious  scruples. 
Unrighteous.     Wicked;  sinful. 


Sinfully.     Wickedly. 

Without  excuse.     Without  justification. 

O  temporal  O  mores  /  [L,]     OtimesI  O  customs i 


Unseemly.     Not  becoming. 

Unworthy.     Improper;  wrong. 

Vicious.     Addicted  to  immorality. 

Vile.     Morally  base,  despicable,  or  loathsome. 

Villainous.     Very  wicked  or  vile. 

Virtueless.     Destitute  of  moral  excellence. 

Weak.     Lacking  in  moral  vigor. 

Wicked.     Given  to  vice  or  sin. 

Worthless.     Without  virtue. 

Wrong.     Violating  moral  law. 

Vice — Adverbs,  etc. 

Wrong.     Ina  wrong  manner. 

Vice — Interjection. 
Vice — Phrases. 


Alitur  vitium  livitque  tegendo  [L.],     Vice  is  nourished  and  lives  by  U  hypocrisie  est  un  hommage  que  le  vice  rend  a  la  vertu  [F.J.     Hypoo 

concealment.  risy  is  a  homage  that  vice  pays  to  virtue. 

Ex-delicto  [L.j.     From  the  crime.  Vitiis  nemo  sine  nascilur  [L.].     No  one  is  born  free  from  faults. 
/  frutti  proibiti  sow  1  piu  dolei  [It.  \    The  forbidden  fruits  are  sweetest. 


gau'-det   ten- 
Welfare-Mis- 


vir'-tue-less.     Without  virtue.     Virtue- Vice. 

vir"-tu-o'-so .     Adept.     Taste-Vulgarity. 

vir'-tu-ous.  Good;  chaste.  Innocence-Guilt,  Purity- 
Impurity,  Uprightness-Dishonesty,  Virtue-Vice. 

vir'-tu-ous-ly.     In  a  virtuous  manner.     Virtue-Vice. 

vir'-tu-ous-ness.  State  or  character  of  being  virtuous. 
Virtue-Vice. 

virtus  ariete  joriior  [L.]  (vir'-tus  ar"-i-e'-t6  for'-shi-or) . 
Virtue  is  stronger  than  a  battering-ram.  Bravery- 
Cowardice. 

virtus,  cassis  tutissima  [L.]  (vir'-tus,  cas'-sis  tiu-tis'- 
si-ma).  The  safest  helmet  is  virtue.  Uprightness- 
Dishonesty,  Virtue- Vice. 

virtus,  gaudet    teniamine    [L.]    (vir'-tus, 
tam'-i-ni) .      Virtue  rejoices  in  trial. 

FORTUNE. 

virtus  milia  scuta  [L.  ]  (vir'-tus  mil'-i-u  skiu'-ta).  Virtue 
is  a  thousand  shields.     Bravery-Cowardice. 

virtus  semper  viridis  [L.]  (vir'-tus  sem'-per  vir'-i-dis). 
Virtue  is  always  flourishing.     Virtue-Vice. 

virtus  sola  nobilitate  [L.]  (vir'-tus  so'-lu  no-bil-i-te'-ti) . 
Virtue  alone  ennobles.     Virtue-Vice. 

virtus  vincit  invidiam  [L.]  (vir'-tus  vin'-sit  in-vid'-i- 
am).  Virtue  prevails  over  envy.  Bravery-Cow- 
ardice, Virtue-Vice. 

virlutis  fortuna  comes  [L.]  (vir-tiu'-tis  for-tiu'-na 
co'-miz).  Fortune  is  the  companion  of  virtue. 
Solitude-Company,  Virtue-Vice. 

vir'-u-lence .  Bitterness;  poisonousness.  Charita- 
bleness-Malevolence, Favorite-Anger,  Good- 
ness-Badness, Heal'thiness-Unhealthiness,  Po- 
liteness-Impoliteness, Vigor-Inertia. 


vir'-u-lent.  Very  active  in  doing  injury.  Charita- 
bleness-Malevolence, Favorite- Anger,  Friend- 
Foe,  Healthiness-Unhealthiness,  Vigor-Inertia. 

virum  volitare  per  ora  [L.]  (vui'-rum  vol-i-tfi'-ri'  per 
o'ra).  To  fly  through  the  mouths  of  men.  Pub- 
licity. 

vi'-rus.  Poison;  germ.  Health-Sickness,  Remedy- 
Bane. 

vis  a  tergo  [L.]  (vis  e  ter'-go).  Force  from  behind. 
Push-Pull. 

vis-a-vis  [F.]  (viz"-a-vi') .  Face  to  face.  Anterior- 
ity-Posteriority, Conveyance-Vessel,  Lateral- 
ity-Contraposition. 

vis  comica  [L.]  (vis  com'-i-ca) .  Comic  talent.  Witti- 
ness-Dulness. 

vis  conservatrix  [L.]  (vis  con-ser-ve'-trix) .  Preserva- 
tive power.     Conservation. 

vis  inertia?  [L.]  (vis  in-er'-shi-i) .  Force  at  rest.  Might- 
Impotence,  Sensitiveness-Apathy,  Vigor-Inertia. 

vis  medicatrix  [L.]  (vis  med-i-ke'-trix) .  The  power  of 
healing.     Remedy-Bane,  Renovation-Relapse. 

vis  mortua  [L.]  (vis  mor'-tiu-a) .  The  power  of  death. 
Life-Death. 

vis  viva  [L.]  (vis  vai'-va).  Living  force.  Migk^-Im- 
potence. 

vi'-sa.     Signature.     Assent-Dissent. 

vis'-age.  Face;  aspect.  Anteriority-Posteriority, 
Appearance-Disappearance. 

vis'-ce-ra.     Intestines.     Outside-Inside. 

vis'-cid.     Sticky.     Viscidity-Foam. 

vis-cid'-i-ty.     Stickiness.     Viscidity-Foam. 


VISCIDITY— FOAM. 


Adhesiveness,  etc.     The  quality  of  being  adhesive.     See  Cohesion. 

Crassitude.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  crass  or  thick. 

Giuti.:osity.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  glutinous,  like  glue. 

Gummosity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  gummy. 

Lentor.     Viscidity. 

Mucosity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  mucous. 

Semiliquidity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  semiliquid. 

Spissitude.     Thickness;  viscosity. 

Stickiness,  etc.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  sticky. 

Viscidity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  viscid. 

Viscosity.     The  state  or  quality  of  being  viscous. 

Viscidity — Nouns  of  Agency. 

Incrassation.  The  act  or  process  of  thickening  or  the  state  of  being 

thick. 

I  ,epnsatioi.  The  act  or  process  of  inspissating. 

Thickening.  The  process  of  making  or  becoming  thick. 


Barm.     Froth  rising  on  fermented  liquors,  used  for  yeast. 

Bubble.     A  vesicle  of  cohesive  liquid  filled  with  air. 

Cirro-cumului.     A  kind  of  cloud  arranged  in  well-defined  roundish 

heaps. 
Cirro-stratus.     Horizontal    masses;  undulated    masses    of    clouds 

separate  or  in  small  groups. 
Cirrus.     A  kind  of  cloud  composed  of  fibers;  parallel  or  extending 

in  all  directions. 
Cloud.     A  mass  of  visible  vapor  floating  in  the  air. 
Cloudiness.     The  condition  of  being  cloudy. 

Cumulo-stratus.     A  form  of  cloud  between  cumulus  and  stratus." 
Cumulus.     A  cloud  of  irregularly  rounded  heaps. 
Dirty  sky.     A  sky  filled  with  dark,  threatening  clouds. 
Foam.     A  collection  of  minute  bubbles  forming  a  whitish  mass 

from  fermentation  or  agitation. 
Fog.     A  cloud  lying  close  to  the  earth  composed  of  finer  particles 

than  mist. 


VISCIDITY. 


1147 


VISIBILITY. 


VISCIDITY— FOAM— Continued. 


Viscidity — Denotations. 
Albumen.     The  white  of  an  egg. 

Beeswax.      The  wax  secreted  by  bees  used  in  making  their  cells. 
Cream.     The  rich,  oily  part  which  collects  on  the  surface  of  milk. 
Emulsion      The  white,  milky  pulp  of  bitter  almonds. 
Gelatin.      Mutinous  material  obtained  from  animal  tissues  by  long 

boiling. 
Glair.     The  white  of  an  egg. 
Glue.     A  hard,  brittle,  brownish    gelatin  obtained    by    boiling  to 

a  jelly  the  skins,  hoofs,  etc.,  of  animals. 
Gluten.     The  viscid,  tenacious  substance  which  gives  adhesiveness 

to  dough. 
Gum.     A  vegetable  secretion  of  many  trees. 
Jelly.     The  juice  of  fruits  or  meats  boiled  with  sugar  to  an  elastic 

consistence. 
Lava.     The  molten  matter  poured  out  of  the  crater  of  a  volcano. 
Marsh,  etc.     A  tract  of  soft,  wet  land.     See  Swamp. 
Milk.     The  white  fluid  secreted  by  the  mammary  glands  of  female 

animals. 
Moisture,  etc.     Exuding  fluid.     See  Dampness. 
Mucilage.     An  aqueous  solution  of  gum. 
Mucus.     A  viscid  fluid  secreted  by  mucous  membranes. 
Mud.     Earth  and  water  mixed  so  as  to  be  soft  and  adhesive. 
Ooze.     Earth  so  wet  as  to  flow  gently. 
Phlegm.     Viscid   mucus   secreted  in   abnormal    quantities  in   th« 

respiratory  and  digestive  passages. 
Pituite.     Mucus;  phlegm. 

Protein.     The  basis  of  all  albuminous  substances. 
Size.     Any  viscous  substance. 
Slime,     Soft,  moist  earth  or  clay. 
Slush.     A  mixture  of  snow  and  water. 

Soup.     A  liquid  food  made  by  boiling  meat  and  vegetables. 
Squash.     Something  soft  and  easil  y  crushed. 
Starch.     A  vegetable  substance  extracted  from  potatoes,  corn,  etc., 

and  used  as  a  food  and  paste ;  stiffening. 
Wax.     A  fatty  solid  substance  produced  by  bees.    ' 

Viscidity — Verbs. 

Beat  up.     To  thicken  by  continual  stirring. 

Churn.     To  agitate  milk  by  stirring  to  produce  butter. 

Incrassate.     To  thicken;  specifically,  in  pharmacy. 

Inspissate.     To  thicken,  as  a  fluid,  by  boiling. 

Mash.     To  change  from  solid  to  semiliquid  state  by  crushing  or  by 

infusing  in  hot  water,  as  in  brewing. 
Squash.  To  beat  or  press  into  a  pulp. 
Thicken.     To  make  thick  or  thicker. 

Viscidity — Adjectives. 

Albuminous.     Like  albumen ;  thick  and  oily. 

Amylaceous.     Like  starch. 

Clammy.     Viscous  and  sticky. 

Clotted.     Coagulated  or  thickened,  as  blood. 

Curdled.     Changed  into  a  curd,  as  milk;  thickened. 

Emulsive.     Like,  or  capable  of  making  like,  emulsion. 

Gelatinous.*  Like^elatini  similar  to  jelly;  jelly-like. 

Glutinous.     Resembling  glue ;  viscid  and  sticky. 

Half-frozen.  \  „  .,      .. , 

Half-melted.  J  ™*°™- 

Lacteal    \ 

Lactean  >  Pertam'nKtoorI"esemblingmilk. 

Lacteous.     Milk-like. 
Lactescent.     Having  a  milky  consistency. 
Lactiferous.     Containing  or  producing  milk  or  a  milky  fluid. 
Lentous.     Tenacious  and  viscid. 
Mastic.     Sticky  and  adhesive. 
(Milky.     Made  of  .containing,  or  resembling  milk. 
Mucid.     Mucilaginous;  slimy. 
Mucilaginous.     Like  mucilage :  sticky  and  soft. 
Mucous.     Like  mucus;  slimy;  viscous. 
Muculent.     Resembling  mucus. 
Muddy.     Containing  mud;  thick. 

Pituitous.     Pertaining  to  a  bodysecreting  mucus;  likemucut. 
Ropv.     Stringy  and  viscous. 

Semiliquid.  I  FIuid-  but  th!ck  and  viscous. 


Froth.     Minute  bubbles  resulting  from  fermentation  on  liquids,  or 

at  the  mouth  from  great  agitation. 
Haze.     Very  fine  particles  suspended  in  the  air,  with  little  or  no. 

moisture,  causing  dimness. 
Head.     The  mass  of  foam  rising  on  the  top  of  a  glass  of  liquor. 
Lather.     Foam  formed  by  mixing  soap  and  water. 
Mackerel  sky.      A   cirro-cumulus  cloud-formation,    suggesting   the 

form  of  a  fish. 
Mare's-tail.     Long,  fibrous  cirrus-clouds  indicating  rain. 
Messenger.     A  cloud  that  foretells  a  storm. 
Mist.     A  collection  of  watery  drops  near  the  earth,  less  dense  or  of 

larger  drops  than  fog. 
Nebula.     A  luminous  cloud-like  object  in  the  sky. 
Nebulosity.     Mistiness;  haziness. 
Nimbus.     A  rain  cloud. 
Rack.     Thin,  flying  clouds. 

Scud.  ^  Light  clouds  or  sea-foam  driven  by  the  wind. 
Spindrift.     Spray  blown  from  the  crests  of  waves. 
Spray.     Particles  of  water  scattered  by  wind  or  other  force. 
Spume.     Froth  from  fermentation  or  agitation  of  a  liquid. 
Steam.     Water  in  the  form  of  vapor,  especially  that  generated  by 

boiling. 
Stratus.     A  very  low,  thin  layer  of  cloud. 
Sudfc     Soapy    water,    especially    if   frothy;  something    resembling 

soapy  water. 
Surf.     The  foam  thrown  up  on  the  beach  by  the  sea-waves. 
Vapor.     Moisture  in  the  atmosphere,  especially  if  visible. 
Woolpack.     A  cumulus  cloud. 
Yeast.     The  froth  of  new  beer  or  other  liouor;  froth  or  spume. 

Foam — Scientific  Noun. 

The  department  of  meteorology  that  treats  of  the 

Foam — Nouns  of  Agency. 

Bubbling,  etc.     Formation  of  vapor  or  foam.     See  Verbs. 
Effervescence.     The  escape  of  bubbles  of  gas  from  a  liquid,  other 

wise  than  by  boiling. 
Fermentation.     The  process  of  undergoing  an  effervescent  change 

the  decomposition  of  an  organic  substance  caused  by  a  ferment. 

Foam —  Verbs. 

Boil.     To   cause   bubbles  to  escape   from,   generally   by   heating; 

bubble  up. 
Bubble.     To  form  bubbles  in;  to  produce  bubbles,  as  a  liquid. 
Effervesce.     To  give  off  bubbles  of  gas. 

Ferment.     To  cause  fermentation  in ;  undergo  fermentation. 
Foam.     To  be  or  become  covered  or  filled  with  foam ;  cause  to  foam. 
Froth.     To  cause  to  foam  ;  throw  off  froth. 
Guggle.     To  gurgle. 

Gurgle.     To  flow  with  a  bubbling,  noisy  current  or  sound. 
Mantle.     To  become  covered,  as  with  foam. 
Sparkle.     To  effervesce  with  glistening  bubbles. 

Foam — Adjectives. 
Bubbling,  etc.     Giving  off  bubbles. 
Cloudy,  etc.     Covered  with  or  resembling  clouds. 
Effervescent.     In  a  state  of  effervescence. 
Frothy.     Covered  or  filled  with  froth. 
Mousseux  [F.].     Foaming;  sparkling. 
Nappy.     Strong;  effervescent. 
Nebulous.     Cloudy;  indistinct. 
Overcast.     Covered,  as  the  sky  with  clouds. 
Sparkling.     Effervescent.     See  Verbs. 
Up.     Rising,  as  in  a  cloud. 
Vaporous.     Full  of  or  resembling  vapor. 


Nephelqgnosy, 
clouds. 


VISCIDITY— Adjectives— Continued. 

Slab.     Mucilaginous. 

Slabby.     Thick;     viscous. 

Sticky.     Adhering  to  a  surface ,  thick  and  adhesive. 

Succulent.     Juicy;  specifically,  of  plants. 

Thick.     Having  considerable  density  or  thickness. 

Uliginous.     Slimy;  miry. 

Viscid.     Adhesive;  semifluid;  viscous. 

Viscous.     Having  a  glutinous  consistency;  viscid. 


vis-cos'-i-ty.     Viscidity.     Viscidity-Foam. 
vis'-count.     Noble.     Reputation-Discredit. 
'is'-cous.     Tenacious.     Viscidity-Foam. 


vise.     Clamp.'    Release-Restraint. 

Vish'-nu.     God.     Jove-Fiend. 

vis"-i-bil'-i-ty.     Visibleness.     Visibility-Invisibility. 


VISIBILITY. 


1148 


VISIBILITY— INVISIBILITY. 


VISIBILITY— INVISIBILITY. 


Conspicuity.     The  quality  of  being  bright. 
Conspicuousness.     The  quality  of  attracting  the  eye. 
Distinctness.     The  quality  of  being  clearly  seen. 
Perceptibility.     The  state  of  being  cognizable. 
Visibility.     The  state  of  being  visible. 

Visibility — Nouns  of  Agency. 

Appearance.     Act  of  coming  into  view.     See  Appearance. 
Manifestation.     Act  of  making  plain  to  the  eye.     See  Manifesta- 
tion. 

Visibility — Nouns  of  Cause. 

Exposure.     The  state  of  being  exposed  to  observation. 

Ocular  demonstration.     Proof  of  eye  that  precludes  denial. 

Ocular  evidence.     The  evidence  of  the  eye. 

Ocular  proof.     The  establishment  of  fact  by  the  evidence  of  the  eye. 

Visibility — Nouns  of  Place. 
Exposure.     The  place  where  anything  can  be  seen. 
Field  of  view.     The  space  within  which  objects  can  be  seen. 

Visibility — Verbs. 

Appear.     To  come  within  sight. 

Appear  to  one's  eyes.     To  seem. 

Arise.     To  come  up  into  view. 

Attract  the  attention.     To  become  conspicuous.     See  Heed. 

Become  visible.     To  pass  into  a  state  of  visibility. 

Betray  itself.     To  show  what  is  not  evident. 

Be  visible.     To  be  able  to  be  seen. 

Break  through  the  clouds.     To  become  evident. 

Burst  forth.     To  come  out  suddenly. 

Burst  upon  the  sight.     To  come  suddenly  within  reach  of  the  eye. 

Burst  upon  the  view.     To  come  suddenly  within  sight. 

iitch  the  eye.     To  attract  the  attention. 

Come  forth.     To  come  from  concealment. 

Come  forward.     To  come  to  a  nearer  position ;  to  ofTer  oneself. 

Come  in  sight.     To  appear. 

Come  into  view.     To  put  in  an  appearance. 

Come  out.     Tq  be  made  public. 

Come  upon  thb  stage.     To  come  upon  the  scene  of  action. 

Crop  out.     To  become  partly  visible. 

Crop  up.     To  appear  above  the  surface. 

Discover  itself.     To  show  itself. 

Expose  itself.     To  lay  itself  open. 

Expose  to  view.     To  be  placed  in  sight.     See  Manifestation. 

Float  before  the  eyes.     To  be  suspended  in  full  view. 

Glare.     To  shine  with  brilliancy. 

Glimmer.     To  send  out  flickering  rays. 

Heave  in  sight.     To  come  within  view,  as  a  ship. 

Live  in  a  glass  house.     To  be  open  to  countercharge. 

Loom.     To  rise  gradually  to  an  impressive  position. 

Make  its  appearance.     To  come  into  view. 

Manifest  itself.     To  make  its  presence  known. 

Meet  the  eye.     To  become  discernible. 

Open  to  the  view      To  become  a  wider  view. 

Peep  out.     To  be  seen  partially. 

Peer  out.     To  appear. 

Present  itself.     To  come  into  view. 

Produce  itself.     To  bring  itself  into  view. 

Reappear.     To  come  into  sight  after  absence. 

Reveal  itself.     To  make  itself  known. 

See  the  light  of  day.     To  come  into  the  daylight  from  a  dark  place. 

Show.     To  cause  to  be  seen. 

Show  itself.     To  appear. 

Show  its  face.     To  put  in  an  appearance. 

Show  up.     To  expose,  as  a  fraud. 

Speak  for  itself.     See  Manifestation. 

Spring  out.     To  come  into  view. 

Spring  up.     To  arise  suddenly. 

Stand  forth.     To  stand  before. 

Stand  out.     To  be  prominent;  to  be  in  relief. 

Stand  up.     To  stand  erect. 

Turn  up.     To  put  in  an  appearance. 

Visibility — Adjectives. 
Apparent.     Easily  seen. 

Autoptical.     Based  upon  the  evidence  of  one's  own  eyes 
A  vue  d'ail  [F.j.     By  the  eye. 
Before  one.     In  one's  presence. 
Before  one's  eyes.     In  one's  presence. 
Clear.     Distinct. 

Conspicuous.     In  very  plain  sight. 
Definite.     Clear. 
Discernible.     Capable  of  being  perceived. 


Concealment.     The  state  of  being  hidden. 

Delitescence.     Seclusion. 

Imperceptibility.     Indistinguishability. 

Indistinctness.     The  lack  of  perspicuity. 

Invisibility.     The  quality  of  not  being  in  sight. 

Latency.     The    state    of    being   hidden.     See    Manifestation-La- 

TENCY. 

Mystery.     That  which  is  very  obscure. 
Non-appearance.     Failure  to  come  to  sight. 

Invisibility — Verbs. 
Be  hidden.     To  be  put  out  of  sight.     See  Manifestation-Latency. 
Be  invisible.     To  be  so  as  not  to  be  seen. 

Conceal.     To  keep   purposely  from    sight.     See   Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 
Escape  notice.     To  slip  from  the  observation. 
Hide.     To  secrete.     See  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 
Lose  sight  of.     To  fail  to  take  note  of. 
Lurk.     To  lie  hidden  to  attack  or  to  escape  notice. 
Not  see.     To  overlook. 
Put  out  of  sight.     To  hide. 
Render  invisible.     To  make  impossible  to  be  seen. 

Invisibility — Adjectives. 
A  perle  de  vue  [F.].     Out  of  sight. 
Behind  the  curtain.     In  secret. 

Behind  the  scenes.     Where  one  has  inside  information 
Blurred.     Indistinct. 
Confused .     Mixed . 
Covert.     Secret. 
Dark.     Not  easily  seen. 
Dim.     Shadowy. 
Eclipsed.     Cast  into  the  shadow. 
Ill-defined.      Badly  outlined. 
Ill-marked.      With  indistinct  marks. 
Imperceptible.     Not  to  be  seen. 
Inconspicuous.     So  as  not  to  attract  attention. 
Indefinite.     With  uncertain  boundaries. 
Indiscernible.     Not  capable  of  being  discerned. 
Indistinct.     Not  clearly  perceptible. 

Indistinguishable.     Incapable  of  being  separated  by  the  eye. 
Invisible.     Not  to  be  seen. 
Misty.     Made  indistinct,  as  if  by  mist. 
Mysterious.     Obscure. 
Non-apparent.     Not  evident. 
Not  in  sight.     Out  of  sight. 
Obscure.     Less  bright. 
Out  of  focus.      Not  in  focus. 
Out  of  sight.     Out  of  the  field  of  vision. 
Shadowy.     Lacking  clearness. 
Sightless.     Without  sight. 
Unapparent.      Not  apparent. 
Unconspicuous.     Not  conspicuous. 
Undefined.     Not  defined,  with  uncertain  boundaries. 
Under  an  eclipse.     Overshadowed. 
Undiscernible.      Not  capable  of  being  discerned 
Unseen.     Not  visible.     See  S:ght. 
Veiled.     Shielded  from  sight. 
Viewless .     I  n  visible . 

Invisibility — Phrase. 
Celare  fraudem  fraus  est  fL.L     It  is  a  fraud  to  conceal  a  fraud. 


VISIBILITY — Adjectives — Continued. 

Distinct.     Easily  perceived. 

En  evidence  [F.].     In  evidence;  conspicuous. 

Exposed  to  view.     Laid  open  to  sight. 

Glaring.     Reflecting  a  brilliant  light. 

In  bold  relief.     Giving  the  appearance    of  standing  out   from    the 

background. 
In  focus.     Giving  a  sharp  image. 
In  full  view.     Entirely  in  sight. 
In  one's  eye.     Imaginary. 
In  relief.     Projecting  upon  a  plane. 
In  sight.     In  view  of  the  eye. 
In  strong  relief.     Distinctly  outlined. 
In  view.     In  the  plane  of  sight. 
Obvious.     Plainly  evident. 

Oculis  subjecta  fidelibus  [L.].     Examined  by  trustworthy  eyes. 
Palpable.     That  may  be  touched;  obvious. 
Panoramic.     Pertaining  to  an  extended  view. 
Perceivable.     Capable  of  being  seen,  physically  or  mentally. 


VISIBILITY. 


1149 


VOCALIZATION. 


VISIBILITY— Adjectivbs— Con/.n«rf. 


Perceptible.     Which  may  be  seen. 

Periscopic.     Viewing  on  all  sides. 

Plain.     Clear. 

Recognizable.     Able  to  be  recognized. 

Staring.     Gazing  fixedly. 

Stereoscopic.     Pertaining  to  the  stere'ecope. 

Before  one's  eyes.     In  front  of  one. 

In  sight  of.     Within  the  range  of  vision. 


Unclouded.     Not  obscure. 
Under  one's  eye.     Under  one's  direction. 
Visible.     Perceivable  by  the  eye. 
Well-defined.     Clearly  bounded. 
Well-marked.     Plainly  marked. 


V-.sibiwty — Adverbs. 


Veluti  in  speculum  flL.].     As  in  a  looking-glass. 
Visibly.     In  a  visible  manner. 


vis'-i-ble.  Apparent.  Sight-Blindness,  Visibility- 
Invisibility;  become  visible,  Appearance-Disap- 
pearance ;  be  visible,  Appearance-Disappearance  ; 
darkness  visible,  Light-Darkness. 

vis'-i-bly.  In  a  visible  manner.  Sight-Blindness, 
Visibility-Invisibility. 

vi'-sion.  Sight;  dream;  fancy.  Fancy,  Jove-Fiend, 
Rhetoric,  Sight-Blindness,  Sight-Dimsighteu- 
ness;  organ  of  vision,  Sight-Blindness. 

vi'-sion-a-ry.  Dreamer;  imaginary.  Fancy,  Ortho- 
doxy-Heterodoxy, Possibility  -  Impossibility, 
Substance-Nullity. 

vi'-sion-less .    Sightless.    Sight-Blindness. 

vis'-it.  Sojourn.  Arrival-Departure,  Politeness- 
Impoliteness,  Sociability-Privacy;  visit  upon, 
Recompense-Pun  ition. 

vis'-it-ant.  Visitor.  Arrival-Departure,  Sociabil- 
ity-Privacy. 

vis"-it-a'-tion.  Visit.  Health-Sickness,  Pleasure- 
Pain,  Welpake-Misfortune;  visitations  of  Provi- 
dence, Divinity  ;  visitations  of  the  sick,  Ceremonial. 

vis -it-ing.  Calling.  Visiting  card,  Sign;  on  visiting 
terms,  Amity-Hostility,  Sociability- Privacy. 

vis'-it-or.    Guest;  official.    Friend-Foe,  Manager. 

vis'-or.    Mask.    Exposure-Hidingplace. 

vis'-ta.  View.  Aperture-Closure,  Appearance-Dis- 
appearance, Expectation-Surprise,  Sight-Blind- 
ness. 

vis'-u-al.  Visible.  Sight-Blindness;  visual  organ, 
Sight-Blindness. 

vi"-ta-bil'-i-ty.    Quality  of  being  vital.    Life-Death. 

vita:,  elixir  [L.]  (vai'-ti,  i-lix'-ir).  The  elixir  of  life. 
Remedy-Bane. 

vi'-tal.  Living;  necessary.  Consequence-Insignifi- 
cance, Life-Death. 

vi-tal'-i-ty.  Vital  force.  Life-Death,  Mutability- 
Stability,  Strength-Weakness. 

vi'-tal-ize.    Animate.    Life-Death. 

vi'-tals.    Parts  necessary  for  life.     Outside-Inside. 

vitam  impendere  i»er0[L.](vai'-tamim-pen'-der-t  vi'-ro). 
To  stake  one's  life  for  the  truth.  Assertion-Denial, 
Uprightness-Dishonesty. 

vi'-ti-ate.    Debase.    Betterment-Deterioration. 

vi'-ti-at"-ed.    Contaminated.    Health-Sickness. 

vi"-ti-a'-tion.  Depravation.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion. 

vitiis  nemo  sine  nascitur  [L.]  (vish'-i-is  ni'-mo  sai'-ni 
nas'-si-tur) .  No  one  is  born  free  from  faults.  Vir- 
tue-Vice. 

vitium  vivatque  iegendo,  alitur  [L.]  (\*ish"-i-um  vai-vat'- 
qui  ti-jen'-do,  al'-it-ur) .  Vice  is  nourished  and  lives  by 
concealment.  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Virtue- 
Vice. 

vit'-re-ous.  Glassy.  Diaphaneity-Opaqueness, 

Hardness- Softness. 

vit"-ri-fi-ca'-tion.    Vitrifaction.     Hardness-Softness. 

vit'-ri-fy.    Fuse  into  glass.    Hardness-Softness. 

vit'-rite.    Hard  glass.    Diaphaneity-Opaqueness. 

vi-tu'-per-ate.    Upbraid.    Approval-Disapproval. 

vi-tu"-per-a'-tion.  Abuse;  blame.  Approval-Disap- 
proval, 

Ni-tu'-per-a-tive.    Abusive.    Approval-Disapproval. 


vi-tu'-per-a"-tor.    Fault-finder.   Flatterer-Defamer. 

vi'-va.  Live.  Approval-Disapproval,  Reputation- 
Discredit. 

vi-va'-ce.    Lively.    Music. 

vi-va'-cious.  Active.  Activity-Indolence,  Light- 
he  artedness-Dejection,  Sensitiveness-Apathv. 

vi-va'-cious-ness.  Quality  of  being  vivacious.  Sensi- 
tiveness-Apathy. 

vi-vac'-i-ty.    Liveliness.    Activity-Indolence. 

vivamus,  dum  vivimus  [L.]  (vai-ve'-mus,  dum  viv'-i- 
mus).  Let  us  live  while  we  live.  Entertainment- 
Weariness. 

vivandiere  [F.]  (vi"- van' dyer').  Woman  sutler.  Dealer. 

vi-va'-ri-um .  Habitation.  Domestication-Agricul- 
ture. 

viva  voce  [L.]  (vai'-va  vo'-si).  By  spoken  word. 
Speech-Inarticulateness. 

vive  la  bagatelle[F.]  (viv  la  ba-ga-tel').  Success  to  tri- 
fling.   Entertainment-Weariness. 

vive  mentor  leihi  [L.]  (vai'-vi  mi'-mor  li'-thai).  Live 
mindful  of  death.     Advice,  Warning. 

vivendi  causa  [L.]  (vai-ven'-dai  cau'-sa) .  With  the  cause 
of  living.    Life-Death. 

vivere  est  cogilare  [L.]  (viv'-i-ri  est  coj"-i-te'-ri).  To 
live  is  to  think.    Reflection-Vacancy. 

vivere,  nan  est,  sed  valere,  vita  [L.]  (viv'-e-ri,  non  est, 
sed  va-H'-ri,  vai'-ta).  Not  to  live,  but  to  be  well,  is 
life.    Health-Sickness,  Life-Death. 

vive,  valeque  [L.]  (vai'-vi,  va-li'-que).  Life  and  health 
to  you!  farewell!    Arrival-Departure. 

viv'-id.  Intense.  Color-Achromatism,  Conscious- 
ness-Jnsensibility,  Light-Darkness,  Vigor-Iner- 
tia. 

vi-vif'-i-cate.    To  animate.    Life-Death. 

viv"-i-fi-ca'-tion.    Revival.    Life-Death. 

viv'-i-fied.    Animated.    Life-Death. 

viv'-i-fy.  Animate.  Life-Death,  Strength-Weak- 
ness. 

viv'-i-fy-ing.    Animating.    Life-Death. 

viv"-i-sec'-tion.  Dissection.  Charitableness-Ma- 
levolence, Sensuality-Suffering. 

vivit  post  funera  virtus  [L.]  (vai'-vit  post  fiu'-ni-ra  vir'- 
tus).  Virtue  lives  after  death.  Reputation-Dis- 
credit, Virtue-Vice. 

v ivre,  savoir  [F.]  (vivr,  sa-vwar').  Good  breeding.  So- 
ciety-Ludicrousness. 

vix'-en.  Shrew;  fox.  Fauna-Flora,  Favorite-Quar- 
relsomeness, Male-Female. 

viz.  Namely.  Interpretation-Misinterpretation, 
Universality- Particularity. 

vi-zier'.    Official.    Manager,  Representative. 

viz'-or.    Mask.    Exposure-Hidingplace. 

voids,  sic  vos  non  [L.]  (vo'-bis,  sic  vos  non).  Thus  you 
do  not  labor  for  yourselves.    Theft. 

vo'-ca-ble.    Sound.    Word-Neology. 

vo-cab'-u-la-ry.   List.   Word-Neology. 

vo'-cal.    Oral.    Music,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

vo'-cal-ism.    Exercise  of  the  vocal  organs.    Music. 

vo'-cal-ist.    Singer.    Musician. 

vo-cal'-i-ty.  Quality  of  being  vocal.  Vocalization- 
Muteness. 

vo"-cal-iz-a'-tion.    Sound.    Vocalization-Muteness. 


VOCALIZATION. 


1150 


VOCALIZATION— MUTENESS. 


VOCALIZATION— MUTENESS. 


Accent.     Stress  of  voice  on  a  particular  word  or  syllable. 
Accentuation.     The  act  of  accenting  or  giving  stress  to  words. 
Articulate  sound.     The  sound  of  the  voice  that  can  be  heard. 
Articulation.     Distinct  utterance. 

Broad  accent.     Speech  that  is  strongly  marked  by  a  peculiar  accent. 
Clearness.     The  quality  of  being  clear  or  easily  understood. 
Clearness  of  articulation.     The  quality  by  which  speech  is  easily 
understood. 

Cry.     A  loud  utterance. 

Delivery.     The  style  of  utterance. 

Distinctness.     Quality  of  being  easily  understood. 

Emphasis.     Special  stress  of  voice  in  speaking  or  reading. 

Enunciation.     The  mode  of  utterance  of  vocal  sounds. 

Ejaculation.     The  uttering  of  brief  exclamations. 

Euphony.     Agreeableness  of  sound. 

Exclamation.     An  emphatic  expression. 

Fine  voice.     A  voice  that  is  clearly  heard. 

Foreign  accent.     A  stress  of  voice  peculiar  to  a  particular  language. 

Gastriloquism.     Ventriloquism. 

Good  voice.     A  voice  that  is  distinctly  heard  or  understood. 

Intonation.     Modulation  of  the  voice  in  speaking. 

Melody.     Vocalization  that  is  agreeable  to  the  ear. 

Musical  voice.     A  voice  that  is  agreeable  to  the  ear.     See  Melody. 

Native  accent.     A  stress  of  voice  peculiar  to  a  particular  plase. 

Polyphonism.      Multiplicity  of  sounds. 

Powerful  voice..     A  voice  able  to  be  heard  at  a  great  distance. 

Prolation.     Pronunciation;  utterance. 

Pronunciation.     The  act  or  manner  of  speaking  words. 

Pure  accent.     An  accent  or  method  of  speech  free  from  any  pecu- 
liarity. 

Sound.     A  sensation  caused  by  the  voice,  etc.,  received  through  the 
ear.     See  Sound. 

Sound  of  voice.     The  vibrations  caused  by  the  voice  striking  the  ear. 
See  Sound. 

Stage  whisper.     A  loud  whisper. 

Strain.     The  prevailing  note  of  a  song,  etc. 

Stress.     The  relative  force  with  which  sound  is  uttered. 

Strong  accent.     A  very  apparent  peculiarity  of  pronunciation. 

Tone.     The  character  of  a  sound. 

Tone  of  voice.     The  character  of  the  sound  of  the  voice. 

Utterance.     Vocal  expression. 

Ventriloquism.     The  speaking  of  tones  in  such  a  manner  that  the 
sound  seems  to  come  from  some  other  source  than  the  speaker. 

Vocality.     Utterance. 

Vocalization.     The  act  of  uttering. 

Vtcireration.     Vehement  utterance  of  the  voice. 

Voice.     A  sound  produced  by  the  vocal  organs. 

Vocalization — Nouns  of  Agency. 

Bellows.     A  machine  for  producing  a  current  of  air. 

Lungs.     The  organs  of  respiration  used  in  producing  voeal  lound. 

Organ.     An  instrument  for  producing  musical  sounds. 

Vocalization — Associated  Nouns. 

Homonym.     A  word  which  has  a  sound  similar  to  another  word. 
Orthoepy.     The  science  or  art  of  correct  pronunciation. 
Phonology.     The  science  of  human  vocal  sounds. 
Science  of  voice.     Knowledge  of  the  properties,  characteristics,  etc., 
of  the^human  voice.  - 

Vocalization —  Verbs. 

Accentuate,     To  give  emphasis  to. 

Articulate.     To  utter  sounds  in  distinct  syllables. 

Aspirate.     To  make  harsh  or  uneven  sound. 

Breathe.     To  utter  with  breath  only. 

Cry.     To  utter  a  sound  in  loud  and  vehement  tone. 

Deliver.     To  utter  articulate  sounds  or  vocal  tones. 

Ejaculate.     To  speak  vehemently  and  briefly. 

Enunciate.     To  utter  with  organs  of  speech. 

Give  tongue.     To  bark. 

Give  utterance.     To  speak. 

Mouth.     To  enunciate  in  a  loud, unnatural,  and  constrained  manner. 

Prolate.     To  pronounce  or  utter  with  a  drawl. 

Pronounce.     To  give  articulate  utterance  to. 

Rap  out.     To  express  by  means  of  raps. 

TJtter.     To  give  out  or  send  forth  with  audible  sound. 

Vocalize.     To  utter  with  the  voice;  make  sonant. 

Whisper  in  the  ear.    To  speak  with  caution  into  the  ear. 

Vo  c  a  l  i  z  ati  o  n — A  djtctivts. 
Articulate.     Clearly  enunciated. 
Distinct.     Clear. 


Absence  of  voice.     The  quality  of  being  unable  to  speak. 

Aphonia.     Loss  of  the  power  of  articulation. 

Aphony.     Loss  of  voice. 

Childish  treble.  Speech  that  pipes  and  whistles,  "  his  big  manly 
voice,  turning  again  toward  childish  treble,  pipes  and  whistles  in 
his  sound."     \ Shakespeare,  As  You  Like  It,  II,  vii.] 

Dumbness.     State  or  quality  of  being  dumb  or  unable  to  speak. 

Dysphony.     Difficulty  in  uttering  articulate  sounds. 

Falsetto..     Artificial  tones  of  the  voice. 

Harsh  voice.  A  discordant  or  disagreeable  voice.  See  Cacoph- 
ony. 

Muteness.     Inability  to  speak. 

Obmutescence.     Loss  of  speech. 

Raucity.     Hoarseness. 

Silence.     Absence  of  sound  or  speech. 

Unmusical  voice.     A  h^rsh,  disagreeable  voice.     See  Dissonance. 

Want  of  voice.     Lack  of  the  power  of  speech. 

Muteness — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Mute        )       One  who  is  unable  to  speak. 

Muteness — Verbs. 

Cut  one  short.     To  cause  one  to  stop  speaking. 

Drown  the  voice.     To  overwhelm  the  voice  by  other  sounds. 

Dumfounder.     To  strike  dumb;  confound. 

Gag.     To  silence  by  force. 

Keep  silence.  To  keep  still  and  mute.  See  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity. 

Muffle.     To  deaden  the  sound  of. 

Muzzle.     To  put  to  silence;  prevent  from  utterance. 

Put  to  silence.     To  make  silent. 

Render  mute.     To  render  speechless  by  refutation  of  argument* 

Render  silent.     To  be  made  speechless. 

Silence.     To  compel  to  keep  silent  or  still. 

Smother.     To  cover  up  or  suppress. 

Speak  low.     To  speak  with  little  volume  to  the  voice. 

Speak  softly.     To  speak  in  low  tones. 

Stick  in  the  throat.     To  be  unable  to  speak. 

Stop  one's  mouth.     To  cause  o»e  to  stop  speaking. 

Strike  dumb.     Deprive  of  speech. 

Suppress.     To  withhold  from  expression  or  utterance. 

Whisper.     To  utter  in  a  whisper. 

Muteness — Adjectives. 

Aphonous.     Affected  with  or  characterized  by  aphony. 

Breathless.     Intense  or  eager,  as  if  holding  the  breath. 

Croaking.     Harsh;  guttural. 

Deaf  and  dumb.     Without  ability  to  hear  or  speak. 

Deaf-mute.     Dumb  in  consequence  of  deafness. 

Dry.     Uninteresting;  unattractive. 

Dumb.     Unable  to  make  articulate  sounds. 

Hoarse.     Harsh  and  rough  in  sound. 

Hoarse  as  a  raven.     With  a  croaking  voice. 

Hollow.     Resembling  sound  reverberated  from  a  cavity. 

Husky.     Not  clear;  hoarse. 

Inarticulate,     Not  produced  in  distinct  intelligible  syllables. 

Inaudible.     That  cannot  be  heard  or  is  very  difficult  to  hear. 

Mum.     Saying  nothing;  silent. 

Mute.     Uttering  no  word  or  sound. 

Mute  as  a  fish.     Voiceless. 

Mute  as  a  mackerel.     Dumb. 

Mute  as  a  stock-fish.     Without  utterance. 

Muzzled.     Put  to  silence. 

Raucous.     Hoarse. 

Sepulchral.     Unnaturally  low  and  hollow  in  tone. 

Silent.     Not  making  any  sound  or  noise. 

Speechless.     Being  without  faculty  of  speech. 

Taciturn.     Habitually  silent  or  reserved. 

Tongueless.     Speechless;  silent. 

Tongue-tied.     Having  the  speech  impeded  by  tongue-tie. 

Voiceless.     Having  no  voice  or  speech. 

Wordless.     Having  no  words;  dumb. 

Muteness — Adverbs,  etc. 

In  a  broken  voice.     With  disconnected  utterance. 

In  a  cracked  voice.     In  a  broken  voice. 

In  a  low  tone.     Softly. 

Sottovoce  [It.].     In  a  low  voice;  softly. 

With  bated  breath.     With  the  voice  checked  through  fear,  awe, etc. 

With  the  finger  on  the  lips.     With  silence. 

M  ute  ness — Phrase. 

Vox  faucibus  hasit  [L.|.     The  voice  stuck  in  the  throat.     [VirgiL 
jEneid,  ii,  774-] 


VOCALIZATION. 


1151 


VOLITION— OBLIGATION. 


VOCALIZATION— Adjectives — Continued. 


Ejaculatory.     Exclamatory. 
Euphonious.     Well-sounding. 
Oral.      Uttered  through  the  mouth. 


vo'-cal-ize.    Voice.    Vocalization-Muteness. 

vo-ca'-tion.    Occupation.    Occupation. 

voce,  solto  [It.]  (vo'-che,  sot'-to).  In  a  low  voice.  Loud- 
ness-Faintness,  Speech-Inarticulation,  Vocal- 
ization-Muteness. 

vo-cif"-er-a'-tion.  Shout.  Cry-Ululation,  Loudness- 
Faintness,  Vocalization-Muteness. 

vogue.  Fashion;  rumor.  Habit-Desuetude,  Repu- 
tation-Discredit, Society-Ludicrousness. 

vogue  la  galere  [F.]  (vog  la  ga-ler').  Forward,  come 
what  may.  Entertainment-Weariness,  Persist- 
ence-Whim. 

voice.  Tone;  speech;  report;  speaker;  a  property  of 
verbs.  Choice-Neutrality,  Cry-Ululation,  De- 
cision-Misjudgment,  Sound-Silence,  Vocaliza- 
tion-Muteness; active  voice,  Verb;  give  one's 
voice  for,  Assent-Dissent;  make  one's  voice  heard, 
Dominance-Impotence;  passive  voice,  Verb ;  raise 
one's  voice,  Assertion-Denial,  Cry-Ululation, 
Speech-Inarticulation;  still  small  voice,  Duty- 
Dereliction,  Loudness-Faintness;  voice  against, 
Antagonism-Concurrence,  Assent-Dissent;  voice 
of  conscience,  Repentance-Obduracy;  voice  of  the 
charmer,  Flatterer-Depamer;  voice  of  the  temp- 
ter, Motive-Caprice;  want  of  voice,  Vocalization- 
Muteness  ;  warning  voice,  Warning. 

voice'-less.    Without  voice.    Vocalization-Muteness. 

void.  Nullify;  evacuate;  empty.  Admission-Expul- 
sion, Cooperation-Opposition,  Substance-Nul- 
lity; null  and  void,  Law-Lawlessness;  void  of 
foundation,  Truthfulness-Fabrication;  void  of 
suspicion,  Faith-Misgiving. 


Phonetic.     Belonging  or  relating  to  sounds  made  by  the  huma* 

voice  or  articulate  sounds. 
Stertorious.     Accompanied  by  a  snoring  sound. 
Vocal.     Pertaining  or  relating  to  the  voice  or  oral  utterance. 

voiturier  [F.]  (vwa-tu-rie') .  Wagoner.  Wayfarer- 
Seafarer. 

volatile  [Sp.]  (vo-lan'-te) .  Carriage.  Traveling- Navi. 
gation. 

volat  irrevocabile  verbum,  semel  emissum  [L.]  (vo'-lat 
ir-rev-o-cab'-i-li  ver'-bum,  si'-mel  i-mis'-sum) .  Once 
sent  forth  the  word  flies  irrevocable.    Publicity. 

vol'-a-tile.  Vaporized;  fickle;  changeable.  Deter- 
mination -  Vacillation,  Heaviness  -  Lightness, 
Liquefaction-Volatilization,  Liquid-Gas,  Per- 
sistence-Whim. 

vol"-a-til'-i-ty.  The  quality  of  being  volatile.  Heavi- 
ness-Lightness, Liquefaction- Volatilization, 
Liquid-Gas. 

vol'-a-til-ize".  To  render  volatile.  Liquefaction-Vola- 
tilization. 

vol'-a-til-ized".  Rendered  volatile.  Liquefaction- 
Volatilization. 

vol-au-vent  [F.]  (vol"-o-varr').  Meat  pie.  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

vol-can'-ic  Bursting;  heat;  stirred.  Combustible, 
Excitability-Inexcitability,  Heat-Cold,  Heat- 
ing-Cooling, Turbulence-Calmness. 

vol-ca'-no.  Violence;  heat;  eruption.  Geology, 
Oven-Refrigerator,  Refuge-Pitfall,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness; on  a  volcano,  Security-Insecu- 
rity. 

volitare  per  ora,  virum  [L.]  (vol-i-te'-r!  per  o'-ra,  vai'- 
rum).  To  speak  through  the  mouths  of  men.  [Virgil, 
Georgics,  iii,  9.]     Publicity. 

vol"-i-ta'-tion.    Flight.    Traveling-Navigation. 

vo-li'-tion.    Will.    Volition-Obligation. 


VOLITION—  OBLIGATION. 


Conation.     An  attempt;  endeavor. 

Determination,  etc.  Firm  resolution;  fixed  purpose.  See  Deter- 
mination. 

Discretion.  Prudence;  wise  conduct;  liberty  of  acting  without 
control. 

Frame  of  mind.     State  of  mind.     See  Readiness. 

Freedom,  etc.  State  of  being  free;  liberty;  independence.  See 
Liberty. 

Free  will.     That  which  acts  without  constraint. 

Intention,  etc.  Determination  to  act  in  a  particular  manner.  See 
Purpose. 

Option.     Selection ;  right  of  choice.     See  Choice. 

Originality.  The  quality  of  being  productive  of  new  thoughts  or 
combinations  of  thoughts. 

Pleasure.     That  which  the  will  dictates  or  prefers. 

Predetermination,  etc.  Purpose  formed  beforehand.  See  Pre- 
determination. 

Self-control.  Restraint  exercised  over  oneself.  See  Determina- 
tion. 

Spontaneity.     Quality  of  proceeding  without  compulsion. 

Spontaneousness.     State  of  acting  of  one's  own  accord. 

Velleity.     An  inactive  or  indolent  wish  or  inclination. 

Volition.     The  power  of  willing;  any  act  or  exercise  of  will. 

Voluntariness.     State  of  acting  from  choice. 

Will.     Something  resolved  or  determined  upon. 

Will  and  pleasure.     Resolution ;  preference. 

Wish.     Something  desired ;  eager  or  longing  desire. 

Volition — Noun  of  Source. 

Mind .     That  which  thinks,  feels,  and  wills ,  the  souL 

Volition — Verbs. 

Determine,  etc.     To  resolve;  come  to  a  decision.     See  Determina- 
tion. 
Do  of  one's  own  accord,  etc.     To  exercise  one's  own  will. 
bo  upon  one's  own  authority.     To  act  without  restraint. 


e.  1 

-essitv  j  A  contrary  or  unfavorable  lot  or  life. 


Adverse  fate. 
Adverse  necesi 

Anagka  [Gr.J.     Force;  constraint,  necessity. 
Astral  influence.     The  astrological  power  which  governs  one's  life. 
Blind  impulse.     A  hidden  or  unseen  restraining  power. 
Book  of  Fate.     A  book  of  judgments  or  decrees. 
.    Compulsion,  etc.     Constraint  of  will  or  action.     See  Coercion. 
Dernier  ressort  [F.].     The  last  resource. 
Destination.     The  act  of  fixing  by  destiny  or  by  an  authoritative 

decree. 
Destiny.     A  resistless  power  or  agency  conceived  as  determining 

the  future. 

tv  . .     f  An  evil  or  dreadful  outcome. 

Dire  necessity  J 

Doom.     Judgment. 

Election.     Divine  choice. 

Fatalism.     The  doctrine  of  an  inevitable  necessity  for  all  things. 

Fatality.     The  state  of  proceeding  from  destiny;  necessity  superior 

to  free  and  rational  control. 
Fate.     Appointed  lot  or  life. 
Fates.     The  three  goddesses  who  were  supposed  to  determine  the 

course  of  human  life. 
Foredoom.     Sentence  or  doom  decreed  in  advance. 
Foreordination.     The    ordering   of   all   things   beforehand   by   the 

Creator. 
Fortune.     That  which  falls  or  is  to  befall  one. 
God's  will.     An  interruption  of  the  usual  course  of  events,  in  which 

God's  purpose  is  recognized. 

Hard  necessity  J  A  1ot  or  Kfe  difficu,t  to  bear  or  endure. 

Hobson's  choice.     A  choice  without  an  alternative. 

Ides  of.  March.     A  fateful  day.     [Shakespeare,  Julius  Casar4 

Imperious  fate.  It* 

Imperious  necessity./         ( 

Inevitableness,  etc.     Certainty  of  happening.     See  Adjectives. 

Inexorable  fate.  1  TT     .  . ,  ... 

Inexorable  necessity.  /  Unchangeable  or  relentless  course. 


t  or  event  that  cannot  be  controlled. 


VOLITION. 


1152 


VOLITION— OBLIGATION. 


VOLITION— QBUGATION— Continued. 


VOLITION— Verbs— Continued. 

Do  what  one  chooses.     To    be   independent;  be    free    to    act.     See 

Liberty. 
Exercise  one's  discretion.     To  be  free  in  the  exercise  of  judgment. 
Have  a  will  of  one's  own.     To  exercise  one's  power  of  choice. 
Have  it  all  one's  own  way.     To  dictate;  order  with  authority. 
Have  it  one's  own  way.     To  do  as  one  pleases. 
Have  one's  will.     To  decide  for  oneself. 
List.     To  desire  or  choose:  prefer. 

Originate,  etc.     To  produce  what  is  new;  create.     See  Causb. 
See  fit.     To  be  disposed;  purpose. 
Settle,    etc.     To    bring    to    a    conclusion;  decide;  determine.     See 

Choice. 
Take  one's  own  course.     To  decide  without  help. 
Take  the  law  into  one's  own  hands.     To  make  a  decision  upon  one's 

own  authority. 
Take  upon  oneself.     To  assume;  undertake  a  responsibility. 
Think  fit.     To  resolve;  purpose. 
Use  one's  discretion.     To  decide  of  one's  own  free  will;  choose  for 

oneself. 
Volunteer.     To  offer  or  bestow  voluntarily. 
Will.     To  resolve;  determine  upon. 

Volition — Adjectives. 

Autocratic.     Having  absolute  power;  irresponsible. 

Discretionary.)  Left  to  the  contro1  of  one's  own  judgment 

Free,  etc.  Having  liberty  to  follow  one's  own  inclinations  or  choice. 
See  Liberty. 

Intended,  etc.     Engaged;  betrothed.     See  Purpose. 

Minded,  etc.     Having  an  inclination ;  disposed.     See  Readiness. 

Optional.     Depending  on  choice;  elective. 

Original,  etc.     Produced  by  one's  own  mind  or  thought.     See  Cause. 

Prepense,  etc.  Considered  beforehand;  premeditated.  See  Pre- 
determination. 

Spontaneous.  Acting  of  one's  own  accord;  done  without  com- 
pulsion. 

Unbidden,  etc.  Not  commanded;  unsought;  not  invited.  See 
Order. 

Volitional.     Pertaining  to  willing  or  choosing. 

Voluntary.     Done  with  deliberation  and  purpose. 

Wilful.     Done  by  design;  governed  by  the  will. 

Volition — Adverbs,  etc. 
A  discretion  [F.].     At  discretion;  without  limit. 
A  volenti  [F.].     At  pleasure. 
Ad  arbitrium  [L.J.     At  will. 
Ad  libitum.     [L.1.1  Si    , 
Alpiacere.     [It.]./ At  pleasure. 

As  it  seems  good  to.     \  .  .    , 

As  one  thinks  proper.  I  **  one  'ud8es- 

At  pleasure.  \  „,,  .  . 

At  will.         I  one  w^n"- 

By  choice.     By  one's  own  will.     See  Choice. 

Deliberately.     Not  sudden  or  rash.     See  Predetermination. 

Ex  mero  motu  [L.J.     Of  one's  own  free  will. 

Of  one's  own  accord,      "i 

Of  one's  own  free  will.    [-Voluntarily. 

Out  of  one's  own  head.  J 

Proprio  ex  mero  motu  [L.J.     By  one's  own  free  will. 

Purposely.     With  an  object  in  view.     See  Purpose. 

Suo  ex  mero  motu  [L.].     With  his  own  free  will. 

Voluntarily.     Of  one's  own  free  will.     See  Adjectives. 

Volition — Phrases. 
Abeneplacito  [It. J.)  ..     , 
A  volontS  [F.J.  J  At  Pleasure. 

A  vostro  beneplacito  [It.J.     At  your  pleasure :  as  you  will. 
Benefieium  accipere  libertatem  est  vendere  [L.J.     To  accept  a  favor 

is  to  sell  your  liberty. 
Deus  vult  [L.J.     God  wills. 
Liberum  arbitrium  [L.J.     Free  will. 
Sic  volo,  sic  jubeo  [L.J.     Thus  I  will,  thus  I  command. 
Stat  pro  rattone  voluntas  [L.J.     My  will  stands  in  place  of  reason 
Was  man  ntcht  kann  meiden.  muss  man  willig  leiden   [Gl.      What 

can  t  be  cured  must  be  endured. 


OBLIGATION— Adjectives— Continued  from  Column  j. 
Involuntary.     Independent  of  will  or  choice. 
Irresistible.     Incapable  of  being  successfully  opposed. 
Irrevocable.     That  cannot  be  recalled  or  revoked. 


In  voluntariness.     Want  of  will  or  choi©  . 

Iron  necessity.)  Unre><^"8  *ate 

Kismet.     Fate. 

Last  resort.   1 

Last  shift.     /   Last  means  or  effort  to  escape  from  an  evil  impending. 

Lot.     The  part  which  falls  to  one,  as  it  were  by  chance,  or  withou 

his  planning. 
Necessaries.     Things  that  one  cannot  do  without.     See  Need. 
Necessitation.     The  state  of  being  made  necessary;  compulsion 
Necessity.     The  quality  or  state  of  being  necessary  or  absolutel- 

requisite. 
Obligation.     Any  power  which  binds  one. 
Parcai  [L.J.     The  three  goddesses  of  fate. 
Pisaller  [F.J.     A  last  shift;  a  makeshift. 
Planet.     A  star,  as  influencing  the  fate  of  men. 
Predestination.      The  doctrine  that  God  has   determined  that  cef 

tain  persons  shall  be  conformed  to  the  image  of  His  Son       \Ro- 

mans  viii,  29.] 
Preordination.     Foreordination. 
Sisters  three.     The  Fates. 
Sky.     The  sky,  as  influencing  the  fate  of  men. 
Spell.     A  charm.     See  Devotion-Charm. 
Star.     A  planet  supposed  to  influence  one's  destiny. 
Stars.     A  configuration  of  the  planets  supposed  to  influence  fortune 
Stern  fate.         1  ..     ,  , 

Stern  necessity./  Unchan8ing  or  unrelent.ng  fate. 

Subjection,  etc.     The  state  of  being  under  the  power  or  control  01 

another.     See  Liberty-Subjection. 
What  must  be.     That  which  is  decreed  by  fate. 
Wheel  of  fortune.     Fate. 

Will  of  heaven.     That  which  cannot  be  controlled  by  human  power. 
Obligation — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Automaton.     A  self-moving  figure  or  machine  that  imitates  the 

actions  of  living  beings. 
Fatalist.     One  who  maintains  that  all  things  happen  by  inevitable 

necessity. 
Necessarian.   \  One  who  holds  the  doctrine  of  philosophical  neces- 
Necessitarian.J      sity. 

Obligation — Verbs, 
Be  destined.     To  appoint  or  fix  unalterably. 
Be  doomed.     To  be  consigned  to  death  or  ruin;  be  condemned. 
Be  driven  into  a  corner.     To  compel  to  assent. 

Be  fated.     To  be  subject  to  inevitable  necessity;  be  decreed  by  fat  . 
Be  in  for.     To  be  marked  for  future  recognition. 
Be  one's  fate,  etc.     To  be  one's  lot  or  destiny.     See  Nouns. 
Be  one's  fate  to.     To  be  destined;  foredetermined. 
Be  pushed  to  the  wall.     To  be  forced  to  an  extremity. 
Be  unable  to  help.     To  be  beyond  one's  power  to  aid. 
Be  under  the  necessity  of.     To  be  obliged  or  compelled. 
Cast  a  spell,  etc.     To  fascinate;  exercise  irresistible  power  over. 

See  Devotion-Magic. 
Compel,  etc.     To  drive  on  forcibly;  oblige.     See  Coercion. 
Destine.     To  fix  unalterably;  set  or  appoint  to  a  use. 
Devote.     To  set  apart  by  a  solemn  act ;  consign  over. 
Doom.     To  fix  irrevocably  the  fate  of. 
Foredoom.     To  doom  beforehand. 
Have  no  alternative.)  t    .....  ^ 

Have  no  choice.         /  fo  °°  obllSed  to  accept  things  as  they  are 
Lie  under  a  necessity.     To  be  subject  to  an  irresistible  power 
Necessitate.     To  render  unavoidable;  force;  oblige. 
Predestine.     To  decree  beforehand. 
Preordain.     To  appoint  beforehand ;  predetermine. 

Obligation — Adjectives. 

Automatic.     Not  voluntary;  instinctive. 

Avoidless.     Not  to  be  evaded ;  inevitable. 

Blind.     Unseen;  unintelligible;  compelling. 

Compulsory,  etc.     Not  voluntary;  not  of  choice.     See  Coercion. 

Destined,  etc.     Appointed   unalterably  to  any  state  or  condition. 
See  Verbs 

Elect.     Chosen;  consecrate;  invested  with  office. 

Fated.     Assigned  with  a  certain  fate ;  doomed. 

Impulsive,  etc.     Having  the  power  of  driving  or  impelling.     Sec 
Predetermination-Impulse. 

Inevitable.     Unavoidable;  admitting  of  no  evasion. 

Inexorable.     Incapable    of   being   moved    by   entreaty   or  prayer: 
unyielding. 

Instinctive.     Determined  by  natural  impulse  or  propensity;  spon- 
taneous. 

(Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


VOLITION. 


1153 


VOTIS. 


OBLIGATION— Adjectives— Continued. 


Mechanical.     Done  involuntarily,  by  mere  force  of  habit. 

Necessary.     That  cannot  be  otherwise,  inevitable. 

Needful,  etc.     Needed  or  requisite,  as  for  some  purpose.     See  Need. 

Resistless.     That  cannot  be  effectually  opposed. 

Spellbound.     Bound  as  by  a  spell  or  charm. 

Unavoidable.     That  cannot  be  shunned ,  certain. 


Unconscious.     Not  knowing:  unawa-e. 

Uncontrollable.     Beyond  control;  ungovernable;  irresistible. 

Unintentional,  etc      Done  or  happening  without  design.     See  Pu*. 

pose-Luck. 
Unthinking.     Not  heedful;  thoughtless. 
Unwitting.     Ignorant;  unaware;  unconscious. 


Obligation — Adverbs. 


Bon  g.r6,  mal  ere"  [F.Q.     With  a  good   or  bad  grace;    willing  or  un- 
willing. 
By  stress  of.     Under  compulsion. 

Coute  que  coute  [F.J.     Come  what  may;  at  whatever  cost. 
Ex  necessitate  rei  [L.j.     From  the  urgency  of  the  case. 
Faute  de  mieux  [F.].     For  lack  of  something  better. 
If  need  be.     Should  it  be  necessary. 
Necessarily,  etc.     By  inevitable  consequence.     See  Adjectives. 

Obli  cation — -Phrases. 

Actum  me  invito  factus,   non  est  meus  actus   [L.J.     An    act    done        It  must  needs  be  so. 


Needs  must.     Must  of  necessity. 

Nolens  volens  [L.].     Whether  he  will  or  not. 

Of  course.     By  consequence. 

Of  necessity.     By  necessary  consequence;  by  compulsion. 

Perforce,  etc.     By  force.     See  Coercion. 

"Will  he  nill  he.     Whether  he  will  or  will  not;  without  choice. 

Willing  or  unwilling.     Compelled  by  force. 


against  my  will  is  not  my  act. 
Che  sard.,  sara  [It.].     Whatever  will  be,  will  be. 
Diis  aiiter  visum  [L.fl.     The  gods  have  judged  otherwise. 
Fata  obstant  [L.|.     The  Fates  oppose. 
It  cannot  Be  helped. 
It  is  written. 
It  must  be. 
It  must  be  so. 
It  must  have  its  way. 
It  must  needs  be. 


It  must  needs  have  its  way. 

It  will  be. 

It  will  be  so. 

It  will  have  its  way. 

Jactaest  alea  [L.].     The  die  is  cast. 

One's  days  are  numbered. 

One's  fate  is  sealed. 

The  die  is  cast. 

There  is  no  help  for  it. 

There  is  no  helping  it. 


vo-li'-tion-al.  Belonging  or  relating  to  the  volition. 
Volition-Obligation. 

Volk  der  Dichter  und  Denker  [G.]  (folk  dcr  dm'-terund 
den'-ker).  Nation  of  poets  and  thinkers-  the  Ger- 
mans.   Poetry-Prose,  Reflection-Vacancy. 

vol'-ley.  Discharge;  number.  Attack-Defense, 
Crash-Drumming,  Gathering-Scattering,  Tur- 
bulence-Calmness. 

volo  sic  jubeo,  sic  [L.]  (vol'-o  sic  jiu'-bi-o,  sic).  Thus  I 
will,  thus  I  order.    Order,  Volition-Obligation. 

volonte,  a,  [F.]  (vo-lon--te',a).  At  pleasure.  Volition- 
Obligation. 

vol-ta'-ic.  Produced  by  chemical  action.  Voltaic  cell, 
Electricity;  voltaic  electricity,  Electricity;  vol- 
taic pile,  Electricity. 

vol'-ta-ism.  Form  of  electricity  developed  by  chemical 
action.    Might-Impotence. 

vol"-ti-geur'.    Vaulter.    Belligerent. 

volt'-me"-ter.  An  instrument  for  measuring  a  current 
of  electricity.     Electricity. 

volio  sciolto  i  pensieri  strelli,  il  [It.]  (vol-to  schi'-ol-to  t 
pen-si'-er-i  stret'-ti,  il).  The  countenance  open,  but 
the  thought  closely  concealed.  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 

vol"-u-bil'-i-ty.  Quality  of  being  talkative.  Talka- 
tiveness-Taciturnity. 

vol'-u-ble.  Ready  in  speech.  Talkativeness-Taci- 
turnity. 

vol'-ume.  Mass;  book.  Greatness-Littleness,  Mag- 
nitude-Smallness,  Missive-Publication;  speak 
volumes,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Evidence-Counterevidence;  volume  of 
smoke,  Friability. 

yo-lu'-mi-nous .    Copious.    Greatness-Littleness. 

vol-un-ta'-ri-ness .  Willingness.  Readiness-Reluc- 
tance, Volition-Obligation. 

vol-un-ta'-ri-ly.    Willingly.    Volition-Obligation. 

vol'-un-ta-ry.  Will;  purposed.  Giving-Receiving, 
Readiness-Reluctance.  Volition-Obligation. 

vluntas,  stet  pro  ratione  [L.]  (vo-lun'-tas,  stet  pro  re- 
shi-o'-ni).  Let  the  will  stand  for  reason.  Volition- 
Obligation,  i 

Vol"-un-teer'.      Offer;    serve;    soldier.      Belligerent, 
Enterprise,     Proffer-Refusal,     Readiness-Re- 
luctance, Volition-Obligation. 
73 


voluptas,  est  qutzdam  fere  [L.]  (vo-lup'-tas,  est  qut'- 
dam  lli-ri).  There  is  in  weeping  a  certain  pleasure. 
Pleasure-Pain. 

voluptas,  sua  cuique  [L.]  (vo-lup'-tas,  siu'-a  kai'-qut). 
To  each,  his  own  pleasure.    Desire-Distaste. 

voluptas,  trahit  sua  quemque  [L.]  (vo-lup'-tas,  trc'-hit 
siu'-a  quem'-qui).  His  own  pleasure  draws  each 
man.    Moderation-Selfindulgence. 

vo-lup'-tu-a-ry.  Sensualist.  Moderation-Voluptu- 
ary, Purity  Rake. 

vo-lup'-tu-ous.  Sensual;  fulness.  Moderation-Sfi.f- 
indulgence.  Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Pu- 
rity-Impurity, Sensuality-Suffering. 

vo-lup'-tu-ous-ness.  Luxuriousness.  Moderation- 
Selfindulgence. 

vol"-u-ta'-tion.   Wallowing.    Revolution-Evolution 

vo-lute'.    Scroll.    Architecture,  Circle- Winding. 

vom'-it     Puke.    Admission-Expulsion. 

vo-mi'-tion.  The  act  or  power  of  vomiting.  Admis- 
sion-Expulsion 

vom'-i-to-ry.  Producing  vomiting.  Aperture-Clo- 
sure, Entrance-Exit. 

voo'-doo.    To  bewitch.    Devotion-Charm. 

vo-ra'-cious.  Hungry;  rapacious.  Desire-Distaste, 
Fasting-Gluttony. 

vo-rac'-i-ty.  Greediness  of  appetite.  Desire-Distaste, 
Fasting-  Gluttony. 

vorstellen  [G.]  (for'-stel"-len) .    Torepresent.    Fancy. 

Vorstellung  [G.]  (for'-stel"-lung) .    Perception.    Fancy. 

vor'-tex.  Whirlpool;  rotation.  Agitation,  Revolu- 
tion-Evolution, River-Wind. 

vor'-ti-cal.    Whirling.    Revolution-Evolution. 

vor'-ti-cose .  Rotating  rapidly.  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion. 

vo'-ta-ry.  Devotee;  votive.  Antagonist-Assistant, 
Decision-Misjudgment,  Desire-Distaste. 

vote.  Will;  ballot.  Assertion-Denial,  Choice-Neu- 
trality, President-Member;  vote  for,  Assent- 
Dissent. 

vo'-ter.  One  who  votes.  Assertion-Denial,  Choice- 
Neutrality. 

vot'-ing.  Present  participle  of  vote.  Choice-Neu- 
trality; voting  machine,  Instrument. 

votis,  hoc  erat  in  [L.]  (vo'-tis,  hoc  t'-rat  in).  This  was 
in  my  prayers.    Desire-Distaste. 


VOTIVE. 


1154 


VULTUS. 


vo'-tive.     Vowed.     Engagement-Release;   votive  of- 
fering, Devotion-Idolatry. 
voto.ex  [L.]  (vo'-to,  ex)      According  to  one's  vow.     De- 

VOTION-IOOLATRY,  ENGAGEMENT-RELEASE. 

vo'-to-graph.   Vote- recorder.   Instrument. 

vouch.  Confirm.  Assertion-Denial;  vouch  for,  Evi- 
dence-Counterevidence. 

vouch'-er.  Writing;  security.  Evidence-Counter- 
evidence,  Security,  Settlement-Default,  Sign. 

vouch-safe'.  Grant;  deign;  assure.  Consent,  Leave- 
Prohibition,  Petition-Expostulation,  Selfre- 
spect-Humbleness. 

vouch-safe'-ment.  A  gift  or  grant  in  condescension. 
Leave-Prohibition. 

vow.  Promise;  devote.  Assertion-Denial,  Devo- 
tion-Idolatry, Ewgagement-Release;  take  vows, 
Church. 

vow'-el.  A  character  representing  a  vocal  sound.  Let- 
ter. 

vox  audita  peril,  litlera  scripla  manet  [L.]  (vox  au- 
dai'-ta  pf-rit,  lit'-ter-a  scrip'-ta  me'-net).  The  voice 
heard  perishes,  the  letter  written  remains.  Muta- 
tion-Permanence, Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

vox  et  prceterea  nihil  [L.]  (vox  et  pri-ter'-f-a  nai'-hil). 
Talk  and  nothing  else.  Bragging,  Conceit-Diffi- 
dence, Meaning-Jargon,  Might-Impotence,  Sub- 
stance-Nullity. 

vox  faucibus  hcesit  [L.]  (vox  fau'-si-bus  hf'-sit).  The 
voice  stuck  in  his  throat.  Astonishment-Expect- 
ance, Sanguineness  -  Timidity,  Vocalization- 
Muteness. 

vox  populi  [L.  ]  (vox  pop'-yu-lai) .  The  voice  of  the  peo- 
ple. Assent-Dissent,  Choice-Neutrality,  Pub- 
licity, Rule-License. 

voy'-age.  Travel.  Ascent-Descent,  Movement-Rest, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

voyage,  bon  [F.]  (vwa-yazh',  bon').      Prosperous  voy- 


age to  you.   Arrival-Departure,  Traveling-Navi- 
gation. 

voy'-a-ger.    Navigator.    Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

vrai semblance  [F.]  (vre-san'-blans').  Truth.  Likeli- 
hood-Unlikelihood. 

vue  d'oeil,  a  [F.]  (vu  duy,  a).  At  sight.  Earliness- 
Lateness,  Visibility-Invisibility. 

Vul'-can.    A  god;  planet.    Agent,  Astronomy. 

vul'-gar.  Common.  Gentility-Commonalty,  Polite- 
ness-Impoliteness, Taste- Vulgarity;  vulgar 
tongue,  Language. 

vul'-gar-ism.  Grossness  of  manners.  Taste-Vulgar- 
ity. 

vul-gar'-i-ty.  Commonness.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness, Taste-Vulgarity. 

Vul'-gate.    Bible.    Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 

vulgus.ad  caplandum  [L.]  (vul'-gus,  ad  cap-tan'-dum) . 
To  catch  the  rabble.    Truthfulness-Fraud. 

vulgus  ignobile  [L.]  (vul'-gus  ig-no'-bi-li).  The  ignoble 
common  people.    Gentility-Commonalty. 

vul"-ner-a-bil'-i-ty.  State  of  being  vulnerable.  Se- 
curity-Insecurity. 

vul'-ner-a-ble.   Assailable.   Security'-Insecurity.  . 

vul'-ner-a-ry.    Application.    Remedy-Bane. 

vulnus,  ceiernum  servans  sub  pectore  [L.]  (vul'-nus,  t- 
ter'-num  ser'-vans  sub  pec'-to-ri).  Keeping  the  eter- 
nal wound  under  his  breast.  Pardon-Vindictive- 
ness. 

vulnus,  immedicabile  [L.]  (vul'-nus  im-med-i-cab'-i-li) . 
Incurable  wound.    Good-Evil. 

vul'-pine.    Sly.    Craft-Artlessness. 

vul'-ture.  Bird;  evil-doer.  Benefactor-Evildoer, 
Harshness-Mildness. 

vultus  est  index  animi  [L.]  (vul'-tus  est  in'-dex  an'-i- 
mai).  The  countenance  is  the  index  of  the  soul 
Sign. 


WABBLE. 


1155 


WAKE. 


w 


wab'-ble.  To  go  slowly;  oscillate.  Aim-Aberration, 
Desire-Distaste,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Vibra- 
tion. 

Wacht  am  Rhein  [G.].  (vaHt  am  rain) .  National  song 
of  Germany.    Patriotism-Treason. 

wad.     Stuffing.     Cover-Lining. 

wad'-die.    War-club.    Weapon. 

wad'-ding.  Lining;  stopper.  Cover-Lining,  Hard- 
ness-Softness, Heating-Cooling,  Perforator- 
Stopper. 

wad'-dle.     To  move  clumsily.     Swiftness-Slowness. 

wade.  To  walk  through  water.  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion; wade  in  blood,  Life-Killing;  wade  through, 
Teaching-Learning,  Toil-Relaxation. 

wa'-fer.  Cement;  a  small,  thin  disk.  Breadth-Nar- 
rowness, Connective,  Lamina-Fiber. 

waf'-fle.    Kind  of  cake.    Nutriment-Excretion. 

waf'-fle-i"-rons.    Cooking  utensils.    Heating-Cooling. 

waft.    To  carry  lightly.    River- Wind,  Transfer. 

waf'-ture.    Conveyance.    Transfer. 

wag.  To  oscillate;  a  joker.  Agitation,  Vibration, 
Wag;  wag  on,  Advance-Retrogression,  Travel- 
ing-Navigation. 

WAG. 

# 

Acrobat.     One  who  practises  rope-dancing,  vaulting,  etc. 
Bel  esprit  [F.J     A  person  of  wit. 
Bon  diable.     A  devilish  good-natured  fellow. 

Buffoon.      A  man  who  makes  a  practise  of  amusing  tricks  and  jokes. 
Caricaturist.     One  who  represents  or  draws  with  ridiculous  exaggera- 
tion. 
Charlatan.     A  quack. 
Clown.     The  fool  or  buffoon  in  a  play. 
Diseur  de  bon  mots  [F.].     A  sayer  of  good  things. 
Drolle  de  corps  [F.].     The  buffoon  of  the  crowd. 
Epigrammatist.     One  who  uses  sharp,  witty  sayings. 
Farceur  [F.].     A  jester;  a  wag. 
Gaillard  [F.].     A  merry  fellow. 

Gipsy.     One  of  a  vagabond  tribe  making  their  living  by  fortune-tell- 
ing, etc.    In  Europe  in  1417,  from  India.     Gypsy  means  Egypt. 
Grimacier  [F.J.     One  who  amuses  by  a  distortion  of  the  features. 
Harlequin.     A  buffoon  dressed  in  party-colored  clothes. 
Humorist.     One  who  displays  a  genial  and  droll  form  of  wit. 
Jack-a-dandy.     A  little,  foppish,  impertinent  fellow. 
Jack  in  the  green.     A  clown. 
Jack-pudding.     A  buffoon. 
Jester.     A  court  fool. 
Joe  Miller.     A  worn-out  joke. 

John.     A  name  sometimes  used  humorously  when  applied  to  an  awk- 
ward person. 
Life  of  the  party.     A  wit. 
Madcap.     A  person  of  wild  behavior. 

Merry-andrew.     One  whose  business  is  to  make  sport  for  others. 
Mime.     An  actor  in  a  ridiculous  play. 
Motley  fool.     A  jester  in  many  colored  clothes. 
Mountebank.     A  boastful  or  false  pretender. 
Pantaloon.     A  buffoon  in  pantomimes. 
Pickle-herring.     A  merry-andrew. 
Posture-maker.     An  acrobat  or  contortionist. 
Punch.     The  buffoon  of  a  puppet-show. 
Punchinello.      A    character   in   an  Italian    puppet    show,  whence 

English  Punch ;  a  buffoon. 
Punster.     One  skilled  in  punning. 
Reparteeist.     One  skilled  in  repartee. 
Scaramouch.     A  character  in  Italian  comedy. 
Spark.     A  brisk,  showy,  gay  man. 

Tumbler.     One  who  plays  tricks  by  various  motions  of  the  body 
Wag.     A  man  full  of  sport  and  humor. 
Wearer  of  the  cap  and  bells.  I  A    ,  .    ^ 

Wearer  of  the  motley.  J  A  c!own;  a  Jester- 


Wit.     A  man  of  humor. 
Wit-cracker.     A  humorist. 
Witling.     A  pretended  wit. 
Wit-snapper.     One  who  affects  repartee. 
Wi  t-worm .     One  who  feeds  on  wit. 
Zany.     A  buffoon. 

wa'-ger.    Abet;  strife.    Purpose-Luck;  wager  of  bat- 
tle,  Fighting-Conciliation;      wager  of  law,   Evi- 
dence-Counterevidence. 
wa'-ges.       Payment     for     service.     Labor  -  Capital, 

Price-Discount,  Recompense-Punition. 
wag'-ger-y.  Drollery.  Wittiness-Dulness. 
wag'-gish.     Drollish.     Lightheartedness-Dejection, 

Wittiness-Dulness. 
wag'-gish-ness.   Jocoseness.    Wittiness-Dulness. 
wag'-gle.    To  wag.    Agitation,  Vibration. 
Wag-ne'-ri-an.  Pertaining    to    Richard    Wagner. 

Music. 
wag'-on.      A  heavy,  four-wheeled  vehicle.      Convey- 

ance-Vessel. 
wag'-on-er.    A  wagon-driver.    Wayfarer-Seafarer. 
wag"-on-ette'.    A  kind  of  carriage.    Conveyance-Ves« 

sel. 
wag'-on-load".     Enough  to  fill  a  wagon.     Magnitude- 

Smallness. 
wag'-on-train".    Train  of  wagons.     Conveyance-Ves- 
sel. 
Wa-ha'-bi.     A  Mohammedan  sect.     Orthodoxy-Het- 
erodoxy. 
Wahrheit  und  Dichtung  [G.]  (var'-hait  unt  diH'-tung). 

Truth  and  fiction.  Fancy,  Poetry- Prose. 
waif.    A  Godsend.    Good-Evil. 

waifs  and  es-trays'.     Outcasts.     Gathering-Scatter- 
ing, Wayfarer-Seafarer.    , 
wail.    A  moan.   Jubilation-Lamentation. 
wain.   A  wagon.    Conveyance-Vessel. 
wain'-scot.     A  lining  for  inner  walls.     Cover-Lining, 

Top-Bottom. 
waist.      The  small  part  of  the  trunk.      Breadth-Nar- 
rowness. 
waist'-coat.   A  garment  for  the  waist.   Dress-Undress; 

put  In  a  strait-waistcoat,  Release-Restraint. 
wait.     To  tarry;   a  delay;   to  serve.     Action-Passive- 
ness,  Earliness-Lateness;    lie  in  wait  for,  Expo- 
sure -  Hidingplace,     Preparation  -  Nonprepara- 
tion;    wait  impatiently,  Earliness-Lateness;    wait 
on   company,    Obstruction-Help,    Solitude-Com- 
pany;    wait  to  see  how  the  wind  blows,  Bigotry- 
Apostasy;    wait  upon,  Chief-Underling,  Pulite- 
ness-Impoliteness. 
wait'-er.    Attendant.    Chief-Underling. 
wait'-ing.      Delay.      Expectation-Surprise  ;    be  kept 

waiting,  Earliness-Lateness. 
wait'-ing-maid.     A  female  attendant.     Chief-Under- 
ling. 
wait'-ress.    Female  attendant.    Chief-Underling. 
waits.    Christmas  carolers.    Musician. 
waive.     To  give  up ;   relinquish  temporarily.     Choice- 
Neutrality,  Earliness-Lateness,  Use-Disuse. 
wai'-wode.    A  liege  prince.    Chief-Underling. 
wake.  To  rouse ;  a  death-watch ;  track  left  by  a  ship.  An- 
teriority-Posteriority,   Entertainment- Weari- 
ness, Excitation,  Life-Funeral,  Mark-Oblitera- 
tion, Predecessor-Continuation;  enough  to  wake 


WAKE. 


1156 


WARNING. 


the  dead,  Loudness-Faintness;  follow  in  the  wake 
of,  Imitation-Originality,  Leading-Following; 
wake  the  thoughts,  Heed-Disregard;  wake  up,  Ex- 
citation. 

wake'-ful.    Alert.    Carefulness-Carelessness. 

wake'-ful-ness.  Tendency  to  keep  awake.  Activity- 
Indolence. 

wak'-en.    To  arouse.    Excitation. 

wald'-grave.  Title  of  German  nobility.  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

wale.  Ridge.  Convexity-Concavity. 
Wal-hal'-ia.  Hall  of  the  slain.  Heaven-Hell. 
yalk.  To  move  slowly  on  the  feet;  conduct;  business; 
way;  pasture.  Conduct,  Extension  -  District, 
Lists,  Movement-Rest,  Occupation,  Traveling- 
Navigation;  walk  in  the  shoes  of,  Imitation-Orig- 
inality, Representative;  walked  off  one's  legs, 
Weariness-Refreshment;  walk  off  with,  Theft; 
walk  of  life,  Occupation;  walk  one's  chalks,  Arriv- 
al-Departure, Quest-Evasion;  walk  over  the 
course,  Difficulty-Facility,  Success-Failure; 
walk  the  earth,  Life-Death. 

walk'-er.    One  who  walks.    Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

walk'-ing  gen'-tle-man.    A  traveling  actor.    Acting. 

walk'-o"-ver.    Success.    Success-Failure. 

wall.  A  continuous,  upright  structure;  a  defense;  a 
barrier.  Attack-Defense,  Cover-Lining,  Enclo- 
sure, Erectness  -  Flatness,  Guard  •  Prisoner, 
Obstruction-Help,  Refuge-Pitfall;  driven  to  the 
wall,  Difficulty-Facility;  go  to  the  wall,  Crea- 
tion-Destruction, Life -Death,  Success -Fail- 
ure; pushed  to  the  wall,  Volition-Obligation; 
take  the  wall,  Reputation-Discredit,  Selfre- 
spect-Humbleness;  wall  in,  Release-Restraint; 
wooden  walls,  Attack-Defense,  Belligerent. 

wal'-let.   Apocketbook.    Contents-Receiver. 

wal'-lop.   To  flog.    Agitation. 

wal'-low.  To  roll;  to  revel  indecently.  Height-Low- 
ness,  Revolution,  Spring-Dive;  wallow  in  pleas- 
ures, Enough,  Excess-Lack,  Sensuality-Suffer- 

i  ing;  wallow  in  riches,  Affluence-Penury;  wallow 
in  the  mire,  Cleanness-Filthiness,  Moderation- 
Selfindulgence. 

Walls'-end.    A  grade  of  coal.    Combustible. 

Wall  Street  slang.    Slang  of  brokers.    Word-Neology. 

wal'-nut.    Kind  of  nut.    Nutriment-Excretion. 

waltz.  Music  in  triple  measure ;  a  dance.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Music. 

wam'-ble.  To  roll  unsteadily;  to  be  disturbed  with 
nausea.  Desire-Distaste,  Determination-Vacil- 
lation, Mutability-Stability,  Vibration. 

wam'-pum.    Indian  money.    Money. 

wan.  Pale;  sad.  Color-Achromatism,  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection. 

wand.  A  rod  indicating  authority  or  function.  Charm, 
Scepter;  wave  a  wand,  Magic. 

wan'-der.  To  journey;  to  deviate;  to  be  delirious. 
Aim-Aberration,  Movement-Rest,  Saneness-Lu- 
nacy,  Traveling-Navigation;  the  attention  wan- 
ders, Heed-Disregard. 

wan'-der-er.    A  rover.    Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

wan'-der-ing.  Stray.  Aim-Aberration,  Convention- 
ality -  Unconventionality,  Saneness  -  Lunacy; 
wandering  Jew,  Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

wane.  To  decrease;  to  decline.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration Enlargement-Diminution,  Increase- 
Decrease,  Infancy-Age;  one's  star  on  the  wane, 
Welfare-Misfortune;  wax  and  wane,  Mutation- 
Permanence. 

wa'-ning.  Decreasing.  Enlargement -Diminution, 
Infancy-Age. 

want.  Lack.  Affluence-Penury,  Desire-Distaste, 
Excess-Lack,  Need,  Supremacy-Subordinacy, 
Transcursion-Shortcoming. 


want'-ing.  Lacking;  imbecile.  Entirety-Deficiency, 
Presence-Absence,.  Sagacity-Incapacity;  found 
wanting,  Adulation-Disparagement,  Faultless- 
ness-Faultiness,  Innocence-Guilt. 

want'-less.    Lacking  nothing.    Enough. 

want'-on.  Unrestrained.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness, Conventionality-Unconventionality,  En- 
tertainment -  Weariness,  Liberty  -  Subjection, 
Persistence- Whim,  Purity-Impurity,  Reckless- 
ness-Caution. 

wap'-en-take.    A  Saxon  court.    Extension-District. 

war.  Fighting.  Fighting-Conciliation;  at  war,  Har- 
mony-Discord, Strife-Peace;  at  war  with,  Antag- 
onism-Concurrence, Fighting-Conciliation;  de- 
clare war,  Variance-Accord;  man-of-war,WEAPON; 
seat  of  war,  Lists;  war  of  words,  Conversation- 
Monologue,  Strife-Peace. 

war'-bie.    To  sing  in  trills.    Musician. 

war'-bled.    Trilled.    Musician. 

war'-cry".  A  rallying-cry.  Alarm,  Defiance,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation. 

ward.  A  charge;  a  district;  protection.  Attack-De- 
fense, Chief-Underling,  City-Country,  Exten- 
sion-District, Refuge-Pitfall,  Release-Re- 
straint, Security-Insecurity,  Whole-Part; 
ward  off,  Attack- Defense,  Obstruction -Help, 
Guard-Prisoner;  watch  and  ward,  Carefulness- 
Carelessness. 

war'-dance".    A  dance  before  going  to  war.    Defiance. 

ward'-en.  A  guardian.  Chief-Underling,  Represen- 
tative, Security-Insecurity. 

ward'-er.  A  guard;  a  perforator.  Guard-Prisoner, 
Perforator-Stopper,  Security-Insecurity. 

ward'-mote.    A  ward  meeting.    Tribunal 

ward'-robe.    Apparel.    Dress-Undress. 

ward'-ship.    Guardianship.    Security-Insecurity. 

ware.    Wary;  merchandise.    Merchandise,  Warning 

ware'-house"     A  storehouse.    Market,  Store. 

ware'-room".    Storage-room.    Market. 

war'-fare".  Fighting.  Fighting-Conciliation,  Vari- 
ance-Accord. 

war'-horse".    A  charger.    Belligerent. 

war'-like.  Delighting  in  war.  Fighting-Concilia- 
tion, Strife-Peace. 

war'-lock.    A  wizard.    Devotion-Magician. 

warm.  To  make  hot;  passionate;  wealthy;  to  flog. 
Affluence-Penury,  Blueness-Orange,  Emotion, 
Excitation,  Favorite-Quarrelsomeness,  Heat- 
Cold,  Heating-Cooling,  Recompense -Punition, 
Redness  -  Greenness,  Turbulence  -  Calmness, 
Yellowness-Purple;  warm  bath,  Oven-Refrig- 
erator; warm  imagination,  Fancy;  warm  man, 
Affluence-Penury;  warm  reception,  Attack- 
Defense,  Sociability-Privacy;  warm  the  cockles 
of  the  heart,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  warm 
up,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Renovation-Re- 
lapse; warm  work.  Toil- Relaxation. 

warm'-heart"-ed.  Kind.  Amity-Hostility,  Charita- 
bleness-Malevolence, Emotion,  Sensitiveness- 
Apathy. 

warm'-ing.    Heating.    Heating-Cooling. 

warm'-ing-pan".  A  heater;  a  deputy.  Commutation. 
Permutation,  Oven-Refrigerator,  Preparation- 
Nonpreparation. 

warmth.  Vigorous  language.  Emotion,  Favorite- 
Anger,  Force-Weakness,  Heat-Cold,  Redness- 
Greenness. 

warn.  To  caution.  Alarm,  Motive-Dehortation, 
Prophecy,  Warning;  warn  off,  Leave-Prohibi- 
tion. 

warn'-er.    One  who  warns.    Warning. 

warn'-ing.  Caution;  omen.  Advice,  Portent,  Reck- 
lessness-Caution, Sign,  Warning;  give  warning, 
Keeping-Relinquishment,  Refuge-Pitfall,  Use- 


WARNING. 


1157 


WASH. 


Disuse;     warning  voice,  Alarm,   Refuge-Pitfall, 
Warning. 

WARNING. 

Admonition.     A  warning  containing  instruction  for  future  guidance. 

Alarm,  etc.  An  outcry  or  information  to  announce  danger.  See 
Alarm. 

Caution.     Prudence  in  regard  to  danger. 

Cautiousness,  etc.  The  quality  of  being  cautious.  See  Reckless- 
ness-Caution. 

Caveat  [L.].     In  law,  an  intimation  to  stop  proceedings;  awarning. 

Contraindication.  In  medicine,  a  symptom  which  forbids  the  usual 
treatment. 

Dehortation.     Advice  or  counsel  against  anything;  discussion. 

Lesson.     A  formal  reproof ;  a  reprimand;  a  rebuff. 

Monition.     Instruction  given  by  way  of  caution. 

Notice,  etc.     Intimation  beforehand;     warning.       See  Enlighten* 

ME  NT. 

Prediction.      A  declaration  of  a  future  event;    a  prophecy       See 

Prophecy. 
Premonishment.     Previous  warning  or  information. 
Premonition.     Previous  notice  of  something  yet  to  occur-   forewarn. 

ing. 
Warning.     Caution  against  danger. 

Warnings — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Advanced-guard.     Detachment  of  troops  which  precedes  the  main 

body. 
Bandosr.     A  large  fierce  dog,  usually  kept  chained. 
Beacon.     A  signal  or  mark  as  a  guide  to  mariners. 
Bird  of  ill  omen.     A  warning  of  danger  or  misfortune. 
Bivouac.     A  night-watch  of  a  force  to  prevent  surprise. 
Cassandra.     One  whose  predictions  or  warnings  no  one  believes. 

[Homer.] 
Clouds  on  the  horizon.     Signs  of  danger  or  warning. 
Death-watch.     A  small  insect  whose  sound  is  supposed  to  presage 

death. 

, .  "i  f  A  horn,  etc.,  that  sounds  an  alarm  in  thick  weather. 

1-og-signalJ  '        * 

Gathering  clouds.     Signs  of  warning. 

Guide-board.     A  board  having  upon  it  information  as  to  the  road. 

Guidon.     A  small  flag  used  to  direct  the  movement  of  troops. 

Handwriting  on  the  wall.     A  warning.     [Bible.] 

House-dog.     A  dog  kept  t  _>  guard  the  house. 

Lighthouse.     A  building  on  a  dangerous  shore  to  warn  sailors. 

Monitor.  One  who  instructs  in  regard  to  duty;  an  American  battle- 
ship. 

Mother  Carey's  chickens.  A  name  given  by  sailors  to  the  storm- 
petrels. 

Patrol.  A  detachment  whose  duty  is  to  preserve  order  and  repress 
disorders. 

Picket.  A  guard  on  a  camp's  outskirts  to  warn  against  an  enemy's 
approach. 

Reer-guard.     A  body  of  troops  to  guard  the  rear  of  an  army. 

Scout.     One  sent  ahead  to  gain  information  concerning  an  enemy. 

Sentinel.     One  who  guards  or  warns. 

Sentry.  A  soldier  placed  on  guard  to  give  notice  of  any  approaching 
danger. 

Signal-post.     A  post  for  displaying  flags,  lamps,  etc.,  as  signals. 

Signs  of  the  times.     Occurrences  which  indicate  coming  events. 

Spial.     One  who  watches  closely,  so  as  to  give  warning. 

Spy.     One  who  covertly  obtains  and  gives  information. 

Stormy  petrel.     A  black  sea-bird  prophetic  of  a  storm. 

Vedette.  An  outpost  to  give  warning  of  an  enemy  and  its  move- 
ments. 

Warning  voice.     A  sound  calling  attention  to  impending  danger. 

Watch.     One  who  guards  or  gives  warning  of  danger. 

Watch  and  ward.  One  who  is  vigilant  by  night  and  day;  a  very  care- 
ful watch. 

Watch-dog.  A  dog  kept  to  give  warning  of  danger  approaching 
premises  or  property. 

Watchman.     One  whose  vocation  is  to  watch  or  guard. 

Watch-tower.  A  tower  from  which  a  sentinel  gives  warning  of  ap- 
proaching danger, 

Yellow  flag.     A  flag  that  indicates  disease  on  shipboard. 

Warning — Verbs. 

Admonish.     To  warn  of  a  fault;  reprove  gently. 

Beware.     To  regard  with  caution ;  be  wary  of. 

Caution.     To  give  notice  of  danger;  to  warn 

Croak.     To  forebode  evil. 

Dehort.     To  dissuade;  warn  not  to  undertake. 

Forewarn.     To  caution  beforehand;  instruct  in  advance. 


Gardcz  [F..].     Take  care. 

Give  notice.     To  notify;  inform  in  advance. 

Give  warning.  To  caution  against  anything  that  may  prove  inju- 
rious. 

Keep  watch  and  ward,  etc.  To  be  vigilant  by  night  and  day.  Stw 
Carefulness. 

Menace.     To  threaten;  indicate  the  danger  or  risk  of. 

Premonish.     To  admonish  beforehand. 

Prewarn .     To  warn  beforehand. 

Put  on  one's  guard.    To  make  known  beforehand;  inform  previously 

Sound  the  alarm.     To  apprise  of  danger;  summon  to  meet  danger. 

Take  heed  at  one's  peril.    To  be  careful  or  cautious  at  one's  own  risk 

Take  warning.     To  be  on  one's  guard ;  take  heed. 

Ware.     To  guard  oneself;  beware  of . 

Warn.     To  put  on  guard  against  danger;  caution. 

Warning — Adjectives. 
Admonitive.   \  „ 

Admonitory.  J  Servin» to  warn  or  ^prove. 
Cautionary.     Conveying  a  warning. 
Monitory.     Giving  warning  or  advice. 
On  one's  guard,  etc.     On  the  lookout  for  danger  or  attack;  cautious. 

See  Recklessness-Caution. 
Premonitory.     Giving  previous  warning  or  notice. 
Warned,  etc.     Made  aware;  notified;  informed.     See  Verbs. 
Warning,  etc.     Cautioning  against  danger.     See  Verbs. 

Warning — Adverbs. 

In  terrorem,  eta  [L.].  As  a  warning.  See  Charitableness-Men- 
ace. 

Warning — Interjections 

Beware!  mindl  mind  what  you  are  about  I  take  caret  take  care 
what  you  are  about !  ware ! 

Warning — Phrases. 

Caveat  actor  [L.].     Let  the  doer  beware. 

Cave  quid  dicis,  quando,  et  cut  [L.].  Beware  what  you  say,  when, 
and  to  whom. 

Fcenum  habet  in  cornu  [L.].  He  has  hay  upon  his  horns;  beware  of 
him. 

he  silence  du  peuple  est  la  lecon  des  rois  [F.l.  The  silence  of  the  peo- 
ple is  the  lesson  of  kings. 

Ne  reveilles  pas  le  chat  qui  dort  [F.l  One  must  not  arouse  the 
sleeping  lion 

Verbum  sat  sapienti  [L.]      A  word  to  the  wise  is  sufficient. 

warp.  Bend;  deviate;  bias.  Aim-Aberration,  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration, Decision-Misjudgment, 
Enlargement  -  Diminution,  Mutation  -  Perma- 
nence, Proportion-Deformity,  Traveling-Navi- 
gation: warp  and  weft,  Texture. 

war'-paint.  Paint  put  on  the  body  before  going  to  war. 
Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

warped.    Bent.    Faultlessness-Faultiness. 

war'-rant.  To  justify;  a  bond;  an  order.  Assertion- 
Denial,  Dueness-Undueness,  Engagement,  Evi- 
dence-Counterevidence,  Justification-Charge, 
Leave-Prohibition,  Money,  Order,  Rule-Li- 
cense, Security;  death-warrant,  Exculpation-Con- 
viction, Life -Death,  Life -Killing;  I'll  warrant 
you,  Assertion-Denial,  Faith-Misgiving. 

war'-rant-ed.  Justified.    Dueness-Undueness. 

war-rant'-y.  Security;  authorization.  Dueness-Un- 
dueness, Engagement,  Evidence-Counterevi- 
dence,  Leave-Prohibition,  Security. 

war'-ren.  A  place  for  keeping  small  game.  Fertility- 
Sterility. 

war'-rior.   A  soldier.    Belligerent. 

wart.  A  small  excrescence.  Convexity-Concav- 
ity. 

wa'-ry.  Cautious.  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Cau- 
tion. 

was  ich  nicht  weiss,  macht  mich  nicht  heiss  [G.]  (vas  ih 
niHt  vais,  maHt  miH  niHt  hais) .  What  I  do  not  know 
does  not  make  me  glow;  nought  out  of  sight  wakes 
appetite.    Knowledge-Ignorance. 

wash.      To  cleanse;    to  overlay;    to  color;    a  marsh. 


WASH. 


1158 


WATER-AIR. 


Cleanness-Filthiness,  Color-Achromatism,  Cov- 
er-Lining, Painting,  Swamp-Island,  Water-Air; 
wash  down,  Nutriment-Excretion  ;  wash  one's 
hands  of,  Commission-Retirement,  Duty-Derelic- 
tion, Keeping-Relinquishment,  Proffer-Refu- 
sal, Quest-Abandonment;  wash  out,  Color- Achro- 
matism, Mark-Obliteration. 

wash'-er-wom"-an.  A  woman  who  washes.  Clean- 
ness-Filthiness. 

wash'-house.    A  small  house  where  the  washing  is  done. 

Cleanness-Filthiness,  Oven-Refrigerator. 
vash'-ing.     Cleansing.    Water-Air. 

•vash'-out".  Erosion.  Creation-Destruction,  Ref- 
uge-Pitfall. 

wash'-y.  Weak.  Force-Weakness,  Meaning-Jar- 
gon, Strength-Weakness. 

wasp.  An  insect.  Breadth-Narrowness;  bring  a 
wasp's  nest  about  one's  ears,  Welfare-Misfor- 
tune. 

wasp'-ish.  Snappish.  Favorite-Quarrelsomeness, 
Politeness-Impoliteness,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

was'-sail.  Liquor;  carousal.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Moderation-Selfindulgence,  Nutriment- 
Excretion. 

waste.  To  decrease;  destroy;  loss;  unproductive;  a 
plain.  Betterment-Deterioration,  Creation- 
Destruction,  Enlargement-Diminution,  Exten- 
sion-District, Extravagance-Avarice,  Fertility- 
Sterility,  Gain-Loss,  Gulf-Plain,  Increase-De- 
crease, Provision-Waste,  Use-Disuse,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness;  run  to  waste,  Betterment-De- 
terioration, Excess-Lack;  waste  time,  Action- 
Passiveness,  Activity-Indolence,  Duration-Nev- 
erness,  Opportuneness-Unsuitableness;  watery 
waste,  Ocean-Land. 

wa'-sted.  Weak;  deteriorated.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Provision-Waste,  Strength-Weakness. 

waste'-ful.  Prone  to  waste.  Extravagance-Avarice, 
Provision-Waste. 

waste'-pa"-per.  Soiled  paper;  of  no  force.  Might-Im- 
potence, Settlement-Default. 

waste'-pipe.  A  pipe  to  carry  off  waste.  Watercourse- 
Airpipe. 

waste'-thrift.  A  spendthrift.  Extravagance-Ava- 
rice. 


wa'-sting.  Wasteful.  Wide-wasting,  Goodness-Bad- 
ness, Pro  vision- Waste. 

wast'-rel.    A  waif.    Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

watch.  A  clock;  a  guard;  to  observe.  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Chronology-Anachronism,  Expec- 
tation-Surprise, Guard-Prisoner,  Heed-Disre- 
gard, Security -Insecurity,  Sight -Blindness, 
Warning;  death-watch,  Life-Death,  Warning; 
on  the  watch,  Expectation-Surprise,  Heed-Disre- 
gard, Reflection-Vacancy;  watch  and  ward,  Care- 
fulness-Carelessness, Keeper-Prisoner,  Warn- 
ing; watch  for,  Carefulness-Carelessness,  Ex- 
pectation-Surprise, Sight-Blindness. 

watch'-dog.  A  dog  that  guards  property.  Fauna- 
Flora,  Guard-Prisoner,  Security-Insecurity, 
Warning. 

watch'-et.    Pale  blue.    Blueness-Orange. 

watch'-flre.   A  fire  used  for  a  signal.    Sign. 

watch'-ful.  Careful.  Carefulness- Carelessness, 
Heed-Disregard,  Sagacity-Incapacity. 

watch'-ful-ness.  Vigilance.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness. 

watch'-glass.    A  cup.    Contents-Receiver. 

watch'-house.  A  guard-house.  Release-Prison;  in 
the  watch-house,  Justification-Charge. 

watch'-man.  A  guard.  Guard-Prisoner,  Security- 
Insecurity,  Warning. 

watch'-tow"-er.  A  tower  upon  which  a  sentinel  is 
placed.    Sight-Blindness,  Sign,  Warning. 

watch'-word.  A  countersign ;  a  rallying-cry.  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation, Sign. 

wa'-ter.  A  colorless  liquid.  Chemistry,  Deepness- 
Shallowness,  Transparency -Opaqueness;  Wa- 
ter-Air; backwater,  Advance-Retrogression;  cast 
one's  bread  upon  the  waters,  Provision-Waste; 
depth  of  water,  Deepness-Shallowness;  great 
waters,  Ocean-Land;  hold  water,  Proof-Disproof; 
keep  one's  head  above  water,  Security-Insecurity; 
land  covered  with  water,  Gulf-Plain;  of  the  first 
water,  Goodness-Badness;  pour  forth  like  water, 
Extravagance- Avarice;  pour  water  into  a  sieve, 
Provision-Waste;  running  water,  River-Wind; 
throw  cold  water  on,  Turbulence-Calmness,  Wit- 
tiness-Dulness;  walk  the  waters,  River-Wind. 


WATER— AIR. 


Deluge,  etc.     A  flood.     See  River. 

Diluent.     That  which  dilutes;  any  medicine  that  thins  the  blood. 

Flood  tide.    lTherisingwater, 

High  water.  J  * 

Lymph.     A  colorless  fluid  in  animal  bodies,  found  in  the  lymphatics. 

Rheum.     Any  thin  watery  discharge  from  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  head. 

Serosity.     Quality  or  state  of  being  serous. 

Serum.     A  thin    watery  substance  which  separates  from  the  body 
when  coagulated. 

Water.     A  colorless  liquid  compound,  made  up  of  oxygen  and  hydro- 
gen. 

Water — Nouns  of  Operation. 

Affusion.     Act  of  pouring  upon  a  person  or  thing. 

Balneation.     Act  of  bathing. 

Bath.     Operation  of  cleaning  the  body  by  the  application  of  water. 

Dilution.     Operation  of  making  more  liquid. 

Douche  [F.fl.     A  bath  given   by  a  forcible  jet  of  water  against  the 

body. 
Humectation.     Act  of  wetting  or  moistening,  as  in  medicine. 
Immersion.     Act  of  plunging  into  a  liquid  until  covered. 
Infiltration.     Operation  of  passing  into  the  pores  or  textures  of  a 

body. 
Irrigation.     Operation  of  causing  water  to  flow  c\'er  land  to  increase 

its  productivity. 
Lotion.     A  bathing  or  washing;  a  medicinal  wash. 
Maceration.     Act  of  softening  by  steeping  in  a  liquid. 
Mersion.     Act  of  plungingtnto  a  liquid  until  covered. 
Spargefaction.     Act  of  sprinkling. 
Washing,  etc.     Act  of  cleansing  with  water. 


Air,  etc.     The  gaseous  mixture  of  oxygen  and  nitrogen  surrounding 

the  earth.     See  Liquid-Gas. 
Atmosphere.     The  whole  mass  of  air,  clouds,  and  vapor  surrounding 

the  earth. 
Atmospheric  air.     The  air  existing  in  the  atmosphere. 

Rl      '  Irv  1  ^"^e  mass  °f  atmosphere  surrounding  the  earth. 
Cloud.     A  collection  of  visible  vapor  suspended  in  the  upper  atmos- 
phere. 
Common  air.     The  air  we  breathe. 

.-.        *  .     r  The  air  out  of  doors. 
Upen  air.  J 

Welkin     J  ^ne  aPParent  arcn  or  vault  of  heaven. 
Air — Nouns  of  Instrument. 

Aerometer.     An  instrument  for  finding  the  weight  of  the  atmosphere 

or  other  gases. 
Aneroid.     The  air-barometer  consisting  of  a  small  metallic  box  nearly 

exhausted  of  air. 
Barometer.     An  instrument  for  indicating  atmospheric  pressure. 
Baroscope.     An  instrument  showing  the  changes  in  the  weight  of  the 

atmosphere. 
Endiometer.     An  instrument  for  the  measurement  of  gases. 
Weathercock.     That  which  shows  by  its  turning  the  direction  of  the 

wind;  a  vane. 
Weather-gage.     An  instrument  for  measuring  atmospheric  pressure 
Weather-glass.     An  instrument  which  indicates  the  condition  of  the 

weather. 


WATER. 


1159 


WATERCOURSE— AIRPIPE. 


WATER— AIR—  Continued. 


Water — Verbs. 


Add  water.     To  pour  water  in ;  dilute. 

Affuse.     To  pour  upon;  sprinkle  as  with  a  liquid. 

Bathe.     To  cleanse  the  body  with  water. 

Be  watery,  etc.     To  be  moist:  be  abounding  with  water.     See  Adjec- 

lives. 
Dabble.     To  play  in  water;  throw  and  splash  water  about. 
Deluge.     To  overflow  with  water;  inundate. 
Dilute.     To  reduce  the  strength  of,  as  with  water. 
Dip.     To  plunge  into  a  liquid  and  withdraw  again. 
Douse.     To  thrust  into  water. 
Drench,     To  wet  through  and  through ;  soak. 
Drown      To  overwhelm  in  water. 
Duck.     To  plunge  suddenly  into  water. 
Gargle.     To  wash  the  mouth  and  throat  with  a  liquid  agitated  by  air 

from  the  wind-pipe. 
Immerge.     To  plunge  into  or  under  a  fluid. 
Immerse.     To  dip  entirely  under  a  fluid. 
Inject.     To  force  a  fluid  in  by  mechanical  or  physical  means. 
Inundate.     To  cover  with  water;  flood. 
Irrigate.     To  water  land  by  artificial  means. 
Lave.     To  wash  with  water;  bathe. 

Macerate.     To  soften  the  parts  of  a  substance  by  steeping  in  a  liquid. 
Merge.     To  sink  into  a  fluid;  be  swallowed  up  or  lost. 
Moisten,  etc.     To  wet  in  a  small  degree;    make  damp      See  Damp- 
ness. 
Pickle.     To  preserve,  as  with  brine. 
Plunge.     To  thrust  into  water  or  other  fluid  substance. 
Reek.     To  steam;  exhale,  emit  vapor. 

Slobber.     To  drip  saliva  or  other  fluid  from  the  mouth'  drivel. 
Slop.     To  spill  a  liquid  upon;  soil  with  a  liquid  spilled. 
Soak.     To  wet  thoroughly;  saturate;  enter  gradually  into  the  pores. 
Souse.     To  plunge  suddenly  into  water. 

Splash.     To  dash  water  about;  soil  with  a  liquid  dashed  about. 
Sprinkle.     To  scatter  a  liquid  in  drops  or  small  particles. 
Steep.     To  soak  in  a  liquid,  imbue. 
Submerge.     To  put  under  water;  drown. 
Swash.     To  dash  noisily,  as  water. 
Syringe.     To  wash  or  clean  with  a  syringe. 
Wash.     To  cleanse  with  water  or  other  liquid. 
Water.     To  supply  with  water;  wet. 
Wet.     To  saturate  with  water;  dip  in  a  liquid. 

Water — Adjectives. 
Aquatic.     Living  in  the  water  or  much  on  it. 
Aqueous.     Watery  pertaining  to  water. 
Balneal.     Pertaining  to  a  bath. 

Diluent.     Weakening  the  strength  of  by  mixing  with  water:  diluting. 
Diluted,  etc.     Made  thinner  or  weaker.     See  Verbs. 
Drenching,  etc.     Soaking;  wetting  thoroughly.     See  Verbs. 
Lymphatic.     Pertaining  to  lymph;  absorbent. 
Watery.     Containing  a  great  deal  of  water. 
Weak.     Feeble,  yielding  to  pressure. 
Wet,  etc.     Damp,  rainy;  saturated  with  a  liquid.     See  Dampness. 


Wat  e  r — Phrase. 


The  waters  are  out. 


Air — Scientific  Nouns. 

Aerography.     A  treatise  on  the  atmosphere  and  its  phenomena. 

Aerology.     The  science  which  treats  of  the  air.  its  nature  and  uses. 

Aeronautics.     The  science  of  sailing  in  the  air  by  mechanical  means. 

Aeroscopy.  The  observation  of  the  state  and  variations  of  the  at- 
mosphere. 

Aerostation.     Science  of  ascending  in  air-balloons. 

Climatology.  A  science  which  treats  of  the  different  climates  of  the 
earth. 

Isobar.     A  line  connecting  places  of  the  same  barometric  pressure. 

Meteorology.  The  science  which  treats  of  atmospheric  phenomena 
especially  in  reference  to  weather  and  climate. 

Air — Noun  of  Agent. 
Aeronaut.     An  aerial  navigator. 

Air — Nouns  of  Operation. 

Exposure  to  the  air.     Laying  open  to  the  operation  of  the  air. 
Exposure  to  the  weather.     Submitting  anything  to  the  action  of  the 

weather,. 
Ventilation.     Supplying  buildings  with  regular  quantities  of  fresh 

air. 

Air — Nouns  of  Condition. 

Climate.     The  condition  of  a  place  or  country  with  reference  to  the 

prevailing  weather. 
Rise  and  fall  of  barometer.     Indicative  of  atmospheric  instability 
Weather.     Atmospheric  conditions  or  changes  at  a  given  time. 

Air — Verbs. 

Air.     To  expose  to  the  air;  dry 

Fan,  etc.     To  cool  and  refresh  by  moving  the  air.     See  River*  Wind 

Ventilate.     To  supply  with  fresh  air. 

Air — Adjectives. 

Aerial.     Belonging  to  the  air;  high. 

Aeriform.     Having  the  nature  or  form  of  air;  not  solid. 

Airy.     Light  like  air;  high  in  the  air. 

Atmospheric.     Pertaining  to  the  atmosphere. 

Containing  air.     Holding  air 

Effervescent.     Gently  giving  off  bubbles  of  gas. 

Flatulent.     Windy;  affected  with  gas  in  the  stomach 

Meteorological.     Relating  to  the  atmosphere  and  its  phenomena. 

Weatherwise.     Skilful  in  foreseeing  the  changes  of  the  weather. 

Windy,  etc.     Abounding  with  wind;  airy.     See  River-Wind. 

Air — Adverbs,  etc. 

A  la  belle  etoile  [F  ].     Under  the  stars,  in  the  open  air 

Al  fresco  [It.]      In  the  open  air 

In  the  open  air.     Out  of  doors .  outside. 

Sub  dio  [L.J     Out  in  the  open  air. 

Sub  Jove  [L.J      Under  the  heavens. 


wa'-ter-col"-or.      A  paint  mostly  water.      Painting;      wa'-ter-course" 
water-color  drawing,  Painting. 

WATERCOURSE— AIRPIPE. 


A  river.    Watercourse-Airpipe. 


Adit.     A  nearly  horizontal  opening  to  a  mine  by  which  entrance  and 

exit  is  had. 
Ad)U    ge.  I  ^  tube  through  which  water  is  discharged. 

Aorta.     The  great  artery  of  the  body. 
Aquage.     A  mill-stream  before  it  enters  its  pond. 
Aqueduct.     An  artificial  channel  for  conveying  water. 
Canal.     An  artificial  water-channel  designed  for  navigation. 
Catch-drain.     A  ditch  along  the  side  of  a  hill  to  catch  the  surface- 
water 
Channel.     The  bed  where  a  stream  runs. 
Cloaca.     A  sewer. 

Conduit.     A  pipe  or  channel  for  conveying  water. 
Dike.     A  channel  for  water  made  by  digging. 
Ditch.     A  trench  for  draining  wet  land. 
Drain.     A  channel,  a  watercourse, 
fiuct.     A  tube  or  canal  by  which  water  is  conveyed. 
Smunctory.     An  organ  for  removing  fluid  waste  matter. 
Flood-gate      A  gate  for  shutting  out  or  releasing  a  body  of  water 
Force-pump.     A  pump  for  drawing  and  forcing  a  liquid. 


..    ?  ?  *     |  A  pipe  for  conveying  a  current  of  air. 

Blow-hole.  A  nostril  in  the  top  of  a  whale  shead,  a  hole  in  the  ice  to 
which  whales,  seals,  etc  ,  come  to  breathe. 

Blowpipe.     A  tube  for  directing  a  jet  of  air  into  a  flame. 

Bronchia  [L.J.     The  tube  which  carries  air  to  the  lungs. 

Bronchus  [L.J     A  subdivision  of  the  bronchia. 

Chimney.     A  smoke  flue. 

Flue.  An  enclosed  passage  for  establishing  and  directing  acurrent.of 
air. 

Funnel.     A  smoke  flue  or  pipe. 

Larynx.     The  upper  part  of  the  windpipe. 

Louvre.     An  opening  in  ancient  buildings  for  the  escape  of  smoke 

Nozzle.     A  projecting  vent  or  air-tube 

Pipe.     A  tube  for  directing  a  current  of  air. 

Shaft.     A  long  passage  for  the  admission  or  outlet  of  air. 

Smokestack.  A  pipe  serving  as  a  chimney  on  a  locomotive,  steam- 
vessel,  etc. 

Spiracle.  A  small  aperture  in  an  animal  or  vegetable  body  by  which 
air  is  inhaled  and  exhaled. 


WATERCOURSE. 


1160 


WAY. 


WATERCOURSE— AlKPIPE— Continued. 


Funnel.     A  vessel  for  conveying  liquids  into  a  close  vessel. 

r    r  ovle'  1  ^n  ornarnental  water-spout. 

Gully.    A  hollow  worn  in  the  earth  by  a  current  of  water. 

Gullyhole.  The  opening  through  which  gutters  discharge  surface- 
water. 

Gutter.  A  small  channel  at  the  roadside  for  carrying  off  surface 
water. 

Headrace.     The  part  of  a  channel  above  a  water-wheel. 

Hose.     A  flexible  pipe  of  India  rubber  for  conveying  water 

Kennel.     The  watercourse  of  a  street. 

Lock.  An  enclosure  in  a  canal  with  gates  at  each  end,  used  in  raising 
or  lowering  boats  from  one  level  to  another. 

Lock-weir.     A  waste-weir  for  a  canal. 

Main.     A  principal  water-pipe  as  distinguished  from  others. 

Moat.     A  deep  trench  around  a  castle,  sometimes  filled  with  water. 

Pantile.     A  tile  with  a  curved  surface  for  carrying  off  the  water. 

Passage.     A  channel  or  course.     See  Way. 

Penstock.     The  barrel  of  a  wooden  pump. 

Pipe.     A  long  tube  for  carrying  water. 

Pore.  One  of  the  minute  orifices  in  the  body  through  which  perspi- 
ration comes 

Race.     A  channel  for  a  current  of  water. 

Rose.     A  perforated  nozzle. 

Scupper.     A  channel  for  carrying  off  the  water  from  a  ship. 

Sewer.     A  channel  for  carrving  waste  matter. 

Siphon.  A  pipe  or  bent  tube  of  two  branches  by  which  a  liquid  can 
be  transferred  from  a  lower  level. 

Sluice.     A  passage  for  water  with  a  sliding  gate. 


Throat.     The  passage  by  which  the  air  passes  to  the  windpipe. 
Tonsils.     The  two  glandular  organs  situated  in  the  throat. 
Trachea.     The  windpipe. 
Venetian  blinds.      Blinds  with  slats  so  attached  that  they  may  be 

turned  so  as  to  let  in  or  exclude  light. 
Vent.     A  hole  or  passage  for  air. 
Ventiduct.     An  underground  ventilating  passage. 

Ventilator.      A  contrivance  for  effecting  the  passage  of  currents  of  air. 
Weasand.     The  windpipe. 
Windpipe.      The  passage  for  the  breath  from  the  larynx  to  the  lungs. 


WATERCOURSE— Continued. 

Sough.     A  small  drain. 
Spout.     A  discharging  pipe  or  orifice. 
Tail-race .     The  part  of  a  race  below  the  water-wheel. 
Trough.     A  long,  hollow  vessel  for  holding  water. 
Tunnel.     An  underground  channel. 
Valve .     A  lid,  or  cover  for  an  aperture. 
Vena  [L.].     A  vein. 

Waste-pipe.     A  pipe  for  carrying  off  fluid  waste  matter. 
Water-gate.     A  gate  by  which  water  may  be  confined  or  released. 
Water-pipe.     A  tube  or  pipe  for  carrying  water. 

Water-works.     The  system  of  pipes,  etc.,  connected  with  the  carry- 
ing of  water. 
Weir.     An  artificial  obstruction  to  direct  the  course  of  water. 

Watercourse — Adjectives. 
Vascular.     Consisting  of  tubes  or  vessels. 


wa'-ter-cure".    Hydropathy.    Remedy-Bane. 
wa'-ter-dog".   A  water-spaniel.    Fauna-Flora. 
wa'-ter-drink"-er.      An  abstainer.      Teetotalism-In- 

TEMPERANCE. 

wa'-tered.  Variegated;  inflated.  Variegation;  wa- 
tered stock,  Labor-Capital. 

wa'-ter-fall".    A  cascade.    River-Wind. 

wa'-ter-glass".  A  substance  used  in  painting.  Paint- 
ing. 

wa'-ter-gru"-el.  Gruel  made  with  water.  Strength- 
Weakness. 

wa'-ter-ing.  Supplying  water.  Watering-cart,  River- 
Wind;  watering-place,  Dweller-Habitation;  wa- 
tering-pot, River- Wind. 

wa'-ter-logged".  Water-soaked;        unmanageable. 

Might-Impotence,  Obstruction-Help,  Security- 
Insecurity. 

wa'-ter-man.    A  boatman.    Wayfarer-Seafarer. 

wa'-ter-part"-ing.    Watershed.    Top-Bottom. 

wa'-ter-pipe".  A  pipe  for  conveying  water.  Aper- 
ture-Closure, River-Wind. 

wa'-ter-proof".  Impervious.  Dampness-Dryness, 
Dress-Undress,  Security-Insecurity. 

wa'-ters.  Waters  of  bitterness.  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Supremacy-Subordinacy;  waters  of 
oblivion,  Remembrance-Forgetfulness. 

wa'-ter-shed".    A  water  divide.    Top-Bottom. 

wa'-ter-span"-iel.    A  kind  of  dog.    Fauna-Flora. 

wa'-ter-spout".    A  column  of  spray.    River- Wind. 

wa'-ter-tight".  Impervious.  Aperture-Closure, 
Dampness-Dryness. 

wa'-ter- wheel".    Wheel  run  by  water.    Instrument. 

wa'-ter-work".  A  system  for  furnishing  water.  Riv- 
er-Wind. 

wa'-ter-y.  Wet.  Dampness-Dryness,  Water-Air; 
watery  eyes,  Jubilation-Lamentation;  watery 
grave,  Life-Death. 

watt.    Electrical  unit.    Electricity. 

wat'-tle.    To  interweave.    Crossing. 

Wat  Ty'-ler.  An  English  rebel.  Insubordination- 
Obedience. 

wave.  To  oscillate;  sinuous;  billow.  Circle- Wind- 
ing, Ocean-Land,  Vibration;  wave  a  banner,  Sign; 
wave  a  wand,  Worship-Magic;  waves  of  water,  Riv- 
er-Wind. 


wa'-ver.  To  reel.  Determination-Vacillation,  Mu- 
tability-Stability. 

wa'-ver-er.  A  vacillating  person.  Determination 
Vacillation. 

waves.  Curved  ridges.  Ocean-Land  ;  buffet  the  waves, 
Antagonism-Concurrence,  Difficulty-Facility, 
Traveling-Navigation;  lash  the  waves,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness;  plow  the  waves,  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

wa'-vy.    Ruffled.    Circle- Winding. 

wax.  To  grow;  a  soft  substance.  Conversion,  En- 
largement-Diminution, Hardness-Softness,  In- 
crease-Decrease, Pulpiness- Rosin;  close  as 
wax,  Enlightenment-Secrecy;  wax  and  wane, 
Mutation-Permanence. 

wax'-work".    Wax  figures.    Delineation-Caricature. 

wax'-y.  Slippery;  angry.  Favorite-Anger,  Pulpi- 
ness-Oiliness. 

way.  A  road;  a  habit;  space.  Aperture-Closure, 
Extension-District,  Habit-Desuetude,  Quan- 
tity-Measure, Way;  by  the  way,  Purpose-Luck, 
Transfer;  byway  of,  Aim-Aberration,  Way;  fall 
in  the  way  of,  Presence-Absence;  fight  one's  way, 
Fighting-Conciliation,  Quest-Evasion,  Toil-Re- 
laxation; find  its  way,  Transmission;  gather  way, 
Traveling-Navigation;  get  into  the  way  of ,  Habit- 
Desuetude;  go  one's  way,  Arrival-Departure; 
go  your  way,  Admission-Expulsion;  have  one's  own 
way,  Difficulty-Facility,  Liberty-Subjection; 
have  way  on,  Traveling-Navigation;  in  a  bad  way, 
Health-Sickness,  Security-Insecurity;  in  a  way, 
Favorite-Anger,  Pleasure-Pain,  Volition-Obli- 
gation; in  the  way  near,  Remoteness-Nearness; 
in  the  way  of,  Antagonism-Concurrence,  Difficul- 
ty-Facility, Education-Misteaching,  OBSTrUC- 
tion-Help;U  must  have  its  way,  Bigotry-Apost..sy, 
Volition-Obligation;  let  it  have  its  way,  Action- 
Passiveness;  long  way  off,  Remoteness-Nearnkss; 
make  one's  way,  Advance-Retrogression,  Suc- 
cess-Failure, Transmission,  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion, Welfare-Misfortune  ;  make  way,  Transmis- 
sion; make  way  for,  Aim-Aberration,  Aperture- 
Closure,  Commutation-Permutation,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Politeness-Impoliteness,  Quest-Eva- 
sion;    not  know  which  way  to  turn,  Certainty- 


WAY. 


ll(il 


WAYFARER— SEAFARER. 


Doubt;  on  the  way,  Advance-Retrogression, 
Transfer;  place  in  one's  way,  Proffer-Refusal; 
put  in  the  way  of,  Education-Misteaching,  Possi- 
bility-Impossibility; see  one's  way,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Knowledge-Ignorance;  show  the  way, 
Management;  under  way,  Advance-Retrogres- 
sion, Arrival-Departure,  Movement-Rest,  Trav- 
eling-Navigation; way  in,  Entrance-Exit;  way 
of  speaking,  Trope;  way  of  thinking,  Faith-Misgiv- 
ing; way  out,  Entrance-Exit;  wing  one's  way, 
Traveling-Navigation. 

WAY. 

Adit.     An  entrance  or  passage. 

Aisle.     A  passage  into  which  the  pews  of  a  church  open. 

Alley.     A  narrow  passage  or  way. 

Artery.     A  continuous  channel  of  communication,  as  of  blood  from 

the  heart. 
Avenue.     A  way  or  opening  for  entrance  into  a  place. 
Back-door.  |  Anindirect 
Back-stairs.-* 

Beat.     A  round  or  course  which  is  frequently  gone  over. 
Beaten  path.  \  A  . 

Beaten  [rack./  A  w**  worn  h*  use" 
Bridge.     A  structure  to  make  a  passageway  across  a  stream  of  water. 

Bridle-road"  I A  way  for  saddle-horses  and  pack-horses,  as  distin- 

Bridlp-track  J      guished  from  the  way  for  vehicles. 

Broad  highway.     A  public  way. 

Bypath.^ 

Byroad,  >  An  obscure  or  private  way. 

Byway.  ) 

Canal,  etc.     A  channel  for  navigation.     See  Watercourse. 

Carrefour  [P.J.     A  carriageway. 

Causeway.     A  way  or  road  across  a  wet  or  marshy  ground. 

Channel.     A  means  of  passing. 

Coach  road.     A  way  or  road  where  coaches  are  driven. 

Corridor.     A  gallery  or  passageway  in  a  building. 

Course.     The  ground  or  path  traversed. 

Covert  way.     A  covered  way  or  passage. 

Crossroad "lAn   obscure   road   intersecting  or  avoiding  the  main 

Cross-way."  J      road- 

Cut.     A  passage  made  by  cutting  or  digging. 

Door.     An  opening  in  the  wall  of  a  house. 

Drawbridge.     A  bridge,  the  whole  or  part  of  which  may  be  raised, 

lowered,  or  turned  aside. 
Ferry.     A  place  where  persons  or  things  are  carried  across  a  river  in  a 

ferryboat. 
Flags.     Plat  stones  used  for  paving. 

Flight  of  stairs.   A  series  of  steps  leading  from  one  landing  to  another. 
Foot-bridge.     A  narrow  bridge  for  foot-passengers  only. 
Foot-path.     A  narrow  path  for  pedestrians  only. 
Ford.     A  place  in  a  river  where  it  may  be  crossed  on  foot. 
Gangway.     A  passage  into  any  enclosed  space. 
Gateway.     A  passage  through  a  fence  or  wall.     See  Aperture. 
Highway.     A  public  road  or  way. 
Highways  and  byways.     Public  and  private  ways. 

Horse  road"   f  ^  way  *or  ^orses«  as  distinguished  from  the  way  for 

Horse-track.i      vehicles. 

King's  highway.     The  public  road. 

Ladder.     A  frame  for  ascent  and  descent. 

Lane.     A  passageway  between  hedges  or  fences  which  is  not  used  as  a 

highroad. 
Line  of  road.)  ,         , 
Lineofway./Aroadorroute- 
Lobby.     A  passage  or  hall  of  communication. 
Means  of  access.     A  course  or  passage. 
Occupation  road.     A  road  connecting  the  parts  of  an  estate  separated 

by  a  railroad,  canal,  etc. 
Orbit.     The  path  of  a  heavenly  body. 

Passage  i  ^n  °PeninS»  road,  or  track  available  for  passing. 

Path.        1  A  , 

Pathway  J       wav» course.  or  track  in  which  anything  moves. 


Pavement.     A  floor  of  solid  material,  making  a  hard  and  convenient 

surface  for  travel. 
Pipe.     A  passageway  for  liquid,  air,  etc.     See  Opening. 
Plank.     A  road-surface  formed  of  planks. 
Pontoon.     A  flat-bottomed  boat  used  to  support  the  roadway  *n  the 

construction  of  floating  bridges. 
Private  road.     A  road  used  only  by  particular  persons. 
Queen's  highway.     The  public  road.        ' 

Railroad.)  A  road  or  way  consisting  of  steel  rails  adjusted  for  tha 
Railway.  J       wheels  of  vehicles. 

Road.     A  public  passage  for  persons,  animals,  and  vehicles 
Roadway.     A  part  of  a  road  traveled  by  carriages. 
Route.     The  course  or  way  which  is  traveled  or  passed. 
Royal  road.     A  public  way. 
Secret  passage.     A  way  known  to  but  few. 
Short  cut.     A  way  that  shortens  the  ordinary  distance.     See  Mir> 

COURSE. 

Sidewalk.     A  walk  for  foot-passengers  at  the  side  of  a  street. 
Stair.     A  series  of  steps  leading  from  one  landing  to  another. 

Stairwav" i  ^  ^*gnt  °^  staire  with  their  supporting  framework,  etc. 

Stepping-stone.     A  means  of  progress  or  advancement. 

Steps.     Walk;  passage. 

Stile.     A  step  or  set  of  steps  for  crossing  a  fence. 

Street.     A  public  highway.     See  Dweller-Habitation. 

Tack.     The  direction  of  a  vessel  in  regard  to  the  trim  of  her  sails. 

Thoroughfare.     An  unobstructed  way  open  to  the  public. 

Tow-path.     A  path  traveled  by  men  or  animals  in  towing  boats. 

Track.     A  path  or  course  laid  out  for  a  race,  etc. 

Trajectory.     A  curve  which  a  body  describes  in  space. 

Tramwav  '  1  ^  roa£l  prepared  for  easy  transit  of  trams  or  wagons. 

Trottoir  [F.J.     A  sidewalk. 

Tunnel.     An  underground  passage. 

Turnpike.     A  road  obstructed  by  a  gate  or  bar  for  the  purpose  of  coL 

lecting  toll. 
Viaduct.     A  bridge  crossing  a  valley  or  gorge. 
Walk.     A  frequented  track. 
Way.     A  passage. 

Way — Nouns  of  Method. 

Fashion.     Mode  of  conduct. 
Form.     The  established  way  of  proceeding. 
Gait.     Carriage  of  the  body  while  moving;  mode  of  walking. 
Guise.     Outward  appearance. 
Manner.     Mode  of  acting  or  doing  anything. 

Method.     Regular  mode  of  procedure  or  manner  of  doing  anything. 
Mode.     Manner  of  acting  or  being. 
Modus  operandi  [L.l     Manner  of  operating. 

Procedure,  etc.     The  method  or  manner  of  proceeding  or  moving  for- 
ward.    See  Couduct.  , 
Tone.     Distinctive  style  or  tendency. 
Way.     Course  of  action. 
Wise.     Manner  of  being  or  acting. 

Way — Adverbs,  etc. 

After  this  fashion.     In  this  manner. 

Anyhow.     In  any  way  at  all. 

By  way  of.     Passing. 

By  what  mode.     In  what  manner. 

How.     In  what  way. 

In  this  way.     In  this  manner. 

In  transitu,  etc.  [L.J.     On  the  passage;   by  the  way,  etc.     See  Ci» 

CLE. 

In  what  manner."!  „ 

In  what  way.        ) 

One  way  or  another.     In  some  manner. 

On  the  highroad  to.    Going  to. 

So.     In  this  way. 

Somehow  or  other,  etc.     In  some  way.     See  Instrumentality 

Via  [L.J.     By  the  way  of. 

Way — Phrase. 

H&  tibi  erunl  artes  [L..J.     These  shall  be  your  arts. 

Way.     Course  of  life.     The  Way,     Divinity. 
way'-far"-er.   A  traveler.    Wayfarer-Seafarer. 


WAYFARER— SEAFARER 


Adventurer.     One  who  travels  in  search  of  adventure. 
Alpine  Club.     A  company  formed  for  travel  in  the  Alps. 
Arab.     A  native  of  Arabia:  applied  to  a  homeless  wanderer  because 
tl*e  Arabs  are  nomadic. 


A.  B .     Abbreviation  for  able-bodied  seaman. 

Able  seaman.     One  able  to  fulfil  the  ordinary  duties  of  seamanship 

Aerial  navigator.     One  who  navigates  in  the  air. 

Aeronaut.     An  aerial  navigator. 


WAYFARER. 


1162 


WEAKLY. 


WAYFARER—  SEAFARER— Continutd. 


Argonaut.     One  who  sailed  in  the  Argo. 

Ariel.     A  spirit  of  the  air.     [Bible.     Shakespeare,  Tempest^ 

Bird  of  passage.     Birds  which  come  and  go  with  the  seasons. 

Bohemian.     A  French  name  for  Gipsies,  supposed  to  be  Hussites. 

Breaker.     A  man  who  travels  about  breaking  horses. 

Cab-driver.  \  ~         ,      ,  .  , 

Cabman.     /  0ne  who  dnves  a  cab' 

Carter.     A  man  who  drives  a  cart. 

Cavalier.     A  military  man  serving  on  horseback. 

Charioteer.     One  who  drives  a  chariot. 

Coachman.     One  who  drives  a  coach  or  carriage. 

Comet.     A  heavenly  body  appearing  irregularly  and  traveling  in 

parabolic  curves,  or  in  a  few  instances  in  elliptical  orbits  of  great 

eccentricity. 
Condottiere  [It."].      One  of  a  class  of  mercenary  military  travelers. 
Courier.     A  messenger  carrying  letters  or  despatches. 
Drayman.     A  man  who  attends  a  dray. 
Driver.     One  who  drives. 
Emigrant.     One  who  travels  from  his  home-country  to  settle  in 

another. 
Engine-driver.  \  ^        , 
Engineer  J         e  w"°  manages  an  engine. 

Equestrian.     A  traveler  on  horseback. 

Excursionist.     One  who  travels  on  an  excursion. 

Explorer.     One  who  travels  for  discovery. 

Fireman.     A  man  who  tends  the  fires  of  a  steam-engine. 

Foot-passenger.     One  who  travels  on  foot. 

Foundling.     A  child  found  without  parent  or  owner. 

Fugitive.     One  who  travels  from  danger. 

Gadabout.     One  who  travels  about  without  business. 

Gadling.     An  idle  gadabout. 

Gipsy.     One  of  a  wandering  Hindu  race  supposed  to  be  Egyptians. 

Guard.     One  who  has  charge  of  a  railway  train. 

Hadji.  A  Mussulman  who  has  traveled  on  the  sacred  pilgrimage  to 
Mecca. 

Horseman.     One  who  rides  on  horseback. 

Iris.     In  Greek  divinity,  themessenger  of  the  gods. 

Itinerant.     One  who  travels  from  place  to  place. 

Jehu.     One  who  drives  furiously.     [Bible.] 

Jockey.     A  professional  rider  of  horses  in  races. 

Landloper.  One  without  a  home,  who  travels  from  one  part  of  the 
land  to  the  other. 

Loafer.     An  idle  lounger. 

Mercury.     The  messenger  of  the  gods ;  the  god  of  merchants. 

Mountaineer.     A  mountain-dweller  or  traveler. 

Nomad.  One  of  a  race  of  people  with  no  fixed  abode  who  travel  con- 
tinually attending  their  flocks. 

Palmer.     A  traveling  pilgrim  to  holy  places. 

Passenger.     A  wayfarer;  a  traveler. 

Pedestrian.     A  traveler  on  foot. 

Peregrinator.     A  traveler  into  foreign  countries. 

Peripatetic.  A  follower  of  Aristotle,  who  taught  his  philosophy  while 
walking  about. 

Pilgrim.  A  traveler,  especially  from  his  own  country  to  some  holy 
place. 

Post-boy.     One  who  rides  post-horses. 

Postillion.     One  who  rides  the  first  pair  of  horses  of  a  coach. 

Rambler.     A  wayfarer;  a  rover. 

Refugee.     One  who  flees  for  safety. 

Rider.     One  who  rides;  a  horseman. 

Rough-rider.     A  daring  rider;  one  who  breaks  horses. 

Rover.     A  wayfarer;  a  wanderer  about. 

Runner.     One  who  runs. 

Scattering.     A  vagabond. 

Somnambulist.     One  who  walks  in  his  sleep. 

Stoker.     A  fireman. 


Balloonist.     One  who  navigates  the  air  in  a  balloon. 

Bargee.     One  of  the  crew  of  a  barge. 

Bargeman.     The  manager  of  a  barge. 

Bluejacket.     A  sailor,  from  the  color  of  his  jacket. 

Boatman.     One  who  manages  a  boat. 

Boatswain.     A  ship  officer  of  the  lower  rank. 

Cockswain.     The  one  who  steers  a  boat,  or  who  has  charge  of  it  under 

an  officer. 
Coxwain.     Cockswain. 

Crew.     The  company  of  seamen  who  man  a  ship. 
Ferryman.     One  in  charge  of  a  ferry. 
Gondolier.     The  rower  of  a  gondola. 
Icarus.     A  legendary  Greek  character  who  flew  through  the  air  on 

wings  fastened  with  wax  until,  coming  t»o  near  the  sun,  they 

melted,  and  he  fell  into  the  Icarian  sea  and  was  drowned. 
Jack  tar.     A  sailor,  so  called  from  his  tarred  hands  and  clothes. 
Jolly.     A  sailor's  nickname. 

Lighterman.     One  who  manages  a  lighter,  a  large  open  barge. 
Longshoreman.     A  laborer  employed  along  the  shore  in  loading  and 

unloading  vessels. 
Man-of-war's  man.     A  sailor  employed  on  a  man-of-war. 
Marine.     A  soldier  serving  on  board  ships  in  naval  engagements 
Mariner.     A  seaman  or  sailor. 

Midshipman.}  A  petty  officer  in  the  navy' 
Navigator.     A  sailor. 

Oar'  ma      1  *^ne  w^°  rows  with  an  oar. 

Pilot.     A  steersman  of  a  ship. 

Rower.     One  who  rows  or  manages  an  oar 

Sailor.     A  mariner;  a  seaman. 

Seafarer.  ^ 

Seafaring  man.  >  A  man  following  the  business  of  a  seaman. 

Seaman.  J 

Shipman.     A  sailor. 

Skipper.     A  sea-captain. 

Steersman.     One  who  directs  the  course  of  a  ihip 

Tar.     A  sobriquet  of  a  sailor. 

Waterman.     One  who  manages  water-craft. 


WAYFARER— Continued 

Straggler.     A  wandering  traveler;  a  vagabond. 
Tourist.     One  who  travels  for  pleasure. 
Trainer.     Oie  who  trains  another,  as  for  a  race. 

_  |  A  wandering  beggar;  a  vagabond. 

Traveler.     One  who  journeys  from  place  to  place;  a  wayfarer. 

Vagabond.     An  idle  wayfarer. 

Vagrant.     A  vagabond;  a  tramp. 

Vetturino  [It.].     One  who  drives  an  Italian  four-wheeled  carriage. 

Voiturier  [F.].     A  carriage-driver. 

Voyager.     One  who  travels  over  water. 

Wagoner.     One  who  drives  a  wagon. 

Waifs  and  estrays.     Wanderers;  castaways. 

Walker.     One  who  travels  by  walking. 

Wanderer.     A  roving  traveler. 

Wandering  Jew.     A  legendary  character  who  struck  Christ  on  His 

way  to  the  cross  and  was  condemned  by  Him  to  wander  about  the 

earth  until  His  second  coming. 
Wastrel.     A  wandering,  neglected  child. 
Wayfarer.     A  traveler;  a  passenger. 
Whip.     A  coachman. 
Zingaro.     A  Gipsy. 


way'-far"-ing.   Traveling.    Traveling-Navigation. 

way"-lay'.  To  attack  or  rob.  Craft-Artlessness, 
Truthfulness-Fraud. 

way'-less.    Pathless.    Aperture-Closure. 

ways.  Manner.  Conduct;  in  all  manner  of  ways,  Aim- 
Aberration;  ways  and  means,  Means.  Money. 

way'-wode.    A  liege  prince.    Chief-Underling. 

way'-worn.  Fatigued  by  travel.  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion, Weariness-Refreshment. 

weak.  Feeble;  infirm.  Compassion-Ruthlessness, 
Consequence  -  Insignificance,  Determination- 
Vacillation, Force-Weakness,  Ratiocination-In- 
stinct, Rule-License,   Sagacity-Incapacity,   Sa- 


vor-Tastelessness,  Strength-Weakness,  Virtub- 
Vice,  Water-Air;  expose  one's  weak  point,  Proof- 
Disproof;  weak  point,  Faultlessness-Faultiness, 
Ratiocination-Instinct;  weak  side,  Sagacity-Inca- 
pacity, Virtue- Vice. 

weak'-en.  To  enfeeble.  Evidence-Counterevidence, 
Increase-Decrease,  Might-Impotence,  Strength- 
Weakness,  Turbulence-Calmness. 

weak'-er  ves'-sel.    Woman.    Male-Female. 

weak-head'-ed.    Dull.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

weak-heart'-ed.    Timorous.    Bravery-Cowardice. 

weak'-ling.    Feeble  person.    Strength- Weakness. 

weak'-ly.    Sickly.    Strength- Weakness. 


WEAKNESS. 


1163 


WEAPON. 


ffeak'-ness.  Feebleness.  Determination-Vacilla- 
tion, Strength-Weakness,  Virtue-Vice;  weakness 
of  the  flesh,  Virtue-Vice. 

weal.  Welfare.  Good-Evil  ;  common  weal,  Good- 
Evil,  Humanity,  Usefulness-Uselessness. 

weald.    A  forest.    Fauna-Flora. 

wealth.  Property,  Affluence-Penury,  Gain-Loss, 
Money,  Property. 

wealth'-y.    Rich.    Affluence-Penury. 

wean.  To  change  or  detach.  Faith  -  Misgiving, 
Habit-Desuetude;  wean  from,  Motive-Dehorta- 
tion;  wean  one's  thoughts  from,  Remembrance- 
Forgetfulness. 

wean'-ling.    A  child  newly  weaned.    Infant-Veteran. 

weap'-on.    An  instrument  for  fighting.    Weapon. 

WEAPON. 

Adaga.     An  Asiatic  parrying- weapon. 

Air-gun  A  gun  in  which  the  elastic  force  of  condensed  air  is  used  to 
discharge  the  ball. 

Ammunition.     Articles  used  in  charging  firearms. 

Apparatus  belli  [L.j).     Materials  of  war. 

Arm.     A  weapon  of  offense  or  defense. 

Armament.  All  the  cannon  and  small  arms  of  a  fortification  collec- 
tively. 

Armature.  Whatever  is  worn  or  used  for  the  protection  and  defense 
of  the  body. 

Armor.  Any  covering  worn  to  protect  one's  person  in  battle.  See 
Attack-Defense 

Armory.  A  place  where  arms  and  instruments  of  war  are  kept.  See 
Store 

Arms.     Instruments  or  weapons  of  offense  or  defense. 

Armstrong  gun.  A  wrought-iron  breech -loading  cannon;  invented 
by  Sir  William  Armstrong. 

Arquebuse  [G.J.     A  sort  of  hand-gui  having  a  primitive  trigger. 

Arrow.     A  weapon  to  be  shot  from  a  bow. 

Artillery.     Implements  for  warfare ;  heavy  cannon. 

Assagai      I  ^  light  spear  used  by  South-African  tribes. 

Ataghan.  I  A  long  knife,  or  short  saber;  used  by  Mohammedan  na- 

AttaghanJ       tions. 

Ax.     A  weapon  with  a  steel  edge  or  blade. 

Back-plate.     An  armorial  plate  on  the  back. 

Ball.  A  solid  projectile  of  lead  or  iron  to  be  discharged  from  a  fire- 
arm. 

Ball-cartridge.  A  cartridge  containing  a  ball,  as  distinguished  from  a 
•       blank  which  contains  only  powder. 

Ballister.     A  crossbow. 

Ballistics.  The  art  of  hurling  stones  or  missile  weapons  with  an  en- 
gine.    See  Push. 

Bar-shot.  A  double-headed  shot,  consisting  of  a  bar  with  a  ball  at 
each  end. 

Baselard.     A  dagger  or  short  sword. 

Basilisk.     An  old-fashioned  cannon. 

Bat.     A  club  used  for  offense  or  defense. 

Battering-ram.  An  engine  used  in  ancient  times  to  beat  down  the 
walls  of  besieged  places. 

Battering-train.     A  train  of  artillery  for  siege  operations. 

Battery.     Two  or  more  pieces  of  artillery  in  the  field. 

Battle-ax.     A  kind  of  broadax  formerly  used  as  an  offensive  weapon. 

Bayonet.  A  pointed  instrument  of  the  dagger  kind  fitted  on  the  end 
of  a  musket  or  rifle. 

Bilbo.  A  long  bar  or  bolt  of  iron  with  sliding  shackles,  and  a  lock  at 
the  end  to  confine  the  feet  of  prisoners. 

Bill.     An  ancient  weapon  consisting  of  a  liook-shaped  blade  on  a  staff. 

Billy.     A  policeman's  club. 

Blade.     The  flat,  cutting  part  of  an  edged  weapon. 

Bluilgeon.     A  short  club,  used  as  a  weapon. 

Blunderbuss.  A  short  muzzle -loading  gun  with  large  bore  and  flar- 
inp  mouth. 

5olo.     A  sword-like  knife  used  by  Filipinos 

Bolt.     A  shaft  or  missile  shot  from  a  crossbow  or  catapult. 

Bomb.     A  hollow  projectile  of  iron  containing  an  explosive  material. 

Boomerang.  A  curved  wooden  missile  having  the  quality  of  return- 
ing to  the  thrower. 

Boucke  a  feu  [F.J.     A  cannon. 

Boat.     An  elastic  weapon,  used  to  discharge  an  arrow. 

Bowie-knife.  A  hunting-knife  having  a  curved  edge,  a  two-edged 
point  and  thick  back,  a  hilt,  cross-piece,  and  sheath. 

Brand.     A  sword,  so  called  from  its  flashing  brightness. 

Brtecb  loader.     A  firearm  in  which  the  load  is  inserted  at  the  breech. 


Brickbat.     A  piece  of  a  brick. 

Broadsword.     A  sword  with  a  broad  cutting  blade  and  obtuse  point. 

Brown-bess.     An  old  flint-lock  musket. 

Bullet.     A  small  projectile  discharged  from  a  firearm. 

Caliver.     An  early  form  of  hand-gun. 

Cane.     A  walking-stick. 

Canister-shot.  A  shot  for  cannon,  in  which  a  number  of  lead  or  iron 
balls  are  enclosed  in  a  case  fitting  the  gun. 

Cannon.     A  firearm  for  discharging  heavy  shot  with  great  force. 

Cannon-shot.     A  shot  used  in  cannon. 

Carbine.     A  short  light  musket  or  rifle. 

Carcass.  A  hollow  case  or  shell,  filled  with  combustibles,  to  be 
thrown  from  a  mortar. 

Carronade.  A  kind  of  short  cannon  .used  more  for  breaking  or  smash- 
ing than  piercing. 

Cartouche  [F.].  A  roll  or  case  of  paper  holding  a  charge  for  a  fire- 
arm. 

Cartridge.     A  complete  charge  for  a  firearm. 

Catapult.     An  engine  for  throwing  stones,  arrows,  spears,  etc. 

Chain-shot.     Two  cannon-balls  united  by  a  short  chain. 

Chassepot  [F.].     A  kind  of  breech-loading,  center-firing  rifle. 

Cimeter.  A  saber  with  a  much-curved  blade  having  the  edge  on  th« 
convex  side. 

Claymore.     A  heavy  two-handed  and  double-edged  broadsword. 

Club.     A  stout  stick  or  staff. 

Cold  steel.     An  instrument  of  steel. 

Congreve.     A  kind  of  lucifer  match. 

Congreve  rocket.  A  weapon  by  which  balls  and  combustibles  ar* 
discharged  to  a  great  distance. 

Creese.     A  Malayan  dagger  or  short  sword. 

Crossbow.  A  weapon  used  in  discharging  arrows,  formed  by  placing 
a  bow  crosswise  on  a  stock. 

Cudgel.     A  short  thick  stick  used  as  a  club. 

Culverin.     A  long  cannon  of  the  16th  century. 

Cutlass.     A  short  heavy  sword-like  weapon. 

Dagger.     A  short,  edged  and  pointed  weapon,  for  stabbing. 

Dart.     A  pointed  missile  weapon. 

Deadly  weapon.     A  weapon,  the  wound  of  which  causes  death. 

Dirk.     A  dagger  or  poniard. 

Djerrid.     A  blunt  javelin  used  in  military  games  in  Moslem  countries 

Dudgeon.     A  dagger  with  a  hilt  of  box-tree  wood. 

Enfield  rifle.     A  British  rifle,  named  after  its  inventor. 

Falchion.     A  sword  with  a  broad  and  slightly  curved  blade. 

Falconet.     A  small  cannon  of  the  16th  century. 

Ferrara.  A  sword  bearing  the  mark  of  one  of  the  Ferrara  family  of 
Italy, 

Field-piece.     A  cannon  mounted  on  wheels. 

firearms.  A  gun,  pistol,  or  any  weapon  from  which  a  shot  is  dis- 
charged by  the  force  of  an  explosive. 

Fire-ball.     A  ball  filled  with  powder  or  other  combustibles. 

Firelock.  An  old  form  of  gun  in  which  the  priming  was  ignited  by  a 
spark. 

Flobert.     A  small  rifle  designed  for  target-shooting. 

Foil.  A  slender  and  pliable  sword  with  a  button  on  the  end.  used  in 
fencing. 

Fowling-piece.     A  light  smooth-bore  shot  gun  used  for  bird-shooting. 

Fusil  [F.].     A  musket. 

Gaff.     A  pointed  iron  hook  at  the  end  of  a  pole. 

Gatling  gun.  A  machine  gun,  consisting  of  a  cluster  of  barrel! 
revolved  by  a  crank,  which  fires  automatically. 

Gisarm.  A  weapon  with  a  scythe-shaped  blade,  mounted  on  a  long 
staff. 

Glaive.     A  weapon  like  a  hook  fastened  to  the  end  of  a  pole. 

Glave.     Glaive. 

Good  sword.     A  figurative  expression  for  a  sword. 

Crane  "shot  I  ^  cluster  °f  cast-iron  shot  to  be  shot  from  a  cannon. 

Grenade.     An  explosive  shell,  intended  to  be  thrown  by  hand. 

Gun.     A  metal  tube  for  firing  projectiles  by  the  force  of  an  explosive. 

Gun-cotton.     An  explosive  made  of  the  salt  of  nitric  acid. 

Gun-flint.  A  piece  of  flint  fitted  to  the  hammer  on  a  flint-lock  mus- 
ket. 

Gun-lock.     Mechanism  by  which  the  charge  in  a  gun  is  fired. 

Gunnery.     The  practise  of  using  artillery. 

Gun  of  position.  A  heavy  field-piece  not  designed  to  execute  quick 
movements. 

Gunpowder.  An  explosive  made  of  a  mixture  of  niter,  charcoal  and 
sulfur. 

Haguebut.     An  old  harquebus. 

Halberd.  A  weapon  in  the  form  of  a  battle-ax  and  pike  at  the  end 
of  a  long  staff. 

Handstaff .     A  stick  carried  in  the  hand  for  defense. 

Hanger.     A  short  cut-and -thrust  sword. 

Harpoon.  A  missile  weapon,  consisting  of  a  barbed  .iead  and  • 
shank. 


WEAPON, 


1164 


WEAR. 


Haiquebus.     A  firearm,  the  predecessor  of  the  musket. 

Heavy  gun.     A  cannon. 

Howitzer.  A  short  light  cannon  for  throwing  shells  at  a  low  eleva- 
tion. 

Infernal  machine.  A  machine  or  apparatus  maliciously  designed  to 
explode,  and  destroy  life  and  property. 

Javelin.     A  short,  light  spear,  used  as  a  missile  weapon. 

Jingal.      A  small  portable  piece  of  ordnance  mounted  on  a  swivel. 

Krag-Jorgensen  rifle.     A  22-calibre  magazine  army  gun. 

Knuckle-duster.  An  iron  instrument  to  cover  the  knuckles  when 
striking  a  blow. 

Kris.     A  Malay  dagger. 

Krupp  gun.  A  wrought  steel  breech -loading  cannon:  named  after 
its  inventor,  Herr  Krupp. 

Lancaster  gun.     A  rifled  cannon,  named  after  its  inventor. 

Lance.     A  long  shaft  with  a  spear  head,  used  as  a  thrusting  weapon. 

Langrage  shot.     An  old  form  of  canister-shot. 

Langrel  shot.  A  shot  formerly  used  at  sea  for  tearing  sails  and  rin- 
ging. 

Lee  rifle.     A  style  of  gun  used  in  the  English  army. 

Life-preserver.     An  apparatus  to  save  one  from  drowning. 

Lochaber  ax.     An  ax  formerly  used  by  the  Scottish  Highlanders. 

Lyddite  (from  Lydd,  England).  A  powerful  explosive  made  by 
boiling  carbolic  acid  with  an  equal  quantity  of  oil  of  vitriol,  which, 
after  washing,  becomes  picric  acid;  when  this  composition 
unites  with  oxide  it  forms  lead  picrate,  forming  an  explosive. 

Mace.     A  medieval  steel  war-club. 

Machete.  A  Cuban  weapon,  resembling  a  com-knife;  also  for  cut- 
ting cane. 

Machine  gun.  A  mounted  breech -loading  gun  with  reservoir  for 
cartridges,  fired  by  turning  a  crank. 

Martini-Henry  rifle.  A  rifle  in  which  the  magazine  is  in  a  tube  par- 
allel with  and  either  beneath  or  above  the  barrel. 

Match-lock.     A  musket  fired  by  means  of  a  match. 

Maxim  gun.     A  mounted  magazine  gun  invented  by  Maxim. 

Melinite,      i  Same  as  lyddite. 

Peroxilene.) 

Minie  rifle.     A  rifle  invented  by  a  Frenchman  by  the  name  of  Minie. 

Missile.     A  weapon  to  be  thrown  or  discharged. 

Mitraille  [P.].     Shot  or  bits  of  iron  used  in  loading  cannon. 

Mitrailleur  [P.].     One  who  serves  a  mitrailleuse. 

Mitrailleuse  [F.].  A  breech -loading  machine  gun  consisting  of  a 
number  of  barrels  fitted  together,  so  arranged  that  they  can  be 
fired  simultaneously. 

Mortar.     A  short  heavy  gun  for  throwing  bombs  at  a  high  elevation. 

Musket.     A  kind  of  firearm  used  by  infantry. 

Musketoon.     A  short  musket. 

Musketry.     Small  guns  collectively. 

Muzzle-loader.  A  gun  that  receives  the  load  at  the  muzzle  instead  of 
the  breech. 

Naked  sword.     An  unsheathed  sword. 

Needle-gun.  A  firearm  loaded  at  the  breech  with  a  cartridge  which 
is  discharged  by  driving  a  slender  needle  into  it. 

Ordnance.  A  general  name  for  all  kinds  of  weapons  and  their  ap- 
pliances used  in  war. 

Ox-goad.     A  goad  for  driving  oxen. 

Paixhan  gun.  A  howitzer  for  the  horizontal  firing  of  heavy  shells: 
named  after  its  inventor,  General  Paixhan. 

Panoply.     A  full  set  of  armor. 

Park.     A  collective  body  of  siege  or  field  artillery. 

Parrot  gun.     A  large-bore  cannon ,  unrifled. 

Partizan.     A  pike  having  lateral  projections;  a  halberd. 

Pederero  [Sp.].     A  short  piece  of  chambered  ordnance. 

Petard.  A  conical  iron  case  filled  with  powder  and  fired  by  a  slow 
match. 

Petronel.     A  hand-cannon  of  the  1 5th  century. 

Piece.     A  firearm. 

Pike.  A  long  shaft  or  pole,  having  a  metal  point,  used  in  medieval 
warfare. 

Pistol.  A  short  firearm  having  a  stock  to  fit  the  hand  and  a  short 
barrel  or  barrels. 

Pistolet.     A  small  pistol. 

Poleax.     An  old  weapon  consisting  of  an  ax  set  on  a  pole. 

Poniard.     A  small  dagger  with  a  slender  triangular  or  square  blade. 

Powder.  An  explosive  substance  consisting  of  niter,  charcoal,  and 
sulfur. 

Powder  and  shot.     A  charge  for  a  gun. 

Priming.     A  little  powder  or  combustible  used  to  explode  powder. 

Proiectile.     A  bullet  fired  from  a  gun. 

Quarter-staff.  A  long  and  stout  staff  formerly  used  as  a  weapon ;  so 
called  because  in  holding  it  one  hand  was  placed  at  the  end  and  the 
other  between  the  middle  and  the  end. 

Rapier.     A  light,  long,  and  narrow  sword  for  thrusting. 

Reed.     An  arrow  or  javelin. 

Repeater.     A  firearm  discharged  many  times  m  quick  succession. 


Revolver.  A  firearm  having  a  revolvable  chambered  cylinder,  so  that 
it  may  be  fired  several  times  without  reloading. 

Rifle.  A  firearm  having  spiral  grooves  in  the  surface  of  the  bore  for 
imparting  rotation  to  the  projectile  and  increasing  the  accuracy  of 
the  weapon. 

Rifled  cannon.     A  cannon  bored  like  a  rifle. 

Rocket.  A  firework  that  ascends  by  the  reaction  of  combustion- 
gases. 

Round  shot.     A  solid  spherical  projectile  for  ordnance. 

Saber.     A  heavy  one-edged  sword  used  by  cavalry. 

Scimitar.     A  sword  of  extreme  curve. 

Shaft.     The  stock  of  a  weapon,  without  the  head. 

Shell.     A  hollow  metallic  projectile  filled  with  an  explosive. 

Shillalah.     A  stout  cudgel. 

Shot.  A  solid  ball  or  bullet  that  is  not  intended  to  fit  the  bore  of  « 
gun. 

Shrapnel.  A  shell  filled  with  bullets,  and  having  a  bursting-charge 
to  explode  it  at  any  given  point  in  its  flight. 

Side-arms.     Weapons  worn  at  the  side,  as  sword,  bayonet,  etc. 

Siege-train.     Artillery  adapted  for  attacking  fortified  places. 

Skean.  A  knife  or  short  dagger  used  among  the  Highlanders  of 
Scotland. 

Sling.     An  instrument  for  throwing  stones  or  other  missiles. 

Slug.     An  irregularly  shaped  piece  of  metal  used  as  a  bullet. 

Small  arms.  Muskets,  rifles,  pistols,  etc.,  in  distinction  from  can- 
non. 

Small  bore.     A  firearm  having  a  small  internal  cylindrical  cavity. 

Smoothbore.     A  firearm  whose  bore  is  without  spiral  grooves. 

Snider  rifle.      A  rifle  invented  by  Snider. 

Spear.     A  weapon  of  a  sharp- pointed  head  on  a  long  shaft. 

Spontoon.     A  half-pike  or  halberd. 

Staff.     A  stick  carried  in  the  hand  for  defense. 

Stand  of  arms.     A  complete  set  for  one  soldier. 

Steel.     Any  weapon  of  steel. 

Stick.     Any  long  and  comparatively  slender  piece  of  wood. 

Stiletto.     A  dagger  with  a  slender,  rounded,  and  pointed  blade. 

Stone.     Rock  discharged  from  a  catapult  or  crossbow. 

Stylet.     A  slender  pointed  instrument. 

Swivel.     A  small  piece  of  ordnance  turning  on  a  point. 

Sword.  An  offensive  weapon  having  a»long,  sharp-pointed  blade 
with  a  cutting  edge  or  edges. 

Sword  bayonet.     A  bayonet  which  can  be  used  as  a  sword. 

Sword  stick.     A  cane  sword. 

Tasset.  One  of  the  overlapping  metal  plates  used  in  an  armor  to  pro. 
tect  the  thighs. 

Ten-pounder.      A  cannon  which  discharges  a  ten-pound  ball. 

Thunderbolt.  Shot  resembling  thunder  in  its  suddenness  and  effec- 
tiveness. 

Toledo.     A  sword  made  at.  Toledo  in  Spain. 

Tomahawk.     A  war-hatchet  of  the  American  Indians. 

Torpedo.     A  shell  or  cartridge  to  be  exploded  by  electricity  or  by, 
stepping  on  it. 

Truncheon.     A  military  staff  of  command. 

Trusty  sword.     A  sword  as  a  reliance  in  combat. 

Tuck.     A  long,  narrow  sword. 

Verdun.     A  dueling-rapier  of  the  1 6th  century. 

Villanous  saltpeter.     Gunpowder.     [Shakespeare,  Henry  IV,  l,i,  3.] 

Waddie.     A  war-club. 

Weapon.  Anything  used  in  destroying,  defeating,  or  injuring  an 
enemy. 

Westley  Richards  rifle.     Kind  of  rifle. 

Whinyard.     A  sword  or  hanger. 

Whitworth  gun.  A  form  of  rifled  cannon  and  small  arms  used  in  the 
British  army. 

Wind-gun.     A  gun  whose  discharging  force  is  condensed  air. 

Yatachan.)  A  long  knife,  or  short  saber  common  among  Mohamme- 

Yataghan./      dan  people. 

Weapon — Phrases. 

En  flute  [F.].      With  guns  on  the  upper  deck  only. 

Nervos  belli  pecuniam  inftnitam  [L.].  The  sinews  of  war  [are]  uo- 
limited  money. 

weap'-on-less.        Without    a    weapon.       MiOht-Tmp  >- 

TENCE. 

wear.  To  decrease;  use;  to  deflect;  garments.  Aim- 
Aberration,  Dress-Undress,  Increase-Decrease, 
Use-Disuse;  wear  and  tear,  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration, Provision  -  Waste,  Toil- Relaxation; 
wear  away,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Discon- 
tinuance-Continuance; wear  off,  Discontinuance- 
Continuance,  Habit-Desuetude;  wear  on,  Period- 


WEAR. 


1105 


WEARINESS— REFRESHMENT. 


Progress;  wear  out,  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Wearine&s-Refreshment;  wear  the  breeches,  Rule- 
License. 


wear'-i-ness.  Ennui.  Desire-Repletion,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Pleasure- Pain,  Toil-Relaxation. 


WEARINESS— REFRESHMENT. 


AnheJation.     State  of  being  out  of  breath, 

Collapse.  Extreme  depression  of  vital  power*,  as  a  result  of  over- 
exertion. 

Deliquium.     Faintness. 

drowsiness .     Disposition  to  sleep. 

Exhaustion,  Fatigue,  so  that  further  exertion  for  the  time  is  im- 
possible. 

Fainting.     Sudden  loss  of  consciousness, 

Faintness.     Disposition  to  swoon. 

Fatigation.     Weariness. 

Fatigue.     Painful  lack  of  strength,  from  exertion. 

Lassitude.     Chronic  fatigue. 

Lipothymy.     A  fainting  fit. 

Prostration.     Great  depression. 

Shortness  of  breath.  Condition  of  the  lungs  when  exertion  makes 
respiration  hard. 

Sweat.     Matter  given  off  by  the  skin,  especially  during  exertion. 

Swoon.     Apparent  suspension  of  vital  functions  and  mental  powers. 

Syncope.     A  fainting  or  swooning. 

Tiredness.     Reduction  of  strength  by  exertion. 

Weariness.     Painful  lack  of  strength  from  continued  strain. 

Yawning.     Expressing  fatigue  by  opening  the  mouth. 

Weariness — Verbs. 

Be  fatigued.     To  be  very  weary. 

Blow.     To  breathe  hard  from  quick  movements. 

Droop.     To  lose  vigor  and  spirit. 

Drop.     To  become  faint. 

Exhaust.     To  cause  to  be  in  a  state  of  exhaustion. 

Faint.     To  swoon. 

Fatigue.     To  tire. 

Flag.      To  become  tired. 

Gasp.     To  breathe  convulsively,  as  from  exhaustion. 

Harass.     To  weary  with  annoyances. 

Irk.     Toweary:  used  impersonally.* 

Jade.     To  weary  with  repetition  of  same  thing. 

Knock  up.     To  utterly  exhaust. 

Lose  breath.)  Tq  ^  shortness  of  the  breath  from  exertion. 

Lose  wind.    ) 

Overburden.  1 

Overstrain.      | 

Overtask.        I  To  make  tired. 

Overtax 

Overwork,      j 

Pant.     To  breathe  in  short  labored  breaths. 

Prostrate      To  depress  greatly. 

Puff.     To  breathe  hard. 

Sink.     To  lose  strength  slowly. 

Strain.     To  injure  by  overexertion. 

Succumb.     To  become  prostrate. 

Swoon.     To  become  weak  and  lose  consciousness. 

Task.     To  overtax. 

Tax.     To  impose  a  severe  strain. 

Tire.     To  reduce  strength  by  exertion. 

Wear  out.     To  exhaust. 

Weary      To  fatigue  by  a  long-continued  strain. 

Yawn      To  open  the  mouth  as  an  expression  of  fatigue; 

Weariness — Adjectives. 

Altered.     Changed,  tired. 

Anhelose.     Short-breathed. 

Battered.     Worn  out. 

Blown.     Winded  from  overexertion. 

Breathless.     Panting. 

Broken- winded.     Having  disordered  respiration. 

Dog  weary.     Very  weary. 

Done  up.     Used  up. 

Drooping.     Having  little  vigor  left. 

Drowsy.     Disposed  to  sleep. 

Exhausted.     Unable  to  do  further  work  for  a  time: 

Faint.     Inclined  to  swoon. 

Fatigued.     Painfully  tired. 

Fatiguing.     Tiring. 

Footsore.      Having  sore  feet  from  walking. 

Haggard-     Gaunt  and  careworn. 

Hors  a*  wombat  fF.J.     Disabled. 

Irksome.     Annoying  from  long  continuance. 


Bait.     Refreshment  taken  on  a  journey. 

Bracing.     A  strengthening. 

Recovery  of  strength.     Refreshment. 

Refection.     Refreshment. 

Refocillation.     Restoration  of  strength  by  refreshment. 

Refreshment.     Renewal  of  strength. 

Regalement.     Refreshment  on  sumptuous  fare. 

Relief.     Freedom  from  duty  or  care. 

Repair.     Recovery  of  strength. 

Restoration.     Bringing  back  to  normal  condition. 

Revival.     Restoration  of  one  for  a  time  lifeless. 

Refreshment — Verbs. 

Air.     To  refresh. 

Brace.     To  restore  tone  or  vigor. 

Breathe.     To  pause  for  breath. 

Come  to  oneself.     To  revive. 

Draw  breath.     To  pause  to  breathe. 

Fan.     To  cool  by  stirring  up  currents  of  air. 

Feel  like  a  giant  refreshed.     To  feel  the  very  best. 

Freshen  up.     To  become  vigorous. 

Gather  breath.     To  pause  to  breathe. 

Get  better.     Improve  in  health. 

Pick  up.     Become  sprightly. 

To  raise  one's  head.     To  recover  from  exhaustion. 

Recover  breath.     To  become  rested. 

Recover  strength.     To  become  strong  again. 

Recruit.     Recover  strength. 

Refocillate.     Restore  by  refreshment. 

Refresh.     To  renew  the  strength. 

Regain  breath.     To  pause  to  breathe. 

Regain  strength.    To  grow  strong  again. 

Reinvigorate.     To  renew  the  vigor. 

Renew  strength.     To  become  stronger. 

Repair.     To  restore  to  sound  condition  that  which  was  damaged. 

Respire.     To  enjoy  rest. 

Take  a  long  breath.     Pause  a  short  while  to  breathe. 

Take  breath.     To  pause  to  breathe. 

Refreshment — Adjectives. 

Recuperated.     Restored  to  strength. 
Refreshed,  etc.     Recovered.     See  Verbs. 
Refreshing.     Strengthening. 


Untired.       \ 
Unwearied./ 


Not  worn  out. 


WEARINESS — Adjectives— Continued 

Knocked  up.     Greatly  fatigued. 

More  dead  than  alive.     Utterly  exhausted. 

On  one's  last  legs.     Almost  exhausted. 

Overtired.     Fatigued. 

Played  out.     Tired. 

Prostrate.     Weary,  thrown  down. 

Puffing  and  blowing.     Breathless. 

Pulled  down       In  poor  health  from  continued  strain; 

Ready  to  drop.     Too  weary  to  stand. 

Seedy.     Old  and  worn  out. 

Shattered.     Broken  in  health. 

Short-breathed.     Affected  with  anhelation. 

Short  of  breath.j  B       hle 

Short  of  wind.    ) 

Short-winded.     Affected  with  anhelation. 

Spent.     Exhausted. 

Surbated .     H  arassed. 

Tired  to  death.     Exhausted. 

Tiresome.     Causing  fatigue  from  its  regularity. 

Toilworn.     Haggard. 

Trying.     Hard  to  endure. 

Umestored1'}  Not  recovered  from  *****"*. 
Used  up.     Exhausted. 


WEARINESS. 


1166 


WELFARE— MISFORTUNE. 


WEARINESS— Adjectives— Continued. 


Walked  off  one's  legs.     Unable  to  walk  farther. 
Wayworn.     Wearied  by  traveling. 

Wearisome.     Causing  weariness  from  regularity  or  repetition. 
Weary.     Fatigued  by  a  long  strain. 

wear'-ing.  Wearisome.  Entertainment-Weariness; 
wearing  apparel,  Dress-Undress;  wearing  of  the 
green,  Patriotism-Treason. 

wear'-i-some.  Laborious;  fatiguing.  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness,  Toil-Relaxation,  Weariness- 
Refreshment. 

wear'-y.  Fatigued;  vexed.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness, Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Pleasure- 
Pain,  Weariness-Refreshment;  weary,  flat,  stale, 
and  unprofitable,  Wittiness-Dulness;  weary  waste, 
Gulf-Plain. 
wea'-sand.  Windpipe.  Aperture-Closure,  Water- 
course- Airpipe. 

wea'-sel  a-sleep'.  Catch  a  weasel  asleep,  Activity-In- 
dolence, Possibility-Impossibility. 

weath'-er.  Condition  of  the  atmosphere.  Water- Air; 
weather  permitting,  Modification,  Possibility-Im- 
possibility; weather  the  storm,  Escape,  Mutabil- 
ity-Stability, Renovation-Relapse,  Security- 
Insecurity,  Success-Failure. 

weath'-er-beat"-en.  Seasoned;  damaged.  Bet- 
terment -  Deterioration,  Strength  -  Weakness, 
Weariness-Refreshment. 

weath'-er-bound".  Detained  by  the  weather.  Re- 
lease-Restraint. 

weath'-er-cock".  A  weather-vane.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Mutability-Stability,  River-Wind,  Sign,  Water- 
Air. 

weath'-ered.    Seasoned.   Betterment-Deterioration. 

weath'-er-gage" .    Weather  indicator.    Water-Air. 

weath'-er-glass".   A  weather  indicator.   Water- Air. 

weath'-er-proof " .  Healthy;  secure.  Health-Sick- 
ness, Security-Insecurity. 

weath'-er-wise".  Predicting  weather.  Prevision, 
Water-Air. 

weave.  To  make;  to  interlace.  Creation  -  Destruc- 
tion, Crossing;  weave  a  tangled  web,  Difficulty- 
Facility. 

wea'-zen.    Shriveled.    Greatness-Littleness. 

web.     An  intersection;    texture.     Crossing,  Texture. 

wed.    To  marry.    Matrimony-Celibacy. 

wed'-ded.  Married.  Matrimony-Celibacy;  wedded 
pair,  Matrimony-Celibacy;  wedded  to,  Faith-Mis- 
giving, Habit-Desuetude,  Love-Hate;  wedded  to 
an  opinion,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Decision-Misjudg- 
ment. 

wed'-ding.    A  marriage.    Matrimony-Celibacy. 

wedge.  A  piece  of  wood ;  to  press.  Angularity,  In- 
strument, Sharpness  -  Bluntness,  Union-Dis- 
union; thin  edge  of  the  wedge,  Beginning-End, 
Craft-Artlessness,  Environment-Interposition  ; 
wedge  in,  Environment-Interposition. 

wedge'-shaped".    Like  a  wedge.    Angularity. 

wed'-lock.    Marriage.    Matrimony-Celibacy. 

Wednes'-day.  Fourth  day  of  the  week.  Periodicity- 
Irregularity. 

wee.    Little.    Greatness-Littleness. 

weed.  Toexclude;  toclean;  aplant;  tobacco.  Clean- 
ness -  Filthiness,     Consequence  -  Insignificance, 


Weatherbeaten.     Showing  exposure  to  the  weather. 
Windless.     Breathless. 
Worn.     Gaunt  and  spiritless. 
Worn  out.     Exhausted. 

Domestication-Agriculture,  Fauna-Flora,  In. 
clusion-Omission,  Multiplicity-Paucity,  Pun- 
gency; weed  out,  Admission-Expulsion,  Injection- 
Ejection. 

weeds.  Plants;  dress.  Dress-Undress,  Iubilation- 
Lamentation,  Matrimony-Divorce,  Usefulness- 
Uselessness. 

weed'-y.  Thin;  trifling.  Breadth-Narrowness.  Con- 
sequence-Insignificance. 

week.    Seven  days.    Measure,  Period-Progress. 

week'-ly.    Once  a  week.    Periodicity-Irregularity. 

ween.  To  think.  Decision-Misjudgment,  Faith-Mis- 
giving, Knowledge-Ignorance. 

weep.  To  lament.  Compassion-Ruthlessness,  Ju- 
bilation-Lamentation. 

weep'-ing.   Crying.    Jubilation-Lamentation. 

weet.  To  know.  Decision-Misjudgment,  Knowl- 
edge-Ignorance. 

weet'-less.    Thoughtless.    Knowledge-Ignorance. 

weft.    Warp  and  weft.    Texture. 

weigh.  To  ponder;  lift;  depress;  influence.  Domi- 
nance-Impotence, Elevation-Depression,  Heavi- 
ness-Lightness, Mind-Imbecility,  Spring-Dive; 
weigh  anchor,  Arrival-Departure;  weigh  care- 
fully, Differentiation-Indiscrimination;  weigh 
down,  Goodness-Badness.  Liberty-Subjection; 
weigh  heavy  on,  Goodness-Badness;  weigh  on  the 
heart,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  Pleasure- 
Pain;  weigh  on  the  mind,  Contentedness-Regret, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection,  Pleasurableness- 
Painfulness,  Sanguineness-Timidity;  weigh  with, 
Motive-Caprice. 

weigh'-bridge".  Platform  scales.  Heaviness-Light- 
ness. 

weigh'-ing.  Determining  weight.  Chemistry,  Heavi- 
ness-Lightness. 

weight.  Influence;  gravity;  importance.  Conse- 
quence -  Insignificance,  Dominance  -  Impotence, 
Heaviness-Lightness;  attach  weight  to,  Faith- 
Misgiving;  carry  weight,  Dominance-Impotence, 
Evidence-Counterevidbnce;  drag  weight,  Ob- 
struction-Help; have  weight,  Evidence-Counter- 
evidence;  throw  one's  weight  into  the  scale,  Domi- 
nance-Impotence. 

weight'-less.    Light.    Lightness-Heaviness. 

weight'-y.  Heavy;  important.  Dominance-Impo- 
tence,  Heaviness-Lightness. 

weir.  A  dam.  Obstruction-Help,  Watercourse- 
Airpipe. 

weird.  Unearthly;  a  spell.  Devotion-Charm,  Devo- 
tion-Magic, Jove-Fiend;  weird  sisters,  Devotion- 
Magician. 

wel'-come.  A  reception;  grateful.  Amity-Hostility, 
Arrival-  Departure,  Politeness -Impoliteness, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness,  Sociability- Pri- 
vacy. 

weld.  To  join.  Cohesion-Looseness,  Union-Dis- 
union. 

wel'-fare.    Prosperity.    Welfare-Misfortune. 


WELFARE— MISFORTUNE. 


Affluence.     An  abundant  supply.     See  Affluence 
Blessings.     Things  that  promote  one's  welfare. 
Godsend.     An  unexpected  stroke  of  good  fortune. 
Good  fortune.)  Prosperity  as  reached  partly  by  chance  and  partly- 
Good  luck.       )       by  effort. 
Luck      Prosperity  regarded  as  coming  by  chance. 


Accident.     An  unfortunate  occurrence  without  any  one's  direct  in- 
tention. 
Adverse  fortune.  *| 
Adverse  hap. 
Adverse  lot. 
Adverse  luck. 


A  calamity;  a  misfortune;  an  adversity. 


WELFARE. 


1167 


WELFARE— MISFORTUNE. 


WELFARE—  MISFORTUNE— Continued. 


Prosperity.     Successful  progress  in  any  business  or  enterprise. 
Run  of  luck.     A  continuance  of  good  fortune. 

Success.     Favorable    or    prosperous    termination    of    anything  at- 
tempted. 
Thrift.      Success  and  advance  in  the  acquisition  of  property. 
Welfare.     Enjoyment  of  the  blessings  of  life. 
Well-being.     Welfare;  prosperity. 

Welfare — Denotations. 
Enfant  gate  [F.].     A  spoiled  child. 
Lucky  dog.     A  fortunate  person. 

Made  man.     A  man  to  whom  success  has  come  by  labor. 
Mushroom.     One  who  rises  suddenly  from  a  low  condition  in  life. 
Parvenu.     A  man  newly  risen  into  notice. 
Skipjack.     An  upstart. 

Spoiled  child  of  fortune.     A  person  who  has  always  been  fortunate. 
Upstart.  One  who  has  risen  suddenly,  as  from  low  life  to  fortune  and 
honor. 

Welfare — Figurative  Nouns* 
Bed  of  roses.     A  life  of  ease  and  happiness. 
F^aT;,}  ^od  fortune. 
Fat  of  the  land.     Riches. 
Flood.     A  condition  of  prosperity. 

Halcyon  days.     Days  of  repose  and  happiness,  like  those  while  Hal- 

cyone  broods  her  young. 
High  tide.     A  favorable  condition  of  fortune. 
Loaves  and  fishes.     Wealth.     [Bible.] 
Milk  and  honey.     Riches.     [Bible.] 
Palmy  days.      Prosperous  days. 
Piping  times.     Times  of    peace,  characterized   by  the  music  of  the 

pipe  rather  than  of  the  drum  and  fife. 
Roaring  trade.     Success  in  business. 
Saturnian  age.     The  golden  age,  when  Saturn  ruled. 
Saturnia  regna  [L.J.     The  rule  of  Saturn. 
Smiles  of  fortune.     Good  luck. 
Sunshine.     Good  fortune. 
Tide.     Success. 

Welfare — Verbs. 

Bask  in  the  sunshine.     To  be  prosperous;  enjoy  life  under  benign  in- 
fluences. 
Bear  a  charmed  life.     To  be  lucky  and  fortunate  always. 
Bear  fruit.     To  be  of  advantage  to. 

Be  prosperous.     To  succeed  in  one's  objects.     See  Adjectives. 
Bloom.     To  be  in  a  state  of  freshness  and  beauty. 
Blossom.     To  flourish  and  prosper. 
Blow.     To  cause  to  bloom. 

Drive  a  roaring  trade.     To  conduct  a  profitable  business. 
Drop  into  a  good  thing.     To  fall  into  a  lucrative  position. 
Fall  on  one;s  feet,  j  Tq       .       favorable  situation. 
Fall  on  one's  legs  J 
Fatten.     To  make  fat;  become  rich. 
Feather  one's  nest.     To  marry  a  rich  woman. 
Flourish.     To  be  prosperous  or  thriving. 
Flower.     To  come  to  finest  condition. 
Fructify.     To  make  fruitful. 
Get  on  in  the  world.     To  be  fairly  prosperous. 
Go  on  smoothly.       "^ 

Go  on  swimmingly.  ?-To  be  favorable  and  successful. 
Go  on  well.  ) 

Have  a  fine  time  of  it.  \  ™,    ,     ,  c      .. 

tt  j  *•_       *  •*  [lobe  happy,      bee  Nouns. 

Have  a  good  time  of  it  J 

Have  a  run.  "| 

Have  a  run  of  fortune.  VTo  have  a  continuous  occurrence  of. 

Have  a  run  of  luck.      J 

Have  the  good  fortune.     To  obtain  one's  desire. 

Keep  oneself  afloat.  X  To  be  in  a  safe  condition  in  respect  to 

Keep  one's  head  above  water. >       finances. 

Lift  one's  head.     To  better  one's  condition  or  standing. 

Light  on  one*s  feet. \  «,   ,     .       ,  ,,  ,.,.. 

T  .   ,.  ,    .         f  To  be  in  a  favorable  condition. 

Light  on  one  s  legs.-) 

Live  in  clover.  )  —    .  ... 

Live  on  the  fat  of  the  land .  / 

Make  one's  fortune.)  ™  , 

,.  ,  ,  f  To  succeed. 

Make  one  s  way.       > 

Prosper.     To  make  successful;  be  successful. 

Raise  one's  head .     To  make  more  important  or  prominent. 

Rise  in  the  world.     To  increase  one's  fortune. 

Run  on  all  fours.   To  go  like  a  quadruped  on  all  four  feet; hence,  not 

to  be  crippled  or  embarassed  for  money  or  resources. 


Adversity.     A  condition  of  affliction,  of  hardship,  or  misery. 
Affliction.     The  act  of  afflicting;  dire  distress  of  body  or  mind.     See 

Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 
Backcast.     Anything  which  brings  misfortune  upon  one. 
Bad  fortune.  * 


Bad  hap. 
Bad  lot. 
Bad  luck. 
Bad  times. 
Blast. 


Misfortune ;   calamity. 


Times  of  misfortune. 


■  An  adverse,  unfortunate  condition. 


Misfortune. 


iffht  >  Anything  that  destroys  the  prospects  or  fortunes. 

Broken  fortune.     Shattered,  blasted  fortune. 

Calamity.  Something  causing  distress;  sudden  misfortune  often 
overwhelming. 

Care.     Trouble  caused  by  onerous  duties. 

Casualty.     A  fatal  accident. 

Catastrophe.     A  final  event,  generally  disastrous. 

Check.     A  condition  of  impeded  progress. 

Contretemps  [F.J.     An  untoward  accident. 

Cross.     An  affliction  or  misfortune  regarded  as  a  test. 

Curse.     Calamity  invoked. 

Hardship.     That  which  is  hard  to  bear;  an  adversity. 

Disaster.     A  sudden,  crushing  misfortune. 

Downfall.  A  sudden  descent  from  rank  or  state,  reputation  or  happi- 
ness. 

Evil.  Anything  that  lessens  the  happiness  of  an  individual;  that 
which  harms  or  injures.     See  Good-Evil. 

Evil  dispensation.     The  harmful  dealing  out,  as  by  a  higher  power. 

Extremity.     An  extreme  degree  of  pain,  or  suffering. 

Failure.     That  which  does  not  succeed.     See  Success-Failure. 

Fall.     Destruction,  downfall,  ruin. 

Falling.     Termination  of  greatness  or  power.     See  Verbs. 

Hard  case. 

Hard  fortune. 

Hard  hap. 

Hard  life. 

Hard  lines. 

Hard  lot. 

Hard  luck. 

Hardship.     That  which  is  hard  to  bear,  as  toil,  privation,  etc 

Hard  times.     Times  of  misfortune. 

Ill  fortune. 

Ill  hap 

111  lot. 

Ill  luck. 

Infliction.     Anything  inflicted;  a  punishment;  a  calamity. 

Load.     That  which  burdens  or  oppresses. 

Misadventure.     Mischance ;  misfortune. 

Mischance.     A  happening  that  is  bad  or  full  of  ill  luck. 

Misfortune.     Bad  fortune;  any  untoward,  adverse  event. 

Mishap.     Anything  that  happens  unluckily. 

Pressure.     Oppressive  weight  or  influence. 

Reverse.     A  partial  defeat ;  a  misfortune. 

Rub.     A  cause  of  uneasiness. 

Ruin.     Anything  that  defeats  the  accomplishment  of  a  given  object. 

Ruination.     The  act  of  ruining. 

Ruinousness.     Causing  ruin.     See  Adjectives. 

Sad  times.     Times  of  grief  and  sadness. 

Trial.     An  affliction  that  tries  a  man. 

Trouble.     Anything  that  disturbs  or  annoys. 

Undoing.     Bringing  into  poverty  or  disgrace  or  disaster. 

Visitation.     Retributive  calamity. 

Misfortune — Figurative  Nouns. 

Bitter  pill.  Something  offensive  or  harmful  which  must  be  accepted 
or  endured. 

tn     i    "i      j  r  An  indication  of  misfortune;  a  misfortune. 
Dark  cloud.  > 

Evil  day.     A  day  of  misfortune. 

Evil  genius.     An  evil  spirit  supposed  to  preside  over  a  man's  destiny 
Evil  star.     A  planet  supposed  to  influence  one's  destiny. 
Frowns  of  fortune.     Ill  fortune. 
Gathering  clouds.     Failure. 

Hell  upon  earth.     A  condition  of  great  mental  torment. 
Ill  wind.     Unfavorable  turn  of  affairs. 
Iron  age.     A  low  condition  of  fortune. 
Losing  game.     Misfortune. 
Peck  of  trouble.     A  great  trouble. 

Pressure  of  the  times.     Anything  that  puts  one  into  difficulty 
Rainy  day.     A  period  of  misfortune. 

Sea  of  trouble.  Troubles  resembling  the  sea  in  vastness.  [Shake- 
speare, Hamlet.} 


WELFARE 


1168 


WELL. 


WELFARE— MISFORTU  NE— Continued. 


WELFARE—  Verbs— Continued. 
££Z2niy.hogoonfavoraWy. 

Take  a  favorable  turn.     To  change  for  the  better. 
Thrive.     To  prosper  by  economy  and  care. 
Work  one's  way.     To  labor  and  overcome  difficulties. 
Welfare — Adjectives. 

Agreeable.     Pleasant  or  grateful  to  one.     See  Pleasurableness. 

At  one's  ease.     Without  trouble  or  anxiety. 

Auspicious.     Giving  promise  of  success  or  prosperity. 

Born  under  a  lucky  star.  1 1      ^ 

Born  with  a  silver  spoon  in  one's  mouth  J 

Buoyant.     Lighthearted;  cheerful. 

Coulettr  de  rose  [P.].     Rose-color;  with  beauty  and  attractiveness. 

Fortunate.     Receiving  some  unforeseen  good  or  blessings;  favored  of 

fortune. 
Halcyon.     Calm  and  peaceful,  as  the  sea  while  the  halcyon  broods. 
In  a  fair  way.     Having  good  prospects  of  success. 

In  hi  hf*  th*"  J  I*1*1*11  spirts;  having  plenty  of  money. 

In  good  case.     Well-circumstanced. 

In  luck.     Fortunate;  unexpectedly  successful. 

Lucky.     Favored  by  luck ;  meeting  with  success. 

Palmy.     Flourishing;  prosperous. 

Propitious.  Helping  to  success;  having  favoring  influence  or  ten- 
dency. 

Prosperous.  Successful  in  those  things  which  men  desire,  tending  to 
gain. 

Providential.     Effected  by  divine  direction. 

Rich.     Having  an  abundance  of  money.     See  Affluence. 

Set  up.     Raised  from  disaster  to  a  sufficient  fortune. 

Thriving.     Successful  through  economy  and  care.     See  Verbs. 

Well-off.  1 

W  ell-to-do.  >  Prosperous. 

Well-to-do  in  the  world.  I 

Welfare — Adverbs,  etc. 
As  good  luck  would  have  it.     Fortunately. 
Beyond  all  hope.     Successful  beyond  one's  expectations. 
Prosperously.     With  good  fortune. 
Swimmingly.     Fortunately. 

We  lf  a  re — Phrases. 
All  for  the  best. 

Chacun  fst  Vartisan  de  sa  fortune  [F.].     Every  man  is  the  architect 

of  his  own  fortune. 
Felicitas  multos  habet  amicos  [L.J.     Prosperity  has  many  friends. 
One's  course  runs  smooth. 
One's  star  in  the  ascendant. 


MISFORTUNE — Adverbs,  etc. — Continued  from  Column  a. 

If  the  worst  comes  to  worse.     Seemingly  hopeless. 
Out  of  the  frying-pan  into  the  fire.     From  bad  to  worse. 

Misfortune — Phrases. 

Amict  probantur  rebus  adversis  [L.].  Friends  are  tested  by  ad- 
versity. 

Bien  vengas,  mal,  si  vienes  solo  [Sp.].  You  are  welcome,  misfortune, 
if  you  come  alone. 

Fiel,  pero  desdichado  [Sp.].     Faithful  but  unfortunate. 

Gaudet  tentamine  virtus  [L.].     Virtue  rejoices  in  trial. 

Ingentes  stupent  euros  leves  loquntur  [L.].  Trivial  anxieties  talk, 
great  one  stand  mute. 

One's  doom  is  sealed. 

One's  luck  fails. 

One's  luck  turns. 

One's  star  is  on  the  wane. 

Tant  va  la  cruche  a  I'eau  qu'a  le  fin  elle  se  casse  [F.J.  The  water-jug 
holds  as  much  as  it  is  broken  off  from  the  top. 

The  game  is  up. 

The  ground  trembles  under  one's  feet. 

Ver  non  semper  virit  [L.J.     Spring  does  not  always  flourish. 


MISFORTUNE— Figurative  Nouns— Continued 

Slough  of  despond.     A  condition  of  despondency  and  wretchedness. 

[Bunyan,  Pilgrim  s  Progress.] 
The  sport  of  fortune.     Man  as  subject  to  all  the  changes  of  fortune. 
Times  out  of  joint.     Unfavorable  or  unsuccessful  times. 
Ups  and  downs  of  life.     Changes  of  fortune. 


Misfortune — Verbs. 
...      '  >  To  be  in  a  ruined  condition. 


Be  all  over  with.) 

Be  all  up  with. 

Be  ill  off.     To  be  badly  in  want. 

Bring  a  hornet's  nest  about  one's  ears.  "I  «,       ...  ,  . 

Bring  a  wasp's  nest  about  one's  ears,    i  To  get  mto  trouble' 

Bring  down  one's  gray  hairs  with  sorrow  to  the  grave.  [Genesis  42,  $&.] 

Come  to  grief.     To  meet  with  calamity  or  accident. 

Decay.     To  go  from  a  prosperous  to  a  disastrous  condition. 

Decline.     To  tend  to  a  less  perfect  state;  take  a  downward  direction 

Fall.     To  decline  in  wealth,  importance,  etc. 

Fall  from  one's  high  estate.     To  be  degraded  in  rank,  fortune,  etc. 

Fall  on  evil.     To  meet  with  misfortune. 

Fall  on  evil  days.     To  meet  with  evil  days. 

Go  down  hill.     To  be  in  a  bad  way. 

Go  down  in  the  world.     To  fall  into  misfortune. 

Go  hard  with.     To  result  disastrously  to. 

Go  on  ill.     To  continue  ill. 

Go  to  rack  and  ruin.     To  decay  completely. 

Go  to  the  dogs.     Go  to  ruin. 

Have  seen  better  days.     To  be  in  a  state  of  misfortune. 

Not  prosper.     To  fail.     See  Adjectives. 

Sink.     To  ruin;  destroy. 

Misfortune — Adjectives, 
Adverse.     Opposed;  antagonistic. 
Badly  off.      Unfortunate. 
Behindhand.     Behind  in  progress. 
Born  under  an  evil  star.  \  nnluckv 

Born  with  a  wooden  ladle  In  one's  mouth./  ™m 

Calamitous.     Full  of  calamity. 
Clouded.     Unfavorable. 
Decayed.     Declined  or  failed. 
Deplorable.     Lamentable. 
Devoted.     Doomed  to  evil. 
Dire.     Extremely  calamitous. 
Disastrous.     Causing  disaster. 
Down  in  the  world.     Unfortunate. 
Hapless.     Having  no  luck;  luckless. 
Ill-fated. 
Ill-off. 
Ill-omened. 
Ill-starred. 

Improsperous.     Not  prosperous. 
In  a  bad  way.  1 

In  adverse  circumstances. 
In  an  evil  plight. 
In  one's  utmost  need. 
In  trouble.  J 

Luckless.     Having  no  luck. 

On  its  last  legs.     On  the  point  of  ruin  or  disaster. 
On  the  road  to  ruin.     Failing. 

On  the  wane.     Decreasing  in  prosperity,  power,  etc. 
Out  of  luck.     Unfortunate. 

Planet-struck.     Affected  by  the  influence  of  the  planets;  moonstruck- 
Poor.     Without  money  or  resources.     See  Affluence-Penury. 
Ruinous.     Tending  to  ruin ;  calamitous. 
Unblest.     Not  blest;  accursed. 
Under  a  cloud.     Unfavorable. 
Undone.     Ruined ;  brought  to  grief. 
Unhappy.     Not  happy. 
Unfortunate.     Having  ill  fortune. 
Unlucky.     Not  lucky. 
Unprosperous.     Not  prosperous. 
Untoward.     Inconvenient;   unfortunate. 

Misfortune — Adverbs,  etc. 
As  ill  luck  would  have  it.     Unfortunately. 
From  bad  to  worse.     Failing. 

{Continued  on  Column  1 .) 


Unfortunate;  calamitous. 


Unfortunate;  having  ill  fortune. 


wel'-kin.    The  sky.    Universe,  Water-Air. 
well.     A  cistern;    good;  healthy;  to  flow.     Approval- 
Disapproval,     Assent  -  Dissent,     Cause  -  Effect, 


Deepness-Shallowness,  Entrance-Exit,  Good- 
Evil,  Gulf-Plain,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Provi- 
sion-Waste,  Remedy-Bane,    River-Wind,   Skill- 


WELL. 


1169 


WHAT. 


Unskilfulness,  Usefulness-Uselessness;  act 
well,  Virtue- Vice;  all's  well,  Security-Insecurity; 
drop  a  bucket  into  an  empty  well,  Usefulness-Use- 
lessness; get  well,  Renovation-Relapse;  get  on 
well,  Welfare-Misfortune;  let  well  alone,  Actio.n- 
Passiveness,  Push-Pull;  think  well  of,  Approval- 
Disapproval;  treat  well,  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence: turn  out  well,  Success-Failure;  well  and 
good,  Assent-Dissent,  Consent,  Contentedness- 
Discontentment;  well  done,  Approval- Disap- 
proval; well  enough,  Faultlessness-Faultiness, 
Magnitude-Smallness;  well  out,  Entrance-Exit; 
well  over,  Excess- Lack;  well  up  in,  Skili.-Ukskil- 
fulness;  well  with,  Amity-Hostility;  work  well, 
Success-Failure. 

well'-a-day.  Grief;  wonder.  Astonishment-Expect- 
ance, Jubilation-Lamentation. 

well' -ad- vised" .    Prudent.    Sagacity-Incapacity. 

well'-af-fect"-ed.    Kindly  disposed.    Amity-Hostility. 

well'-a-way.    Alas.    Jubilation-Lamentation. 

well'-be-haved" .  Mannerly.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness, SOCIETY-LUDICROUSNESS. 

well'-be"-lng.  Prosperity;  happiness.  Pleasure- 
Pain,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

well'-be-loved".    Dear.    Love-Hate. 

well'-born''.  Of  good  lineage.  Gentility-Commonalty. 

well' -bred".    Courteous.    Society-Ludicrousness. 

well'-com-posed".    Beautiful.    Beauty-Ugliness. 

well'-de-fined" .  Visible;  exact;  determined.  Prede- 
termination-Impulse, Truth-Error,  Visibility- 
Invisibility. 

wall'-de- vised" .  Shrewdly  planned.  Predetermina- 
tion-Impulse. 

well'-dis-posed".    Inclined.    Obstruction-Help. 

well'-do"-ing.    Virtue.    Virtue-Vice. 

well'-drawn" .    Graphic.    Account. 

well'-ed"-u-ca"-ted.  Learned.  Knowledge -Igno- 
rance. 

well'-fa"-  'ored.    Comely.    Beauty-Ugliness. 

well' -formed.    Shapely.    Beauty-Ugliness. 

well'-fed.    Sleek.    Greatness-Littleness. 

well'-found"-ed.  Certain;  probable.  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Entity-Nonentity,  Likelihood-Unlikeli- 
hood; well-founded  belief ,  Faitii-Misgivino,  Truth- 
Error. 

weU'-ground"-ed.  Informed;  probable.  Entity-Non- 
entity, Knowledge-Ignorance,  Likelihood-Un- 
likelihood, Truth-Error. 

well'-grouped" .  Arranged  in  a  good  manner.  Beauty- 
Ugliness. 

well'-in-f ormed" .  Educated.  Knowledge  -  Igno- 
rance. 

Well'-ing-ton.   A  style  of  boot.    Dress-Undress. 

well'-in-ten"-tioned.  Kind;  virtuous.  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence, Virtue-Vice. 

well'-judged".  Skilfully  adapted.  Sagacity-Incapac- 
ity. 

well'-knit".    Strong.    Might-Impotence. 

well'-known" .  Habitual;  commonplace.  Habit-Des- 
uetude, Knowledge-Ignorance. 

well' -laid".  Carefully  thought  out.  Predetermina- 
tion-Impulse. 

well'-made".    Beautiful.    Beauty-Ugliness. 

well'-man"-nered.  Courteous.  Politeness-Impolite- 
ness, Society-Ludicrousness. 

well'-marked".    Visible.    Visibility-Invisibility. 

well'-mean"-ing.  Kind.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence. 

well'-meant" .  Kind.    Charitableness-Malevolence. 

well'-met.    Greeting.    Politeness-Impoliteness. 

well'-na"-tured .  Friendly.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence. 

well'-nigh.      Almost:    near.      Magnitude-Smallness, 
Remoteness-Nearness 
74 


well'-off.  Prosperous;  rich.  Affluence-Penury, 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

well'-pro-por"-tioned.    Shapely.    Beauty-Ugliness 

well'-pro-vi"-ded.    Stored.    Enough. 

well'-reg"-u-la-ted.  Adjusted;  cautious.  Conven- 
tionality -  Unconventionality,  Recklessness- 
Caution,  Regularity-Irregularity. 

well'-set.   Stout.   Proportion  Deformity. 

well'-spent.  Successful;  virtuous.  Success-Failure, 
Virtue-Vice. 

well'-spo"-ken.     Genteel.    Society-Ludicrousness. 

well'-spring".    Source.    Store. 

well'  stocked".    Stored.    Enough. 

well'-ta"-sted.     Savory.     Palatableness-  Unpalata- 

BLENESS. 

well'-timed.      Opportune.     Opportuneness-  Unsuita- 

BLENESS. 

well'-to-do" .  Prosperous;  rich.  Affluence-Penury, 
Welfare-Misfortune. 

well'-turned  pe'-ri-ods.  Elegant  sentences.  Purity- 
Crudeness. 

well'-weighed" .  Pondered.  Predetermination-Im- 
pulse. 

well'-wish' '-er .    A  friend.    Friend-Foe. 

well'-wood"-ed.  Covered  with  forests.  Smoothness- 
Roughness. 

well'-worn".    Shoddy.    Use-Disuse. 

Wels'-bach  lamp.    Kind  of  gas-lamp.    Chemistry. 

welsh'-er.    A  swindler.    Robber.  Outlay-Income. 

welt.    Seam-covering.    Border. 

wel'-ter.  To  roll;  to  plunge.  Revolution-Evolu- 
tion, Spring-Dive;  welter  in  one's  blood,  Life- 
Killing. 

Weltgeschichle  ist  das  Weltgcricht,  die  [G.]  (velt"-ge- 
shin'-te  ist  das  velt"-ge-rint',  d5).  World-history  is 
a  world-tribunal.    Account,  Tribunal,  Universe. 

wem.    A  spot.    Embellishment-Disfigurement. 

wen.  A  protuberance.  Convexity-Concavity,  Em- 
bellishment-Disfigurement. 

wench.  A  girl;  a  woman;  a  prostitute.  Infant- Vet- 
eran, Male-Female,  Purity-Rake. 

wench'-ing.   Libertinism.    Purity-Impurity. 

wend.    To  walk.    Traveling-Navigation. 

were.     As  you  were,  Renovation-Relapse. 

wer'-gild".    Fine.    Recompense-Penalty. 

Wes'-ley-an.  A  follower  of  John  and  Charles  Wesley. 
Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

west.      A  direction.       Aim-Aberration,  Laterality- 

CONTRAPOSITION. 

west'-ern.     Pertaining  to  the  west.     Laterality-Con- 

TRAPOSITION. 

wet.  Moist.  Dampness-Dryness,  Water-Air;  just 
enough  to  wet  one's  feet,  Deepness-Shallowness; 
wet  blanket,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Light- 
heartedness  -  Dejection,  Motive  -  Dehortation, 
Obstruction-Help,  Wittiness-Dulness;  wet  one's 
whistle,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Teetotalism-In- 
temperance. 

whack.    To  strike.    Impetus-Reaction. 

whack'-ing.    Large.    Greatness-Littleness. 

whale.  An  animal.  Greatness-Littleness;  sprat  to 
catch  a  whale,  Skill-Unskilfulness;  tub  to  a  whale, 
Pretext,  Truthfulness-Fraud. 

whale'-bone.    A  substance.    Elasticity-Inelasticity. 

wha'-ler.    A  ship.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

whal'-lop.    To  flog.    Recompense-Punition. 

whap.    To  flop.    Impetus-Reaction. 

wharf.  A  pier.  Dweller-Habitation,  Market, 
Workshop. 

wharf'-age.    Wharf  rent.    Price-Discount. 

what.  An  expression  of  inquiry  or  surprise.  Astonish- 
ment-Expectance, Investigation-Answer;  and 
what  not,  Multiplicity-Paucity,  Uniformity-Mul- 
tiformity;    know  what's  what.  Differentiation- 


WHAT. 


1170 


WHISPLR. 


Indiscrimination,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness ;  what  d'  ye  call  'em,  Word-Neology; 
what  in  the  world,  Astonishment-Expectance,  Con- 
ventionality-Unconventionality;  what  is  the 
reason,  Investigation-Answer;  what  next,  Inquisi- 
tiveness-Indifference;  what  on  earth,  Astonish- 
ment-Expectance, Convention  ality-Unconven- 
tionality;  what's  his  name,  Word-Neology;  what 
signifies,  Consequence-Insignificance. 

what-ev'-er.  No  matter  what.  Universality-Par- 
ticularity; whatever  may  happen,  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Occurrence-Destiny. 

what"-so-ev'-er.    Whatever.    Gathering-Scattering. 

wheal.    A  ridge.    Convexity-Concavity. 

wheat.  A  cereal.  Domestication-Agriculture;  win- 
now the  chaff  from  the  wheat,  Choice-Neutral- 
ity 

whee'-dlt  To  coax;  to  flatter.  Adulation-Dispar- 
agement, Blandishment,  Motive-Caprice. 

whee'-dling.    Deceiving.    Adulation-Disparagement. 

wheel.  A  circle;  to  turn;  the  rack.  Advance-Retro- 
gression, Aim-Aberration,  Circle-Winding,  Cir- 
cuition,  Instrument,  Recompense -Reward, 
Revolution-Evolution;  break  on  the,  wheel,  Pleas- 
urableness-  Painfulness,  Recompense -Puni- 
tion,  Sensuality-Suffering;  get  the  wheel  out  of 
the  rut,  Rescue;  scotch  the  wheel,  Obstruction- 
Help;  wheel  about,  Aim-Aberration,  Reversal; 
wheel  and  axle,  Instrument  ;  wheel  around,  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Reversal;  wheel  of  fortune,  Mutability- 
Stability,  Rationale- Luck,  Volition -Obliga- 
tion. 

wheel'-bar"-row.  A  conveyance.  Conveyance-Ves- 
sel. 

wheel'-chair.    A  conveyance.    Conveyance- Vessel. 

wheels  within  wheels.  Entangled;  machinery.  Instru- 
ment, Regularity-Irregularity. 

wheel'-work.    Machinery.    Instrument. 

wheel'- wright".    Wagon-maker.    Agent. 

wheeze.  To  blow;  to  hiss.  Resonance-Sibilation, 
River-Wind. 

wheez'-y.    Husky.    Resonance-Sibilation. 

whelm.    To  submerge.    Excess- Lack. 

whelp.  A  pup;  a  son;  a  rogue.  Fauna-Flora,  Good 
Man-Bad  Man,  Infant- Veteran. 

when  At  what  time.  Duration-Neverness,  Inves- 
tigation-Answer; in  the  time  when,  Duration- 
Nevernfss. 

whence.  Fiom  where;  wherefore.  Arrival-Depart- 
ure, InVestigation-Answer,  Ratiocination-In- 
stinct, Rationale-Luck. 

when-ev'-er.   At  whatever  time.   Time. 

wnen"-so-ev-er.     Whenever.    Time. 

where,  '.n  what  place.  Investigation-Answer,  Pres- 
ence-Absfnce;  where  ami,  Astonishment-Expect- 
ance. 

where'-a-bouts".  Situation;  near.  Remoteness- 
Nearness,  Situation. 

where-as'  Because;  when  in  truth.  Connection-In- 
dependence, Ratiocination-Instinct. 

where-by'.     By  which.     Instrumentality. 

where'-fore.  Because;  why.  Investigation-Answer, 
Motive -Caprice,  Ratiocination- Instinct,  Ra- 
tionale-Luck. 

where-in'.    In  which.    Outside-Inside. 

where'-ness.    Presence.     Presence-Absence. 

where"-up-on'.  After  which.  Duration-Neverness, 
Future-Past. 

wher-ev'-er.  Where.  Extension-District,  Exten- 
sion-Place. 

where-with'.    Means;  money.    Means,  Money. 

where"- with-al'.  That  which  is  necessary.  Means, 
Money. 

wher'-ret.   A  blow.    Pleasurableness- Painfulness. 


wher'-ry.    A  boat.    Conveyance-Vessel. 

whet.  To  sharpen;  to  excite;  a  dram.  Excitation 
Motive-Caprice,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Sharp. 
ness-Bluntness;  take  a  whet,  Teetotalism-In- 
temperance;  whet  the  appetite,  Desire-Distaste; 
whet  the  knife,  Preparation-Nonpreparation. 

wheth'-er  or  not.    Choice-Neutrality 

whet'-stone" .  Stone  used  to  sharpen  tools.  Siiarp- 
ness-Bluntness. 

which.  At  which  time.  Time;  know  which  is  which, 
Differentiation-Indiscrimination. 

whiff.  A  gust.  Excitability-Inexcitability,  River- 
Wind. 

whif'-fle.   To  puff.    River-Wind. 

Whig.    Political  party.    Association. 

while.  When.  Duration-Neverness;  in  a  while, 
Earliness-  Lateness;  while  away  time,  Action-Pas- 
siveness,  Duration-Neverness,  Entertainment- 
Weariness;  while  speaking  of,  Connection-Inde- 
pendence, Opportuneness  -  Unsuitableness; 
worth  while,  Propriety-Impropriety. 

whi'-lom.  Formerly.   Future-Past. 

whilst.    While.    Duration-Neverness. 

whim.  A  fancy;  a  caprice.  Desire-Distaste,  Fancy, 
Persistence-Whim,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

whim'-per.    A  whine. '  Jubilation-Lamentation. 

whim'-si-cal.  Freakish.  Agitation,  Persistence- 
Whim,  Society-Ludicrousness,  Wittiness-Dul- 
ness. 

whim'-si-cal'-i-ty.   Frcakishness    Wittiness-Dulness. 

whim'-sy.    A  whim.    Desire-Distaste,  Fancy. 

whim'-wham.  A  whim;  a  toy.  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance, Persistence-Whim. 

whin.   Furze.    Fauna-Flora. 

whine.  To  cry;  to  complain.  Cry-Ululation,  Jubila- 
tion-Lamentation. 

whin'-yard.   A  weapon.    Weapon. 

whip.  To  flog;  to  strike;  to  urge;  a  director;  a  coach- 
man; to  agitate.  Agitation,  Exculpation-Puni- 
tion,  Hurry-Leisure,  Impetus-Reaction,  Mana- 
ger, Motive-Caprice,  Recompense-Scourge,  Va- 
riance-Accord, Wayfarer-Seafarer;  whip  and 
spur,  Swiftness-Slowness;  whip  away,  Arrival- 
Departure;  whip-hand,  Rule-License,  Success- 
Failure;  whip  in,  Injection-Ejection;  whip  off, 
Arrival-Departure;  whip  on,  Hurry-Leisure; 
whip  up,  Taking-Restitution. 

whip'-cord".    A  strong  cord.    Lamina-Fiber. 

whip'-per-in".    A  manager.    Manager. 

whip'-per-snap"-per.    A  whipster.    Infant- Veteran. 

whip'-ping'-post  .  A  post  for  whipping  culprits.  Rec- 
ompense-Scourge. 

whip'-ster.    A  shallow  fellow.    Infant-Veteran. 

whir.  To  whirl ;  to  buzz.  Crash-Drumming,  Revolu- 
tion-Evolution. 

whirl.    To  rotate.    Revolution-Evolution. 

whirl'-i-gig.    A  toy.    Revolution-Evolution. 

whirl'-pool.  A  revolving  vortex;  a  commotion.  Agi- 
tation, Revolution-Evolution,  River-Wind. 

whirl'-wind.  A  vortex  of  wind;  disorder.  Agitation, 
Regularity-Irregularity,  River-Wind;  reap  the 
whirlwind,  Cause-Effect,  Success-Failure;  ride 
the  whirlwind,  Determination- Vacillation,  Rule- 
License. 

whisk.  To  move;  to  flourish;  to  mix.  Agitation, 
Circuition,  Swiftness-Slowness. 

whisk'-er.    Beard.    Smoothness-Roughness. 

whisk'-et.    A  basket.    Contents-Receiver. 

whis'-ky.    A  spirituous  liquor.    Liquid-Gas. 

whis'-per.  A  faint  sound;  to  tell.  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy,  Loudness-Faintness,  Manifestation- 
Latency,  Speech-In articulation;  stage  whisper, 
Vocalization  -  Muteness;  whisper  about,  En- 
lightenment -  Secrecy,    Exposure  -  Hidingplacb, 


WHISPER. 


1171 


WHITENESS— BLACKNESS. 


Publicity;  whisper  in  the  ear,  Vocalization-Mute- 
ness. 

whist.  Hush;  a  game.  Entertainment-Weariness, 
Sound-Silence. 

whis'-tle.  To  hiss;  to  pipe;  a  pipe.  Musical  Instru- 
ments, Musicain,  Resonance-Sibilation;  clean  as 
a  whistle,  Cleanness-Filth  in  ess,  Entirety-De- 
ficiency, Faultlessness-Faultiness;  pay  too 
dear  for  one's  whistle,  Costliness-Cheapness,  Pro- 
priety-Impropriety, Skill-Unskilfulness;  wet 
one's  whistle,  Nutriment-Excretion,  Teetotal- 
ism-Intemperance  ;  whistle  at,  Regard-Scorn  ; 
whistle  for,  Desire-Distaste,  Petition-Expostula- 
tion; whistle  for  want  of  thought,  Action-Passive- 
ness,  whistle  jigs  to  a  mile-stone,  Usefulness-Use- 
lessness. 

whit.    A  bit.    Magnitude-Smallness. 


white.  A  color.  Color-Achromatism,  Whiteness- 
Blackness;  mark  with  a  white  stone,  Approval- 
Disapproval,  Consequence-Insignificance;  stand 
in  a  white  sheet,  Atonement;  white  as  a  sheet,  San- 
guineness-Timidity,  Whiteness-Blackness;  white 
feather,  Bravery-Cowardice;  white  flag,  Fight- 
ing-Conciliation; white  frost,  Heat-Cold;  white 
heat,  Heat-Cold;  white  horses,  River-Wind;  white 
lie,  Ambiguity,  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Pre- 
text, Truthfulness-Fabrication;  white  liver, 
Bravery-Cowardice;  white  livered,  Bravery-Cow- 
ardice ;  white  of  the  eye,  Sight-Blindness. 

White'-chap"-el  cart.  A  two  wheeled  shop-cart.  Con- 
veyance-Vessel. 

whi'-ten.    To  make  white.    Whiteness-Blackness 

white'-ness.    Color.    Whiteness-Blackness. 


WHITENESS— BLACKNESS. 


Whiteness,  etc.    Quality  of  being  white;  white  color.    See  Adjectives. 
Whiteness — Denotations. 

Alabaster.     A  hard  white  and  translucent  stone. 

Argent.     Silver. 

Chalk.     A  soft  earthy  substance  of  a  white  color. 

Eburin.     A  composition  of  dust  of  ivory  with  a  cement. 

Ivory.  The  hard  white  substance  constituting  the  tusks  of  the  ele- 
phant. 

Lily.     A  plant  bearing  a  white  flower. 

Milk.  The  white  fluid,  secreted  by  the  mammary  glands  of  female 
animals. 

Paper.  Asubstance,  usually  white, in  theformof  thin  leaves,  intended 
to  be  written  on. 

Silver.     A  whitish  metal. 

Snow.     Watery  particles  frozen  into  white  transparent  crystals. 

Whiteness — -Nouns  of  Operation. 

Albification.     Act  or  process  of  making  white. 

Etiolation.  Act  of  becoming  white  by  excluding  the  light  of  the  sun 
or  by  disease. 

Whiteness — Verbs. 

Be  white,  etc.     To  possess  the  color  of  pure  snow.     See  Adjectives. 

Blanch.  To  whiten  by  depriving  of  color,  either  permanently  or 
temporarily. 

Bleach.     To  deprive  of  color  permanently,  as  linen. 

Etiolate.     To  whiten  by  excluding  the  light  of  the  sun. 

Render  white,  etc.     To  make  or  cause  to  be  white.     See  Adjectives. 

Silver.     To  cover  or  coat  with  silver. 

Whiten.  To  make  white  in  general;  overspread  with  white  coloring- 
matter. 

Whitewash.     To  cover  with  a  liquid  composition  of  slaked  lime. 

Wh  i  t  e  n  e  s  s — Adjectives 
Argent.     Like  or  made  of  silver. 
Argentine.     Pertaining  to  silver;  silvery. 
Blanched,  etc.     Colorless.     See  Verbs. 
Blonde  [F.].     Fair;  of  a  light  yellow. 
Candid.     White;  sincere;  frank. 
Canescent     Tending  to  become  white. 
Chalky.     Like  chalk. 
Creamy.     Like  or  full  of  cream. 
Fair.     Free  from  any  dark  hue;  spotless. 
High  in  tone.     In  painting,  brilliant  coloring. 

2        *    J"  White  or  gray  with  age;  grayish-white. 

Light.     Not  dark  or  obscure ;  whitish. 

Like  ivory,  etc.     Having  the  color  of  ivory.     See  Nouns 

Milk-white.     White  as  milk. 

Niveous.     Snowy;  resembling  snow. 

Pearly.     Like  pearls. 

Silvery.     Having  a  silver -like  luster. 

Snow-white.     White  as  snow. 

Snowy.     White,  like  snow. 

White.     Having  the  hue  or  color  of  pure  snow. 

Whitish.     White  in  a  moderate  degree. 

White  as  a  lily.  -» 

White  as  a  sheet.  I   Expressions   signifying  a  high    degree   of 

White  as  driven  snow,     j       whiteness. 

White  as  silver.  J 


Black.     A  destitution  of  all  color. 

Blackness,  etc.     The  quality  of  being  black,  or  destitute  of  color. 

See  Adjectives. 
Color.     The  hue  or  appearance  that  a  body  presents  to  the  eye. 
Dark  color.     A  hue  which  is  not  reflective  of  light. 
Darkness,  etc.     The  want  of  physical  light;   obscurity.     See  Light* 

Darkness. 
Lividity.     The  state  of  being  of  a  black-and-blue  color. 
Swarthiness.      Duskiness  or  darkness  of  complexion. 

Blackness — Denotations. 

Blackamoor.     A  negro  or  negress. 

Blue-black.      Liege  black,  used  as  a  pigment. 

Charcoal.     Impure  carbon  prepared  by  burning  wood,  etc. 

Chiaroscuro  [It.J.     A  drawing  in  black  and  white. 

Coal.     A  black,  solid,  combustible  substance  dug  from  the  earth. 

Crow.     A  bird  whose  feathers  are  very  black. 

Darky.     A  negro. 

Ebony.     A  hard,  black  wood. 

Ethiop.     A  negro. 

India  ink.     A  mixture  of  lampblack  and  gum. 

Ink.     A  fluid,  commonly  black,  used  in  writing. 

Ivory-black.     Carbonized  ivory  used  as  a  pigment. 

Jet.     A  variety  of  lignite  of  a  velvet-black  color. 

Lampblack.     Carbon  from  burning  oil. 

Man  of  color.     A  negro. 

Negro.     A  black  man. 

Nigger.     A  negro:  in  vulgar  derision. 

Pitch.     A  thick,  black  substance  obtained  by  boiling  tar. 

Print-       :_t.*  j  A  very  black  ink  made  of  lampblack  and  linseed-oil. 

Raven.     A  black  bird  similar  to  the  crow. 

Sable.     Black  clothing. 

Sloe.     The  blackthorn  tree. 

Smut.     Soot  or  coal-dust. 

Soot.     A  black  substance  from  burning  fuel. 

Tone.     The  general  effect  of  a  picture  produced  by  actinism    on   of 

light  and  shade. 
Writing-ink.     Ink  used  in  writing. 

Blackness — Nouns  of  Operation. 

Infuscation.     The  act  of  darkening  or  blackening. 
Nigrification.     The  act  of  making  black. 

Blackness — Verbs 

Be  black,  etc.    To  be  destitute  of  color.     See  Adjectives. 
Blacken.     To  make  black 

Blot.     To  spot  or  stain  with  ink  or  other  coloring  matter 
Blotch.     To  blacken  or  spot;  daub. 

Darken,  etc.     To  make  dark  or  destitute  of  light.     See  Light-Dark- 
ness. 
Denigrate.     To  blacken  thoroughly;  sully  or  defame. 
Infuscate.     To  darken;  obscure. 

Render  black,  etc.  To  make  destitute  of  color.  See  Adjectives. 
Smirch.  To  smear  with  something  which  stains  or  makes  dirty. 
Smutch.     To  blacken  with  soot,  smoke,  or  coal. 

Blackness — Adjectives. 

Atramentous.     Inky;  black,  like  ink. 
Black.     Absolutely  destitute  of  color. 


WHITENESS. 


1172 


WHOLE— PART. 


BLACKNESS—  AnjKCTiv&s— Continued. 


Black  as  a  shoe. 
Black  as  a  tinker's  pot. 
Black  as  jet. 
Black  as  midnight. 
Black  as  my  hat. 
Black  as  November. 
Black  as  thunder. 


Figurative  degrees  of  blackness;    expres- 
sions denoting  intense  blackness 


Coal-black.  1 
Jet-black.    / 


Black  as  coal  or  jet;  deep-black. 


Dark.     Absolutely  destitute  of  light. 

Dingy.     Soiled;  tarnished;  dirty;  dark  brown. 

Dusky.     Not  luminous;   partially  dark. 

Ebon.     Like  ebony  in  color;   black. 

Ethiopic.     Applied  to  the  negro  race  as  inhabiting  Africa. 

Fuliginous.     Smoke -colored ;   sooty. 

Gray,  etc.     Of  a  white  color  tempered  with  black;  hoary.     See  Gray. 

Cnky.     Of  or  like  ink. 


Jetty.     Black  as  jet. 

Low  in  tone.     In  painting,  not  very  brilliant  coloring 

Low-toned.     In  painting,  a  softened  or  less  pronounced  effect 

Murky.     That  which  is  at  once  dark,  obscure,  and  gloomy 

Nigrescent.     Growing  black;   approaching  blackness. 

Nocturnal,  etc.  Pertaining  to  night;  nightly.  See  Li<;ir*r. Dark- 
ness. 

Obscure,  etc.  That  from  which  light  is  more  or  less  cut  off  See 
Light-Darkness. 

Of  the  deepest  dye.     Very  black. 

Pitchy.     Like  pitch  in  color;  dark;  dismal. 

Sable.     Of  the  color  of  a  sable's  fur;  black. 

Somber.     Cloudy;   gloomy;   melancholy. 

Sooty.     Resembling  soot;   black,  like  soot. 

Swart,     Being  of  a  dark  hue;  moderately  black. 

Swarthy.     Being  of  a  dusky  complexion;  tawny  or  black. 


Blackness — Adverb. 


In  mourning.     In  black  to  express  sorrow  or  grief. 


white'- wash".  To  paint;  acquit;  justify.  Cleanness- 
Filthiness,  Cover-Lining,  Embellishment-Dis- 
figurement, Exculpation-Conviction,  Justifica- 
tion-Charge, Whiteness-Blackness. 

white'- washed".  Washed  white.  Get  whitewashed, 
Settlement-Default. 

white'-wash"-er.     A  flatterer.     Flatterer-Defame r. 

white'-wasb/'-ing.  Coating  with  lime.  Justification- 
Charge,  Settlement-Default. 

white'-y-brown.     A  color.     Gray-Brown. 

wnith'-er.  To  what  place.  Aim-Aberration,  Incli- 
nation, Investigation-Answer. 

whi'-tish.     Gray.     Whiteness-Blackness. 

whit'-leath-er.  Tough  leather.  Toughness-Brittle- 
ness. 

Whit'-Mon-day.  A  holiday.  Entertainment-Weari- 
ness. 


Whit'-sun-tide".     A  holv  week.     Ceremonial. 

whit'-tle.     To  cut.     Union-Disunion. 

whit'-tled.     Drunk.     Teetotalism-Intemperance. 

whiz.     To  buzz.     Resonance-Sibilation. 

who.  An  interrogative  and  relative  pronoun.  Investi- 
gation-Answer; who  would  have  thought,  Aston- 
ishment-Expectance, Expectation-Surprise. 

whoa.     Stop.     Movement-Rest. 

whole.  Entire;  healthy.  Health-Sickness,  Whole- 
Part;  go  the  whole  hog,  Completion-Noncomple- 
tion,  Determination-Vacillation;  make  whole, 
Renovation-Relapse  ;  on  the  whole,  Decision-Mis- 
judgment,  Ratiocination-Instinct;  the  whole 
time,  Duration-Neverness;  whole  truth,  Expo- 
sure-Hidingplace,  Truth-Error,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood. 


WHOLE— PART. 


Aggregate.     A  sum  or  mass  of  particulars. 

All.     The  numerical  totality  of  a  body;  the  whole  number. 

Alpha  and  Omega.     The  first  and  the  last.     [Greek  letters.} 

Be  all  and  end  all.     The  entirety. 

Bulk.     The  greater  part;  the  mass. 

Collect! veness.     The  state  of  being  gathered  into  a  mass  or  body; 

combination . 
Completeness.     The  state  of  wanting  no  part  or  element;  perfection. 
Embodiment.     The  act  of  forming  into  a  whole  out  of  a  number  of 

individuals  or  units. 
Ensemble  [F.J.      The  parts  of  a  thing  taken  or  viewed  as  a  whole. 
Entirety.     The  state  of  being  undivided. 
Gross  amount.     The  total  amount  without  deduction. 
Indiscerptibility.     The  condition  of  not  being  separable  into  parts 
Indivisibility.     The  state  of  being  indivisible. 
Integer.     The  whole  of  anything;  an  entire  entity. 
Integration.     The  act  of  making  entire. 
Integrity.     Unbroken  state;  moral  soundness. 
Length  and  breadth  of.     The  whole  extent. 
Lion's  share.     The  largest  portion  of,  or  the  whole. 
One  and  all.     The  entirety. 

Sum.     The  entire  quantity;  the  whole  of  anything. 
Sum  total.     The  whole  amount  of  several  totals  taken  together. 
The  long  and  the  short.     The  whole  of  the  matter. 
The  whole.     The  entire  assembly  or  collection  of  the  parts  of  a  thing. 
Total.     Complete  in  amount,  as  to  quantity. 
Totality.     The  whole  sum  or  amount;  completeness. 
Totalness,  etc.     The  qua.i'y  or  state  of  being  total.     See  Adjectives. 
Tout  ensemble  [P.],     The  whole  taken  together;  general  effect. 
Unity,  etc.     State  of  being  one;  oneness.     See  Solitude. 
Whole.     That  in  which  no  part  is  wanting. 

Whole — Partitive  Nouns. 

Almost  all.     The  greater  part. 

Best  part.     The  largest  portion. 

Essential  part.     The  most  necessary  part. 

Greater  part.     The  larger  part.     See  Consequence. 

Main  part.     The  principal  part 


Any.     One  or  more  persons,  things,  or  portions  out  of  a  number 

Aught.     Anything;  any  part,  even  the  smallest. 

Bit.     A  small  piece  or  fragment  of  anything. 

Component  part.  A  part  entering  into  the  composition  of  anything 
See  Constituent. 

Division.     The  act  of  separating  into  parts;  that  which  divides 

Fraction,     One  of  the  several  equal  parts  of  a  whole  or  unity. 

Fragment.     A  broken  part  of  a  whole. 

Instalment.  One  of  a  series  of  proportionate  payments  to  be  con 
tinued  until  the  claim  is  discharged. 

Member.     Part  of  an  aggregate  or  whole. 

Parcel.     A  portion  of  anything  taken  separately. 

Part.     Something  less  than  the  whole. 

Particle.     A  minute  part  or  portion  of  matter. 

Piece.  A  part  separated  from  the  whole  in  any  manner,  generallj 
evenly. 

Portion.  A  part  viewed  with  reference  to  an  individual  or  some  pur- 
pose to  which  it  is  to  be  applied. 

Section.     A  part  cut  or  separate  from  the  rest. 

Segment.  A  part  cut  off;  one  of  the  parts  into  which  a  body  nat- 
urally divides  itself. 

Share,  etc.  A  part  or  portion  of  a  thing  owned  by  several  individ- 
uals in  common.     See  Assignment. 

Subdivision.     The  part  of  a  larger  part. 

Part — Denotations. 

Arm.     The  upper  limb  of  the  human  body 

Article.     A  distinct  proposition  or  statement  in  a  series  of  state- 
ments. 
Bow.     The  forward  part  of  a  ship. 
Branch.     A  bough  of  a  tree. 
Bush.     A  branching  shrub. 
Cantle.     The  hind  bow  of  a  saddle. 
Cantlet.     A  small  fragment  cut  or  broken  off. 
Chapter.     A  division  of  a  book  or  treatise. 
Chip.     A  small  piece  cut  or  broken  off. 
Clause.     A  distinct  part  of  a  composition. 
Collop.     A  small  slice  of  meat. 


WHOLE. 


1173 


WHOLE— PART. 


WHOLE—  PART—  Continued. 


WHOLE — Partitive  Nouns — Continued. 

Principal  part.     The  most  necessary  portion. 
Whole — Denotations. 

Benjamin's  mess.     Benjamin's  share.     [Genesis  xliii,  34.  J 

Body.     The  entire  physical  part  of  man  or  other  animals. 

Bole.     The  trunk  or  body  of  a  tree. 

Composes  [L.l     A  system  or  structure  of  many  parts  united. 

Hulk.     The  body  of  an  old  ship  or  decked  vessel. 

Hull.     The  body  of  a  vessel  exclusive  of  the  rigging,  etc. 

Lump.     A  mass  of  things  thrown  together. 

Mass.     An  aggregation  of  matter  into  one  coherent  whole. 

Skeleton.     The  framework  of  an  animal  body. 

Staple.     A  principal  commodity  or  production. 

Tissue.     One  of  the  elementary  fabrics  of  which  an  organ  is  com- 
posed. 

Trunk.     The  main  body  or  stock  of  a  tree 
Whole — Verbs. 

Aggregate.     To  pile  up,  used  of  numbers  and  amounts.     See  Gath- 
ering. 

Amass.     To  bring  together  materials  that  make  a  mass. 

Amount  to.     To  rise  up  to  in  the  whole. 

Come  to.     To  amount  to;  have  a  total  of. 

Constitute  a  whole.     To  make  up  a  whole. 

Embody.     To  collect  into  a  whole;  incorporate. 

Form  a  whole.     To  go  to  make  up  a  whole. 

Integrate.     To  renew;  to  make  a  thing  entire. 
Whole — Adjectives. 

Complete,  etc.     Wanting  no  part  or  element.     See  Completion. 

Entire.     Perfect  and  undiminished  unity. 

Indiscerptible.     That  cannot  be  destroyed  by  separation  of  parts. 

Indissoluble.   \  Not  to  be  melted  or  liquefied;   incapable  of  separa- 

Indissol  vable .  J       tion. 

Individual.     Existing  as  one  entity;  not  to  be  divided;  single. 

(ndivisible.     That  cannot  be  divided  or  separated. 

Integral.     Comprising  all  the  parts;  unbroken  parts  or  numbers. 

One.     A  single  number;  forming  a  whole. 

Seamless.     Having  no  seam;  woven  throughout. 

Sweeping.     Including  many  in  a  single  act  or  assertion. 

Total.     Complete  in  amount,  used  in  reference  to  quantity. 

Unbroken. 

Unbruised. 

Undipped. 

Uncropped. 

Uncut. 

Undemolished. 

Undestroyed. 

Undiminished. 

Undissolved. 

Undivided. 

Unsevered. 

Unshorn. 

Whole .     Contai  ning  all  the  parts. 

Wholesale.     Buying  and  selling  in  large  quantities  only. 
Whole — Adverbs,  etc. 

All.     In  compounds,  wholly,  completely,  or  perfectly. 

All  in  all.     Everything. 

All  put  together.     Wholly. 

Altogether.     Wholly;  entirely. 

Bodily.     In  one  mass;  all  together;  completely. 

Collectively.     In  a  mass  or  body;  unitedly  , 

En  bloc  [F.5.     In  a  lump. 

En  masse  [F.J.     In  a  body. 

Entirely.     In  the  whole;  completely. 

Every  inch.     Entirely;  completely. 

In  a  body.     All  together;  collectively. 

In  extcnso  [L.].     In  the  extended  form;  at  full  length. 

In  gross. 

In  lump. 

In  the  aggregate. 

In  the  long  run. 

In  the  main. 

In  the  mass. 

On  the  whole.     Taking  all  things  into  consideration. 

Substantially.     In  substance;  essentially. 

Throughout.     Everywhere;  in  every  part. 

Totally,  etc.     In  a  total  manner;  completely.     See  Completely. 

Wholesale,     In  bulk  or  quantity;  indiscriminately. 

Wholly.     In  all  the  parts;  entirely. 


PART — Denotations — Continued. 


Adjectives  expressing  completeness  or  entirety. 


Entirely. 


Compartment.  One  of  the  parts  into  which  an  enclosed  space  is  di- 
vided. 

Count.      A  separate  and  distinct  charge  in  a  pleading  or  indictmeut. 

County.  A  civil  division  of  a  state  or  kingdom.  See  Extension- 
District. 

Cut.     A  part  cut  off. 

Cutting.     A  piece  cut  off  or  out,  as  from  a  newspaper .  etc. 

Debris.     Accumulated  fragments. 

Department.  A  part  or  portion  of  something  as  extensive  or  com- 
plete.    See  Division. 

Detachment.     A  body  of  troops  drawn  off  from  the  main  body. 

Detritus.     Loose  fragments  or  particles  of  rock. 

Dividend.     A  number  or  quantity  to  be  divided  into  equal  parts. 

Dose.     The  quantity  of  medicine  prescribed  to  be  given  at  one  time. 

Excerpta  [L.j.  Extracts  or  selections  from  written  or  printed  mat- 
ter. 

Frustum.  That  which  is  left  of  a  pyramid  or  cone  after  cutting  off 
the  upper  part. 

Item.     A  separate  article  or  entry  in  an  account. 

Joint.     The  place  where  two  or  more  things  are  joined  together. 

Lamina,  etc.     A  thin  plate  or  scale  split  off.     See  Lamina. 

Leaf.     A  single  division  of  a  folded  sheet  of  paper. 

Leaflet.     A  little  ieaf. 

Limb.     A  branch  of  a  tree  growing  out  from  the  trunk. 

Link,     One  of  the  rings  or  loops  of  which  a  chain  is  made. 

Lobe.     The  lower  part  of  the  ear. 

Lobule.     A  small  lobe. 

Lump.     A  shapeless  mass  of  matter. 

Morsel,  etc.     A  small  piece  of  food.     See  Magnitude-Smallnbss. 

Octant.     The  eighth  part  of  a  circle. 

Oddments.     Things  left  over. 

Odds  and  ends.     Fragments;  remnants. 

Offshoot.     Something  that  branches  off  from  tho  parent  stock. 

Paragraph.     A  passage  in  a  written  or  printed  discourse. 

Particular.     A  separate  matter  or  item. 

Passage.     A  separate  portion  of  a  discourse,  treatise,  or  writing. 

Ramification.     Subdivisions  of  roots  or  branches. 

Scale.     A  rudimentary  leaf,  as  those  covering  the  leaf -buds. 

Scion.     A  piece  cut  from  a  twig,  a  shoot  of  a  tree,  or  plant. 

Sector.     A  part  of  a  circle  bounded  by  two  radii  and  an  arc. 

Slice.     A  thin  broad  piece  cut  off  from  a  larger  body. 

Spray.     Water  or  other  liquid  dispersed  in  particles. 

Sprig.     A  shoot  or  sprout  of  a  tree  or  plant. 

Stump.  That  portion  of  the  trunk  of  a  tree  left  standing  after  the 
tree  is  felled. 

Twig.     A  small  shoot  or  branch  of  a  tree. 

Verse.     A  single  line  of  poetry. 

Ward.     A  territorial  division  of  a  city. 

Wing.  The  fore  limb  of  a  bird ;  a  building  attached  to  another  build- 
ing. 

Part — Verbs. 
Break,  etc.     To  separate  or  divide  by  force.     See  Disunion. 
Divide.     To  part  a  thing  into  two  or  more  pieces. 
Part.     To  remove  from  contact  or  contiguity ;  cause  to  sunder. 
Partition,  etc.     To  divide  into  distinct  parts.     See  Assignment, 

Pa  rt —  Adjectives 

Aliquot.     That  measures  or  divides  exactly. 

Divided, etc.     Parted;  separated;  distributed.     See  Verbs. 

Fractional.     Comprising  a  part  or  the  parts  of  a  unit. 

Fragmentary.     Composed  of  broken  pieces. 

In  compartments.     Composed  of  distinct  parts  or  divisions. 

Multifid.     Having  many  clefts  or  divisions. 

Sectional.     Made  up  of  several  distinct  parts. 

Part — Adverbs. 

Bit  by  bit.     Piecemeal ;  by  portions  at  a  time. 

By  driblets.     In  small  sums. 

By  inches.     By  slow  degrees ;  gradually. 

By  instalments.     By  partial  payments. 

By  snatches.     In  a  disconnected  way ;  by  fits  and  starts, 

Drop  by  drop.     Drop  succeeding  drop;  slowly. 

Foot  by  foot.     Gradually;  surely. 

Inch  by  inch.     By  small  degrees  or  steps. 

In  detail.     Item  by  item ;  with  particularity. 

In  lots.     In  distinct  portions. 

In  part.     In  some  degree;  partly. 

Part  by  part.     Gradually  and  carefully. 

Partially.      Not  totally;  in  part. 

Partly.      Not  wholly;  in  some  measure  or  degree. 

Piecemeal.     Piece  by  piece ;  by  degrees. 


WHOLESALE. 


1174 


WIND. 


whole'-sale".     On  a  large  scale ;   abundant.     Enough, 

Exchange,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Whole-Part. 
whole'-some.     Healthful.     Healthiness-Unhealthi- 

NESS. 

whol'-ly.  Entirely.  Entirety-Deficiency,  Whole- 
Part. 

whoop.  A  yell.  Cry-Ululation;  war-whoop,  Defi- 
ance, Fighting-Conciliation. 

whop.   To  flog.    Exculpation-Punition. 

whop'-per.  Remarkable.  Greatness-Littleness, 
Truthfulness- Fabrication. 

whop'-ping.    Huge.    Greatness-Littleness. 

whore.    A  prostitute.    Purity-Rake. 

whore'-dom.    Harlotry.    Purity-Impurity. 

whore'-mon"-ger.    A  whoremaster.    Purity-Rake. 

why.  Reason;  inquiry;  surprise.  Assertion-Denial, 
Cause-Effect,  Investigation-Answer,  Motive- 
Caprice,  Rationale-Luck. 

wib'-ble-wab"-ble.    To  oscillate.    Vibration. 

wick.    Fuel;  light.    Combustible-,  Luminary-Shade. 

wick'-ed.  Bad.  Uprightness-Dishonesty,  Virtue- 
Vice;  the  wicked,  Godliness-Ungodliness,  Good 
Man-Bad  Man  ;  the  wicked  one,  Angel-Satan,  Godli- 
ness-Ungodliness. 

wick'-ed-ness .    Sinfulness.    Virtue-Vice. 

wick'-er.    Withe.    Crossing. 

wick'-et.  A  gate.  Aperture-Closure,  Beginning- 
End. 

wide.  Broad.  Breadth-Narrowness;  in  the  wide 
world,  Extension-District;  wide  apart,  Variation; 
wide  as  a  church  door,  Breadth-Narrowness;  wide 
asunder,  Remoteness-Nearness;  wide  awake,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence, Assent-Dissent,  Carefulness- 
Carelessness,  Dress-Undress;  wide  away,  Re- 
moteness-Nearness; wide  berth,  Liberty-Subjec- 
tion; wide  of,  Remoteness-Nearness;  wide  of  the 
mark,  Aim-Aberration,  Remoteness-Nearness, 
Success-Failure,  Truth-Error;  wide  of  the  truth, 
Truth-Error;  wide  open,  Aperture-Closure,  En- 
largement-Diminution; wide  world,  Universe. 

wide'-ly.  To  a  wide  extent.  Magnitude-Smallness; 
widely  apart,  Variation. 

wi'-den.  To  broaden.  Breadth-Narrowness,  En- 
largement-Diminution; widen  the  breach,  Favor- 
ite-Anger, Variance-Accord. 

wide'-spread".  Great;  dispersed.  Enlargement- 
Diminution,  Extension-District,  Gathering- 
Scattering,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Universality- 
Particularity. 

wid'-ow.  A  woman  who  has  lost  her  husband  by  death. 
Matrimony-Divorce. 

wid'-ow-er.  A  man  whose  wife  is  dead  and  who  is  not 
married  again.    Matrimony-Divorce. 

wid'-ow-hood".  State  of  a  widow.  Matrimony-Di- 
vorce. 

width.    Breadth.    Breadth-Narrowness. 

wield.  To  use;  to  handle;  to  brandish.  Agitation, 
Touch,  Use-Disuse;  wield  authority,  Rule-Li- 
cense; wield  the  scepter,  Rule- License;  wield  the 
sword,  Fighting-Conciliation. 

wield'-y.    Manageable.    Difficulty-Facility. 

wife.  A  spouse.  Male-Female,  Matrimony-Di- 
vorce. 

wife'-less.    Unmarried.    Matrimony-Celibacy. 

wig.   Ahead-dress.    Dress-Undress. 

wig'-ging.    A  rebuke.    Approval-Disapproval. 

wight.    A  person.    Male-Female. 

wig'-wam.    A  tent.    Dweller-Habitation. 

wild.  Uncultivated;  passionate;  shy;  unskilled; 
a  plain.  Excitability-Inexcitability,  Excita- 
tion, Favorite-Anger,  Fertility-Sterility,  Gulf- 
Plain,  Heed-Disregard,  Modification-Selfin- 
dulgence,  Quest-Evasion,  Recklessness -Cau- 
tion,   Saneness- Lunacy,    Skill -Unskilfulness, 


Turbulence-Calmness;  run  wild,  Excitability- 
Inexcitability;  sow  one's  wild  oats,  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Man- 
hood, Moderation-Selfindulgence,  Virtue-Vice; 
wild  animals,  Fauna-Flora;  wild  beast,  Benefac- 
tor-Evildoer, Turbulence-Calmness;  wild  fancy, 
Fancy;  wild-goose  chase,  Persistence-Whim, 
Skill-Unskilfulness,  Usefulness-Uselessness; 
wild  imagination,  Fancy. 

Wild,  Jonathan.  A  thief;  a  rascal.  Good  Man-Bad 
Man,  Robber. 

wil'-der-ness.  A  waste ;  a  solitude ;  a  confusion.  Exten- 
sion-District, Fertility-Sterility,  Regularity- 
Irregularity,  Sociability-Privacy. 

wild'-fire.  A  combustible.  Heat-Cold;  run  like  wild- 
fire, Publicity;  spread  like  wild-fire,  Dominance- 
Impotence,  Enlargement-Diminution,  Gather- 
ing-Scattering, Publicity,  Turbulence-Calm- 
ness. 

wild'-ness.  An  uncultivated  state.  Extension-Inex- 
tension. 

wile.  A  machination.  Craft-Artlessness,  Truth- 
fulness-Fraud. 

wil'-ful.  Voluntary;  obstinate.  Bigotry-Apostasy, 
Volition-Obligation. 

will.  A  testament;  volition;  determination.  Giving- 
Receiving,  Persistence-Whim,  Security,  Voli- 
tion-Obligation; at  will,  Volition-Obligation; 
have  one's  own  will,  Volition-Obligation;  make 
one's  will,  Life-Death;  tenant  at  will,  Holder; 
will  and  will  not,  Determination-Vacillation;  will 
be,  Occurrence-Destiny;  will  for  the  deed,  Compo- 
sition, Justification-Charge;  will  he  nill  he,  Voli- 
tion-Obligation; will  of  heaven,  Volition-Obliga- 
tion; will  you,  Petition. 

will'-ing.  Favorably  disposed.  Assent-Dissent, 
Readiness-Reluctance. 

will'-ing-ly.  Without  reluctance.  Assent-Dissent, 
Readiness-Reluctance. 

will'-ing-ness.  Readiness.  Desire-Distaste,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance. 

will'-o'-the-wisp".  Ignis  fatuus;  imp.  Jove-Fiend. 
Luminary-Shade. 

wil'-low.  A  tree;  an  emblem  of  sorrow.  Jubilation- 
Lamentation. 

wilt'-ed.   Withered.    Betterment-Deterioration. 

wi'-ly.    Subtle.    Craft-Artlessness. 

wim  -ble.    An  auger.    Perforator-Stopper. 

wim'-ple.   A  veil.    Dress-Undress. 

win.  Succeed;  get.  Gain-Loss,  Success-Failure; 
win  golden  opinions,  Approval-Disapproval;  win 
laurels,  Reputation-Discredit;  win  over,  Content- 
edness-Discontentment,  Faith-Misgiving,  Mo- 
tive-Caprice; win  the  affections,  Blandishment, 
Love-Hate;  win  the  heart,  Love-Hate,  Pleasura- 
bleness-Pain  fulness. 

wince.  To  shrink;  to  flinch.  Emotion,  Excitability- 
Inexcitability,  Pleasure-Pain,  Sanguineness- 
Timidity,  Sensuality-Suffering. 

winch.    To  lift.  Elevation-Depression,  Instrument. 

win'-cing.  Shrinking  back.  Excitability-Inexcita- 
bility. 

wind.  A  blast;  life.  Circuition,  Life-Death,  Ocean- 
Land,  Strength-Weakness,  Swiftness-Slowness; 
against  the  wind,  Aim-Aberration,  Antagonism- 
Concurrence;  before  the  wind,  Aim-Aberration; 
cast  to  the  winds,  Choice-Rejection,  Keeping-Re- 
linquishment,  Use-Disuse;  close  to  the  wind,  Aim- 
Aberration;  fair  wind,  Difficulty-Facility;  get 
wind,  Publicity;  hit  between  wind  and  water,  Bet- 
terment-Deterioration; in  the  wind,  Occurrence- 
Destiny;  in  the  wind's  eye,  Aim-Aberration;  los« 
wind,  Weariness-Refreshment;  outstrip  the  wind, 
Swiftness-Slowness;  preach  to  the  winds,  Useful- 


WIND. 


1175 


WITCH. 


ness-Uselessness;  raise  the  wind,  Gain-Loss ;  sail 
near  the  wind,  Aim-Aberration,  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness,  Uprightness-Dishonesty;  scatter  to  the 
winds,  Commission-Abrogation;  see  how  the  wind 
blows,  Aim-Aberration,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Pre- 
tision,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Trial;  see  where  the 
wind  lies,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Trial;  short-wind- 
ed, Weariness-Refreshment;  sport  of  winds  and 
waves,  Agitation  ;  sound  of  wind  and  limb,  Health- 
Sickness;  take  the  wind  out  of  one's  sails,  Might- 
Impotence,  Obstruction-Help;  to  the  four  winds, 
Extension- District;  touched  in  the  wind,  Health- 
Sickness;  what's  in  the  wind,  Investigation-An- 
swer; wind  ahead,  Antagonism-Concurrence; 
wind  and  weather  permitting,  Modification,  Possi- 
bility-Impossibility. 

wind.  To  coil;  to  deviate.  Aim-Aberration,  Circle- 
Winding,  Circuition;  wind  round  the  heart,  Love- 
Hate;  wind  up,  Completion-Noncompletion, 
Preparation-Nonpreparation,  Strength-Weak- 
ness; wind  up  accounts,  Accounts. 

wind'-bound.  Delayed.  Obstruction-Help,  Re- 
lease-Restraint. 

wind'-fall".    Good  fortune.    Good-Evil. 

wind' -gage.    An  indicator.    River-Wind. 

wind'-gun.    Air-gun.    Weapon. 

wind'-i-ness .    The  state  of  being  windy     River- Wind. 

wind'-ing.  A  bend;  a  coil.  Circle-Winding,  Mid- 
course-Circuit;  winding  up,  Completion-Non- 
completion. 

wind'-ing-sheet".    A  shroud.    Life-Funeral. 

wind'-lass.    A  machine.    Elevation-Depression. 

wind'-less.    Puffed.    Weariness-Refreshment. 

wind'-mill".  A  mill  run  by  the  wind.  Revolution- 
Evolution. 

win'-dow.  An  opening.  Aperture-Closure;  make 
the  windows  shake,  Loudness-Faintness. 

wind'-pipe".    The  trachea.    Watercourse-Airpipe. 

wind'-ward.  Toward  the  wind.  Aim-Aberration, 
Laterality-Contraposition. 

wind'-wards.    Windward.    Aim-Aberration. 

wind'-y.    Stormy.    River- Wind,  Water-Air. 

wine.  A  beverage.  Nutriment-Excretion;  put  new 
wine  into  old  bottles,  Skill-Unskilfulness. 

wine'-bib"-ber.  One  who  drinks  wine  to  excess.  Tee- 
totalism-Intemperance. 

wine'-bib"-bing.  Tippling.  Teetotalism-Iniemper- 
ance. 

wine'-cool"-er.    A  refrigerator.    Oven-Refrigerator. 

wing.  A  pinion;  apart;  aside;  a  flare;  to  fly.  Act- 
ing, Belligerent,  Instrument,  Laterality-Con- 
traposition, Refuge-Pitfall,  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion, Whole- Part;  clip  the  wings,  Obstruction- 
Help,  Swiftness-Slowness;  lend  wings  to,  Ob- 
struction-Help; on  the  wing,  Arrival-Departure, 
Movement-Rest,  Transfer,  Traveling-Naviga- 
tion; on  the  wings  of  the  wind,  Swiftnfss-Slow- 
ness;  take  wing,  Arrival-Departure,  Traveling- 
Navigation;  under  the  wing  of,  Security-Insecu- 
rity; wing  one's  flight,  Arrival-Departure,  Trav- 
eling-Navigation; wing  one's  way,  Swiftness- 
Slowness,  Traveling- Navigation;  with  wings,  Ac- 
tivity-Indolence. 

winged.    Rapid.    Swiftness-Slowness. 

wink.  To  nictitate;  to  signify.  Sight-Blindness, 
Sight-Dimsightedness,  Sign;  tip  the  wink,  En- 
lightenment-Secrecy, Sign;  wink  at,  Careful- 
ness-Carelessness, Leave-Prohibition,  Pardon- 
Vindictiveness,  Sight-Dimsightedness;  wink  of 
sleep,  Activity-Indolence. 

wink'-ing.    Blinking.    Sight-Dimsightedness. 

win'-ning.     Pleasing;   courteous.     Love-Hate,  Pleas- 

URABLENESS  -  PAINFULNESS.      PoLITENESS-ImPOLITE- 

ness. 


win'-nings.     Profits.    Gain-Loss. 

win'-now.  To  sift;  to  clean.  Choice-Neutrality, 
Cleanness-Filthiness,  Inclusion-Omission.  In- 
vestigation-Answer, Mixture-Homogeneity  ;  win- 
now the  chaff  from  the  wheat,  Choice-Neutrality, 
Differentiation-Indiscrimination. 

win'-some.  Genial.  Lightheartedness-Dejection, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

win'-ter.  A  season;  cold.  Astronomy,  Heat-Cold, 
Morning-Evening;  winter  garden,  Domestication- 
Agriculture  ;  winter  of  our  discontent,  Contented- 
ness-Discontentment. 

win'-try.   Cold.    Heat-Cold. 

wipe.  To  rub;  to  strike.  Cleanness-Filthiness, 
Dampness-Dryness,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness, Recompense-Punition;  give  one  a  wipe,  Ap- 
proval-Disapproval; wipe  away,  Mark-Oblitera- 
tion; wipe  off,  Mark-Obliteration;  wipe  off  old 
scores  Atonement,  Settlement-Default;  wipe 
out,  Mark-Obliteration;  wipe  the  eyes,  Allevia- 
tion-Aggravation; wipe  the  tears,  Alleviation- 
Aggravation,  Compassiom-Ruthlessness. 

wire.  A  filament;  telegraph.  Connective,  Lamina- 
Fiber,  Messenger;  pull  the  wires,  Management. 

wire'-drawn.  Strained.  Lamina-Fiber,  Length- 
Shortness 

wire'-less.  Not  using  a  wire.  Wireless  telegraphy, 
Electricity. 

wire'-pull"-er.    An  intriguer.    Manager. 

wire'-worm.    A  worm.    Benefactor-Evildoer. 

wir'-y.  Strong  Lamina-Fiber,  Strength-Weak- 
ness. 

wis.    To  think.    Hypothesis. 

wis'-dom.  Knowledge.  Adage-Nonsense,  Mind-Im- 
becility; have  cut  one's  wisdom  teeth,  Skill-Un- 
skilfulness; worldly  wisdom,  Recklessness-Cau- 
tion. 

wise.  Intelligent;  manner.  Sagacity-Incapacity, 
Way;  in  such  wise,  Condition-Situation;  merry 
and  wise,  Wittiness-Dulness;  wise  in  one's  own 
conceit,  Conceit-Diffidence;  wise  man,  Sage-Fool; 
wise  maxim,  Adage-Nonsense;  word  to  the  wise, 
Advice. 

wise'-a"-cre.    A  simpleton.    Sage-Fool. 

wish.  Desire.  Desire-Distaste.  Purpose-Luck,  Vo- 
lition-Obligation; do  what  one  wishes,  Liberty- 
Subjection  ;  wish  at  the  bottom  of  the  Red  Sea,  Con- 
tentedness-Discontentment;  wish  joy,  Felicita- 
tion; wish  the  father  to  the  thought,  Credulous- 
ness-Skepticism,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Sanguineness-Hopelessness;  wish  well, 
Charitableness-Malevolence. 

wish'-ful.    Having  a  desire.    Desire-Distaste. 

wish'-ing-cap".   A  talisman.    Devotion-Charm. 

wish'-wash   .   Nonsense.   Meaning-Jargon. 

wish'-y-wash"-y.  Feeble;  unimportant.  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Force-Weakness,  Savor- 
Tastelessness. 

wis'-ket.    A  basket.    Contents-Receiver. 

wisp.    A  broom.    Gathering-Scattering. 

wist'-ful.  Pensive;  wishful.  Carefulness-Careless- 
ness, Desire-Distaste,  Emotion,  Reflection-Va- 
cancy. 

wist'-ful-ly.     Desirously.     Desire-Distaste. 

wit.  Humor;  wisdom;  intellect;  a  humorist.  Enter- 
'tainment-Weariness,  Mind-Imbecility,  Rhetoric, 
Sagacity-Incapacity,  Wag,  Wittiness-Dulness; 
at  one's  wit's  end,  Certainty-Doubt,  Difficulty- 
Facility;  mother-wit,  Sagacity-Incapacity;  soul 
of  wit,  Terseness-Prolixity;  to  wit,  Interpreta- 
tion-Misinterpretation. 

wit'-an.    Members  of  a  witenagemot.    Council. 

witch.  A  sorceress;  a  hag;  a  spell.  Beauty-Ugliness, 
Devotion-Magician,  Soothsayer. 


WITCHCRAFT. 


1176 


W1TTINESS— DULNESS. 


witch'-craft.    Sorcery.    Devotion-Magic. 

witch'-er-y.  Witchcraft;  fascination.  Devotion- 
Magic,  Motive-Caprice,  Pleasurableness-Pain- 
fulness. 

wit'-crack"-er.   A  joker.    Wag. 

wit'-en-a-ge-mot" .    A  Saxon  Senate.    Council. 

with.  Added;  mixed;  accompanying;  means;  a  liga- 
ture. Addition-Subtraction,  Connective,  Means, 
Mixture-Homogeneity,  Solitude-Company;  go 
with,  Cooperation-Opposition;  with  all  its  parts, 
Entirety-Deficiency;  with  a  vengeance,  Entire- 
ty-Deficiency, Magnitude-Smallness;  with  a  wit- 
ness, Entirety-Deficiency,  Magnitude-Small- 
ness; with  regard  to,  Connection-Independence. 

with-al'.  With;  enough.  Addition-Subtraction, 
Enough,  Solitude-Company. 

with-draw'.  To  recede;  subduct.  Addition-Subtrac- 
tion, Advance-Retrogression,  Approach- With- 
drawal, Arrival- Departure,  Presence-Ab- 
sence; withdraw  from,  Bigotry-Apostasy,  Desire- 
Distaste,  Quest-Abandonment. 

with-draw'-al.  The  act  of  withdrawing.  Advance- 
Retrogression,  Approach- Withdrawal,  Bigotry- 
Apostasy,  Quest-Abandonment. 

withe.    A  ligature.    Connective. 

with'-er.  To  perish.  Betterment-Deterioration, 
Enlargement-Diminution;  wither  one's  hopes, 
Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

with'-ered.  Blighted.  Security-Insecurity,  Strength- 
Weakness. 

with'-er-ing.  Harsh.  Adulation-Disparagement, 
Harshness-Mildness,  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness,  Regard-Scorn. 

with'-ers.  Binders.  Convexity-Concavity;  withers 
unwrung,  Strength- Weakness. 

with-hold'  To  retain.  Enlightenment-Secrecy,  Ex- 
travagance-Avarice, Keeping-Relinquishment, 
Leave-Prohibition,  Release-Restraint;  with- 
hold one's  assent,  Proffer-Refusal. 

with'-in.  Inside.  Outside-Inside;  derived  from  with- 
in, Subjectiveness-Objectiveness;  keep  within, 
Outside-Inside;  place  within,  Outside-Inside; 
within  an  ace  of,  Magnitude-Smallness;  within 
bounds,  Magnitude-Smallness,  Quality-Measure, 
Release-Restraint,  Transcursion-Shortcoming, 
Turbulence-Calmness;  within  call,  Remoteness- 
Nearness;  within  compass,  Moderation-Selfin- 
dulgence,  Transcursion-Shortcoming,  Turbu- 
lence-Calmness; within  one's  memory,  Remem- 
brance-Forgetfulness;  within  reach,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Remoteness-Nearness;  within  the  mark, 
Transcursion-Shortcoming. 


with-out'.  Unless;  exterior;  lacking.  Addition-Sub. 
traction,  Condition-Situation,  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Environment-  Interposi- 
tion, Holding-Exemption,  Outside-Inside,  Pres- 
ence-Absence; derived  from  without,  Subjective- 
ness-Objectiveness; not  be  able  to  do  without, 
Need;  without  a  dissenting  voice,  Assent-Dissent; 
without  a  leg  to  stand  on,  Might-Impotence;  with- 
out alloy,  Pleasure- Pain;  without  a  rap,  Afflu- 
ence-Penury; without  a  shadow  of  turning,  Muta- 
tion-Permanence ;  without  ballast,  Determination- 
Vacillation,  Virtue- Vice;  without  ceasing,  Fre- 
quency-Rarity"; without  ceremony,  Conceit-Dif- 
fidence; without  charge,  Costliness-Cheapness; 
without  end,  Eternity-Instantaneity,  Infinity; 
without  exception,  Uniformity-Diversity;  without 
excuse,  Virtue-Vice;  without  fail,  Certainty- 
Doubt,  Persistence-Whim;  without  fear  of  contra- 
diction, Assertion-Denial;  without  God,  Godli- 
ness-Disbelief; without  limit,  Infinity;  without 
measure,  Infinity;  without  notice,  Expectation- 
Surprise;  without  number,  Infinity;  without  par- 
allel, Supremacy-Subordinacy;  without  reason,  Sa- 
gacity-Incapacity; without  reference  to,  Connec- 
tion-Independence; without  regard  to,  Connec- 
tion-Independence; without  reluctance,  Readi- 
ness-Reluctance; without  reserve,  Manifesta- 
tion-Latency; without  rime  or  reason,  Adage- 
Nonsense,  Motive-Caprice;  without  stint,  Enough; 
without  warning,  Expectation-Surprise. 

with-stand'.  To  oppose.  Antagonism-Concurrence, 
Cooperation-Opposition,  Reprisal-Resistance. 

with'-y.   A  rope.   Connective. 

wit'-less.  Foolish.  •  Knowledge-Ignorance,  Sagac- 
ity-Incapacity. 

wit'-ling.   A  fool;  a  wag.    Sage-Fool,  Wag. 

wit'-ness.  A  spectator;  to  observe;  testimony.  Evi- 
dence-Counterevidence,  Onlooker,  Sight-Blind- 
ness, Sign;  bear  witness,  Evidence-Counterevi- 
dence  ;  call  to  witness,  E  vidence-Countere  vidence. 

wit'-ness-box".    Witness-stand.    Tribunal. 

wits.  Intelligence.  Mind-Imbecility;  all  one's  wits 
about  one,  Sagacity-Incapacity,  Skill-Unskilful- 
ness;  live  by  one's  wits,  Craft-Artlessness,  Skill- 
Unskilfulness,  Theft,  Truthfulness-Fraud,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty; one's  wits  gone  a  wool- 
gathering, Sagacity-Incapacity;  out  of  one's  wits, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness;  sot  one's  wits  to 
work,  Design,  Fancy,  Reflection-Vacancy. 

wit'-snap"-per.    A  witmonger.     Wag. 

wit'-d-cism.    A  jest.    Wittiness-Dulness. 

wit'-ti-ness.    Humor.    Wittiness-Dulness. 


WITTINESS-DULNESS. 


'  Refined  classical  wit. 


Atticism.     Concise  and  elegant  expression. 

Attic  salt.  1 

Attic  wit.  1 

Badinage  [F.].     Playful  raillery . 

Banter.     Wit  at  the  expense  of  another. 

Broad  humor.     Humor  that  extends  beyond  the  bounds  of  decency 

or  propriety. 
Buffoonery.     Low  drollery. 
Comicality,  etc.     The  quality  of  being  comical  or  laughable.     See 

SOCIETY-LuDICROUSNESS. 

Concetto  [It.].     Affected  wit. 

Drollery.     Humor. 

Espieglerie  [F.].     Roguish  bantering. 

Esprit  IF.].     WU. 

Facettce  [L.].     Wittiness  in  speaking  or  writing. 

Facetiousness.     The  quality  of  being  witty  or  humorous. 

Flash.  \ 

Flash  of  merriment.  >- A  sudden  burst  of  wit. 

Flash  ot  wit.  ) 

Pooling.     Playfulness  in  speech . 

Fun.     Mirth  and  enjoyment  derived  therefrom. 


Dulness.     Slowness  and  heaviness  of  intellect. 

Flatness.     Lack  of  interest  or  animation ;  deadness. 

Heaviness.     Despondency ;  grief ;  languidness. 

Infestivity,  etc.  Want  of  cheerfulness  and  mirth,  as  at  entertain- 
ments.    See  Lightheartedness-Dejection. 

Stupidity,  etc.  Extreme  dulness  of  perception  and  understanding- 
dull  foolishness.     Sec  Sagacity-1ncapa«ity. 

Want  of  originality.     Dulness;  stupidity. 

Dulness — Denotations. 

Conte  a  dormtr  debout  [F.].     An  idle ,  siily  story. 
Heavy  book.     An  uninteresting  book. 
Matter  of  fact.     Plain  statement  of  facts. 
Platitude.     A  dull  or  commonplace  statement. 
Prose.     Dull  language  or  discourse. 

Dulness — Verbs.       , 

Be  caught  napping.     To  catch  unawares  or  unprepared. 
Be  dull,  etc.     To  be  slow  of  understanding.     See  Adjectivts. 
Damp.     To  depress  or  discourage ,  dispirit. 
Depress.     To  render  languid  or  dull ,  deject. 


WITTINESS. 


1177 


WITTINESS— DULNESS. 


WITTINESS—  DULKESS— Continued. 


Humor.     The  quality  which  gives  to  ideas  a  ludicrous  turn,  and 

tends  to  excite  laughter. 
Jen  d' esprit  [F.].     A  play  of  wit. 

"!        .         '  I  The  quality  of  being  jocose,  or  given  to  jokes  and  jest- 
Jocularity.  ) 

Plaisantene  [F.].     Pleasantry;  jesting. 
Pleasantry.     The  spirit  of  playful  and  jocose  merriment. 
Ready  wit.     Quick  perception  and  expression  of  amusing  analogies. 
Salt.     Wit. 

Smartness.     Exhibition  of  keen  wit. 
Tomfoolery.     Nonsensical  behavior. 
Trifling.     Playfulness. 
Viscomica  [L.].     Comic  talent. 
Waggery.     Mischievous  merriment. 

Waggishness.     The  quality  of  being  waggish  or  frolicsome. 
Whimsicality.     The  quality  of  being  freakier  or  capricious. 
Wit.     The  ready  perception  and  happy  expression  of  amusing  rela- 
tions causing  delight  and  surprise. 
Wittiness.     The  quality  of  being  witty. 

Wittiness — Denotations. 

Anagram.  The  letters  of  a  word  or  phrase  sot^nsposed  as  to  make 
a  different  word  or  phrase. 

Bon  mot  [F.].     A  witty  repartee. 

Bright  thought.  I  A  thought  or  expression  that  causes  delight  and 

Brilliant  idea.     >       surprise. 

Broad  farce.  A  short  comedy  whose  incidents  go  beyond  the  bounds 
of  propriety  or  decency. 

Capital  joke.     An  excellent  joke. 

Conceit.     A  quaint  or  humorous  fancy. 

Conundrum,  etc.  A  riddle  founded  upon  some  odd  resemblance  be- 
tween odd  things.     See  Tidings-Mystery. 

Crank.     A  fantastic  turn  of  speech. 

Cream  of  the  jest.     The  most  laughable  part  of  an  expression. 

Double  acrostic.  A  poem  in  which  the  initial  and  final  letters  of  the 
It  les  form  words. 

Double  entendre  [F.].  A  word  or  phrase  with  a  double  meaning,  one 
of  which  is  somewhat  obscene.     See  Ambiguity. 

Dry  joke.     A  lifeless,  spiritless  joke. 

Epigram.     A  bright  thought  tersely  and  sharply  expressed. 

Fancy.     A  conceit  or  whim. 

Farce.  A  short  comedy  whose  humor  is  due  to  exaggeration  of  ef- 
fects. 

Happy  thought.     A  thought  that  surprises  and  delights. 

Harlequinade  [F.].     A  kind  of  pantomime.     See  Acting. 

(die  conceit.     A  droll  lazy  turn  of  speech. 

Jest.     Something  ludicrous  meant  only  to  excite  laughter. 

Jest-book.     A  collection  of  jests,  jokes,  and  diverting  stories. 

feu  de  mot  [F.].     A  play  on  words. 

Joe  Miller.     A  stale  joke,  as  from  Joe  Miller's  jest  book. 

Joke.     Something  said  or  done  for  the  purpose  of  exciting  a  laugh. 

Merrythought.  A  thought  causing  delight  or  enjoyment;  a  wish 
bone. 

Mot  [F.].     A  witty  saying. 

Mot  pour  rire  [F.].     A  jest  or  joke. 

Nugce  canoree  [L.].     Mere  singsong  without  meaning. 

Old  joke.     A  joke  often  repeated. 

ay  o  wor     .       t  ^    ingenious  and  witty  turn  given  to  words. 

Play  upon  words.  >  & 

Point.     A  turn  of  expression  that  gives  agreeable  surprise. 

Pun.     A  witty  use  of  a  word  in  two  senses. 

Punning.     The  practise  of  using  puns. 

Quibble.     A  petty  evasion  in  speaking. 

Quid  pro  quo  [L.].     A  tit  for  tat. 

Quiddity.     A  trifling  subtlety. 

Quip.     A  sarcastic  taunt  or  remark. 

Quips  and  cranks.      Sarcastic  repartee. 

Quirk.     A  bright  retort. 

Quodlibet  [L.].     A  nice  point;  a  subtlety. 

Repartee.     Ready  and  witty  reply. 

Retort.     A  keen  or  sharp  rejoinder. 

Ridicule.  Language  calculated  to  make  a  person  or  thing  the  object 
of  contemptuous  humorous  disparagement.  See  Society-Deri- 
sion. 

Sally.     A  sudden  outflow  of  jocosity  or  raillery. 

Scintillation.     A  sparkling  or  flashing,  as  of  speech. 

Smart  saying.      A  sharp  answer. 


DULNESS—  Verbs— Continued.. 

Fall  flat  upon  the  ear.     To  fail  to  excite  interest. 

Lay  a  wet  blanket  on.     To  cause  to  become  discouraged;  throw  a 

damper  on. 
Prose.     To  write  or  say  in  a  dull  or  commonplace  manner. 
Render  dull,  etc.     To  make  or  cause  to  become  dull.      See  Adjectives. 
Take  au  sirieux     To  take  in  earnest;  take  serious  offense  at. 
Throw  cold  water  on.     To  dampen  one's  spirits;  discourage. 

Du  l  ne  ss — Adjectives. 

Commonplace.     Neither  new  nor  striking;  ordinary. 

Dull.     Without  spirit ;  slow  of  understanding;  not  cheerful. 

Dull  as  ditch-water.     Stupid  and  inactive. 

Dry  as  dust.     Dull  and  prosy. 

Flat.     Lacking  spirit  or  interest;  dull;  insipid. 

Flat-brained.     Dull. 

Humdrum.     Monotonous;  commonplace;  stupid. 

Insulse.     Dull;  insipid. 

Matter  of  fact.     Treating  of  facts  or  realities;  ordinary. 

Melancholic,  etc.  Depressed  in  spirits;  dejected.  See  Lightheart- 
edness-Dejection. 

Monotonous.     Continued  with  dull  uniformity;  unvaried. 

Plodding.     Diligent  but  slow. 

Pointless.     Without  any  sharpness  or  keenness. 

Prosaic.     Resembling  prose ;  dull ;  uninteresting. 

Prosing.     Dull  and  tedious  minuteness  in  speech  or  writing. 

Prosy.     Like  prose ;  dull ;  tedious. 

Slow.     Dull,  as  in  understanding;  not  lively. 

Stolid,  etc.  Heavy;  foolish;  calm  and  unmoved.  See  Sagacity- 
Incapacity. 

Stupid.     Deficient  in  understanding;  sluggish;  foolish. 

Unentertaining.     Not  amusing;  giving  no  delight. 

Unimaginative.     Dull;  stupid. 

Uninteresting.     Not  capable  of  exciting  or  attracting  the  mind. 

Unlively.     Not  lively;  dull. 

Weary,  flat,  stale,  and  unprofitable.     Tiresome;  irksome. 

Dulness — Phrase. 

Davus  sum,  non  CEdipus  [L.],  I  am  Davus  [a  common  man],  not 
CEdipus  [who  guessed  the  riddle  of  the  Sphinx]. 


Standing  jest. 


A  joke  often  repeated. 


Standing  joke. 
Turlupinade  [F.].     A  silly  joke  or  jest. 
Verbal  quibble.     A  juggle  with  words. 
Whim.     A  peculiar  fancy. 


WITTINESS—  Denotations— Continued. 

Witticism.     A  bright,  brilliant  saying  or  sentiment. 
Word-play.     Discussion  turning  chiefly  on  the  meaning  and  use  of 
words. 

Wittiness — Verbs. 

Banter,  etc.     To  make  sport  of;  joke.     See  Society-Derision. 
Crack  a  joke.     To  tell  with  spirit. 
Cut  jokes.     To  be  witty  and  sociable. 

Jest.     To  divert  by  words  or  actions  for  the  sake  of  others'  enjoy- 
ment. 
Joke,     To  be  merry  in  words  or  actions  for  one's  own  sake. 
Joke  at  one's  expense.     To  make  merry  with  one ;  rally  one. 
Makefunof.     Toridicule;  deride;  make  sport  of. 
Make  merry.     To  be  jovial  or  joyful ;  feast. 

~  .  '  f  To  keep  cracking  the  same  joke  or  pun. 

Perpetuate  a  pun.  >  J 

Retort.     To  make  a  severe  reply;  throw  back  a  spiteful  rejoinder. 

Ridentem  dicere  verum    [L.].      To  speak  the  truth,  though  laughing. 

Set  the  table  in  a  roar,  etc.     To  entertain  with  livelyjests  and  jokes. 

See  Entertainment. 

Wittiness — Adjectives. 
Attic.     Pertaining  to  Attica;  witty. 
Ben  trovato  [It.].     Well-feigned  or  invented. 
Comic,  etc.     Relating  to  comedy;   raising  mirth.     See  Society-Ltj* 

DICROUSNESS. 

Epigrammatic.     Pertaining  to  epigram  ;  witty;  pointed.- 

Facetious.     Sprightly  with  wit  and  good-humor;  gay. 

Full  of  point.     Very  witty  or  humorous;  full  of  stinging  epigram. 

Humorous.     Fitted  to  excite  laughter;  fanciful. 

Jocose.     Given  to  jokes  and  jesting;  merry;  sportive. 

Jocular.     Being  in  a  joking  mood ;  making  jokes. 

Merry  and  wise.     Laughingly  discreet  and  judicious. 

Nimble-witted.     Having  a  raady  wit ;  quick-witted. 

Playful,  etc.     Full  of  play;  sportive.     See  Entertainment. 

Pleasant.     Conducive  to  merriment;  gay;  lively. 

Quick-witted.     Having  a  keen  and  sharp  discernment ;  sharp-witted. 

Smart.     Impertinently  or  pretentiously  witty. 


WITTINESS. 


1178 


WORD. 


Sparkling      Brilliant,  vivacious;  lively. 
Spirituel  'F.J.     Intellectual;  witty. 
Sprightly.     Lively;  brisk;  animated;  gay. 


In  jest.     For  the  sake  of  raising  a  laugh. 
In  joke.     With  no  serious  intention. 


WITTINESS— Adjectives— Continued 

Waggish.  Mischievous  in  sport ;  frolicsome. 
Whimsical.  Full  of  odd  fancies;  capricious. 
Witty.     Having  or  displaying  wit;  droll;  facetious. 

Wittiness — Adverbs,  etc. 

In  play.     Not  in  earnest. 
In  sport.     For  fun. 

Wittiness — Phrase. 


Adhibenda  est  in  jocando  moderatio  [L.].     Moderation  is  to  be  observed  in  joking. 


wit'-ting-ly.    Knowingly.    Purpose-Luck. 

wit'-tol.  A  cuckold.   Purity-Rake. 

wit'-ty.      Humorous.      Entertainment-Weariness, 
Rhetoric,  Wittiness-Dulness. 

wive.    To  marry.    Matrimony-Celibacy. 

wive'-less.    Unmarried.    Matrimony  Celibacy. 

wiz'-ard.  A  sorcerer;  a  sage.  Adept-Bungler,  De- 
votion-Magician, Sage-Fool. 

wiz'-en.  Shrunken;  a  throat.  Aperture-Closure, 
Enlargement-Diminution. 

wiz'-ened.    Shrunken.    Enlargement-Diminution. 

wo.  Pain.  Pleasure-Pain;  wo  betide,  Charitable- 
ness-Curse, Compassion  -Ruthlessness;  wo  is 
me,  Jubilation  -  Lamentation;  wo  to,  Charita- 
bleness-Curse. 

wo'-be-gone".  Sorrowful.  Lightheartedness-  De- 
jection, Pleasure-Pain. 

wo'-ful.  Direful.  Goodness -Badness,  Pleasura- 
bleness-Painfulness. 

wold.  A  down.   Gulf-Plain. 

wolf.  A  ravenous  beast.  Desire-Distaste;  cry  wolf, 
Alarm,  Sanguineness-Timidity,  Truthfulness- 
Falsehood;  hold  the  wolf  by  the  ears,  Difficulty- 
Facility;  keep  the  wolf  from  the  door,  Life-Death; 
unable  to  keep  the  wolf  from  the  door,  Life-Death  ; 
wolf  and  the  lamb,  Right- Wrong;  wolf  at  the  door, 
Affluence -Penury,  Refuge -Pitfall;  wolf  in 
sheep's  clothing,  Gull-Deceiver,  Truthfulness- 
Fraud,  Uprightness-Rogue. 

wom'-an.  A  female;  an  adult.  Male-Female,  Man- 
hood; woman  of  the  town,  Purity-Impurity. 

wom'-an-hood.  State  of  being  a  woman.  Male-Fe- 
male, Manhood. 

wom'-an-ish.    Effeminate.    Male-Female. 

wom'-an-kind.   Women  collectively.   Male-Female. 

wom'-an-ly.  Feminine;  weak.  Male-Female,  Man- 
hood, Strength- Weakness. 

womb.  Origin;  interior.  Cause-Effect,  Outside-In- 
side; womb  of  time,  Future-Past,  Occurrence- 
Destiny. 

won'-der.  A  prodigy;  surprise.  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance, Clearness-Obscurity,  Conventional- 
ity-Unconventionality,  Expectation-Surprise, 
Phenomenon;  do  wonders,  Activity-Indolence, 
Success-Failure  ;  for  a  wonder,  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance; nine  days'  wonder,  Consequence-Insig- 
nificance; not  wonder,  Expectation-Surprise; 
wonders  of  the  world,  Phenomenon  ;  wonder  whether, 
Certainty-Doubt,  Hypothesis,  Knowledge-Ig- 
norance. 

won'-der-ful.  Marvelous.  Astonishment-Expect- 
ance, Conventionality. 

won'-der-ful"-ly.  Remarkably.  Astonishment-Expect- 

ANCB,  MAGNITUDE-SMALLNESS. 

won'-der-ment.  Emotion  of  wonder.  Astonishment- 
Expectance,  Phenomenon. 

won'-der-work"-ing.  Magical.  Astonishment-Ex- 
pectance. 

won'-drous.  Wonderful.    Astonishment-Expectance. 

wont.  Accustomed.  Habit-Desuetude;  wont  do  it, 
Approval- Dr  approval. 

wont'-ed.   Commonly  done.    Habit-Desuetudb. 


woo.  To  court;  to  entreat.  Blandishment,  Desire- 
Distaste. 

woo'-er.    A  lover.    Love-Hate. 

wood.  A  forest;  a  material.  Fauna-Flora,  Mate- 
rials; not  out  of  the  woods,  Difficulty-Facility, 
Security-Insecurity. 

wood'-cut".    An  engraving.    Engraving. 

wood'-cut"-ter.  A  woodchopper.  Domestication- 
Agriculture,  Fauna-Flora. 

wood'-ed.  Covered  with  wood.  Well  wooded,  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness. 

wood'-en.  Made  of  wood.  Materials;  wooden  horse, 
Recompense-Scourge;  wooden  spoon,  Scholar- 
Dunce;  wooden  walls,  Attack-Defense,  Weapon. 

wood'-en-gra"-ving.    A  woodcut.    Engraving. 

wood'-land.    Forest.    City-Country. 

wood'-lands.    Forests.   Fauna-Flora. 

wood'-note.    A  song.    Cry-Ululation. 

wood'-pave"-ment.  Pavement  made  of  wood.  Smooth- 
ness-Roughness. 

wood-y.     Sylvan.     Fauna-Flora. 

woo'er.     A  lover.     Love-Hate. 

woof.     Warp  and  woof.     Texture. 

woo'ing.     Courting.     Blandishment. 

wool.  Flocculent;  warm.  Heat-Cold,  Smoothness- 
Roughness;  much  cry  and  little  wool,  Bragging, 
Expectation  -  Disappointment,  Overvaluation- 
undervaluation. 

wool'-gath"-er-ing.  Idle  reveries.  Wits  gone  wool- 
gathering, Heed-Disregard. 

wool'-ly.    Hairy.    Smoothness-Roughness. 

wool'-pack".    A  cloud.    Viscidity-Foam. 

wool'-sack".  A  pillow;  authority;  a  tribunal.  Scepter, 
Suspension-Support,  Tribunal. 

word.  A  vocable;  a  promise;  a  command;  intelligence; 
a  maxim;  a  phrase.  Adage-Nonsense,  Assertion- 
Denial,  Divinity,  Engagement-Release,  Order, 
Phrase,  Revelation- Pseudorevelation,  Tid- 
ings-Mystery, Word-Neology;  as  good  as  one's 
word,  Completion-Noncompletion,  Observance- 
Nonobservance,  Truthfulness-Falsehood,  Up- 
rightness-Dishonesty ;  in  a  word,  Terseness-Pro- 
lixity; give  the  word,  Order;  keep  one's  word,  Ob- 
servance-Nonobservance,  Uprightness-Dishon- 
esty; man  of  his  word,  Uprightness-Dishonesty; 
not  a  word  to  say,  Selfrespect-Humbleness,  Talka- 
tiveness-Taciturnity; password,  Fighting-Con- 
ciliation, Sign;  put  in  a  word,  Speech-Inarticula- 
tion;  take  at  one's  word,  Consent,  Faith-Misgiv- 
ing; upon  my  word,  Assertion-Denial;  watch- 
word, Fighting-Conciliation;  word  and  a  blow, 
Favorite- Quarrelsomeness,  Hurry  -Leisure, 
Strife-Peace;  word  for  word,  Imitation-Original- 
ity, Truth-Error;  word  in  the  ear,  Address-Re- 
sponse, Enlightenment-Secrecy;  word  it,  Phrase; 
word  of  command,  Fighting-Conciliation,  Order, 
Sign  ;  word  of  honor,  Engagement-Release  ;  word  of 
mouth,  Speech-In articulation;  words  of  same 
meaning,  Synonym- Antonym;  word  to  the  wise, 
Advice,  Clearness-Obscurity,  Enlightenment- 
Secrecy. 


WORD. 


1179 


WORD— NEOLOGY. 


WORD— NEOLOGY. 


Derivative.     A  word  formed  from  another  word,  or  which  takes  its 

origin  from  a  root. 
Etymon.     An  original  or  primitive  word ;  a  root. 
Name,  etc.     The  distinctive  word  or  term  by  which  a  person  or  thing 

is  designated  or  known.     See  Name. 
Phrase,  etc.     Any  term  or  characterization,  in  one  word  or  several. 

See  Phrase. 
Root.     A  word  from  which  other  words  are  formed;    a  primitive 

form  of  speech. 
Term.     A  word  or  expression  denoting  something  peculiar  to  an  art 

or  science, 
/ocable.     A  word,  especially  regarded  in  relation  merely  to  its  quali- 
ties of  sound. 
Word.     An  articulate  sound,  or  combination  of  sounds,  expressing 

an  idea. 

Word — Scientific  Nouns. 

Derivation.  The  tracing  of  a  word  from  its  primitive  form  and 
meaning. 

Etymology.  That  department  of  philology  which  treats  of  the  deri- 
vation and  growth  of  words  and  inflections. 

Glossology.  A  department  of  anthropology  relating  to  the  classifi- 
cation of  languages;  comparative  philology. 

Lexicography.     The  art  of  compiling  a  lexicon. 

Orismology.  The  science  of  definitions  and  defining,  especially  sci- 
entific terms. 

Paleology,  etc.  The  study  of  antiquity  or  antiquities.  See  Lan- 
guage. 

Part  of  speech,  etc.  One  of  the  classes  into  which  words  are  divided. 
See  Grammar. 

Terminology.     The  science  of  a  correct  use  and  distribution  of  terms. 

Word — Collective  Nouns. 

Concordance.     An  index  of  words  or  topics  in  a  book,  as  the  Bible. 
Delectus    [L.].      An  elementary  text-book  for  students  in  Greek  or 

Latin. 
Dictionary.     A  book  containing  the  words  of  a  language,  arranged 

alphabetically,  with  their  meanings. 
Glossary.     A  lexicon  of  the  obsolete,  obscure,  or  foreign  words  of  a 

work. 
Gradus  [L.].     A  dictionary  of  quantities  in  prosody. 
Index.     An  alphabetical  list  of  matters  discussed,  showing  where 

each  is  to  be  found. 
Lexicon.     A  dictionary  of  words  of  a  foreign  language. 
Thesaurus.     A  repository  of  words  or  knowledge. 
Vocabulary.     A  collection  of  words,  especially  of  a  particular  author, 

arranged  and  defined  alphabetically. 

Word — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Glossographer,     One  who  defines  and  explains  terms;    a  commen- 
tator. 
Verbarian.     A  word-coiner. 

Word — Adjectives. 

Conjugate.     Applied  to  words  from  the  same  root. 

Derivative.     Taken  or  formed  from  another  word. 

Literal.     According  to  the  letter  or  exact  words. 

Nominal.     Pertaining  to  a  name  or  term;   giving  the  meaning  of  a 

word. 
Paronymous.     Of  like  derivation;  kindred. 
Titular.     Existing  in  name  or  title  only. 
Verbal.     Not  written;  relating  to  words  only. 

W  o  r  d —  A  dverbs . 

Verbally,  etc.     By  words  uttered ;  orally.     See  Adjectives, 
Verbatim  [L.].     Word  for  word.     See  Truth. 


or  expressions. 


Epea  pteroente  [Gr.]. 


Word — Phrase. 
Winged  words. 


NEOLOGY— Continued  from  Column  2. 
Neology — Adjectives. 
Archaic.     No  longer  in  common  use;  out  of  use. 

Colloquial.      Peculiar  to  common  speech  as  distinguished  from  lit- 
erary. 

Neoloeical  t  Introducing  new  words  or  new  meanings  of  words. 

Obsolete,  etc.     Gone  out  of  use;    out  of  date.     See  Novelty-An- 
tiquity. 


Abuse  of  language.!  T  ,         , 

Abuse  of  terms?    J  ImP">P«- use  of  words 

Americanism.  A  word  or  phrase  peculiar  to  the  people  of  the  United 
States. 

Antiphrasis.  The  use  of  a  word  or  phrase  in  a  sense  exactly  opposite 
to  its  natural  meaning. 

Archaism.     A  word  or  expression  no  longer  in  common  use. 

Argot  [F.].     The  peculiar  phraseology  of  any  class. 

Babel.     Confused  unintelligible  speech. 

Barbarism.     The  use  of  words  or  forms  not  in  approved  usage. 

Billingsgate.     Rough  or  foul  language. 

Black  letter.     The  old  English  alphabetic  character 

Brogue.  Any  dialect  pronunciation  of  English,  especially  that  of  th* 
Irish  people. 

Broken  English.     English  with  a  mixture  of  some  other  language. 

By-word.     A  word  or  phrase  that  has  become  an  object  of  derision. 

Cant.     Slang  or  provincial  jargon. 

Clinch,     A  pun. 

Colloquialism,  etc.  A  form  of  speech  used  only  or  chiefly  in  conver. 
sation.     See  Trope. 

Confusion  of  tongues.     A  confused  speech. 

Corruption.  Departure  from  what  is  pure  and  correct  in  the  use  of 
language. 

Dialect.  The  forms  of  speech  that  are  peculiar  to  a  people  of  a  par- 
ticular district. 

Dog  Latin.     Barbarous  or  mongrel  Latin. 

Double  entendre  [F.].  A  word  or  phrase  capable  of  double  inter- 
pretation. 

Flash  tongue.     Thieves'  jargon. 

Gallicism.     A  French  idiom. 

Gibberish.  Speech  that  is  so  rapid,  confused,  or  disguised  as  to  be 
unintelligible. 

Gipsy  lingo.     The  language  used  by  the  wandering  tribes  of  Gipsies. 

Hibernicism.     An  Irish  idiom. 

Jargon.     Confused,  unintelligible  speech. 

Je  ne  sais  quoi  [F.].     Something  indefinite. 

Lingo.  Language  rendered  slightly  unintelligible  by  peculiar  ex- 
pression. 

Lingua  franca  [It.].  Mixed  language  spoken  by  Europeans  in  the 
East. 

Macaronics.     A  confused  jumble  of  words. 

Missaying.     A  wro*ng  saying. 

Monkish  Latin.     Latin  like  that  used  by  the  middle  age  monks. 

Mr.  So-and-so.     Somebody  indefinite. 

Neologism.     The  use  of  new  words  or  phrases. 

Neology.     The  introduction  and  use  of  new  words  and  phrases. 

Newfangled  expressions.     Expressions  not  commonly  used. 

Paragram.     A  play  on  words. 

Paronomasia.     A  pun. 

Patois  [F.].     Provincial  dialect. 

Pedler's  French.     The  lingo  of  pedlers. 

Pidgin-English.  A  jargon  of  English  intermixed  with  Chinese, 
Portuguese,  and  Malay  words:  Pidgin  English  means  Business 
English. 

Play  upon  words.     The  use  of  words  in  more  than  one  meaning. 

Palindrome.  A  word  which  reads  the  same  backward  and  forward. 

Provincialism.     A  form  of  speech  peculiar  to  a  province. 

Pseudology.     Falsehood. 

Pseudonym.     An  assumed  name.    See  Name-Misnomer; 

Romany.     Gipsy  dialect. 

Scotticism.     A  Scotch  idiom. 

Slang.     Inelegant  and  unauthorized  popular  language. 

St.  Giles's  Greek.  Form  of  speech  used  in  St.  Giles,  the  center  of 
London. 

Technicality.     Quibbling  nicety  as  to  speech. 

Thieves'  Latin.     Thieves'  dialect. 

ThinlHSmy*  }  Athin*:  applied  indefinitely  to  any  object. 
Wall  Street  slang.     Expressions  in  use  on  the  stock  markets. 

What  d'ye  call 'em. \  ,    ,  c   .^  ... 

tin.  i.»    u  i  Indefinite  persons  or  things. 

What  s  his  name.      )  ^  s 

Word-play.     Disputation  over  the  meaning  of  words.     See  Witt* 

NESS. 

Neology — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Coiner  of  words.     One  who  makes  new  words. 
Neologist.     An  innovator  in  language. 

Neology — Verb 

Coin  words.     To  make  or  invent  new  words. 

(Continued  on  Column  i.  J 


WORD. 


1180 


WORLD-WIDE. 


Word.    The  Christ.    Divinity;  Word  of  God,  Revel a- 

TION-PsEUDOREVELATION. 

word'-ing.    Phraseology.    Style. 

word'-less.    Speechless.    Vocalization-Muteness. 

word'-play.  Wit;  jugglery.  Ambiguity,  Wittiness- 
Dulness,  Word-Neology. 

words.  A  quarrel.  Variance- Accord;  bandy  words, 
Conversation-Monologue;  bittei  words,  Approv- 
al-Disapproval; choice  of  words,  Style;  command 
of  words,  Force- Weakness,  Talkativeness-Tac- 
iturnity; express  by  words,  Language,  Phrase, 
Style;  flow  of  words,  Speech-Inarticulation, 
Talkativeness-Taciturnity;  mere  words,  Mean- 
ing-Jargon, Ratiocination-Instinct;  no  words  can 
paint,  Phenomenon  ;  play  of  words,  Wittiness-Dul- 
ness;  put  into  words,  Phrase;  war  of  words,  Con- 
versation-Monologue, Strife-Peace;  words  that 
burn,  Force-Weakness;  words  with,  Approval- 
Disapproval. 

word'-y.    Prolix.    Terseness-Prolixity. 

work.  Product;  operation;  book;  business;  orna- 
ment; exertion;  to  pass.  Action-Passiveness, 
Agency,  Cause-Effect,  Embellishment-Disfig- 
urement, Missive-Publication,  Occupation,  Toil- 
Relaxation,  Transmission,  Use -Disuse;  earth- 
work, Attack- Defense;  field-work,  Attack- De- 
fense; hard  work,  Difficulty-Facility,  Weari- 
ness-Refreshment; piece  of  work,  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Varaince- Accord;  stick  to  work, 
Persistence- Whim;  stitch  of  work,  Toil- Relax- 
ation; stroke  of  work,  Toil-Relaxation;  work  a 
change,  Mutation-Permanence;  work  against  time, 
Hurry- Leisure;  work  at,  Action-Passiveness, 
Activity- Indolence,  Agency,  Occupation;  work 
for,  Obstruction-Help;  work  hard,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Toil-Relaxation;  work  ill,  Success- 
Failure;  work  in,  Environment-Interposition; 
work  of  art,  Beauty-Ugliness,  Embellishment- 
Disfigurement;  work  of  fiction,  Account;  work 
one's  way,  Advance-Retrogression,  Ascent-De- 
scent, Success-Failure,  Toil-Relaxation,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune; work  out,  Completion-Non- 
completion,  Conduct;  work  out  one's  salvation, 
Devotion-Idolatry;  workup,  Excitation,  Prepa- 
ration-Nonpreparation,  Use-Disuse;  work  up 
into  a  passion,  Favorite-Anger;  work  up  into  form, 
Form-Formlessness;  work  upon,  Dominance-Im- 
potence, Excitation,  Motive-Caprice;  work  well, 
Difficulty-Facility,  Success-Failure;  work  won- 
ders, Activity-Indolence,  Success-Failure. 

work'-a-day".  A  week-day;  toiling.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Occupation. 

work'-er.    Laborer.    Agent. 

work'-house.    A  workshop.    Workshop. 

work'-ing.  Active;  acting.  Activity-Indolence, 
Agency;  working  bee,  Agent;  working  man, 
Agent;  working  order,  Preparation-Nonprepa- 
ration;  working  towards,  Inclination. 

work'-man.    A  mechanic.    Agent. 

work'-man-like".    Orderly.    Skill-Unskilfulness. 

work'-man-ship.  Skill;  production.  Action-Passive- 
ness, Creation-Destruction. 

works.  Deeds.  Board  of  works,  Council;  good  works, 
Charitableness-Malevolence;  works  of  the  mind, 
Reflection- Vacancy. 

work'-shop.    A  workhouse.     Workshop. 

WORKSHOP. 

Atelier  [F.].     The  workroom  of  a  painter  or  sculptor. 

Bureau  [F.].     The  office  of  an  ambassador,  state  secretary,  etc.,  for 

business. 
Cabinet.     A  private  room  in  which  consultations  are  held. 
Dock.     An  artificial  basin  for  the  reception  of  vessels. 


Dockyard.     A  storage  place  for  all  kinds  of  naval  stores  and  timber 

for  ship-building. 
Factory.     A  place  where  goods  are  manufactured. 
Forge.     A  place  for  heating  and  beating  into  shape  iron  or  any  other 

metal. 

-.         .     *'  |  An  establishment  in  which  articles  are  cast  from  metal. 

Furnace.     An  enclosed  fireplace  for  obtaining  a  high  degree  of  heat. 
Hive.       A  place  in  which  bees  dwell  and  store  honey,  hence,  any 

place  of  industry. 
Hive  of  industry.     A  place  full  of  activity. 
Hotbed.     A  bed  of    rich  earth,  protected  by  glass,  foi   promoting 

plant  growth. 
Hothouse.      A  structure  kept  warm  artificially  for  the  forced  growth 

of  flowers,  etc. ,  or  the  shelter  of  exotics. 
Kitchen.     The  place  where  food  is  cooked. 

Laboratory.     A   place   fitted   up  for   conducting   scientific   experi- 
ments, or  similar  work. 
Loom.     A  simple  machine  in  which  cloth  is  woven. 
Manufactory.     A  place  where  anything  is  manufactured. 
Mill.     A  building  fitted  up  with  the  machinery  requisite  for  a  factory, 

working  crude  metal,  etc. 
Mint.     A  place  for  the  legal  manufacture  and  issue  of  the  coin  of  a 

country. 
Nailery.     Manufactory  where  nails  are  made. 
Nursery.     A  place  where  trees,  shrubs,  etc.,  are  raised  for  sale  or 

transplanting. 
Officina  gentium  [L.].     Workshop  of  nations,  in  which  nations  are 

produced. 
Ropewalk.     Shed  used  for  the  spinning  of  rope-yarn. 
Slip.     A  marine  railway  dock. 
Smithy.     Forge. 

Studio  [It.].     An  artist's  study  or  workshop. 
Tannery.     A  workshop  for  tanning  hides. 
Wharf.     A  landing-place,  as  of  timber  or  masonry,  for  vessel-,  and 

their  cargoes. 
Workhouse.)  A  place  where  any  manufacture  or  hand-work  is  iar- 
Workshop.    >      ried  on. 
Yard.     An  enclosure  within  which  any  work  or  business  is  carried  on. 

Workshop — Nouns  of  Instrument 
Alembic.     An  apparatus  of  glass  or  metal,  formerly  used  in  distilling 
Caldron.     A  large  kettle  or  boiler. 
Crucible.     A  pot  for  melting  metals  or  minerals. 
Emeril.     A  glazier's  diamond. 
Matrix  [h.%     A  mold  in  which  anything  is  cast  or  shaped. 

work'-wom"-an.   A  laborer.   Agent. 

world.  Immensity;  the  universe;  mankind;  fashion; 
events.  Extension-District,  Humanity,  Magni- 
tude-Smallness,  Occurrence-Destiny,  Society- 
Ludicrousness,  Universe;  all  the  world  over, 
Extension-District;  as  the  world  goes,  Habit-Des- 
uetude; a  world  of,  Multiplicity-Paucity;  citizen 
of  the  world,  Humanitari anism-Misanthrop y  ;  come 
into  the  world,  Life-Death  ;  follow  to  the  world's  end, 
Insubordination-Obedience;  foi  all  the  world,  Mo- 
tive-Caprice; give  to  the  world,  Publicity;  knowl- 
edge of  the  world,  Skill-Unskilfulness  ;  man  of  the 
world,  Adept-Bungler,  Society-Ludicrousness; 
not  for  the  world,  Decision-Misjudgment,  Prof- 
fer-Refusal, Readiness-Reluctance;  organized 
world,  Organization-Inorganization;  Prince  of 
this  world,  Angel-Satan;  rise  in  the  world,  Wel- 
fare-Misfortune; throughout  the  world,  Exten- 
sion-District; world  and  his  wife,  Multiplicity- 
Paucity;  world  forgetting  by  the  world  forgot,  Socia- 
bility-Privacy; world  of  good,  Good-Evil.  Good- 
ness-Badness; world  to  come,  Occurrence-Desti- 
ny; world  without   end,  Eternity-Instantaneity. 

world'-li-ness.  State  of  being  worldly.  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness. 

world'-ling.     A  miser;    a  railer.     Godliness-Ungodli 
ness,  Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

world'-ly.  Selfish;  irreligious.  Godliness-Disbelief, 
Unselfishness-Selfishness. 

world'-wide.  Great;  universal.  Extension-District, 
Magnitude  -  Smallness,     Universality  -  Particu- 


WORLD-WISDOM. 


1181 


WRITE. 


worid'-wis"-dom.  Shrewdness;  selfishness.  Reckless- 
ness-Caution, Skill-Unskilfulness,  Unselfish- 
ness-Selfishness. 

worm.  An  animal;  a  bane;  aspire.  Circle-Winding, 
Fauna-Flora,  Greatness-Littleness,  Remedy- 
Bane;  worm  in,  Environment-Interposition;  worm 
oneself,  Entrance-Exit,  Love-Hate;  worm  one's 
way,  Swiftness-Slowness,  Transmission;  worm 
out,  Discovery;  worm  that  never  dies,  Heaven- 
Hell. 

worm'-eat"-en  Perforated.  Betterment-Deteri- 
oration. 

worm'-wood".  A  drug.  Wormwood  and  gall,  De- 
sire-Distaste, Palatableness-Unpalatableness, 
Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

worn.  Damaged;  fatigued.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Strength-Weakness,  Weariness-Refresh- 
ment; well  worn,  Use-Disuse;  worn  out,  Better- 
ment-Deterioration, Entertainment- Weariness, 
Weariness-Refreshment. 

wor'-ried.    Harassed.    Pleasure-Pain. 

wor'-ry.  Vexation;  to  vex;  to  harass.  Charitable- 
ness -  Malevolence,  Pleasurableness  -  Fainful- 
ness,  Pleasure-Pain. 

wor'-ry-ing.  Fretting.  Pleasurableness-Painful- 
ness. 

worse.  Deteriorated;  aggravated.  Alleviation-Ag- 
gravation, Betterment-Deterioration;  worse  for 
wear,  Strength-Weakness. 

wor'-ship.  A  title;  adoration.  Devotion-Idolatry, 
Presumption  -  Obsequiousness,  Regard  -  Disre- 
spect, Title;  demon  worship,  Devotion-Idolatry; 
fire  worship,  Devotion-Idolatry;  his  worship, 
Judge;  idol  worship,  Devotion -Idolatry;  place 
of  worship,  Fane;  worship  Mammon,  Affluence- 
Penury;  worship  the  rising  sun,  Presumption-Ob- 
sequiousness. 

wor'-ship-er.  One  who  worships.  Devotion-Idola- 
try. 

wor'-ship-ful.    Honorable.    Reputation-Discredit. 

wor'-ship-ing.    Revering.    Devotion-Idolatry. 

worst.  To  defeat.  Fighting-Conciliation;  do  one's 
worst,  Betterment-Deterioration,  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence; do  your  worst,  Charitable- 
ness-Menace, Defiance;  have  the  worst  of  it,  Suc- 
cess-Failure; make  the  worst  of  it,  Overvalua- 
tion-Undervaluation; worst  come  to  the  worst, 
Certainty-Doubt,  Goodness-Badness,  Sanguine- 
ness-Hopelessness,  Welfare-Misfortune. 

worth.  Value;  virtue;  wealth.  Goodness-Badness, 
Holding-Exemption,  Price-Discount,  Useful- 
ness-Uselessness,  Virtue-Vice;  pennyworth, 
Price-Discount;  what  one  is  worth,  Property; 
worth  much,  Affluence-Penury;  worth  one's  salt, 
Usefulness-Uselessness;  worth  the  money,  Cost- 
liness-Cheapness; worth  while,  Propriety-Im- 
propriety. 

worth'-less.  Trifling;  useless;  profligate.  Conse- 
quence-Insignificance, Usefulness-Uselessness, 
Virtue-Vice. 

wor'-thy.  Virtuous;  estimable.  Good  Man-Bad  Man, 
Reputation-Discredit,  Virtue-Vice;  worthy  of, 
Dueness-Undueness;  worthy  of  belief,  Faith-Mis- 
giving; worthy  of  blame,  Approval-Disapproval; 
worthy  of  notice,  Consequence-Insignificance; 
worthy  of  remark,  Consequence-Insignificance. 

wot.    Think.    Knowledge-Ignorance. 

would.  Wishing.  Would  fain,  Desire  -  Distaste; 
would  that,  Desire-Distaste 

would'-be".  Pretentious.  Dueness-Undueness,  Pre- 
sumption-Obsequiousness. 

wound.  Injury;  insult.  Betterment-Deteriora- 
tion, Favorite-Angex,  Good-Evil,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness; keep  the  wound  green,  Pardon- 


Vindictiveness;  wound  the  feelings,  Pleasurable- 
ness-Painfulness. 

wrack.  Ruin.  Creation-Destruction;  go  to  wrack 
and  ruin,  Affluence-Penury,  Creation-Destruc- 
tion, Success-Failure. 

wraith.    A  ghost.    Jove-Fiend. 

wran'-gle.  To  quarrel;  to  debate.  Ratiocination- 
Instinct,  Strife-Peace,  Variance-Accord. 

wran'-gler.  An  opponent;  a  scholar;  a  disputer.  An- 
tagonist -  Assistant,  Ratiocination  -  Instinct, 
Scholar-Dunce. 

wran'-gling.  Quarreling.  Ratiocination-Instinct, 
Variance- Accord. 

wrap.    To  cover.   Cover-Lining,  Dress-Undress. 

wrapped  in.  Absorbed.  Heed-Disregard;  wrapped  in 
clouds,  Enlightenment-Secrecy;  wrapped  in  self, 
Unselfishness-Selfishness;  wrapped  in  thought, 
Heed-Disregard. 

wrap'-per.  A  covering.  Cover-Lining,  Dress-Un- 
dress, Enclosure. 

wrap'-ping.   Covering.    Cover-Lining. 

wrap'-ras"-cal.    A  garment.    Dress-Undress. 

wrath.    Anger.    Favorite-Anger. 

wrath'-ful.    Very  angry.    Favorite-Anger. 

wreak.      To  inflict.       Harshness-Mildness,  Turbu 
lence-Calmness;    wreak  one's  anger,  Pardon-Vin- 
dictiveness;    wreak  one's  malice  on,  Charitable- 
ness-Malevolence. 

wreath.  A  woven  band;  atrophy;  an  ornament;  an 
honor;  a  circle.  Circle-Winding,  Crossing,  Em- 
bellishment-Disfigurement, Title,  Trophy. 

wreathe.    To  weave.    Circle-Winding,  Crossing. 

wreath'-y.    Spiral.    Circle-Winding. 

wreck.  Ruin;  to  damage;  to  defeat.  Betterment- 
Deterioration,  Creation-Destruction,  Incre- 
ment-Remnant, Success-Failure. 

wrecked.    Destroyed  totally.    Success-Failure. 

wreck'-er.    Robber.    Robber. 

wrench.  To  twist;  to  take  from.  Circuition,  Injec- 
tion-Ejection, Push-Pull,  Taking-Restitution, 
Union-Disunion. 

wrest.  To  distort.  Proportion-Deformity;  wrest 
from,  Taking-Restitution;  wrest  the  sense,  Inter- 
pretation-Misinterpretation. 

wres'-tle.   To  contend.    Strife-Peace. 

wrest'-ler.    One  who  wrestles.    Belligerent. 

wrest'-ling.    Contending.    Strife-Peace. 

wretch.  A  sufferer;  a  sinner.  Good  Man-Bad  Man, 
Pleasure-Pain. 

wretch'-ed.  Worthless;  bad;  unhappy.  Consequence- 
Insignificance,  Goodness-Badness,  Pleasure- 
Pain. 

wretch'-ed-ness.   Unhappiness.    Pleasure-Pain. 

wretch'-ed-ly.    Very  small.    Magnitude-Smallness. 

wrig'-gle.  To  twist;  to  be  agitated.  Vibration-Agi- 
tation ;  wriggle  into,  Entrance-Exit  ;  wriggle  out 
of,  Escape. 

wright.   An  artificer.    Agent. 

wring.    To  twist;  to  torture.  Circle-Winding,  Clean- 

NESS-FlLTHINESS,     PLEASURABLENESS-PAINFULNESS, 

Sensuality-Suffering;  wring  from,  Coercion,  In- 
jection-Ejection, Taking- Restitution  ;  wring 
one's  hands,  Jubilation-Lamentation;  wring  the 
heart,  Pleasurableness-Painfulness. 

wringMng  wet.    Drenched.    Dampness-Dryness. 

wrin'-kle.    A  crease.    Circle-Winding,  Plicature. 

wrin'-kled.    Aged.    Infancy-Age. 

wrist.    A  part  of  the  arm.    Keeping-Relinquisiiment. 

wrist'- band.    Part  of  a  sleeve.    Dress-Undress. 

writ.    An  order.    Litigation,  Order. 

Writ.  Scripture.  Holy  Writ,  Revelation-Pseudoreve- 
lation. 

write.  To  inscribe.  Style,  Writing-Printing;  write 
down,     Inclusion-Omission,      Writing- Printing; 


WRITE. 


1182 


WRITING— PRINTING. 


Tvrite  out,  Writing-Printing;  write  upon,  Essay; 
write  word,  Enlightenment-Secrecy. 
wri'-ter.  A  scrivener;  an  author.  Missive-Publica- 
tion, Writing-Printing;  dramatic  writer,  Acting; 
pen  of  a  ready  writer,  Style;  writer  to  the  Signet, 
Advocate. 

writing— printing. 


writhe.  To  twist;  be  in  pain.  Agitation,  Propor- 
tion-Deformity, Sensuality-Suffering. 

wri'-ting.  Inscription;  books.  Missive-Publication, 
Writing-Printing  ;  put  in  writing,  Mark-Oblitera- 
tion ;  writing  in  cipher,  Writing-Printing. 


Autograph.     Writing  done  with  one's  own  hand. 

Bad  hand.     Incorrect  or  illegible  writing. 

Barbouillage  [F.].     A  scrawl;  a  scribble. 

Bold  hand.     Prominent  and  easily  read  writing. 

Cacoethes  scribendi  [L.].     An  incurable  passion  for  writing. 

Cacography.      Bad  writing. 

Calligraphy.      Fair  or  elegant  penmanship. 

Cerography.     The  art  of  writing  on  a  waxed  copper  plate. 

Chirography.     The  art  of  writing. 

Composition.     Anything  written. 

Copy.     A  reproduction  or  imitation ,  as  of  a  writing. 

Coup  de  plume  [F.].     An  attack  in  writing. 

Crabbed  hand.     Writing  that  is  irregular  in  form. 

Cramped  hand.     Writing  that  is  small  and  contracted  and  irregular 

in  form. 
Cursive  hand.     Writing  in  which  the  letters  or  characters  are  joined 

together. 
Dash  of  the  pen.     A  hasty  writing. 
Fair  copy.     Regular  and  flowing  writing. 
Fist.     Handwriting. 

Flowing  hand.     Writing  that  seems  to  move  as  a  stream. 
Good  hand.     Legible  writing. 

Graphology.     Studying  character  from  the  handwriting. 
Griff  onage  [F.].     Scrawl;  scribbling. 
Hand.     Writing. 

Handwriting.     Writing  done  by  the  hand. 
Hectograph.     A  pad  for  multiplying  copies  of  writing. 
Holograph.     Writing  entirely  by  the  hand  of  the  person  in  whose 

name  it  is  issued. 
Illegible  hand.     Writing  that  is  difficult  to  read  or  cannot  be  lead. 
Ill-formed  letters.     Irregular  writing. 
Inscription,  etc.     Ths  act  of  marking  with  written  characters.     Sec 

Mark. 
Legible  hand,      Writing  that  can  be  easily  read. 
Line.     A  row  of  written  words. 
Litera;  scriptce  [LJ.     Written  letters. 
Manuscript.     Writing  done  by  the  hand. 
Mimeograph.     Writing  traced  so  as  to  make  copies. 
Monograph.     A  written  account  of  a  single  thing. 
MS.     Abbreviation  for  manuscript. 
Paltes  de  mouche  [F.].     Fly's  feet;  scribbling. 
Pen  and  ink.     Writing. 
Pencraft.     The  art  of  composing  or  writing. 
Penmanship.     Style  or  manner  of  writing. 
Pot-hooks  and  hangers.     A  scrawled  writing. 
Quill-driving.     Writing  with  a  quill. 
Rescript.     An  imperial  writing  or  decree. 
Rough  copy.     Writing  hastily  done. 
Running  hand.     Writing  in  which  the  letters  or  characters  are  joined 

together. 
Scribble,  etc.     Hasty,  careless  writing.     See  Verbs. 
Signature.     The  name  of  a  person  written  by  himself. 
Sign-manual.     The  personal  signature  of  a  person. 
Stelography.     The  art  of  writing  or  inscribing  characters  on  pillars. 
Stroke  of  the  pen.     Hasty  writing. 
Superscription,  etc.     The  act  of  writing  on  the  outside  or  upper 

part  of.     See  Sign. 
These  presents.     Writings  or  documents  now  present  or  referred  to. 
Transcript.     A  copy. 

Transcription,  etc.     A  copying.     See  Copy. 
Type-writer.     Manutyper. 
Writing,  etc.     The  forming  of  characters  or  letters  in  order  to  record 

ideas  for  the  information  of  others.     See  Verbs. 
Writing — Nouns  of  Instrument. 
Foolscap.      Writing-paper  folded  to  make  pages  about  13  by  8  inches. 
Goose-quill.     A  quill  from  a  goose's  wing,  used  for  writing  with. 

Ink-pun^'  *  A  b0ttle  °r  plant  f°r  ink* 

Marble.     A  stone  for  some  inscription. 

Paper.     A  thin  substance  in  the  form  of  sheets,  used  for  writing  on. 

Papyrus.     The  writing  paper  of  the  ancient  Egyptians,  made  from 

the  papyrus -plant. 
Parchment.      Sheep  or  goat-skin   polished   with   pumice-stone  for 

writing  upon. 
Pen.     An  instrument  for  writing  with  fluid  ink. 


Block-printing,     A  mode  of  printing  from  engraved  boards  by  means 

of  a  sheet  of  paper  laid  on  the  inked  surface  and  rubbed  with  a 

brush. 
Composition       The  setting  up  of  type  and  arranging  it  for  printing. 
Manutype.     Planting  done  with  a  typewriter  by  hand. 
Plate-printing,  etc.     The  process  of  printing  from  an  engraved  plate 

or  plates.     See  Engraving. 
Printing.     The  art  of  making  and  issuing  matter  for  reading  by 

means  of  type  and  the  printing-press. 
Type-printing.     The  process  of  printing  from  raised  type. 

Printing — Associated  Nouns. 

Column.     One  of  two  or  more  vertical  series  of  lines. 
Context.     The  whole  text  of  a  book. 

Copy.     A  reproduction  or  imitation,  as  of  writing,  printing,  etc. 
Folio,  etc.     A  book  with  the  pages  folded  once.     See  Missive-Pub- 
lication. 
Head-line.     A  line  of  type  set  above  the  text  to  which  it  refers. 
Impression.     The  imprint  of  types,  illustrations,  etc. 
Letterpress.     Printed  matter  from  type. 
Note.     A  brief  comment  appended  to  the  text  of  a  work. 
Offcut.     The  part  cut  off  from  a  printed  page. 
Page.     One  side  of  a  leaf  of  a  book. 
Print.     Printed  matter. 
Proof.     A  first  print. 

Pull.     An  impression  made  by  pulling  the  lever  of  a  hand-press. 
Revise.     A  proof  for  revision. 

Text.     The  body  of  matter  on  a  written  or  printed  page. 
The  press.     Persons  engaged  in  newspaper  work  collectively. 

Printing — Nouns  of  Instrument. 

Aprotype.     Close  type. 
Block  letter.     Type  cut  from  wood. 

Bourgeois.     A  kind  of  type  between  long  primer  and  brevier. 
Brevier.     A  size  ol  type  between  bourgeois  and  minion. 
Capitals,  etc.     Large  letters  or  type.     See  Letter. 
Electrotype.     A  facsimile  plate  made  by  electrotypy  for  use  In  print- 
ing. 

Fount  J  ^  comPlete  assortment  of  printing-type  of  one  size. 

Minionette.'    A  very  small  size  of  tvpe. 

Pi    \ 

Pie  >  ^  mass  °^  tyPe  confusedly  mixed  or  unsorted. 

Pica.     A  size  of  type  six  lines  to  an  inch  in  depth  of  body. 

Reglet.     Wooden  strip  for  making  space  between  lines. 

Stereotype.     A  metal  plate  cast   from  a    mold  taken  from  one  or 

more  pages  of  movable  types,  for  subsequent  use  in  printing  from. 
Type.     The  shape  or  form  of  an  alphabetic  letter  in  metal. 
Typewriter.     A  machine  for  producing  printed  characters. 

Printing — Nouns  of  Agent. 
Compositor.     One  who  sets  types,  and  puts  them  into  pages  and 

forms. 
Manutyper.     One  who  prints  with  a  typewriter. 
Printer.     One  who  prints  on  paper,  as  books,  newspapers,  etc. 
Printers  devil.     The  youngest  apprentice  in  a  printing-office.,  wno 

does  all  of  the  dirty  work. 
Reader.     A  corrector  of  the  press. 

Printing — Scientific  Nouns. 
Typography.     The  art  of  composing  and  printing  from  types. 
Printing — Verbs 

Appear  in  print.     To  come  before  the  public ;  be  published . 

Bring  out.     To  publish ;  bring  into  notice. 

Compose.     To  arrange  type  in  a  composing-stk'<v  fa*  .-  i.nting;    set 

types. 
Enface.     To  print  on  the  face  of. 
Go  to  press.     To  be  in  the  course  of  prating. 
Pass  through  the  press.     To  be  printed. 

Print.     To  form  or  copy  by  pressure,  as  from  syp*  *■■' '-  f-t'  aved  plate 
Publish,  etc.     To  print  and  offer  for  sale.     See  Pi '  j.ic.rv. 
Put  to  press.     To  start  to  print. 
Rush  into  print.     To  hurry  the  publication. 
See  through  the  press.     To  keep  to  the  publication  of  something. 


WRITING. 


1183 


WYVKRN. 


WRITING-    PRINTING— Continued 


WRITING — Nouns  of  Instrument — Continued 

Pencil.     A  pointed  strip  of  graphite,  slate    or  similar  metal,  often 

enclosed  m  wood. 
Pillar.     A  monument  for  inscription. 
Quill,      An  instrument  for  writing. 
Slate.     A  thin  plate  of  stone  for  writing  upon. 
Stationery.     Paper,   pens,   ink,   and   other  materials  employed  in 

writing. 
Style,     A  pointed  metal  instrument  for  writing  on  tablets  covered 

with  wax. 
Table.     A  slab  of  stone .  wood  metal,  or  the  like  for  writing. 
Tablet.     A  small  table  or  fiat  surface  for  an  inscription. 
Tabula.     A  writing-table. 
Vellum,     A  fine  parenment  made  from  the  skins  of  calves,  kids, 

and  lambs. 

Writing — Nouns  of  Means. 
Arrow-heads,     Alphabetic  characters  the  elements  of  which  consist 

of  strokes  resembling  arrow-heads. 
Cuneiform  character.     A  character  or  letter  having  a  wedge-like 

appearance,  found  in  old  Persian  inscriptions. 
Hieroglyphic.     The  picture-writing  of  ancient  Egypt. 
Letter,  etc.     A  mark  or  character  representing  a  sound  or  an  element 

of  speech.     See  Letter. 
Ogham.     A  kind  of    shorthand  writing  or  cipher,  in  use  among  the 

ancient  Irish. 
Runes.     Characters  of  an  early  alphabet  of  the  Germans,  Anglo- 
Saxons  or  Scandinavians. 
Uncial  writing.     Consisting  of  a  form  of  letters  found  in  manuscripts 

from  the  4th  to  the  8th  century. 

Writing — Nouns  of  A%ent. 
Amanuensis.     One  who  copies  manuscript  or  writes  from  dictation. 
Clerk.     An  employee  who  keeps  accounts  or  does  writing. 
Copyist.     One  who  does  copying. 

Penman-     A  person  considered  with  regard  to  his  handwriting. 
Quill-dnver.     One  who  works  with  a  pen. 
Scribe,     One  who  writes;  an  official  or  public  write. . 
Scrivener.     One   whose   business  is  to  draw  contracts  or  prepare 

writings. 
Secretary.     One  who  attends  to  correspondence,  etc. 
Transcriber.     One  who  writes  from  a  copy. 
Writer.     One  who  writes,  or  engages  in  literary  composition. 
Writer  for  the  press,  etc.     One  who  writes  for  newspapers  or  peri- 
odicals.    See  Missive-Publication. 

Writing — Scientific  Nouns. 
Brachygraphy.     Art  or  practise  of  writing  in  short  compass. 
Contraction.     The  shortening  of  a  word  in  writing. 
Cryptography.     Art  of  writing  in  secret  characters. 
Logography.     Art  of    reporting  speeches  in  longhand  by    several 

reporters,  each  taking  down  a  few  words  in  succession. 
Pasigraphy.     Any  system  of  universal  writing. 
Phonography.     A  system  of  shorthand  writing. 
Polygraphy.     The  art  of  writing  in  various  ciphers. 
Secret  writing.     A  system  of  writing  known  only  to  those  concerned. 
Shorthand.     A  rapid  system  of  writing  by  means  of  contractions 

and  simple  characters. 
Steganography.     The  art  of  writing  in  cipher. 
Stenography      Art  of  writing  by  the  use  of  contractions  or  arbitrary 

symbois. 
Tachygraphy.     Any  ancient  stenographic  system. 
Writing  in  cipher.     A  secret  system  of  writing. 

writ'-ten.  Marked  down.  Writing-Printing;  it  is 
written,  Volition-Obligation. 

wrong.  Evil;  improper.  Charitableness-Malevo- 
lence, Good-Evil,  Goodness-Badness,  Right- 
Wrong,  Virtue -Vice;  begin  at  the  wrong  end, 
Skill-Unskilfulness',  go  wrong,  Success-Fail- 
ure; in  the  wrong,  Right-Wrong,  Truth-Error; 
in  the  wrong  place,  Propriety-Impropriety;  own 
oneself  in  the  wrong,  Repentance-Obduracy; 
wrong  box,  Difficulty-Facility,  Right-Wrong, 
Skill-Unskilfulness;  wrong  course,  Virtue-Vice; 
wrong  in  one's  head,  Saneness-Lunacy;  wrong  side 
of  the  wall,  Security-Insecurity;  wrong  side  out, 
Reversal;  wrong  side  up,  Reversal;  wrong  sow  by 
the  ear,  Skill-Unskilfulness,  Success-Failure  ; 
wrong  step,  Success-Failure. 

wrong/-do"-er.  A  culprit.  Benefactor-Evildcer, 
Good  Man-Bad  Man. 


Printing — Adjectives. 


In  type.     Ready  to  print. 

Printed,  etc.     Impressed  with  letters.     See  Verbs. 

Typographical,  etc.     Pertaining  to  the  art  of  printing.     See  Nouns. 


WRITING— Continued. 
Writing — Noun  of  Source. 
Authorship      Source  from  which  a  work  proceeds. 

Writing — Verbs. 
Compose.     To  write,  as  an  author. 
Copy.     To  write  from  an  original. 
Dash  off.     To  write  hastily. 
Dictate.     To  communicate  orally  something  to  be  written  by  an 

amanuensis. 
Dip  one's  pen  in  ink.     To  engage  temporarily  in  writing. 
Draw  up.     To  compose  in  due  form  ;  form  in  writing. 
Enface.     To  write  on  the  face  of. 
Engross.     To  copy  or  write  in  a  large  hand. 
Indite.     To  put  into  words  or  writing;  compose. 
Inscribe.     To  write  or  engrave  on  anything. 
Interline.     To  write  between  the  lines. 
Pen.     To  commit  to  writing ,  indite. 

Scrabble.     To  make  irregular  or  crooked  letters  in  writing. 
Scratch.     To  write  awkwardly. 
Scrawl.     To  write  hastily  or  improperly. 
Scribble.     To  write  carelessly  and  illegibly. 
Shed  ink.     To  write. 

Sign,  etc.     To  write  one's  name  to.     See  Evidence. 
Spill  ink.     To  waste  one's  time  in  writing. 
Stain  paper.     To  write :  used  in  derision. 


To  begin  writing. 


Take  pen  in  hand.] 

Take  up  the  pen. 

Throw  on  paper.     To  write  hurriedly. 

Transcribe.     To  write  over  again ;  copy. 

Write.     To  express  by  means  of  forming  letters  and  words. 

Write  down,  etc.     To  record,  put  into  writing.     See  Mark.. 

Write  fair.     To  write  distinctly  or  legibly. 

Write  out.     To  write  a  full  statement  of. 

Wr  it  1  n  g —  A  djec  lives. 
Cuneiform.     Wedge-shaped;  said  of  cuneiform  letters. 
Demotic.     Simplified  form  of  the  Egyptian  hieroglyphic  characters 
Hteroglyphical.     Expressive  of  some  meaning  by  pictures  or  figures. 
In  black  and  white.     In  writing  or  print. 
In  writing. 

Runic.     Pertaining  to  rune  or  runes. 
Uncial.     Pertaining  to  uncial  letters. 

Under  one's  hand.     Attested  or  confirmed  by  writing  one's  name. 
Writing,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Written,  etc.     Reduced  to  writing.     See  Verbs. 
Writing — Adverbs,  etc. 

Currente  calamo  [L.].      Offhand,  with  great  rapidity*,  with  running 

pen. 
Pen  in  hand.     Ready  for  writing. 

Writing — Phrases. 
Audacter  et  sincere  [L.].      Boldly  and  sincerely. 
he  style  est  Vhomme  meme  [F.].     The  style  is  the  man  himself. 

wrong'-do-ing.    Mischief.    Virtue-Vice. 

wrong'-ful.    Injurious.    Right-Wrong. 

wrong'-head-ed.    Obstinate.    Decision-Misjudgment. 

wrong'-ly.    Not  rightly.    Right- Wrong. 

wrought.     Worked.  Highly  wrought,  Completion- 

Noncompletion,  Preparation- Nonpreparation; 
wrought  iron,  Hardness -Softness;  wrought  out, 
Completion-Noncompletion;  wrought  up,  Emotion, 
Excitation,  Favorite-Anger. 

wry.  Oblique;  distorted.  Parallelism-Inclination, 
Proportion-Deformity;  wry  face,  Approval-Dis- 
approval, Beauty-Ugliness,  Contentedness-Dis- 
contentment,  Jubilation-Lamentation,  Sensual- 
ity-Suffering. 

wynd.    An  alley.    Dweller-Habitation. 

wy'-vern.  A  dragon.  Conventionality-Unconven* 
tionality. 


XANORPHICA. 


1184 


X,  Y,  Z. 


X 


xa-nor'-plii-ca.  Stringed  instrument.  Musical  In- 
struments. 

xan'-the-in.    Yellow  pigment.    Yellowness-Purple. 

Xan'-thi-an.    Relating  to  Xanthus.    Sculpture. 

xan'-thic.  Having  a  yellowcolor.  Yellowness- Purple. 

xanth"-o-cy"-an-o'-pi-a.  Form  of  color-blindness. 
Sight-Dimsightedness,  Yellowness-Purple. 

xan-thop'-si-a.  Kind  of  color-blindness.  Sight-Dim- 
sightedness, Yellowness-Purple. 

xan'-those.    Yellow  pigment.    Yellowness-Purple. 

Xan'-thous.    Mongolian.    Yellowness-Purple. 

Xan-tip'-pe.  The  wife  of  Socrates.  Favorite-Quarrel- 
someness. 

xe'-bec.   A  small  vessel.   Conveyance-Vessel. 

xen"-o-dc-chi'-um.    Room.    Dweller-Habitation. 

xen"-o-gen'-e-sis.  The  fancied  production  of  an  organ- 
ism of  one  kind  by  an  organism  of  another.  Crea- 
tion-Destruction. 

xe-roph'-a-gy.  The  eating  of  dry  food.  Fasting-Glut- 
tony. 

xiph-op'-a-gus.  Double  monster.  Conventionality- 
Unconventionality,  Phenomenon. 

X  ray.  A  Roentgen  ray,  called  X  as  an  unknown 
quantity. 


X  RAY. 

Bocquerel  rays.  Rays  of  force  acting  like  Roentgen  rays,  given  ofl 
by  certain  substances  without  electrical  stimulus. 

Cathode.     The  point  at  which  electricity  flows  from  Crookes's  tube. 

Crookes's  tube.  An  electrical  receiver,  by  which  Roentgen  rays  are 
produced. 

Fluoroscope.  A  radiant  image  of  something  passed  through  by  X 
rays  which  fall  upon  a  prepared  surface  of  fluorescent  materials. 

Photographic  film.  Films  prepared  to  take  an  image  from  rays 
directed  upon  them. 

Radiograph.     A  sciagraph  or  fluoroscope. 

Roentgen  ray  photograph.     A  sciagraph. 

Roentgen  rays.  Rays  starting  from  the  point  where  cathode  rays 
strike  the  surface  of  Crookes's  tube ;  they  will  pass  through  most 
solid  bodies,  and  are  invisible,  but  produce  chemical  effects  upon 
certain  substances  so  as  to  make  radiographs  of  the  objects  they 
pass  through.     They  are  named  from  their  discoverer 

Sciagraph.  A  shadow  picture  made  by  Roentgen  rays  upon  a 
photographic  film. 

xyMo-graph.    A  wood-engraving.     Engraving. 

xy-log'-ra-phy.    Wood-engraving.    Engraving. 

xy-lo -phone.  Musical  instrument.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

x,  y,  z.  An  unknown  quantity.  Knowledgb-I6no 
rance. 


YACHT. 


1185 


YELLOWNESS— PURPLE. 


yacht.    A  pleasure-craft.    Conveyance- Vessel. 

yacht'-ing.  The  act  of  sailing  a  yacht.  Traveling- 
Navigation. 

ya'-ger.   A  sharpshooter.    Belligerent. 

Ya-hoo'.  A  low  person.  Crapt-Artlessness,  Gentil- 
ity-Commonalty. 

yak.    Bison.    Fauna-Flora. 

yam.    Kind  of  sweet  potato.    Fauna-Flora. 

ya'-ma.    A  god.    Jove-Fiend. 

yank.    To  pull.    Push-Pull. 

Yan'-kee.  A  New  Englander.  Craft-Artlessness, 
Skill-Unskilfulness. 

Yan'-kee  Doo'-dle.  Popular  American  tune.  Enter- 
tainment-Weariness, Patriotism-Treason. 

yap.   To  yelp.   Cry-Ululation. 

yard.  An  enclosure;  a  measure  of  length.  Dweller- 
Habitation,  Length-Shortness,  Measure,  Work- 
shop. 

yard'-arm"  to  yard'-arm".  From  end  to  end  of  a 
yard.     Remoteness-Nearness. 

yard'-man.  Laborer  in  the  railroad  yards.  Chief-Un- 
derling 

yare.    Prompt.    Activity-Indolence. 

yarn.  A  fibrous  material;  a  story.  Gull-Hyperbole, 
Lamina-Fiber;  mingled  yarn,  Mixture-Homoge- 
neity; spin  a  long  yarn,  Gull-Hyperbole,  Terse- 
ness-Prolixity. 

yarr.    To  snarl.    Cry-Ululation. 

yar'-row.   An  astringent  herb.    Remedy-Bane. 

yat'-a-ghan.    A  sword.    Weapon. 

yaup.  To  yelp.  Cry-Ululation. 

yaw.  To  steer  wildly.   Aim-Aberration. 

yawl.  A  small  vessel;  a  howl.  Conveyance-Vessel, 
Cry-Ululation. 

yawn.  To  open.  Activity-Indolence,  Aperture- 
Closure,  Entertainment-Weariness,  Weariness- 
Refreshment. 


yawn'-ing.  A  wide  opening.  Aperture-Closure,  In 
terspace  -  Contact,  Weariness  -  Refreshment, 
yawning  gulf,  Interspace-Contact. 

y-clept'.    Named.    Name-Misnomer. 

yea.  Yes;  more  so.  Assent-Dissent,  Supremacy- 
Subordinacy. 

yean.   To  bring  forth.   Creation-Destruction. 

year.  A  period  of  time.  Duration-Neverness,  Pe- 
riod-Progress; all  the  year  round,  Lastingness- 
Transientness;  since  the  year  one,  Novelty-An- 
tiquity; tenant  from  year  to  year,  Holder;  year 
after  year,  Recurrence. 

year'-book.  Book  published  annually.  Periodicity- 
Irregularity. 

year'-ling.    Being  a  year  old.    Infant-Veteran. 

year'-ly.  Once  a  year.  Periodicity- Irregular- 
ity. 

yearn.  To  desire  anxiously.  Lightheartedness-De- 
jection,  Pleasure-Pain;  yearn  for,  Comp*ssion- 
Ruthlessness,  Desire-Distaste. 

yearn'-ing.  Act  or  state  of  longing.  Compassion- 
Ruthlessness,  Desire-Distaste,  Love-Hate. 

years.  Plural  of  year.  Duration-Neverness,  Infan- 
cy-Age; in  years,  Infancy- Age;  tenant  for  years, 
Holder;  years  ago,  Future- Past;  come  to  years  of 
discretion,  Manhood;  years  old,  Infancy-Age. 

yeast.  The  foam  or  froth  of  fermenting  beer  or  other 
liquor.    Heaviness-Lightness,  Viscidity-Foam. 

yell.    A  sharp  loud  cry.    Cry-Ululation. 

yel'-low.  A  color  of  the  spectrum  between  green  and 
orange.  Yellowness-Purple;  yellow  flag,  Warn- 
ing; yellow  and  red,  Blueness-Orange. 

yel'-low-eyed".  Having  yellow  eyes.  Pardon-Vindic- 
tiveness. 

yel'-low-ness.  The  state  or  quality  of  being  yellow. 
Yellowness- Purple. 


YELLOWNESS— PURPLE. 


Aurcolin.     A  golden  yellow. 

Cadmium  yellow.     An  intense  yellow. 

Claude  tint.     The  tint  in  Claude  Lorrain's  pictures. 

Gamboge.     A  brownish  yellow. 

Indian  yellow.     A  pigment  of  a  bright  yellow  color. 

Lemon  yellow.     Bright  yellow,  like  a  lemon. 

Orpiment.     A  pearly  lemon  yellow. 

Xanthein.     A  yellow  pigment. 

Xanthocyanopia.     A  form  of  color-blindness. 

Xanthopsia.     The  state  of  seeing  yellow  as  the  color  of  every  object. 

Xanthose.     A  yellow  pigment. 

Yellow.     One  of  the  seven  prismatic  colors,  resembling  gold,  but 

brighter 
Yellow  ocher.     A  natural  yellow  pigment  of  iron. 

Yellowness — Denotations. 

Crocus.     A  plant  bearing  large  yellow  flowers. 
Jaundice.     A  disease  characterized  by  yellowness  of  the  skin. 
London  fog.     The  thick  yellow  fog  peculiar  to  London. 
Saffron.     The  dried  orange-colored  stigmas  of  the  saffron  plant. 
Topaz.     A  whitish-yellow  mineral. 

Yellowness — Adjectives. 
Amber-colored.     Of  a  semi-transparent  yellow,  like  amber. 
Aureate.     Of  a  golden  yellow. 
Citrine.     Green-yellow,  like  a  citron. 
Citron-colored.     Green-yellow,  as  citron. 
Cream-colored.     Rich  yellow,  as  cream - 
Creamy.     Of  a  rich  yellow  color,  resembling  cream. 


Amethyst.     A  purple-violet  color. 

Aniline  dyes.     Dyes  used  to  give  various  shades  of  purple. 

Bishop's  purple.     The  color  of  the  vestments  of  a  cardinal  bishop. 

Blue  and  red.     The  colors  going  to  make  up  purple. 

Lividity.    X  The   state    or  quality  of    having  an    extremely  dark 

Lividness.  >       purple  color. 

Purple.     The  color  resulting  from  a  blending  of  violet  and  red. 

Purpure.     The  term  used  for  purple  in  heraldry. 

Purple — Verb. 

Empurple.     To  tinge  or  color  with  purple. 

Purple — Adjectives. 

Lavender.     Of  a  very  pale  purple  color. 

Lilac.     Of  a  pale  purple  color,  like  the  lilac. 

Livid.     Of  an  extremely  dark  purple  color. 

Mauve.     Of  a  delicate  purple  color. 

Plum-colored.     Of  a  rich  reddish-purple. 

Puce.     Of  a  dark-brownish  purple  color. 

Purple.     Colored  with  purple. 

Violet.     Of  a  dark  blue  >  inclining  to  red  and  not  quite  pr*rp!fc 


YELLOWNESS — Adjectives — Continued. 

Fallow.     Of  a  pale  brownish-yellow  color,  like  a  fallow  deer. 
Flavous.     Bright   yellow. 

Fulvous. }  Reddish  yellow. 


YELLOWNESS.      * 


1186 


YIELDING. 


YELLOWNESS— Adjectives— Continued. 


Gold-colored.     Yell«w,  of  the  color  of  gold. 
Golden.     Yellow,  of  a  color  resembling  gold. 
Jaundiced.     Made  sickly  yellow  by  the  jaundice. 
Lemon-colored.     Bright  yellow,  as  a  lemon. 
Luteous.     Of  a  muddy-yellow  color. 
Primrose-colored.     Of  a  pale  greenish -ye  How  color. 
Saffron-colored.     Of  a  deep  reddish-yellow  color. 
Sallow.     Of  an  unhealthy  yellowish  color. 
Straw-colored.     Pale  yellow,  like  straw. 


Sulfur-colored.     Pale  yellow,  like  sulfur. 

Tawny.     Brownish  yellow. 

Xanthic.     Of  a  predominantly  yellow  color. 

Xanthous.     Pertaining  to  the  yellow  type  of  mankind. 

Yellow.     Of  the  color  of  the  spectrum,  between  green  and  orange. 

Yellow  as  a  crow's  foot. ')  -c-         .-  r       ,  *  ■ 

Yellow  as  a  guinea.         L«f»»tro  expressions  for  degrees  of  yet 
v  ,.  .  1      iowness. 

Yellow  as  a  quince.         I 


yel'-lows.    Jealousy.    Pardon-Jealousy. 

yelp.    A  sharp  cry.    Cacophony,  Cry-Ululation. 

yeo'-man.  A  farmer.  Domestication-Agriculture, 
Male-Female;  yeoman  of  the  guard,  Belligerent. 

yeo'-man-ry.  A  home  guard  of  cavalry.  Belliger- 
ent. 

yerk.    To  jerk.    Impetus-Reaction. 

yes.  Just  so.  Assent-Dissent,  Assertion-Denial, 
Consent,  Readiness-Reluctance. 

yes'-ter-day.  The  day  preceding  to-day.  Future-Past; 
of  yesterday,  Novelty-Antiquity. 

yet.  Besides;  eventually;  heretofore.  Antecedence- 
Sequence,  Compensation,  Conventionality-Un- 
conventionality,  Duration-Neverness,  Future- 
Past,  Modification. 

yeux  doux  [F .]  (yudu).    Soft  eyes.    Blandishment. 

yeux  doux,  jaire  les  [F.]  (yu  du  far  le).  To  ogle. 
Blandishment. 

yew.    An  ornamental  tree.     Fauna-Flora. 

yield.  To  furnish  in  return;  to  give  up.  Consent, 
Giving,  Hardness-Softness,  Keeping-Relinqihsh- 
ment,  Outlay-Income,  Price,  Yielding;  yield 
one's  breath,  Life-Death;  yield  the  palm,  Selfre- 
spect  -  Humbleness,  Supremacy  -  Subordinacy; 
yield  to  despair,  Sanguineness  -  Hopelessness; 
yield  to  temptation,  Motive-Caprice;  yield  up  the 
ghost,  Life-Death. 

yield'-ance.    The  act  of  yielding.    Consent. 

yield'-ing.  Disposed  to  yield.  Consent,  Difficulty- 
Facility,  Hardness-Softness,  Yielding. 

YIELDING. 

Backdown.     A  yielding;  a  retraction. 

Capitulation.     A  yielding  to  an  enemy  upon  stipulated  terms. 

Cession.     The  yielding  of  possessions  to  another. 

Non-resistance.     Yielding  without  opposition. 

Obedience,    etc.     Habitual     yielding    to    superior    authority.     See 

Obedience. 
Resignation.     Habitual  yielding  to  circumstances  over  which  one 

has  no  control. 
Submission.     The  act  of  yielding  to  power  or  authority. 
Surrender.     The  act  of  yielding  to  another  because  of  his  superior 

force 
Yielding.     Giving  in  to  the  will  of  another- 

Yielding — Associated  Nouns. 

Courtesy.!  An  act  of   civility  or  reverence  made  by  a  dropping  of 
Curtsy.     >      the  body  with  a  bending  of  the  knees. 
Genuflection.     A  bending  of  the  knee. 
Homage.     Profession  of  fealty  to  a  sovereign- 
Kneeling.     A  bending  of  the  knees  in  submission. 
Kowtow.     A  Chinese  form  of  obeisance- 
Obeisance.     An  expression  of  deference  or  respect. 
Prostration.     The  act  of  bowing  in  humility. 

Yielding — Verbs. 
Avaler  les  couleuvres  [P.|.     To  put  up  with  mortifications. 
Beat  a  retreat.     To  give  the  signal  for  a  retreat. 
Be  at  one's  feet.     To  humbly  submit  to. 
Bend.     To   yield 
Bend  before  the  storm.     To  yield  to  circumstances  over  which  one 

has  no  control. 
Bend  down.     To  yield  entirely. 
Bend  the  knee.\  -      .  ., 
Bend  the  neck,  f  To  yield. 

Bend  to  one's  yoke.     To  submit  to  another's  control. 
Bite  the  dust.     To  submit  with  the  utmost  humility. 


To  acknowledge  oneself  beaten. 


Bow  submission.     Submit  with  obesiance. 

Bow  to.     To  submit  to. 

Capitulate.     To  surrender  on  certain  conditions. 

Cave  in.     To  yield  unexpectedly  from  lack  of  support. 

Cede.     Te  yield  the  control  of. 

Come  to  terms.     To  submit  to  a  compromise. 

Courtesy.     To  perform  an  act  of  respectful  submission. 

Craven.     To  cause  to  yield  in  a  cowardly  manner. 

Crouch  before.     To  submit  because  of  fear. 

Curtsy.     Courtesy. 

Deliver  up  one's  arms.     To  surrender. 

Draw  in  one's  horns.     To  give  in.     See  Selfrespect-Humbleness. 

Fat  hi      hi      '     1  T°  have  to  submit  in  a  very  humiliating  fashion. 

Eat  the  leek.     To  have  to  retract  slanderous  statements. 

Fall  on  one's  knees.     To  take  an  humble  and  suppliant  position. 

Give  ground.     To  yield  under  pressure. 

Give  in.     To  yield  to  a  just  demand. 

Give  up.     To  yield  as  hopeless. 

Give  way.     To  yield  to  superior  authority. 

Grin  and  abide.     To  submit  with  forced  cheerfulness. 

Gulp  down.     To  yield  to  with  aversion. 

Haul  down  one's  flag.     To  give  a  sign  of  submission. 

Kiss  the  rod.     To  submit  humbly  to  punishment. 

Kneel.     To  bend  the  knee  as  a  sign  of  submission. 

Kneel  to.     To  humbly  submit  to. 

Knock  under.     1 

Knuckle  down. 

Knuckle  to. 

Knuckle  under,  j 

Lay  down.     To  relinquish. 

Lick  the  dust.     To  submit  abjectly. 

Lower  one's  flag.     To  give  a  sign  of  submission. 

Make  a  virtue  of  necessity.  To  make  a  pretense  of  submitting 
voluntarily  when  one  has  to. 

Make  the  best  of.     To  submit  with  the  best  possible  grace. 

Obey,  etc.  To  submit  to  superior  authority.  See  Insubordina- 
tion-Obedience. 

Pay  homage  to.     To  submit  with  reverential  regard. 

Pocket  the  affront.     To  submit  to  an  insult  with  good  grace. 

Reel  back.     To  fall  back  as  a  sign  of  being  beaten. 

Resign.     To  yield  with  confidence. 

Resign  oneself.  To  submit  passively  to  circumstances  over  which 
one  has  no  control. 

Retreat.     To  retire  from  a  position  before  held. 

Shrug  the  shoulders.     To  submit  with  dissatisfaction. 

Strike  one's  colors.     To  lower  one's  colors  as  a  sign  of  surrender. 

Strike  one's  flag.     To  surrender. 

Submit.     To  yield  to  power  or  authority. 

Submit  with  good  grace.     To  submit  with  an  air  of  graciousness. 

Succumb.     To  yield  after  resisting. 

Suffer  judgment  by  default.  To  submit  to  accusations  without 
attempting  to  disprove  them. 

Surrender.     To  yield  to  another  because  of  his  superior  strength. 

Surrender  at  discretion.     To  surrender  unconditionally. 

Swallow  the  leek.     To  be  compelled  to  undergo  humiliation. 

Swallow  the  pill.     To  submit  to  something  unpleasant. 

Throw  oneself  at  the  feet  of.  To  submit  to  in  an  humble  and  sup- 
pliant manner. 

Truckle.     To  yield  in  an  obsequious  manner. 

Turn  the  other  cheek  to.  To  submit  to  personal  insults  without 
getting   offended. 

Yield.     To  give  in  to  the  will  of  another. 

Yielding — Adjectives. 

Down  on  one's  marrow-bones.     Extremely  humble. 

Downtrodden.      Unjustly  and  cruelly  oppressed. 

Humble.     Given  to  habitual  submission. 

Indefensible.     That  cannot  be  defended. 

Non-resisting.     Submitting  to  everything. 

On  one's  bending  knee.     Humble  and  suppliant. 

Pliant,  etc.     Submitting  easily.     See  Hardness-Soptne«s. 


YIELDING. 


1187 


/(j:«li-TIDE. 


Resigned.  Given  to  acquiescing  without  resistance. 
Submissive  Given  to  yielding  to  the  will  of  others. 
Surrendering,  etc.     See  Verbs. 

Undefended.     Having  no  means  of  protection  against  other*. 
Unresisting.     Yielding  without  the  slightest  opposition. 
Untenable.     That  cannot  be  upheld. 

Yielding — Phrases. 
Amen,  etc.     See  Assent. 

Da  locum  meHoribus  [L.||.  Give  place  to  your  better*. 
Have  its  own  way. 
It  cant  be  helped. 
Tempori  parendum  [L.).     One  must  yield  to  the  time*. 

yo"-ho\    Heed.    Heed-Disregard. 

yoicks.  To  urge  on  by  crying  "yoicks,"  Quest-Eva- 
sion. 

yoke.  A  bond  of  connection.  Connective,  Duality, 
Liberty-Subjection,  Union-Disunion;  rivet  the 
yoke,  Harshness-Mildness. 

yo'-kel.  A  countryman.  Adept-Bungler,  Gentility- 
Commonalty. 

yoke'-mate".  A  companion  under  the  yoke.  Matri- 
mony-Celibacy. 

yon.  lln    that   place.      Remoteness -Nearness, 

yon'-der.  I      Universality-Particularity. 

yolk.  T he  yellow  of  an  egg.    Nutriment-Excretion. 


yore.    Old  time.    Future-Past. 

York'-shire-maii.  A  native  of  Yorkshire.  Craft- 
Artlessness. 

you.  The  person,  animal,  or  thing  (as  personified)  ad- 
dressed. You  don't  say  so,  Astonishment-Expect- 
ance; you're  another,  Reprisal-Resistancf. 

young.  Pertaining  to  youth;  immature.  Infancy- 
Age,  Novelty-Antiquity.     Love-Hate. 

young'-er.   A  young  person.    Infancy-Age. 

young'-ster.   A  child.    Infant-Veteran. 

youn'-ker.   A  youngster.    Infant-Veteran. 

youth.  The  state  or  condition  of  being  young;  a  young 
man.  Infancy-Age,  Infant-Veteran,  Novelty- 
Antiquity,  Strength-Weakness. 

youth'-ful.   Pertaining  to  youth.   Infancy-Age. 

youth'-hood.  The  condition  of  being  young.  Infancy- 
Age. 

Yule.  Christmas-time.  Ceremonial,  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness, Periodicity-Irregularity. 

Yule  can'-dle.  Candle  burned  at  the  Yule  feast.  Por- 
tent. 

Yule  log.  Log  burned  Christmas  eve.  Entertain- 
ment-Weariness. 

Yule'-tide".  Christmas-time.  Periodicity-Irregu- 
larity. 


ZADKIEL. 


1188 


ZOOLOGY— BOTANY. 


Zad'-ki-el.    In  Jewish  lore,  an  angel.    Soothsayer. 

zaf'-fer.    Blue  pigment.    Blueness-Orange. 

Zam'-bo.  The  child  of  a  mulatto  and  a  negro,  or  an  In- 
dian and  a  negro.    Mixture-Homogeneity. 

zam-bom'-ba.  Spanish  instrument.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 

Zam'-i-el.    In  rabbinical  lore,  a  demon.    Angel-Satan. 

za'-ny.    A  buffoon;  a  fool.    Sage-Fool. 

zapatero  a  iu  zapato  [Sp.]  (tha-pa-ter'-o  a  tu  tha- 
pa'-to).  Shoemaker,  mind  thy  shoe.  Presumption- 
Obsequiousness. 

zarf .    Oriental  cup-holder.    Contents-Receiver. 

zeal.  Fervor.  Activity-Indolence,  Desire -Dis- 
taste, Determination- Vacillation,  Emotion. 

zeal'-ot.  One  who  is  full  of  zeal.  Activity-Indo- 
lence, Bigotry-Apostasy,  Determination-Vacil- 
lation. 

zeal'-ot-ry.  The  conduct  of  a  zealot.  Bigotry-Apos- 
tasy. 

zeal'-ous.   Fervent.    Activity-Indolence,  Emotion. 

ze'-bra.    An  ass-like  animal.    Variegation. 

ze'-bu.    Indian  ox.    Fauna-Flora. 

Zeitgeist  [G.]  (tsait'-gaist) .  The  spirit  of  the  times. 
Sign. 

zem-in'-dar.     An  East-Indian  landlord.     Holder. 

zem-in'-da-ry.  The  system  of  land  tenure  under  a  zem- 
indar.    Property. 

zen-a'-na.  East-Indian  harem.  Dweller-Habita- 
tion. 

Zend"-A-ves'-ta.  The  sacred  books  of  Zoroaster.  Rev- 
elation-Pseudorevelation. 

ze'-nith.  The  point  in  the  heavens  directly  overhead; 
the  culminating  point.  Astronomy,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Top-Bottom;  in  the  zenith,  Magnitude- 
Smallness,  Reputation-Discredit. 

zeph'-yr.    The  west  wind.    River-Wind. 

ze-ro.  A  cipher;  naught.  Plurality-Zero,  Sub- 
stance-Nullity. 

zest.  Agreeable  excitement  of  the  mind  accompanying 
exercise,  mental  or  physical.  Palatableness-Un- 
palatableness,  Pleasure-Pain. 

ze-tet'-ic.    A  seeker.    Investigation-Answer. 

zeug'-ma.    Figure  of  speech.    Rhetoric. 

Zeus.    Greek  god.    Jove-Fiend. 

zig'-zag".      Having  a  series  of  short  alternating  turns 


from  side  to  side.  Aim-Aberration,  Angularity, 
Embellishment-Disfigurement,  Midcourse-Cir-  \ 
cuit,  Parallelism-Inclination,  Vibration. 

Zim'-mer-mann.  A  Swiss  philosopher.  Disciple  of 
Zimmermann,  Sociability-Privacy. 

zinc.    An  element.    Chemistry. 

zinc'-ite.    Zinc  ore.    Chemistry. 

zinc'-o-graph.    An  etching  on  zinc.     Engraving. 

zinc-og'-ra-phy.  The  art  of  etching  on  zinc.  Engrav- 
ing. 

zinc-ol'-y-sis.    A  chemical  action.    Chemistry. 

Zin'-ga-ra.  Gipsy.  Gull-Deceiver,  Wayfarer-Sea- 
farer. 

Zinn'-i-a.    An  ornamental  flower.    Fauna-Flora. 

Zi'-on.  Church  of  Christ;  the  heavenly  Jerusalem. 
Heaven-Hell,  Orthodoxy-Heterodoxy. 

zir'-con.  A  mineral.  Embellishment-Disfigure- 
ment. 

zo'-cle.    A  pedestal.    Suspension-Support. 

zo'-di-ac.  An  imaginary  belt  encircling  the  heavens. 
Astronomy,  Outline,  Universe. 

zo-di'-a-cal.    Pertaining  to  the  zodiac.    Astronomy. 

zo-di'-a-cal  light.  A  disk  of  faint  light  surrounding  the 
sun.    Luminary-Shade. 

zoe  mou,  sas  agapo  [Gr.]  (zo'-e  mu,  sas  ag-a-po').  My 
life,  I  love  thee.    Blandishment,  Love-Hate. 

Zo'-i-lus.    A  Greek  critic.    Flatterer-Defamer. 

zoll'-ver-ein".  A  union  of  German  states.  Associa- 
tion, Contract. 

zonam  perdidit  [L.]  (zo'-nam  per'-di-dit).  He  has  lost 
his  purse.    Affluence-Penury. 

zone,  A  belt  or  area  delimited  from  others.  Circle- 
Winding,  Extension- District,  Lamina -Fiber, 
Outline. 

zo-og'-ra-phy.  The  branch  of  zoology  that  describes 
animals.    Zoology-Botany. 

zo"-o-hy-gi-an'-tics.  The  science  of  medicine  for 
animals.     Domestication- Agriculture. 

zo-ol'-a-try.    Animal  worship.    Devotion-Idolatry. 

zo"-o-log'-ic-al.  Pertaining  to  zoology.  Fauna-Flo- 
ra; zoological  garden,  Domestication- Agricul- 
ture. 

zo-ol'-o-gist.  A  specialist  in  zoology.   Fauna-Flora. 

zo-ol'-o-gy.  The  science  which  treats  of  animals.  Or- 
ganization-Inorganization,  Zoology-Botany. 


ZOOLOGY— BOTANY. 


Anatomy.     The  science  treating  of  the  structure  and  organization 

of  living  things. 
Animal  physiology.     The  science  treating  of  the  vital  functions  of 

animals. 
Anthropology.     The  science  of  man  in  general. 
Comparative  anatomy.     The  science  comparing  the  structure  and 

organization  of  one  living  thing  with  another  or  others. 
Comparative  physiology.     The  science  comparing  the  vital  functions 

of  one  animal  with  those  of  another  or  of  others. 
Entomology.     That  branch  of  zoology  that  treats  of  insects. 
Entomotomy.     That  branch  of  anatomy  that  treats  of  insects. 
Belminthology.     That  branch  of  zoology  that  treats  of  worms. 
Helminthotomy.     That  branch  of  anatomy  that  treats  of  worms. 
Herpetology.     That  branch  of  zoology  that  treats  of  reptiles  and 

amphibians. 
Herpetotomy.     That  branch  of  anatomy  that  treats  of  reptiles  and 

amphibians. 
Ichthyology.     That  branch  of  zoology  that  treats  of  fishes. 


Algology.     The  branch  of  botany  that  treats  of  sea-weeds. 
Botany.     The  science  of  the  structure  and  functions  of  plant*. 
Dendrology.     The  branch  of  botany  that  treats  of  trees. 
Fungology.     The  branch  of  botany  that  treats  of  fungi. 
Mycology.     The  science  of  fungi. 
Phytography.     Descriptive  botany. 
Phytology.     See  Botany. 
Phytotomy.     Vegetable  anatomy. 

Botany — Associated  Nouns. 

Botanic  garden,  etc.     A  place  where  plants  are  grown.    See  Domes. 

tication-Agriculture. 
Flora.     The  goddess  of  flowers  •  flowers. 
Herbarium.     A  collection  of  pressed  plants  arranged  for  scientific 

study. 
Hortus  siccus  [L.].     A  dry  garden;  a  herbarium. 
Pomona.     The  goddess  of  fruits;  fruits. 


ZOOLOGY.  1189  ZYMOTIC 

ZOOLOGY— BOTANY— Continued. 

Ichthyotomy.     The  branch  of  anatomy  that  treats  of  fishes.  Botany — Nouns  of  Agent. 

Malacology.     The  branch  of  zoology  that  treats  of  mollusks.  ,,  aj**.  m 

Malacotomy.     The  branch  of  anatomy  that  treats  of  mollusks.  S0""",?'' etc-    A  student  of  botany.     See  Nouns. 

Morphology.     The  science  treating  of  the  form  and  structure  of  am-       5*™5£:  St"dy      P18"145- 

mals  and  plants.  S^??5    {  .  . 

Ophiology.     The  branch  of  herpetology  that  treats  of  serpents.  5    h     °      I      herbalist. 

Ophiotomy.     The  branch  of  anatomy  that  treats  of  serpents.  iieroonst.; 

Ornithology.     The  branch  of  zoology  that  treats  of  birds.  «  i/~l, 

Ornithotomy.     The  branch  of  anatomy  that  treats  of  birds.  hotany      veros. 

Oryctology.     The  study  of  skeletons  and  fossils  dug  out  of  the  earth.         Botanize      To  study  plant  life 
Paleontology.     The  science  of  fossils  found  in  the  crust  of  the  earth.  Herborize.     To  search  for  plants. 

Taxidermy.     The  art  of  preparing  and  preserving  the  skins  of  animals 

so  that  the  shape  and  appearance  of  the  animal  may  be  repre-  Botany Adjectives. 

sented. 
Zoography.     A  description  of  animals  with  their  forms  and  habits.  Botanical,  etc.     Pertaining  to  botany.     See  Nouns 

Zoology.     The  science  of  the  structure  and  functions  of  all  animals.  

Zoonomy.     The  science  of  the  laws  of  animal  life  as  distinguished 

from  those  of  vegetable  life.  ___-  _„,.     _       .        . 

Zootomy.     The  dissection  of  animals.  ZOOLOGY— Continued. 

Zoology — Nouns  of  Agent.  Zoology — Adjectives. 

Zoologist,  etc.     A  student  of  zoology.     See  Nouns.  Zoological,  etc.     Pertaining  to  zoology.     See  Nouns. 

zo-on'-o-my.    The  laws  of  animal  life.     Zoology-Bot-      Zou-ave'.   A  light-armed  French  infantryman.  Bellig- 

ANY.  ERENT. 

zo-oph'-o-rus.     A  frieze  with  figures  of  animals  carved  zounds.    God's  wounds:  a  corruption  used  as  an  excla- 

upon  it.    Top-Bottom.  mation.       Astonishment-Expectance,  Favorite* 

zo'-o-phyte.     An  animal  forming  branching  or  tree-like  Anger. 

colonies.    Fauna-Flora.  Zu'-lu.     South-African  savage.     Gentility -Common- 

zo"-o-thap'-sis.    Premature  burial.    Life-Funeral.  altv,   Benefactor-Evildoer,  Turbulence-Calm- 

zo-ot'-o-my.      The  dissection  of  animals.      Zoology-  ness. 

Botany.  zy-mot'-ic.   Morbific  fermentation.   Health-Sickness,. 

Zo"-ro-as'-ter.     One  of  the  great  religious  teachers  of  Healthiness-Unhealthiness. 

the  East.    Revelation-Pseudorevelation. 


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Specimen  Page  of  Corrected  Proof. 


A* 


The  Evolution  of  Language.  <•«  C« 

L  Written  language   began  with  pj^ures,  the  earliest  examples  c/   *■ 

of  which  are  believed  to  be  Egyptian,  though  all  primitive  nations*  <Q £J,„ 
employed  them/?  put  pictures  were  found  to  be  useful  for  commu- 


;/  w/  nicating  general  ideas  only/  ij  being  impossible  to  describe  things,        Xoyyv. 

/V/     "6t-       or  to  coney  specific  infromation  by  mere  symbols.      The  next/  stepA       <&      if 
vnrf'"'       therefore,  in  the"ex/olution'/of  written'signs,  was  t^e  invention  of  J     X      J 


9  /              characters  that  represented  words  in  their  relationships  to  specie  ?      ^v 

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~tf              characters  in  combination  that  permitted  of  their  use  to  form  ay  /n/ 

thought  which  the  writer  desiredto  communicate.  •jjfr 

Q               /Jne  evolution  of  written  language,  from  the  earliestyjbrm  of  the  jvCtto^jC*£  / 
M          /Egyptian  hieroglyphic,  to  the  Phoenician  sound-characters,  is  ad- 

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Tl   */           /hcenician  alphabet  that  the  /nglish   letters  were  borrowed,  [im-  ev^AAx^vu 

proved,  of  course,  through   successive  centuries,  just  asvvefihd  Jfcc/  \ 

X    Atbt          improvements,   and  changes  ^  **J^«7  "'within    our  own   remem-  ^ 

brance,  and  changes  scarcely  less  marked  no  doubt  will  cotPtinue  C/ 

^i'Jt        S?  ^e  mac*e  throughout  all  the  centuries  fo  come.  ^A  succinct  his-  ijl      iJL 

'Tory  of  the  inscriptions  printed  on  «a  each  of  the  plates  here  shown  *(      (? 

***               js.  appended,  together  with  ''their  decipherments  as  rendreed  by  the  "th>. 
"             greatest  scholgrs  of  the  age,«^ 

•Wot/                      wThese  examples  are^most  pronounced  successive  steps  in  the  °c^of^^ 

development  of  written  language  by  ancient   nations/  Egyptian,  './ 

C/              Assyrian,  Hittite  /Arabian),  Ph^nician.  O^if 


Characters  Used  in   Proof-reading. 

L     Bring  word  to  the  line  thus  indicated.  9     Turn  a  reversed  letter. 

■*►    Increase  the  space  between  lines  or  words.  Vtf.  (wrong  font).    Indicates  a  wrong  style  or  size  letter. 

/\     Add  the  letter  marked  on  the  margin.  //      Straighten  the  line. 

*     An  imperfect  letter.  X-C  Substitute  lower  case  (small  letters). 

A  £4,  Take  out  a  lead.  ZZ      Indicates  that  letter  or  word  is  out  of  line. 

©      Insert  a  period.  S      Placed  under  a  letter  shows  that  it  is  to  be  a  capital. 

•L     Indicates  a  type  set  on  the  wrong  end.  Qotft   Indent. 

O      Beginning  of  a  new  sentence  (after  a  period).  U       Overrun  the  line. 

JJ      Use  a  capital  B.  IT     Make  a  new  paragraph. 

*    Equalize  the  space  between  words.  C«twV  ^ee  coPy  'or  wor<*s  omitted. 

O     Less  space,  or  no  space.  (?       Query :    Is  this  right  ? 

«—    Change    according  to  the  mark  in  the  margin,  either  CO    Transpose  words. 

from  Roman  to  Italics,  or  from  Italics  to  Roman.  .  ±.  j.    „     .  .   -_  ,  ,     , 

'  ■  -AtHX.    Restore  words  or  letters  wrongly  marked  out. 


"tit.    Transpose  words  or  letters. 

•o       Take  out  a  word,  letter,  or  punctuation  mark. 

•'•^    Attention  called  to  bad  spacing. 


y4.C.   Use  small  capitals. 
L  cki  J    Carry  a  word  or  letter  farther  to  the  left  or  right: 


OUR  ENGLISH   SPEECH 


A  STUDY   OF   ITS 


ORIGIN,   HISTORY,    ROOTS    AND    DERIVATIONS,    FORMS 
AND   RELATIONS,  SPELLINGS  AND  SPELLING 

REFORMS,  Etc. 


SUBJECTS  TREATED 


Pages 
History  of  the  English  Language 3-    8 

The  Building  of  English  Words 9-  13 

Word  Roots  and  Derivations 14-  19 

Forms  and  Relations  of  English  Speech 20-  31 

English  Composition 32-  37 

Punctuation  of  English 38-  39 

Wrong  Uses  of  Words  and  Expressions 40-43 

Word  Abbreviations 44-  53 

Words  Used  in  Business 54-  57 

Law  Words  and  Legal  Meanings 58-  59 

Male  and  Female  Christian  Names — Origin  and  Significance  of 60-64 

Notable  American  Sobriquets 65-  71 

Spellings  of  English  Words 72-  73 

Comparative  Views  of  Disputed  Spellings 74-  79 

Simplifications  in  Spelling 80-  88 

Words  Pronounced  Alike  but  of  Different  Meanings 89-  91 

The  Reformed  Spelling  Campaign 92-102 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ENGLISH  LANGUAGE. 


ORIGIN  OF  THE  LANGUAGE. 

The  English  language  is  the  speech  spoken 
by  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  in  England,  the  larger 
parts  of  Scotland  and  Ireland,  the  United 
States,  Canada,  Australia,  New  Zealand,  South 
Africa  and  in  many  other  parts  of  the  world. 
It  is  the  language  of  perhaps  one  hundred  and 
thirty  million  people,  and  the  number  is  rapid- 
ly growing. 

Original  British  Language. — The  original 
language  of  Great  Britain,  Ireland  and  parts  of 
France  belonged  to  the  Celtic  group,  and  it  is 
still  spoken  in  Wales,  Brittany  (France),  the 
Scottish  Highlands,  and  Western  Ireland.  This 
Celtic  speech  has,  in  the  course  of  time,  con- 
tributed some  of  its  words  to  the  English 
language. 

Family  of  English  Speech. — English  speech, 
as  we  now  know  it,  belongs  to  that  great  fam- 
ily of  languages  which  was  spoken  by  the 
Aryan  race,  or  races.  This  race  originally  in- 
habited the  high  table  lands  of  Asia  lying  north 
of  the  western  range  of  the  Himalaya  Moun- 
tains. Thence  it  spread  to  the  South  and  West, 
peopling  many  countries,  and  becoming  the 
source  of  the  languages  now  spoken  in  India, 
Persia,  Greece,  Italy,  France,  Spain,  Germany, 
Scandinavia,  Russia,  as  well. as  of  the  English 
language.  All  these  languages,  because  of 
certain  root  and  other  philological  similarities 
to  that  of  the  Aryan  tongue,  are  said  to  belong 
to  the  Aryan  family  of  languages;  or,  as  it  is 
oftener  called,  to  the  Indo-European  family 
of  languages. 

Group  of  English  Speech. — The  Indo-Eu- 
ropean, or  Aryan,  family  of  languages  consists 
of  several  groups  or  divisions.  One  of  these 
groups  is  named  the  Teutonic  group  because 
it  is  spoken  by  the  Teutonic  or  German  race 
or  races,  found  in  central  Europe  (Germany), 
Holland,  Belgium,  Denmark,  Norway,  Sweden, 
Iceland,  England,  Scotland,  etc.  It  was  in  the 
year  449  that  a  little  branch  of  this  Teutonic 
group,  consisting  of  a  rough,  guttural  speech 
of  some  two  thousand  words,  crossed  over 
from  the  northwest  corner  of  the  continent  of 
Europe  to  the  British  Isle,  being  carried  by 
the  Jutes,  Angles  and  Saxons,  who  came  to 

(Si 


both  aid  and  conquer  the  Britons  or  Celts,  as 
well  as  to  confer  on  them  a  new  speech — the 
Anglo-Saxon. 

Branches  of  Teutonic. — The  Teutonic  Group 
of  languages  is  divided  into  three  branches, 
viz,  German  or  High  German,  spoken  in  Ger- 
many proper  and  part  of  Austria ;  Dutch  or 
Low  German,  spoken  in  Holland  and  generally 
in  the  low  countries  about  the  mouths  of  the 
rivers  that  empty  into  the  Baltic  and  North 
Sea ;  Scandinavian,  spoken  in  Denmark,  Nor- 
way, Sweden  and  Iceland. 

Dutch  or  Low  German  Branch. — The  Eng- 
lish tongue  sprang  out  of  and  belongs  to  the 
second  of  the  above  branches — the  Dutch  or 
Low  German  branch.  It  was  a  mere  dialect — 
and  a  crude  one  at  that — of  this  branch,  when 
it  crossed  the  German  Ocean,  invaded  Britain, 
and  imparted  its  name,  Angla-land,  England, 
to  the  island. 

Birth  of  English. — The  Jutes  came  over  to 
Britain  from  Juteland  (Jutland)  and  settled  in 
the  Isle  of  Wight  and  Kent.  The  Saxons  came 
over  and  settled  in  Southern  and  Western 
Britain,  in  four  little  kingdoms,  which  are  now 
so  many  counties  bearing  their  ancient  names, 
viz.,  Wessex,  or  West  Saxons;  Essex,  or  East 
Saxons ;  Middlesex  or  Middle  Saxons ;  Sussex 
or  Southern  Saxons. 

The  Angles  came  over  and  settled  mostly  on 
the  east  coast,  calling  their  kingdom  East 
Anglia,  and  dividing  it  into  North  Folk  (Nor- 
folk) and  South  Folk  (Suffolk).  Each  of  these 
three  tribes  or  sets  of  Teutons  brought  its  own 
Low  German  dialect  along,  and  each  dialect 
differed  in  many  respects  from  the  others;  but, 
notwithstanding  this,  each  found  a  congenial 
soil  and  took  root,  to  grow  and  be  blended  in 
the  course  of  a  few  hundred  years  into  the 
vigorous  and  beautiful  English  speech. 

Periods  of  English. — Students  of  the  English 
language  divide  its  growth  into  periods.  We 
prefer  the  division  made  by  Mr.  J.  M.  D. 
Meiklejohn,  Professor  of  the  Theory,  History 
and  Practice  of  Education  in  the  University 
of  St.  Andrews,  Scotland,  in  his  excellent  work 
entitled  "The  English  Language :  Its  Grammar, 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


History  and  Literature."    He  divides  and  treats 
She  periods,  in  substance,  as  follows: 

I.  Ancient  English  or  Anglo-Saxon,  449- 

1100. 

II.  Early  English,  1 100-1250. 

III.  Middle  English,  1250-1485. 

IV.  Tudor  English,   1485-1603. 

V.  Modern  English,  1603-present  time. 

As  the  changes  in  language  are  as  gradual 
and  imperceptible  as  the  growth  of  a  tree,  so 
the  above  periods  shade  off  into  each  other  in  a 
slow  and  gentle  way. 

Ancient  English  or  Anglo-Saxon. — This 
form  of  English  speech  (450-1100)  differed 
almost  entirely  from  modern  English,  in  that 
it  was  a  highly  inflexional  speech,  having  five 
cases  for  nouns,  and  several  declensions ;  three 
genders;  dual  and  plural  numbers;  a  much 
larger  number  of  inflexions  for  verbs ;  very  few 
foreign  words ;  and  an  alliterative  poetry  with- 
out end-rhyme.  Caedmon  and  King  Alfred 
were  writers  who  belonged  to  this  Anglo- 
Saxon  period. 

Early  English. — This  period  (1 100-1250) 
was  characterized  by  the  Norman-French  in- 
vasion of  England  (1066),  which  introduced  a 
new  people,  language  and  institutions.  The 
Anglo-Saxon  language  ceased  to  be  written 
in  books,  and  Norman-French  became  the  lan- 
guage of  law,  the  court  and  polite  society.  But 
the  Anglo-Saxons  and  those  of  their  lineage 
continued  to  speak  their  own  language,  intro- 
ducing into  it,  of  course,  many  Norman  words, 
and  gradually  dropping  the  inflexions  as  of 
less  and  less  use.  Two  books,  written  but  not 
printed,  belong  to  this  period,  one  called  the 
"Ormulum,"  by  Orm;  the  other,  the  "Brut,"  or 
"Story  of  Brutus,"  by  a  monk  named  Lawe- 
man. 

Middle  English. — During  this  period  (1250- 
1485)  nouns,  adjectives  and  verbs  lost  nearly 
all  their  inflexions,  and  the  newly  introduced 
verbs  assumed  the  weak,  or  regular  conjuga- 
tion. Even  the  common  people  tried  to  speak 
Norman-French,  and  the  drift  was  in  the  direc- 
tion of  accepting  that  speech  as  the  popular 
(one.  But  this  was  checked  by  an  Act  of  Parlia- 
ment (1362)  permitting  English  to  be  used  in- 
stead of  Norman-French.  Moreover,  poets 
arose,  such  as  Chaucer,  who  wrote  in  the  Eng- 
lish of  the  time ;  and  toward  the  end  of  the 
period  appeared  John  Wyclif's  translation  of 
the  Bible  in  the  popular  tongue.     . 

Tudor  English. — During  this  period  (1485- 
1603)  the  inflexional  endings  disappeared  en- 
tirely.    Wenten  became  went,  and  hopen  be- 


came hope.  Under  the  Tudor  kings  a  new 
and  wide  interest  was  taken  in  the  study  of 
foreign  languages — Greek,  Latin,  Italian,  etc. — 
and  the  English  was  enriched  by  the  introduc- 
tion of  many  foreign  words,  especially  from 
Latin  sources.  This  "Revival  of  Letters,"  as 
it  is  called  in  history,  encouraged  to  copious 
speaking  and  writing  of  an  English  of  great 
strength  and  comparative  purity,  and  we  find 
among  the  great  authors  of  the  time  such  poets 
as  Spencer  and  Shakespeare,  and  such  prose 
writers  as  Bacon  and  Hooker. 

Modern  English. — During  this  period  (1603- 
present  time)  the  grammar  of  the  English  lan- 
guage has  undergone  but  little  change,  but 
there  has  been  a  continual  enrichment  of  the 
vocabulary  by  the  inflow  of  new  words,  either 
invented  or  adopted,  for  the  purpose  of  ex- 
pressing new  ideas,  and  to  meet  the  wants  of 
a  people  rapidly  expanding  its  thoughts  and 
energies  throughout  the  entire  world.  During 
this  period  the  English  language  crossed  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  westward,  to  become  the 
speech,  already,  of  over  80,000,000  people.  It 
has  become  the  language  of  the  South  Pacific 
continent,  of  Cape  Colony  in  Africa,  and  of 
official  India.  Its  strength  and  beauty  for 
prose  and  poetry,  art  and  science,  industry  and 
commerce,  society  and  the  emotions,  are  uni- 
versally recognized. 

THE  FOREIGN  ELEMENTS  IN 
ENGLISH. 

The  Celtic  Element. — As  has  been  seen, 
when  the  Saxons,  Angles,  and  Jutes  came 
over  to  Britain  in  the  fifth  century,  bringing 
along  their  Teutonic  or  Anglo-Saxon  speech, 
and  overcoming  and  ousting  the  native  Britons 
or  Celts,  or  mingling  with  them  as  their  su- 
periors, the  Celtic,  or  native  British,  language 
also  yielded  ground,  but  not  without  contribut- 
ing many  of  its  words  to  the  spare  and  rough 
vocabulary  of  the  Anglo-Saxons.  From  the 
character  of  some  of  these  words  it  would  seem 
as  if  the  Teuton  adventurers  or  conquerors 
must  have  found  wives  or  domestics  among  the 
native  Celts,  for  of  such  contributed  words  we 
find  many  denoting  the  home  or  domestic 
estate,  such  as  breeches,  clout,  crock,  cradle, 
darn,  mop,  pillow,  mattock,  etc.  Again,  the 
Anglo-Saxon  speech  accepted  as  part  of  itself 
most  of  the  Celtic  names  for  the  rivers,  moun- 
tains, lakes  and  hills  of  Britain. 

Thus  much  for  the  direct  and  at-home  contri- 
bution of  the  Celtic  to  the  Anglo-Saxon  speech. 
But  the  Scotch,  also  Celtic,  has  also,  at  one 
time  or  another,  made  frequent  contributions 
to  the  English  speech,  in  the  shape  of  clan, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ENGLISH  LANGUAGE. 


lult,  plaid,  slogan,  etc.;  and  Celtic  Ireland  has 
contributed  shamrock,  gag,  log,  brogue,  etc. 

The  Celtic  language  made  perhaps  a  still 
larger  contribution  to  the  English  at  a  later 
period,  and  indirectly  through  the  Normans 
who  conquered  England  in  1066.  These  Nor- 
mans, or  Northmen,  were  originally  Scandi- 
navians— principally  Danes — who,  in  the  tenth 
century  roved  piratically  southward  and 
wrested  that  Celtic  section  of  France  which 
they  called  Normandy  from  the  French  king. 
Here  they  settled  permanently,  mingling  with 
and  absorbing  the  native  Celts  and  resident 
Gauls  and  French,  breeding  a  new,  mixed  and 
modified  language  called  Norman-French.  Of 
course  this  language  was  largely  impregnated 
with  Celtic  words,  and  these  words  the  Nor- 
mans carried  with  them  to  England  at  the  time 
of  the  invasion  in  1066.  There  they  readily 
became  a  part  of  the  speech  of  the  common 
people,  or  English.  Among  them  are  such 
words  as  bag,  barter,  barrel,  basin,  basket, 
bucket,  bonnet,  button,  cart,  dagger,  gown, 
mitten,  vassal,  wicket,  etc. 

The  Scandinavian  Element. — The  same  sea- 
roving  and  free-booting  Scandinavians,  called 
Northmen,  Norsemen  or  Normans,  but  gener- 
ally Danes,  who,  as  we  have  just  seen,  invaded 
Normandy,  in  France,  in  the  tenth  century  and 
afterwards  England,  in  1066,  had  long  previ- 
ously, in  the  year  787,  swept  down  upon  the 
coasts  of  Britain,  and  obtained  a  permanent 
foothold,  so  permanent  indeed  as  that,  from 
1016  to  1042,  Danish  kings  sat  on  the  English 
throne.  These  Danes  being  Teutons,  brought 
along  a  German  dialect  akin  to  that  of  the 
Anglo-Saxons,  or  the  then  existing  English, 
and,  of  course,  the  latter  readily  and  easily  bor- 
rowed from  the  former.  Thus,  the  Danish  ele- 
ment enriched  English  by  such  words  as  cake, 
call,  crop,  curl,  cut,  dairy,  din,  droop,  flit, 
hustings,  ill,  kindle,  plow,  root,  scold,  sky,  etc. 
The  word  "are"  was  not  in  the  English  until 
the  coming  of  the  Danes,  and  they  introduced 
"to"  as  the  sign  of  the  infinitive  mood. 

The  Latin  Element. — The  Romans  (Latins) 
held  Britain  from  A.  D.  43  to  A.  D.  410,  chiefly 
through  garrisons.  Their  contact  was  with  the 
original  Britons  (Celts),  and  consequently  the 
Roman  or  Latin  language  of  that  era  could  not 
bear  directly  on  the  subsequent  Anglo-Saxon 
or  English  speech.  Yet  six  important  words  of 
Latin  origin,  and  due  to  that  period,  are  found 
in  English.  These  words  are  castra,  a  camp, 
as  in  Land-castra  (Lancaster),  Man-castra 
(Manchester)  ;  strata,  a  paved  road,  our  street; 
colonia,  a  settlement,  our  colony;  fossa,  a 
trench,  as  in  Fossway,  Fossbrooke;  portus,  a 


harbor,  our  port;  vallum,  a  rampart,  our  wall 
and  bailiff. 

Christian  Latin. — But  there  came  a  time 
when  the  English  language  was  to  be  more 
fully  and  directly  enriched  by  the  Latin.  In 
596,  Pope  Gregory,  in  his  zeal  for  the  conver- 
sion of  the  Britons,  sent  to  the  island  the  cele- 
brated missionary,  Augustine,  and  forty  monks. 
They  met  with  great  success,  and,  as  a  matter 
of  course,  the  English  speech  as  it  then  existed 
readily  absorbed  numerous  Latin  words  con- 
nected with  the  church  services,  government, 
and  formalities.  These  words  were  received  in 
the  crude  form  of  the  speech  of  the  time,  but 
have  been  gradually  refined  into  apostle, bishop, 
cup,  clerk,  monk,  presbyter,  preach,  alms,  rule, 
etc.  Not  only  this,  but  Christianity  intro- 
duced the  English  people  to  the  outside  world, 
engaged  them  in  travel  and  commerce,  making 
necessary  new  words  for  communication  and 
providing  opportunity  for  their  introduction. 
While  not  all  were  Latin  words,  they  came 
mostly  through  Latin  sources,  or  the  commer- 
cial sources  of  the  time.  Among  them  may 
be  instanced  butter,  cheese,  fig,  pear,  peach, 
lettuce,  pepper,  camel,  lion,  elephant,  oyster, 
pound,  ounce,  candle,  table,  marble,  mint,  etc. 

Norman-French. — We  have  already  men- 
tioned the  Norman  invasion  of  England  in 
1066.  They  brought  along  their  language,  the 
Norman-French,  classed  as  a  Latin  tongue. 
This  language  became  the  language  of  law,  re- 
ligion, court,  college,  nobility  and  books.  It 
may  have  been  a  battle  between  Norman- 
French  and  crude  English  at  first,  but  when 
the  Normans  lost  their  own  country  (Nor- 
mandy) in  1204,  those  in  England  began  to 
accommodate  themselves  to  the  English 
speech,  and  the  English  began  to  affect  more 
and  more  the  Norman  speech  and  ways.  Thus 
a  happy  and  rapid  blending  of  the  two  lan- 
guages went  on  for  a.  period  of  considerably 
over  two  hundred  years  with  the  result  that 
when  the  poet  Chaucer  produced  his  Canter- 
bury Tales  in  poetry  and  in  the  English  of  the 
time  (1384-98),  they  could  be  read  by  both 
Norman  baron  and  Saxon  yeoman.  The  Nor- 
mans were  used  to  war.  Therefore  we  may 
guess  that  many  words  which  came  into  Eng- 
lish from  the  Norman-French  would  savor  of 
war.  So,  we  find  arms,  armor,  assault,  battle, 
captain,  chivalry,  lance,  standard,  trumpet, 
mail,  visor,  etc.  Again,  the  Norman  nobility 
became  the  barons  of  the  king,  under  the  opera- 
tion of  the  feudal  system  which  they  intro- 
duced into  England.  Therefore,  as  was  to  be 
expected,  they  contributed  many  words  to  the 
English  speech  relating  to  feudalism.    Among 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


such  words  are  homage,  fealty,  esquire,  vas- 
sal, herald,  escutcheon,  etc.  Further,  the  Nor- 
mans were  fond  of  hunting;  hence  such  words 
relating  to  the  chase,  as  chase,  brace,  course, 
covert,  copse,  forest,  quarry,  venison,  etc.  They 
introduced  into  England  their  own  system  of 
laws  and  courts  and,  therefore,  into  the  English 
speech  such  legal  words  as  assize,  attorney, 
court,  judge,  justice,  plaintiff,  sue,  summons, 
trespass,  etc.  We  must  also  add  to  these  a 
long  series  of  abstract  terms  of  Norman-French 
origin,  such  as  realm,  state,  constitution,  peo- 
ple, treaty,  army,  navy,  etc.  While  all  these 
contributions  were  being  made  and  accepted, 
the  English  language  was  firmly  retaining,  in 
modified  forms,  its  original  words  relating  to 
agriculture,  as  plow,  harrow,  flail,  etc. ;  those 
relating  to  seafaring,  as  ship,  boat,  hull,  fleet, 
oar,  sail,  etc. ;  those  appertaining  to  the  human 
body,  as  eye,  nose,  cheek,  tongue,  hand,  foot, 
etc.;  those  denoting  specific  actions,  as  leap, 
spring,  slip,  slide,  walk,  fall,  run,  swim,  ride, 
creep,  crawl,  fly,  etc. 

Synonyms. — This  blending  of  languages, 
this  gradual  making  of  one  speech  out  of  two, 
gave  rise  to  a  striking  phenomenon.  When  a 
Norman  tried  to  use  an  English  word  he  would 
compare  it  with,  or  associate  it  with,  or  put  it 
along  side  of,  the  same  word  in  his  own  lan- 
guage. When  the  Englishman  tried  to  use  a 
Norman  word,  he  would  associate  it  with  the 
English  equivalent.  This  gave  rise  to  a  bi- 
lingual, or  double-worded,  condition  of  the 
language,  as  seen  in  its  synonyms — for  in- 
stance, will  and  testament,  act  and  deed,  aid 
and  abet,  acknowledge  and  confess,  meet  and 
assemble,  cloak  and  dissemble,  humble  and 
lowly. 

The  Revival  of  Learning. — The  greatest  en- 
richment of  the  English  speech  from  classical 
Latin  sources,  and  we  may  say  from  Greek 
sources  as  well,  took  place  soon  after  the  cap- 
ture of  Constantinople  (1453)  by  the  Turks. 
This  event  caused  an  exodus  of  learned  men 
to  all  parts  of  Europe.  They  became  teachers 
of  Greek  and  Latin  in  Italy,  Germany,  France, 
England  and  elsewhere.  With  them  came  a 
host  of  Latin  and  Greek  words — especially  the 
former — which  were  forced  into  English  with 
very  little  change  of  form,  among  them  being 
opinion,  faction,  oration,  pungent,  etc.  They 
came  in  such  numbers  as  to  lead  to  a  pompous 
and  affected  speech,  and  to  the  comment  by 
Sir  Thomas  Browne  (1605-82),  "that  if  English 
pens  maintain  that  stream  (of  words)  we  have 
of  late  observed  flow  from  many,  we  shall, 
within  a  few  years,  be  fain  to  learn  Latin  to 
understand  English."     But  at  length  the  lan- 


guage became  so  saturated  with  these  new  and 
purely  Latin  words  that  a  revolt  came,  and  the 
best  writers  returned  to  a  less  ostentatious  and 
affected  English. 

Spanish  Element. — After  the  discovery  of 
America  (1492)  and  the  consequent  impetus 
given  to  ocean  commerce,  the  English  and 
Spanish  peoples  and  languages  came  into  closer 
contact,  and  the  former  speech  was  enriched 
by  many  contributions  from  the  latter;  the 
English  language,  as  has  been  observed,  being 
ever  on  the  alert  to  increase  its  vocabulary  by 
what  it  finds  good  and  needful  in  other  lan- 
guages. Among  the  Spanish  words  thus  ab- 
sorbed by  English — some  of  them  with  very 
little  change  of  form — are  armada,  alligator, 
barricade,  buffalo,  cargo,  cigar,  cork,  creole, 
eldorado,  fillibuster,  indigo,  merino,  mosquito, 
mulatto,  negro,  tornado,  vanilla,  etc. 

Italian  Element. — The  Italian  language  has 
for  many  centuries  been  a  liberal  and  useful 
contributor  to  the  English,  especially  along  the 
lines  of  literature  and  art.  Thus,  we  have  bor- 
rowed from  the  Italian  the  poetical  terms, 
canto,  sonnet,  stanza;  the  musical  terms,  piano, 
opera,  oratorio,  soprano,  alto;  the  architectural 
terms,  portico,  cupola,  piazza ;  and  many  others 
of  general  tenor,  as  bandit,  burlesque,  cascade, 
charlatan,  ditto,  folio,  gondola,  grotto,  in- 
fluenza, malaria,  pantaloon,  ruffian,  umbrella, 
volcano,  etc. 

Dutch  Element. — The  Dutch  and  English 
languages  being  akin — both  Teutonic — and 
England  and  the  Netherlands  being  close  to- 
gether geographically  and  commercially,  it 
would  seem  as  if  words  from  the  Dutch  should 
abound  in  English.  But  this  is  not  the  case. 
Yet  some  very  expressive  words  of  Dutch 
origin  are  found,  relating  mostly  to  seafaring. 
Among  these  may  be  mentioned,  ballast,  boom, 
boor,  luff,  reef,  skates,  skipper,  sloop,  smuggle, 
yacht,  yawl,  etc. 

French  Element. — We  have  already  seen 
how  largely  the  Norman-French  element  has 
blended  with  the  English  language.  But  En- 
glish has  drawn  directly  on  the  French  lan- 
guage, from  time  to  time,  for  a  great  number  of 
expressive  words,  which  it  has  assimilated 
with  very  little  change  of  form  or  pronuncia- 
tion. They  relate  for  the  most  part  to  manners 
and  customs  and  to  inventions  and  discoveries. 
Among  them  may  be  mentioned  such  words 
as  aide-de-camp,  belle,  bivouac;  blonde,  bou- 
quet, carte-de-visite,  coup  d'etat,  debris,  depot, 
etiquette,  gout,  outre,  personnel,  program,  pro- 
tege, trousseau,  etc. 

German    Element. — English,   being   a   Teu- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ENGLISH  LANGUAGE. 


tonic  language  of  the  Low-German  order,  has 
had  very  little  need  to  enrich  itself  from  a  kin- 
dred speech — the  High-German.  Yet  there 
have  been,  especially  in  later  years,  right  fre- 
quent borrowings  of  such  words  as  cobalt,  feld- 
spar, hornblende,  loafer,  meerschaum,  nickel, 
plunder,  poodle,  quartz,  zinc,  etc. 

Hebrew  Element. — It  could  hardly  be  other- 
wise than  that,  through  the  agency  of  the 
Bible,  the  Hebrew  should  be  a  liberal  contribu- 
tor to  the  English  speech,  and  from  Hebrew 
sources  we  find  such  words  as  amen,  behemoth, 
cabal,  cherub,  hallelujah,  hosanna,  Jehovah, 
jubilee,  manna,  rabbi,  Pharisee,  Sabbath,  Satan, 
seraph,  shibboleth,  etc. 

African  Element. — Commercial  relations 
with  remote  countries  have  caused  an  impor- 
tation of  words  into  English,  generally  of  a' 
kind  expYessive  of  the  thing  dealt  in  or  im- 
ported. Thus,  from  African  sources,  we  have 
derived,  among  others,  the  words  canary,  chim- 
panzee, gnu,  gorilla,  guinea,  oasis,  zebra,  etc. 

American  Element. — From  various  native 
American  sources  have  come  into  English 
words  expressive  of  the  new  things  seen  and 
dealt  with  in  commerce,  and  expressive  of  re- 
lations novel  to  the  old  world  sojourners. 
Among  these  may  be  mentioned  alpaca,  bucca- 
neer, cannibal,  canoe,  chocolate,  condor,  guano, 
jalap,  mahogany,  maize,  moccasin,  mustang, 
opossum,  potato,  raccoon,  skunk,  squaw,  to- 
bacco, tomahawk,  tomato,  wigwam,  etc.  This 
list  may  be  enlarged  indefinitely  when  it  is 
remembered  that  the  usage  of  the  English 
language  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  has 
been  to  adopt  bodily  from  the  native  Ameri- 
can, or  Indian,  speech  the  names  of  rivers, 
mountains,  tribes,  villages,  etc.,  thus  forever 
preserving  the  words  and  ideas  of  a  perishing 
people. 

Arabic  Element. — The  Arabic  language  has 
been  a  liberal  contributor  to  the  English.  This 
may  seem  strange  at  first,  but  not  when  we 
consider  that  the  Arabs  were  once  advanced 
mathematicians  and  scientists,  and  their  coun- 
try a  rich  producer  of  the  gums,  spices  and 
other  articles  which  gratified  English  taste  and 
enlarged  commerce.  Among  the  Arabic  words 
found  in  English  are  alcohol,  algebra,  alkali, 
artichoke,  assassin,  caliph,  carat,  cipher,  coffee, 
cotton,  elixir,  fakir,  gazelle,  giraffe,  harem, 
magazine,  mohair,  nabob,  naphtha,  shrub,  sofa, 
sultan,  syrup,  talisman,  tariff,  zenith,  zero,  etc. 

Other  Foreign  Elements. — Indeed,  it  may  be 
said  that  hardly  a  nation  exists  which  has  not, 
through  the  agency  of  commerce,  contributed 
something  of  its  speech  toward  the  enrichment 


of  the  English  tongue.  Thus,  the  Chinese  have 
given  us  the  words  silk,  tea,  typhoon,  nankeen, 
junk,  joss,  hyson,  bohea,  etc.  From  the  Hindu 
language  come  Brahmin,  calico,  chintz,  jungle, 
loot,  musk,  pagoda,  pundit,  rupee,  sugar,  thug, 
toddy,  etc.  The  Hungarian  language  has 
given  us  hussar,  sabre,  etc.;  the  Malay,  bam- 
boo, bantam,  caddy,  gong,  gutta-percha,  rattan, 
sago,  upas,  etc.;  the  Persian,  awning,  bazaar, 
caravan,  check,  chess,  divan,  jar,  jackal,  lemon, 
lilac,  orange,  sash,  shawl,  turban,  etc.;  the 
Portuguese,  albatross,  cobra,  cocoanut,  com- 
modore, lasso,  marmalade,  molasses,  etc.;  the 
Russian,  czar,  knout,  rouble,  steppe,  etc.;  the 
Turkish,  bey,  dey,  kiosk,  ottoman,  tulip,  etc. 

New  Word-Making.— The  Anglo-Saxon,  or 
"  very  early  English,  was  a  resourceful  language 
in  itself,  that  is,  it  had,  like  Greek  and  German, 
the  power  to  meet  new  ideas  and  give  them  ex- 
pression by  means  of  combinations  of  its  own 
words.    Where  a  language  has  a  large  and  rich 
vocabulary  this  method  of  enlarging  it  is  very 
satisfactory,    but    where    the    vocabulary    is 
scanty  it  becomes  less  satisfactory,  yet  the  re- 
sult is  never  without  an  element  of  strength 
and  cleverness,  whatever  may  be  said  of  its 
smoothness   and    beauty.     Thus,   just    as    the 
Greek  said  camelopard,  for  that  long-necked 
and    spotted    animal    which    resembled    both 
camel  and   leopard;  and  just  as  the   German 
says  hand-shoe  for  glove,  and  finger-hat  for 
thimble;  so  the  Anglo-Saxon,  or  early   Eng- 
lishman, said  pinch-penny  for  miser,  mumble- 
news  for  tattler,  fore-elders  for  ancestors,  fore- 
wit  for  caution,  inwit  for  conscience,  folk-wain 
for  carriage.     Some   early   writers   contended 
that  this  method  of  word-making  should  never 
have  been  departed  from.     But  the  incoming 
of  the  Norman-French  settled  its  fate  by  offer- 
ing its  single  words  for  those  homely  double 
ones.     Later  writers  have  advised  a  return  to 
the  old-fashioned   method,  but  such   consider 
very  lightly,  or  not  at  all,  the  extreme  paucity 
of  the  early  English  vocabulary,  and  forget  the 
immense  and   rapidly  growing  need  for  new 
words    expressive    of    ideas    and    embodying 
forms  and  meanings  of  a  commercial,  scientific 
and  industrial  kind.     Such  words  are,  for  the 
most  part,  far  beyond  the  power  and  resource 
of  a  primitive  language,  however  combined  ; 
for  no  primitive  language  ever  rises  above  its 
people,  and  the  Anglo-Saxons  were  a  people 
of  simple  wants  and  notions.    So,  therefore,  it 
is  that  the  English  language,  when  it  has  need 
of  a  new  word,  finds  it   most   convenient   to 
resort  to  other  sources  than  its  own  primitive 
ones  for  what  it  wants.     It  has  enriched  itself 
during  the  past  active  century  by  hundreds  of 


8  OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 

coinages  for  the  purpose  of  introducing  new  Latin  and  second-handed  Latin,  or  that  through 

discoveries  and  rendering  them  useful  in  daily  the  Norman  French,  or  some  allied  language, 

life.    Among  these  we  find  telegraph,  telegram,  Thus,    the   pure    Latin    word   antecessorum    has 

photograph,  telephone,  photophone,  dynamite,  taken  the  eye  form  of  antecessor  and  the  ear 

•cinemetograph,    automobile,    bicycle,    etc.,    and  form    of    ancestor;    so,    conceptioncm    becomes 

so  it  will  continue  to  do  as  long  and  fast  as  new  conception     and     conceit ;     exemplum     becomes 

things  require  new  names,  and  new  ideas  new  example  and  sample;  factum  becomes  fact  and 

expression.  feat;  fragilem  becomes  fragile  and  frail.     The 

Doublets. — In  introducing  words  from  Latin  same  fact  follows   the  introduction  of  words 

into  English  speech,  two  doors  or  means  of  en-  into   English   from   the   Greek  ;   thus,   adamanta 

trance    seem    to    have    been    used — an    eye    and  becomes   diamond   and   adamant ;   phantasia  be- 

ear  door,  so  to  speak,  or  in  other  words,  book  comes  fancy  and  phantasy. 


THE   BUILDING   OF   ENGLISH   WORDS. 


In  extending  credit  to  the  various  authorities  consulted  in  the  elaboration  of  the  subject 
of  word  building  and  derivation,  much  is  especially  due  to  that  excellent  work  entitled  "The 
English  Language,"  by  Prof.  J.  M.  D.  Meiklejohn,  of  the  University  of  St.  Andrews,  Scotland. 


GENERAL  PRINCIPLES   OF  WORD 
BUILDING. 

1.  As  with  a  tree,  a  word  has  a  root,  a  prime  source 
of  vitality.  The  root  of  a  word  is  the  shortest  form  in 
which  it  appears,  and  is  its  primary  element.  Tal, 
meaning  number,  speech,  is  the  root  of  tale,  a  number 
counted ;  tale,  a  story ;  tell,  narrate ;  toll,  something 
counted  out ;  talk,  discourse.  All  these  words  retain 
somelliing  of  the  significance  and  form  of  their  root, 
tal. 

2.  When  the  root  of  a  word  undergoes  modification, 
it  then  becomes  a  stem.  If  the  root  lov  be  modified  by 
adding  an  e  to  make  the  word  love,  then  love  is  the 
stem  of  lov.  It  is  to  the  stem  that  all  the  inflections 
which  a  word  may  undergo  are  added.  Thus  it  is 
to  love  that  the  d  is  added  to  make  the  past  tense, 
loved. 

3.  When  the  root  of  a  word  is  enlarged,  or  added 
to,  by  uniting  a  prefix  or  a  suffix  with  it,  the  word  so 
formed  is  called  a  derivative.  Thus  by  prefixing  en 
to  the  root  dar=dear,  we  get  endear;  and  by  suffixing 
ling  to  the  same  root  we  get  darling. 

to  the  same  root  we  get  darling. 

4.  As  a  rule  English  prefixes  and  suffixes  are  added 
only  to  English  roots.  But  there  are  many  exceptions 
to  this  rule,  as,  for  instance  cottage  is  formed  by  suffix- 
ing the  Latin  age  to  the  English  root  cot;  and,  again, 
covetousness  is  formed  by  suffixing  the  English  ness 
to  the  Latin  word  covetous.  Such  words  are  called 
hybrids. 

5.  A  compound  word  is  one  made  by  uniting  two 
words  together,  as  hoecake. 

WORD-MAKING   BY    COMPOUNDING. 

Compound  Nouns. — Compound  nouns  are  formed 
in  various  ways  : — 

(a)  By  uniting  a  noun  with  a  noun;  as  bridal= 
bride-ale ;  daisy=day's  eye ;  Gospel=God's  spell  or 
story  ;   lapwing^leap  wing  ;  tadpole=toad  head. 

(fc)  Noun  with  adjective;  as  redbird,  midnight, 
quicksilver,  twilight=two  lights. 

(r)  Noun  with  verb;  as  bakehouse,  godsend,  grind- 
stone, spendthrift,  washtub. 

(d)  Noun  with  adverb;  as  offshoot. 

(e)  Noun  with  preposition ;  as  afterthought,  by- 
word. 

(/)  Verb  with  adverb;  as  drawback,  farewell, 
income,   welcome. 

Compound  Adjectives. — There  are  many  compound 
adjectives  in  the  English  language,  and  they  are  formed 
in  a  variety  of  ways.    Thus : — 

(o)  Noun  with  adjective;  as  purse-proud,  sea- 
green,  lily-white,  sky-blue. 

(b)  Noun  with  participle;  as  heart-rending,  sea- 
faring, wor.n-eaten,  way-laid,  sea-girt. 


(c)  Adverb  with  participle;  as  everlasting,  far- 
reaching,  well-bred,  high-strung,  ill-pleased. 

(d)  Noun  with  noun ;  as  bare-foot,  lion-heart,  iron- 
side. 

(?)  A  favorite  way  of  making  compound  adjec- 
tives is  by  uniting  nouns,  adjectives  or  adverbs  with 
nouns  to  which  ed  has  beed  added ;  as  club-footed,  grey- 
headed, tender-hearted,   down-hearted,  under-handed. 

Compound  Verbs. — The  few  compound  verbs  in  the 
English  language  are  formed  after  this  manner: — 

(a)  Verb  with  noun;  as  backbite,  browbeat,  hen- 
peck,  hoodwink,  kiln-dry. 

(b)  Verb  with  adjective;  as  dumfound,  fulfil,  white- 
wash. 

(r)  Verb  with  adverb;  as  don=do  on,  outdo, 
unlatch. 

Compound  Adverbs. — These  are  made  by  uniting : — 

(a)     Noun  with  noun;  as  endways,  side-ways. 

(fr)  Noun  with  adjective;  as  always,  breast-high, 
meanwhile,   sometimes. 

(c)  Preposition  with  noun  ;  as  overboard,  outside. 

(d)  Adverb  with  preposition ;  as  hereafter,  therein, 
whereupon. 

WORD-BUILDING  BY  THE  USE  OF 
PREFIXES. 

A  ready  and  favorite  way  of  building  words  is  by 
the  use  of  prefixes ;  that  is,  by  the  use  of  one  or  more 
letters  or  syllables  combined  or  united  with  the  begin- 
ning of  a  root  or  word  to  modify  its  signification.  Gen- 
erally speaking  the  prefixes  used  in  our  language  are  of 
English,  French,  Latin  or  Greek  origin.  When 
French  is  mentioned  in  this  connection,  it  must  be 
understood  that  Latin  is  really  meant,  for  French  is 
but  a  modified  form  of  Latin. 

English  Prefixes. — These  are  of  two  kinds.  One 
kind  are  called  inseparable,  because  they  have  no 
meaning  in  themselves,  cannot  stand  alone,  and  are 
of  no  appreciable  use  except  in  connection  with  words 
before  which  they  are  placed.  Indeed,  it  may  be  said 
that  quite  often  the  effect  they  produce  by  their  union 
with  other  words  is  more  fanciful  than  otherwise.  Yetj 
there  they  are  for  better  or  for  worse,  and  they  must 
be  reckoned  with  as  an  ancient  and  now  essential 
feature  of  English  speech. 

A  second  kind  or  class  of  English  prefixes  are  called 
separable.  These  have  definite  meanings  in  them- 
selves, can  stand  alone,  and  may  be  used  as  independent 
words. 

It  is  not  the  purpose  here  to  furnish  complete  lists 
and  significations  of  all  the  prefixes  used  in  the  build- 
ing of  English  words,  but  only  those  of  most  frequent 
and  important  use,  those  which  affect  most  appreciably 
the   words   to   which   they   are   attached;   those   which 


(9J 


10 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


provide  the  best  examples  of  this  method  of  extending 
and   reinforcing  our   speech. 

English  Inseparable  Prefixes.  The  most  impor- 
tant of  these  are: — 

1.  A,  which  conveys  the  meaning  of  on,  it  being  a 
short  form  of  the  old  English  an.  Examples  would  be 
abed=on  the  bed ;  aboard=on  board ;  away=on  the 
way;  athwart=on  the  cross  route. 

2.  Be  is  an  antique  form  of  by,  and  serves : — 

(a)  In  connection  with  transitive  verbs  to  intensify 
their  force  and  meaning ;  as  bedaub=daub  thoroughly 
or  all  over,  bedeck=to  ornament,  besmirch=to  smear 
thoroughly. 

(b)  To  turn  an  intransitive  into  a  transitive  verb; 
as  intr.  moan  to  tr.  bemoan;  intr.  speak  to  tr.  bespeak; 
intr.  wail  to  tr.  bewail. 

(c)  To  turn  nouns  and  adjectives  into  verbs;,  as 
befriend,  benumb,  besiege. 

(d)  To  unite  with  nouns  to  make  new  nouns  of 
varied  or  stronger  meaning.  In  this  use  it  sometimes 
goes  back  to  its  old  form  of  by;  as  behest,  bequest, 
bypath,  byword. 

(e)  To  make  prepositions  and  adverbs;  as  before, 
behind,  besides. 

3.  For  is  the  Anglo-Saxon  and  old  English  for, 
with  the  significance,  as  a  prefix,  of  though  or  thor- 
ough. 

(a)  It  intensifies  the  meaning  of  words  to  which 
it  is  prefixed ;  as  forbid=command  against ;  forget= 
let  go  (from  memory);  forlorn=utterly  lost;  for- 
swear=s\\ear  thoroughly ;  that  is,  to  anything. 

(6)  It  sometimes  conveys  a  negative  meaning  to 
the  word  to  which  it  is  prefixed ;  as  in  forgo=forego. 

4.  Fore  is  another  form  of  for,  with  the  significance 
of  first,  before,  which  it  retains  as  a  prefix ;  as  fore- 
bode, forecast,  forejudge. 

5.  Mis  is  an  Anglo-Saxon  combining  form  which, 
as  a  prefix,  is  used  adjectively  and  adverbially  in  the 
sense  of  amiss,  wrong,  ill,  wrongly;  as  misdeed,  mis- 
lead, mischief,  miscreant,  mistake. 

6.  Un.  This  old  inseparable  prefix,  or  particle 
signifies  not.  It  is  widely  attached  to  adjectives, 
participles  and  adverbs  to  give  them  a  negative  mean- 
ing, but  is  less  prefixed  to  nouns.  Examples : — 
unafraid,  unbearable,  unholy,  unabased,  unbeloved,  un- 
blushing,   unbind- 

7.  Wan  is  an  antique  English  form  signifying  lack- 
ing, but  is  less  freely  prefixed  to  nouns.  Examples : — 
wanhope=wanting  hope=despair. 

8.  With  is  a  contraction  of  the  Anglo-Saxon 
wither=against.  It  is  seen  in  withdraw,  withstand, 
withhold,  withers=the  parts  which  stand  against,  or 
resist,  the  strain  in  pulling. 

English  Separable  Prefixes.— As  already  noted,  these 
may  stand  alone  as  words  and  have  independent  mean- 
ing. When  used  as  prefixes  they  speak,  as  it  were,  a 
little  louder  and  stronger  than  the  inseparable  prefixes. 

1.  After  is  a  frequent  prefix,  carrying  its  own  sig- 
nification; as  in  aftergrowth,  aftermath=after  the 
mowing,  afterthought. 

2.  All,  modern  form  of  old  English  al,  signifies 
•  whole  or  quite.     It  is  seen  in  almightv,  alone,  almost, 

etc. 

3.  Forth,  in  the  sense  of  forward,  is  seen  in  such 
■words    as   forthcoming,    forthword=forward,   etc. 

4.  In,  as  a  prefix,  carries  its  own  significance  into: 
_  (a)  Inborn,  income,  inbred,  incline,  instep,  inlay, 
inject,  intrude,  etc. 

d>)  In  words  derived  from  the  Latin  and  beginning 
with  1,  the  prefix  in  becomes  il,  as  in  illusion ;  in  such 
words  beginning  with  r  it  becomes  r,  as  in  irruption ; 
in  such  words  beginning  with  a  labial,  it  becomes  im.. 
as  in  imbue,  immigrate,  impart. 


(c)  In  its  French  form,  en,  still  signifying  in  or 
into  and  chiefly  as  a  prefix  to  words  borrowed  from  the 
French  it  is  seen  in  endear,  entwine,  enlighten,  etc. 

(rf)  Some  English  words  are  written  indifferently 
with  in  or  en;  as,  encase  or  incase,  encircle  or  incircle, 
enclosure  or  inclosure. 

(<?)  En  is  commonly  changed  to  m  if  followed  by 
a  p,  b,  and  m;  as  employ,  embody,  embitter,  embolden, 
emmew. 

(f)  En,  as  a  prefix  to  some  words,  conveys  the  sense 
of  to  make,  or  cause  to  be,  as  in  enable=to  make  able; 
enfeeble=to  cause  to  be  feeble;  it  merely  intensifies  the 
word  chasten  in  enchasten. 

5.  Off  or  of  becomes  a  ready  prefix  in  such  words 
as  offal=what  falls  off,  offset,  offshoot,  offspring,  etc. 

6.  On  imparts  its  sense  of  motion  to  such  words  as 
onset,  onslaught,  onward. 

7.  Out  imparts  its  sense  of  direction  to  such  words 
as  outbreak,  outcast,  outside,  outpost.  Outer  becomes 
utter   and   outmost   becomes    utmost. 

8.  Over  becomes  a  ready  prefix  carrying  its  native 
significance  to  nouns,  adjectives  and  verbs;  as  over- 
coat, overhead,  over-bold,  over-proud,  overturn,  over- 
spread, etc. 

9.  Through=Thorough  attaches  its  sense  of  pene- 
tration or  thoroughness  to  such  words  as  throughout, 
thoroughfare,  through-line,  through-ticket,  thorough- 
bred,  etc. 

10.  Twi,  in  comparison,  signifies  two  or  double.  '  It 
is  seen  in  twice=two  times ;  twilight=double  or  doubt- 
ful light;  t\vin=doubIe;  twisfetwo  strands  (twisted). 

11.  Under  imparts  its  sense  of  below  or  lower  to  a 
great  number  of  words ;  as  underhand,  undertone, 
underlie,  undergo,  underneath,  etc. 

12.  Up  imparts  its  sense  of  upward  direction  to 
many  nouns,  verbs  and  other  words ;  as  upland,  upshot, 
uphold,  upbraid,  upright,   upward,  etc. 

LATIN   AND   FRENCH   PREFIXES. 

Though  this  heading  mentions  French  prefixes,  it 
must  always  be  borne  in  mind  that  French  is  only  a 
modified  Latin,  and  that  while  as  to  prefixes  French 
and  Latin  forms  may  differ,  they  have  quite  similar 
effects  on  the  words  to  which  they  are  attached.  A 
great  many,  and  very  useful,  prefixes  have  come  into 
use  in  the  English  language  both  directly  from  Latin 
and  indirectly  from  Latin  through  the  French. 

1.  A  or  ab,  away  from,  imparts  its  meaning  to  such 
words  as  avert,  abjure,  absent.  In  the  French  form  of 
a  and  av  it  is  seen  in  avaunt,  avantage=advantage. 

2.  Ad,  to,  takes  several  forms  in  composition, 
according  to  the  first  consonant  of  the  root  before  which 
it  appears ;  as  in  adapt,  affect,  accord,  aggression, 
allude,  etc.  In  the  French  form  of  a  it  appears  in 
achieve,  amount,  acquaint. 

3.  Amb  or  am,  about,  around ;  as  in  ambition, 
ambiguous,  amputate=to  cut  around. 

4.  Ante,  before;  as  in  antedate,  ante-chamber.  It 
appears  in  the  French  form  of  an  in  ancestor=ante- 
cessor. 

5.  Bis  and  bi,  twice,  two;  as  in  bias=:two-faced ; 
bisect ;  biscuit=twice  baked. 

6.  Circum,  around ;  as  in  circumference,  circulate, 
circuit. 

7.  Cum,  with,  together,  in  conjunction  with.  It 
takes  the  form  of  com  before  b,  m,  p  and  sometimes 
f,  and  by  assimilation  becomes  col  before  1,  cor  before 
r,  and  con  before  any  consonant  except  b,  h,  1,  m,  p.  r, 
and  w.  Before  a  vowel  com  becomes  co;  also  before 
h  and  w;  as  in  compound,  collect,  content,  correct, 
counsel,  cooperate. 

8.  Contra,  against,  contrary,  in  opposition.  A  very 
frequent  prefix,  assuming  at  times  the  French  forms  of 


THE  BUILDING  OF  ENGLISH  WORDS. 


11 


contro    and    counter;    as    in    contradict,    controvert, 
counterbalance. 

9.  De,  down,  from,  away ;  as  in  debark,  decline, 
decease,  deduct,  decamp,  etc.  It  is  negative  and  oppo- 
site in  derange,  deform,  destroy,  etc.,  and  it  serves  to 
intensify  the  meaning  in  deprave,  despoil,  declare,  des- 
olate, etc. 

10.  Dis,  di,  in  two  parts,  asunder,  separation,  part- 
ing; as  in  dissimilar,  disarm,  disease,  divorce,  dis- 
tribute, disconnect.  In  the  French  form  of  des,  de, 
it  is  seen  in  defy,  defer,  delay.  Dis  also  unites  freely 
with  English  roots  to  make  hybrids;  as  disown,  dis- 
like, distrust,  distaste,  etc. 

11.  Ex  or  e,  out  of,  out,  proceeding  from;  as  in 
exalt,  exhale,  exclude,  ex-president,  ex-governor,  etc. 
It  has  the  sense  of  beyond  in  excess,  exceed,  excel. 
Ex  takes  the  form  of  e  before  certain  consonants;  as 
in  cbulient,  elect,  educe,  emanate,  enormous,  evade. 

12.  Extra,  beyond;  as  in  extraneous,  extraordinary, 
extravagant,  etc. 

13.  In,  in,  into;  as  in  invade,  invent,  infer.  It 
also  becomes  il,  im,  ir,  before  certain  consonants;  as 
in  illusion,  improve,  irritate,  irrigate.  In  the  French 
form  of  en  or  em  it  appears  in  enchant,  endure,  envoy, 
embody,  embolden,   ■& 

14.  In,  not ;  as  in  inconvenient,  inanimate,  inatten- 
tive. It  assumes  the  form  of  il,  im,  ir,  ig,  before  cer- 
tain consonants ;  as  in  illiberal,  impious,  irrelevant, 
ienoble. 

15.  Inter,  intro,  between,  among;  as  in  intercede, 
interpose,  interfere,  etc. ;  and  takes  the  French  form 
of  en  in  entertain,  enterprise,  etc. 

16.  Mis  is  a  combining  form  of  the  Latin  minus, 
less;  as  seen  in  misadventure,  mischance.  It  is  usually 
confounded  with  the  Anglo-Saxon  mis,  wrong,  ill,  as 
in  mistake,  misdeed,  etc. 

17.  Non,  not;  as  in  nonage,  nonsense,  nonsuit. 

18.  Pene,  almost ;   as  in  peninsula,  penultimate. 

19.  Per,  through;  as  in  perform,  perfect,  perjure, 
permit. 

20.  Post,  after;  as  in  postpone,  postdate,  postscript. 

21.  Pre,  I  fore;  as  in,  precede,  precursor,  prefix, 
preeminent,  predict,  pretend,  prevent,  etc. 

22.  Praeter  or  Prefer,  beyond,  more  than;  as  in 
pretermission,  preternatural,  preteritesbeyond  the  pres- 
ent. 

23.  Pro,  before,  in  front,  forth,  for,  in  behalf  of, 
in  place  of,  according  to;  as  in,  propose=to  place 
before;  proceed=to  go  before;  project=to  throw  for- 
ward; prologue=spoken  before;  propel=to  drive  be- 
fore; provide=to  look  out  for;  pronoun=word  for  a 
noun ;  proconsul=:in  place  of  a  consul ;  proportions 
arranged  according  to  parts.  It  also  takes  the  form  of 
pol,  por  and  pur  before  certain  consonants ;  as  in 
pollute,  portrait,  pursue,  purchase. 

24.  Re,  back,  again;  as  in  rebel,  reclaim,  recover, 
refer,  redeem,  redound,  etc. 

25.  Retro,  backwards ;   as   in  retrograde,  retrospect. 

26.  Se,  apart ;  as  in  secede,  seclude,  seduce,  sedition. 

27.  Sub,  under,  below ;  as  in  substract,  subdue, 
subject,  subordinate.  It  takes  the  form  of  sue  in  suc- 
cor=to  run  under  or  to  the  aid  of;  of  suf  in  suffers 
to  bear  under ;  of  sum  in  summon=rto  warn  under ; 
of  sup  in  supplant=plant  under ;  of  sur  in  surrenders 
render  under;  of  sus  in  suspend=to  hang  under. 

28.  Super,  above,  over,  beyond ;  as  in  supernatural, 
superscription,    supername=surname,   surtout=over  all. 

29.  Trans,  beyond,  over,  on  the  other  side ;  as  in 
translate,  transport,  transform.  Trans  becomes  tra  in 
travel,  tradition,  traverse  ;  and  tres  in  trespass= 
transp,->ss. 

30.  Ultra,  beyond ;  as  in  ultramarine,  ultramontane, 
ultramundane,  ultratropical. 


31.  Unus,  one,  which  changes  into  un  and  uni;  as  in 
unanimous,  uniform,  unicorn. 

32.  Vice,  in  place  of;  as  in  viceroy=in  place  of  a 
king;  vicar=office  of  one  assumed  by  an  another;  vice- 
president=who  acts  in  absence  of  the  president. 

GREEK  PREFIXES. 

The  Greek  language  has  contributed  to  English  a 
liberal  number  of  prefixes,  all  of  which  are  significant 
and  useful. 

1.  A  or  an,  not,  without ;  as  in  atheist,  anarchy, 
anomymous,    etc. 

2.  Amphi,  both,  of  both  kinds,  around;  as  in  am- 
phibious, amphibrach,  amphitheater. 

3.  Ana,  up,  upward,  again,  back,  as  in  anagram, 
anatomy,  analysis,  anachronism. 

4.  Anti,  against,  opposite;  as  in  antidote,  antipathy, 
antipodes,  antarctic. 

5.  Apo,  from,  away  from,  off,  asunder;  as  in 
apostate,  apostle,  apology. 

6.  Arch,  chief;  as  in  archbishop,  archangel,  archi- 
tect=chief    builder,    architrave=chief    beam. 

7.  Auto,  self;  as  in  autocrat,  autograph,  automobile 
=self-mover. 

8.  Cata,  down,  under,  against,  wholly,  completely; 
as  in  catacomb=downward  cavity;  catalog=to  say 
completely  ;  catapult=hurl  down  ;  cataclysm=dash  down 
or  over ;  catarrh=a  running  down ;  catechism=sound 
down,  impress. 

9.  Dia,  through,  across;  as  in  diagram,  diagonal, 
diameter. 

10.  Dis  or  di,  twice ;  as  in  dissylable,  diphthongs 
twice  sounded,  dilemma=twice  taken. 

11.  Dys,  ill,  bad;  as  in  dysentery=illness  of  intes- 
tines ;  dyspepsia=bad  digestion. 

12.  Ec  or  ex,  out  of,  out ;  as  in  eccentric=out  of 
center;  ecstasy=set  out  (of  one's  self)  ;  exodus=going 
out ;  exotic=outside,  foreign. 

13.  En,  in;  as  in  encyclical,  encomium.  It  becomes 
el  in  ellipse,  and  em  in  emphasis. 

14.  Epi,  upon,  on,  to ;  as  in  epitaph,  epiphany.  It 
becomes  ep  in  epoch  and  ephemeral. 

15.  Eu,  well,  good,  advantageous;  as  in  euphemism, 
eulogy.  It  takes  the  form  of  ev  in  evangelist=bringer 
of  good   news. 

16.  Hemi,  half;  as  in  hemisphere,  hemiplegia=half 
stroke. 

17.  Hyper,  over,  above ;  as  in  hyperbola,  hyper- 
borean,   hypercritical,    hypertrophy. 

18.  Hypo=hyp,  under,  beneath ;  as  in  hypocrites 
who  plays  an  under  handed  part ;  hypotenuse=stretch- 
ing   under ;    hyphen=under,   or   into,   one. 

19.  Meta,  between,  with,  after,  changed  for;  as  in 
metaphor,  metathesis,  metamorphosis,  metonomy, 
method=after  a  way. 

20.  Mono  or  Mon,  one,  single  alone;  as  in  mono- 
gram, monody,  monad,  monk=one  living  alone. 

21.  Pan,  all ;  as  in  pandect,  pantheist,  panacea,  pan- 
orama, pantomime=all-mimicry. 

22.  Para  or  par,  along  side  of,  beside,  beyond, 
against,  amiss ;  as  in  parable=a  placing  beside ;  paradox 
=think  contrary  to ;  parallel=besides  one  another ;  par- 
ish=dwelling  beside;  parody=song  beside  (mimic 
song). 

23.  Peri,  around,  by,  near,  over,  beyond ;  as  in 
perimeter,   perigee,   period,   periphery. 

24.  Pro,  before,  in  front  of;  as  in  prophet=who 
speaks  beforehand ;  prolog=said  before ;  proboscis= 
what  feeds  before ;  problem=thro\vn  before. 

25.  Pros,  toward ;  as  with  prosody,  proselyte. 

26.  Syn,  with,  along  with,  together ;  as  in  syntax, 
synagog.  It  takes  the  form  of  syl  in  syllable ;  of  sym 
in  sympathy  and  symbol;  and  of  sy  in  system. 


12 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


WORD-BUILDING    BY    THE    USE    OF 
SUFFIXES. 

We  have  seen  how  English  words  are  made  by  prefixing 
particles  to  roots,  and  how  such  prefixes  affect  the  sig- 
nificance of  the  words  to  which  they  become  attached. 
An  equally  effective  way  of  making  English  words  is 
by  the  use  of  suffixes;  that  is,  by  appending  a  letter, 
letters,  syllable  or  syllables  to  the  end  of  words  or 
roots  to  modify  their  forms  and  meanings.  Such 
suffixes  are  even  more  numerously  employed  in  English 
than  are  the  prefixes,  and  they  are  borrowed  from  the 
same  general  sources— old  English  or  Anglo-Saxon, 
Latin  or  French,  and  Greek.  From  a  strictly  etymo- 
logical point  of  view,  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that 
suffixes  have  greater  modifying  power  over  words  to 
which  they  are  attached  than  prefixes. 

English  Suffixes  to  Nouns.— The  most  important 
are  as  follows  : — 

i.  Ard  or  art,  habitual,  or  one  who  has  an  exces- 
sive degree  of  the  quality  expressed  by  the  root;  as  in 
braggart,  coward,  drunkard,  laggard,  reynard,  sluggard, 
wizard. 

2.  Craft,  strength,  skill,  art,  cunning;  as  in  wood- 
craft, priestcraft,  witchcraft. 

3.  Suffixing  the  dental  (teeth)  sounds  of  d,  t  and 
th  to  English  roots  gives  them  new  significance  as  well 
as  change  of  form ;  as  flood  from  flow ;  seed  from  sow ; 
drift  from  drive;  drought  from  dry,  flight  from  fly; 
death  from  die;  birth  from  bear;  sloth  from  slow; 
health  from  heal,  etc. 

4.  Dom,  doom,  authority,  sovereignty,  dominion;  as 
in  dukedom,  earldom,  kingdom,  Christendom.  It  also 
signifies  a  state,  condition  or  quality;  as  in  wisdom, 
freedom,  thraldom. 

5.  En  imparts  a  diminutive  meaning;  as  in  chicken 
=little  cock;   kitten=little  cat;   maiden=little  maid. 

6.  Er  denotes : — 

(a)  The  agent;  as  in  farmer,  fuller,  hater,  heater, 
grater,    leader,   writer,   etc. 

(fe)  After  places  it  signifies  a  person  of  the  place, 
as  Londoner,  Southerner,  etc. 

7.  Hood,  person,  rank,  order,  condition:  as  in 
brotherhood,  childhood,  knighthood,  manhood,  priest- 
hood,  wifehood,   etc. 

8.  Ing,  part,  act  of,  result  of  the  act ;  as  in  farthing 
(fourth),  riding,  dying,  feeling.  It  has  a  collective 
force   in   clothing,   shipping. 

9.  Kin  is  a  diminutive  maker;  as  in  bodkin,  firkin, 
lambkin,   mannikin. 

10.  Ling  is  also  a  diminutive  maker ;  as  in  darling, 
firstling,  gosling=little  goose,  hireling,  nestling. 

11.  Le  or  1  gives  a  diminutive  meaning  to  roots; 
as  in  bundle,  saddle=little  seat. 

12.  Ness  is  used  to  convert  adjectives  into  abstract 
nouns  expressive  of  quality  or  state ;  as  in  dark- 
ness, goodness,  greatness,  holiness,  weakness,  weariness. 

13.  Ock  is  a  diminutive;  as  in  bullock,  hillock, 
Poflock=little  Paul. 

14.  M  or  om  converts  verbs  into  nouns ;  as  in 
bloom  from  blow ;  gloom  from  glow ;  seam  from  sew ; 
team  from  tow. 

15.  Red,  mode  or  fashion;  as  in  hatred,  kindred.  In 
proper  nouns  it  signifies  counsel,  as  Mildred=mild  in 
counsel ;   Ethelred=nobIe  in  counsel. 

16.  Ric,  power,  dominion ;  as  in  bishopric. 

17.  Ship,  state,  office,  shape,  form,  profession,  art; 
as  in  chancellorship,  fellowship,  friendship,  horseman- 
ship, lordship,  stewardship,  workmanship,  worships 
worthship. 

18.  Stead,  place ;  as  in  bedstead,  homestead,  instead. 

19.  Ster   denotes   an   agent    (originally   a    woman), 


especially  a  person  who  does  something  with  skill,  or 
as  an  occupation;  as  in  spinster  (originally  a  woman 
who  spins),  huckster,  maltster,  songster,  roadster,  bax- 
ster=bakester,  youngster.  Brewing,  baking  and  weav- 
ing were  originally  female  occupations,  and  brewster, 
baxster  and  webster  meant  the  woman  who  brews, 
bakes  or  weaves.  When  men  began  to  perform  these 
duties  the  feminine  forms  were  retained.  Ster  impart* 
a  depreciative  sense  to  such  words  as  gamester,  pun- 
ster, oldster,  youngster. 

20.  Ther,  der  or  ter  denote  the  agent  and  impart 
a  sense  of  duality;  as  in  father,  mother,  brother 
sister,  bladder  (blow),  rudder  (row),  water  (wet), 
winter    (wind). 

21.  Wright,  by  a  shift  of  the  r=\vork  or  workman ; 
as  in  millwright,  shipwright,  wheelwright. 

22.  Ward,  keeper,  as  in  hayward,  steward=sty- 
keeper,   woodward. 

English  Suffixes  to  Adjectives.— Some  of  the  more 
important  are : — 

1.  Ed  or  d,  which  gives  the  past-participle  ending; 
as  in  landed,  talented. 

2.  En  denotes  material ;  as  in  golden,  silvern,  flaxen, 
oaken,  wooden,  etc.  It  is  also  an  old  ending  for  the 
past-participle;  as  in  drunken,  molten,  hewn=hewen. 

3.  Ern,  geographic  direction  or  section;  as  in  east- 
ern,  western,   northern,   southern. 

4.  Fast,  firm;   as   in   steadfast,   rootfast,   shamefast, 

5.  Fold,  time  or  repetition ;  as  in  twofold,  three- 
fold, fourfold. 

6.  Ful  or  full  but  adds  its  native  meaning;  as  in 
hateful,  hopeful,  needful,  sinful. 

7.  Ish,  relation,  resemblance,  similarity  and  some- 
times operates  as  a  diminutive  force;  as  in  selfish, 
boyish,  brutish,  whitish,  blackish.  In  English,  Irish, 
Scottish,  etc.,  it  shows  a  patrial  relation. 

8.  Le  diminishes  the  strength  of  the  root;  as  in 
little,  brittle,  fickle. 

9.  Less,  without,  destitute ;  as  in  childless,  father- 
less, fearless,  helpless,  toothless. 

10.  Like  attaches  its  own  meaning  to  the  noun ;  as 
in  manlike,  childlike,  Godlike,  warlike. 

11.  Ly  is  a  softened  form  of  like,  and  is  seen  in 
manly,   womanly,  ghastly=ghostly. 

12.  Ow  is  but  a  modern  form  of  the  old  English 
ending  u.  It  appears  in  callow,  fallow,  narrow,  yellow, 
etc. 

13.  Right,  straight=direct ;  as  in  downright,  forth- 
right,  upright. 

14.  Some,  like,  same,  full;  as  in  gladsome=full  of 
gladness,  irksome,  blithesome,  gamesome,  winsome. 

15.  Teen,  ten;  as  in  thirteen=three  and  ten,  four- 
teen, fifteen,  etc. 

16.  Ty,  tens;  as  in  thirty=:three  tens;  forty,  fifty, 
etc. 

17.  Ward,  course  or  direction;  as  in  awkward,  home- 
ward, toward,  forward,  seaward,  westward. 

18.  Wise,  way,  manner,  mode,  fashion ;  as  in  length- 
wise, likewise,  nowise.  The  word  ways  is  often  sub- 
stituted in  the  same  sense;. as  in  noways,  lengthways. 

19.  Y  is  a  variation  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  ig,  which 
signified  resemblance,  or  in  the  nature  of;  as  in  bloody, 
crafty,  dusty,  mighty,  stony,  etc. 

Verb  and  Adverb  Suffixes.— Suffixes,  drawn  from 
English,  Latin,  French  and  Greek  sources,  are  also 
used  to  form  and  add  significance  to  verbs  and  adverbs ; 
but  these  are  neither  so  numerous  and  important  as 
those  used  with  nouns  and  adjectives.  Moreover, 
many  of  them  but  duplicate  those  already  used,  so  that 
their  mention  here  would  hardly  tend  to  further  exem- 
plify the  principle  involved  in  the  use  of  suffixes. 


THE  BUILDING  CF  ENGLISH   WORDS. 


13 


LATIN   AND    FRENCH    SUFFIXES. 

These  are  numerous  and  of  great  importance  in 
the  making  of  English  words.  Perhaps  a  majority  of 
the  suffixes  of  Latin  origin  have  taken  on  a  French 
form,  owing  to  the  fact  that  after  the  Norman  conquest 
of  England  (.1066)  the  French  (Norman-French)  lan- 
guage was  in  intimate  contact  with  the  then  existing 
English. 

Latin  and  French  Suffixes  to  Nouns. — The  most 
important  of  these  are : — 

1.  Age,  which  converts  a  root  or  stem  into  an 
abstract  or  collective  noun;  as  in  beverage,  bondage, 
courage,   homage,   marriage,   tonnage,   vintage,   etc. 

2.  An,  connected  with,  belonging  to ;  as  in  artisan, 
pagan,  publican,  Roman.  It  takes  the  form  of  Ain  in 
chaplain,  captain,  and  of  ane  in  humane,  mundane. 

3.  Al  conveys  a  sense  of  quality;  as  in  animal,  canal, 
cardinal,  hospital.  It  takes  the  form  of  el  in  chattel, 
hotel. 

4.  Ant  implies  agency ;  as  in  assistant,  servant.  It 
becomes  ent  in  agent,  student,  etc. 

5.  Ance  or  ence  is  used  to  give  nouns  an  abstract 
turn ;  as  in  abundance,  distance,  diligence.  It  does 
the  same  when  used  in  the  form  of  ancy  or  ency;  as 
in  brilliancy,  consistency. 

6.  Ary  signifies  place  for  things ;  as  in  apiary, 
armory,  granary.  It  takes  the  form  of  ry  in  treasury, 
vestry;  and  of  er  in  larder,  saucer,  etc.  Ary  also  desig- 
nates a  trade,  profession  or  business ;  as  in  commissary, 
notary,  secretary.  It  takes  other  forms;  as  in  brigadier, 
engineer,  mariner. 

7.  Ate  implies  agent ;  as  in  advocate,  legate.  In  the 
French  form  of  ee  it  sets  forth  the  object  of  an  action; 
as  in  grantee,  trustee,  vendee,  etc. 

8.  Ce  forms  abstract  nouns;  as  in  benifice,  edifice, 
palace,  sacrifice,  etc. 

9.  El  forms  diminutives ;  as  in  chapel,  libel.  It 
appears  as  le  in  angle,  buckle,  title,  castle. 

10.  Ern,  place,   as  in  cavern,  cistern,  tavern,   etc. 

11.  Et  makes  diminutives;  as  in  lancet,  puppet,  ticket, 
turret.  It  appears  as  ette  in  etiquette=a  little  ticket ; 
and  as  let  in  chaplet. 

12.  Ess  gives  a  feminine  form  to  an  agent ;  as  in 
Empress,  governess,  sorceress. 

13.  Ice  lends  an  abstract  sense;  as  in  avarice, 
justice,  etc. 

14.  Icle  lends  diminutive  sense ;  as  in  article,  par- 
ticle. It  becomes  eel  in  parcel,  morsel ;  and  sel  in 
damsel=little   dame. 

15.  Ion.  tion,  sion  denote  act,  action,  process,  result, 
state,  condition ;  as  in  action,  opinion,  position,  revolu- 
tion, construction,  mansion. 

16.  Ment,  instrument  or  act ;  as  in  document,  in- 
strument, ornament,  etc. 

17.  Mony  renders  nouns  abstract ;  as  in  ceremony, 
matrimony,  testimony. 

18.  On  augments  the  force  or  meaning  of  a  root  or 
stem ;  as  in  flagon,  million,  clarion,  etc.  It  appears 
as  oon  in  balloon  dragoon,  saloon,  etc. 

19.  Ory,  place;  as  in  auditory,  dormitory,  lavatory, 
etc. 

20.  Or  makes  abstract  nouns ;  as  in  ardor,  clamor, 
honor,  savor.  It  also  denotes  agent;  as  in  actor, 
governor,    emperor. 

21.  Ter  signifies  person;  as  in  master,  minister. 

22.  Trix,  feminine  agency ;  as  in  executrix,  testa- 
trix. 

23.  Tude,  state  or  condition ;  as  in  altitude,  fortitude, 
multitude. 


24.  Ty  forms  abstract  nouns;  as  in  charity,  frailty, 
poverty,  vanity. 

25.  Y  signifies  condition ;  as  in  company,  family, 
victory. 

Latin   and    French    Suffixes   for    Adjectives. — The 

Latin  and  French  suffixes  used  in  English  to  make 
adjectives  are  almost  as  numerous  as  those  used  with 
nouns.    The    most    important    are: — 

1.  Aceous,  composed  of;  as  in  argillaceous,  fari- 
naceous. 

2.  Al,  belonging  to,  as  in  legal,  regal,  loyal,  royal. 

3.  Ar,  belonging  to;  as  in  regular,  singular,  secular, 
etc. 

4.  Atic,  belonging  to;  as  in  aquatic,  fanatic,  lunatic. 

5.  Able,  capable  of;  as  in  culpable,  amiable,  movable. 

6.  Pie,  doubling,  fold;  as  in  simple,  triple.  It 
becomes  ble  in  double,  treble. 

7.  Esque,  appearance,  partaking  of;  as  in  burlesque, 
grotesque,    picturesque. 

8.  Ic,  pertaining  to;  as  in  gigantic  metallic,  rustic. 

9.  Id  indicates  quality;  as  in  acid,  limpid,  morbid, 
sordid. 

10.  He,  submissive  to;  as  in  docile,  fragile,  mobile. 

11.  Ine,  belonging  to,  partaking  of;  as  in  alkaline, 
canine,  divine,  saline. 

12.  Ive,  relating  or  belonging  to,  of  the  nature  of; 
as  in  active,  abusive,  conclusive,  corrective,  fugitive, 
plaintive. 

13.  Lent,  full  of;  as  in  corpulent,  opulent,  violent, 
etc. 

14.  Ory,  of  or  pertaining  to,  serving  for,  full  of;  as 
in  amatory,  amendatory,  illusory,  prohibitory,  admon- 
itory. 

15.  Ose,  full  of,  containing,  having  the  quality  of, 
like ;  as  in  bellicose,  globose,  grandiose,  pilose,  verbose. 

16.  Ous,  full  of,  abounding  in,  quality  of,  like;  as 
in  arduous,  anxious,  assiduous,  bulbous,  poisonous,  pit- 
eous, omnivorous,  riotous. 

17.  Und,  full  of;  as  in  jocund,  moribund,  rotund. 

Greok  Suffixes. — These  are  not  numerous  but  of 
great  strength  in  English  word-making.  They  are 
used   principally   in   making   nouns. 

1.  Y  gives  an  abstract  turn  to  nouns ;  as  in  melan- 
choly, monarchy,  philosophy. 

2.  Ic  conveys  the  sense  of  accompaniment,  belonging 
or  relating  to,  characteristic  of;  as  in  aromatic, 
authentic,  frantic,  graphic,  hygienic,  logic,  music,  tele- 
graphic,   etc. 

3.  Ism,  process,  result,  state ;  as  in  baptism,  barbar- 
ism, despotism,  galvanism,  organism,  hypnotism,  social- 
ism,  Anglicism,   etc. 

4.  Ma  or  m  has  little  transforming  power  as  a 
suffix ;  as  in  diorama,  dogma,  drama. 

5.  Sis  denotes  action ;  as  in  analysis,  emphasis, 
genesis,  paralysis,  synthesis.  It  takes  the  form  of  sy 
in  hypocrisy,  poesy,  palsy,  which  is  a  contraction  of 
paralysis. 

6.  St  signifies  agent  or  agency;  as  in  baptist,  bota- 
nist. It  is  largely  employed  with  Latin  words  in  the 
making  of  hybrids;  as  in  abolitionist,  journalist,  jurist, 
organist,    socialist,    specialist,    etc. 

7.  T  or  te,  agent,  maker;  as  in  comet=long-haired 
star;  planet=wanderer ;  poet=maker;  apostate=one 
fallen  off  or  away. 

8.  Ter,  place  of,  instrument;  as  in  center,  meter, 
theater.     Tre  in  old  spellings. 

9.  Isk  forms  diminutives;  as  in  asterisk=little  star; 
obelisk=little  spit  or  pillar. 

10.  Ize  makes  verbs  factitive  or  causative ;  as  in  bap- 
tize, criticise,  Judaize,  Anglicize. 


WORD   ROOTS  AND   DERIVATIONS. 


When  the  English  language  was  young,  and  while  still  uninfluenced  by  other  languages, 
it  had  the  power  of  growing  words  within  itself;  that  is,  of  building  new  words  upon  its 
native  roots.  All  words  so  grown  or  built  had,  and  have,  a  family  likeness.  Take  byrnan, 
to  burn,  as  an  example.  This  root  gives  us  brimstone  (burnstone)  ;  brown  (burnt  color), 
brunt  (heat  or  shock  of  battle),  brand  (burnt  in,  also  a  piece  of  wood  on  fire),  brindle  (dark 
color  on  a  gray  ground,  as  if  branded). 

This  power  of  English  to  grow  its  own  words  ceased  after  the  Norman  conquest  (1066). 
When  a  new  word  was  needed,  after  that  period,  it  was  found  handier  to  take  an  old  and 
somewhat  ready-made  word  from  the  French  (Norman),  Latin  or  Greek,  and  give  it  a  place 
in  our  language.  It  is  well,  however,  to  keep  up  acquaintance  with  those  pure  English 
words  which  grew  upon  our  own  native  roots,  and  which  owe  nothing  to  other  languages; 
such,  for  instance,  as  are  found  below ;  the  same  being  chiefly  due  to  Meikeljohn's  "English 
Language." 


I.— ENGLISH  ROOTS  AND  DERIVATIONS. 

Ac,  an  oak,  gives  us  acorn,  Acton. 

Bac-an,  to  bake— baker,  baxter   (female  baker),  batch. 

Ban-a,  a  slayer — bane,  baneful,  henbane. 

Bead-an,  to    pray — bedesman,    beadle,    bead. 

Beat-an,  to  strike— beat,  bat,  battle,  beetle,  batter. 

Beorg-an,    to    shelter — bury,    burrow,    burgh,    harbor, 

harbinger. 
Ber-an,  to  bear — bear,  bier,  bairn,  birth,  brood,  brother, 

breed,  bird,  burden,  barrow. 
Bet-an,  to  make  good — better,  best,  boot  (to  boot). 
Bind-an,  to  bind — band,  bond,  bondage,  bundle. 
Bit,  to  bite — bit.  beetle,  bait,  bitter. 
Blaw-an,    to   puff— bladder,   blain,    blast,    blister,    blot, 

bloat. 
Blow-an,    to    blossom — blow,    bloom,    blossom,    blood, 

blade. 
Brec-an,  to    break— break,    breakers,    brake,    bracken, 

breach,  brick,  brook,  brittle. 
Breow-an,  to  brew — brew,  brewer,  broth,  bread. 
Bug-an,  to  bend — bow,  elbow,  bough,  bight. 
Byrn-an,  to     burn — burn,     brown,     brimstone,     brand, 

brandy,  brindled. 
Catt,  a  cat— catkin,  kitten,  caterpillar,  caterwaul. 
Ceapi-an,   to   buy — cheap,   cheapen,   chop,   chap,   chap- 
man,  chaffer. 
Ceron-an,  to  produce — kin,  kindred,  kind,,  kindle. 
Ceow-an,  to  chew — chew,  cheek,  cud. 
Cleov-an,  to  split — cleave,  cleaver,  cleft,  clover   (split 

erass). 
Clifl-an,  to  stick  to — clip,  claw,  cleave  (together). 
Cnaw-an,  to    know — ken,   know,   knowledge. 
Cnot-ta,  a  knot — knot,  knit,  net. 

Cunn-an,  to  know,  be  able — can,  con,  cunning,  uncouth. 
Cweth-an,  to  say — quoth,  bequeath. 
Cwic,  alive — quick,  quicken,  quickset,  quicksilver. 
Dael-an,  to  divide— deal,  dole,  dale,  dell. 


Dem-an,  to  judge — deem,  doom,  doomsday,  kingdom. 

Deor,  dear — dearth,  darling,  endear. 

Doan,  to  act — do,  don,  doff,  deed. 

Drag-an,    to    draw — drag,    draw,    dray,    draft,    drain, 

dredge,  draggle,  drawl. 
Drif-an,  to  push — drive,  drove,  drift,  adrift. 
Drige,  dry— dry,  drought,  drugs  (dried  plants). 
Drinc-an,  to  soak — drink,  drench. 
Drip-an,  to  drip — drip,  drop,  droop,  dribble,  driblet. 
Far-an,  to  go — far,   fare,   welfare,   ferry,   ford. 
Feng-an,  to  catch — fang,  finger,  new  fangled. 
Feower,  four — farthing,  firkin,  fourteen,  forty. 
Fleog-an,  to  flee— fly,  flight,  flea,  fledged. 
Fleot-an,  to  float— float,  fleet,  afloat,  flotsam. 
F6d-a,  food,  feed — food,  fodder,  foster,  father,  forage. 
Freon,  to   love — friend,    friendship,   Friya    (goddess   of 

love). 
Gal-an,  to   sing — gale,   yell,   nightingale. 
Gang-an,  to  go — gang,  gangway,  ago. 
Gnag-an,  to  bite — gnaw,  gnat,  nag  (to  tease). 
Graf -an,  to    dig,    cut — grave,    groove,    graft,    engrave, 

carve. 
Grip-an,  to  seize — grip,  gripe,  grasp,  grab,  grope. 
Gyrd-an,  to  surround — gird,  girdle,  garden,  yard,  vine- 
yard. 
Hael-an,  to  heal — hale,  holy,  hallow,  health,  hail,  whole, 

wholesome,  wassail. 
Hebb-an,  to     raise — heave,     heavy,     heave-offering, 

heaven. 
Hlaf,  bread,  loaf — lord,  loaf,  lady  (hlaf-kneader). 
Lieg-an,  to  live — lie,  lay,  layer,  lair,  outlay. 
Loda,  guide — lead,  lodestar,  lode-stone. 
Mag-an,  to  be  able — may.  main,  might,  mighty. 
Maw-an,  to  cut — mow,  math,  aftermath,  mead,  meadow 

(mown  spot). 
Mon-a,  moon — month,  moon,  moonshine. 
Nasu,  nose — nose,  nasal,  nostril,  nozzle. 
Penn-an,  to  shut  up — pen,  pin,  pound,  impound. 


(14) 


WORD  ROOTS  AND  DERIVATION'S. 


15 


Pic,  point— pike,  peak,  picket,  pike  (a  fish),  peck, 
pecker. 

Reaf,  clothing,  spoil — rob,  robber,  reave,  bereave,  reever, 
robe. 

Sceap-an,  to  form — shape,  ship,  scape,  (as  in  land- 
scape). 

Sceot-an,  to  throw — shoot,  shot,  shut,  sheet,  shutter, 
shuttle,   scud. 

Scer-an,  to  cut — shear,  share,  sheer,  shire,  scar,  scare, 
score,  sharp,  short,  shirt,  skirt,  shred,  scrip,  scrap. 

Schuf-an,  to  push — shove,  shovel,  shuffle,  scufflle,  sheaf, 
scoop. 

Sett-an,  to  set — set,  seat,  settle,  saddle. 

Slag-an,  to   strike — slay,   slaughter,   slog,   sledge. 

Slip-an,  to  slip — slop,  slipper,  sleeve. 

Snic-an,  to   crawl — sneak,   snake,   snail. 

Stearc,  stiff — stark,  strong,  string,  strength,  strangle. 

Stede,  place — stead,  instead,  homestead,  steady,  stead- 
fast, bestead. 

Stic-i-an,  to  stick — stick,  stitch,  stake,  stock,  stockade, 
stock-still. 

Stig-an,  to  climb — stair,  stile,  stirrup,  sty. 

Styr-an,  to  direct — steer,  stern,  steerage. 

Sweri-an,  to  declare — swear,  answer,  forswear. 

Taec-an,  to  teach — teach,  teacher,  token,  taught. 

Tell-an,  to  account— teU,  tale,  talk,  toll,  teller. 

Tech-an,  to  draw — tow,  tug. 

Thaec,  roof — thatch,  deck. 

Tred-an,  to  walk — tread,  treadle,  trade,  tradesman. 

Truwa,  good  faith — true,  truth,  troth,  betroth. 

Twa,  two — twain,  twelve,  twenty,  twig,  twine,  twist. 

Wana,  lacking — wan,  wane,  want,  wanton. 

Wef-an,  to  "weave — weaver,  web,  woof. 

War,  defense — war,  wary,  aware,  ward,  guard,  guardian. 

Wit-an,  to  know — wit,  wise,  wisdom,  wistful,  witness. 

Wraest-an,  to  wrest — wrest,  wrestle,  wrist. 

II.— LATIN  ROOTS  AND  DERIVATIONS. 

Here  is  found  a  list  of  the  Latin  root-words 
from  which  are  derived  the  more  important 
English  words  of  common  speech.  Some  of 
them  are  not  derived  directly  from  the  Latin, 
but  indirectly  through  the  French,  which  is  a 
Latin  language.  Observe  that  the  genitive 
case  of  many  Latin  nouns  forms  the  real  basis 
of  the  English  derivative.  When  so,  such 
genitive  will  be  found  in  parentheses.  Observe 
also  that  the  participles  of  verbs,  where  the 
verbs  are  irregular,  are  given  in  parentheses. 

Acer  (acris),  sharp,  gives  us  acrid,  acrimony,  vinegar, 
eager. 

iEdes,  a  building,  gives  us  edifice,  edify. 

.ffiquus,  equal — equality,  equator,  equation,  equity,  ade- 
quate, equinox,  etc. 

Ager,  field — agrarian,  agriculture,  peregrinate. 

Ago  (actum),  to  act — act,  agent,  agile,  agitate. 

Alter,  other — alternate,  altercation. 

Altus,  high — altar,  altitude,  alto,  exalt. 

Amo,  /  love — amiable,   amity,  amorous. 

Angulus,  corner — angle,  angular,  triangle,  etc. 

Anima,  life — animal,  animate,  animation. 

Animus,  mind — animadvert,  magnanimous,  unanimous, 
equanimity. 

Annus,  year — annual,  biennal,  anniversary,  perennial. 

Aqua,  water — aquatic,  aqueous,  acqueduct,  aquarium. 

Arcus,  bow — arc,  arch,  arcade. 


Ardeo,  burn — ardent,  ardor,  arson. 

Ars  (artis),  art— artist,  artisan,  artifice. 

Audio,  hear — audience,  audible,  auditorium. 

Augeo  (auctum),  increase — author,  augment,  augmenta- 
tion. 

Barba,  beard — barber,  barb,  barbe'. 

Bellum,  war — belligerent,   bellicose,   rebel,   rebellious. 

Bis,    twice — bicycle,    bisect,    bissextile,    biscuit    (twice 
baked). 

Brevis,    short — brevity,    brief,    abbreviate,    breviary, 
abridge. 

Caedo  (caesum),  cut — decide,  excision,  precise. 

Candidus,   white — candid,   candidate,   candle. 

Cano  (cantum),  sing— chant,  cant,  canticle,  incantation. 

Capio   (captum),  take — capacity,  captive,  accept. 

Caput,    head — cape,  capital,  captain,  chapter. 

Caro   (carnis),  flesh — carnal,  carnival,  carnivorous. 

Cavus,  hollow — cave,  cavity,  excavate,  concave. 

Centrum,  point — centre,  excentric,  centripetal. 

Centum,  hundred — cent,  century,  centurion. 

Cito,  call — citation,  recite,  excite,  incite. 

Civis,  citizen — civil,  civic,  civilize,  civilian,  city,  citizen. 

Clamo,  shout — claim,  clamor,  proclaim,   reclaim. 

Clarus,  clear — claret,  clarion,  clarify,  declare. 

Claudo  (clausum),  shut — clause,  close,  exclude. 

Clino,  bend — decline,  incline,  recline. 

Colo  (cultum),  ////—agriculture,  cultivate,  culture. 

Cor,  heart — cordial,  courage,  record,  discord. 

Corona,  crown — coroner,  coronet,  coronation,  corola. 

Corpus,  the  body — corps,  corpse,  corporation,  corpulent. 

Credo,  believe — credible,  credence,  creed,  creditor. 

Creo,  create — create,  creation,  creature,  recreation. 

Cresco,  groiv —  increase,  decrease,  increment. 

Crux   (crucis),  cross — crucial,  crucifix,  crucify,  cruise. 

Culpa,  fault — culpable,  culprit,  exculpate,  incuh>ate. 

Cura,  car?— curate,  curator,  accurate,  secure,  incurable. 

Curro  (cursum),  run — course,  current,  excursion,  cur- 
sory. 

Decern,   ten — December,   decimal,   decimate. 

Dens  (dentis),  tooth — dental,  dentist,  indent,  trident. 

Deus,  God — deity,  deify. 

Dico,  say — dictionary,  dictate,  verdict. 

Dies,  day — diary,   diurnal,  meridian. 

Dignus,  worthy — dignify,  dignity,  indignant. 

Do  (datum),  give — date,  data,  donor. 

Doceo  (doctum),  teach — doctor,  doctrine,  docile. 

Dominus,  lord — dominion,  dominant,  domineer,  dame. 

Domus,  house — domicile,  domestic,  dome. 

Dormio,  sleep — dormant,  dormitory,  dormer,  (window). 

Duco  (ductum),  lead — duke,  education,  induct,  product. 

Duo,  tivo — double,  dual,  duel,  duplicate. 

Eo   (itum),  go — circuit,  exit,  transit. 

Erro,  wander — err,  error,  aberration. 

Facio    (factum),   make — fact,    fashion,    faction,    factor, 
manufacture. 

Fero  (latum),  carry— infer,  refer,  suffer,  defer,  relative. 

Fido,  trust — confide,  diffident,  infidel. 

Filum,  thread — fillet,  enfilade,  filament,  file,  profile. 

Finis,  end — finite,  infinite,  finish. 

Firmus,  firm — affirm,  infirm,  confirm. 

Flecto    (flexum),   bend — inflect,  flexible. 

Flos  (floris),  flower — flora,  floral,  florid. 

Fluo  (fluxum),  flow— fluent,  fluid,  flux,  affluent. 

Folium,  leaf — foliage,  foil,  portfolio,  trefoil. 
Forma,  form — form,  formal,  reform,  conform. 


16 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


Fortis,  strong — force,  fortify,  fortitude,  fortress. 

Frango  (fractus),  break — fragment,  fragile,  infraction. 

Frater,  brother — fraternal,  friar,  fratricide. 

Frons  (frontis),  forehead — front,  frontal,  frontier,  fron- 
tispiece. 

Fugio,  Ace — fugitive,  refuge,  subterfuge. 

Fundo  (fusum),  pour  out— fount,  foundry,  funnel,  fus- 
ible, diffusion. 

Fundus,  bottom — founder,  foundation,  profound. 

Gens  (gentis),  race,  nation — gentle,  gentile,  genteel. 

Gradus,  step — grade,  degrade,  graduate,  gradient. 

Gratia,  favor — grateful,  gratitude,  gratis. 

Gravis,  heavy — grave,  gravity,  grief. 

Habeo   (habitum),  have — habit,  hability,  (ability). 

Homo,  man — homage,  human,  humane. 

Ignis,  fire — igneous,  ignite. 

Impero,  command — imperative,  imperial,  empire,  em- 
peror. 

Insula,  island — island,  insular,  peninsular. 

Jacio   (jecttim),  throw — inject,  project,  object,  subject. 

Judex  (judicis),  judge — judicial,  judgment. 

Jungo  (junctum),  join — junction,  junta,  juncture,  ad- 
junct. 

Jus  (juris),  right — justice,  jury,  injury. 

Labor  (lapsus),  slide,  fall — lapse,  collapse,  relapse. 

Laus  (laudis),  praise — laud,  laudable,  laudation. 

Lego  (lectum),  read,  collect — lecture,  legible,  collect, 
legend,  select,  elector. 

Lego   (legatum),  send — delegate,  legacy,  legate. 

Levis,  light — levity,  lever,  leaven,  relief,  alleviate. 

Lex,  hnu — legal,  legitimate,  legislate. 

Liber,  free — liberty,  liberal,  libertine. 

Liber,  book — library,  librarian. 

Ligo,  bind — liable,  ligament,  religion,  oblige,  obligatory. 

Litera,  letter — literal,  literary,  literature. 

Locus,  place — local,  dislocate,  locomotion. 

Loquor  (locutus),  speak — loquacity,  elocution,  colloquy 

Ludo  (lusum),  play — elude,  illusion,  ludicrous,  inter- 
lude. 

Lumen,  light — luminary,  luminous,  illuminate.' 

Luna,  moon — lunar,  lunatic,  sublunary. 

Luo  (lutum),  wash — ablution,  dilute,  diluvium. 

Lux,  light — lucid,  pellucid,  elucidate. 

Magnus,  great — magnitude,  magnify,  magnificent,  mag- 
nanimous. 

Malus,  bad — malady,  malice,  malaria. 

Maneo,  remain — mansion,  manse,  permanent. 

Mare,  sea — marine,  mariner,  maritime. 

Mater,  mother— maternal,  matron,  matriculate,  matrix, 
matrimony. 

Maturus,  ripe — mature,  immature,  premature. 

Medius,  middle — medium,  mediate. 

Memor,  mindful — memory,  memoir,  commemorate. 

Mens   (mentis),  mind — mental,  demented. 

Mergo  (mersum),  dip,  sink— merge,  emerge,  immersion, 
emergency. 

Miles,  soldier — militia,  military,  millitant. 

Miror,  admire — mirage,  miracle,  admirable. 

Mitto,  send — missile,  mission,  remit. 

Modus,  measure — mood,  modify,  model,  moderate. 

Moneo,  remind — monition,  monitor,  monument. 

Mons  (montis),  mountain — mount,  amount,  promon- 
tory. 

Mors   (mortis),  death— mortal,  mortify,  immortal. 

Moveo  (motum),  move — motive,  motor,  mobile. 

Multus,  many— multitude,  multiply,  multiple. 

Nascor  (natus),  be  born— natal,  nature,  nativity. 


Navis,  ship — naval,  navy,  navigate. 

Necto   (nexum),  bind — annex,  connect. 

Nego  (negatum),  deny — negative,  negation. 

Noceo,  injure — noxious,  innocent,  obnoxious. 

Nomen,   name — nominal,  nominate,  nomenclature. 

Novus,  new — novel,  novelty,  renovate. 

Nox,  night — nocturnal,  equinox. 

Nudus,  naked — nude,  denude,  nudation. 

Numerus,  number — numeration,  enumerate,  numerable. 

Octo,  eight — October,  octogon,  octave. 

Omnis,  all — omnibus,  omnipotent,  omniverous. 

Opis  (operis),  work — opera,  operate,  operative. 

Ordo   (ordinis),  order — ordinary,  ordinal,  ordinance. 

Oro,  pray — orator,  oration,  oratorio. 

Pando    (passum),  spread — pace,  expand,  compass. 

Pars,  part — parcel,  partner,  particle,  partition. 

Pasco   (pastum),  feed — pastor,  pasture,  repast. 

Pater,  father — paternal,  paternity,  patrimony. 

Patior  (passus),  suffer — passion,  passive,  impatient. 

Pax,  peace — pacific,  pacify. 

Pello   (pulsum),  drive — expel,  repel,  expulsion. 

Pendeo  (pensum),  hang — append,  depend,  pendant,  sus- 
pend. 

Pes   (pedis),  foot — pedal,  pedestrian,  impede,  biped. 

Planus,  level — plain,  plane,  plan,  explain. 

Pleo    (pletum),  fill — complete,  supplement. 

Poena,  punishment — penal,  penance,  penalty,  penitent. 

Pono   (positum),  place — position,  post,  deponent. 

Porto,  carry — export,  report,  deportment. 

Primus,  first — primary,  primitive,  prince. 

Probo,  prove — probe,  probable,  approve,  improve. 

Proprius,  one's  own — proper,  propriety,  property. 

Quatuor,  four — quart,  quarter,  quadrant. 

Radix,  root — radical,  radish,  eradicate. 

Rego   (rectum),  rule — regal,  regent,  rector,  regulate. 

Rideo   (risum),  laugh — deride,  ridiculous,  risible. 

Rota,  wheel — round,  rotary,  rotund,  rotation. 

Rumpo  (ruptum),  break — rupture,  eruption,  corruption. 

Sacer,  sacred — sacrament,  sacrilege,  sacristan  (sexton). 

Salio   (saltum),  leap — sally,  assail,  salmon. 

Sanctus,  holy — saint,  sanctify,  sanctuary. 

Scio,   know — science,  omniscience,  conscience. 

Scribo    (scriptum),   write — scribe,   scribble,   scripture. 

Seco   (sectum),  cut — section,  dissect,  insect. 

Sedeo   (sessum),  set — sit,  sediment,  subside. 

Sentio,  feel—  sense,  sentiment,  sensual. 

Septem,  seven — September,  septenary,  septemvir. 

Sequor  (secutus.),  follow  —  sequel,  sequence,  conse- 
quence. 

Servio,  serve — servant,  service,  sergeant. 

Signum,  sign — signify,  designate,  ensign. 

Similis,  like — similar,  similitude,  resemble. 

Socius,  companion — social,  society,  associate. 

Solus,  alone — sole,  solo,  solitude. 

Specio   (spectum),  see — aspect,  spectator,  spectre. 

Spiro,  breathe — aspire,  inspire,  conspire. 

Statuo,  set  up — statue,  stature,  statute. 

Struo   (structum),  build — structure,  construct,  obstruct. 

Sumo  (sumptum),  take — assume,  consume. 

Tango  (tactum),  touch — contact,  tangible,  contagious. 

Tempus   (temporis),  time — temporal,  contemporary. 

Tendo   (tensum),  stretch — attend,  tense,  tendon. 

Teneo   (tentum),  hold — tenant,  tenet,  tendril. 

Terminus,  boundary — term,  terminate. 

Terra,  earth — terrestrial,  subterranean.  , 


WORD  ROOTS  AND  DERIVATIONS. 


17 


Terreo,  frighten — deter,  terror,  terrible. 

Texo  (textum),  weave — text,  textile,  texture. 

Timeo,  fear — timid,  timidity,  timorous. 

Torqueo  (tortum),  twist — torment,  torture,  contort. 

Traho  (tractum),  draw — tract,  traction,  contract. 

Tres,  three — trefoil,  trio,  trinity. 

Tribuo,  give — tributary,  tribute,  contribute. 

Tumeo,  swell — tumor,  tumult,  tomb. 

Unus,  one — uniform,  union,  unit,  unite. 

Urbs,  city — urbane,  urban,  urbanity. 

Valeo,  be  strong— valiant,  valor,  prevail. 

Vanus,  empty— vain,  vanity,  vanish. 

Venio,  come — advent,  convene,  venture. 

Verbum,  ivord — verb,  adverb,  proverb,  verbal. 

Verto   (versum),  turn — convert,  divert,  versatile. 

Verus,  true — verify,  verity,  verdict,  veracious. 

Video  (visum),  see— vision,  visit,  provision,  revision. 

Vinco   (victum),  conquer — victor,  victory,  convict. 

Vivo   (victum),  live — vivid,  revive,  survive. 

Voco   (vocatum),  call — vocal,  vocation,  vowel. 

Volvo    (volutum),  roll — revolve,   revolution,  volume. 

Vulgus,  common — vulgar,  vulgate,  divulge. 

III.— GREEK  ROOTS  AND  DERIVATIONS. 

Agon,  contest — agony,  agonize,  antagonist. 

Angelos,  messenger — angel,  evangelist,  evangelical. 

Anthropos,   man — anthropology,  philanthropist. 

Archos,  beginning,  rule — archaic,  monarch,  archbishop. 

Aster,  star — astronomy,  astrology,  asteroid. 

Atmos,  vapor — atmosphere,  atmology. 

Autos,  self — autocrat,  autograph,  automobile. 

Bapto,   dip — baptise,  baptist,  baptistry. 

Biblos,  book — Bible,  biblicist,  bibliography. 

Bios,  life — biography,  biology,  amphibious. 

Cheir,  hand — chirography,  chiropodist,  chirurgeon  (sur- 
geon). 

Chole,  bile — choler,  melancholy,  cholera. 

Chrio,  anoint — Christ,  chrism. 

Chronos,  time — chronicle,  chronology,  chronic,  chron- 
ometer. 

Deka,  ten — decade,  decagon,  decalogue,  decagram. 

Demos,  people — democrat,  endemic,  epidemic. 

Doxa,  opinion — doxology,  orthodox,  dogma,  dogmatic. 

Drao,  do — drama,  dramatic,  dramaturgy. 

Dunamis,  power — dynamics,  dynamite,  dynamo. 

Eidos,  form — conchoid,  spheroid,  kaleidoscope. 

Eikon,  image — icon,  iconograph,  iconoclast. 

Electron,  amber — electric,  electricity,  electrotype,  elec- 
troplate. 

Eu,  well — eucharist,  euphony,  evangel. 

Gamos,  marriage — monogamy,  bigamy,  misogamist. 

Ge,  earth — geography,  geology,  geometry. 

Grapho,  write — graphic,  biography,  telegraph. 

Hecaton,  hundred — hectogram,  hecatomb,  hectograph. 

Hieros,  sacred — hierarchy,  hieroglyphic,  hierophant. 

Hippos,  horse — hippodrome,  hippopotamus,  hippotomy. 

Hodos,  way — exodus,  method,  period. 

Homos,  same  —  homogeneous,  homologous,  homeo- 
pathic. 

Hudor,  water — hydraulics,  hydrophobia,  hydrogen. 

Klino.  tend — clinic,  climate,  climax,  climacteric. 

Kosmos,  order,  world — cosmos,  cosmopolitan,  cosmo- 
gony. 

Kuklos,  circle — cycle,  cyclone,  cycloid,  cyclopedia. 

Lego,  say — lexicon,  eclectic,  lexicology. 


Logos,  speech — logic,  geology,  dialogue,  theology. 

Meter,  mother — metrotomy,  metropolis,  metropolitan. 

Metron,   measure — meter,  diameter,  thermometer. 

Monos,  alone — monarch,  monogram,  monastery. 

Morphe,  shape  —  metamorphic,  amorphous,  metamor- 
phose. 

Naus,  ship — nautical,  nausea,  Argonaut. 

Nomos,  law — Deuteronomy,  astronomy,  autonomy. 

Oikos,  house — economy,  economic 

Onoma,  name — anonymous,  synonymous. 

Orthos,  right — orthodox,  orthography,  orthoepy. 

Pan,  all — pantheist,  panoply,  panorama,  pantomime. 

Pathos,  feeling — pathos,  pathetic,  sympathy. 

Pente,  five — Pentecost,  pentateuch,  pentagon. 

Petra,  rock — Peter,  petrify,  petrel,  petroleum. 

Phileo,  love — philosophy,  philharmonic,  philanthropy. 

Phone,  sound — euphony,  phonic,  symphony,  telephonic. 

Phos,  light — phosphorescent,  photograph,  photometer, 
phosphorus. 

Polis,  city — Constantinople,  metropolis,  police. 

Polus,  many — polyandry,  polygamy,  polytheist. 

Pous,  foot — tripod,  antipode,  gasteropod. 

Protos,  first — protoplasm,  prototype,  protocol. 

Pur,  fire — pyre,  pyrites,  pyrotechnic. 

Rheo,  How — rhetoric,  rheumatism,  catarrh. 

Skopeo,  see — episcopes  (bishop),  telescope,  microscope. 

Sophia,  wisdom — philosophy,  theosophy,  sophist. 

Stello,  send — epistle,  apostle. 

Stratos,   army — strategy,   strategem,   strategic. 

Tele,  end,  distant — telegraph,  telephone,  telescope. 

Theos,  god — theist,  theology,  theocracy. 

Therme,   heat — thermal,  isothermal,  thermometer. 

Treis,  three — trinity,  triangle,  tripod,  trigonometry. 

Tupos,  impression — type,  typography,  stereotype. 

Zoon,  animal — zoology,  zoophyte,  zootomy. 


WORDS    DERIVED    FROM    THE    NAMES    OF 
PERSONS,  PLACES,  ETC. 

Argosy,  from  Jason's  ship  "Argo,"  in  which  he  sailed 

in  search  of  the  Golden  Fleece. 
Assassin,  from  the  Syrian  word  haschisch,  a  drug  pre- 
pared from  hemp,  to  whose  use  a  fanatical  set  was 

addicted. 
Atlas,  from  Atlas,  a  Titan  god,  who  was  pictured  as 

strong  enough  to  bear  the  world  on  his  shoulders. 
August,  from  the  Roman  Emperor  Augustus  Caesar. 
Bacchanalian,  from  Bacchus,  Roman  god  of  wine. 
Boycott,  from  Capt.  Boycott,  an  Irish  land  agent,  with 

whom  his  neighbors  refused  to  deal. 
Chimera,   from  Chimaera,  a  Greek  monster,  half  goat, 

half  lion. 
Cravat,  from  the  Croats  of  Croatia,  who  supplied  the 

Austrian  army  with  a  certain  kind  of  neck-ties. 
Dahlia,  from  Dahl,  a  Swedish  botanist. 
Dunce,    from    Duns    Scotus,    whose    followers    were 

looked  upon  as  dunces. 
Epicure,  from  Epicurus,  a  Greek  philosopher,  said  to 

have  been  fond  of  good  living. 
Fauna,    the    animals    of    a    country;    from    Faunus,    a 

Roman  god  of  the  woods  and  country. 
Flora,    the    plants    of    a    region ;    from    Flora,    Roman 

goddess  of  flowers. 
Galvanism,   from   Galvani,  an  Italian  student  of  anat- 
omy, who  discovered,  by  experiments  on  frogs,  that 

animals  possess  electricity. 


18 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


Gordian,  descriptive  of  an  intricate  knot  tied  by  Gord- 
ius,  King  of  Phrygia.  No  one  could  untie  it.  Word 
went  abroad  that  whoever  untied  it  would  take  the 
kingdom.  Alexander  the  Great  tried  to  untie  it,  but. 
failed,  whereupon  he  cut  it  with  his  sword  and  seized 
the  kingdom. 

Guillotine,  a  French  beheading  instrument,  invented  by 
Dr.  Guillotin  during  the  French  Revolution. 

Hansom,  a  cab,  named  from  Hansom,  the  inventor. 

Hector,  to  talk  braggingly;  from  Hector,  a  Trojan 
leader,  given  to  big  talk. 

Hermetically,  sealed  so  tightly  as  to  exclude  air ;  from 
Hermes,  a  Greek  god,  fabled  as  the  inventor  of  chem- 
istry. 

Jacobin,  a  French  revolutionist.  The  revolutionists 
met  in  the  hall  of  the  Jacobin  Friars,  Paris. 

Jacobite,  a  follower  of  Jacobus  (James  II),  who  wa9 
driven  from  the  English  throne  in  1688. 

January,  from  the  Roman  god  Janus,  with  two  faces, 
looking  to  the  past  and  future. 

Jovial,  that  happy  disposition  supposed  to  belong  to 
one  born  under  the  influence  of  the  planet  Jupiter 
(Jove). 

July,  from  Julius  Caesar,  who  was  born  in  this  month. 

Lazaretto,  hospital  or  pesthouse ;  from  Lazarus,  the 
beggar  who  sat  at  the  gate  of  Dives. 

Lynch,  Lynch-Law,  so  called  from  Judge  Lynch,  of 
Tennessee,  who  made  short  work  of  trials  and  pun- 
ishments. 

Macadamize,  from  its  inventor,  John  Macadam,  of 
England  (1827).  He  was  given  iio.ooo  by  the  Gov- 
ernment for  his  plan  of  making  roads  out  of  broken 
stone  which  cohered  in  a  solid  mass. 

March,  so  called  from  Mars,  Roman  god  of  war. 

Martinet,  a  military  disciplinarian  of  severe  turn;  from 
General   Martinet,  of  France. 

Mausoleum,  a  costly  tomb;  from  Mausolus,  King  of 
Caria,  Asia  Minor,  to  whom  his  widow  erected  an 
elegant  burial-chamber. 

Mentor,  adviser;  from  Mentor,  teacher  of  Telemachus, 
son  of  Ulysses. 

Mercurial,  that  gay  and  light  disposition  of  one  born 
under  the  influence  of  the  planet  Mercury. 

Ohm,  the  standard  measure  of  electrical  resistance;  so 
called  in  honor  of  the  German  electrician  G.  S.  Ohm. 

Panic,  sudden  terror;  from  Pan,  god  of  shepherds 
and  flocks,  who  sometimes  appeared  suddenly  to 
travelers. 

Parrot  is  the  English  word  Peter  (Stone)  in  its  French 
form  of  Pierre  or  Peterkin   (little  Peter). 

Petrel,  sea  bird ;  a  diminutive  of  the  English  word 
Peter  (Stone),  probably  so  called  in  allusion  to  St. 
Peter's  walking  on  the  sea.     (Matt,  xvi,  29.) 

Phaeton,  a  kind  of  carriage ;  from  Phaeton,  son  of 
Helios  (Sun).  He  is  fabled  as  having  obtained  per- 
mission to  drive  the  chariot  of  the  Sun  for  one  day, 
in  doing  which  he  would  have  set  the  world  on  fire, 
had  he  not  been  struck  with  a  thunderbolt  by  Jupiter 
and  hurled  headlong  into  the  river  Po. 

Philippic,  acrimonious  invective;  from  the  orations  of 
Demosthenes,  the  Athenian  orator,  against  Philip  of 
Macedon. 

Plutonic,  igneous,  pertaining  to  the  rocky  interior  of 
the  earth;  from  Pluto,  the  dark  and  gloomy  god  of 
the  lower  world. 

Protean,  many-shaped ;  from  Proteus,  a  sea-god  in  the 
service  of  Neptune,  who  assumed  different  shapes  at 
will. 

Quixotic,  like  Don  Quixote;  romantic  to  extravagance. 
Don  Quixote  is  the  hero  of  the  national  Spanish 
romance  of  Cervantes.  He  tilted  with  windmills  and 
engaged  in  many  other  ludicrous  feats. 


Simony,  the  crime  of  buying  and  selling  ecclesiastical 
preferments;  from  Simon  Magus,  who  wished  to  pur- 
chase the  power  of  conferring  the  holy  spirit. 

Stentorian,  loud-voiced ;  from  Stentor,  a  herald  in 
Homer's  Iliad,  noted  for  his  very  loud  voice. 

Tantalize,  to  tease  or  torment ;  from  Tantalus,  a  Phryg- 
ian king,  who  was  punished  in  Hades  by  being  placed 
in  water  up  to  his  chin,  but  with  which  he  could  not 
quench  his  thirst,  and  by  branches,  laden  with  fruits, 
over  his  head,  which  receded  every  time  he  reached 
for  them. 

Tawdry,  line,  showy,  but  lacking  taste ;  said  to  be  cor- 
rupted from  St.  Audrey  and  implying,  therefore, 
originally  bought  at  St.  Audrey's  fair,  where  all  sorts 
of  laces  and  toys  were  annually  sold. 

Volcano,  the  supposed  chimney  of  a  workshop  of  Vul- 
can, Roman  god  of  fire  and  smithing. 

Volt,  the  unit  of  electro-motive  force;  named  from 
Volt,  an  Italian  electrician. 

Watt,  the  unit  of  electrical  power;  named  from  James 
Watt,  a  distinguished  scientist  and  mechanician. 


WORDS    DERIVED    FROM    THE   NAMES    OF 
PLACES   ONLY. 

Academy,  from  Academia,  the  garden  or  grove  near 
Athens,  named  in  honor  of  the  hero  Academus,  where 
Plato  taught  and  held  his  conferences. 

Artesian,  from  Artois  (ancient  Artesium),  in  France, 
where  many  of  the  deep,  narrow  wells,  known  as 
Artesian,  have  been  bored  during  the  last  hundred 
years. 

Bayonet,  from  Bayonne,  France,  because  the  first  bayo- 
nets were  made  there. 

Bedlam,  corrupted  form  of  Bethlehem,  formerly  the 
name  of  a  hospital  for  lunatics  in  London ;  hence  a 
madhouse,  or  any  place  for  the  confinement  and  care 
of  the  insane. 

Cambric,  from  Cambrai  (Cambray),  France,  where 
this  fine  kind  of  linen  was  first  made. 

Canter,  from  Canterbury,  England,  because  the  pil- 
grims riding  thither  rode  at  a  Canterbury  gallop ; 
that  is,  a  moderate  and  easy  gallop  (canter)  adapted 
to  pleasure   riding. 

Carronade,  from  Carron,  Scotland,  where  this  kind  of 
short  cannon  was  first  made. 

Copper  comes  into  the  English  language  from  the 
Latin  cuprum;  but  this  word  is  expressive  of  an 
older  one,  to  wit,  Cyprium,  Cyprium  aes  =  Cypriam 
brass,  because  the  island  of  Cyprus,  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean was  noted  for  its  copper  mines. 

Currants  =  raisins  of  Corinth,  in  Greece,  whence,  prob- 
ably, the  small,  dried  grape  was  first  imported.  Cur- 
rants are  still  grown  in  large  quantities  in  and  about 
Corinth. 

Damask,  from  the  city  of  Damascus,  because  the  silk, 
known  as  damask,  was  a  distinctive  product  of  that 
place. 

Damson,  from  Damascus,  through  the  adjective  dam- 
ascene =  of  or  from  Damascus,  alluding  to  the  small, 
oval  plum  of  a  blue  color,  which  grew  there. 

Dollar,  from  the  German  word  thaler,  meaning  vale  or 
valley.  The  piece  of  money  called  thaler,  or  dollar, 
was  first  coined  about  the  year  1518,  in  the  valley 
(thai)   of  St.  Joachim,  Bohemia. 

Elysian,  from  Elysium,  the  dwelling-place  of  happy 
Grecian  souls  after  death.  Hence  the  adjective  sense 
of  exceedingly  delightful,  beatific. 

Ermine,  the  fur  of  the  Armenian  rat,  the  animal  being 
found  plentifully  in  Armenia. 


WORD  ROOTS  AND  DERIVATIONS. 


19 


Florin,  from  Florence.  A  silver  coin  of  Florence,  first 
struck  in  the  twelfth  century,  and  noted  for  its  beauty. 
The  English  florin  is  worth  about  48  cents. 

Gasconade,  from  Gascon,  an  inhabitant  of  Gascony,  in 
France,  the  people  of  which  were  noted  for  boasting. 

Gipsy,  or  Gypsy,  corrupted  form  of  Egyptian,  because 
Gipsies  were  supposed  to  come  from  Egypt. 

Guinea,  an  English  gold  coin,  so  called  from  the 
Guinea  gold  out  of  which  it  was  first  struck  in  1663. 
It  had  a  value  of  twenty  shillings,  or  five  dollars. 

Hock,  from  Hochheim,  Germany,  famed  for  the  mak- 
ing of  this  kind  of  Rhenish  wine  and  for  its  vine- 
yards. 

Indigo,  from  indicus,  of  or  belonging  to  India,  because 
the  plants  producing  the  blue  color  are  found  in 
India. 

Laconic,  from  Laconia,  Greece,  because  the  Laconians 
or  Spartans  were  brief,  pithy  and  laconic  in  their 
speech. 

Lilliputian,  from  Lilliput,  an  imaginary  country  des- 
cribed in  "Gulliver's  Travels,"  whose  people  were 
extremely  small. 

Lumber,  in  the  sense  of  sawed  timber,  is  a  word 
peculiar  to  the  United  States.  Its  general  sense  is 
that  of  refuse  or  useless  stuff,  from  Lombard.  The 
Lombards  were  the  money  lenders  and  pawnbrokers 
of  the  Middle  Ages.  They  called  the  room  in  which 
they  stored  their  pledges  a  "Lombard-room,"  which 
eventually  became  "lumber-room.''  or  place  for  stor- 
ing useless  stuff  of  any  kind. 

Meander,  a  winding,  crooked  course,  comes  from 
Maeander,  a  river  in  Phrygia,  Asia  Minor,  proverbial 
for  its  many  windings. 

Magnesia,  from  Magnesia,  in  Thessaly,  because  this 
light,  earthy  substance  was  first  obtained  from  the 
metallic  element  found  there. 

Magnet,  the  loadstone,  or  silvery  iron  ore  with  mag- 


netic properties,  was  originally  known  as  Magnesian- 
stone,  or  stone   from   Magnesia,  Thessaly. 

Milliner,  from  Milaner,  an  inhabitant  of  Milan,  in 
Italy ;  hence  a  man  from  Milan,  who  imported  wo- 
men's finery. 

Muslin,  from  Mosul,  a  city  of  Mesopotamia,  where  the 
fabric  was  first  manufactured. 

Palace,  from  Palatium,  one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome 
on  which  Augustus  had  his  residence.  Hence  the 
general  meaning  of  house  of  a  king  or  ruler. 

Peach,  the  apple  or  fruit  from  Persia — Persian  apple. 
The  word  came  into  Latin  in  the  form  of  pcrsica, 
into  French  as  pesche,  into  Old  English  as  pcche. 

Pheasant  is  the  Phasian  bird ;  that  is,  the  bird  from 
the  river  Phasis,  a  river  in  Colchis  or  Pontus,  Asia 
Minor,  whence  they  were  first  brought. 

Port,  the  dark  red  wine  made  in,  or  shipped  from, 
Oporto,  Portugal. 

Rhubarb  comes  into  English  through  the  French  rhu- 
barbe,  which  was  the  Latin  rhcubarbarum  =  wild  Rha 
plant ;  that  is,  the  plant  which  grew  on  the  banks 
of  the  river  Rha  (old  name  for  the  Volga),  in  Russia. 

Sherry,  the  Spanish  light-colored  wine,  so  called  from 
Xeres,  a  town  near  Cadiz,  the  x  in  Spanish  having 
been  formerly  pronounced  like  sh   in   English. 

Solecism  is  the  Greek  word  soloikos,  speaking  incor- 
rectly, from  the  corruption  of  the  Attic  dialect  among 
the  Athenian  colonists  of  Soloi,  a  town  in  Cilicia, 
Asia  Minor. 

Spaniel,  the  dog  peculiar  to  Hispania  =  Spain. 

Stoic  is  from  the  Greek  word  stoa,  the  roofed  colonnade, 
or  porch,  in  Athens,  where  Zeno  and  his  successors 
taught. 

Utopian,  from  Eutopia,  an  imaginary  island,  repre- 
sented in  Sir  Thomas  More's  work,  called  Utopia, 
as  a  place  enjoying  perfection  in  politics,  law,  and 
the  like. 


A  STUDY  OF  THE  FORMS  AND  RELATIONS 

OF  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


LANGUAGE.  Spoken  language  consists  of  a  number  of  connected  sounds  conveying  the 
idea  or  meaning  of  one  using  them.  There  must,  too,  be  a  hearer  of  such  sounds  who  has 
agreed  that  they  shall  mean  what  the  speaker  desires  to  express.  When  a  large  number  of 
people  are  so  agreed,  spoken  language  becomes  a  vehicle  of  expression  in  a  wide  sense.  But 
as  people  grow  more  intelligent,  the  need  of  a  written  language  begins  to  be  felt.  There- 
fore, all  civilized  peoples  have,  in  the  course  of  time  and  not  without  difficulty,  made  them- 
selves a  set  of  signs  by  means  of  which  the  sounds  agreed  upon  for  expression  of  ideas 
may  be  indicated  on  paper,  that  is,  may  become  written  or  printed.  These  signs  take  the 
form  of  letters,  and  the  science  of  letters  is  called  Alphabetics,  while  the  science  of  sounds 
is  called  Phonetics. 


ENGLISH  GRAMMAR. 

Parts  of  Grammar. — Grammar  considers  and 
examines  language  from  its  smallest  parts  up 
to  its  most  complex  parts.  The  smallest  part 
of  a  written  language  is  a  letter;  the  next 
smallest  part  is  a  word;  with  words  we  make 
sentences;  with  words  we  also  make  musically 
measured  sentences,  or  verse.  There  are,  then, 
four  kinds  or  parts  of  grammar: 

(i)  Orthography,  or  the  grammar  of  letters.  Or- 
thography literally  means  right  writing,  or  the  part  of 
grammar  which  treats  of  letters  and  the  art  of  spelling 
correctly. 

(ii)  Etymology,  or  the  grammar  of  words.  Ety- 
mology literally  means  true  account,  or  the  part  of 
grammar  which  relates  to  the  changes  in  the  form 
of  words  in  the  language ;  inflection. 

(iii)  Syntax,  or  the  grammar  of  sentences.  Syntax 
literally  means  together  in  order,  or  the  part  of  grammar 
which  treats  of  the  proper  construction  of  sentences. 

(iv)  Prosody,  or  the  grammar  of  musical  or  meas- 
ured verse.  Prosody  literally  means  to  or  for  a  song, 
or  the  part  of  grammar  which  treats  of  the  quantity 
of  syllables,  of  accent,  and  of  the  laws  of  versification  or 
metrical  composition. 

ORTHOGRAPHY; 

Or,  the  Grammar  of  Sounds  and  Letters. 

Sounds. — In  English  there  are  two  kinds  of 
sounds:  (i)  open  sounds,  (ii)  stopped  sounds. 
The  open  sounds  are  called  vowels,  the  stopped 
sounds  consonants. 

Vowels. — Vowels  do  not  need  the  aid  of 
other  letters  to  enable  them  to  be  sounded. 
When  two  vowels  are  sounded  together  in  a 
word,  as  oi  in  boil,  or  ai  in  aisle,  they  are  called 


a  diphthong;  when  three  are  sounded  together, 
as  can  in  beauty,  they  are  called  a  triphthong. 

The  vowels  are  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  and  sometimes 
w  and  y.    All  other  letters  are  consonants. 

W  and  y  are  vowels  except  when  they  precede  a 
vowel  sound  in  the  same  syllable.  W  in  won  is  a  con- 
sonant ;  but  w  in  law  is  a  vowel.  Y  in  young  is  a  con- 
sonant; but  y  in  boy  is  a  vowel. 

Consonants. — There  are  different  ways  of 
stopping  or  checking  the  continuous  flow  of 
sound. 

(i)  Labials. — Labial  pertains  to'  the  lip.  When 
sounds  are  stopped  by  the  lips,  as  in  ib,  ip,  such  con- 
sonants are  called  Labials. 

(ii)  Dentals. — Dental  pertains  to  the  teeth.  When 
sounds  are  stopped  by  the  teeth,  as  in  id,  it,  such  conso- 
nants are  called  Dentals. 

(iii)  Gutturals. — Guttural  pertains  to  the  throat. 
When  sounds  are  stopped  in  the  throat,  as  in  ig,  ik, 
such  consonants  are  called  Gutturals. 

(iv)  Palatals. — Palat..  pertains  to  the  palate. 
Sounds  uttered  by  the  aid  of  the  palate,  as  k  in  kirk, 
are  called  Palatals. 

The  first  three  of  the  above  set  of  sounds  are  classed 
as  Mutes,  because  the  sound  comes  to  a  sudden  stop. 
Some  consonants  do  not  stop  abruptly,  but  have  a  pro- 
longed sound ;  such  are  called  Spirants,  or  breathing 
letters. 

The  Alphabet. — The  letters  of  any  language 
are  called  its  Alphabet.  The  English  alpha- 
bet contains  twenty-six  letters.  These  letters 
represent  some  forty-three  separate  sounds. 
The.  alphabet  is,  therefore,  not  a  perfect  one, 
the  vowels  chiefly  being  called  upon  to  do  more 
than  their  share  of  work.  Yet  such  letters  as 
c,  q,  x,  w  and  y  could  be  dispensed  with,  for 
the  work  of  c  could  be  done  by  a  k  or  s;  that 


(20) 


A  STUDY  OF  THE  FORMS  AND  RELATIONS  OF  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


21 


of  q  by  k ;  x  equals  ks  or  gs;  w  could  be  repre- 
sented by  oo,  and  the  work  of  y  could  be  done 
by  i. 

ETYMOLOGY; 

Or,  the  Grammar  of  Words. 

Classification  of  Words. — There  are  nine 
kinds  or  classes  of  words  in  our  language. 
They  are  commonly  called  "Parts  of  Speech." 
These  parts  of  speech  are  classed  and  defined 
as  follows: 

I.— THE  ARTICLE. 

The  Article  is  the  word  a,  an  or  the  placed 
before  a  noun  to  show  whether  it  is  used 
definitely  or  indefinitely. 

(i)  A  is  called  the  Indefinite  Article,  and  the  the 
Definite  Article. 

(2)  A  is  written  before  a  consonant  sound,  as  a 
cow,  a  bird.  The  article  a  is  written  an  when  placed 
before  a  vowel  sound ;  as  an  eagle,  an  ass. 

(3)  A  or  an  means  one,  and  is  used  only  before  the 
singular  number;  as  a  man,  an  apple. 

(4)  The  Definite  Article  the  designates  some  par- 
ticular noun,  and  is  used  before  both  the  singular  and 
plural  numbers ;  as  the  house,  the  houses. 

Some  grammarians  class  articles  with  adjectives,  as 
modifying  words  with  limited  power. 

II.— THE  NOUN. 

A  noun  is  the  name  of  any  person,  place  or 
thing;  it  is  also  any  word  or  words  used  as  a 
name.  John,  ball,  house,  book,  are  all  names, 
therefore  nouns.  To  zvalk  is  healthful ;  here  to 
walk  is  the  name  of  an  action,  and  is,  therefore, 
a  noun. 

(1)  Nouns  are  of  two  classes,  Proper  and  Com- 
mon. 

(2)  A  Proper  noun  is  the  name  of  an  individual, 
and  is  given  to  only  one  of  a  class  of  objects;  as  John, 
London,  Shakespeare.  It  should  always  begin  with  a 
capital   letter. 

(3)  A  Common  noun  is  the  name  of  a  person,  place 
or  thing,  considered  not  merely  as  an  individual,  but 
as  one  of  a  class;  as  horse,  toivn.  boy,  river. 

(4)  A  Collective  noun  is  the  name  of  a  collection 
of  persons  or  things  looked  upon  as  one;  as  army, 
committee,  crowd.    It  is  also  called  a  noun  of  multitude. 

(5)  Gender. — Nouns  have  Gender,  which  is  a  mode 
of  distinguishing  their  sex.  There  are  three  genders, 
Masculine,  Feminine  and  Neuter. 

(6)  The  Masculine  gender  denotes  objects  of  the 
male  sex ;   as  Harry,  boy,  man. 

(7)  The  Feminine  gender  denotes  objects  of  the 
female  sex ;  as  Girl,  Harriet,  woman. 

(8)  The  Neuter  gender  denotes  objects  without  sex; 
as  tree,  house,  London. 

(9)  Some  grammarians  make  a  fourth  gender, 
called  the  Common  gender,  when  the  sex  cannot  be 
exactly  told ;  as  sheep,  bird,  servant. 

i{io)     Gender  may  be  distinguished  in  four  ways: 

(a)  By  the  use  of  different  words;  as  boy,  girl; 
horse,  mare;  husband,  ivife. 

(b)  By  different  terminations  of  the  noun ;  as  actor, 
actress;  host,  hostess;  duke,  duchess. 

(c)  By  the  use  of  prefixes ;  as  man-servant,  maid- 
servant; he  goat,  she  goat. 


(d)  By  the  use  of  suffixes;  as  pea-cock,  pea-hen; 
school-master,  school-mistress. 

(11)  Number. — Number  in  nouns  is  the  mode  of 
telling  whether  we  are  speaking  of  one  thing  or  more 
than  one.  There  are  two  numbers,  the  Singular  and 
Plural.  The  Singular  number  denotes  a  single  thing, 
or  one.  The  Plural  number  denotes  more  than  one. 
Plurals  are   formed  as   follows : 

(a)  The  first  mode  is  by  adding  i  or  cs  to  the  singu- 
lar; as  book,  books;  house,  houses;  pen,  pens.  The 
plural  is  formed  by  adding  es  when  the  nouns  end  in 
ch,  s,  sh,  x  and  c;  as  church,  churches;  gas,  gases;  box, 
boxes. 

(b)  The  second  mode  is  by  adding  i'cs  to  nouns  end- 
ing in  /  or  fe;  as,  loaf,  loaves;  thief,  thieves;  life,  lives, 
first  omitting  the  f  or  fe. 

(c)  When  a  noun  ends  in  y,  preceded  by  a  conson- 
ant, plurals  are  made  by  changing  the  y  into  ies;  as, 
lady,  ladies.  But  when  the  y  follows  a  vowel  the  plural 
is  formed  by  simply  adding  an  s;  as,  boy,  boys;  day, 
days. 

(d)  A  fourth  mode  is  by  adding  en.  with  sometimes 
an  addition  or  change  of  a  letter  in  the  word;  as,  ox, 
oxen;  child,  children;  brother,  brethren. 

(e)  A  fifth  mode  is  by  changing  the  vowel  sound  of 
the  noun;  as,  man,  men;  foot,  feet;  tooth,  teeth. 

(f)  Some  nouns  have  the  same  form  in  the  plural 
as  in  the  singular;  as  deer,  sheep,  trout,  mackerel. 

(g)  Some  nouns  can  be  used  only  in  the  plural;  as, 
bellows,  ashes,  molasses. 

(12)  Person. — Nouns  have  Person,  which  gives 
their  distinction  in  relation  to  the  speaker.  There  are 
three  persons,  First,  Second  and  Third. 

(a)  The  First  pefson  denotes  the  speaker;  as,  /, 
William,  am  talking. 

(b)  The  Second  person  denotes  the  person  spoken 
to;  as,  George,  please  do  not  cry. 

(c)  The  Third  person  denotes  the  person  spoken  of; 
as,  The  boys  are  very  good. 

(13)  Case. — Case  is  the  form  given  to  a  noun  to 
show  its  relation  to  other  words  in  the  sentence.  Nouns 
have  three  cases,  Nominative,  Possessive  and  Objec- 
tive. 

(a)  The  Nominative  case  is  that  in  which  a  noun  is 
the  subject  of  a  verb.  It  always  answers  to  the  ques- 
tion Who?  or  What?  and  has  always  a  verb  that  goes 
with  it,  and  asserts  something  about  it ;  as,  John  strikes. 
Who  strikes?  Ans.,  John.  What  does  John  do ?  Ans., 
John  strikes. 

(b)  The  Possessive  case  denotes  ownership  or  pos- 
session. It  is  used  chiefly  with  nouns  that  are  the  names 
of  living  beings.  In  the  singular  number  it  is  formed 
by  adding  to  the  nominative  case  an  apostrophe  (')  and 
an  s;  as,  John's  book ;  a  cat's  tail. 

When  the  nominative  is  plural  and  ends  in  an  s,  an 
apostrophe  only  is  added :  as.  The  attorneys'  book ;  the 
peoples'  party ;  but  when  the  plural  does  not  end  in  s, 
both  the  apostrophe  and  j  must  be  added ;  as,  men's 
works. 

(c)  The  Objective  case  is  the  object  of  an  active 
transitive  verb  or  preposition,  prd  is  generally  placed 
after  the  verb.  It  may  be  found  by  putting  whom?  or 
what  ?  after  the  verb  or  preposition  and  asking  the 
question.  John  struck  his  brother.  Struck  whom? 
Ans.,  Brother.  Therefore  brother  is  the  object  of  the 
verb  "struck."  Susan  went  into  the  house.  Into  what? 
Ans.,  House.  Therefore  house  is  the  object  of  the 
preposition  "into." 

(14)  Declension  or  Inflection  of  Nouns. — The  fore- 
'  going  changes   in  the  forms  of  nouns    (also   of   pro- 
nouns), to  indicate  their  gender,  number,  person   and 
case,  are  called  Declension.    When  you  speak  of  these 


22 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


changes  in  connection  with  parts  of  speech  in  general 
they  are  called  Inflection.  An  arrangement  showing 
declension  would  appear  thus : 

Singular.  Plural. 

Nora.  I'oss.  Obi.  Nom.  Poss.  Obj. 

Friend,        friend's,      friend.  Friends,       friends',      friends. 

Man,  man's,  man.  Men,  men's,  men. 

Church,       church's,     church.        Churches,   churches',  churches. 
Lady,  lady's,  lady.  Ladies,        ladies',         ladies. 

City,  city's,  city.  Cities,         cities',         cities. 

The  student  should  extend  this  arrangement  of  de- 
clension to  other  nouns. 

jIIL— THE  ADJECTIVE. 

The  Adjective  is  a  word  that  goes  with  a 
noun  to  describe  or  modify  it.  It  is  a  noun 
marking  word;  as,  a  white  rose,  a  great  man, 

(i)  Adjectives  do  not  always  stand  before  the  noun 
they  describe  or  modify.  We  may  say,  The  studious 
girl,  or  The  girl  is  studious.  In  either  case  girl  is 
described  or  modified. 

(2)  Nouns  may  become  adjectives  when  used  to 
express  some  quality  of  other  nouns;  as,  iron  rod, 
sea  water. 

(3)  Some  adjectives  are  used,  as  nouns,  and  there- 
fore take  a  plural  form,  and  may  take  case ;  as,  Romans, 
Christians,  superiors. 

(4)  Numeral  Adjectives. — Numeral  adjectives  are 
those  which  express  number.  They  are  of  three  kinds, 
Cardinal,  Ordinal  and  Multiplicative. 

(a)  The  Cardinal  Adjectives  denote  number  or 
quantity ;  as,  one,  two,  three,  four. 

(b)  The  Ordinal  Adjectives  denote  order  or  arrange- 
ment ;  as,  first,  second,  third. 

(c)  The  Multiplicatives  denote  how  many  times;  as, 
single,  double,  triple. 

(5)  Comparison  of  Adjectives. — Adjectives  are 
made  to  vary  by  Comparison.  There  are  three 
Degrees  of  Comparison;  the  Positive,  Comparative 
and  Superlative. 

(a)  The  Positive  Degree  is  the  simple  form  of  the 
adjective,  expressive  of  quality;  as,  great,  small,  white. 

(b)  The  Comparative  Degree  expresses  the  quality 
in  a  higher  or  lower  degree;  as,  greater,  smaller,  whiter. 
The  comparative  degree  brings  together  only  two  ideas. 
Thus  we  may  speak  of  the  "greater  of  the  two,"  but 
not  "of  the  three." 

(c)  The  Superlative  Degree  expresses  quality  in  the 
highest  or  lowest  degree;  as,  greatest,  smallest,  whitest. 
It  requires  that  three  things  shall  be  compared.  Thus 
it  would  be  incorrect  to  say :  "He  is  the  tallest  of  the 
two." 

(d)  In  wr.rds  of  one  syllable  the  Comparative  Degree 
is  commonly  formed  by  adding  er,  and  the  Superlative 
by  adding  est.  to  the  Positive  Degree;  as,  great,  greater, 
greatest.  When  adjectives  have  more  than  one  sylla- 
ble they  are  usually  compared  by  prefixing  to  the  Posi- 
tive Degree  the  words  more  and  most;  as,  recent,  more 
recent,  most  recent;  numerous,  more  numerous,  most 
numerous. 

(e)  The  most  frequently  used  adjectives  have  irregu- 
lar comparisons.    Here  is  a  partial  list : 

Positive.  Comparative.  Superlative. 

Bad,  worse,  worst. 

Ill,  worse,  worst. 

Far,  farther,  farthest. 

Fore,  former,  foremost. 

Good,  better,  best. 

Hind,  hinder,  hindmost. 

Little,  less,  least. 

Many,  more,  most. 

Much,  more,  most. 

Nigh,  niRher,  nijzhest    (next). 

Old,  older,  oldest. 

Old,  elder,  eldest. 


We. 

Our,   or   Ours. 

Us. 


IV.— THE  PRONOUN. 

A  Pronoun  is  a  word  that  is  used  instead  of 
a  noun.  We  say,  "John  went  away  yesterday; 
he  looked  quite  happy."  In  this  case  the  pro- 
noun he  stands  in  the  place  of  John. 

Pronouns  are  divided  into  three  classes: 
Personal,  Relative  and  Adjective.  Personal 
and  Relative  pronouns  have  Gender,  Number, 
Person  and  Case.  Adjective  pronouns  have 
Number  only. 

(1)  Personal  Pronouns. — Personal  Pronouns  are 
so  called  because  they  denote  person  by  themselves, 
without  reference  to  any  other  word.  Personal  Pro- 
nouns are  three  in  number;  (1)  The  Personal  Pro- 
noun of  the  First  Person,  which  is  I,  and  indicates  the 
person  speaking;  (2)  The  Personal  Pronoun  of  the 
Second  Person,  which  is  Thou,  and  indicates  the  person 
spoken  to;  (3)  The  Personal  Pronoun  of  the  Third 
Person,  which  is  He,  She,  It,  and  indicates  the  person 
spoken  of. 

(a)  The  First  Personal  Pronoun  has,  of  course,  no 
distinction  of  gender,  and  is  thus  declined : 

Singular.  Plural. 

Nominative,  I, 

Possessive,  My,   or   Mine, 

Objective,  Me, 

(b)  The  Second  Personal  Pronoun  has  no  distinc- 
tion of  gender,  and  is  thus  declined : 

Singular.  Plural. 

Nominative,  Thou,  You,  or  ye. 

Possessive,  Thine,  or  Thy,  You,    or    yours. 

Objective,  Thee  You. 

(c)  The  Third  Personal  Pronoun  requires  the  dis- 
tinction of  gender,  because  it  is  necessary  to  indicate 
the  sex  of  the  person  we  are  talking  of.  It  is  thus  de- 
clined : 

Singular.  Plural. 

Mascu-    Femi- 

line.        nine.  Neuter.         All  Genders. 

Nom.,    He,         She,  It,  ijiey. 

Poss.,    His,       Her,   or  Hers,  Its, 

Obj.,     Him,      Her,  It, 

(d)  Out  of  the  above  pronoun  forms  are  made  the 
Compound  Personal  Pronouns,  which  are  myself,  thy- 
self, himself,  herself  and  itself,  with  their  plurals  our- 
selves, yourselves,  themselves. 

(2)  Relative  Pronouns.— Relative  Pronouns  are 
those  which  relate  to  some  word  going  before,  called 
the  antecedent.  They  are  Who,  Which,  What  and  That. 
They  are  always  of  the  same  gender,  number  and 
person  as  their  antecedents. 

(a)  Who  is  used  in  speaking  of  persons;  as,  "The 
boy  who  died;"  "The  girl  who  sang." 

In  asking  questions  Who  is  called  an  Interrogative 
Pronoun;  and  in  answering  questions  it  is  called  a  Re- 
sponsive. 

(b)  Which  is  used  in  speaking  of  inferior  animals 
and  things  without  life;  as,  "The  horse  which  I  sold; 
"The  house  which  John  built." 

In  asking  questions  Which  is  called  an  Interrogative 
Pronoun ;  and  in  answering  questions,  a  Responsive. 

(c)  Who  and  Which  are  alike  in  both  numbers,  and 
are  thus  declined : 

Sing,    and    Plural.                               Sing,    and  Plural. 

Nominative,          Who.  Nominative,  ,V„n,ch- 

Possessive,            Whose.  Possessive,  JX???' 

Objective,             Whom.  Objective,  «  nich. 

(d)  That  may  be  used  in  the  place  of  Who  or 
Which.     That  and  What  are  indeclinable. 

(e)  What,  as  a  relative  pronoun,  takes  the  place  of 
Which  when  the  antecedent  is  omitted,  and  may  be 
used  in  either  the  singular  or  plural.    In  the  sentence, 


Their,  or  Theirs. 
Them. 


A  STUDY  OF  THE  FORMS  AND  RELATIONS  OF  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


23 


"This  is  the  thing  which  I  wanted,"  if  we  omit  the 
antecedent  (thing)  we  are  compelled  to  say,  "This 
is  what  I  wanted. ' 

In  asking  questions  What  is  called  an  Interrogative 
Pronoun,  and  in  answering  questions,  a  Responsive. 

(f)  There  are  Compound  Relative  Pronouns;  as, 
Whoever,  whosoever,  whichever,  whichsoever,  whatever, 
whatsoever.  They  are  all  indeclinable  except  whoso- 
ever, which  is  thus  declined : 

Singular    and    Plural. 
Nominative,  Whosoever. 

Possessive,  Whosesoever. 

Objective,  Whomsoever, 

(3)  Adjective  Pronouns. — Adjective  Pronouns 
modify  or  limit  a  noun  like  adjectives.  They  are 
sometimes  called  Pronominal  Adjectives.  Thev_  are 
divided  into  three  classes,  Distributives,  Demonstra- 
tives and  Indefinites. 

(a)  The  Distributives  are  each,  every,  either, 
neither.  They  refer  separately  and  singly  to  each  per- 
son or  thing  of  a  number  of  persons  or  things. 

Each  is  used  in  speaking  of  two  or  more;  as,  "Each 
of  you  must  walk  home." 

Every  is  used  when  speaking  of  more  than  two;  as, 
"Every  one  of  you  must  walk  home." 

Either  means  one  or  the  other,  but  not  both ;  as, 
"Either   of   you    may   go." 

Neither  means  not  either ;  as,  "Neither  this  nor  that." 

(b)  The  Demonstratives  point  out  in  a  definite 
manner  the  objects  to  which  they  relate.  They  are 
This  and  That,  with  their  plurals,  These  and  Those. 
"This  boy  is  white,  but  that  boy  is  black."  "These 
horses  are  large,  but  those  horses  are  small." 

(c)  The  Indefinites  point  out  in  an  indefinite  man- 
ner the  objects  to  which  they  relate.  They  are  any, 
all,  such,  some,  both,  one,  none,  other,  another.  One. 
other,  another  may  be  used  as  nouns,  and  are  then  de- 
clined as  nouns  are. 

V.— THE  VERB. 

The  Verb  is  that  part  of  speech  by  means 
of  which  we  make  an  assertion  or  affirmation. 
It  is  the  keystone  of  the  arch  of  speech.  If  I 
say,  "William  talks,"  I  assert  of  William  that 
he  does  something.  What  do  I  assert  of  Wil- 
liam? Answer,  That  he  talks.  Therefore 
talks  is  a  verb. 

(1)  Verbs  are  divided  into  two  classes,  Transitive 
and  Intransitive. 

(2)  A  Transitive  Verb  denotes  an  action  or  feeling 
which  passes  over  from  the  doer  of  the  action  to  the 
object  of  the  action;  as,  "The  boy  broke  the  stick." 
Here  the  action  of  breaking  passes  over  to  the  object 
stick. 

(3)  An  Intransitive  Verb  denotes  a  state,  feeling 
or  action  that  does  not  pass  over,  but  terminates  in 
the  doer  or  agent;  as,  "He  sleeps,"  "She  walks,'  "The 
grass  grows." 

(4)  -  Inflections  of  Verbs. — Verbs  are  changed  or 
modified  for  Voice,  Mood,  Tense,  Number  and  Per- 
son. These  changes  are  expressed  partly  by  inflection 
and  partly  by  the  use  of  auxiliary  verbs. 

(5)  Voice. — Voice  is  that  attribute  or  form  of  the 
verb  which  shows  whether  the  subject  of  the  verb  acts 
or  is  acted  upon.  Verbs  have  two  voices,  the  Active 
Voice  and  the  Passive  Voice. 

(a)     The  Active  Voice  is  that  form  of  the  verb  which 


shows  that  the  subject  acts,  or  does  what  the  verb  men- 
tions ;  as,  "Jane  jumps  the  rope." 

(b)  The  Passive  Voice  is  that  form  of  the  verb 
which  shows  that  the  subject  is  acted  upon;  as,  "The 
rope  is  jumped  by  Jane." 

(c)  The  Passive  voice  of  a  verb  is  formed  by  using 
a  part  of  the  verb  to  be  and  the  past  participle  of  the 
verb ;  thus : 

Active.  Passive. 

I  beat.  ,     I  am  beaten. 

I  have  beaten.  I  have  been  beaten. 

(6)  Mood. — The  Mood  of  a  verb  is  the  manner  in 
which  the  statement  made  by  the  verb  is  presented  to 
the  mind ;  or,  Mood  denotes  the  manner  or  way  in  which 
what  the  verb  asserts  is  expressed.  Is  a  statement  made 
directly?  Is  a  command  given?  Is  a  statement  sub- 
joined to  another?  All  these  are  different  Moods  or 
modes.  There  are  five  Moods :  The  Indicative,  the 
Subjunctive,  the  Potential,  the  Imperative  and  the 
Infinitive. 

(a)  The  Indicative  Mood  makes  a  direct  assertion 
or  puts  a  question  in  a  direct  manner ;  as,  "John  is  ill ;" 
"Is  John  ill?"  "John  Strikes."  "Is  John  ill?"  is  some- 
times called  the  Interrogative  form. 

(b)  The  Subjunctive  Mood  expresses  what  the 
verb  asserts  in  the  form  of  a  supposition,  a  doubt,  a 
wish  or  future  contingency.  It  is  always  accompanied 
by  another  verb  in  some  other  mood ;  that  is  to  say,  it 
is  alway  used  in  a  sentence  that  is  subjoined  to  a  prin- 
cipal sentence;  as,  "If  it  rain  to-day,  you  cannot  go 
out;"  "O  that  he  were  here !"  "Love  not  sleep,  lest 
thou  come  to  poverty." 

The  Subjunctive  Mood  is  generally  preceded  by  such 
conjunctions  as  if,  though,  although,  unless,  except, 
zvhether,  lest.  Such  words  are  called  signs  of  the  Sub- 
junctive   Mood. 

The  Subjunctive  Mood  is  rapidly  dying  out  of  use  in 
modern   English. 

(c)  The  Potential  Mood  is  that  form  of  the  verb 
which  is  used  to  express  possibility,  liberty,  power,  will, 
obligation  or  necessity  by  the  use  of  may,  can,  must, 
might,  could,  voould,  or  should;  as,  "I  may  go;"  "He 
can  write,"  etc. 

Questions  may  be  asked  in  the  Potential  Mood;  as, 
"May  I  go?"  "Must  he  write?"  etc. 

(d)  The  Imperative  Mood  is  the  mood  of  com- 
mand, request  or  entreaty;  as,  "Go!"  "Give  me  the 
book ;"  "Do  come  back  !" 

The  Imperative  Mood  takes  its  subject  in  the  second 
person  as  thou  or  you,  which  is  seldom  expressed;  as, 
"Go  out,"  equal  to  "Thou  or  you  go  out." 

(e)  The  Infinitive  Mood  is  that  form  of  the  verb 
which  has  no  reference  to  any  agent  or  is  not  limited 
to  a  subject;  that  is,  it  is  unlimited  by  person,  number 
or  time.  It  is  a  verb  in  itself,  pure  and  simple;  as,  "To 
ask;"  "To  write." 

The  preposition  to  is  called  the  sign  of  the  Infinitive 
Mood. 

The  Infinitive  is  really  a  noun,  and  may  be  used  in 
both  the  nominative  and  objective  cases;  as,  "To  err 
is  human;"  "I  wish  to  go." 

(7)  Tense. — Tense  is  the  form  the  verb  takes  to 
indicate  time.  There  are  Six  Tenses :  The  Present, 
the  Past,  the  Future,  the  Present-Perfect,  the  Past- 
Perfect  and  the  Future-Perfect. 

(a)  The  Present  Tense  is  that  form  of  the  verb 
which  indicates   simply  present   time ;   as,   "I   love." 

(b)  The  Past  Tense  is  that  form  of  the  verb  which 
indicates  simply  past  time ;  as,  "I  loved." 

(c)  The  Future  Tense  is  that  form  of  the  verb 
which  indicates  simply  future  time ;  as,  "I  shall  love." 


24 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


(d)  The  Present-Perfect  Tense  is  that  form  of  the 
verb  which  indicates  what  is  past,  and  yet  what  is  con- 
nected with  the  present  time ;  as,  *'I  have  loved  "  Here 
the  language  implies  that  which  is  past  and  completed, 
but  does  not  preclude  the  idea  of  still  loving. 

(e)  The  Past-Perfect  Tense  is  that  form  of  the 
verb  which  indicates  what  was  past  and  completed  be- 
fore some  other  event  which  is  also  past ;  as,  "I  had 
loved."  Here  had  loved  implies  what  was  past  and 
completed  before  some  other  past  event  caused  love 
to  cease. 

(f)  The  Future-Perfect  Tense  is  that  form  of  the 
verb  which  indicates  a  future  time  in  advance  of  some 
other  future  time;  as,  "I  shall  have  loved;"  that  is,  I 
shall  have  done  so  before  some  other  future  happening. 

(8)  Participles. — A  Participle  is  a  form  of  the 
verb  which  has  the  function  of  both  a  verb  and  an 
adjective.  There  are  three  Participles:  The  Present, 
the  Past  or  Perfect  and  the  Compound-Perfect 

(a)  The  Present  Participle  always  ends  in  ing,  and 
indicates  what  is  now  going  on;  as,  loving,  going,  run- 
ning. 

(b)  The  Past  or  Perfect  Participle  indicates  what 
is  complete  or  finished ;  as,  loved,  gone,  written.  In  reg- 
ular verbs  it  ends  in  ed;  in  irregular  verbs  its  ending  is 
arbitrary.     (See  examples  of  irregular  verbs.) 

(c)  The  Compound-Perfect  Participle  indicates 
that  which  is  finished  before  something  else  men- 
tioned; as,  having  loved;  having  written. 

(9)  Number. — Verbs  are  modified  by  Number. 
There  are  in  verbs  two  numbers,  the  Singular  and 
the  Plural.  In  the  Singular  we  say,  "He  writes;"  in 
the  Plural,  "They  write." 

(10)  Person. — Verbs  are  modified  by  Person — that 
is,  the  form  of  the  verb  is  changed  to  suit  (i)  the  first 
person,  (ii)  the  second  person,  or  (iii)  the  third  per- 
son; as  (i)  "I  write."  (ii)  "Thou  writest."  (iii)  "He 
writes." 

(a)  Verbs  must  agree  in  number  and  person  with 
their  subjects. 

(b)  Number  and  person  appear  thus  in  connection 
with  the  irregular  verb  to  be: 

Singular.  Plural. 

First  Person,  I  am.  First  Person,       We  are. 

Second    Person,  Thou    art.  Second  Person,  You  are. 

Third  Person,  He  is.  Third  Person,     They  are. 

(11)  Regular  and  Irregular  Verbs. — A  verb  is  said 
to  be  Regular  when  it  forms  its  Past  Tense  and  Past 
Participle  by  adding  ed  to  the  present  tense;  as,  Present, 
love;  Past,  loved;  Past  Participle,  loved. 

A  verb  is  said  to  be  Irregular  when  it  does  not  form 
its  Past  Tense  and  Past  Participle  by  the  addition  of 
ed  to  the  present  tense;  as,  Present,  write;  Past,  wrote; 
Past  Participle,  written, 

(a)  Examples  of  Regular  Verbs: 

Present  Tense.  Past  Tense.  .      Past    Participle. 

Love,  loved,  loved. 

Walk,  walked,  walked. 

Rain,  rained,  rained. 

Push,  pushed,  pushed. 


Present. 
Abide, 
Am — Is, 
Arise, 
Awake, 
Bear    (to    bring 

forth). 
Bear   (to  carry), 
Beat, 
Begin, 
Bend, 
Bereave, 
Beseech, 
Bestride, 


(b)    The   Irregular  Verbs  are: 

Past.  Past  Part. 

abode,  abode, 

was,  been, 

arose,  arisen, 

awoke,    awaked,  awaked, 


Present. 
Bid, 
Bind, 
Bite, 
Bleed, 
Blow, 
Break, 
Breed, 
Bring, 
Build, 
Burn, 
Burst, 
Buy, 
Cast, 
Catch, 
Chide, 
Choose, 

Cleave    (to   split), 
Cling, 
Clothe, 
Come, 
Cost, 
Creep, 
Crow, 
Cut, 

Pare  (to  venture), 
Peal, 
1%, 
Do, 
Draw, 
Dream, 
Drink, 
Drive, 
Dwell, 
Eat, 
Fall, 
Feed, 
Feel, 
Fight, 
Find, 
Flee, 
Fling, 
Fly, 

Forsake, 
Freeze, 
Get, 
Gild, 
Gird, 
Give, 
Go. 
Grave, 
Grind, 
Grow, 
Hang, 
Have, 
Hear, 
Heave, 
Hew, 
Hide, 
Hit, 
Hold, 
Hurt, 
Keep, 
Kneel, 
Knit, 
Know, 
Lade, 
Lay,* 


Past. 
bid,   bade, 
bound, 
bit, 
bled, 
blew, 
broke, 
bred, 
brought, 
built,    builded, 
burned,    burnt, 
burst, 
bought, 
cast, 

caught,   catched, 
chide,  chode, 
chose, 

cleft,    clove, 
clung, 

clothed,  clad, 
came, 
cost, 
crept, 

crew,    crowed, 
cut, 

dared,  durst, 
dealed,    dealt, 
dug,   digged, 
did, 
drew, 

dreamed,    dreamt, 
drank, 
drove, 

dwelled,  dwelt, 
eat,    ate, 
fell, 
fed, 
felt, 
fought, 
found, 
fled, 
flung,, 
flew, 
forsook, 
froze, 
got, 

gilded,   gilt, 
girded,   girt 
gave, 
went, 
graved, 
ground, 
grew, 

hanged,  hung, 
had, 
heard, 

heaved,  hove, 
hewed, 
hid, 
hit, 
held, 
hurt, 
kept, 

kneeled,   knelt, 
knit,  knitted, 
knew, 
laded, 
laid, 


Past  Part. 

bid,  bidden. 

bound. 

bitten,   bit. 

bled, 

blown. 

broken. 

bred. 

brought. 

built,    builded. 

burned,   burnt. 

burst. 

bought. 

cast. 

caught,   catched. 

chid,    chidden. 

chosen,  chose. 

cleft,    cloven. 

clung. 

clothed,   clad. 

come. 

cost. 

crept. 

crowed. 

cut. 

dared. 

dealed,    dealt. 

dug,   digged. 

done. 

drawn. 

dreamed,    dreamt. 

drunk. 

driven. 

dwelled,  dwelt. 

eat,  eaten. 

fallen. 

fed. 

felt. 

fought. 

found. 

fled. 

flung. 

flown. 

forsaken. 

frozen. 

got,   gotten. 

gilded,  gilt. 

girded,  girt. 

given. 

gone. 

graven,  graved. 

ground. 

grown. 

hanged,  hung. 

had. 

heard. 

heaved. 

hewed,  hewn, 

hid,    hidden. 

hit, 

held. 

hurt. 

kept. 

kneeled,   knelt. 

knit,    knitted. 

known. 

laded,  laden. 

laid. 


*  Lay 

(transitive) , 

To  place; 

to 

put; 

to 

cause 

to 

lie. 

Lead, 

led, 

led. 

Leave, 

left. 

left. 

Lend, 

lent, 

lent. 

Let, 

let, 

let. 

Lie,* 

lay. 

lain. 

*  Lie   (intransitive),  To  be  at  rest  in 
recline;  to  rest;  to  remain. 


bore,    bare, 

bore, 

beat, 

began, 

bended,    bent, 

bereaved,  bereft, 

besought, 

bestrid,  bestrode, 


born. 

borne. 

beat,    beaten. 

begun. 

bended,   bent. 

bereaved,    bereft. 

besought. 

bestrid,    bestridden. 


Light, 

Lose, 

Make, 

Mean, 

Meet, 

Mow, 

Fay, 

Pen    (to    COOp), 

Put, 

Ouit, 

Read. 

Rend, 

Rid, 

Ride, 

King, 

Rise, 

Rive, 

Run, 


pent, 


lighted,   lit, 

lost, 

made, 

meant, 

met, 

mowed, 

paid, 

penned, 

put, 

quit,    quitted, 

read, 

rent, 

rid.  ridded, 

rode, 

rang,  rung, 

rose, 

rived, 

ran,  run, 


a  horizontal  position;  to 

lighted,  lit. 

lost. 

made. 

meant. 

met. 

mowed,  mown. 

paid. 

penned,  pent. 

put. 

quit,    quitted. 

read. 

rent. 

rid,  ridded. 

ridden. 

rung. 

risen. 

rived,  riven. 

run. 


A  STUDY  OF  THE  FORMS  AND  RELATIONS  OF  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


Present. 
Say, 

Saw, 

See, 

Seek, 

Seethe, 

Sell, 

Send, 

Srt.y 


Past. 
said, 
sawed, 
saw, 

sought, 

seethed, 

sold, 

sent, 

set, 


Past  Part. 
said. 

sawed,  sawn. 

seen. 

sought. 

seethed,  sodden. 

sold. 

sent. 

set. 


i  Set 

(transitive) 

,    To    place; 

to 

affix; 

to    adjust ;    to    plant 

(intransitive), 

To 

fall  below  the 

horizon, 

as  the  sun. 

Shake, 

shook. 

shaken. 

Snape, 

shaped, 

shaped,  shapen. 

Shave, 

shaved, 

shaved,  shaven. 

Shear, 

sheared, 

sheared,  shorn. 

Shed, 

shed, 

shed. 

Shine, 

shone,  shined, 

shone,   shined. 

Shoe, 

shod, 

shod. 

Shoot, 

shot, 

shot. 

Show, 

showed, 

shown,    showed. 

Shred, 

shred, 

shred. 

Shrink, 

shrunk, 

shrunk. 

Shut, 

shut, 

shut. 

Sing, 

sung,   sang, 

sung. 

Sink, 

sunk,    sank, 

sunk. 

Sit,* 

sat, 

sat. 

sprang, 


stove, 
staid, 


*  Sit,  To  be  in  any  local  position;  to  rest 
to   incubate. 

Slay,  slew, 

Sleep,  slept, 

Slide,  slid, 

Sling,  slung. 

Slink,  slunk, 

Slit,  slit,   slitted, 

Smell,  smelted,   smelt 

Smite,  smote, 

Sow.  sowed. 

Speak,  spoke,  spake, 

Speed,  sped,    speeded, 

Spell,  spelled,    spelt, 

Spend,  spent, 

Spill,  spilled,  spilt, 

Spin,  spun, 

Spit,  spit,  spat, 

Split,  split,  splitted, 

Spoil,  spoiled,    spoilt, 

Spread,  spread, 

Spring,  sprung, 

Stand,  stood. 

Stave,  staved 

Stay,  stayed, 

Steal,  stole, 

Stick,  stuck, 

Sting,  stung, 

Stink,  stunk. 

Strew,  strewed, 

Stride,  strid,  strode, 

Strike,  struck, 

String,  strung, 

Strive,  strove, 

Swear,  swore, 

Sweat,  sweat,    sweated 

Sweep,  swept, 

Swell,  swelled, 

Swim,  swam,   swum, 

Swing,  swung, 

Take,  took,                                  taken. 

Teach,  taught,                              taught. 

Tear.  tore,                                  torn. 

Tell,  told,                                   told. 

Think,  thought,                           thought. 

Thrive,  thrived,  throve,             thrived,  thriven, 

'i  hrow,  threw,                               thrown. 

Thrust,  thrust,                              thrust. 

Tread,  trod,                                  trod,    trodden. 

Weave,  wove,                                woven,   wove. 

Weep,  wept,                                 wept. 

Wet,  wet,  wetted,                    wet,  wetted. 

Win,  won,                                  won. 

Wind,  wound,                             wound. 

Work,  worked,  wrought,          worked,    wrought. 

Vv*ring,  wrung,                              wrung. 

Vvrite,  wrote,                               written. 

(12)  Defective  Verbs. — Many  verbs  cannot  be  used 
in  all  the  moods  and  tenses;  as,  must,  ought,  quoth. 
They  are  called  Defective  verbs. 

(13)  Auxiliary  Verbs. — Auxiliary  Verbs  are  help- 
ing verbs ;  they  help  to  form  the  moods  and  tenses  of 
other  verbs.  They  are  shall,  may,  can,  must,  be,  do, 
have  and  zvill. 

(a)     Be,  do,  have  and  zvill,  are   sometimes  used  as 


to  hold  a  session; 

slain. 

slept. 

slid,  slidden. 

slung. 

slunk. 

slit,    slitted. 

smelled,   smelt. 

smitten,  smit. 

sowed,  sown. 

spoken. 

sped,    speeded. 

spelled,  spelt. 

spent. 

spilled,    spilt. 

spun. 

spit. 

split,    splitted. 

spoiled,   spoilt. 

spread. 

sprung. 

stood. 

staved,   stove. 

stayed,  staid. 

stolen. 

stuck. 

stung. 

stunk. 

strewed,    strewen. 

strid,    stridden. 

struck,  stricken. 

strung. 

striven. 

sworn. 

sweat,  sweated. 

swent. 

swelled,    swollen. 

swum. 

swung. 


principal  verbs,  and  when  so  used  they  have  all  the 
moods  and  tenses  of  other  verbs;  as,  they  may  be  away; 
they  do  nothing;  they  have  something;  they  will  it  to 
be  done. 

(b)  The  verb  to  be  as  an  auxiliary  is  used  in  all  its 
moods,  tenses,  numbers  and  persons  to  form  the  passive 
voice  of  other  words ;  as,  1  am  loved,  I  was  /oved,  I 
have  been  loved. 

(c)  To  be  is  irregular  and  intransitive,  and  has  no 
voice.     Only  transitive  verbs  have  voice. 

(14)  Conjugation  is  the  name  given  to  the  sum- 
total  of  all  the  inflections  and  combinations  of  the  parts 
of  the  verb,  as  heretofore  seen;  or,  it  is  the  orderly 
arrangement  of  its  voices,  moods,  tenses,  numbers  and 
persons. 

(15)  Conjugation  of  the   irregular  verb   To  be. 
Observe  the  use  made  of  the  auxiliaries  shall  and  will 

in  the  future  tenses,  indicative  mood,  of  to  be.  Shall 
in  the  first  person,  and  zvill  in  the  second  and  third  per- 
sons, express  future  action  simply.  But  if  will  be  used 
in  the  first  person,  and  shall  in  the  second  and  third 
persons,  then  a  promise  or  threat  is  implied. 


Singular. 

1.  I  am. 

2.  Thou  art. 

3.  He,  she  or  it  is. 

Singular. 

1.  I  was. 

2.  Thou   wast. 

3.  He,  she  or  it  was. 


Singular. 

1.  I   shall   be. 

2.  Thou  wilt  be. 

3.  He,   she  or  it  will  be. 


INDICATIVE     MOOD. 

Present  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  We  are. 

2.  You   are, 

3.  They    are. 

Past  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  We    were. 

2.  You    were. 

3.  They   were. 

Future  Tense. 

Plural. 
1.  We    shall    be. 
You    will    be. 


3.  They    will    be. 


Present-Perfect  Tense. 
Singular.  Plural. 

I   have   been.  1.  We    have    been. 

Thou  hast  been.  2.  You   have  been. 

He,  she  or  it  has  been.  3.  They   have   been. 

Past-Perfect  Tense. 

Plural. 
1.  We   had   been. 
Thou  hadst  been.  2.  You   had  been. 

He,  she  or  it  had  been.  3.  They    had    been. 

Future- Perfect  Tense. 
Singular.  Plural. 

I  shall   have  been.  1.  We    shall    have    been. 

Thou  wilt  have  been.  2.  You  will   have  been. 

He,  she  or  it  will  have  been.    3.  They  will  have  been. 


Singular. 
I   had   been. 


Singular. 

1.  If    I   be. 

2.  If  thou   be. 

3.  If  he,  she  or  it  be. 


Singular. 

1.  If    I    were. 

2.  If  thou  wert. 

3.  If  he,  she  or  it  were. 


SUBJUNCTIVE     MOOD. 

Present  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  If  we  be. 

2.  If  you  be. 

3.  If  they  be. 


Past  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  If  we  were. 

2.  If    you    were. 

3.  If  they  were. 

POTENTIAL    MOOD. 


Present  Tense. 
Singular.  Plural. 

1.  I    may    be.  1.  We  may  be. 

2.  Thou    mayst    be.  2.  You  may  be. 

3.  He,  she  or  it  may  be.  3-  They  may  be. 

Past  Tense. 
Singular.  Plural. 

1.  I  might  be.  1.  We  might  be. 

2.  Thou  mightst  be.  2.  You   might   be. 

3.  He,  she  or  it  might  be.  3.  They  might  be. 


2C 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


Present-Perfect  Tense. 
Singular.  Plural. 

j.  I  may  have  been.  i.  We  may  have  been. 

2.  Thou   mayst   have  been.  2.  You  may    have   been. 

3.  He,  she  or  it  may  have  been.    3.  They  may  have   been. 


Singular, 

1.  I    might    have    been. 

2.  Thou  mightst  have  been. 

3.  He,  she  or  it  might  have 

been. 


Past-Perfect  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  We  might  have  been. 

2.  You   might   have  been. 

3.  They   might  have    been. 


Singular. 
2.  Be,  or  be  thou. 


Present,    To    be. 


IMPERATIVE    MOOD. 

Present  Tense. 

Plural. 
2.   Be,  or  be  you. 

INFINITIVE    MOOD. 

Present-Perfect,   To   have   been. 

PARTICIPLES. 

Present,    Being.  Past  or  Perfect,  Been. 

Compound-Perfect,  Having  been. 

Note. — In  the  Potential  mood  of  to  be,  Present  tense, 
the  auxiliaries  may  be,  may,  can  or  must;  in  the  Past 
tense,  they  may  be,  might,  could,  would  or  should;  in 
the  Present-Perfect  tense,  may  have,  can  have  or  must 
have;  in  the  Past-Perfect  tense,  might  have,  could  have, 
would  have  or  should  have. 

(16)     Conjugation    of    the    regular,    active,    transi- 
tive verb  To  Love: 

Note. — She  or  It  may  be  used  in  place  of  He  in  all 
third  persons  singular. 

(a)     ACTIVE  VOICE. 

INDICATIVE     MOOD. 

Present  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  We  love. 

2.  You   love. 

3.  They    love. 

Past  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  We   loved. 

2.  You    loved. 

3.  They  loved. 

Future  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  We   shall   love. 

2.  You  will  love. 

3.  They  will   love. 


Singular. 
I  love. 
Thou    lovesfc 
He  loves. 


Singular. 
I    loved. 
Thou    lovedst. 
He  loved. 


Singular. 
I  shall  love. 
Thou   wilt   love. 
He     will    love. 


Present-Perfect  Tense. 
Singular.  Plural. 

I  have  loved.  1.  We  have  loved. 

Thou    hast    loved.  2.  You   have   loved. 

He  has  loved.  3.  They    have    loved. 

Past-Perfect  Tense. 
Singular.  Plural. 

I  had  loved.  1.  We    had    loved. 

Thou  hadst  loved.  2.  You   had   loved. 

He   had   loved.  3'  They   had    loved. 

Future-Perfect  Tense. 

Singular.  Plural. 

T  shall  have  loved.  1.  We  shall  have  loved. 

Thou  wilt  have  loved.  2.  You  will  have  loved. 

He   will  have  loved.  3.  They  will  have  loved. 


SUBJUNCTIVE     MOOD. 

Present  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  Tf    we    love. 

2.  If  you   love. 

3.  If   they   love. 

Past  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  If  we  loved. 

2.  If  you  loved. 

3.  If   they   loved. 


Singular. 

1.  If    I    love. 

2.  If  thou   love. 

3.  If  he    love. 


Singular. 

1.  If  I  loved. 

2.  If  thou  loved. 

3.  If  he  loved. 


Singular. 

1.  I  may  love. 

2.  Thou    mayst  love. 

3.  He  may   love. 


POTENTIAL    MOOD. 

Present  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  We   may    love. 

2.  You  may  love. 

3.  They  may  love. 

Past  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  We   might  love. 

2.  You    might   love. 

3.  They    might   love. 


Singular. 

1.  I   might   love. 

2.  Thou  mightst  love. 

3.  He  might  love. 

Present-Perfect  Tense. 

Singular.  Plural. 

1.  I   may   have   loved.  1.  We  may  have  loved. 

2.  Thou  mayst  have  loved.  2.  You   may  have  loved. 

3.  He  may   have   loved.  3.  They  may  have  loved. 

Past-Perfect  Tense. 

Singular.  Plural. 

1.  I    might    have    loved.  1.  We  might  have  loved. 

2.  Thou  mightst  have  loved.  2.  You  might  have  loved. 

3.  He  might  have   loved.  3.  They  might  have  loved. 

IMPERATIVE    MOOD. 


Singular. 
Love,   or  love  thou. 


Present,   To  love. 


Present,  Loving. 


Present  Tense. 

Plural. 
Love,  or  love  you.    . 

INFINITIVE    MOOD. 

Present-Perfect,  To  have  loved. 

PARTICIPLES. 

Past  or  Perfect,  Loved. 


Compound-Perfect,    Having   Loved. 

(b)     PASSIVE  VOICE. 
The  Passive  Voice  of  a  verb  is  formed  by  placing 
before   its   Past   Participle   the   various   moods,   tenses, 
numbers  and  persons  of  the  verb  To  be. 


Singular. 
i,  I  am  loved. 

2.  Thou  art  loved. 

3.  He  is  loved. 

Singular. 

1.  I   was    loved. 

2.  Thou  wast  loved. 

3.  He   was   loved. 


Singular. 

1.  I  shall  be  loved. 

2.  Thou    wilt   be  loved. 

3.  He   will  be   loved. 


INDICATIVE     MOOD. 

Present  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  We  are  loved. 

2.  You  are  loved. 

3.  They  are  loved. 

Past  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  We  were  loved. 

2.  You  were  loved. 

3.  They  were  loved. 

Future  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  We  shall  be  loved. 

2.  You  will  be  loved. 

3.  They  will  be  loved. 


Present- Perfect  Tense. 
Singular.  Plural. 

1.  I  have  been  loved.  1.  We  have  been  loved. 

2.  Thou   hast   been   loved.  2.  You  have  been  loved. 

3.  He  has  been  loved.  3-  They  have  been  loved. 

Past-Perfect  Tense. 
Singular.  Plural. 

1.  I  haa  been  loved.  1.  We  had  been  loved. 

2.  Thou  hadst  been  loved.  2.  You  had  been  loved. 

3.  He  had  been  loved.  3.  They  had  been  loved. 

Future-Perfect  Tense. 
Singular.  Plural. 

1.  I  shall  have  been  loved.  1.  We  shall  have  been  loved. 

2.  Thou  wilt  have  been  loved.     2.  You  will  have  been  loved. 

3.  He  will  have  been  loved.  3.  They  will  have   been  loved. 


Singular, 

1.  If  I  be  loved. 

2.  If  thou  be  loved. 

3.  If  he  be  loved. 


Singular. 

1.  Tf  I  were  loved. 

2.  If  thou  wert  loved. 

3.  If  he  were  loved. 


SUBJUNCTIVE     MOOD. 

Present  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  If  we  be   loved. 

2.  If  you  be  loved. 

3.  If  they  be  loved. 

Past  Tense. 

Plural. 

1.  Tf   we  were   loved. 

2.  If  you  were  loved. 

3.  If  they   were  loved. 


A  STUDY  OF  THE  FORMS  AND  RELATIONS  OF  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


27 


POTENTIAL    MOOD. 

Present  Tense. 
Singular.  •  Plural. 

1.  I  may  be  loved.  I.  We  may  be  loved. 

2.  Thou  mayst  be  loved.  2.  You  may  be  loved. 

3.  He  may  be  loved.  3.  They  may  be  loved. 

Past  Tense. 
Singular.  Plural. 

1.  I  might  be  loved.  I.  We  might  be  loved. 

2.  Thou   mightst  be  loved.  2.  You  might  be  loved. 

3.  He  might  be  loved.  3.  They  might  be  loved. 

Present-Perfect  Tense. 
Singular.  Plural. 

1.  I  may  have  been  loved.  1.  We  may  have  been  loved. 

2.  Thou  mayst  have  been  loved.  2.  You  may  have  been  loved. 

3.  He  may  have  been  loved.       3.  They  may  have  been  loved. 

Past-Perfect  Tense. 
Singular.  Plural. 

1.  I  might  have  been  loved.  I.  We  might  have  been  loved. 

2.  Thou  mightst  have  been  loved.  2.  You  might  have  been  loved. 

3.  He  might  have  been  loved.       3.  They  might  have  been  loved. 

IMPERATIVE    MOOD. 

Present  Tense. 
2.  Be  loved,  or  be  thou  loved.      2.  Be  loved,  or  be  you  loved. 

INFINITIVE    MOOD. 

Present.  Present-Perfect. 

To  be  loved.  To  have   been  loved. 

PARTICIPLES. 

Present,   Being  loved,  Past  or  Perfect,  Loved. 

Compound-Perfect,     Having    been    loved. 

(c)  The  Progressive  Form  of  a  verb  represents 
action,  as  in  progress,  but  not  complete,  and  is  made  by 
placing  before  its  present  participle  the  moods,  tenses, 
numbers  and  persons  of  the  verb  To  be;  as,  "I  am  sing- 
ing."   "I  was  singing."    "I  shall  be  singing." 

(d)  The  Emphatic  Form  of  verbs  is  produced  by 
placing  the  word  Do,  as  an  auxiliary,  before  them ;  as,  I 
do  love.  This  use  of  Do  is  proper  only  in  the  present 
and  past  tenses  of  the  indicative  and  subjunctive  moods 
and  in  the  imperative. 

VI.— THE  ADVERB. 

(1)  An  Adverb  is  a  word  which  goes  with  a  verb, 
adjective  or  other  adverb,  to  modify  its  meaning;  as, 
"He  writes  badly;'  "The  weather  is  very  hot;"  "She 
writes  very  rapidly." 

(2)  Comparison,  as  with  adjectives,  may  modify  Ad- 
verbs; as,  soon,  sooner,  soonest.  Adverbs  ending  in  ly 
are  compared  by  prefixing  more  and  most,  less  and 
least;  as,  more  or  less  happily;  most  or  least  happily. 

(3)  Adverbs,  so  far  as  their  meaning  is  concerned, 
are  of  several  kinds  or  classes : 

(a)  Adverbs  of  Manner  or  Quality;  as,  Well,  ill; 
slowly,  quickly;  better,  worse. 

(b)  Place;  as,  Here,  there;  hither,  thither. 

(c)  Time;  as,  Now,  then;  to-day,  to-morrow. 

(d)  Quantity;  as,  Much,  little,  enough. 

(e)  Direction;  as,  Downward,  upward,  forward. 

(f)  Number  and  Order;  as,  First,  secondly;  once, 
twice;  singly,  doubly. 

(g)  Affirmation  and  Denial;  as,  Yes,  no;  indeed, 
no-ivise. 

(h)     Interrogation;  as,  Hozv,  why,  when,  where. 
(i)      Comparison;  as,  More,  most;  better,  best. 
(j)      Uncertainty;  as,  perhaps,  possibly,  probably. 

VII.— THE  CONJUNCTION. 

(1)  A  Conjunction  is  a  word  that  connects  words, 
sentences,  or  part  of  sentences ;  as,  John  and  Jane  are 
happy;  Two  and  three  are  five. 


(2)  The  principal  conjunctions  are:  After,  also, 
although,  and,  as,  because,  both,  but,  either,  for,  if,  lest, 
neither,  nor,  or,  since,  than,  that,  then,  therefore,  though, 
unless,  wherefore,  whether,  yet. 

VIII.— PREPOSITIONS. 

(1)  A  Preposition  is  a  word  which  connects  a 
noun  or  pronoun  with  a  verb,  an  adjective,  or  another 
noun  or  pronoun,  and  shows  the  relation  between  the 
words  it  connects.  "He  stood  on  the  table."  Here  the 
preposition  on  joins  the  verb  stood  and  the  noun  table, 
and  shows  the  relation  between  them.  "Mary  is  fond  of 
music."  Here  the  preposition  of  joins  the  adjective 
fond  and  the  noun  music,  and  shows  the  relation 
between  them.  "The  man  at  the  door  is  waiting."  Here 
the  preposition  at  joins  the  two  nouns  man  and  door, 
and  shows  the  relation  between  them. 

(2)  The  noun  or  pronoun  which  follows  a  preposi- 
tion is  in  the  objective  case,  and  is  said  to  be  governed 
by  the  preposition. 

(3)  Prepositions  are  divided  into  two  classes, 
Simple  and  Compound. 

(a)  The  Simple  Prepositions  are,  at,  after,  by, 
down,  for,  from,  in,  of,  on,  over,  past,  round,  since, 
through,  till,  to,  under,  up,  with. 

(b)  The  Compound  Prepositions  are  formed  by 
uniting  two  words  or  parts  of  words.  They  are:  above, 
about,  across,  against,  along,  amid,  amidst,  among, 
amongst,  around,  athwart,  before,  behind,  below,  beneath, 
beside,  besides,  between,  betwixt,  beyond,  upon,  toward, 
towards,  unto,  into,  within,  without,  throughout,  under- 
neath. 

IX.— THE  INTERJECTION. 

Interjections  are  words  which  have  no  meaning  in 
themselves,  but  which  give  sudden  expression  to  an 
emotion  of  the  mind.  They  are  followed  by  the  excla- 
mation mark;  as,  Oh!  ah!  alas! 

(a)  Among  other  exclamations  the  Interjections 
embrace  adieu,  ah,  aha,  alack,  alas,  begone,  ha,  hail, 
halloo,  hark,  hist,  ho,  hum,  hush,  huzza,  lo,  O,  oh, 
pshaw,  see. 

SYNTAX  AND   ANALYSIS. 

(1)  The  word  Syntax  is  from  the  Greek,  and  means 
arrangement.  Syntax,  in  grammar,  is  that  part  of  it 
which  treats  of  the  construction  of  sentences ;  the 
due  arrangement  of  words  in  sentences  in  their  neces- 
sary relations,  according  to  established  usage  in  lan- 
guage. 

(2)  Syntax  is  usually  divided  into  two  parts,  Con- 
cord and  Government. 

(a)  Concord  means  agreement.  The  chief  concords 
in  grammar  are  those  of  the  verb  with  its  subject;  the 
adjective  with  the  noun;  one  noun  with  another;  the 
pronoun  with  the  noun  it  stands  for;  the  relative  pro- 
noun with  its  antecedent. 

(b)  Government  is  the  influence  one  word  has  upon 
another.  The  chief  kinds  of  government  are  those  of 
the  transitive  verb  and  the  noun ;  a  preposition  and  a 
noun. 

(3)  Analysis  treats  of  the  separation  of  a  sentence 
into  the  parts  which  compose  it. 

I.— SYNTAX  OF  THE  NOUN. 

1.    The   Nominative  Case. 

Rule  I.— The  Subject  of  a  verb  must  be  in  the 
Nominative  Case. 

(a)  Thus  we  say,  "I  write;"  "John  writes;"  here 
both  /  and  John  are  the  subjects  of  write,  and  are  in  the 
nominative  case. 


28 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


(b)  The  subject  of  a  verb  may  be  (i)  a  noun;  as, 
John  writes.  (2)  A  pronoun ;  as,  He  is  good.  (3)  A 
verb  in  the  infinitive  mood ;  as,  To  sing  is  a  pleasure. 
(4)  A  participle;  as,  Reading  promotes  knowledge.  (5) 
A  sentence  or  part  of  a  sentence ;  as,  Thou  slialt  not  kill 
is  a  commandment.     All  the  above  are  used  as  nouns. 

(c)  The  usual  place  of  a  subject  of  a  verb  is  before 
the  verb. 

(d)  In  simple  address,  when  a  noun  or  pronoun  is 
not  the  subject  of  a  verb,  it  is  said  to  be  in  the  Nom- 
inative Case  Independent. 

Rule  II. — When  one  noun  is  used  to  explain  or 
describe  another,  the  two  nouns  are  said  to  be  in 
Apposition,    and    they   are    always    in    the    same    case. 

Thus :  "So  work  the  honey-bcM,  Creatures  that  teach 
the  art  of  order."  Here  bees  is  the  nominative  of  work, 
and  Creatures,  being  in  apposition  with  bees,  must  also 
be  in  the  nominative  case.  Nouns  in  apposition  may  be, 
in  any  case,  nominative,  possessive  or  objective. 

Rule  III. — The  verb  to  be,  and  other  verbs  of  a  like 
nature,  take  two  nominatives,  one  before,  and  the 
other  after. 

Thus :  General  Chaffee  is  a  brave  soldier.  Here 
Chaffee  and  soldier  refer  to  the  same  person.  One  is 
nominative  before,  the  other  nominative  after  it.  The 
is  does  nothing  but  connect  them,  and  is  called  the 
Copula. 

Rule  IV. — The  verbs  became,  be-callcd,  bc-named, 
live,  turn-out,  prove,  remain,  seem,  look,  and  others  of 
appositional  meaning,  take  a  nominative  case  after  them 
as   well   as   before   them. 

Thus :  Tom  became  an  architect.  Here  Tom  and 
architect  designate  the  same  person.  One  is  nominative 
before,  the  other  nominative  after,  became. 

Rule  V.— A  noun  and  an  adjective,  or  a  noun  and  a 
participle,  or  a  noun  and  adjective  phrase,  not  connected 
with  any  other  word  in  a  sentence,  are  put  in  the  Nom- 
inative Absolute. 

Thus:  The  wind  shifting,  we  sailed  slowly;  Dinner 
over,  we  went  up  stairs.  Here  the  words  in  italics  are 
in  the  nominative  absolute. 

2.  The  Possessive  Case. 

Rule  VI. — A  noun  or  pronoun  in  the  Possessive 
Case  depends  on  the  noun  signifying  the  thing  pos- 
sessed. 

Thus :  John's  gun.  Here  John's  depends  on,  or  is 
governed  by,  gun,  the  thing  possessed. 

Rule  VII.— When  two  Possessives  are  in  apposition, 
or  when  several  nouns  connected  by  and  are  in  the 
possessive  case,  the  sign  of  the  possessive  is  affixed 
to  the  last  only. 

Thus :  George  Washington's  farewell  address.  For 
thy  servant  David's  sake.  Messrs.  Miller  and  Jones' 
house. 

3.  The  Objective  Case. 

Rule  VIII. — The  Direct  Object  of  an  active-transi- 
tive verb  is  put  in  the  Objective  Case. 

Thus :  We  met  the  man.  We  met  him.  I  like  to 
work. 

In  the  first  instance  the  noun  man  is  the  objective; 
in  the  second,  the  pronoun  him;  in  the  third,  the  infin- 
itive to  work. 

Ca)  The  Objective  Case  is  that  case  of  a  noun  or 
pronoun  governed  by  a  transitive  verb  or  a  preposition. 
A  direct  object  answers  to  question  Whom?  or  What? 

Rule  IX. — Verbs  of  teaching,  asking,  making,  ap- 
pointing, etc.,  take  two  objectives. 

Thus :  He  teaches  me  grammar.  They  made  him 
manager. 


Rule  X.— Some  Intransitive  verbs  take  an  objective, 
if  it  is  similar  to  the  verb  itself. 

Thus :    To  die  the  death.    To  sleep  the  sleep. 

RuLfi  XI. — Limitations  of  a  verb  by  phrases  express- 
ing space,  time,  measure,  etc.,  are  in  the  objective  case. 

Thus :  He  walked  three  miles.  The  stone  weighed 
ten  pounds. 

II.— SYNTAX  OF  THE  ARTICLE. 

Rule  XII.— An  Article  modifies  the  noun  to  which 

it   relates. 

Thus :  _  James  wrote  a  letter.  He  opened  the  book. 
Here  a  is  the  indefinite  article  modifying  letter;  and 
the  the  definite  article  modifying  book. 

III.— SYNTAX  OF  THE  ADJECTIVE. 

Rule  XIII.— An  Adjective  modifies  the  noun  or  pro- 
noun to  which  it  relates. 

Thus:  James  wrote  a  long  letter.  Here  the  adjective 
long  modifies  or  describes  the  noun  letter. 

(a)  Sometimes  the  noun  which  the  adjective  de- 
scribes or  modifies  is  omitted ;  as,  Of  two  evils  choose 
the  least;  that  is,  the  least  evil. 

(b)  An  Adjective  sometimes  modifies  a  verb  in  the 
infinitive  mood,  or  a  part  of  a  sentence ;  as,  To  play 
is  pleasant.  Use  of  profane  language  is  wicked.  Here 
pleasant  modifies  the  infinitive  to  play;  and  wicked 
modifies  the  part  of  the  sentence,  use  of  profane  lan- 
guage. 

(c)  An  Adjective  may,  especially  in  poetry,  be  used 
as  an  abstract  noun;  as,  the  True;  the  Good;  the 
Beautiful. 

(d)  The  Distributive  Adjective  pronouns,  each, 
every,  either,  neither,  go  with  singular  nouns  only;  as, 
Each  boy  got  an  apple ;  Either  book  will  do. 

(e)  Of  the  Demonstrative  Adjective  pronouns,  this 
and  that  are  singular,  these  and  those  plural. 

(f)  A  Participle  is  a  pure  adjective  and  modifies 
the  noun  or  pronoun  to  which  it  relates ;  as,  The  boy, 
loving  his  mother,  ran  to  meet  her.  Here  the  participle 
loving  relates  to  the  noun  boy  and  modifies  it. 

IV.— SYNTAX  OF  THE  PRONOUN. 

Rule  XIV. — A  Pronoun  agrees  with  the  noun  or 
pronoun  for  which  it  stands,  in  Gender,  Number  and 
Person. 

(a)  With  Collective  nouns,  when  the  idea  is  singu- 
lar, the  pronoun  must  be  in  the  singular,  neuter;  as, 
The  class  is  too  large;  it  must  be  divided.  But  if  the 
idea  be  plural,  the  pronoun  must  be  plural ;  as,  Send 
the  multitude  away  that  they  may  buy  bread. 

(b)  When  a  pronoun  stands  for  two  or  more  words 
connected  by  and,  it  should  be  in  the  plural;  as,  William 
and  James  passed  by ;  I  saw  them. 

(c)  When  a  pronoun  stands  for  two  words  con- 
nected by  and.  both  words  expressive  of  the  same  sub- 
ject, it  should  be  in  the  singular;  as,  My  Lord  and 
Savior,  I  love  Him. 

(d)  When  a  pronoun  stands  for  two  or  more  words 
connected  by  or  or  nor,  it  should  be  in  the  singular;  as, 
Neither  play  nor  work  is  injurious,  if  it  is  carefully 
done.  But  when  one  of  the  words  connected  by  or  or 
nor  is  plural,  then  the  pronoun  should  be  plural ;  as, 
Neither  the  Captain  nor  Crew  knew  their  danger. 

(e)  When  a  pronoun  stands  for  two  or  more  words 
connected  by  and.  but  of  different  persons,  it  agrees 
with  the  first  person  in  preference  to  the  second,  and 
with  the  second  in  preference  to  the  third ;  as,  John  and 
I  had  our  skates  with  us. 


A  STUDY  OF  THE  FORMS  AND  RELATIONS  OF  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


29 


(f)  A  pronoun  may  stand  for  an  infinitive  mood,  or 
part  of  a  sentence,  and  in  such  cases  should  be  in  the 
neuter  gender,  singular  number,  third  person;  as,  To 
contradict  is  rude,  but  it  is  not  criminal.  She  is  very 
handsome,  but  unfortunately  knows  it. 

(g)  The  pronoun  it,  in  the  neuter  gender,  third  per- 
son, singular  number,  is  sometimes  used  indefinitely ; 
as,  It  rains.    It  snows. 

(h)  Who  refers  to  persons;  Which  to  the  lower 
animals,  inanimate  things  and  sometimes  to  infants. 
It  formerly  applied  to  persons;  as,  "Our  Father  which 
art  in  heaven." 

(i)  That  is  used  instead  of  Who  or  Which,  after  a 
Superlative ;  as,  It  is  the  best  book  that  can  be  got. 
It  is  similarly  used  after  Same,  all,  who  used  interroga- 
tively, and  it  used  indefinitely,  when  these  occur  in 
sentences. 

V.— SYNTAX  OF  THE  VERB. 

Rule  XV. — A  Verb  must  agree  with  its  subject  in 
Number  and  Person. 

(a)  The  Subject  answers  to  the  question  Who?  or 
What? 

(b)  The  Subject  of  a  verb  is  always  in  the  nomina- 
tive case. 

Rule  XVI. — Two  or  more  singular  nouns  connected 
by  or  or  nor  require  a  verb  in  the  singular;  as,  Either 
Tom  or  John  is  going. 

Rule  XVII. — Two  or  more  singular  nouns  that  are 
subjects,  connected  by  and,  require  their  verb  in  the 
plural ;  as,  Tom  and  John  are  going. 

Rule  XVIII. — Collective  nouns  implying  unity  take 
a  singular  verb;  but  when  they  imply  plurality  they 
take  a  plural  verb ;  as,  Parliament  was  dissolved.  The 
Committee  are  divided. 

Rule  XIX. — The  verb  to  be  is  often  attracted  to  the 
same  number  as  the  nominative  that  follows  it ;  as, 
"The  wages  of  sin  is  death." 

Rule  XX. — A  Transitive  verb  in  the  active  voice 
governs  its  direct  object  in  the  objective  case;  as,  I 
like  him.    They  dislike  her.    John  struck  James. 

(a)  The  Participle,  which  is  an  adjective,  has  the 
same  governing  power  as  a  verb ;  as,  seeing  the  rain, 
I  staid  at  home.  Here  the  participle  seeing  agrees  with 
/  as  an  adjective,  and  governs  rain  as  a  verb. 

(b)  The  object  of  the  verb  may  be  (i)  a  noun;  as, 
Jane  wrote  a  letter.     (2)  A  pronoun;  as,  We  saw  him. 

(3)  A  verb  in  the  infinitive  mood  or  an  infinitive  phrase; 
as,  He  tried  to  win  the  prize.     Boys  love  to  play  ball. 

(4)  A  participle  or  participial  phrase;  as,  Boys,  stop 
that  talking.  (5)  A  sentence  or  part  of  a  sentence;  as, 
God  said,  "Let  there  be  light."  In  all  the  above  in- 
stances the  objectives  are  used  as  nouns. 

(c)  The  place  of  the  object  is  usually  after  the  verb. 

(d)  The  Participle  of  an  active  transitive  verb  re- 
quires, in  the  active  voice,  an  object  in  the  objective 
case;  as,  The  boy,  having  eaten  unripe  fruit,  became 
sick. 

(e)  A  Relative  Pronoun,  when  in  the  objective  case, 
is  generally  placed  before  the  verb  it  governs;  as,  The 
horse  which  you  bought  is  fine.  Here  which  is  the 
object  of  the  verb  bought   (you  bought  which). 

VI.— SYNTAX  OF  THE  ADVERB. 

Rule  XXI. — Adverbs  modify  verbs,  adjectives  and 
other  adverbs  to  which  they  relate ;  as,  James  wrote  a 
letter  hastily.     A  thoroughly  bad  man. 

Rule  XXII. — The  Adverb  ought  to  be  placed  as  near 
as  possible  to  the  word  which  it  modifies.  We  should 
not  say  "He  only  gave  me  three  dollars ;"  but,  "He 
gave  mc  only  three  dollars,"  because  only  modifies  three. 


(a)  Adverbs  are  often  used  indefinitely  and  merely 
to  introduce  a  verb ;  as,  There  is  no  truth  in  you. 

(b)  Adverbs  like  yea,  yes,  nay,  no,  amen,  etc.,  do 
not  modify  any  verb. 

(c)  Adverbs  should  not  be  used  as  modifiers,  where 
adjectives  are  proper;  as,  The  flowers  looked  pretty, 
not  prettily. 

(d)  A  double  use  of  negatives  is  improper;  as,  "I 
cannot  by  110  means  allow  it,"  should  read  "I  can  by 
no  means  allow  it." 

(e)  Adverbs  are  sometimes  preceded  by  preposi- 
tions ;  as,  At  once,  for  ever.  This  form  is  still  an  ad- 
verb or  adverbial  phrase. 

VII.— SYNTAX  OF  THE  PREPOSITION. 

Rule  XXIII. — All  Prepositions  in  the  English  lan- 
guage govern  the  Objective  Case;  as,  "James  wrote  a 
letter  to  his  father."  Here  to  is  a  preposition,  showing 
the  relation  between  wrote  and  father,  and  governs 
father  in  the  objective  case. 

(a)  Prepositions  are  often  followed  by  an  adjec- 
tive without  the  noun  objective.  In  such  cases  it  must 
be  supplied  in  parsing;  as,  "Keep  to  the  right"  means 
"Keep  to  the  right  side." 

(b)  Prepositions  are  often  omitted  after  certain 
classes  of  verbs,  adjectives  and  nouns ;  as,  "Give  me  a 
book"  equals  "Give  to  me  a  book."  "Get  me  an  apple" 
means  "Get  for  me  an  apple. 

(c)  Double  Prepositions  should  be  regarded  as 
one ;  as,  "From  before  the  altar." 

(d)  Special  Prepositions. — Perhaps  the  most  fre- 
quent and  annoying  errors  in  common  speech  and  writ- 
ing are  those  made  in  the  use  of  special  prepositions. 
The  following  list  embraces  those  in  which  errors  are 
most  common,  the  preposition  in  italics  being  the  cor- 
rect one : 

Absolve  from 
Abhorrence  for 
Accord  with 
Acquit  of 
Affinity   between 
Adapted  to   (intent) 
Adapted  for  (by  nature) 
Agree  with   (a  person) 
Agree  to  (a  proposition) 
Angry  with 
Bestow  upon 
Change  for  (a  thing) 
Change  with   (a  person) 
Change  of   (apparel) 
Confer  on    (favor) 
Confer  with   (talk) 
Confide  in  (trust) 
Confide  to   (give  to) 
Conform   to 
Conformity   with 
Comply  with 
Convenient  to   (person) 
Convenient  for  (purpose) 
Conversant  with 


Differ  from   (opinion) 

Differ  with   (person) 

Different  from 

Disappointed  of   (hopes) 

Disappointed  in  (what  you  have) 

Dissent  from 

Exception  from  (a  rule) 

Exception  to   (statement) 

Followed  by 

Glad  of   (possession) 

Glad  at  (the  news) 

Independent  of 

Involve  in 

Martyr  for  (a  cause) 

Martyr  to    (disease) 

Necessity  for 

Need  of  (bread) 

Need  for  (a  thing) 

Part  from  (one) 

Part  with   (a  thing) 

Profit  by 

Reconcile  to  (a  person) 

Reconcile  with   (statement) 

Taste  of  (food) 

Taste  for   (reading) 

Thirst  for   (water) 

Thirst  for  or  after    (knowledge) 


Correspond  with   (one) 
Correspond  to   (a  thing) 
Dependent  on 
Derogatory  to 

The  tendency  to  use  needless  prepositions  should  be 
studiously  corrected ;  as,  "In  what  place  was  he  found 
in?"  for  "In  what  place  was  he  found?"  "Where  am  I 
at?"  for  "Where  am  I?" 

VIII.— SYNTAX   OF   THE   CONJUNCTION. 

Rule  XXIV. — A  Conjunction  connects  the  Words, 
Sentences,  Phrases  and  Clauses  between  which  it 
stands. 

(a)  The  words  connected  by  conjunctions  must  be 
of  the  same  class ;  that  is,  nouns  with  nouns,  pronouns 
with  pronouns,  adjectives  with  adjectives,  verbs  with 
verbs,  adverbs  with  adverbs,  etc. ;  as,  "James  and  John 
are  brothers."     "We  saw  him  and  her." 


30 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


(b)  In  connecting  words  and  clauses  by  means  of 
two  conjunctions,  the  conjunctions  must  correspond  to 
each  other;  as,  "It  is  neither  hot  nor  cold." 

(c)  It  is  plain  that  the  Conjunction  and  must  make 
two  singulars  equal  to  a  plural;  as,  "He  and  I  are  of 
the  same  age." 

(d)  When  corresponding  Conjunctions  are  used,  let 
it  be  remembered  that  so  and  as  require  an  as  after 
them ;  though  requires  yet;  whether,  or;  either,  or; 
neither,  nor;  nor,  nor;  or,  or.    Example : 

"Though  deep,  yet  clear;  though  gentle,  yet  not  dull." 

(e)  Certain  adjectives  also  require  special  Conjunc- 
tions after  them.  Such  (adj.)  requires  as  after  it; 
both  (adj.)  requires  and;  as,  "Would  I  describe  a 
preacher  such  as  Paul." 

(f)  The  Conjunction  that  is  often  omitted;  as,  "Yet 
Brutus  says  he  was  ambitious !"  Here  that  is  omitted 
before  he. 

IX.— THE  SYNTAX  OF  THE  INTERJECTION. 

Rule  XXV. — An  Interjection  has  no  dependence  on 
any  other  word.  In  parsing,  all  that  is  necessary  is 
to  tell  what  part  of  speech  it  is. 

X.— ANALYSIS. 

Analysis  is  the  process  of  taking  a  sentence  to 
pieces,  and  accounting  for  each  piece. 

(i)  A  Sentence  is  a  number  of  words  put  together 
so  as  to  make  complete  sense;  as,  "The  horse  gallops." 
"Man   is   mortal." 

A  sentence  may  consist  of  a  single  word ;  as,  "Strike ;" 
"Depart." 

(2)  Every  sentence  must  consist  of  at  least  two 
parts.  These  two  parts  are  the  thing  we  speak  about 
and  what  we  say  of  the  thing. 

(a)  The  Subject  is  what  we  speak  about.  "Jane 
loves."     Here  Jane  is  the  Subject. 

(b)  The  Predicate  is  what  we  say  of  the  subject. 
"Jane  loves."    Here  loves  is  the  Predicate. 

(c)  Sometimes  the  Subject  is  not  expressed,  but  is 
understood;  as,  "Go!"  equal  to  "Go  you!" 

(d)  The  Grammatical  Subject  is  simply  the  noun 
or  pronoun  which  is  the  subject  of  the  sentence;  as, 
"Man  lives."     Man  is  the  Grammatical  subject. 

(e)  The  Logical  Subject  includes  all  the  attendant 
words  which  serve  to  modify  the  subject;  as,  "The  good 
old  man  still  lives."  Here  The  good  old  man  is  the 
logical  subject. 

(3)  A  Simple  Subject  is  a  single  noun  or  pronoun, 
the  subject  of  a  verb,  with  no  modifying  word  or 
words ;  as,  "William  plowed  the  field."  "He  wrote  a 
letter." 

(4)  A  Complex  Subject  is  one  in  which  the  noun 
or  pronoun  which  is  the  subject  of  the  verb  is  accom- 
panied by  some  modifying  word  or  words ;  as,  "The 
bad  boy.  afraid  of  a  whipping,  staid  away  from  school." 
Here  all  the  words  in  italics  limit  or  modify  the  sub- 
ject boy,  and  make  it  Complex. 

(5)  The  single  words,  phrases  and  clauses  which 
make  a  subject  complex  are  called  Adjuncts  of  the 
subj  ect. 

(6)  The  ways  in  which  Adjuncts  modify  the  sub- 
ject are  as  follows: 

(a)  By  an  article;  as,  "The  boy  ran  away." 

(b)  By  an  adjective;  as,    Great  men  are  few." 

(c)  By  a  noun  or  pronoun  in  apposition;  as,  "George 
Washington,  President,  is  dead."  "Jane  herself  came 
home." 

(d)  By  a  noun  or  pronoun  in  the  possessive  case; 
as,  "John's  coat  is  warm." 


(e)  By  a  participle;  as,  "Men  fighting  are  a  sad 
sight." 

(f)  By  a  verb  in  the  infinite  mood;  as,  "The  time 
to  study  is  now  here." 

(g)  By  a  prepositional  phrase;  as,  "The  opportunity 
of  the  hour  should  not  be  lost." 

(h)  By  a  participial  phrase;  as,  "The  wind,  blowing 
a  hurricane,  did  much  damage." 

(i)  By  a  clause;  as,  "The  hope  that  he  might  be 
pardoned  sustained  him." 

(j)  Nouns,  adjectives,  adverbs,  participles  and  in- 
finitives which  go  to  form  Adjuncts  may  themselves 
be  modified  by  other  adjuncts. 

(7)  Compound  Subjects  are  those  which  consist 
of  two  or  more  subjects,  simple  or  complex,  connected 
by  one  or  more  conjunctions;  as,  "Men  and  women  are 
human  beings."  Here  are  really  two  sentences,  "Men 
are  human  beings."     "Women  are  human  beings." 

(8)  Of  the  Predicate.— Predicates,  like  Subjects, 
are  Grammatical  and  Logical. 

(a)  The  Grammatical  Predicate  is  simply  the  finite 
verb  to  which  the  noun  or  pronoun  forming  the  gram- 
matical subject  is  nominative;  as,  "The  boy  runs." 
Runs  is  the  Grammatical  Predicate. 

(b)  The  Logical  Predicate  is  the  verb  of  which  the 
noun  or  pronoun  is  the  subject,  together  with  all  the 
words  which  may  modify  the  verb ;  as,  "John  has  finally 
reached  home  in  safety."  Here  the  words  in  italics 
modify  has  reached,  and  constitute  the  Logical  Predi- 
cate. 

(c)  The  Simple  Predicate  is  a  single  finite  verb 
having  a  noun  or  pronoun  for  its  subject;  as,  "The 
water  has  frozen." 

(d)  A  Complex  Predicate  is  one  in  which  the  mean- 
ing of  the  verb  is  modified  by  some  accompanying  word 
or  words ;  as,  "Men  will  strive  to  be  as  rich  as  they 
can."  Here  the  predicate  will  strive  is  rendered  com- 
plex by  the  accompanying  words  in  italics. 

(e)  Predicates,  like  Subjects,  are  rendered  complex 
by  three  kinds  of  adjuncts,  Single  Words,  Phrases  and 
Clauses ;  as,  "John  walks  slowly."  "John  walked  to  his 
home  in  great  haste."  "John  walked  to  his  home  which 
ivas  in  the  valley." 

(f)  The  Adjuncts  which  modify  Predicates  may 
themselves  be  modified  by  other  adjuncts. 

(g)  A  Compound  Predicate  consists  of  two  or 
more  predicates,  simple  or  complex,  united  by  one  or 
more  conjunctions;  as,  "John  loves  and  reverences 
God;"  that  is.  "John  loves  God,  John  reverences  God." 

XL— ANALYSIS  OF  SENTENCES. 

(1)  A  Simple  Sentence  is  a  sentence  which  con- 
sists of  one  subject  and  one  predicate.  Both  the  sub- 
ject and  predicate  may  be  accompanied  by  modifying 
words  or  phrases,  and  yet  the  sentence  remain  simple. 
"John  struck  James."  "John  in  a  fit  of  anger  struck 
James  a  hard  blow."  Both  of  these  are  simple  sen- 
tences. 

(2)  But  when  a  Clause  modifies  the  subject  or 
predicate,  the  sentence  is  no  longer  simple,  but  Com- 
plex; as,  "A  life  zvhich  is  spent  in  doing  good  cannot 
be  a  failure."  Here  the  words  in  italics  constitute  a 
Clause,  and  render  the  sentence  complex. 

(3)  When  two  or  more  sentences  are  connected  by 
a  conjunction  they  constitute  a  Compound  Sentence; 
as,  "John  went  into  the  woods,  and  shot  two  squirrels." 
Here  John  is  the  subject  of  both  went  and  shot. 

(4)  As  to  their  form  or  use,  sentences  are  of  three 
kinds:  Assertive  or  Declarative,  Interrogative  and 
Imperative. 


A  STUDY  OF  THE  FORMS  AND  RELATIONS  OF  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


31 


(a)  An  Assertive  or  Declarative  Sentence  simply 
asserts  or  denies;  as,  "The  night  grows  cold."  "I  am 
not  going."  » 

(b)  An  Interrogative  Sentence  asks  a  question; 
as,  "Whom  do  you  seek?" 

(c)  An  Imperative  Sentence  always  contains  a 
verb  in  the  imperative  mood;  as,  "Look  to  your  man- 
ners." In  imperative  sentences  the  subject  is  usually 
omitted,  as  in  the  above  example. 

(5)  A  Phrase  is  a  series  of  words  connected  in 
meaning,  but  without  a  predicate,  and  not  making  com- 
plete sense  by  themselves;  as,  "December,  the  month 
of  snows,  has  come."  "The  reason  for  his  failure  was 
recklessness."  "The  King  being  dead,  his  son  suc- 
ceeded." 

(6)  A  Clause  of  a  sentence  contains  a  verb  and  its 
subject,  making  complete  sense;  yet  it  is  not  inde- 
pendent, being  used  to  modify  some  other  part  or  parts 
of  a  sentence  of  which  it  is  a  part ;  as,  "The  boy  who  is 
studious  will  learn."  "He  staid  at  home  until  it  ceased 
raining." 

(7)  The  parts  of  a  sentence  united  by  a  conjunction 
to  form  a  compound  sentence  are  called  the  Members 
of  the  sentence;  as,  "The  sun  had  risen,  and  the  grass 
was  scorched."  Here  are  two  Members  united  to  form 
a  compound  sentence. 

PROSODY, 

Prosody  is  that  part  of  grammar  which  deals  with 
the  laws  and  nature  of  verse. 

(1)  English  verse  is  made  up  of  lines;  each  line  of 
verse  contains  a  fixed  number  of  accents ;  each  accent 
has  a  fixed  number  of  unaccented  syllables  attached 
to  it. 

Who    loves'  I  not    rhore'  I  the    night'  |  of    June' 
Than    dull'  |  Decern'  |  ber  s   gloom'  |     of  noon'  ? 

(2)  One  accented  syllable  with  one  or  two  unac- 
cented, taken  together,  is  called  a  foot.  A  foot  is  the 
unit  of  metre. 

(3)  An  Iambus  is  one  accented  syllable  preceded 
by  one  unaccented;  as,  Perhaps';  compel';  career'. 

(4)  A  Trochee  is  one  accented  syllable  followed  by 
one  unaccented;  as,  Gent'le;  la'dy;  raven. 

(5)  An  Anapest  is  one  accented  syllable  preceded 
by  two  unaccented ;  as,  Serenade' ;  disappear'. 

(6)  A  Dactyl  is  one  accented  syllable  followed  by 
two  unaccented;  as,  Hap'pily;  merrily. 

(7)  An  Amphibrach  is  an  accented  syllable  with  one 
unaccented  on  each  side  of  it;  as,  Despairing;  al- 
might'y. 

(8)  A  verse  made  up  of  iambuses  is  called  Iambic 
Verse;  of  trochees,  Trochaic;  of  anapests,  Anapestic; 
of  dactyls,  Dactylic. 

(9)  A  verse  of  three  feet  is  called  Trimeter;  of 
four  feet,  Tetrameter;  of  five  feet,  Pentameter;  of 
six  feet,  Hexameter. 

(10)  Rhymed  Iambic  Pentameter  is  called  Heroic 
verse;  when  unrhymed  it  is  called  Blank  verse. 

(11)  Iambic  Trimeter  consists  of  three  iambuses. 

The  king'  |  was  on'  |  his  throne'; 
His  sa'    I    traps  thronged'    |    the   hall'. 

(12)  Iambic  Tetrameter  consists  of  four  iambuses. 

The   fire'    [    with   well'    |    dried   logs'    |    supplied'. 

(13)  Iambic  Pentameter  consists  of  five  iambuses. 

True   wit'   |    in  na'    |    ture   to'    |    advan'    |    tage   dressed'. 

(14)  Iambic  Hexameter  consists  of  six  iambuses. 

Upon'    [    the    mid'    |    lands   now'    |    the    indus'    |    trious 
muse'    I    doth    fall'. 


(15)  The  above  pretends  to  be  hexameter,  but  it  is 
really  two  trimeter  verses  printed  in  one  long  line, 
and  is  very  monotonous. 

(16)  Trochaic  Tetrameter  consists  of  four  trochees. 

When'   the    |    heath'    en    |    trump'   et    |    's  clang. 

(17)  Trochaic  Octometer  consists  of  eight  tro- 
chees. 

Com'  rades  |  leave'  me  |  here'  a  |  lit'  tie,  |  while'  as  !  yet'  'tis  1 
ear'  ly  |  morn'. 

(18)  Anapestic  Tetrameter  consists  of  four  ana- 
pests. 

And  the  clan'  |  has  a  name'  |  that  is  name'  |  less  by  day'. 

(19)  Dactylic  Dimeter  consists  of  two  dactyls. 

Can'  non  to  1  right'  of  them, 
Can'  non  to  |  left'  of  them. 

(20)  Dactylic  Tetrameter  consists  of  four  dactyls. 

High'est  and  |  best'  are  the  |  sons'  of  the  |  morn'  ing. 
Here  the  last  foot  is  a  trochee,  which  is  allowable. 

(21)  Amphibrachic  Tetrameter  consists  of  four 
amphibrachs. 

There  came'  to  |  the  breach'  a  |  poor  ex'  ile  |  of  E'rin. 

(22)  A  verse  with  a  syllable  over  and  above  the 
number  of  feet  of  which  it  consists  is  called  Hyper- 
metrical. 

Day  af  [  ter  day,  |  day  af  I  ter  day 

We  stuck;  |  nor  breath  |  nor  mo  |  tion,    (hyper.) 
As  i  I  die  as  I  a  paint  |  ed  ship  | 

Upon  I  a  paint  |  ed  o  |  cean.    (hyper.) 

(23)  A  verse  with  a  syllable  wanting  to  the  number 
of  feet  of  which  it  consists  is  said  to  be  Defective. 

Slaug' tered  |  down'  by  |  heath' en  |  blade,     (defective.) 

(24)  Rhyme  is  a  correspondence  in  sound  at  the 
ends  of  lines  of  poetry.  Rhyme,  to  be  good,  must 
satisfy  four  conditions.    These  are : 

(a)  The  rhyming  syllable  must  be  accented.  Thus 
ring  rhymes  with  sing;  but  not  with  think' ing. 

(b)  The  vowel  must  be  the  same,  to  the  ear,  at 
least,  though  not  necessarily  to  the  eye.  Thus  lose  and 
close  are  good  rhymes. 

(c)  The  final  consonant  must  be  the  same;  as, 
clang,  rang.  But  mix  rhymes  with  tricks,  because 
x  =  ks. 

(d)  The  preceding  consonant  must  be  different ;  as, 
Beat,  feet;  jump,  pump. 

(25)  The  Rhythm,  or  musical  flow  of  verse,  de- 
pends on  the  varied  succession  of  phrases  of  different 
lengths,  but  most  of  all  upon  the  Cesura,  which  is  the 
rest,  halt,  break  or  pause  in  a  line  for  the  voice  in 
reading  aloud.  It  is  found  in  both  short  and  long 
lines. 

More  pleased  that  I  |  in  a  barbarous  age 
He  gave  rude  Scotland  |  |  Virgil's  page. 

Now,  Lycidas,  |  |  the  shepherds  weep  no  more; 

Henceforth  |  |  thou  are  the  genius  of  the  shore. 

(26)  The  Stanza  is  a  group  of  rhymed  lines. 

(a)  A  Couplet  is  a  stanza  of  two  rhymed  lines. 

(b)  A  Triplet  is  a  stanza  of  three  rhymed  lines. 

(c)  A  Quartrain  is  a  stanza  of  four  rhymed  lines, 
of  which  the  first  (sometimes)  rhymes  with  the  third, 
and  the  second  always  with  the  fourth. 

(d)  A  Sextant  is  a  stanza  of  six  lines,  with  the 
second,  fourth  and  sixth  lines  rhyming.  But  the  ar- 
rangement of  rhyming  lines  may  vary. 

(e)  An  Octave,  or  Ottava,  is  a  stanza  of  eight 
lines,  with  a  varying  arrangement  of  rhyming  lines. 

(f)  The  Spenserian  stanza,  so  called  because 
Spenser  first  used  it  in  his  "Faerie  Queen,"  is  a  stanza 
of  nine  lines. 

(g)  A  Sonnet  is  a  short  poem  of  fourteen  lines, 
with  the  rhymes  arranged  in  a  peculiar  way.  The  first 
eight  lines  of  a  sonnet  are  called  its  octave,  and  the 
last  six,  its  sestette. 


ENGLISH    COMPOSITION; 

OR,  THE  TURNING  OF  WORDS  INTO  SENTENCES. 


PART  I.     LANGUAGE. 

LESSON  i. 

1.  Language  is  the  means  of  expressing  thought  by 
words;  it  is  both  oral  and  written. 

2.  Oral  Language  expresses  thought  by  combina- 
tions of  sounds,  called  words. 

3.  Written  Language  expresses  thought  by  means 
of  combination  of  characters  or  letters  that  stand  for 
words. 

LESSON  2. 

THE   SENTENCES. 

4.  A  Sentence  is  a  thought  expressed  in  words, 
either  spoken  or  written. 

5.  A 'sentence  in  its  simplest  form  is  the  statement 
of  a  single  fact,  thus :  Dugs  bark.  The  man  walks. 
Each  of  these  sentences  contains  two  parts. 

6.  Say  something  about  the  wind.     The  wind  blows. 

7.  Make  a  statement  about  The  wind  blows. 

8.  Express  a  thought  about  the  wind.  The  wind 
blows. 

9.  Make  a  sentence  about  the  wind.    The  wind  blows. 

10.  In  the  sentence,  The  wind  blows,  wind  is  the 
subject,  because  it  is  the  thing  about  which  something 
has  been  said. 

11.  Say  something  about  a  thing  that  blows.  The 
wind  blows. 

12.  Make  a  statement  about  something  that  blows. 
The  wind  blows. 

13.  Express  a  thought  about  something  that  blows. 
The  icind  blows. 

14.  Make  a  sentence  about  something  that  blows. 
The  wind  blows. 

15.  In  the  sentence,  "The  wind  blows,"  blows  is  the 
predicate,  because  it  is  that  which  is  said  of  the  subject. 

16.  Every  sentence  contains  a  thought. 

17.  Every  sentence  must  have  a  subject  and  a  pred- 
icate. 

18.  The  subject  is  that  which  something  is  said 
about. 

19.  The  predicate  is  that  which  says  something  about 
the  subject. 

LESSON  3. 

THE  SENTENCE. 

20.  A  simple  statement  is  called  a  proposition. 

21.  Every  proposition  contains  a  subject  and  a 
predicate. 

22.  A  sentence  may  consist  of  a  single  proposition 
or  a  combination  of  propositions.  Thus :  The  wind 
blew.  This  is  a  simple  proposition.  The  wind  blew 
and  the  rain  fell.  This  sentence  is  a  combination  of 
Uvo  propositions. 

23.  A  clause  is  one  of  two  or  more  united  proposi- 
tions. As,  When  the  signal  zvas  given,  the  gate  was 
opened  and  the  horses  rushed  across  the  field.  This 
sentence  is  composed  of  three  clauses:   (1)   When  the 


signal  was  given,  (2)  the  gate  was  opened,  (3)  the 
horses   rushed   across  the   field. 

The  subject  of  the  first  clause  is  signal,  the  predicate 
rushed. 

A  phrase  is  a  combination  of  words ;  but,  unlike  the 
clause,  it  has  no  subject  or  predicate;  as.  In  the  spring; 
on  the  hill;  between  the  rocks. 

LESSON  4. 

THE  SENTENCE— NOUN  AND  VERB. 

24.  A  noun  is  a  word  used  as  a  name  of  some  ob- 
ject or  quality;  as,  Charles,  cow,  chair,  goodness. 

A  noun  is  a  part  of  speech. 

25.  The  subject  of  a  sentence  or  a  clause  always 
contains  a  noun  or  something  used  as  a  noun.  It  is 
that  about  which  something  is  said. 

26.  A  verb  is  a  word  that  denotes  some  action,  state 
or  being;  as,  walk,  ride,  is  living.  A  verb  is  a  part  of 
speech. 

27.  The  predicate  of  a  sentence  or  of  a  clause  always 
contains  a  verb.  It  is  that  which  says  something  about 
the  subject. 

28.  In  the  sentence,  "The  black  dog  ran  swiftly," 
dog  is  a  noun  and  is  the  subject;  ran  is  the  verb  and 
is  the  predicate. 

LESSON  5. 

THE  PRINCIPAL  ELEMENTS  OF  A  SENTENCE. 

29.  The  principal  elements  of  a  sentence  or  a  clause 
are  the  subject  and  predicate.  Hence  the  principal  ele- 
ments of  a  sentence  or  a  clause  are  nouns  and  verbs. 

30.  The  subject  is  simple  when  the  affirmation  made 
by  the  predicate  is  concerning  only  one  thing;  as. 
Snow  melts. 

31.  The  subject  is  compound  when,  the  affirmation 
is  made  concerning  more  than  one  thing;  as,  Snow 
and  Ice  melt. 

32.  The  predicate  of  a  proposition  or  clause  is  either 
simple  or  compound. 

33.  The  predicate  is  simple  when  but  one  affirma- 
tive is  made;  as,  The  lambs  run. 

34.  The  predicate  is  compound  when  more  than  one 
affirmation  is  made;  as,  The  lambs  run  and  skip. 

35.  The  subject  and  predicate  may  both  be  com- 
pound ;  as,  Boys  and  girls  "work  and  play. 

LESSON  6. 
MODIFYING   ELEMENTS. 

36.  The  modifying  elements  are  adjective  elements, 
adverbial  elements,  objective  elements,  connective  ele- 
ments and  independent  elements. 

37.  Adjective  Elements. — Words  that  modity  a 
noun  or  anything  that  is  used  instead  of  a  noun  are 
called  adjectives;  as  the  black  dog;  the  szt'ift  horse; 
five  cows.     The,  black,  S"wift  and  five  are  adject've*. 


(32) 


ENGLISH   COMPOSITION. 


33 


An  adjective  is  a  part  of  speech.  Adjectives  are  called 
adjective  elements.  Phrases  and  clauses,  used  like  ad- 
jectives, are  called  adjective  elements;  as,  "Star  of  the 
sianiner  night."  Of  the  summer  night  is  a  phrase.  It 
is  used  like  an  adjective  to  modify  star.  Hence  it  is 
an  adjective  element.  "The  star  that  set  too  early." 
That  set  too  early  is  a  clause  used  like  an  adjective 
to  modify  star.    Hence  it  is  an  adjective  element. 

38.  Adverbial  Elements. — A  word  used  to  modify 
a  verb  or  an  adjective  is  called  an  adverb.  "The  horse 
ran  swiftly."  Swiftly  modifies  the  verb  ran.  Hence  it 
is  an  adverb. 

(a)  "A  very  tall  man  passed  by."  Very  modifies 
the  adjective  tall.     Hence  it  is  an  adverb. 

(b)  Words  that  modify  adverbs  are  called  adverbs; 
as,  "The  horse  ran  very  swiftly."  Very  modifies  the 
adverb  swiftly.  Hence  it  is  an  adverb.  The  adverb  is 
a  part  of  speech. 

(c)  Adverbs  and  phrases  and  clauses  used  like 
adverbs  are  called  adverbial  elements;  as,  "He  walks 
in  the  dark."  In  the  dark  is  a  phrase  modifying  the 
verb  walks.  Hence  it  is  used  like  an  adverb  and  is 
an  adverbial  element. 

"The  dog  barks  when  he  sees  a  tramp."  The  clause 
when  he  sees  a  tramp  modifies  the  verb  barks,  like  an 
adverb.     Hence  it  is  an  adverbial  element. 

39.  Connective  Elements.  —  Words  that  connect 
other  words  are  called  conjunctions;  as,  Dogs  and  cats 
are  animals."  The  word  and  connects  the  word  dogs 
with  cats. 

40.  Conjunctive  Adverbs. — Some  adverbs  perform 
the  double  office  of  modifying  some  word  and  connect- 
ing two  clauses ;  as,  "He  saw  the  boat  when  it  passed 
under  the  bridge."  When  connects  the  principal  clause, 
He  saiv  the  boat,  and  the  subordinate  clause,  it  passed 
under  the  bridge.  It  also  modifies  the  verb  passed. 
When  is  a  conjunctive  adverb. 

41.  Prepositions. — Words  that  join  other  words  and 
show  relation  between  them  are  called  prepositions. 
The  preposition  is  a  part  of  speech;  as,  "The  boy  sat 
on  his  sled."  The  word  on  connects  the  words  sat  and 
sled  and  shows  the  relation  between  them.  It  forms 
with  sled  the  adverbial  phrase  on  his  sled. 

42.  Objective  Elements. — Words  used  to  complete 
the  meaning  of  verbs  and  prepositions  are  called  ob- 
jects. Hence  objective  elements ;  as,  "The  dog  bit  the 
boy."  The  word  boy  completes  the  meaning  of  the 
verb  bit  and  is  said  to  be  the  object  of  the  verb  bit. 
"The  boy  sat  on  his  sled."  The  word  sled  completes 
the  meaning  of  on  and  is  said  to  be  the  object  of  the 
preposition  on. 

The  objects  of  verbs  and  prepositions  are  called 
objective  elements. 

43.  Independent  Elements. — Words  used  to  express 
some  strong  or  sudden  emotion  are  called  interjec- 
tions; as,  "Ah!  that  is  the  trouble."  The  interjection 
is  a  part  of  speech. 

Nouns  and  words,  used  independently,  and  interjec- 
tions are  called  independent  elements;  as,  "Friend,  you 
are  unwise." 

Phrases  and  clauses,  used  like  interjections,  are  in- 
dependent elements ;  as,  "Of  all  things,  I  never  said  so." 
"Oh !  that  we  were  wise." 

44.  Attributive  Elements.  —  Words,  phrases  and 
clauses  used  in  the  predicate,  but  relating  to  the  sub- 
ject, are  called  attributes;  as,  "The  boy  is  good."  "He 
is  of  strong  mind."  "My  judgment  is  that  you  will 
succeed." 

45.  The  Copula. — The  verb  be  and  its  forms,  am,  is, 
was,  are,  were,  been,  etc.,  are  usually  used  to  connect 


the  subject  to  its  attribute;  as,  "John  is  good."  "He 
was  a  strong  man."  Is  connects  John  with  its  attribute 
good.     Was  connects  he  with  its  attribute  man. 

LESSON  7. 
CLASSIFICATION    OF    SENTENCES. 

46.  Sentences  are  divided,  with  respect  to  use,  into 
four  classes :  declarative,  interrogative,  imperative  and 
exclamatory. 

47.  A  declarative  sentence  is  used  to  affirm  or  to 
deny ;  as,  "Birds  fly." 

48.  An  interrogative  sentence  is  used  to  ask  a  ques- 
tion; as,  "What  is  the  matter?" 

49.  An  imperative  sentence  is  used  to  express  a 
command,  entreaty  or  request;  as,  "Lend  me  your 
book." 

50.  An  exclamatory  sentence  is  used  in  exclamation 
or  to  express  strong  emotion ;  as,  "Alas !  I  shall  perish." 

51.  Sentences  are  divided,  with  respect  to  form,  into 
three  classes :  simple,  complex  and  compound. 

52.  A  simple  sentence  consists  of  but  one  proposi- 
tion; as,  "Stars  shine."  "Who  comes  here?"  "Move 
slowly." 

53.  Propositions  are  either  principal  or  subordinate, 
and  are  usually  called  clauses. 

54.  A  principal  clause  is  one  which  makes  complete 
sense  when  standing  alone. 

55.  A  subordinate  clause  is  one  which  must  be  con- 
nected with  another  clause  to  make  complete  sense ;  as, 
"The  man  that  does  no  good  does  harm." 

Note. — In  this  sentence,  "The  man  does  harm"  is  the 
principal  proposition,  for  it  makes  complete  sense  when 
standing  alone.  "That  does  no  good"  is  the  subordinate 
proposition,  for  it  does  not  make  complete  sense  unless 
connected  with  the  other  proposition.     It  modifies  man. 

56.  A  complex  sentence  consists  of  a  principal 
clause,  with  either  itself,  or  some  part  of  itself,  modi- 
fied by  a  subordinate  clause,  used  as  an  element ;  as, 
"Leaves  fall  when  autumn  comes."  "He  who  is  diligent 
will  win  the  race."  "I  hear  that  you  have  bought  a 
fine  residence." 

57.  A  compound  sentence  consists  of  two  or  more 
propositions  joined  by  coordinate  connectives;  as, 
"Summer  comes  and  fruit  ripens."  "I  go,  but  I  re- 
turn." 

Notes. — I.  Propositions  or  clauses  composing  com- 
pound sentences  are  called  members. 

II.  The  propositions  composing  compound  or  complex 
sentences  may  themselves  be  compound  or  complex. 

III.  Relative  pronouns,  subordinate  conjunctions  and 
conjunctive  adverbs  are  used  to  connect  the  dependent 
clauses  of  complex  sentences  to  the  principal  clause, 
and  to  each  other  when  they  themselves  are  complex. 

IV.  Sometimes  the  connectives  are  omitted;  as, 
Talent  is  power,  tact  is  skill." 

58.  A  prepositional  phrase  is  one  which  is  intro- 
duced by  a  preposition ;  as,  "Of  a  truth."  It  is  fre- 
quently called  an  adjunct. 

59.  A  complex  phrase  is  one  that  contains  a  phrase 
or  a  clause,  as  a  modifying  adjunct  of  its  principal 
part ;  as,  "In  the  varieties  of  life."  Of  life  is  an  ad- 
junct or  phrase  modifying  varieties. 

60.  A  compound  phrase  is  one  composed  of  two  or 
more  coordinate  phrases ;  as,  "Stooping  down  and  look- 
ing in."     "Over  the  bridge  and  around  the  bridge." 

61.  An  infinitive  phrase  is  one,  the  principal  part  of 
which  is  a  verb,  and  is  usually  preceded  by  to;  as,  "To 


34 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


do  good."  The  participle  is  a  form  of  the  verb,  used 
like  an  adjective;  as,  "The  knife  taken  from  the  table 
was  Jackson's."  Taken  modifies  knife  like  an  adjec- 
tive and  is  made  from  the  verb  take. 

62.  A  participial  phrase  is  one,  the  principal  part  of 
which  is  a  participle ;  as,  "A  measure  founded  on 
justice." 

Note. — A  phrase  may  be  used  as  a  subject,  object  or 
attribute,  or  it  may  be  an  adverbial  or  an  adjective 
modifier,  or  it  may  be  independent. 

"To  achieve  success  was  his  aim,"  phrase  used  as 
subject.  "I  like  to  study  arithmetic,"  phrase  used  as 
object.  "To  miss  the  concert  was  to  lose  a  great  pleas- 
ure," phrase  used  as  attribute.  "Imagine  a  palace  of 
ivory  and  pearl,"  phrase  used  as  adjective  modifier. 
"The  old  soldiers  fought  with  bravery,"  phrase  used  as 
adverbial  modifier.  "To  speak  plainly,  he  is  your  best 
friend,"  independent  phrase. 

LESSON   8. 

ANALYSIS  OF  SENTENCES. 

63.  The  analysis  of  a  sentence  is  the  separation  of 
it  into  its  parts  or  elements. 

Example  i. — Grant  met  Lee. 

Explanation. — This  is  a  sentence;  declarative,  simple 
(why?).  Grant  is  the  subject;  met  is  the  predicate 
verb  and  is  modified  by  Lee,  an  objective  element. 

64.  Example  2. — What  did  you  see? 

This  is  a  sentence;  declarative,  simple  (why?). 
You  is  the  subject;  did  see  is  the  predicate  verb 
(why?).  The  predicate  verb  is  modified  by  what,  an 
objective  element. 

65.  Example  3.— Bring  me  water. 

This  is  a  sentence;  imperative  (why?).  Thou  or 
you  understood  is  the  subject;  bring  is  the  predicate 
verb  (why?).  The  predicate  verb  is  modified  by  water, 
a  direct  objective  element,  and  by  me,  an  indirect  ob- 
jective element. 

66.  Example  4. — They  have  chosen  John  clerk. 
This  is  a  sentence;  declarative,  simple  (why?).   They 

is  the  subject;  have  chosen  is  the  predicate  verb 
(why?).  The  predicate  verb  is  modified  by  John,  an 
objective  element,  and- John  is  modified  by  clerk,  an 
adjective  element  denoting  office. 

67.  Example  5. — The  boat  glides  smoothly. 

This  is  a  sentence;  declarative,  simple  (why?).  Boat 
is  the  subject  nominative;  glides  is  the  predicate  verb. 
The  subject  nominative  is  modified  by  the,  an  adjective 
element ;  the  predicate  verb  is  modified  by  smoothly, 
an  adverbial  element. 

68.  Example  6. — William  is  strictly  honest. 

This  is  a  sentence;  declarative,  simple  (why?).  Wil- 
liam is  the  subject;  is  is  the  predicate  verb  (or  copula)  ; 
honest  is  the  attribute  (why?).  The  attribute  is  modi- 
fied by  strictly,  an  adverbial  element. 

69.  Example  7. — Large  rocks  are  plenty. 

This  is  a  sentence ;  declarative,  simple.  Rocks  is  the 
subject  nominative;  are  plenty  is  the  predicate  verb 
(why?).  The  subject  nominative  is  modified  by  large, 
an  adjective  element.  Are  is  the  copula  (why?). 
Plenty  is  the  attribute. 

70.  Example  8.— The  dog  broke  the  boy's  arm. 
Dog  is   the   subject  nominative,  modified  by  the,  an 

adjective  element.  Broke,  the  predicate  verb,  is  modi- 
fiedby  arm,  an  objective  element.  Arm  is  modified  by 
boy's,  an  adjective  element.  Boy's  arm  is  modified  by 
the,  an  adjective  element.  (Some  may  regard  the  as 
a  modifier  of  arm.) 


I.  Compound  Subjects. — 1.  He  and  /  went  to  Lon- 
don. 

II.  Compound  Predicates. —  1.  The  bank  clerk 
wrote  the  draft  and  handed  it  to  the  cashier  for  sig- 
nature. 

IN.  Compound  Objective  Elements. — 1.  He  had  a 
good  mind,  a  sound  judgment  and  a  lively  imagination. 

IV.  Compound  Adjective  Elements. — 1.  He  was  a 
good,   faithful  and  generous  man. 

V.  Compound  Adverbial  Elements. — 1.  "Man  is 
fearfully  and  wonderfully  made." 

The  following  are  the  principal  rules  for  the  use 
of  capital  letters : 

71.  Begin  with  a  capital — 
The  first  word  of  every  sentence. 

The  first  word  of  every  line  of  poetry. 

The  first  word  of  a  quotation,  maxim  or  question  in- 
troduced in  the  direct  form;  as,  Emerson  says  "Trust 
thyself." 

The  first  word  of  each  statement  in  a  series,  when 
formally  enumerated ;  as,  The  essay  will  be  marked  on 
the  following  things:  I.  Thought;  2.  Composition; 
3.  Conciseness;  4.  Neatness. 

72.  Also  begin  with  capitals  proper  nouns  or  words 
directly  derived  from  proper  nouns;  as,  Emerson,  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  Monroe  Doctrine. 

73.  Names  applied  to  Deity,  and  usually  pronouns 
referring  to  God;  as,  Jehovah— The  Eternal'  Goodness. 

74.  Names  of  months,  days  of  the  week  and  holi- 
days; as,  January,  Sunday. 

75.  Every  important  word  in  the  title  of  a  book, 
essay,  poem,  etc. ;  as,  The  Forest  Hymn. 

76.  The  name  of  an  important  event  in  history  or 
of  an  epoch  of  time;  as,  The  Rebellion;  The  War  of 
the  Roses. 

77.  Titles  of  office  or  honor  when  applied  to  par- 
ticular persons  or  used  in  connection  with  proper 
names;  as,  Lord  Byron,  Chief  Justice  Marshall,  Uncle 
John. 

78.  The  name  of  a  religious  sect  or  a  political 
party;  as,  Methodists,  The  Tories. 

79.  Common  nouns,  strongly  personified ;  as,  O 
Life !  how  pleasant  is  thy  morning. 

80.  Any  point  of  the  compass  when  it  denotes  a 
section  of  the  country;  as,  They  went  from  the  East 
to  the  South. 

The  words  /  and  O  should  always  be  capitals 

PART  II.     SYNTAX. 

Many  of  the  laws  of  Syntax  have  been  illustrated, 
but  a  more  general  treatment  will  now  follow. 

1.  A  sentence  is  a  thought  expressed  in  words,  and 
it  may  be  oral  or  written. 

2.  A  thought  may  be  expressed  as  a  statement,  a 
question,  a  command  or  an  exclamation. 

In  whatever  form  the  sentence  is  expressed,  it  must 
contain  a  subject  and  a  predicate;  yet  either  the  sub- 
ject or  the  predicate  may  be  understood. 

SIMPLE  SENTENCE. 

3.  A  simple  sentence  contains  but  one  subject  and 
one  predicate. 

4.  The  subject  of  a  sentence  is  the  word  or  words 
that  name  the  thing  about  which  an  assertion  is  made. 

5.  The  predicate  of  a  sentence  is  the  word  or  words 
that  assert  something  about  the  subject. 

6.  The  simple   sentence   may  have   for  its   subject 


ENGLISH   COMPOSITION. 


35 


simply  a  noun  or  an  equivalent,  and  for  its  predicate 
a  finite  verb. 

7.  Both  subject  and  predicate  of  a  simple  sentence 
may  be  modified  to  any  degree,  provided  that  no 
modifying  element  is  a  clause.  Thus :  Early  in  the 
morning  of  a  beautiful  spring  day  the  rising  sun,  break- 
ing through  the  dark  foliage,  fell  beautifully  upon  the 
green  lawn  sloping  gently  to  the  south. 

8.  The  modifying  elements  of  the  simple  sentence 
are  words  and  phrases. 

COMPLEX  SENTENCES. 

9.  The  complex  sentence  differs  from  the  simple 
sentence  in  that  it  has  one  or  more  clauses  used  as 
modifying  elements.  Thus:  When  the  spring  comes 
the  birds  sing.  The  birds  sing  is  the  principal  thought 
and  makes  complete  sense  when  standing  alone.  It, 
therefore,  is  the  principal  or  independent  clause. 

When  the  spring  comes  does  not  make  complete  sense 
when  standing  alone,  and  therefore  is  called  the  sub- 
ordinate clause. 

10.  A  complex  sentence  must  contain  a  principal 
clause  and  one  or  more  subordinate  clauses,  used  as 
modifying  elements  or  as  a  substantive. 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  CLAUSES. 

11.  The  adjective  clause  is  a  clause  used  like  an 
adjective.  The  following  sentences  compare  the  use  of 
adjective  clauses  to  the  use  of  adjectives. 

SIMPLE    SENTENCES    WITH    ADJECTIVES    OR    ADJECTIVE 
PHRASES. 

A  friend  in  need  is  a  friend  indeed. 

A  sleepy  dog  never  barks. 

An  honest  man  is  a  good  citizen. 

COMPLEX    SENTENCES    WITH    ADJECTIVE    CLAUSES. 

A  friend  who  helps  in  time  of  need  is  a  friend  indeed. 

The  dog  that  sleeps  never  barks. 

The  man  who  is  honest  is  a  good  citizen. 

Most  adjective  clauses  are  relative  clauses;  that  is, 
clauses  introduced  either  by  relative  pronouns  or  by 
relative  adverbs  of  place  or  time : 

The  squirrel  which  the  boy  had  tamed  escaped. 

The  dog  that  worried  the  cat  lived  in  Jack's  house. 

The  place  where  man  died  for  man  is  holy  ground. 

The  time  when  this  happens  will  be  a  day  of  sorrow. 

12.  The  noun  modified  by  a  clause  introduced  by  a 
relative  pronoun  is  always  the  antecedent  of  the  pro- 
noun. 

ADVERBIAL  CLAUSES. 

13.  The  following  sentences  will  illustrate  the  use 
of  the  adverb  or  adverbial  phrase  and  the  adverbial 
•clause. 

SIMPLE    SENTENCES     WITH     ADVERBS    OR    ADVERBIAL 
PHRASES. 

He  started  at  sunrise. 

In  his  boyhood  he  was  truthful. 

COMPLEX   SENTENCES   WITH   ADVERBIAL  CLAUSES. 

He  started  when  the  sun  had  risen. 
When  he  was  a  boy  he  was  truthful. 

14.  Subordinate  clauses  used  as  adverbial  modifiers 
■are  called  adverbial  clauses. 

15.  Adverbial  clauses  may  be  introduced  by  ad- 
verbs of  place,  time  or  manner;  as,  where,  whether, 
whence,  zvhile,  when,  after,  before,  how,  as,  until. 

16.  Adverbial  clauses  are  often  introduced  by  the 
subordinate  conjunctions  although,  because,  though,  if, 
that,  in  order  that,  so  that. 


17.  Adverbial  clauses  may  modify  verbs,  adjectives 
and  adverbs. 

NOUN  CLAUSES. 

18.  Subordinate  clauses  may  be  used  as  a  noun  or 
substantive. 

Compare  the  two  sentences : 

Success  is  certain. 

That  we  shall  succeed  is  certain. 

The  two  sentences  express  the  same  thing.  In  the 
first  sentence  the  noun  success  is  the  subject. 

In  the  second  the  clause  that  we  shall  succeed  is 
used  instead  of  the  noun  success.  This  clause  is  now 
the  subject  of  the  sentence. 

19.  The  following  sentences  will  illustrate  the  use 
of  the  noun  clause : 

How  he  succeeds  is  still  a  mystery.  (Noun  clause 
as  subject.) 

Tell  me  what  you  intend  to  do.  (Noun  clause  as 
object  of  the  verb  tell.) 

I  am  sincere  in  what  I  profess.  (Noun  clause  as 
object  of  the  preposition  in.) 

Dreams  are  not  what  they  seem.  (Noun  clause  as 
predicate  of  the  subject  dreams.) 

The  belief,  that  the  boy  was  dead,  prevailed.  (Noun 
clause  in  apposition  with  belief.) 

20.  There  are  three  kinds  of  clauses,  the  noun 
clause,  the  adjective  clause  and  the  adverbial  clause. 

21.  The  complex  sentence  always  contains  a  prin- 
cipal clause  and  one  or  more  subordinate  clauses. 

COMPOUND  SENTENCES. 

22.  The  compound  sentence  must  have  at  least  two 
principal  statements  which,  when  standing  alone,  would 
make  complete  simple  sentences.     Thus : 

The  wind  blew  and  the  rain  fell. 

Either  of  the  two  clauses,  The  wind  blew  or  the  rain 
fell,  would  make  complete  sense  when  standing  alone. 

23.  Such  clauses  are  called  coordinate  clauses  and 
are  connected  by  coordinate  conjunctions,  either  ex- 
pressed or  understood. 

24.  The  parts  of  compound  sentence-,  connected  by 
coordinate  conjunctions  are  called  members. 

25.  The  members  of  a  compound  sentence  may  be 
all  like  simple  sentences,  all  like  complex  sentences  or 
part  like  simple  and  part  like  complex  sentences.   Thus : 

We  are  born  into  life — it  is  sweet,  it  is  strange ! 
We  lie  on  the  knee  of  wild  mystery,   which  smiles 
with  a  change. 

26.  The  simple  grammatical  subject  of  a  sentence, 
either  simple,  complex  or  comoound,  is  a  noun  or  an 
equivalent,  unmodified.  As  subject  of  a  sentence  there 
are  several  equivalents  for  the  noun ;  as, 

The   car   has   arrived.     Car  is   a   noun. 
We  are  going.     We  is  a  pronoun. 
Some  are  honest.     Some  is  an  adjective. 
To  labor  is  worthy.     To  labor  is  an  infinitive  phrase. 
That  he  was  kind  is  admitted.     That  h  ■  was  kind  is 
a  clause. 

27.  To  parse  a  noun,  state  class,  person,  number, 
gender,   case   and    reason   for   case. 

28.  A  noun  or  pronoun  used  as  the  subject  of  a  finite 
verb  is  in  the  nominative  case. 

29.  In  parsing  an  adjective,  a  phrase  or  a  clause 
used  as  a  subject,  simply  state  that  it  is  used  as  a  noun 
and  is  the  subject. 

30.  The  subject  may  be  modified  in  various  ways;  as, 
The  wild  waves  beat  upon  the  shore.     (Adjective.) 
The  hum  of  bees  was  heard.     (Prepositional  phrase.) 


36 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


Henry's  father  came  home.     (Noun  in  the  possessive 
case.) 
My  ball  is  lost.     (Pronoun  in  possessive  case.) 
Longfellow,  the  author,  wrote  poems.    (Noun  in  appo- 
sition.) 

A  desire  to  know  brings  knowledge.  (Verb  in  the 
infinitive  mood.) 

Broken  are  the  ties  that  bound  us.     (Clause.) 
The  barking  dog  never  bites.     (Participle.) 

31.  All  words,  phrases  or  clauses  used  to  modify  the 
subject  of  a  sentence  have  the  force  of  adjectives. 

THE  PREDICATE. 

32.  The  verb  is  the  part  of  speech  used  in  making 
an  assertion,  and  so  must  be  contained  in  the  predicate 
of  a  sentence. 

33.  The  predicate  of  a  simple  sentence  may  be: 
A  verb ;  as,  The  bee  works. 

A  verb  and  its  complement ;  as,  The  boys  love  him. 

34.  The  complement  of  a  verb  is  that  which  com- 
pletes its  meaning. 

35.  Verbs  of  incomplete  predication  require  a  com- 
plement. 

36.  The  complement  of  a  transitive  verb  may  be : 

a.  The  man  may  reach  home.     Home  is  a  noun. 

b.  The  boys  love  him.     Him  is  a  pronoun. 

c.  He  loves  walking  on  the  green.  Walking  on  the 
green  is  a  phrase. 

d.  He  sees  where  you  have  gone.  Where  you  have 
gone  is  a  clause. 

37.  The  complement  of  an  intransitive  verb  may  be : 

a.  That  man  is  governor.    Governor  is  a  noun.  " 

b.  It   was  she.    She  is   a  pronoun. 

c.  The  crystal  spar  is  brilliant.  Brilliant  is  an  adjec- 
tive. 

d.  The  room  seems  to  gather  dampness.  To  gather 
dampness  is  a  phrase. 

e.  The  hat  seems  what  I  want.  What  I  want  is  a 
clause. 

f.  I  am  here.    Here  is  an  adverb. 

38.  The  predicate  of  a  sentence  may  be  modified  by : 
An  adverb;  The  rain  fell  slowly. 

An  adverbial  phrase;  The  rain  fell  on  the  roof.  He 
tried   to  win. 

A  clause ;  Walk  where  the  road  is  dry.  The  boy 
studies  that  he  may  succeed. 

39.  It  must  be  keot  in  mind  that  the  sentence  has 
two  distinct  parts:  The  subject  element  and  the  predi- 
cate element. 

40.  It  will  be  observed  that  the  modifiers  of  the 
subject  elements  are  of  the  nature  of  adjectives,  and 
are  called  adjective  elements;  while  those  of  the  predi- 
cate are  called  adverbial  elements. 

This  division  of  the  sentence  will  aid  in  under- 
standing complicated  sentences. 

THE  FORMS  OF  THE  SENTENCES. 

41.  The  declarative  sentence  is  the  most  direct  form 
of  statement.  It  declares  or  asserts  something  as  a 
fact ;  as, 

The  Lambs  play. 

The  happy  lambs  play  on  the  hill  side. 

When  the  lambs  play  on  the  hill  side  they  are  happy. 

The  lambs  play  on  the  hill  side,  and  the  sheep  feed 
in  the  vale  below. 

All  of  the  above  sentences  are  declarative,  because 
they  state  facts. 


INTERROGATIVE  SENTENCES. 

42.  The  modes  of  thought  are  not  always  for  telling,, 
declaring  or  asserting.  The  mode  may  be  for  question- 
ing, ordering  or  exclaiming. 

We  will  observe  that  the  following  sentences, 

Who  leads  his  class? 

Have  those  men  a  soul  ? 
do  not  assert,  but,  011  the  contrary,  they  make  inquiries ; 
they  are  questions. 

When  the-  mode  of  thought  makes  a  sentence  that 
asks  a  question  it  is  called  an  interrogative  sentence. 
A  sentence  that  asks  a  question  is  called  an  Inter- 
rogative Sentence. 

43.  The  simple  subject  of  the  interrogative  sen- 
tence often   follows   the   predicate   verb.     Thus, 

Is   Henry  your  son?     Henry  is  your  son. 
Know  you   the   law?     You   know  the   law. 
Observe   the  difference  in  the  order  when  the   sen- 
tences are  changed  to  the  declarative  form. 

44.  The  predicate  of  an  interrogative  sentence  is 
often  a  verb  phrase  commencing  with  do,  does,  did. 
In  this  case  the  subject  comes  between  the  two  parts 
of  the  verb  phrase.     Thus, 

Do  you  blame  the  child? 
Does  the  boy  go  to  school  ? 
Did  they  find  the  book? 

45.  Interrogative  sentences  often  begin  with  the  pro- 
nouns who,  whose,  whom,  which  and  what. 

Who  is  reading?       Which  one  is  gone? 

Whom  did  you  see?     What  pleases  you? 

Pronouns  thus  used  are  called  interrogative  pro- 
nouns. 

The  interrogative  sentence  may  be  simple,  complex 
or  compound.     Thus, 

Did  it  ever  seem  possible  that  we  should  meet  with 
poverty? 

Did  you  see  that  the  man  was  frightened,  and  that 
the  boy  was  not  ? 

IMPERATIVE  SENTENCES. 

46.  Each  of  the  following  groups  of  words  expresses 
a  command : 

Open  the  window.     Pass  the  apples  to  John,  please. 
We  observe  the   following  peculiarities   in  these   ex- 
pressions : 

1.  There  is  a  verb  in  each:  open,  pass. 

2.  No  subject  is  stated,  yet  the  speaker  must  have 
had  some  one  in  mind,  namely,  the  person  to  whom 
he  was  speaking. 

47.  The  subject  may  be  expressed  by  prefixing  to* 
the  verb  the  pronoun  you.     Thus : 

[You]  open  the  window.  [You]  pass  the  apples  to 
John,  please. 

These  expressions  are  peculiar  kinds  of  sentences, 
with  predicate  expressed  and  the  subject  you  under- 
stood. 

These  sentences  are  directly  addressed  to  someone, 
and  express  either  a  command  or  a  request. 

Such  sentences  are  called  imperative  sentences. 

An  Imperative  Sentence  expresses  a  command  or 
a  request.  The  subject  is  usually  omitted,  but  when 
expressed  it  is  either  thou  or  you. 

EXCLAMATORY  SENTENCES. 

48.  A  sentence  of  any  form  may  be  uttered  as  a 
kind  of  a  cry  expressing  some  strong  emotion.    Thus : 

He   lives!     What   do   you    say?     Stay   here! 

These  sentences  are  called  exclamatory  sentences,  yet 
they  are  of  different  kinds.  The  first  is  declarative; 
the  second,  interrogative ;  the  third,  imperative. 


ENGLISH   COMPOSITION. 


37 


_  Exclamations  are  expressed  in  the  following  pecu- 
liar sentences : 

What  a  smart  boy !     How  quickly  the  flower  fades ! 

While  these  sentences  do  exclaim,  they  are  essentially 
declarative  sentences. 

49.  Any  sentence  that  expresses  surprise,  grief, 
or  any  strong  emotion  in  the  form  of  an  exclama- 
tion may  be  called  an  exclamatory  sentence. 

50.  The  exclamation  is  denoted  by  the  exclama- 
tion point  (!)  terminating  the  sentence,  if  it  is  declara- 
tive or  imperative. 

FORM  OF  ANALYSIS. 

51.  In  analyzing  a  simple  sentence  the  following 
order  may  be  observed : 

(1)  Carefully  read  the  sentence;  (2)  divide  the 
sentence  into  the  complete  subject  and  the  complete 
predicate;  (3)  mention  the  simple  subject  and  the 
simple  predicate;  (4)  mention  and  describe  each  of 
the  modifiers  of  the  subject  and  of  the  predicate; 
(5)  mention  the  complementary  elements,  and  state 
whether  they  are  predicate  nominative,  predicate  ad- 
jective, or  object;  (6)  finally,  point  out  as  inde- 
pendent elements  all  the  interjections  and  vocatives. 

52.  In  analyzing  a  compound  sentence :  ( 1 )  divide 
the  sentence  into  its  clauses,  and  point  out  the  con- 
junctions that  connect  them;  (2)  analyze  each  clause 
as  if  it  were  a  simple  sentence. 

53.  In  analyzing  a  complex  sentence:  (1)  divide 
the  sentence  into  its  clauses;  (2)  point  out  the  principal 
clause  and  the  subordinate  clauses ;  (3)  analyze  the 
principal  clause,  mentioning  the  subordinate  clauses 
in  their  proper  places  as  modifiers  or  as  substantives ; 
(4)     analyze  the  subordinate  clause. 

54.  If  the  sentence  is  compound,  with  complex  mem- 
bers, analyze  each  complex  member  as  a  complex 
sentence. 

FORMS   OF  DISCOURSE. 

55.  Prose  and  poetry  are  the  two  general  divisions 
of  discourse. 

56.  Poetry  is  a  metrical  form  of  discourse,  of  which 
there  are  many  varieties.  The  divisions  of  discourse 
written  in  poetry  are  the  canto,  the  stanza,  the  verse, 
and  the  sentence. 

57.  The  forms  of  discourse  are  narration,  descrip- 
tion,  exposition,   argumentation  and  persuasion. 

58.  The  divisions  of  discourse  written  in  prose  are 
the    chapter,    the    paragraph    and    the    sentence. 

59.  The  sentence  in  poetry  is  the  same  as  it  is  in 
prose,  excepting  that  it  is  frequently  transposed  and 
is  usually  more  involved. 

"  60.  The  paragraph  is  a  division  in  prose  discourse 
next  longer  than  the  sentence.  It  corresponds  to  the 
stanza  in  poetry. 

61.  Every  long  discourse  is  divided  into  paragraphs. 

62.  A  paragraph  has  unity. 

A  paragraph  may  be  composed  of  one  or  several 
sentences. 

Usually  a  short  discourse  of  less  than  one  page  is 
written  in  one  paragraph. 

Style  in  Composition. — Every  one,  in  writing  or 
speaking,  makes  sentences,  but  these  sentences  may 
be  neat  or  they  may  be  clumsy — pleasant  to  hear  or 
read,  dull  and  heavy.  The  manner  in  which  we  put  our 
sentences  together  is  called  style.  That  style  may  be 
good  or  bad,  feeble  or  vigorous,  clear  or  obscure.  It 
is  by  study  of  style  that  we  are  enabled  to  give  clear, 
forcible  and  graceful  expression  to  our  thoughts.  Three 
important   elements   enter   into  good   composition: 


1.  Clear  thinking. 

2.  Reading  the  best  writers. 

3.  Frequent  practise  in  writing,  and  the  careful  cor- 
recting and  polishing  of  what  is  written. 

But  though  reading  and  practise  are  the  chief  means 
of  acquiring  a  good  style,  there  are  many  excellent  gen- 
eral and  special  directions  which  will  prove  helpful  to 
beginners.  We  submit  a  few  which  Professor  Meikel- 
john  has  prepared  and  used  in  his  work  on  the  English 
Language : — 

The  Subject. — "We  must  know  the  subject  fully 
about  which  we  are  going  to  write.  Draw  upon  a 
piece  of  paper  a  short  skeleton  of  what  you  are  going 
to  write  about.  But  such  an  outline  should  not  be 
allowed  to  fetter  the  writer,  if,  in  the  course  of  actual 
composition,  he  finds  any  reason  for  deviating  from  his 
original  plan.  Says  Cobbett,  'Sit  down  to  write  what 
you  have  thought,  and  not  to  think  what  you  shall 
write.'  " 

Pure  English. — "Do  not  use  obsolete  or  old-fashioned 
words,  such  as  erst,  peradvcnture,  holden,  vouchsafe, 
methinks,  etc.  Avoid  slang  expressions,  such  as 
awfully,  jolly,  dandy,  rot,  bosh,  smell  a  rat,  see  with 
half  an  eye,  etc.  Avoid  the  use  of  foreign  words  and 
phrase,  such  as  confrere,  raison-d'etre,  amour  propre, 
conge,  etc.  As  between  words  of  the  same  meaning 
of  Latin  and  Saxon  origin  always  choose  the  latter. 
Get  the  right  word  in  the  right  place.  'The  veracity 
of  the  statement  was  questioned.'  Here  veracity  is  not 
the  right  word,  as  it  applies  to  a  person.  The  right 
word  is  accuracy.  A  good  way  to  acquire  accurate 
English  is  to  make  a  collection  of  synonyms  and  care- 
fully compare  their  meanings.  A  Roman  writer  says, 
'Care  should  be  taken,  not  that  the  reader  may  under- 
stand if  he  will,  but  that  he  shall  understand  whether 
he  will  or  not.'  Simplicity  is  a  fine  art  in  composition. 
It  teaches  us  to  avoid  too  learned  words,  and  roundabout 
ways  of  mentioning  persons  and  things.  As  an  instance, 
vituperation  should  not  be  used  for  abuse;  nor  com- 
mence for  begin;  nor  initiate  for  commence.  'Swan  of 
Avon'  is  a  stale  and-  hackneyed  phrase  for  Shakespeare, 
and  the  'Great  Lexicographer,'  for  Dr.  Johnson.  Brevity 
enjoins  the  need  of  expressing  meaning  in  as  few  words 
as  possible.  Pope  says  : 
'Words  are  like  leaves,  and  where  they  most  abound, 

Much  fruit  of  sense  beneath  is  seldom  found.' 

And  Horace  says : 

'Seek  not  for  words ;  seek  only  for  clear  thought ; 

And  then  the  words  will  trooping  come  unsought.' " 

Special  Cautions. — "Avoid  tautology.  'It  was  founded 
on  the  entire  monopoly  of  the  whole  trade.'  In  this 
sentence  both  entire  and  whole  are  unnecessary,  for 
monopoly  means  entire  possession,  or  possession  of  the 
whole. 

"Place  the  adverb  as  near  the  word  it  modifies  as  you 
can.  'He  not  only  found  her  employed  but  pleased.' 
In  this  sentence  not  only  belongs  to  employed,  and 
should  be  placed  immediately  before  it. 

"Avoid  circumlocution.  'The  Queen,  on  reaching 
Perth,  partook  of  breakfast,'  should  be  writen,  'On 
reaching  Perth,  the  Queen  breakfasted.' 

"Use  of  such  words  of  exaggeration  as  unprecedented, 
most  extraordinary,  incalculable,  awfully,  stupendous, 
etc.,  should  be  avoided  unless  we  know  they  are  both 
true  and  appropriate.  Be  careful  about  the  right  posi- 
tion of  each  phrase  or  clause  in  your  sentence.  It  was 
neglect  of  this  caution  that  led  the  old  lady  to  write 
her  advertisement  as  follows:  'A  piano  for  sale  by  a 
lady  about  to  cross  the  Channel  in  an  oak  case  with 
carved  legs.' " 


PUNCTUATION   OF   ENGLISH. 


A  very  important  matter  in  the  making,  writing  and  printing  of  sentences  is  punctua- 
tion. By  this  is  meant  the  use  of  certain  signs  or  points,  now  generally  agreed  upon,  which 
serve  to  mark  off  the  different  parts  of  sentences,  and  to  show  the  relation  of  each  part  to 
the  entire  sentence.  Punctuation,  as  usually  understood,  is  performed  with  four  signs  or 
points:  the  period,  colon,  semicolon  and  comma.  But  many  other  points,  as  seen  below, 
are  used  in  writing  and  printing,  partly  rhetorical  and  partly  grammatical,  which  are  con- 
venient, and  with  whose  form  and  use  every  writer  and  printer  should  be  familiar.  It  was 
not  until  the  sixteenth  century  that  an  approach  was  made  to  the  present  form  of  punctua- 
tion by  the  Manutii  of  Venice.  With  the  famous  Caxton  printers,  oblique  strokes  took  the 
place  of  commas  and  periods.  While  now  the  form  of  punctuation  marks  are  quite  well 
agreed  upon,  their  force  in  actual  usage  remains  somewhat  defiant  of  rule;  but  the  following 
observations  are  based  on  a  pretty  generally  accepted  concensus. 


. — The  Period,  or  full  stop,  marks  the  close  of  a 
sentence;  as,  "This  is  the  period  of  my  ambition."  It 
is  also  used  to  mark  the  end  of  an  abbreviated  word ; 
as,  inst.  for  instant;  prox.  for  next;  Shak.  for  Shake- 
speare. 

: — Colon  means  limb  or  member.  It  is  the  point  or 
character  used  to  separate  parts  of  a  sentence  that  are 
complete  in  themselves  and  nearly  independent;  thus, 
it  serves  to  introduce  a  new  statement  that  may  be 
regarded  as  an  afterthought;  as,  "Study  to  acquire  a 
habit  of  accurate  expression:  no  study  is  more  im- 
portant." It  is  also  used  to  introduce  a  catalogue  of 
things ;  as,  "Then  follow  excellent  parables  about  fame : 
as  that  she  gathereth,"  etc.  Further,  it  introduces  a 
formal  speech ;  as,  Mr.  White  rose  and  said :  "Sir,  I 
am  sorry,"  etc.  It  often  takes  the  place  of  a  conjunc- 
tion.    It  is  gradually  falling  into  disuse. 

; — Semicolon  is  half  a  colon.  It  is  the  mark  em- 
ployed when,  for  reasons  of  sound  or  sense,  two  or 
more  simple  sentences  are  thrown  into  one;  or,  it  indi- 
cates a  separation  between  parts  or  members  of  a  sen- 
tence more  distinct  than  that  marked  by  a  comma;  as, 
"In  the  youth  of  a  state,  arms  do  flourish ;  in  the 
middle  age  of  a  state,  learning;  in  the  declining  age 
of  a  state,  mechanical  arts  and  merchandise." — Bacon. 

, — Comma  means  clause.  It  is  used  to  indicate  a 
strong  pause  either  of  sense  or  sound,  and  it  marks 
the  smallest  division  of  a  sentence,  written  or  printed. 
Besides  its  natural  function,  it  serves  several  special 
purposes : — 

(a)    It  may  be  used  in  place  of  and: — 

"We  first  endure,  then  pity,  then  embrace." 

(fc)    After  an  address: — "John,  come  here." 

(<r)  After  certain  introductory  adverbs;  as,  liow- 
ever,  at  length,  at  last,  etc. 

"He  came,  however,  in  time  to  catch  the  train." 

General  Rule. — Every  writer  should  bear  in  mind  that 
it  is  better  to  under-punctuate  than  to  over-punctuate. 
This  is  especially  so  when  it  comes  to  the  use  of  the 
comma.  The  old-fashioned  style  of  punctuating  the 
following  sentence  was :  "There  are  many  pauses, 
which  we  ought  to  make,  in  reading  a  sentence  aloud, 


that  are  not  really  strong  enough  to  warrant  a  comma." 
Such  a  profuse  use  of  commas  is  not  at  all  necessary. 
The  sentence  should  be  written  or  printed  thus :  "There 
are  many  pauses  which  we  ought  to  make  in  reading 
a  sentence  aloud  that  are  not  nearly  strong  enough  to 
warrant  a  comma." 

Dash  is  a  mark  or  line  in  punctuation  denoting 

a  sudden  break,  stop  or  transition  in  a  sentence,  or 
an  abrupt  change  in  its  construction,  a  long  or  signifi- 
cant pause,  or  an  unexpected  epigrammatic  turn  of  sen- 
timent. It  introduces  an  amplification  or  explanation ; 
and  two  dashes  are  now  commonly  employed  in  place 
of  the  old  parentheses : 

(a)  "During  the  voyage  a  storm  came  on — such  a 
storm  as  we  had  never  seen  before." 

(b)  "Ribbons,  buckles,  buttons — any  trifle  he  had 
worn — were  stored  as  priceless  treasures." 

? — Interrogation  is  inquiry,  the  act  of  questioning. 
The  interrogation  point,  mark  or  sign,  indicates  that 
the  sentence  with  which  it  is  connected  is  a  question. 
Its  place  is  at  the  end  of  the  question.  It  is  also  used 
to  express  a  doubt,  or  to  mark  a  query.  It  is  said  to 
have  been  formed  from  the  first  and  last  letters  of  the 
Latin  quaestio,  question,  placed  one  over  the  other; 
thus,  § 

! — Exclamation,  called  also  the  point  of  admiration, 
is  the  mark  or  sign  employed  to  denote  outcry,  em- 
phatic utterance,  expression  of  surprise  or  wonder.  It 
is  gradually  falling  into  disuse.  It  is  said  to  have  been 
formed  from  the  Latin  word  lo,  joy,  written  vertically; 
thus,  o 

(  ) — Parentheses  means  to  put  in  beside.  It  is 
applied  to  the  word,  phrase  or  sentence,  by  way  of 
comment  or  explanation,  inserted  in,  or  attached  to, 
a  sentence  which  would  be  grammatically  complete  with- 
out it.  It  is  usually  enclosed  in  curved  lines  (  ),  each 
of  which  is  a  parenthesis ;  both,  parentheses.  Dashes  are 
fast  taking  the  place  of  parentheses. 

[  ] — Brackets  or  Crotchets  are  characters  used  in 
writing  and  printing  to  inclose  a  reference,  explana- 
tion or  note,  or  a  part  to  be  excluded  from  a  sentence, 
to  indicate  an  interpolation,   rectify  a  mistake,   supply 


(38) 


PUNCTUATIOX  OF  ENGLISH. 


39 


an  omission,  and  for  other  kindred  purposes.    The  sign 
is  often  confused  with  that  of  the  parenthesis. 

' — Apostrophe  means  the  turning  away  or  omitting  of 
a  letter.  If  called  be  contracted  into  call'd,  or  never 
into  ne'er,  the  place  of  the  omitted  letter  is  supplied 
by  an  apostrophe,  or  apostrophic  comma.  It  is  also  a 
sign  of  the  possessive  case,  as  a  boy's  hat.  In  this  use 
it  originally  marked  the  omission  of  the  letter  e.  It 
finds  frequent  use  in  designating  the  plural  of  figures 
and  letters ;  as,  two  Cj's  and  four  d's.  Again,  it  is 
used  in  single  or  double  form  to  indicate  a  quotation. 

Hyphen   means   into   one,   or   together.     It   is   a 

short  dash  used  to  connect  the  parts  of  compound  words, 
as  in  clear-headed :  also  at  the  end  of  written  or  printed 
lines  when  part  of  a  word  is  carried  to  the  next  line ; 
again,  to  separate  the  syllables  of  words  used  in  spell- 
ing exercises ;  as,  cx'cel-lcnt. 
r  — Acute  accent.  Acute  means  sharp,  high,  shrill. 
Accent,  in  its  secondary  sense,  is  the  mark  or  character 
used  in  writing  which  serves  to  regulate  the  pronuncia- 
tion, as  ac'cent.  There  are  primary  and  secondary  ac- 
cents, as  in" ad-mis' sible.  Here  the  primary,  or  heaviest, 
accent  is  on  mis.  Accent  is  also  the  mark  used  to  in- 
dicate the  quality  of  sound  of  the  vowel  marked. 

-v  — Grave  accent.  Grave  or  low  accent  is  the  op- 
posite of  acute,  both  in  significance  and  direction  of 
slope.  It  implies  the  level  tone,  or  even  the  negation 
of  accent.  It  is  used  mostly  to  indicate  the  quality  of 
sound  of  the  vowel  marked. 

^ — Broad  or  circumflex  accent  marks  a  long  and 
contracted  syllable.  This  is  Latin  usage.  It  may  be 
marked  either  v  or  -~-  over  the  letter  or  syllable 
affected. 

~  or  "~"  — Circumflex  or  Tilde,  in  its  Greek  signifi- 
cance, indicated  a  tone  raised  and  then  lowered.  In 
Spanish,  when  placed  over  an  n  or  /  (  «7  )  it  indicates 
that  the  following  vowel  must  be  sounded  as  if  pre- 
ceded by  y. 

— — Long  accent,  or  Macron  (long)  is  the  short, 
straight,  horizontal  mark  placed  over  vowels  to  denote 
that  they  have  the  long  sound;  as,  dame,  seam,  pre, 
home,  miile. 

v  or  \j  — Short  accent  or  Breve.  A  curved  or 
angular  mark  commonly  used  to  indicate  the  short  qual- 
ity of  a  vowel — limber,  d/t,  striick. 

•• — Diaeresis,  placed  over  the  second  of  two  adjacent 
vowels,  shows  that  they  are  to  be  sounded  separately; 
as,  cooperate,  aerial. 

'  — Cedilla  means  the  letter  zeta  (Z)  in  Greek.  It 
was  formerly  written  after  the  letter  c  to  give  it  the 
sound  of  j.  Then  it  came  to  be  written  under  the  c 
(<;)  for  the  same  purpose,  but  it  soon  began  to  lose 
its  form  and  became  a  mere  arbitrary  sign,  retaining, 
however,  its  original  significance,  as  in  facade. 
^  — Caret  means  "there  is  something  wanting."  It 
is  a  mark  used  by  writers  and  proofreaders  to  indicate 
that  something  is  interlined  above,  or  is  inserted  in 
the  margin,  which  belongs  in  the  place  marked  by 
the  caret. 

"  " — Quotation  marks  consist  of  two  inverted  com- 


mas placed  at  the  beginning,  and  two  direct  commas 
at  the  end,  of  a  passage  quoted  from  an  author  in  his 
own  words.  Some  writers,  when  they  quote  an  author, 
but  not  in  exact  words,  use  but  one  comma  at  either 
end,  or  a  half  quotation. 

|     — Brace    means    arms    stretched    out.      It    is    the 

vertical  curved  line  used  to  signify  that  two  or  more 
words  or  lines  are  to  be  taken  together;  thus, 
bolt      1 
bowl    / 

*  *  *— Ellipsis  signifies  a  leaving  out,  defect,  omis- 
sion. Ellipsis  is  really  a  figure  in  syntax  implying  the 
omission  of  one  or  more  words  from  a  sentence,  which 
are  obviously  understood ;  thus,  the  virtue  I  admire, 
for,  the  virtue  which  I  admire.  Of  course  the  sign 
*  *  *  is  not  used  here,  but  it  comes  into  use  to 
signify  an  omission  of  an  unimportant  part  of  a  quota- 
tion. 

•  • — Leaders  serve  to  carry  the  eye  across  the  pages 
of  indexes,  tables,  contents,  etc. ;  thus, 

Needle-gun  invented  1856 

They  are  also  used  as  signs  of  ellipses. 

* — Asterisk  means  a  little  star.  It  is  used  in  print- 
ing or  writing  as  a  reference  to  a  passage  or  note  in 
the  margin  or  at  the  bottom  of  a  page,  and  also  to  sup- 
ply the  omission  of  letters  or  words.  It  is  the  first 
used  of  the  reference  marks. 

t — Dagger,  or  obelisk,  is  so  called  from  its  resem- 
blance to  a  dagger,  or,  inverted  obelisk.  It  is  a  mark 
of  reference  to  a  note  in  the  margin  or  at  the  bottom 
of  the  page,  and  is  the  second  mark  used  when  more 
than  one  are  used  on  a  page. 

t — Double  dagger  is  the  third  reference  mark  used 
when  there  are  more  than  two  used  on  a  page. 

§ — Section  mark  is  the  character  often  used  to  de- 
note a  division  of  a  writing  or  subdivision  of  a  chapter ; 
a  paragraph.  It  is  said  by  some  to  have  been  formed 
from  the  initial  letters  (ff)  of  the  Latin  words  signum 
sectionis,  meaning  sign  of  the  section ;  but  others  say 
it  is  a  modification  of  the  Greek  P,  initial  of  Paragra- 
phos,  paragraph. 

|| — Parallels.  This  character,  consisting  of  two  par- 
allel vertical  lines,  is  used  in  writing  and  printing  to 
call  attention  to  a  similarly  marked  note  in  the  margin 
or  at  the  foot  of  the  page. 

H — Paragraph  is  the  sign  which  notes  the  division 
of  a  writing  into  distinct  parts,  sections  or  subdivisions. 
The  writer  can  avoid  the  use  of  the  sign  by  beginning 
the  first  sentence  of  the  paragraph  on  a  new  line  and 
at  more  than  the  usual  distance  from  the  left-hand 
margin.  It  is  but  a  modification  of  the  Greek  P.  initial 
of  Paragraphos,  paragraph. 

**" — Index,  or  pointer,  is  the  sign  used  to  direct 
particular  attention  to  a  note  or  paragraph.  It  is 
sometimes  called  a  fist. 

*»*  or  »*» — Asterism  is  the  Greek  word  asterismos, 
a  cluster  of  stars.  Like  the  asterisk,  or  single  *,  it  is 
used  as  a  sign  to  direct  attention  to  a  passage,  espe- 
cially when  such  attention  is  deemed  very  particular. 


WRONG   USES   OF  WORDS  AND 
EXPRESSIONS. 


Abbreviate  is  often  used  in  the  place  of  abridge;  the 
former  has  the  sense  of  curtailing,  the  latter  of  con- 
densing. We  do  not  abbreviate  a  dictionary  or 
sermon,  but  abridge  it. 

Accept  of;  the  of  is  superfluous.  One  accepts  a  thing; 
not  accepts  of  a  thing. 

Acoustics,  like  many  other  scientific  terms,  is  of  plural 
form,  but  is  used  in  the  singular;  as,  acoustics  is 
the  science  which  treats  of  sound. 

Adjective  and  adverb.  When,  in  a  sentence,  the  wish 
is  to  express  a  quality  of  the  subject,  the  adjective 
should  be  used,  however  closely  it  may  be  situated  as 
to  the  verb;  on  the  contrary,  if  the  wish  is  to  express 
some  quality  of  the  action  of  the  verb,  the  adverb 
should  be  used. 

Admit,  admit  of.  The  first  (admit)  permits  one  to 
enter,  as  into  a  theatre;  the  second  (admit  of)  implies 
capability;  as,  "Both  Houses  declared  they  could 
admit  of  no  treaty  with  the  King." 

Advent  should  be  used  only  in  connection  with  some 
important  or  sacred  event,  as  "the  advent  of  Christ." 
We  do  not  say  advent  of  a  circus,  but  arrival  (com- 
ing) of. 

A  few,  few.  The  first  expression  is  correct,  for  few 
is  used  collectively,  like  a  hundred.  But  when  we 
say,  "A  few  soldiers  deserted,"  we  mean  some  ap- 
preciable number;  that  is,  a  number  larger  than  is 
meant  when  we  say,  "Few  soldiers  deserted." 

Aggravate  is  only  used  in  a  colloquial  sense  to  mean 
exasperate,  provoke,  irritate,  as  of  a  person.  Its 
proper  use. is  in  the  sense  of  to  make  worse  or  more 
severe,  as  of  a  disease  or  evil.  "To  aggravate  my 
woes."  "To  aggravate  the  disease."  "To  aggravate 
the  horrors  of  the  scene." 

Ain't  is  used  as  a  contraction  for  am  not,  are  not  and 
is  not,  but  only  in  colloquial  or  illiterate  speech. 
Neither  grammar  nor  elegance  supports  its  use. 

All  of.  The  of  is  superfluous.  "I  paid  all  my  debts;" 
not  all  of  my  debts.  "I  saw  all  the  sights ;"  not  all 
of  the  sights. 

Allow.  In  certain  localities  allow  is  warped  into  such 
uses  (all  inadmissible)  as,  "he  allowed  (thought)  he 
was  right;"  "he  allowed  (intended)  to  pay  it;"  "he 
allowed  (said)  you  were  wrong." 

Allude  means  to  refer  to  something  indirectly  or  by 
suggestion.  It  should,  therefore,  be  carefully  dis- 
tinguished from  the  meaning  implied  by  mention  or 
speak  of. 

Always,  ever.  The  former  is  preferable  in  prose,  the 
latter  in  poetry;  as,  "He  always  rides  a  black  horse." 
"He  shall  ever  love." 

Amid,  amidst.  These  words  mean  the  same  and  are 
used  indiscriminately,  the  latter  being  preferred  in 
poetry. 


Among  one  another  is  awkward  and  inexact.  "They 
fought  among  one  another"  should  read  "They  fought 
among  themselves,"  or  "with  each  other." 

Another  from.  "John  is  another  style  of  man  from 
James."     Here  from  should  be  than. 

Any  manner  of  means.  Omit  the  superfluous  central 
words,  and  say,  "Not  by  any  means." 

Are'nt  is  a  familiar  contraction  for  are  not,  when  the 
subject  immediately  follows;  as,  "are'nt  you  going?" 
"Are'nt  they  thirsty?" 

Article.  The  definite  article  should  be  placed  be- 
fore a  present  participle  used  as  a  noun;  as,  "The 
killing  of  John  was  murder."  It  should  precede  each 
of  two  subjects  connected  by  and,  when  said  sub- 
jects  represent   different   persons   or   things.     If   we 

.  say  "the  doctor  and  minister  called,"  the  meaning 
might  be  that  the  doctor  and  minister  were  the 
same  person.  If  we  say,  "the  doctor  and  the  minister 
called,  they  were  clearly  different  persons. 

At,  in.  When  a  simple  point,  as  of  arrival,  is  meant, 
use  at;  when  a  larger  sphere  is  meant  use  in;  when 
residence  is  implied  use  in.  "He  arrived  at  Washing- 
ton." "He  arrived  in  America."  "He  lives  in  Wash- 
ington." Beware  of  that  superfluous  use  of  at.  com- 
mon in  such  expressions  as,  "Where  am  I  at?" 
'Where  is  it  at?"  "Where  am  I?"  and  "Where  is 
it?"  are  enough. 

Avocation.  Distinguish  between  avocation  and  vo- 
cation. The  latter  is  one's  regular  pursuit  or  calling; 
the  former  is  that  which  calls  one  away  from  his 
regular  pursuit.  But  this  distinction  seems  to  be 
obliterated  when  the  words  are  used  in  the  plural. 

Awful,  awfully.  Slangy  and  inexcusable  expressions 
for  very  or  exceedingly. 

Aye.  Pronounce  it  as  /  when  you  mean  yea  or  yes; 
pronounce  it  as  A  when  you  mean  ever  or  always. 

Back.  Omit  back  in  returned  back.  Returned  is 
enough,  since  it  includes  back. 

Backward,  backwards.  Used  quite  indiscriminately; 
but  a  good  rule  to  adopt  would  be  to  use  backward 
as  an  adjective  and  backwards  as  an  adverb.  "A 
backward  girl ;"     "he  fell  backivards." 

Bad  should  keep  its  place  in  the  language  as  the  op- 
posite of  good ;  as  bad  health,  bad  crop.  Not  a  bad 
pain,  bad  wound,  but  a  severe  pain,  dangerous  wound. 

Badly  is  a  word  much  misapplied  when  used  intensely 
in  the  sense  of  very,  very  much  or  greatly.  "I  wish  to 
see  you  badly."  should  be  "I  wish  to  see  you  much,  or 
very  much." 

Banister  is  a  frequent  conversational  error  for  baluster 

or  balustrade. 
Be.  Do  not  forget   that  the  verb   to  be  calls   for  the 

same   case  after  it  as  before   it.     "It  is  me,"  "it   is 

him,"  "it  is  her,"  should  be  "it  is  I,"  "it  is  he,"  "it 

is  she." 


(40) 


WRONG  USES  OF  WORDS  AND  EXPRESSIONS. 


41 


Beastly.  Do  not  affect  the  distorted  English  use  of 
this  word,  as  in  "beastly  cold,"  "beastly  hot,"  "beastly 
sick,"  etc. 

Because  why.     The  why  is  sufficient. 

Beginner.  The  phrase  "A  new  beginner"  is  in  frequent 
use.  No  call  here  for  new.  It  is  implied  in  be- 
ginner. 

Beside,  besides.  Two  words  much  abused  in  usage.  "I 
sat  beside  him ;"  that  is,  by  the  side  of  him.  "There 
were  three  besides  him ;"  that  is,  in  addition  to  him. 

Better.  Wrongly  used  for  more;  as  in,  "It  is  better 
than  an  hour  since  I  saw  him." 

Big.  Much  abused  when  used  in  the  sense  of  great.  A 
big  man  may  not  be  great.  A  great  man  may  not  be 
big. 

Blame  on.  "I  do  not  lay  the  blame  upon  you ;"  or, 
"I  do  not  blame  you  for  your  faults."  On  would  not 
be  proper  in  either  of  the  foregoing  sentences. 

Both,  used  as  an  adjective  or  pronoun,  implies  two; 
but  as  a  conjunction  it  may  have  a  more  extended 
meaning;  as  in,  "The  flood  destroyed  all  his  stock — 
both  horses,  cattle  and  fowls." 

Bring,  carry.  Bring  means  to  convey  (fetch)  to  a 
place  where  the  speaker  is  or  is  to  be.  Carry  means 
to  convey  or  transport  in  any  manner  from  one  place 
to  another. 

By  should  be  carefully  distinguished  from  with,  the 
former  being  proper  before  an  agent  or  doer,  the 
latter  before  an  instrument  or  means.  "John  was 
struck  by  James."    "John  was  struck  with  a  brick." 

Calculate.  "I  calculate  to  go"  is  often,  but  wrongly, 
used  for  "I  intend  to  go."  It  is  similarly  misused  for 
think,  believe,  suppose. 

Caligraphy.  Don't  say  beautiful  or  fine  caligraphy, 
but  beautiful  or  fine  writing.  Caligraphy  means 
beautiful  or  fine  writing. 

Clergy.  A  collective  noun  improperly  used  when  in- 
dividuals are  meant.  "Four  clergymen  graced  the 
pulpit,"  not  four  clergy. 

Compare.  We  compare  one  thing  with  another  to  find 
the  points  of  agreement  or  difference.  We  compare 
one  thing  to  another  only  when  we  know  a  re- 
semblance exists. 

Completion.  The  expression  final  completion  is  often 
heard.     Omit  final,  for  it  is  implied  in  completion. 

Condign  means  deserved.  He  deserves  condign 
punishment"  should  be  "He  deserves  severe  punish- 
ment." 

Contemptibly.  Distinguish  carefully  between  con- 
temptibly and  contemptuously.  To  speak  contemptibly 
is  not  necessarily  to  speak  contemptuously. 

Corporal.  Distinguish  between  corporal  and  corporeal. 
Corporal  means  bodily  as  opposed  to  mental; 
corporeal   means   material  as   opposed   to  spiritual. 

Damage.  It  is  common  to  say  "What  is  the  damage?" 
when  "What  is  the  cost  or  expense?"  is  meant. 

Demean  signifies  to  behave  or  conduct  (oneself).  It 
should  not,  therefore,  be  used  for  degrade,  debase 
or  disgrace. 

Depositary.  Distinguish  between  depositary  and  de- 
pository. Depositary  is  the  person  with  whom  a  thing 
is   deposited ;   depository   is   the  place   where. 

Differ  from  is  preferable  to  differ  with  in  all  cases 
where  the  sense  is  "to  be  different  from." 

Directly.  "Directly  he  fell  he  cried."  Here  "directly" 
is  not  a  good  substitute  for  "as  soon  as." 

Discommode  is  fast  going  out  of  fashion,  and  is  being 
substituted  by  incommode. 


Disremember  is  no  longer  in  literary  use,  though  it 
still  persists  colloquially  in  certain  sections. 

Divers.  Distinguish  between  divers  and  diverse.  "Men 
of  divers  views"  means  men  of  sundry  or  various  views. 
"Men  of  diverse  views"  means  men  of  opposite  or 
conflicting  views. 

Don't.  A  common  colloquial  of  do  not.  It  should  be 
distinguished  from  the  contraction  of  does  not,  which 
is  doesn't. 

Each,  every.  Their  use  is  that  of  a  singular.  "Each 
man  is."  "Every  man  is." 

Effect.  Distinguish  it  from  affect.  Effect  is  to  actually 
bring  something  about.  Affect  is  simply  to  exercise 
an  influence  on. 

Elder,  eldest.  Are  properly  limited  to  persons,  and 
even  to  members  of  the  same  family.  Older  and 
oldest  may  be  said  of  either  persons  or  things. 

Elegant.  A  much-abused  word.  It  refers  to  some- 
thing exquisite  or  refined,  as  to  dress.  But  we  must 
not  say  "an  elegant  time,"  "an  elegant  tree,"  "an 
elegant  ride." 

Else  must  be  left  out  of  all  such  expressions  as  "There 
was  no  one  else  but  him." 

Emigrant.  Distinguish  between  emigrant  and  immi- 
grant both  in  meaning  and  spelling.  An  emigrant 
is  one  who  goes  out  from  a  country ;  an  immigrant 
is  one  who  comes  into  a  country. 

Enthuse.  A  common  expression,  little  removed  from 
a  vulgarism. 

Epithet.  This  adjectival  word  is  properly  applied  to 
any  person  or  thing;  as,  "a  just  man;"  "a  verdant 
lawn."  But  the  tendency  is  to  lower  it  irt  meaning 
by  applying  it  only  in  a  vilifying  or  traducent  sense. 

Equally  as.  Do  not  say  "equally  as  well,"  "equally  as 
good."     Leave  out  the  as. 

Equanimity.  Do  not  say  "equanimity  of  mind,"  but 
simply  equanimity,  because  the  word  is  composed  of 
two  Latin  words  which  mean  "evenness  of  mind." 

Exodus.  Not  to  be  used  in  the  sense  of  departure, 
unless  the  going  out  is  by  a  number  of  people,  as 
of  the  Israelites  from  Egypt. 

Expect.     Largely  misused  for  think,  believe,  suppose. 

Fault.  At  fault  is  said  of  one  who  blunders  or  mis- 
takes. In  fault  means  that  one  has  done  something 
blameworthy. 

Fetch.  If  one  says  "fetch  me  the  thing,"  he  means  "go 
and  bring  me  the  thing."  There  is  no  propriety  in 
the  expression  "go  and  fetch." 

First  two.  It  is  difficult  to  distinguish  between  the 
proper  use  of  first  two  and  tivo  first.  Take  the  group 
James,  John,  William,  Samuel,  Peter,  Giles.  In 
speaking  of  James  and  John  simply  as  the  heads  of 
the  group,  we  say,  "The  two  first  enlisted  in  the 
army."  But  in  speaking  of  James  and  John  in  com- 
parison or  connection  with  Peter  and  Giles,  the  last 
of  the  group,  we  say,  "The  first  tivo  enlisted  before 
the  last  ftvo." 

Firstly.  Don't  say  firstly,  secondly,  thirdly,  etc.,  but 
first,  secondly,   thirdly,   etc. 

Fix  is  a  fearfully  distorted  word,  and  with  seemingly 
little  help  for  it.  To  fix  the  furniture  or  the  books 
had  better  be  to  arrange,  etc.  To  fix  in  the  sense  of  to 
repair  is  in  general  use,  even  with  the  word  up,  as 
"to  fix  up."  But  fix  up,  that  is  to  dress;  or  fix  one, 
that  is  to  do  injury  to  one,  should  never  be  used. 

For,  to.  Are  redundant  in  such  expressions  as  "It 
costs  more  than  you  think  for."  "Where  are  you 
going  to?" 


42 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


From.  Distinguish  between  the  use  of  from  and  of. 
One  dies  of  a  disease,  but  from  the  effects  of  a  disease. 

Got  is  useless  in  such  expressions  as  "The  horse  has 
got  four  feet."  Has  is  sufficient.  But  when  a  thing 
is  actually  acquired  or  gotten,  then  got  becomes 
proper.    "He  has  got   (gotten,  caught)   the  horse." 

Have.    Improperly  inserted  in  such  sentences  as  "Had 

I  have  known  it."    Leave  it  out. 
Had  ought.     "Had  ought  to  know"  should  be  simply 

"ought  to   know."     The   verbs   have   and   ought   are 

never  properly  used  together. 
Hain't.    A  vulgar  contraction  for  have  not  and  haven't. 
Handy    is    properly    something    upon   which    the    hand 

can  readily  be  laid.     We  do  not   say  "The  store  is 

handy,  but  'near  by,'  'close  at  hand.' " 

He,  she,  her,  him.     See  be. 

How.  Wrongfully  used  for  what,  when  one  is  asked 
to  repeat  what  has  not  been  understood. 

However  should  not  be  used  for  but  or  notwithstand- 
ing. 

If.  Often  improperly  used  for  whether.  "Go  and  see 
if  John  is  sick,"  should  be  "Go  and  see  whether  John 
is  sick." 

Illy.  Ill  is  already  an  adverb  and  there  is  no  need  of 
the  final  v. 

In,  into.  Often  confusedly  used,  but  needlessly.  In 
implies  place,  position;  into,  direction,  destination. 
"The  stone  lies  in  the  water;  it  was  thrown  into  it." 

Index,  when  pluralized  as  to  mathematical  signs,  be- 
comes indices;  as  to  tables,  indexes. 

In  so  far  as.    So  far  as  is  all  that  is  required. 

Jewelry  must  not  be  said  of  individual  gems,  but  of 
gems  in  stock  or  store.  "She  wore  jewels."  "He  sells 
jewelry." 

Kinder  is  frequently  heard  as  a  vulgar  distortion  of 
kind  of. 

Kind  of  should  not  be  followed  by  a.  For,  "What 
kind  of  a  horse  is  it?"  say,  "What  kind  of  horse  is 
it?"  Kind  of  has  an  accepted  local  use  in  such  ex- 
pressions as,  "I  am  kind  of  sleepy,"  for  "I  am  some- 
what  (a  little)   sleepy." 

Kinsman  is  more  definite  than  relative,  relation  or 
connection,  when  the  one  spoken  of  is  of  the  same 
blood  as  the  speaker. 

Lady.  Not  "a  man  and  a  lady,"  but  "a  man  and  a 
woman."  Not  "a  man  and  his  lady,"  but  "a  man 
and  his  zvife." 

Lay,  lie.  Should  be  carefully  distinguished  in  all  their 
parts.  Lay — to  put  down — is  transitive ;  lie — to  rest — 
is  intransitive. 

Learn.  Often  confused  with  taught.  "The  teacher 
learned  many  scholars"  should  read,  "The  teacher 
taught  many  scholars."    The  scholars  did  the  learning. 

Lengthways  had  better  be  lengthwise.  So  of  sideways 
and  endways. 

Like.  Often  used  improperly  for  as.  "Do  as  I  do," 
not  "Do  like  I  do." 

Lots.  Often  faultily  used  for  a  great  many  or  much. 
"He  has  lots  of  money." 

Love,  like.  A  man  loves  what  appeals  to  his  affection, 
as  his  wife  or  child.  He  likes  what  pleases  his  taste, 
as  pie,  meat,  etc. 

Lovely.  Much  abused  as  applied  indiscriminately 
to  every  agreeable  object.  It  should  be  only  in  con- 
nection with  things  which  stir  the  affections. 


Merely.  Do  not  use  merely  when  simply  is  meant. 
"I  was  there  merely  (only)  as  a  visitor."  "It  was 
simply  impossible  to  do  it." 

Middling  makes  a  weak  and  absurd  adverb.  Better 
use  tolerably  or  fairly. 

Mighty  is  often  substituted  for  the  milder  word  very, 
but  .not  always  with  discretion.  It  is  nonsense  to 
say  "mighty  weak,"  "mighty  small." 

Need.  The  infinitive  sign  to  is  not  required  after 
need.  "He  need  not  to  go,"  should  be  "He  need  not 
go." 

Neither  requires  its  correlative  nor,  just  as  either  re- 
quires or.    "Neither  John  nor  James  came." 

Nice  is  overworked  when  used  to  express  promiscuous 
quality.  Avoid  such  expressions  as  "nice  tree,"  "nice 
time,"  "nice  rain,"  etc. 

No  how  is  a  vulgar  substitute  for  "in  no  way"  or  "by 
no  means." 

None,  composed  of  no  and  one,  has  been  treated  as  a 
singular,  but  its  use  as  a  plural  is  quite  proper. 

Nor,  or.  "He  has  no  gold  or  silver."  Here  gold  and 
silver  are  equivalents;  that  is,  they  are  money.  "He 
has  no  land  nor  niorals."  Here  land  and  morals  are 
not  equivalents,  and  nor  becomes  proper. 

Nothing  like.  Often  mistakingly  used  for  not  nearly. 
"He  was  nothing  like  as  tall  as  his  brother,"  should 
be  "He  was  not  nearly  as  tall  as  his  brother." 

No  use  requires  the  preposition  of  before  it.  "It  was 
no  use  to  talk,"  should  be  "It  was  of  no  use  to  talk." 

O,  oh.  O  expresses  appeal  or  desire ;  as,  O  Lord ! 
O  for  a  rest !  Oh  is  simply  an  exclamation  or  ex- 
pression of  surprise ;  as,  "Oh,  the  house  is  on  fire !" 

Of.  "The  love  of  God"  leaves  the  exact  meaning  in 
doubt.  Better  make  it  clear  by  some  other  form  of 
expression. 

Of  any.  For  "finest  of  any,"  say  "finest  of  all,"  or 
"finer  than  any  other." 

Of,  off.  Distinguish  between  of  and  off.  One  is  a 
preposition,  the  other  an  adverb. 

Only.  It  is  impossible  to  picture  the  shades  of  mean- 
ings imparted  by  the  use  of  only.  The  rule  is  to 
put  it  as  near  to  the  word  you  wish  it  to  affect  as 
possible. 

Onto,  as  a  single  word,  is  rapidly  taking  the  place  of 
on  to,  its  separate  parts,  just  as  into  long  since  took 
the  place  of  in  to. 

People  should  be  used  only  when  a  large  number  of 
persons  is  meant;  as,  "A  crowd  of  people;"  "Only 
three'  persons    (not  people)    came  to  tea." 

Per  day.  "John  worked  for  so  much  per  day,  per 
month,  per  year."    Substitute  a  for  per. 

Phenomenon.  Distinguish  carefully  between  phenom- 
enon and  its  plural,  phenomena. 

Place  is  often  wrongfully  made  to  do  the  work  of 
where.  "I  can't  find  it  any  place"  should  be  "I  can't 
find  it  anywhere." 

Post.  "He  is  well  posted"  is  by  no  means  as  desirable 
as  "He  is  well  informed." 

Preventative  is  not  a  good  English  word,  yet  it  is 
frequently  used  for  preventive,  which  is  the  real  word. 

Previous.  "The  previous  year,"  but  "previously  to." 
Distinguish  between  the  adjective  and  adverb. 

Programme.    Program  is  now  the  proper  spelling. 

Proposal.  Distinguish  carefully  between  proposal  and 
proposition.  "He  rejected  the  proposal."  "He  demon- 
strated the  proposition." 


WRONG  USES  OF   WORDS   AND   EXPRESSIONS. 


43 


Propose.  Often  used  incorrectly  for  intend  or  purpose. 

"I  propose  to  go,"  should  be  "I  intend  (purpose)  to 

go." 
Providing.     Often  mistakingly  used   for  provided.     "I 

will  go  provided   (not  providing)   I  am  well." 

Quickly.  Often  used  when  soon  is  intended.  To  do 
a  thing  quickly  is  to  do  it  with  speed.  To  do  a  thing 
soon  is  to  begin  it  without  delay. 

Raise.  Distinguish  between  raise  and  rise.  The  former 
is  transitive  and  requires  an  object,  the  latter  is  in- 
transitive and  requires  no  object.  "I  rise  early."  "I 
raise  my  head."  Do  not  use  raise  in  the  sense  of 
rear,  as  of  children. 

Rather.     Say  rather  warm,  not  rather  warmish.   Rather 

is  superfluous  before  adjectives  ending  in  isli. 
Reside.    "Where  does  he  live?"     is  better  than  "Where 

does  he  reside?"     To  reside   implies   a   residence  of 

some   permanence  or-  pretensions,   but   one  may   live 

anywhere. 
Reverend.      Use    The    before    Reverend.      As,    "The 

Reverend  (or  Rev.)  Mr.  Buckley." 
Saw,  seen.     "I  seen  him  yesterday,"  should  be  "I  saw 

him  yesterday."     Saw  is  the  past  tense  of  sec;  seen 

is  the  past  participle. 
Says   I.  Frequently  but   improperly  used   for  said  I. 
Scarcely.      Distinguish    between    scarcely    and    hardly. 

"He  can  hardly  see."    "It  is  scarcely  an  hour  since  I 

saw  him." 
Seldom  or  ever  is  an  erroneous  use  of  seldom  if  ever, 

or  seldom  or  never. 
Shall,   will.      Distinguish    between   shall   and   will.     In 

the  forms  "I  shall  go,"  "thou  wilt  go,"  "he  ivill  go," 

futurity  is  implied.     In  the  forms  "I  will  go,"  "thou 

shall  go,"  "he  shall  go,"  determination  is   implied. 
Sight.    Improperly  used  for  a  great  number  or  quantity. 

"A  great  number    (not  a  sight)   of  people."     "Much 

(not  a  sight  of)   gold." 
Since,  ago.    "Not  long  since"  implies  a  time  but  lately 

past.    "Not  long  ago"  implies  past  time  in  general. 


Some.     Often   wrongly   used   for  somewhat,  as   in   "I 

am  some  tired." 
Splendid.    Its  use  should  be  limited  to  things  implying 

splendor.     It  is  out    of  place  in  "A  splendid  dinner," 

"A  splendid  rock,"  etc. 
Stop.     Often  improperly  used  for  stay.     "I  shall     stop 

at  Lancaster."    "How  long  will  you  stay  (not  stop)  ?" 
Such  another.    Wrongly  used  for  another  such. 
Sure.    Often  wrongly  used  for  its  adverb  surely;  as  in 

"He's  going  sure,"   for   "He's  surely   going." 
Take  up.     Do  not  say,  "When  does  school  take  up?" 

but  "When  does  school  begin?" 
That.     Distinguish  between  who  and  that.     Who  refers 

only  to  persons,  as  "The  man  who."     That  refers  to 

both  persons  and   things,   as   "The  man   that,"   "The 

house  that." 
Transpire.  Is   a   common   but   faulty   use  of  occur  or 

happen. 
Unbeknown.     Unknown  is  the  proper  word  to  use. 
Upon.    Often  used  for  on.   "He  called  upon  me"  should 

be  "He  called  on  me." 
Venal.      Distinguish   between   venal   and    venial.     The 

former  means  corrupt,  mercenary.     The  latter  implies 

something  that   may  be   overlooked   or  pardoned,   as 

"A  venial  fault." 

Ways.     "It  is  a  long  ways  home,"  should  be  "It  is  a 

long  way  home." 
Went.     Often  mistakingly  used  for  gone,  in  connection 

with  have.     "I  have  went  there,"  instead  of  "I  have 

gone  there." 

Where.  Never  end  a  sentence  beginning  with  where 
with  the  preposition  to  or  at.  It  is  wrong  to  say 
"Where  has  he  gone  to?"  for  "Where  has  he  gone?" 
or,  "Where  was  I  at?"  for  "Where  was  I  ?" 

Who.  Often  but  improperly  used  for  whom,  as  "Who 
do  you  wish?"  for  "Whom  do  you  wish." 

You  and  I.  "You  and  /  will  take  a  walk"  is  correct; 
but  "This  will  not  do  for  you  and  I,"  should  be  "This 
will  not  do  for  you  and  me." 


WORD  ABBREVIATIONS. 


In  a  rapid  age  the  custom  grows  to  cut  short,  or  abbreviate,  words  both  in  writing  and 
printing.  The  custom  is  often  abused  by  sheer  arbitrariness.  Some  words  are  abbreviated  dif- 
ferently according  to  locality,  others  according  to  taste  or,  even,  haste.  The  following  list 
embraces  those  abbreviations  and  contractions  of  words  about  which  there  is  pretty  general 
agreement  as  to  form. 


A.      America;    American;    Adjective;    Acre;    Acting; 

Answer;  Afternoon;  Alto. 
A.  A.    Associate  of  Arts. 
A.   A.  A.   S.     American  Association  for  Advancement 

of  Science. 
A.  A.  G.     Assistant  Adjutant-General. 
A.  A.  P.  S.     American  Association  for  the  Promotion 

of  Science. 
A.  A.  S.  S.     Member    of    the    American    Antiquarian 

Society. 
A.  B.    Able-bodied  seaman ;  Bachelor  of  Arts. 
Abbr.     Abbreviation. 
A.  B.  C.  F.  M.     American    Board    of    Commissioners 

for  Foreign  Missions. 
Abl.     Ablative. 
Abp.     Archbishop. 
Abr.    Abridged ;  Abridgment. 
A.  B.  S.     American  Bible  Society. 
A.  C.    Archchancellor;  Ante  Christum,  before  Christ. 
Acad.    Academy. 
Ace.     Accusative ;  Account. 
Acct.     Account. 

A.  C.  S.     American  Colonization  Society. 
Ad.  or  adv.    Adverb. 

A.  D.    Anno  Domini,  In  the  year  of  our  Lord. 
A.  D.  C.     Aide-de-camp. 
Adj.     Adjective. 
Adjt.-Gen.     Adjutant-General. 
Ad  lib.    Ad  libitum,  at  pleasure. 
Adm.    Admiral ;  Admiralty. 
Adm.  Co.    Admiralty  Court. 
Admr.    Administrator. 
Admx.     Administratrix. 
Ad  v.  or  val.     At  the  value  of. 
Adv.     Adverb. 
Advt.     Advertisement. 
Mt.    Aetatis,  of  age. 

A.  F.  B.  S.    American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society. 
Afr.    Africa. 
A.  G.    Adjutant-General. 
Ag.     Argentum,  silver. 
Agr.     Agriculture. 
A.  G.  S.  S.     American     Geographical     and     Statistical 

Society. 
Agt.    Agent. 

A  H.    Anno  Hegirae,  year  of  the  Hegira. 
A.  H.  M.  S.     American  Home  Missionary  Society. 
Al.    Aluminium. 
Ala.     Alabama. 
Alas.     Alaska. 
Alb.     Albany. 
Albn.     Albanian. 
Aid.     Alderman. 


Alex.     Alexander. 

Alf.     Alfred. 

Alg.     Algebra. 

Alt.     Altitude. 

Am.     Amos;  America;  American. 

A.  M.    Anno  Mundi,  year  of  the  world; 

Ante  Meridiem,  before  noon ; 

Artium  Magister.  Master  of  Arts ; 

Ave  Maria,  Hail  Mary. 
A.  M.  A.     American  Missionary  Association. 
Am.  Asn.  Adv.  Sci.    American  Association  for  the  Ad- 
vancement of  Science. 
Amb.     Ambassador. 
Amer.     America ;  American. 
A.  M.  G     Assistant    Major-General. 
A.  M.  M.     Amalgamation. 
Amt.    Amount. 
An.,  Ans.     Answer. 
Anal.     Analysis. 
Anat.     Anatomy. 
Anc.     Ancient. 
And.     Andrew. 
Ang.  Sax.     Anglo-Saxon. 
Anon.    Anonymous. 
Ans.     Answer. 
Ant.  or  Antiq.    Antiquities. 
Anth.     Anthony. 
Anthrop.     Anthropology. 
Aor.     Aorist. 

A.  O.  S.  S.    Member  of  American  Oriental  Society. 
Ap.     Apostle. 
Apo.     Apogee. 

Apoc.    Apocalypse;  Apocraphy. 
App.    Appendix. 
Apr.     April. 
Aq.     Aqua,  water 

A.  Q.  M.  G.     Assistant  Quartermaster-General. 
A.  R.    Anno  Regni,  year  of  the  reign. 
Ar.    Arrive ;  Arabic ;  argentum,  silver. 
Arab.     Arabic. 
Arch.     Architecture. 
Archd.     Archdeacon. 
Arith.     Arithmetic. 
Ariz.     Arizona. 
Ark.    Arkansas. 
Arm.     Armenian,  Armoric. 
A.  R.  R.     Anno  Regni  Regis,  in  the  year  of  the  king's 

reign. 
A.  R.  S.  A.    Associate  of  the  Royal  Scottish  Academy 
A.  R.  S.  S.    Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Antiquaries. 
Art.    Article. 
A.  S.     Anglo-Saxon. 
A.  S.  A.     American  Statistical  Association. 


(44) 


WORD  ABBREVIATIONS. 


45 


Assn.    Association. 
Asst.    Assistant. 

A.  S.  S.  U.    American  Sunday  School  Union. 
Assyr.     Assyria. 
Astrol.     Astrology. 
Astron.     Astronomy. 

A.  T.  S.     American  Tract,  or  Temperance,  Society. 
Atty.     Attorney. 
Atty.  Gen.     Attorney-General. 
Au.    Auram,  gold. 

A.  U.  A.     American  Unitarian  Association. 
A.  U.  C.    Anno  Urbis  Conditae,  in  the  year  of  the  build- 
ing of  the  City — Rome. 
Aug.    August. 
Aus.     Austria. 
A.  V.    Authorized  Version. 
Av.    Avenue ;  Average.  . 

Avoir.     Avoirdupois. 

A.  Y.  M.    Ancient  York  Masons. 

B.  Bass ;  Bay ;  Book ;  Born ;  Baron ;  Boron ;  British. 
Ba.     Barium. 

B.  A.     Bachelor  of  Arts. 

Bal.    Balance. 

Bait.     Baltimore. 

Bapt.     Baptist. 

Bar.    Barrel ;  Barometer. 

Barb.     Barbadoes. 

Bart.     Baronet. 

Bbl.     Barrel. 

B.  C.     Before  Christ. 

B.  C.  L.     Bachelor  of  Civil  Law. 

B.  D.     Bachelor  of  Divinity. 

Bd.    Bound. 

Bdls.     Bundles. 

Bds.     Boards ;  Bonds. 

Belg.     Belgium. 

Benj.     Benjamin. 

B.  I.     British  India. 

Bi.     Bismuth. 

Bib.     Bible;  Biblical. 

Bibliog.     Bibliography. 

Biog.     Biography;  Biographical. 

Biol.     Biology. 

Bk.     Bank;  Book;  Bark. 

B.  L  or  B.  LL.    Bachelor  of  Laws. 

Bis.     Bales. 

B.  M.    Bachelor  of  Medicine. 

B.  O.     Buyer's  Option. 

Bor.     Borough ;   Boron. 

Bot.     Botany. 

Bp.     Bishop. 

Br.    Brig;  Brother;  Bromine. 

Braz.     Brazil ;  Brazilian. 

Brig.     Brigade;  Brigadier. 

Brig.  Gen.     Brigadier-General. 

Brit.     Britain;  British. 

Bro.     Brother. 

Bros.     Brothers. 

B.  S.    Bachelor  of  Surgery. 

B.  Sc.     Bachelor  of  Science. 

Bt.     Baronet. 

Bus.  or  Bush.    Bushel. 

B.  V.    Bene  vale,  farewell ;  Beata  Virgo,  Blessed  Virgin. 
Bx.,  Bxs.    Box,  Boxes. 

C.  Carbon  ;  Cent ;  a  hundred  ;  Church,  Caesar,  Consul, 
Chapter ;  Cubic. 

C.  A.     Chief,  or  Chartered,  Accountant ;  Commissioner 

of  Accounts. 
Ca.     Circa,  about ;  Calcium. 
Cal.     California  ;  Calendar  ;  Calends. 
Can.     Canada ;  Canon. 


Cant.    Canticles. 

Cantab.     Of  Cambridge. 

Cap.     Capital ;  Chapter. 

Capt.     Captain. 

Car.     Caret ;  Carpenter ;  Carpentry. 

Card.     Cardinal. 

Cash.     Cashier. 

Cat.  or  Cata.     Catalogue. 

Cath.     Catholic;  Cathedral. 

C.  B.  Cape  Breton;  Companion  of  the  Bath;  Common 
Bench. 

C.  C.  County  Commissioner ;  County  Court ;  Cains  Col- 
lege ;  Account  Current ;  Cubic  Centimeter ;  Circum. 

C.  C.  A.     Chief  Clerk  of  Admiralty. 

C.  C.  C.     Corpus  Christi  College. 

C.  C.  P.    'Court  of  Common  Pleas. 

Cd.     Cadmium. 

C.  D.  V.     Carte  de  Visite. 

C.  E.    Civil  Engineer;  Canada  East. 

Ce.     Cerium. 

Celt.    Celtic. 

Cent.     Centum,  a  hundred;  Centigrade. 

Cf.     Confer;  Compare. 

C.  G.  Commissary-General ;  Consul  General ;  Coast 
Guard. 

C.  G.  H.    Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

C.  H.     Court  House. 

Ch.     Church ;  Chapter ;  Charles. 

Chal.     Chaldron. 

Chald.     Chaldea ;  Chaldaic. 

Chanc.    Chancellor. 

Chap.     Chapter. 

Chas.     Charles. 

Chem.     Chemical;  Chemistry. 

Chi.  or  Chin.    China ;  Chinese. 

Chr.    Christ;  Christian;  Christopher. 

Chron.     Chronology;  Chronicles. 

Cic.     Cicero. 

Cin.     Cincinnati. 

Cit.     Citation ;  Citizen. 

C.  J.     Chief  Justice. 

CI.     Chlorine;  Clerk. 

Cld.     Cleared. 

Clk.     Clerk. 

C.  M.    Common  Meter ;  Master  in  Surgery. 

C.  M.  S.     Church  Missionary  Society. 

C.  O.     Colonial  Office ;  Crown  Office ;  Criminal  Office. 

Co.     Cobalt;  Company;  County. 

Coch.  or  Cochl.     Cochleare,  spoonful. 

C.  O.  D.     Collect  on  Delivery. 

Col.     Colonel ;  Colorado ;  Colossians ;  Colony ;  Column 

Coll.    College ;  Collector ;  Colloquial ;  Collection. 

Com.  Commodore ;  Committee ;  Commerce ;  Commis- 
sioner ;  Commander ;  Commentary. 

Comp.     Compare ;  Comparative ;  Compound. 

Com.  Ver.     Common  Version. 

Con.    Contra,  against ;  in  opposition. 

Conch.     Conchology. 

Cong.     Congress;  Congregation. 

Conj.     Conjunction. 

Conn,  or  Ct.     Connecticut. 

Const.    Constable ;  Constitution. 

Contr.     Contraction. 

Copt.     Coptic. 

Cor.     Corinthians. 

Cor.  Mem.     Corresponding  Member. 

Cor.  Sec.    Corresponding  Secretary. 

Corol.     Corollary. 

Cos.     Cosine. 

Coss.     Consuls. 

C.  P.    Common  Pleas;  Court  of  Probate. 

C.  P.  M.    Common  Particular  Meter. 

C.  P.  S.    Keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal. 


(6 


OUR  EXGLISII  SPEECH. 


Cr.     Chromium;  Creditor;  Credit. 

C.  R.    Custodian  of  the  Rolls. 

Crim.  Con.     Criminal  Connection. 

Cs.    Cases;  Caesium. 

C.  S.     Court  of  Sessions ;  Custodian  of  the  Seal 

C.  S.  A.     Confederate  States  of  America. 

C.  S.  N.     Confederate  States  Navy. 

Ct.    Connecticut;  Court. 

C.  T.     Certified  Teacher. 
Cts.     Cents. 

Cu.    Cuprum,  copper. 
Cur.     Currency,  current. 
Cwt.     Hundredweight. 
Cyc.  or  Cyclo.     Cyclopedia. 

D-  Denarius,  pence,  penny;  Dica ;  Five-hundred 
David;  Day;  Duke;  Dutch;  Died;  Dime;  Daughter 
Deputy;  Degree. 

D.  A.  G.     Deputy  Adjutant-General. 
Dak.     Dakota. 

Dan.     Daniel;  Danish. 

Dat.     Dative. 

D.  C.     De  Capo,  again ;  District  of  Columbia. 

D.  C.  L.     Doctor  of  Civil  Law,  or  Canon  Law. 

D.  C.  S.    Deputy  Clerk  of  Sessions. 

D.  D.     Doctor  of  Divinity. 

D.  D.  S.     Doctor  of  Dental  Surgery. 

Dea.    Deacon. 

Dec.    December;  Declination;  Declension 

Def.     Definition. 

Deft.    Defendant. 

Deg.     Degree. 

Del.    Delaware. 

Dem.     Democrat. 

Den.    Denmark. 

Dep.     Deputy. 

Dept.     Department;  Deponent. 

Deut.     Deuteronomy. 

D   F.    Defender  of"the"Faith;  Dean  of  the  Faculty 

Dft.     Defendant. 

D.  G     Dei  Gratia,  by  grace  of  God ;  Deo  Gratia,  thanks 
to  God. 

D.  H.     Deadhead. 

Diam.    Diameter. 

Diet.     Dictionary;  Dictator. 

Dim.     Diminutive. 

Disc.    Discount. 

Dist.     District. 

Dist.  Atty.     District  Attorney. 

Div.    Division;  Dividend;  Divisor 

D.  L.  O.     Dead  Letter  Office. 

Do.     Ditto,  the  same. 

Doc.    Document. 

Dol,  Dols.    Dollar;  Dollars. 

D.  O.  M.     Deo  Optimo  maximo,  to  God,  the  best    the 

greatest.  ' 

Dor.     Doric. 
Doz.    Dozen. 

D.  P.    Doctor  of  Philosophy. 
D.  P.  O.    Distributing  Post-Office. 
Dpt.     Department. 
Dr.     Debtor;  Doctor;  Drams. 
D.  S.    Dal  Segno,  from  the  sign. 
D.  Sc.    Doctor  of  Science. 

£■  £•  S-     He  died  without  issue,  decessit  sine  prole. 
D.    1.     Doctor  of  Theology 
Dub.     Dublin. 
Duo.     Duodecimo. 

D.  V.    Deo  volente,  God  being  willing. 
Uwt     Pennyweight. 
Dyn.    Dynamics. 

F.     East;  English;  Eagle. 
Eben.    Ebenezer. 


Eccl.     Ecclesiastes. 

Ecclus.     Ecclesiasticus. 

E.  D.     Eastern  District. 

Ed.     Editor;  Edition;  Edinburgh 

Edin.     Edinburgh. 

Edm.     Edmund. 

Edw.     Edward. 

E.  E.     Errors  Excepted. 

E.  E.  D    S.     Early  English  Dialect  Society. 

fc.  U     Exempli  gratia,  for  example. 

£..  L    East  India  or  Indies. 

E   I.  Cor  Co.     East  India  Company. 

Elec.     Electric;  Electricity. 

Eliz.     Elizabeth. 

E.  Lon.     East  Longitude. 

E.  M.     Mining  Engineer. 

Emp.     Emperor;  Empress. 

Ency.     Encyclopedia. 

E.  N.  E.     East-North-East. 

Eng.     England;  English;  Engraving 

Ent.,  Entom.     Entomology. 

Env.  Ext.     Envoy  Extraordinary. 

Ep.     Epistle. 

Eph.     Ephraim ;  Ephesians. 

Epiph.     Epiphany. 

Epis.     Episcopal. 

Er.     Erbium. 

Esd.     Esdras. 

E.  S.  E.     East-South-East. 

Esq.     Esquire. 

Esth.     Esther. 

E   T.     English  Translation ;   Electric  Telegraph. 

Et  al.    Et  aln,  and  others. 

Etc.    Et  cetera,  and  others,  and  so  forth 

fcth.     Ethiopia;  Ethiopian. 

Et  Seq.     Et  sequcntia,  and  what  follows 

Etym.     Etymology. 

E.  U.     Evangelical  Union. 

Ex.     Exodus;  Example. 

Exc.     Excellency;  Exception. 

Exch.     Exchange;  Exchequer. 

Ex.  Doc.     Executive  Document. 

Exr.     Executor. 

Ez.     Ezra. 

Ezek.     Ezekiel. 

F.     Feminine;   French;    Franc;    Folio;    Friday;    Fluo- 
rine;  Fahrenheit ;   Florin;  Farthing;   Foot 
rahr.     Fahrenheit. 

F  A.  M.     Free  and  Accepted  Masons. 
£ar.     Farthing;  Farrier;  Farriery. 

^S' c  F?"ow  ,of.  the  Ant>quarian   Society;   Fellow 
of  the  Society  of  Arts. 

£•  §•  S^,    Fellow  of  the  Botanical  Society. 

F.  C.     Free  Church   (of  Scotland). 

rep.     Foolscap. 

F.  C.  S.    Fellow  of  the  Chemical  Society 

£.  D     Fidei  Defensor,  Defender  of  the  Faith 

re.     Ferritin,  iron. 

Feb.     February. 

Fee.    Fecit,  he  or  she  did  it. 

Fern.     Feminine. 

F'Socie'tv  FeI1°W  °f  tHe  EntomoIoSicaI>  Ethnographical, 

Ff.    The  Pandects. 

£  E'  &■    E?Ilow  of  tne  Faculty  of  Actuaries. 

£•  £•  Y-     Flrst  Families  of  Virginia. 

b.  U  S.     Fellow  of  the  Geological  Society. 

t:  "•  s-     Fellow  of  the  Horticultural  Society 

ti.  ra.     Fieri  facias,  cause  it  to  be  done 

£'•  a    r^r   Fellow  of  the  Institute  of  Actuaries. 

Fid.  Def.     Defender  of  the  Faith. 

Fig.     Figure. 


WORD  ABBREVIATIONS. 


47 


Fin.    Finland. 
Finn.     Finnish. 
Fir.     Firkin. 
Fla.     Florida. 

F.  L.  S.     Fellow  of  the  Linnaean  Society. 
F.  M.     Field  Marshal. 
F.  O.     Field  Officer. 
F.  O.  B.     Free  on  Board. 
Fol.     Folio. 
For.     Foreign. 
Fort.     Fortification. 
F.  P.     Fire  Plug. 

.F.  P.  S.     Fellow  of  the  Philological  Society. 
Fr.     France ;  French ;  Fragment ;  Francis ;  From. 
F.  R.  A.  S.    Fellow  of  the  Royal  Astronomical,  Asiatic, 

Society. 
F.  R.  C.  P.    Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians. 
F.  R.  C.  S.     Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons. 
Fred.    Frederick. 

F.  R.  G.  S.    Fellow  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society. 
Fri.     Friday. 

F.  R.  S.    Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society. 
Frs.     Frisian. 

F.  S.  A.    Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Arts. 
F.  S.  S.    Fellow  of  the  Statistical  Society. 
Ft.     Fort ;  Foot ;  Feet. 
Fth.     Fathom. 
Fur.     Furlong. 

F.  Zm  S.     Fellow  of  the  Zoological  Society. 

G.  Glucinum ;  Guinea ;  Genitive ;  German ;  Gulf. 
Ga.     Georgia;  Gallium. 

G.  A.    General  Assembly. 

Gael.    Gaelic. 

Gal.    Galatians ;  Galen ;  Gallon. 

Galv.     Galvanism ;  Galveston. 

G.  A.  R.    Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 

G.  B.     Great  Britain. 

G.  B.  &  I.     Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

G.  C.     Grand  Chapter ;  Grand  Conductor. 

G.  C.  B.    Grand  Cross  of  the  Bath. 

G.  C.  L.  H.     Grand  Cross  of  Legion  of  Honor. 

G.  D.     Grand  Duke,  or  Duchess. 

G.  E.    Grand  Encampment. 

Gen.      General;    Genesis;    Geneva;    Genitive;    Genus; 

Genera ;  Genealogy. 
Gent.    Gentleman. 
Geo.    George. 

Geog.     Geography;  Geographer. 
Geom.     Geometry. 
Ger.    German ;  Germany ;  Gerund. 
G.  L.    Grand  Lodge. 
Gl.    Glucinum. 
Gloss.     Glossary. 
G.  O.    General  Order. 
Goth.     Gothic. 
Gov.     Governor. 
Gov.  Gen.    Governor-General. 
Govt.     Government. 

G.  P.    Gloria  Patri,  Glory  be  to  the  Father. 
G.  P.  O.     General  Post-Office. 

G.  R.    Grand  Recorder;  Georgius  Rex,  King  George. 
Gr.     Greek ;  Greece ;  Grain ;  Gross ;  Great. 
Gram.     Grammar. 
Gro.     Gross. 

G.  S.    Grand  Sentinel ;  Grand  Scribe ;  Grand  Secretary. 
G.  T.     Good  Templar ;  Grand  Tyler. 
Gtt.     Gutta,  Drop  or  Drops. 

H.     Hydrogen;   High;  Harbor;  Husband. 

H.  A.    Hoc  anno,  this  year. 

Hab.     Habakkuk. 

Hab.  Corp.    Habeas  Corpus,  you  may  take  the  body. 


Hag.     Haggai. 

H.  B.  C.     Hudson's  Bay  Company. 

H.  B.  M.     His  Britannic  Majesty. 

H.  C.     House  of  Commons. 

H.  C.  M.     His  or  Her  Catholic  Majesty. 

Hdkf:     Handkerchief. 

H.  E.    Hoc  est,  that  is. 

Heb.     Hebrew ;  Hebrews. 

Her.     Heraldry. 

Herp.     Herpetology. 

Hg.     Hydrargyrum,  Mercury;  Quicksilver. 

H.  G.     Horse-Guards. 

H.  H.    His  Highness ;  His  Holiness. 

Hhd.     Hogshead. 

H.  I.     Hawaiian  Islands. 

H.  I.  H.     His  Imperial  Highness. 

Hind.     Hindu ;  Hindustan. 

Hipp.     Hippocrates. 

Hist.     History;  Historical. 

H.  J.     Hie  jacet,  Here  lies  or  rests. 

H.  J.  S.    Hie  jacet  scpultus,  Here  lies  buried. 

H.  L.     House  of  Lords. 

H.  M.     Hallelujah  Meter;  His  Majesty. 

H.  M.  P.  Hoc  nwnumentum  posuit,  Erected  this  mon- 
ument. 

H.  M.  S.     His  Majesty's  Ship. 

Holl.     Holland. 

Hon.     Honorable. 

Hort.     Horticulture. 

Hos.     Hosea. 

H.  P.     Horse-Power;  High  Priest. 

H.  R.     House  of  Representatives. 

H.  R.  E.     Holy  Roman  Empire. 

H.  R.  H.     His  Royal  Highness. 

H.  R.  I.  P.  Hie  requicscat  in  pace,  Here  rests  in 
peace. 

H.  S.    Hie  situs,  Here  rests  or  lies. 

H.  S.  H.     His  Serene  Highness. 

H.  S.  S.     Fellow  of  the  Historical  Society. 

Hun.  or  Hung.     Hungary;  Hungarian. 

Hund.     Hundred. 

H.  V.    Hoc  verbum,  this  word. 

Hyd.     Hydrostatics. 

Hydraul.     Hydraulics. 

Hypoth.     Hypothesis;  Hypothetical. 

I.    Island ;  Iodine. 

la.     Iowa. 

lb.  or  Ibid.    Ibidem,  in  the  same  place. 

Icel.     Iceland;  Icelandic. 

Ich.     Ichthyology. 

Icon.     Iconography ;  Iconographic. 

Id.     Idaho ;  Idem,  the  same  ;  Ides. 

I.  E.    Id  est,  that  is. 

I.  H.  S.    Jesus  Hominum  Salvator,  Jesus  the  Saviour 

of  Men. 
111.     Illinois. 
Illust.     Illustration. 
Imp.      Imperative ;    Imperfect ;    Impersonal ;    Imperial ; 

Imperator,  Emperor. 
In.     Inches;  Indium. 
Incog.     Incognito,  unknown. 
Ind.     Indiana;  India;  Indian;  Indicative;  Index. 
Tnd.  T  or  Ter.    Indian  Territory. 
Inf.     Infinitive ;  Infra,  beneath. 
Inhab.     Inhabitant. 
In  lim.     In  limine,  at  the  start. 
In  loc.    In  loco,  in  its  place. 
I.  N.  R.  I.    Jesus  Nazarcnus,  Rex  Judaeorum,  Jesus  of 

Nazareth,  King  of  the  Jews. 
Ins.     Inspector. 
Ins.  or  Insur.     Insurance. 
Inst.     Instant   (current  month)  ;   Institute ;  Institution. 


48 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


nt.     Interest. 

nterj.     Interjection. 

n  trans.    In  transitu,  on  the  passage. 

nt.  Dept.     Interior  Department. 

nt.  Rev.     Internal  Revenue. 

ntrod.    Introduction. 

nv.     Invoice. 

o.     Iowa. 

.  O.  F.    Independent  Order  of  Foresters. 

.  O.  G.  T.     Independent  Order  of  Good  Templars. 

on.     Ionic. 

O.  O.  F.    Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows. 

O.  S.  M.     Independent  Order  of  Sons  of  Malta. 
.  O.  U.     I  owe  you. 
pecac.     Ipecacuanha. 
.  q.     idem  quod,  the  same  as. 
r.     Ireland ;  Irish ;  Iridium. 
.  R.  O.     Internal  Revenue  Office. 
s.  or  Isa.    Isaiah, 
s  or  Isl.     Island. 

.  T.    Indian  Territory;  Inner  Temple, 
t  or  Ital.     Italy;  Italian;  Italic. 
tin.     Itinerary. 

.    Judge;  Justice:  Julius. 

.  A.    Judge  Advocate. 

ac.    Jacob. 

.  A.  G.    Judge  Advocate  General. 

am.     Jamaica. 

an.     January. 

ap.    Japan ;  Japanese. 

as.    James. 

av.     Java ;  Javanese. 

.  C.    Julius  Caesar ;  Jesus  Christ. 

.  C.  D.     Doctor  of  Civil  Law. 

.  D.    Doctor  of  Laws. 

er.    Jeremiah. 

.  G.  W.    Junior  Grand  Warden. 

no.     John. 

ona.    Jonathan. 

os.    Joseph. 

osh.    Joshua. 

our.    Journal. 

.  P.    Justice  of  the  Peace. 

.  Prob.    Judge  of  Probate. 

r.    Junior. 

.  R.    Jacobus  Rex,  King  James. 

ud.    Judith,  Judicial. 

udg.    Judges. 

ul.     Julius;  July. 

ul.  Per.    Julian  Period. 

un.    June. 

us.  P.    Justice  of  the  Peace. 

ust.    Justinian ;  Justice. 

.  W.    Junior  Warden. 

K.     King;  Knight;  Kalium=Potassium. 

Kal.     Kalends. 

Kan.    Kansas. 

K.  B.    King's  Bench ;  Knight  of  the  Bath. 

K.  C.  B.    Knight  Commander  of  the  Bath. 

K.  C.  H.     Knight  Commander  of  Hanover. 

Ken.  or  Ky.     Kentucky. 

K.  G.     Knight  of  the  Garter. 

Kg.     Kilogram;  Keg;  Kgs.,  Kegs. 

K.  G.  C.    Knight  of  the  Golden  Circle. 

K.  G.  C.  B.    Knight  of  Grand  Cross  of  Bath. 

K.  H.     Knight  of  Hanover. 

Ki.     Kings. 

Kil.     Kilometer;  Kilderkin. 

Kilo.     Kilogram. 

Kingd.     Kingdom. 

K.  L.  H.     Knight  Legion  of  Honor. 

K.  M.     Knight  of  Malta. 


K.  N.     Know-nothing. 

Knick.     Knickerbocker. 

Knt.  or  Kt.    Knight. 

K.  R.  C.    Knight  of  the  Red  Cross. 

Ks.     Kansas. 

K.  T.    Knight  Templar;  Knight  of  the  Thistle. 

K.  t.  1.     Greek  initials  for  And  so  forth. 

Ky.     Kentucky. 

L.  Fifty;  Liber,  book;  Lake;  Lady;  Latin;  Law;  Lord; 
London;  Lithium;  Latitude;  League;  Libra,  pound; 
L  =  £,  pound  sterling ;  Liter. 

Lb.     Pound  weight. 

La.     Louisiana;  Lanthanum. 

L.  A.  C.     Licentiate  of  the  Apothecaries'  Co. 

Lam.    Lamentations. 

Lang.     Language. 

Lat.     Latin ;  Latitude. 

1.  c.    Lower  case. 

L.  C  Lower  Canada;  Lord  Chancellor;  Lord  Cham- 
berlain. 

L.  C.  B.     Lord  Chief  Baron. 

L.  C.  J.     Lord  Chief  Justice. 

L.  C.  M.     Least  Common  Multiple. 

Ld.     Lord. 

L.D.    Lady  Day;  Light  Dragoons. 

L.  D.     Low  Dutch. 

Ldp.  or  Lp.     Lordship. 

L.  D.  S.    Licentiate  of  Dental  Surgery.  » 

Leg.    Legate;  Legato,  smoothly. 

Legis.     Legislature. 

Leip.     Leipsig. 

Lev.     Leviticus. 

Lex.     Lexicon. 

Life-Guards ;  Low  German. 
Lord  High  Admiral. 
Lord  High  Chancellor. 

L.  H.  D.     Doctor  of  Humanities. 

L.  H.  T.     Lord  High  Treasurer. 

L.  I.     Long  Island. 

Li.     Lithium. 

Lib.     Librarian ;   Library ;  Liber,  book. 

Lieut,  or  Lt.     Lieutenant. 

Lieut.  Col.     Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Lieut.  Gen.    Lieutenant  General. 

Lieut.  Gov.     Lieutenant  Governor. 

Lin.     Lineal. 

Linn.     Linnaeus ;  Linnsean. 

Liq.     Liquid ;  Liquor. 

Lit.    Literally;  Literary;  Literature. 

Lith.     Lithuanian. 

Liv.    Livre. 

L.  Lat.     Low  Latin ;  Law  Latin. 

LL.  B.     Bachelor  of  Laws. 

LL.  D.    Legum  Doctor,  Doctor  of  Laws. 

LL.  M.    Master  of  Laws. 

L.  M.     Long  Meter. 

Lond.     London. 

Long,  or  Lon.    Longitude. 

Loq.    Loquiter,  speaks. 

Lou.  or  La.     Louisiana. 

L.  P.     Large  Paper;  Lord  Provost. 

L.  P.  M.     Long  Particular  Meter. 

L.  P.  S.     Lord  Privy  Seal. 

P.     Licentiate  of  the  Royal  College  of  Phy- 


L.  G. 

L.  H.  A. 
L.  H.  C. 


S.    Licentiate  of  the  Royal   College  of  Sur- 


L.  R.  C 

sicians 
L.  R.  C. 

geons. 

L.  S.  D.     Pounds,  shillings,  pence. 
L.  S.     Locus  Sigilli,  Place  of  the  Seal. 
Lt.    Lieutenant. 
Lt.  Inf.    Light  Infantry. 
Lv.    Livre. 


WORD  ABBREVIATION'S. 


49 


M.  Marquis ;  Masculine ;  Monday ;  Moon ;  Married ; 
Meter;  Monsieur;  Morning;  Month;  Minute;  Mill; 
Miles;  Medicine;  Mixture;  Measure;  Mille,  thous- 
and ;  Meridian  =  Noon. 

M.  A.     Military  Academy;  Master  of  Arts. 

Mace.     Maccabees. 

Maced.     Macedonian. 

Mad.     Madam. 

Mag.     Magazine. 

Maj.     Major. 

Maj.-Gen.     Major-General. 

Mai.     Malachi. 

Man.     Manual. 

Mar.     March. 

March.     Marchioness. 

Marg.     Margin. 

Marg.  Trans.     Marginal  Translation. 

Marq.     Marquis. 

Mas.  or  Masc.     Masculine. 

Mass.     Massachusetts. 

Math.     Mathematics ;  Mathematician. 

Matt.     Matthew. 

M.  B.    Bachelor  of  Medicine ;  Bachelor  of  Music. 

M.  C.     Member  of  Congress ;  Master  of  Ceremonies. 

Mch.     March. 

M.  D.     Doctor  of  Medicine. 

Md.     Maryland. 

Mdlle.     Mademoiselle. 

Me.     Maine. 

M.  E.  Methodist  Episcopal;  Mining  Engineer;  Me- 
chanical Engineer. 

Mech.     Mechanical ;  Mechanics. 

Med.     Medicine. 

Mem.     Memorandum. 

Messrs.  or  MM.    Messieurs,  Gentlemen. 

Met.     Metaphysics. 

Metal.     Metallurgy. 

Meteor.     Meteorology. 

Meth.     Methodist. 

Mex.     Mexico ;  Mexican. 

Mfd.     Manufactured. 

Mfg.     Manufacturing. 

Mfs.     Manufacturers. 

Mg.     Magnesium. 

M.  Goth.    Mceso-Gothic. 

M.  H.  G.     Middle  High  German. 

M.  H.  S.  Member  of  the  Historical  Society ;  Massa- 
chusetts Historical  Society. 

Mic.     Micah. 

M.  I.  C.  E.     Member  of  Institute  of  Civil  Engineers. 

Mich.     Michigan ;   Michaelmas. 

Mid.     Middle;  Midshipman. 

Mil.     Military. 

Min.     Mineralogy ;  Minute  ;  Mining. 

Minn.     Minnesota. 

Min.  Plen.     Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

Miss.     Mississippi. 

M.  L.  G.     Middle  Low  German. 

M.  L.  A.     Mercantile  Library  Association. 

MM.    Their  Majesties;  Gentlemen;  Two  Thousand. 

Mme.     Madame. 

M.  M.  S.     Moravian  Missionary  Society. 

M.  M.  S.  S.  Fellow  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical 
Society. 

Mil.     Manganese. 

M.  N.  A.  S.    Member  of  National  Academy  of  Sciences 

Mo.     Missouri ;   Molybdenum  ;   Month. 

Mod.     Modern ;  Moderately. 

Moham.     Mohammedan. 

Mon.     Montana ;  Monday. 

Mons.     Monsieur ;  Sir. 

Morn.     Morning. 

Mos.     Months. 


M.  P.     Member  of  Parliament;  Member  of  Police. 

M.  P.  C.     Member  of  Parliament  in  Canada. 

M.  P.  P.     Member  of  Provincial  Parliament. 

M.  P.  S.  Member  of  the  Philological,  or  Pharmaceut- 
ical Society. 

Mr.     Mister  or  Master. 

M.  R.     Master  of  the  Rolls. 

M.  R.  A.  S.    Member  of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences. 

M.  R.  C.  C.   Member  of  the  Royal  College  of  Chemistry. 

M.  R.  C.  P.   Member  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians. 

M.  R.  C.  S.   Member  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons. 

M.  R.  G.  S.    Member  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society. 

M.  R.  I.   Member  of  the  Royal  Institution. 

Mrs.     Mistress. 

M.  S.  Master  of  Surgery;  Memoriae  Sacrum,  Sacred 
to  the  memory. 

Ms.     Manuscript ;  Mss.,  Manuscripts. 

Mt.     Mount ;  Mountain. 

Mts.     Mountains. 

Mus.     Music ;  Museum. 

Mus.  B.     Bachelor  of  Music. 

Mus.  D.    Doctor  of  Music. 

M.  W.     Most  Worthy. 

M.  W.  G.  M.  Most  Worthy,  or  Most  Worshipful, 
Grand  Master. 

M.  W.  P.     Most  Worthy  Patriarch. 

Myth.     Mythology. 

N.     Nitrogen;  North;  Number;  Noun;  Neuter;  Note; 

Nail ;   Name ;   New ;  Norse. 
N.  A.     North  America. 
Na.    Natrium,  Sodium. 
N.  A.  D.     National  Academy  of  Design. 
Nah.     Nahum. 
Nap.     Napoleon. 

N.  A.  S.     National  Academy  of  Sciences. 
Nat.     Natural ;  Natal ;  National. 
Nat.  Hist.     Natural  History. 
Nath.     Nathaniel. 
Naut.     Nautical. 
Nav.     Naval. 
Navig.     Navigation. 
Nb.     Nobium. 
N.    B.     Nota   bene,   Note   well;    North   British;    New 

Brunswick. 
N.  C.     North  Carolina. 
N.  Dak.     North  Dakota. 
N.  E.     North  East;  New  England. 
Neb.     Nebraska. 
Neh.     Nehemiah. 

Nem.  Con.     No  one  contradicting  or  opposing. 
N.  E.  I.    Non  est  inventus,  He  is  not  found. 
Neth.     Netherlands. 
Neut.     Neuter. 
Nev.     Nevada. 
New  M.     New  Mexico. 
New  Test.     New  Testament. 
N.  F.  Newfoundland. 
N.  G.     Noble  Grand ;   New  Granada. 
N.  H.     New  Hampshire. 

N.  H.  H.  S.     New  Hampshire  Historical  Society. 
Ni.     Nickel. 
Ni.  pri.     Nisi  prius. 
N.  J.     New  Jersey. 
N.  Lat.  North  latitude. 
N.  Mex.     New  Mexico. 
N.  N.  E.     North-North-East. 
N.  N.  W.     North-North-West. 
No.     Norium;  Number;  Nos.,  Numbers. 
N.  O.    New  Orleans. 
Nol.  pros.     Not  willing  to  proceed. 
Nom.     Nominative. 
Non  Pros.     He  does  not  prosecute. 


50 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


Non  Seq.    It  does  not  follow. 

Nor.     Norman. 

Nor.  Fr.     Norman  French. 

Norw.     Norway. 

Nov.     November. 

N.  P.     Notary  Public. 

N.  P.  D.    North  Polar  Distance. 

N.  R.     North  River. 

N.  S.     New  Style;  Nova  Scotia. 

N.  S.  J.  C.    Noster     Sahator     Jesus     Christus,     Our 

Savior  Jesus  Christ. 
N.  T.     New  Testament. 
N.  V.     New  Version. 
Num.    Numbers ;  Numeral. 
N.  W.     North-West. 
N.  W.  T.     North-West  Territory. 
N.  Y.    New  York. 

N.  Y.  H.  S.     New  York  Historical  Society. 
N.  Z.     New  Zealand. 

O.     Ohio;  Oxygen;  Old. 

Ob.     Obiit,  Died;  Obadiah. 

Obj.     Objective. 

Obs.     Observatory;  Obsolete;  Observation. 

Obt.    Obedient. 

Oct.     October ;  Octavo. 

O.  F.     Odd  Fellow  or  Fellows. 

O.  G.     Outside  Guardian. 

O.  H.  G.     Old  High  German. 

O.  K.     Oil  Korrect  =  All  correct. 

Okla.     Oklahoma. 

Old  Test.     Old  Testament. 

Olym.     Olympiad. 

O.  M.     Old  Measurement. 

Ont.     Ontario. 

Op.     Opera;  Opus,  a  work;  Opposite. 

Opt.     Optics;  Optative. 

Or.  or  Oreg.    Oregon. 

Ornith.     Ornithology. 

Os.     Osmium. 

O.  S.    Outside  Sentinel;  Old  Style. 

O.  T.    Old  Testament. 

O.  U.  A.     Order  of  United  Americans. 

Oxon.     Oxonia,  Oxford. 

Oz.    Ounce ;  Ounces. 

P.  or  p.     Page ;  Part ;  Participle ;  Past ;  Penny ;  Pipe ; 

Phosphorus;  Pole. 
Pa.     Pennsylvania. 
Pal.     Paleontology. 
Par.     Paragraph. 
Pari.     Parliament. 
Part.     Participle. 
Pass.     Passive. 
Pathol.     Pathology. 
Pat.  Of.     Patent  Office. 
Pb.    Plumbum,  Lead. 
P.  B.     Bachelor  of  Philosophy. 
P.  C.     Privy  Council. 
P.  C.  P.    Past  Chief  Patriarch. 
P.  D.     Doctor  of  Philosophy. 
Pd.     Paid;  Palladium. 
P.  E.     Protestant  Episcopal. 
P.  E.  I.     Prince  Edward  Island. 
Penn.     Pennsylvania. 
Pent.     Pentecost. 
Per.     Persia;  Persian. 
Per  an.    By  the  year. 
Per  cent.     By  the  hundred. 
Peri.     Perigee. 
Peruv.     Peruvian. 
Pet.     Peter. 
P.  G.     Past  Grand. 


P.  G.  M.     Past  Grand  Master. 

Pg.     Portuguese. 

Phar.     Pharmacy. 

Ph.  B.     Bachelor  of  Philosophy. 

Ph.  D.     Doctor  of  Philosophy. 

Phil.      Philippians;    Philip;    Philosopher;    Philosophy; 

Philemon ;  Philadelphia. 
Phila.     Philadelphia. 

Philom.    Philomathes,  Lover  of  Learning. 
Phil.  Trans.     Philosophical  Transactions. 
Photog.     Photography. 
Phren.     Phrenology. 

P.  H.  S.     Pennsylvania  Historical  Society. 
Phys.     Physics ;  Physiology. 
Pinx.  or  pxt.    Pinxit,  he  (she)  painted  it. 
P.  I.     Philippine  Islands. 
Pk.     Peck. 
Pkgs.     Packages. 
PI.     Plural. 
P.  L.     Poet  Laureate. 
P.  L.  C.     Poor  Law  Commission. 
Plff.     Plaintiff. 
Plin.     Pliny. 

Plupf.     Pluperfect.  " 

Plur.     Plural. 
P.  M.    Post  Meridiem,  After  noon;  Postmaster;  Past 

Master ;  Past  Midshipman. 
P.  M.  G.     Postmaster-General. 
P.  O.     Post  Office. 

P.  O.  D.    Post-Office  Department ;  Pay  on  Delivery. 
P.  of  H.     Patrons  of  Husbandry. 
Poet.     Poetry;  Poetical. 
Pol.     Polish. 

P.  O.  O.     Post-Office  Order. 
Pop.     Population. 
Port.     Portugal ;  Portuguese. 
Pos.  or  Poss.     Possessive. 
p.p.     Pages. 
P.  P.     Pater  Patriae,  Father  of  His  Country;   Parish 

Priest. 
Pph.     Pamphlet. 
P.  Q.     Previous  Question. 
Pr.    Priest ;  Prince ;  Provencal ;  Preposition ;  Pronoun ; 

Price ;  Present. 
P.  R.     Porto  Rico;  Prize  Ring;  The  Roman  People. 
P.  R.  A.     President  of  the  Royal  Academy. 
P.  R.  C.    Post  Romanum  Conditum,  After  the  building 

of  Rome. 
Pref.     Preface. 
Prep.     Prepositfon. 
Pres.     President;  Present. 
Presb.     Presbyterian. 
Pret.     Preterit. 
Prin.     Principle ;  Principally. 
Print.     Printing. 
Priv.     Privative. 
Prob.     Problem. 
Prof.     Professor. 

Pron.     Pronoun;  Pronunciation;  Pronominal. 
Prop.     Proposition;  Property;  Properly. 
Pros.     Prosody. 
Prot.     Protestant. 
Pro  tern.     For  the  time  being. 
Prov.    Proverbs ;  Province ;  Provost. 
Prox.     Proximo,  next;  Following. 
P.  R.  S.    President  of  the  Royal  Society. 
Prs.     Pairs. 

Prus.    Prussia;  Prussian. 
P.  S.    Post  Scrip  turn,  Postscript;  Privy  Seal. 
Ps.     Psalm ;  Psalms. 
Psvchol.     Psychology. 

Pt.    Platinum;  Pint;  Part;  Payment;  Point;  Port. 
P.  t.    Post-town. 


WORD  ABBREVIATIONS. 


51 


P.  T.     Pupil-Teacher. 

P.  T.  O.     Please  turn  over. 

Pub.     Publisher;  Publication;  Public. 

Pub.  Doc.     Public  Documents. 

Pulv.     Pulvis,  Powder. 

P.  v.     Post-village. 

P.  W.  P.     Past  Worthy  Patriarch. 

Pwt.     Pennyweight. 

Pxt.    Pinxit,  He  (she)  painted  it. 

Q.     Queen ;  Question ;  Quasi,  Almost,  as  if. 

Q.  B.     Queen's  Bench. 

Q.  C.     Queen's  College ;  Queen's  Counsel. 

Q.  d.    As  if  one  said. 

Q.  e.     Quod  est,  Which  is. 

Q.  E.  D.    Quod  erat  demonstrandum,  Which  was  to  be 

proved. 
Q.  E.  F.    Quod  erat  faciendum,  Which  was  to  be  done. 
Q.  E.  I.     Quod   erat  inveniendum,   Which    was  to   be 

found  out. 
Q.  1.     Quantum  libet,  As  much  as  you  please. 
Q.  M.     Quartermaster. 
Qm.     Quomodo,  how;  by  what  means. 
Q.  M.  G.     Quartermaster-General. 
Q.  P.    Quantum  placet,  As  much  as  you  please. 
Qr.     Quarter;  Quire. 
Q.  S.     Quarter  Sessions. 

Q.  s.     Quantum  sufficit,  A  sufficient  quantity. 
Qt.     Quart. 

Qu.     Query ;  Inquire ;  Queen ;  Question. 
Quar.     Quarterly. 
Ques.     Question. 
Que.     Quebec. 
Q.  v.    Quod  vide,  Which  see. 

R.  Reaumur ;  River ;  Rood ;  Rod ;  Railway ;  Rhodium ; 
Robert ;  Recipe,  take ;  Rex,  King ;  Regina.  Queen. 

R.  A.  Royal  Academy ;  Royal  Academician ;  Royal 
Arch;  Royal  Arcanum;  Royal  Artillery;  Rear- Ad- 
miral :  Right  Ascension. 

R.  A.  C.     Royal  Arch  Chapter. 

Rad.     Radical;  Root. 

Rb.     Rubidium. 

R.  C.     Roman  Catholic. 

Rec.     Recipe ;  Recorder. 

Recpt.     Receipt. 

Rec.  Sec.     Recording  Secretary. 

R.  E.     Reformed  Episcopal. 

Ref.     Reference  ;  Reformed  ;  Reformation. 

Ref.  Ch.     Reformed  Church. 

Reg.     Regular;  Register;  Registrar;  Regent. 

Regt.     Regiment. 

Rel.     Religion ;  Relative. 

Rep.  Representative ;  Reporter ;  Report ;  Republic ;  Re- 
publican. 

Repub.     Republic ;  Republican. 

Rev.  Revelation ;  Reverend ;  Revolution ;  Review ; 
Revenue ;  Revised. 

Rev.  Ver.     Revised  Version. 

R.  G.  G.     Royal  Grenadier  Guards. 

Rh.     Rhodium. 

R.  H.  A.  Royal  Horse  Artillery;  Royal  Hibernian 
Academv. 

Rhet.     Rhetoric. 

R.  H.  S.  Royal  Humane  Society;  Royal  Historical 
Society. 

R.  I.     Rhode  Island. 

Richd.     Richard. 

R.  I.  H.  S.     Rhode  Island  Historical  Society. 

R.  I.  P.  Requiescat  in  pace,  May  he  (she)  rest  in 
peace. 

Riv.     River. 

R.  M.     Royal  Mail;  Royal  Marines. 


R.  M.  S.     Royal  Mail  Steamer. 

R.  N.    Royal  Navy. 

R.  N.  R.     Royal  Naval  Reserve. 

Ro.    Rood ;  Rhodium ;  Recto,  Right-hand  page. 

Robt.     Robert. 

Rom.     Romans. 

Rom.  Cath.     Roman  Catholic. 

R.  P.     Reformed  Presbyterian;  Regius  Professor. 

Rpt.    Report. 

R.  R.     Railroad. 

R.  S.    Recording  Secretary;  Revised  Statutes. 

Rs.     Rupees  ;  Responsus,  Answer. 

R.  S.  A.     Royal  Society  of  Antiquaries. 

R.  S.  L.     Royal  Society  of  London. 

R.  S.  V.  P.    Respond  (answer)  if  you  please. 

Rt.     Right. 

R.  T.  S.     Religious  Tract  Society. 

Rt.  Hon.     Right  Honorable. 

Rt.  Rev.     Right  Reverend. 

Rt.  Wpfl.    Right  Worshipful. 

Ru.     Runic ;  Ruthenium. 

Russ.     Russia;  Russian. 

R.  V.     Revised  Version. 

R.  W.     Right  Worthy;  Right  Worshipful. 

R.  W.  D.   G.    M.      Right    Worshipful    Deputy    Grand 

Master. 
R.  W.  G.  M.     Right  Worshipful  Grand  Master. 
R.  W.  G.  S.     Right  Worthy  Grand  Secretary. 
R.  W.  G.  T.     Right  Worthy  Grand  Treasurer. 
R.  W.  G.  W.     Right  Worthy  Grand  Warden. 
R.  W.  J.  G.  W.       Right     Worshipful     Junior     Grand 

Warden. 
Ry.     Railway. 

S.     Sulphur;   South;   Saint;   Sun;   Sunday;   Saturday; 

Saxon  ;    Scribe ;    Sabbath ;    Shilling ;    Second ;    Solo ; 

Son ;  Singular. 
S.  A.    South  Africa ;  South  America ;  South  Australia ; 

Secundum  Art  em.  According  to  Art. 
Sam.     Samaritan;  Samuel. 
Sansc.     Sanscrit. 
Sard.     Sardinia. 

S.  A.  S.    Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries. 
Sat.     Saturday. 
Sax.     Saxon ;  Saxony. 
S.  C.     South  Carolina. 
Sb.     Stibium,  Antimony. 
S.  c.     Small  Capitals. 
Sc.     Scandium;   Scilicet,   to  wit,   namely;   Sculpsit,   he 

(she)   engraved  it. 
Scand.     Scandinavian. 
Scan.  Mag.     Scandal  of  the  Great. 
Sc.  B.     Bachelor  of  Science. 
Schol.    Scholium,  note. 
Sch.     Schooner. 
Sci.     Science. 

Scil.    Scilicet,  namely,  to  wit. 
S.  C.  L.     Student  of  the  Civil  Law. 
Sclav.     Sclavonic, 
Scot.     Scotland. 
Scr.     Scruple. 
Scrip.     Scripture. 

Sculp.    Sculpsit,  he  (she)  engraved  it;  Sculpture. 
S.  D.     Senior  Deacon. 
S.  Dak.     South  Dakota. 
S.  E.     South  East. 
Se.     Silenium. 

Sec.     Secretary ;  Second  ;  Section ;  Secant. 
Seg.  Leg.     Secretary  of  Legation. 
Sect.     Section. 
Sem.     Seminary. 
Sen.     Senate ;   Senator ;   Senior. 
Sen.  Doc.     Senate  Document. 


52 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


Sep.  or  Sept.     September;  Septuagint. 

Seq.    Sequentia,  the  following,  next. 

Ser.     Series. 

Serb.     Serbian. 

Serg.     Sergeant. 

Serg.  Maj.     Sergeant  Major. 

Serv.     Servian. 

Servt.     Servant. 

S.  G.     Solicitor-General;  South  Georgia. 

Shak.     Shakespeare. 

Sh.     Shilling. 

S.  H.  S.    Fellow  of  the  Historical  Society. 

Si.     Silicon. 

S.  J.     Society  of  Jesus. 

S.  J.  C.     Supreme  Judicial  Court. 

Sing.     Singular. 

Skr.     Sanskrit. 

S.  L.     Solicitor  at  Law. 

S.  Lat.    South  Latitude. 

Slav.     Slavonia;  Slavic. 

S.  M.  Short  Meter;  State  Militia;  Sergeant  Major; 
Sons  of  Malta. 

Sn.    Stannum,  tin. 

S.  O.     Seller's  Option. 

Soc.     Society. 

S.  of  Sol.     Song  of  Solomon. 

S.  of  T.     Sons  of  Temperance. 

Sol.     Solomon ;  Solution. 

Sol.  Gen.     Solicitor-General. 

Sp.     Spain ;  Spanish ;  Spirit. 

S.  P.  A.  S.     Member  of  American  Philosophical  Society. 

S.  P.  C.  A.  Society  for  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  An- 
imals. 

Sp.  Gr.     Specific  Gravity. 

S.  P.  M.     Short  Particular  Meter. 

S.  P.  Q.  R.     Senate  and  People  of  Rome. 

Sq.  ft.     Square  feet. 

Sq.  in.     Square  inch. 

Sq.  m.     Square  mile. 

Sq.  yd.     Square  yard. 

Sr.     Strontium;  Sir;  Senior. 

S.  R.  I.     Holy  Roman  Empire. 

S.  R.  S.     Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society. 

Ss.     Saints;  Silicet;  to  wit. 

S.  S.     Sunday  School. 

S.  S.  C.     Solicitor  of  the  Supreme  Court. 

S.  S.  E.     South-South-East. 

S.  S.  W.    South-South-West. 

St.     Saint;   Street;   Stone;   Strait. 

Stat.     Statute ;   Statuary. 

S.  T.  B.     Bachelor  of  Sacred  Theology. 

Str.     Steamer. 

S.  T.  D.     Doctor  of  Sacred  Theology  (Divinity). 

Ster.     Sterling. 

Subj.     Subjunctive. 

Subst.     Substantive;  Substitute. 

Sufi.     Suffix. 

Sun.  or  Sund.     Sunday. 

Sup.  Supreme;  Superior;  Supplement;  Superlative; 
Superfine. 

Sup.  C.     Superior  Court. 

Super.     Superfine ;   Superior. 

Superl.     Superlative. 

Supt.     Superintendent. 

Surg.     Surgeon;  Surgery. 

Surg.  Gen.     Surgeon-General. 

Surv.     Survey;  Surveying;  Surveyor. 

Surv.  Gen.     Surveyor-General. 

S.  W.     Southwest. 

Sw.     Swiss ;  Swedish ;  Sweden. 

Swtz.     Switzerland. 

Syn.     Synonym ;  Synonymous. 

Syr.     Syria;  Syriac. 


T.    Titus;   Tenor;   Tuesday;  Town;   Territory;   Ton; 

Testament ;  Town. 
Tab.    Table ;  Tabular. 
Tan.    Tangent. 

T.  E.    Topographical  Engineers. 
Tel.    Telegraph. 
Teleg.     Telegraphy. 
Tenn.    Tennessee. 
Ter.    Territory. 
Test.    Testament. 
Teut.    Teutonic. 
Tex.    Texas. 

Text.  Rec.     Received  Text. 
Th.    Thursday;  Thorium;  Thomas. 
Theo.    Theodore. 
Theol.    Theology;  Theological. 
Theof.     Theophilus. 
Thess.    Thessalonians. 
Thos.     Thomas. 
Thurs.    Thursday. 
Ti.     Titanium. 
Tim.     Timothy. 
Tit.     Titus;   Title. 
T.  O.    Turn  over. 
Tob.     Tobit. 
Tom.    Tome   (volume). 
Topog.     Topography;  Topographical. 
Tp.     Township. 
Tr.     Transpose;     Trustee;     Translate;     Translator^ 

Translation;  Treasurer. 
Trans.    Translator;  Translation;  Transpose. 
Treas.    Treasurer. 
Trig.     Trigonometry. 
Trin.    Trinity. 
Tu.  or  Tues.    Tuesday. 
Tur.     Turkey ;    Turkish. 
Typ.     Typographer. 
Typo.     Typography. 

U.    Union ;  Uranium ;  University. 

U.  B.     United  Brethren. 

U.  C.  Upper  Canada ;  Urbs  condita,  year  of  the  build- 
ing of  Rome. 

U.  G.  R.  R.     Underground  Railroad. 

U.  K.    United  Kingdom. 

Ult.     Ultimo,  last  month. 

Unit.    Unitarian. 

Univ.     University. 

Univt.     Universalist. 

U.  P.    United  Presbyterian. 

U.  S.     United  States. 

u.  s.    ut  supra,  as  above. 

U.  S.  A.  United  States  of  America ;  United  States 
Army. 

U.  S.  L.     United  States  Legation. 

U.  S.  M.    United  States  Marines ;  United  States  Mail. 

U.  S.  M.  A.     United  States  Military  Academy. 

U.  S.  M.  C.    United  States  Marine  Corps. 

U.  S.  N.    United  States  Navy. 

U.  S.  N.  A.     United  States  Naval  Academy. 

U.  S.  S.    United  States  Senate. 

U.  S.  V.    United  States  Volunteers. 

Ut.    Utah. 

Ux.     Uxor,  wife. 

V.  Village ;  Violin ;  Vanadium ;  Victoria ;  Verb ;  Voca- 
tive; Venerable;  Viscount;  Vide,  see;  Versus, 
against. 

V.  A.    Vice-Admiral. 

Va.     Virginia. 

Val.    Value. 

Vat.    Vatican. 

v.  aux.     verb  auxilliary. 


WORD  ABBREVIATIONS. 


63 


Vive     Chancellor ;     Victoria 


-vb.  n.    verbal  noun. 

V.  C.    Vice     Chairman ; 

Cross. 
V.  D.  L.    Van  Dieman's  Land. 

V.  D.  M.     Verbi  Dei  Minister,  Minister  of  God's  Word. 
Veil.     Venerable. 
Ver.    Verse;  Verses. 
V.  G.    Vice  Grand;  Vicar  General, 
v.  i.     Intransitive  verb. 
Vice.  Pres.    Vice  President. 
Vid.     Vide,  see. 
Viz.     Videlicet,  to  wit,  namely, 
v.  n.     Verb  Neuter. 
Vo.     Verso,  left-hand  page. 
Vol.     Volume. 
V.  P.     Vice  President. 
V.  R.     Victoria  Regtna,  Queen  Victoria. 
V.  S.    Veterinary  Surgeon. 
Vs.     Versus,  against. 
V.  Rev.    Very  Reverend. 
Vt.    Vermont, 
v.  t.    Verb  transitive. 
Vul.    Vulgate. 
Vulg.     Vulgar. 

W.    West ;  William ;  Wednesday ;  Welsh ;  Week. 

W.  A.     West  Africa. 

Wash.     Washington. 

W.  B.  M.    Woman's  Board  of  Missions. 

W.  C.    Western  Central. 

W.  C.  A.    Woman's  Christian  Association. 

W.  C.  T.  U.     Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union. 

Wed.    Wednesday. 

v,'f.     Wrong  font  (of  type). 

W.  G.  G.    Worthy  Grand  Guide. 

W.  G.  S.    Worthy  Grand  Sentinel. 


Whf.     Wharf. 

Wk.     Week. 

W.  I.     West  Indies. 

Wis.    Wisconsin. 

W.  Lon.    West  Longitude. 

W.  M.    Worshipful  Master. 

Wm.    William. 

W.  M.  S.    Wesleyan  Missionary  Society. 

W.  N.  W.     West-Northwest. 

W.  P.    Worthy  Patriarch. 

Wp.     Worship. 

Wpfl.     Worshipful. 

W.  S.  W.    West-Southwest. 

Wt.    Weight. 

W.  Va.    West  Virginia. 

Wyo.    Wyoming. 

X.  or  .Xt.    Christ. 
Xmas.  or  Xm.    Christmas. 
Xn.  or  Xtian.     Christian. 
Xnty.  or  Xty.     Christianity. 
Xper.  or  Xr.     Christopher. 

Y.     Year;  Yttrium. 

Y.  B.     Year  Book. 

Yd.     Yard. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.     Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 

Y.  M.  C.  U.    Young  Men's  Christian  Union 

Yr.    Year;  Your. 

Yrs.    Years ;  Yours. 

Y.  W.  C.  A.    Young  Women's  Christian  Association. 

Zach.  Zachary. 

Zech.  Zechariah. 

Zeph.  Zephaniah. 

Zool.  Zoology;  Zoological, 


WORDS   USED   IN   BUSINESS. 


Acceptance.— When  the  drawer  of  a  draft  writes  the 
word  "accepted"  across  its  face,  with  date  and  signa- 
ture, it  is  his  agreement  of  acceptance. 

Acceptance  Supra-Protest. — An  acceptance  o'  a  draft 
by  a  third  party  after  protest,  to  save  the  honor  of 
the  drawer  or  some  endorser. 

Accommodation  Note. — A  note  given  to  one  with- 
out a  consideration  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  him 
to   raise   money. 

Accrued  Interest. — The  current  interest  due  on  in- 
terest-bearing paper,  but  not  payable  till  the  time 
fixed  in  the  paper. 

Acknowledgment. — The  certificate  by  signature  to  the 
genuineness  of  a  document  for  record,  made  before 
an  authorized  official. 

Actuary. — A  managing  or  computing  officer  of  an 
insurance  company. 

Ad  Valorem. — According  to  value ;  said  of  duties  levied 

upon  the  value,  and  not  the  weight,  of  an  article. 
Adventure. — A   venture   or    speculation. 

Advice. — A  letter  or  telegram  conveying  mercantile 
information. 

Affidavit. — A  sworn  statement,  made  before  a  compe- 
tent official. 

Afloat. — Goods  afloat  are  those  in  port  but  still  in  the 
vessel. 

Agent. — One  authorized  to  act  for  another. 

Allonge. — Paper  pasted  to  a  note  to  receive  endorse- 
ments when  the  back  of  the  note  is  full. 

Annuity. — Annual  money  due  and  payable  as  the  pro- 
ceeds of  a  gift  or  of  a  principal  sum  received. 

Antedated. — Paper  dated  ahead  of  its  real  time. 

Appraisement. — Setting  a  value  on  property  or  goods. 

Arbitration. — Determining  by  persons  mutually  chosen 
by  disputants. 

Assessment. — A  call  on  stockholders  to  pay  additional 

money  on  their  holdings. 
Assets. — Goods  or  property  available  for  the  payment 

of  debts. 
Assignment. — A   debtor's   transfer   of  property   to   an 

assignee  for  the  benefit  of  his  creditors. 
Association. — An  organization  for  a  common  object. 
Attachment. — Taking   and  holding  of  goods  by   legal 

process ;  also  the  writ. 
Audit. — To  verify  accounts  by  examination  of  entries 

and  vouchers. 
Bale. — Market  form  of  raw  cotton,  usually  500  pounds. 
Bank  Note. — The  demand   note   issued  by  a  bank  as 

money. 
Bankrupt. — An  insolvent  person  or  corporation. 
Barter. — To    trade   by   exchange    of    commodities,    in- 
stead of  money. 

Bear. — One  who  seeks  to  lower  market  prices. 
Bill. — A  written  statement  of  articles  sold. 


Bill  of  Exchange. — The  set  (usually  three)  of  drafts 
drawn  for  foreign  purposes.  Domestic  or  inland 
bills  of  exchange  (usually  two)  are  drawn  between 
remote  parts  of  the  same  country. 

Bill  of  Lading. — A  transportation  company's  negotiable 
receipt  for  goods  delivered  for  shipment. 

Bill  of  Sale. — A  written  instrument  by  means  of  which 
title  to  goods  and  chattels  is  conveyed. 

Block. — A  bunch  or  lump  of  shares  of  stock,  and 
bought  or  sold  in  such  bunch,  lump  or  block. 

Board  of  Trade. — An  association  of  business  men  who 
voluntarily  look  to  the  commercial  interests  of  their 
locality. 

Bona-fide. — In  good  faith. 

Bond. — A  sealed  instrument  binding  the  maker  to  do 
or  not  to  do  what  is  specified  in  it;  also  a  certificate 
of  ownership  issued  to  a  holder  of  a  mentioned  part 
of  the  secured  indebtedness  of  a  corporation. 

Bonded. — Goods  deposited  in  a  bonded  warehouse  till 
withdrawn  on  payment  of  duties,  are  said  to  be  in 
bond,  or  bonded. 

Bonded  Warehouse. — The  government,  or  private, 
bonded  warehouse  in  which  goods  are  stored  upon 
entry  till  withdrawn  on  payment  of  duty. 

Bonus. — The  premium  or  extra  sum  paid  on  a  loan. 

Boom. — Sudden  inflation  of  values  and  rush  of  busi- 
ness. 

Bottomry  Bond. — The  lien  on  a  vessel  to  secure  money 
advanced  to  its  master. 

Brand. — Class  or  kind  of  goods;  one's  trade-mark. 

Broker. — An  agent  for  another  in  the  buying  and  selling 
of  articles  or  property  on  commission. 

Brokerage. — A  broker's  fees;   also,  his  business. 

Bucket  Shop. — The  illegal  or  covert  place  where  bets 
are  made  on  fluctuations  of  stocks  and  other  securities. 

Bull. — One  who  manipulates  the  market  for  higher 
prices  ;  opposite  of  bear. 

Bullion. — Gold  or  silver  in  bars. 

Call. — Right  to  buy  at  an  agreed  time  and  price. 

Call  Loans. — Loans  of  money  made  to  be  paid  at  the 
call  of  the  lender. 

Capital. — Money  or  property  invested  in  business. 

Cashier. — The  bank  officer  who  has  charge  of  the  cash. 

Cental. — One  hundred  pounds  avoirdupois. 

Centime. — A  hundreth  part  of  a  franc,  or  one-fifth  of 
a  cent. 

Certificate. — Written  attestation  of  a  fact. 

Certified  Check. — A  check  on  which  the  bank  has 
written  or  stamped  a  certificate  of  genuineness. 

Charter. — Authority  for  the  existence  of  a  corporation. 
Engagement  to  lease  a  vessel  for  a  voyage. 

Chattel. — Any  item  of  property  that  is  not  realty. 

Chattel  Mortgage. — A  mortgage  on  chattels  or  per- 
sonality. 


(54) 


WORDS  USED  IN  BUSINESS. 


55 


C.  I.  F. — Initials  of  "charges,  insurance  and  freight." 
Cipher. — Private    arrangement    of    words,    letters    or 

characters,    by    means    of    which    persons    can    com- 
municate by  letter,  telegraph,  etc.,  briefly  and  without 

exposure. 
Clear. — To  make  a  vessel  ready  for  sailing.     To  settle 

balances  in  a  clearing  house. 
Clearance. — Grant  of  leave  for  a  vessel  to  sail  issued 

by  the  port  authorities. 
Clearing  House. — An  organization  of  banks  in  money 

centres  which  settles  daily  the  balances  of  its  mem- 
bers, by  the  use  of  certificates. 
Clearings. — The    amount    of    checks    and    drafts    ex- 
changed between  the  banks  of  a  clearing  house. 
C.  O.  D. — Initials  of  "collect  on  delivery." 
Coin. — Metallic  currency. 
Collateral. — The  security  placed  in  pledge  when  money 

is  borrowed. 
Combine. — A   common   term   equivalent   to   "trust"   in 

its  offensive  sense. 
Commerce. — Trade  interchange ;  largely  significant  of 

traffic  between  different  countries. 
Commercial    Paper. — Business     paper    of    negotiable 

quality. 
Commission. — The   per   cent,    or    amount   charged   by 

brokers  or  agents   for  buying  and   selling  stocks  or 

commodities. 
Common   Stock. — Ordinary   shares   of   a   corporation, 

second  in  place  to  preferred  stock. 
Consign. — To  send  goods  to  a  consignee.     The  sender 

is  a  consignor. 
Consignment. — The  sending  and  the  things  sent  by  a 

consignor  to  a  consignee. 
Contra. — Against,  or  on  the  other  side. 
Conversion. — Exchange  of  a  bond  for  its   equivalent 

in  stock  of  the  same  company. 
Copartnership. — Partnership. 
Corner. — The  withholding   of  a  commodity  from   the 

market,  in  order  to  create  an  appearance  of  scarcity 

and    raise    price. 
Corporation. — A  body  of  men  duly  authorized  by  law 

to  act  as  an  individual. 
Coupon. — A  detachable  evidence  of  interest  due  on  a 

bond. 
Coupon    Bonds. — Bonds    whose    evidence    of    interest 

is  shown  by  coupon  attachments,  to  be  cut  off  and 

presented  for  payment  when  the  interest  is  due. 
Cover. — To  buy  for  the  purpose  of  making  good  short 

contracts. 
Credit. — Business   integrity;   selling  not   for   cash;   an 

amount    due. 
Creditor. — The  one  to  whom  a  debt  is  due. 

Cumulative    Stock. — Stock    on    which    a    corporation 

agrees   to   pay  past   dividends   before   declaring   new 

ones. 
Curbstone   Market. — The  outside  or  sidewalk  market 

for  stocks,  conducted  by  speculators. 
Currency. — That  which  is  current  as  money. 
Debenture. — A  certificate  which   evidences  a  debt. 
Debit — Amount  due.     To  charge  up  a  debt. 
Debtor. — One    who   owes. 
Default. — Failure  to  pay. 
Demurrage. — Charge   for   delay   or   detention   of   cars 

and  vessels  beyond  usual  time. 


Deposit. — Amount  in  bank;  to  place  money  in  bank. 
Discount. — The   amount   charged   in   advance   for  the 

use  of  money  loaned. 
Dishonor. — Refusal    to    accept    a   draft    or    to    pay   a 

written  obligation. 

Dividend. — The  periodic  gain  which  is  divided  among 
the  stockholders  of  a  company.  Usually  declared  by 
percentage. 

Drawback. — A  rebate  allowed  on  freight  rates.  A 
refund  of  duties  allowed  on  the  export  of  manu- 
factures  made    from   duty-paid   articles. 

Dun. — To   persistently  press   a   debtor  for  payment. 

Dunnage. — The  wood,  sacking  or  other  material  used 
in  packing  a  ship's  cargo  so  as  to  keep  it  from  shifting. 

Duty. — The  tariff  or  tax  on  imported  goods. 

E.  and  O.  E. — Initials  of  "errors  and  omissions  ex- 
cepted." 

Effects. — See  Assets. 

Embargo. — Detention  by  law  of  a  vessel  in  port. 

Embezzlement. — Fraudulent  appropriation  of  money 
to  one's  own  use. 

Entry. — Qualification  of  a  ship  to  land  its  cargo.  To 
make  record  of  a  transaction.  An  importer's  list 
of  goods  and  duties  due  presented  to  the  custom 
house   for  passage  and  delivery  of  goods. 

Equity  of  Redemption. — The  right  of  a  mortgagor  in 
his   property   over   and   above   the   mortgage. 

Excise. — Commodity  tax  within  a  country. 

Ex-dividend. — Ex-dividended  stock  is  that  which  is 
sold  without  the  dividend,  it  having  been  retained  by 
the    seller. 

Executor. — The  one  whom  a  testator  appoints  in  his 

will  to  execute  it. 
Exports. — Commodities  sent  out  of  a  country. 
Ex-store. — When  a  buyer  buys  goods  in  stock  agreeing 

to  pay  all  expenses  of  delivery,  he  buys  "ex-store," 

out  of  store. 

Extension. — Giving  more  time  for  the  payment  of  a 
debt. 

Face  Value. — The  amount  written  on  the  face  of  com- 
mercial paper. 

False  Pretence. — Fraudulent  statement  made  to  ob- 
tain goods  on  credit. 

Finance. — To  furnish  the  money  to  start  an  enterprise. 
Finances. — Moneyed  means  of  a  person  or  corporation. 
Financier. — A  manager  and  manipulator  of  finances. 
Firm. — A  partnership. 

Flat. — Stocks  are  sold  "flat"  when  the  accrued  interest 
is  not  considered. 

Flotsam. — Shipwrecked  or  overboard  goods  which  float 

on  the   surface. 
Flyer. — A  turn  or  chance  in  speculation. 

F.  O.  B. — Initials  for  "free  on  board." 

Foreclose. — To  sue  out  a  mortgage  whose  conditions 
have  been  broken. 

Foreign  Exchange. — Drafts  drawn  on  foreign  money 
centres. 

Forgery. — Fraudulent  making,  altering  or  passing  of 

commercial  paper. 
Franchise. — The  legal  right  granted  to  individuals  or 

corporations   to  operate  along  prescribed   lines. 

Funded. — Gathered  into  a  permanent  interest-bearing 
loan. 

Futures. — Contracts  to  sell  for  future  delivery. 


66 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


Good  Will. — The  trading  or  money-making  advantage 
of  an  establishment  over  and  above  all  its  other 
resources. 

Granger  Roads. — Western  railroads,  especially  those 
carrying  farm  products. 

Gross. — Not  net.     The  total  without  tare  allowance. 

Guarantee. — A   warrant   or   assurance   of   payment   or 

performance. 
Hedge. — To  buy  "long"  in  one  market  and  sell  "short" 

in  another,  in  order  to  avert  a  loss. 

Honor. — To  accept  and  pay  a  draft. 

Hypothecation. — Depositing    collateral    security    for   a 

loan. 
Imports. — To  bring  goods  into  a  country. 
Impost. — Import  tax  on  goods. 

Indemnity. — The  guaranty  against  loss,  damage  or 
injury. 

Indenture. — A  written  instrument. 

Injunction. — A  court  process  requiring  the  performance 

or  stoppage  of  an  act. 
In  Sight. — The  quantity  or  amount  of  commodities  of 

any  kind  which  are  available  for  the  markets. 
Insolvent. — Unable  to  pay  one's  liabilities. 
Installment. — Separate  payable  part  of  a  debt. 
Intestate. — Dying  without  a   will. 

Inventory. — List  of  assets  or  goods,  showing  kind  and 
estimated  value. 

Investment. — Buying  to  hold,  not  for  speculation. 

Invoice. — A  seller's  list  of  goods  sold  and  their  prices 
for  the   use   of   the   buyer. 

Irish  Dividend. — Facetious  expression  for  an  assess- 
ment. 

Jetsam. — Goods  thrown  overboard  to  save  a  ship,  and 

which  sink. 
Jettison. — The  allowance  made   for  jetsam. 
Jobber. — The   intermediary  buyer   and   seller   between 

manufacturers   and   retailers. 
Job-lot. — A    mixed,    low-priced    assortment    of    goods 

sold  generally  by  the  lump. 

Kiting. — An  exchange  of  checks  between  two  persons 
in  order  to  gain  time. 

Lease.— A  written  conveyance  of  property  for  a  speci- 
fied  time   upon   rental. 

Legal  Tender. — The  lawful  amount  to  offer  in  payment 
of  a  debt. 

Lessor. — Maker  of  a  lease.     The  lessee  receives  it. 
Liabilities. — Debts. 

License. — Lawful  consent  to  conduct  business  or  do  an 
act. 

Lien. — A  legal  claim  against  property. 

Lighterage. — Carrying  of  goods  in  light  vessels  from 
or  to  heavier  vessels;  also,  the  charge  for  same. 

Liquidation. — Ascertaining  and  closing  out  of  indebted- 
ness. In  a  speculative  sense  the  selling  out  of  prop- 
erty previously  bought. 

Long. — One  who  has  bought  for  a  rise. 

Manifest. — Itemized  list  of  a  ship's  cargo. 

Margin. — Difference  between  what  a  speculator  ad- 
vances for  a  stock  and  its  true  value.  Also,  the 
money  or  security  given  to  a  broker  to  protect  con- 
tracts. 

Maturity.— Arrival  of  the  time  of  payment  of  com- 
mercial paper. 


Monopoly. — Power  of  dealing  to  the  exclusion- of  all 
others. 

Mortgage. — A  defeasible  deed  given  to  secure  a  debt. 
It  becomes  void  on  payment  of  the  debt.  The  one 
who  mortgages  his  property  is  called  the  mortgagor; 
the  party  to  whom  it  is  given  the  mortgagee. 

Negotiable. — An  agreement  which  can  be  transferred 
by  simple  delivery  like  a  bank  note,  or  by  endorse- 
ment, is  called  negotiable. 

Net  Cash. — Usage  calls  it  "net  cash"  when  payment 
for  goods  bought  is  made  in  full  within  30  days. 

Notary  Public. — An  officer  whose  function  is  to  ad- 
minister oaths,  take  acknowledgments,  protest  notes, 
etc. 

O.  K. — Stands  for  "oil  korrect."  A  common  way  of 
marking  paper  as  correct. 

On  Call. — See  Call  Loans. 

Option. — Right  to  be  a  first  buyer  or  seller;  a  privilege. 

Outlawed. — A  debt  unpaid  after  the  statute  of  limita- 
tion has  begun  to  run. 

Overdrawn. — To  draw  a  check  for  more  than  the 
drawer's  deposit  in  bank. 

Overdue. — Paper  unpaid  after  maturity. 

Overissue. — Issuing  of  stock  beyond  the  amount  of  au- 
thorized capital. 

Par. — When  paper  or  any  evidence  of  debt  is  worth 
its  face  value. 

Partial  Payment. — Payment  of  part  of  a  debt. 

Partner. — A  business  associate. 

Passed  Dividend. — A  dividend  that  a  corporation  has 
failed  to  declare. 

Pegged. — A  stubborn  or  glutted  market. 

Personalty. — A  property  that  is  not  real  estate. 

Pit. — The  part  of  an  exchange  in  which  brokers  trade 
on  their  individual  account. 

Point. — A  raise  or  fall  of  a  stock  equal  to  a  dollar  a 
share. 

Pool. — Stock  or  money  paid  in  by  a  combination  to 
accomplish  a  certain  purpose. 

Post  Date. — A  date  after  the  real  day. 

Pound. — The  English  gold  sovereign  is  the  equivalent 
of  a  sterling  pound  ($4,866). 

Power  of  Attorney. — A  duly  acknowledged  instru- 
ment authorizing  one  party  to  act  for  another. 

Preferred  Stock. — Stock  shares  which  draw  dividends 
ahead  of  common  stock,  and  are  otherwise  preferred. 

Privileges. — See  Calls  and  Puts. 

Promoters. — Those  whose  business  is  to  organize  com- 
panies. 

Pro   Rata. — Proportionate   and   equitable   division. 

Protest. — A  notary's  act  and  notice  showing  non-ac- 
ceptance or  non-payment  of  negotiable  paper  in  time, 
and  that  endorsers  are  held  responsible  for  payment. 

Put. — A  purchased  privilege  or  option  to  deliver  a 
property  or  contract  to  the  seller  at  a  stated  time 
and  price. 

Pyramiding. — Using  profits   to   enlarge   operations. 

Quarantine. — Place  where  a  vessel  is  stopped  to  be 
examined  for  and  cleared  of  infectious  diseases.  Also, 
the  stopping  of  such  vessel. 

Quarter. — Fourth  of  100  or  112  pounds;  also  a  fourth 
of  a  ton  or  the  equivalent  of  eight  bushels  of  wheat. 

Quintal. — In  the  metric  system  220.46  lbs  avoirdupois; 
otherwise  100  or  1 12  pounds,  according  to  scale. 


WORDS  USED  IN  BUSINESS. 


67 


Rebate. — Return  of  part  of  what,  has  been  paid. 
Registered    Bonds. — Government   bonds    payable   only 

to  a  registered  owner. 
Remittance. — Money  or  other  value  sent. 
Renewal. — Giving  of  a  new  note  in  place  of  one  whose 

time  has  run  out. 
Replevin. — Recovery    by    writ    of    goods    wrongfully 

taken. 
Salting. — Strewing  a  mine  with  good  ore  in  order  to 

deceive. 
Salvage. — Money  paid   for  saving  property   in  danger 

of  loss  at  sea. 
Scalper. — A   trader  in  options ;   an   irregular   seller  of 

tickets.      Scalping    is    buying    and    selling    stocks    at 

small  profit  or   loss. 
Schedule. — A  list  of  goods  and  prices. 
Scrip. — Evidence   of   stock  ownership    with   no   voting 

power    or     right    to    participate     in     dividends,     till 

further  action  upon  it  has  been  taken. 
Seigniorage. — Difference  between  the  bullion  and  face 

value  of  coin. 
Set-off. — A  claim  which  cancels  or  sets  off  all  or  part 

of  a  counter  claim. 
Short. — One  is  "a  short"  who   sells  what  he  has  not, 

and   does  not   intend   to  deliver   until   he   afterwards 

buys  it. 
Short  Market. — A  market  in  which   contracts  to   de- 
liver are  in  excess  of  the  supply. 
Silver  Certificates. — Government  non-legal  tender  cer- 
tificates,  passing   as    money,   issued   against   treasury 

silver  dollars. 
Sine  Die. — Without  fixing  a  date. 
Sinking   Fund. — That  part  of  income  or  revenue  set 

aside  for  the  payment  of  an  obligation. 
Solvent. — Able  to  meet  one's  liabilities. 
Sovereign. — See  Pound. 
Speculate. — To  buy  or  sell  with  the  hope  or  ambition 

to   make   profit. 
Spot  Cash. — Cash  on  delivery  of  goods. 
Sterling  Exchange. — Draft  or  bill  of  exchange  drawn 

on  London. 
Stock. — Company  or  corporation  certificate  to  the  effect 

that  the  person  mentioned  in  it  is  a  registered  mem- 
ber of  the  company  and  entitled  to  participate  in  its 

powers  and  profits. 


Stock  Exchange. — A  corporation  organized  for  the 
purpose  of  buying  and  selling  stocks,  etc. 

Storage. — The  charge   for  keeping  goods   in  store. 

Straddle. — To  buy  in  one  market  for  future  delivery 
and  sale  in  another. 

Supercargo. — One  in  charge  of  the  buying  and  selling 
of  a  ship's  cargo. 

Surety. — One  who  signs  with  the  principal  of  an  in- 
strument as  a  guarantee  of  faithful  performance. 

Syndicate. — A  combination  of  persons  for  the  purpose 
of  aggregating  capital  for  large  undertakings. 

Tariff. — Duty  on  goods  imported  or  exported. 

Tonnage. — A  ship's  capacity;  extent  of  cargo. 

Tontine. — An  endowment  life  insurance  policy  which 
entitles  the  holder  to  participate  pro  rata  in  the 
premiums  on  lapsed  policies  paid  in  during  the  en- 
dowment period. 

Trade  Discount. — A  usual  per  cent,  reduction  on  the 

price  of  goods  sold  by  merchants. 
Trade  Mark. — A  registered  design  used  on  his  goods 

or  labels  by  a  manufacturer. 

Trade  Sales. — Specially  appointed  sales  by  particular 
classes  of  dealers. 

Trunk  Lines. — Main  or  through  lines  of  railway,  espe- 
cially those  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  central  and  far 
West. 

Trust. — In  its  perverted  sense,  a  combination  of  similar 
interests  for  the  purpose  of  restraining  production, 
checking  competition,  and  selfishly  advancing  prices. 

Underwriter. — One  who  issues  insurance,  especially 
marine. 

Usury. — Interest  beyond  the  legal  rate. 
Voucher. — Any  receipt  or  paper  which  is  held  to  show 
and  establish  the  fact  of  a  transaction. 

Warehouse. — Storage  place  for  commodities. 

Warehouse  Receipt. — The  receipt  given  by  a  ware- 
house when  goods  are  stored  therein.  Their  assign- 
ment passes  title  to  the  goods. 

Watered  Stock. — When  capital  stock  is  increased  with- 
out increase  of  assets. 

Wharfage. — Charge  for  the  use  of  a  wharf. 

Without  Recourse. — When  an  endorser  writes  "with- 
out recourse"  over  his  signature  it  relieves  him  of 
responsibility. 


LAW  WORDS  AND  LEGAL  MEANINGS. 


Abduction. — This  is  the  taking  and  carrying  away  of 
a  child,  ward,  wife,  etc.,  by  force,  fraud,  persuasion 
or  open  violence. 

Abortion. — The  criminal  act  of  miscarrying  or  produc- 
ing young  before  the  natural  time.  It  is  classed  as 
murder. 

Abuse. — To  treat  rudely,  or  with  reproachful  language, 
to  revile.  The  crime  applies  to  property  as  well  as 
persons;  as,  a  person  is  liable  for  whatever  injury 
arises  from  the  abuse  of  property. 

Accessory. — Is  an  abettor  or  accomplice  in  a  crime, 
and  in  most  of  the  States  an  accessory  is  equally 
punishable  with  the  principal.  An  accessory  before 
the  fact  is  one  who,  being  absent  at  the  time  the 
crime  is  committed,  yet  commands,  counsels  or 
procures  another  to  commit  it.  An  accessory  after 
the  fact  is  one  who,  knowing  an  offence  to  have  been 
committed,  assists,  conceals,  receives  or  relieves  the 
crirriinal. 

Accusation. — Is  the  charge  in  writing,  upon  oath  or 
affirmation,  against  one  or  more  persons  of  a  felony 
or  misdemeanor.  It  must  be  presented  to  some  court 
having  jurisdiction  of  the  offence,  and  must  be  made 
by  a  person  competent  to  testify. 

Acquittal. — Is  the  deliverance  from  the  charge  of  an 

offence,  either  by  the  court  or  jury. 
Admonition. — A  reprimand  from  a  person  to  a  person 

accused,    on   being   discharged,    warning   him   of   the 

consequences  of  his  conduct. 

Adulteration. — The  unlawful  act  of  corrupting  or  de- 
basing an  article  of  food  so  as  to  render  it  impure 
and  unwholesome. 

Adultery. — Voluntary  sexual  intercourse  of  a  married 
person  with  a  person  other  than  the  offender's  hus- 
band or  wife. 

Affray. — A  fight  by  agreement  between  two  or  more 
persons  in  a  public  place.  Fighting  in  private  is 
assault  and  battery. 

Affront. — An  uncivil  encounter,  ill-treatment,  insult, 
outrage,  offence. 

Aiding  and  Abetting. — The  act  of  being  in  such  com- 
munication, and  so  situated  during  the  commission 
of  a  crime,  as  to  readily  aid  the  perpetrator. 

Amercement. — The  pecuniary  penalty  or  fine  imposed 
on  an  offender  by  the  court. 

Amnesty. — General  pardon  of  the  offences  of  subjects 
against  the  government. 

Arraignment. — Act  of  calling  a  defendant  before  the 
court  for  trial. 

Arrest. — The  taking  of  a  person  into  custody  that  he 
may  be  held  to  answer  for  a  public  offence. 

Arson. — The  malicious  burning  of  another's  house. 
The  term  "house"  in  law  comprehends  all  other 
buildings. 

Assassination. — A  murder  committed  for  hire,  or  with- 
out provocation  or  cause  of  resentment  given  by  the 
murdered  person. 


Assault. — An  unlawful  setting  upon  a  person;  an  at- 
tempt or  offer  to  beat  a  person  without  touching  his 
body.  An  aggravated  assault  is  one  committed  with 
the  intention  of  committing  some  additional  crime. 
Assault  is  generally  coupled  with  battery,  for  they 
generally  go  together. 

Banishment. — A  punishment  inflicted  upon  criminals 
by  compelling  them  to  quit  their  place  or  country  for 
a  stated  time  or  for  life. 

Barratry. — The  stirring  up  of  quarrels  and  lawsuits. 

Battery. — An  unlawful  beating,  or  other  wrongful  phys- 
ical violence  inflicted  on  a  person  without  his  con- 
sent. 

Bigamy. — Willfully  contracting  a  second  marriage 
when  the  party  knows  that  a  first  already  exists. 

Blasphemy. — Speaking  evil  of  the  Deity  with  impious 
purpose  to  derogate  from  the  divine  majesty. 

Bribery. — The  receiving  or  offering  of  an  undue  reward 
by  or  to  any  person  connected  with  administrative 
affairs  in  order  to  influence  his  behavior  or  induce 
him  to  act  contrary  to  duty. 

Burglary. — Breaking  and  entering  the  house  of  an- 
other in  the  night  time,  with  the  intent  to  commit  a 
felony  therein. 

Cheat. — Defrauding,  or  endeavoring  to  defraud,  an- 
other of  his  known  right  by  some  willful  device  con- 
trary to  rules  of  common  honesty. 

Complaint. — An  accusation  made  to  a  proper  officer 
that  some  person,  known  or  unknown,  has  been 
guilty  of  a  designated  offence. 

Conspiracy. — A  combination  of  two  or  more  persons 
to  accomplish  some  criminal  or  unlawful  purpose. 

Conviction. — That  legal  proceeding  of  record  which 
ascertains  the  guilt  of  a  party  and  becomes  the  basis 
of  judgment  or  sentence. 

Culprit. —  The  person  guilty,  or  supposed  to  be  guilty, 
of  a  public  offence. 

Desertion. — Unlawful  abandonment  of  wife  or  child, 
or  of  the  public  service  in  army  or  navy. 

Duelling. — The  fighting  of  two  persons,  at  an  appointed 
time,  upon  a  precedent  quarrel. 

Embezzlement. — Fraudulently  removing  and  secreting 
personal  property  with  which  the  party  was  entrusted 
for  the  purpose  of  applying  it  to  his  own  use. 

Embracery. — An  attempt  to  influence  or  corrupt  a  jury, 
or  in  any  way  incline  them  to  favor  one  side  or  the 
other,  by  money  promises,  threats  or  persuasions, 
whether  the  juror  on  whom  such  attempt  is  made 
give  a  verdict  or  not,  or  whether  the  verdict  be  true 
or  false. 

Extortion. — The  unlawful  taking  by  an  officer,  under 
color  of  his  office,  of  anything  of  value  that  is  not 
due  him,  or  of  more  than  is  due,  or  before  it  is  due. 

False  Pretence. — A  false  representation  and  statement 
made  with  a  fraudulent  design  to  obtain  money,  goods, 
wares  and  merchandise,  with  intent  to  cheat. 


(58) 


LAW  WORDS  AND  LEGAL  MEANINGS. 


Felony. — An  offence  punishable  by  death  or  by  im- 
prisonment in  the  State  prison  or  penitentiary.  It  is 
clearly  defined  by  the  statutes  of  most  States. 

Fine. — A  pecuniary  punishment  imposed  by  a  lawful 
tribunal  upon  a  person  convicted  of  a  criminal  offence. 

Forfeiture. — A  punishment  annexed  by  law  to  some 
illegal  act  or  negligence. 

Forgery. — Falsely  making  or  materially  altering,  with 
intent  to  defraud,  any  writing  which,  if  genuine, 
might  be  of  legal  efficacy  or  the  foundation  of  a  legal 
liability. 

Fornication. — Unlawful  carnal  knowledge  by  an  un- 
married person  of  another,  whether  the  latter  be 
married  or  unmarried. 

Fraud. — Any  deceitful  practice  by  means  of  which  one 
seeks  to  defraud  another  of  his  known  right,  con- 
trary to  the  rules  of  common  honesty. 

Gaming. — An  agreement  between  two  or  more  persons 
to  play  by  certain  rules  at  cards,  dice  or  other  con- 
trivance that  the  result  shall  determine  the  owner 
of  an  amount  staked. 

Guilt. — Criminality,  offence,  liability  to  punishment. 
One  is  presumed  to  be  innocent  until  guilt  is  proved. 

Homicide. — The  killing  of  a  human  being  by  a  human 
agency.     It  may  be  excusable  or  felonious. 

Housebreaking. — Breaking  and  entering  a  dwelling- 
house  of  another  by  night  or  day  with  intent  to 
commit  a  felony  therein.  Housebreaking  by  night  is 
burglary. 

Impeachment. — A  written  accusation  by  the  State  or 
Federal  House  of  Representatives  to  the  Senate 
against  a  State  or  Federal  official. 

Incest. — Sexual  commerce  between  persons  related 
within  the  degrees  wherein  marriage  is  prohibited  at 
law. 

Indecency. — That  which  is  unfit  to  be  seen,  offensive 
to  modesty  and  delicacy. 

Indictment. — A  written  accusation  or  formal  charge  of 
a  crime  or  misdemeanor  preferred  to  a  court  by  a 
grand  jury  under  oath. 

Kidnapping. — The  act  of  stealing  or  forcible  abduction 
of  a  human  being  from  his  home  or  country. 

Larceny. — Unlawful  or  felonious  taking  and  carrying 
away  by  one  person  of  the  personal  goods  and  chattels 
of  another  with  intent  to  convert  them  to  his 
own  use,  and  without  the  consent  of  the  owner. 

Limitation. — The  time  within  which  a  claim  or  an  ac- 
cusation may  be  made,  or  an  indictment  found  for  a 
crime.  Limitation  never  expires  for  the  crimes  of 
murder  and  treason. 

Maintenance. — Officious  interference  in  a  suit  in  which 
the  offender  has  no  interest,  to  assist  one  of  the 
parties  against  the  other. 

Malpractice. — Bad  or  unskillful  practice  by  a  physician 
or  other  professional  person  whereby  the  health  or 
members  of  a  patient  is  injured. 


Malice. — The  intentional  doing  of  an  unlawful  or 
felonious  act  without  just  cause  or  excuse. 

Manslaughter. — An  unlawful  killing  of  one  human  be- 
ing by  another,  without  malice  or  intention. 

Mayhem. — Violently  and  unlawfully  depriving  another 
of  the  use  of  any  bodily  member,  or  willfully  dis- 
abling the  tongue  or  eye,  or  slitting  or  biting  the 
nose,  ear  or  lip  of  another. 

Merger. — The  absorption  of  a  lesser  offence,  or  title, 
or  quantity  into  another. 

Misdemeanor. — An  offence  punishable  by  fine  or  im- 
prisonment in  the  common  jail,  or  both.  It  is  an 
inferior  offence  to  felony. 

Mutiny. — Unlawful  insurrection  or  revolt  of  soldiers 
or  sailors  against  the  authority  of  their  commanders. 

Pardon. — An  act  of  grace  proceeding  from  the  power 
entrusted  with  the  execution  of  the  laws,  which  ex- 
empts an  offender  from  the  penalty  of  his  crime. 

Perjury. — The  crime  of  making  a  false  oath  when  law- 
fully administered  in  any  judicial  proceeding. 

Piracy. — The  crime  of  robbery  or  forcible  depredation 
on  the  high  seas.     It  corresponds  to  robbery  on  land. 

Rape. — Carnal  knowledge  of  a  woman  by  a  man, 
forcibly  and  against  her  will. 

Reprieve. — Withdrawal  of  sentence  for  a  time.  It 
operates  in  delay  of  execution. 

Riot. — An  act  done  in  a  violent  and  tumultuous  way 
by  three  or  more  persons,  to  the  terror  of  the  people, 
whether  the  act  intended  was  lawful  or  unlawful. 

Robbery. — The  forcible  and  felonious  taking  from  the 
person  of  another  of  goods,  money  or  any  article  of 
value,  by  violence  or  putting  in  fear. 

Subornation  of  Perjury. — The  offence  of  procuring 
another  to  commit  legal  perjury,  who,  in  consequence 
of  the  persuasion,  takes  the  oath  to  which  he  has 
been  incited. 

Smuggling. — The  fraudulent  taking  into  a  country  or 
out  of  it  any  article  of  merchandise  prohibited  by  law. 

Sodomy. — Carnal  intercourse  of  human  beings  with 
each  other  against  nature,  or  with  a  beast. 

Stealing. — See  Larceny.  « 

Tort. — A  private  or  civil  wrong  or  injury,  independent 
of  a  contract.  The  commission  or  omission  of  an 
act  by  one  without  right  whereby  another  receives 
some  injury  directly  or  indirectly,  in  person,  property 
or  reputation. 

Treason. — The  levying  of  war  against  a  State  or  na- 
tion, adhering  to  its  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and 
comfort. 

Trespass. — Injurious  visitation  or  encroachment  on  the 
property  of  another.  Where  willful  or  mischievous 
it  is  malicious  trespass. 

Vagrant. — A  wandering  person  without  a  home,  who 
refuses  to  work  and  depends  on  begging  for  food, 
shelter  and  clothing. 


MALE  AND   FEMALE   CHRISTIAN   NAMES 
THEIR   ORIGIN  AND  SIGNIFICANCE. 


Note.— Heb.— Hebrew ;  Gr.— Greek  ;  L.— Latin  ;  G.— German  ;  Celt.— Celtic  ;  F.— French  ;  A.  S.— Anglo-Saxon  ;  W.— Welsh; 
Aram.— Aramaic ;  Per.— Persian  ;  Sw.— Swedish  ;  D.— Dutch;  It.— Italian. 


I.   MALE   NAMES. 

Aar'on  (Heb.).     Lofty;  inspired. 

Ab-'di-el  (Heb.).     Servant  of  God. 

A'bel  (Heb.).    Breath;  vanity. 

A-bi'a-thar  (Heb.).  Father  of  plen- 
ty. 

A-biel  (Heb.).    Father  of  strength. 

A"bi-e'zer   (Heb.).     Father  of  help. 

A-bi'jah  (Heb.).  To  whom  God  is 
father. 

Ab'ner  (Heb.).     Father  of  light. 

A  bra-ham  (Heb.).  Father  of  a  mul- 
titude.   Dim.,  Abe. 

A'bram  (Heb.).  Father  of  eleva- 
tion.   Dim.,  Abe. 

Ab'sa-lom  (Heb.).    Father  of  peace. 

Ad'am  (Heb.).  Red  earth;  earth 
man.    Dim.,  Ad. 

A'di-el  (Heb.).    Ornament  of  God. 

A'din  (Heb.).    Tender;  soft. 

A-di'no.    Another  form  of  Adin. 

A-dolph    (G).    Noble  wolf  or  hero. 

A-dol  phus.  Latin  form  of  Adolph. 
Dim.,  Dol'phus. 

Ad'-o-ni'ram  (  Heb. ) .   Lord  of  height. 

Al'an  (Celt.).    Harmony.    Dim.,  Al. 

Al'a-ric  (G).     All  rich;  noble  ruler. 

Al'bert  (G.).    All  bright;  illustrious. 

Al'bi-on  (Celt.).    White  cliff  or  hill. 

Al'ex-an'der  ( Gr. ) .  Defender  of  men. 
Dim.,  Al'eck;  San'der;  San'dy. 

Al'fred  (G.).  Good  Counselor.  Dim., 
Alf. 

Al'ger-non  (F.).    Whiskered. 

Al'lan.     See  A'lan. 

Al'len.    See  A'lan. 

Al'mon  (Heb.).     Hidden. 

A-lon'zo  (G).     See  Alphonso. 

Al'phe-us  (Heb.).     Exchange. 

Al-phon'so  (G.).  All  ready;  willing. 

Al'vah  (Heb.).     Iniquity. 

Al'van.    Another  form  of  Alvah. 

Al'vin  (G.).     All  beloved. 

Al'win.     Another  form  of  Alvin. 

Am'a-ri'ah  (Heb.).  Whom  God 
promised. 

Am'a-sa  (Heb.).     Burden. 

Am'brose   (Ger.).     Immortal. 

A'mos  (Heb.).    Brave;  strong. 

An'drew  (Heb.).  Manly;  strong. 
Dim.,  An'dy. 

An'dro-ni'cus  (Gr.).  Conqueror  of 
men. 

An'selm  (G).    God's  protection. 

An'sel.    Another  form  of  Anselm. 


An'tho-ny     (L.).      Without    price; 

praiseworthy.    Dim.,  To'ny. 
An'to-ny.  Another  form  of  Anthony. 
A-pol'los    (Gr.).     Of,  or  belonging 

to,  Apollo. 
Ar'che-la'us  (Gr.).    People's  ruler. 
Ar'chi-bald  (G).    Very  bold.   Dim., 

Archy. 
A'ri-el  (Heb.).    Lion  of  God. 
Ar'is-tar'chus  (Gr.).    Good  prince. 
Ar'nold  (G).     Strong  as  an  eagle. 
Ar'te-mas  (Gr.).    Given  of  Artemis. 
Ar'thur  (Celt.).    Noble;  lofty.   Dim., 

Art. 
A'sa  (Heb.).    Healer. 
A'sa-hel  (Heb.).     God-made. 
A'saph  (Heb.).    A  collector. 
Ash'bel  (Heb.).    Fire  of  Bel. 
Ash'er  (Heb.).    Happy;  lucky. 
Ash'ur  (Heb.).    Blackness. 
Ath'a-na'si-us  (Gr.).     Immortal. 
Ath'el-stan  (A.  S.).    Noble  stone. 
Au'brey  (G).    Ruler  of  spirits. 
Au'gus-tin  (L).    Of  Augustus. 
Au'gus-tine.     Another  form  of  Au- 

gustin. 
Aus'tin.     Short  form  of  Augustin. 
Au-gus'tus  (L).    Exalted;  imperial. 

Dim.,  Gus,  Gus'tus. 
Au-re'li-us  (L.).    Golden. 
Az'a-ri'ah  (Heb.).     Helped  of  God. 

Bald'win  (G.).    Bold,  brave  friend. 

Bar'a-chi'as  (Heb.).    Blessed  by  God. 

Bar'dolph  (G).  Distinguished  helper. 

Bar'dulph.     Another   form  of    Bar- 
dolph. 

Bar'na-bas  (Heb.).    Son  of  consola- 
tion. 

Bar'na-by.    Another  form  of  Barna- 
bas. 

Bar'nard  (G).    Bold  as  a  bear. 

Bar-thol'o-mew     (Heb.).      Warlike 
son.     Dim.,  Bart,  Bat. 

Bar-zil'lai  (Heb.).    Firm,  true. 

Bas'il  (Gr.).     Royal;  kingly. 

Ben'e-dict     (L.).      Blessed.      Dim., 
Bennet. 

Ben'ja-min     (Heb.).      Son    of    the 
right  hand.     Dim.,  Ben,  Ben'ny. 

Ben-o'ni  (Heb.).    Son  of  sorrow. 

Be-ri'ah  (Heb.).    Calamity. 

Ber'nard.   See  Bar'nard.   Dim.,  Bar'- 
ney. 

Ber'tram  (G).    Bright  raven.  Dim., 
Bert. 

(60) 


Be-thu'el  (Heb.).    Man  of  God. 
Be-zal'e-el(Heb.).  Protected  by  God. 
Bon'a-face  (L.).     Benefactor. 
Bri'an  (Celt.).    Strong. 
Bru'no  (G).    Brown. 

Cad-wal'a-der  (W.).   Who  arranges 

battle. 
Cae'sar  (L.).  Born  through  a  cutting 

into  the  womb. 
Ca'leb  (Heb.).    Dog. 
Cal'vin  (L).    Bald. 
Ce'cil  (L).    Dim  of  sight. 
Ce'phas  (Aram.).     Stone. 
Charles  (G).   Of  noble  spirit;  strong. 

Dim.,  Charley. 
Chris'tian  (L.).     Belonging  to  Christ. 

Dim.,  Chris,  Chris'tie. 
Chris'to-pher   (Gr.).     Christ  bearer. 

Dim.,  Chris,  Kit,  Kes'ter. 
Clar'ence  (L.).    Famous. 
Claude  [Klod]   (L.).    Lame. 
Clau'di-us.  Full  Latin  form  of  Claude. 
Clem'ent  (L.).   Mild  tempered.  Dim., 

Clem. 
Con'rad  (G).     Bold  in  counsel. 
Con'stant  (L).     Faithful;  firm. 
Con'stan-tine  (L.).    Firm:  constant. 
Cor-ne'li-us  (L).     Hornlike. 
Cris'pm  (L.).    Curly  haired. 
Cris'pus.    Another  form  of  Crispin. 
Cris'pi-an.    Another  form  of  Crispin. 
Cuth'bert  (A.  S.)     Splendor. 
Cyp'ri-an   (Gr.).     Belonging  to  Cy- 
prus. 
Cyr'il  (Gr.).    Of  lordly  bearing. 
Cy'rus  (Per.).    The  sun.    Dim.,  Si. 

Dan  (Heb.).    Judge. 

Dan'i-el  (Heb.).  Divine  judge.  Dim., 
Dan. 

Da-ri'us  (Per.).     Preserver. 

Da'vid  (Heb.).  Beloved.  Dim., Dave, 
Da'vy. 

De-me'tri-us  (Gr.).  Related  to  Ceres 
or  corn. 

Den'is  or  Den'nis.  Contracted  form 
of  Dionysius. 

Dex'ter  (L.).     Right  hand. 

Di'o-nys'i-us  (Gr.).  Of,  or  belong- 
ing to,  Dionysos,  god  of  wine. 

Don'ald  (Celt.).    Great  chief. 

Dun'can  (Celt.).  Dun  or  brown 
chief. 

Eb'en  (Heb.).    Stone. 


CHRISTIAN  NAMES,  THEIR  ORIGIN   AND   SIGNIFICANCE. 


61 


Eben-e'zer  (Heb.).    Stone  of  help. 
Ed'gar  (A.  S.).     Protector;  dart. 
Ed'mund   (AS.).     Defender.     Dim., 

Ned,  Ed. 
Ed'ward    (AS.).     Guardian.     Dim., 

Ed,  Ned,  Ted. 
Edwin  (AS.).    Winner  of  property. 

Dim.,  Ed,  Eddy. 
Egbert  (G.).    Skilled  with  the  sword. 
El'bert.     See  Al'bert. 
El'dred  (AS.).    Fearful;  terrible. 
E'le-a'zer  (  Heb. ) .    Whom  God  helps. 
E'li  (Heb.  ).    Foster  son. 
E-li'ab    (Heb.).     To  whom  God   is 

father. 
E-li'a-kim  (Heb.  ).    Set  up  by  God. 
E-li'as.     Another  form  of  Elijah. 
E-lihu  (Heb.).     God  the  Lord. 
E-li'jah  (Heb.).  My  God  is  Jehovah. 

Dim.,  Lige. 
E-liph'a-let  (Heb.).    A  saving  God. 
E-li'sha   (Heb.).     God  my  salvation. 

Dim.,  Lish. 
E-li'zur  (Heb.).    God  my  rock. 
El'lis.     Short  form  of  Elisha. 
El'mer  (AS.).     Noble;  great. 
El'na-than  (Heb.).     God  given. 
Em-man'u-el   (Heb.).     God  is  with 

us. 
Em'e-ry  (AS.).     Rich;  strong. 
E-ne'as   (Gr.).     Praised. 
E'noch      (Heb.).     Devoted;     conse- 
crated. 
E'nos  (Heb.).     Man. 
E'phra-im    (Heb.).    Fruitful. 
E-ras'mus  (Gr.).    Worthy  of  love. 
E-ras'tus  (Gr.).    Amiable. 
E'ric  (AS.).    Brave;  powerful. 
Er'nest  (AS.).     Earnest,  intent. 
Er-nes'tus.    Latin  form  of  Ernest. 
E'sau  (Heb.).     Hairy. 
E'than   (Heb.).     Strength;  firmness. 
Eu-gene'  (or.).    Well-born.  _ 
Eu-se'bi-us   (Gr.).     God-fearing. 
Eus'tace  (Gr.).    Strong;  firm. 
Ev'an   or   Ev'ans    (W.).     Youthful 

warrior. 
Ev'er-ard     (G.).      Strength    of    the 

wild  boar. 
E-ze'ki-el  (Heb.).    Strength  of  God. 

Dim.,  Zeke. 
Ez'ra  (Heb.).    Help. 

Fe'lix  (L.).    Happy. 

Fer-di-nand  (G.).    Brave. 

Fer-nan-do.  Another  form  of  Fer- 
dinand. 

Fes'tus  (L.).    Glad;  joyful. 

Fran'cis  (F.).  Frank;  free.  Dim., 
Frank. 

Frank.     See  Francis. 

Fred'er-ic  (G.).  Full  of  peace.  Dim., 
Fred,  Fred'dy. 

Fred'er-Ick.  Another  spelling  of 
Frederic. 

Ga'bri-el  (Heb.).  Man  of  God.  Dim., 

Gabe. 
Ga'ius  [Gayus]   (L.).    Applauded. 
Ga-ma'li-el  (Heb.).     Recompense. 
Gar'ret.    Another  form  of  Gerald. 
Geoffrey.     Another   form  of  God'- 

frey. 


George  (Gr.).  Land-owner;  farmer. 
Dim.,  Geor'gie. 

Gerald  (G.).   Strong  with  the  spear. 

Ger'ard.    Another  form  of  Gerald. 

Ger'man  (Celt).    War-man. 

Ger'maine.  Another  form  of  Ger- 
man. 

Ger'shom   (Heb.).     Exile. 

Gid'e-on  (Heb.).     Destroyer. 

Gil'bert  (G.).  Golden;  famed.  Dim., 
Gil. 

Giles  (Gr.).    A  young  goat. 

God'dard  (  G. ) .     Heart  of  God  ;  pious. 

God'frey  (G.).    Peace  with  God. 

God' win  (AS.).    Brave  in  war. 

Greg'o-ry  (G.).    Watchful. 

Griffith  (W.).    Red;  ruddy. 

Gus-ta'vus    (Sw.).     Warrior;    hero. 

Guy  (F.).    Leader;  guide. 

Han'ni-bal  (Egyptian).  Favored  of 
Baal. 

Har'old  (AS.).    Leader;  champion. 

He'man  (Heb.).     Faithful. 

Hen'ry  (G.).  Head  of  a  home.  Dim., 
Har'ry,  Hal,  Hen. 

Her'bert  (AS.).     Army  hero. 

Her'cu-les  (Gr.).    Noble;  famous. 

Her'man  (G.).     War-man;  warrior. 

Hez'e-ki'ah  (Heb.).  Strength  of 
God. 

Hil'a-ry  (L.).    Happy;  merry. 

Hil'lel  (Heb.).     Praise. 

Hi'ram  (Heb.).    Noble. 

Ho'mer  (Gr.).     Security. 

Hor'ace.  Contracted  form  of  Hora- 
tio. 

Ho-ra'ti-o  (L.).  Hour-keeper; 
promptitude. 

Ho-se'a  (Heb.).    Salvation. 

How'ell  (W.).    Complete;  whole. 

Hubert  (G.).    Cheerful;  bright. 

Hugh  (D-).     Soul;  mind. 

Hu'go.    Latin  form  of  Hugh. 

Humph'rey  (AS.).    Home  protector. 

Humph'ry.  Another  spelling  of 
Humphrey. 

Ich'a-bod  (Heb.).  My  glory  has  de- 
parted. 

Ig-na'ti-us  (Gr.).     Fiery;  ardent. 

Im-man'u-el.  Another  form  of  Em- 
manuel. 

In'crease  (Old  English).     Increase. 

In'gram  (G.).     Black;  raven. 

I'ra  (Heb.).     Watchful. 

I'saac  (Heb.).    Laughter.   Dim..  Ike. 

I-sai'ah  (Heb.).     Salvation  of  God. 

Is'ra-el  (Heb.).    Soldier  of  God. 

Ith'i-el  (Heb.).    God  with  me. 

I'van.    Russian  spelling  of  John. 

Ja'bez   (Heb.).     He  gives  pain. 
Ja'cob    (Heb.).     Supplanter.     Dim., 

Jake. 
Ja'i-rus  (Heb.).    He  will  enlighten. 
James.   Another  form  of  Jacob.  Dim., 

Jim,  Jim'my,  Jeames. 
Ja'pheth  (Heb.).     Enlargement. 
Ja'red  (Heb.).    Line;  descent. 
Ja'son  (Gr.).    Doctor;  healer. 
Jas'per  (Gr).     Crystal. 
Ja'van  (Heb.),    Clay. 


Jed'e-di'ah  (Heb.).    Loved  by  God. 
Jeffrey.    Another  form  of  Godfrey. 
Jer'e-mi'ah   (Heb.).    Exalted  of  God. 

Dim.,  Jer'ry. 
Jer'e-mi'as.     Another  form  of  Jere- 
miah. 
Jer'e-my.     Short  form  of  Jeremiah. 
Jer-ome'  (Gr.).    Sacred  rami. 
Jes'se  (Heb.).    Riches. 
Jo'ab  (Heb.).    Jehovah  his  father. 
Job  (Heb.).     Afflicted. 
Jo'el  (Heb.).  Jehovah  is  God. 
John    (Heb.).     Gift  of   God.    Dim., 

Jack,  Jock,  John'ny. 
Jo'nah    (Heb.).     Dove. 
Jo'nas.     Another  form  of  Jonah. 
Jon'a-than  (Heb.).    Gift  of  God. 
Jo'seph  (Heb.).    Who  adds  to.  Dim., 

Joe. 
Josh'u-a    (Heb.).    God    who    saves. 

Dim.,  Josh. 
Jo-si'ah   (Heb.).     Given  of  God. 
Jo-si'as.     Another  form  of  Josiah. 
Jo'tham  (Heb.).    Upright  God. 
Ju'dah  (Heb.).     Praised, 
Ju'li-an    (L.).     Of   or   belonging   to 

Julius.     Dim.,  Jule. 
Ju'li-us  (Gr.).    Light,  or  soft,  haired. 

Dim.,  Jule. 
Jus' tin   (L.).    Just. 
Jus'tus  (L.).    Just. 

Ken'neth  (Celt).    Leader. 

La'ban   (Heb.).     White. 

Lam'bert  (G.).     Famous  landholder. 

Lan'ce-lot  (It).     Little  lance. 

Laun'ce-lot.  Another  form  of  Lance- 
lot. 

Lau'rence   (L.).     Laurel  crowned. 

Law'rence.  Another  spelling  of 
Laurence.     Dim.,  Lar'ry. 

Laz'a-rus  (Heb.).     God  will  help. 

Le-an'der  (Gr.).    Lion  man. 

Leb-be'us  (Heb.).     Praise. 

Lem'u-el  (Heb.).     Made  by  God. 

Leon'ard  (G.).     Lion-hearted.. 

Le-on'i-das   (Gr.).     Like  a  lion. 

Le'o-pold  (G.).   Bold  for  the  people. 

Le'vi   (Heb.).     Adherence. 

Lew'is  (G.).  Brave  soldier.  Dim., 
Lew'ie,  Lew. 

Li'o-nel  (L.).    Little,  or  young,  lion. 

Llew-el'lyn    (Celt).    Lightning. 

Lo-am'mi  (Heb.).     Not  my  people. 

Lo'do-wic,  or  vie.  Another  form 
of  Lewis. 

Lo-ren'zo.  Spanish  form  of  Lau- 
rence or  Lawrence. 

Lot   (Heb.).    Veil. 

Lou'is.     French  spelling  of  Lewis. 

Lu'bin  (A.  S.).    Dear  friend. 

Lu'cas.    Latin  form  of  Luke. 

Lu'ci-an  (L.).     Born  of  Lucius. 

Lu'ci-us  (L.).    Born  at  daybreak. 

Luke   (Gr.).    Light;  bright. 

Lu'ther   (G.).     Famous  warrior. 

Ly-cur'gus   (Gr.).    Driver  of  wolves. 

Mal'a-chi  (Heb.).     Sent  of  God. 
Ma-nas'seh     (Heb.).     Forgetfulness. 
Mar-cel'lus   (L.).    Little  hammer. 
Mar'ci-us.   Another  form  of  Marcus. 


62 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


Mar'cus    (L.).     Hammer. 
Mark.     English  form  of  Marcus. 
Mar'ma-duke   (A.  S.).     Great  noble. 
Mar'tin   (L.).     Born  of  Mars;  mar- 
tial. 
Mat'thew     (Heb.).    Gift    of    God. 

Dim.,  Mat. 
Mat-thi'as.    Greek  form  of  Matthew. 
Mau'rice  (L.).     Dark  like  a  Moor. 
Max'i-mil'i-an     (L.).    A     supposed 

compound  of  Maximus  and  JEme- 

lianus. 
Mer'e-dith  (Celt).    Protector  of  the 

sea. 
Mi'cah  (Heb.).    Like  Jehovah. 
Mi'cha-el  (Heb.).     Like  God.    Dim., 

Mike. 
Miles  (L.).     Soldier. 
Mor'gan   (W.).     Sailor;  seaman. 
Mo'ses    (Egyptian).     Drawn  out  of 

the  water.    Dim.,  Mose. 

Na'a-man  (Heb.).     Pleasant. 
Na'hum    (Heb.).    Consolation. 
Na-po'le-on    (Gr.).     Forest  lion. 
Na'than  (Heb.)     Gift. 
Na-than'a-el  (Heb.).     Gift  of  God. 
Na-than'i-el.     Another     spelling    of 

Nathanael.    Dim.,  Nat. 
Neal  (Celt.).     Chief. 
Neil.    Another  form  of  Neal. 
Ne'he-mi'ah     (Heb.).    Comfort     of 

God. 
Nich'o-las     (Gr.).     Victory    of    the 

people.     Dim.,   Nick. 
Nic'o-las.     Another    spelling    of 

Nicholas. 
No'ah  (Heb.).    Rest. 
No'el  (L.).    Christmas  birth  or  joy. 
Nor'man  (G.).     Northman. 

O'ba-di'ah  (Heb.).     Servant  of  God. 

O'bed    (Heb.).     God-serving. 

Oc-ta'vi-us   (L.)     Eighth  born. 

Oc-ta'vus.  Another  form  of  Oc- 
tavius. 

Ol'i-ver  (L.).     Olive  tree. 

O-res'tes    (Gr.).     Mountaineer. 

Or-lan'do.    Italian  form  of  Roland. 

Os'car    (Celt.).     Leaping   warrior. 

Os'mond    (G.).     God-protected. 

Os'mund.  Another  form  of  Os- 
mond. 

Os'wald  (G.).     Might  of  God. 

Os'wold.  Another  spelling  of  Os- 
wald. 

Ow'en  (Celt.).    Young  soldier. 

O-zi'as   (Heb.).     Strength  of  God. 

Pat'rick  (L.).  Noble  born.  Dim., 
Pat,   Pad'dy. 

Paul.  English  form  of  Paulus  and 
Paulinus. 

Pau'lus   (L.).    Little. 

Pau-li'nus  (L.).  See  Paul  and  Pau- 
lus. 

Pe'leg  (Heb.).    Division. 

Per'e-grine  (L.).  Stranger;  ramb- 
ler. 

Pe'ter  (Gr.).  Rock.  Dim.,  Pete, 
Peterkin. 

Phi-lan'der  (Gr.).    Lover  of  men. 

Phi-le'mon   (Gr.).    Loving. 


Phil'ip    (Gr.).     Lover   of   horses. 

Dim.,  Phil. 
Phin'e-as  (Heb.).     Brazen  mouthed. 
Phin'e-has.   Another    spelling   of 

Phineas. 
Pi'us  (L.).     Pious. 
Ptol'e-my   (Gr.).    Great  in  war. 

Quin'tin  (L.).     Fifth. 

Ralph.  Contracted  form  of  Ro- 
dolph  and  Rodolphus. 

Randal  (A.  S.).     House  wolf. 

Raph'a-el  (Heb.).     Healing  of  God. 

Ray'mond  (G.).     Good  protection. 

Ray'mund.  Another  spelling  of 
Raymond. 

Reg'i-nald    (G.).     Strong  ruler. 

Reu'ben    (Heb.).     Behold,  a  son! 

Reu'el  (Heb.).     Friend  of  God. 

Reyn'old.  Contracted  form  of  Regi- 
nald. » 

Rich'ard  (G.).  Strong  ruler.  Dim., 
Dick. 

Rob'ert  (G.).  Famous ;  bright.  Dim., 
Bob,  Bobby,  Rob,  Robin. 

Rod'er-ic  (G.).     Rich  in  fame. 

Rod'er-ick.  Another  spelling  of 
Roderic. 

Ro'dolph   (G).     Famed  hero. 

Ro-dolph'us.  Latin  form  of  Ro- 
dolnh. 

Rog'er  (G.).    Skilled  with  the  spear. 

Ro'land.  French  spelling  of  Row- 
land. 

Rowland  (G.).     Fame  of  the  land. 

Ru'dolph.  Another  form  of  Ro- 
dolph. 

Ru-dol'phus.  Another  form  of  Ro- 
dolphus. 

Ru^fus   (L.).    Red-haired. 

Ru'pert.     A  variation  of  Robert. 

Sal'mon  (Heb.).     Shady. 

Sam'son  (Heb.).    Joy;  happiness. 

Samp'son.  Another  form  of  Sam- 
son. 

Sam'u-el  (Heb.).  Asked  of  God. 
Dim.,  Sam,  Sam'my. 

Saul  (Heb.).     Asked  for. 

Se'ba   (Heb.).     Distinguished. 

Se-bas'tian    (Ci\).     Venerable. 

Se-re'no  (L.).     Serene;  peaceful 

Se-re'nus.     Another  form  of  Sereno. 

Seth  (Heb.).     Appointed. 

Sha'drach  (Heb.).     Rejoicing. 

Sig'is-mund  (G.).  "orcing  protec- 
tion. 

Si'las.     Contracted  form  of  Silvanus. 

Sil-va'nus  (L.).  Dwelling  in  a 
wood. 

Sil-ves'ter  (L.).     Country  bred. 

Sim'e-on  (Heb.).     Hearing  gladly. 

Sol'o-mon  (Heb.).  Peaceable.  Dim., 
Sol. 

Ste'phen  (Gr.).  Crown.  Dim., 
Steve,  Stevie. 

Swith'in   (A.  S.).     Firm  friend. 

Syl'van.     Another  form  of  Silvanus. 

Syl-va'nus.  Another  spelling  of  Sil- 
vanus. 

Syl-ves'ter.  Another  spelling  of  Sil- 
vester. 


Thad'de-us  (Syriac),  Wise.  Dim., 
Thad. 

The'o-bald  (G.).  Firm  for  the  peo- 
ple. 

The'o-dore  (Gr.).     Gift  of  God. 

The-od'o-ric  (A.  S.).  Strong  among 
the  people. 

The-oph'i-lus  (Gr.).     Lover  of  God. 

Thom'as  (Heb.).  Twin.  Dim., Tom, 
Tommy. 

Tim'o-thy  (Gr.).  God-fearing.  Dim., 
Tim. 

Ti'tus  (Gr.).     Safe. 

To-bi'ah  (Heb.).     Honored  of  God. 

To-t>i'as.  Greek  form  of  Tobiah. 
Dim.,  To'by. 

Tris'tam  (L.).     Grave;  sorrowful. 

Tris'tram.  another  form  of  Tris- 
tarn. 

Tyb'alt.  Contracted  form  of  Theo- 
bald. 

U-lys'ses  (Gr.).     Hater. 
Ur'ban  (L.).     City-dweller;  urbane 
U-ri'ah  (Heb.).     Light  of  God. 
U'ri-an  (D.).     Farmer. 
U'ri-el   (Heb.).    Light  of  God. 

Val'en-tine  (L.).     Healthy;  strong. 
Vic'tor  (L.).     Conqueror. 
Vin'cent    (L.).     Conquering. 
Viv'i-an  (L.).    Lively;  vivacious. 

Wal'ter  (G.).  Army  ruler.  Dim., 
Walt,  Wat. 

Wil'li-am  [Wil'yam]  (G .).  De- 
fender; protector.  Dim.,  Will, 
Wil'ly,  Bill,  Bil'ly. 

Win'fred  (A.  S.).     Peace  winner. 

Zab'di-el   (Heb.).    Gift  of  God. 

Zac-che'us    (Heb.):    Innocent. 

Zach'a-ri'ah  (Heb.).  God  -  remem- 
bered.  Dim.,  Zach. 

Zach'a-ry.  Another  form  of  Zach- 
ariah. 

Za'dok  (Heb.).    Just. 

Zeb'a-di'ah  (Heb.).    Gift  of  God. 

Zeb'e-dee.  Another  form  of  Zeba- 
diah. 

Ze-bi'na   (Heb.).    Bought. 

Zech  a-ri'ah  (Heb.).  Another  form 
of  Zachariah. 

Zed'e-ki'ah   (Heb.).    God's  justice. 

Ze-lo'tes  (Gi.).     Zealot. 

Ze'nas  (Gr.).  Given  by  Zeus  (Jupi- 
ter). 

Zeph'a-ni'ah    (Heb.).     God-hidden. 

II.    FEMALE  NAMES. 

Ab'i-gail  (Heb.).  Joy  of  my  father. 
Dim.,  Ab  by. 

Ach'sa  (Heb.).     Anklet. 

A'da   (A.  S.).     Happiness. 

Ad'a-line.  Another  spelling  of  Ade- 
line. 

Ad'e-la.     Another  form  of  Adeline. 

Ad'e-laide.  Another  form  of  Ade- 
line. 

A-de'li-a.     Another  form  of  Adela. 

Ad'e-li'na  (G.).     Princess. 

Ad'e-line.  Common  form  of  Ade- 
lina.    Dim.,  Ad,  Ad'dy. 


CHRISTIAN   NAMES,   THEIR   ORIGIN    AND   SIGNIFICANCE. 


63 


Ag'a-tha  (Gr.).    Good;  affable. 

Ag'nes  (Gr.).     Pure;  chaste. 

Al-ber'ta.     Feminine  of  Albert. 

Al'e-the'a   (Gr.).    Truth. 

Al'ex-an'dra  (Gr.).  Feminine  of 
Alexander. 

Al'ice.  Contracted  form  of  Ad'e- 
line.     Dim.,  Al'lie,  El'sie. 

A-lic'i-a  [A-lish'i-aj.  Another  form 
of  Alice. 

Al'ma  (L.).     Nourishing. 

Al-mi'ra    (Arabic).     Princess. 

Al-the'a  (Gr.).     Healer. 

Am'a-bel  (L.).    Lovely. 

A-man'da  (L.).  Lovable.  Dim., 
Man'dy. 

A-me'li-a   (G).     Industrious. 

A'my  (L.).     Beloved. 

An-gel'i-ca  (Gr.).    Angelic. 

An'ge-li'na.  Another  form  of  An- 
gelica. 

Ann   (Heb.).     Grace. 

An'na.     Latin  form  of  Ann. 

An'ne.     French  form  of  Ann. 

Dim.,    An'nie,     Nan'cy,    Nan'ny, 
Nan,  Ni'na. 

An-nette.     French  form  of  Anna. 

An-toi-nette.  French  diminutive  of 
Antonia.    Dim.,  Net'ty,  Net. 

An-to'ni-a    (L.).     Beyond   estimate. 

An'to-ni'na.  Fuller  form  of  Anto- 
nia. 

Ar'a-bel'la  (L.).  Arabian  belle. 
Dim.,Be\,  Bel'la. 

Au-gus'ta.     Feminine  of  Augustus. 

Au-re'li-a.     Feminine   of   Aurelius. 

Au-ro'ra    (L.).     Morning  redness. 

A-zu'bah    (Heb.).     Deserted. 

Bar'ba-ra  (Gr.).  Stranger.  Dim., 
Bab. 

Be'a-trice    (L.).     Happiness. 

Belle   (F.V     Beautiful. 

Ben'e-dic'ta.  Feminine  form  of 
Benedict. 

Ber'tha  (G).  Beautiful.  Dim., 
Ber'ty. 

Bes'sie.  Diminutive  form  of  Eliza- 
beth. 

Bet'sy.  Another  diminutive  of  Eliza- 
beth. 

Blanch  (G.).    White. 

Blanche.     French  form  of  Blanch. 

Bo'na  (L.).     Good. 

Bridg'et  (Celt).  Strength.  Dim., 
Bid'dy. 

Ca-mil'la      (L.).    Companion;      at- 
tendant. 
Car'o-line.      Feminine    of    Latin 

Caro  lus= Charles. 
Cas-san'dra      (Gr.).    Who     excites 

love. 
Cath-a-ri'na    (Gr.).     Pure;    chaste. 
Cath'a-rine.    Another  form  of  Cath- 

arina. 
Cath'e-rine.    Another     spelling     of 

Catharine.       Dim.,     Cas'sy,     Kate, 

Kit.  Kitty. 
Ce-cil'i-a.     Feminine  of  Cecil.   Dim., 

Sis,  Sis'ly. 
Cec'i-ly     [Ses'i-ly].    Another    form 

of  Cecilia. 


Ce-les'tine    (L.).     Heavenly. 

Ce'li-a  (L.).  Feminine  form  of 
Ccelius. 

Char'i-ty.  The  English  word  chari- 
ty. 

Char'lotte.  Feminine  form  of 
Charles. 

Chlo'e   (Gr.).     Herb;  blossom. 

Chris'ti-an'a.  Feminine  of  Chris- 
tian. 

Chris-ti'na.  Contracted  form  of 
Christiana. 

Cis'e-ly.    Another  spelling  of  Cecily. 

Clara  (L).     Bright. 

Clar'i-bel    (L.).    Beautiful;   bright. 

Clar'ice.     Another  form  of  Clara. 

Cla-ris'sa.     Italian  form  of  Clara. 

Clau'di-a  (L.).  Feminine  of  Clau- 
dius. 

Clem'en-ti'na  (L).     Gentle. 

Clem'en-tine.  Short  form  of  Clem- 
entina. 

Con'stance  (L.).     Firm. 

Co'ra  (Gr.).     Maiden. 

Cor-de'li-a  (L.).     Warm  of  heart. 

Co-rin'na.     A  diminutive  of  Cora. 

Cor-ne'li-a.  Feminine  form  of  Cor- 
nelius. 

Cyn'thi-a   (Gr.).    Of  Mt.  Cynthus. 

Deb'o-rah  (Heb.).  Bee.  Dim.,  Deb, 
Deb'by. 

De'li-a   (Gr.).    Of  Delos   (Island). 

Di-an'a  (L.).  Goddess.  Dim.,  Di, 
Die. 

Di-an'tha  (Gr.).    F'lower. 

Di'nah  (Heb.).    Judged. 

Do'ra.  Diminutive  form  of  Doro- 
thea. 

Dor'cas    (Gr.).     Gazelle. 

Do-rin'da.  Another  form  of  Doro- 
thea. 

Dor'o-the'a  (Gr.).     Given  of  God. 

Dor'o-thy.  A  contraction  of  Doro- 
thea. 

Dru-sil'la  (L.).     Strong. 

E'dith   (A.  S.).     Happiness. 

Ed'na  (Heb.).     Pleasure. 

El'e-a-nor  (Gr.).    Light. 

El'i-nor.  Contracted  form  of  Elea- 
nor. Dim.,  Ella,  Nell,  Nel'lie, 
No'ra. 

E-lis'a-beth  (Heb.).  Consecrated  to 
God.  Dim.,  Bess,  Bes'sy,  Beth, 
Bet'sy.  Bet'ty,  El'sie. 

E-liz'a-beth.  Another  spelling  of 
Elisabeth. 

E-li'za.  Contracted  form  of  Elisa- 
beth. Dim.,  Liz'zy,  Lib'by,  Lib, 
Li'sa. 

El'la.  Diminutive  form  of  Eleanor, 
or  Elinor. 

El'len.  Diminutive  of  Eleanor  or 
Elinor. 

El'sie.     Diminutive  form  of  Eliza. 

El-vi'ra   (L).     White. 

Em'e-line    (G).    Industrious. 

Em'me-line.  Another  spelling  of 
Emeline. 

Em'i-ly.  Contracted  form  of  Eme- 
line. Dim..  Jim. 

Em'ma.  Another  form  of  Emeline. 
Dim.,  Em,  Em'mie. 


Er'nes-tine.     Feminine  of  Ernest. 

Es-telle.     French  form  of  Stella. 

Es'ther  (Persian).  Star.  Dim., 
Es'sie. 

Eth'el   (A.  S.).     Princess. 

Eth'e-lind   (G).     Princely  snake. 

Eth'e-lin-da.  Another  form  of  Ethe- 
lind. 

Eu-do-ra  (Gr.).    Good  gift. 

Eu-ge'ni-a.  Feminine  of  Eugene. 
Dim.,  Ge'nie. 

Eu-ge'nie.    French  form  of  Eugenia. 

Eu-la'li-a   (Gr.).     Pleasing  speech. 

Eu'nice   (Gr.).     Good  victory. 

Eu-phe'mi-a  (Gr.).  Spoken  well 
of.  Dim.,  Ef'fie. 

Eva  (Heb.).    Life. 

E-van'ge-line  (Gr.).  Bearing  good 
news. 

Eve.     Short  form  of  Eva. 

Ev'e-li'na.    Diminutive  form  of  Eva. 

Ev'e-line.     Diminutive  of  Eva. 

Ev'e-lyn.  Another  spelling  of  Eve- 
line. 

Faith.     English  word  faith. 
Faus-ti'na  (L.).    Lucky. 
Fe-lic'i-a    (L.).     Happiness. 
Fi-de'li-a  (L.)\     Faithful. 
Flo'ra  (L.).     Flower. 
Flor'ence    (L.).     Flourishing. 
Fran'ces.     Feminine   of   Francis. 

Dim.,  Fan'ny,  Frank. 
Fred'er-i'ca.     Feminine  of  Frederic. 

Geor'gi-an'a.     Feminine   of    George. 
Geor-gi'na.     Another  form  of  Geor- 

giana. 
Ger'al-dine.     Feminine  of  Gerald. 
Ger'trude  (G).    Maid  of  the  spear. 

Dim.,  Ger'tie,  Tru'dy. 
Grace  (L.).    Grace. 
Gra'ti-a.     Latin  form  of  Grace. 
Gri-sel'da     (G.).     Stone    heroine. 

Dim.,  Grissel. 

Han'nah  (Heb.).  Grace.  (Same  as 
Anna.) 

Har'ri-et.  Feminine  form  of  Henry. 
Dim.,  Hat,  Hat'ty. 

Har'ri-ot.  Another  spelling  of  Har- 
riet. 

Hel'en  (Gr.).  Light.  Dim.,  Nell, 
Nel'ly. 

Hel'e-na.     Latin   form  of  Helen. 

Hen'ri-et'ta.  Diminutive  of  Henry. 
Dim.,  Hefty,  Et'ta,   Net'tie. 

Heph'zi-bah  (Heb.)..  My  delight  is 
in  her. 

Hes'ter.     Another  form  of  Esther. 

Hes'ther.  Another  spelling  of  Hes- 
ter. 

Hi-la'ri-a.  Feminine  form  of 
Hilary. 

Ho-no'ra  (L.).  Honorable.  Dim., 
No'ra  or  No'rah. 

Ho-no'ri-a.  Another  form  of  Ho- 
nora. 

Hope.     The  English  hope. 

Hor-ten'si-a.  (L.).     Female  garden- 

Hul;dah  (Heb.).    Weasel. 


64 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


I'da  (G:).    Like  God. 
I'nez.     Portuguese  form  of  Agnes. 
I'rene   (Gr.).     Peaceful. 
Is'a-bel  (Heb.).  Consecrated  to  God. 
Is'a-bel'la.     Fuller    form    of    Isabel. 
Dim.,  Bel,  Bel'la. 

James-i'na.     Feminine  of  James. 

Jane.     Feminine  of  John. 

Ja-net'.     Diminutive  form  of  Jane. 

Jean.     French  form  of  Jane. 

Jeanne.     Another  spelling  of  Jean. 

Jean-nette'.  Diminutive  form  of  Jane. 

Je-mi'ma  (Heb.).     Dove. 

Je-ru'sha  (Heb.).  Betrothed;  mar- 
ried. 

Jes'sie.  Feminine  of  Jesse.  Dim., 
Jess. 

Jo-an'.  Feminine  form  of  John  (see 
Jane). 

Jo-an'na.    Latin  form  of  Joan. 

Jo-han'na.  Another  spelling  of  Jo- 
anna. 

Jo-se'pha.    Feminine  form  of  Joseph. 

Jo'seph-ine.  Another  form  of  Jo- 
sepha.  Dim.,  Jo,  Jo'zy,  Phe'ne. 

Joyce  (L.).     Lively. 

Ju'dith  (Heb.).  Praised.  Dim., 
Ju'dy. 

Ju'li-a   (L.).     Feminine  of  Julius. 

Ju'li-an'a   (L.).     Feminine  of  Julian. 

Ju'li-et.     Diminutive  of  Julia. 

Jus-ti'na.     Feminine   of  Justin. 

Kate.     Diminutive  of  Catharine. 
Kath'a-rine.     Another     spelling     of 

Catharine. 
Kath'er-ine.     Another     spelling     of 

Catherine. 
Ke-tu'rah  (Heb.).    Incense. 
Ke-zi'ah  (Heb.).    Cassia. 

Lau'ra  (L.).     Laurel. 

Lau-rin'da.   Another  form  of  Laura. 

La-vin'i-a    (L.).    Belonging     to 

Latium. 
Le'na.     Diminutive  of  Helena. 
Le-o-no'ra.    An     Italian     form     of 

Eleanor. 
Le-ti'ti-a  (L.).     Happiness. 
Lil'i-an   (L.).    Lily. 
Lil-ly.     Another  form  of  Lilian. 
Lo'is  (Gr.).     Good. 
Lo-rin'da.     Another    form    of    Lau- 

rinda. 
Lou-i'sa.     Feminine  of  Louis. 
Lou-ise'.     Shorter    form   of   Louisa. 

Dim.,  Lou,  Lou'ie. 
Lu'ci-a.     Italian   form   of  Lucy  and 

feminine  of  Lucius=Light. 
Lu-ci'na.    Another  form  of  Lucia. 
Lu-cin'da.     An    extended    form    of 

Lucy. 
Lu'crece   (L.).    Light. 
Lu-cre'ti-a.    Fuller  form  of  Lucrece. 
Lu'cy.     Feminine  form  of  Lucius= 

Light. 
Lyd'i-a   (Gr.).     Born  in  Lydia. 

Ma'bel.     Short  form  of  Amabel. 

Mad'e-line.  Another  form  of  Mag- 
dalene. 

Mag'da-lene  (Heb.).  Belonging  to 
Magdala.    Dim.,  Maud. 


Mar-cel'la.     Feminine  of  Marcellus. 

Mar'ci-a.     Feminine  of  Marcius. 

Mar'ga-ret  (Gr.).  Pearl.  Dim., 
Mar'gie,  Mar'gery,  Madge,  Mag, 
Mag'gy,  Meg,  Peg,  Peg'gy,  Me'ta, 
Grit'ty. 

Ma-ri'a.     Latin  form  of  Mary. 

Ma'ri-anne.  Compounded  of  Mary 
and  An'ne. 

Mar'i-on.     French  form  of  Mary. 

Mar'tha  (Heb.).  Sorrowful.  Dim., 
Mat,   Mat'ty,  Pat,  Pat'ty. 

Ma'ry  (Heb.).  Bitter.  Dim..  Moll, 
Mol'ly,  Pol,  Pol'ly. 

Ma-thil'da   (G.).    Battle  maiden. 

Ma-til'da.  Another  form  of  Ma- 
thilda. Dim.,  Mat,  Mat'ty,  Maud, 
Pat'ty,  Til'ly. 

Maud.  Diminutive  form  of  Mag'da- 
lene  and   Matilda. 

May.     English   May — the   month. 

Me-het'a-bel  (Heb.).  Favored  of 
God. 

Me-hit'a-ble.  Another  spelling  of 
Mehetabel. 

Mel'i-cent   (L.).     Sweet  singer. 

Me-lis'sa  (Gr.).    Bee. 

Mer'cy.     English  mercy. 

Me'ta.  A  diminutive  form  of  Mar- 
garet. 

Mil'dred  (G).    Threatener. 

Mil'i-cent.  Another  spelling  of 
Melicent. 

Mi-ner'va.  Minerva,  Latin  goddess. 
of  wisdom. 

Min'nie    (G).    Remembrance. 

Mi-ran'da  (L.).     Admirable. 

Mir'i-am  (Heb.).    Bitter. 

My'ra  (Gr.).     Who  weeps. 

Nan'cy.  Another  form  of  Ann  or 
Anne.     Dim.,  Nan,  Nance. 

Nellie.  Diminutive  form  of  Elea- 
nor,  Ellen  or  Helen. 

No'ra.  Contracted  form  of  Eleanor, 
Honora  or  Leonora. 

No'rah.     Another  spelling  of  Nora. 

Oc-ta'vi-a.     Feminine    of    Octavius. 

Dim.,  Tave,  Ta'vy. 
Ol'ive  (L.).    Olive. 
O-liv'i-a.     Fuller  form  of  Olive. 
O-lym'pi-a  (Gr.).     Celestial. 
O-phe'li-a  (Gr.).     Serpent. 

Pa'tience.     English  patience. 

Pau'la.     Feminine  of  Paul. 

Pau-li'na.     Feminine  of  Paulinus, 

Pau-line'.  Contracted  form  of  Pau- 
lina. 

Peg'gy.     A  nickname  of  Margaret. 

Pe-nel'o-pe   (Gr.).    Weaver. 

Per'sis    (Gr.).     Woman  of  Persia. 

Phe'be.     Another  spelling  of  Phcebe. 

Phi-lip'pa.     Feminine  of  Philip. 

Phil'lis.    Another  spelling  of  Phyllis. 

Phce'be    (Gr.).     Brilliant;    shining. 

Phyl'lis   (Gr.).     A  live  bough. 

Pol'ly.     A  nickname  of  Mary. 

Pris-cil'la  (L.).     Elderly. 

Pru'dence.  English  prudence.  Dim., 
Prue,  Pru'dy. 


Ra'chel  (Heb.).     Ewe. 

Re-bec'ca    (Heb.).     Very  beautiful. 

Re-bek'ah.  Another  form  of  Re- 
becca. 

Rho'da  (Gr.).     Rose. 

Ro'sa  (L.).     Rose. 

Ros'a-bel   (L.).     Beautiful  rose. 

Ros'a-bel-la.  Fuller  form  of  Rosa- 
bel. 

Ro-sa'li-a  (L.).     Little  rose. 

Ros'a-lie.     Another  form  of  Rosalia. 

Ros'a-lind   (L.).     Pretty  as  a  rose. 

Ros'a-mond   (G.).     Protection. 

Rox-an'a    (Persian).       Day-dawn. 

Ruth   (Heb.).     Beauty. 

Sa-bi'na  (L.).    A  Sabine  female. 

Sa-bri'na  (L.).     Severn  river. 

Sa-lome'    (Heb.).     Peaceful. 

Sal'va  (L.).     Safe. 

Sa'ra  (Heb.).     Princess. 

Sa'rah.     Another    spelling    of    Sara. 

Dim.,  Sal,  Sal'lv. 
Se-li'na  (Gr.).     Moon. 
Se-re'na.     Feminine  of  Serenus. 
Sib'yl  (Gr.).     Prophetess. 
Si-byl'la.     Fuller  form  of  Sib'yl. 
So-phi'a      (Gr.).     Wisdom.       Dim., 

So'phy. 
So-phro'ni-a  (Gr.).    Sound  of  mind. 
Stel'la  (L.).     Star. 
Steph'a-na.     Feminine  of  Stephen. 
Su'san   (Heb.).     Lily. 
Su-san'na.     Italian    form   of    Susan. 
Su-san'nah.     Another     spelling     of 

Susanna. 

Dim.,  Sue,  Suke,  Su'ky,  Su'zie. 
Syl-vi'a   (L.).     Feminine  of  Sylvan- 

us. 

Tab'i-tha.     Syrian  word  for  gazelle. 

Tem'per-ance.     English  temperance. 

The'o-do'ra.  Feminine  of  Theo- 
dore.   Dim.,  Do'ra. 

The'o-do'si-a  (Gr.).     Gift  of  God. 

The-re'sa  (Gr.).  C  o  r  n  -  carrier. 
Dim.,  Ter'ry,  Tra'cy. 

Thom'a-sa.     Feminine  of  Thomas. 

Try-phe'na    (Gr.).     Luxurious. 

Try-pho'sa    (Gr.).     Luxurious. 

Ul'ri-ca  (G).    Rich. 

U-ra'ni-a    (Gr.).     One   of  the  .Nine 

Muses. 
Ur'su-la  (L.).     She-bear. 

Va-le'ri-a.     Feminine  of  Valerius. 
Vic-to'ri-a  (L.).     Victory. 
Vi'da   [Ve'dal.     Feminine  of  David. 
Vi'o-la,   or   Vi-o'la    (L.).     Violet. 
Vir-gin'i-a      (L.).     Virgin.       Pirn., 

Virge,  Vir'gie. 
Viv'i-an    (L.).     Vivacious. 

Wil'hel-mi'na     (G).     Feminine     of 

Wilhelm. 
Win'i-fred    (G.)     Friend    of    per.ee. 

Dim.,  Win'nie. 

Ze-no'bi-a    (Gr.).       Zeus    (Jupiter) 

gives  life. 
Zoe  (Gr.).     Life. 


NOTABLE  AMERICAN   SOBRIQUETS. 

Pen-names,  Nicknames,  Appellations  and   Fictional  Characters. 


Academic  City. — A  name  for  Worcester,  Mass.,  in  al- 
lusion to  its  numerous  educational  institutions. 

Adirondacks. — A  group  of  the  Appalachian  mountain 
system  in  New  York  State,  from  the  Iroquois  name 
of  the  Algonkians,  meaning  "he  eats  bark." 

Alabama. — So  called  from  its  river  Alabama,  meaning 
in  Indian  "here  we  rest." 

Alabama  Claims. — See  Geneva  Award. 

Albany  Regency. — A  name  applied  to  a  Democratic 
political  junta,  with  headquarters  at  Albany,  N.  Y., 
formed  in  1818. 

Albion,  New. — A  name  formerly  applied  to  tb;  west 
coast  of  North  America,  now  included  in  th^  States 
of  Oregon  and  Washington. 

Almighty  Dollar. — Personification  of  the  supposed  ob- 
ject of  American  idolatry.  The  expression  originated 
with  Washington  Irving. 

Apostle  of  the  Indians. — Appellation  of  Rev.  John 
Eliot  (1604-1690),  a  missionary  among  the  Indians 
of  Massachusetts  Bay. 

Appalachian  System. — The  mountain  chain  extending 
from  Alabama  to  Quebec.  Canada,  nearly  1,300  miles ; 
highest  peak,  Mitchell  High  Peak,  Yancey  County, 
N.  C,  6,688  feet.  The  range  includes  the  White 
Mountains,  New  Hampshire;  Green  Mountains,  Ver- 
mont ;  Adirondacks,  New  York ;  Alleghenies,  Penn- 
sylvania ;  Blue  Ridge,  Virginia ;  Black  Mountains, 
North  Carolina. 

Athens  of  America. — A  name  sometimes  applied  to 
Boston,  Mass.,  on  account  of  its  culture. 

Arkansas. — An  Indian  name  meaning  "Bow  Indians," 
experts  with  arrows.    See  Bear  State. 

Artemus  Ward. — Pseudonym  of  Charles  F.  Browne, 
American  writer  and  lecturer. 

Autocrat  of  the  Breakfast  Table. — Pseudonym  of 
Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  distinguished  writer. 

Badger  State. — Nickname  for  Wisconsin,  on  account 
of  the  badgers  there. 

Baltimore. — See   Monumental  City. 

Barnburners. — Nickname  of  Anti-Renters  in  New  York 
State,  who  fired  barns  on  patroon  estates.  Also 
name  of  a  Democratic  faction  in  that  State  in  1842 
opposed  to  the  Hunkers  and  extension  of  slavery. 

Battle  of  the  Kegs. — Title  of  a  mock-heroic  poem  by 
Francis  Hopkinson  (1737-1791),  founded  on  the  Revo- 
lutionary incident  of  the  Americans  letting  loose  in 
the  Delaware  River  a  number  of  charged  kegs  against 
the  English  shipping  at  Philadelphia. 

Bayou  State. — Nickname  for  Mississippi,  on  account  of 
its  bayous. 

Bay  State. — Popular  name  for  Massachusetts,  because 
once  the  colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay. 

Bear  State. — Nickname  for  Arkansas,  from  the  number 
of  bears  once  there. 

Ben  Hur. — Jewish  hero  of  Gen.  Lew  Wallace's  novel 
of  "Ben  Hur." 


Biglow,  Hosea. — Imaginary  author  of  humorous  satir- 
ical poems  in  Yankee  dialect,  written  by  James  Rus- 
sel  Lowell  and  relating  to  the  Mexican  War  and 
Slavery.     Generally  called  "The  Biglow  Papers." 

Big  Bend  State. — Nickname  for  Tennessee,  on  account 
of  the  big  bend  in  its  river. 

Billings,  Josh. — Pseudonym  of  Henry  W.  Shaw,  an 
American  humorist   (1818-1885). 

Birch,  Harvey. — The  spy  in  Cooper's  novel  "The  Spy." 

Black  Jack. — Nickname  for  Gen.  John  A.  Logan,  on 
account  of  his  dark  complexion. 

Black  Man. — Designation  for  the  devil  in  New  England 
witchcraft  times. 

Blue  Hen's  Chickens,  The. — Cant  name  for  Stale  of 
Delaware.  One  Captain  Caldwell  raised  game  cocks 
on  the  theory  that  none  could  be  good  unless  the 
mother  was  a  blue  hen.  Hence  for  his  breed  was 
substituted  the  expression  "Blue  Hen's  Chickens." 

Blue  Lights. — Certain  Federalists  during  the  War  of 
1812,  who  were  charged  with  secretly  signaling 
British  vessels  with  a  system  of  blue  lights. 

Boston  Massacre. — Attack  of  part  of  the  British  gar- 
rison upon  a  street  crowd  in  Boston,  March  5,  1770, 
by  which  several  were  killed  and  wounded. 

Boston  Tea  Party. — Popular  name  for  the  party  dis- 
guised as  Indians,  which  boarded  the  British  vessel, 
December  13,  1773,  in  Boston  Harbor,  and  threw 
the  cargo  of  tea  overboard. 

Breitmann,  Hans. — Pseudonym  of  Charles  G.  Leland, 
author  of  the  "Breitmann  Ballads." 

Brook-Farm  Community. — A  socialistic  society,  started 
in  1841  at  West  Roxbury,  Mass.    Dissolved  1847. 

Brother  Jonathan. — A  humorous  designation  for  the 
collective  people  of  the  United  States,  said  to  have 
originated  from  Washington's  reference  to  Jonathan 
Trumbull,  Governor  of  Connecticut,  as  "Brothei 
Jonathan." 

Buckeye  State. — Nickname  of  Ohio,  from  the  buckeye 
trees  which  abound  there. 

Buffalo  Bill. — Sobriquet  of  William  F.  Cody,  a  former 
well-known  scout  on  the  Western  plains. 

Bulwer-Clayton  Treaty. — See  Clayton-Bulwer  Treaty. 

Burlington  Hawkeye  Man. — Sobriquet  of  Robert  J. 
Burdette,  once  humorous  editor  of  the  "Burlington 
Hawkeye." 

Butternuts. — Nickname  of  the  Confederates  in  the 
Civil  War,  from  the  color  of  their  clothes,  resembling 
the  shell  of  the  butternut. 

California. — In  Spanish  the  name  signifies  "abundance 
of  gold."     See   Golden   State. 

Castle  Garden. — Battery  Park,  New  York  City,  origi- 
nally Castle  Clinton;  built  originally,  1807;  succes- 
sively a  fort,  place  of  entertainment  and  landing 
place  for  immigrants ;  now  an  aquarium. 

Centennial  State. — Popular  name  of  Colorado,  because 
admitted  in  1876. 


(65) 


66 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


Chicago. — See  Garden  City;  Windy  City. 

Chingachgook. — A  Mohican  Sagamore — called  also  the 
"Great  Serpent" — in  Cooper's  "Leather  Stocking 
Tales." 

Cincinnati. — A  society  established  in  the  United  States 
to  perpetuate  the  friendship  of  officers  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary Army  and  relieve  the  widows  and  orphans  of 
those  killed. 

Cincinnati. — See  Porkopolis. 

City  of  Brotherly  Love. — Philadelphia,  Pa.,  is  some- 
times so-called  from  the  literal  meaning  of  its  name. 

City  of  Churches. — A  popular  name  for  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  on  account  of  its  numerous  churches. 

City  of  Elms. — Popular  name  for  New  Haven,  Conn., 
on  account  of  the  elm  trees  which  shade  its  streets. 

City  of  Magnificent  Distances. — Popular  name  of 
Washington,  D.  C,  because  it  is  laid  out  on  a  large 
and  grand  scale. 

City  of  Spindles. — Popular  name  of  Lowell,  Mass.,  on 
account  of  the  extent  of  its  cotton  manufactures. 

City  of  the  Straits. — Popular  designation  of  Detroit, 
Mich.,  from  its  location  on  the  strait  joining  Lakes 
St.  Clair  and  Erie.     Detroit  is  French  for  "strait." 

Clayton-Bulwer  Treaty. — July  4,  1850,  between  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain,  provided  that  neither 
country  should  have  exclusive  control  of  any  inter- 
oceanic  canal  in  Central  America,  or  erect  fortifica- 
tions in  the  country. 

Colorado. — Named  after  the  Colorado  or  "bloody  river" 
in  Indian.     See  Centennial  State. 

Connecticut. — Indian  name  for  its  main  stream,  "long 
river."  See  Nutmeg  State  and  Land  of  Steady 
Habits. 

Coolidge,  Susan. — Pen-name  of  the  popular  American 
writer,  Mrs.  Sarah  Chauncey  Woolsey. 

Corn  Cracker. — Nickname  for  State  of  Kentucky.  The 
inhabitants  are  often  called  "corn  crackers." 

Cradle  of  Liberty. — Popular  designation  of  Faneuil 
Hall,  Boston,  as  the  place  where  the  Revolutionary 
orators  were  accustomed  to  meet  and  speak. 

Crane,  Ichabod. — Name  of  the  credulous  Yankee 
schoolmaster  in  Irving's  "Legend  of  Sleepy  Hollow." 

Crayon,  Geoffrey. — Pseudonym  under  which  Washing- 
ton Irving  published  his  "Sketchbook." 

Creole  State. — Nickname  of  Louisiana,  in  which  there 
are  many  Creoles,  or  descendants  of  French  and 
Spanish  settlers. 

Crescent  City. — Popular  name  for  New  Orleans,  be- 
cause founded  on  a  bend,  or  crescent,  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River. 

Creyton,  Paul. — Pseudonym  of  the  American  novelist 

and  poet,  J.  T.  Trowbridge. 
Croaker  &  Co. — Pseudonym  of  Joseph  R.   Drake  and 

Fitz-Greene     Halleck     in     the     celebrated     "Croaker 

Papers,"  181Q. 

Cuffee  or  Cuffey. — Cant  name  for  a  negro  or  "Sambo." 
Probably  an  African  word. 

Danbury  News  Man. — Sobriquet  of  James  Montgomery 
Bailey,  American  humorist  and  editor  of  the  "Dan- 
bury  News,"  Conn. 

Dark  and  Bloody  Ground. — Nickname  for  Kentucky, 
from  the  former  fierce  contest  between  whites 
and  Indians. 

Dead  Rabbit  Riots. — Outbreak  in  the  Bowery  and  Five 
Points,  New  York  City,  July  4-5,  1851,  betwen  gangs 
known  as  "Dead  Rabbits"  and  "Boney  Boys." 


Death  Valley. — A  valley  noted  as  fatal  to  life,  in  Inyo 
County,  California,  between  Amargosa  and  Panamint 

Mountains. 

Deer-Slayer. — Nickname  of  Natty  Bumpo,  in  Cooper's 
novel  of  "The  Deer-Slayer." 

Delaware. — Named  after  Lord  De  la  War.  See  Blue 
Hen's  Chickens  and  Diamond  State. 

Demarcation  Point. — The  Arctic  Ocean  at  the  bound- 
ary between  Alaska  and  British  North  America,  at 
longitude  141  degrees  west. 

Diamond  State. — Nickname  for  Delaware,  from  its 
shape. 

Dixie. — An  imaginary  place  in  the  Southern  States, 
celebrated  in  negro  melody  as  a  kind  of  Paradise. 
Also  a  collective  designation  of  the  Southern  States. 

Doe,  John. — A  sham  plaintiff  in  ejectment  actions, 
coupled  with  Richard  Roe  as  defendant. 

Doesticks,  Q.  K.  Philander.— Pen-name  of  Mortimer 
Thompson   (1832-75),  a  noted  American  humorist. 

Dorr's  Rebellion. — The  attempt  to  extend  suffrage  in 
Rhode  Island   (1842)    against  charter  restrictions. 

Downing,  Jack. — Pseudonym  of  the  comic  American 
writer  in  Yankee  dialect,  Seba  Smith. 

Dragon  of  Wantley. — The  monster  which  figures  in 
Henry  Carey's  burlesque  of  the  same  name. 

Dry.  Tortugas. — An  island  in  Monroe  County,  Florida, 
west  of  Florida  Keys,  on  which  are  two  lighthouses 
and  a  military  prison. 

Dutchy. — Nickname  of  Gen.  Franz  Sigel,  used  by  his 
soldiers  during  the  Civil  War. 

Eastern  Shore. — Those  parts  of  Virginia  and  Mary- 
land lying  east  of  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  noted  for  fruits 
and  oysters. 

East  River  Bridge. — The  new  bridge  over  the  East 
River,  New  York,  opened  for  traffic  December  19, 
1903. 

Edith  May. — Pen-nnme  of  Anna  Drinker,  an  American 
poetess  whose  works  were  published  in  1851  and  1854. 

Egypt. — Nickname  of  the  southern  part  of  Illinois,  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Cairo. 

Elm  City. — See  City  of  Elms. 

Empire  State. — New  York  State  is  sometimes  so-called 
from  its  being  the  first  State  of  the  Union  in  popula- 
tion and  wealth. 

Empire  State  of  the  South. — Georgia  is  so-called  from 
its  eminence  among   Southern  States. 

Evangeline. — Heroine  of  Longfellow's  poem  of  the 
"same  name,  based  on  the  expulsion  of  the  Acadians, 
1755- 

Everglades. — The  extensive  swamp  regions  of  Florida. 

Evergreen. — Pen-name  of  Washington  Irving  in  "Sal- 
magundi," etc. 

Excelsior  State. — The  State  of  New  York,  so-called 
from  the  motto  "Excelsior"  on  its  coat-of-arms. 

Expounder  of  the  Constitution. — A  title  conferred  on 
Daniel  Webster  (1782-1852)  for  his  elaborate  expo- 
sition of  the  Federal  Constitution. 

Expunging  Resolution. — A  resolution  adopted  by  the 
United  States  Senate,  March  16,  1837,  cancelling  the 
resolution  of  March  28,  1834,  charging  President 
Jackson  with  unconstitutional  practices. 

Father  Abraham. — Pen-name  of  Benjamin  Franklin. 
Sobriquet  of  Abraham  Lincoln. 

Father  of  America. — Sobriquet  of  Samuel  Adams,  the 
Revolutionary  orator. 


NOTABLE  AMERICAN  SOBRIQUETS. 


C7 


Father  of  His  Country. — An  appellation  popularly  con- 
ferred in  America  on  George  Washington. 

Father  of  Waters. — A  popular  name  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  on  account  of  its  great  length  and  numerous 
tributaries. 

Fern,  Fanny. — Pseudonym,  of  Mrs.  Sara  Parton,  nee 
Sara  Pays  Willis  (1811-1872),  a  popular  American 
authoress. 

Fighting  Joe. — Sobriquet  of  Gen.  Joseph  Hooker  dur- 
ing the  Civil  War. 

Florida. — See  Peninsular  State  and  Land  of  Flowers. 

Flour  City. — Nickname  for  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  from  its 
numerous  flour  mills. 

Flower  City. — Springfield,  111.,  is  often  so-called  from 
its  picturesque  environs. 

Forest  City. — Cleveland,  Ohio;  Portland,  Me.,  and 
Savannah,  Ga.,  are  frequently  so  designated. 

Forrester,  Fanny. — Pen-name  of  Miss  Emily  Chub- 
buck  (1817-1854),  an  American  authoress  and  Indian 
missionary. 

Freestone  State. — An  appellation  of  Connecticut,  from 
its  freestone  quarries. 

Garden  City. — Popular  name  for  Chicago,  probably 
from  the  motto  on  its  seal — "Urbs  in  Horto,"  city 
in  a  garden. 

Garden  of  the  Gods. — A  valley  in  El  Paso  County, 
Colorado,  covered  with  isolated  and  fantastically 
eroded  rocks  of  curious  imitative  forms. 

Gate  City. — Savannah,  Ga.,  from  its  strategical  im- 
portance. Keokuk,  Iowa,  is  also  so  called  from  its 
location   at  the  foot  of   the   Mississippi   rapids. 

Gates  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. — The  gorge  of  the 
Missouri  River,  near  Helena,  Mont. 

Gath. — Pen-name  of  the  American  writer,  George  Al- 
fred Townsend. 

Gem  of  the  Mountains. — Nickname  for  the  State  of 
Idaho. 

Geneva  Award. — The  findings  and  decision  of  the  tri- 
bunal of  arbitration  sitting  at  Geneva,  Switzerland, 
which,  in  1872,  adjudged  that  Great  Britain  should 
pay  to  the  United  States  $15,000,000  for  damage  done 
to  American  commerce  during  the  Civil  War  by  Con- 
federate cruisers  built,  equipped  and  manned  in 
British  ports. 

Georgia. — Named  from  George  II.  See  Empire  State 
of  the  South. 

Gertrude  of  Wyoming. — Heroine  of  Thomas  Camp- 
bell's poem  of  the  same  name. 

Gnadenbrutten  Massacre. — The  killing  of  Indian  con- 
verts by  Ohio  volunteer  militia,  March,  1782. 

Golden  State. — Nickname  for  California,  from  its  gold. 

Good  Gray  Poet. — A  name  bestowed  by  his  admirers 
on  the  American  poet,  Walt  Whitman. 

Gopher  State. — A  nickname  fpr  Minnesota,  from  the 
animal. 

Gotham. — Popular  name   for   New   York   City.      First 

'  applied  in  Irving's  "Salmagundi,"  and  borrowed  from 
the  English  nursery  rhyme  of  "The  Merry  Tale  of 
the  Men  of  Gotham,"  who  were  proverbial  for  their 
follies. 

Granite  State. — Popular  name  for  New  Hampshire, 
on  account  of  its  granite  hills. 

Green  Mountain  State. — Popular  name  for  Vermont— 
"verd,"  green,  and  "mont,"  mount. 

Greenwood,  Grace. — Pen-name  of  Sarah  Jane  Lippin- 
cott  (nee  Clarke),  a  noted  American  authoress. 


Gulf  Stream. — That  vast  ocean  current  flowing  from 
the  direction  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  northward  along 
the  Atlantic  coast  of  the  United  States,  then  diverted 
westward  by  Newfoundland  toward  Great  Britain 
and  Scandinavia. 

Hamilton,  Gail. — Pseudonym  of  the  American  au- 
thoress, Miss  Mary  Abigail  Dodge. 

Hans  Breitmann. — Pen-name  of  Charles  G.  Leland  as 
author  of  the  "Breitmann  Ballads." 

Harland,  Marion. — Pen-name  of  the  American  novelist, 
Mrs.  Mary  Virginia  Terhune. 

Hartford  Convention. — The  meeting  of  delegates  from 
New  England  States  to  oppose  President  Madison's 
war  policy.     They  were  accused  of  plotting  disunion. 

Hawkeye  State. — Nickname  for  the  State  of  Iowa. 

Hay-Bunau-Varilla  Treaty. — The  treaty  negotiated 
between  the  United  States  and  the  New  State  of 
Panama  (1903),  relative  to  right  of  way  for  the 
Panama  Canal  across  the  isthmus. 

Hay-Herran  Treaty. — The  treaty  negotiated  between 
the  United  States  and  Colombia,  relative  to  right 
of  way  for  the  Panama  Canal  across  the  isthmus. 
Ratified  by  the  United  States  Senate,  March,  1903, 
but  rejected  by  Colombia. 

Hell  Gate. — The  narrow  channel  of  East  River,  New 
York,  formerly  very  dangerous.  Rock  removed  in 
1885. 

Hemans  of  America. — Sobriquet  of  the  American 
poetess,  Mrs.  Lydia  Huntley  Sigourney   (1791-1865). 

Hester  Prynne. — The  unfortunate  heroine  in  Haw- 
thorne's  "Scarlet   Letter." 

Hiawatha. — The  mythical  Indian  who  became  the  hero 
of  Longfellow's  "Hiawatha." 

Holm,  Saxe. — Pen-name  of  the  author  of  the  "Saxe 
Holm  Stories,"  and  presumably  Mrs.  Helen  Hunt 
Jackson,  an  American  poetess   (1831-1885). 

Honest  Abe. — A  sobriquet  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  six- 
teenth President  of  the  United  States. 

Hoosier  State. — Nickname  for  the  State  of  Indiana. 
Origin  not  known. 

Hosea  Biglow. — Pen-name  of  James  Russell  Lowell 
in  the  "Biglow  Papers." 

Hotspur. — Pen-name  of  Mansfield  Tracy  Walworth 
(1830-1873),  a  distinguished  American  author  and 
lawyer. 

Hub  of  the  Universe. — A  burlesque  designation  of 
Boston,  originating  with  Dr.  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes. 

Ichabod  Crane. — See  Crane,  Ichabod. 

Idaho. — See  Gem  of  the  Mountains. 

Illinois. — From  a  confederation  of  Indian  tribes,  mean- 
ing "superior  men."  See  Prairie  State  and  Sucker 
State. 

Indiana. — Probably  from  the  word  Indian.  See  Hoosier 
State. 

Instar  Omnium. — Sobriquet  of  Samuel  Adams,  of 
Massachusetts,  used  in  a  letter  written  (1771)  by 
Governor  Hutchinson  to  Pownall. 

Iowa. — From  an  Indian  designation  meaning  "sleepy 
ones."    See  Hawkeye  State. 

Iron  City. — Nickname  for  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  •  on  account 
of  its  iron  manufactures. 

Jonathan  Oldstyle. — Pen-name  of  Washington  Irving 
as  contributor  to  the  "New  York  Morning  Chron- 
icle," 1802. 

Josh  Billings. — Pen-name  of  Henry  W.  Shaw  (1818- 
1885),  a  noted  American  humorist. 


68 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


Julien  Gordon. — Pen-name  of  Mrs.  S.  Van  Rensselaer, 

an  American  novelist. 
Kansas. — From   Indian  name  of  the   Kansas   River, 

meaning  "smoky  water." 

Kentucky. — From  Indian  name  of  its  principal  river. 
See  Corn  Cracker  and  Dark  and  Bloody  Ground. 

Kerr,  Orpheus  C. — Nom  de  plume  of  the  American 
humorist,  R.  H.  Newell,  born  in  1836. 

Keystone  State. — A  name  given  to  Pennsylvania,  as 
the  middle  of  the  arch  composed  of  the  thirteen 
original  States. 

King  Cotton. — Personification  of  the  chief  staple  of 
the  Southern  States.  James  H.  Hammond,  of  South 
Carolina,  used  the  expression  "Cotton  is  king"  in  a 
speech  in  the  United  States  Senate,  March  4,  1858. 

Kirke,  Edmund. — Pen-name  of  the  American  writer, 
John  Roberts  Gilmore  (b.  1823),  author  of  "Among 
the  Pines,"  etc. 

Kitchen  Cabinet. — Derisive  title  bestowed  by  the  Whigs 
on  the  coterie  of  secret  advisers  of  President  Jackson 
because  they  called  on  him  by  the  back  door. 

Knickerbocker,  Diedrich. — An  imaginary  author  of  a 
humorous  and  fictitious  "History  of  New  York" 
written  by  Washington  Irving. 

Kriss  Kringle. — The  Dutch  equivalent  of  St.  Nicholas 
and  Santa  Claus,  the  Christmas  benefactors  of  chil- 
dren. 

Ku-Klux-Klan. — A  secret  society  formed  in  the 
Southern  States,  whose  object  was  to  prevent  negroes 
and  northern  immigrants  from  holding  political  con- 
trol. 

Lake  of  the  Cat. — A  name  given  to  Lake  Erie  when 
first  discovered  by  white  men. 

Lake  of  the  Clouds. — A  lake  in  New  Hampshire,  so- 
called  from  its  elevation,  5,053  feet  above  the  sea 
level. 

Lake  State. — Popular  name  for  the  State  of  Michigan 
which  borders  on  Huron,  Erie,  Michigan  and  Su- 
perior. 

Land  of  Flowers. — The  meaning  of  the  word  Florida, 
a  name  conferred  on  its  discovery  by  Ponce  de  Leon, 
1512. 

Land  of  Steady  Habits. — A  designation  of  Connecti- 
cut, from  the  characteristics  of  its  people. 

Last  of  the  Mohicans. — The  Indian  chief  Uncas,  hero 
of  Cooper's  novel,  "Last  of  the  Mohicans." 

Last  of  the  Puritans. — Samuel  Adams,  an  American 
patriot,  was  so  styled  by  Edward  Everett,  1825. 

Learned  Blacksmith. — An  epithet  applied  to  Elihu 
Burritt  (1810-1879),  who  began  life  as  a  Connecticut 
blacksmith  and  afterward  became  distinguished  as  a 
linguist. 

Leather  -  Stocking,  Natty. — Sobriquet  of  Nathaniel 
Bumppo,  a  celebrated  character  in  Cooper's  "Leather- 
Stocking  Tales." 

Legree. — A  character  who  was  made  to  typify  the  cruel 
slave  dealer  in  "Uncle  Tom's  Cabin." 

Lenore. — The  heroine  in  Edgar  A.  Poe's  mystic  ballad 
of  "The  Raven." 

Libby  Prison. — The  notorious  military  prison  at  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  during  the  Civil  War,  formerly  a  tobacco 
warehouse. 

Light  Horse  Harry. — A  popular  sobriquet  conferred 
on  Gen.  Henry  Lee  (1756-1818),  an  American  cavalry 
officer  during  the  Revolution,  who  distinguished  him- 
self by  rapid  marches  through  the  Carolinas. 


Little  Giant. — A  popular  sobriquet  conferred  on 
Stephen  A.  Douglas-  (1813-1861),  the  distinguished 
United  States  Senator  from  Illinois.  It  alluded  to 
his  small  body  and  large  intellect. 

Little  Mac. — A  sobriquet  conferred  by  his  soldiers  on 
Gen.  George  B.  McClellan,  in  allusion  to  his  short 
stature  and  large  popularity. 

Little  Magician. — A  sobriquet  bestowed  on  Martin  Van 
Buren  (President,  1837-1841),  in  allusion  to  his  sup- 
posed  political  sagacity. 

Little  Rhody. — A  popular  designation  of  Rhode  Island, 
smallest  State  in  the  Union. 

Long  Tom  Coffin. — The  hero  of  Cooper's  "Pilot;"  a 
man  of  action  and  an  ideal  sailor. 

Lone  Star  State. — Appellation  of  the  State  of  Texas, 
from  the  device  on  its  coat-of-arms. 

Louisiana. — So  named  from  Louis  XIV  of  France. 
See  Creole  State. 

Lumber  State. — The  State  of  Maine  is  frequently  so 
designated  for  its  lumber. 

McBride,  Miss. — The  heroine  of  great  expectations, 
whose  history  is  humorously  related  in  a  poem  of 
the  same  name  by  John  G.  Saxe. 

MacFlimsy,  Flora.— The  fashionable  lady  of  Madison 
Square,  New  York  City,  who  is  the  heroine  of  Wil- 
liam Allen  Butler's  poem  of  "Nothing  to  Wear." 

Mad  Anthony. — A  sobriquet  of  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne 
(1745-1796),  distinguished  for  his  military  skill  and 
dashing  qualities  as  a  Revolutionary  officer. 

Maine. — It  means  "mainland ;"  that  portion  of  New 
England  granted  by  Charles  I  to  Ferdinand  Gorges. 
See  Pine  Tree  State  and  Lumber  State. 

Man  in  the  Moon. — The  dark  spots  in  the  moon  to 
which  superstition  ascribes  the  figure  of  a  man  bear- 
ing brushwood  on  a  fork.  Numbers  xv :  32-36,  is 
doubtless  accountable  for  the  origin  of  the  legend. 

Marvel,  Ik. — Nom  de  plume  of  Donald  G.  Mitchell 
(b.  1822),  a  popular  American  author. 

Maryland. — So  named  from  Henrietta  Maria,  Queen 
of  Charles  I.     See  Oyster  State. 

Mason  and  Dixon's  Line. — The  boundary  between 
Pennsylvania  and  Maryland,  surveyed  by  Charles 
Mason  and  Jeremiah  Dixon  (1763-1767),  and  which 
afterward  came  popularly  to  mark  the  division  be- 
tween free  and  slave  territory. 

Massachusetts. — From   the   name   of  an   Indian   tribe. 

See  Bay  State. 
Michigan. — From    the    Indian    name    signifying    "lake 

country."    See  Wolverine  State. 

Mill-Boy  of  the  Slashes. — Sobriquet  conferred  on 
Henry  Clay  (1777-1852),  born  in  Hanover  County, 
Va.,  near  a  place  known  as  the  "Slashes,"  where  a  mill 
stood,  to  which  he  was  often  sent  as  a  boy. 

Miller,  Daisy. — Heroine  and  title  of  the  story  by  Henry 
James,  Jr.,  narrating  the  adventures  of  an  American 
girl  in  Europe. 

Minnehaha. — Indian  word  meaning  "Laughing  Water." 
She  becomes  the  wife  of  Hiawatha  in  Longfellow's 
poem  of  the   same  name. 

Minnesota. — Indian  for  "turbid  water,"  probably  the 
St.  Peter's  River.     See  Gopher  State. 

Miriam. — The  mysterious  woman  in  Hawthorne's  ro- 
mance, "The  Marble  Faun." 

Mississippi. — An  Indian  term  meaning  "the  great 
river."     See  Bayou  State. 


NOTABLE  AMERICAN  SOBRIQUETS. 


69 


Mississippi  Bubble. — Sometimes  called  "Law's  Bubble" 
and  "South  Sea  Bubble."  The  delusive  speculation 
projected  by  John  Law  (1671-1729),  of  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  whereby  a  Mississippi  Company  having 
land  grants  in  Louisiana  was  expected  to  realize  im- 
mense sums  by  planting  and  commerce. 

Missouri. — An  Indian  name  of  a  tribe  and  the  river, 
meaning  "muddy  water." 

Missouri  Compromise.— Name  given  to  the  Act  of 
Congress  passed  in  1820,  admitting  Missouri  as  a 
slave  State,  but  providing  that  slavery  should  not  ex- 
ist in  the  future  in  any  State  formed  north  of  36°  30'. 

Modern  Athens. — An  epithet  applied  to  Boston,  Mass., 
on  account  of  the  intelligence  of  its  citizens  and  num- 
ber of  literary  institutions. 

Monumental  City. — The  City  of  Baltimore,  from  its 
many  monuments. 

Mother  Ann. — Title  conferred  on  Ann  Lee  (1736-1784), 
spiritual  mother  and  leader  of  the  Shaker  sect. 

Mother  of  Presidents. — A  name  frequently  applied  to 
Virginia,    which    has   furnished   many    Presidents   of 

.  the  United  States. 

Mother  of  States. — Virginia  is  sometimes  so  called 
from  having  been  first  settled  of  the  thirteen  States 
which  united  in  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

Mound  City. — Popular  name  of  St.  Louis,  on  account 
of  the  number  of  mounds  on  the  site  it  now  occupies. 

Nasby,  Petroleum  V. — Pen-name  of  David  Ross  Locke 

(1833-1888),  a  popular  American  humorist,  and  editor 

of  "Toledo  Blade." 
Nebraska. — From   Indian  name  of   its   river,   meaning 

"shallow  water." 
Nevada. — From   the   Spanish,  meaning  "snowy."     The 

Sierra    Nevada    are    the    "snowy    mountains."      See 

Silver  State. 
New   Albion. — Name   given   to  the   Pacific   coast   now 

included  in  the  States  of  Oregon  and  Washington. 

New  Amsterdam. — Early  name  of  New  York  City, 
when  occupied  by  the  Dutch. 

New  England. — Name  under  which  are  grouped  Maine, 
New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island  and  Connecticut. 

New  Hampshire. — See  Granite  State. 

New  Jersey. — So  named  by  its  first  proprietor,  Sir 
George  Carteret,  in  honor  of  the  defense  of  the  Isle 
of  Jersey. 

New  Netherlands. — Original  Dutch  name  for  the 
province  afterward  named  New  York  State. 

New  Sweden. — The  territory  claimed  by  Sweden,  in  the 
seventeenth  century,  between  Virginia  and  New  York. 

New  York. — Originally  New  Amsterdam,  after  Amster- 
dam in  Holland.  Name  changed  in  honor  of  Charles 
II  when  he  was  Duke  of  York.  See  Empire  State 
and  Excelsior  State. 

North  Carolina. — Carolina  was  named  after  either 
Charles  I  of  England  or  Charles  IX  of  France.  See 
Tar  State  and  Old  North  State. 

North  River. — The  Hudson  near  New  York  City  is  so 
called  to  distinguish  it  from  the  Delaware,  or  South 
River. 

Northwest  Territory. — The  non-slavery  region  north 
of  the  Ohio  River  and  between  Pennsylvania  and  the 
Mississippi.     Now  divided  into  five  States. 

Nutmeg  State. — Popular  name  for  Connecticut,  whose 
people  have  been  accused  of  palming  off  wooden  nut- 
megs for  the  genuine  article. 


Nym  Crinkle. — Pen-name  of  Andrew  C.  Wheeler,  a 
popular  American  journalist. 

Ohio. — An  Indian  name  meaning  "beautiful"  or  "great 
river."     See  Buckeye  State. 

Old  Bullion. — A  sobriquet  conferred  on  Thomas  H. 
Benton  (1782-1858),  on  account  of  his  advocacy  of  a 
gold  and   silver  currency. 

Old  Colony. — Popular  name  of  that  part  of  Massa- 
chusetts embraced  in  the  Plymouth  Colony,  formed 
before  the  colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay. 

Old  Commoner. — Title  applied  to  the  Pennsylvania 
statesman,  Thadcleus  Stevens,  on  account  of  plain 
views  and  long  service  in  Congress. 

Old  Dominion. — Popular  name  for  Virginia,  to  dis- 
tinguish it  from  all  the  other  colonies  once  embraced 
under  the  title  of  "Colony  and  Dominion  of  Virginia." 

Old  Glory. — Popular  name  for  United  States  flag. 

Old  Hickory. — A  sobriquet  conferred  on  Gen.  An- 
drew Jackson  by  his  soldiers  in  1813. 

Old  Hunkers. — A  nickname  formerly  conferred  on  the 
conservative  element  of  the  Democratic  party,  es- 
pecially in  New  York  State. 

Old  Ironsides. — Popular  name  for  the  United  States 
frigate  "Constitution,"  launched  at  Boston,  September 
20,  1797.  Her  career  in  the  war  with  Tripoli  (1804) 
and  in  the  War  of  1812  has  been  celebrated  in  "Old 
Ironsides,"   a  poem  by  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes. 

Old  Man  Eloquent. — An  expression  derived  from  Mil- 
ton and  popularly  applied  to  John  Quincy  Adams, 
sixth  President  of  the  United  States. 

Old  Man  of  the  Mountain. — A  term  applied  to  a 
projection  of  Profile  Mountain,  New  Hampshire, 
which  resembles  a  human  face  when  viewed  from  a 
certain  angle. 

Old  North  State. — A  popular  designation  of  the  State 
of  North  Carolina. 

Old  Probabilities. — A  nickname  for  the  United  States 
Weather  Bureau;  curtailed  to  Old  Probs. 

Old  Public  Functionary. — Sobriquet  applied  to  James 
Buchanan,  by  himself,  in  his  annual  message  to  Con- 
gress in  1859. 

Oldstyle,  Jonathan. — Nom  de  plume  of  Washington 
Irving  as  contributor  (1802)  to  the  "Morning  Chron- 
icle," a  Democratic  journal  of  New  York  City. 

Omnibus  Bill. — Henry  Clay's  Compromise  bill  of  1850, 
because  of  its  provisions  as  to  slavery  or  freedom 
for  various  Territories   seeking   Statehood. 

Oneida  Community. — A  communistic  village  in 
Madison  County,  N.  Y.,  founded  by  J.  H.  Noyes  in 
1838. 

Optic,  Oliver. — Pseudonym  of  William  Taylor  Adams 
(b.  1822),  the  American  writer  of  juvenile  works. 

Oregon. — Indian  name  of  its  river,  meaning  "River  of 
the  West." 

Osawatomie  Brown. — Sobriquet  of  John  Brown,-  the 
Abolitionist,  who  made  a  fight  at  Osawatomie,  Kans., 
against  pro-slavery  missionaries  who  invaded  the 
State. 

Oyster  State. — Name  sometimes  applied  to  Maryland, 
on  account  of  its  oyster  industry. 

Palmetto  State. — Nickname  for  South  Carolina,  from 
the  palmetto  tree  on  its  coat-of-arms. 

Panama  Canal. — The  canal  projected  across  the  Isth- 
mus of  Panama ;  begun  by  a  French  company  under 
De  Lesseps,  1881 ;  title  sold  to  the  United  States,  1903, 
for  $40,000,000. 


70 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


Panhandle  State. — Nickname  for  West  Virginia,  from 
its  iong,  narrow  projection  between  the  Ohio  River 
and  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 
Parley,  Peter. — Pen-name  of  Samuel  G.  Goodrich 
(1793-1860),  American  author  of  popular  juvenile 
books. 

Pathfinder. — Title  of  one  of  Cooper's  Leather-Stock- 
ing series  of  stories,  and  sobriquet  of  its  hero,  Natty 
Bumppo.  The  Western  explorer,  Gen.  John  C.  Fre- 
mont (1813-180.0),  was  called  "The  Pathfinder  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains." 

Paupuckkeewis. — The  mischievous  magician  in  Long- 
fellow's "Hiawatha." 

Peninsular  State. — Florida  is  often  so  called,  from  its 
shape. 

Pennsylvania. — From  Penn  and  Sylva,  wood,  equal  to 
Penn's  wood.     See  Keystone  State. 

Pennsylvania  Farmer. — Pen-name  of  John  Dickinson 
(1732-1808),  of  Pennsylvania,  as  a  writer  (1768)  of 
a  series  of  letters  to  the  British  colonies.  They  were 
published  in  London  and  Paris. 

Pepper,  K.  N. — That  is,  "Cayenne  Pepper,"  a  punning 
pen-name  of  James  W.  Morris,  an  American  humorist. 

Philadelphia. — See  City  of  Brotherly  Love. 

Pictured  Rocks. — Cliffs  on  the  southern  shore  of  Lake 
Superior,  consisting  of  eroded  figures  on  the  sea  face. 

Pine-Tree  State. — Popular  name  for  the  State  of 
Maine,  on  account  of  its  pine  forests. 

Plowshare,  John. — Pen-name  of  Alfred  Sharpless 
(1821-1903),  of  West  Chester,  Pa.,  an  eminent 
political  writer  and  reformer.  Member  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends. 

Poor  Richard. — See  Saunders,  Richard. 

Porcupine,  Peter. — Pseudonym  of  William  Corbett 
(1762-1835),  author  of  the  "Porcupine  Papers"  and 
editor  of  "Peter  Porcupine  Gazette,"  established  in 
Philadelphia,  1796. 

Porkopolis. — Cincinnati  was  so  called  at  a  time  when 
it  was  noted  as  a  hog-slaughtering  center. 

Porte  Crayon. — Pen-name  of  David  Hunter  Strother, 
artist  and  author  of  "Sketches  in  Virginia." 

Prairie  State. — A  name  by  which  the  State  of  Illinois 
is  sometimes  called,  owing  to  its  prairie  stretches. 

Prynne,  Hester. — Heroine  of  Hawthorne's  "The  Scar- 
let Letter." 

Pure,  Simon. — Name  of  the  Pennsylvania  Quaker  in- 
troduced into  Mrs.  Centlivre's  comedy  of  "A  Bold 
Stroke  for  a  Wife."  "Simon  Pure"  has  come  to 
mean  "the  real  man,"  "the  genuine  article." 

Puritan  City. — A  name  sometimes  applied  to  Boston, 
in  allusion  to  the  character  of  its  founders  and  early 
settlers. 

Quackenbos. — Pseudonym  of  George  Payno  (1826- 
1881),  American  teacher  and  author. 

Quaker  City.-r-Popular  name  for  Philadelphia,  settled 
by  Penn  and  his  colony  of  Friends. 

Quaker  Poet. — A  common  designation  of  John  Green- 
leaf  Whittier  (1807-1892),  the  distinguished  American 
poet,  who  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

Queen  City. — A  popular  name  for  Cincinnati  when  it 

was  the  commercial  metropolis  of  the  West. 
Rail  Splitter. — A  popular  designation  of  Abraham 
Lincoln  (1809-1865),  from  the  fact  that  the  splitting 
of  rails  was  one  of  his  employments  when  young. 
Redcoats. — A  name  given  by  the  Americans  to  the 
British  soldiery  during  the  Revolution,  from  their 
scarlet  uniform. 


Rhode  Island. — With  some,  from  the  "Isle  of  Rhodes ;" 
with  others,  from  the  Dutch  word  "Roode,"  red 
island.     See  Little  Rhody. 

Roe,  Richard. — A  nominal  defendant  in  ejectment 
actions,  coupled  with  John  Doe  as  plaintiff. 

Rough  and  Ready. — A  sobriquet  given  to  Gen.  Zachary 
Taylor  (1784-1850),  twelfth  President  of  the  United 
States. 

Sage  of  Monticello. — Sobriquet  of  Thomas  Jefferson, 
so  called  from  his  home  in  Virginia. 

St.  Nicholas. — Patron  saint  of  boys,  and  the  present- 
giver  at   Christmas. 

St.  Tammany. — The  Delaware  Indian  chief  Tammen- 
und  (Tammany).  The  name  was  adopted  by  the 
Tammany  Society  of  New  York  City,  founded  in  1789, 
which  subsequently  became  the  Democratic  political 
club  called  Tammany  Hall. 

Salt  River. — An  imaginary  river  up  which  defeated 
political  candidates  are  supposed  to  be  sent  to  oblivion. 
"To  row  up  Salt  River"  is  a  phrase  traceable  to  a 
Kentucky  stream  whose  passage  was  made  difficult 
by  its  crooked  course,  sand-bars  and  shallows. 

Sam. — A  popular  name  for  the  Know-nothing  or  Native 
American  party,  in  allusion  to  "Uncle  Sam,"  personi- 
fication of  the  United  States  Government. 

Sam,  Uncle. — See  Uncle  Sam. 

Sambo. — Colloquial  or  humorous  name  for  a  negro. 

Santa  Claus. — Dutch  name  for  St.  Nicholas. 

Saunders,  Richard. — The  feigned  name  under  which 
Benjamin  Franklin,  in  1732,  began  the  publication  of 
his  "Poor  Richard's  Almanac." 

Secessia. — A  popular  collective  name  used  to  designate 
the  States  which  seceded  from  the  Union  (1860-1861). 

Silver  State. — Nickname  of  Nevada,  on  account  of  its 
silver. 

Skinners. — Members  of  a  predatory  band  during  the 
Revolution,  who  professed  allegiance  to  the  Americans 
but  plundered  between  the  two  contending  armies. 

Slick,  Sam. — Title  and  hero  of  various  humorous  nar- 
ratives exaggerating  Yankee  character  and  dialect, 
and  written  by  Judge  Thomas  C.  Haliburton,  of 
Nova  Scotia. 

South  Sea. — Name  given  the  Pacific  Ocean  on  its  dis- 
covery by  Balboa,  1513. 

South  Sea  Bubble. — That  stupendous  English  stock- 
jobbing scheme  under  the  lead  of  the  South  Sea  Com- 
pany (1720),  which  burst  in  the  same  year,  wrecking 
thousands  of  fortunes. 

Stonewall  Jackson. — A  sobriquet  of  Gen.  Thomas 
Jonathan  Jackson  (1824-1863),  given  during  the  Civil 
War,  because  of  the  brave  stands  made  in  battles  by 
him  and  his  Confederate  soldiers. 

Sucker  State. — A  cant  name  for  Illinois,  whose  in- 
habitants are  called  "Suckers."  The  name  is  traced 
to  the  habit  of  early  travelers  who,  in  making  their 
way  across  the  State,  sucked  their  drinking  water 
through  a  reed  from  the  holes  made  by  the  fresh- 
water crawfish. 

Swamp  Fox. — A  nickname  for  Gen.  Francis  Marion, 
of  South  Carolina,  leader  of  a  patriot  band  during 
the  Revolution,  who,  after  harassing  the  British, 
made  many  successful  escapes  into  the  swamps  and 
forests. 

Symmes'  Hole. — Named  after  Capt.  John  C.  Symmes, 
an  American  soldier  (1780-1829),  who  supposed  there 
was  an  immense  opening  in  the  earth  at  the  Pole, 
communicating  with  the  interior  of  the  world. 


NOTABLE  AMERICAN  SOBRIQUETS. 


71 


Tammany,  St. — See  St.  Tammany. 

Tar  State. — Nickname  of  North  Carolina,  on  account 

of  its  tar  products. 
Tennessee. — Perhaps    so    named    from    the    Cherokee 

settlement  called  "Tanasse."     See   Big  Bend   State. 
Texas. — Some  say  from  an  Indian  tribe  of  the  same 

name;  some  from  the  Spanish  "tejas,"  covered  houses. 

See  Lone  Star  State. 

Tippecanoe. — Sobriquet  of  Gen.  W.  H.  Harrison,  con- 
ferred during  his  canvass  for  the  Presidency,  on  ac- 
count of  his  victory  over  the  Indians,  November  6, 
1811,  at  the  junction  of  the  Tippecanoe  and  Wabash 
Rivers. 

Titcomb,  Timothy. — Pen-name  of  J.  G.  Holland 
(1819-1881),  the  popular  American  author  and 
journalist. 

Topsy. — The  ignorant  but  jovial  slave-girl  in  "Uncle 
Tom's  Cabin,"  who  is  made  to  show  the  capacity  of 
the  negro  race  for  education. 

Twain,  Mark. — Pen-name  of  the  American  humorist, 
Samuel  Langhorne  Clemens.  It  was  originally  the 
nom  de  plume  of  Capt.  Isaiah  Sellers,  a  writer  of 
river  news  for  the  "New  Orleans  Picayune." 

Uncas. — "The  Last  of  the  Mohicans"  in  Cooper's  novel 
of  the  same  name. 

Uncle  Remus. — Hero  and  title  of  the  book  by  Joel 
Chandler  Harris,  which  pictures  an  old  plantation 
darkey,  full  of  songs  and  folk-lore  and  much  native 
wisdom  respecting  "Brer  Rabbit,"  "Brer  Fox"  and 
other  animal  characters. 

Uncle  Sam. — Colloquial  nickname  of  the  United  States 
Government.  Uncle  Sam  was  the  local  nickname  of 
Samuel  Wilson,  Government  inspector  of  provisions 
at  Troy,  N.  Y.,  during  the  War  of  1812.  The  initials 
U.  S.  (United  States)  marked  on  the  casks  were 
fncetiously  interpreted  as  standing  for  Uncle  Sam 
(Samuel  Wilson). 

Uncle  Tom. — The  negro  slave,  noted  for  piety  and 
fidelity,  whom  Mrs.  Stowe  made  the  hero  of  her 
"Uncle  Tom's  Cabin." 

Underground  Railroad. — Popular  embodiment  of  the 
numerous  ways  in  which  negroes  escaping  from 
slavery  were  assisted  in  their  flight  to  the  North  or 
to  Canada. 

Utah. — From  the  Ute  tribe  of  Indians  of  Utah  and 
Colorado. 

Venner,  Elsie. — Title  and  heroine  of  a  remarkable 
novel  by  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  in  which  a  snake- 
bite is  sunposed  to  have  contributed  both  personal 
beauty  and  traits  of  character. 


Vermont. — From  the  French  verd  mont,  green  moun- 
tain.    See  Green  Mountain  State. 

Virginia. — So  called  in  honor  of  Elizabeth,  "the  Virgin 
Queen."  See  Old  Dominion,  Mother  of  States, 
Mother  of  Presidents. 

Wagoner  Boy,  The.— Sobriquet  of  Hon.  Thomas  Cor- 
win  (1794-1865),  the  American  statesman,  who.  while 
a  lad,  was  a  teamster  in  Gen.  Harrison's  army. 

Ward,  Artemus. — Pseudonym  of  Charles  Farrar 
Browne  (1834-1867),  an  American  humorist,  whose 
productions  were  supposed  to  have  emanated  from 
an  itinerant  showman. 

Western  Reserve. — The  land  reserve  of  3,666,921  acr^s 
made  by  Connecticut  at  the  time  of  the  cession  of  the 
Northwest  Territory  to  the  United  States.  It  is  no  ,v 
a  part  of  Ohio.  , 

West  Virginia. — See  Panhandle  State. 

Whiskey  Insurrection. — Popular  name  of  the  outbreak 
of  1794  in  Western  Pennsylvania,  on  account  of  the 
excise  on  whiskey  imposed  by  the  law  of  1791.  It 
spread  to  Virginia,  and  was  suppressed  by  an  armed 
force  led  by  Gen.  Henry  Lee,  Governor  of  Virginia. 

White  House,  The. — A  name  popularly  given  to  the 
executive  mansion  at  Washington,  which  is  a  large 
building  of  free-stone  painted  white.  Colloquially, 
the  office  of  the  President. 

Windy  City. — Chicago  is  sometimes  so  called,  on  ac- 
count of  its  severe  lake  winds. 

Winkle,  Rip  Van. — The  good-natured,  idle  and  bibu- 
lous Dutch  settler  of  New  York,  whose  adventures 
and  twenty  years'  sleep  are  narrated  by  Washington 
Irving  in  his  "Sketch  Book." 

Wisconsin. — Named  from  its  chief  river,  the  "Ouiscon- 
sin"  of  the  French,  meaning  "flowing  westward."  See 
Badger  State. 

Wise  Men  of  Gotham. — See  Gotham. 

Wolverine  State. — Nickname  of  Michigan  and  its  in- 
habitants.   Probably  from  the  number  of  wolves. 

Yankee. — Generally  regarded  as  the  Indian  pronuncia- 
tion of  the  word  English  (Yengese)  or  the  French 
word  Anglais.  A  nickname  generally  applied  to  a 
native  of  New  England  or  of  a  Northern  State. 

Yankee  Doodle. — Name  of  a  tune  popularly  adopted 
as  one  of  the  national  airs  of  the  United  States ;  also, 
humorously,  a  Yankee. 

Yellow  Jack. — A  common  designation  of  the  yellow 
fever;  also,  of  a  quarantine  flag,  which  is  yellow. 

Young  America. — Popular  collective  name  of  American 
youth,  and  personification  of  their  supposed  charac- 
teristics. 


THE  SPELLINGS  OF  ENGLISH  WORDS. 


Not  until  the  invention  of  printing  did  English  spelling  begin  to  assume  the  importance 
which  was  its  due.  It  then,  unfortunately  for  the  language,  fell  largely  into  the  hands  of 
printers  who  consulted  their  own  whims  and  tastes  rather  than  those  structural  principles 
which  underlie  rational  orthography.  It  was  inevitable  that  incorrect  and  confused  spelling 
should  result.  Says  an  eminent  writer,  "The  spelling  of  the  masterpieces  of  Elizabethan 
literature   is   a   marvel   of   typographic    incompetency  and  orthographic  recklessness." 

The  folly  of  such  conditions,  seconded  by  the  criticism  which  fell  upon  the  printing  class, 
led  to  reaction,  and  by  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century  printers  themselves  began  to 
make  concerted  efforts  toward  more  uniform  spelling.  They  succeeded  in  setting  up  a  few 
uniform  spelling  standards,  but  inasmuch  as  they  knew  little  of  the  principles  of  adjusting 
spelling  to  pronunciation,  their  work  was,  in  general,  that  upon  the  surface,  "arbitrary,  me- 
chanical and  unscientific."  When  English  dictionaries  began  to  come  into  vogue  their 
makers  accepted,  to  a  very  large  extent,  the  spelling  standards  of  the  printers,  and  thus  perpetu- 
ated the  existing  orthographic  crudities  and  inconsistencies.  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson,  in  his  dic- 
tionary, published  in  1755,  projected  a  system  of  spelling  which,  he  claimed,  would  help 
to  fix  the  external  form  of  the  language,  but  his  failure  to  fit,  his  practise  to  his  theory 
showed  how  hard  a  problem  he  had  undertaken  to  solve.  Many  subsequent  attempts  have 
been  made  to  reduce  the  spelling  of  words  to  a  uniform  system.  The  most  frequent  and 
strongest  of  these  have  been  made  by  associations  of  learned  men  in  both  England  and 
America.  The  modern  dictionaries  of  both  countries  are  ably  seconding  the  work  of  the  asso- 
ciations, and  exercising  a  wholesome  influence  on  uniformity  and  simplicity  of  spelling.  Dr. 
Noah  Webster's  dictionary,  published  in  1828,  was  the  first  in  America  to  exercise  marked 
orthographic  influence  here.  Subsequent  editions  of  his  work  continued  to  improve  his  sys- 
tem, though  with  caution  and  conservatism.  The  rules  for  spelling  certain  classes  of  words 
as  found  below  are,  in  great  part,  those  found  in  the  latest  edition  of  the  Webster,  known  as 
the  International  Dictionary. 

SPELLING  RULES.  seldom  doubled ;  as  in  ail,  peat,  haul,  door,  maim.   Guess 

Rule  I.— At  the  end  of  words  of  one  syllable,  and  looks  like  an  exception,  but  the  u  is  inserted  merely  to 

immediately  after  a  single  vowel,  the  letters  f  and  /  are  harden  the  g. 

generally  doubled;  as  in  staff,  cliff,  puff ;  all,  bell,  call,  RuLE  V.— In  words  of  a  single  syllable,  ending  in  c 
hill,  null.    Important  exceptions  are  clef,  if,  of,  pal,  nil,  (pronounced  as  k)  after  a  vowel,  the  k  is  usually  made 
s°l-  to  follow  the  c;  as  in  black,  fleck,  knock,  buck.     Ex- 
Rule  II. — The  letter  s  at  the  end  of  a  word  of  one  ceptions  are  talc,  zinc,  arc,  disc,  etc. 

syllable,  and  immediately  after  a  single  vowel,  is  gener-  m         -.rr      ur     j       c  ^  n  r,  ,- 

oil,,  An!,MoA.  00  ;„  „„„L    >.-„*„    u-,  ,  t  Rule  VI. — Words  of  more  than  one  syl  able,  ending 

ally  doubled ;  as  in  grass,  press,  hiss,  moss,  truss.     Im-  •      •  •       /  .    ,         .-.  ■  ..J        ■  ,,      1  .u 

portant  exceptions  are  as,  gas,  yes,  his,  this,  pins,  thus,  '"  !C  or  mC   (c  ,sounded  ,as  *)■  ,are  written  without  the 

us.     This  rule  does  not  apply  when  *     is  used  to  form  *•  "  maniac>  ^&iac,  zodiac   cubic,  music,  public.    Der- 

the  possessive  case  or  plural  of  a   noun,  or  the   third  nck  Vm  "S^Tt,        '  V"  ?  °1  "^  f? 

„.„„„  c:„„„i.,  _f  _  „_,i,.   „„   •     \m.-jjJ  u  1  one  syllable  the  c  follows  any  other  vowels  than  1  and  1a, 

person  singular  ot  a  verb:  as  in  spades,  bones,  loves,  i.      ;  j-       •      ,       J  ,  ,    ,  >    ,  ■,,     , 

has   was   etc  """•««  tne  COmmon  ending  is  ck;  as  barrack,  hammock,  hillock, 

'        '       '  zvedlock.     Almanac,  manioc,  havoc,  and  a  few  others 

Rule  III. — In  a  few  instances  the  consonants  b,  d,  g,  are  exceptions. 
m,  n,  p,  r,  t  and  z  follow  Rule  I  and  double  the  last  t>         „Tr     „,,  ,  .     ,     .      ,  ,  ., 

consonant;  as  in  ebb,  odd,  egg,  Finn,  bunn,  parr,  err,  ^-ULE  VILrW,h.en  one)vvord  >f.  derived  from  another 

mitt    butt    bwz  ending  in  c,  by  adding  a  termination  ending  in  e.  1  or  y, 

'         '  a  k  is  made  to  follow  the  c,  to  prevent  the  sounding  of 

Rule  IV. — A  consonant  at  the  end  of  a  word,  and  c   as    s;    as,    colic,    colicky;    traffic,    trafficker;    physic, 

immediately  following  a  diphthong  or  double  vowel,  is  physicking. 

(72) 


THE  SPELLINGS  OF  ENGLISH  WORDS. 


73 


Rule  VIII. — When  one  word  is  derived  from  another 
ending  in  a  consonant  preceded  by  a  vowel,  the  same 
being  a  monosyllable  or  word  accented  on  the  last 
syllable,  the  final  consonant  is  doubled ;  as,  clan,  clan- 
nish; plan,  planning;  bag,  bag'gage;  hot,  hot'ter, 
hot'test;  squat,  squat 'ter.  Gas,  gaseous  is  an  exception. 
Other  exceptions  are  found  in  derivatives  in  which  the 
accent  of  the  primitive  word  is  thrown  back  a  syllable; 
as,  prefer' ,  preference ;  defer' ,  deference. 

Rule  IX. — But  when  a  diphthong  precedes  the  final 
consonant  of  a  word,  or  the  accent  falls  on  other  than 
the  last  syllable,  or  the  ending  be  in  two  different  con- 
sonants, the  final  consonant  is  not  doubled  in  deriva- 
tives formed  by  the  addition  of  a  termination  beginning 
with  a  vowel ;  as,  daub,  daub ' er;  brief ,  briefer;  rev  el, 
reveler;  travel,  traveler;  perform' ,  performer.  There 
are  a  few  exceptions,  like  humbug,  humbugged.  The 
derivatives  of  kidnap  are  spelled  with  either  a  single  or 
double  p.  There  is  much  diversity  of  opinion  and  usage 
among  lexicographers  as  to  the  spellings  under  Rule 
IX. 

Rule  X. — Derivatives  from  words  ending  in  a  double 
consonant,  by  adding  one  or  more  syllables,  generally 
retain  both  consonants;  as,  ebb,  ebbing;  stiff,  stiffness; 
skill,  skillful;  full,  fullness.  An  exception  is  pontiff, 
pontificial.  In  words  like  ill,  illy,  one  /  is  dropped  out 
to  save  repeating  it  three  times;  when  the  termination 
is  less,  the  three  I's  may  be  retained  with  the  use  of  a 
hyphen;  as,  skill-less;  or  the  hyphen  and  one  /  may  be 
omitted;  as,  skilless. 

Rule  XL— When  derivatives  are  formed  from  words 
ending  in  e  silent,  the  e  is  mostly  retained  if  the  termi- 
nation begins  with  a  consonant;  as,  fale,  paleness;  hate, 
hateful;  move,  movement.  But  when  the  e  is  preceded 
by  a  vowel  other  than  itself  it  is  often  dropped  from 
the  derivative ;  as,  due,  duly;  awe,  azvful.  There  are 
many  exceptions  to  this  rule ;  as,  wholly,  wisdom,  judg- 
ment, etc. 

Rule  XII. — When  words  ending  in  e  silent  go  to 
form  derivatives  beginning  with  a  vowel,  the  e  is 
generally  omitted ;  as,  bride,  bridal;  plume,  plumage; 
force,  forcible.  But  for  reasons  of  pronunciation  the 
e  is  retained  in  hoeing,  shoeing,  dyeing,  peaceable, 
changeable,  outrageous,  saleable,  and  a  list  of  like  words. 
Many  lexicographers  dispute  the  second  part  of  this 
rule  and  spell  according  to  the  first  part. 

Rule  XIII. — When  words  ending  in  •*  go  to  form 
derivatives  ending  in  ing,  the  e  is  usually  dropped  and 
the  i  changed  into  y;  as,  die,  dying;  lie,  lying;  tie,  tying. 

Rule  XIV. — Words  ending  in  y  preceded  by  a  con- 
sonant form  derivatives  by  changing  the  y  into  i,  except 
when  the  part  added  begins  with  »  or  y;  as,  pity,  pitiful; 


icy,  iciest;  mercy,  merciless.  But  adjectives  of  one 
syllable  are  exceptions ;  as,  dry,  dryly;  shy,  shyness; 
sly,  slyest;  but  dry,  driest  is  common,  when  the  deriva- 
tive is  formed  by  adding  the  termination  ship,  the  y  is 
generally  retained;  as,  lady,  ladyship;  surety,  surety- 
ship. 

Rule  XV. — Derivatives  formed  by  adding  a  termina- 
tion to  words  ending  in  y  preceded  by  a  vowel  general- 
ly retain  the  y;  as,  play,  player;  obey,  obeying;  buy, 
buying.  Exceptions  are :  day,  daily;  lay,  laid;  pay,  paid; 
say,  said;  stay,  staid. 

Rule  XVI. — Derivatives  formed  by  adding  a  syllable 
to  words  ending  in  a  vowel  sound  generally  retain 
the  letters  corresponding  to  that  sound;  as,  agree, 
agreeable;  weigh,  weighing;  echo,  echoed. 

Rule  XVII.— Derivatives  formed  by  prefixes  to  words 
ending  in  double  consonants  generally  retain  both  con- 
sonants; as,  tipstaff,  foretell,  fulfill,  enroll.  Until  is  an 
exception. 

Rule  XVIII. — Hyphenated  compound  words  retain 
the  letters  of  the  simple  words ;  as,  stiff-necked,  dull- 
eyed,  brick-yard. 

Rule  XIX. — Analogy  requires  that  the  noun  and 
verb  which  are  pronounced  alike  should  agree  in  spell- 
ing; as  notice,  noticed;  poultice,  poulticing;  office, 
officer. 

Rule  XX. — Defense,  expense,  offense  and  pretense 
are  better  spelled  with  an  s  than  a  c,  because  the  words 
from  which  they  are  derived  contain  an  s,  and  j  is 
used  in  all  their  derivatives ;  as,  defensive,  expensive, 
etc. 

Rule  XXI. — Words  like  centre,  metre,  theatre,  etc., 
are  now  written  by  many  authors  center,  meter,  theater, 
etc.  But  acre,  lucre,  massacre,  etc.,  retain  the  re  in 
order  to  preserve  the  hard  sound  of  the  c. 

Rule  XXII. — There  is  a  long  list  of  words  ending 
in  ise  or  ise,  as  civilize,  criticise  or  criticize,  which  ad- 
mit of  both  spellings.  It  may  be  said  that  in  England 
ise  is  most  used,  and  in  the  United  States,  ize;  though 
we  still  retain  advertise,  advise,  apprise,  arise,  chastise, 
circumcise,  comprise,  compromise,  criticise,  demise, 
despise,  devise,  franchise,  disguise,  exercise,  merchan- 
dise, revise,  surmise,  surprise,  etc. 

Rule  XXIII. — The  English  termination  our,  as  in 
honour,  favour,  etc.,  is  now  almost  universally  spelled 
or  in  the  United  States ;  as,  honor,  favor,  labor,  vigor. 

Rule  XXIV. — The  old  termination  pede  (pes,  the 
foot)  is  now  mostly  written  ped;  as,  biped,  centiped, 
quadruped,  etc.  .We  have,  however,  centipede  and 
velocipede. 


COMPARATIVE  VIEW   OF  DISPUTED 

SPELLINGS. 


Here  is  given  a  comparative  view  of  the  most  important  spellings  Of  miscellaneous  words  from 
the  Standard,  Century,  Webster  and  Worcester  dictionaries — the  four  leading  ones  of  America.  The 
English  dictionaries;  that  is.those  published  in  England,  show  an  equal,  if  not  greater  diversity  in 
spelling. 

In  the  following  list  S  stands  for  Standard,  C  for  Century,  W  for  Webster  and  Wr.  for  Wor- 
cester. 

The  first  spelling  of  each  of  the  words  presented  is  always  that  preferred  by  the  Standard  diction- 
ary. It  will  be  found  on  examination  to  be  also  that  upon  which  all  the  above  dictionaries  are  most 
generally  agreed,  though  many  of  them  have  taken  the  pains  to  give  alternate  spellings,  in  the  order 
of  their  preferences. 

The  plain  initials,  S,  C,  W,  or  Wr  indicate  that  the  first  spelling  of  the  words  presented  is 
the  one  preferred.  When  either  of  the  above  initial  letters  is  marked  with  a  superior  figure,  as  C2  or 
W2,  or  Wr.2  or  C3,  W3,  or  Wr.3,  said  superior  figure  means  that  the  dictionary  so  designated  prefers 
the  spelling  of  the  second  or  third  word  presented.  Three  as  a  superior  figure  seldom  occurs.  To  il- 
lustrate, take  the  word: 
distil,  distill  S.  C.  W2.  Wr. 

This  means  that  Webster  prefers  the  second  spelling  here  given,  or  distill,  and  that  the  Stand- 
ard, Century  and  Worcester  prefer  the  first  spelling,  or  distil. 

In  many  of  the  words  here  presented  there  is  agreement  as  to  preferential  spelling  among  all  of 
the  above  named  American  dictionaries.  In  such  cases  it  must  be  understood  that  the  second,  or 
disputed,  spelling  is  the  one  found  either  in  the  dictionaries  of  England,  or  in  those  of  inferior  author- 
ity in  America. 

abatis,  abattis, 

abetter,  abettor, 

abridgment,  abridgement, 

accessary,  accessory, 

accessory,  accessary, 

accouter,  accoutre, 

Achean,  Achaean,  Achaian, 

acknowledgment,  acknowledgement, 

aconitin,  aconitine, 

addable,  addible, 

addorsed,  adorsed, 

amittable,  admittible, 

adz,  adze, 

aerie,  aery,  eyrie,  eyry,  airy, 

agistor,  agister, 

aglet,  aiglet, 

agriculturist,  agriculturalist, 

aide-de-camp,  aid-de-camp, 

alanin,  alanine, 

Alcoran,  Alkoran, 

Algonkin,  Algonquin, 

aline,  align, 

alkahest,  alcahest, 

alkali,  alcali,  alcaly, 

ambassador,  embassador, 

(74) 


S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

ambergris,  ambergrease, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.' 

amianth,  amiantus,  amianthus, 

S.  C.*W.3Wr* 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

amortize,  amortise, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

amphitheater,  amphitheatre, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.* 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

amylin,  amyline, 

S.  C.        Wr.2 

S.  C.2W.  Wr." 

analyze,  analyse, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

anapest,  anapaest, 

S.  C.  W. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

anchoret,  anchorite, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

android,  androides, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.* 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.a 

anemia,  anaemia, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

S.  C2W. 

anent,  anenst, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

antiarin,  antiarine, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr." 

apheresis,  aphaeresis, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.2W.  Wr. 

apodixis,  apodeixis, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

apothegm,  apophthegm,  apothem, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

apothem,  apotheme, 

S.  C.  W. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

appal,  appall, 

S.  C.  W.sWr.s 

S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

appalment,  appallment, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

S.  C.  W.2 

appareled,  apparelled, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.* 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

apprize,  apprise, 

S.  C.2W.  Wr 

S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

arabin,  arabine, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.* 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

araeostyle,  areostyle, 

S.  C.2W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

arbalest,  arbalist, 

S.  C2W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

arbor,  arbour, 

S.C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

archeus,  archaeus, 

S.  C.2W.  Wr. 

COMPARATIVE   VIEW   OF  DISPUTED   SPELLINGS. 


75 


ardor,  ardour, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

argol,  argal, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

armor,  armour, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

arnut,  arnot, 

S.  C.  W.'Wr.2 

arsenate,  arseniate, 

S.  C.2W.  Wr.' 

asafetida,  asafcetida, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

asbestos,  asbestus, 

S.  C.  W.'Wr. 

ashlar,  ashler, 

S.  C2W.  Wr. 

assizer,  assizor,  assisor, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

astrean,  astraean, 

S.  C.  W.2 

attar,  ottar, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

attracter,  attractor, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

aunty,  auntie, 

S.  C.  W.2 

autopsic,  autopsical, 

S.  C.  W.2 

avocet,   avoset, 

S.  C.2W.  Wr." 

ax,  axe, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

ay  (always),  aye, 

S.  C.  W.2 

aye  (yes),  ay, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

back-stairs,  back-stair, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

backward,  backwards, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

bade,  bad, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

bailor,  bailer, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

backshish,  bakhshish,  backsheesh, 

S.  C.  W.nVr.s 

balk,  baulk, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

baluster,  banister,  balister, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

bandanna,  bandana, 

S.  C.2W.  Wr. 

bandoleer,  bandolier,  bandileer, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr! 

banian,  banyan, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

banns,  bans, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

baptistery,  baptistry, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

barbecue,  barbacue, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

bark,  barque, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

barreled,  barrelled, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

barytone,  baritone, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

basin,  bason, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

bass,  base, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

bastile,  bastille, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

bastinado,  bastinade, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

battledore,  battledoor, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

bauble,  bawble, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

bazaar,  bazar, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

befall,  befal, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

behavior,  behaviour, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

belabor,  belabour, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

beldam,  beldame, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

benumb,  benum, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

benzin,  benzine, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

bergamot,  burgamot, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

bestrew,  bestrow, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

beveled,  bevelled, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

biased,  biassed, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

binnacle,  binacie, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

bisk,  bisque, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

bister,  bistre, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

blamable,  blameable, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

boil,  bile, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

booze,  boose, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.' 

boozy,  boosy,  bousy, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

bourgeois,  burgeois, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

braize,  braise, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

brand-new,  bran-new, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

bridesmaid,  bridemaid, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

brier,  briar, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

brooch,  broach, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

brunette,  brunett, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

brusk,  brusque, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

buccaneer,  bucanier,  bucaneer, 

S.  C.'W.  Wr. 

bun,  bunn, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

buncombe,  bunkum, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

bunion,  bunyon. 

S.  C.  W.'Wr.' 

buxin,  buxina,  buxine, 

S.  C.  W.'Wr.' 

cacique,  cazique, 

caesura,  cesura, 

calcareous,  calcarious, 

caldron,  cauldron, 

caliber,  calibre, 

calif,  caliph,  kalif,  kaliph, 

calipers,  callipers, 

calk,  caulk, 

calligraphy,  caligraphy, 

calyx,  calix, 

camlet,  camblet,  camelot, 

camomile,  chamomile, 

camphor,  camphire, 

cannel,  canal,  candle, 

cannoneer,  cannonier, 

cantilever,  cantalever,  cantaliver, 

carat,  caract,  karat, 

caravansary,  caravansera, 

carnelian,  carnelion,  cornelian, 

caster,  castor, 

catchup,  ketchup,  catsup, 

catechize,  catechise, 

caviar,  caviare, 

centiped,  centipede, 

chalcedony,  calcedony, 

chalice,  calice, 

chap,  chop, 

char,  chare,  chore, 

check,  cheque, 

checker,  chequer, 

chints,  chintz, 

chlorid,  chloride, 

cigar,  segar, 

clarinet,  clarionet, 

clew,  clue, 

clinch,  clench, 

coddle,  codle, 

colander,  cullender, 

Coolie,   Cooly, 

coquette,  coquet, 

cordovan,  cordwain, 

cotillion,  cotillon, 

courtezan,  courtesan, 

cozy,  cosey, 

crawfish,  crayfish, 

crum,  crumb,  < 

cruse,  cruise, 

cyclopedia,  cyclopaedia, 

czar,  tzar,  tsar, 

dactyl,  dactyle, 
daisied,  dazied, 
defense,  defence, 
defier,  defyer, 
deflower,  deflour, 
delft,  delf,  delph, 
demeanor,  demeanour, 
dependant,  dependent, 
desolater,  desolator, 
despatch,  dispatch, 
detector,  detecter, 
detractor,  detracter, 
develop,  develope, 
devest,  divest, 
dialed,  dialled, 
diarrhea,  diarrhoea, 
dieresis,  diaeresis, 
dike,  dyke, 

disburden,    disburthen, 
disenthrall,  disinthrall, 
dishabille,  deshabille, 
disheveled,  dishevelled, 


S.  C.  W.2Wr.* 
S.  C2W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C3W.2Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.'Wr.' 
S.  C.  W.'Wr.2 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C'W.'Wr.' 
S.  C.  W.'Wr.' 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
C.  S.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.2W.  Wr. 
S.  C2W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.'Wr.' 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

s.  c.nv.nvr. 

S.  C.  W.'Wr.2 
S.  C.  W.'Wr.2 
S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.2W.'Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr.' 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.'Wr.2 
S.  C.'W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C'W.'Wr. 
S.  C.'W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.'Wr. 
S.  C.  W.'Wr.2 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C'W.'Wr.2 
S.  C.  W. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr.' 
S.  C  W.'Wr.' 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.'Wr.2 
S.  C.  W.'Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr.a 


76 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


disk,  disc,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

dissolvable,  dissolvible,  dissoluble,  S.  C.  W.3Wr. 

distil,  distill,  S.  C.  W.Wr. 

distrainer,  distrainor,  S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

doctoress,  doctress,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

dolor,  dolour,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

dory,  doree,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

dowry,  dowery,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

draft,  draught,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

dram,  drachm,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

driblet,  dribblet,  S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

drier,  dryer,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

driveler,  driveller,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

drought,  drouth,  drout,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

dryly,  drily,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

dryness,  driness,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

dueler,  dueller,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

dulness,  dullness,  S.  C.2W.2Wr. 

edile,  redile,  S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

embarkation,  embarcation,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

embassage,  embassy,  S.  C.2W.2Wr.2 

embitter,  imbitter,  S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

embosom,  imbosom,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

embound,  imbound,  S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

emir,  ameer,  S.  C.2W.  Wr. 

empale,  impale,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

enameler,  enameller,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

enamor,  enamour,  S.  C.2W.  Wr.2 

encase,  incase,  S.  C.2W.2Wr.2 

enclasp,  inclasp,  S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

enclose,  inclose,  S.  C.2W.2Wr. 

enclosure,  inclosure,  S.  C.2W.2Wr. 

encumbrance,  incumbrance,  S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

encyclopedia,  encyclopaedia,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

endeavor,  endeavour,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

endure,  indure,  S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

engulf,  ingulf,  S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

enroll,  enrol,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

enrolment,  enrollment,  S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

ensnare,  insnare,  S.  C.2W.2Wr. 

enthrall,  enthral,  inthrall,  S.  C.  W.»Wr.! 

entwine,  intwine,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

envelope,   envelop,  S.  C.2W.  Wr. 

epauleted,  epauletted,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

ephah,  epha,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

epistolize,  epistolise,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

equaled,  equalled,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

equerry,  equery,  S.  C.2W.  Wr. 

equivoke,  equivoque,  S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

esophagus,  oesophagus,  S.  C.  W. 

esthetics,  aesthetics,  S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

etilogy,  aetiology,'  S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

exactor,  exacter,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

fagot,  faggot,  ,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

farther,  further,  S.  C.2W.2Wr.2 

favor,  favour,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

fecal,  faecal,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

feces,  faeces,  S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

feldspar,   felspar,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

fetal,  fcetal,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

fetus,   foetus,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

fie,  fy,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

flavor,  flavour,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

flier,  flyer,  S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

flotage,    floatage,  S.  C.2W.  Wr. 

fluke,  flook,  flowk,  fleuk,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

fogy,  fogie,  fogey,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

foray,  forray,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

foss,  fosse,  S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

foundry,   foundery,  S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

frantic,   frenetic,   phrenetic,  S.  C.  W.  Wr. 


frowzy,   frouzy,   frousy, 
fueled,  fuelled, 
fugleman,   flugelman, 
fulfil,  fulfill, 
fulness,   fullness, 
fusee,   fusil, 
fusileer,  fusilier, 

gage,  gauge, 

gaiety,  gayety, 

gaily,  gayly, 

galosh,  golosh,  galoche,  goloche,  galoshe, 

gait,  gault,  golt, 

gamboled,  gambolled, 

gang,  gangue, 

gantlet,   gauntlet, 

garrote,  garote, 

gasoline,  gasolene, 

gastropod,  gasteropod, 

gavot,  gavotte, 

gazel,  gazelle, 

gelatin,  gelatine, 

germane,  germain,  german, 

gild,  guild, 

gipsy,  gypsy, 

girasol,  girasole, 

glave,  glaive, 

globulin,   globuline, 

glycerin,  glycerine, 

goiter,  goitre, 

good-by,  good-bye, 

gormand,  gourmand, 

gram,  gramme, 

graveled,  gravelled, 

gray,  grey, 

groveler,  groveller, 

gruesome,   grewsome, 

Guelf,   Guelph, 

guerrilla,   guerilla, 

hallo,   halloo,  hollo,  holla,  hello, 

harbor,  harbour, 

harken,  hearken, 

hashish,  hasheesh, 

havoc,  havock 

hematic,  haematic, 

hemorrhage,  haemorrhage, 

hiccup,  hiccough,  hickup, 

Hindu,  Hindoo, 

hindrance,   hinderance, 

hoarhound,  horehound, 

homeopathy,  homoeopathy, 

homonym,  homonyme, 

honor,  honour, 

hoopoe,  hoopoo, 

hostelry,   hostlery,   osterly,   ostlery, 

hoveler,  hoveller 

humor,  humour, 

hypotenuse,  hypothenuse, 

idolize,  idolise, 
illegalize,  illegalise, 
immaterialize,    immaterialise 
immersable,  immersible, 
immortalize,    immortalise 
impaneled,  impanelled, 
imperiled,   imperilled, 
incloister,  encloister, 
indart,  endart, 
indelible,  indeleble, 
indicter,  indictor, 
indigotin,  indigotine, 
indin,  indine, 


S. 

C.  W.  Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr. 

s. 

C.2W. 

2Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

2Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

2Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

2Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

3\Vr.5 

s. 

c. 

w. 

2Wr2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

2W. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

C.2W. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

2W. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

»w. 

3Wr.3 

s. 

c. 

w. 

2Wr> 

s. 

c. 

w. 

2\vn2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

2Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

2Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W. 

2Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

t 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w: 

'Wr.' 

s. 

c. 

w.nvr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

\Y.2\Yr.2 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr.* 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.* 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.* 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.* 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

s. 

C.2W. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.' 

COMPARATIVE   VIEW   OF   DISPUTED   SPELLINGS. 


77 


indiscerpible,  indiscerptible, 
indite,  endite, 
indorse,  endorse, 
inferable,   inferrible, 
ingrain,  engrain, 
inventor,  inventer, 

Jacobin,  Jacobine, 
jail,  goal, 

jailer,  goaler,  jailor, 
jaunty,  janty, 
jetty,  jutty, 
jeweled,  jewelled, 
jewelry,  jewellery, 
jowl,  jole,  joll, 
julep,  julap,  juleb, 
junket,  juncate, 
just,  joust, 

Kafir,  Kaffir,  Kaffer,  Caffre, 
kale,  kail,  cail, 
kaleidophone,  kaleidophon, 
kapellmeister,  capellmeister, 
keelhaul,  keelhale, 
keg,  cag, 

kenneled,  kennelled, 
kermess,  kirmess, 
khamsin,  kamsin, 

labeled,  labelled, 

labor,  labour, 

lac,  lakh,  lack, 

lacrimal,   lachrymal,   Iacrymal, 

laureled,  laurelled, 

leach,  leech,  letch, 

lectern,  lecturn,   lectorne, 

ledgment,  ledgement, 

leger,  ledger, 

leveled,  levelled, 

libeled,  libelled, 

license,  licence, 

licorice,  liquorice, 

likable,  likeable, 

Linnean,  Linnaean, 

liter,   litre, 

llama,  lama, 

loadstar,  lodestar, 

lodestone,  loadstone, 

lodgment,  lodgement, 

louver,  louvre,  loover, 

lunge,  longe, 

macaw,  macao, 

maccaboy,    maccouba,    maccoboy 

mama,  mamma,  mammy, 

mameluke,  mamaluke, 

Manchu,   Manchoo,   Mantchoo, 

maneuver,  manoeuver,  manoeuvre, 

mangel-wurzel,   mangold-wurzel, 

margaron,  margarone, 

mark,  marc, 

marshaler,  marshaller, 

marten,  martin, 

martingale,  martingal, 

marveled,  marvelled, 

meager,  meagre, 

medaled,  medalled, 

medic,  medick, 

medieval,  mediaeval, 

metaled,  metalled, 

meter,  metre. 

milleped,  milliped,  millipede, 

mistletoe,  misseltoe,  misletoe, 


S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

miter,  mitre, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

mode,  mood, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

modeled,   modelled, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

Mohammedan,  Mahometan,  Mahomedan, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

mold,  mould, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

molt,  moult, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

moneyed,  monied, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

moneys,  monies, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

mopsy,  mopsey, 

S.  C.  W.2\Vr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

mortgagor,  mortgager,  mortgageor, 

S.  C2W.3Wr.» 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

mullein,  mullen, 

S.  C2W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

multiped,  multipede, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C  W.  Wr.2 

muscatel,  muscadel, 

S.  C2W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

mustache,  moustache, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

muxy,  mucksy, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

naught,  nought, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.2 

neighbor,  neighbour, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

niter,  nitre, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

noblesse,  nobless, 

s.  c.  w.nvr* 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

obfuscate,  offuscate, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.2 

ocher,   ochre,  oker, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

ochery,  ochry,  ochrey, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.' 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.' 

octoped,  octopede, 

S.  C.  W.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr; 

odalisk,  odalisque, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

S.  C.  W.2 

odor,  odour, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

offense,  offence, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr* 

oleomargarin,   oleomargarine, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.» 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

olio,  oglio, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

omber,  ombre, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

omneity,  omniety, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.» 

S.  C.2W.  Wr. 

opuscule,  opuscle, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr* 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

oriflamme,  oriflamb, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.a 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

orthopedic,  orthopaedic, 

S.  C2VV.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.'Wr.s 

ossein,  osseine,  ostein, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.i 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

osteitis,  ostitis, 

S.  C.  W. 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

oxid,   oxide,  oxyd,  oxyde, 

S.  C.  W.2\Vr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

oyes,  oyez, 

S.  G.  W.2Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

palestra,   pakestra, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

panchway,  pansway, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W. 

pandour,  pandoor, 

S.  C.2W.  Wr.' 

S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

paneled,  panelled, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

pantile,  pentile, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

pantograph,  pantagraph, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C2W.  Wr. 

papoose,  pappoose, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

paraffin,  paraffine, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

paralleled,  parallelled, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

parallelepiped,    parallelopiped, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

S.  C2W. 

paralyze,   paralyse, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

parceled,   parcelled, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

parlor,  parlour, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C2W.  Wr.2 

parol,  parole, 

S.  C2W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

parrakeet,   paraquet,  paroquet, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.' 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

parrel,  parral, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.« 

partizan,  partisan, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

S.  C.2W.  Wr.' 

pasha,  pacha,   pashaw, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

patchouli,  patchouly, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

peascod,  peasecod, 

S.  C.2W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

pedler,  peddler,  pedlar, 

S.  C2W.2Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

pedobaptist,  paedobaptist, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

pemmican,  pemican, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

penciled,  pencilled. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

penology,  paenology, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

periled,  perilled. 

S.  C.  W. 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

peroxid,  peroxide, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

petrolin,  petroline, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

pewit,  peewit,  pewet,  peetweet, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

S.  C.  W. 

Phenician,  Phcenician, 

S.  C.  W.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

phenicin,  phenecine, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

phenix,  phcenix, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

phenology,  phcenology, 

s.  c.  w. 

78 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


phenyl,   phenyle, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

picul,  pecttl, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

pincers,    pinchers, 

S.  C.  W.2\Vr.2 

plot,  plat, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

plow,  plough, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

pluviometer,  pluviameter, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

polyp,   polype, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

porcelane,  porcellane, 

S.  C. 

portress,  porteress, 

S.  C.2W.  Wr. 

pouter,  powter, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

practise,  practice, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

pretense,  pretence, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

pretor,  praetor, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

program,  programme, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

prologize,  prologuize, 

S.  C.2W.  Wr. 

provedor,  provedore, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

ptyalin,  ptyaline, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

pullicat,    pulicat,   pullicate, 

S.  C.  W.3Wr.3 

purr,  purre, 

s.  c.  w;wr. 

purslane,  purslain, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

pyemia,  pyaemia,  pyhaemia, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

quarreled,  quarrelled, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

quartet,  quartette, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

quaterfoil,   quarterfoil,  quatrefoil, 

S.  C.3W.2Wr.2 

qtiestor,  quaetor, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

quintet,  quintette, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

quitter,  quittor, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

raccoon,  racoon,  rackoon, 

S.  C.2W.  Wr. 

radical,  radicle, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

raja,  rajah, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

Rajput,  Rajpoot, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

rattan,   ratan, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

raven,  ravin, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

raze,  rase, 

S.  C.2W.2Wr. 

reconnaissance,  reconnoissance, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

reconnoiter,   reconnoitre, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

redout,  redoubt, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

reenforce,  reinforce, 

S.  C.2W.  Wr. 

referable,  referrible, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

regrator,   regrater, 

S.  C2W.2Wr. 

retroflexion,   retroflection, 

S.  C2W. 

reveled,  revelled, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

reverie,  revery, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

reynard,  renard, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

ridable,  rideable, 

S.  C.  W. 

ritornelle,  ritornello, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

rivaled,  rivalled, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

rotunda,   rotundo, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

roweled,  rowelled, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.» 

rubicel,  rubicelle, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

ruche,  rouche, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

rundle,  rundel, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

saber,  sabre, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

Sabianism,  Sabaism,   Sabaeism, 

S.  C.2W.  Wr.2 

salaam,  salam, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

salep,   salop,  saleb, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

salmi,  salmis, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

saltier,  saltire, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

saltpeter,  saltpetre, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

Sambo,  Zambo, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

samester,  samestre, 

S.  C.        Wr.2 

sandarac,   sandarach, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

Sanhedrin,    Sanhedrim, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

Sanskrit,  Sanscrit, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.' 

sapodilla,    sapodillo,    sappodilla, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr." 

sappar,  sappare, 

S.  C.  W.'Wr. 

sarsenet,  sarcenet, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

Savior,  Saviour, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

scamel,  scamell,  scammel, 

scathe,  scaith,  scath, 

scepter,  sceptre, 

scot-free,  shot-free, 

scow,  skow, 

seawan,    seawane,    seawant, 

Sebat,  Shebat, 

Seidlitz,   Sedlitz, 

seizin,  seisin, 

semeiography,  semiography, 

Semitic,  Shemitic, 

semolina,  semolino, 

septemia,   septaemia, 

sepulcher,   sepulchre, 

sextet,  sextette,  sestett, 

Shakespearian,     Shakespearean,     Shak- 

sperian, 
Shekinah,  Shechinah, 
sherif,   scherif,    shereef,    sheriff, 
shoveled,   shovelled, 
shriveled,  shrivelled, 
silicious,   siliceous, 
sillibub,    sillabub,    syllabub, 
simitar,  cimeter,  cimiter,  scimitar,  scimiter, 
sirup,  syrup,  sirop, 
skeptic,  sceptic,  skeptick,  sceptick, 
skilful,  skillful, 
slay,  sley,  slaie, 
sloke,  sloak,  sloakan,  slokan, 
smell-less,  smelless, 
smolder,  smoulder, 
sniveler,  sniveller, 
solan,   soland, 
somber,  sombre, 
somersault,  somerset, 
sorbin,  sorbine, 
specter,    spectre, 
spicknel,  spignel, 
stenciler,  stenciller, 
subungual,  subunguial, 
sulfureted,  sulphureted,  sulphuretted, 
swanky,  swankie, 
swap,  swop, 
swiple,  swipel,  swipple, 
syenite,  sienite, 
sylvan,  silvan, 
syneresis,  synaeresis, 
synonym,  synonyme, 

tarpaulin,  tarpauling,  tarpawling, 

tartan,  tartane, 

tasset,  tasse, 

Tatar,  Tartar, 

taut,  taught, 

teazel,   teasel,   teasle,  teazle, 

tellureted,  telluretted, 

tenail,  tenaille, 

tendriled,  tendrilled, 

theater,  theatre, 

Theatin,  Theatine, 

tibet,  thibet, 

tiffing,   tiffin, 

timbal,  tymbal, 

tingeing,  tinging, 

tinseled,  tinselled, 

Tisri,  Tishri, 

titbit,  tidbit, 

tole,  toll, 

tourmalin,    tourmaline, 

toweling,  towelling, 

trameled,   tramelled. 

tranquilize,  tranquillize, 

tranship,  transship, 


s. 

c. 

w. 

2Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.3 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s 

c. 

w. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

C2W. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

C2W. 

.Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W: 

!Wr.3 

s. 

c. 

!W.2Wr. 

s. 

c 

*w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

'Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr. 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W.^Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

*w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

2Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W.'Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

C.2W.2Wr.3 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

C.3W. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

'Wr. 

s. 

c. 

w. 

2Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

2\Vr.2 

s. 

C. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c 

w. 

2Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

w. 

2 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

W. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

'W. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr.2 

s. 

C2W. 

Wr. 

s. 

c. 

W. 

«Wr.» 

s. 

c. 

W. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W. 

Wr.2 

s. 

c. 

W.2Wr.2 

COMPARATIVE   VIEW   OF   DISPUTED   SPELLINGS. 


79 


traveler,  traveller, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

travertin,  travertine, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 

trivet,  trevet, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

troweled,  trowelled, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

trundle-bed,  truckle-bed, 

S.  C.2W.  Wr.2 

tryst,  trist, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

tsetse,  tzetze,  tzetse, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

tumor,  tumour, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

tunneled,  tunnelled, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

turnsole,  turnsol, 

S.  C.2W.  Wr. 

uhlan,   ulan, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

unmowed,  unmown, 

S.  C.  W.2Wr. 

unspilt,   unspilled, 

S.  C.2W.  Wr. 

Usbeg,  Uzbeg, 

S.  C.2W. 

valor,  valour, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

vapor,  vapour, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

veil,  vail, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

vesuvin,  vesuvine, 

S.  C.  W.2 

vial,  phial, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

vialed,   vialled, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

victualed,  victualled, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

vigor,   vigour, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

villainy,  villany, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

villeinage,  villenage,  villanage, 

S.  C.  W.'Wr. 

virtu,  vertu, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr. 

vise,  vice, 

S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 

vizier,  vizir,  visier, 
vizor,  visor, 

wadset,  wadsett, 

wagon,  waggon, 

weir,  wear,  wier, 

werwolf,  werewolf, 

whelk,  welk,  wilk, 

whippletree,  whiffletree, 

whisky,  whiskey, 

whooping-cough,  hooping-cough, 

whop,  whap, 

widgeon,  wigeon, 

wich-hazel,  witch-hazel,  wych-hazel, 

withe,  with, 

wivern,  wyvern,  wiver, 

wizen,  wizzen,  weazen, 

wo,   woe, 

woolen,   woollen, 

woolenet,   woolenette,   woollenette, 

worshiper,  worshipper, 

yataghan,  ataghan,  attaghan, 
yawp,  yaup,  yelp,  yap, 

zoril,  zorille,  zorilla, 
zufolo,  zuffolo, 
zymic,  zumic, 


S.  C.2W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.2Wr.* 


S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 
S.  C.  W.2Wr.2 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.2W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C.  W.2Wr. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr. 
S.  C'W.'Wr.s 
S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 
C.  W.sWr.a 
C.  W. 
C.2\v.2Wr.2 
C.  W.  Wr.2 
C2W.  Wr.s 
C.  W.  Wr.2 


S.  C.  W.  Wr.2 
S.  C3W.3Wr.i> 

S.  C.  W.3 
S.  C.  W. 
S.  C.  W.  Wr.» 


SIMPLIFICATIONS   IN  SPELLING. 


Class  I. 

The  following  simplified  forms  of  spelling  have  been  recommended  by  the  Philological  Society 
of  London,  The  American  Philological  Association,  The  Modern  Language  Association  of  Amer- 
ica, and  the  Orthographic  Union.  They  are  recognized  in  the  columns  of  "A  Standard  Diction- 
ary," in  the  lists  at  the  end  of  "The  Century  Dictionary,"  and  in  the  introduction  to  "Webster's 
International  Dictionary."  A  considerable  number  of  authors,  editors  and  educators  have  agreed 
to  use  them.  Class  I  embraces  the  words  ending  in  cd,  when  ed  has  the  sound  of  t.  In  such  cases 
spell  simply  with  a  t,  and  if  a  double  consonant  or  diphthong  precedes,  reduce  it  to  a  single  con- 
sonant ;  as,  exprest,  not  exprcsst. 

The  spellings  recommended  are  in  bold-faced  type. 


abashed : 

abasht 

blushed : 

blusht 

abolished : 

abolisht 

booked : 

bookt 

accomplished : 

accomplisht 

bossed : 

bost 

accursed : 

accursed,  accurst 

botched : 

botcht 

addressed : 

addrest 

boxed : 

boxt 

admixed : 

admixt 

branched : 

brancht 

admonished : 

admonisht 

breached : 

breacht 

affixed: 

affixt 

breeched : 

breecht 

amassed : 

amast 

bricked : 

brickt 

ambushed : 

ambusht 

briefed : 

brieft 

anguished : 

anguisht 

broached : 

broacht 

annexed : 

annext 

brushed : 

brusht 

approached : 

approacht 

bucked : 

buckt 

arched : 

archt 

bumped : 

bumpt 

asked : 

askt 

bunched : 

buncht 

assessed : 

assest 

burked : 

burkt 

astonished : 

astonisht 

burnished: 

burnisht 

attached : 

attacht 

bushed: 

busht 

attacked : 

attackt 

bussed: 

bust 

avouched : 

avoucht 

buttressed : 

buttrest 

backed : 

backt 

calked : 

calkt 

balked : 

balkt 

camped : 

campt 

banished: 

banisht 

caressed : 

carest 

banked : 

bankt 

carped : 

carpt 

basked : 

baskt 

caucused : 

caucust 

beaked : 

beakt 

ceased : 

ceast 

bedecked : 

bedeckt 

chaffed : 

chaft 

bedrenched : 

bedrencht 

chalked : 

chalkt 

belched : 

belcht 

chapped : 

chapt 

betrothed: 

betrotht 

checked : 

checkt 

bewitched : 

bewitcht 

cherished : 

cherisht 

biased : 

biast 

chipped : 

chipt 

bilked : 

bilkt 

chirped : 

chirpt 

blacked : 

blackt 

chirruped : 

chirrupt 

blanched : 

blancht 

chopped : 

chopt 

blandished: 

blandisht 

chucked : 

chuckt 

bleached : 

bleacht 

churched : 

churcht 

blemished : 

blemisht 

clacked : 

clackt 

blenched : 

blencht 

clanked : 

clankt 

blessed : 

blessed,  blest 

clapped : 

clapt 

blinked : 

blinkt 

clashed : 

clasht 

blocked : 

blockt 

clasped: 

claspt 

blotched : 

blotcht 

classed : 

clast 

bluffed: 

bluft 

clerked : 

clerkt 

clicked : 

clickt 

clinched : 

clincht 

clinked : 

clinkt 

clipped : 

dipt 

cloaked : 

cloakt 

clucked: 

cluckt 

clutched : 

clutcht 

coached : 

coacht 

coaxed : 

coaxt 

cocked : 

cockt 

collapsed : 

collapst 

commixed : 

commixt 

compassed : 

compast 

compressed : 

comprest 

condensed : 

condenst 

confessed : 

confest 

conversed : 

converst 

cooked : 

cookt 

cooped : 

coopt 

corked : 

corkt 

couched : 

coucht 

countermarched : 

countermarcht 

cracked : 

crackt 

cramped : 

crampt 

crashed : 

crasht 

creaked : 

creakt 

creased : 

creast 

crimped : 

crimpt 

crisped: 

crispt 

croaked : 

croakt 

crooked : 

crooked,  crookt 

crossed : 

crost 

crotched : 

crotcht 

crouched : 

croucht 

crushed: 

crusht 

crutched : 

crutcht 

cuffed : 

cuft 

cupped : 

cupt 

cursed : 

cursed,  curst 

damped : 

dampt 

dashed : 

dasht 

debarked : 

debarkt 

debauched : 

debaucht 

decamped : 

decampt 

(80) 


SIMPLIFICATIONS  IN  SPELLING. 


SI 


deceased : 

deceast 

gashed : 

gasht 

licked : 

lickt 

decked : 

deckt 

gasped : 

gaspt 

limped : 

limpt 

decreased : 

decreast 

glimpsed  : 

glimpst 

linked : 

linkt 

demolished : 

demolisht 

grasped : 

graspt 

lipped : 

lipt 

depressed : 

deprest 

greased : 

greased,  greast 

lisped : 

lispt 

detached : 

detacht 

gripped : 

gript 

lithographed : 

lithographt 

developed : 

developt 

grouped : 

groupt 

locked : 

lockt 

diminished : 

diminisht 

gulfed : 

gulft 

looked : 

lookt 

dipped : 

dipt 

gulped : 

gulpt 

looped : 

loopt 

disbursed : 

disburst 

gushed : 

gusht 

loosed : 

loost 

discussed : 

discust 

lopped : 

lopt 

disembarked : 

disembarkt 

hacked : 

hackt 

luffed : 

luft 

disembarrassed: 

disembarrast 

handcuffed : 

handcufft 

lumped : 

lumpt 

dished : 

disht 

happed : 

hapt 

lynched : 

lyncht 

dismissed : 

dismist 

harassed: 

harast 

dispensed : 

dispenst 

harked : 

harkt 

mapped : 
marched : 

mapt 
marcht 

dispossessed: 

dispossest 

harnessed : 

harnest 

distinguished: 

distinguisht 

harped : 

harpt 

marked : 

markt 

distressed : 

distrest 

hashed : 

hasht 

masked : 

maskt 

ditched: 

dltcht 

hatched : 

hatcht 

matched : 

matcht 

docked : 

dockt 

havocked : 

havockt 

meshed  : 

mesht 

doffed : 

doft 

hawked : 

hawkt 

messed : 

mest 

drenched : 

drencht 

heaped : 

heapt 

mimicked : 

mimickt 

dressed: 

drest 

hearsed : 

hearst 

mixed : 

mixt 

dripped : 

dript 

helped : 

helpt 

mocked : 

mockt 

dropped : 

dropt 

hiccupped : 

hiccupt 

muffed : 

muft 

ducked : 

duckt 

hipped : 

hipt 

mulched  • 

mulcht 

dwarfed : 

dwarft 

hissed: 
hitched : 

hist 
hitcht 

munched : 

muncht 

eclipsed : 

eclipst 

hoodwinked : 
hoofed : 
hooked : 
hooped : 
hopped : 
horsed : 
huffed : 

hoodwinkt 
hooft 
hookt 
hoopt 

nicked : 

nickt 

elapsed : 

elapst 

notched : 

notcht 

embarked : 

embarkt 

nourished : 

nourisht 

embarrassed : 

embarrast 

nursed: 

nurst 

embellished : 
embossed : 

embellisht 
embost 

hopt 
horst 
huft 

oppressed : 

opprest 

encamped : 

encampt 

humped : 

humpt 
husht 

outstretched : 

outstretcht 

encompassed : 

encompast 

hushed : 

outwalked : 

outwalkt 

encroached : 
enfeoffed : 

encroacht 
enfeoft 

hutched : 

hutcht 

overpassed : 

overpast 

engulfed : 
ennvished: 
enriched : 

engulft 
enravisht 

impeached : 
impoverished: 

impeacht 
impoverisht 

packed : 
padlocked : 

packt 
padlockt 

entrapped : 
enveloped : 
equipped : 
established: 
etched : 
expressed : 
extinguished: 

V.  .  1  1   1  ^  1  1  L 

entrapt 
envelopt 

impressed : 
incensed : 
increased : 

imprest 
incenst 
increast 

paragraphed : 
parched : 
parsed : 

paragrapht 

parent 

parst 

equipt 

establish* 

etcht 

indexed : 
indorsed: 

indext 
indorst 

passed : 
patched : 

past 
patcht 

infixed: 

infixt 

peached : 

peacht 

exprest 
extinguish* 

inked : 
interlinked : 

inkt 
interlinkt 

pecked : 
peeped : 

peckt 
peept 

interspersed : 

intersperst 

perched  • 

percht 

famished : 

famisht 

inwrapped : 

in  wrapt 

perished : 

perisht 

fetched : 

fetcht 

itched : 

itcht 

perked : 

perkt 

filched : 

filcht 

perplexed : 

perplext 

filliped : 

hllipt 

jerked: 

jerkt 

photographed : 

photographt 

finished: 

finisht 

physicked : 

physickt 

fished : 

fisht 

kidnapped : 

kidnapt 

picked : 

pickt 

fixed : 

fixt 

kissed: 

kist 

picnicked : 

picnickt 

flapped : 

flapt 

pimped  • 

pimpt 

flashed : 

flasht 

lacked : 

lackt 

pinched : 

pincht 

fleshed : 

flesht 

lanched : 

lancht 

pinked : 

pinkt 

flinched : 

flincht 

languished : 

languisht 

pished: 

pisht 

flopped : 

flopt 

lapped : 

lapt 

pitched  • 

pitcht 

flourished : 

flourisht 

lapsed : 

lapst 

planked : 

plankt 

flushed: 

flusht 

lashed : 

,     lasht 

plashed : 

plasht 

fluxed : 

fluxt 

latched : 

latcht 

plucked : 

pluckt 

focused : 

focust 

launched : 

launcht 

plumped  • 

plumpt 

foxed : 

foxt 

leaked : 

leakt 

poached : 

poacht 

frisked : 

friskt 

leaned : 

leaned,  leant 

polished: 

polisht 

frolicked : 

frolickt 

leaped : 

leapt 

popped : 

popt 

furbished : 

furbisht 

learned : 

learned,  learnt 

possessed : 

possest 

furnished : 

furnisht 

leased: 

least 

pouched : 

poucht 

fussed : 

fust 

licensed : 

licenst 

practised : 

practist 

82 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


pranked : 

prankt 

sacked : 

sackt 

swamped : 

swampt 

preached : 

preacht 

sashed : 

sasht 

pre-established : 

pre-establisht 

scalped : 

scaplt 

tacked : 

tackt 

prefixed : 

prefixt 

scarfed : 

scarft 

talked : 

talkt 

prepossessed : 

prepossest 

scoffed : 

scoft 

tapped : 

tapt 

pressed : 

prest 

scooped : 

scoopt 

tasked : 

taskt 

pricked : 

prickt 

scratched : 

scratcht 

taxed : 

taxt 

prinked : 

prinkt 

screeched : 

screecht 

telegraphed : 

telegrapht 

professed : 

profest 

searched : 

searcht 

thanked : 

thankt 

progressed : 

progrest 

sensed : 

senst 

thrashed : 

thrasht 

promised : 

promist 

shipped: 

shipt 

thumped : 

thumpt 

propped : 

propt 

shirked : 

shirkt 

thwacked : 

thwackt 

published : 

publisht 

shocked : 

shockt 

ticked : 

tickt 

puffed : 

puft 

shopped : 

shopt 

tipped : 

tipt 

pulsed : 

pulst 

shrieked : 

shriekt 

toothed : 

tootht 

pumped : 

pumpt 

sipped : 

sipt 

topped : 

topt 

punched : 

puncht 

sketched : 

sketcht 

tossed : 

tost 

punished : 

punisht 

skipped : 

skipt 

touched : 

toucht 

pursed : 

purst 

slacked : 

slackt 

tracked : 

trackt 

pushed : 

pusht 

slapped : 

slapt 

trafficked : 

traffict 

slipped: 

slipt 

tramped : 

trampt 

quacked : 

quackt 

quaft 

quencht 

slouched : 
smacked : 

sloucht 
smackt 

trapped : 
trenched : 

trapt 
trencht 

quaffed : 
quenched : 

smashed : 
smelled : 

smasht 
smelled,  smelt 

trespassed  : 
tricked : 

trespast 
trickt 

smirked : 

smirkt 

tripped : 

tript 

racked : 

rackt 

snapped : 

snapt 

triumphed : 

triumpht 

ramped : 

rampt 

snatched : 

snatcht 

trooped : 

troopt 

ranked : 

rankt 

sneaked : 

sneakt 

trucked : 

truckt 

ransacked : 

ransackt 

sniffed : 

snift 

trumped : 

trumpt 

rapped : 

rapt 

snuffed: 

snuft 

tucked : 

tuckt 

rasped : 

raspt 

soaked : 

soakt 

tweaked : 

tweakt 

ravished : 

ravisht 

soaped : 

soapt 

twitched : 

twitcht 

reached : 

reacht 

spanked : 

spankt 

reaped : 

reapt 

specked : 

speckt 

vamped : 

vampt 

reefed : 

reeft 

spelled : 

spelled,  spelt 

vanished : 

vanisht 

reeked : 

rcekt 

spilled : 

spilled,  spilt 

vanquished : 

vanquisht 

refreshed : 

refresht 

splashed : 

splasht 

versed : 

verst 

rehearsed : 

rehearst 

spoiled: 

spoiled,  spoilt 

vexed : 

vext 

relapsed : 

relapst 

squeaked : 

squeakt 

vouched : 

vouched 

relaxed : 

relaxt 

stacked : 

stackt 

released : 

releast 

stamped : 

stampt 

walked : 

walkt 

relinquished : 

relinquisht 

stanched : 

stancht 

washed : 

washt 

relished: 

relisht 

stepped : 

stept 

watched : 

watcht 

remarked : 

remarkt 

stitched : 

stitcht 

waxed: 

waxt 

replenished : 

replenisht 

stocked : 

stockt 

whipped : 

whipt 

repressed : 

represt 

stomached : 

stomacht 

whisked : 

whiskt 

reproached : 

reproacht 

stooped : 

stoopt 

whooped : 

whoopt 

republished : 

republisht 

stopped : 

stopt 

winked : 

winkt 

retouched : 

retoucht 

strapped : 

strapt 

wished : 

wisht 

retrenched : 

retrencht 

streaked : 

streaked,  streakt 

witched : 

witcht 

reversed : 

reverst 

stretched : 

stretcht 

worked : 

workt 

rinsed: 

rinst 

stripped : 

stript 

worshipped : 

worshipt 

risked : 

riskt 

stuffed : 

stufft 

wrapped : 

wrapt 

rocked : 

rockt 

stumped : 

stumpt 

wreaked : 

wreakt 

romped : 

rompt 

sucked : 

suckt 

wrecked : 

wreckt 

roofed : 

rooft 

suffixed : 

suffixt 

wrenched : 

wrencht 

ruffed : 

ruft 

suppressed : 

supprest 

rushed: 

rusht 

surpassed ; 

surpast 

yerked : 

ycrkt 

SIMPLIFICATIONS  IN  SPELLING. 


Class  II. 

The  simplified  forms  of  spellings  found  in  Class  II  have  been  recommended  by  the  same  au- 
thorities as  in  Class  I.  This  class  embraces  words  ending  in  ide,  He,  ine,  ite,  mme,  tte  and  gue, 
in  which  ending  the  e  is  silent.  The  rule  is  to  omit  the  e  and  preceding  silent  letters  when  the 
change  will  not  suggest  another  quality   (sound)    for  a  preceding  letter. 

The  spellings  recommended  are  in  bold-faced  type. 


adulterine : 

adulterin 

etiquette : 

etiquet 

agile : 

agil 

examine : 

examin 

aigrette : 

aigret 

exquisite : 

exquisit 

alumine : 

alumin 

amaranthine : 

amaranthin 

famine : 

famin 

amethystine : 

amethystin 

favorite : 

favorit 

analogue : 

analog 

febrile : 

febril 

antitoxine : 

antitoxin 

feminine : 

feminin 

apologue : 

apolog 

fertile : 

fertil 

apposite : 

apposit 

fibrine : 

fibrin 

aquiline : 

aquilin 

fissile : 

fissil 

asbestine : 

asbestin 

flexile : 

flexil 

fluoride: 

fluorid 

bissextile : 

bissextil 

fluorine : 

iluorin 

bowline : 

bowlin 

fragile : 

fragil 

bromide : 

bromid 

futile : 

futil 

bromine : 

bromin 

gangue : 

gang 

caffeine : 

caffein 

gelatine : 

gelatin 

catalogue : 
cedrine : 

catalog 
cedrin 

genuine : 
glycerine : 

genuin 
glycerin 

centigramme : 
chloride : 

centigram 
chlorid 

gramme : 
granite : 

gram 
granit 

chlorine : 

chlorin 

harangue : 

harang 

cigarette : 

cigaret 

hostile : 

hostil 

citrine : 

citrin 

hypocrite : 

hypocrit 

cocaine : 

cocain 

colleague : 

colleag 

imagine : 

imagin 

composite : 

composit 

imbecile : 

imbecil 

contractile : 

contractu 

infinite : 

infinit 

coquette : 

coquet 

intestine : 

intestin 

iodide : 

iodid 

decalogue : 

decalog 

iodine : 

iodin 

decigramme : 

decigram 

#        s 

definite : 

definit 

jasmine: 

jasmin 

demagogue : 

demagog 

jessamine: 

jessamin 

destine : 

destin 

juvenile: 

juvenil 

determine : 

determin 

dialogue : 

dialog 

kilogramme : 

kilogram 

discipline : 
docile : 
doctrine : 
domicile : 

disciplin 
docil 
doctrin 
domicil 

league : 
leagued : 
libertine : 

leag 

leaged 

libertin 

ductile : 

ductil 

masculine : 

masculin 

medicine : 

medicin 

eclogue : 

eclog 

mercantile : 

mercantil 

engine : 

engin 

milligramme : 

milligram 

enginery: 

enginry 

missile : 

missil 

ensanguine : 

ensanguin 

monologue : 

monolog 

epaulette : 

epaulet 

epilogue : 

epilog 

novelette : 

novelet 

ermine : 

ermin 

nubile : 

nubil 
(83) 

opposite : 

opposit 

oxide : 

oxid 

palatine: 

palatin 

parquette : 

parquet 

pedagogue : 

pedagog 

pensile : 

pensil 

prehensile : 

prehensil 

perquisite : 

perquisit 

prerequisite : 

prerequisit 

predestine : 

predestin 

predetermine : 

predetermin 

preterite : 

preterit 

pristine : 

pristin 

programme : 

program 

projectile : 

projectil 

prologue : 

prolog 

puerile : 

pueril 

pulsatile : 

pulsatil 

purline : 

purlin 

quartette : 

quartet 

quintette : 

quintet 

reptile : 

reptil 

requisite : 

requisit 

respite : 

respit 

retractile : 

retractil 

rosette : 

roset 

sanguine : 

sanguin 

sardine : 

sardin  (gem) 

scurrile : 

scurril 

servile : 

servil 

sessile : 

sessil 

sestette : 

sestet 

sextile : 

sextil 

sterile : 

steril 

stockinette : 

stockinet 

subtile : 

subtil 

synagogue : 

synagog 

tactile: 

tactil 

textile : 

textil 

theologue : 

theolog 

uterine : 

uterin 

vaccine : 

vaccin 

vedette : 

vedet 

volatile : 

volatil 

xanthine : 


xanthin 


84 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


IMPROVED  SPELLINGS  OF  CHEMICAL  TERMS. 

The  American  Association  for  Advancement  of  Science  has  adopted  a  set  of  rules  for  simplify- 
ing the  spelling  of  chemical  terms,  and  the  spellings  recommended  by  the  Society  under  said  rules 
have  been  adopted  in  various  scientific  publications,  by  "A  Standard  Dictionary,"  and  largely  by 
the  "Century  Dictionary."  The  following  list  embraces  the  words  used  in  popular  and  element- 
ary chemical  writings,  the  spellings  recommended  being  in  bold-faced  type. 


aconitine : 

aconitin 

ergotine : 

ergotin 

oxide : 

oxid 

albumin : 

albumen 

excretine : 

excretin 

palmitine : 

palmitin 

alizarine : 

alizarin 

fibrine : 

fibrin 

paraffine : 

paraffin 

amide : 

amid 

fluoride: 

fluorid 

pectine: 

pectin 

amine : 

amin 

fluorine : 

fluorin 

pepsine : 

pepsin 

anhydride : 

anhydrid 

gelatine : 

gelatin 

phosphide : 

phosphid 

aniline : 

anilin 

hematine : 

hematin 

phosphine : 

phosphin 

antimonide : 

antimonid 

hydride : 

hydrid 

piperine: 

piperin 

antitoxine : 

antitoxin 

hydroxide: 

hydroxid 

pyroxyline : 

pyroxylin 

arabine : 

arabin 

imide : 

imid 

quercitrine : 

quercitrin 

arsenide : 

arsenid 

inuline: 

inulin 

quinine : 

quinin 

arsine: 

arsin 

iodide : 

iodid 

salicine : 

salicin 

asbestus : 

asbestos 

iodine : 

iodin 

saponine : 

saponin 

atropine : 

atropin 

kreatine : 

kreatin 

selenide : 

selenid 

boride : 

borid 

lactine : 

lactin 

silicide: 

silicid 

bromide : 

bromid 

legumine : 

legumin 

solanine : 

solanin 

bromine : 

bromin 

lignine : 

lignin 

stearine : 

stearin 

caesium : 

cesium 

lupuline : 

lupulin 

stibine : 

stibin 

caffeine : 

caffein 

margarine : 

margarin 

strychnine: 

strychnin 

carbide : 

carbid 

metre : 

meter 

sulphate : 

sulfate 

caseine : 

casein 

morphine : 

morphin 

sulphide: 

sulfid 

celluline: 

cellulin 

mucine : 

mucin 

sulphite : 

sulfite 

chloride : 

chlorid 

murexide : 

murexid 

sulphur: 

sulfur 

chlorine: 

chlorin 

myosine : 

myosin 

sulphuric : 

sulfuric 

cinchonine: 

chii.chonin 

nicotine : 

nicotin 

sulphurous : 

sulfurous 

cocaine : 

cocain 

nitride : 

nitrid 

telluride: 

tellurid 

cyanide : 

cyanid 

define : 

olefin 

vanilline : 

vanillin 

dextrine: 

dextrin 

oleine : 

olein 

xanthine : 

xanthin 

emulsine : 

emulsin 

orcine : 

orcin 

IMPROVED  SPELLINGS  OF  NAMES  OF  PLACES  AND  PEOPLES. 


The  United  States  Board  on  Geographic  Names,  to  whom  is  referred  all  disputed  spellings  of 
names  of  places  and  peoples,  and  whose  decisions  are  obligatory  on  the  Post-Office  and  other  de- 
partments of  the  Government,  has  recommended  the  spellings  found  below.  They  do  not  exhaust 
the  list,  but  are  given  as  examples.  It  may  be  said  that  the  Royal  Geographical  Society,  of  Lon- 
don, has  made  quite  the  same  recommendations,  and  that  they  have  been  largely  or  wholly  adopted 
in  "The  Century  Cyclopedia  of  Names"  and  by  "A  Standard  Dictionary." 

The  spellings  recommended  are  in  bold-faced  type. 


Amoor : 
Bayreuth : 
Bedouin : 
Behring: 
Beloochistan : 
Beyrout,  etc. : 
Bhootan : 
Blaine : 
Boone : 

Brahmapootra : 
Cameroons : 
Canon   City : 
Carankaway : 
Carquinez  Strait : 


Amur 

Baireuth    (Bavaria) 

Bedawin 

Bering 

Baluchistan 

Beirut   (Syria) 

Bhutan 

Blain  (Pennsylvania) 

Boon  (Michigan) 

Brahmaputra 

Kamerun  [not  R.  G.  S.] 

Canyon  (Colorado) 

Karankawa  (Texas) 

Karquines  Strait  (California) 


Cashmere : 
Centre  Port : 
Chaffin's    Bluff: 
Chili: 
Congo : 
Corea : 
Dakotah : 
Elco: 
Emmett : 
Erzeroum,   etc. : 
Esbon : 
Feejee: 
Foochow,  etc. : 
Forrestville : 


Kashmir 

Centerport  (Pennsylvania) 

Chafin  Bluff  (Virginia) 

Chile  (Republic  of) 

Kongo  [not  R.  G.  S.] 

Korea  [not  U.  S.  B.  G.  N.] 

Dakota  (Iowa) 

Elko    (South  Carolina) 

Emmet  (Nebraska) 

Erzerum 

Ezbon  (Kansas) 

Fiji 

Fuchau 

Forestville    (New  York) 


IMPROVED  SPELLINGS  OF  NAMES  OF  PLACES  AND   PEOPLES. 


85 


Golovine  Sound :  Golovin  Sound  (Alaska) 

Guilford:  Gillford  (Minnesota) 

Hayti :  Haiti 

Hindoo  Koosh :    Hindu  Kush 

Howe:  How  (Wisconsin) 

Islesborough :         Islesboro    (Maine) 

Joppa,  etc.:  Yafa  (Palestine) 

Loo   Choo :  Luchu 

Mantchooria :        Manchuria 

Massowah,   etc. :  Massaua 

Mojave:  Mohave  (Arizona  and  California) 

Pittsburgh:  Pittsburg   (Pennsylvania) 


Pribylov  Islands :  Pribilof  Islands 

Saghalien :  Sakhalin 

Scinde,  etc. :  Sind 

Somauliland :  Somaliland 

Soudan :  Sudan 

Suakim,   etc. :  Sawakin 

Thibet :  Tibet 

Tokio:  Tokyo  (Japan) 

Vineland:  Vinland  (Wisconsin) 

Wood's  Holl:  Woods  Hole  (Massachusetts) 

Yakoutsk :  Yakutsk 


SPELLINGS  OF  EVERYDAY  BUSINESS  WORDS. 


Ah'stract 

Ab  stract' 

Ac  cept'ance 

Ac  com 'mo  da'tion 

Ac  count'ant 

Ac  knowl'edg  ment 

Ad  min'is  tra'tion 

Ad  vis'a  ble 

Af'fi  da'vit 

Al  low'ance 

An'a  lyze 

Ar'bi  tra  ry 

Ar'ti  cles 

As'sign  ee' 

As  sist'ant 

Au'dit 

Au'di  tor 

Aux  il'ia  ry 

Bal'ance 

Bank'a  ble 

Bo'nus 


Busi'ness 
Can'celed 
Cap'i  tal 
Cart'age 
Cer  tif'i  cate 
Cer'ti  fy 
Chat'tel 
Cir'cu  la'tion 
Col  lat'er  al 
Com'merce 
Com  mer'cial 
Com  mis'sion 
Con'sign  ee' 
Con  sign'ment 
Con  sign'or 
Co  part'ner  ship 
Cor'po  ra'tion 
Cou'pon 
Cred'it  or 
Cur'rent 
Debt'or 


Def'i  cit 
De  pos'i  tor 
Differ  ence 
Di  rect'or 
Dis'count 
Dis'so  lu'tion 
Div'i  dend 
Draw  ee' 
Due'  bill' 
Dun'ning 
Ex  change'a  ble 
Ex  ec'u  tor 
Ex  pense' 
Ex  plan'a  tory 
Ex  ten'sion 
Fil'ing 
Fi  nan'cial 
Fin'an  cier 
Fis'cal 
For'ger  y 
Fran'chise 


Guar  an  tee' 
Guar'an  ty 
In'ci  den'tal 
In'di  vid'u  al 
In  sol'ven  cy 
In  stall'ment 
In'ven  to  ry 
Is'sued 
I'tem  ized 
Jour'nal  i  zing 
Lease 

Li'a  bil'i  ties 
Liq'ui  date 
Man'a  ger 
Ma  tu'ri  ty 
Mem'o  ran'da 
Mer'chan  dise 
Mort'gage 
Mu'ti  late 
Out'lawed' 
O'ver  draft 


O'ver  due 
Pay'a  ble 
Pay  ee' 
Per'son  al 
Pre  ferred' 
Prin'ci  pal 
Prin'ci  pie 
Prom'is  so  ry 
Pro  mot'ing 
Pro  ra'ta 
Pur'chase 
Re  bate' 
Re  ceipt' 
Re  ceiv'a  ble 
Re  course' 
Re  demp'tion 
Reg'is  ter 
Re  mit'tance 
Re  mit'ter 
Rep're  sent'a  tive 
Re  new'al 


Re  serve' 

Re  sourc'es 

Sched'ule 

Sig'na  ture 

Sol'ven  cy 

Stor'age 

Sum'mary 

Sun'dries 

Sur'plus 

Sus  pense' 

Syn'di  cate 

Tar'iff 

Tic'kler 

Trans  ac'tion 

Trans  fer'ring 

Trans'por  ta'tion 

Treas'ury 

Val'id 

Vouch'er 

Wholesale' 

With  draw'al 


COMMON  WORDS  FREQUENTLY  MISSPELLED. 


Ab  bre'vi  ate 
Ab'er  ra'tion 
Ab'sence 
A  cad'e  my 
Ac  cede' 
Ac  ced'ing 
Ac  cept'a  ble 
Ac  com'mo  date 
Ac  com'mo  da'tion 
Ac  com'pa  ny 
Ac'cu  ra  cy 
A  chieve' 
Ac  quaint'ance 
Ad  vis'a  ble 
Af'fi  da  vit 
Ag'gre  gate 
Al'ge  bra 
Al  le'giance 
Al  though' 
Al'to  geth'er 
A  mel'io  rate 


An  nounce'ment 
A  non'y  mous 
An  tic'i  pate 
Anx'ious 
Ap  par'ent 
Ar  raign' 
Ar  tis'tic 
As  cend' 
As  sist' 
As  sist'ance 
As  sist'ant 
Au'di  ence 
Aus  pi'cious 
A  void' 
Bal  loon' 
Bat  tal'ion 
Be  lieve' 
Ben'e  fi'cial 
Be  sie'ger 
Bi'cy  cle 
Buoy'ant 


Busi'ness 
Can'celed 
Can'vas 
Can'vass 
Car'i  ca  ture 
Cat'a  ract 
Chap'er  on 
Cheer'ful 
Chief 
Cloth'ier 
Coffee 
Co'in  cide' 
Col  lec'tion 
Col'lege 
Col  Ii'sion 
Com  mis'sion 
Com  mu'ni  ty 
Com  par'a  tive 
Com'pe  tent 
Com  plete'ness 
Com  pli'ance 


Con  cede' 
Con  ced'ing 
Con  ces'sion 
Con  cil'i  ate 
Con'nois  seur' 
Con'science 
Con'sci  en'tious 
Con'scious 
Con  sist'ent 
Con  sol'i  date 
Con'sul 
Con  ta'gious 
Con  ven'fence 
Con  ven'ien  cy 
Con  ven'ient 
Con  vert'i  ble 
Co  op'er  a'tion 
Cor'po  ra'tion 
Coun'cil 
Coun'sel 
De  cease' 


De  ceive' 

De  fault'er 

De  fi'cien  cy 

De  fi'cient 

Deign 

De  lin'quent 

De  scrip'tion 

Des'ert 

De  sir'ous 

Des  sert' 

De  vel'op  ment 

De  vice' 

De  vise' 

Dic'tion  a  ry 

Differ  ence 

Dis'ap  pear' 

Dis'ap  point'ment 

Dis  burse' 

Dis  cern' 

Dis  ci'ple 

Dis  ease' 


Di  vis'i  ble 

Dye'ing 

Dy'ing 

Ec  cle  si  as'tic  al 

E  con'o  mize 

Eight'i  eth 

El'i  gi  ble 

Em  bar'rass 

Em  bar'rass  ment 

E  mer'gen  cy 

En  large'ment 

En  thu'si  as'tic 

E  nu'mer  ate 

Er  ro'ne  ous 

Et'i  quette 

Ex  ceed' 

Ex  cres'cence 

Ex  hil'a  rate 

Ex  ist'ence 

Ex  pend'i  ture 

Ex  pe'ri  ence 


S6 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


Ex  trav'a  gant 
Fa  mil'iar 
Fem'i  nine 
.Fie  ti  tious 
For  bear'ance 
For'ci  ble 
Fore  bode' 
For'feit 
For'tieth 
Fraud'u  lent 
Friv'o  lous 
Fun'da  men'tal 
Hand'ful 
Hand'ker  chief 
Hei'nous 
Hol'iday 
Hope'ful 
Hop'ing 

I  den'ti  ty 

II  leg'i  ble 
II  lit'er  ate 
II  lu'sion 

Im  me'di  ate  ly 
In  cip'i  ent 
In  com'pe  tent 
In'con  ceiv'a  ble 
In'con  sist'ent 
In'con  ven'ience 
In  cred'i  ble 
In  cur' 
In  def'i  nite 
In'de  pend'ent 
In'dis  creet' 


In'dis  pen'sa  ble 
In  dus'tri  ous 
In  el'i  gi  ble 
In'fer  ence 
In'fin  i  tes'i  mal 
In'flam  ma'tion 
In  gen'ious 
In  still' 
In  tel'li  gi  ble 
In'ter  cede' 
In'ter  ced'ing 
In'ter  cept' 
In'ter  fere' 
In'ter  rupt 
Ir're  spon'si  ble 
Judg'ment 
Ju've  nile 
Li'cense 
Lit'er  a  ture 
Loose 
Lose 
Los'ing 
Man'age  a  ble 
Man'u  fac'ture 
Mar'shal 
Mar'tial 
Max'i  mum 
Mem'o  ran'dum 
Mil'li  ner 
Mil'li  ner  y 
Min'i  mum 
Mis'cel  la'ne  ous 
Mis'chiev  ous 


Mis  spell' 
Mort'gage 
Mor'tise 
Mu'ci  lage 
Nec'es  sa  ry 
Ne  ces'si  ty 
Niece 
O  be'di  ent 
Ob  lit'er  ate 
Ob'solete 
Oc  ca'sion 
Oc  ca'sion  al  ly 
Oc  cur'rence 
O  mit'ted 
Om'ni  bus 
Op'er  a'tor 
Op  po'nent 
Os'cil  late 
Out  ra'geous 
Pan'to  mime 
Par'al  lei 
Par'a  pher  na'li  a 
Par'tial 
Per  ceive' 
Per  ceiv'ing 
Per'me  ate 
Per'mit 
Per  mit' 
Per'se  cute 
Per  sist'ence 
Per  suade' 
Per  ver'si  ty 
Phy  sique' 


Pic'tur  esque' 

Pierce 

Pin'na  cle 

Planned 

Plan'ning 

Pleas'ant       , 

Plu'ral 

Pos  ses'sion 

Pre  cede' 

Prec'e  dent 

Pre  ced'ing 

Pre  ferr'ed 

Prej'u  dice 

Prep'a  ra'tion 

Prev'a  lence 

Prin'ci  pie 

Pro  ceed' 

Proc'ess 

Pu'er  ile 

Pur  sue' 

Pur  su'ing 

Qual'i  fied 

Re  bel'lious 

Re  cede' 

Re  ced'ing 

Re  ceipt' 

Re  ceive' 

Re  ceived' 

Re  ceiv'er 

Re  ceiv'ing 

Rec'ol  lect' 

Rec'om  mend' 

Rec'om  men  dation 


Re  course' 
Re  cur'rent 
Re  fer'ring 
Re  gard' 
Re  mit'tance 
Ren'dez  vous 
Re  prieve' 
Re  source' 
Re  spect'a  bly 
Re  spec'tive  ly 
Re  spon'dent 
Res'tau  rant 
Re  trieve' 
Re  view' 
Rhet'o  ric 
Rhyme 
Rhythm 
Sac'ri  lege 
Sac'ri  le  gious 
Sal'e  ra'tus 
Sanc'tion 
Sci'en  tif'ic 
Se  cede' 
Se  ced'ing 
Sec're  ta  ry 
Seine 
Seize 

Sem'i  co  Ion 
Sep'a  rate 
Set  tee' 
Shep'herd 
Shrewd 
Shriek 


Siege 

Sieve 

Sim'i  lar 

Sta'tion  a  ry 

Sta'tion  er  y 

Sub  sist'ence 

Sue  ceed' 

Sue  cess'ful 

Su  per'flu  ous 

Su  per  in  tend'ent 

Su'per  sede' 

Sus  pense' 

Sus  pi'cion 

Sus'te  nance 

Syn'di  cate 

Syn  on'y  mous 

Their 

Thor'ough 

Tol'er  a  ble 

Trans  mis'sion 

Treas'ur  er 

Tu  i'tion 

Twelfth 

Un  con'scious 

Un  nec'es  sa  ry 

U  til'i  ties 

Val'iant 

Villain 

Void 

Yield 


STATE  AND  TERRITORIAL  NAMES  WITH  THEIR 
ABBREVIATIONS  AND  CAPITALS. 


Alabama   

Alaska   

Arizona   

Arkansas    

California    

Colorado     

Connecticut    

Delaware    

District  of 

Columbia    

Florida    

Georgia    

Guam    

Hawaiian    Islands 

Idaho    

Indian   Territory. 

Illinois     

Indiana    

Iowa    

Kansas     

Kentucky    

Louisiana    

Maine    

Maryland    

Massachusetts    . . 

Michigan    

Minnesota    

Mississippi   


Ala Montgomery. 

Alas Sitka. 

Ariz Phcenix. 

Ark Little  Rock. 

Cal Sacramento. 

Col.  or  Colo Denver. 

Conn,  or  Ct Hartford. 

Del Dover. 

D.  C Washington. 

Fla.  or  Flor Tallahassee. 

Ga Atlanta. 

Agana. 

Honolulu. 

Id Boise. 

Ind.  Ter.  or  Ind. 

T (Now  Oklahoma.) 

111.  or  Ills Springfield. 

Ind Indianapolis. 

Io Des  Moines. 

Kan.  or  Kans.   .  .  .Topeka. 

Ken.  or  Ky Frankfort. 

La Baton  Rouge. 

Me Augusta. 

Md Annapolis. 

Mass Boston. 

Mich Lansing. 

Minn St.  Paul. 

Miss Jackson. 


Missouri    Mo.    . . .  * Jefferson  City. 

Montana   Mont Helena. 

Nebraska    Neb Lincoln. 

Nevada    Nev Carson  City. 

New    Hampshire.  N.  H Concord. 

New  Jersey   N.   J Trenton. 

New  Mexico New  M Santa  Fe. 

New  York N.  Y Albany. 

North    Carolina.. N.  C Raleigh. 

North    Dakota. . .  N.  Dak Bismarck. 

Ohio    O Columbus. 

Oklahoma    Okla Guthrie. 

Oregon    Ore.  or  Oreg.  . . .  Salem. 

Pennsylvania   ....Pa.  or  Penn Harrisburg. 

Philippine  Islands Manila. 

Rhode   Island   .  . .  R.    I Providence. 

Porto   Rico    San  Juan. 

South    Carolina    .  S.    C.    Columbia. 

South  Dakota  .  . .  S.   Dak Pierre. 

Tennessee     Tenn Nashville. 

I  utttila  Islands. . . 

Texas    Tex Austin. 

Utah    Ut Salt   Lake   Citv. 

Vermont     Vt Montpelier. 

Virginia    Va Richmond. 

Washington    Wash Olympia. 

West    Virginia. .  .W.  Va Charleston. 

Wisconsin    Wis Madison. 

Wyoming   Wyo Cheyenne. 


NAMES  AND  RANK  OF  FOREIGN  CITIES. 


87 


NAMES  AND  RANK  OF  THE  LEADING  CITIES  IN  THE 

UNITED  STATES. 


Cities.  Population. 

New  York,   N.  Y. 3,437,202 

Chicago,  111 1,698,575 

Philadelphia,  Pa.  1,293,697 
St.  Louis,    Mo...    575,238 

Boston,  Mass 560,892 

Baltimore,  Md..  508,957 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  381,768 
Buffalo,  N.  Y...  352,387 
SanFrancisco.Cal.  342,782 
Cincinnati.  O....  325,902 
Pittsburgh,  Pa...  321,616 
New  Orleans,  La.  287,104 
Detroit,  Mich...  285.704 
Milwaukee.  Wis.  285,315 
Washington,  D.C.  278,718 
Newark,  N.J...  246,070 
Jersey  City,  N.  J.  206,433 
Louisville,  Ky..  204,731 
Minneapolis, Minn.  202,718 
Providence,  R.I.  175,597 
Indianapolis,  Ind.  169,164 
Kansas  City,  Mo.  163,752 
St.  Paul,  Minn..  163.065 
Rochester,  N.  Y. .  162,608 
Denver,    Col 133,859 


Cities.  Population. 

Toledo,    Ohio...  131,822 

Allegheny,    Pa...  129,806 

Columbus,  Ohio.  125,560 

Worcester,  Mass.  118,421 

Syracuse,    N.  Y..  108,374 

New  Haven,    Ct.  108,027 

Paterson,    N.  J..  105,171 

Fall  River,  Mass.  104,863 

St.  Joseph,    Mo..  102,979 

Omaha,    Neb....  102,555 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.  102,479 

Memphis,    Tenn.  102,320 

Scranton,    Pa....  102,026 

Lowell,    Mass...  94.069 

Albany,    N.  Y...  94,151 

Cambridge. Mass.  91,886 

Portland,   Ore...  00,426 

Atlanta,    Ga 89,872 

GrandRapids.Mich.  87.565 

Dayton,    Ohio...  85.333 

Richmond,    Va..  85.050 

Nashville,    Tenn.  80,865 

Seattle,    Wash...  80,671 

Hartford,    Ct....  79.850 

Reading,  Pa 78,061 


Cities.  Population. 

Wilmington,  Del.  76,508 

Camden,  N.  J....  75,935 

Trenton,    N.J...  73,307 

Troy,    N.  Y 75,057 

Bridgeport,    Ct..  70,996 

Lynn,    Mass 68,513 

Oakland,   Cal 66,969 

Lawrence,   Mass.  62,559 

NewBedford.Mass.  62,442 

Des  Moines,    Io.  62,139 

Springfield,Mass.  62,059 

Somerville,Mass.  61,643 

Hoboken,    N.  J..  59,364 

Evansville,   Ind..  59,007 

Manchester, N.H.  56,987 

Utica,    N.  Y 56.383 

Peoria,  111 56,100 

Charleston,   S.  C.  55,807 

Savannah,    Ga...  54,244 

Salt  LakeCity.Ut.  54,531 

SanAntonio,Tex.  53.321 

Duluth,    Minn...  52,069 

Erie,  Pa 52,733 

Elizabeth,    N.  J..  52,130 

Wilkes-Barre.Pa.  51,721 


Cities.  Population. 

Kansas  City.Kan.  51,418 

Harrisburg,   Pa..  50,167 

Portland,  Me....  50,145 

Yonkers,    N.  Y..  47,931 

Norfolk,    Va 46,624 

Waterbury,  Ct...  45,859 

Holyoke,   Mass..  45,712 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  45,115 

Youngstown,   O.  44,885 

Houston,  Tex...  44,633 

Covington,    Ky. . .  42,938 

Akron,    Ohio 42,728 

Dallas,    Tex 42,638 

Saginaw,    Mich..  42,345 

Lancaster,    Pa...  41,459 

Lincoln,  Neb 40,169 

Brockton,    Mass.  40,063 

Binghamton.N.Y.  39,647 

Augusta,    Ga 39.441 

Honolulu, Hawaii.  39.306 

Pawtucket,    R.I.  39.231 

Altoona,    Pa 3&.97t 

Wheeling.  W.Va.  38,878 

Mobile,    Ala 38,469 

Birmingham,  Ala.  38,415 


NAMES  AND  RANK  OF  FOREIGN  CITIES. 


Cities.  Population. 

London    4,536,541 

Paris   2,714,068 

Berlin   ....: 1,888,848 

Tokio,  Japan   ...1,818,055 

Vienna    1,674,957 

Canton    1,600,000 

St.   Petersburg   ..1,313,300 

Calcutta   1,125,400 

Constantinople    .1,125,000 

Moscow   1,092,360 

Peking    1,000,000 

Osaka   995.945 

Buenos  Ayres    . .    891,268 

Bombay    776,006 

Warsaw    756,426 

Rio  de  Janeiro    . .    750,000 

Glasgow     735.906 

Buda-Pesth     732,322 

Hamburg 705.738 

Liverpool     684,947 

Bangkok    600,000 

Cairo,  Egypt     .  . .     570,062 

Naples    563.541 

Brussels     562,893 

Amsterdam   546,534 

Manchester, 

England     543-969 

Madrid    539.835 

Barcelona    533.090 

Birmingham, 

England    522,182 

Madras    509,346 

Munich    499.932 


Cities.  Population. 

Melbourne     496,079 

Milan    491,460 

Marseilles    491,161 

Sydney    481,83a 

Copenhagen    476,806 

Rome    462,783 

Lyons   459.099 

Leipzig    456,124 

Odessa   449,673 

Haidarabad    448,466 

Leeds    428,953 

Breslau     422,709 

Dresden  396,146 

Sheffield    380,717 

Kioto    380,568 

Shanghai    380,000 

Cologne   372.529 

Rotterdam    357-474 

Lisbon    356,009 

Lodz    351,570 

Belfast    349,180 

Mexico  City    344.721 

Turin     335-656 

Bristol,  England.  328,842 

Yokohama    326,035 

Alexandria    319,766 

Kiev    319.000 

Edinburgh 316.479 

Stockholm    311.043 

Palermo     309,694 

Santiago. 

Chile  (est.)    . . .  206,695 

Antwerp     291,949 


Cities.  Population. 

Dublin    290,638 

Frankfort- 

on-Main  288,989 

Nagoya    288,639 

Kobe,  Japan     . . .  285,002 

Hong  Kong    283,005 

Teheran    280.000 

Bradford    279.809 

Bucharest    276,178 

Montevideo    276,034 

Havana    275,000 

Montreal    267,730 

West  Ham, 

England   267,308 

Lucknow     264,049 

Nuremberg    261,081 

Bordeaux    257,638 

Riga    256,197 

Hull  240,618 

Nottingham    239,753 

Hanover    235,649 

Rangoon    234,881 

Genoa   234,710 

The  Hague   229,839 

Magdeburg    ....  229,667 

Kristiania    227,626 

Damascus    225,000 

Salford    220.956 

Manila    219,928 

Newcastle    214,803 

Dusseldorf    .213,711 

Valencia    213.530 

Leicester    211,574 


Cities.  Population. 

Stettin     210,702 

Lille     210,696 

Benares    209,331 

Delhi    208,575 

Toronto    208,040 

Chemnitz    206,913 

Florence    205,589 

Lahore   202,964 

Prague    201,589 

Smyrna    201,000 

Kharkov    197,405 

Cawnpore    197,170 

Seoul,  Korea    . . .  196,646 

Konigsberg  ....  189,483 
Charlottenburg, 

Prussia    189,305 

Portsmouth, 

England    189,160 

Agra    188,022 

Ahmadabad    ....  185,889 

Mandelay     183,816 

Tabriz  180,000 

Stuttgart    176.699 

Bahia    174,412 

Allahabad    172,032 

Tunis    170,000 

Liege    168.532 

Bolton    168,205 

Oporto    167,955 

Cardiff    164,420 

Adelaide    163,430 

Bremen    163.297 

Vilna    162,633 


88 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


Cities.  Population. 

Ghent    162,482 

Amritsar    162,429 

Altona,Germany.  161,501 

Dundee    160,871 

Jaipur    160,167 

Lemberg   159.877 

Bangalore    159,046 

Colombo, Ceylon.  158,228 

Howrah   157.594 

Elberfeld    156,966 

Halle-on-Salle    ..  156,609 

Poona   153,320 

Nagasaki   153,293 

Zurich    152,942 

Bologna  152,009 

Venice    151.840 

Strasburg    151,041 

Toulouse    149,841 

Messina    149,778 

Catania    149.225 

Seville    148.315 

Soerabaya,    Java.  146,944 

Sunderland    146,565 

St.  Etienne    .  146,559 

Bagdad    145,000 


Cities.  Population. 

Aberdeen    143,722 

Kazan    143,707 

Saratvo    143,431 

Dortmund    142,733 

Roubaix  142,365 

Barmen    141,944 

Manheim   141,131 

Dantzig    140,563 

Fez,  Morocco    .-.  140,000 

Gratz    138,080 

Oldham, 

England   137,238 

Yekaterinoslav   ..  135,532 

Aachen    135,245 

Patna    134,785 

Trieste    134,143 

Croydon, 

England   133.885 

Goteborg    133.625 

Nantes    132.090 

Valparaiso     132,941 

Bareilly    131,208 

Lima   130,233 

Havre   130.196 

Malaga   130,109 


Cities.  Population. 

Brunswick 128,226 

Nagpur    127,734 

Blackburn    127,527 

Aleppo    127,150 

Kishinev    125,787 

Brighton, 

England   123.478 

Srinagar    122,618 

Rosario, 

Argentina    ....  122,156 

Astrakhan   121,580 

Heroshima    121,196 

Bogota    120,000 

Rostov-on-Don  .  119,889 

Surat    119.306 

Essen,  Germany.  118,862 

Beirut    118.800 

Meerut    118,129 

Syracuse    117,498 

Posen    117.033 

Rouen 116,316 

Karachi    116.163 

Batavia     115.887 

Preston    112,982 

Norwich,  England  111,728 


Cities.  Population. 

Pernambuco    ...  111,556 

Murcia,  Spain   ..  111,539 

Athens,    111,486 

Basle     111,009 

Birkenhead   ....  110,926 

Utrecht    110,648 

Gateshead    100,887 

Tula    109,352 

Brunn   109,346 

Reims   108,385! 

Kiel.  Germany    .  107,977 

Plymouth    107,509 

Krefeld    106,893 

Kassel.Germany.  106.034 

Madura    105,084 

Derby    105,785 

Geneva    105,139 

Nice,  France     ...  105,109 

Halifax,England.  104,933 
Southampton, 

England    104,911 


LEADING  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Algeria. 

Argentina. 

Austria-Hungary. 

Belgium. 

Bolivia. 

Brazil. 

British  Empire. 

England. 

Scotland. 

Wales. 

Ireland. 

India. 

Australia. 

New  Zealand. 

Canada. 

Guiana. 

Orange  R.  Colony. 

Transvaal  Colony. 
Bulgaria. 
Chile 
China. 


Colombia,  U.  S.  of. 

Costa  Rica. 

Cuba. 

Denmark. 

Ecuador. 

Egypt. 

France. 

German  Empire. 

Prussia. 

Bavaria. 

Saxony. 

Wiirtemburg. 

Baden. 

Hesse. 

Mecklenburg-  Schwerin. 

Saxe  Weimar. 

Mecklenburg-Strelitz. 

Oldenburg. 

Brunswick. 

Saxe-Meiningen. 

Saxe-Altenburg, 


Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. 

Anhalt. 

Schwarzburg- 

Rudolstadt. 

Schwarzburg- 

Sondershausen. 

Waldek. 

Reuss  Greiz. 

Lippe. 

Liibeck. 

Hamburg. 

Alsace-Loraine. 
Greece. 
Guatemala. 
Haiti. 
Honduras. 
Italy. 
Japan. 
Liberia. 
Mexico. 
Montenegro. 


Morocco. 

Netherlands. 

Nicaragua. 

Norway. 

Paraguay. 

Persia. 

Peru. 

Portugal. 

Roumania. 

Russia. 

Salvador. 

Santo  Domingo. 

Servia. 

Siam. 

Spain. 

Sweden. 

Switzerland. 

Turkey. 

Uruguay. 

Venezuela. 


WORDS  PRONOUNCED  ALIKE,  OR  NEARLY 
ALIKE,  BUT  OF  DIFFERENT  MEANINGS. 


adz,  cutting  tool, 
ail,  to  be  ill. 
air,  atmosphere. 
aisle,  passage-way. 
all,  entire. 

altar,  raised  structure. 
arc,  part  of  a  circle, 
ascent,  upward  slope, 
auger,  boring  tool. 

bad,  wicked. 

bail,  security. 

ball,  round  thing. 

bare,  naked. 

barren,  sterile. 

base,  mean. 

bask,  to  lie  in  warmth. 

bate,  to  abate. 

batten,  to  fatten. 

bay,  a  sea  inlet. 

be,  exist. 

beach,  a  shore. 

beat,  to  strike. 

beer,  fermented  liquor. 

bell,  ringing  vessel. 

berry,  a  small  fruit. 

berth,  ship  sleeping-room. 

billed,  was  charged. 

bin,  a  receptacle. 

bite,  seizing  with  teeth. 

blew,  did  blow. 

blight,  to  mildew. 

boar,  a  male  hog. 

board,  sawed  timber. 

bolder,  more  bold. 

boll,   seed  pod. 

born,  delivered. 

borough,  incorporated  town 

bot,  a  worm. 

bow,  anything  bent. 

bow,  to  courtesy. 

boy,  male  child. 

brake,  thicket. 

breach,  to  break. 

bread,  baked  flour. 

brows,  the  eyebrows. 

bruit,  to  spread  abroad. 

bus,  an  omnibus. 

but,  except,  save. 

by,  near,  next  to. 

calendar,  almanac. 
canon,  a  rule. 
canvas,  strong  cloth. 
carat,  a  we  iorht.  caret,  mark, 
cash,  readv  money. 
cast,   to   throw. 
caster,  vial,  cruet. 
capital,  chief  city. 


adds,  doth  add. 

ale,  fermented  liquor. 

heir,  legal  representative. 

isle,  island. 

awl,  pointed  instrument. 

alter,  to  change. 

ark,  chest,  vessel. 

assent,  agreement. 

augur,  to  foretell. 

bade,  did  bid. 
bale,  package,  bundle. 
bawl,  to  cry  out. 
bear,  to  support. 
baron,  nobleman. 
bass,  musical  part. 
basque,  dress  jacket. 
bait,  a  lure, 
baton,  a  staff. 
bey,  a  Turkish  official. 
bee,  winged  insect. 
beech,  a  tree, 
beet,  a  vegetable. 
bier,  burial  frame. 
belle,  a  fair  lady. 
bury,  cover  out  of  sight, 
birth,  bringing  forth. 
build,  to  construct. 
been,  have  existed, 
bight,  angle,  corner, 
blue,  a  color, 
blite,  a  genus  of  herbs. 
bore,  to  make  a  hole, 
bored,  annoyed. 
boulder,  a  round  rock, 
bowl,  small  vessel, 
borne,  carried. 
.burrow,  to  dig. 
bought,  did  buy. 
beau,  an  escort. 
bcugh,  twig,  limb, 
buoy,  floating  mark. 
break,  interruption. 
breech,  the  buttock, 
bred,  brought  up. 
browse,  to  nibble  branches, 
brute,  an  animal. 
buss,  to  kiss, 
butt,  large  cask. 
buy,  to  purchase. 

calender,  to  make  smooth, 
cannon,  large  gun. 
canvass,  to  solicit, 
carrot,  a  root, 
cache,  biding  place, 
caste,  rank. 
castor,  beaver  fur. 
capitol,  state-house. 


cause,  to  bring  about. 
cede,  to  transfer. 
cheap,  low-priced. 
ceil,  to  overlay. 
ceiling,  overhead  lining 
cell,  close  room. 
cent,  a  coin, 
cents,  small  coins, 
censer,  perfume  vessel, 
cere,  to  wax.  seer,  wise  man 
cereal,  a  grain, 
cit,  a  citizen, 
cite,  to  quote, 
claws,  nailed  toes, 
climb,  to  mount. 
coat,   outer  vestment. 
coin,  piece  of  money. 
coke,  charred  coal. 
cold,  low  temperature, 
colonel,  military  officer. 
complement,     what     com 

pletes. 
cord,  a  string. 
core,  inner  part. 
core,  innerpart. 
council,   deliberative  body. 
course,  a  road. 
cousin,  uncle's  child. 
cue,  billiard  stick, 
currant,  a  small  fruit. 
crease,  fold, 
cymbal,  musical  instrument. 

dam,  barrier. 
Dane,  of  Denmark. 
day,  after  sunrise. 
demean,  to  behave. 
desert,  to  forsake. 
dew,  moisture. 
die,  to  expire, 
doe,  female  deer, 
done,  completed. 
droop,  hang  downward, 
dual,  double. 
dust,  earthy  particles, 
dying,  expiring. 


caws,  crow  cries, 
seed,  a  ripened  ovule. 
cheep,  to  chirp. 
seal,  make  fast, 
sealing,  making  fast. 
sell,  dispose  of. 
scent,  smell, 
sense,  a  faculty. 
censor,  a  critic. 
.sear,  to  wither, 
serial,  running  story. 
sit,  be  seated. 
sight,  power  of  vision, 
clause,  sentence. 
clime,  climate. 
cote,  dove  house. 
coign,  an  angle. 
coak,  a  tenon. 
coaled,  took  on  coal, 
kernel,  single  seed, 
compliment,    word   of   ap- 
proval, 
chord,  musical  tone. 
corps,  a  body  of  men. 
chore,  small  job. 
counsel,  advice. 
coarse,  not  refined, 
cozen,  to  cheat, 
queue,  tail  of  hair, 
current,  onward  motion, 
creese,  dagger, 
symbol,  a  type. 

damn,  oath. 

deign,  to  esteem  worthy. 

dey,  a  governor. 

demesne,  manor  place. 

dessert,  last  dinner  course. 

due,  payable. 

dye,  to  color. 

dough,  unbaked  bread. 

dun,  a  color. 

drupe,  pulpy  fruit. 

duel,  battle  between  two. 

dost,   do. 

dyeing,  coloring. 


(89) 


earn,  to  deserve. 

fain,  to  be  glad,  fane,  tempi 

fair,  unblemished. 

faun,  a  deity. 

feat,  an  act. 

felloe,  wheel  rim. 

ferule,  flat  piece  of  wood. 

6r,  a  tree. 

fizz,  to  hiss. 

flea,  jumping  animal. 

flour,  ground  grain. 


urn,  a  vessel. 

e. feign,  pretend. 
fare,  price  of  a  passage, 
fawn,  flatter. 
feet,  ambulatory  parts, 
fellow,  associate, 
ferrule,  metal  cap. 
fur,  soft  hair. 
phiz,  face, 
flee,  run  away, 
flower,  a  bloom. 


90 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


foul,  noxious. 
fore,  in  front. 
forth,  away  from. 
freeze,  to  congeal. 

gall,  bitter  liquid, 
gamble,  playing  for  stakes. 
gate,  an  opening. 
gild,  to  cover  with  gold, 
gilt,  covered  with  gold, 
glacier,  ice  river. 
grate,  to  rub  harshly. 
greave,  armor. 
guest,  one  entertained. 

hail,  frozen  rain, 
hall,  meeting  place, 
hair,  head  covering, 
hart,  male  deer. 
heal,  to  cure.     ' 
hear,  listen  to. 
hew,  to  cat. 
hie,  hasten, 
him,  objective  of  he. 
ho!  an  exclamation. 
hoar,  whitish, 
hoop,  circular  band. 
hole,  opening. 

I,  pronoun.      Aye,  yes. 
idle,  lazy,    idol,  image. 
in,  within. 
indict,  charge  with  crime. 

jam,  a  crush. 

kame,  hill. 

key,  unlocking  instrument. 

kill,  to  slay. 

knows,  has  knowledge  of. 

lac,  resin, 
laff,  a  fish, 
lam,  to  strike. 
lane,  narrow  way. 
lap,  kneepart. 
laps,  knee  parts. 
lea,  grassy  field, 
leach,  to  wash, 
leaf,  foliage. 
leak,  to  admit  water, 
led,  did  lead, 
limb,  tree-branch, 
load,  a  burden, 
loan,  a  lending, 
loath,  unwilling. 
loot,  rob. 
lose,  cease  to  have. 

made,  manufactured, 
main,  principal  part. 
male,  masculine. 
mall,  a  walk. 
mantel,  a  shelf, 
mark,  visible  sign. 
marshal,  an  officer, 
martin,  a  bird, 
mat,  floor  covering, 
maze,  a  winding. 
mead,  a  drink, 
mean,  stingy. 
meat,  flesh. 
medal,  a  reward, 
metal,  refined  ore. 


fowl,  a  large  bird, 
four,  twice  two. 
fourth,  after  third. 
frieze,  a  coarse  cloth. 

Gaul,  ancient  country. 
gambol,  to  frisk. 
gait,  movement. 
guild,  a  fraternity. 
guilt,  criminality. 
glazier,  glass-setter. 
great,    renowned, 
grieve,  to  sorrow. 
guessed,  supposed. 

hale,  hearty, 
haul,  to  draw. 
hare,  wild  animal. 
heart,  pulsating  organ, 
heel,  hinder  foot-part. 
here,  in  this  place. 
hue,  a  color, 
high,  elevated. 
hymn,  sacred  song. 
hoe,  garden  implement. 
whore,  a  lewd  woman, 
whoop,  loud  shout, 
whole,  all. 

eye,  organ  of  sight. 
idyl,  short  poem, 
inn,  public  house. 
indite,  dictate. 

jamb,  door  part. 

came,  did  come, 
quay,  a  wharf. 
kiln,  furnace. 
nose,  organ  of  smell. 

lack,  to  be  without, 
laugh,  to  show  mirth, 
lamb,  young  sheep. 
lain,  did  lay. 
Lapp,  of  Lapland. 
lapse,  to  pass  away. 
lee,  sheltered  side. 
leech,  sucking  animal, 
lief,  willingly. 
leek,  bulbous  plant. 
lead,  a  heavy  metal. 
limn,  to  draw. 
lode,  metallic  vein. 
lone,  by  one's  self. 
loathe,  to  hate. 
lute,  musical  instrument. 
loose,  to  untie. 

maid,  a  girl, 
mane,  heavy  hair, 
mail,  armor, 
maul,  wooden  hammer, 
mantle,  a  cloak. 
marque,  a  license. 
martial,  warlike, 
marten,  fur  animal, 
matte,  slag. 
maize,  Indian  corn, 
meed,  reward. 
mesne,  intermediate. 
meet,  to  come  together. 
meddle,  to  intrude. 
mettle,  spirit,  courage. 


miner,  who  mines. 
mind,  intellect. 
mist,  thin  rain. 
mite,  small   thing. 

nap,  a  short  sleep. 

nave,  a  hub. 

need,  necessity. 

niece,  brother's  daughter. 

night,  darkness. 

nit,  louse  egg. 

nock,  to  notch. 

none,  not  any. 

not,  negative. 

ode,  a  lyric  poem, 
ordinance,  a  statute. 
ore,  raw  mineral. 
our,  pertaining  to  us. 

pain,  suffering. 

palate,  roof  of  the  mouth. 

pale,  lacking  color. 

pare,  shave  off.    pair,  two. 

peace,  repose. 

peak,  summit,    peek,  peep. 

peal,  a  loud  sound. 

pedal,  foot  lever. 

peer,  an  equal. 

phrase,  term. 

pistil,  seed  organ. 

place,  definite  point. 

plain,  level  space. 

plat,  flat  ground. 

plate,  a  table  dish. 

plum,  a  fruit. 

pole,  tall  piece  of  wood. 

populace,  the  people. 

prophecy,  prediction. 

pore,  minute  orifice. 

port,  a  harbor. 

praise,  to  commend. 

pray,  to  make  petition. 

quire,  twenty-four  sheets. 

rack,  a  hay  frame. 
rabbit,  a  wild  animal, 
racket,  confused  noise. 
rail,  to  scoff. 
rain,  falling  drops, 
raise,  to  lift  up. 
rap,  to  knock  on. 
red,  a  color. 
read,  to  peruse. 
reave,  to  rob. 
reck,  to  care  for. 
rest,  quiet. 
retch,  to  strain. 
right,  not  wrong. 
rime,  hoar-frost. 
ring,  circular  area. 
rite,  a  ceremony. 
road,  a  highway. 
roam,  to  wander. 
roar,  a  deep  sound. 
roc,  monstrous  bird, 
roe,  fish  spawn. 
role,  assumed  part, 
rood,  a  measure. 
room,  extent  of  place. 
rote,  repetition. 
rough,  not  smooth. 
rung,  a  round. 
rye,  a  graia 


minor,  below  age. 
mined,  dug  out. 
missed,  failed  to  hit. 
might,  strength. 

knap,  a  button. 
knave,  a  rascal, 
knead,  to  work  dough, 
gneiss,  a  minera.. 
knight,  a  champion, 
knit,  to  loop  yarn. 
knock,  a  hard  stroke. 
nun,  a  devoted  woman, 
knot,  a  tie. 

owed,  did  owe. 
ordnance,  heavy  weapons. 
oar,  rowing  implement. 
hour,  sixty  minutes. 

pane,  light  of  glass, 
pallet,  bed  of  straw. 
pail,  water  vessel, 
pear,  fruit. 
piece,  a  part  of. 
pique,  offend. 
peel,  to  strip  off. 
peddle,  to  sell. 
pier,  bridge  support. 
fraise,  a  defense, 
pistol,  a  weapon. 
plaice,  a  flounder. 
plane,  smoothing  tool, 
plait,  pleat. 
plait,   to  pleat. 
plumb,  perpendicular. 
poll,  to  enumerate. 
populous,   thickly  peopled 
prophesy,  to  foretell. 
pour,  to  send  forth. 
Porte,  the  Turkish  court 
prays,  he  petitions. 
prey,  booty. 

choir,  musical  body 

wrack,  seaweed, 
rabbet,  groove,  joint. 
racquet,  a  game. 
rale,  a  chest  sound. 
reign,  to  rule,  rein,  a  straps 
raze,  to  tear  down. 
wrap,  an  outer  garment 
read,  did  read. 
reed,  coarse  grass. 
reeve,  an  officer. 
wreck,  to  destroy. 
wrest,  to  pull  away. 
wretch,  miserable  person. 
wright,  a  mechanic. 
rhyme,  measured  verse. 
wring,  to  squeeze  hard, 
write,  to  inscribe. 
rode,  did  ride. 
Rome,  Italian  city 
rore,  dewy, 
rock,  large  stone 
row,  propel  a  boat. 
roll,  to  move  by  turning 
rude,  bad  mannered. 
rheum,  mucous  discharge 
wrote,  did  write 
ruff,  fluted  collar, 
wrung,  squeezed  hard, 
wry,  distorted. 


WORDS   PRONOUNCED  ALIKE,   OR   NEARLY  ALIKE. 


91 


sack,  a  bag. 

sail,  ship  canvas. 

sane,  of  sound  mind. 

scene,  place  of  occurrence. 

scull,  an  oar. 

sea,  body  of  water. 

seal,  to  shut  close. 

seam,  line  of  junction. 

sear,  to  wither. 

sere,  withered. 

serge,  a  cloth. 

serf,  a  bondman. 

shear,  to  clip. 

shew,  to  show. 

shoot,  young  plant. 

sign,  a  token. 

sink,  to  descend. 

sloe,  a  plum. 

so,  in  that  manner. 

soak,  to  steep. 

soar,  to  fly  high. 

sole,  bottom  of  the  foot. 

some,  indefinite  quantity. 

son,  male  child. 

soot,  carbon  powder. 

stake,  pointed  piece  of  wood 

stationary,  not  moving. 

steal,  to  filch. 

steer,  to  guide. 

step,  foot  movement. 

sticks,  pieces  of  wood. 

stile,  revolving  gate. 

stoop,  to  bend  down. 

strait,  narrow  passage. 

subtle,  artful. 

succor,  to  assist. 

swath,  line  of  cut  grass. 

tacks,  small  nails. 
tale,  a  story. 


sacque,  a  kind  of  coat, 
sale,  act  of  selling, 
seine,  fishing  net. 
seen,  was  observed, 
skull,  brain  case. 
see,  to  perceive, 
seel,  to  blind. 
seem,  to  appear. 
seer,  a  wise  man. 

surge,  to  roll  high, 
surf,  ocean  swell, 
sheer,  vertical. 
shoe,  foot  covering, 
chute,  trough,  slide, 
sine,  measure  of  an  arc. 
cinque,  five. 
slow,  not  swift. 
sew,  to  stitch, 
soke,  a  franchise. 
sore,  painful. 
soul,  spirit. 
sum,  amount. 
sun,  central  planet, 
suit,  legal  process. 
steak,  cut  of  beef, 
stationery,  writing  articles, 
steel,  hardened  iron, 
stere,  a  measure, 
steppe,  elevated  plain. 
Styx,  river  of  Hades, 
style,  mode, 
stupe,  a  compress, 
straight,  not  crooked, 
subtile,  nice,  fine, 
sucker,  a  kind  of  fish, 
swathe,  to  bandage. 

tax,  imposed  charge, 
tail,  rear  ap»*»dage. 


taper,  small  light. 

tare,  a  weed. 

taut,  stretched  tightly. 

tea,  a  table  drink. 

team,  hitched  animals. 

tear,  limpid  eye-drop. 

terce,  third  part. 

tern,  water  fowl. 

the,  definite  article. 

their,  of  them. 

threw,  did  throw. 

throe,  violent  pain. 

tide,  rising  of  water. 

time,  duration. 

to,  toward,     too,  more  than. 

toe,  foot  member. 

ton,  a  weight. 

troche,  medicinal  lozenge. 

troop,  a  body  of  soldiers. 

vain,  proud, 
vane,  weathercock. 
vale,  valley. 
vice,  defect,  fault. 

wail,  mournful  outcry. 
wain,  a  wagon. 
waist,  middle  part, 
wait,  to  stay  for. 
ware,  articles  for  sale. 
wave,  swell  of  water. 
way,  will,  road. 
weak,  feeble. 
weald,  wooded  land, 
wean,  to  detach, 
weather,  atmospheric  condi- 
tion. 


tapir,  wild  animal, 
tear,  to  rend, 
taught,  did  teach. 
tee,  small  earth  mound, 
teem,  to  abound, 
tier,  row  of  seats. 
terse,  brief,  concise, 
turn,  move  around, 
thee,  objective  of  thou, 
there,  iii  that  place, 
through,  from  end  to  end. 
throw,  to  fling, 
tied,  fastened. 
thyme,  garden  plant. 
two,  twice  one. 
tow,  coarse  flax, 
tun,  a  large  cask, 
trochee,  metrical  foot, 
troupe,  stage  company. 

vein,  blood  vessel. 

veil,  face  cover. 

vise,  holding  implement. 

wale,  streak,  mark, 
wane,  to  wax  less. 
waste,  to  destroy, 
weight,  heaviness. 
wear,  the  thing  worn, 
waive,  to  relinquish. 
weigh,  ascertain  weight 
week,  seven  days, 
wield,  use,  handle. 
ween,  to  think, 
wether,  male  sheep. 


yew,  a  tree.  You,  yourself,  ewe,  female  sheep. 


THE   REFORMED  SPELLING   CAMPAIGN. 


Early  Stages. — At  every  stage  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  English  language  its  spellings  have 
engaged  the  attention,  with  more  or  less 
earnestness,  of  its  grammarians,  lexicograph- 
ers, writers  and  instructors.  During  the  for- 
mative periods  of  the  language  much  might 
have  been  accomplished  in  shaping,  simplify- 
ing and  rendering  uniform  its  spellings,  had 
it  been  possible  for  all  "masters  of  speech" 
to  have  come  together  in  periodical  conven- 
tions, or  to  have  otherwise  cooperated,  for 
the  establishment  of  spelling  rules.  This  not 
having  been  possible,  the  always  existing  in- 
terest in  spelling  never  became  coherent,  with 
the  result  that  words  assumed  spellings  after 
very  arbitrary  and,  sometimes,  very  absurd 
fashions.  In  time,  these  badly  spelled  words 
became  so  fixed  in  the  language  as  to  make 
a  reformed,  modernized,  rational  and  purely 
phonetic  spelling  of  them  a  difficult  and  slow 
task. 

American  Reform.  —  In  England,  during 
later  years,  learned  men  began  to  come  more 
and  more  together  on  the  need  of  spelling  re- 
form, and  cooperative  effort  assumed  the  form 
of  widely  represented  organizations,  whose 
agency  has  proved  far-reaching.  In  America, 
Benjamin  Franklin  first  kindled  the  fire  of  re- 
formed English  speech  by  a  proposition  to 
exclude  many  useless  letters  from  the  alphabet 
and  to  make  a  dictionary  with  improved  spell- 
ings. Noah  Webster,  in  his  dictionary,  insisted 
upon  like  reforms  and  accomplished  many,  an 
instance  of  which  was  the  expunging  of  the  let- 
ter u  from  the  spelling  of  labour  (labor).  Benn 
Pitman,  author  of  the  shorthand,  or  phonetic, 
system  of  writing,  was  an  important  factor 
in  the  spelling  reform  movement.  But  the  real 
campaign  for  reformed  spelling  in  America 
was  begun  in  1876,  when  leading  scholars  of 
America  and  England  held  an  international 
convention  at  Philadelphia,  as  part  of  the  cere- 
monies of  the  Centennial  Exposition  of  that 
year,  whose  object  was  "the  amendment  of 
English  orthography,"  The  members  of  this 
Convention  organized  the  "Spelling  Reform 
Association,"  and  made  Prof.  Francis  A. 
March,  Senior,  of  Lafayette  College,  Pennsyl- 
vania, its  permanent  president.  This  associa- 
tion later  connected  itself  with  the  "National 
Educational  and  American  Philological  Asso- 
ciation," and  the  two  cooperated  in  distribu- 


ting periodicals  and  general  literature  in  lavor 
of  reformed  spelling.  They  naturally  en- 
countered much  opposition,  and  were  handi- 
capped in  their  efforts  by  lack  of  means.  But 
the  fact  that  the  combined  associations  counted 
among  their  members  the  leading  scholars  of 
the  land  soon  became  known,  and  reformed 
spelling  began  to  be  thought  worthy  of  edi- 
torial, magazine,  pamphlet,  and  even  book,  dis- 
cussions, much  to  its  encouragement,  though 
not  at  all  times  favorable.  As  discussions 
went  on,  objections  to  the  reform  movement 
diminished  in  number  and  effect.  It  was 
gradually  ascertained  that  the  most  formidable 
objections  remaining  to  be  met  were  those 
from  printers  and  compositors,  who  were 
wedded  to  their  old  ways  of  spelling;  pub- 
lishers, who  feared  the  effect  of  new  spellings 
on  their  trade;  the  common  people,  with  their 
prejudices  against  change.  To  make  more 
than  very  slow  progress  against  these  seemed 
impossible,  unless  something  should  happen 
to  give  fresh  impetus  to  the  reform  and  enable 
it  to  maintain  persistency.  This  happening 
came  about  through  the  agency  of  Andrew 
Carnegie,  who  created  (1906)  a  fund  to  en- 
courage spelling  reform,  the  income  from 
which  is  supposed  to  be  the  equivalent  of 
$15,000  a  year. 

Simplified  Spelling  Board. — As  a  prelim- 
inary to  and  a  result  of  the  Carnegie  gift,  The 
Simplified  Spelling  Board  was  organized,  with 
headquarters  at  No.  1  Madison  Avenue,  New 
York  City.    It  is  composed  as  follows : 

Brander  Matthews,  professor  in  Columbia 
University,  chairman. 

E.  Benjamin  Andrews,  chancellor  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Nebraska. 

O.  C.  Blackmer,  publisher,  Oak  Park  (Chi- 
cago), 111. 

David  J.  Brewer,  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States. 

Nicholas  Murray  Butler,  president  of  Columbia 
University. 

Andrew  Carnegie,  New  York. 

Samuel  L.  Clemens,  New  York. 

Melvil  Dewey,  lately  director  of  the  New 
York  State  Library,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Isaac  K.  Funk,  editor  and  publisher  of  the 
Standard  Dictionary. 


(9?) 


THE  REFORMED   SPELLING  CAMPAIGN. 


Lyman  J.  Gage,  ex-Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
New  York. 

Richard  Watson  Gilder,  editor  of  the  Century 
Magazine. 

William  T.  Harris,  Commissioner  of  Educa- 
tion, Washington,  D.  C. 

George  Hempl,  professor  in  the  University  of 
Michigan. 

Thomas  Wentworth  Higginson,  Cambridge, 
Mass. 

Henry  Holt,  publisher,  New  York. 

William  James,  professor  in  Harvard  Uni- 
versity. 

David  Starr  Jordan,  president  of  the  Leland 
Stanford  University. 

Thomas  R.  Lounsbury,  professor  in  Yale  Uni- 
versity. 

Francis  A.  March,  professor  in  Lafayette  Col- 
lege. 

William  W.  Morrow,  U.  S.  Circuit  judge,  San 
Francisco,  Cal.  ' 

Homer  H.  Seerley,  president  of  the  State  Nor- 
mal School,  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa. 

Benjamin  E.  Smith,  editor  of  the  Century  Dic- 
tionary, New  York. 

Charles  E.  Sprague,  president  of  the  Union 
Dime  Savings  Institution,  New  York. 

Calvin  Thomas,  professor  in  Columbia  Uni- 
versity. 

E.  O.  Vaile,  Chicago,  111. 

William  Hayes  Ward,  editor  of  the  Independ- 
ent, New  York. 

Robert  S.  Woodward,  president  of  the  Carnegie 
Institution. 

Charles  P.  G.  Scott,  etymological  editor  of  the 
Century  Dictionary,  New  York,  secretary. 

First   Step   of   the    Board. — As   one   of   the 

first  steps  of  The  Simplified  Spelling  Board  it 
issued  (March  21,  1906)  a  circular  to  the  pub- 
lic, giving  reasons  for  its  existence  and  a  brief 
outline  of  its  purposes.  These  can  be  best  pre- 
sented here  in  the  language  of  the  Board, 
which  reads: 

"All  whose  mother-tongue  is  English  be- 
lieve that,  if  it  is  not  unfairly  handicapped,  it 
will  become  the  dominant  and  international 
language  of  the  world.  For  this  destiny  it  is 
fitted  by  its  use  as  the  medium  of  the  widest 
commerce  and  the  most  progressive  civiliza- 
tion, by  its  cosmopolitan  vocabulary,  and  by 
■Hs  grammatical  simplicity.  No  other  existing 
speech,  and  none  of  the  proposed  artificial  in- 
ternational languages,  has  the  same  adaptabil- 


ity to  such  a  use.  There  is,  however,  a  wide- 
spread and  well-grounded  conviction  that  in 
its  progress  toward  this  goal  our  language  is 
handicapped  by  one  thing,  and  one  only — its 
intricate  and  disordered  spelling,  which  makes 
it  a  puzzle  to  the  stranger  within  our  gates 
and  a  mystery  to  the  stranger  beyond  the  seas. 
English  is  easy,  adaptable  and  capable  of  a 
many-sided  development:  its  spelling  is  diffi- 
cult and  cumbersome. 

"Apart  from  its  relation  to  the  foreigner, 
our  intricate  and  disordered  spelling  also  places 
a  direct  burden  upon  every  native  user  of  Eng- 
lish. It  wastes  a  large  part  of  the  time  and 
effort  given  to  the  instruction  of  our  children, 
keeping  them,  for  example,  from  one  to  two 
years  behind  the  school-children  of  Germany, 
and  condemning  many  of  them  to  alleged 
"illiteracy"  all  their  days.  Moreover,  the  print- 
ing, typewriting  and  handwriting  of  the  use- 
less letters  which  our  spelling  prescribes,  and 
upon  which  its  difficulty  chiefly  rests,  waste 
every  year  millions  of  dollars,  and  time  and 
effort  worth  millions  more.  If,  then,  as  is 
certain,  the  reasonable  and  gradual  simplifica- 
tion of  our  spelling  will  aid  the  spread  of 
English,  with  the  attendant  advancement  of 
commerce,  of  democratic  ideals  and  of  intel- 
lectual and  political  freedom ;  will  economize 
the  time  of  our  school-children  and  make  their 
work  more  efficient,  and  will  aid  greatly  in 
the  cheapening  of  printing,  is  it  not  a  matter 
which  appeals  to  common  sense,  to  patriotism 
and  to  philanthropy? 

"Some  of  those  who  would  like  to  see  our 
spelling  made  simpler  fear  that  this  will  ob- 
scure the  derivation  of  words;  but  all  etymol- 
ogists deny  the  statement  and  repudiate  the 
argument.  Etymology  is  history,  and  is  now 
secure  in  innumerable  books.  Some  object  to 
any  change,  not  realizing  that  change — much 
of  it  of  the  nature  of  simplification— has  been 
almost  continuous  in  the  history  of  English 
spelling.  We  do  not  print  Shakespeare's  or 
Bacon's  words  as  they  were  written;  and 
surely,  no  great  catastrophe  to  English  liter- 
ature or  to  the  literary  character  of  the  lan- 
guage will  have  happened  if  our  successors 
find — as  they  certainly  will — as  great  or  greater 
differences  between  their  spelling  and  thai,  of 
the  present  day.  In  familiar  correspondence 
many  simplified  forms  are  now  used  which 
shock  no  one's  nerves,  and  in  the  most  emo- 
tional poetry  forms  such  as  dropt,  stept,  prest 
(Tennyson)  are  printed  without  attracting  at- 
tention. So  eminent  a  body  as  the  National 
Educational  Association,  of  many  thousand 
members,  has  deliberately  selected  a  number 


04 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


of  simplified  spellings  to  be  used  in  its  printed 
documents,  and  these  spellings  have  been 
adopted  by  many  periodicals  and  by  hundreds 
of  individuals.  In  fact,  it  is  probable  that  if 
all  English  words  were  printed  to-morrow  in 
the  simpler  forms,  which  they  unquestionably 
will  bear  a  hundred  years  hence,  it  would  take 
a  very  little  while  for  us  all  to  become  ac- 
customed to  then. 

"With  the  purpose  of  expediting  this  natural 
process  of  change,  which  has  been  going  on 
for  centuries,  and,  as  far  as  may  be  possible, 
of  guiding  it  in  the  direction  of  simplicity  and 
economy,  an  organization,  known  as  The 
Simplified  Spelling  Board  (the  members  of 
which  are  named  on  a  former  page),  has  been 
formed,  which  will  urge  educated  people  every- 
where to  aid  in  the  gradual  simplification  of 
English  spelling,  and  thus  help  to  make  the 
English  language  more  and  more  easy  to  ac- 
quire and  to  use.  The  liberality  of  Mr.  Andrew 
Carnegie  has  supplied  this  Board  with  funds 
for  its  work,  and  plans  for  a  campaign,  which 
will  extend  over  a  number  of  years,  have  been 
formed. 

"The  recommendations  of  the  Board  will  be 
announced  from  time  to  time,  as  its  plans 
mature.  In  this  preliminary  circular  it  desires 
merely  to  ask  those  who  sympathize  with  its 
aims  to  take  a  simple  initial  step.  There  is 
inclosed  a  list  of  three  hundred  of  the  com- 
monest words  (not  the  complete  list,  which 
amounts  to  thousands),  of  which  different 
spellings  are  authorized  by  the  leading  dic- 
tionaries or  by  the  usage  of  eminent  men  of 
letters,  the  simpler  forms  being  printed  in  the 
first  column  and  the  more  complex  forms  in 
the  second.  See  these  300  words  on  following 
pages." 

What  Confuses  Spellers. — The  Simplified 
Spelling  Board  backed  up  its  first  circular  by 
a  review  of  the  conditions  prevailing  in  the 
spellings  of  the  English  language,  especially 
those  which  lead  to  confusion.     It  says: 

"The  anomalies  and  perversities  of  English 
spelling  are  obvious  enough  and  call  loudly 
for  regulation.  But'  the  very  fact  that  some 
spellings  are  anomalous  and  perverse  implies 
that  the  other  spellings  are  more  or  less  reg- 
ular, and  this  is  true.  The  majority  of  English 
»  words  are  spelled  according  to  ascertainable 
analogies,  and  are  thus  fairly  regular.  This 
is  especially  true  as  to  literary  words  of  more 
than  one  syllable,  of  Latin  or  Greek  origin. 
Thus,  words  like  eminent,  prominent,  evident, 
protestant,  memorial,  terrestrial,  practical,  astro- 
nomical, familiar,  peculiar,  ability,  conformity, 
monopoly,  tedious,  previous,   biology,  etc.,  are 


approximately  phonetic  as  to  the  short  vowels 
which  are  concerned  in  these  words.  They 
would  •  not  present  many  difficulties  to  the 
learner,  if  the  learner  were  not  confused  by  a 
host  of  other  words  with  other  analogies.  It 
is  true  also  of  a  great  many  monosyllables 
not  ending  in  silent  e,  as  bat,  bet,  bit,  but,  bad, 
bed,  bid,  bud,  ban,  bin,  bun,  cam,  dam,  slam, 
slap,  slat,  clash,  clasp,  self,  help,  strong, 
strength,  etc.,  but  here  again  a  host  of  other 
monosyllables  suggesting  other  analogies 
(plaid,  saith,  bread,  been,  flood,  come,  etc.) 
rush  in  to  badger  and  confuse  the  unhappy 
learner." 

Easy  to  Simplify  Spelling. — With  reference 
to  the  simplicity  of  the  matter  of  reform  spell- 
ing, and  to  the  fact  that  many  of  the  proposed 
reforms  are  but  returns  to  old  and  well-estab- 
lished spellings  the  Board  says: 

"The  rules  and  analogies  which  underlie 
English  spelling  can,  however,  be  ascertained 
and  stated,  and  the  exceptions  can  then  be 
clearly  seen.  The  next  thing  is  to  reduce  or 
abolish  the  exceptions.  The  process  has 
worked  well  with  many  words.  Why  not  con- 
tinue it  with  other  words?  The  matter  is 
really  very  simple.  When  the  rules  and  anal- 
ogies are  understood,  any  intelligent  person 
can  see  for  himself  when  a  particular  spelling 
deviates  from  them.  Thus,  any  one  can  see 
that  binn,  bunn,  butt,  are  out  of  accord  with  the 
rule  established  by  the  innumerable  words  like 
pin,  pun,  cut,  that  centre,  metre,  fibre,  etc.,  are 
out  of  accord  with  the  rule  established  by 
canter,  numb,er,  timber,  diameter,  etc.,  and  that 
favour,  honour,  etc.,  are  out  of  accord  with  the 
rule  established  by  error,  terror,  minor,  major, 
editor,  senator,  etc.  So  likewise  dript,  dropt, 
snapt,  drest,  prest,  etc.,  tho  now  actually  less 
common  than  dripped,  dropped,  snapped,  crossed, 
dressed,  are  more  in  accord  with  the  pre- 
vailing analogy  of  />  or  s  before  a  t  sound,  which 
appears  in  apt,  host,  boast,  best,  nest,  rust,  etc., 
and  in  the  old  spelling,  still  retained,  of  some 
preterits  and  participles,  as  crept,  lost,  swept, 
etc.,  as  well  as  dreamt,  leapt,  etc.  The  common 
forms,  dripped,  dropped,  dressed,  pressed,  etc., 
are  in  a  great  part  alterations  of  seventeenth 
and  eighteenth  century  spellings  with  t.  The 
alterations  were  made  to  establish  a  visible  but 
fallacious  uniformity  of  inflection.  Forms  like 
dript,  dropt,  stcpt,  stopt,  crost,  drest,  kist.  prest, 
etc.,  abound  in  the  original  editions  of  Shakes- 
peare, Milton,  Dryden,  Pope,  Burns,  Scott, 
Byron,  and  are  very  common  in  more  recent 
poets,  as  Tennyson,  Landor,  Swinburne,  Lo- 
well. They  are  always  seen  in  those  modern 
editions  of  the  older  standard  writers  in  which 


THE  REFORMED   SPELLING  CAMPAIGN. 


95 


fied  Spelling  Board  purposely  omitted  from 
its  larger  list  of  more  than  1,000  words  certain 
large  classes  of  words  spelled  in  two  or  more 
ways,  such  as  chemical  words  in  -ide  or  -id, 
and  -ine  or  -in,  and  the  forms  involving  -//  or 
-/,  or  -tt  or  -t,  before  suffixes,  as  travelled  or 
traveled,  traveller  or  traveler,  travelling  or 
traveling,  etc.,  rivetted  or  riveted,  rivetter  or 
riveter,  rivetting  or  riveting,  etc.,  in  all  of  which 
the  simpler  form  of  spelling  is,  of  course,  to 
be  preferred. 

In  its  submitted  list  of  300  common  words 
the  Board  distinguishes  twenty,  classes  of 
words,  to  each  of  which  a  simple  and  a  definite 
spelling  rule  is  applicable.  With  these  rules 
as  starting  points  anyone,  even  the  youngest 
scholar  in  school  or  the  least  learned,  can  spell 
not  only  the  300  words  of  the  list,  but  all 
analogous  words,  with  the  greatest  ease  and 
accuracy,  and  will  feel  that  a  happy  escape 
has  been  made  from  mental  hardship  and  con- 
fusion. 

The  twenty  classes  of  words,  arranged  in 
the  alphabetic  order  of  the  letters  or  affixes 
affected,  together  with  the  rules  applicable  to 
them,  are  as  follows : — 

1.  Words  spelled  with  ae,  se  or  e.  Rule:  Choose  e. 
Ex. :  Anesthetic,  esthetic,  medieval,  etc. 

2.  Words  spelled  with  -dge-ment  or  -dg-ment. 
Rule:  Omit  e.  Ex.:  Abridgment,  acknowledgment, 
judgment,  lodgment. 

*3.  Words  spelled  with  -ed  or  -t,  the  preceding 
single  consonant  being  doubled  before  -ed  {-pped, 
-sscd)  and  left  single  before  -t  (-pt,  -st).  Rule: 
Choose  -t  in  all  cases.  Ex. :  Dipt,  dript,  dropt,  stept, 
slopt,  etc.,  blest,  prest,  distrest,  mist,  etc.,  blnsht,  husht, 
■washt,  etc. 

•Forms  like  those  found  in  class,  or  rule,  three,  being  inflections,  are  commonly  omitted  from  dictionary  lists  of  words  spelled 
in  two  ways,  but  they  are  genuine  historical  spellings  and  cannot  be  ignored.  Some  are  very  ancient.  For  instance,  kist  is 
A-S.  cyste,  mist  is  A-S.  miste,  and  all  are  frequent  and  normal  in  English  literature  from  Spenser,  Shakespeare  and  Milton 
to  Tennyson  and  Lowell. 

How  remarkable  it  all  seems,  that  in  our  modern  efforts  to  simplify  English  spelling  we  do,  in  such  a  vast  number  of  instances, 
but  go  back  to  the  forms  employed  by  the  greatest  writers  of  former  centuries.  Milton,  for  example,  has  compast,  languisht, 
vanquisht,    admonisht,    astonisht,    diminisht,    polisht,    worshipt,    supt.  ceast,  linkt,  matcht,  scorcht,   etc. 

To  instance  more  in  detail,  the  following  spelling  forms  are  used  with  frequency  by  the  noted  authors  whose  names  follow  them. 

lasht:    Spenser,    Shakespeare,    Quarles. 

leapt :  Addison,  Collins.  Tennyson,  Mrs.  Browning,  Swinburne. 

lookt :    Spenser,    Milton,    Bunyan,    De    Foe. 

lopt:   Shakespeare,  Milton,   Young. 

mist:    Shakespeare,   Walton,   Bunyan,    Lowell. 

mixt:   Bible  (1611),  Shakespeare,  Bacon,  Milton,  Addison. 

nipt:    Shakespeare,   Pope,   Shelley. 

opprest:  Milton,  Dryden,  Burns. 

past:   Shakespeare,  Dryden,  Goldsmith,  Burns,  Tennyson. 

possest:   Milton,  Addison,   Pope,   Gray,  Goldsmith,   Lowell. 

prest:    Spenser,   Milton,   Dryden,   Burns,  Tennyson,   Loweil. 

propt :  Dryden,  Pope,  Burns,  Tennyson,  Lowell. 

sipt :  Tennyson. 

skipt:   Shakespeare,  Milton. 

slipt:   Shakespeare,  Tennvson. 

stept:   Milton,   Bunyan,  Dryden,  Burns,   Scott,  Tennyson. 

stopt:    Shakespeare,   Milton,   Tennyson. 

stript:   Shakespeare,  Bunyan,  Burns,  Tennyson,  Lowelt 

tapt :   Tennyson. 

tipt:   Milton,  Pope,  Somerville. 

tost:  Milton,  Dryden,  Burns,  Whittier,  Lowell. 

trapt :  Tennyson. 

tript :    Shakespeare. 

vext:  Shakespeare,  Milton,  Pope,  Tennyson,  LowelL 

wisht:  Shakespeare,  Milton. 

wrapt:  Milton,  Burns,  Pope,  Cowper,  Scott,  Lowell. 


the  attempt  is  made  to  give  a  correct  text. 
The  habit  of  present  publishers  of  permitting 
their  proofreaders  to  'adopt'  some  imperfect 
standard,  like  the  older  dictionaries,  as  an  in- 
flexible rule,  and  to  alter  the  text  of  the  stand- 
ard authors,  when  a  new  edition  is  made,  to 
suit  his  'preference,'  serves  to  conceal  from 
the  reader  the  real  spelling  of  the  author  him- 
self. Thus,  not  only  Shakespeare  and  Milton, 
but  Pope,  Cowper,  Byron,  Scott,  Campbell, 
Macaulay,  are  compelled  to  appear,  not  in 
their  own  spelling,  but  in  the  spelling  of  the 
publisher  or  proofreader  who  chances  to  'pre- 
fer' the  authority  of  some  dictionary.  This 
tends  to  suppress  the  truth,  to  stereotype  bad 
forms  as  well  as  good,  and  to  prevent  that 
reasonable  change  toward  order  and  simplicity 
which  was  allowed  to  work  freely  before  the 
nineteenth  century. 

"Happily,  however,  there  are  many  hundred 
words  in  which  this  process  of  stereotyping 
irregular  or  anomalous  forms  has  not  prevailed, 
and  in  which  a  choice  still  lies  open  between  a 
simple  or  normal  form,  and  a  less  simple  or 
anomalous  form. 

"It  has  been  thought  wise  to  print  a  partial 
list  of  the  words  now  spelled  in  two  or  more 
ways  with  a  view  of  informing  the  public  of 
the  facts,  and  of  ascertaining  how  far  intelli- 
gent readers  will  concur  in  the  effort  to  estab- 
lish the  simpler  forms.  A  full  list  would  con- 
tain many  hundred  words,  many  of  them  book- 
ish or  technical  or  semi-foreign." 

Rules  for  Simplified  Spelling.  —  In  the 
preparation  of  its  list  of  300  common  words 
for    submission    to    the    public,    the    Simpli- 


addrest:    Spenser,   Milton,   Pope,    Fitzgerald. 

blusht:    Shakespeare,    Burns. 

carest:   Burns. 

clapt:  Bible  (1611),  Shakespeare,  De  Foe,  Tennyson. 

claspt:    Stanyhurst,    Goldsmith,    Tennyson. 

dipt:   Bible   (1611),  Shelly,  Tennyson. 

confest:    Milton,    Dryden,    Gray. 

cropt:    Bible   (1611),   Pope. 

crost:  Shakespeare,  Bunyan,  Drvden,  Burns,  Scott,  Lowell. 

crusht:    Bible    (1611).    Milton,    Burns. 

curst:    Shakespeare,   Dryden,   Goldsmith. 

deprest:    Milton,    Grav,    Burns. 

dipt:   Bible   (1611),  Milton.  Pope,  Gray,  Tennyson,  Lowell. 

distrest:  Milton,   Goldsmith,  Burns,  Lowell. 

drest:  Spenser,  Dryden,  Pope,  Goldsmith,  Burns,  Tennsyson. 

dript:    Hacket. 

droopt:  Tennyson. 

dropt:     Shakespeare,     Milton,     Dryden,     Pope,     Burns,     Mrs. 

Browning,  Tennvson,  Swinburne,   Lowell, 
exprest:  Dryden,  Pope.  Milton.  Goldsmith. 
fixt:    Shakespeare,   Milton,    Cowley,   Dryden,   ThirlwalL 
gript:    Milton,   Tennvson. 
heipt:    Milton,    Lowell. 
husht:  Shakespeare.  Drvden,  Wilson. 

imprest:   Spenser,  Shakespeare.  Milton,  Pope,  Burns,  Ciry. 
kist:    Shakespeare,   Milton,   Goldsmith,  Tennyson, 
lapt:  Tennyson,  Lewis,  Morris. 


9G 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


4.  Words  spelled  with  -ence  or  -ense  (Latin 
-ens-a).  Rule:  Choose  -ense.  Ex.:  Defense,  offense, 
pretense. 

5.  Words  spelled  with  -ette  or  -et.  Rule:  Omit  -te. 
Ex. :  Coquet,  epaulet,  etiquet,  omelet,  etc. 

6.  Words  spelled  with  gh  or  f.  Rule:  Choose  f. 
Ex.:  Draft. 

7.  Words  spelled  with  -gh  or  without.  (1)  -ough 
or  -ow.  Rule :  Choose  -ow.  Ex. :  Plow.  (2)  -ough 
or  -o.  Rule:  Choose  -o.  Ex.:  Altho  (Bunyan),  tho 
(Bunyan),  thoro,  -boro  (in  place  names). 

8.  Words  with  the  verb  suffix,  of  Greek  origin, 
spelled  -ise  or  -ize.  Rule :  Choose  -ze.  Ex. :  Cate- 
chize,  criticize,  exorcize,   legalize,  etc. 

9.  Words  spelled  with  -ite  or  -it.  Rule:  Omit  e. 
Ex. :  Deposit,  preterit. 

10.  Words  spelled  with  -11  or  -1  (-ill  or  -il).  Rule: 
Choose  -1.    Ex. :  Distil,  fulfil,  instil. 

11.  Words  spelled  with  -11-ness  or  -1-ness.  Rule: 
Omit  one  1.   Ex. :  Dulness,  fulness. 


12.  Words  spelled  with  -mme  or  -m.  Rule:  Omit 
-me.    Ex. :  Gram,  program. 

13.  Words  spelled  with  oe,  ce  or  e.  Rule:  Choose 
e.   Ex. :  Ecumenical,  esophagus. 

14.  Words  spelled  with  -our  or  -or.  Rule:  Choose 
-or.  Ex. :  Favor,  fervor,  flavor,  honor,  labor,  rigor, 
rumor,  tenor,  tumor,  valor,  vapor,  vigor. 

15.  Words  spelled  with  ph  or  f.  Rule:  Choose  f. 
Ex.:    Fantasm,  fantasy,  fantom,  sulfate,  sulfur. 

16.  Words  spelled  with  -rr  or  -r.  Rule:  Omit  one  r. 
Ex. :    Bur,  pur. 

17.  Words  spelled  with  -re  or  -er.  Rule :  Choose  -er. 
Ex. :    Center,  meter,  miter,  niter,  sepulchcr,  theater. 

18.  Words  spelled  with  s  or  z  (in  the  root).  Rule: 
Choose  z.  Ex. :  Apprize,  assize,  comprize,  raze,  surprize, 
teazel. 

19.  Words  spelled  with  s-  or  sc-.  Rule:  Omit  c. 
Ex. :    Simitar,  sithe. 

20.  Words  spelled  with  or  without  silent  -ue.  Rule: 
Omit  -ue.  Ex. :  Catalog,  decalog,  demagog,  pedagog, 
prolog. 


THE  SPELLING  BOARD'S  CHOSEN  THREE  HUNDRED  WORDS. 


The  left-hand  column  in  heavy-faced  type  contai 
Board.     The  right-hand  column  contains  the  old  spell 


SIMPLIFIED    SPELLINGS. 

OLD    SPELLINGS. 

SIMPLIFIE 

abridgment 

abridgement 

candor 

accouter 

accoutre 

carest 

accurst 

accursed 

catalog 

acknowledgment 

acknowledgement 

catechize 

addrest 

addressed 

center 

adz 

adze 

chap; 

affixt 

affixed 

check 

altho 

although 

checker 

anapest 

anapaest,  anapaest 

chimera 

anemia 

anaemia,  anaemia 

civilize 

anesthesia 

anaesthesia,  anaesthesia 

clamor 

anesthetic 

anaesthetic,  anaesthetic 

clangor 

antipyrin 

antipyrine 

clapt 

antitoxin 

antitoxine 

claspt 

apothem 

apothegm,   apophthegm 

clipt 

apprize 

apprise 

clue 

arbor 

arbour 

coeval 

archeology 

archaeology,  archaeology 

color 

ardor 

ardour 

colter 

armor 

armour 

commixt 

artizan 

artisan 

comprest 

assize 

assise 

comprize 

ax 

axe 

confest 

bans 

banns 

controller 

bark 

barque 

coquet 

behavior 

behaviour 

criticize 

blest 

blessed 

cropt 

blusht 

blushed 

crost 

brazen 

brasen 

crusht 

brazier 

brasier 

cue 

bun 

bunn 

curst 

bur 

burr 

cutlas 

caliber 

calibre 

cyclopedia 

-aliper 

calliper 

dactyl 

ns  new,  or  simplified,  spellings  recommended  by  the 
ings,  or  those  in  common  use. 

LLINGS.  OLD    SPELLINGS. 

candour 

caressed 

catalogue 

catechise 

centre 

chapped 

cheque 

chequer 

chimaera,   chimaera 

civilise 

clamour 

clangour 

clapped 

clasped 

clipped 

clew 

coaeval,  coaeval 

colour 

coulter 

commixed 

compressed 

comprise 

confessed 

comptroller 

coquette 

criticise 

cropped 

crossed 

crushed 

queue 

cursed 

cutlass 

cyclopaedia,    cyclopxdia 

dactyle 


THE  SPELLING  BOARD'S  CHOSEN  THREE  HUNDRED  WORDS. 


97 


SIMPLIFIED    SPELLINGS. 

OLD    SPELLINGS. 

SIMPLIFIED    SPELLINGS. 

OLD    SPELLINGS. 

dasht 

dashed 

gelatin 

gelatine 

decalog 

decalogue 

gild 

guild 

defense 

defence 

gipsy 

gypsy 

demagog 

demagogue 

gloze 

glose 

demeanor 

demeanour 

glycerin 

glycerine 

deposit 

deposite 

good-by 

good-bye 

deprest 

depressed 

gram 

gramme 

develop 

develope 

gript 

gripped 

dieresis 

diaeresis,  diaeresis 

harbor 

harbour 

dike 

dyke 

harken 

hearken 

dipt 

dipped 

heapt 

heaped 

discust 

discussed 

hematin 

haematin,  haematin 

dispatch 

despatch 

hiccup 

hiccough 

distil 

distill 

hock 

hough 

distrest 

distressed 

homeopathy 

homoeopathy,  homceo- 

dolor 

dolour 

homonym 

homonym 

domicil 

domicile 

honor 

honour 

draft 

draught 

humor 

humour 

dram 

drachm 

husht 

hushed 

drest 

dressed 

hypotenuse 

hypothenuse 

dript 

dripped 

idolize 

idolise 

droopt 

drooped 

imprest 

impressed 

dropt 

dropped 

instil 

instill 

dulness 

dullness 

jail 

gaol 

ecumenical 

oecumenical,  oecumenical 

judgment 

judgement 

edile 

aedile,  aedile 

kist 

kissed 

egis 

aegis,  aegis 

labor 

labour 

enamor 

enamour 

lacrimal 

lachrymal 

encyclopedia 

encyclopaedia,  -paedia 

lapt 

lapped 

endeavor 

endeavour 

lasht 

lashed 

envelop 

envelope 

leapt 

leaped 

Eolian 

Aeolian,  ^Eolian 

legalize 

legalise 

eon 

aeon,  aeon 

license 

licence 

epaulet 

epaulette 

licorice 

liquorice 

eponym 

eponyme 

liter 

litre 

era 

aera,  aera 

lodgment 

lodgement 

esophagus 

oesophagus,  oesophagus 

lookt 

looked 

esthetic 

aesthetic,  aesthetic 

lopt 

lopped 

esthetics 

aesthetics,  aesthetics 

luster 

lustre 

estivate 

aestivate,  aestivate 

mama 

mamma 

ether 

aether,  aether 

maneuver 

manoeuver,  manoeuvre 

etiology 

aetiology,  aetiology 

materialize 

materialise 

exorcize 

exorcise 

meager 

meagre 

exprest 

expressed 

medieval 

mediaeval,  mediaeval 

fagot 

faggot 

meter 

metre 

fantasm 

phantasm 

mist 

missed 

fantasy 

phantasy 

miter 

mitre 

fantom 

phantom 

mixt 

mixed 

favor 

favour 

mold 

mould 

favorite 

favourite 

molder 

moulder 

fervor 

fervour 

molding 

moulding 

fiber 

fibre 

moldy 

mouldy 

fixt 

fixed 

molt 

moult 

flavor 

flavour 

mullen 

mullein 

fulfil 

fulfill 

naturalize 

naturalise 

fulness 

fullness 

neighbor 

neighbour 

gage 

gauge 

niter 

nitre 

gazel 

gazelle 

nipt 

nipped 

98 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


SIMPLIFIED   SPELLINGS. 

OLD    SPELLINGS. 

SIMPLIFIED    SPELLINGS. 

OLD    SPELLINGS. 

ocher 

odour 

sipt 

sipped 

odor 

ochre 

sithe 

scythe 

offense 

offence 

skilful 

skillful 

omelet 

omelette 

skipt 

skipped 

opprest 

oppressed 

slipt 

slipped 

orthopedic 

orthopaedic,  orthopaedic 

smolder 

smoulder 

paleography 

palaeography,  palaeo- 

snapt 

snapped 

paleolithic 

palaeolithic,  palaeolithic 

somber 

sombre 

paleontology 

palaeontology,  palaeo- 

specter 

spectre 

paleozoic 

palaeozoic,  palaeozoic 

splendor 

splendour 

paraffin 

paraffine 

stedfast 

steadfast 

parlor 

parlour 

stept 

stepped 

partizan 

partisan 

stopt 

stopped 

past 

passed 

strest 

stressed 

patronize 

patronise 

stript 

stripped 

pedagog 

pedagogue,  paedagogue 

subpena 

subpoena,  subpoena 

pedobaptist 

paedobaptist,   paedo- 

succor 

succour 

phenix 

phoenix,  phoenix 

suffixt 

suffixed 

phenomenon 

phaenomenon,  phaenom- 

sulfate 

sulphate 

pigmy 

pygmy 

sulfur 

sulphur 

plow 

plough 

sumac 

sumach 

polyp 

polype 

supprest 

suppressed 

possest 

possessed 

surprize 

surprise 

practise,  v.  and  n. 

practice 

synonym 

synonyme 

prefixt 

prefixed 

tabor 

tabour 

prenomen 

praenomen,  praenomen 

tapt 

tapped 

prest 

pressed 

teazel 

teasel,  teasle,  teazle 

pretense 

pretence 

tenor 

tenour 

preterit 

preterite,  praeterite 

theater 

theatre 

pretermit 

praetermit,  praetermit 

tho 

though,  tho' 

primeval 

primaeval,  primaeval 

thoro 

thorough,  thoro' 

profest 

professed 

thorofare 

thoroughfare 

program 

programme 

thoroly 

thoroughly 

prolog 

prologue 

thru 

through,  thro',  thro 

propt 

propped 

thruout 

throughout 

pur 

purr 

tipt 

tipped 

quartet 

quartette 

topt 

topped 

questor 

quaestor,  quaestor 

tost 

tossed 

quintet 

quintette 

transgrest 

transgressed 

rancor 

rancour 

trapt 

trapped 

rapt 

rapped 

tript 

tripped 

raze 

rase 

tumor 

tumour 

recognize 

recognise 

valor 

valour 

reconnoiter 

reconnoitre 

vapor 

vapour 

rigor 

rigour 

vext 

vexed 

rime 

rhyme 

vigor 

vigour 

ript 

ripped 

vizor 

visor 

rumor 

rumour 

wagon 

waggon 

saber 

sabre 

washt 

washed 

saltpeter 

saltpetre 

whipt 

whipped 

savior 

saviour 

whisky 

whiskey 

savor 

savour 

wilful 

willful 

scepter 

sceptre 

winkt 

winked 

septet 

septette 

wisht 

wished 

sepulcher 

sepulchre 

wo 

woe 

sextet 

sextette 

woful 

woeful 

silvan 

sylvan 

woolen 

woollen 

simitar 

scimitar,  cimeter,  etc. 

wrapt 

wrapped 

PRESIDENT   ROOSEVELT'S   ORDER. 


In  August,  1906,  and  after  the  adoption  of 
the  list  of  spellings  recommended  by  the  Board, 
by  several  educational  boards  in  the  larger 
cities  of  the  country,  and  by  a  great  many 
scholars  and  authors,  President  Roosevelt  is- 
sued an  order  to  the  Public  Printer  at  Wash- 
ington to  use  the  simplified  form  of  spelling  the 
300  words  in  the  Board's  list  in  the  printing  of 
all  executive  documents.  This  order  gave  rise 
to  much  criticism  on  the  part  of  those  opposed 
to  innovations  in  spelling.  The  President  was 
charged  with  undue  favoritism  to  what  was 
erroneously  called  the  "Carnegie  idea,"  and 
to  the  efforts  of  The  Simplified  Spelling  Board. 
To  become  a  lexicographer  and  teacher,  said 
his  critics,  was  no  part  of  executive  duty,  and 
to  compel,  by  executive  order,  the  adoption  of 
reform  spelling,  even  to  such  a  limited  extent 
as  300  words,  in  publications  belonging  to,  and 
to  be  read  by,  the  general  public,  was  an  arbi- 
trary stretch  of  his  power.  • 

Extension  of  the  President's  Order. — 
Nothing  disconcerted  by  criticism,  rather  be- 
cause of  it,  and  by  further  study  of  the  merits 
of  the  simplified  spelling  system,  the  Presi- 
dent, on  August  28,  1906,  extended  his  order 
regarding  reformed  spelling  of  the  selected 
300  words  to  all  parts  of  the  government,  as 
represented  through  its  executive  heads.  Thus 
the  selected  list  became  virtually  the  official 
dictionary  of  the  executive  staff,  and  the  Pub- 
lic Printer  set  about  the  work  of  formulating 
rules  for  printing  in  accordance  with  the  ex- 
tended order. 

The  President  Explains.  —  In  a  letter  to 
the  Public  Printer,  made  public  under  date  of 
September  2,  1906,  President  Roosevelt-  went 
at  length  into  an  explanation  of  his  order  and 
of  the  reasons  which  prompted  it,  by  saying, 
in  part,  that  most  of  the  criticism  of  the  pro- 
posed step  toward  simplified  spelling  had  evi- 
dently been  made  in  ignorance  of  what  the 
step  really  is,  no  less  than  in  entire  ignorance 
of  the  very  moderate  and  common-sense  views 
as  to  the  purposes  to  be  achieved.  He  referred 
the  Public  Printer  to  the  various  circulars  pub- 
lished by  The  Simplified  Spelling  Board,  and 
recommended  him  to  use  them  as  answers  to 
anyone  asking  for  the  reasons  of  his  action. 

No   Attempt    at    Revolution.  —  The    Presi- 


dent continued  his  letter  thus:  "There  is  not 
the  slightest  intention  to  do  anything  revolu- 
tionary or  to  initiate  any  far-reaching  policy. 
The  purpose  simply  is  for  the  government,  in- 
stead of  laying  behind  popular  sentiment,  to 
advance  abreast  of  it,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
abreast  of  the  views  of  the  ablest  and  most 
practical  educators  of  our  time,  as  well  as  of 
the  most  profound  scholars  of  the  stamp  of 
Prof.  Lounsbury  and  Prof.  Skeat." 

The  Order  Tentative.  —  In  further  explain- 
ing the  nature  of  his  order,  the  President  said: 
"If  the  slight  changes  in  the  spelling  of  the 
300  words  proposed  wholly  or  partially  meet 
popular  approval,  then  the  changes  will  be- 
come permanent  without  any  reference  to 
what  public  officials  or  individual  private 
citizens  may  feel ;  if  they  do  not  ultimately 
meet  with  popular  approval  they  will  be  dropt. 
and  that  is  all  there  is  about  it." 

What  the  Changes  Really  Represent. — 
As  to  what  the  proposed  changes  really  repre- 
sent, the  President  continued :  "They  represent 
nothing  in  the  world  but  a  very  slight  ex- 
tension of  the  unconscious  movement  which 
has  made  agricultural  implement  makers  and 
farmers  write  'plow,'  instead  of  'plough ;' 
which  has  made  most  Americans  write  'honor' 
without  the  somewhat  absurd  and  superfluous 
'u,'  and  which  is  even  now  making  people 
write  'program,'  instead  of  'programme,'  just 
as  all  people  who  speak  English  now  write 
'bat,'  'set,'  'dim,'  'sum'  and  'fish,'  instead 
of  the  Elizabethan  'batte,'  'sette,'  'dimme,' 
'summe'  and  'fysshe;'  which  makes  us  write 
'public,'  'almanac,'  'era,'  'fantasy'  and  'wagon,' 
instead  of  the  'publick,'  'almanack,'  'sera,' 
'phantasy'  and  'waggon'  of  our  great-fathers." 

No  Attack  on  the  Language.  —  Again,  the 
President  said:  "It  is  not  an  attack  on  the 
language  of  Shakespeare  and  Milton,  because 
it  is,  in  some  instances,  a  going-back  to  the 
forms  they  used,  and  in  others  merely  the 
extension  of  changes  which,  as  regards  other 
words,  have  taken  place  since  their  time.  It 
is  not  an  attempt  to  do  anything  far-reaching 
or  sudden,  or  violent,  or,  indeed,  anything  very 
great  at  all."  In  concluding,  the  President 
said:  "My  plan  is  merely  an  attempt  to  cast 
what  slight  weight  can  properly  be  cast  on 
the  side  of  the  popular  forces  which  are  en- 


(99) 


100 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


deavoring   to   make    English   spelling   a   little 
less  foolish  and  fantastic." 

The  Carnegie  Motive.  —  Mr.  Carnegie's  mo- 
tive for  giving  his  money  towards  the  simplifi- 
cation of  the  language  grew  out  of  his  opinion 
that  English  is  destined  to  become  the  world 
language,  and  that  a  primary  and  necessary 
step  to  this  end  is  to  free  it  of  its  difficult  and 
contradictory  spelling,  thus  relieving  it  of 
what  is  formidable,  if  not  repellant,  to  those 
who  would  otherwise  acquire  and  use  it  in 
commerce,  diplomacy  and  literature.  As  ex- 
pressive of  his  hopes,  he  says:  "I  hope  that 
thoughtful  persons  will  give  this  important 
matter  due  consideration  and  resolve  to  use 
at  least  two  or  three  simplified  words,  and 
thus  range  themselves  with  us  in  the  effort 
to  carry  on  the  unceasing  work  of  improving 
our  mother-tongue." 

Professor  March's  Views.  —  The  name  of 
Prof.  Francis  A.  March,  St.,  pioneer  of  spelling 
reform  in  America,  appears  in  the  list  of  mem- 
bers of  the  Simplified  Spelling  Board,  as  seen 
on  a  former  page,  and  he  is  the  most  venerable 
and  learned  of  his  many  illustrious  and  earnest 
companions.  In  summing  up  his  views  of  the 
simplified  spelling  situation,  he  says:  "I  may 
not  live  to  see  the  accomplishment  of  spelling 
reform,  but  it  is  bound  to  come  in  the  near 
future.  People  should  find  no  objection  to 
using  words  recommended  by  The  Simplified 
Spelling  Board.  That  will  be  the  start.  Then 
the  people  must  be  familiarized  with  reformed 
spelling  by  bringing  before  them  reading  mat- 
ter using  that  kind  of  spelling.  Print  all  sorts 
of  good  books  in  reformed  spelling,  and  get 
people  to  read  them,  and  the  reform  will  be 
accomplished." 

Prof.  Max  Muller's  Views.  —  Prof.  Max 
Muller  was  much  in  favor  of  the  reformed 
method,  and  in  writing  of  it,  asked :  "Can  this 
old  and  unsystematic  system  of  spelling  Eng- 
lish be  allowd  to  go  on  forever?  Is  every 
English  child  to  be  mulcted  in  two  or  three 
years  of  his  life  in  order  to  lern  it?  Ar  the 
lower  classes  to  go  thru  scool  without  lerning 
to  read  and  write  their  own  language  intelli- 
gently? I  do  not  think  that  such  a  state  of 
things  will  be  allowd  to  go  on  forever,  par- 
ticularly as  a  remedy  is  at  hand.  There  is  a 
motiv  power  behind  these  spelling  reformers.  It 
is  the  misery  endured  by  millions  of  children  at 
scools  who  might  lern  in  one  year  what  they 
now  require  four  or  five  years  to  lern,  and 
seldom  succeed  in  lerning  it  at  all." 

Views  of  Prof.  Bfander  Matthews. — In  cir- 
cular No.  4,  of  The  Simplified  Spelling  Board, 


published   May   7,    1906,   Prof.   Matthews,   of 
Columbia  University,  speaks  as  follows: 

"An  accomplished  historian  of  our  noble- 
language  has  asserted  that  English  is  now  'the 
most  barbarously  spelt  of  any  cultivated  tongue 
in  Christendom.  We  are  weltering  in  an 
orthographic  chaos  in  which  a  multitude  of 
signs  are  represented  by  the  same  sound  and 
a  multitude  of  sounds  by  the  same  sign.'  And 
he  then  illustrates  this  confusion  by  drawing 
attention  to  the  fact  that  one  and  the  same 
sound  is  now  represented  by  e  in  let,  by  ea  in 
head,  by  ei  in  heifer,  by  eo  in  leopard,  by  ay  in 
says,  by  ai  in  said,  and  by  a  in  many.  Here  we 
have  seven  different  symbols  for  a  single  vowel 
sound,  and  the  most  of  these  same  symbols  in 
other  words  represent  other  vowel  sounds.  Nor 
are  the  consonants  very  much  more  exact,  as 
we  see  when  we  are  reminded  that  one  and  the 
same  sound  is  now  represented  by  j  in  sure,  by 
sh  in  ship,  by  sci  in  conscience,  by  ci  in  suspicion, 
by  ce  in  ocean,  by  ti  in  notion,  and  by  xi  in 
anxious — again  seven  different  symbols  for  a 
single  sound. 

"The  spelling  of  English  is  now  more  foolish 
than  that  of  German  or  French  (both  of  which 
have  been  somewhat  amended  of  late),  partly 
because  English  has,  unfortunately,  suffered 
more  than  any  of  the  other  modern  languages 
from  the  evil  influence  of  uneducated  printers 
and  of  half  educated  pedants.  The  printers 
were  the  first  in  the  field,  and  their  misdeeds 
are  at  once  easier  to  understand  and  harder  to 
counteract.  The  earliest  printers  in  England 
were  not  Englishmen ;  mostly  they  were  Ger- 
mans or  Dutchmen,  to  whom  English  was  a 
foreign  speech. 

"Now  it  is  possible  for  compositors  to  set 
type  in  a  language  of  which  they  are  wholly 
ignorant,  but  they  probably  would  be  less  care- 
ful and  make  more  blunders  in  setting  up  books 
in  a  language  which  they  half  knew.  'As 
foreigners  they  had  little  or  no  knowledge  of 
the  proper  spelling  of  our  tongue,'  so  Profes- 
sor Lounsbury  has  recorded,  adding  that,  'in 
the  general  license  that  then  prevailed,  they 
could  venture  to  disregard  where  they  did  not 
care  to  understand.'  The  result  is  that  the 
spelling  of  the  original  editions  of  the  master- 
pieces of  Elizabethan  literature  is  a  marvel  of 
typographic  incompetency  and  of  orthographic 
recklessness.  Spelling  was  then  less  accurate ; 
it  was  more  clumsy  and  more  slovenly  than  it 
had  been  when  the  multiplying  of  books  was 
left  in  the  hands  of  the  better-trained  copyists. 

"So  numerous  were  the  variations  in  the 
spelling  even  of  .ordinary  words  that  a  re- 
action was  bound  to  follow.    Toward  the  end 


PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT'S  ORDER. 


101 


of  the  seventeenth  century  and  in  the  earlier 
years  of  the  eighteenth  an  effort  was  made  to 
bring  order  out  of  chaos.  Unfortunately  this 
attempt  toward  uniformity  was  not  guided  by 
wisdom  or  by  knowledge,  but  rather  by  chance 
and  by  caprice,  since  it  was  the  work  of  the 
printers  themselves,  who  knew  nothing  about 
the  principles  which  should  control  the  ad- 
justing of  spelling  to  pronunciation.  A  certain 
kind  of  uniformity  was  achieved  in  time  by  the 
acceptance  of  the  standards  set  by  the  printers. 
This  uniformity,  from  which  our  children  are 
now  suffering,  was  external,  arbitrary,  me- 
chanical, and  unscientific.  In  effecting  it,  so 
Professor  Lounsbury  has  declared  with  charac- 
teristic plainness  of  speech,  'propriety  was 
disregarded,  etymology  perverted,  and  every 
principle  of  orthography  defied.' 

"It  was  a  grave  misfortune  that  the  mismade 
spelling  thus  casually  manufactured  was  ac- 
cepted by  Bailey,  and  after  him  by  Dr.  John- 
son, whose  'Dictionary,'  published  in  the 
middle  of  the  eighteenth  century,  gave  it  cur- 
rency and  authority,  which  his  more  ignorant 
disciple  Walker  only  helped  to  extend  and 
establish.  And  if  the  English  language  has  to- 
day the  worst  spelling  of  any  of  the  modern 
languages,  this  is  due  largely  to  the  influence 
of  Dr.  Johnson,  and  to  the  weight  of  his  ponder- 
ous personality.  If  he  had  only  known  just  a 
little  more  about  the  history  of  his  own 
language,  and  if  he  had  exerted  his  dominating 
influence  against  the  more  obvious  absurdities 
and  inconsistencies  foisted  into  our  spelling 
by  the  narrow  pedantry  of  arrogant  proof- 
readers, secure  in  a  perilous  half-knowledge — 
in  short  if  Dr.  Johnson  had  not  only  known 
more  about  English,  but  had  also  cared  more — 
our  orthography  would  be  less  unsatisfactory 
to-day  and  it  could  be  more  easily  set  right. 

"In  his  regard  for  Latin,  and  in  his  ignorance 
of  English  as  it  had  been  before  the  printers 
came,  Johnson  accepted  comptroller,  ignoring 
the  older  controller.  He  allowed  sovereign  and 
foreign  (as  tho  they  had  something  to  do  with 
the  Latin  regno)  instead  of  the  older  soverain 
(Milton's  sovran)  and  forrain.  He  countenanced 
debt  and  doubt,  with  the  useless  and  disfiguring 
b,  which  was  thrust  in  by  earlier  pedants.  He 
kept  a  Latin  p  in  receipt,  tho  he  left  it  out  of 
deceit.  He  spelt  deign  one  way  and  disdain 
another.  He  was  willing  to  leave  a  needless 
and  misleading  .?  in  island,  altho  it  had  been 
Hand  in  Shakespeare's  time.  He  seems  to  have 
supposed  that  the  older  English  agast  would 
look  more  ghostlike  if  spelt  aghast.  He  saw  no 
harm  in  delight,  altho  the  older  form,  repre- 
senting more  accurately  both  the  sound  and 


the  origin,  was  delite.  He  cast  out  the  Shakes- 
pearean ake  for  a  labored  ache.  He  kept  up 
the  accidental  and  perfectly  useless  distinction 
in  the  spelling  of  the  final  syllables  of  accede 
and  exceed,  of  precede  and  proceed. 

"The  more  clearly  we  see  the  full  effect  ol 
Johnson's  accidental  influence  in  fixing  upon 
our  orthography  all  these  infelicities  and 
many  others  like  them,  the  more  we  are  moved 
to  regret  that  the  burly  doctor  undertook  to 
prepare  the  dictionary  of  a  language  which  he 
had  not  investigated  historically,  and  in  which 
he  held  it  disgraceful  to  compose  an  epitaph. 
The  arguments  which  Dr.  Johnson  advanced 
in  his  pamphlet  on  'Taxation  no  tyranny'  did 
not  convert  our  forefathers  then  fighting  for 
their  freedom ;  and  perhaps  the  time  has  now 
come  when  their  descendants  can  decide  for 
themselves  whether  they  accept  or  reject  the 
cumbersome  spellings  preserved  in  the  dic- 
tionary made  by  the  man  George  III  pensioned. 

"If  only  we  had  in  our  hands  a  satisfactory 
history  of  English  orthography,  we  should 
find  an  easy  answer  to  one  protest  frequently 
made  against  any  proposed  simplification  of 
our  spelling.  This  is  to  the  effect  that  it  is  our 
duty  to  preserve  for  our  children  the  orthog- 
raphy which  was  used  by  Addison  and  by 
Swift,  by  Milton  and  by  Shakespeare,  since  the 
spelling  that  was  good  enough  for  these  great 
masters  of  English  literature  ought  surely  to 
be  good  enough  for  us.  But  this  protest  is 
never  voiced  by  any  one  who  is  familiar  with 
the  original  editions  of  Milton  and  of  Shakes- 
peare; it  is  possible  to  those  who  are  familiar 
only  with  the  ordinary  library  editions  set  up 
in  'modern  spelling' — that  is  to  say,  in  the 
spelling  arbitrarily  agreed  on  in  the  printing 
offices  of  the  eighteenth  century,  and  igno- 
rantly  accepted  by  Dr.  Johnson.  This  'modern 
spelling'  misrepresents  the  text  of  the  masters 
of  English  literature.  Altho  it  was  accepted 
in  most  of  the  editions  issued  in  the  nineteenth 
century,  it  is  now  rejected  by  the  severer 
scholarship  of  our  own  time,  which  insists  on 
reproducing   the  original  orthography. 

"The  multiplication  of  these  more  scholarly 
editions  of  the  English  classics  will  soon  con- 
vince even  the  careless  reader  that  English 
spelling  has  always  been  shifting,  and  that  it 
was  often  simpler  in  the  past  than  it  is  to-day. 
It  will  convince  him  that  the  so-called  'modern 
spelling'  has  no  sanctity  from  use  by  the 
masters.  It  is  not  the  spelling  of  Addison  and 
Swift,  of  Milton  and  of  Shakespeare ;  it  is  only 
the  spelling  of  Samuel  Johnson,  author  of  the 
'Vanity  of  human  wishes.'  It  is  the  spelling 
of  yesterday,  but  it  is  not  the  spelling  of  the 


102 


OUR  ENGLISH  SPEECH. 


day  before  yesterday,  and  it  will  not  be  the 
spelling  of  to-morrow.  Many  of  the  more 
cumbersome  forms  of  the  Johnsonian  canon — 
governour,  for  example,  and  waggon  and  gaol — 
have  long  been  abandoned  here  in  the  United 
States.  Many  more  are  likely  to  be  given  up 
in  the  immediate  future.  Already  is  rime  mak- 
ing its  way  back  into  use,  and  probably  sovran 
would  seem  strange  now  to  no  student  of 
Milton.  No  lover  of  Tennyson  finds  anything 
unusual  in  stept  and  stopt,  which  the  laureate 
liked  better'than  stepped  and  stopped,  perhaps 
as  more  frankly  monosyllabic  and  therefore 
more  harmoniously  fitted  into  his  verse;  and 
perhaps  because  he  followed  the  practise  of  the 
older  poets  of  our  tongue. 

"It  was  the  shrewd  Bismarck  who  declared 
that  'we  cannot  hasten  the  course  of  time  by 
setting  our  watches  forward.'  But  the  course 
of  time  is  even  steadier  in  its  advance  than 
the  most  trustworthy  of  our  watches.  Even 
in  the  nineteenth  century  there  was  some 
progress  toward  simplicity  in  our  spelling,  and 
now  at  the  beginning  of  the  twentieth  century 
the  time  seems  ripe  for  another  step  or  two. 
The  Simplified  Spelling  Board  is  profoundly 
convinced  that  the  peoples  who  speak  English 
are  very  conservative  and  very  slow  to  move 
along  the  path  of  reformation,  and  therefore 
it  is  going  to  refrain  from  all  radical  sugges- 
tions.   Its  members  agree  with  M.  Brunetiere 


that  'we  can  do  what  we  desire  only  on  con- 
dition that  we  do  not  desire  what  is  not  in  our 
power.' " 

Fate  of  the  President's  Order.  Though  the 
President's  order  of  August,  1906,  went  into 
operation  at  once  in  the  Public  Printing  Office,  as 
to  the  spellings  in  executive  documents,  the  judi- 
cial branch  of  the  government  refused  to  adopt 
the  proposed  new  spellings  in  their  papers  and 
decisions,  and  insisted  on  a  continuance  of  the  old 
forms.  When  the  Fifty-ninth  Congress  met  in 
its  second  session,  December  3d,  1906,  it,  also, 
was  found  in  opposition  to  the  improved  spelling, 
and  the  House  passed  a  unanimous  resolution  to 
the  effect  that  the  Public  Printer  should,  in  the 
printing  of  all  reports,  documents  and  other 
publications  ordered  by  Congress,  use  the  orthog- 
raphy found  in  accepted  dictionaries ;  but  this 
resolution  was  recalled  when  the  President,  see- 
ing that  his  order  was  not  generally  acceptable  to 
either  the  judicial  or  legislative  departments  of 
government,  revoked  it,  as  he  had  before  inti- 
mated he  would  do  in  case  it  proved  impracticable 
in  its  workings.  It  was  made  clear  to  him  that 
the  two  forms  of  spelling  in  the  same  printing 
office  resulted  in  confusion  and  expense.  He, 
however,  continued  the  reform  spelling  in  the 
White  House  correspondence,  except  when  the 
same  was  to  pass  through  the  Public  Printing  de- 
partment. 


\ 


M  14  DAY  USE 

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